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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Great Pirate Stories, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Great Pirate Stories
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Joseph Lewis French
+
+Release Date: October 29, 2008 [EBook #27090]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GREAT PIRATE STORIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Stephen Blundell and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                   GREAT PIRATE STORIES
+
+
+                         EDITED BY
+
+                    JOSEPH LEWIS FRENCH
+ Editor of "Great Sea Stories," "Masterpieces of Mystery,"
+                "Great Ghost Stories," etc.
+
+
+                        TWO VOLUMES
+                          IN ONE
+
+
+                   TUDOR PUBLISHING CO.
+                         NEW YORK
+
+
+
+
+      First Printing, November, 1922
+      Second Printing, January, 1923
+      Third Printing, November, 1923
+      Fourth Printing, November, 1929
+
+
+ _Printed in the United States of America_
+
+      Copyright, 1922, by Brentano's
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+    Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.
+    Archaic, dialect and quoted spellings (including inconsistent proper
+    nouns), in addition to irregular hyphenation, remain as printed.
+
+
+
+
+    Go tell your King, he is King of the Land;
+    But I am the King of the Sea!
+
+                      BARBAROSSA TO CHARLES V.
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+
+Piracy embodies the romance of the sea at its highest expression. It is
+a sad but inevitable commentary on our civilization, that, so far as the
+sea is concerned, it has developed from its infancy down to a century or
+so ago, under one phase or another of piracy. If men were savages on
+land they were doubly so at sea, and all the years of maritime
+adventure--years that added to the map of the world till there was
+little left to discover--could not wholly eradicate the piratical germ.
+It went out gradually with the settlement and ordering of the far-flung
+British colonies. Great Britain, foremost of sea powers, must be
+credited with doing more both directly and indirectly for the abolition
+of crime and disorder on the high seas than any other force. But the
+conquest was not complete till the advent of steam which chased the
+sea-rover into the farthest corners of his domain. It is said that he
+survives even today in certain spots in the Chinese waters,--but he is
+certainly an innocuous relic. A pirate of any sort would be as great a
+curiosity today if he could be caught and exhibited as a fabulous
+monster.
+
+The fact remains and will always persist that in the lore of the sea he
+is far and away the most picturesque figure,--and the more genuine and
+gross his career, the higher degree of interest does he inspire.
+
+There may be a certain human perversity in this, for the pirate was
+unquestionably a bad man--at his best, or worst--considering his
+surroundings and conditions,--undoubtedly the worst man that ever lived.
+There is little to soften the dark yet glowing picture of his exploits.
+But again, it must be remembered, that not only does the note of
+distance subdue, and even lend a certain enchantment to the scene, but
+the effect of contrast between our peaceful times and his own
+contributes much to deepen our interest in him. Perhaps it is this
+latter, added to that deathless spark in the human breast that glows at
+the tale of adventure, which makes him the kind of hero of romance that
+he is today.
+
+He is undeniably a redoubtable historical figure. It is a curious fact
+that the commerce of the seas was cradled in the lap of buccaneering.
+The constant danger of the deeps in this form only made hardier mariners
+out of the merchant-adventurers, actually stimulating and strengthening
+maritime enterprise.
+
+Buccaneering--which is only a politer term for piracy--thus became the
+high romance of the seas during the great centuries of maritime
+adventure. It went hand in hand with discovery,--they were in fact
+almost inseparable. Most of the mighty mariners from the days of Leif
+the Discoverer, through those of the redoubtable Sir Francis Drake down
+to our own Paul Jones, answer to the roll-call.
+
+It was a bold hardy world--this of ours--up to the advent of our
+giant-servant, Steam,--every foot of which was won by fierce conquest of
+one sort or another. Out of this past the pirate emerges as a romantic,
+even at times heroic, figure. This final niche, despite his crimes,
+cannot altogether be denied him. A hero he is and will remain so long as
+tales of the sea are told. So, have at him, in these pages!
+
+                                                  JOSEPH LEWIS FRENCH.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                                    PAGE
+
+ The Piccaroon                                                         1
+       From _Tom Cringle's Log_. By MICHAEL SCOTT.
+
+ The Capture of Panama, 1671                                          23
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ The Malay Proas                                                      52
+       From _Afloat and Ashore_. By JAMES FENIMORE COOPER.
+
+ The Wonderful Fight of the _Exchange_ of Bristol with the
+   Pirates of Algiers                                                 61
+       From _Purchas, His Pilgrims_. By SAMUEL PURCHAS.
+
+ The Daughter of the Great Mogul                                      89
+       From _The King of the Pirates_. By DANIEL DEFOE.
+
+ Barbarossa--King of the Corsairs                                     97
+       From _Sea Wolves of the Mediterranean_. By E. HAMILTON
+         CURREY, R.N.
+
+ Morgan at Puerto Bello                                              115
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ The Ways of the Buccaneers                                          126
+       From _Buccaneer Customs on the Spanish Main_. By JOHN
+         MASEFIELD after JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ A True Account of Three Notorious Pirates                           132
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By HOWARD PYLE, ED.
+
+ Narrative of the Capture of the Ship _Derby_, 1735                  196
+       By CAPTAIN ANSELM.
+
+ Francis Lolonois, the Slave Who Became a Pirate King                209
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ The Fight between the _Dorrill_ and the _Moca_                      232
+       From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+ Jaddi the Malay Pirate                                              240
+       From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+ The Terrible Ladrones                                               247
+       From _The Ladrone Pirates_. By RICHARD GLASSPOOLE.
+
+ The Female Captive                                                  276
+       From an Old Pamphlet, published in 1825. By LUCRETIA
+         PARKER.
+
+ The Passing of Mogul Mackenzie, the Last of the North Atlantic
+   Pirates                                                           298
+       From _Blackwood's Magazine_. By ARTHUR HUNT CHUTE.
+
+ The Last of the Sea-Rovers: The Riff Coast Pirates                  312
+       From the _Nautical Magazine_. By W. B. LORD.
+
+
+
+
+GREAT PIRATE STORIES
+
+
+
+
+THE PICCAROON[1]
+
+MICHAEL SCOTT
+
+"Ours the wild life in tumult still to range."--_The Corsair._
+
+
+We returned to Carthagena, to be at hand should any opportunity occur
+for Jamaica, and were lounging about one forenoon on the fortifications,
+looking with sickening hearts out to seaward, when a voice struck up the
+following negro ditty close to us:--
+
+    "Fader was a Corramantee,
+      Moder was a Mingo,
+    Black picaniny buccra wantee,
+      So dem sell a me, Peter, by jingo.
+          Jiggery, jiggery, jiggery."
+
+"Well sung, Massa Bungo!" exclaimed Mr. Splinter; "where do you hail
+from, my hearty?"
+
+"Hillo! Bungo, indeed! free and easy dat, anyhow. Who you yousef, eh?"
+
+"Why, Peter," continued the lieutenant, "don't you know me?"
+
+"Cannot say dat I do," rejoined the negro, very gravely, without lifting
+his head, as he sat mending his jacket in one of the embrasures near the
+water-gate of the arsenal--"Hab not de honour of your acquaintance,
+sir."
+
+He then resumed his scream, for song it could not be called:--
+
+    "Mammy Sally's daughter
+      Lose him shoe in an old canoe
+    Dat lay half full of water,
+      And den she knew not what to do.
+          Jiggery, jig----"
+
+"Confound your jiggery, jiggery, sir! But I know you well enough, my
+man; and you can scarcely have forgotten Lieutenant Splinter of the
+Torch, one would think?"
+
+However, it was clear that the poor fellow really had not known us; for
+the name so startled him, that, in his hurry to unlace his legs from
+under him, as he sat tailor-fashion, he fairly capsized out of his
+perch, and toppled down on his nose--a feature, fortunately, so
+flattened by the hand of nature, that I question if it could have been
+rendered more obtuse had he fallen out of the maintop on a timber-head,
+or a marine officer's.
+
+"Eh!--no--yes, him sure enough; and who is de picaniny hofficer--Oh! I
+see, Massa Tom Cringle? Garamighty, gentlemen, where have you drop from?
+Where is de old Torch? Many a time hab I, Peter Mangrove, pilot to Him
+Britannic Majesty squadron, taken de old brig in and through amongst de
+keys at Port Royal!"
+
+"Ay, and how often did you scour her copper against the coral reefs,
+Peter?"
+
+His Majesty's pilot gave a knowing look, and laid his hand on his
+breast--"No more of dat if you love me, massa."
+
+"Well, well, it don't signify now, my boy; she will never give you that
+trouble again--foundered--all hands lost, Peter, but the two you see
+before you."
+
+"Werry sorry, Massa Plinter, werry sorry--What! de black cook's-mate and
+all?--But misfortune can't be help. Stop till I put up my needle, and I
+will take a turn wid you." Here he drew himself up with a great deal of
+absurd gravity. "Proper dat British hofficer in distress should assist
+one anoder--we shall consult togeder.--How can I serve you?"
+
+"Why, Peter, if you could help us to a passage to Port Royal, it would
+be serving us most essentially. When we used to be lying there a week
+seldom passed without one of the squadron arriving from this; but here
+have we been for more than a month without a single pennant belonging to
+the station having looked in: our money is running short, and if we are
+to hold on in Carthagena for another six weeks, we shall not have a shot
+left in the locker--not a copper to tinkle on a tombstone."
+
+The negro looked steadfastly at us, then carefully around. There was no
+one near.
+
+"You see, Massa Plinter, I am desirable to serve you, for one little
+reason of my own; but, beside dat, it is good for me at present to make
+some friend wid de hofficer of de squadron, being as how dat I am absent
+widout leave."
+
+"Oh, I perceive--a large R against your name in the master-attendant's
+books, eh?"
+
+"You have hit it, sir, werry close; besides, I long mosh to return to my
+poor wife, Nancy Cator, dat I leave, wagabone dat I is, just about to be
+confine."
+
+I could not resist putting in my oar.
+
+"I saw Nancy just before we sailed, Peter--fine child that; not quite so
+black as you, though."
+
+"Oh, massa," said Snowball, grinning, and showing his white teeth, "you
+know I am soch a terrible black fellow--But you are a leetle out at
+present, massa--I meant, about to be confine in de work-house for
+stealing de admiral's Muscovy ducks;" and he laughed loud and
+long.--"However, if you will promise dat you will stand my friends, I
+will put you in de way of getting a shove across to de east end of
+Jamaica; and I will go wid you too, for company."
+
+"Thank you," rejoined Mr. Splinter; "but how do you mean to manage this?
+There is no Kingston trader here at present, and you don't mean to make
+a start of it in an open boat, do you?"
+
+"No, sir, I don't; but in de first place--as you are a gentleman, will
+you try and get me off when we get to Jamaica? Secondly, will you
+promise dat you will not seek to know more of de vessel you may go in,
+nor of her crew, than dey are willing to tell you, provided you are
+landed safe?"
+
+"Why, Peter, I scarcely think you would deceive us, for you know I saved
+your bacon in that awkward affair, when through drunkenness you plumped
+the Torch ashore, so----"
+
+"Forget dat, sir--forget dat! Never shall poor black pilot forget how
+you saved him from being seized up, when de gratings, boatswain's mates,
+and all, were ready at de gangway--never shall poor black rascal forget
+dat."
+
+"Indeed, I do not think you would wittingly betray us into trouble,
+Peter; and as I guess you mean one of the forced traders, we will
+venture in her, rather than kick about here any longer, and pay a
+moderate sum for our passage."
+
+"Den wait here five minute"--and so saying, he slipped down through the
+embrasure into a canoe that lay beneath, and in a trice we saw him jump
+on board of a long low nondescript kind of craft that lay moored within
+pistol-shot of the walls.
+
+She was a large shallow vessel, coppered to the bends, of great breadth
+of beam, with bright sides, like an American, so painted as to give her
+a clumsy mercantile sheen externally, but there were many things that
+belied this to a nautical eye: her copper, for instance, was bright as
+burnished gold on her very sharp bows and beautiful run; and we could
+see, from the bastion where we stood, that her decks were flush and
+level. She had no cannon mounted that were visible; but we distinguished
+grooves on her well-scrubbed decks, as from the recent traversing of
+carronade slides, while the bolts and rings in her high and solid
+bulwarks shone clear and bright in the ardent noontide. There was a
+tarpaulin stretched over a quantity of rubbish, old sails, old junk, and
+hencoops, rather ostentatiously piled up forward, which we conjectured
+might conceal a long gun.
+
+She was a very taught-rigged hermaphrodite, or brig forward and schooner
+aft. Her foremast and bowsprit were immensely strong and heavy, and her
+mainmast was so long and tapering, that the wonder was how the few
+shrouds and stays about it could support it; it was the handsomest stick
+we had ever seen. Her upper spars were on the same scale, tapering away
+through topmast, topgallant-mast, royal and skysail-masts, until they
+fined away into slender wands. The sails, that were loose to dry, were
+old, and patched, and evidently displayed to cloak the character of the
+vessel by an ostentatious show of their unserviceable condition; but her
+rigging was beautifully fitted, every rope lying in the chafe of another
+being carefully served with hide. There were several large
+bushy-whiskered fellows lounging about the deck, with their hair
+gathered into dirty net-bags, like the fishermen of Barcelona; many had
+red silk sashes round their waists, through which were stuck their long
+knives, in shark-skin sheaths. Their numbers were not so great as to
+excite suspicion: but a certain daring, reckless manner, would at once
+have distinguished them, independently of anything else, from the quiet,
+hard-worked, red-shirted, merchant seaman.
+
+"That chap is not much to be trusted," said the lieutenant; "his bunting
+would make a few jackets for Joseph, I take it." But we had little time
+to be critical, before our friend Peter came paddling back with another
+blackamoor in the stern, of as ungainly an exterior as could well be
+imagined. He was a very large man, whose weight every now and then, as
+they breasted the short sea, cocked up the snout of the canoe with Peter
+Mangrove in it, as if he had been a cork, leaving him to flourish his
+paddle in the air, like the weather-wheel of a steam-boat in a sea-way.
+The new-comer was strong and broad-shouldered, with long muscular arms,
+and a chest like Hercules; but his legs and thighs were, for his bulk,
+remarkably puny and misshapen. A thick fell of black wool, in close
+tufts, as if his face had been stuck full of cloves, covered his chin
+and upper-lip; and his hair, if hair it could be called, was twisted
+into a hundred short plaits, that bristled out, and gave his head, when
+he took his hat off, the appearance of a porcupine. There was a large
+saber-cut across his nose and down his cheek, and he wore two immense
+gold earrings. His dress consisted of short cotton drawers, that did
+not reach within two inches of his knee, leaving his thin cucumber
+shanks (on which the small bullet-like calf appeared to have been stuck
+before, through mistake, in place of abaft) naked to the shoe; a check
+shirt, and an enormously large Panama hat, made of a sort of cane, split
+small, and worn shovel-fashion. Notwithstanding, he made his bow by no
+means ungracefully, and offered his services in choice Spanish, but
+spoke English as soon as he heard who we were.
+
+"Pray, sir, are you the master of that vessel?" said the lieutenant.
+
+"No, sir, I am the mate, and I learn you are desirous of a passage to
+Jamaica." This was spoken with a broad Scotch accent.
+
+"Yes, we are," said I, in very great astonishment, "but we will not sail
+with the devil; and who ever saw a negro Scotchman before, the spirit of
+Nicol Jarvie conjured into a blackamoor's skin!"
+
+The fellow laughed. "I am black, as you see; so were my father and
+mother before me." And he looked at me, as much as to say, I have read
+the book you quote from. "But I was born in the good town of
+Port-Glasgow notwithstanding, and many a voyage I have made as cabin-boy
+and cook in the good ship the Peggy Bogle, with worthy old Jock Hunter;
+but that matters not. I was told you wanted to go to Jamaica; I dare-say
+our captain will take you for a moderate passage-money. But here he
+comes to speak for himself.--Captain Vanderbosh, here are two
+shipwrecked British officers, who wish to be put on shore on the east
+end of Jamaica; will you take them, and what will you charge for their
+passage?"
+
+The man he spoke to was nearly as tall as himself; he was a sunburnt,
+angular, raw-boned, iron-visaged veteran, with a nose in shape and color
+like the bowl of his own pipe, but not at all, according to the received
+idea, like a Dutchman. His dress was quizzical enough--white-trousers, a
+long-flapped embroidered waistcoat that might have belonged to a Spanish
+grandee, with an old-fashioned French-cut coat, showing the frayed marks
+where the lace had been stripped off, voluminous in the skirts, but very
+tight in the sleeves, which were so short as to leave his large bony
+paws, and six inches of his arm above the wrist, exposed; altogether, it
+fitted him like a purser's shirt on a hand-spike.
+
+"Vy, for von hondred thaler I will land dem safe in Mancheoneal Bay; but
+how shall ve manage, Villiamson? De cabin vas point yesterday."
+
+The Scotch negro nodded. "Never mind; I dare-say the smell of the paint
+won't signify to the gentlemen."
+
+The bargain was ratified; we agreed to pay the stipulated sum, and that
+same evening, having dropped down with the last of the sea-breeze, we
+set sail from Bocca Chica, and began working up under the lee of the
+headland of Punto Canoa. When off the San Domingo Gate, we burned a
+blue-light, which was immediately answered by another in-shore of us. In
+the glare we could perceive two boats, full of men. Any one who has ever
+played at snapdragon, can imagine the unearthly appearance of objects
+when seen by this species of firework. In the present instance it was
+held aloft on a boat-hook, and cast a strong spectral light on the band
+of lawless ruffians, who were so crowded together that they entirely
+filled the boats, no part of which could be seen. It seemed as if two
+clusters of fiends, suddenly vomited forth from hell, were floating on
+the surface of the midnight sea, in the midst of brimstone flames. In a
+few moments our crew was strengthened by about forty as ugly Christians
+as I ever set eyes on. They were of all ages, countries, complexions,
+and tongues, and looked as if they had been kidnapped by a pressgang as
+they had knocked off from the Tower of Babel. From the moment they came
+on board, Captain Vanderbosh was shorn of all his glory, and sank into
+the petty officer while, to our amazement, the Scottish negro took the
+command, evincing great coolness, energy, and skill. He ordered the
+schooner to be wore as soon as we had shipped the men, and laid her head
+off the land, then set all hands to shift the old suit of sails, and to
+bend new ones.
+
+"Why did you not shift your canvas before we started?" said I to the
+Dutch captain, or mate, or whatever he might be.
+
+"Vy vont you be content to take a quiet passage and hax no question?"
+was the uncivil rejoinder, which I felt inclined to resent, until I
+remembered that we were in the hands of the Philistines, where a quarrel
+would have been worse than useless. I was gulping down the insult as
+well as I could, when the black captain came aft, and, with the air of
+an equal, invited us into the cabin to take a glass of grog. We had
+scarcely sat down before we heard a noise like the swaying up of guns,
+or some other heavy articles, from the hold.
+
+I caught Mr. Splinter's eye--he nodded, but said nothing. In half an
+hour afterwards, when we went on deck, we saw by the light of the moon
+twelve eighteen-pound carronades mounted, six of a side, with their
+accompaniments of rammers and sponges, water-buckets, boxes of round,
+grape, and canister, and tubs of wadding, while the coamings of the
+hatchways were thickly studded with round-shot. The tarpaulin and lumber
+forward had disappeared, and there lay long Tom, ready levelled,
+grinning on his pivot.
+
+The ropes were all coiled away, and laid down in regular man-of-war
+fashion; while an ugly gruff beast of a Spanish mulatto, apparently the
+officer of the watch, walked the weatherside of the quarterdeck in the
+true pendulum style. Look-outs were placed aft, and at the gangways and
+bows, who every now and then passed the word to keep a bright look-out,
+while the rest of the watch were stretched silent, but evidently broad
+awake, under the lee of the boat. We noticed that each man had his
+cutlass buckled round his waist--that the boarding-pikes had been cut
+loose from the main boom, round which they had been stopped, and that
+about thirty muskets were ranged along a fixed rack that ran athwart
+ships near the main hatchway.
+
+By the time we had reconnoitred thus far the night became overcast, and
+a thick bank of clouds began to rise to windward; some heavy drops of
+rain fell, and the thunder grumbled at a distance. The black veil crept
+gradually on, until it shrouded the whole firmament, and left us in as
+dark a night as ever poor devils were out in. By-and-by a narrow streak
+of bright moonlight appeared under the lower-edge of the bank, defining
+the dark outlines of the tumbling multitudinous billows on the horizon
+as distinctly as if they had been pasteboard waves in a theater.
+
+"Is that a sail to windward in the clear, think you?" said Mr. Splinter
+to me in a whisper. At this moment it lightened vividly. "I am sure it
+is," continued he--"I could see her white canvas glance just now."
+
+I looked steadily, and at last caught the small dark speck against the
+bright background, rising and falling on the swell of the sea like a
+feather.
+
+As we stood on, she was seen more distinctly, but, to all appearance,
+nobody was aware of her proximity. We were mistaken in this, however,
+for the captain suddenly jumped on a gun, and gave his orders with a
+fiery energy that startled us.
+
+"Leroux!" A small French boy was at his side in a moment. "Forward, and
+call all hands to shorten sail; but, _doucement_, you land-crab!--Man
+the fore clew-garnets.--Hands by the top-gallant clew-lines--jib
+down-haul--rise tacks and sheets--peak and throat haulyards--let
+go--clew up--settle away the main-gaff there!"
+
+In almost as short a space as I have taken to write it, every inch of
+canvas was close furled--every light, except the one in the binnacle,
+and that was cautiously masked, carefully extinguished--a hundred and
+twenty men at quarters, and the ship under bare poles. The head-yards
+were then squared, and we bore up before the wind. The stratagem proved
+successful; the strange sail could be seen through the night-glasses
+cracking on close to the wind, evidently under the impression that we
+had tacked.
+
+"Dere she goes, chasing de Gobel," said the Dutchman.
+
+She now burned a blue-light, by which we saw she was a heavy
+cutter--without doubt our old fellow-cruiser the Spark. The Dutchman had
+come to the same conclusion.
+
+"My eye, captain, no use to dodge from her; it is only dat footy little
+King's cutter on de Jamaica station."
+
+"It is her, true enough," answered Williamson; "and she is from Santa
+Martha with a freight of specie, I know. I will try a brush with her,
+by----"
+
+Splinter struck in before he could finish his irreverent exclamation.
+"If your conjecture be true, I know the craft--a heavy vessel of her
+class, and you may depend on hard knocks, and small profit if you do
+take her; while if she takes you----"
+
+"I'll be hanged if she does"--and he grinned at the conceit--then
+setting his teeth hard, "or rather, I will blow the schooner up with my
+own hand before I strike; better that than have one's bones bleached in
+chains on a key at Port Royal. But you see you cannot control us,
+gentlemen; so get down into the cable-tier, and take Peter Mangrove with
+you. I would not willingly see those come to harm who have trusted me."
+
+However, there was no shot flying as yet, we therefore stayed on deck.
+All sail was once more made; the carronades were cast loose on both
+sides, and double-shotted, the long-gun slewed round, the tack of the
+fore-and-aft foresail hauled up, and we kept by the wind, and stood
+after the cutter, whose white canvas we could still see through the
+gloom like a snow-wreath.
+
+As soon as she saw us, she tacked and stood towards us, and came bowling
+along gallantly, with the water roaring and flashing at her bows. As the
+vessels neared each other they both shortened sail, and finding that we
+could not weather her, we steered close under her lee.
+
+As we crossed on opposite tacks, her commander hailed, "Ho, the
+brigantine, ahoy!"
+
+"Hillo!" sung out Blackie, as he backed his main-top-sail.
+
+"What schooner is that?"
+
+"The Spanish schooner Caridad."
+
+"Whence, and whither bound?"
+
+"Carthagena to Porto Rico."
+
+"Heave-to, and send your boat on board."
+
+"We have none that will swim, sir."
+
+"Very well, bring-to, and I will send mine."
+
+"Call away the boarders," said our captain, in a low stern tone; "let
+them crouch out of sight behind the boat."
+
+The cutter wore, and hove-to under our lee quarter, within pistol-shot;
+we heard the rattle of the ropes running through the davit-blocks, and
+the splash of the jolly-boat touching the water, then the measured
+stroke of the oars, as they glanced like silver in the sparkling sea,
+and a voice calling out, "Give way, my lads."
+
+The character of the vessel we were on board of was now evident; and the
+bitter reflection that we were chained to the stake on board of a
+pirate, on the eve of a fierce contest with one of our own cruisers, was
+aggravated by the consideration, that the cutter had fallen into a snare
+by which a whole boat's crew would be sacrificed before a shot was
+fired.
+
+I watched my opportunity as she pulled up alongside, and called out,
+leaning well over the nettings, "Get back to your ship!--treachery! get
+back to your ship!"
+
+The little French serpent was at my side with the speed of thought, his
+long clear knife glancing in one hand, while the fingers of the other
+were laid on his lips. He could not have said more plainly, "Hold your
+tongue, or I'll cut your throat;" but Sneezer now startled him by
+rushing between us, and giving a short angry growl.
+
+The officer in the boat had heard me imperfectly; he rose up--"I won't
+go back, my good man, until I see what you are made of;" and as he spoke
+he sprang on board, but the instant he got over the bulwarks, he was
+caught by two strong hands, gagged, and thrown bodily down the
+main-hatchway.
+
+"Heave," cried a voice, "and with a will!" and four cold 32-pound shot
+were hove at once into the boat alongside, which, crashing through her
+bottom, swamped her in a moment, precipitating the miserable crew into
+the boiling sea. Their shrieks still ring in my ears as they clung to
+the oars and some loose planks of the boat.
+
+"Bring up the officer, and take out the gag," said Williamson.
+
+Poor Walcolm, who had been an old messmate of mine, was now dragged to
+the gangway half-naked, his face bleeding, and heavily ironed, when the
+blackamoor, clapping a pistol to his head, bid him, as he feared
+instant death, hail "that the boat had swamped under the counter, and to
+send another." The poor fellow, who appeared stunned and confused, did
+so, but without seeming to know what he said.
+
+"Good God," said Mr. Splinter, "don't you mean to pick up the boat's
+crew?"
+
+The blood curdled to my heart, as the black savage answered in a voice
+of thunder, "Let them drown and be d----d! Fill, and stand on!"
+
+But the clouds by this time broke away, and the mild moon shone clear
+and bright once more upon this scene of most atrocious villainy. By her
+light the cutter's people could see that there was no one struggling in
+the water now, and that the people must either have been saved, or were
+past all earthly aid; but the infamous deception was not entirely at an
+end.
+
+The captain of the cutter, seeing we were making sail, did the same, and
+after having shot ahead of us, hailed once more.
+
+"Mr. Walcolm, why don't you run to leeward, and heave-to, sir?"
+
+"Answer him instantly, and hail again for another boat," said the sable
+fiend, and cocked his pistol.
+
+The click went to my heart. The young midship-man turned his pale mild
+countenance, laced with his blood, upwards towards the moon and stars,
+as one who had looked his last look on earth; the large tears were
+flowing down his cheeks, and mingling with the crimson streaks, and a
+flood of silver light fell on the fine features of the poor boy, as he
+said firmly, "Never." The miscreant fired, and he fell dead.
+
+"Up with the helm, and wear across her stern." The order was obeyed.
+"Fire!" The whole broadside was poured in, and we could hear the shot
+rattle and tear along the cutter's deck, and the shrieks and groans of
+the wounded, while the white splinters glanced away in all directions.
+
+We now ranged alongside, and close action commenced, and never do I
+expect to see such an infernal scene again. Up to this moment there had
+been neither confusion nor noise on board the pirate--all had been
+coolness and order; but when the yards locked the crew broke loose from
+all control--they ceased to be men--they were demons, for they threw
+their own dead and wounded, as they were mown down like grass by the
+cutter's grape, indiscriminately down the hatchways to get clear of
+them. They had stripped themselves almost naked; and although they
+fought with the most desperate courage, yelling and cursing, each in his
+own tongue, most hideously, yet their very numbers, pent up in a small
+vessel, were against them. At length, amidst the fire and smoke and
+hellish uproar, we could see that the deck had become a very shambles;
+and unless they soon carried the cutter by boarding, it was clear that
+the coolness and discipline of my own glorious service must prevail,
+even against such fearful odds; the superior size of the vessel,
+greater number of guns, and heavier metal. The pirates seemed aware of
+this themselves, for they now made a desperate attempt forward to carry
+their antagonist by boarding, led on by the black captain. Just at this
+moment the cutter's main-boom fell across the schooner's deck, close to
+where we were sheltering ourselves from the shot the best way we could;
+and while the rush forward was being made, by a sudden impulse Splinter
+and I, followed by Peter and the dog (who with wonderful sagacity,
+seeing the uselessness of resistance, had cowered quietly by my side
+during the whole row), scrambled along it as the cutter's people were
+repelling the attack on her bow, and all four of us, in our haste,
+jumped down on the poor Irishman at the wheel.
+
+"Murder, fire, rape, and robbery!--it is capsized, stove in, sunk,
+burned, and destroyed I am! Captain, captain, we are carried aft
+here--Och, hubbaboo for Patrick Donnally!"
+
+There was no time to be lost; if any of the crew came aft we were dead
+men, so we tumbled down through the cabin skylight, men and beast, the
+hatch having been knocked off by a shot, and stowed ourselves away in
+the side berths. The noise on deck soon ceased--the cannon were again
+plied--gradually the fire slackened, and we could hear that the pirate
+had scraped clear and escaped. Some time after this the lieutenant
+commanding the cutter came down. Poor Mr. Douglas! both Mr. Splinter
+and I knew him well. He sat down and covered his face with his hands,
+while the blood oozed down between his fingers. He had received a
+cutlass wound on the head in the attack. His right arm was bound up with
+his neckcloth, and he was very pale.
+
+"Steward, bring me a light.--Ask the doctor how many are killed and
+wounded; and--do you hear?--tell him to come to me when he is done
+forward, but not a moment sooner. To have been so mauled and duped by a
+buccaneer; and my poor boat's crew----"
+
+Splinter groaned. He started--but at this moment the man returned again.
+
+"Thirteen killed, your honor, and fifteen wounded; scarcely one of us
+untouched." The poor fellow's own skull was bound round with a bloody
+cloth.
+
+"God help me! Gold help me! but they have died the death of men. Who
+knows what death the poor fellows in the boat have died!"--Here he was
+cut short by a tremendous scuffle on the ladder, down which an old
+quartermaster was trundled neck and crop into the cabin. "How now,
+Jones?"
+
+"Please your honor," said the man, as soon as he had gathered himself
+up, and had time to turn his quid and smooth down his hair; but again
+the uproar was renewed, and Donnally was lugged in, scrambling and
+struggling between two seamen--"this here Irish chap, your honor, has
+lost his wits, if so be he ever had any, your honor. He has gone mad
+through fright."
+
+"Fright be d----d!" roared Donnally; "no man ever frightened me; but as
+his honor was skewering them bloody thieves forward, I was boarded and
+carried aft by the devil, your honor--pooped by Beelzebub, by ----," and
+he rapped his fist on the table until everything on it danced again.
+"There were four of them, yeer honor--a black one and two blue ones--and
+a pie-bald one, with four legs and a bushy tail--each with two horns on
+his head, for all the world like those on Father M'Cleary's red cow--no,
+she was humbled--it is Father Clannachan's, I mane--no, not his neither,
+for his was the parish bull; fait, I don't know what I mane, except that
+they had all horns on their heads, and vomited fire, and had each of
+them a tail at his stern, twisting and twining like a conger eel, with a
+blue light at the end on't."
+
+"And dat's a lie, if ever dere was one," exclaimed Peter Mangrove,
+jumping from the berth. "Look at me, you Irish tief, and tell me if I
+have a blue light or a conger eel at my stern!"
+
+This was too much for poor Donnally. He yelled out, "You'll believe your
+own eyes now, yeer honor, when you see one o' dem bodily before you! Let
+me go--let me go!" and, rushing up the ladder, he would, in all
+probability, have ended his earthly career in the salt sea, had his
+bullet-head not encountered the broadest part of the purser, who was in
+the act of descending, with such violence, that he shot him out of the
+companion several feet above the deck, as if he had been discharged from
+a culverin; but the recoil sent poor Donnally, stunned and senseless, to
+the bottom of the ladder. There was no standing all this; we laughed
+outright, and made ourselves known to Mr. Douglas, who received us
+cordially, and in a week we were landed at Port Royal.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] From _Tom Cringle's Log_.
+
+
+
+
+THE CAPTURE OF PANAMA, 1671[2]
+
+JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Captain Morgan set forth from the castle of Chagre, towards Panama,
+August 18, 1670. He had with him twelve hundred men, five boats laden
+with artillery, and thirty-two canoes. The first day they sailed only
+six leagues, and came to a place called De los Bracos. Here a party of
+his men went ashore, only to sleep and stretch their limbs, being almost
+crippled with lying too much crowded in the boats. Having rested awhile,
+they went abroad to seek victuals in the neighboring plantations; but
+they could find none, the Spaniards being fled, and carrying with them
+all they had. This day, being the first of their journey, they had such
+scarcity of victuals, as the greatest part were forced to pass with only
+a pipe of tobacco, without any other refreshment.
+
+Next day, about evening, they came to a place called Cruz de Juan
+Gallego. Here they were compelled to leave their boats and canoes, the
+river being very dry for want of rain, and many trees having fallen into
+it.
+
+The guides told them, that, about two leagues farther, the country
+would be very good to continue the journey by land. Hereupon they left
+one hundred and sixty men on board the boats, to defend them, that they
+might serve for a refuge in necessity.
+
+Next morning, being the third day, they all went ashore, except those
+who were to keep the boats. To these Captain Morgan gave order, under
+great penalties, that no man, on any pretext whatever, should dare to
+leave the boats, and go ashore; fearing lest they should be surprised by
+an ambuscade of Spaniards in the neighboring woods, which appeared so
+thick as to seem almost impenetrable. This morning beginning their
+march, the ways proved so bad, that Captain Morgan thought it more
+convenient to transport some of the men in canoes (though with great
+labor) to a place farther up the river, called Cedro Bueno. Thus they
+reëmbarked, and the canoes returned for the rest; so that about night
+they got altogether at the said place. The pirates much desired to meet
+some Spaniards or Indians, hoping to fill their bellies with their
+provisions, being reduced to extremity and hunger.
+
+The fourth day the greatest part of the pirates marched by land, being
+led by one of the guides; the rest went by water farther up, being
+conducted by another guide, who always went before them, to discover, on
+both sides of the river, the ambuscades. These had also spies, who were
+very dextrous to give notice of all accidents, or of the arrival of the
+pirates, six hours, at least, before they came. This day, about noon,
+they came near a post called Torna Cavallos: here the guide of the
+canoes cried out, that he perceived an ambuscade. His voice caused
+infinite joy to all the pirates, hoping to find some provisions to
+satiate their extreme hunger. Being come to the place, they found nobody
+in it, the Spaniards being fled, and leaving nothing behind but a few
+leathern bags, all empty, and a few crumbs of bread scattered on the
+ground where they had eaten. Being angry at this, they pulled down a few
+little huts which the Spaniards had made, and fell to eating the
+leathern bags, to allay the ferment of their stomachs, which was now so
+sharp as to gnaw their very bowels. Thus they made a huge banquet upon
+these bags of leather, divers quarrels arising concerning the greatest
+shares. By the bigness of the place, they conjectured about five hundred
+Spaniards had been there, whom, finding no victuals, they were now
+infinitely desirous to meet, intending to devour some of them rather
+than perish.
+
+Having feasted themselves with those pieces of leather, they marched on,
+till they came about night to another post, called Torna Munni. Here
+they found another ambuscade, but as barren as the former. They searched
+the neighboring woods, but could not find anything to eat, the Spaniards
+having been so provident, as not to leave anywhere the least crumb of
+sustenance, whereby the pirates were now brought to this extremity.
+Here again he was happy that he had reserved since noon any bit of
+leather to make his supper of, drinking after it a good draught of water
+for his comfort. Some, who never were out of their mothers' kitchens,
+may ask, how these pirates could eat and digest those pieces of leather,
+so hard and dry? Whom I answer, that, could they once experiment what
+hunger, or rather famine, is, they would find the way as the pirates
+did. For these first sliced it in pieces, then they beat it between two
+stones, and rubbed it, often dipping it in water, to make it supple and
+tender. Lastly, they scraped off the hair, and broiled it. Being thus
+cooked, they cut it into small morsels, and ate it, helping it down with
+frequent gulps of water, which, by good fortune, they had at hand.
+
+The fifth day, about noon, they came to a place called Barbacoa. Here
+they found traces of another ambuscade, but the place totally as
+unprovided as the former. At a small distance were several plantations,
+which they searched very narrowly, but could not find any person,
+animal, or other thing, to relieve their extreme hunger. Finally, having
+ranged about, and searched a long time, they found a grot, which seemed
+to be but lately hewn out of a rock, where were two sacks of meal,
+wheat, and like things, with two great jars of wine, and certain fruits
+called platanoes. Captain Morgan, knowing some of his men were now
+almost dead with hunger, and fearing the same of the rest, caused what
+was found to be distributed among them who were in greatest necessity.
+Having refreshed themselves with these victuals, they marched anew with
+greater courage then ever. Such as were weak were put into the canoes,
+and those commanded to land that were in them before. Thus they
+prosecuted their journey till late at night; when coming to a
+plantation, they took up their rest, but without eating anything; for
+the Spaniards, as before, had swept away all manner of provisions.
+
+The sixth day they continued their march, part by land and part by
+water. Howbeit, they were constrained to rest very frequently, both for
+the ruggedness of the way, and their extreme weakness, which they
+endeavored to relieve by eating leaves of trees and green herbs, or
+grass; such was their miserable condition. This day at noon they arrived
+at a plantation, where was a barn full of maize. Immediately they beat
+down the doors and ate it dry, as much as they could devour; then they
+distributed a great quantity, giving every man a good allowance. Thus
+provided, and prosecuting their journey for about an hour, they came to
+another ambuscade. This they no sooner discovered, but they threw away
+their maize, with the sudden hopes of finding all things in abundance.
+But they were much deceived, meeting neither Indians nor victuals, nor
+anything else: but they saw, on the other side of the river, about a
+hundred Indians, who, all fleeing, escaped. Some few pirates leaped
+into the river to cross it, and try to take any of the Indians, but in
+vain: for, being much more nimble than the pirates, they not only
+baffled them, but killed two or three with their arrows; hooting at
+them, and crying, "Ha, perros! a la savana, a la savana."--"Ha, ye dogs!
+go to the plain, go to the plain."
+
+This day they could advance no farther, being necessitated to pass the
+river, to continue their march on the other side. Hereupon they reposed
+for that night, though their sleep was not profound; for great
+murmurings were made at Captain Morgan, and his conduct; some being
+desirous to return home, while others would rather die there than go
+back a step from their undertaking: others, who had greater courage,
+laughed and joked at their discourses. Meanwhile, they had a guide who
+much comforted them, saying, "It would not now be long before they met
+with people from whom they should reap some considerable advantage."
+
+The seventh day, in the morning, they made clean their arms, and every
+one discharged his pistol, or musket, without bullet, to try their
+firelocks. This done, they crossed the river, leaving the post where
+they had rested, called Santa Cruz, and at noon they arrived at a
+village called Cruz. Being yet far from the place, they perceived much
+smoke from the chimneys: the sight hereof gave them great joy, and hopes
+of finding people and plenty of good cheer. Thus they went on as fast as
+they could, encouraging one another, saying, "There is smoke comes out
+of every house: they are making good fires, to roast and boil what we
+are to eat;" and the like.
+
+At length they arrived there, all sweating and panting, but found no
+person in the town, nor anything eatable to refresh themselves, except
+good fires, which they wanted not; for the Spaniards, before their
+departure, had every one set fire to his own house, except the king's
+storehouses and stables.
+
+They had not left behind them any beast, alive or dead, which much
+troubled their pursuers, not finding anything but a few cats and dogs,
+which they immediately killed and devoured. At last, in the king's
+stables, they found, by good fortune, fifteen or sixteen jars of Peru
+wine, and a leathern sack full of bread. No sooner had they drank of
+this wine, when they fell sick, almost every man: this made them think
+the wine was poisoned, which caused a new consternation in the whole
+camp, judging themselves now to be irrecoverably lost. But the true
+reason was, their want of sustenance, and the manifold sorts of trash
+they had eaten. Their sickness was so great, as caused them to remain
+there till the next morning, without being able to prosecute their
+journey in the afternoon. This village is seated in 9 deg. 2 min. north
+latitude, distant from the river Chagre twenty-six Spanish leagues, and
+eight from Panama. This is the last place to which boats or canoes can
+come; for which reason they built here storehouses for all sorts of
+merchandise, which to and from Panama are transported on the backs of
+mules.
+
+Here Captain Morgan was forced to leave his canoes, and land all his
+men, though never so weak; but lest the canoes should be surprised, or
+take up too many men for their defense, he sent them all back to the
+place where the boats were, except one, which he hid, that it might
+serve to carry intelligence. Many of the Spaniards and Indians of this
+village having fled to the near plantations, Captain Morgan ordered that
+none should go out of the village, except companies of one hundred
+together, fearing lest the enemy should take an advantage upon his men.
+Notwithstanding, one party contravened these orders, being tempted with
+the desire of victuals: but they were soon glad to fly into the town
+again, being assaulted with great fury by some Spaniards and Indians,
+who carried one of them away prisoner. Thus the vigilancy and care of
+Captain Morgan was not sufficient to prevent every accident.
+
+The eighth day in the morning Captain Morgan sent two hundred men before
+the body of his army, to discover the way to Panama, and any ambuscades
+therein: the path being so narrow, that only ten or twelve persons could
+march abreast, and often not so many. After ten hours' march they came
+to a place called Quebrada Obscura: here, all on a sudden, three or four
+thousand arrows were shot at them, they not perceiving whence they
+came, or who shot them: though they presumed it was from a high rocky
+mountain, from one side to the other, whereon was a grot, capable of but
+one horse or other beast laded. This multitude of arrows much alarmed
+the pirates, especially because they could not discover whence they were
+discharged. At last, seeing no more arrows, they marched a little
+farther, and entered a wood: here they perceived some Indians to fly as
+fast as they could, to take the advantage of another post, thence to
+observe their march; yet there remained one troop of Indians on the
+place, resolved to fight and defend themselves, which they did with
+great courage till their captain fell down wounded; who, though he
+despaired of life, yet his valor being greater than his strength, would
+ask no quarter, but, endeavoring to raise himself, with undaunted mind
+laid hold of his azagayo, or javelin, and struck at one of the pirates;
+but before he could second the blow, he was shot to death. This was also
+the fate of many of his companions, who, like good soldiers, lost their
+lives with their captain, for the defense of their country.
+
+The pirates endeavored to take some of the Indians prisoners, but they
+being swifter than the pirates, every one escaped, leaving eight pirates
+dead, and ten wounded: yea, had the Indians been more dextrous in
+military affairs, they might have defended the passage, and not let one
+man pass. A little while after they came to a large champaign, open,
+and full of fine meadows; hence they could perceive at a distance before
+them some Indians, on the top of a mountain, near the way by which they
+were to pass: they sent fifty men, the nimblest they had, to try to
+catch any of them, and force them to discover their companions: but all
+in vain; for they escaped by their nimbleness, and presently showed
+themselves in another place, hallooing to the English and crying, "A la
+savana, a la savana, perros Ingleses!" that is, "To the plain, to the
+plain, ye English dogs!" Meanwhile the ten pirates that were wounded
+were dressed, and plastered up.
+
+Here was a wood, and on each side a mountain. The Indians possessed
+themselves of one, and the pirates of the other. Captain Morgan was
+persuaded the Spaniards had placed an ambuscade there, it lying so
+conveniently; hereupon, he sent two hundred men to search it. The
+Spaniards and Indians perceiving the pirates descended the mountain, did
+so too, as if they designed to attack them; but being got into the wood,
+out of sight of the pirates, they were seen no more, leaving the passage
+open.
+
+About night fell a great rain, which caused the pirates to march the
+faster, and seek for houses to preserve their arms from being wet; but
+the Indians had set fire to every one, and driven away all their cattle,
+that the pirates, finding neither houses nor victuals, might be
+constrained to return: but, after diligent search, they found a few
+shepherds' huts, but in them nothing to eat. These not holding many
+men, they placed in them, out of every company, a small number, who kept
+the arms of the rest: those who remained in the open field endured much
+hardship that night, the rain not ceasing till morning.
+
+Next morning, about the break of day, being the ninth of that tedious
+journey, Captain Morgan marched on while the fresh air of the morning
+lasted; for the clouds hanging yet over their heads, were much more
+favorable than the scorching rays of the sun, the way being now more
+difficult than before. After two hours' march, they discovered about
+twenty Spaniards, who observed their motions: they endeavored to catch
+some of them, but could not, they suddenly disappearing, and absconding
+themselves in caves among the rocks unknown to the pirates. At last,
+ascending a high mountain, they discovered the South Sea. This happy
+sight, as if it were the end of their labors, caused infinite joy among
+them: hence they could descry also one ship, and six boats, which were
+set forth from Panama, and sailed towards the islands of Tavoga and
+Tavogilla: then they came to a vale where they found much cattle,
+whereof they killed good store: here, while some killed and flayed cows,
+horses, bulls, and chiefly asses, of which there were most; others
+kindled fires, and got wood to roast them: then cutting the flesh into
+convenient pieces, or gobbets, they threw them into the fire, and, half
+carbonadoed or roasted, they devoured them, with incredible haste and
+appetite. Such was their hunger, that they more resembled cannibals than
+Europeans; the blood many times running down from their beards to their
+waists.
+
+Having satisfied their hunger, Captain Morgan ordered them to continue
+the march. Here, again, he sent before the main body fifty men to take
+some prisoners, if they could; for he was much concerned, that in nine
+days he could not meet one person to inform him of the condition and
+forces of the Spaniards. About evening they discovered about two hundred
+Spaniards, who hallooed to the pirates, but they understood not what
+they said. A little while after they came in sight of the highest
+steeple of Panama: this they no sooner discovered but they showed signs
+of extreme joy, casting up their hats into the air, leaping and
+shouting, just as if they had already obtained the victory, and
+accomplished their designs. All their trumpets sounded, and drums beat,
+in token of this alacrity of their minds. Thus they pitched their camp
+for that night, with general content of the whole army, waiting with
+impatience for the morning, when they intended to attack the city. This
+evening appeared fifty horses, who came out of the city, on the noise of
+the drums and trumpets, to observe, as it was thought, their motions:
+they came almost within musket-shot of the army, with a trumpet that
+sounded marvelously well. Those on horseback hallooed aloud to the
+pirates, and threatened them, saying, "Perros! nos veremos," that is,
+"Ye dogs! we shall meet ye." Having made this menace, they returned to
+the city, except only seven or eight horsemen, who hovered thereabouts
+to watch their motions. Immediately after the city fired, and ceased not
+to play their biggest guns all night long against the camp, but with
+little or no harm to the pirates, whom they could not easily reach. Now
+also the two hundred Spaniards, whom the pirates had seen in the
+afternoon, appeared again, making a show of blocking up the passages,
+that no pirates might escape their hands: but the pirates, though in a
+manner besieged, instead of fearing their blockades, as soon as they had
+placed sentinels about their camp, opened their satchels, and, without
+any napkins or plates, fell to eating, very heartily, the pieces of
+bulls' and horses' flesh which they had reserved since noon. This done,
+they laid themselves down to sleep on the grass, with great repose and
+satisfaction, expecting only, with impatience, the dawning of the next
+day.
+
+The tenth day, betimes in the morning, they put all their men in order,
+and, with drums and trumpets sounding, marched directly towards the
+city; but one of the guides desired Captain Morgan not to take the
+common highway, lest they should find in it many ambuscades. He took his
+advice, and chose another way through the wood, though very irksome and
+difficult. The Spaniards perceiving the pirates had taken another way
+they scarce had thought on, were compelled to leave their stops and
+batteries, and come out to meet them. The governor of Panama put his
+forces in order, consisting of two squadrons, four regiments of foot,
+and a huge number of wild bulls, which were driven by a great number of
+Indians, with some negroes, and others, to help them.
+
+The pirates, now upon their march, came to the top of a little hill,
+whence they had a large prospect of the city and champaign country
+underneath. Here they discovered the forces of the people of Panama, in
+battle array, to be so numerous, that they were surprised with fear,
+much doubting the fortune of the day: yea, few or none there were but
+wished themselves at home, or at least free from obligation of that
+engagement, it so nearly concerning their lives. Having been some time
+wavering in their minds, they at last reflected on the straits they had
+brought themselves into, and that now they must either fight resolutely,
+or die; for no quarter could be expected from an enemy on whom they had
+committed so many cruelties. Hereupon they encouraged one another,
+resolving to conquer, or spend the last drop of blood. Then they divided
+themselves into three battalions, sending before two hundred buccaneers,
+who were very dextrous at their guns. Then descending the hill, they
+marched directly towards the Spaniards, who in a spacious field waited
+for their coming. As soon as they drew nigh, the Spaniards began to
+shout and cry, "Viva el rey!" "God save the king!" and immediately their
+horse moved against the pirates: but the fields being full of quags, and
+soft under-foot, they could not wheel about as they desired. The two
+hundred buccaneers, who went before, each putting one knee to the
+ground, began to battle briskly, with a full volley of shot: the
+Spaniards defended themselves courageously, doing all they could to
+disorder the pirates. Their foot endeavored to second the horse, but
+were forced by the fire of the pirates to retreat. Finding themselves
+baffled, they attempted to drive the bulls against them behind, to put
+them into disorder; but the wild cattle ran away, frighted with the
+noise of the battle. Only some few broke through the English companies,
+and only tore the colors in pieces, while the buccaneers shot every one
+of them dead.
+
+The battle having continued two hours, the greatest part of the Spanish
+horse was ruined, and almost all killed: the rest fled, which the foot
+seeing, and that they could not possibly prevail, they discharged the
+shot they had in their muskets, and throwing them down, fled away, every
+one as he could. The pirates could not follow them, being too much
+harassed and wearied with their long journey. Many, not being able to
+fly whither they desired, hid themselves, for that present, among the
+shrubs of the sea-side, but very unfortunately; for most of them being
+found by the pirates, were instantly killed, without any quarter. Some
+religious men were brought prisoners before Captain Morgan; but he,
+being deaf to their cries, commanded them all to be pistoled, which was
+done. Soon after they brought a captain to him, whom he examined very
+strictly; particularly, wherein consisted the forces of those of Panama?
+He answered, their whole strength consisted in four hundred horse,
+twenty-four companies of foot, each one hundred men complete; sixty
+Indians, and some negroes, who were to drive two thousand wild bulls
+upon the English, and thus, by breaking their files, put them into a
+total disorder: beside, that in the city they had made trenches, and
+raised batteries in several places, in all which they had placed many
+guns; and that at the entry of the highway, leading to the city, they
+had built a fort mounted with eight great brass guns, defended by fifty
+men.
+
+Captain Morgan having heard this, gave orders instantly to march another
+way; but first he made a review of his men, whereof he found both killed
+and wounded a considerable number, and much greater than had been
+believed. Of the Spaniards were found six hundred dead on the place,
+besides the wounded and prisoners. The pirates, nothing discouraged,
+seeing their number so diminished, but rather filled with greater pride,
+perceiving what huge advantage they had obtained against their enemies,
+having rested some time, prepared to march courageously towards the
+city, plighting their oaths to one another, that they would fight till
+not a man was left alive. With this courage they recommenced their
+march, either to conquer or be conquered; carrying with them all the
+prisoners.
+
+They found much difficulty in their approach to the city, for within the
+town the Spaniards had placed many great guns, at several quarters, some
+charged with small pieces of iron, and others with musket bullets. With
+all these they saluted the pirates at their approaching, and gave them
+full and frequent broadsides, firing at them incessantly; so that
+unavoidably they lost at every step great numbers of men. But not these
+manifest dangers of their lives, nor the sight of so many as dropped
+continually at their sides, could deter them from advancing, and gaining
+ground every moment on the enemy; and though the Spaniards never ceased
+to fire, and act the best they could for their defense, yet they were
+forced to yield, after three hours' combat. And the pirates having
+possessed themselves at last of the city, killed all that attempted in
+the least to oppose them. The inhabitants had transported the best of
+their goods to more remote and secret places; howbeit, they found in the
+city several warehouses well stocked with merchandise, as well silks and
+cloths, as linen and other things of value. As soon as the first fury of
+their entrance was over, Captain Morgan assembled his men, and commanded
+them, under great penalties, not to drink or taste any wine; and the
+reason he gave for it was, because he had intelligence that it was all
+poisoned by the Spaniards. Howbeit, it was thought he gave these prudent
+orders to prevent the debauchery of his people, which he foresaw would
+be very great at the first, after so much hunger sustained by the way;
+fearing, withal, lest the Spaniards, seeing them in wine, should rally,
+and, falling on the city, use them as inhumanly as they had used the
+inhabitants before.
+
+Captain Morgan, as soon as he had placed necessary guards at several
+quarters within and without the city, commanded twenty-five men to seize
+a great boat, which had stuck in the mud of the port, for want of water,
+at a low tide. The same day about noon, he caused fire privately to be
+set to several great edifices of the city, nobody knowing who were the
+authors thereof, much less on what motives Captain Morgan did it, which
+are unknown to this day: the fire increased so, that before night the
+greatest part of the city was in a flame. Captain Morgan pretended the
+Spaniards had done it, perceiving that his own people reflected on him
+for that action. Many of the Spaniards, and some of the pirates, did
+what they could, either to quench the flames or by blowing up houses
+with gunpowder, and pulling down others to stop it, but in vain: for in
+less than half an hour it consumed a whole street. All the houses of the
+city were built with cedar, very curious and magnificent, and richly
+adorned, especially with hangings and paintings, whereof part were
+before removed, but another great part were consumed by fire.
+
+There were in this city (which is the see of a bishop) eight
+monasteries, seven for men, and one for women; two stately churches, and
+one hospital. The churches and monasteries were all richly adorned with
+altar-pieces and paintings, much gold and silver, and other precious
+things, all which the ecclesiastics had hidden. Besides which, here were
+two thousand houses of magnificent building, the greatest part inhabited
+by merchants vastly rich. For the rest of less quality, and tradesmen,
+this city contained five thousand more. Here were also many stables for
+the horses and mules that carry the plate of the king of Spain, as well
+as private men, towards the North Sea. The neighboring fields were full
+of fertile plantations and pleasant gardens, affording delicious
+prospects to the inhabitants all the year.
+
+The Genoese had in this city a stately house for their trade of negroes.
+This likewise was by Captain Morgan burnt to the very ground. Besides
+which building, there were consumed two hundred warehouses, and many
+slaves, who had hid themselves therein, with innumerable sacks of meal;
+the fire of which continued four weeks after it had begun. The greatest
+part of the pirates still encamped without the city, fearing and
+expecting the Spaniards would come and fight them anew, it being known
+they much outnumbered the pirates. This made them keep the field, to
+preserve their forces united, now much diminished by their losses. Their
+wounded, which were many, they put into one church, which remained
+standing, the rest being consumed by the fire. Besides these decreases
+of his men, Captain Morgan had sent a convoy of one hundred and fifty
+men to the castle of Chagre, to carry the news of his victory at Panama.
+
+They saw often whole troops of Spaniards run to and fro in the fields,
+which made them suspect their rallying, which they never had the courage
+to do. In the afternoon Captain Morgan reëntered the city with his
+troops, that every one might take up their lodgings, which now they
+could hardly find, few houses having escaped the fire. Then they sought
+very carefully among the ruins and ashes, for utensils of plate or gold,
+that were not quite wasted by the flames: and of such they found no
+small number, especially in wells and cisterns, where the Spaniards had
+hid them.
+
+Next day Captain Morgan dispatched away two troops, of one hundred and
+fifty men each, stout and well armed, to seek for the inhabitants who
+were escaped. These having made several excursions up and down the
+fields, woods, and mountains adjacent, returned after two days, bringing
+above two hundred prisoners, men, women, and slaves. The same day
+returned also the boat which Captain Morgan had sent to the South Sea,
+bringing three other boats which they had taken. But all these prizes
+they could willingly have given, and greater labor into the bargain, for
+one galleon, which miraculously escaped, richly laden with all the
+king's plate, jewels, and other precious goods of the best and richest
+merchants of Panama: on board which were also the religious women of the
+nunnery, who had embarked with them all the ornaments of their church,
+consisting in much gold, plate, and other things of great value.
+
+The strength of this galleon was inconsiderable, having only seven guns,
+and ten or twelve muskets, and very ill provided with victuals,
+necessaries, and fresh water, having no more sails than the uppermost of
+the mainmast. This account the pirates received from some one who had
+spoken with seven mariners belonging to the galleon, who came ashore in
+the cockboat for fresh water. Hence they concluded they might easily
+have taken it, had they given her chase, as they should have done; but
+they were impeded from following this vastly rich prize, by their
+gluttony and drunkenness, having plentifully debauched themselves with
+several rich wines they found ready, choosing rather to satiate their
+appetites than to lay hold on such huge advantage; since this one prize
+would have been of far greater value than all they got at Panama, and
+the places thereabout. Next day, repenting of their negligence, being
+weary of their vices and debaucheries, they set forth another boat, well
+armed, to pursue with all speed the said galleon; but in vain, the
+Spaniards who were on board having had intelligence of their own danger
+one or two days before, while the pirates were cruising so near them;
+whereupon they fled to places more remote and unknown.
+
+The pirates found, in the ports of the island of Tavoga and Tavogilla,
+several boats laden with very good merchandise; all which they took, and
+brought to Panama, where they made an exact relation of all that had
+passed to Captain Morgan. The prisoners confirmed what the pirates said,
+adding, that they undoubtedly knew where the galleon might then be, but
+that it was very probable they had been relieved before now from other
+places. This stirred up Captain Morgan anew, to send forth all the boats
+in the port of Panama to seek the said galleon till they could find her.
+These boats, being in all four, after eight days' cruising to and fro,
+and searching several ports and creeks, lost all hopes of finding her,
+whereupon they returned to Tavoga and Tavogilla. Here they found a
+reasonable good ship newly come from Payta, laden with cloth, soap,
+sugar, and biscuit, with 20,000 pieces-of-eight. This they instantly
+seized, without the least resistance; as also a boat which was not far
+off, on which they laded great part of the merchandises from the ship,
+with some slaves. With this spoil they returned to Panama, somewhat
+better satisfied; yet, withal, much discontented that they could not
+meet with the galleon.
+
+The convoy which Captain Morgan had sent to the castle of Chagre
+returned much about the same time, bringing with them very good news;
+for while Captain Morgan was on his journey to Panama, those he had left
+in the castle of Chagre had sent for two boats to cruise. These met with
+a Spanish ship, which they chased within sight of the castle. This being
+perceived by the pirates in the castle, they put forth Spanish colors,
+to deceive the ship that fled before the boats; and the poor Spaniards,
+thinking to take refuge under the castle, were caught in a snare, and
+made prisoners. The cargo on board the said vessel consisted in victuals
+and provisions, than which nothing could be more opportune for the
+castle, where they began already to want things of this kind.
+
+This good luck of those of Chagre caused Captain Morgan to stay longer
+at Panama, ordering several new excursions into the country round about;
+and while the pirates at Panama were upon these expeditions, those at
+Chagre were busy in piracies on the North Sea. Captain Morgan sent
+forth, daily, parties of two hundred men, to make inroads into all the
+country round about; and when one party came back, another went forth,
+who soon gathered much riches, and many prisoners. These being brought
+into the city, were put to the most exquisite tortures, to make them
+confess both other people's goods and their own. Here it happened that
+one poor wretch was found in the house of a person of quality, who had
+put on, amidst the confusion, a pair of taffety breeches of his
+master's, with a little silver key hanging out; perceiving which, they
+asked him for the cabinet of the said key. His answer was, he knew not
+what was become of it, but that finding those breeches in his master's
+house, he had made bold to wear them. Not being able to get any other
+answer, they put him on the rack, and inhumanly disjointed his arms;
+then they twisted a cord about his forehead, which they wrung so hard
+that his eyes appeared as big as eggs, and were ready to fall out. But
+with these torments not obtaining any positive answer, they hung him up
+by the wrists, giving him many blows and stripes under that intolerable
+pain and posture of body. Afterwards they cut off his nose and ears, and
+singed his face with burning straw, till he could not speak, nor lament
+his misery any longer: then, losing all hopes of any confession, they
+bade a negro to run him through, which put an end to his life, and to
+their inhuman tortures. Thus did many others of those miserable
+prisoners finish their days, the common sport and recreation of these
+pirates being such tragedies.
+
+Captain Morgan having now been at Panama full three weeks, commanded all
+things to be prepared for his departure. He ordered every company of men
+to seek so many beasts of carriage as might convey the spoil to the
+river where his canoes lay. About this time there was a great rumor,
+that a considerable number of pirates intended to leave Captain Morgan;
+and that, taking a ship then in port, they determined to go and rob on
+the South Sea, till they had got as much as they thought fit, and then
+return homewards, by way of the East Indies. For which purpose they had
+gathered much provisions, which they had hid in private places, with
+sufficient powder, bullets, and all other ammunition: likewise some
+great guns belonging to the town, muskets, and other things, wherewith
+they designed not only to equip their vessel, but to fortify themselves
+in some island which might serve them for a place of refuge.
+
+This design had certainly taken effect, had not Captain Morgan had
+timely advice of it from one of their comrades; hereupon he commanded
+the mainmast of the said ship to be cut down and burnt, with all the
+other boats in the port: hereby the intentions of all or most of his
+companions were totally frustrated. Then Captain Morgan sent many of the
+Spaniards into the adjoining fields and country to seek for money, to
+ransom not only themselves, but the rest of the prisoners, as likewise
+the ecclesiastics. Moreover, he commanded all the artillery of the town
+to be nailed and stopped up. At the same time he sent out a strong
+company of men to seek for the governor of Panama, of whom intelligence
+was brought, that he had laid several ambuscades in the way by which he
+ought to return: but they returned soon after, saying they had not found
+any sign of any such ambuscades. For confirmation whereof, they brought
+some prisoners, who declared that the said governor had had an intention
+of making some opposition by the way, but that the men designed to
+effect it were unwilling to undertake it: so that for want of means he
+could not put his design in execution.
+
+February 24, 1671, Captain Morgan departed from Panama, or rather from
+the place where the city of Panama stood; of the spoils whereof he
+carried with him one hundred and seventy-five beasts of carriage, laden
+with silver, gold, and other precious things, beside about six hundred
+prisoners, men, women, children and slaves. That day they came to a
+river that passes through a delicious plain, a league from Panama: here
+Captain Morgan put all his forces into good order, so as that the
+prisoners were in the middle, surrounded on all sides with pirates,
+where nothing else was to be heard but lamentations, cries, shrieks, and
+doleful sighs of so many women and children, who feared Captain Morgan
+designed to transport them all into his own country for slaves. Besides,
+all those miserable prisoners endured extreme hunger and thirst at that
+time, which misery Captain Morgan designedly caused them to sustain, to
+excite them to seek for money to ransom themselves, according to the tax
+he had set upon every one. Many of the women begged Captain Morgan, on
+their knees, with infinite sighs and tears, to let them return to
+Panama, there to live with their dear husbands and children in little
+huts of straw, which they would erect, seeing they had no houses till
+the rebuilding of the city. But his answer was, "He came not thither to
+hear lamentations and cries, but to seek money: therefore they ought
+first to seek out that, wherever it was to be had, and bring it to him;
+otherwise he would assuredly transport them all to such places whither
+they cared not to go."
+
+Next day, when the march began, those lamentable cries and shrieks were
+renewed, so as it would have caused compassion in the hardest heart: but
+Captain Morgan, as a man little given to mercy, was not moved in the
+least. They marched in the same order as before, one party of the
+pirates in the van, the prisoners in the middle, and the rest of the
+pirates in the rear; by whom the miserable Spaniards were at every step
+punched and thrust in their backs and sides, with the blunt ends of
+their arms, to make them march faster.
+
+A beautiful lady, wife to one of the richest merchants of Tavoga, was
+led prisoner by herself, between two pirates. Her lamentations pierced
+the skies, seeing herself carried away into captivity often crying to
+the pirates, and telling them, "That she had given orders to two
+religious persons, in whom she had relied, to go to a certain place, and
+fetch so much money as her ransom did amount to; that they had promised
+faithfully to do it, but having obtained the money, instead of bringing
+it to her, they had employed it another way, to ransom some of their
+own, and particular friends." This ill action of theirs was discovered
+by a slave, who brought a letter to the said lady. Her complaints, and
+the cause thereof, being brought to Captain Morgan, he thought fit to
+inquire thereinto. Having found it to be true--especially hearing it
+confirmed by the confession of the said religious men, though under some
+frivolous excuses of having diverted the money but for a day or two, in
+which time they expected more sums to repay it--he gave liberty to the
+said lady, whom otherwise he designed to transport to Jamaica. But he
+detained the said religious men as prisoners in her place, using them
+according to their desserts.
+
+Captain Morgan arriving at the town called Cruz, on the banks of the
+river Chagre, he published an order among the prisoners, that within
+three days every one should bring in their ransom, under the penalty of
+being transported to Jamaica. Meanwhile he gave orders for so much rice
+and maize to be collected thereabouts, as was necessary for victualing
+his ships. Here some of the prisoners were ransomed, but many others
+could not bring in their money. Hereupon he continued his voyage,
+leaving the village on the 5th of March following, carrying with him all
+the spoil he could. Hence he likewise led away some new prisoners,
+inhabitants there, with those in Panama, who had not paid their ransoms.
+But the two religious men, who had diverted the lady's money, were
+ransomed three days after by other persons, who had more compassion for
+them than they had showed for her.
+
+About the middle of the way to Chagre, Captain Morgan commanded them to
+be mustered, and caused every one to be sworn, that they had concealed
+nothing, even not to the value of sixpence. This done, Captain Morgan
+knowing those lewd fellows would not stick to swear falsely for
+interest, he commanded every one to be searched very strictly, both in
+their clothes and satchels, and elsewhere. Yea, that this order might
+not be ill taken by his companions, he permitted himself to be searched,
+even to his very shoes. To this effect, by common consent, one was
+assigned out of every company to be searchers of the rest. The French
+pirates that assisted on this expedition disliked this new practice of
+searching; but, being outnumbered by the English, they were forced to
+submit as well as the rest. The search being over, they reëmbarked, and
+arrived at the castle of Chagre on the 9th of March.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[2] From _The Buccaneers of America_.
+
+
+
+
+THE MALAY PROAS[3]
+
+JAMES FENIMORE COOPER
+
+
+We had cleared the Straits of Sunda early in the morning, and had made a
+pretty fair run in the course of the day, though most of the time in
+thick weather. Just as the sun set, however, the horizon became clear,
+and we got a sight of two small sail, seemingly heading in toward the
+coast of Sumatra, proas by their rig and dimensions. They were so
+distant, and were so evidently steering for the land, that no one gave
+them much thought, or bestowed on them any particular attention. Proas
+in that quarter were usually distrusted by ships, it is true; but the
+sea is full of them, and far more are innocent than are guilty of any
+acts of violence. Then it became dark soon after these craft were seen,
+and night shut them in. An hour after the sun had set, the wind fell to
+a light air, that just kept steerage-way on the ship. Fortunately, the
+_John_ was not only fast, but she minded her helm, as a light-footed
+girl turns in a lively dance. I never was in a better-steering ship,
+most especially in moderate weather.
+
+Mr. Marble had the middle watch that night, and, of course, I was on
+deck from midnight until four in the morning. It proved misty most of
+the watch, and for quite an hour we had a light drizzling rain. The ship
+the whole time was close-hauled, carrying royals. As everybody seemed to
+have made up his mind to a quiet night, one without any reefing or
+furling, most of the watch were sleeping about the decks, or wherever
+they could get good quarters, and be least in the way. I do not know
+what kept me awake, for lads of my age are apt to get all the sleep they
+can; but I believe I was thinking of Clawbonny, and Grace, and Lucy; for
+the latter, excellent girl as she was, often crossed my mind in those
+days of youth and comparative innocence. Awake I was, and walking in the
+weather-gangway, in a sailor's trot. Mr. Marble, he I do believe was
+fairly snoozing on the hen-coops, being, like the sails, as one might
+say, barely "asleep." At that moment I heard a noise, one familiar to
+seamen; that of an oar falling in a boat. So completely was my mind bent
+on other and distant scenes, that at first I felt no surprise, as if we
+were in a harbor surrounded by craft of various sizes, coming and going
+at all hours. But a second thought destroyed this illusion, and I looked
+eagerly about me. Directly on our weather-bow, distant, perhaps, a
+cable's length, I saw a small sail, and I could distinguish it
+sufficiently well to perceive it was a proa. I sang out "Sail ho! and
+close aboard!"
+
+Mr. Marble was on his feet in an instant. He afterward told me that when
+he opened his eyes, for he admitted this much to me in confidence, they
+fell directly on the stranger. He was too much of a seaman to require a
+second look in order to ascertain what was to be done. "Keep the ship
+away--keep her broad off!" he called out to the man at the wheel. "Lay
+the yards square--call all hands, one of you. Captain Robbins, Mr. Kite,
+bear a hand up; the bloody proas are aboard us!" The last part of this
+call was uttered in a loud voice, with the speaker's head down the
+companion-way. It was heard plainly enough below, but scarcely at all on
+deck.
+
+In the meantime everybody was in motion. It is amazing how soon sailors
+are wide awake when there is really anything to do! It appeared to me
+that all our people mustered on deck in less than a minute, most of them
+with nothing on but their shirts and trousers. The ship was nearly
+before the wind by the time I heard the captain's voice; and then Mr.
+Kite came bustling in among us forward, ordering most of the men to lay
+aft to the braces, remaining himself on the forecastle, and keeping me
+with him to let go the sheets. On the forecastle, the strange sail was
+no longer visible, being now abaft the beam; but I could hear Mr. Marble
+swearing there were two of them, and that they must be the very chaps we
+had seen to leeward, and standing in for the land at sunset. I also
+heard the captain calling out to the steward to bring him a powder-horn.
+Immediately after, orders were given to let fly all our sheets forward,
+and then I perceived that they were wearing ship. Nothing saved us but
+the prompt order of Mr. Marble to keep the ship away, by which means,
+instead of moving toward the proas, we instantly began to move from
+them. Although they went three feet to our two, this gave us a moment of
+breathing time.
+
+As our sheets were all flying forward, and remained so for a few
+minutes, it gave me leisure to look about. I soon saw both proas, and
+glad enough was I to perceive that they had not approached materially
+nearer. Mr. Kite observed this also, and remarked that our movements had
+been so prompt as to "take the rascals aback." He meant they did not
+exactly know what we were at, and had not kept away with us.
+
+At this instant, the captain and five or six of the oldest seamen began
+to cast loose all our starboard, or weather guns, four in all, and
+sixes. We had loaded these guns in the Straits of Banca, with grape and
+canister, in readiness for just such pirates as were now coming down
+upon us; and nothing was wanting but the priming and a hot loggerhead.
+It seems two of the last had been ordered in the fire, when we saw the
+proas at sunset; and they were now in excellent condition for service,
+live coals being kept around them all night by command. I saw a cluster
+of men busy with the second gun from forward, and could distinguish the
+captain pointing to it.
+
+"There cannot well be any mistake, Mr. Marble?" the captain observed,
+hesitating whether to fire or not.
+
+"Mistake, sir? Lord, Captain Robbins, you might cannonade any of the
+islands astern for a week, and never hurt an honest man. Let 'em have
+it, sir; I'll answer for it, you do good."
+
+This settled the matter. The loggerhead was applied, and one of our
+sixes spoke out in a smart report. A breathless stillness succeeded. The
+proas did not alter their course, but neared us fast. The captain
+levelled his night-glass, and I heard him tell Kite, in a low voice,
+that they were full of men. The word was now passed to clear away all
+the guns, and to open the arm-chest, to come at the muskets and pistols.
+I heard the rattling of the boarding-pikes, too, as they were cut adrift
+from the spanker-boom, and fell upon the decks. All this sounded very
+ominous, and I began to think we should have a desperate engagement
+first, and then have all our throats cut afterward.
+
+I expected now to hear the guns discharged in quick succession, but they
+were got ready only, not fired. Kite went aft, and returned with three
+or four muskets, and as many pikes. He gave the latter to those of the
+people who had nothing to do with the guns. By this time the ship was
+on a wind, steering a good full, while the two proas were just abeam,
+and closing fast. The stillness that reigned on both sides was like that
+of death. The proas, however, fell a little more astern; the result of
+their own manœuvering, out of all doubt, as they moved through the water
+much faster than the ship, seeming desirous of dropping into our wake,
+with a design of closing under our stern, and avoiding our broadside. As
+this would never do, and the wind freshened so as to give us four or
+five knot way, a most fortunate circumstance for us, the captain
+determined to tack while he had room. The _John_ behaved beautifully,
+and came round like a top. The proas saw there was no time to lose, and
+attempted to close before we could fill again; and this they would have
+done with ninety-nine ships in a hundred. The captain knew his vessel,
+however, and did not let her lose her way, making everything draw again
+as it might be by instinct. The proas tacked, too, and, laying up much
+nearer to the wind than we did, appeared as if about to close on our
+lee-bow. The question was, now, whether we could pass them or not before
+they got near enough to grapple. If the pirates got on board us, we were
+hopelessly gone; and everything depended on coolness and judgment. The
+captain behaved perfectly well in this critical instant, commanding a
+dead silence, and the closest attention to his orders.
+
+I was too much interested at this moment to feel the concern that I
+might otherwise have experienced. On the forecastle, it appeared to us
+all that we should be boarded in a minute, for one of the proas was
+actually within a hundred feet, though losing her advantage a little by
+getting under the lee of our sails. Kite had ordered us to muster
+forward of the rigging, to meet the expected leap with a discharge of
+muskets, and then to present our pikes, when I felt an arm thrown around
+my body, and was turned inboard, while another person assumed my place.
+This was Neb, who had thus coolly thrust himself before me, in order to
+meet the danger first. I felt vexed, even while touched with the
+fellow's attachment and self-devotion, but had no time to betray either
+feeling before the crews of the proas gave a yell, and discharged some
+fifty or sixty matchlocks at us. The air was full of bullets, but they
+all went over our heads. Not a soul on board the _John_ was hurt. On our
+side, we gave the gentlemen the four sixes, two at the nearest and two
+at the stern-most proa, which was still near a cable's length distant.
+As often happens, the one seemingly farthest from danger, fared the
+worst. Our grape and canister had room to scatter, and I can at this
+distant day still hear the shrieks that arose from that craft! They were
+like the yells of fiends in anguish. The effect on that proa was
+instantaneous; instead of keeping on after her consort, she wore short
+round on her heel, and stood away in our wake, on the other tack,
+apparently to get out of the range of our fire.
+
+I doubt if we touched a man in the nearest proa. At any rate, no noise
+proceeded from her, and she came up under our bows fast. As every gun
+was discharged, and there was not time to load them, all now depended on
+repelling the boarders. Part of our people mustered in the waist, where
+it was expected the proa would fall alongside, and part on the
+forecastle. Just as this distribution was made, the pirates cast their
+grapnel. It was admirably thrown, but caught only by a ratlin. I saw
+this, and was about to jump into the rigging to try what I could do to
+clear it, when Neb again went ahead of me, and cut the ratlin with his
+knife. This was just as the pirates had abandoned sails and oars, and
+had risen to haul up alongside. So sudden was the release, that twenty
+of them fell over by their own efforts. In this state the ship passed
+ahead, all her canvas being full, leaving the proa motionless in her
+wake. In passing, however, the two vessels were so near, that those aft
+in the _John_ distinctly saw the swarthy faces of their enemies.
+
+We were no sooner clear of the proas than the order was given, "Ready
+about!" The helm was put down, and the ship came into the wind in a
+minute. As we came square with the two proas, all our larboard guns were
+given to them, and this ended the affair. I think the nearest of the
+rascals got it this time, for away she went, after her consort, both
+running off toward the islands. We made a little show of chasing, but it
+was only a feint; for we were too glad to get away from them, to be in
+earnest. In ten minutes after we tacked the last time, we ceased firing,
+having thrown some eight or ten round-shot after the proas, and were
+close-hauled again, heading to the southwest.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[3] From _Afloat and Ashore_.
+
+
+
+
+THE WONDERFUL FIGHT OF THE _EXCHANGE_ OF BRISTOL WITH THE PIRATES OF
+ALGIERS[4]
+
+SAMUEL PURCHAS
+
+
+In the yeere 1621, the first of November, there was one _Iohn Rawlins_,
+borne in _Rochester_, and dwelling three and twenty yeere in _Plimmoth_,
+imployed to the Strait of _Gibraltar_, by Master _Richard_, and _Steven
+Treviles_, Merchants of Plimmoth, and fraighted in a Barke, called the
+_Nicholas_ of _Plimmoth_, of the burden of forty Tun, which had also in
+her company another ship of _Plimmoth_, called the _George Benaventure_
+of seventy Tun burthen, or thereabouts; which by reason of her
+greatnesse beyond the other, I will name the _Admirall_; and _Iohn
+Rawlins_ Barke shall, if you please, be the _Vice-admirall_. These two
+according to the time of the yeere, had a faire passage, and by the
+eighteenth of the same moneth came to a place at the entring of the
+straits, named _Trafflegar_: but the next morning, being in the sight of
+_Gibraltar_, at the very mouth of the straits, the watch descried five
+saile of ships, who as it seemed, used all the means they could to come
+neere us, and we as we had cause, used the same means to go as farre
+from them: yet did their _Admirall_ take in both his top sailes, that
+either we might not suspect them, or that his owne company might come up
+the closer together. At last perceiving us _Christians_, they fell from
+devices to apparent discovery of hostility, and making out against us:
+we againe suspecting them Pirats, tooke our course to escape from them,
+and made all the sailes we possibly could for _Tirriff_, or _Gibraltar_:
+but all we could doe, could not prevent their approach. For suddenly one
+of them came right over against us to wind-ward, and so fell upon our
+quarter: another came upon our luffe, and so threatened us there, and at
+last all five chased us, making great speed to surprise us.
+
+Their _Admirall_ was called _Callfater_, having upon her maine
+top-saile, two top-gallant sailes, one above another. But whereas we
+thought them all five to be _Turkish_ ships of war, we afterwards
+understood, that two of them were their prizes, the one a smal ship of
+_London_, the other of the West-countrey, that came out of the
+_Quactath_ laden with figges, and other Merchandise, but now subiect to
+the fortune of the Sea, and the captivity of Pirats. But to our
+businesse. Three of these ships got much upon us, and so much that ere
+halfe the day was spent, the _Admirall_ who was the best sailer, fetcht
+up the _George Bonaventure_, and made booty of it. The _Vice-Admirall_
+againe being neerest unto the lesser Barke, whereof _Iohn Rawlins_ was
+Master, shewed him the force of a stronger arme, and by his _Turkish_
+name, called _Villa-Rise_, commanded him in like sort to strike his
+sailes, and submit to his mercy, which not to be gaine-saied nor
+prevented, was quickly done: and so _Rawlins_ with his Barke was quickly
+taken, although the _Reare-Admirall_ being the worst sayler of the
+three, called _Reggiprise_, came not in, till all was done.
+
+The same day before night, the _Admirall_ either loth to pester himselfe
+with too much company, or ignorant of the commodity that was to be made
+by the sale of _English_ prisoners, or daring not to trust them in his
+company, for feare of mutinies, and exciting others to rebellion; set
+twelve persons who were in the _George Bonaventure_ on the land, and
+divers other _English_, whom he had taken before, to trie their fortunes
+in an unknowne Countrey. But _Villa-Rise_, the _Vice-Admirall_ that had
+taken _Iohn Rawlins_, would not so dispence with his men, but commanded
+him and five more of his company to be brought aboord his ship, leaving
+in his Barke three men and his boy, with thirteene _Turkes_ and
+_Moores_, who were questionlesse sufficient to over-master the other,
+and direct the Barke to Harbour. Thus they sailed directly for _Algier_;
+but the night following, followed them with great tempest and foule
+weather, which ended not without some effect of a storme: for they lost
+the sight of _Rawlins_ Barke, called the _Nicholas_, and in a manner
+lost themselves, though they seemed safe a shipboord, by fearefull
+coniecturing what should become of us: at last, by the two and twentieth
+of the same moneth, they, or we (chuse you whether) arrived at _Algier_,
+and came in safety within the Mould, but found not our other Barke
+there; nay, though we earnestly inquired after the same, yet heard we
+nothing to our satisfaction; but much matter was ministred to our
+discomfort and amazement. For although the Captaine and our over-seers,
+were loth we should have any conference with our Country-men; yet did we
+adventure to informe ourselves of the present affaires, both of the
+Towne, and the shipping: so that finding many _English_ at worke in
+other ships, they spared not to tell us the danger we were in, and the
+mischiefes we must needs incurre, as being sure if we were not used like
+slaves, to be sold as slaves; for there had beene five hundred brought
+into the market for the same purpose, and above a hundred hansome youths
+compelled to turne _Turkes_, or made subiect to more viler prostitution,
+and all _English_: yet like good _Christians_, they bade us be of good
+cheere, and comfort ourselves in this, that Gods trials were gentle
+purgations, and these crosses were but to cleanse the drosse from the
+gold, and bring us out of the fire againe more cleare and lovely. Yet I
+must needs confesse, that they afforded us reason for this cruelty, as
+if they determined to be revenged of our last attempt to fire their
+ships in the Mould, and therefore protested to spare none whom they
+could surprise and take alive; but either to sell them for money, or
+torment them to serve their owne turnes. Now their customes and usages
+in both these was in this manner.
+
+First, concerning the first. The _Bashaw_ had the over-seeing of all
+prisoners, who were presented unto him at their first comming into the
+harbour, and to choose one out of every eight for a present or fee to
+himselfe: the rest were rated by the Captaines, and so sent to the
+Market to be sold; whereat if either there were repining, or any drawing
+backe, then certaine _Moores_ and Officers attended either to beate you
+forward, or thrust you into the sides with Goades; and this was the
+manner of the selling of Slaves.
+
+Secondly, concerning their enforcing them, either to turne _Turke_, or
+to attend their filthines and impieties, although it would make a
+Christians heart bleed to heare of the same, yet must the truth not be
+hid, nor the terror left untold. They commonly lay them on their naked
+backs or bellies, beating them so long, till they bleed at the nose and
+mouth; and if yet they continue constant, then they strike the teeth out
+of their heads, pinch them by their tongues, and use many other sorts of
+tortures to convert them; nay, many times they lay them their whole
+length in the ground like a grave, and so cover them with boords,
+threatening to starve them, if they will not turne; and so many even for
+feare of torment and death, make their tongues betray their hearts to a
+most fearefull wickednesse, and so are circumcised with new names, and
+brought to confesse a new Religion. Others againe, I must confesse, who
+never knew any God, but their own sensuall lusts and pleasures, thought
+that any religion would serve their turnes, and so for preferment or
+wealth very voluntarily renounced their faith, and became _Renegadoes_
+in despight of any counsell which seemed to intercept them: and this was
+the first newes wee encountred with at our comming first to _Algier_.
+
+The 26. of the same moneth, _Iohn Rawlins_ his Barke, with his other
+three men and a boy, came safe into the Mould, and so were put all
+together to be carried before the _Bashaw_, but that they tooke the
+Owners servant, and _Rawlins_ Boy, and by force and torment compelled
+them to turne _Turkes_: then were they in all seven _English_, besides
+_Iohn Rawlins_, of whom the _Bashaw_ tooke one, and sent the rest to
+their Captaines, who set a valuation upon them, and so the Souldiers
+hurried us like dogs into the Market, whereas men sell Hacknies in
+_England_. We were tossed up and downe to see who would give most for
+us; and although we had heavy hearts, and looked with sad countenances,
+yet many came to behold us, sometimes taking us by the hand, sometimes
+turning us round about, sometimes feeling our brawnes and naked armes,
+and so beholding our prices written on our breasts, they bargained for
+us accordingly, and at last we were all sold, and the Souldiers
+returned with the money to their Captaines.
+
+_Iohn Rawlins_ was the last who was sold, by reason of his lame hand,
+and bought by the Captaine that tooke him, even that dog _Villa Rise_,
+who better informing himselfe of his skill fit to be a Pilot, and his
+experience to bee an over-seer, bought him and his Carpenter at very
+easie rates. For as we afterwards understood by divers _English
+Renegadoes_, he paid for _Rawlins_ but one hundred and fiftie Dooblets,
+which make of _English_ money seven pound ten shilling. Thus was he and
+his Carpenter with divers other slaves sent into his ship to worke, and
+imployed about such affaires, as belonged to the well rigging and
+preparing the same. But the villanous _Turkes_ perceiving his lame hand,
+and that he could not performe so much as other Slaves, quickly
+complained to their Patron, who as quickly apprehended the
+inconvenience; whereupon hee sent for him the next day, and told him he
+was unserviceable for his present purpose, and therefore unlesse he
+could procure fifteene pound of the _English_ there for his ransome, he
+would send him up into the Countrey, where he should never see
+_Christendome_ againe, and endure the extremity of a miserable
+banishment.
+
+But see how God worketh all for the best for his servants, and
+confounded the presumption of Tyrants, frustrating their purposes, to
+make his wonders knowne to the sonnes of men, and releeves his people,
+when they least thinke of succour and releasement. Whilest _Iohn
+Rawlins_ was thus terrified with the dogged answere of _Villa Rise_, the
+_Exchange_ of _Bristow_,[5] a ship formerly surprised by the Pirats, lay
+all unrigged in the Harbour, till at last one _Iohn Goodale_, an
+_English Turke_, with his confederates, understanding shee was a good
+sailer, and might be made a proper Man of Warre, bought her from the
+_Turkes_ that tooke her, and prepared her for their owne purpose. Now
+the _Captaine_ that set them at worke, was also an _English Renegado_,
+by the name of _Rammetham Rise_, but by his Christian name _Henrie
+Chandler_, who resolved to make _Goodale_ Master over her; and because
+they were both _English Turkes_, having the command notwithstanding of
+many _Turkes_ and _Moores_, they concluded to have all _English_ slaves
+to goe in her, and for their Gunners, _English_ and _Dutch Renegadoes_,
+and so they agreed with the Patrons of nine _English_ and one _French_
+Slave for their ransoms, who were presently imployed to rig and furnish
+the ship for a Man of Warre, and while they were thus busied, two of
+_Iohn Rawlins_ men, who were taken with him, were also taken up to serve
+in this Man of Warre, their names, _Iames Roe_, and _Iohn Davies_, the
+one dwelling in _Plimmoth_, and the other in _Foy_, where the Commander
+of this ship was also borne, by which occasion they came acquainted, so
+that both the Captaine, and the Master promised them good usage, upon
+the good service they should performe in the voyage, and withall
+demanded of them, if they knew of any _Englishman_ to be bought, that
+could serve as a Pilot, both to direct them out of Harbour, and conduct
+them in their voyage. For in truth neither was the Captaine a Mariner,
+nor any _Turke_ in her of sufficiency to dispose of her through the
+Straites in securitie, nor oppose any enemie, that should hold it out
+bravely against them. _Davies_ quickly replied, that as farre as he
+understood, _Villa Rise_ would sell _Iohn Rawlins_ his Master, and
+Commander of the Barke which was taken, a man every way sufficient for
+Sea affaires, being of great resolution and good experience; and for all
+he had a lame hand, yet had he a sound heart and noble courage for any
+attempt or adventure.
+
+When the Captaine understood thus much, he imployed _Davies_ to search
+for Rawlins, who at last lighting upon him, asked him if the _Turke_
+would sell him: _Rawlins_ suddenly answered, that by reason of his lame
+hand he was willing to part with him; but because he had disbursed money
+for him, he would gaine something by him, and so prized him at three
+hundred Dooblets, which amounteth to fifteene pound _English_; which he
+must procure, or incurre sorer indurances. When _Davies_ had certified
+this much, the _Turkes_ a ship-boord conferred about the matter, and the
+Master whose Christen name was _Iohn Goodale_ joyned with two _Turkes_,
+who were consorted with him, and disbursed one hundred Dooblets a
+piece, and so bought him of _Villa Rise_, sending him into the said
+ship, called the _Exchange_ of _Bristow_, as well to supervise what had
+been done, as to order what was left undone, but especially to fit the
+sailes, and to accommodate the ship, all which _Rawlins_ was very
+carefull and dilligent in, not yet thinking of any peculiar plot of
+deliverance, more than a generall desire to be freed from this _Turkish_
+slaverie, and inhumane abuses.
+
+By the seventh of Januarie, the ship was prepared with twelve good cast
+Pieces, and all manner of munition and provision, which belonged to such
+a purpose, and the same day haled out of the Mould of _Algier_, with
+this company, and in this manner.
+
+There were in her sixtie three _Turkes_ and _Moores_, nine _English_
+slaves, and one _French_, foure _Hollanders_ that were free men, to whom
+the _Turkes_ promised one prise or other, and so to returne to Holland;
+or if they were disposed to goe backe againe for _Algier_, they should
+have great reward and no enforcement offered, but continue as they
+would, both their religion and their customes: and for their Gunners
+they had two of our Souldiers, one _English_ and one _Dutch_ Renegado;
+and thus much for the companie. For the manner of setting out, it was as
+usuall as in other ships, but that the _Turkes_ delighted in the
+ostentous braverie of their Streamers, Banners, and Top-sayles; the ship
+being a handsome ship, and well built for any purpose. The Slaves and
+_English_ were imployed under Hatches about the Ordnance, and other
+workes of order, and accommodating themselves: all which _Iohn Rawlins_
+marked, as supposing it an intolerable slaverie to take such paines, and
+be subiect to such dangers, and still to enrich other men and maintaine
+their voluptuous filthinesse and lives, returning _themselves_ as
+Slaves, and living worse than their Dogs amongst them. Whereupon hee
+burst out into these, or the like abrupt speeches: "Oh Hellish slaverie
+to be thus subiect to Dogs! Oh, God strengthen my heart and hand, that
+something shall be done to ease us of these mischiefs, and deliver us
+from these cruell _Mahumetan_ Dogs." The other Slaves pittying his
+distraction (as they thought) bad him speake softly, lest they should
+all fare the worse for his distemperature. "The worse (quoth _Rawlins_)
+what can be worse? I will either attempt my deliverance at one time, or
+another, or perish in the enterprise: but if you would be contented to
+hearken after a release, and joyne with me in the action, I would not
+doubt of facilitating the same, and shew you a way to make your credits
+thrive by some worke of amazement, and augment your glorie in purchasing
+your libertie." "I prethee be quiet (said they againe) and think not of
+impossibilities: yet if you can but open such a doore of reason and
+probabilitie, that we be not condemned for desperate and distracted
+persons, in pulling the Sunne as it were out of the Firmament, wee can
+but sacrifice our lives, and you may be sure of secrecie and
+faithfulnesse."
+
+The fifteenth of Januarie, the morning water brought us neere _Cape de
+Gatt_, hard by the shoare, we having in our companie a smal _Turkish_
+ship of Warre, that followed us out of _Algier_ the next day, and now
+ioyning with us, gave us notice of seven small vessels, sixe of them
+being _Sallees_, and one _Pollack_, who very quickly appeared in sight,
+and so we made toward them: but having more advantage of the _Pollack_,
+then the rest, and loth to lose all, we both fetcht her up, and brought
+her past hope of recoverie, which when she perceived, rather then she
+would voluntarily come into the slaverie of these _Mahumetans_, she ran
+her selfe a shoare, and so all the men forsooke her. We still followed
+as neere as we durst, and for feare of splitting, let fall our anchors,
+sending out both our boates, wherein were many Musketeers, and some
+_English_ and _Dutch_ Renegadoes, who came aboord home at their _Conge_,
+and found three pieces of Ordnance, and foure Murtherers: but they
+straightway threw them all over-boord to lighten the ship, and so they
+got her off, being laden with Hides, and Logwood for dying, and
+presently sent her to _Algier_, taking nine _Turkes_, and one _English_
+Slave, out of one ship, and six out of the lesse, which we thought
+sufficient to man her.
+
+In the rifling of this _Catelaynia_, our _Turkes_ fell at variance one
+with another, and in such a manner, that we divided our selves, the
+lesser ship returned to _Algier_, and our _Exchange_ tooke the
+opportunitie of the wind, and plyed out of the Streights, which
+reioyced _Iohn Rawlins_ very much, as resolving on some Stratageme, when
+opportunities should serve. In the meane-while, the _Turkes_ began to
+murmurre, and would not willingly goe into the _Marr Granada_, as the
+phrase is amongst them: notwithstanding the _Moores_ being very
+_superstitious_, were contented to be directed by their _Hoshea_, who
+with us, signifieth a Witch, and is of great account and reputation
+amongst them, as not going in any great Vessell to Sea without one, and
+observing whatsoever he concludeth out of his Divination. The Ceremonies
+they use are many, and when they come into the Ocean, every second or
+third night they make their Conjuration; it beginneth and endeth with
+Prayer, using many Characters, and calling upon God by divers names: yet
+at this time, all that they did consisted in these particulars.
+
+Upon the sight of two great ships, and as wee were afraid of their
+chasing us, they beeing supposed to bee _Spanish_ men of Warre, a great
+silence is commanded in the ship, and when all is done, the company
+giveth as great a skreech; the Captaine comming to _John Rawlins_, and
+sometimes making him take in all his sayles, and sometimes causing him
+to hoyst them all out, as the Witch findeth by his Booke, and presages;
+then have they two Arrowes, and a Curtleaxe, lying upon a Pillow naked;
+the Arrowes are one for the Turkes, and the other for the Christians;
+then the Witch readeth, and the Captaine or some other taketh the
+Arrowes in their hand by the heads, and if the Arrow for the Christians
+commeth over the head of the Arrow for the _Turkes_, then doe they
+advance their sayles, and will not endure the fight, whatsoever they
+see: but if the Arrow of the _Turkes_ is found in the opening of the
+hand upon the Arrow of the Christians, then will they stay and encounter
+with any shippe whatsoever. The Curtleaxe is taken up by some Childe,
+that is innocent, or rather ignorant of the Ceremonie, and so layd downe
+againe; then doe they observe, whether the same side is uppermost, which
+lay before, and so proceed accordingly.
+
+They also observe Lunatickes and Changelings, and the Coniurer writeth
+downe their Sayings in a Booke, groveling on the ground, as if he
+whispered to the Devil to tell him the truth, and so expoundeth the
+Letter, as it were by inspiration. Many other foolish Rites they have,
+whereupon they doe dote as foolishly.
+
+Whilest he was busied, and made demonstration that all was finished, the
+people in the ship gave a great shout, and cryed out, "a sayle, a
+sayle," which at last was discovered to bee another man of Warre of
+_Turkes_. For he made toward us, and sent his Boat aboord us, to whom
+our Captain complained, that being becalmed by the Southerne Cape, and
+having made no Voyage, the _Turkes_ denyed to goe any further Northward:
+but the Captaine resolved not to returne to _Algier_, except he could
+obtayne some Prize worthy his endurances, but rather to goe to _Salle_,
+and tell his Christians to victuall his ship; which the other Captaine
+apprehended for his honour, and so perswaded the _Turkes_ to be obedient
+unto him; whereupon followed a pacification amongst us, and so that
+_Turke_ tooke his course for the Streights, and wee put up Northward,
+expecting the good houre of some beneficiall bootie.
+
+All this while our slavery continued, and the _Turkes_ with insulting
+tyrannie set us still on worke in all base and servile actions, adding
+stripes and inhumane revilings, even in our greatest labour, whereupon
+_Iohn Rawlins_ resolved to obtane his libertie, and surprize the ship;
+providing Ropes with broad spikes of Iron, and all the Iron Crowes, with
+which hee knew a way, upon consent of the rest, to ramme up or tye fast
+their Scuttels, Gratings, and Cabbins, yea, to shut up the Captaine
+himselfe with all his consorts, and so to handle the matter, that upon
+the watch-word given, the _English_ being Masters of the Gunner roome,
+Ordnance, and Powder, they would eyther blow them into the Ayre, or kill
+them as they adventured to come downe one by one, if they should by any
+chance open their Cabbins. But because hee would proceed the better in
+his enterprise, as he had somewhat abruptly discovered himselfe to the
+nine _English_ slaves, so he kept the same distance with the foure
+_Hollanders_, that were free men, till finding them comming somewhat
+toward them, he acquainted them with the whole Conspiracie, and they
+affecting the Plot, offered the adventure of their lives in the
+businesse. Then very warily he undermined the _English_ Renegado, which
+was the Gunner, and three more his Associats, who at first seemed to
+retract. Last of all were brought in the _Dutch_ Renegadoes, who were
+also in the Gunner roome, for alwayes there lay twelve there, five
+Christians, and seven _English_, and _Dutch Turkes_: so that when
+another motion had settled their resolutions, and _Iohn Rawlins_ his
+constancie had put new life as it were in the matter, the foure
+_Hollanders_ very honestly, according to their promise, sounded the
+_Dutch_ Renegadoes, who with easie perswasion gave their consent to so
+brave an Enterprize; whereupon _Iohn Rawlins_, not caring whether the
+_English_ Gunners would yeeld or no, resolved in the Captaines morning
+watch, to make the attempt. But you must understand that where the
+_English_ slaves lay, there hung up alwayes foure or five Crowes of
+Iron, being still under the carriages of the Peeces, and when the time
+approached being very darke, because _Iohn Rawlins_ would have his Crow
+of Iron ready as other things were, and other men prepared in their
+severall places, in taking it out of the carriage, by chance, it hit on
+the side of the Peece, making such a noyse, that the Souldiers hearing
+it awaked the _Turkes_, and bade them come downe: whereupon the Botesane
+of the _Turkes_ descended with a Candle, and presently searched all the
+slaves places, making much adoe of the matter, but finding neyther
+Hatchet nor Hammer, nor any thing else to move suspicion of the
+Enterprize, more then the Crow of Iron, which lay slipped downe under
+the carriages of the Peeces, they went quietly up againe, and certified
+the Captaine what had chanced, who satisfied himselfe, that it was a
+common thing to have a Crow of Iron slip from its place. But by this
+occasion wee made stay of our attempt, yet were resolved to take another
+or a better oportunitie.
+
+For we sayled still more North-ward, and _Rawlins_ had more time to
+tamper with his Gunners, and the rest of the _English_ Renegadoes, who
+very willingly, when they considered the matter, and perpended the
+reasons, gave way unto the Proiect, and with a kind of joy seemed to
+entertayne the motives: only they made a stop at the first on-set, who
+should begin the enterprize, which was no way fit for them to doe,
+because they were no slaves, but Renegadoes, and so had always
+beneficiall entertaynment amongst them. But when it is once put in
+practice, they would be sure not to faile them, but venture their lives
+for God and their Countrey. But once againe he is disappointed, and a
+suspitious accident brought him to recollect his spirits anew, and
+studie on the danger of the enterprize, and thus it was. After the
+Renegado Gunner, had protested secrecie by all that might induce a man
+to bestow some beliefe upon him, he presently went up the Scottle, but
+stayed not aloft a quarter of an houre; nay he came sooner down, & in
+the Gunner roome sate by _Rawlins_, who tarryed for him where he left
+him: he was no sooner placed, and entred into some conference, but there
+entred into the place a furious _Turke_, with his Knife drawne, and
+presented it to _Rawlins_ his body, who verily supposed, he intended to
+kill him, as suspitious that the Gunner had discovered something,
+whereat _Rawlins_ was much moved, and hastily asked what the matter
+meant, and whether he would kill him, observing his companion's
+countenance to change colour, whereby his suspitious heart, condemned
+him for a Traytor: but at more leisure he sware the contrary, and
+afterward proved faithfull and industrious in the enterprize. For the
+present, he answered _Rawlins_ in this manner, "no Master, be not
+afraid, I thinke hee doth but _iest_." With that _John Rawlins_ gave
+backe a little and drew out his Knife, stepping also to the Gunners
+sheath and taking out his, whereby he had two Knives to one, which when
+the _Turke_ perceived, he threw downe his Knife, saying, hee did but
+iest with him. But when the Gunner perceived, _Rawlins_ tooke it so ill,
+hee whispered something in his eare, that at last satisfied him, calling
+Heaven to witnesse, that he never spake word of the Enterprize, nor ever
+would, either to the preiudice of the businesse, or danger of his
+person. Notwithstanding, _Rawlins_ kept the Knives in his sleeve all
+night, and was somewhat troubled, for that hee had made so many
+acquainted with an action of such importance; but the next day, when hee
+perceived the Coast cleere, and that there was no cause of further
+feare, hee somewhat comforted himselfe.
+
+All this while, _Rawlins_ drew the Captaine to lye for the Northerne
+Cape, assuring him, that thereby he should not misse a prize, which
+accordingly fell out, as a wish would have it: but his drift was in
+truth to draw him from any supply, or help of _Turkes_, if God should
+give way to their Enterprize, or successe to the victorie: yet for the
+present the sixth of February, being twelve leagues from the Cape, wee
+descryed a sayle, and presently took the advantage of the wind in
+chasing her, and at last fetched her up, making her strike all her
+sayles, whereby wee knew her to be a Barke belonging to _Tor Bay_, neere
+_Dartmouth_, that came from _Auerure_ laden with Salt. Ere we had fully
+dispatched, it chanced to be foule weather, so that we could not, or at
+least _would not_ make out our Boat, but caused the Master of the Barke
+to let downe his, and come aboord with his Company, being in the Barke
+but nine men, and one Boy; and so the Master leaving his Mate with two
+men in the ship, came himselfe with five men, and the boy unto us,
+whereupon our _Turkish_ Captain sent ten _Turkes_ to man her, amongst
+whom were two _Dutch_, and one English Renegado, who were of our
+confederacie, and acquainted with the businesse.
+
+But when _Rawlins_ saw this partition of his friends; before they could
+hoyst out their Boat for the Barke, he made meanes to speake with them,
+and told them plainly, that he would prosecute the matter eyther that
+night, or the next and therefore whatsoever came of it they should
+acquaint the _English_ with his resolution, and make toward _England_,
+bearing up the helme, whiles the _Turkes_ slept, and suspected no such
+matter: for by Gods grace in his first watch about mid-night, he would
+shew them a light, by which they might understand, that the Enterprize
+was begunne, or at least in a good forwardnesse for the execution: and
+so the Boat was let downe, and they came to the Barke of _Tor Bay_,
+where the Masters Mate beeing left (as before you have heard)
+apprehended quickly the matter, and heard the Discourse with amazement.
+But time was precious, and not to be spent in disputing, or casting of
+doubts, whether the _Turkes_ that were with them were able to master
+them, or no, beeing seven to sixe, considering they had the helme of the
+ship, and the _Turkes_ being Souldiers, and ignorant of Sea Affaires,
+could not discover, whether they went to _Algier_ or no; or if they did,
+they resolved by _Rawlins_ example to cut their throats, or cast them
+over-boord: and so I leave them to make use of the Renegadoes
+instructions, and returne to _Rawlins_ againe.
+
+The Master of the Barke of _Tor Bay_, and his Company were quickly
+searched, and as quickly pillaged, and dismissed to the libertie of the
+shippe, whereby _Rawlins_ had leisure to entertayne him with the
+lamentable newes of their extremities, and in a word, of every
+particular which was befitting to the purpose: yea, he told him, that
+that night he should lose the sight of them, for they would make the
+helme for _England_ and hee would that night and evermore pray for their
+good successe, and safe deliverance.
+
+When the Master of the Barke of _Tor Bay_ had heard him out, and that
+his company were partakers of his Storie, they became all silent, not
+eyther diffident of his Discourse, or afraid of the attempt, but
+resolved to assist him. Yet to shew himselfe an understanding man, hee
+demanded of _Rawlins_, what weapons he had, and in what manner he would
+execute the businesse: to which he answered, that he had Ropes, and Iron
+Hookes to make fast the Scottels, Gratings, and Cabbines, he had also in
+the Gunner roome two Curtleaxes, and the slaves had five Crowes of Iron
+before them: Besides, in the scuffling they made no question of some of
+the Souldiers weapons. Then for the manner, hee told them, they were
+sure of the Ordnance, the Gunner roome, and the Powder, and so blocking
+them up, would eyther kill them as they came downe, or turne the
+Ordnance against their Cabbins, or blow them into the Ayre by one
+Strategeme or other; and thus were they contented on all sides, and
+resolved to the Enterprize.
+
+The next morning, being the seventh of February, the Prize of _Tor Bay_
+was not to bee seene or found, whereat the Captaine began to storme and
+sweare, commanding _Rawlins_ to search the Seas up and downe for her,
+who bestowed all that day in the businesse, but to little purpose:
+whereupon when the humour was spent, the Captaine pacified himselfe, as
+conceiting he should sure find her at _Algier_: but by the permission of
+the Ruler of all actions, that _Algier_ was England, and all his
+wickednesse frustrated: for _Rawlins_ beeing now startled, lest hee
+should returne in this humour for the Streights, on the eight of
+February went downe into the hold, and finding a great deale of water
+below, told the Captaine of the same, adding, that it did not come to
+the Pumpe, which he said very politickly, that he might remove the
+Ordnance. For when the Captaine askt him the reason, he told him the
+ship was too farre after the head: then hee commanded to use the best
+meanes he could to bring her in order: "sure then," quoth _Rawlins_,
+"wee must quit our Cables, and bring foure Peeces of Ordnance after, and
+that would bring the water to the Pumpe;" which was presently put in
+practice, so the Peeces beeing usually made fast thwart the ship, we
+brought two of them with their mouthes right before the Binnacle, and
+because the Renegadoe _Flemmings_ would not begin, it was thus
+concluded: that the ship having three Deckes, wee that did belong to the
+Gunner roome should bee all there, and breake up the lower Decke. The
+_English_ slaves, who always lay in the middle Decks, should doe the
+like, and watch the Scuttels: _Rawlins_ himselfe prevayled with the
+Gunner, for so much Powder, as should prime the Peeces, and so told them
+all there was no better watch-word, nor meanes to begin, then upon the
+report of the Peece to make a cry and shout, for God, and King _Iames_,
+and Saint _George_ for _England_!
+
+When all things were prepared, and every man resolved, as knowing what
+hee had to doe, and the houre when it should happen, to be two in the
+afternoone, _Rawlins_ advised the Master Gunner to speake to the
+Captaine, that the Souldiers might attend on the Poope, which would
+bring the ship after: to which the Captaine was very willing, and upon
+the Gunners information, the Souldiers gat themselves to the Poope, to
+the number of twentie, and five or sixe went into the Captaines Cabbin,
+where always lay divers Curtleaxes, and some Targets, and so wee fell to
+worke to pumpe the water, and carryed the matter fairely till the next
+day, which was spent as the former, being the ninth of February, and as
+God must have the prayse, the triumph of our victorie.
+
+For by that time all things were prepared, and the Souldiers got upon
+the Poope as the day before: to avoid suspition, all that did belong to
+the Gunner-roome went downe, and the slaves in the middle decke attended
+their business, so that we could cast up our account in this manner.
+First, nine _English_ slaves, besides _Iohn Rawlins_: five of the _Tor
+Bay_ men, and one boy, foure _English_ Renegadoes, and two _French_,
+foure _Hollanders_: in all four and twenty and a boy: so that lifting up
+our hearts and hands to God for the successe of the businesse, we were
+wonderfully incouraged; and setled our selves, till the report of the
+peece gave us warning of the enterprise. Now, you must consider, that in
+this company were two of _Rawlins_ men, _Iames Roe_, and _Iohn Davies_,
+whom he brought out of _England_, and whom the fortune of the Sea
+brought into the same predicament with their Master. These were imployed
+about noone (being as I said, the ninth of February) to prepare their
+matches, while all the _Turkes_ or at least most of them stood on the
+Poope, to weigh down the ship as it were, to bring the water forward to
+the Pumpe: the one brought his match lighted betweene two spoons, the
+other brought his in a little peece of a Can: and so in the name of God,
+the _Turkes_ and _Moores_ being placed as you have heard, and five and
+forty in number, and _Rawlins_ having proined the Tuch-holes, _Iames
+Roe_ gave fire to one of the peeces, about two of the clocke in the
+afternoone, and the confederates upon the warning, shouted most
+cheerefully: the report of the peece did teare and breake down all the
+Binnacle, and compasses, and the noise of the slaves made all the
+Souldiers amased at the matter, till seeing the quarter of the ship
+rent, and feeling the whole body to shake under them: understanding the
+ship was surprised, and the attempt tended to their utter destruction,
+never Beare robbed of her whelpes was so fell and mad: For they not
+onely cald us dogs, and cried out, _Usance de Lamair_, which is as much
+to say, the Fortune of the wars: but attempted to teare up the planckes,
+setting a worke hammers, hatchets, knives, the oares of the Boate, the
+Boat-hooke, their curtleaxes, and what else came to hand, besides stones
+and brickes in the Cooke-roome, all which they threw amongst us,
+attempting still and still to breake and rip up the hatches, and boords
+of the steering, not desisting from their former execrations, and
+horrible blasphemies and revilings.
+
+When _Iohn Rawlins_ perceived them so violent, and understood how the
+slaves had cleared the deckes of all the _Turkes_ and _Moores_ beneath,
+he set a guard upon the Powder, and charged their owne Muskets against
+them, killing them from divers scout-holes, both before and behind, and
+so lessened their number, to the ioy of all our hearts, whereupon they
+cried out, and called for the Pilot, and so _Rawlins_, with some to
+guard him, went to them, and understood them by their kneeling, that
+they cried for mercy, and to have their lives saved, and they would come
+downe, which he bade them doe, and so they were taken one by one, and
+bound, yea killed with their owne Curtleaxes; which when the rest
+perceived, they called us _English_ dogs, and reviled us with many
+opprobrious termes, some leaping over-boord, crying, it was the chance
+of war; some were manacled, and so throwne over-boord, and some were
+slaine and mangled with the Curtleaxes, till the ship was well cleared,
+and our selves assured of the victory.
+
+At the first report of our Peece, and hurliburly in the decks, the
+Captaine was a writing in his Cabbin, and hearing the noyse, thought it
+some strange accident, and so came out with his Curtleaxe in his hand,
+presuming by his authority to pacifie the mischiefe: But when hee cast
+his eyes upon us, and saw that we were like to surprise the ship, he
+threw downe his Curtleaxe, and begged us to save his life, intimating
+unto _Rawlins_, how he had redeemed him from _Villa-Rise_, and ever
+since admitted him to place of command in the ship, besides honest usage
+in the whole course of the Voyage. All which _Rawlins_ confessed, and at
+last condescended to mercy, and brought the Captaine and five more into
+_England_. The Captain was called _Ramtham-Rise_, but his Christen name,
+_Henry Chandler_, and as they say, was a Chandler's sonne in Southwarke.
+_Iohn Goodale_, was also an _English Turke_. _Richard Clarke_, in
+_Turkish_, _Iafar_; _George Cooke_, _Ramdam_; _Iohn Browne_, _Mamme_;
+_William Winter_, _Mustapha_; besides all the slaves and _Hollanders_,
+with other Renegadoes, who were willing to be reconciled to their true
+Saviour, as being formerly seduced with the hopes of riches, honour,
+preferment, and such like devillish baits, to catch the soules of
+mortall men, and entangle frailty in the fetters of horrible abuses, and
+imposturing deceit.
+
+When all was done, and the ship cleared of the dead bodies, _Iohn
+Rawlins_ assembled his men together, and with one consent gave the
+praise unto God, using the accustomed service on ship-boord, and for
+want of bookes lifted up their voyces to God, as he put into their
+hearts, or renewed their memories: then did they sing a Psalme, and last
+of all, embraced one another for playing the men in such a Deliverance,
+whereby our feare was turned into joy, and trembling hearts
+exhillirated, that we had escaped such inevitable dangers, and
+especially the slavery and terror of bondage, worse than death it selfe.
+The same night we washed our ship, put every thing in as good order as
+we could, repaired the broken quarter, set up the Binnacle, and bore up
+the Helme for _England_, where by Gods grace and good guiding, we
+arrived at _Plimmoth_, the thirteenth of February, and were welcommed
+like the recovery of the lost sheepe, or as you read of a loving mother,
+that runneth with embraces to entertaine her sonne from a long Voyage
+and escape of many dangers.
+
+Not long after we understood of our confederats, that returned home in
+the Barke of _Torbay_, that they arrived in _Pensance_ in _Corne-wall_
+the eleventh of February: and if any aske after their deliverance,
+considering there were ten _Turkes_ sent to man her, I will tell you
+that too: the next day after they lost us, as you have heard and that
+the three Renegadoes had acquainted the Masters Mate, and the two
+_English_ in her with _Rawlins_ determination, and that they themselves
+would be true to them, and assist them in any enterprise: then if the
+worst came, there were but seven to sixe: but as it fell out, they had a
+more easie passage, then turmoile, or man-slaughter. For they made the
+_Turkes_ beleeve, the wind was come faire, and that they were sayling to
+_Algier_, till they came within sight of _England_, which one of them
+amongst the rest discovered, saying plainely, that that land was not
+like _Cape Vincent_; "yes faith," said he, that was at the Helme, "and
+you will be contented, and goe downe into the hold, and trim the salt
+over to wind-ward, whereby the ship may beare full saile, you shall know
+and see more to morrow": Whereupon five of them went downe very orderly,
+the Renegadoes faining themselves asleep, who presently start up, and
+with the helpe of the two _English_, nailed downe the hatches, whereat
+the principall amongst them much repined, and began to grow into choller
+and rage, had it not quickly beene suppressed. For one of them stepped
+to him, and dasht out his braines, and threw him over-boord: the rest
+were brought to _Excester_, and either to be arraigned, according to the
+punishment of delinquents in such a kind, or disposed of, as the King
+and Counsell shall thinke meet and this is the story of this
+deliverance, and end of _Iohn Rawlins_ Voyage. The Actors in this Comick
+Tragedie are most of them alive; The _Turkes_ are in prison; the ship is
+to be seene, and _Rawlins_ himselfe dare justifie the matter.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[4] From _Purchas, His Pilgrims_.
+
+[5] Bristol.
+
+
+
+
+THE DAUGHTER OF THE GREAT MOGUL[6]
+
+DANIEL DEFOE
+
+
+In this time I pursued my voyage, coasted the whole Malabar shore, and
+met with no purchase but a great Portugal East India ship, which I
+chased into Goa, where she got out of my reach. I took several small
+vessels and barks, but little of value in them, till I entered the great
+Bay of Bengal, when I began to look about me with more expectation of
+success, though without prospect of what happened.
+
+I cruised here about two months, finding nothing worth while; so I stood
+away to a port on the north point of the isle of Sumatra, where I made
+no stay; for here I got news that two large ships belonging to the Great
+Mogul were expected to cross the bay from Hoogly, in the Ganges, to the
+country of the King of Pegu, being to carry the granddaughter of the
+Great Mogul to Pegu, who was to be married to the king of that country,
+with all her retinue, jewels, and wealth.
+
+This was a booty worth watching for, though it had been some months
+longer; so I resolved that we would go and cruise off Point Negaris, on
+the east side of the bay, near Diamond Isle; and here we plied off and
+on for three weeks, and began to despair of success; but the knowledge
+of the booty we expected spurred us on, and we waited with great
+patience, for we knew the prize would be immensely rich.
+
+At length we spied three ships coming right up to us with the wind. We
+could easily see they were not Europeans by their sails, and began to
+prepare ourselves for a prize, not for a fight; but were a little
+disappointed when we found the first ship full of guns and full of
+soldiers, and in condition, had she been managed by English sailors, to
+have fought two such ships as ours were. However, we resolved to attack
+her if she had been full of devils as she was full of men.
+
+Accordingly, when we came near them, we fired a gun with shot as a
+challenge. They fired again immediately three or four guns, but fired
+them so confusedly that we could easily see they did not understand
+their business; when we considered how to lay them on board, and so to
+come thwart them, if we could; but falling, for want of wind, open to
+them, we gave them a fair broadside. We could easily see, by the
+confusion that was on board, that they were frightened out of their
+wits; they fired here a gun and there a gun, and some on that side that
+was from us, as well as those that were next to us. The next thing we
+did was to lay them on board, which we did presently, and then gave
+them a volley of our small shot, which, as they stood so thick, killed a
+great many of them, and made all the rest run down under their hatches,
+crying out like creatures bewitched. In a word, we presently took the
+ship, and having secured her men, we chased the other two. One was
+chiefly filled with women, and the other with lumber. Upon the whole, as
+the granddaughter of the Great Mogul was our prize in the first ship, so
+in the second was her women, or, in a word, her household, her eunuchs,
+all the necessaries of her wardrobe, of her stables, and of her kitchen;
+and in the last, great quantities of household stuff, and things less
+costly, though not less useful.
+
+But the first was the main prize. When my men had entered and mastered
+the ship, one of our lieutenants called for me, and accordingly I jumped
+on board. He told me he thought nobody but I ought to go into the great
+cabin, or, at least, nobody should go there before me; for that the lady
+herself and all her attendance was there, and he feared the men were so
+heated they would murder them all, or do worse.
+
+I immediately went to the great cabin door, taking the lieutenant that
+called me along with me, and caused the cabin door to be opened. But
+such a sight of glory and misery was never seen by buccaneer before. The
+queen (for such she was to have been) was all in gold and silver, but
+frightened and crying, and, at the sight of me, she appeared trembling,
+and just as if she was going to die. She sat on the side of a kind of a
+bed like a couch, with no canopy over it, or any covering; only made to
+lie down upon. She was, in a manner, covered with diamonds, and I, like
+a true pirate, soon let her see that I had more mind to the jewels than
+to the lady.
+
+However, before I touched her, I ordered the lieutenant to place a guard
+at the cabin door, and fastening the door, shut us both in, which he
+did. The lady was young, and, I suppose, in their country esteem, very
+handsome, but she was not very much so in my thoughts. At first, her
+fright, and the danger she thought she was in of being killed, taught
+her to do everything that she thought might interpose between her and
+danger, and that was to take off her jewels as fast as she could, and
+give them to me; and I, without any great compliment, took them as fast
+as she gave them me, and put them into my pocket, taking no great notice
+of them or of her, which frighted her worse than all the rest, and she
+said something which I could not understand. However, two of the other
+ladies came, all crying, and kneeled down to me with their hands lifted
+up. What they meant, I knew not at first; but by their gestures and
+pointings I found at last it was to beg the young queen's life, and that
+I would not kill her.
+
+When the three ladies kneeled down to me, and as soon as I understood
+what it was for, I let them know I would not hurt the queen, nor let
+any one else hurt her, but that she must give me all her jewels and
+money. Upon this they acquainted her that I would save her life; and no
+sooner had they assured her of that but she got up smiling, and went to
+a fine Indian cabinet, and opened a private drawer, from whence she took
+another little thing full of little square drawers and holes. This she
+brings to me in her hand, and offered to kneel down to give it me. This
+innocent usage began to rouse some good-nature in me (though I never had
+much), and I would not let her kneel; but sitting down myself on the
+side of her couch or bed, made a motion to her to sit down too. But here
+she was frightened again, it seems, at what I had no thought of. But as
+I did not offer anything of that kind, only made her sit down by me,
+they began all to be easier after some time, and she gave me the little
+box or casket, I know not what to call it, but it was full of invaluable
+jewels. I have them still in my keeping, and wish they were safe in
+England; for I doubt not but some of them are fit to be placed on the
+king's crown.
+
+Being master of this treasure, I was very willing to be good-humored to
+the persons; so I went out of the cabin, and caused the women to be left
+alone, causing the guard to be kept still, that they might receive no
+more injury than I would do them myself.
+
+After I had been out of the cabin some time, a slave of the women's came
+to me, and made sign to me that the queen would speak with me again. I
+made signs back that I would come and dine with her majesty; and
+accordingly I ordered that her servants should prepare her dinner, and
+carry it in, and then call me. They provided her repast after the usual
+manner, and when she saw it brought in she appeared pleased, and more
+when she saw me come in after it; for she was exceedingly pleased that I
+had caused a guard to keep the rest of my men from her; and she had, it
+seems, been told how rude they had been to some of the women that
+belonged to her.
+
+When I came in, she rose up, and paid me such respect as I did not well
+know how to receive, and not in the least how to return. If she had
+understood English, I could have said plainly, and in good rough words,
+"Madam, be easy; we are rude, rough-hewn fellows, but none of our men
+should hurt you, or touch you; I will be your guard and protection; we
+are for money indeed, and we shall take what you have, but we will do
+you no other harm." But as I could not talk thus to her, I scarce knew
+what to say; but I sat down, and made signs to have her sit down and
+eat, which she did, but with so much ceremony that I did not know well
+what to do with it.
+
+After we had eaten, she rose up again, and drinking some water out of a
+china cup, sat her down on the side of the couch as before. When she saw
+I had done eating, she went then to another cabinet, and pulling out a
+drawer, she brought it to me; it was full of small pieces of gold coin
+of Pegu, about as big as an English half-guinea, and I think there were
+three thousand of them. She opened several other drawers, and showed me
+the wealth that was in them, and then gave me the key of the whole.
+
+We had revelled thus all day, and part of the next day, in a bottomless
+sea of riches, when my lieutenant began to tell me, we must consider
+what to do with our prisoners and the ships, for that there was no
+subsisting in that manner. Upon this we called a short council, and
+concluded to carry the great ship away with us, but to put all the
+prisoners--queen, ladies, and all the rest--into the lesser vessels, and
+let them go; and so far was I from ravishing this lady, as I hear is
+reported of me, that though I might rifle her of everything else, yet, I
+assure you, I let her go untouched for me, or, as I am satisfied, for
+any one of my men; nay, when we dismissed them, we gave her leave to
+take a great many things of value with her, which she would have been
+plundered of if I had not been so careful of her.
+
+We had now wealth enough not only to make us rich, but almost to have
+made a nation rich; and to tell you the truth, considering the costly
+things we took here, which we did not know the value of, and besides
+gold and silver and jewels,--I say, we never knew how rich we were;
+besides which we had a great quantity of bales of goods, as well
+calicoes as wrought silks, which, being for sale, were perhaps as a
+cargo of goods to answer the bills which might be drawn upon them for
+the account of the bride's portion; all which fell into our hands, with
+a great sum in silver coin, too big to talk of among Englishmen,
+especially while I am living, for reasons which I may give you
+hereafter.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[6] From _The King of the Pirates_.
+
+
+
+
+BARBAROSSA--KING OF THE CORSAIRS[7]
+
+E. HAMILTON CURREY, R.N.
+
+
+At the coming of spring Barbarossa was at sea again with thirty-two
+ships ready for any eventuality, his crews aflame with ardor for revenge
+against those by whom they had been so roughly handled. He chose for the
+scene of operations a place on the coast of Majorca some fifteen miles
+from Palma; from here he commanded the route of the Spaniards from their
+country to the African coast, and it was against this nation that he
+felt a great bitterness owing to recent events. Eagerly did the corsair
+and his men watch for the Spanish ships, the heavier vessels lying at
+anchor, but the light, swift galleys ranging and questing afar so that
+none might be missed. Very soon the vigilance of the Moslems was
+rewarded by the capture of a number of vessels, sent by Bernard de
+Mendoza laden with Turkish and Moorish slaves, destined to be utilized
+as rowers in the Spanish galleys. These men were hailed as a welcome
+reinforcement, and joyfully joined the forces of Kheyr-ed-Din when he
+moved on Minorca, captured the castle by a surprise assault, raided the
+surrounding country, and captured five thousand seven hundred
+Christians, amongst whom were eight hundred men who had been wounded in
+the attack on Tunis--all these unfortunates were sent to refill the
+bagnio of Algiers.
+
+This private war of revenge was, however, destined soon to come to an
+end, as Soliman the Magnificent in this year became involved in disputes
+with the Venetian Republic, and recalled "that veritable man of the
+sea," as Barbarossa had been described by Ibrahim, to Constantinople.
+
+In this city by the sea there had taken place a tragedy which, although
+it only involved the death of a single man, was nevertheless
+far-reaching in its consequences; for the man was none other than that
+great statesman Ibrahim, Grand Vizier, and the only trusted counsellor
+of the Padishah. He who had been originally a slave had risen step by
+step in the favor of his master until he arrived at the giddy eminence
+which he occupied at the time of his death. It is a somewhat curious
+commentary on the essentially democratic status of an autocracy that a
+man could thus rise to a position second only to that of the autocrat
+himself; and, in all probability, wielding quite as much power.
+
+Ibrahim had for years been treated by Soliman more as a brother than as
+a dependent, which, in spite of his Grand Viziership, he was in fact.
+They lived in the very closest communion, taking their meals together,
+and even sleeping in the same room, Soliman, a man of high intelligence
+himself, and a ruler who kept in touch with all the happenings which
+arose in his immense dominions, desiring always to have at hand the man
+whom he loved; from whom, with his amazing grip of political problems
+and endless fertility of resource, he was certain of sympathy and sound
+advice. But in an oriental despotism there are other forces at work
+besides those of _la haute politique_, and Ibrahim had one deadly enemy
+who was sworn to compass his destruction. The Sultana Roxalana was the
+light of the harem of the Grand Turk. This supremely beautiful woman,
+originally a Russian slave, was the object of the most passionate
+devotion on the part of Soliman; but she was as ambitious as she was
+lovely, and brooked no rival in the affections of Soliman, be that
+person man, woman, or child. In her hands the master of millions, the
+despot whose nod was death, became a submissive slave; the undisciplined
+passions of this headstrong woman swept aside from her path all those
+whom she suspected of sharing her influence, in no matter how remote a
+fashion. At her dictation had Soliman caused to be murdered his son
+Mustafa, a youth of the brightest promise, because, in his intelligence
+and his winning ways he threatened to eclipse Selim, the son of Roxalana
+herself.
+
+This woman possessed a strong natural intelligence, albeit she was
+totally uneducated; she saw and knew that Ibrahim was all-powerful with
+her lover, and this roused her jealousy to fever-heat. She was not
+possessed of a cool judgment, which would have told her that Ibrahim was
+a statesman dealing with the external affairs of the Sublime Porte, and
+that with her and with her affairs he neither desired, nor had he the
+power, to interfere. What, however, the Sultana did know was that in
+these same affairs of State her opinion was dust in the balance when
+weighed against that of the Grand Vizier.
+
+Soliman had that true attribute of supreme greatness, the unerring
+aptitude for the choice of the right man. He had picked out Ibrahim from
+among his immense entourage, and never once had he regretted his choice.
+As time went on and the intellect and power of the man became more and
+more revealed to his master, that sovereign left in his hands even such
+matters as despots are apt to guard most jealously. We have seen how, in
+spite of the murmurings of the whole of his capital, and the almost
+insubordinate attitude of his navy, he had persevered in the appointment
+of Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa, because the judgment of Ibrahim was in favor
+of its being carried out. This, to Roxalana, was gall and wormwood; well
+she knew that, as long as the Grand Vizier lived, her sovereignty was at
+best but a divided one. There was a point at which her blandishments
+stopped short; this was when she found that her opinion did not coincide
+with that of the minister. She was, as we have seen in the instance of
+her son, not a woman to stick at trifles, and she decided that Ibrahim
+must die.
+
+There could be no hole-and-corner business about this; he must die, and
+when his murder had been accomplished she would boldly avow to her lover
+what she had done and take the consequences, believing in her power over
+him to come scatheless out of the adventure. In those days, when human
+life was so cheap, she might have asked for the death of almost any one,
+and her whim would have been gratified by a lover who had not hesitated
+to put to death his own son at her dictation. But with Ibrahim it was
+another matter; he was the familiar of the Sultan, his _alter ego_ in
+fact. It says much for the nerve of the Sultana that she dared so
+greatly on this memorable and lamentable occasion.
+
+On March 5th, 1536, Ibrahim went to the royal seraglio, and, following
+his ancient custom, was admitted to the table of his master, sleeping
+after the meal at his side. At least so it was supposed, but none knew
+save those engaged in the murder what passed on that fatal night; the
+next day his dead body lay in the house of the Sultan.
+
+Across the floor of jasper, in that palace which was a fitting residence
+for one rightly known as "The Magnificent," the blood of Ibrahim flowed
+to the feet of Roxalana. The disordered clothing, the terrible
+expression of the face of the dead man, the gaping wounds which he had
+received, bore witness that there had taken place a grim struggle
+before that iron frame and splendid intellect had been leveled with the
+dust. This much leaked out afterwards, as such things will leak out, and
+then the Sultana took Soliman into her chamber and gazed up into his
+eyes. The man was stunned by the immensity of the calamity which had
+befallen him and his kingdom, but his manhood availed him not against
+the wiles of this Circe. Ibrahim had been foully done to death in his
+own palace, and this woman clinging so lovingly round his neck now was
+the murderess. The heart's blood of his best friend was coagulating on
+the threshold of his own apartment when he forgave her by whom his
+murder had been accomplished. This was the vengeance of Roxalana, and
+who shall say that it was not complete?
+
+The Ottoman Empire was the poorer by the loss of its greatest man, the
+jealousy of the Sultana was assuaged, the despot who had permitted this
+unavenged murder was still on the throne, thrall to the woman who had
+first murdered his son and then his friend and minister. But the deed
+carried with it the evil consequences which were only too likely to
+occur when so capable a head of the State was removed at so critical a
+time. Renewed strife was in the air, and endless squabbles between
+Venice and the Porte were taking place. With these we have no concern,
+but, in addition to other complaints, there were loud and continuous
+ones concerning the corsairs. Venice, "The Bride of the Sea," had
+neither rest nor peace; the pirates swarmed in Corfu, in Zante, in
+Candia, in Cephalonia, and the plunder and murder of the subjects of the
+Republic was the theme of the perpetual representations to the Sultan.
+The balance of advantage in this guerilla warfare was with the corsairs
+until Girolame Canale, a Venetian captain, seized one of the Moslem
+leaders known as "The Young Moor of Alexandria." The victory of Canale
+was somewhat an important one as he captured the galley of "The Young
+Moor" and four others; two more were sunk, and three hundred Janissaries
+and one thousand slaves fell into the hands of the Venetian commander.
+There being an absence of nice feeling on the part of the Venetians, the
+Janissaries were at once beheaded to a man.
+
+The whole story is an illustration of the extraordinary relations
+existing among the Mediterranean States at this time. Soliman the
+Magnificent, Sultan of Turkey, had lent three hundred of his
+Janissaries, his own picked troops, to assist the corsairs in their
+depredations on Venetian commerce. Having done this, and the Janissaries
+having been caught and summarily and rightly put to death as pirates,
+the Sultan, as soon as he heard of what had occurred, sent an
+ambassador, one Yonis Bey, to Venice to demand satisfaction for the
+insult passed upon him by the beheading of his own soldiers turned
+pirates. The conclusion of the affair was that the Venetians released
+"The Young Moor of Alexandria" as soon as he was cured of the eight
+wounds which he had received in the conflict, and sent him back to
+Africa with such of his galleys as were left. There was one rather
+comical incident in connection with this affair, which was that when
+Yonis Bey was on his way from Constantinople to Venice he was chased by
+a Venetian fleet, under the command of the Count Grandenico, and driven
+ashore. The Count was profuse in his apologies when he discovered that
+he had been chasing a live ambassador; but the occurrence so exasperated
+Soliman that he increased his demands in consequence.
+
+Barbarossa, who had spent his time harrying the Spaniards at sea ever
+since the fall of Tunis, was shortly to appear on the scene again. He
+received orders from the Sultan, and came as fast as a favoring wind
+would bring him. Kheyr-ed-Din had been doing well in the matter of
+slaves and plunder, but he knew that, with the backing of the Grand
+Turk, he would once again be in command of a fleet in which he might
+repeat his triumph of past years, and prove himself once more the
+indispensable "man of the sea."
+
+Soon after his arrival his ambitions were gratified, and he found
+himself with a fleet of one hundred ships. Since the death of Ibrahim,
+and the incident which terminated with the dispatch of Yonis Bey to
+Venice, the relations between the Grand Turk and the Venetian Republic
+had become steadily worse, and at last the Sultan declared war. On May
+17th, 1537, Soliman, accompanied by his two sons, Selim and Mohammed,
+left Constantinople. With the campaign conducted by the Sultan we are
+not concerned here; it was directed against the Ionian Islands, which
+had been in the possession of Venice since 1401. On August 18th Soliman
+laid siege to Corfu, and was disastrously beaten, re-embarking his men
+on September 7th, after losing thousands in a fruitless attack on the
+fortress. He returned to Constantinople utterly discomfited. It was the
+seventh campaign which the Sultan had conducted in person, but the first
+in which the ever-faithful Ibrahim had not been by his side.
+
+This defeat at the hands of the Venetians was not, however, the only
+humiliation which he was destined to experience in this disastrous year;
+for once again Doria, that scourge of the Moslem, was loose upon the
+seas, and was making his presence felt in the immediate neighborhood of
+Corfu, where the Turks had been defeated. On July 17th Andrea had left
+the port of Messina with twenty-five galleys, had captured ten richly
+laden Turkish ships, gutted and burned them. Kheyr-ed-Din was at sea at
+the time, but the great rivals were not destined to meet on this
+occasion. Instead of Barbarossa, Andrea fell in with Ali-Chabelli, the
+lieutenant of Sandjak Bey of Gallipoli. On July 22nd the Genoese admiral
+and the Turkish commander from the Dardanelles met to the southward of
+Corfu, off the small island of Paxo, and a smart action ensued. It
+ended in the defeat of Ali-Chabelli, whose galleys were captured and
+towed by Doria into Paxo. That veteran fighter was himself in the
+thickest of the fray, and, conspicuous in his crimson doublet, had been
+an object of attention to the marksmen of Chabelli during the entire
+action. In spite of the receipt of a severe wound in the knee, the
+admiral refused to go below until victory was assured. He was surrounded
+at this time by a devoted band of nobles sworn to defend the person of
+their admiral or to die in his defense. His portrait has been sketched
+for us at this time by the Dominican Friar, Padre Alberto Guglielmotto,
+author of "La guerra dei Pirati e la marina Pontifica dal 1500 al 1560."
+The description runs thus: "Andrea Doria was of lofty stature, his face
+oval in shape, forehead broad and commanding, his neck was powerful, his
+hair short, his beard long and fan-shaped, his lips were thin, his eyes
+bright and piercing."
+
+Once again had he defeated an officer of the Grand Turk; and it may be
+remarked that Ibrahim was probably quite right in the estimation, or
+rather in the lack of estimation, in which he held the sea-officers of
+his master, as they seem to have been deficient in every quality save
+that of personal valor, and in their encounters with Doria and the
+knights were almost invariably worsted. For the sake of Islam, for the
+prestige of the Moslem arms at sea, it was time that Barbarossa should
+take matters in hand once more.
+
+The autumn of this year 1537 proved that the old Sea-wolf had lost none
+of his cunning, that his followers were as terrible as ever. What did it
+seem to matter that Venetian and Catalan, Genoese and Frenchman,
+Andalusian and the dwellers in the Archipelago, were all banded together
+in league against this common foe? Did not the redoubtable Andrea range
+the seas in vain, and were not all the efforts of the Knights of Saint
+John futile, when the son of the renegado from Mitylene and his
+Christian wife put forth from the Golden Horn? What was the magic of
+this man, it was asked despairingly, that none seemed able to prevail
+against him? Had it not been currently reported that Carlos Quinto, the
+great Emperor, had driven him forth from Tunis a hunted fugitive, broken
+and penniless, with never a galley left, without one ducat in his
+pocket? Was he so different, then, from all the rest of mankind that his
+followers would stick to him in evil report as well as in the height of
+his prosperity? Men swore and women crossed themselves at the mention of
+his name.
+
+"Terrible as an army with banners," indeed, was Kheyr-ed-Din in this
+eventful summer: things had gone badly with the crescent flag, the
+Padishah was unapproachable in his palace, brooding perchance on that
+"might have been" had he not sold his honor and the life of his only
+friend to gratify the malice of a she-devil; those in attendance on the
+Sultan trembled, for the humor of the despot was black indeed.
+
+But "the veritable man of the sea" was in some sort to console him for
+that which he had lost; as never in his own history--and there was none
+else with which it could be compared--had the Corsair King made so
+fruitful a raid. He ravaged the coasts of the Adriatic and the islands
+of the Archipelago, sweeping in slaves by the thousand, and by the end
+of the year he had collected eighteen thousand in the arsenal at
+Stamboul. Great was the jubilation in Constantinople when the
+Admiralissimo himself returned from his last expedition against the
+infidel; stilled were the voices which hinted disaffection--who among
+them all could bring back four hundred thousand pieces of gold? What
+mariner could offer to the Grand Turk such varied and magnificent
+presents?
+
+Upon his arrival Barbarossa asked permission to kiss the threshold of
+the palace of the Sultan, which boon being graciously accorded to him,
+he made his triumphal entry. Two hundred captives clad in scarlet robes
+carried cups of gold and flasks of silver; behind them came thirty
+others, each staggering under an enormous purse of sequins; yet another
+two hundred brought collars of precious stones or bales of the choicest
+goods; and a further two hundred were laden with sacks of small coin.
+Certainly if Soliman the Magnificent had lost a Grand Vizier he had
+succeeded in finding an admiral!
+
+All through the earlier months of 1538 the dockyards of Constantinople
+hummed with a furious activity, for Soliman had decreed that the
+maritime campaign of this year was to begin with no less than one
+hundred and fifty ships. His admiral, however, did not agree with this
+decision; to the Viziers he raged and stormed. "Listen," he said, "O men
+of the land who understand naught of the happenings of the sea. By this
+time Saleh-Reis must have quitted Alexandria convoying to the Bosphorus
+twenty sail filled with the richest merchandise; should he fall in with
+the accursed Genoese, Doria, where then will be Saleh-Reis and his
+galleys and his convoy? I will tell you: the ships in Genoa, the galleys
+burned, Saleh-Reis and all his mariners chained to the rowers' bench."
+
+The Viziers trembled as men did when Barbarossa stormed and turned upon
+them those terrible eyes which knew neither fear nor pity. "We be but
+men," they answered, "and our lord the Sultan has so ordained it."
+
+"I have forty galleys," replied the corsair; "you have forty more. With
+these I will take the sea; but, mark you," he continued, softening
+somewhat, "you do right to fear the displeasure of the Sultan, and I
+also have no wish to encounter it; but vessels raised and equipped in a
+hurry will be of small use to me. In the name of Allah the compassionate
+and his holy Prophet give me my eighty galleys and let me go."
+
+In Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa sound strategical instinct went hand in hand
+with the desperate valor of the corsair. To dally in the Golden Horn
+while so rich a prey was at sea to be picked up by his Christian foes
+was altogether opposed to his instincts: never to throw away a chance in
+the game of life had ever been his guiding principle.
+
+Soliman, great man as he undoubtedly was, had not the adamantine
+hardness of character which enabled his admiral to risk all on the
+hazards of the moment; or possibly the Grand Turk was deficient in that
+clearness of strategical instinct which never in any circumstances
+foregoes a present advantage for something which may turn out well in a
+problematical future. Soliman, sore, sullen, and unapproachable, dwelt
+in his palace brooding over the misfortunes which had been his lot since
+the death of Ibrahim. Barbarossa, who so recently had lost practically
+all that he possessed, and who had reached an age at which most men have
+no hopes for the future, was as clear in intellect, as undaunted in
+spirit, as if he had been half a century younger: to be even once more
+with those by whom he had been defeated and dispossessed was the only
+thing now in his mind. The capture of Saleh-Reis and his convoy would be
+a triumph of which he could not bear to think. Further, it would add to
+the demoralization of the sea forces of the Sultan, which were sadly in
+need of some striking success after the defeats which had so recently
+been their portion. The Sultan had decided that one hundred and fifty
+ships were necessary; his admiral thought otherwise. There was too much
+at stake for him to dally at Constantinople; his fiery energy swept all
+before it, and in the end he had his way. On June 7th, 1538, he finally
+triumphed over the hesitations of the Viziers and put to sea with eighty
+sail.
+
+The Sultan, from his kiosk, the windows of which opened on the
+Bosphorus, counted the ships.
+
+"Only eighty sail; is that all?" he asked.
+
+The trembling Viziers prostrated themselves before him.
+
+"O our Lord, the Padishah," they cried, "Saleh-Reis comes from
+Alexandria with a rich convoy; somewhere lurking is Andrea Doria, the
+accursed; it was necessary, O Magnificent, to send succor."
+
+There was a pause, in which the hearts of men beat as do those who know
+not but that the next moment may be their last on earth.
+
+The Sultan stared from his window at the retreating ships in a silence
+like the silence of the grave. At last he turned:
+
+"So be it," he answered briefly; "but see to it that reinforcements do
+not lag upon the road."
+
+If there had been activity in the dockyards before it was as nothing to
+the strenuous work that was to be done henceforward.
+
+Before starting on this expedition Kheyr-ed-Din had made an innovation
+in the manning of some of the most powerful of his galleys, which was
+of the utmost importance, and which was to add enormously to the
+success of his future maritime enterprises. The custom had always been
+that the Ottoman galleys had been rowed by Christians, captured and
+enslaved; of course the converse was true in the galleys of their foes.
+There were, for the size of the vessels, an enormous number of men
+carried in the galleys of the sixteenth century, and an average craft of
+this description would have on board some four hundred men; of these,
+however, the proportion would be two hundred and fifty slaves to one
+hundred and fifty fighting men. That which Kheyr-ed-Din now insisted
+upon was that a certain proportion of his most powerful units should be
+rowed by Moslem fighting men, so that on the day of battle the oarsmen
+could join in the fray instead of remaining chained to their benches, as
+was the custom with the slaves. It is, however, an extraordinary
+testimony to the influence which the corsair had attained in
+Constantinople that he had been able to effect this change in the
+composition of some of his crews; it must have been done with the active
+coöperation of the Sultan, as no authority less potent than that of the
+sovereign himself could have induced free men to undertake the terrible
+toil of rower in a galley. This was reserved for the unfortunate slave
+on either side owing to the intolerable hardship of the life, and
+results, in the pace at which a galley proceeded through the water,
+were usually obtained by an unsparing use of the lash on the naked
+bodies of the rowers.
+
+This human material was used up in the most prodigal manner possible, as
+those in command had not the inducement of treating the rowers well,
+from that economic standpoint which causes a man to so use his beast of
+burden as to get the best work from him. In the galley, when a slave
+would row no more he was flung overboard and another was put in his
+place.
+
+The admiral, however, even when backed by the Padishah, could not man a
+large fleet of galleys with Moslem rowers, and, as there was a shortage
+in the matter of propelling power, his first business was to collect
+slaves, and for this purpose he visited the islands of the Archipelago.
+The lot of the unhappy inhabitants of these was indeed a hard one. They
+were nearer to the seat of the Moslem power than any other Christians;
+they were in those days totally unable to resist an attack in force, and
+in consequence were swept off in their thousands.
+
+Seven islands cover the entrance to the Gulf of Volo. The nearest to the
+coast is Skiathos, which is also the most important; it was defended by
+a castle built upon a rock. This castle was attacked by Barbarossa, who
+bombarded it for six days, carried it by assault, and massacred the
+garrison. He spared the lives of the inhabitants of the island, and by
+this means secured three thousand four hundred rowers for his galleys.
+He had to provide motor-power for the reinforcements which he expected.
+In July he was reinforced from Constantinople by ninety galleys, while
+from Egypt came Saleh-Reis, who had succeeded in avoiding the terrible
+Doria, with twenty more; the fleet was thus complete.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[7] From _Sea Wolves of the Mediterranean_.
+
+
+
+
+MORGAN AT PUERTO BELLO[8]
+
+JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Some may think that the French having deserted Captain Morgan, the
+English alone could not have sufficient courage to attempt such great
+actions as before. But Captain Morgan, who always communicated vigor
+with his words, infused such spirit into his men, as put them instantly
+upon new designs. He inspired them with the belief that the sole
+execution of his orders would be a certain means of obtaining great
+riches, which so influenced their minds, that with inimitable courage
+they all resolved to follow him, as did also a certain pirate of
+Campechy, on this occasion joined with Captain Morgan, to seek new
+fortunes under his conduct. Thus Captain Morgan in a few days gathered a
+fleet of nine sail, either ships or great boats, wherein he had four
+hundred and sixty military men.
+
+All things being ready, they put forth to sea, Captain Morgan imparting
+his design to nobody at present; he only told them on several occasions,
+that he doubted not to make a good fortune by that voyage, if strange
+occurrences happened not. They steered towards the continent, where
+they arrived in a few days near Costa Rica, all their fleet safe. No
+sooner had they discovered land but Captain Morgan declared his
+intentions to the captains, and presently after to the company. He told
+them he intended to plunder Puerto Bello by night, being resolved to put
+the whole city to the sack: and to encourage them he added, this
+enterprise could not fail, seeing he had kept it secret, without
+revealing it to anybody, whereby they could not have notice of his
+coming. To this proposition some answered, they had not a sufficient
+number of men to assault so strong and great a city. But Captain Morgan
+replied, "If our number is small, our hearts are great; and the fewer
+persons we are, the more union and better shares we shall have in the
+spoil." Hereupon, being stimulated with the hope of those vast riches
+they promised themselves from their success, they unanimously agreed to
+that design. Now, that my reader may better comprehend the boldness of
+this exploit, it may be necessary to say something beforehand of the
+city of Puerto Bello.
+
+This city is in the province of Costa Rica, 10 deg. north latitude,
+fourteen leagues from the gulf of Darien, and eight westwards from the
+port called Nombre de Dios. It is judged the strongest place the king of
+Spain possesses in all the West Indies, except Havanna and Carthagena.
+Here are two castles almost impregnable, that defend the city, situate
+at the entry of the port, so that no ship or boat can pass without
+permission. The garrison consists of three hundred soldiers, and the
+town is inhabited by four hundred families. The merchants dwell not
+here, but only reside a while, when the galleons come from or go for
+Spain, by reason of the unhealthiness of the air, occasioned by vapors
+from the mountains; so that though their chief warehouses are at Puerto
+Bello, their habitations are at Panama, whence they bring the plate upon
+mules when the fair begins, and when the ships belonging to the company
+of negroes arrive to sell slaves.
+
+Captain Morgan, who knew very well all the avenues of this city and the
+neighboring coasts, arrived in the evening with his men at Puerto de
+Naos, ten leagues to the west of Puerto Bello. Being come hither, they
+sailed up the river to another harbor called Puerto Pontin, where they
+anchored: here they put themselves into boats and canoes, leaving in the
+ships only a few men to bring them next day to the port. About midnight
+they came to a place called Estera longa Lemos, where they all went on
+shore and marched by land to the first posts of the city. They had in
+their company an Englishman, formerly a prisoner in those parts, who now
+served them for a guide. To him and three or four more they gave
+commission to take the sentinel, if possible, or kill him on the place:
+but they seized him so cunningly, as he had no time to give warning with
+his musket, or make any noise, and brought him, with his hands bound,
+to Captain Morgan, who asked him how things went in the city, and what
+forces they had; with other circumstances he desired to know. After
+every question they made him a thousand menaces to kill him, if he
+declared not the truth. Then they advanced to the city, carrying the
+said sentinel bound before them: having marched about a quarter of a
+league, they came to the castle near the city, which presently they
+closely surrounded, so that no person could get either in or out.
+
+Being posted under the walls of the castle, Captain Morgan commanded the
+sentinel, whom they had taken prisoner, to speak to those within,
+charging them to surrender to his discretion; otherwise they should all
+be cut in pieces, without quarter. But disregarding these threats, they
+began instantly to fire, which alarmed the city; yet notwithstanding,
+though the governor and soldiers of the said castle made as great
+resistance as could be, they were forced to surrender. Having taken the
+castle, Morgan resolved to be as good as his word, putting the Spaniards
+to the sword, thereby to strike a terror into the rest of the city.
+Whereupon, having shut up all the soldiers and officers as prisoners
+into one room, they set fire to the powder (whereof they found great
+quantity) and blew up the castle into the air, with all the Spaniards
+that were within. This done, they pursued the course of their victory,
+falling upon the city, which as yet was not ready to receive them. Many
+of the inhabitants cast their precious jewels and money into wells and
+cisterns, or hid them in places underground, to avoid as much as
+possible, being totally robbed. One of the party of pirates, assigned to
+this purpose, ran immediately to the cloisters, and took as many
+religious men and women as they could find. The governor of the city,
+not being able to rally the citizens, through their great confusion,
+retired to one of the castles remaining, and thence fired incessantly at
+the pirates: but these were not in the least negligent either to assault
+him, or defend themselves, so that amidst the horror of the assault,
+they made very few shots in vain; for aiming with great dexterity at the
+mouths of the guns, the Spaniards were certain to lose one or two men
+every time they charged each gun anew.
+
+The fight continued very furious from break of day till noon; indeed,
+about this time of the day the case was very dubious which party should
+conquer, or be conquered. At last, the pirates perceiving they had lost
+many men, and yet advanced but little towards gaining either this, or
+the other castles, made use of fire-balls, which they threw with their
+hands, designing to burn the doors of the castles. But the Spaniards
+from the walls let fall great quantities of stones, and earthen pots
+full of powder, and other combustible matter, which forced them to
+desist. Captain Morgan seeing this desperate defence made by the
+Spaniards, began to despair of success. Hereupon, many faint and calm
+meditations came into his mind; neither could he determine which way to
+turn himself in that strait. Being thus puzzled, he was suddenly
+animated to continue the assault, by seeing the English colors put forth
+at one of the lesser castles, then entered by his men; of whom he
+presently after spied a troop coming to meet him, proclaiming victory
+with loud shouts of joy. This instantly put him on new resolutions of
+taking the rest of the castles, especially seeing the chiefest citizens
+were fled to them, and had conveyed thither great part of their riches,
+with all the plate belonging to the churches and divine service.
+
+To this effect, he ordered ten or twelve ladders to be made in all
+haste, so broad, that three or four men at once might ascend them: these
+being finished, he commanded all the religious men and women, whom he
+had taken prisoners, to fix them against the walls of the castle. This
+he had before threatened the governor to do, if he delivered not the
+castle: but his answer was, "he would never surrender himself alive."
+Captain Morgan was persuaded the governor would not employ his utmost
+force, on seeing the religious women and ecclesiastical persons exposed
+in the front of the soldiers to the greatest danger. Thus the ladders,
+as I have said, were at once put into the hands of religious persons of
+both sexes, and these were forced, at the head of the companies, to
+raise and apply them to the walls. But Captain Morgan was fully
+deceived in his judgment of this design; for the governor, who acted
+like a brave soldier in performance of his duty, used his utmost
+endeavor to destroy whomsoever came near the walls. The religious men
+and women ceased not to cry to him, and beg of him, by all the saints of
+heaven, to deliver the castle, and spare both his and their own lives;
+but nothing could prevail with his obstinacy and fierceness. Thus many
+of the religious men and nuns were killed before they could fix the
+ladders; which at last being done, though with great loss of their
+number, the pirates mounted them in great numbers, and with reckless
+valor, having fire-balls in their hands, and earthen pots full of
+powder; which, being now at the top of the walls, they kindled and cast
+down among the Spaniards.
+
+This effort of the pirates was very great, insomuch that the Spaniards
+could not longer resist nor defend the castle, which was now entered.
+Hereupon they all threw down their arms, and craved quarter for their
+lives; only the governor of the city would crave no mercy, but killed
+many of the pirates with his own hands, and not a few of his own
+soldiers; because they did not stand to their arms. And though the
+pirates asked him if he would have quarter; yet he constantly answered,
+"By no means, I had rather die as a valiant soldier, than be hanged as a
+coward." They endeavored as much as they could to take him prisoner, but
+he defended himself so obstinately, that they were forced to kill him,
+notwithstanding all the cries and tears of his own wife and daughter,
+who begged him, on their knees, to demand quarter, and save his life.
+When the pirates had possessed themselves of the castle, which was about
+nightfall, they enclosed therein all the prisoners, placing the women
+and men by themselves, with some guards. The wounded were put in an
+apartment by themselves, that their own complaints might be the cure of
+their diseases; for no other was afforded them.
+
+This done, they fell to eating and drinking, and as usual, to committing
+all manner of debauchery and excess, so that fifty courageous men might
+easily have retaken the city, and killed all the pirates. Next day,
+having plundered all they could find, they examined some of the
+prisoners (who had been persuaded by their companions to say they were
+the richest of the town), charging them severely to discover where they
+had hid their riches and goods. Not being able to extort anything from
+them, they not being the right persons, it was resolved to torture them:
+this they did so cruelly, that many of them died on the rack, or
+presently after. Now the president of Panama being advertised of the
+pillage and ruin of Puerto Bello, he employed all his care and industry
+to raise forces to pursue and cast out the pirates thence; but these
+cared little for his preparations, having their ships at hand, and
+determining to fire the city, and retreat. They had now been at Puerto
+Bello fifteen days, in which time they had lost many of their men, both
+by the unhealthiness of the country, and their extravagant debaucheries.
+
+Hereupon, they prepared to depart, carrying on board all the pillage
+they had got, having first provided the fleet with sufficient victuals
+for the voyage. While these things were doing Captain Morgan demanded of
+the prisoners a ransom for the city, or else he would burn it down, and
+blow up all the castles; withal, he commanded them to send speedily two
+persons, to procure the sum, which was 100,000 pieces-of-eight. To this
+effect two men were sent to the president of Panama, who gave him an
+account of all. The president, having now a body of men ready, set forth
+towards Puerto Bello, to encounter the pirates before their retreat;
+but, they, hearing of his coming, instead of flying away, went out to
+meet him at a narrow passage, which he must pass: here they placed a
+hundred men, very well armed, which at the first encounter put to flight
+a good party of those of Panama. This obliged the president to retire
+for that time, not being yet in a posture of strength to proceed
+farther. Presently after, he sent a message to Captain Morgan, to tell
+him, "that if he departed not suddenly with all his forces from Puerto
+Bello, he ought to expect no quarter for himself, nor his companions,
+when he should take them, as he hoped soon to do." Captain Morgan, who
+feared not his threats, knowing he had a secure retreat in his ships,
+which were at hand, answered, "he would not deliver the castles, before
+he had received the contribution-money he had demanded; which if it were
+not paid down, he would certainly burn the whole city, and then leave
+it, demolishing beforehand the castles, and killing the prisoners."
+
+The governor of Panama perceived by this answer that no means would
+serve to mollify the hearts of the pirates, nor reduce them to reason:
+whereupon, he determined to leave the inhabitants of the city to make
+the best agreement they could. In a few days more the miserable citizens
+gathered the contributions required, and brought 100,000 pieces-of-eight
+to the pirates for their ransom. The president of Panama was much amazed
+that four hundred men could take such a great city, with so many strong
+castles, especially having no ordnance, wherewith to raise batteries,
+and, knowing the citizens of Puerto Bello had always great repute of
+being good soldiers themselves, who never wanted courage in their own
+defence. His astonishment was so great, that he sent to Captain Morgan,
+desiring some small pattern of those arms wherewith he had taken with
+such vigor so great a city. Captain Morgan received this messenger very
+kindly, and with great civility; and gave him a pistol, and a few small
+bullets, to carry back to the president his master; telling him, withal,
+"he desired him to accept that slender pattern of the arms wherewith he
+had taken Puerto Bello, and keep them for a twelvemonth; after which
+time he promised to come to Panama, and fetch them away."[9] The
+governor returned the present very soon to Captain Morgan, giving him
+thanks for the favor of lending him such weapons as he needed not; and,
+withal, sent him a ring of gold, with this message, "that he desired him
+not to give himself the labor of coming to Panama, as he had done to
+Puerto Bello: for he did assure him, he should not speed so well here,
+as he had done there."
+
+After this, Captain Morgan (having provided his fleet with all
+necessaries, and taken with him the best guns of the castles, nailing up
+the rest) set sail from Puerto Bello with all his ships, and arriving in
+a few days at Cuba, he sought out a place wherein he might quickly make
+the dividend of their spoil. They found in ready money 250,000
+pieces-of-eight, besides other merchandise; as cloth, linen, silks, etc.
+With this rich purchase they sailed thence to their common place of
+rendezvous, Jamaica. Being arrived, they passed here some time in all
+sorts of vices and debaucheries, according to their custom; spending
+very prodigally what others had gained with no small labor and toil.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[8] From _The Buccaneers of America_.
+
+[9] This promise was kept. See The Capture of Panama (footnote).
+
+
+
+
+THE WAYS OF THE BUCCANEERS[10]
+
+JOHN MASEFIELD after JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Throughout the years of buccaneering, the buccaneers often put to sea in
+canoas and periaguas, just as Drake put to sea in his three pinnaces.
+Life in an open boat is far from pleasant, but men who passed their
+leisure cutting logwood at Campeachy, or hoeing tobacco in Jamaica, or
+toiling over gramma grass under a hot sun after cattle, were not
+disposed to make the worst of things. They would sit contentedly upon
+the oar bench, rowing with a long, slow stroke for hours together
+without showing signs of fatigue. Nearly all of them were men of more
+than ordinary strength, and all of them were well accustomed to the
+climate. When they had rowed their canoa to the Main they were able to
+take it easy till a ship came by from one of the Spanish ports. If she
+seemed a reasonable prey, without too many guns, and not too high
+charged, or high built, the privateers would load their muskets, and row
+down to engage her. The best shots were sent into the bows, and excused
+from rowing, lest the exercise should cause their hands to tremble. A
+clever man was put to the steering oar, and the musketeers were bidden
+to sing out whenever the enemy yawed, so as to fire her guns. It was in
+action, and in action only, that the captain had command over his men.
+The steersman endeavored to keep the masts of the quarry in a line, and
+to approach her from astern. The marksmen from the bows kept up a
+continual fire at the vessel's helmsmen, if they could be seen, and at
+any gun-ports which happened to be open. If the helmsmen could not be
+seen from the sea, the canoas aimed to row in upon the vessel's
+quarters, where they could wedge up the rudder with wooden chocks or
+wedges. They then laid her aboard over the quarter, or by the after
+chains, and carried her with their knives and pistols. The first man to
+get aboard received some gift of money at the division of the spoil.
+
+When the prize was taken, the prisoners were questioned, and despoiled.
+Often, indeed, they were stripped stark naked, and granted the privilege
+of seeing their finery on a pirate's back. Each buccaneer had the right
+to take a shift of clothes out of each prize captured. The cargo was
+then rummaged, and the state of the ship looked to, with an eye to using
+her as a cruiser. As a rule, the prisoners were put ashore on the first
+opportunity, but some buccaneers had a way of selling their captives
+into slavery. If the ship were old, leaky, valueless, in ballast, or
+with a cargo useless to the rovers, she was either robbed of her guns,
+and turned adrift with her crew, or run ashore in some snug cove, where
+she could be burnt for the sake of the iron-work. If the cargo were of
+value, and, as a rule, the ships they took had some rich thing aboard
+them, they sailed her to one of the Dutch, French or English
+settlements, where they sold her freight for what they could get--some
+tenth or twentieth of its value. If the ship were a good one, in good
+condition, well found, swift, and not of too great draught (for they
+preferred to sail in small ships), they took her for their cruiser as
+soon as they had emptied out her freight. They sponged and loaded her
+guns, brought their stores aboard her, laid their mats upon her deck,
+secured the boats astern, and sailed away in search of other plunder.
+They kept little discipline aboard their ships. What work had to be done
+they did, but works of supererogation they despised and rejected as a
+shade unholy. The night watches were partly orgies. While some slept,
+the others fired guns and drank to the health of their fellows. By the
+light of the binnacle, or by the light of the slush lamps in the cabin,
+the rovers played a hand at cards, or diced each other at "seven and
+eleven," using a pannikin as dice-box. While the gamblers cut and
+shuffled, and the dice rattled in the tin, the musical sang songs, the
+fiddlers set their music chuckling, and the seaboots stamped approval.
+The cunning dancers showed their science in the moonlight, avoiding the
+sleepers if they could. In this jolly fashion were the nights made
+short. In the daytime, the gambling continued with little intermission;
+nor had the captain any authority to stop it. One captain, in the
+histories, was so bold as to throw the dice and cards overboard, but, as
+a rule, the captain of a buccaneer cruiser was chosen as an artist, or
+navigator, or as a lucky fighter. He was not expected to spoil sport.
+The continual gambling nearly always led to fights and quarrels. The
+lucky dicers often won so much that the unlucky had to part with all
+their booty. Sometimes a few men would win all the plunder of the
+cruise, much to the disgust of the majority, who clamored for a
+redivision of the spoil. If two buccaneers got into a quarrel they
+fought it out on shore at the first opportunity, using knives, swords,
+or pistols, according to taste. The usual way of fighting was with
+pistols, the combatants standing back to back, at a distance of ten or
+twelve paces, and turning round to fire at the word of command. If both
+shots missed, the question was decided with cutlasses, the man who drew
+first blood being declared the winner. If a man were proved to be a
+coward he was either tied to the mast, and shot, or mutilated, and sent
+ashore. No cruise came to an end until the company declared themselves
+satisfied with the amount of plunder taken. The question, like all other
+important questions, was debated round the mast, and decided by vote.
+
+At the conclusion of a successful cruise, they sailed for Port Royal,
+with the ship full of treasure, such as vicuna wool, packets of pearls
+from the Hatch, jars of civet or of ambergris, boxes of "marmalett" and
+spices, casks of strong drink, bales of silk, sacks of chocolate and
+vanilla, and rolls of green cloth and pale blue cotton which the Indians
+had woven in Peru, in some sandy village near the sea, in sight of the
+pelicans and the penguins. In addition to all these things, they usually
+had a number of the personal possessions of those they had taken on the
+seas. Lying in the chests for subsequent division were swords,
+silver-mounted pistols, daggers chased and inlaid, watches from Spain,
+necklaces of uncut jewels, rings and bangles, heavy carved furniture,
+"cases of bottles" of delicately cut green glass, containing cordials
+distilled of precious mints, with packets of emeralds from Brazil,
+bezoar stones from Patagonia, paintings from Spain, and medicinal gums
+from Nicaragua. All these things were divided by lot at the main-mast as
+soon as the anchor held. As the ship, or ships, neared port, her men
+hung colors out--any colors they could find--to make their vessel gay. A
+cup of drink was taken as they sailed slowly home to moorings, and as
+they drank they fired off the cannon, "bullets and all," again and yet
+again, rejoicing as the bullets struck the water. Up in the bay, the
+ships in the harbor answered with salutes of cannon; flags were dipped
+and hoisted in salute; and so the anchor dropped in some safe reach, and
+the division of the spoil began.
+
+After the division of the spoil in the beautiful Port Royal harbor, in
+sight of the palm-trees and the fort with the colors flying, the
+buccaneers packed their gear, and dropped over the side into a boat.
+They were pulled ashore by some grinning black man with a scarlet scarf
+about his head and the brand of a hot iron on his shoulders. At the
+jetty end, where the Indians lounged at their tobacco and the
+fishermen's canoas rocked, the sunburnt pirates put ashore. Among the
+noisy company which always gathers on a pier they met with their
+companions. A sort of Roman triumph followed, as the "happily returned"
+lounged swaggeringly towards the taverns. Eager hands helped them to
+carry in their plunder. In a few minutes the gang was entering the
+tavern, the long, cool room with barrels round the walls, where there
+were benches and a table and an old blind fiddler jerking his elbow at a
+jig. Noisily the party ranged about the table, and sat themselves upon
+the benches, while the drawers, or potboys, in their shirts, drew near
+to take the orders. I wonder if the reader has ever heard a sailor in
+the like circumstance, five minutes after he has touched his pay,
+address a company of parasites in an inn with the question: "What's it
+going to be?"
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[10] From _Buccaneer Customs on the Spanish Main_.
+
+
+
+
+A TRUE ACCOUNT OF THREE NOTORIOUS PIRATES[11]
+
+HOWARD PYLE, ED.
+
+
+I
+
+CAPTAIN TEACH _alias_ BLACK-BEARD
+
+Edward Teach was a Bristol man born, but had sailed some time out of
+Jamaica, in privateers, in the late French war; yet though he had often
+distinguished himself for his uncommon boldness and personal courage, he
+was never raised to any command, till he went a-pirating, which, I
+think, was at the latter end of the year 1716, when Captain Benjamin
+Hornygold put him into a sloop that he had made prize of, and with whom
+he continued in consortship till a little while before Hornygold
+surrendered.
+
+In the spring of the year 1717 Teach and Hornygold sailed from
+Providence, for the main of America, and took in their way a billop from
+the Havana, with 120 barrels of flour, as also a sloop from Bermuda,
+Thurbar master, from whom they took only some gallons of wine, and then
+let him go; and a ship from Madeira to South Carolina, out of which they
+got plunder to a considerable value.
+
+After cleaning on the coast of Virginia, they returned to the West
+Indies, and in the latitude of 24, made prize of a large French
+Guineaman, bound to Martinico, which, by Hornygold's consent, Teach went
+aboard of as captain, and took a cruise in her. Hornygold returned with
+his sloop to Providence, where, at the arrival of Captain Rogers, the
+governor, he surrendered to mercy, pursuant to the king's proclamation.
+
+Aboard of this Guineaman Teach mounted forty guns, and named her the
+_Queen Ann's Revenge_; and cruising near the island of St. Vincent, took
+a large ship, called the _Great Allen_, Christopher Taylor, commander;
+the pirates plundered her of what they thought fit, put all the men
+ashore upon the island above mentioned, and set fire to the ship.
+
+A few days after Teach fell in with the _Scarborough_, man-of-war, of
+thirty guns, who engaged him for some hours; but she, finding the pirate
+well-manned, and having tried her strength, gave over the engagement and
+returned to Barbadoes, the place of her station, and Teach sailed
+towards the Spanish America.
+
+In this way he met with a pirate sloop of ten guns, commanded by one
+Major Bonnet, lately a gentleman of good reputation and estate in the
+island of Barbadoes, whom he joined; but in a few days after, Teach,
+finding that Bonnet knew nothing of a maritime life, with the consent of
+his own men, put in another captain, one Richards, to command Bonnet's
+sloop, and took the Major on board his own ship, telling him, that as he
+had not been used to the fatigues and care of such a post, it would be
+better for him to decline it and live easy, at his pleasure, in such a
+ship as his, where he would not be obliged to perform the necessary
+duties of a sea-voyage.
+
+At Turniff, ten leagues short of the Bay of Honduras, the pirates took
+in fresh water, and while they were at anchor there, they saw a sloop
+coming in, whereupon Richards, in the sloop called the _Revenge_,
+slipped his cable and run out to meet her; who, upon seeing the black
+flag hoisted, struck his sail and came to under the stern of Teach, the
+commodore. She was called the _Adventure_, from Jamaica, David Harriot,
+master. They took him and his men aboard the great ship, and sent a
+number of other hands with Israel Hands, master of Teach's ship, to man
+the sloop for the piratical account.
+
+The 9th of April they weighed from Turniff, having lain there about a
+week, and sailed to the bay, where they found a ship and four sloops;
+three of the latter belonged to Jonathan Bernard, of Jamaica, and the
+other to Captain James. The ship was of Boston, called the _Protestant
+Cæsar_, Captain Wyar, commander. Teach hoisted his black colors and
+fired a gun, upon which Captain Wyar and all his men left their ship and
+got ashore in their boat. Teach's quartermaster and eight of his crew
+took possession of Wyar's ship, and Richards secured all the sloops, one
+of which they burnt out of spite to the owner. The _Protestant Cæsar_
+they also burnt, after they had plundered her, because she belonged to
+Boston, where some men had been hanged for piracy, and the three sloops
+belonging to Bernard they let go.
+
+From hence the rovers sailed to Turkill, and then to the Grand Caimanes,
+a small island about thirty leagues to the westward of Jamaica, where
+they took a small turtler, and so to the Havana, and from thence to the
+Bahama Wrecks; and from the Bahama Wrecks they sailed to Carolina,
+taking a brigantine and two sloops in their way, where they lay off the
+bar of Charles Town for five or six days. They took here a ship as she
+was coming out, bound for London, commanded by Robert Clark, with some
+passengers on board for England. The next day they took another vessel
+coming out of Charles Town, and also two pinks coming into Charles Town;
+likewise a brigantine with fourteen negroes aboard; all of which, being
+done in the face of the town, struck so great a terror to the whole
+province of Carolina, having just before been visited by Vane, another
+notorious pirate, that they abandoned themselves to despair, being in no
+condition to resist their force. There were eight sail in the harbor,
+ready for the sea, but none dared to venture out, it being almost
+impossible to escape their hands. The inward bound vessels were under
+the same unhappy dilemma, so that the trade of this place was totally
+interrupted. What made these misfortunes heavier to them was a long,
+expensive war the colony had had with the natives, which was but just
+ended when these robbers infested them.
+
+Teach detained all the ships and prisoners, and, being in want of
+medicines, resolved to demand a chest from the government of the
+province. Accordingly, Richards, the captain of the _Revenge_ sloop,
+with two or three more pirates, were sent up along with Mr. Marks, one
+of the prisoners whom they had taken in Clark's ship, and very
+insolently made their demands, threatening that if they did not send
+immediately the chest of medicines and let the pirate ambassadors
+return, without offering any violence to their persons, they would
+murder all their prisoners, send up their heads to the governor, and set
+the ships they had taken on fire.
+
+Whilst Mr. Marks was making application to the council, Richards and the
+rest of the pirates walked the streets publicly in the sight of all
+people, who were fired with the utmost indignation, looking upon them as
+robbers and murderers, and particularly the authors of their wrongs and
+oppressions, but durst not so much as think of executing their revenge
+for fear of bringing more calamities upon themselves, and so they were
+forced to let the villains pass with impunity. The government was not
+long in deliberating upon the message, though it was the greatest
+affront that could have been put upon them, yet, for the saving so many
+men's lives (among them Mr. Samuel Wragg, one of the council), they
+complied with the necessity and sent aboard a chest, valued at between
+three and four hundred pounds, and the pirates went back safe to their
+ships.
+
+Black-beard (for so Teach was generally called, as we shall hereafter
+show), as soon as he had received the medicines and his brother rogues,
+let go the ships and the prisoners, having first taken out of them in
+gold and silver about £1,500 sterling, besides provisions and other
+matters.
+
+From the bar of Charles Town they sailed to North Carolina, Captain
+Teach in the ship, which they called the man-of-war, Captain Richards
+and Captain Hands in the sloops, which they termed privateers, and
+another sloop serving them as a tender. Teach began now to think of
+breaking up the company and securing the money and the best of the
+effects for himself and some others of his companions he had most
+friendship for, and to cheat the rest. Accordingly, on pretense of
+running into Topsail inlet to clean, he grounded his ship, and then, as
+if it had been done undesignedly and by accident, he orders Hands' sloop
+to come to his assistance and get him off again, which he, endeavoring
+to do, ran the sloop on shore near the other, and so were both lost.
+This done, Teach goes into the tender sloop, with forty hands, and
+leaves the _Revenge_ there, then takes seventeen others and maroons them
+upon a small sandy island, about a league from the main, where there was
+neither bird, beast, or herb for their subsistence, and where they must
+have perished if Major Bonnet had not, two days after, taken them off.
+
+Teach goes up to the governor of North Carolina, with about twenty of
+his men, and they surrender to his Majesty's proclamation, and receive
+certificates thereof from his Excellency; but it did not appear that
+their submitting to this pardon was from any reformation of manners, but
+only to await a more favorable opportunity to play the same game over
+again; which he soon after effected, with greater security to himself,
+and with much better prospect of success, having in this time cultivated
+a very good understanding with Charles Eden, Esq., the governor above
+mentioned.
+
+The first piece of service this kind governor did to Black-beard was to
+give him a right to the vessel which he had taken when he was a-pirating
+in the great ship called the _Queen Ann's Revenge_, for which purpose a
+court of vice-admiralty was held at Bath Town, and, though Teach had
+never any commission in his life, and the sloop belonging to the English
+merchants, and taken in time of peace, yet was she condemned as a prize
+taken from the Spaniards by the said Teach. These proceedings show that
+governors are but men.
+
+Before he sailed upon his adventures, he married a young creature of
+about sixteen years of age, the governor performing the ceremony. As it
+is a custom to marry here by a priest, so it is there by a magistrate;
+and this, I have been informed, made Teach's fourteenth wife whereof
+about a dozen might be still living.
+
+In June, 1718, he went to sea upon another expedition, and steered his
+course towards Bermudas. He met with two or three English vessels in his
+way, but robbed them only of provisions, stores, and other necessaries,
+for his present expense; but near the island before mentioned, he fell
+in with two French ships, one of them was laden with sugar and cocoa,
+and the other light, both bound to Martinico. The ship that had no
+lading he let go, and putting all the men of the loaded ship aboard her,
+he brought home the other with her cargo to North Carolina, where the
+governor and the pirates shared the plunder.
+
+When Teach and his prize arrived he and four of his crew went to his
+Excellency and made affidavit that they found the French ship at sea
+without a soul on board her; and then a court was called, and the ship
+condemned. The governor had sixty hogsheads of sugar for his dividend,
+and one Mr. Knight, who was his secretary and collector for the
+province, twenty, and the rest was shared among the other pirates.
+
+The business was not yet done; the ship remained, and it was possible
+one or other might come into the river that might be acquainted with
+her, and so discover the roguery. But Teach thought of a contrivance to
+prevent this, for, upon a pretence that she was leaky, and that she
+might sink, and so stop up the mouth of the inlet or cove where she lay,
+he obtained an order from the governor to bring her out into the river
+and set her on fire, which was accordingly executed, and she was burnt
+down to the water's edge, her bottom sunk, and with it their fears of
+her ever rising in judgment against them.
+
+Captain Teach, alias Black-beard, passed three or four months in the
+river, sometimes lying at anchor in the coves, at other times sailing
+from one inlet to another, trading with such sloops as he met for the
+plunder he had taken, and would often give them presents for stores and
+provisions he took from them; that is, when he happened to be in a
+giving humor; at other times he made bold with them, and took what he
+liked, without saying "By your leave," knowing well they dared not send
+him a bill for the payment. He often diverted himself with going ashore
+among the planters, where he revelled night and day. By these he was
+well received, but whether out of love or fear I cannot say. Sometimes
+he used them courteously enough, and made them presents of rum and sugar
+in recompense of what he took from them; but, as for liberties, which it
+is said he and his companions often took with the wives and daughters of
+the planters, I cannot take upon me to say whether he paid them _ad
+valorem_ or no. At other times he carried it in a lordly manner towards
+them, and would lay some of them under contribution; nay, he often
+proceeded to bully the governor, not that I can discover the least
+cause of quarrel between them, but it seemed only to be done to show he
+dared do it.
+
+The sloops trading up and down this river being so frequently pillaged
+by Black-beard, consulted with the traders and some of the best planters
+what course to take. They saw plainly it would be in vain to make an
+application to the governor of North Carolina, to whom it properly
+belonged to find some redress; so that if they could not be relieved
+from some other quarter, Black-beard would be like to reign with
+impunity; therefore, with as much secrecy as possible, they sent a
+deputation to Virginia, to lay the affair before the governor of that
+colony, and to solicit an armed force from the men-of-war lying there to
+take or destroy this pirate.
+
+This governor consulted with the captains of the two men-of-war, viz.,
+the _Pearl_ and _Lime_, who had lain in St. James's river about ten
+months. It was agreed that the governor should hire a couple of small
+sloops, and the men-of-war should man them. This was accordingly done,
+and the command of them given to Mr. Robert Maynard, first lieutenant of
+the _Pearl_, an experienced officer, and a gentleman of great bravery
+and resolution, as will appear by his gallant behavior in this
+expedition. The sloops were well manned, and furnished with ammunition
+and small arms, but had no guns mounted.
+
+About the time of their going out the governor called an assembly, in
+which it was resolved to publish a proclamation, offering certain
+rewards to any person or persons who, within a year after that time,
+should take or destroy any pirate. The original proclamation, being in
+our hands, is as follows:--
+
+
+     By his Majesty's Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the
+                      Colony and Dominion of Virginia.
+
+                              A PROCLAMATION,
+
+     Publishing the Rewards given for apprehending or killing Pirates.
+
+    WHEREAS, by an Act of Assembly, made at a Session of Assembly, begun
+    at the capital in Williamsburg, the eleventh day of November, in the
+    fifth year of his Majesty's reign, entitled, An Act to Encourage the
+    Apprehending and Destroying of Pirates: It is, amongst other things,
+    enacted, that all and every person, or persons, who, from and after
+    the fourteenth day of November, in the Year of our Lord one thousand
+    seven hundred and eighteen, and before the fourteenth day of
+    November, which shall be in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven
+    hundred and nineteen, shall take any pirate, or pirates, on the sea
+    or land, or, in case of resistance, shall kill any such pirate, or
+    pirates, between the degrees of thirty-four and thirty-nine of
+    northern latitude, and within one hundred leagues of the continent
+    of Virginia, or within the provinces of Virginia, or North Carolina,
+    upon the conviction, or making due proof of the killing of all and
+    every such pirate, and pirates, before the Governor and Council,
+    shall be entitled to have, and receive out of the public money, in
+    the hands of the Treasurer of this Colony, the several rewards
+    following: that is to say, for Edward Teach, commonly called Captain
+    Teach, or Black-beard, one hundred pounds; for every other
+    commander of a pirate ship, sloop, or vessel, forty pounds; for
+    every lieutenant, master, or quartermaster, boatswain, or carpenter,
+    twenty pounds; for every other inferior officer, fifteen pounds; and
+    for every private man taken on board such ship, sloop, or vessel,
+    ten pounds; and that for every pirate which shall be taken by any
+    ship, sloop, or vessel, belonging to this colony, or North Carolina,
+    within the time aforesaid, in any place whatsoever, the like rewards
+    shall be paid according to the quality and condition of such
+    pirates. Wherefore, for the encouragement of all such persons as
+    shall be willing to serve his Majesty, and their country, in so just
+    and honourable an undertaking as the suppressing a sort of people
+    who may be truly called enemies to mankind: I have thought fit, with
+    the advice and consent of his Majesty's Council, to issue this
+    Proclamation, hereby declaring the said rewards shall be punctually
+    and justly paid, in current money of Virginia, according to the
+    directions of the said Act. And I do order and appoint this
+    proclamation to be published by the sheriffs at their respective
+    country houses, and by all ministers and readers in the several
+    churches and chapels throughout this colony.
+
+       Given at our Council-Chamber at Williamsburgh, this
+           24th day of November, 1718, in the fifth year of
+           his Majesty's reign.
+               GOD SAVE THE KING.
+                                                         A. SPOTSWOOD.
+
+The 17th of November, 1718, the lieutenant sailed from Kicquetan, in
+James river in Virginia, and the 31st, in the evening, came to the mouth
+of Okerecock inlet, where he got sight of the pirate. This expedition
+was made with all imaginable secrecy, and the officer managed with all
+the prudence that was necessary, stopping all boats and vessels he met
+with in the river from going up, and thereby preventing any intelligence
+from reaching Black-beard, and receiving at the same time an account
+from them all of the place where the pirate was lurking. But
+notwithstanding this caution, Black-beard had information of the design
+from his Excellency of the province; and his secretary, Mr. Knight,
+wrote him a letter particularly concerning it, intimating "that he had
+sent him four of his men, which were all he could meet with in or about
+town, and so bid him be upon his guard." These men belonged to
+Black-beard, and were sent from Bath Town to Okerecock inlet, where the
+sloop lay, which is about twenty leagues.
+
+Black-beard had heard several reports, which happened not to be true,
+and so gave the less credit to this advice; nor was he convinced till he
+saw the sloops. Then it was time to put his vessel in a posture of
+defense. He had no more than twenty-five men on board, though he gave
+out to all the vessels he spoke with that he had forty. When he had
+prepared for battle he sat down and spent the night in drinking with the
+master of a trading sloop, who, it was thought, had more business with
+Teach than he should have had.
+
+Lieutenant Maynard came to an anchor, for the place being shoal, and the
+channel intricate, there was no getting in where Teach lay that night;
+but in the morning he weighed, and sent his boat ahead of the sloops to
+sound, and coming within gun-shot of the pirate, received his fire;
+whereupon Maynard hoisted the king's colors, and stood directly towards
+him with the best way that his sails and oars could make. Black-beard
+cut his cable, and endeavored to make a running fight, keeping a
+continual fire at his enemies with his guns. Mr. Maynard, not having
+any, kept a constant fire with small arms, while some of his men labored
+at their oars. In a little time Teach's sloop ran aground, and Mr.
+Maynard's, drawing more water than that of the pirate, he could not come
+near him; so he anchored within half gun-shot of the enemy, and, in
+order to lighten his vessel, that he might run him aboard, the
+lieutenant ordered all his ballast to be thrown overboard, and all the
+water to be staved, and then weighed and stood for him; upon which
+Black-beard hailed him in this rude manner: "Damn you for villains, who
+are you; and from whence came you?" The lieutenant made him answer, "You
+may see by our colors we are no pirates." Black-beard bid him send his
+boat on board that he might see who he was; but Mr. Maynard replied
+thus: "I cannot spare my boat, but I will come aboard of you as soon as
+I can with my sloop." Upon this Black-beard took a glass of liquor, and
+drank to him with these words: "Damnation seize my soul if I give you
+quarter, or take any from you." In answer to which Mr. Maynard told him
+"that he expected no quarter from him, nor should he give him any."
+
+By this time Black-beard's sloop fleeted as Mr. Maynard's sloops were
+rowing towards him, which being not above a foot high in the waist, and
+consequently the men all exposed, as they came near together (there
+being hitherto little or no execution done on either side), the pirate
+fired a broadside charged with all manner of small shot. A fatal stroke
+to them!--the sloop the lieutenant was in having twenty men killed and
+wounded, and the other sloop nine. This could not be helped, for there
+being no wind, they were obliged to keep to their oars, otherwise the
+pirate would have got away from him, which it seems, the lieutenant was
+resolute to prevent.
+
+After this unlucky blow Black-beard's sloop fell broadside to the shore;
+Mr. Maynard's other sloop, which was called the _Ranger_, fell astern,
+being for the present disabled. So the lieutenant, finding his own sloop
+had way and would soon be on board of Teach, he ordered all his men
+down, for fear of another broadside, which must have been their
+destruction and the loss of their expedition. Mr. Maynard was the only
+person that kept the deck, except the man at the helm, whom he directed
+to lie down snug, and the men in the hold were ordered to get their
+pistols and their swords ready for close fighting, and to come up at his
+command; in order to which two ladders were placed in the hatchway for
+the more expedition. When the lieutenant's sloop boarded the other
+Captain Teach's men threw in several new-fashioned sort of grenades,
+viz., case-bottles filled with powder and small shot, slugs, and pieces
+of lead or iron, with a quick-match in the mouth of it, which, being
+lighted without side, presently runs into the bottle to the powder, and,
+as it is instantly thrown on board, generally does great execution
+besides putting all the crew into a confusion. But, by good Providence,
+they had not that effect here, the men being in the hold. Black-beard,
+seeing few or no hands aboard, told his men "that they were all knocked
+to head, except three or four; and therefore," says he, "let's jump on
+board and cut them to pieces."
+
+Whereupon, under the smoke of one of the bottles just mentioned,
+Black-beard enters with fourteen men over the bows of Maynard's sloop,
+and were not seen by him until the air cleared. However, he just then
+gave a signal to his men, who all rose in an instant, and attacked the
+pirates with as much bravery as ever was done upon such an occasion.
+Black-beard and the lieutenant fired the first shots at each other, by
+which the pirate received a wound, and then engaged with swords, till
+the lieutenant's unluckily broke, and stepping back to cock a pistol,
+Black-beard, with his cutlass, was striking at that instant that one of
+Maynard's men gave him a terrible wound in the neck and throat, by which
+the lieutenant came off with only a small cut over his fingers.
+
+They were now closely and warmly engaged, the lieutenant and twelve men
+against Black-beard and fourteen, till the sea was tinctured with blood
+round the vessel. Black-beard received a shot into his body from the
+pistol that Lieutenant Maynard discharged, yet he stood his ground, and
+fought with great fury till he received five-and-twenty wounds, and five
+of them by shot. At length, as he was cocking another pistol, having
+fired several before, he fell down dead; by which time eight more out of
+the fourteen dropped, and all the rest, much wounded, jumped overboard
+and called out for quarter, which was granted, though it was only
+prolonging their lives a few days. The sloop _Ranger_ came up and
+attacked the men that remained in Black-beard's sloop with equal
+bravery, till they likewise cried for quarter.
+
+Here was an end of that courageous brute, who might have passed in the
+world for a hero had he been employed in a good cause.
+
+The lieutenant caused Black-beard's head to be severed from his body,
+and hung up at the boltsprit end; then he sailed to Bath Town, to get
+relief for his wounded men.
+
+In rummaging the pirate's sloop, they found several letters and written
+papers, which discovered the correspondence between Governor Eden, the
+secretary and collector, and also some traders at New York, and
+Black-beard. It is likely he had regard enough for his friends to have
+destroyed these papers before action, in order to hinder them from
+falling into such hands, where the discovery would be of no use either
+to the interest or reputation of these fine gentlemen, if it had not
+been his fixed resolution to have blown up together, when he found no
+possibility of escaping.
+
+When the lieutenant came to Bath Town, he made bold to seize from the
+governor's storehouse the sixty hogsheads of sugar, and from honest Mr.
+Knight, twenty; which it seems was their dividend of the plunder taken
+in the French ship. The latter did not survive this shameful discovery,
+for, being apprehensive that he might be called to an account for these
+trifles, fell sick, it is thought, with the fright, and died in a few
+days.
+
+After the wounded men were pretty well recovered, the lieutenant sailed
+back to the men-of-war in James River, in Virginia, with Black-beard's
+head still hanging at the boltsprit end, and fifteen prisoners, thirteen
+of whom were hanged, it appearing, upon trial, that one of them, viz.,
+Samuel Odell, was taken out of the trading sloop but the night before
+the engagement. This poor fellow was a little unlucky at his first
+entering upon his new trade, there appearing no less than seventy wounds
+upon him after the action; notwithstanding which he lived and was cured
+of them all. The other person that escaped the gallows was one Israel
+Hands, the master of Black-beard's sloop, and formerly captain of the
+same, before the _Queen Ann's Revenge_ was lost in Topsail inlet.
+
+The aforesaid Hands happened not to be in the fight, but was taken
+afterwards ashore at Bath Town, having been sometime before disabled by
+Black-beard, in one of his savage humors, after the following manner:
+One night, drinking in his cabin with Hands, the pilot, and another man,
+Black-beard, without any provocation, privately draws out a small pair
+of pistols, and cocks them under the table, which being perceived by the
+man, he withdrew and went upon deck, leaving Hands, the pilot, and the
+captain together. When the pistols were ready he blew out the candle,
+and, crossing his hands, discharged them at his company; Hands, the
+master, was shot through the knee and lamed for life, the other pistol
+did no execution. Being asked the meaning of this, he only answered by
+damning them, that "if he did not now and then kill one of them, they
+would forget who he was."
+
+Hands being taken, was tried and condemned, but just as he was about to
+be executed a ship arrived at Virginia with a proclamation for
+prolonging the time of his Majesty's pardon to such of the pirates as
+should surrender by a limited time therein expressed. Notwithstanding
+the sentence, Hands pleaded the pardon, and was allowed the benefit of
+it, and was alive some time ago in London, begging his bread.
+
+Now that we have given some account of Teach's life and actions, it
+will not be amiss that we speak of his beard, since it did not a little
+contribute towards making his name so terrible in those parts.
+
+Plutarch and other grave historians have taken notice that several great
+men amongst the Romans took their surnames from certain odd marks in
+their countenances--as Cicero, from a mark, or vetch, on his nose--so
+our hero, Captain Teach, assumed the cognomen of Black-beard, from that
+large quantity of hair which, like a frightful meteor, covered his whole
+face, and frightened America more than any comet that has appeared there
+a long time.
+
+This beard was black, which he suffered to grow of an extravagant
+length; as to breadth, it came up to his eyes. He was accustomed to
+twist it with ribbons, in small tails, after the manner of our Ramilie
+wigs, and turn them about his ears. In time of action he wore a sling
+over his shoulders, with three brace of pistols hanging in holsters like
+bandoliers, and stuck lighted matches under his hat, which, appearing on
+each side of his face, his eyes naturally looking fierce and wild, made
+him altogether such a figure that imagination cannot form an idea of a
+fury from hell to look more frightful.
+
+If he had the look of a fury, his humors and passions were suitable to
+it.
+
+In the commonwealth of pirates, he who goes the greatest length of
+wickedness is looked upon with a kind of envy amongst them as a person
+of a more extraordinary gallantry, and is thereby entitled to be
+distinguished by some post, and if such a one has but courage, he must
+certainly be a great man. The hero of whom we are writing was thoroughly
+accomplished this way, and some of his frolics of wickedness were so
+extravagant, as if he aimed at making his men believe he was a devil
+incarnate; for being one day at sea, and a little flushed with drink,
+"Come," says he, "let us make a hell of our own, and try how long we can
+bear it." Accordingly he, with two or three others, went down into the
+hold, and closing up all the hatches, filled several pots full of
+brimstone and other combustible matter, and set it on fire, and so
+continued till they were almost suffocated, when some of the men cried
+out for air. At length he opened the hatches, not a little pleased that
+he held out the longest.
+
+The night before he was killed he sat up and drank till the morning with
+some of his own men and the master of a merchantman; and having had
+intelligence of the two sloops coming to attack him, as has been before
+observed, one of his men asked him, in case anything should happen to
+him in the engagement with the sloops, whether his wife knew where he
+had buried his money? He answered, "That nobody but himself and the
+devil knew where it was, and the longest liver should take all."
+
+Those of his crew who were taken alive told a story which may appear a
+little incredible; however, we think it will not be fair to omit it
+since we had it from their own mouths. That once upon a cruise they
+found out that they had a man on board more than their crew; such a one
+was seen several days amongst them, sometimes below and sometimes upon
+deck, yet no man in the ship could give an account who he was, or from
+whence he came, but that he disappeared a little before they were cast
+away in their great ship; but it seems they verily believed it was the
+devil.
+
+One would think these things should induce them to reform their lives,
+but so many reprobates together, encouraged and spirited one another up
+in their wickedness, to which a continual course of drinking did not a
+little contribute, for in Black-beard's journal, which was taken, there
+were several memorandums of the following nature found writ with his own
+hand: Such a day rum all out; our company somewhat sober; a damned
+confusion amongst us; rouges a-plotting; great talk of separation; so I
+looked sharp for a prize; such a day took one with a great deal of
+liquor on board, so kept the company hot, damned hot, then all things
+went well again.
+
+Thus it was these wretches passed their lives, with very little pleasure
+or satisfaction in the possession of what they violently take away from
+others, and sure to pay for it at last by an ignominious death.
+
+The names of the pirates killed in the engagement, are as follows:--
+
+Edward Teach, commander; Philip Morton, gunner; Garret Gibbens,
+boatswain; Owen Roberts, carpenter; Thomas Miller, quartermaster; John
+Husk, Joseph Curtice, Joseph Brooks (1), Nath. Jackson. All the rest,
+except the two last, were wounded, and afterwards hanged in
+Virginia:--John Carnes, Joseph Brooks (2), James Blake, John Gills,
+Thomas Gates, James White, Richard Stiles, Cæsar, Joseph Philips, James
+Robbins, John Martin, Edward Salter, Stephen Daniel, Richard Greensail,
+Israel Hands, pardoned, Samuel Odel, acquitted.
+
+There were in the pirate sloops, and ashore in a tent near where the
+sloops lay, twenty-five hogsheads of sugar, eleven tierces, and one
+hundred and forty-five bags of cocoa, a barrel of indigo, and a bale of
+cotton; which, with what was taken from the governor and secretary, and
+the sale of the sloop, came to £2,500, besides the rewards paid by the
+governor of Virginia, pursuant to his proclamation; all which was
+divided among the companies of the two ships, _Lime_ and _Pearl_, that
+lay in James River; the brave fellows that took them coming in for no
+more than their dividend amongst the rest, and were paid it not till
+four years afterwards.
+
+
+II
+
+CAPTAIN WILLIAM KID
+
+We are now going to give an account of one whose name is better known in
+England than most of those whose histories we have already related; the
+person we mean is Captain Kid, whose public trial and execution here
+rendered him the subject of all conversation, so that his actions have
+been chanted about in ballads; however, it is now a considerable time
+since these things passed, and though the people knew in general that
+Captain Kid was hanged, and that his crime was piracy, yet there were
+scarce any, even at that time, who were acquainted with his life or
+actions, or could account for his turning pirate.
+
+In the beginning of King William's war, Captain Kid commanded a
+privateer in the West Indies, and by several adventurous actions
+acquired the reputation of a brave man, as well as an experienced
+seaman. About this time the pirates were very troublesome in those
+parts, wherefore Captain Kid was recommended by the Lord Bellamont, then
+governor of Barbadoes, as well as by several other persons, to the
+Government here, as a person very fit to be entrusted with the command
+of a Government ship, and to be employed in cruising upon the pirates,
+as knowing those seas perfectly well, and being acquainted with all
+their lurking places; but what reasons governed the politics of those
+times I cannot tell, but this proposal met with no encouragement here,
+though it is certain it would have been of great consequence to the
+subject, our merchants suffering incredible damages by those robbers.
+
+Upon this neglect the Lord Bellamont and some others, who knew what
+great captures had been made by the pirates, and what a prodigious
+wealth must be in their possession, were tempted to fit out a ship at
+their own private charge, and to give the command of it to Captain Kid;
+and to give the thing a great reputation, as well as to keep their
+seamen under the better command, they procured the King's Commission for
+the said Captain Kid, of which the following is an exact copy:--
+
+    "WILLIAM REX,--William the Third, by the grace of God, King of
+    England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c.
+    To our trusty and well-beloved Captain William Kid, Commander of the
+    ship the _Adventure_ galley, or to any other the commander of the
+    same for the time being, greeting; Whereas we are informed, that
+    Captain Thomas Too, John Ireland, Captain Thomas Wake, and Captain
+    William Maze, or Mace, and other subjects, natives or inhabitants of
+    New York, and elsewhere, in our plantations in America, have
+    associated themselves, with divers others, wicked and ill-disposed
+    persons, and do, against the law of nations, commit many and great
+    piracies, robberies, and depredations on the seas upon the parts of
+    America, and in other parts, to the great hindrance and
+    discouragement of trade and navigation, and to the great danger and
+    hurt of our loving subjects, our allies, and all others, navigating
+    the seas upon their lawful occasions. Now know ye, that we being
+    desirous to prevent the aforesaid mischiefs, and, as much as in us
+    lies, to bring the said pirates, freebooters and sea-rovers to
+    justice, have thought fit, and do hereby give and grant to the said
+    William Kid (to whom our Commissioners for exercising the office of
+    Lord High Admiral of England, have granted a commission as a private
+    man-of-war, bearing date December 11, 1695), and unto the commander
+    of the said ship for the time being, and unto the officers,
+    mariners, and others, which shall be under your command, full power
+    and authority to apprehend, seize, and take into your custody as
+    well the said Captain Thomas Too, John Ireland, Captain Thomas Wake,
+    and Captain William Maze, or Mace, as all such pirates, freebooters
+    and sea-rovers, being either our subjects, or of other nations
+    associated with them, which you shall meet with upon the seas or
+    coasts of America, or upon any other seas or coasts, with all their
+    ships and vessels; and all such merchandises, money, goods, and
+    wares as shall be found on board, or with them, in case they shall
+    willingly yield themselves; but if they will not yield without
+    fighting, then you are by force to compel them to yield. And we do
+    also require you to bring, or cause to be brought, such pirates,
+    freebooters, or sea-rovers, as you shall seize, to a legal trial, to
+    the end they may be proceeded against according to the law in such
+    cases. And we do hereby command all our officers, ministers, and
+    other our loving subjects whatsoever, to be aiding and assisting to
+    you in the premisses. And we do hereby enjoin you to keep an exact
+    journal of your proceedings in the execution of the premisses, and
+    set down the names of such pirates, and of their officers and
+    company, and the names of such ships and vessels as you shall by
+    virtue of these presents take and seize, and the quantities of arms,
+    ammunition, provision, and lading of such ships, and the true value
+    of the same, as near as you judge. And we do hereby strictly charge
+    and command you as you will answer the contrary at your peril, that
+    you do not, in any manner, offend or molest our friends or allies,
+    their ships, or subjects, by colour or pretence of these presents,
+    or the authority thereby granted. In witness whereof we have caused
+    our Great Seal of England to be affixed to these presents. Given at
+    our Court of Kensington, the 26th day of January, 1695, in the
+    seventh year of our reign."
+
+Captain Kid had also another commission, which was called a Commission
+of Reprisals; for it being then war time, this commission was to justify
+him in the taking of French merchant ships, in case he should meet with
+any.
+
+With these two commissions he sailed out of Plymouth in May, 1696, in
+the _Adventure_ galley of thirty guns and eighty men. The place he first
+designed for was New York; in his voyage thither he took a French
+banker, but this was no act of piracy, he having a commission for that
+purpose, as we have just observed.
+
+When he arrived at New York he put up articles for engaging more hands,
+it being necessary to his ship's crew, since he proposed to deal with a
+desperate enemy. The terms he offered were that every man should have a
+share of what was taken, reserving for himself and owners forty shares.
+Upon which encouragement he soon increased his company to a hundred and
+fifty-five men.
+
+With this company he sailed first for Madeira, where he took in wine
+and some other necessaries; from thence he proceeded to Bonavist, one of
+the Cape de Verde islands, to furnish the ship with salt, and from
+thence went immediately to St. Jago, another of the Cape de Verde
+islands, in order to stock himself with provisions. When all this was
+done he bent his course to Madagascar, the known rendezvous of pirates.
+In his way he fell in with Captain Warren, commodore of three
+men-of-war; he acquainted them with his design, kept them company two or
+three days, and then leaving them made the best way for Madagascar,
+where he arrived in February, 1696, just nine months from his departure
+from Plymouth.
+
+It happened that at this time the pirate ships were most of them out in
+search of prey, so that, according to the best intelligence Captain Kid
+could get, there was not one of them at this time about the island,
+wherefore, having spent some time in watering his ship and taking in
+more provisions, he thought of trying his fortune on the coast of
+Malabar, where he arrived in the month of June following, four months
+from his reaching Madagascar. Hereabouts he made an unsuccessful cruise,
+touching sometimes at the island of Mahala, sometimes at that of Joanna,
+between Malabar and Madagascar. His provisions were every day wasting,
+and his ship began to want repair; wherefore, when he was at Joanna, he
+found means of borrowing a sum of money from some Frenchmen who had lost
+their ship, but saved their effects, and with this he purchased
+materials for putting his ship in good repair.
+
+It does not appear all this while that he had the least design of
+turning pirate, for near Mahala and Joanna both he met with several
+Indian ships richly laden, to which he did not offer the least violence,
+though he was strong enough to have done what he pleased with them; and
+the first outrage or depredation I find he committed upon mankind was
+after his repairing his ship and leaving Joanna. He touched at a place
+called Mabbee, upon the Red Sea, where he took some Guinea corn from the
+natives, by force.
+
+After this he sailed to Bab's Key, a place upon a little island at the
+entrance of the Red Sea. Here it was that he first began to open himself
+to his ship's company, and let them understand that he intended to
+change his measures; for, happening to talk of the Moca fleet which was
+to sail that way, he said, "We have been unsuccessful hitherto; but
+courage, my boys, we'll make our fortunes out of this fleet." And
+finding that none of them appeared averse to it he ordered a boat out,
+well manned, to go upon the coast to make discoveries, commanding them
+to take a prisoner and bring to him, or get intelligence any way they
+could. The boat returned in a few days, bringing him word that they saw
+fourteen or fifteen ships ready to sail, some with English, some with
+Dutch, and some with Moorish colors.
+
+We cannot account for this sudden change in his conduct, otherwise than
+by supposing that he first meant well, while he had hopes of making his
+fortune by taking of pirates; but now, weary of ill-success, and fearing
+lest his owners, out of humor at their great expenses, should dismiss
+him, and he should want employment, and be marked out for an unlucky
+man--rather, I say, than run the hazard of poverty, he resolved to do
+his business one way, since he could not do it another.
+
+He therefore ordered a man continually to watch at the mast-head, lest
+this fleet should go by them; and about four days after, towards evening
+it appeared in sight, being convoyed by one English and one Dutch
+man-of-war. Kid soon fell in with them, and, getting into the midst of
+them, fired at a Moorish ship which was next him; but the men-of-war,
+taking the alarm, bore down upon Kid, and, firing upon him, obliged him
+to sheer off, he not being strong enough to contend with them. Now he
+had begun hostilities he resolved to go on, and therefore he went and
+cruised along the coast of Malabar. The first prize he met was a small
+vessel belonging to Aden; the vessel was Moorish, and the owners were
+Moorish merchants, but the master was an Englishman; his name was
+Parker. Kid forced him and a Portuguese that was called Don Antonio,
+which were all the Europeans on board, to take on with them; the first
+he designed as a pilot, and the last as an interpreter. He also used the
+men very cruelly, causing them to be hoisted up by the arms, and
+drubbed with a naked cutlass, to force them to discover whether they had
+money on board, and where it lay; but as they had neither gold nor
+silver on board he got nothing by his cruelty; however, he took from
+them a bale of pepper, and a bale of coffee, and so let them go.
+
+A little time after he touched at Carawar, a place upon the same coast,
+where, before he arrived, the news of what he had done to the Moorish
+ship had reached them; for some of the English merchants there had
+received an account of it from the owners, who corresponded with them;
+wherefore, as soon as Kid came in, he was suspected to be the person who
+committed this piracy, and one Mr. Harvey and Mr. Mason, two of the
+English factory, came on board and asked for Parker and Antonio, the
+Portuguese, but Kid denied that he knew any such persons, having secured
+them both in a private place in the hold, where they were kept for seven
+or eight days, that is till Kid sailed from thence.
+
+However, the coast was alarmed, and a Portuguese man-of-war was sent out
+to cruise. Kid met with her, and fought her about six hours, gallantly
+enough; but finding her too strong to be taken, he quitted her, for he
+was able to run away from her when he would. Then he went to a place
+called Porco, where he watered the ship, and bought a number of hogs of
+the natives to victual his company.
+
+Soon after this he came up with a Moorish ship, the master whereof was a
+Dutchman, called Schipper Mitchel, and chased her under French colors,
+which, they observing, hoisted French colors too. When he came up with
+her he hailed her in French, and they, having a Frenchman on board,
+answered him in the same language; upon which he ordered them to send
+their boat on board. They were obliged to do so, and having examined who
+they were, and from whence they came, he asked the Frenchman, who was a
+passenger, if he had a French pass for himself? The Frenchman gave him
+to understand that he had. Then he told the Frenchman he must pass for
+captain, and "by G--d," says he, "you are the captain." The Frenchman
+durst not refuse doing as he would have him. The meaning of this was,
+that he would seize the ship as fair prize, and as if she had belonged
+to French subjects, according to a commission he had for that purpose;
+though, one would think, after what he had already done, that he need
+not have recourse to a quibble to give his actions a color.
+
+In short, he took the cargo and sold it some time after; yet still he
+seemed to have some fears upon him lest these proceedings should have a
+bad end, for, coming up with a Dutch ship some time, when his men
+thought of nothing but attacking her, Kid opposed it; upon which a
+mutiny arose, and the majority being for taking the said ship, and
+arming themselves to man the boat to go and seize her, he told them,
+such as did, never should come on board him again, which put an end to
+the design, so that he kept company with the said ship some time,
+without offering her any violence. However, this dispute was the
+occasion of an accident, upon which an indictment was afterwards
+grounded against Kid; for Moor, the gunner, being one day upon deck, and
+talking with Kid about the said Dutch ship, some words arose between
+them, and Moor told Kid that he had ruined them all; upon which Kid,
+calling him dog, took up a bucket and struck him with it, which,
+breaking his skull, he died the next day.
+
+But Kid's penitential fit did not last long, for, coasting along
+Malabar, he met with a great number of boats, all which he plundered.
+Upon the same coast he also lighted upon a Portuguese ship, which he
+kept possession of a week, and then, having taken out of her some chests
+of Indian goods, thirty jars of butter, with some wax, iron, and a
+hundred bags of rice, he let her go.
+
+Much about the same time he went to one of the Malabar islands for wood
+and water, and his cooper, being ashore, was murdered by the natives;
+upon which Kid himself landed, and burnt and pillaged several of their
+houses, the people running away; but having taken one, he caused him to
+be tied to a tree, and commanded one of his men to shoot him; then
+putting to sea again he took the greatest prize which fell into his
+hands while he followed his trade. This was a Moorish ship of four
+hundred tons, richly laden, named the _Queda_, merchant, the master
+whereof was an Englishman--he was called Wright, for the Indians often
+make use of English or Dutch men to command their ships, their own
+mariners not being so good artists in navigation. Kid chased her under
+French colors, and, having come up with her, he ordered her to hoist out
+her boat and to send on board of him, which, being done, he told Wright
+he was his prisoner; and informing himself concerning the said ship, he
+understood there were no Europeans on board except two Dutch, and one
+Frenchman, all the rest being Indians or Armenians, and that the
+Armenians were part owners of the cargo. Kid gave the Armenians to
+understand that if they would offer anything that was worth his taking
+for their ransom, he would hearken to it; upon which they proposed to
+pay him twenty thousand rupees, not quite three thousand pounds
+sterling; but Kid judged this would be making a bad bargain, wherefore
+he rejected it, and setting the crew on shore at different places on the
+coast, he soon sold as much of the cargo as came to near ten thousand
+pounds. With part of it he also trafficked, receiving in exchange
+provisions or such other goods as he wanted. By degrees he disposed of
+the whole cargo, and when the division was made it came to about two
+hundred pounds a man, and, having reserved forty shares to himself, his
+dividend amounted to about eight thousand pounds sterling.
+
+The Indians along the coast came on board and trafficked with all
+freedom, and he punctually performed his bargains, till about the time
+he was ready to sail; and then, thinking he should have no further
+occasion for them, he made no scruple of taking their goods and setting
+them on shore without any payment in money or goods, which they little
+expected; for as they had been used to deal with pirates, they always
+found them men of honor in the way of trade--a people, enemies to
+deceit, and that scorned to rob but in their own way.
+
+Kid put some of his men on board the _Queda_, merchant, and with this
+ship and his own sailed for Madagascar. As soon as he was arrived and
+had cast anchor there came on board of him a canoe, in which were
+several Englishmen who had formerly been well acquainted with Kid. As
+soon as they saw him they saluted him and told him they were informed he
+was come to take them, and hang them, which would be a little unkind in
+such an old acquaintance. Kid soon dissipated their doubts by swearing
+he had no such design, and that he was now in every respect their
+brother, and just as bad as they, and, calling for a cup of bomboo,
+drank their captain's health.
+
+These men belonged to a pirate ship, called the _Resolution_, formerly
+the _Mocco_, merchant, whereof one Captain Culliford was commander, and
+which lay at an anchor not far from them. Kid went on board with them,
+promising them his friendship and assistance, and Culliford in his turn
+came on board of Kid; and Kid, to testify his sincerity in iniquity,
+finding Culliford in want of some necessaries, made him a present of an
+anchor and some guns, to fit him out for the sea again.
+
+The _Adventure_ galley was now so old and leaky that they were forced to
+keep two pumps continually going, wherefore Kid shifted all the guns and
+tackle out of her into the _Queda_, merchant, intending her for his
+man-of-war; and as he had divided the money before, he now made a
+division of the remainder of the cargo. Soon after which the greatest
+part of the company left him, some going on board Captain Culliford, and
+others absconding in the country, so that he had not above forty men
+left.
+
+He put to sea and happened to touch at Amboyna, one of the Dutch spice
+islands, where he was told that the news of his actions had reached
+England, and that he was there declared a pirate.
+
+The truth of it is, his piracies so alarmed our merchants that some
+motions were made in Parliament, to inquire into the commission that was
+given him, and the persons who fitted him out. These proceedings seemed
+to lean a little hard upon the Lord Bellamont, who thought himself so
+much touched thereby that he published a justification of himself in a
+pamphlet after Kid's execution. In the meantime it was thought
+advisable, in order to stop the course of these piracies, to publish a
+proclamation, offering the king's free pardon to all such pirates as
+should voluntarily surrender themselves, whatever piracies they had been
+guilty of at any time, before the last day of April, 1699. That is to
+say, for all piracies committed eastward of the Cape of Good Hope, to
+the longitude and meridian of Socatora and Cape Camorin. In which
+proclamation Avery[12] and Kid were excepted by name.
+
+When Kid left Amboyna he knew nothing of this proclamation, for
+certainly had he had notice of his being excepted in it he would not
+have been so infatuated to run himself into the very jaws of danger; but
+relying upon his interest with the Lord Bellamont, and fancying that a
+French pass or two he found on board some of the ships he took would
+serve to countenance the matter, and that part of the booty he got would
+gain him new friends--I say, all these things made him flatter himself
+that all would be hushed, and that justice would but wink at him.
+Wherefore he sailed directly for New York, where he was no sooner
+arrived but by the Lord Bellamont's orders he was secured with all his
+papers and effects. Many of his fellow-adventurers who had forsook him
+at Madagascar, came over from thence passengers, some to New England,
+and some to Jersey, where, hearing of the king's proclamation for
+pardoning of pirates, they surrendered themselves to the governor of
+those places. At first they were admitted to bail, but soon after were
+laid in strict confinement, where they were kept for some time, till an
+opportunity happened of sending them with their captain over to England
+to be tried.
+
+Accordingly, a Sessions of Admiralty being held at the Old Bailey, in
+May, 1701, Captain Kid, Nicholas Churchill, James How, Robert Lumley,
+William Jenkins, Gabriel Loff, Hugh Parrot, Richard Barlicorn, Abel
+Owens, and Darby Mullins, were arraigned for piracy and robbery on the
+high seas, and all found guilty except three: these were Robert Lumley,
+William Jenkins, and Richard Barlicorn, who, proving themselves to be
+apprentices to some of the officers of the ship, and producing their
+indentures in court, were acquitted.
+
+The three above mentioned, though they were proved to be concerned in
+taking and sharing the ship and goods mentioned in the indictment, yet,
+as the gentlemen of the long robe rightly distinguished, there was a
+great difference between their circumstances and the rest; for there
+must go an intention of the mind and a freedom of the will to the
+committing an act of felony or piracy. A pirate is not to be understood
+to be under constraint, but a free agent; for, in this case, the bare
+act will not make a man guilty, unless the will make it so.
+
+Kid was tried upon an indictment of murder also--viz., for killing Moor,
+the gunner--and found guilty of the same.
+
+As to Captain Kid's defense, he insisted much upon his own innocence,
+and the villainy of his men. He said he went out in a laudable
+employment, and had no occasion, being then in good circumstances, to go
+a-pirating; that the men often mutinied against him, and did as they
+pleased; that he was threatened to be shot in his cabin, and that
+ninety-five left him at one time, and set fire to his boat, so that he
+was disabled from bringing his ship home, or the prizes he took, to have
+them regularly condemned, which he said were taken by virtue of a
+commission under the broad seal, they having French passes. The captain
+called one Colonel Hewson to his reputation, who gave him an
+extraordinary character, and declared to the court that he had served
+under his command, and been in two engagements with him against the
+French, in which he fought as well as any man he ever saw; that there
+were only Kid's ship and his own against Monsieur du Cass, who commanded
+a squadron of six sail, and they got the better of him. But this being
+several years before the facts mentioned in the indictment were
+committed, proved of no manner of service to the prisoner on his trial.
+
+As to the friendship shown to Culliford, a notorious pirate, Kid denied,
+and said he intended to have taken him, but his men, being a parcel of
+rogues and villains, refused to stand by him, and several of them ran
+away from his ship to the said pirate. But the evidence being full and
+particular against him, he was found guilty as before mentioned.
+
+When Kid was asked what he had to say why sentence should not pass
+against him, he answered that "he had nothing to say, but that he had
+been sworn against by perjured, wicked people." And when sentence was
+pronounced, he said, "My lord, it is a very hard sentence. For my part I
+am the innocentest person of them all, only I have been sworn against by
+perjured persons."
+
+Wherefore, about a week after, Captain Kid, Nicholas Churchill, James
+How, Gabriel Loff, Hugh Parrot, Abel Owen, and Darby Mullins, were
+executed at Execution Dock, and afterwards hung up in chains, at some
+distance from each other down the river, where their bodies hung exposed
+for many years.
+
+
+III
+
+CAPTAIN BARTHOLOMEW ROBERTS AND HIS CREW
+
+Bartholomew Roberts sailed in an honest employ from London, aboard of
+the _Princess_, Captain Plumb, commander, of which ship he was second
+mate. He left England November, 1719, and arrived at Guinea about
+February following and being at Anamaboe, taking in slaves for the West
+Indies, was taken in the said ship by Captain Howel Davis. In the
+beginning he was very averse to this sort of life, and would certainly
+have escaped from them had a fair opportunity presented itself; yet
+afterwards he changed his principles, as many besides him have done upon
+another element, and perhaps for the same reason too, viz., preferment;
+and what he did not like as a private man he could reconcile to his
+conscience as a commander.
+
+Davis having been killed in the Island of Princes whilst planning to
+capture it with all its inhabitants, the company found themselves under
+the necessity of filling up his post, for which there appeared two or
+three candidates among the select part of them that were distinguished
+by the title of Lords--such were Sympson, Ashplant, Anstis, &c.--and on
+canvassing this matter, how shattered and weak a condition their
+government must be without a head, since Davis had been removed in the
+manner before mentioned, my Lord Dennis proposed, it is said, over a
+bowl, to this purpose:
+
+"That it was not of any great signification who was dignified with
+title, for really and in good truth all good governments had, like
+theirs, the supreme power lodged with the community, who might doubtless
+depute and revoke as suited interest or humor. We are the original of
+this claim," says he, "and should a captain be so saucy as to exceed
+prescription at any time, why, down with him! It will be a caution after
+he is dead to his successors of what fatal consequence any sort of
+assuming may be. However, it is my advice that while we are sober we
+pitch upon a man of courage and skilled in navigation, one who by his
+council and bravery seems best able to defend this commonwealth, and
+ward us from the dangers and tempests of an unstable element, and the
+fatal consequences of anarchy; and such a one I take Roberts to be--a
+fellow, I think, in all respects worthy your esteem and favor."
+
+This speech was loudly applauded by all but Lord Sympson, who had secret
+expectations himself, but on this disappointment grew sullen and left
+them, swearing "he did not care who they chose captain so it was not a
+papist, for against them he had conceived an irreconcilable hatred, for
+that his father had been a sufferer in Monmouth's rebellion."
+
+Roberts was accordingly elected, though he had not been above six weeks
+among them. The choice was confirmed both by the Lords and Commoners,
+and he accepted of the honor, saying that, since he had dipped his hands
+in muddy water and must be a pirate, it was better being a commander
+than a common man.
+
+As soon as the government was settled, by promoting other officers in
+the room of those that were killed by the Portuguese, the company
+resolved to avenge Captain Davis's death, he being more than ordinarily
+respected by the crew for his affability and good nature, as well as his
+conduct and bravery upon all occasions; and, pursuant to this
+resolution, about thirty men were landed, in order to make an attack
+upon the fort, which must be ascended to by a steep hill against the
+mouth of the cannon. These men were headed by one Kennedy, a bold,
+daring fellow, but very wicked and profligate; they marched directly up
+under the fire of their ship guns, and as soon as they were discovered,
+the Portuguese quitted their post and fled to the town, and the pirates
+marched in without opposition, set fire to the fort, and threw all the
+guns off the hill into the sea, which after they had done they retreated
+quietly to their ship.
+
+But this was not looked upon as a sufficient satisfaction for the injury
+they received, therefore most of the company were for burning the town,
+which Roberts said he would yield to if any means could be proposed of
+doing it without their own destruction, for the town had a securer
+situation than the fort, a thick wood coming almost close to it,
+affording cover to the defendants, who, under such an advantage, he told
+them, it was to be feared, would fire and stand better to their arms;
+beside, that bare houses would be but a slender reward for their trouble
+and loss. This prudent advice prevailed; however, they mounted the
+French ship they seized at this place with twelve guns, and lightened
+her, in order to come up to the town, the water being shoal, and
+battered down several houses; after which they all returned on board,
+gave back the French ship to those that had most right to her, and
+sailed out of the harbor by the light of two Portuguese ships, which
+they were pleased to set on fire there.
+
+Roberts stood away to the southward, and met with a Dutch Guineaman,
+which he made prize of, but, after having plundered her, the skipper had
+his ship again. Two days after he took an English ship, called the
+_Experiment_, Captain Cornet, at Cape Lopez; the men went all into the
+pirate service, and having no occasion for the ship they burnt her and
+then steered for St. Thome, but meeting with nothing in their way, they
+sailed for Annabona, and there watered, took in provisions, and put it
+to a vote of the company whether their next voyage should be to the East
+Indies or to Brazil. The latter being resolved on, they sailed
+accordingly, and in twenty-eight days arrived at Ferdinando, an
+uninhabited island on that coast. Here they watered, boot-topped their
+ship, and made ready for the designed cruise.
+
+Upon this coast our rovers cruised for about nine weeks, keeping
+generally out of sight of land, but without seeing a sail, which
+discouraged them so that they determined to leave the station and steer
+for the West Indies; and, in order thereto, stood in to make the land
+for the taking of their departure; and thereby they fell in unexpectedly
+with a fleet of forty-two sail of Portuguese ships off the bay of Los
+Todos Santos, with all their lading in, for Lisbon, several of them of
+good force, who lay-to waiting for two men-of-war of seventy guns each,
+their convoy. However, Roberts thought it should go hard with him, but
+he would make up his market among them, and thereupon mixed with the
+fleet, and kept his men hid till proper resolutions could be formed.
+That done, they came close up to one of the deepest, and ordered her to
+send the master on board quietly, threatening to give them no quarter
+if any resistance or signal of distress was made. The Portuguese, being
+surprised at these threats, and the sudden flourish of cutlasses from
+the pirates, submitted without a word, and the captain came on board.
+Roberts saluted him after a friendly manner telling him that they were
+gentlemen of fortune, but that their business with him was only to be
+informed which was the richest ship in that fleet; and if he directed
+them right he should be restored to his ship without molestation,
+otherwise he must expect immediate death.
+
+Whereupon this Portuguese master pointed to one of forty guns and a
+hundred and fifty men, a ship of greater force than the _Rover_; but
+this no ways dismayed them; they were Portuguese, they said, and so
+immediately steered away for him. When they came within hail, the master
+whom they had prisoner was ordered to ask "how Seignior Captain did?"
+and to invite him on board, "for that he had a matter of consequence to
+impart to him;" which being done, he returned for answer that "he would
+wait upon him presently," but by the bustle that immediately followed,
+the pirates perceived that they were discovered, and that this was only
+a deceitful answer to gain time to put their ship in a posture of
+defense; so without further delay they poured in a broadside, boarded,
+and grappled her. The dispute was short and warm, wherein many of the
+Portuguese fell, and two only of the pirates. By this time the fleet was
+alarmed: signals of top-gallant sheets flying and guns fired to give
+notice to the men-of-war, who rid still at an anchor, and made but
+scurvy haste out to their assistance; and if what the pirates themselves
+related to be true, the commanders of those ships were blameable to the
+highest degree, and unworthy the title, or so much as the name, of men.
+For Roberts, finding the prize to sail heavy, and yet resolving not to
+lose her, lay by for the headmost of them, which much outsailed the
+other, and prepared for battle, which was ignominiously declined, though
+of such superior force; for, not daring to venture on the pirate alone,
+he tarried so long for his consort as gave them both time leisurely to
+make off.
+
+They found this ship exceedingly rich, being laden chiefly with sugar,
+skins, and tobacco, and in gold forty thousand moidores, besides chains
+and trinkets of considerable value; particularly a cross set with
+diamonds designed for the king of Portugal, which they afterwards
+presented to the governor of Caiana, by whom they were obliged.
+
+Elated with this booty, they had nothing now to think of but some safe
+retreat where they might give themselves up to all the pleasures that
+luxury and wantonness could bestow; and for the present pitched upon a
+place called the Devil's Islands in the river of Surinam, on the coast
+of Caiana, where they arrived, and found the civilest reception
+imaginable, not only from the governor and factory, but their wives,
+who exchanged wares, and drove a considerable trade with them.
+
+They seized in this river a sloop, and by her gained intelligence that a
+brigantine had also sailed in company with her from Rhode Island, laden
+with provisions for the coast--a welcome cargo! They growing short in
+the sea store, and, as Sancho says, "No adventures to be made without
+belly-timber." One evening, as they were rummaging their mine of
+treasure, the Portuguese prize, this expected vessel was descried at the
+masthead, and Roberts, imagining nobody could do the business so well as
+himself, takes forty men in the sloop, and goes in pursuit of her; but a
+fatal accident followed this rash, though inconsiderable adventure, for
+Roberts, thinking of nothing less than bringing in the brigantine that
+afternoon, never troubled his head about the sloop's provision, nor
+inquired what there was on board to subsist such a number of men; but
+out he sails after his expected prize, which he not only lost further
+sight of, but after eight days' contending with contrary winds and
+currents, found themselves thirty leagues to leeward. The current still
+opposing their endeavors, and perceiving no hopes of beating up to their
+ship, they came to an anchor, and inconsiderately sent away the boat to
+give the rest of the company notice of their condition, and to order the
+ship to them; but too soon--even the next day--their wants made them
+sensible of their infatuation, for their water was all expended, and
+they had taken no thought how they should be supplied till either the
+ship came or the boat returned, which was not likely to be under five or
+six days. Here, like Tantalus, they almost famished in sight of the
+fresh streams and lakes, being drove to such extremity at last that they
+were forced to tear up the floor of the cabin and patch up a sort of tub
+or tray with rope-yarns to paddle ashore and fetch off immediate
+supplies of water to preserve life.
+
+After some days the long-wished-for boat came back, but with the most
+unwelcome news in the world; for Kennedy, who was lieutenant, and left,
+in absence of Roberts, to command the privateer and prize, was gone off
+with both. This was mortification with a vengeance, and you may imagine
+they did not depart without some hard speeches from those that were left
+and had suffered by their treachery. And that there need be no further
+mention of this Kennedy, I shall leave Captain Roberts to vent his wrath
+in a few oaths and execrations, and follow the other, whom we may reckon
+from that time as steering his course towards Execution Dock.
+
+Kennedy was now chosen captain of the revolted crew, but could not bring
+his company to any determined resolution. Some of them were for pursuing
+the old game, but the greater part of them seemed to have inclinations
+to turn from those evil courses, and get home privately, for there was
+no act of pardon in force; therefore they agreed to break up, and every
+man to shift for himself, as he should see occasion. The first thing
+they did was to part with the great Portuguese prize, and having the
+master of the sloop (whose name, I think, was Cane) aboard, who, they
+said, was a very honest fellow--for he had humored them upon every
+occasion--told them of the brigantine that Roberts went after; and when
+the pirates first took him he complimented them at any odd rate, telling
+them they were welcome to his sloop and cargo, and wished that the
+vessel had been larger and the loading richer for their sakes. To this
+good-natured man they gave the Portuguese ship, which was then above
+half loaded, three or four negroes, and all his own men, who returned
+thanks to his kind benefactors, and departed.
+
+Captain Kennedy, in the _Rover_, sailed to Barbadoes, near which island
+they took a very peaceable ship belonging to Virginia. The commander was
+a Quaker, whose name was Knot; he had neither pistol, sword, nor cutlass
+on board; and Mr. Knot appearing so very passive to all they said to
+him, some of them thought this a good opportunity to go off; and
+accordingly eight of the pirates went aboard, and he carried them safe
+to Virginia. They made the Quaker a present of ten chests of sugar, ten
+rolls of Brazil tobacco, thirty moidores, and some gold dust, in all to
+the value of about £250. They also made presents to the sailors, some
+more, some less, and lived a jovial life all the while they were upon
+their voyage, Captain Knot giving them their way; nor, indeed, could he
+help himself, unless he had taken an opportunity to surprise them when
+they were either drunk or asleep, for awake they wore arms aboard the
+ship and put him in a continual terror, it not being his principle (or
+the sect's) to fight, unless with art and collusion. He managed these
+weapons well till he arrived at the Capes; and afterwards four of the
+pirates went off in a boat, which they had taken with them for the more
+easily making their escapes, and made up the bay towards Maryland, but
+were forced back by a storm into an obscure place of the country, where,
+meeting with good entertainment among the planters, they continued
+several days without being discovered to be pirates. In the meantime
+Captain Knot, leaving four others on board his ship who intended to go
+to North Carolina, made what haste he could to discover to Mr.
+Spotswood, the governor, what sort of passengers he had been forced to
+bring with him, who, by good fortune, got them seized; and search being
+made after the others, who were revelling about the country, they were
+also taken, and all tried, convicted, and hanged; two Portuguese Jews,
+who were taken on the coast of Brazil and whom they brought with them to
+Virginia, being the principal evidences. The latter had found means to
+lodge part of their wealth with the planters, who never brought it to
+account. But Captain Knot surrendered up everything that belonged to
+them that were taken aboard, even what they presented to him, in lieu
+of such things as they had plundered him of in their passage, and
+obliged his men to do the like.
+
+Some days after the taking of the Virginiaman last mentioned, in
+cruising in the latitude of Jamaica, Kennedy took a sloop bound thither
+from Boston, loaded with bread and flour; aboard of this sloop went all
+the hands who were for breaking the gang, and left those behind that had
+a mind to pursue further adventures. Among the former was Kennedy, their
+captain, of whose honor they had such a despicable notion that they were
+about to throw him overboard when they found him in the sloop, as
+fearing he might betray them all at their return to England; he having
+in his childhood been bred a pick-pocket, and before he became a pirate
+a house-breaker; both professions that these gentlemen have a very mean
+opinion of. However, Captain Kennedy, by taking solemn oaths of fidelity
+to his companions, was suffered to proceed with them.
+
+In this company there was but one that pretended to any skill in
+navigation (for Kennedy could neither write nor read, he being preferred
+to the command merely for his courage, which indeed he had often
+signalized, particularly in taking the Portuguese ship), and he proved
+to be a pretender only; for, shaping their course to Ireland, where they
+agreed to land, they ran away to the north-west coast of Scotland, and
+there were tossed about by hard storms of wind for several days without
+knowing where they were, and in great danger of perishing. At length
+they pushed the vessel into a little creek and went all ashore, leaving
+the sloop at an anchor for the next comers.
+
+The whole company refreshed themselves at a little village about five
+miles from the place where they left the sloop, and passed there for
+shipwrecked sailors, and no doubt might have travelled on without
+suspicion, but the mad and riotous manner of their living on the road
+occasioned their journey to be cut short, as we shall observe presently.
+
+Kennedy and another left them here, and, travelling to one of the
+seaports, shipped themselves for Ireland, and arrived there in safety.
+Six or seven wisely withdrew from the rest, travelled at their leisure,
+and got to their much-desired port of London without being disturbed or
+suspected, but the main gang alarmed the country wherever they came,
+drinking and roaring at such a rate that the people shut themselves up
+in their houses, in some places not daring to venture out among so many
+mad fellows. In other villages they treated the whole town, squandering
+their money away as if, like Æsop, they wanted to lighten their
+burthens. This expensive manner of living procured two of their drunken
+stragglers to be knocked on the head, they being found murdered in the
+road and their money taken from them. All the rest, to the number of
+seventeen, as they drew nigh to Edinburgh, were arrested and thrown
+into gaol upon suspicion of they knew not what; however, the magistrates
+were not long at a loss for proper accusations, for two of the gang
+offering themselves for evidences were accepted of, and the others were
+brought to a speedy trial, whereof nine were convicted and executed.
+
+Kennedy having spent all his money, came over from Ireland and kept a
+public-house on Deptford Road, and now and then it was thought, made an
+excursion abroad in the way of his former profession, till one of his
+household gave information against him for a robbery, for which he was
+committed to Bridewell; but because she would not do the business by
+halves she found out a mate of a ship that Kennedy had committed piracy
+upon, as he foolishly confessed to her. This mate, whose name was Grant,
+paid Kennedy a visit in Bridewell, and knowing him to be the man,
+procured a warrant, and had him committed to the Marshalsea prison.
+
+The game that Kennedy had now to play was to turn evidence himself;
+accordingly he gave a list of eight or ten of his comrades, but, not
+being acquainted with their habitations, one only was taken, who, though
+condemned, appeared to be a man of a fair character, was forced into
+their service, and took the first opportunity to get from them, and
+therefore received a pardon; but Walter Kennedy, being a notorious
+offender, was executed July 19, 1721, at Execution Dock.
+
+The rest of the pirates who were left in the ship _Rover_ stayed not
+long behind, for they went ashore to one of the West India islands. What
+became of them afterwards I cannot tell, but the ship was found at sea
+by a sloop belonging to _St. Christophers_, and carried into that island
+with only nine negroes aboard.
+
+Thus we see what a disastrous fate ever attends the wicked, and how
+rarely they escape the punishment due to their crimes, who, abandoned to
+such a profligate life, rob, spoil, and prey upon mankind, contrary to
+the light and law of nature, as well as the law of God. It might have
+been hoped that the examples of these deaths would have been as marks to
+the remainder of this gang, how to shun the rocks their companions had
+split on; that they would have surrendered to mercy, or divided
+themselves for ever from such pursuits, as in the end they might be sure
+would subject them to the same law and punishment, which they must be
+conscious they now equally deserved; impending law, which never let them
+sleep well unless when drunk. But all the use that was made of it here,
+was to commend the justice of the court that condemned Kennedy, for he
+was a sad dog, they said, and deserved the fate he met with.
+
+But to go back to Roberts, whom we left on the coast of Caiana, in a
+grievous passion at what Kennedy and the crew had done, and who was now
+projecting new adventures with his small company in the sloop; but
+finding hitherto they had been but as a rope of sand, they formed a set
+of articles to be signed and sworn to for the better conservation of
+their society, and doing justice to one another, excluding all Irishmen
+from the benefit of it, to whom they had an implacable aversion upon the
+account of Kennedy. How, indeed, Roberts could think that an oath would
+be obligatory where defiance had been given to the laws of God and man,
+I cannot tell, but he thought their greatest security lay in this--"that
+it was every one's interest to observe them, if they minded to keep up
+so abominable a combination."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following is the substance of articles as taken from the pirates'
+own informations:--
+
+
+I
+
+Every man has a vote in affairs of moment, has equal title to the fresh
+provisions or strong liquors at any time seized, and may use them at
+pleasure, unless a scarcity (no uncommon thing among them) make it
+necessary for the good of all to vote a retrenchment.
+
+
+II
+
+Every man to be called fairly in turn by list, on board of prizes,
+because, over and above their proper share, they were on these occasions
+allowed a shift of clothes. But if they defrauded the company to the
+value of a dollar, in plate, jewels, or money, marooning was their
+punishment. (This was a barbarous custom of putting the offender on
+shore, on some desolate or uninhabited cape or island, with a gun, a few
+shot, a bottle of water, a bottle of powder, to subsist with or starve.)
+If the robbery was only between one another, they contented themselves
+with slitting the ears and nose of him that was guilty, and set him on
+shore, not in an uninhabited place, but somewhere where he was sure to
+encounter hardships.
+
+
+III
+
+No person to game at cards or dice for money.
+
+
+IV
+
+The lights and candles to be put out at eight o'clock at night. If any
+of the crew after that hour still remained inclined for drinking, they
+were to do it on the open deck. (Which Roberts believed would give a
+check to their debauches, for he was a sober man himself, but found at
+length that all his endeavors to put an end to this debauch proved
+ineffectual.)
+
+
+V
+
+To keep their piece, pistols, and cutlass clean, and fit for service.
+(In this they were extravagantly nice, endeavoring to outdo one another
+in the beauty and richness of their arms, giving sometimes at an
+auction--at the mast--£30 or £40 a pair for pistols. These were slung in
+time of service, with different colored ribbons, over their shoulders,
+in a way peculiar to these fellows, in which they took great delight.)
+
+
+VI
+
+No boy or woman to be allowed amongst them. If any man were found
+seducing any of the latter sex, and carried her to sea disguised, he was
+to suffer death. (So that when any fell into their hands, as it chanced
+in the _Onslow_, they put a sentinel immediately over her to prevent ill
+consequences from so dangerous an instrument of division and quarrel;
+but then here lies the roguery--they contend who shall be sentinel,
+which happens generally to one of the greatest bullies.)
+
+
+VII
+
+To desert the ship or their quarters in battle, was punished with death
+or marooning.
+
+
+VIII
+
+No striking one another on board, but every man's quarrel to be ended on
+shore, at sword and pistol. Thus the quartermaster of the ship, when the
+parties will not come to any reconciliation, accompanies them on shore
+with what assistance he thinks proper, and turns the disputants back to
+back at so many paces distance. At the word of command they turn and
+fire immediately, or else the piece is knocked out of their hands. If
+both miss, they come to their cutlasses, and then he is declared victor
+who draws the first blood.
+
+
+IX
+
+No man to talk of breaking up their way of living till each had shared
+£1,000. If, in order to this, any man should lose a limb, or become a
+cripple in their service, he was to have 800 dollars out of the public
+stock, and for lesser hurts proportionably.
+
+
+X
+
+The captain and quartermaster to receive two shares of a prize; the
+master, boatswain, and gunner, one share and a half, the other officers
+one and a quarter.
+
+
+XI
+
+The musicians to have rest on the Sabbath-day, but the other six days
+and nights none without special favor.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These, we are assured, were some of Roberts's articles, but as they had
+taken care to throw overboard the original they had signed and sworn to,
+there is a great deal of room to suspect the remainder contained
+something too horrid to be disclosed to any, except such as were willing
+to be sharers in the iniquity of them. Let them be what they will, they
+were together the test of all newcomers, who were initiated by an oath
+taken on a Bible, reserved for that purpose only, and were subscribed to
+in presence of the worshipful Mr. Roberts. And in case any doubt should
+arise concerning the construction of these laws, and it should remain a
+dispute whether the party had infringed them or no, a jury was appointed
+to explain them, and bring in a verdict upon the case in doubt.
+
+Since we are now speaking of the laws of this company, I shall go on,
+and, in as brief a manner as I can, relate the principal customs and
+government of this roguish commonwealth, which are pretty near the same
+with all pirates.
+
+For the punishment of small offences which are not provided for by the
+articles, and which are not of consequence enough to be left to a jury,
+there is a principal officer among the pirates, called the
+quartermaster, of the men's own choosing, who claims all authority this
+way, excepting in time of battle. If they disobey his command, are
+quarrelsome and mutinous with one another, misuse prisoners, plunder
+beyond his order, and in particular, if they be negligent of their arms,
+which he musters at discretion, he punishes at his own arbitrament, with
+drubbing or whipping, which no one else dare do without incurring the
+lash from all the ship's company. In short, this officer is trustee for
+the whole, is the first on board any prize, separating for the company's
+use what he pleases, and returning what he thinks fit to the owners,
+excepting gold and silver, which they have voted not returnable.
+
+After a description of the quartermaster and his duty, who acts as a
+sort of civil magistrate on board a pirate ship, I shall consider their
+military officer, the captain; what privileges he exerts in such anarchy
+and unruliness of the members. Why, truly very little--they only permit
+him to be captain, on condition that they may be captain over him; they
+separate to his use the great cabin, and sometimes vote him small
+parcels of plate and china (for it may be noted that Roberts drank his
+tea constantly), but then every man, as the humor takes him, will use
+the plate and china, intrude into his apartment, swear at him, seize a
+part of his victuals and drink, if they like it, without his offering to
+find fault or contest it. Yet Roberts, by a better management than
+usual, became the chief director in everything of moment; and it
+happened thus:--The rank of captain being obtained by the suffrage of
+the majority, it falls on one superior for knowledge and
+boldness--pistol proof, as they call it--who can make those fear who do
+not love him. Roberts is said to have exceeded his fellows in these
+respects, and when advanced, enlarged the respect that followed it by
+making a sort of privy council of half a dozen of the greatest bullies,
+such as were his competitors, and had interest enough to make his
+government easy; yet even those, in the latter part of his reign, he had
+run counter to in every project that opposed his own opinion; for which,
+and because he grew reserved and would not drink and roar at their rate,
+a cabal was formed to take away his captainship, which death did more
+effectually.
+
+The captain's power is uncontrollable in chase or in battle, drubbing,
+cutting, or even shooting any one who dares deny his command. The same
+privilege he takes over prisoners, who receive good or ill usage mostly
+as he approves of their behavior, for though the meanest would take upon
+them to misuse a master of a ship, yet he would control herein when he
+sees it, and merrily over a bottle give his prisoners this double reason
+for it: first, that it preserved his precedence; and secondly, that it
+took the punishment out of the hands of a much more rash and mad set of
+fellows than himself. When he found that rigor was not expected from his
+people (for he often practiced it to appease them), then he would give
+strangers to understand that it was pure inclination that induced him to
+a good treatment of them, and not any love or partiality to their
+persons; for, says he, "there is none of you but will hang me, I know,
+whenever you can clinch me within your power."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+And now, seeing the disadvantages they were under for pursuing their
+plans, viz., a small vessel ill repaired, and without provisions or
+stores, they resolved, one and all, with the little supplies they could
+get, to proceed for the West Indies, not doubting to find a remedy for
+all these evils and to retrieve their loss.
+
+In the latitude of Deseada, one of the islands, they took two sloops,
+which supplied them with provisions and other necessaries, and a few
+days afterwards took a brigantine belonging to Rhode Island, and then
+proceeded to Barbadoes, off of which island they fell in with a Bristol
+ship of ten guns, in her voyage out, from whom they took abundance of
+clothes, some money, twenty-five bales of goods, five barrels of
+powder, a cable, hawser, ten casks of oatmeal, six casks of beef, and
+several other goods, besides five of their men; and after they had
+detained her three days let her go, who, being bound for the aforesaid
+island, she acquainted the governor with what had happened as soon as
+she arrived.
+
+Whereupon a Bristol galley that lay in the harbor was ordered to be
+fitted out with all imaginable expedition, of 20 guns and 80 men, there
+being then no man-of-war upon that station, and also a sloop with 10
+guns and 40 men. The galley was commanded by one Captain Rogers, of
+Bristol, and the sloop by Captain Graves, of that island, and Captain
+Rogers, by a commission from the governor, was appointed commodore.
+
+The second day after Rogers sailed out of the harbor he was discovered
+by Roberts, who, knowing nothing of their design, gave them chase. The
+Barbadoes ships kept an easy sail till the pirates came up with them,
+and then Roberts gave them a gun, expecting they would have immediately
+struck to his piratical flag; but instead thereof, he was forced to
+receive the fire of a broadside, with three huzzas at the same time, so
+that an engagement ensued; but Roberts, being hardly put to it, was
+obliged to crowd all the sail the sloop would bear to get off. The
+galley, sailing pretty well, kept company for a long while, keeping a
+constant fire, which galled the pirate; however, at length, by throwing
+over their guns and other heavy goods, and thereby lightening the
+vessel, they, with much ado, got clear; but Roberts could never endure a
+Barbadoes man afterwards, and when any ships belonging to that island
+fell in his way, he was more particularly severe to them than others.
+
+Captain Roberts sailed in the sloop to the island of Dominico, where he
+watered and got provisions of the inhabitants, to whom he gave goods in
+exchange. At this place he met with thirteen Englishmen, who had been
+set ashore by a French Guard de la Coste, belonging to Martinico, taken
+out of two New England ships that had been seized as prizes by the said
+French sloop. The men willingly entered with the pirates, and it proved
+a seasonable recruiting.
+
+They stayed not long here, though they had immediate occasion for
+cleaning their sloop, but did not think this a proper place; and herein
+they judged right, for the touching at this island had like to have been
+their destruction, because they, having resolved to go away to the
+Granada Islands for the aforesaid purpose, by some accident it came to
+be known to the French colony, who, sending word to the governor of
+Martinico, he equipped and manned two sloops to go in quest of them. The
+pirates sailed directly for the Granadilloes, and hall'd into a lagoon
+at Corvocoo, where they cleaned with unusual dispatch, staying but a
+little above a week, by which expedition they missed of the Martinico
+sloops only a few hours, Roberts sailing overnight and the French
+arriving the next morning. This was a fortunate escape, especially
+considering that it was not from any fears of their being discovered
+that they made so much haste from the island, but, as they had the
+impudence themselves to own, for the want of wine and women.
+
+Thus narrowly escaped, they sailed for Newfoundland, and arrived upon
+the banks the latter end of June, 1720. They entered the harbor of
+Trepassi with their black colors flying, drums beating, and trumpets
+sounding. There were two-and-twenty vessels in the harbor, which the men
+all quitted upon the sight of the pirate, and fled ashore. It is
+impossible particularly to recount the destruction and havoc they made
+here, burning and sinking all the shipping except a Bristol galley, and
+destroying the fisheries and stages of the poor planters without remorse
+or compunction; for nothing is so deplorable as power in mean and
+ignorant hands--it makes men wanton and giddy, unconcerned at the
+misfortunes they are imposing on their fellow-creatures, and keeps them
+smiling at the mischiefs that bring themselves no advantage. They are
+like madmen that cast fire-brands, arrows, and death, and say, Are not
+we in sport?
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[11] A contemporary narrative. From _The Buccaneers of America_.
+
+[12] Avery was called "The King of the Pirates." See "The Daughter of
+the Great Mogul."
+
+
+
+
+NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTURE OF THE SHIP _DERBY_, 1735
+
+CAPTAIN ANSELM
+
+
+I fell in with the Land of _Madagascar_, the Latitude of about 24
+Degrees, 13 Minutes North: And some time before I had made it, I met
+with nothing but light Airs of Winds, and Calms, and continued so long.
+My People dropping down with the Scurvy, I took a small Still that I
+had, and distill'd Salt Water into Fresh. I allow'd them as much Pease
+and Flower as they could eat, that they might not eat any Salt
+Provision, tho' I boil'd it in fresh Water. I had been very liberal with
+my fresh Provision in my Passage, to my People, and the Passage so long,
+that I had hardly any left, and that only a few Fowls; and myself and
+Officers too had been much out of Order. At last, being got to the
+Northward of _Augustin_ Bay, seeing my poor People fall down so very
+fast, it gave me very great Concern for them, but still was willing, in
+Hopes of Change of Wind, for _Johanna_. But the small Airs trifled with
+me, and what there were Northerly, a Current setting to the Southward,
+that what to do I could not well tell. To go into _Augustin_ Bay I was
+very unwilling: I had two Boats came off to me, the People talking
+tolerable good _English_. At last, my Doctor, _Sharp_, told me there
+were above Thirty People down with the Scurvy, and all the rest, even
+some of the Petty Officers, were touch'd with the same. If I did not
+soon put into Port, I plainly found I should have been in a bad
+Condition, for Men; I consulted with my Officers, to go into _Augustin_
+Bay, and we agreed, and bore away for it. Soon after, the Wind came
+Southerly, and I bore away for _Johanna_. A fine Passage I had, and
+anchor'd the next Day about Four in the Afternoon, being _Sept._ 13. I
+thank God I brought all my People in alive, and that is as much I can
+say of a good many of them. I had a Tent made ashore for them, and
+supplied them all that ever I could, and the Doctors assisting with
+every thing in their Way for their speedy Recovery. After I had been
+here a Fortnight, the Winds in the Day-time set in very fresh from the
+N. N. W. to the N. N. E. Finding the People recover so very slowly, what
+to do I could not tell. To go out with my People as bad as when they
+came in, I was not willing, but resolv'd to have Patience one Week more.
+I consulted with Mr. _Rogers_, my Chief-Mate, and told him that we must
+consider the Condition of the People, and how we met the Winds and
+Currents before we came in. The People of the Island told me, that this
+was about the time of Year for the Northerly Winds and Southerly
+Currents, and I told him I thought it better to trim all our Casks, and
+fill what Water we could, fearing of a long Passage, if our Stay was a
+little longer. Mr. _Rogers_ was of my Opinion. This I must say, I found
+the Cask not so well used in the Hold, as they ought to have been, which
+caus'd the Coopers more Work; neither did I make a little Noise about
+it, because I had more Words with my Chief and Second Mate, about my
+Third and Fourth Mate, than any thing else.
+
+Having all my Water aboard, about 80 Tun, 25 Head of Oxen, _&c._, I
+sail'd the 13th of _October_, with several of my Men not recover'd; some
+I buried at _Johanna_, and some after, to the Number of Ten, or
+thereabouts. Having a fine Gale, I made all the Sail I could, except
+Studding-sails, which I thought needless. The Wind veer'd to the
+Northward, and I was resolved to make the _Mallabar_ Course as soon as
+possible, for the Advantage of the Land and Sea Winds. I had one
+Passenger aboard, a sad troublesome wicked Fellow, whose Behaviour was
+so bad, that I could hardly forbear using him ill. I forbid my Officers
+keeping Company with him; but Mr. _B----s_ would do it at all Events. I
+turn'd him once off the Quarter-Deck for being with him there, yet that
+did not avail. I came out one Night about half an Hour past Ten, my
+second Mate's Watch, and this _B----s's_ Turn to sleep; and seeing a
+Light in his Cabin, I sent Mr. _Cuddon_, the second Mate, to him, to
+know how he would be able to sit up one Watch, and keep his own. Upon
+this _B----s_ came up half way the Steerage-Ladder, with his Pipe in his
+Hand, and talk'd to me very pertly; and that was not the first time.
+This put me into a Passion, to be so talk'd to by a Boy, that I did
+dismiss him for two or three Days, and then re-stated him, which was
+more than he deserv'd, for keeping Company with him for whom the worst
+of Names is good enough, and those who recommended him to his
+Commission. _B----s_ was told of this by Mr. _Rogers_, by my Orders, and
+I told him of it on the Quarter-Deck, and told him at the same time I
+was resolv'd to tell the Gentlemen at Home of ----; and ask'd him what
+he imagin'd they would think of him for keeping such swearing drunken
+Company. This was before I dismiss'd him.
+
+Before I came in with the Land, hearing much talk of _Angria_,[13] by
+Capt. _Scarlet_, and Mr. _Rogers_, and of his great Force (for I had
+very little Notion of him before) I took care to put the Ship in a
+proper Posture of Defence: Powder-Chests on the Quarter-Deck, Poop, and
+Forecastle, a Puncheon fill'd with Water in the Main-top, a Hogshead in
+the Fore-top, and a Barrel in the Mizen-top, all fill'd with Water:
+Chests with good Coverings in the Tops for Grenado-Shells; all the small
+Arms, with 50 new ones in Readiness. My Ship being too deep to get the
+Gun-room Ports open, as the Gunner inform'd me, the Ship _sending_, and
+the Sea washing above the Tops of the Ports; I got those Guns into the
+Great Cabin; Quarter-Bills over the Guns; the Rewards and
+Close-quarters, _&c._ at the Mizen-mast, Shot-lockers and Shot in their
+proper Station; Pluggs for Shot-holes; and every thing that I could
+think of: and gave particular Orders to my Gunner, Carpenter, and
+Boatswain, to have every thing in their way, in Readiness, the two lower
+Yards flung with the Top-chains. Not being easy in my Mind about these
+Gun-room Stern-Ports, I sent Mr. _Rogers_, it being smooth Water, to
+open one of the Gun-room Stern-Ports, to see, if we could, on Occasion,
+get Guns out there, but he brought me Word it could not be done with
+Safety, the Ship being so deep. A few Days before I made the Land, the
+Winds used to vere and haul, that Offing in an Hour I could hardly up
+from E. N. E. to S. E. but the Winds chiefly kept to the Northward. I
+was very desirous to make the Land, not knowing how far the Southwest
+Currents might set me to the Westward. At noon, being _Dec._ 12, I made
+the Land of _Goa_, in the Latitude of 15 Degrees North. My Chief Mate
+wanted me to go into _Goa_, but I was resolved not, but to make the best
+of my Way for _Bombay_. The next Morning, having a fine Six-Knot-Gale,
+about Nine o' Clock Mr. _Rogers_ told me, he saw _Gereah_, and desired
+me to haul further off Shore, and said, if _Angria_ and his Grabbs
+should see us in his River, he would send them out after us. I asked
+him, if his Grabbs came out of Sight of Land. He told me they were
+afraid to do that, fearing the _Bombay_ Vessels should get between them
+and the Shore, and keep them out of their Ports. To prevent running into
+Danger, I kept out of Sight of Land: I thought it better to do so, since
+it would make but a few Days Difference in getting at _Bombay_; making
+no Doubt I should get there the last of the Month, as doubtless we
+should, if we had not met with our sad Misfortune.
+
+When it was too late, I was acquainted by those taken in the _Severn_,
+that Mr. _Rogers_ inform'd me wrong; for _Angria_ sometimes keeps the
+Shore aboard, and sometimes goes directly out to Sea 60 Leagues off. It
+was too late to reflect; neither could I blame myself, knowing I had
+done every thing to the best of my Judgment: But had I been better
+inform'd, it is my Opinion we might have escaped those cursed Dogs, by
+keeping in Shore, and taken the Advantage of the Land and Sea Winds.
+
+I have since repented that we did not go into _Goa_; but God knows
+whether a Man goes too fast or too slow; for I had certainly a very
+suitable Cargo for that Place; But my earnest Desire was to get to
+_Bombay_, the Season of the Year being far advanc'd.
+
+_December_ 26, being my second Mate's Morning Watch, about Five o' Clock
+he came to me, and told me he saw Nine Sail of Gallivats. I got up, and
+found them to be Five Top-mast Vessels, and Four Gallivats, not above
+two Miles from us. I order'd all Hands to be call'd, and down with the
+Cabins in the Steerage, which was done in an Instant, and every body to
+their respective Quarters. They came up with us apace, having but light
+Airs of Winds, and found them to be _Angria's_ Fleet. I had the Transome
+in the great Cabin, and the Balcony in the Round-house cut away, for
+traversing the Stern-Chase Guns. They came up with me very boldly within
+Pistol-shot. Before Six, they began firing upon us, throwing their Shot
+in at our Stern, raking us afore and aft. I order'd everything to be got
+ready for going about, to give them my Broad-side, when my Chief-Mate
+Mr. _Rogers_, and my Third Mate Mr. _Burroughs_ came to me, and begg'd
+that I would not put about, for if I did, they would certainly board us.
+As to my Part, being a Stranger to this Coast and _Angria_, knowing my
+Chief Mate had been often this Way, and my Third Mate had sail'd in the
+Gallies, I was over prevail'd upon not to tack about. As the Enemy kept
+under my Stern, playing their Shot in very hot upon us, and destroying
+my Rigging so fast, I soon after endeavour'd to wear the Ship upon the
+Enemy; but the Wind dying away to a Calm, she would not regard her Helm,
+but lay like a Log in the Water. By Eight o' Clock most of my Rigging
+was destroy'd, and the Long-boat taking Fire a-stern, was forc'd to cut
+her away. The Yaul being stove by their shot, we launch'd her overboard.
+By Nine, the Top-chain that flung the Main-yard, was shot away, with
+Geer and Geer-Blocks. The Main-yard came next down, with the Sails
+almost torn to Pieces with the Shot. As fast as our People knotted and
+spliced the Rigging, it was shot away in their Hands. The Water-Tubs in
+the Tops were shot to pieces, and the Boatswain's Mate's Leg shot off in
+the Main-top. One of the Foremast-Men's Leg was shot off in the
+Fore-top, and one wounded. By Ten, the Mizen-mast was shot by the Board.
+Wanting People to cut the Mast-Rigging, _&c._ from her Side, found them
+appear very thin upon Deck, and desired my younger Mates to drive them
+out of their Holes. Word was then brought me, that my Chief Mate's Leg
+was shot off, but that he was in good Heart. All this time it was a
+Calm, and our Guns of the Broad-side of no Service, not being able,
+during the Engagement, to bring one Gun to bear upon them. They kept
+throwing their shot so thick in at our Stern, with a continual Fire, and
+we return'd it as fast as we could load and fire. About One, my
+Main-mast was shot by the Board, and the Fall of that stove the Pinnace
+on the Booms. The Loss of my Main-mast gave me a very great Concern, and
+seeing the Condition of the Fore-mast, the Fore-yard half way down, and
+the Top-sail Yard-arm sprung in several Places, the Head of the
+Top-gallant-Mast shot away, render'd that Mast quite useless. I could
+not see which way it was in the Power of Men to save us from these Dogs.
+However, I made myself as easy as could be expected, and kept my
+Thoughts to myself. Tho' the Shot were like Hail about my Ears, I thank
+God I escaped them, neither did they give me much Uneasiness as to my
+Person. The Grabbs perceiving their great Advantage by the Fall of our
+Main-mast, _&c._ tho' all the time before within Musket-Shot, come up
+boldly within Call, throwing in at our Stern Double-round and Partridge
+as fast as they could load and fire; we doing the same with Bolts, _&c._
+We saw a great many Holes in their Sails. Soon after this, they lodg'd
+two Double-head-Shot, and a large Stone in the Fore-mast, the Shrowds of
+which were mostly gone. I often sent Capt. _Scarlet_ to Mr. _Cudden_, to
+encourage the People, and to take care to cool his Guns, and not fire in
+Haste, but take good Aim. We received two Double-headed-Shot in the
+Bread-room, which were soon plugg'd up, and one Shot under the Larboard
+Chesstree, but so low in the Water, that could not get at it, and the
+Ship prov'd leaky. I had a Pack of sad cowardly, ignorant Dogs as ever
+came into a Ship. As to my common Sailors, who were not above Twelve
+Seamen, with the Officers, they stood by me. It was all owing to my
+Misfortune on the _Mouse_, that I was so poorly Mann'd. As to my Third
+Mate, _B----s_, he did not seem to stomach what he was about; he was
+sometimes on the Quarter-Deck (not being able to use any Guns but the
+Stern-Chase) and every Shot the Enemy fir'd, he cowardly trembled, with
+his Head almost down to the Deck. This Captain _Scarlet_ has often
+declared to the Gentlemen at _Bombay_, and before those that are now
+coming Home. I had six Men kill'd, and six their Legs shot off, with
+several others wounded by their Partridge-Shot, _&c._ Had our People
+kept the Deck like Men, there must have been several more kill'd and
+wounded. About Three, I heard a great Call for Shot, and desired Capt.
+_Scarlet_ to go to Mr. _Cuddon_, and tell him not to fire in Waste.
+
+We lay now just like a Wreck in the Sea, and at our Wits Ends. Our Shot
+being almost spent, we had a Hole cut in the Well to try to come at the
+Company's. We continued on with Double-round and Partridge, and Bolts,
+_&c._ with a Double Allowance of Powder to each Gun, doing the utmost we
+could to save the Ship. The Tiller-rope was now shot away, tho' of no
+Service before. The Carpenter told me the Ship made a great deal of
+Water, and had above two Foot in her Hold. The Caulker afterwards told
+me she had three Foot. I saw nothing we could do more than firing our
+Stern-Chase. There was a sad Complaint for Shot; however we fir'd Bolts.
+I call'd out to the People to have good Hearts, and went into the
+Round-house to encourage them there. It was very hard we could stand no
+Chance for a Mast of theirs, nor no lucky Shot to disable some of them,
+in all the Number that we fir'd. As to our small Arms, they were of
+little Service, they keeping their Men so close. The Rigging of the
+Foremast being gone, and that fetching so much way, I expected it to go
+every Minute; and about Seven in the Evening, the Ship falling off into
+the Trough of the Sea, the Foremast came by the Board. It was now about
+Four o' Clock, when Mr. _Thomas Rogers_, my Chief Mate, sent my Steward
+to desire to speak with me. When I went to him, he spoke to me to this
+Purpose. "Sir," says he, "I am inform'd what Condition the Ship is in;
+as her Masts are gone, you had better not be obstinate, in standing out
+longer; it will only be the Means of making more Objects, of murdering
+more Men, and all to no Purpose, but to be used worse by the Enemy, for
+it is impossible to get away. Therefore you had better surrender." To
+the best of my Knowledge, I hardly made him any Answer; nor had I,
+before he sent to me, the least Thoughts of surrendering, which I
+declare before God and Man; tho' I was well convinc'd within myself,
+that it was impossible to save the Ship. I went up to my old Station the
+Quarter-Deck, and took several Turns, as usual, and proceeded in the
+Engagement. I begun to consider what Mr. _Rogers_ told me, and the
+Condition of the Ship, and argue within myself the Impossibility of
+doing any more (for if a Gale had sprung up, it could be of no Service)
+and all the time from the Fall of our Main-mast, the Enemy were got so
+near, that I could hear them talk, and my Second Mate did the same. As
+to our Masts, they had gain'd their Ends, and their only Business now
+was to fire at the Hull. There was no Hopes of their leaving us,
+considering the condition they had brought us to, and it could not be
+long before we sunk: for as they lay so near us, and so low in Water,
+our Shot must doubtless fly over them. At last I was of Mr. _Rogers's_
+Opinion, that it was only sacrificing the Men to no Purpose; for they
+had so large a Mark of us, they could not miss us; and during all the
+Engagement, as they play'd their Shot so hot at our Stern, it is
+surprizing there were not many more Men Kill'd. I then sent for my
+Second and Third Mate, and told them Mr. _Rogers's_ Opinion and my own.
+They both agreed to it, and consented to the surrendering of the Ship.
+So we submitted to the Enemy, finding it in vain to proceed. By my Watch
+it was Five o' Clock. My Second and Third Mate went in to the Steerage
+to forbid firing, and myself in the Round-House, did the same. Every
+Body seem'd to be very well satisfied as to the surrendering Part, and
+no Objection was made. Colours we had none to strike; those and the
+Ensign-Staff were shot to Pieces; and what was left of the Ensign being
+made fast to the Main-Shrowds, went with the Mast. Capt. _Scarlet_ went
+into the Round-House, and call'd the Enemy on board, and told them we
+had no Boats. They sent their Dingey aboard with Four Men for me and my
+chief Officers. They left Two of the Four aboard the _Derby_. Myself and
+my Second Mate went in the Dingey aboard the Grabb. We were gone an Hour
+and a half good, if not more; then we return'd in a Gallivat with 50 or
+60 Men, but not a Soul went aboard the _Derby_, till we return'd. Then
+came aboard more Gallivats and more Men, and secured the Arms, _&c._ and
+drove our People up, some to the Pumps, and some to clear the Rigging
+off the Ship's Side. They transkipt to their Grabbs what Treasure could
+be got at, and the next Day turn'd out the Remainder, with myself,
+_Scarlet_, _Cuddon_, the two Ladies, and my Servants, into one of the
+Grabbs.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[13] A noted pirate.
+
+
+
+
+FRANCIS LOLONOIS
+
+THE SLAVE WHO BECAME A PIRATE KING[14]
+
+JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Francis Lolonois was a native of that territory in France which is
+called Les Sables d'Olone, or The Sands of Olone. In his youth he was
+transported to the Caribbee islands, in quality of servant, or slave,
+according to custom. Having served his time, he came to Hispaniola; here
+he joined for some time with the hunters, before he began his robberies
+upon the Spaniards.
+
+At first he made two or three voyages as a common mariner, wherein he
+behaved himself so courageously as to gain the favor of the governor of
+Tortuga, Monsieur de la Place; insomuch that he gave him a ship, in
+which he might seek his fortune, which was very favorable to him at
+first; for in a short time he got great riches. But his cruelties
+against the Spaniards were such, that the fame of them made him so well
+known through the Indies, that the Spaniards, in his time, would choose
+rather to die, or sink fighting, than surrender, knowing they should
+have no mercy at his hands. But Fortune, being seldom constant, after
+some time turned her back; for in a huge storm he lost his ship on the
+coast of Campechy. The men were all saved, but coming upon dry land, the
+Spaniards pursued them, and killed the greatest part, wounding also
+Lolonois. Not knowing how to escape, he saved his life by a stratagem;
+mingling sand with the blood of his wounds, with which besmearing his
+face, and other parts of his body, and hiding himself dextrously among
+the dead, he continued there till the Spaniards quitted the field.
+
+They being gone, he retired to the woods and bound up his wounds as well
+as he could. These being pretty well healed, he took his way to
+Campechy, having disguised himself in a Spanish habit; here he enticed
+certain slaves, to whom he promised liberty if they would obey him and
+trust to his conduct. They accepted his promises, and stealing a canoe,
+they went to sea with him. Now the Spaniards, having made several of his
+companions prisoners, kept them close in a dungeon, while Lolonois went
+about the town and saw what passed. These were often asked, "What is
+become of your captain?" To whom they constantly answered, "He is dead:"
+which rejoiced the Spaniards, who made thanks to God for their
+deliverance from such a cruel pirate. Lolonois, having seen these
+rejoicings for his death, made haste to escape, with the slaves
+above-mentioned, and came safe to Tortuga, the common refuge of all
+sorts of wickedness, and the seminary, as it were, of pirates and
+thieves. Though now his fortune was low, yet he got another ship with
+craft and subtlety, and in it twenty-one men. Being well provided with
+arms and necessaries, he set forth for Cuba, on the south whereof is a
+small village, called De los Cayos. The inhabitants drive a great trade
+in tobacco, sugar, and hides, and all in boats, not being able to use
+ships, by reason of the little depth of that sea.
+
+Lolonois was persuaded he should get here some considerable prey; but by
+the good fortune of some fishermen who saw him, and the mercy of God,
+they escaped him: for the inhabitants of the town dispatched immediately
+a vessel overland to the Havannah, complaining that Lolonois was come to
+destroy them with two canoes. The governor could hardly believe this,
+having received letters from Campechy that he was dead: but, at their
+importunity, he sent a ship for their relief, with ten guns and ninety
+men, well armed; giving them this express command, "that they should not
+return into his presence without having totally destroyed those
+pirates." To this effect he gave them a negro to serve for a hangman,
+and orders, "that they should immediately hang every one of the pirates,
+excepting Lolonois, their captain, whom they should bring alive to the
+Havannah." This ship arrived at Cayos, of whose coming the pirates were
+advertised beforehand, and instead of flying, went to seek it in the
+river Estera, where she rode at anchor. The pirates seized some
+fishermen, and forced them by night to show them the entry of the port,
+hoping soon to obtain a greater vessel than their two canoes, and
+thereby to mend their fortune. They arrived, after two in the morning,
+very nigh the ship; and the watch on board the ship asking them, whence
+they came, and if they had seen any pirates abroad. They caused one of
+the prisoners to answer, they had seen no pirates, nor anything else.
+Which answer made them believe that they were fled upon hearing of their
+coming.
+
+But they soon found the contrary, for about break of day the pirates
+assaulted the vessel on both sides, with their two canoes, with such
+vigor, that though the Spaniards behaved themselves as they ought, and
+made as good defense as they could, making some use of their great guns,
+yet they were forced to surrender, being beaten by the pirates, with
+sword in hand, down under the hatches. From hence Lolonois commanded
+them to be brought up, one by one, and in this order caused their heads
+to be struck off. Among the rest came up the negro, designed to be the
+pirates' executioner; this fellow implored mercy at his hands very
+dolefully, telling Lolonois he was constituted hangman of that ship, and
+if he would spare him, he would tell him faithfully all that he should
+desire. Lolonois, making him confess what he thought fit, commanded him
+to be murdered with the rest. Thus he cruelly and barbarously put them
+all to death, reserving only one alive, whom he sent back to the
+governor of the Havannah, with this message in writing: "I shall never
+henceforward give quarter to any Spaniard whatsoever; and I have great
+hopes I shall execute on your own person the very same punishment I have
+done upon them you sent against me. Thus I have retaliated the kindness
+you designed to me and my companions." The governor, much troubled at
+this bad news, swore, in the presence of many, that he would never grant
+quarter to any pirate that should fall into his hands. But the citizens
+of the Havannah desired him not to persist in the execution of that rash
+and rigorous oath, seeing the pirates would certainly take occasion from
+thence to do the same, and they had an hundred times more opportunity of
+revenge than he; that being necessitated to get their livelihood by
+fishery, they should hereafter always be in danger of their lives. By
+these reasons he was persuaded to bridle his anger, and remit the
+severity of his oath.
+
+Now Lolonois had got a good ship, but very few provisions and people in
+it; to purchase both which he resolved to cruise from one port to
+another. Doing thus, for some time, without success, he determined to go
+to the port of Maracaibo. Here he surprised a ship laden with plate, and
+other merchandises, outward bound, to buy cocoa-nuts. With this prize he
+returned to Tortuga, where he was received with joy by the inhabitants;
+they congratulating his happy success, and their own private interest.
+He stayed not long there, but designed to equip a fleet sufficient to
+transport five hundred men, and necessaries. Thus provided, he resolved
+to pillage both cities, towns, and villages, and finally, to take
+Maracaibo itself. For this purpose he knew the island of Tortuga would
+afford him many resolute and courageous men, fit for such enterprises:
+besides, he had in his service several prisoners well acquainted with
+the ways and places designed upon.
+
+Of this design Lolonois giving notice to all the pirates, whether at
+home or abroad, he got together, in a little while, above four hundred
+men; beside which, there was then in Tortuga another pirate, named
+Michael de Basco, who, by his piracy, had got riches sufficient to live
+at ease, and go no more abroad; having, withal, the office of major of
+the island. But seeing the great preparations that Lolonois made for
+this expedition, he joined him, and offered him, that if he would make
+him his chief captain by land (seeing he knew the country very well, and
+all its avenues) he would share in his fortunes, and go with him. They
+agreed upon articles to the great joy of Lolonois, knowing that Basco
+had done great actions in Europe, and had the repute of a good soldier.
+Thus they all embarked in eight vessels, that of Lolonois being the
+greatest, having ten guns of indifferent carriage.
+
+All things being ready, and the whole company on board, they set sail
+together about the end of April, being, in all, six hundred and sixty
+persons. They steered for that part called Bayala, north of Hispaniola:
+here they took into their company some French hunters, who voluntarily
+offered themselves, and here they provided themselves with victuals and
+necessaries for their voyage.
+
+From hence they sailed again the last of July, and steered directly to
+the eastern cape of the isle called Punta d'Espada. Hereabouts espying a
+ship from Puerto Rico, bound for New Spain, laden with cocoa-nuts,
+Lolonois commanded the rest of the fleet to wait for him near Savona, on
+the east of Cape Punta d'Espada, he alone intending to take the said
+vessel. The Spaniards, though they had been in sight full two hours, and
+knew them to be pirates, yet would not flee, but prepared to fight,
+being well armed, and provided. The combat lasted three hours, and then
+they surrendered. This ship had sixteen guns, and fifty fighting men
+aboard: they found in her 120,000 weight of cocoa, 40,000
+pieces-of-eight, and the value of 10,000 more, in jewels. Lolonois sent
+the vessel presently to Tortuga to be unladed, with orders to return as
+soon as possible to Savona, where he would wait for them: meanwhile, the
+rest of the fleet being arrived at Savona, met another Spanish vessel
+coming from Coman, with military provisions to Hispaniola, and money to
+pay the garrisons there. This vessel they also took, without any
+resistance, though mounted with eight guns. In it were 7,000 weight of
+powder, a great number of muskets, and like things, with 12,000
+pieces-of-eight.
+
+These successes encouraged the pirates, they seeming very lucky
+beginnings, especially finding their fleet pretty well recruited in a
+little time: for the first ship arriving at Tortuga, the governor
+ordered it to be instantly unladen, and soon after sent back, with fresh
+provisions, and other necessaries, to Lolonois. This ship he chose for
+himself, and gave that which he commanded to his comrade, Anthony du
+Puis. Being thus recruited with men in lieu of them he had lost in
+taking the prizes, and by sickness, he found himself in a good condition
+to set sail for Maracaibo, in the province of Neuva Venezuela, in the
+latitude of 12 deg. 10 min. north. This island is twenty leagues long,
+and twelve broad. To this port also belong the islands of Onega and
+Monges. The east side thereof is called Cape St. Roman, and the western
+side Cape of Caquibacoa: the gulf is called, by some, the Gulf of
+Venezuela, but the pirates usually call it the Bay of Maracaibo.
+
+At the entrance of this gulf are two islands extending from east to
+west; that towards the east is called Isla de las Vigilias, or the Watch
+Isle; because in the middle is a high hill, on which stands a
+watch-house. The other is called Isla de la Palomas, or the Isle of
+Pigeons. Between these two islands runs a little sea, or rather lake of
+fresh water, sixty leagues long, and thirty broad; which disgorging
+itself into the ocean, dilates itself about the said two islands.
+Between them is the best passage for ships, the channel being no broader
+than the flight of a great gun, of about eight pounds. On the Isle of
+Pigeons standeth a castle, to impede the entry of vessels, all being
+necessitated to come very nigh the castle, by reason of two banks of
+sand on the other side, with only fourteen feet water. Many other banks
+of sand there are in this lake; as that called El Tablazo, or the Great
+Table, no deeper than ten feet, forty leagues within the lake; others
+there are, that have no more than six, seven, or eight feet in depth:
+all are very dangerous, especially to mariners unacquainted with them.
+West hereof is the city of Maracaibo, very pleasant to the view, its
+houses being built along the shore, having delightful prospects all
+round: the city may contain three or four thousand persons, slaves
+included, all which make a town of reasonable bigness. There are judged
+to be about eight hundred persons able to bear arms, all Spaniards. Here
+are one parish church, well built and adorned, four monasteries, and one
+hospital. The city is governed by a deputy governor, substituted by the
+governor of the Caraccas. The trade here exercised is mostly in hides
+and tobacco. The inhabitants possess great numbers of cattle, and many
+plantations, which extend thirty leagues in the country, especially
+towards the great town of Gibraltar, where are gathered great quantities
+of cocoa-nuts, and all other garden fruits, which serve for the regale
+and sustenance of the inhabitants of Maracaibo, whose territories are
+much drier than those of Gibraltar. Hither those of Maracaibo send great
+quantities of flesh, they making returns in oranges, lemons, and other
+fruits; for the inhabitants of Gibraltar want flesh, their fields not
+being capable of feeding cows or sheep.
+
+Before Maracaibo is a very spacious and secure port, wherein may be
+built all sorts of vessels, having great convenience of timber, which
+may be transported thither at little charge. Nigh the town lies also a
+small island called Borrica, where they feed great numbers of goats,
+which cattle the inhabitants use more for their skins than their flesh
+or milk; they slighting these two, unless while they are tender and
+young kids. In the fields are fed some sheep, but of a very small size.
+In some islands of the lake, and in other places hereabouts, are many
+savage Indians, called by the Spaniards bravoes, or wild: these could
+never be reduced by the Spaniards, being brutish, and untameable. They
+dwell mostly towards the west side of the lake, in little huts built on
+trees growing in the water; so to keep themselves from innumerable
+mosquitoes, or gnats, which infest and torment them night and day. To
+the east of the said lake are whole towns of fishermen, who likewise
+live in huts built on trees, as the former. Another reason of this
+dwelling, is the frequent inundations; for after great rains, the land
+is often overflown for two or three leagues, there being no less than
+twenty-five great rivers that feed this lake. The town of Gibraltar is
+also frequently drowned by these, so that the inhabitants are
+constrained to retire to their plantations.
+
+Gibraltar, situate at the side of the lake about forty leagues within
+it, receives its provisions of flesh, as has been said, from Maracaibo.
+The town is inhabited by about 1,500 persons, whereof four hundred may
+bear arms; the greatest part of them keep shops, wherein they exercise
+one trade or another. In the adjacent fields are numerous plantations of
+sugar and cocoa, in which are many tall and beautiful trees, of whose
+timber houses may be built, and ships. Among these are many handsome and
+proportionable cedars, seven or eight feet about, of which they can
+build boats and ships, so as to bear only one great sail; such vessels
+being called piraguas. The whole country is well furnished with rivers
+and brooks, very useful in droughts, being then cut into many little
+channels to water their fields and plantations. They plant also much
+tobacco, well esteemed in Europe, and for its goodness is called there
+_tobacco de sacerdotes_, or priest's tobacco. They enjoy nigh twenty
+leagues of jurisdiction, which is bounded by very high mountains
+perpetually covered with snow. On the other side of these mountains is
+situate a great city called Merida, to which the town of Gibraltar is
+subject. All merchandise is carried hence to the aforesaid city on
+mules, and that but at one season of the year, by reason of the
+excessive cold in those high mountains. On the said mules returns are
+made in flour of meal, which comes from towards Peru, by the way of
+Estaffe.
+
+Lolonois arriving at the gulf of Venezuela, cast anchor with his whole
+fleet out of sight of the Vigilia or Watch Isle; next day very early he
+set sail thence with all his ships for the lake of Maracaibo, where they
+cast anchor again; then they landed their men, with design to attack
+first the fortress that commanded the bar, therefore called _de la
+barra_. This fort consisted only of several great baskets of earth
+placed on a rising ground, planted with sixteen great guns, with several
+other heaps of earth round about for covering their men: the pirates
+having landed a league off this fort, advanced by degrees towards it;
+but the governor having espied their landing, had placed an ambuscade to
+cut them off behind, while he should attack them in front. This the
+pirates discovered, and getting before, they defeated it so entirely,
+that not a man could retreat to the castle: this done, Lolonois, with
+his companions, advanced immediately to the fort, and after a fight of
+almost three hours, with the usual desperation of this sort of people,
+they became masters thereof, without any other arms than swords and
+pistols: while they were fighting, those who were the routed ambuscade,
+not being able to get into the castle, retired into Maracaibo in great
+confusion and disorder, crying "The pirates will presently be here with
+two thousand men and more." The city having formerly been taken by this
+kind of people, and sacked to the uttermost, had still an idea of that
+misery; so that upon these dismal news they endeavored to escape towards
+Gibraltar in their boats and canoes, carrying with them all the goods
+and money they could. Being come to Gibraltar, they told how the
+fortress was taken, and nothing had been saved, nor any persons escaped.
+
+The castle thus taken by the pirates, they presently signified to the
+ships their victory, that they should come farther in without fear of
+danger: the rest of that day was spent in ruining and demolishing the
+said castle. They nailed the guns, and burnt as much as they could not
+carry away, burying the dead, and sending on board the fleet the
+wounded. Next day, very early, they weighed anchor, and steered directly
+towards Maracaibo, about six leagues distant from the fort; but the wind
+failing that day, they could advance little, being forced to await the
+tide. Next morning they came in sight of the town, and prepared for
+landing under the protection of their own guns, fearing the Spaniards
+might have laid an ambuscade in the woods. They put their men into
+canoes, brought for that purpose, and landed, shooting meanwhile
+furiously with their great guns. Of those in the canoes, half only went
+ashore, the other half remained aboard. They fired from the ships as
+fast as possible, towards the woody part of the shore, but could
+discover nobody; then they entered the town, whose inhabitants were
+retired to the woods, and Gibraltar, with their wives children and
+families. Their houses they left well provided with victuals, as flour,
+bread, pork, brandy, wines, and poultry, and with these the pirates fell
+to making good cheer, for in four weeks before they had no opportunity
+of filling their stomachs with such plenty.
+
+They instantly possessed themselves of the best houses in the town, and
+placed sentinels wherever they thought necessary;--the great church
+served them for their main guard. Next day they sent out an hundred and
+sixty men to find out some of the inhabitants in the woods thereabouts.
+These returned the same night, bringing with them 20,000
+pieces-of-eight, several mules laden with household goods and
+merchandise, and twenty prisoners, men, women, and children. Some of
+these were put to the rack, to make them confess where they had hid the
+rest of the goods; but they could extort very little from them.
+Lolonois, who valued not murdering, though in cold blood, ten or twelve
+Spaniards, drew his cutlass, and hacked one to pieces before the rest,
+saying, "If you do not confess and declare where you have hid the rest
+of your goods, I will do the like to all your companions." At last,
+amongst these horrible cruelties and inhuman threats, one promised to
+show the place where the rest of the Spaniards were hid. But those that
+were fled, having intelligence of it, changed place, and buried the
+remnant of their riches underground, so that the pirates could not find
+them out, unless some of their own party should reveal them. Besides,
+the Spaniards flying from one place to another every day, and often
+changing woods, were jealous even of each other, so that the father
+durst scarce trust his own son.
+
+After the pirates had been fifteen days in Maracaibo, they resolved for
+Gibraltar; but the inhabitants having received intelligence thereof, and
+that they intended afterwards to go to Merida, gave notice of it to the
+governor there, who was a valiant soldier, and had been an officer in
+Flanders. His answer was, "he would have them take no care, for he hoped
+in a little while to exterminate the said pirates." Whereupon he came to
+Gibraltar with four hundred men well armed, ordering at the same time
+the inhabitants to put themselves in arms, so that in all he made eight
+hundred fighting men. With the same speed he raised a battery toward the
+sea, mounted with twenty guns, covered with great baskets of earth:
+another battery he placed in another place, mounted with eight guns.
+This done, he barricaded a narrow passage to the town through which the
+pirates must pass, opening at the same time another one through much
+dirt and mud into a wood which was totally unknown to the pirates.
+
+The pirates, ignorant of these preparations, having embarked all their
+prisoners and booty, took their way towards Gibraltar. Being come in
+sight of the place, they saw the royal standard hanging forth, and that
+those of the town designed to defend their homes. Lolonois seeing this,
+called a council of war what they ought to do, telling his officers and
+mariners, "That the difficulty of the enterprise was very great, seeing
+the Spaniards had had so much time to put themselves in a posture of
+defense, and had got a good body of men together, with much ammunition;
+but notwithstanding," said he, "have a good courage; we must either
+defend ourselves like good soldiers, or lose our lives with all the
+riches we have got. Do as I shall do who am your captain: at other times
+we have fought with fewer men than we have in our company at present,
+and yet we have overcome greater numbers than there possibly can be in
+this town: the more they are, the more glory and the greater riches we
+shall gain." The pirates supposed that all the riches of the inhabitants
+of Maracaibo were transported to Gibraltar, or at least the greatest
+part. After this speech, they all promised to follow, and obey him.
+Lolonois made answer, "'Tis well; but know ye, withal, that the first
+man who shall show any fear, or the least apprehension thereof, I will
+pistol him with my own hands."
+
+With this resolution they cast anchor nigh the shore, near
+three-quarters of a league from the town: next day before sun-rising,
+they landed three hundred and eighty men well provided, and armed every
+one with a cutlass, and one or two pistols, and sufficient powder and
+bullet for thirty charges. Here they all shook hands in testimony of
+good courage, and began their march, Lolonois speaking thus, "Come, my
+brethren, follow me, and have good courage." They followed their guide,
+who, believing he led them well, brought them to the way which the
+governor had barricaded. Not being able to pass that way, they went to
+the other newly made in the wood among the mire, which the Spaniards
+could shoot into at pleasure; but the pirates, full of courage, cut down
+the branches of trees and threw them on the way, that they might not
+stick in the dirt. Meanwhile, those of Gibraltar fired with their great
+guns so furiously, they could scarce hear nor see for the noise and
+smoke. Being passed the wood, they came on firm ground, where they met
+with a battery of six guns, which immediately the Spaniards discharged
+upon them, all loaded with small bullets and pieces of iron; and the
+Spaniards sallying forth, set upon them with such fury, as caused the
+pirates to give way, few of them caring to advance towards the fort,
+many of them being already killed and wounded. This made them go back to
+seek another way; but the Spaniards having cut down many trees to hinder
+the passage, they could find none, but were forced to return to that
+they had left. Here the Spaniards continued to fire as before, nor would
+they sally out of their batteries to attack them any more. Lolonois and
+his companions not being able to climb up the bastion of earth, were
+compelled to use an old stratagem, wherewith at last they deceived and
+overcame the Spaniards.
+
+Lolonois retired suddenly with all his men, making show as if he fled;
+hereupon the Spaniards crying out "They flee, they flee, let us follow
+them," sallied forth with great disorder to the pursuit. Being drawn to
+some distance from the batteries, which was the pirates only design,
+they turned upon them unexpectedly with sword in hand, and killed above
+two hundred men; and thus fighting their way through those who remained,
+they possessed themselves of the batteries. The Spaniards that remained
+abroad, giving themselves over for lost, fled to the woods: those in the
+battery of eight guns surrendered themselves, obtaining quarter for
+their lives. The pirates being now become masters of the town, pulled
+down the Spanish colors and set up their own, taking prisoners as many
+as they could find. These they carried to the great church, where they
+raised a battery of several great guns, fearing lest the Spaniards that
+were fled should rally, and come upon them again; but next day, being
+all fortified, their fears were over. They gathered the dead to bury
+them, being above five hundred Spaniards, besides the wounded in the
+town, and those that died of their wounds in the woods. The pirates had
+also above one hundred and fifty prisoners, and nigh five hundred
+slaves, many women and children.
+
+Of their own companions only forty were killed, and almost eighty
+wounded, whereof the greatest part died through the bad air, which
+brought fevers and other illness. They put the slain Spaniards into two
+great boats, and carrying them a quarter of a league to sea, they sunk
+the boats; this done, they gathered all the plate, household stuff, and
+merchandise they could, or thought convenient to carry away. The
+Spaniards who had anything left had hid it carefully; but the
+unsatisfied pirates, not contented with the riches they had got, sought
+for more goods and merchandise, not sparing those who lived in the
+fields, such as hunters and planters. They had scarce been eighteen days
+on the place, when the greatest part of the prisoners died for hunger.
+For in the town were few provisions, especially of flesh, though they
+had some, but no sufficient quantity of flour of meal, and this the
+pirates had taken for themselves, as they also took the swine, cows,
+sheep, and poultry, without allowing any share to the poor prisoners.
+For these they only provided some small quantity of mules' and asses'
+flesh; and many who could not eat of that loathsome provision died for
+hunger, their stomachs not being accustomed to such sustenance. Of the
+prisoners many also died under the torment they sustained to make them
+discover their money or jewels; and of these, some had none, nor knew of
+none, and others denying what they knew, endured such horrible deaths.
+
+Finally, after having been in possession of the town four entire weeks,
+they sent four of the prisoners to the Spaniards that were fled to the
+woods, demanding of them a ransom for not burning the town. The sum
+demanded was 10,000 pieces-of-eight, which if not sent, they threatened
+to reduce it to ashes. For bringing in this money, they allowed them
+only two days; but the Spaniards not having been able to gather so
+punctually such a sum, the pirates fired many parts of the town;
+whereupon the inhabitants begged them to help quench the fire, and the
+ransom should be readily paid. The pirates condescended, helping as much
+as they could to stop the fire; but, notwithstanding all their best
+endeavors, one part of the town was ruined, especially the church
+belonging to the monastery was burned down. After they had received the
+said sum, they carried aboard all the riches they had got, with a great
+number of slaves which had not paid the ransom; for all the prisoners
+had sums of money set upon them, and the slaves were also commanded to
+be redeemed. Thence they returned to Maracaibo, where being arrived,
+they found a general consternation in the whole city, to which they sent
+three or four prisoners to tell the governor and inhabitants, "they
+should bring them 30,000 pieces-of-eight aboard their ships, for a
+ransom of their houses, otherwise they should be sacked anew and
+burned."
+
+Among these debates a party of pirates came on shore, and carried away
+the images, pictures, and bells of the great church, aboard the fleet.
+The Spaniards who were sent to demand the sum aforesaid returned, with
+orders to make some agreement; who concluded with the pirates to give
+for their ransom and liberty 20,000 pieces-of-eight, and five hundred
+cows, provided that they should commit no further hostilities, but
+depart thence presently after payment of money and cattle. The one and
+the other being delivered, the whole fleet set sail, causing great joy
+to the inhabitants of Maracaibo, to see themselves quit of them: but
+three days after they renewed their fears with admiration, seeing the
+pirates appear again, and re-enter the port with all their ships: but
+these apprehensions vanished, upon hearing one of the pirate's errand,
+who came ashore from Lolonois, "to demand a skilful pilot to conduct one
+of the greatest ships over the dangerous bank that lieth at the very
+entry of the lake." Which petition, or rather command, was instantly
+granted.
+
+They had now been full two months in these towns, wherein they committed
+those cruel and insolent actions we have related. Departing thence, they
+took their course to Hispaniola, and arrived there in eight days,
+casting anchor in a port called Isla de la Vacca, or Cow Island. This
+island is inhabited by French buccaneers, who mostly sell the flesh they
+hunt to pirates and others, who now and then put in there to victual, or
+trade. Here they unladed their whole cargazon of riches, the usual
+storehouse of the pirates being commonly under the shelter of the
+buccaneers. Here they made a dividend of all their prizes and gains,
+according to the orders and degree of every one, as has been mentioned
+before. Having made an exact calculation of all their plunder, they
+found in ready money 260,000 pieces-of-eight: this being divided, every
+one received for his share in money, as also in silk, linen, and other
+commodities, to the value of 100 pieces-of-eight. Those who had been
+wounded received their first part, after the rate mentioned before, for
+the loss of their limbs: then they weighed all the plate uncoined,
+reckoning ten pieces-of-eight to a pound; the jewels were prized
+indifferently, either too high or too low, by reason of their ignorance:
+this done, every one was put to his oath again, that he had not smuggled
+anything from the common stock. Hence they proceeded to the dividend of
+the shares of such as were dead in battle, or otherwise: these shares
+were given to their friends, to be kept entire for them, and to be
+delivered in due time to their nearest relations, or their apparent
+lawful heirs.
+
+The whole dividend being finished, they set sail for Tortuga. Here they
+arrived a month after, to the great joy of most of the island; for as to
+the common pirates, in three weeks they had scarce any money left,
+having spent it all in things of little value, or lost it at play. Here
+had arrived, not long before them, two French ships, with wine and
+brandy, and suchlike commodities; whereby these liquors, at the arrival
+of the pirates, were indifferent cheap. But this lasted not long, for
+soon after they were enhanced extremely, a gallon of brandy being sold
+for four pieces-of-eight. The governor of the island bought of the
+pirates the whole cargo of the ship laden with cocoa, giving for that
+rich commodity scarce the twentieth part of its worth. Thus they made
+shift to lose and spend the riches they had got, in much less time than
+they were obtained. The taverns and stews, according to the custom of
+pirates, got the greatest part; so that, soon after, they were forced to
+seek more by the same unlawful means they had got the former.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[14] _The Buccaneers of America._
+
+
+
+
+THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE _DORRILL_ AND THE _MOCA_[15]
+
+
+These truly representeth a scheem of what misfortune has befell us as we
+were going through the streights of Malacca, in the persuance to our
+pretended voyage, _vizt._, Wednesday the 7th July, 5 o'clock morning we
+espied a ship to windward; as soon as was well light perceived her to
+bare down upon us. Wee thought at first she had been a Dutchman bound
+for Atcheen or Bengall, when perceived she had no Gallerys, did then
+suppose her to be what after, to our dreadful sorrow, found her. Wee
+gott our ship in the best posture of defence that suddain emergent
+necessity would permitt. Wee kept good looking out, expecting to see an
+Island called Pullo Verello [Pulo Barahla], but as then saw it not.
+
+About 8 of the clock the ship came up fairely within shott. Saw in room
+of our Gallerys there was large sally ports, in each of which was a
+large gunn, seemed to be brass. Her tafferill was likewise taken downe.
+Wee having done what possibly could to prepare ourselves, fearing might
+be suddenly sett on, ordered our people to their respective stations for
+action. Wee now hoisted our colours. The Captain commanded to naile our
+Ensigne to the staff in sight of the enimie, which was immediately done.
+As they perceived wee hoisted our colours they hoisted theirs, with the
+Union Jack, and let fly a broad red Pendant at their maintopmast head.
+
+The Pirate being now in little more than half Pistoll shott from us, wee
+could discerne abundance of men who went aft to the Quarter Deck, which
+as wee suppose was to consult. They stood as we stood, but wee spoke
+neither to other. Att noone it fell calme, so that [wee] were affraid
+should by the sea have been hove on one another. Att 1 a clock sprang up
+a gale. The Pirate kept as wee kept. Att 3 a clock the villain backt her
+sailes and they went from us. Wee kept close halled, having a contrary
+wind for Mallacca. When the Pirate was about 7 miles distant tackt and
+stood after us. Att 6 that evening saw the lookt for island, and the
+Pirate came up with us on our starboard side within shott. Wee see he
+kept a man at each topmast head, looking out till it was darke, then he
+halled a little from us, but kept us company all night.
+
+At 8 in the morning he drew near us, but wee had time to mount our other
+four guns that were in hold, and now wee were in the best posture of
+defence could desire. He drawing near us and seeing that if [wee] would,
+[wee] could not gett from him, he far outsailing us by or large [in one
+direction or another], the Captain resolved to see what the rogue would
+doe, soe ordered to hand [furl] all our small sailes and furled our
+mainesaile. He, seeing this, did the like, and as [he] drew near us beat
+a drum and sounded trumpets, and then hailed us four times before we
+answered him.
+
+At last it was thought fitt to know what he would say, soe the
+Boatswaine spoke to him as was ordered, which was that wee came from
+London. Then he enquired whether peace or war with France. Our answer,
+there was an universall peace through Europe, att which they paused and
+then said, "That's well." He further enquired if had touched at
+Attcheen. Wee said a boat came off to us, but [wee] came not near itt by
+several leagues. Further he enquired our Captain's name and whither wee
+were bound. Wee answered to Mallacca. They too and [would have] had the
+Captain gone aboard to drink a glass of wine. Wee said that would see
+one another at Mallacca. Then he called to lye by and he would come
+aboard us. Our answer was as before, saying it was late. He said, true,
+it was for China, and enquired whether should touch at the Water Islands
+[Pulo Ondan, off Malacca]. Wee said should. Then said he, So shall wee.
+After he had asked us all these questions wee desired to know from
+whence he was. He said from London, their Captain name Collyford, the
+ship named the _Resolution_, bound for China. This Collyford had been
+Gunners Mate at Bombay, and after run away with the Ketch.
+
+Thus past the 8th July. Friday the 9th do., he being some distance from
+us, About ½ an hour after 10 came up with us. Then it grew calme. Wee
+could discerne a fellow on the Quarter Deck wearing a sword. As he drew
+near, this Hellish Imp cried, Strike you doggs, which [wee] perceived
+was not by a general consent for he was called away. Our Boatswaine in a
+fury run upon the poop, unknown to the Captain, and answered that wee
+would strike to noe such doggs as he, telling him the rogue Every and
+his accomplices were all hanged. The Captain was angry that he spake
+without order, then ordered to haile him and askt what was his reason to
+dogg us. One stept forward on the forecastle, beckoned with his hand and
+said, Gentlemen, wee want not your ship nor men, but money. Wee told
+them had none for them but bid them come up alongside and take it as
+could gett it. Then a parcell of bloodhound rogues clasht their
+cutlashes and said they would have itt or our hearts blood, saying,
+"What doe you not know us to be the _Moca_?" Our answer was Yes, Yes.
+Thereon they gave a great shout and so they all went out of sight and
+wee to our quarters. They were going to hoist colours but the ensigne
+halliards broke, which our people perceiving gave a great shout, so they
+lett them alone.
+
+As soon as they could bring their chase gunns to bear, fired upon us and
+soe kept on our quarter. Our gunns would not bear in a small space, but
+as soon as did hap, gave them better than [the pirates] did like. His
+second shott carried away our spritt saile yard. About half on hour
+after or more he came up alongside and soe wee powered in upon him and
+continued, some time broadsides and sometimes three or four gunns as
+opportunity presented and could bring them to doe best service. He was
+going to lay us athwart the hawse, but by God's providence Captain Hide
+frustrated his intent by pouring a broadside into him, which made him
+give back and goe asterne, where he lay and paused without fireing, then
+in a small space fired one gunn. The shott come in at our round house
+window without damage to any person, after which he filled and bore
+away, and when was about ¼ mile off fired a gunn to leeward, which wee
+answered by another to windward. About an hour after he tackt and came
+up with us againe. Wee made noe saile, but lay by to receive him, but he
+kept aloof off. The distance att most in all our fireing was never more
+than two ships length; the time of our engagement was from ½ an hour
+after 11 till about 3 afternoon.
+
+When [wee] came to see what damage [wee] had sustained, found our Cheife
+Mate, Mr. Smith, wounded in the legg, close by the knee, with a splinter
+or piece of chaine, which cannot well be told, our Barber had two of his
+fingers shott off as was spunging one of our gunns, the Gunner's boy had
+his legg shott off in the waste, John Amos, Quartermaster, had his leg
+shott off [while] at the helme, the Boatswaine's boy (a lad of 13 years
+old) was shott in the thigh, which went through and splintered his bone,
+the Armorer Jos. Osborne in the round house wounded by a splinter just
+in the temple, the Captain's boy on the Quarter Deck a small shott
+raised his scull through his cap and was the first person wounded and
+att the first onsett. Wm. Reynolds's boy had the brim of his hatt ½
+shott off and his forefinger splintered very sorely. John Blake, turner,
+the flesh of his legg and calfe a great part shott away.
+
+Our ships damage is the Mizentopmast shott close by the cap and it was a
+miracle stood soe long and did not fall in the rogues sight. Our rigging
+shott that had but one running rope left clear, our mainshrouds three on
+one side, two on the other cutt in two. Our mainyard ten feet from the
+mast by a shott cutt 8 inches deep, our foretopmast backstays shott
+away, a great shott in the roundhouse, one on the Quarter Deck and two
+of the roundhouse shott came on the said deck, severall in the stearidge
+betwixt decks and in the forecastle, two in the bread room which caused
+us to make much water and damaged the greatest part of our bread. They
+dismounted one of our gunns in the roundhouse, two in the stearidge, two
+in the waste, one in the forecastle, with abundance more damage which
+may seem tedious to rehearse.
+
+Their small shott were most Tinn and Tuthenage [_tutenaga_, spelter].
+They fired pieces of glass-bottles, do. teapots, chains, stones and what
+not, which were found on our decks. We could observe abundance of great
+shott to have passed through the rogues foresaile, and our hope is have
+done that to him which [will] make him shunn having to do with any
+Europe ship againe. Att night wee perceived kept close their lights. Wee
+did the like and lay by. In the morning they were as far off as [wee]
+could discerne upon deck. Wee sent up to see how they stood, which was
+right with us. In the night wee knotted our rigging and in the morning
+made all haist to repare our carriages.
+
+Our men, seeing they stood after us, [wee] could perceive their
+countinances to be dejected. Wee cheared them what wee could, and, for
+their encouragement, the Captain and wee of our proper money did give
+them, to every man and boy, three dollars each, which animated them, and
+promised to give them as much more if engaged againe, and that if [wee]
+took the ship, for every prisoner five pounds and besides a gratuity
+from the Gentlemen Employers. Wee read the King's Proclamation about
+Every, &c., and the Right Honble. Company's.
+
+About 9 o'clock the 10th July wee perceived the rogue made from us, soe
+wee gave the Almighty our most condigne thanks for his mercy that
+delivered us not to the worst of our enimies, for truly he [the pirate]
+was very strong, having at least an hundred Europeans on board, 34 gunns
+mounted, besides 10 pattererers and 2 small mortars in the head; his
+lower tier, some of them, as wee judged, sixteen and eighteen pounders.
+We lay as near our course as could, and next day saw land on our
+starboard side which was the Maine [Land]. Kept on our way.
+
+The 12th July dyed the Boatswaine's boy, George Mopp, in the morning.
+Friday the 16th do. in the evening dyed the Gunner's boy, Thomas
+Matthews. Sunday the 18th at anchor two leagues from the Pillo Sumbelong
+[Pulo Sembîlan] Islands dyed the Barber, Andrew Miller. Do. the 31st
+dyed the Cheife Mate, Mr. John Smith. The other two are yet in a very
+deplorable condition and wee are ashore here to refresh them.... The
+Chinese further report ... the _Mocco_ was at the Maldives and creaned
+[careened]; there they gave an end to the life of their commanding rogue
+Stout, who they murdered for attempting to run away.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[15] From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+
+
+
+JADDI THE MALAY PIRATE[16]
+
+
+Long before that action with the English man-of-war which drove me to
+Singapore, I sailed in a fine fleet of prahus belonging to the Rajah of
+Johore [Sultân Mahmâd Shâh]. We were all then very rich--ah! such
+numbers of beautiful wives and such feasting!--but, above all, we had a
+great many most holy men in our force! When the proper monsoon came, we
+proceeded to sea to fight the Bugismen [of Celebes] and Chinamen bound
+from Borneo and the Celebes to Java; for you must remember our Rajah was
+at war with them. (Jadee always maintained that the proceedings in which
+he had been engaged partook of a purely warlike, and not of a piratical
+character.)
+
+Our thirteen prahus had all been fitted out in and about Singapore. I
+wish you could have seen them, Touhan [_Tüan_, Sir]. These prahus we see
+here are nothing to them, such brass guns, such long pendants, such
+creeses [Malay _kris_, dagger]! Allah-il-Allah! Our Datoos [_datuk_, a
+chief] were indeed great men!
+
+Sailing along the coast as high as Patani, we then crossed over to
+Borneo, two Illanoon prahus acting as pilots, and reached a place
+called Sambas [West Borneo]: there we fought the Chinese and Dutchmen,
+who ill-treat our countrymen, and are trying to drive the Malays out of
+that country. Gold-dust and slaves in large quantities were here taken,
+most of the latter being our countrymen of Sumatra and Java, who are
+captured and sold to the planters and miners of the Dutch settlements.
+
+"Do you mean to say," I asked, "that the Dutch countenance such
+traffic?"
+
+"The Hollanders," replied Jadee, "have been the bane of the Malay race;
+no one knows the amount of villainy, the bloody cruelty of their system
+towards us. They drive us into our prahus to escape their taxes and
+laws, and then declare us pirates and put us to death. There are natives
+in our crew, Touhan, of Sumatra and Java, of Bianca [Banka] and Borneo;
+ask them why they hate the Dutchmen; why they would kill a Dutchman. It
+is because the Dutchman is a false man, not like the white man
+[English]. The Hollander stabs in the dark; he is a liar!"
+
+However, from Borneo we sailed to Biliton [island between Banka and
+Borneo] and Bianca, and there waited for some large junks that were
+expected. Our cruise had been so far successful, and we feasted
+away--fighting cocks, smoking opium and eating white rice. At last our
+scouts told us that a junk was in sight. She came, a lofty-sided one of
+Fokien [Fuhkien]. We knew these Amoy men would fight like tiger-cats
+for their sugar and silks; and as the breeze was fresh, we only kept her
+in sight by keeping close inshore and following her. Not to frighten the
+Chinamen, we did not hoist sail but made our slaves pull. "Oh!" said
+Jadee, warming up with the recollection of the event--"oh! it was fine
+to feel what brave fellows we then were!"
+
+Towards night we made sail and closed upon the junk, and at daylight it
+fell a stark calm, and we went at our prize like sharks. All our
+fighting men put on their war-dresses; the Illanoons danced their
+war-dance, and all our gongs sounded as we opened out to attack her on
+different sides.
+
+But those Amoy men are pigs! They burnt joss-paper; sounded their gongs,
+and received us with such showers of stones, hot-water, long pikes, and
+one or two well-directed shots that we hauled off to try the effect of
+our guns, sorry though we were to do it, for it was sure to bring the
+Dutchmen upon us. Bang! bang! we fired at them, and they at us; three
+hours did we persevere, and whenever we tried to board, the Chinese beat
+us back every time, for her side was as smooth and as high as a wall,
+with galleries overhanging.
+
+We had several men killed and hurt; a council was called; a certain
+charm was performed by one of our holy men, a famous chief, and twenty
+of our best men devoted themselves to effecting a landing on the junk's
+deck, when our look-out prahus made the signal that the Dutchmen were
+coming; and sure enough some Dutch gun-boats came sweeping round a
+headland. In a moment we were round and pulling like demons for the
+shores of Biliton, the gun-boats in chase of us, and the Chinese howling
+with delight. The sea-breeze freshened and brought up a schooner-rigged
+boat very fast. We had been at work twenty-four hours and were heartily
+tired; our slaves could work no longer, so we prepared for the
+Hollanders; they were afraid to close upon us and commenced firing at a
+distance. This was just what we wanted; we had guns as well as they, and
+by keeping up the fight until dark, we felt sure of escape. The
+Dutchmen, however, knew this too, and kept closing gradually upon us;
+and when they saw our prahus bailing out water and blood, they knew we
+were suffering and cheered like devils. We were desperate; surrender to
+Dutchmen we never would; we closed together for mutual support, and
+determined at last, if all hope of escape ceased, to run our prahus
+ashore, burn them, and lie hid in the jungle until a future day. But a
+brave Datoo with his shattered prahus saved us; he proposed to let the
+Dutchmen board her, creese [stab with a _kris_] all that did so, and
+then trust to Allah for his escape.
+
+It was done immediately; we all pulled a short distance away and left
+the brave Datoo's prahu like a wreck abandoned. How the Dutchmen yelled
+and fired into her! The slaves and cowards jumped out of the prahu, but
+our braves kept quiet; at last, as we expected, one gun-boat dashed
+alongside of their prize and boarded her in a crowd. Then was the time
+to see how the Malay man could fight; the creese was worth twenty
+swords, and the Dutchmen went down like sheep. We fired to cover our
+countrymen, who, as soon as their work was done, jumped overboard and
+swam to us; but the brave Datoo, with many more died as brave Malays
+should do, running a-muck against a host of enemies.
+
+The gun-boats were quite scared by this punishment, and we lost no time
+in getting away as rapidly as possible; but the accursed schooner, by
+keeping more in the offing, held the wind and preserved her position,
+signaling all the while for the gun-boats to follow her. We did not want
+to fight any more; it was evidently an unlucky day. On the opposite side
+of the channel to that we were on, the coral reefs and shoals would
+prevent the Hollanders following us: it was determined at all risks to
+get there in spite of the schooner. With the first of the land-wind in
+the evening we set sail before it and steered across for Bianca. The
+schooner placed herself in our way like a clever sailor, so as to turn
+us back; but we were determined to push on, take her fire, and run all
+risks.
+
+It was a sight to see us meeting one another; but we were desperate: we
+had killed plenty of Dutchmen; it was their turn now. I was in the
+second prahu, and well it was so, for when the headmost one got close
+to the schooner, the Dutchman fired all his guns into her, and knocked
+her at once into a wrecked condition. We gave one cheer, fired our guns
+and then pushed on for our lives. "Ah! sir, it was a dark night indeed
+for us. Three prahus in all were sunk and the whole force dispersed."
+
+To add to our misfortunes a strong gale sprang up. We were obliged to
+carry canvas; our prahu leaked from shot-holes; the sea continually
+broke into her; we dared not run into the coral reefs on such a night,
+and bore up for the Straits of Malacca. The wounded writhed and shrieked
+in their agony, and we had to pump, we fighting men, and bale like
+_black fellows_ [Caffre or negro slaves]! By two in the morning we were
+all worn out. I felt indifferent whether I was drowned or not, and many
+threw down their buckets and sat down to die. The wind increased and, at
+last, as if to put us out of our misery, just such a squall as this came
+down upon us. I saw it was folly contending against our fate, and
+followed the general example. "God is great!" we exclaimed, but the
+Rajah of Johore came and reproved us. "Work until daylight," he said,
+"and I will ensure your safety." We pointed at the black storm which was
+approaching. "Is that what you fear?" he replied, and going below he
+produced just such a wooden spoon and did what you have seen me do, and
+I tell you, my captain, as I would if the "Company Sahib" stood before
+me, that the storm was nothing, and that we had a dead calm one hour
+afterwards and were saved. God is great and Mahomet is his prophet!--but
+there is no charm like the Johore one for killing the wind!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[16] From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+
+
+
+THE TERRIBLE LADRONES[17]
+
+RICHARD GLASSPOOLE
+
+
+On the 17th of September, 1809, the Honorable Company's ship _Marquis of
+Ely_ anchored under the Island of _Sam Chow_, in China, about twelve
+English miles from Macao, where I was ordered to proceed in one of our
+cutters to procure a pilot, and also to land the purser with the packet.
+I left the ship at 5 P.M. with seven men under my command, well armed.
+It blew a fresh gale from the N. E. We arrived at Macao at 9 P.M., where
+I delivered the packet to Mr. Roberts, and sent the men with the boat's
+sails to sleep under the Company's Factory, and left the boat in charge
+of one of the Compradore's men; during the night the gale increased. At
+half-past three in the morning I went to the beach, and found the boat
+on shore half-filled with water, in consequence of the man having left
+her. I called the people, and baled her out; found she was considerably
+damaged, and very leaky. At half-past 5 A.M., the ebb-tide making, we
+left Macao with vegetables for the ship.
+
+One of the Compradore's men who spoke English went with us for the
+purpose of piloting the ship to Lintin, as the Mandarines, in
+consequence of a late disturbance at Macao, would not grant permission
+for regular pilots. I had every reason to expect the ship in the roads,
+as she was preparing to get under weigh when we left her; but on our
+rounding Cabaretta-Point, we saw her five or six miles to leeward, under
+weigh, standing on the starboard tack: it was then blowing fresh at N.
+E. Bore up, and stood towards her; when about a cable's length to
+windward of her, she tacked; we hauled our wind and stood after her. A
+hard squall then coming on, with a strong tide and heavy swell against
+us, we drifted fast to leeward, and the weather being hazy, we soon lost
+sight of the ship. Struck our masts, and endeavored to pull; finding our
+efforts useless, set a reefed foresail and mizzen, and stood towards a
+country-ship at anchor under the land to leeward of Cabaretta-Point.
+When within a quarter of a mile of her she weighed and made sail,
+leaving us in a very critical situation, having no anchor, and drifting
+bodily on the rocks to leeward. Struck the masts: after four or five
+hours hard pulling, succeeded in clearing them.
+
+At this time not a ship in sight; the weather clearing up, we saw a ship
+to leeward, hull down, shipped our masts, and made sail towards her; she
+proved to be the Honourable Company's ship _Glatton_. We made signals to
+her with our handkerchiefs at the mast-head, she unfortunately took no
+notice of them, but tacked and stood from us. Our situation was now
+truly distressing, night closing fast, with a threatening appearance,
+blowing fresh, with hard rain and a heavy sea; our boat very leaky,
+without a compass, anchor or provisions, and drifting fast on a
+lee-shore, surrounded with dangerous rocks, and inhabited by the most
+barbarous pirates. I close-reefed my sails, and kept tack and tack 'till
+daylight, when we were happy to find we had drifted very little to
+leeward of our situation in the evening. The night was very dark, with
+constant hard squalls and heavy rain.
+
+Tuesday, the 19th, no ships in sight. About ten o'clock in the morning
+it fell calm, with very hard rain and a heavy swell;--struck our masts
+and pulled, not being able to see the land, steered by the swell. When
+the weather broke up, found we had drifted several miles to leeward.
+During the calm a fresh breeze springing up, made sail, and endeavored
+to reach the weather-shore, and anchor with six muskets we had lashed
+together for that purpose. Finding the boat made no way against the
+swell and tide, bore up for a bay to leeward, and anchored about one
+A.M. close under the land in five or six fathoms water, blowing fresh,
+with hard rain.
+
+Wednesday, the 20th, at daylight, supposing the flood-tide making,
+weighed and stood over to the weather-land, but found we were drifting
+fast to leeward. About ten o'clock perceived two Chinese boats steering
+for us. Bore up, and stood towards them, and made signals to induce
+them to come within hail; on nearing them, they bore up, and passed to
+leeward of the islands. The Chinese we had in the boat advised me to
+follow them, and he would take us to Macao by the leeward passage. I
+expressed my fears of being taken by the Ladrones. Our ammunition being
+wet, and the muskets rendered useless, we had nothing to defend
+ourselves with but cutlasses, and in too distressed a situation to make
+much resistance with them, having been constantly wet, and eaten nothing
+but a few green oranges for three days.
+
+As our present situation was a hopeless one, and the man assured me
+there was no fear of encountering any Ladrones, I complied with his
+request, and stood in to leeward of the islands, where we found the
+water much smoother, and apparently a direct passage to Macao. We
+continued pulling and sailing all day. At six o'clock in the evening I
+discovered three large boats at anchor in a bay to leeward. On seeing us
+they weighed and made sail towards us. The Chinese said they were
+Ladrones, and that if they captured us they would most certainly put us
+all to death! Finding they gained fast on us, struck the masts, and
+pulled head to wind for five or six hours. The tide turning against us,
+anchored close under the land to avoid being seen. Soon after we saw the
+boats pass us to leeward.
+
+Thursday, the 21st, at daylight, the flood making, weighed and pulled
+along shore in great spirits, expecting to be at Macao in two or three
+hours, as by the Chinese account it was not above six or seven miles
+distant. After pulling a mile or two perceived several people on shore,
+standing close to the beach; they were armed with pikes and lances. I
+ordered the interpreter to hail them, and ask the most direct passage to
+Macao. They said if we came on shore they would inform us; not liking
+their hostile appearance, I did not think proper to comply with the
+request. Saw a large fleet of boats at anchor close under the opposite
+shore. Our interpreter said they were fishing-boats, and that by going
+there we should not only get provisions, but a pilot also to take us to
+Macao.
+
+I bore up, and on nearing them perceived there were some large vessels,
+very full of men, and mounted with several guns. I hesitated to approach
+nearer; but the Chinese assuring me they were Mandarine junks[18] and
+salt-boats, we stood close to one of them, and asked the way to Macao.
+They gave no answer, but made some signs to us to go in shore. We passed
+on, and a large rowboat pulled after us; she soon came alongside, when
+about twenty savage-looking villains, who were stowed at the bottom of
+the boat, leaped on board us. They were armed with a short sword in each
+hand, one of which they laid on our necks, and the other pointed to our
+breasts, keeping their eyes fixed on their officer, waiting his signal
+to cut or desist. Seeing we were incapable of making any resistance, he
+sheathed his sword, and the others immediately followed his example.
+They then dragged us into their boat, and carried us on board one of
+their junks, with the most savage demonstrations of joy, and as we
+supposed, to torture and put us to a cruel death. When on board the
+junk, they searched all our pockets, took the handkerchiefs from our
+necks, and brought heavy chains to chain us to the guns.
+
+At this time a boat came, and took me, with one of my men and the
+interpreter, on board the chief's vessel. I was then taken before the
+chief. He was seated on deck, in a large chair, dressed in purple silk,
+with a black turban on. He appeared to be about thirty years of age, a
+stout commanding-looking man. He took me by the coat, and drew me close
+to him; then questioned the interpreter very strictly, asking who we
+were, and what was our business in that part of the country. I told him
+to say we were Englishmen in distress, having been four days at sea
+without provisions. This he would not credit, but said we were bad men,
+and that he would put us all to death; and then ordered some men to put
+the interpreter to the torture until he confessed the truth.
+
+Upon this occasion, a Ladrone, who had been once to England and spoke a
+few words of English, came to the chief, and told him we were really
+Englishmen, and that we had plenty of money, adding, that the buttons on
+my coat were gold. The chief then ordered us some coarse brown rice, of
+which we made a tolerable meal, having eat nothing for nearly four days,
+except a few green oranges. During our repast, a number of Ladrones
+crowded round us, examining our clothes and hair, and giving us every
+possible annoyance. Several of them brought swords, and laid them on our
+necks, making signs that they would soon take us on shore, and cut us in
+pieces, which I am sorry to say was the fate of some hundreds during my
+captivity.
+
+I was now summoned before the chief, who had been conversing with the
+interpreter; he said I must write to my captain, and tell him, if he did
+not send a hundred thousand dollars for our ransom, in ten days he would
+put us all to death. In vain did I assure him it was useless writing
+unless he would agree to take a much smaller sum; saying we were all
+poor men, and the most we could possibly raise would not exceed two
+thousand dollars. Finding that he was much exasperated at my
+expostulations, I embraced the offer of writing to inform my commander
+of our unfortunate situation, though there appeared not the least
+probability of relieving us. They said the letter should be conveyed to
+Macao in a fishing-boat, which would bring an answer in the morning. A
+small boat accordingly came alongside, and took the letter.
+
+About six o'clock in the evening they gave us some rice and a little
+salt fish, which we ate, and they made signs for us to lay down on the
+deck to sleep; but such numbers of Ladrones were constantly coming from
+different vessels to see us, and examine our clothes and hair, they
+would not allow us a moment's quiet. They were particularly anxious for
+the buttons of my coat, which were new, and as they supposed gold. I
+took it off, and laid it on the deck to avoid being disturbed by them;
+it was taken away in the night, and I saw it on the next day stripped of
+its buttons.
+
+About nine o'clock a boat came and hailed the chief's vessel; he
+immediately hoisted his mainsail, and the fleet weighed apparently in
+great confusion. They worked to windward all night and part of the next
+day, and anchored about one o'clock in a bay under the island of Lantow,
+where the head admiral of Ladrones was lying at anchor, with about two
+hundred vessels and a Portuguese brig they had captured a few days
+before, and murdered the captain and part of the crew.
+
+Saturday, the 23d, early in the morning, a fishing-boat came to the
+fleet to inquire if they had captured an European boat; being answered
+in the affirmative, they came to the vessel I was in. One of them spoke
+a few words of English, and told me he had a Ladrone-pass, and was sent
+by Captain Kay in search of us; I was rather surprised to find he had no
+letter. He appeared to be well acquainted with the chief, and remained
+in his cabin smoking opium, and playing cards all the day.[19]
+
+In the evening I was summoned with the interpreter before the chief. He
+questioned us in a much milder tone, saying, he now believed we were
+Englishmen, a people he wished to be friendly with; and that if our
+captain would lend him seventy thousand dollars 'till he returned from
+his cruise up the river, he would repay him, and send us all to Macao. I
+assured him it was useless writing on those terms, and unless our ransom
+was speedily settled, the English fleet would sail, and render our
+enlargement altogether ineffectual. He remained determined, and said if
+it were not sent, he would keep us, and make us fight, or put us to
+death. I accordingly wrote, and gave my letter to the man belonging to
+the boat before mentioned. He said he could not return with an answer in
+less than five days.
+
+The chief now gave me the letter I wrote when first taken. I have never
+been able to ascertain his reasons for detaining it, but suppose he dare
+not negotiate for our ransom without orders from the head admiral, who I
+understood was sorry at our being captured. He said the English ships
+would join the mandarines and attack them.[20] He told the chief that
+captured us, to dispose of us as he pleased.
+
+Monday, the 24th, it blew a strong gale, with constant hard rain; we
+suffered much from the cold and wet, being obliged to remain on deck
+with no covering but an old mat, which was frequently taken from us in
+the night by the Ladrones who were on watch. During the night the
+Portuguese who were left in the brig murdered the Ladrones that were on
+board of her, cut the cables, and fortunately escaped through the
+darkness of the night. I have since been informed they ran her on shore
+near Macao.
+
+Tuesday, the 25th, at daylight in the morning, the fleet, amounting to
+about five hundred sail of different sizes, weighed, to proceed on their
+intended cruise up the rivers, to levy contributions on the towns and
+villages. It is impossible to describe what were my feelings at this
+critical time, having received no answers to my letters, and the fleet
+under-way to sail,--hundreds of miles up a country never visited by
+Europeans, there to remain probably for many months, which would render
+all opportunities of negotiating for our enlargement totally
+ineffectual; as the only method of communication is by boats, that have
+a pass from the Ladrones, and they dare not venture above twenty miles
+from Macao, being obliged to come and go in the night, to avoid the
+Mandarines; and if these boats should be detected in having any
+intercourse with the Ladrones, they are immediately put to death, and
+all their relations, though they had not joined in the crime,[21] share
+in the punishment, in order that not a single person of their families
+should be left to imitate their crimes or revenge their death. This
+severity renders communication both dangerous and expensive; no boat
+would venture out for less than a hundred Spanish dollars.
+
+Wednesday, the 26th, at daylight, we passed in sight of our ships at
+anchor under the island of Chun Po. The chief then called me, pointed to
+the ships, and told the interpreter to tell us to look at them, for we
+should never see them again. About noon we entered a river to the
+westward of the Bogue, three or four miles from the entrance. We passed
+a large town situated on the side of a beautiful hill, which is
+tributary to the Ladrones; the inhabitants saluted them with songs as
+they passed.
+
+The fleet now divided into two squadrons (the red and the black)[22] and
+sailed up different branches of the river. At midnight the division we
+were in anchored close to an immense hill, on the top of which a number
+of fires were burning, which at daylight I perceived proceeded from a
+Chinese camp. At the back of the hill was a most beautiful town,
+surrounded by water, and embellished with groves of orange trees. The
+chop-house (custom-house)[23] and a few cottages were immediately
+plundered, and burned down; most of the inhabitants, however, escaped to
+the camp.
+
+The Ladrones now prepared to attack the town with a formidable force,
+collected in rowboats from the different vessels. They sent a messenger
+to the town, demanding a tribute of ten thousand dollars annually,
+saying, if these terms were not complied with, they would land, destroy
+the town, and murder all the inhabitants; which they would certainly
+have done, had the town laid in a more advantageous situation for their
+purpose; but being placed out of the reach of their shot, they allowed
+them to come to terms. The inhabitants agreed to pay six thousand
+dollars, which they were to collect by the time of our return down the
+river. This finesse had the desired effect, for during our absence they
+mounted a few guns on a hill, which commanded the passage, and gave us
+in lieu of the dollars a warm salute on our return.
+
+October the 1st, the fleet weighed in the night, dropped by the tide up
+the river, and anchored very quietly before a town surrounded by a thick
+wood. Early in the morning the Ladrones assembled in rowboats and
+landed; then gave a shout, and rushed into the town, sword in hand. The
+inhabitants fled to the adjacent hills, in numbers apparently superior
+to the Ladrones. We may easily imagine to ourselves the horror with
+which these miserable people must be seized, on being obliged to leave
+their homes, and everything dear to them. It was a most melancholy sight
+to see women in tears, clasping their infants in their arms, and
+imploring mercy for them from those brutal robbers! The old and the
+sick, who were unable to fly, or to make resistance, were either made
+prisoners or most inhumanly butchered! The boats continued passing and
+repassing from the junks to the shore, in quick succession, laden with
+booty, and the men besmeared with blood! Two hundred and fifty women,
+and several children, were made prisoners, and sent on board different
+vessels. They were unable to escape with the men, owing to that
+abominable practice of cramping their feet: several of them were not
+able to move without assistance, in fact, they might all be said to
+totter, rather than walk. Twenty of these poor women were sent on board
+the vessel I was in; they were hauled on board by the hair, and treated
+in a most savage manner.
+
+When the chief came on board, he questioned them respecting the
+circumstances of their friends, and demanded ransoms accordingly, from
+six thousand to six hundred dollars each. He ordered them a berth on
+deck, at the after part of the vessel, where they had nothing to shelter
+them from the weather, which at this time was very variable,--the days
+excessively hot, and the nights cold, with heavy rains. The town being
+plundered of every thing valuable, it was set on fire, and reduced to
+ashes by the morning. The fleet remained here three days, negotiating
+for the ransom of the prisoners, and plundering the fish-tanks and
+gardens. During all this time, the Chinese never ventured from the
+hills, though there were frequently not more than a hundred Ladrones on
+shore at a time, and I am sure the people on the hills exceeded ten
+times that number.[24]
+
+October 5th, the fleet proceeded up another branch of the river,
+stopping at several small villages to receive tribute, which was
+generally paid in dollars, sugar and rice, with a few large pigs roasted
+whole, as presents for their joss (the idol they worship).[25] Every
+person on being ransomed, is obliged to present him with a pig, or some
+fowls, which the priest offers him with prayers; it remains before him a
+few hours, and is then divided amongst the crew. Nothing particular
+occurred 'till the 10th, except frequent skirmishes on shore between
+small parties of Ladrones and Chinese soldiers. They frequently obliged
+my men to go on shore, and fight with the muskets we had when taken,
+which did great execution, the Chinese principally using bows and
+arrows. They have match-locks, but use them very unskillfully.
+
+On the 10th, we formed a junction with the black squadron, and proceeded
+many miles up a wide and beautiful river, passing several ruins of
+villages that had been destroyed by the black squadron. On the 17th, the
+fleet anchored abreast four mud batteries, which defended a town, so
+entirely surrounded with wood that it was impossible to form any idea of
+its size. The weather was very hazy, with hard squalls of rain. The
+Ladrones remained perfectly quiet for two days. On the third day the
+forts commenced a brisk fire for several hours: the Ladrones did not
+return a single shot, but weighed in the night and dropped down the
+river.
+
+The reasons they gave for not attacking the town, or returning the fire,
+were that Joss had not promised them success. They are very
+superstitious, and consult their idol on all occasions. If his omens are
+good, they will undertake the most daring enterprizes.
+
+The fleet now anchored opposite the ruins of the town where the women
+had been made prisoners. Here we remained five or six days, during
+which time about a hundred of the women were ransomed; the remainder
+were offered for sale amongst the Ladrones, for forty dollars each. The
+woman is considered the lawful wife of the purchaser, who would be put
+to death if he discarded her. Several of them leaped overboard and
+drowned themselves, rather than submit to such infamous degradation.
+
+The fleet then weighed and made sail down the river, to receive the
+ransom from the town before mentioned. As we passed the hill, they fired
+several shots at us, but without effect. The Ladrones were much
+exasperated, and determined to revenge themselves; they dropped out of
+reach of their shot, and anchored. Every junk sent about a hundred men
+each on shore, to cut paddy, and destroy their orange-groves, which was
+most effectually performed for several miles down the river. During our
+stay here, they received information of nine boats lying up a creek,
+laden with paddy; boats were immediately dispatched after them.
+
+Next morning these boats were brought to the fleet; ten or twelve men
+were taken in them. As these had made no resistance, the chief said he
+would allow them to become Ladrones, if they agreed to take the usual
+oaths before Joss. Three or four of them refused to comply, for which
+they were punished in the following cruel manner: their hands were tied
+behind their back, a rope from the mast-head rove through their arms,
+and hoisted three or four feet from the deck, and five or six men
+flogged them with three rattans twisted together 'till they were
+apparently dead; then hoisted them up to the mast-head, and left them
+hanging nearly an hour, then lowered them down, and repeated the
+punishment, 'till they died or complied with the oath.
+
+October the 20th, in the night, an express-boat came with the
+information that a large mandarine fleet was proceeding up the river to
+attack us. The chief immediately weighed, with fifty of the largest
+vessels, and sailed down the river to meet them. About one in the
+morning they commenced a heavy fire till daylight, when an express was
+sent for the remainder of the fleet to join them: about an hour after a
+counter-order to anchor came, the mandarine fleet having run. Two or
+three hours afterwards the chief returned with three captured vessels in
+tow, having sunk two, and eighty-three sail made their escape. The
+admiral of the mandarines blew his vessel up, by throwing a lighted
+match into the magazine as the Ladrones were boarding her; she ran on
+shore, and they succeeded in getting twenty of her guns.
+
+In this action very few prisoners were taken: the men belonging to the
+captured vessels drowned themselves, as they were sure of suffering a
+lingering and cruel death if taken after making resistance. The admiral
+left the fleet in charge of his brother, the second in command, and
+proceeded with his own vessel towards Lantow. The fleet remained in
+this river, cutting paddy, and getting the necessary supplies.
+
+On the 28th of October, I received a letter from Captain Kay, brought by
+a fisherman, who had told him he would get us all back for three
+thousand dollars. He advised me to offer three thousand, and if not
+accepted, extend it to four; but not farther, as it was bad policy to
+offer much at first: at the same time assuring me we should be
+liberated, let the ransom be what it would. I offered the chief the
+three thousand, which he disdainfully refused, saying he was not to be
+played with; and unless they sent ten thousand dollars, and two large
+guns, with several casks of gunpowder, he would soon put us all to
+death. I wrote to Captain Kay, and informed him of the chief's
+determination, requesting if an opportunity offered, to send us a shift
+of clothes, for which it may be easily imagined we were much distressed,
+having been seven weeks without a shift; although constantly exposed to
+the weather, and of course frequently wet.
+
+On the first of November, the fleet sailed up a narrow river, and
+anchored at night within two miles of a town called Little Whampoa. In
+front of it was a small fort, and several mandarine vessels lying in the
+harbor. The chief sent the interpreter to me, saying I must order my men
+to make cartridges and clean their muskets, ready to go on shore in the
+morning. I assured the interpreter I should give the men no such
+orders, that they must please themselves. Soon after the chief came on
+board, threatening to put us all to a cruel death if we refused to obey
+his orders. For my own part I remained determined, and advised the men
+not to comply, as I thought by making ourselves useful we should be
+accounted too valuable.
+
+A few hours afterwards he sent to me again, saying, that if myself and
+the quartermaster would assist them at the great guns, that if also the
+rest of the men went on shore and succeeded in taking the place, he
+would then take the money offered for our ransom, and give them twenty
+dollars for every Chinaman's head they cut off. To these proposals we
+cheerfully acceded, in hopes of facilitating our deliverance.
+
+Early in the morning the forces intended for landing were assembled in
+rowboats, amounting in the whole to three or four thousand men. The
+largest vessels weighed, and hauled in shore, to cover the landing of
+the forces, and attack the fort and mandarine vessels. About nine
+o'clock the action commenced, and continued with great spirit for nearly
+an hour, when the walls of the fort gave way, and the men retreated in
+the greatest confusion.
+
+The mandarine vessels still continued firing, having blocked up the
+entrance of the harbor to prevent the Ladrone boats entering. At this
+the Ladrones were much exasperated, and about three hundred of them
+swam on shore, with a short sword lashed close under each arm; they then
+ran along the banks of the river 'till they came abreast of the vessels,
+and then swam off again and boarded them. The Chinese thus attacked,
+leaped overboard, and endeavored to reach the opposite shore; the
+Ladrones followed, and cut the greater number of them to pieces in the
+water. They next towed the vessels out of the harbor, and attacked the
+town with increased fury. The inhabitants fought about a quarter of an
+hour, and then retreated to an adjacent hill, from which they were soon
+driven with great slaughter.
+
+After this the Ladrones returned, and plundered the town, every boat
+leaving it when laden. The Chinese on the hills perceiving most of the
+boats were off, rallied, and retook the town, after killing near two
+hundred Ladrones. One of my men was unfortunately lost in this dreadful
+massacre! The Ladrones landed a second time, drove the Chinese out of
+the town, then reduced it to ashes, and put all their prisoners to
+death, without regarding either age or sex!
+
+I must not omit to mention a most horrid (though ludicrous) circumstance
+which happened at this place. The Ladrones were paid by their chief ten
+dollars for every Chinaman's head they produced. One of my men turning
+the corner of a street was met by a Ladrone running furiously after a
+Chinese; he had a drawn sword in his hand, and two Chinaman's heads
+which he had cut off, tied by their tails, and slung round his neck. I
+was witness myself to some of them producing five or six to obtain
+payment!
+
+On the 4th of November an order arrived from the admiral for the fleet
+to proceed immediately to Lantow, where he was lying with only two
+vessels, and three Portuguese ships and a brig constantly annoying him;
+several sail of mandarine vessels were daily expected. The fleet weighed
+and proceeded towards Lantow. On passing the island of Lintin, three
+ships and a brig gave chase to us. The Ladrones prepared to board; but
+night closing we lost sight of them: I am convinced they altered their
+course and stood from us. These vessels were in the pay of the Chinese
+government, and style themselves the Invincible Squadron, cruising in
+the river Tigris to annihilate the Ladrones!
+
+On the fifth, in the morning, the red squadron anchored in a bay under
+Lantow; the black squadron stood to the eastward. In this bay they
+hauled several of their vessels on shore to bream their bottoms and
+repair them.
+
+In the afternoon of the 8th of November, four ships, a brig and a
+schooner came off the mouth of the bay. At first the pirates were much
+alarmed, supposing them to be English vessels come to rescue us. Some of
+them threatened to hang us to the mast-head for them to fire at; and
+with much difficulty we persuaded them that they were Portuguese. The
+Ladrones had only seven junks in a fit state for action; these they
+hauled outside, and moored them head and stern across the bay; and
+manned all the boats belonging to the repairing vessels ready for
+boarding.
+
+The Portuguese observing these maneuvers hove to, and communicated by
+boats. Soon afterwards they made sail, each ship firing her broadside as
+she passed, but without effect, the shot falling far short. The Ladrones
+did not return a single shot, but waved their colors, and threw up
+rockets, to induce them to come further in, which they might easily have
+done, the outside junks lying in four fathoms water which I sounded
+myself: though the Portuguese in their letters to Macao lamented there
+was not sufficient water for them to engage closer, but that they would
+certainly prevent their escaping before the mandarine fleet arrived!
+
+On the 20th of November, early in the morning, I perceived an immense
+fleet of mandarine vessels standing for the bay. On nearing us, they
+formed a line, and stood close in; each vessel as she discharged her
+guns tacked to join the rear and reload. They kept up a constant fire
+for about two hours, when one of their largest vessels was blown up by a
+firebrand thrown from a Ladrone junk; after which they kept at a more
+respectful distance, but continued firing without intermission 'till the
+21st at night, when it fell calm.
+
+The Ladrones towed out seven large vessels, with about two hundred
+rowboats to board them; but a breeze springing up, they made sail and
+escaped. The Ladrones returned into the bay, and anchored. The
+Portuguese and mandarines followed, and continued a heavy cannonading
+during that night and the next day. The vessel I was in had her foremast
+shot away, which they supplied very expeditiously by taking a mainmast
+from a smaller vessel.
+
+On the 23d, in the evening, it again fell calm; the Ladrones towed out
+fifteen junks in two divisions, with the intention of surrounding them,
+which was nearly effected, having come up with and boarded one, when a
+breeze suddenly sprung up. The captured vessel mounted twenty-two guns.
+Most of her crew leaped overboard; sixty or seventy were taken
+immediately, cut to pieces and thrown into the river. Early in the
+morning the Ladrones returned into the bay, and anchored in the same
+situation as before. The Portuguese and mandarines followed, keeping up
+a constant fire. The Ladrones never returned a single shot, but always
+kept in readiness to board, and the Portuguese were careful never to
+allow them an opportunity.
+
+On the 28th, at night, they sent in eight fire-vessels, which if
+properly constructed must have done great execution, having every
+advantage they could wish for to effect their purpose; a strong breeze
+and tide directly into the bay, and the vessels lying so close together
+that it was impossible to miss them. On their first appearance the
+Ladrones gave a general shout, supposing them to be mandarine vessels on
+fire, but were very soon convinced of their mistake. They came very
+regularly into the center of the fleet, two and two, burning furiously;
+one of them came alongside of the vessel I was in, but they succeeded in
+booming her off. She appeared to be a vessel of about thirty tons; her
+hold was filled with straw and wood, and there were a few small boxes of
+combustibles on her deck, which exploded alongside of us without doing
+any damage. The Ladrones, however, towed them all on shore, extinguished
+the fire, and broke them up for fire-wood. The Portuguese claim the
+credit of constructing these destructive machines, and actually sent a
+dispatch to the Governor of Macao, saying they had destroyed at least
+one-third of the Ladrones' fleet, and hoped soon to effect their purpose
+by totally annihilating them!
+
+On the 29th of November, the Ladrones being all ready for sea, they
+weighed and stood boldly out, bidding defiance to the invincible
+squadron and imperial fleet, consisting of ninety-three war-junks, six
+Portuguese ships, a brig, and a schooner. Immediately the Ladrones
+weighed, they made all sail. The Ladrones chased them two or three
+hours, keeping up a constant fire; finding they did not come up with
+them, they hauled their wind and stood to the eastward.
+
+Thus terminated the boasted blockade, which lasted nine days, during
+which time the Ladrones completed all their repairs. In this action not
+a single Ladrone vessel was destroyed, and their loss about thirty or
+forty men. An American was also killed, one of three that remained out
+of eight taken in a schooner. I had two very narrow escapes: the first,
+a twelve-pounder shot fell within three or four feet of me; another took
+a piece out of a small brass-swivel on which I was standing. The chief's
+wife frequently sprinkled me with garlic-water, which they consider an
+effectual charm against shot. The fleet continued under sail all night,
+steering towards the eastward. In the morning they anchored in a large
+bay surrounded by lofty and barren mountains.
+
+On the 2nd of December I received a letter from Lieutenant Maughn,
+commander of the Honorable Company's cruiser _Antelope_, saying that he
+had the ransom on board, and had been three days cruising after us, and
+wished me to settle with the chief on the securest method of delivering
+it. The chief agreed to send us in a small gunboat, 'till we came within
+sight of the _Antelope_; then the Compradore's boat was to bring the
+ransom and receive us.
+
+I was so agitated at receiving this joyful news, that it was with
+considerable difficulty I could scrawl about two or three lines to
+inform Lieutenant Maughn of the arrangements I had made. We were all so
+deeply affected by the gratifying tidings, that we seldom closed our
+eyes, but continued watching day and night for the boat. On the 6th she
+returned with Lieutenant Maughn's answer, saying he would respect any
+single boat; but would not allow the fleet to approach him. The chief
+then, according to his first proposal, ordered a gunboat to take us, and
+with no small degree of pleasure we left the Ladrone fleet about four
+o'clock in the morning.
+
+At one P.M. saw the _Antelope_ under all sail, standing toward us. The
+Ladrone boat immediately anchored, and dispatched the Compradore's boat
+for the ransom, saying, that if she approached nearer, they would return
+to the fleet; and they were just weighing when she shortened sail, and
+anchored about two miles from us. The boat did not reach her 'till late
+in the afternoon, owing to the tide's being strong against her. She
+received the ransom and left the _Antelope_ just before dark. A
+mandarine boat that had been lying concealed under the land, and
+watching their maneuvers, gave chase to her, and was within a few
+fathoms of taking her, when she saw a light, which the Ladrones
+answered, and the Mandarine hauled off.
+
+Our situation was now a most critical one; the ransom was in the hands
+of the Ladrones, and the Compradore dare not return with us for fear of
+a second attack from the mandarine boat. The Ladrones would not remain
+'till morning, so we were obliged to return with them to the fleet.
+
+In the morning the chief inspected the ransom, which consisted of the
+following articles: two bales of superfine scarlet cloth; two chests of
+opium; two casks of gunpowder; and a telescope; the rest in dollars. He
+objected to the telescope not being new; and said he should detain one
+of us 'till another was sent, or a hundred dollars in lieu of it. The
+Compradore however agreed with him for the hundred dollars.
+
+Every thing being at length settled, the chief ordered two gunboats to
+convey us near the _Antelope_; we saw her just before dusk, when the
+Ladrone boats left us. We had the inexpressible pleasure of arriving on
+board the _Antelope_ at 7 P.M., where we were most cordially received,
+and heartily congratulated on our safe and happy deliverance from a
+miserable captivity, which we had endured for eleven weeks and three
+days.
+
+
+_A few Remarks on the Origin, Progress, Manners, and Customs of the
+Ladrones_
+
+The Ladrones are a disaffected race of Chinese, that revolted against
+the oppressions of the mandarins. They first commenced their
+depredations on the Western coast (Cochin-China), by attacking small
+trading vessels in rowboats, carrying from thirty to forty men each.
+They continued this system of piracy several years; at length their
+successes, and the oppressive state of the Chinese, had the effect of
+rapidly increasing their numbers. Hundreds of fishermen and others
+flocked to their standard; and as their number increased they
+consequently became more desperate. They blockaded all the principal
+rivers, and captured several large junks, mounting from ten to fifteen
+guns each.
+
+With these junks they formed a very formidable fleet, and no small
+vessels could trade on the coast with safety. They plundered several
+small villages, and exercised such wanton barbarity as struck horror
+into the breasts of the Chinese. To check these enormities the
+government equipped a fleet of forty imperial war-junks, mounting from
+eighteen to twenty guns each. On the very first rencontre, twenty-eight
+of the imperial junks struck to the pirates; the rest saved themselves
+by a precipitate retreat.
+
+These junks, fully equipped for war, were a great acquisition to them.
+Their numbers augmented so rapidly, that at the period of my captivity
+they were supposed to amount to near seventy thousand men, eight hundred
+large vessels, and nearly a thousand small ones, including rowboats.
+They were divided into five squadrons, distinguished by different
+colored flags: each squadron commanded by an admiral, or chief; but all
+under the orders of A-juo-Chay (Ching yÄ­h saou), their premier chief, a
+most daring and enterprising man, who went so far as to declare his
+intention of displacing the present Tartar family from the throne of
+China, and to restore the ancient Chinese dynasty.
+
+This extraordinary character would have certainly shaken the foundation
+of the government, had he not been thwarted by the jealousy of the
+second in command, who declared his independence, and soon after
+surrendered to the mandarines with five hundred vessels, on promise of a
+pardon. Most of the inferior chiefs followed his example. A-juo-Chay
+(Ching yÄ­h saou) held out a few months longer, and at length surrendered
+with sixteen thousand men, on condition of a general pardon, and himself
+to be made a mandarine of distinction.
+
+The Ladrones have no settled residence on shore, but live constantly in
+their vessels. The after-part is appropriated to the captain and his
+wives; he generally has five or six. With respect to conjugal rights
+they are religiously strict; no person is allowed to have a woman on
+board, unless married to her according to their laws. Every man is
+allowed a small berth, about four feet square, where he stows with his
+wife and family.
+
+From the number of souls crowded in so small a space, it must naturally
+be supposed they are horridly dirty, which is evidently the case, and
+their vessels swarm with all kinds of vermin. Rats in particular, which
+they encourage to breed, and eat them as great delicacies; in fact,
+there are very few creatures they will not eat. During our captivity we
+lived three weeks on caterpillars boiled with rice. They are much
+addicted to gambling, and spend all their leisure hours at cards and
+smoking opium.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[17] From _The Ladrone Pirates_.
+
+[18] _Junk_ is the Canton pronunciation of _chuen_, ship.
+
+[19] The pirates had many other intimate acquaintances on shore, like
+Doctor _Chow_ of Macao.
+
+[20] The pirates were always afraid of this. We find the following
+statement concerning the Chinese pirates, taken from the records in the
+East-India House, and printed in Appendix C. to the _Report relative to
+the trade with the East-Indies and China_, in the sessions 1820 and 1821
+(reprinted 1829), p. 387.
+
+"In the year 1808, 1809, and 1810, the Canton river was so infested with
+pirates, who were also in such force, that the Chinese government made
+an attempt to subdue them, but failed. The pirates totally destroyed the
+Chinese force; ravaged the river in every direction; threatened to
+attack the city of Canton, and destroyed many towns and villages on the
+banks of the river; and killed or carried off, to serve as Ladrones,
+several thousands of inhabitants.
+
+"These events created an alarm extremely prejudicial to the commerce of
+Canton, and compelled the Company's supercargoes to fit out a small
+country ship to cruize for a short time against the pirates."
+
+[21] That the whole family must suffer for the crime of one individual,
+seems to be the most cruel and foolish law of the whole Chinese criminal
+code.
+
+[22] We know by the "History of the Chinese Pirates," that these "wasps
+of the ocean," to speak with _Yuen tsze yung lun_, were originally
+divided into six squadrons.
+
+[23] In the barbarous Chinese-English spoken at Canton, all things are
+indiscriminately called _chop_. You hear of a chop-house, chop-boat,
+tea-chop, Chaou-chaou-chop, etc. To give a bill or agreement on making a
+bargain is in Chinese called _chă tan_; chă in the pronunciation of
+Canton is _chop_, which is then applied to any writing whatever.
+
+[24] The following is the _Character of the Chinese of Canton, as given
+in ancient Chinese books_: "People of Canton are silly, light, weak in
+body, and weak in mind, without any ability to fight on land."
+
+[25] _Joss_ is a Chinese corruption of the Portuguese _Dios_, _God_. The
+Joss, or idol, of which Mr. Glasspoole speaks is the _San po shin_,
+which is spoken of in the work of Yuen tsze.
+
+
+
+
+THE FEMALE CAPTIVE[26]
+
+LUCRETIA PARKER
+
+
+The event which is here related is the capture by the Pirates of the
+English sloop _Eliza Ann_, bound from St. Johns to Antigua, and the
+massacre of the whole crew (ten in number) with the exception of one
+female passenger, whose life, by the interposition of Divine Providence,
+was miraculously preserved. The particulars are copied from a letter
+written by the unfortunate Miss Parker (the female passenger above
+alluded to) to her brother in New York.
+
+                                             St. Johns, April 3, 1825.
+
+    Dear Brother,
+
+    You have undoubtedly heard of my adverse fortune, and the shocking
+    incident that has attended me since I had the pleasure of seeing you
+    in November last. Anticipating your impatience to be made acquainted
+    with a more circumstantial detail of my extraordinary adventures, I
+    shall not on account of the interest which I know you must feel in
+    my welfare, hesitate to oblige you; yet, I must declare to you that
+    it is that consideration alone that prompts me to do it, as even
+    the recollection of the scenes which I have witnessed you must be
+    sensible must ever be attended with pain: and that I cannot reflect
+    on what I have endured, and the scenes of horror that I have been
+    witness to, without the severest shock. I shall now, brother,
+    proceed to furnish you with a detail of my misfortunes as they
+    occurred, without exaggeration, and if it should be your wish to
+    communicate them to the public, through the medium of a public
+    print, or in any other way, you are at liberty to do it, and I shall
+    consider myself amply rewarded if in a single instance it proves
+    beneficial in removing a doubt in the minds of such, who, although
+    they dare not deny the existence of a Supreme Being, yet disbelieve
+    that he ever in any way revealed Himself to his creatures. Let
+    Philosophy (as it is termed) smile with pity or contempt on my
+    weakness or credulity, yet the superintendence of a particular
+    PROVIDENCE, interfering by second causes, is so apparent to me, and
+    was so conspicuously displayed in the course of my afflictions, that
+    I shall not banish it from my mind from the beginning to the end of
+    my narration.
+
+    On the 28th February I took passage on board the sloop _Eliza Ann_,
+    captain Charles Smith, for Antigua, in compliance with the earnest
+    request of brother Thomas and family, who had advised me that they
+    had concluded to make that island the place of their permanent
+    residence, having a few months previous purchased there a valuable
+    Plantation. We set sail with a favorable wind, and with every
+    appearance of a short and pleasant voyage, and met with no incident
+    to destroy or diminish those flattering prospects, until about noon
+    of the 14th day from that of our departure, when a small schooner
+    was discovered standing toward us, with her deck full of men, and as
+    she approached us from her suspicious appearance there was not a
+    doubt in the minds of any on board, but that she was a Pirate. When
+    within a few yards of us, they gave a shout and our decks were
+    instantly crowded with the motley crew of desperadoes, armed with
+    weapons of almost every description that can be mentioned, and with
+    which they commenced their barbarous work by unmercifully beating
+    and maiming all on board except myself. As a retreat was impossible,
+    and finding myself surrounded by wretches, whose yells, oaths, and
+    imprecations, made them more resemble demons than human-beings, I
+    fell on my knees, and from one who appeared to have the command, I
+    begged for mercy, and for permission to retire to the cabin, that I
+    might not be either the subject or a witness of the murderous scene
+    that I had but little doubt was about to ensue. The privilege was
+    not refused me. The monster in human shape (for such was then his
+    appearance) conducted me by the hand himself to the companionway,
+    and pointing to the cabin said to me, "Descend and remain there and
+    you will be perfectly safe, for although Pirates, we are not
+    barbarians to destroy the lives of innocent females!" Saying this he
+    closed the companion doors and left me alone, to reflect on my
+    helpless and deplorable situation. It is indeed impossible for me,
+    brother, to paint to your imagination what were my feelings at this
+    moment; being the only female on board, my terror it cannot be
+    expected was much less than that of the poor devoted mariners! I
+    resigned my life to the Being who had lent it, and did not fail to
+    improve the opportunity (which I thought it not improbable might be
+    my last), to call on Him for that protection, which my situation so
+    much at this moment required--and never shall I be persuaded but
+    that my prayers were heard.
+
+    While I remained in this situation, by the sound of the clashing of
+    swords, attended by shrieks and dismal groans, I could easily
+    imagine what was going on on deck, and anticipated nothing better
+    than the total destruction by the Pirates of the lives of all on
+    board. After I had remained about one hour and a half alone in the
+    cabin, and all had become silent on deck, the cabin doors were
+    suddenly thrown open, and eight or ten of the Piratical crew
+    entered, preceded by him whom I had suspected to be their leader,
+    and from whom I had received assurances that I should not be
+    injured. By him I was again addressed and requested to banish all
+    fears of personal injury--that they sought only for the money which
+    they suspected to be secreted somewhere on board the vessel, and
+    which they were determined to have, although unable to extort a
+    disclosure of the place of its concealment by threats and violence
+    from the crew. The Pirates now commenced a thorough search
+    throughout the cabin, the trunks and chests belonging to the captain
+    and mate were broken open, and rifled of their most valuable
+    contents--nor did my baggage and stores meet with any better fate,
+    indeed this was a loss which at this moment caused me but little
+    uneasiness. I felt that my life was in too much jeopardy to lament
+    in any degree the loss of my worldly goods, surrounded as I was by a
+    gang of the most ferocious looking villains that my eyes ever before
+    beheld, of different complexions, and each with a drawn weapon in
+    his hand, some of them fresh crimsoned with the blood (as I then
+    supposed) of my murdered countrymen and whose horrid imprecations
+    and oaths were enough to appal the bravest heart!
+
+    Their search for money proving unsuccessful (with the exception of a
+    few dollars which they found in the captain's chest) they returned
+    to the deck, and setting sail on the sloop, steered her for the
+    place of their rendezvous, a small island or key not far distant I
+    imagine from the island of Cuba, where we arrived the day after our
+    capture. The island was nearly barren, producing nothing but a few
+    scattered mangroves and shrubs, interspersed with the miserable huts
+    of these outlaws of civilization, among whom power formed the only
+    law, and every species of iniquity was here carried to an extent of
+    which no person who had not witnessed a similar degree of pollution,
+    could form the most distant idea.
+
+    As soon as the sloop was brought to an anchor, the hatches were
+    thrown off and the unfortunate crew ordered on deck--a command which
+    to my surprise was instantly obeyed, as I had harboured strong
+    suspicions that they had been all murdered by the Pirates the day
+    previous. The poor devoted victims, although alive, exhibited
+    shocking proofs of the barbarity with which they had been treated by
+    the unmerciful Pirates; their bodies exhibiting deep wounds and
+    bruises too horrible for me to attempt to describe! Yet, however
+    great had been their sufferings, their lives had been spared only to
+    endure still greater torments. Being strongly pinioned they were
+    forced into a small leaky boat and rowed on shore, which we having
+    reached and a division of the plunder having been made by the
+    Pirates, a scene of the most bloody and wanton barbarity ensued, the
+    bare recollection of which still chills my blood. Having first
+    divested them of every article of clothing but their shirts and
+    trousers, with swords, knives, axes, etc., they fell on the
+    unfortunate crew of the _Eliza Ann_ with the ferocity of cannibals.
+    In vain did they beg for mercy and intreat of their murderers to
+    spare their lives. In vain did poor Capt. S. attempt to touch their
+    feelings and to move them to pity by representing to them the
+    situation of his innocent family; that he had a wife and three small
+    children at home wholly dependent on him for support. But, alas, the
+    poor man intreated in vain. His appeal was to monsters possessing
+    hearts callous to the feelings of humanity. Having received a heavy
+    blow from one with an ax, he snapped the cords with which he was
+    bound, and attempted an escape by flight, but was met by another of
+    the ruffians, who plunged a knife or dirk to his heart. I stood near
+    him at this moment and was covered with his blood. On receiving the
+    fatal wound he gave a single groan and fell lifeless at my feet. Nor
+    were the remainder of the crew more fortunate. The mate while on his
+    knees imploring mercy, and promising to accede to anything that the
+    vile assassins should require of him, on condition of his life being
+    spared, received a blow from a club, which instantaneously put a
+    period to his existence! Dear brother, need I attempt to paint to
+    your imagination my feelings at this awful moment? Will it not
+    suffice for me to say that I have described to you a scene of horror
+    which I was compelled to witness! and with the expectation too of
+    being the next victim selected by these ferocious monsters, whose
+    thirst for blood appeared to be insatiable. There appeared now but
+    one alternative left me, which was to offer up a prayer to Heaven
+    for the protection of that Being who has power to stay the
+    assassin's hand, and "who is able to do exceeding abundantly above
+    what we can ask or think,"--sincerely in the language of scripture I
+    can say, "I found trouble and sorrow, then called I upon the name of
+    the Lord."
+
+    I remained on my knees until the inhuman wretches had completed
+    their murderous work, and left none but myself to lament the fate of
+    those who but twenty-four hours before, were animated with the
+    pleasing prospects of a quick passage, and a speedy return to the
+    bosoms of their families! The wretch by whom I had been thrice
+    promised protection, and who seemed to reign chief among them, again
+    approached me with hands crimsoned with the blood of my murdered
+    countrymen, and, with a savage smile, once more repeated his
+    assurances that if I would but become reconciled to my situation, I
+    had nothing to fear. There was indeed something truly terrific in
+    the appearance of this man, or rather monster as he ought to be
+    termed. He was of a swarthy complexion, near six feet in height, his
+    eyes were large, black and penetrating; his expression was
+    remarkable, and when silent, his looks were sufficient to declare
+    his meaning. He wore around his waist a leathern belt, to which was
+    suspended a sword, a brace of pistols and a dirk. He was as I was
+    afterward informed the acknowledged chief among the Pirates, all
+    appeared to stand in awe of him, and no one dared to disobey his
+    commands. Such, dear brother, was the character who had promised me
+    protection if I would become reconciled to my situation, in other
+    words, subservient to his will. But, whatever might have been his
+    intentions, although now in his power, without a visible friend to
+    protect me, yet such full reliance did I place in the Supreme Being,
+    who sees and knows all things, and who has promised his protection
+    to the faithful in the hour of tribulation, that I felt myself in a
+    less degree of danger than you or any one would probably imagine.
+
+    As the day drew near to a close, I was conducted to a small
+    temporary hut or cabin, where I was informed I might repose
+    peaceably for the night, which I did without being disturbed by any
+    one. This was another opportunity that I did not suffer to pass
+    unimproved to pour out my soul to that Being, who had already given
+    me reasons to believe that he did not say to the house of Jacob,
+    seek you me in vain. Oh! that all sincere Christians would in every
+    difficulty make Him their refuge; He is a hopeful stay.
+
+    Early in the morning ensuing I was visited by the wretch alone whom
+    I had viewed as chief of the murderous band. As he entered and cast
+    his eyes upon me, his countenance relaxed from its usual ferocity to
+    a feigned smile. Without speaking a word, he seated himself on a
+    bench that the cabin contained, and drawing a table toward him,
+    leaned upon it resting his cheek upon his hand. His eyes for some
+    moments were fixed in stedfast gaze upon the ground, while his
+    whole soul appeared to be devoured by the most diabolical thoughts.
+    In a few moments he arose from his seat and hastily traversed the
+    hut, apparently in extreme agitation, and not unfrequently fixing
+    his eyes stedfastly upon me. But, that Providence, which while it
+    protects the innocent, never suffers the wicked to go unpunished,
+    interposed to save me and to deliver me from the hands of this
+    remorseless villain, at the very instant when in all probability he
+    intended to have destroyed my happiness forever.
+
+    On a sudden the Pirate's bugle was sounded, which (as I was
+    afterward informed) was the usual signal of a sail in sight. The
+    ruffian monster thereupon without uttering a word left my apartment,
+    and hastened with all speed to the place of their general rendezvous
+    on such occasions. Flattered by the pleasing hope that Providence
+    might be about to complete her work of mercy, and was conducting to
+    the dreary island some friendly aid, to rescue me from my perilous
+    situation, I mustered courage to ascend to the roof of my hovel, to
+    discover if possible the cause of the alarm, and what might be the
+    issue.
+
+    A short distance from the island I espied a sail which appeared to
+    be lying to, and a few miles therefrom to the windward, another,
+    which appeared to be bearing down under a press of sail for the
+    former--in a moment the whole gang of Pirates, with the exception of
+    four, were in their boats, and with their oars, etc., were making
+    every possible exertion to reach the vessel nearest to their island;
+    but by the time they had effected their object the more distant
+    vessel (which proved to be a British sloop of war disguised) had
+    approached them within fair gunshot, and probably knowing or
+    suspecting their characters, opened their ports and commenced a
+    destructive fire upon them. The Pirates were now, as nearly as I
+    could judge with the naked eye, thrown into great confusion. Every
+    possible exertion appeared to have been made by them to reach the
+    island, and escape from their pursuers. Some jumped from their boats
+    and attempted to gain the shore by swimming, but these were shot in
+    the water, and the remainder who remained in their boats were very
+    soon after overtaken and captured by two well manned boats
+    dispatched from the sloop of war for that purpose; and, soon had I
+    the satisfaction to see them all on board of the sloop, and in the
+    power of those from whom I was fully satisfied that they would meet
+    with the punishment due to their crimes.
+
+    In describing the characters of this Piratical band of robbers, I
+    have, dear brother, represented them as wretches of the most
+    frightful and ferocious appearance--blood-thirsty monsters, who, in
+    acts of barbarity ought only to be ranked with cannibals, who
+    delight to feast on human flesh. Rendered desperate by their crimes
+    and aware that they should find no mercy if so unfortunate as to
+    fall into the hands of those to whom they show no mercy, to prevent
+    a possibility of detection, and the just execution of the laws
+    wantonly destroy the lives of every one, however innocent, who may
+    be so unfortunate as to fall into their power--such, indeed,
+    brother, is the true character of the band of Pirates (to the number
+    of 30 or 40) by whom it was my misfortune to be captured, with the
+    exception of a single one, who possessed a countenance less savage,
+    and had the appearance of possessing a heart less callous to the
+    feelings of humanity. Fortunately for me, as Divine Providence
+    ordered, this person was one of the four who remained on the island,
+    and on whom the command involved after the unexpected disaster which
+    had deprived them forever of so great a portion of their comrades.
+    From this man (after the capture of the murderous tyrant to whose
+    commands he had been compelled to yield) I received the kindest
+    treatment, and assurances that I should be restored to liberty and
+    to my friends when an opportunity should present, or when it could
+    be consistently done with the safety of their lives and liberty.
+
+    This unhappy man (for such he declared himself to be) took an
+    opportunity to indulge me with a partial relation of a few of the
+    most extraordinary incidents of his life. He declared himself an
+    Englishman by birth, but his real name and place of nativity was he
+    said a secret he would never disclose! "although I must (said he)
+    acknowledge myself by profession a Pirate, yet I can boast of
+    respectable parentage, and the time once was when I myself sustained
+    an unimpeachable character. Loss of property, through the treachery
+    of those whom I considered friends, and in whom I had placed
+    implicit confidence, was what first led me to and induced me to
+    prefer this mode of life, to any of a less criminal nature--but,
+    although I voluntarily became the associate of a band of wretches
+    the most wicked and unprincipled perhaps on earth, yet I solemnly
+    declare that I have not in any one instance personally deprived an
+    innocent fellow creature of life. It was an act of barbarity at
+    which my heart ever recoiled, and against which I always protested.
+    With the property I always insisted we ought to be satisfied,
+    without the destruction of the lives of such who were probably the
+    fathers of families, and who had never offended us. But our gang was
+    as you may suppose chiefly composed of and governed by men without
+    principle, who appeared to delight in the shedding of blood, and
+    whose only excuse has been that by acting with too much humanity in
+    sparing life, they might thereby be exposed and themselves arraigned
+    to answer for their crimes at an earthly tribunal. You can have no
+    conception, madam (continued he), of the immense property that has
+    been piratically captured, and of the number of lives that have been
+    destroyed by this gang alone, and all without the loss of a single
+    one on our part until yesterday, when by an unexpected circumstance
+    our number has been reduced as you see from thirty-five to four!
+    This island has not been our constant abiding place, but the bodies
+    of such as have suffered here have always been conveyed a
+    considerable distance from the shore, and thrown into the sea, where
+    they were probably devoured by the sharks, as not a single one has
+    ever been known afterward to drift on our shores. The property
+    captured has not been long retained on this island, but shipped to a
+    neighboring port, where we have an agent to dispose of it.
+
+    "Of the great number of vessels captured by us (continued he) you
+    are the first and only female that has been so unfortunate as to
+    fall into our hands--and from the moment that I first saw you in our
+    power (well knowing the brutal disposition of him whom we
+    acknowledged our chief) I trembled for your safety, and viewed you
+    as one deprived perhaps of the protection of a husband or brother,
+    to become the victim of an unpitying wretch, whose pretended regard
+    for your sex, and his repeated promises of protection, were
+    hypocritical--a mere mask to lull your fears until he could effect
+    your ruin. His hellish designs, agreeable to his own declarations,
+    would have been carried into effect the very morning that he last
+    visited you, had not an all-wise Providence interfered to save
+    you--and so sensible am I that the unexpected circumstance of his
+    capture, as well as that of the most of our gang, as desperate and
+    unprincipled as himself, must have been by order of Him, from whose
+    all-seeing eye no evil transaction can be hidden, that were I so
+    disposed I should be deterred from doing you any injury through fear
+    of meeting with a similar fate. Nor do my three remaining companions
+    differ with me in opinion, and we all now most solemnly pledge
+    ourselves, that so long as you remain in our power, you shall have
+    nothing to complain of but the deprivation of the society of those
+    whose company no doubt would be more agreeable to you; and as soon
+    as it can be done consistently with our own safety, you shall be
+    conveyed to a place from which you may obtain a passage to your
+    friends. We have now become too few in number to hazard a repetition
+    of our Piratical robberies, and not only this, but some of our
+    captured companions to save their own lives, may prove treacherous
+    enough to betray us; we are therefore making preparation to leave
+    this island for a place of more safety, when you, madam, shall be
+    conveyed and set at liberty as I have promised you."
+
+    Dear brother, if you before doubted, is not the declaration of this
+    man (which I have recorded as correctly as my recollection will
+    admit of) sufficient to satisfy you that I owe my life and safety to
+    the interposition of a Divine Providence! Oh, yes! surely it is--and
+    I feel my insufficiency to thank and praise my Heavenly Protector as
+    I ought, for his loving kindness in preserving me from the evil
+    designs of wicked men, and for finally restoring me to liberty and
+    to my friends!
+
+        I cannot praise Him as I would,
+        But He is merciful and good.
+
+    From this moment every preparation was made by the Pirates to remove
+    from the island. The small quantity of stores and goods which
+    remained on hand (principally of the _Ann Eliza's_ cargo) was either
+    buried on the island, or conveyed away in their boats in the night
+    to some place unknown to me. The last thing done was to demolish
+    their temporary dwellings, which was done so effectually as not to
+    suffer a vestige of any thing to remain that could have led to a
+    discovery that the island had ever been inhabited by such a set of
+    beings. Eleven days from that of the capture of the _Ann Eliza_ (the
+    Pirates having previously put on board several bags of dollars,
+    which from the appearance of the former, I judged had been concealed
+    in the earth) I was ordered to embark with them, but for what place
+    I then knew not.
+
+    About midnight I was landed on the rocky shores of an island which
+    they informed me was Cuba, they furnished me with a few hard biscuit
+    and a bottle of water, and directed me to proceed early in the
+    morning in a northeast direction, to a house about a mile distant,
+    where I was told I would be well treated and be furnished with a
+    guide that would conduct me to Mantansies. With these directions
+    they left me, and I never saw them more.
+
+    At daybreak I set out in search of the house to which I had been
+    directed by the Pirates, and which I had the good fortune to reach
+    in safety in about an hour and a half. It was a humble tenement
+    thatched with canes, without any flooring but the ground, and was
+    tenanted by a man and his wife only, from whom I met with a welcome
+    reception, and by whom I was treated with much hospitality. Although
+    Spaniards, the man could speak and understand enough English to
+    converse with me, and to learn by what means I had been brought so
+    unexpectedly alone and unprotected to his house. Though it was the
+    same to which I had been directed by the Pirates, yet he declared
+    that so far from being in any way connected with them in their
+    Piratical robberies, or enjoying any portion of their ill-gotten
+    gain, no one could hold them in greater abhorrence. Whether he was
+    sincere in these declarations or not, is well known to Him whom the
+    lying tongue cannot deceive--it is but justice to them to say that
+    by both the man and his wife I was treated with kindness, and it was
+    with apparent emotions of pity that they listened to the tale of my
+    sufferings. By their earnest request I remained with them until the
+    morning ensuing, when I set out on foot for Mantansies, accompanied
+    by the Spaniard who had kindly offered to conduct me to that place,
+    which we reached about seven in the evening of the same day.
+
+    At Mantansies I found many Americans and Europeans, by whom I was
+    kindly treated, and who proffered their services to restore me to my
+    friends, but as there were no vessels bound direct from thence to
+    Antigua or St. Johns, I was persuaded to take passage for Jamaica,
+    where it was the opinion of my friends I might obtain a passage more
+    speedily for one or the other place, and where I safely arrived
+    after a pleasant passage of four days.
+
+    The most remarkable and unexpected circumstance of my extraordinary
+    adventures, I have yet, dear brother, to relate. Soon after my
+    arrival at Jamaica, the Authority having been made acquainted with
+    the circumstance of my recent capture by the Pirates, and the
+    extraordinary circumstance which produced my liberation, requested
+    that I might be conducted to the Prison, to see if I could among a
+    number of Pirates recently committed, recognize any of those by whom
+    I had been captured. I was accordingly attended by two or three
+    gentlemen, and two young ladies (who had politely offered to
+    accompany me) to the prison apartment, on entering which, I not only
+    instantly recognized among a number therein confined, the identical
+    savage monster of whom I have had so much occasion to speak (the
+    Pirates' Chief) but the most of those who had composed his gang, and
+    who were captured with him!
+
+    The sudden and unexpected introduction into their apartment of one,
+    whom they had probably in their minds numbered with the victims of
+    their wanton barbarity, produced unquestionably on their minds not
+    an inconsiderable degree of horror as well as surprise! and,
+    considering their condemnation now certain, they no doubt heaped
+    curses upon their more fortunate companions, for sparing the life
+    and setting at liberty one whom an all-wise Providence had conducted
+    to and placed in a situation to bear witness to their unprecedented
+    barbarity.
+
+    Government having through me obtained the necessary proof of the
+    guilt of these merciless wretches, after a fair and impartial trial
+    they were all condemned to suffer the punishment due to their
+    crimes, and seven ordered for immediate execution, one of whom was
+    the barbarian their chief. After the conviction and condemnation of
+    this wretch, in hopes of eluding the course of justice, he made (as
+    I was informed) an attempt upon his own life, by inflicting upon
+    himself deep wounds with a knife which he had concealed for that
+    purpose; but in this he was disappointed, the wounds not proving so
+    fatal as he probably anticipated.
+
+    I never saw this hardened villain or any of his equally criminal
+    companions after their condemnation, although strongly urged to
+    witness their execution, and am therefore indebted to one who daily
+    visited them, for the information of their behavior from that period
+    until that of their execution; which, as regarded the former, I was
+    informed was extremely impenitent--that while proceeding to the
+    place of ignominy and death, he talked with shocking unconcern,
+    hinting that by being instrumental in the destruction of so many
+    lives, he had become too hardened and familiar with death to feel
+    much intimidated at its approach! He was attended to the place of
+    execution by a Roman Catholic Priest, who it was said labored to
+    convince him of the atrociousness of his crimes, but he seemed deaf
+    to all admonition or exhortation, and appeared insensible to the
+    hope of happiness or fear of torment in a future state--and so far
+    from exhibiting a single symptom of penitence, declared that he knew
+    of but one thing for which he had cause to reproach himself, which
+    was in sparing my life and not ordering me to be butchered as the
+    others had been! How awful was the end of the life of this miserable
+    criminal! He looked not with harmony, regard, or a single penitent
+    feeling toward one human being in the last agonies of an ignominious
+    death.
+
+    After remaining nine days at Jamaica, I was so fortunate as to
+    obtain a passage with Capt. Ellsmore, direct for St. Johns--the
+    thoughts of once more returning home and of so soon joining my
+    anxious friends, when I could have an opportunity to communicate to
+    my aged parents, to a beloved sister and a large circle of
+    acquaintances, the sad tale of the misfortunes which had attended me
+    since I bid them adieu, would have been productive of the most
+    pleasing sensations, had they not been interrupted by the melancholy
+    reflection that I was the bearer of tidings of the most
+    heart-rending nature, to the bereaved families of those unfortunate
+    husbands and parents who had in my presence fallen victims to
+    Piratical barbarity. Thankful should I have been had the distressing
+    duty fell to the lot of some one of less sensibility--but, unerring
+    Providence had ordered otherwise. We arrived safe at our port of
+    destination after a somewhat boisterous passage of 18 days. I found
+    my friends all well, but the effects produced on their minds by the
+    relation of the distressing incidents and adverse fortune that had
+    attended me since my departure, I shall not attempt to describe--and
+    much less can you expect, brother, that I should attempt a
+    description of the feelings of the afflicted widow and fatherless
+    child, who first received from me the melancholy tidings that they
+    were so!
+
+    Thus, brother, have I furnished you with as minute a detail of the
+    sad misfortunes that have attended me, in my intended passage to
+    Antigua, in February and March last, as circumstances will admit
+    of--and here permit me once more to repeat the enquiry--is it not
+    sufficient to satisfy you and every reasonable person, that I owe my
+    life and liberty to the interposition of a Divine Providence?--so
+    fully persuaded am I of this, dear brother, and of my great
+    obligations to that Supreme Being who turned not away my prayer nor
+    his mercy from me, that I am determined to engage with my whole
+    heart to serve Him the residue of my days on earth, by the aid of
+    his heavenly grace--and invite all who profess to fear Him (should a
+    single doubt remain on their minds) to come and hear what he hath
+    done for me!
+
+    I am, dear brother, affectionately yours,
+                                                      LUCRETIA PARKER.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[26] From an Old Pamphlet, published in 1825.
+
+
+
+
+THE PASSING OF MOGUL MACKENZIE
+
+The Last of the North Atlantic Pirates[27]
+
+ARTHUR HUNT CHUTE
+
+
+In the farther end of the Bay of Fundy, about a mile off from the Nova
+Scotian coast, is the Isle of Haut. It is a strange rocky island that
+rises several hundred feet sheer out of the sea, without any bay or
+inlets. A landing can only be effected there in the calmest weather; and
+on account of the tremendous ebb of the Fundy tides, which rise and fall
+sixty feet every twelve hours, the venturesome explorer cannot long keep
+his boat moored against the precipitous cliffs.
+
+Because of this inaccessibility little is known of the solitary island.
+Within its rampart walls of rock they say there is a green valley, and
+in its center is a fathomless lake, where the Micmac Indians used to
+bury their dead, and hence its dread appellation of the "Island of the
+Dead." Beyond these bare facts nothing more is certain about the secret
+valley and the haunted lake. Many wild and fabulous descriptions are
+current, but they are merely the weavings of fancy.
+
+Sometimes on a stormy night the unhappy navigators of the North Channel
+miss the coast lights in the fog, and out from the Isle of Haut a
+gentle undertow flirts with their bewildered craft. Then little by
+little they are gathered into a mighty current against which all
+striving is in vain, and in the white foam among the iron cliffs their
+ship is pounded into splinters. The quarry which she gathers in so
+softly at first and so fiercely at last, however, is soon snatched away
+from the siren shore. The ebb-tide bears every sign of wreckage far out
+into the deeps of the Atlantic, and not a trace remains of the
+ill-starred vessel or her crew. But one of the boats in the fishing
+fleet never comes home, and from lonely huts on the coast reproachful
+eyes are cast upon the "Island of the Dead."
+
+On the long winter nights, when the "boys" gather about the fire in Old
+Steele's General Stores at Hall's Harbor, their hard gray life becomes
+bright for a spell. When a keg of hard cider is flowing freely the grim
+fishermen forget their taciturnity, the ice is melted from their speech,
+and the floodgates of their souls pour forth. But ever in the background
+of their talk, unforgotten, like a haunting shadow, is the "Island of
+the Dead." Of their weirdest and most blood-curdling yarns it is always
+the center; and when at last, with uncertain steps, they leave the empty
+keg and the dying fire to turn homeward through the drifting snow,
+fearful and furtive glances are cast to where the island looms up like a
+ghostly sentinel from the sea. Across its high promontory the Northern
+Lights scintillate and blaze, and out of its moving brightness the
+terrified fishermen behold the war-canoes of dead Indians freighted with
+their redskin braves; the forms of _cœur de bois_ and desperate
+Frenchmen swinging down the sky-line in a ghastly snake-dance; the
+shapes and spars of ships long since forgotten from the "Missing List";
+and always, most dread-inspiring of them all, the distress signals from
+the sinking ship of Mogul Mackenzie and his pirate crew.
+
+Captain Mogul Mackenzie was the last of the pirates to scourge the North
+Atlantic seaboard. He came from that school of freebooters that was let
+loose by the American Civil War. With a letter of marque from the
+Confederate States, he sailed the seas to prey on Yankee shipping. He
+and his fellow-privateers were so thorough in their work of destruction,
+that the Mercantile Marine of the United States was ruined for a
+generation to come. When the war was over the defeated South called off
+her few remaining bloodhounds on the sea. But Mackenzie, who was still
+at large, had drunk too deeply of the wine of a wild, free life. He did
+not return to lay down his arms, but began on a course of shameless
+piracy. He lived only a few months under the black flag, until he went
+down on the Isle of Haut. The events of that brief and thrilling period
+are unfortunately obscure, with only a ray of light here and there. But
+the story of his passing is the most weird of all the strange yarns
+that are spun about the "Island of the Dead."
+
+In May, 1865, a gruesome discovery was made off the coast of Maine,
+which sent a chill of fear through all the seaport towns of New England.
+A whaler bound for New Bedford was coming up Cape Cod one night long
+after dark. There was no fog, and the lights of approaching vessels
+could easily be discerned. The man on the lookout felt no uneasiness at
+his post, when, without any warning of bells or lights, the sharp bow of
+a brigantine suddenly loomed up, hardly a ship's length in front.
+
+"What the blazes are you trying to do?" roared the mate from the bridge,
+enraged at this unheard-of violation of the right of way. But no voice
+answered his challenge, and the brigantine went swinging by, with all
+her sails set to a spanking breeze. She bore directly across the bow of
+the whaler, which just grazed her stern in passing.
+
+"There's something rotten on board there," said the mate.
+
+"Ay," said the captain, who had come on the bridge, "there's something
+rotten there right enough. Swing your helm to port, and get after the
+devils," he ordered.
+
+"Ay, ay, sir!" came the ready response, and nothing loth the helmsman
+changed his course to follow the eccentric craft. She was evidently
+bound on some secret mission, for not otherwise would she thus tear
+through the darkness before the wind without the flicker of a light.
+
+The whaler was the swifter of the two ships, and she could soon have
+overhauled the other; but fearing some treachery, the captain refrained
+from running her down until daylight. All night long she seemed to be
+veering her course, attempting to escape from her pursuer. In the
+morning, off the coast of Maine, she turned her nose directly out to
+sea. Then a boat was lowered from the whaler, and rowed out to intercept
+the oncoming vessel. When they were directly in her course, they lay on
+their oars and waited. The brigantine did not veer again, but came
+steadily on, and soon the whalemen were alongside, and made themselves
+fast to a dinghy which she had in tow. A few minutes of apprehensive
+waiting followed, and as nothing happened, one of the boldest swung
+himself up over the tow-rope on to the deck. He was followed by the
+others, and they advanced cautiously with drawn knives and pistols.
+
+Not a soul was to be seen, and the men, who were brave enough before a
+charging whale, trembled with fear. The wheel and the lookout were alike
+deserted, and no sign of life could be discovered anywhere below. In the
+galley were the embers of a dead fire, and the table in the captain's
+cabin was spread out ready for a meal which had never been eaten. On
+deck everything was spick and span, and not the slightest evidence of a
+storm or any other disturbance could be found. The theory of a derelict
+was impossible. Apparently all had been well on board, and they had been
+sailing with good weather, when, without any warning, her crew had been
+suddenly snatched away by some dread power.
+
+The sailors with one accord agreed that it was the work of a
+sea-serpent. But the mate had no place for the ordinary superstitions of
+the sea, and he still scoured the hold, expecting at any minute to
+encounter a dead body or some other evil evidence of foul play. Nothing
+more, however, was found, and the mate at length had to end his search
+with the unsatisfactory conclusion that the _St. Clare_, a brigantine
+registered from Hartpool, with cargo of lime, had been abandoned on the
+high seas for no apparent reason. Her skipper had taken with him the
+ship's papers, and had not left a single clue behind.
+
+A crew was told off to stand by the _St. Clare_ to bring her into port,
+and the others climbed into the long-boat to row back to the whaler.
+
+"Just see if there is a name on that there dinghy, before we go," said
+the mate.
+
+An exclamation of horror broke from one of the men as he read on the bow
+of the dinghy the name, _Kanawha_.
+
+The faces of all went white with a dire alarm as the facts of the
+mystery suddenly flashed before them. The _Kanawha_ was the ship in
+which Captain Mogul Mackenzie had made himself notorious as a
+privateersman. Every one had heard her awe-inspiring name, and every
+Yankee seafaring man prayed that he might never meet her on the seas.
+After the _Alabama_ was sunk, and the _Talahassee_ was withdrawn, the
+_Kanawha_ still remained to threaten the shipping of the North. For a
+long time her whereabouts had been unknown, and then she was discovered
+by a Federal gunboat, which gave chase and fired upon her. Without
+returning fire, she raced in for shelter amongst the dangerous islands
+off Cape Sable, and was lost in the fog. Rumor had it that she ran on
+the rocks off that perilous coast, and sank with all on board. As time
+went by, and there was no more sign of the corsair, the rumor was
+accepted as proven. Men began to spin yarns in the forecastle about
+Mogul Mackenzie, with an interest that was tinged with its former fear.
+Skippers were beginning to feel at ease again on the grim waters, when
+suddenly, like a bolt from the blue, came the awful news of the
+discovery of the _St. Clare_.
+
+Gunboats put off to scour the coast-line; and again with fear and
+trembling the look-out began to eye suspiciously every new sail coming
+up on the horizon.
+
+One afternoon, toward the end of May, a schooner came tearing into
+Portland harbor, with all her canvas, crowded on, and flying distress
+signals. Her skipper said that off the island of Campabello he had seen
+a long gray sailing-ship with auxiliary power sweeping down upon him. As
+the wind was blowing strong inshore, he had taken to his heels and made
+for Portland. He was chased all the way, and his pursuer did not drop
+him until he was just off the harbor bar.
+
+Many doubted his story, however, saying that no one would dare to chase
+a peaceful craft so near to a great port in broad daylight. And, again,
+it was urged that an auxiliary vessel could easily have overhauled the
+schooner between Campabello and Portland. The fact that the captain of
+the schooner was as often drunk as sober, and that when he was under the
+influence of drink he was given to seeing visions, was pointed to as
+conclusive proof that his yarn was a lie. After the New Bedford whaler
+came into port with the abandoned _St. Clare_, it was known beyond doubt
+that the _Kanawha_ was still a real menace. But nobody cared to admit
+that Mogul Mackenzie was as bold as the schooner's report would imply,
+and hence countless arguments were put forward to allay such fears.
+
+But a few days later the fact that the pirates were still haunting their
+coast was absolutely corroborated. A coastal packet from Boston arrived
+at Yarmouth with the news that she had not only sighted _Kanawha_ in the
+distance, but they had crossed each other's paths so near that the name
+could be discerned beyond question with a spyglass. She was heading up
+the Bay of Fundy, and did not pause or pay any heed to the other ship.
+
+This news brought with it consternation, and every town and village
+along the Fundy was a-hum with stories and theories about the pirate
+ship. The interest, instead of being abated, was augmented as the days
+went by with no further report. In the public-houses and along the quays
+it was almost the only topic of conversation. The excitement became
+almost feverish when it was known that several captains, outward bound,
+had taken with them a supply of rifles and ammunition. The prospect of a
+fight seemed imminent.
+
+About a week after the adventure of the Boston packet Her Majesty's ship
+_Buzzard_ appeared off Yarmouth harbor. The news of the _Kanawha_ had
+come to the Admiral at Halifax, and he had dispatched the warship to
+cruise about the troubled coast.
+
+"That'll be the end of old Mogul Mackenzie, now that he's got an English
+ship on his trail," averred a Canadian as he sat drinking in the
+"Yarmouth Light" with a group of seafaring men of various nationalities.
+"It takes the British jack-tar to put the kibosh on this pirate game.
+One of them is worth a shipload of Yankees at the business."
+
+"Well, don't you crow too loud now," replied a Boston skipper. "I reckon
+that that Nova Scotian booze-artist, who ran into Portland the other day
+scared of his shadow, would not do you fellows much credit."
+
+"Yes; but what about your gunboats that have had the job of fixing the
+_Kanawha_ for the last three years, and haven't done it yet?" The
+feelings between Canada and the United States were none too good just
+after the Civil War, and the Canadian was bound not to lose this
+opportunity for horse-play. "You're a fine crowd of sea-dogs, you are,
+you fellows from the Boston Tea-Party. Three years after one little
+half-drowned rat, and haven't got him yet. Wouldn't Sir Francis Drake or
+Lord Nelson be proud of the record that you long-legged, slab-sided
+Yankees have made on the sea!"
+
+"Shut your mouth! you blue-nosed, down-East herring-choker!" roared the
+Yankee skipper. "I reckon we've given you traitors that tried to stab us
+in the back a good enough licking; and if any more of your dirty dogs
+ever come nosing about down south of Mason and Dixon's Line, I bet
+they'll soon find out what our record is."
+
+"Well, you fools can waste your tongue and wind," said a third man,
+raising his glass, "but for me here's good luck to the _Buzzard_."
+
+"So say we all of us," chimed in the others, and the Yankee and the
+Canadian drank together to the success of the British ship, forgetting
+their petty jealousies before a common foe.
+
+Everywhere the news of the arrival of the British warship was hailed
+with delight. All seemed to agree that her presence assured the speedy
+extermination of the pirate crew. But after several days of futile
+cruising about the coast, her commander, to escape from a coming storm,
+had to put into St. Mary's Bay, with the object of his search still
+eluding his vigilance. He only arrived in time to hear the last chapter
+of the _Kanawha's_ tale of horrors.
+
+The night before, Dominic Lefountain, a farmer living alone at
+Meteighan, a little village on the French shore, had been awakened from
+his sleep by the moaning and wailing of a human voice. For days the
+imminent peril of an assault from the pirates had filled the people of
+the French coast with forebodings. And now, awakened thus in the dead of
+night, the lonely Frenchman was wellnigh paralyzed with terror. With his
+flesh creeping, and his eyes wide, he groped for his rifle, and waited
+in the darkness, while ever and anon came those unearthly cries from the
+beach. Nearly an hour passed before he could gather himself together
+sufficiently to investigate the cause of the alarm. At last, when the
+piteous wailing had grown weak and intermittent, the instinct of
+humanity mastered his fears, and he went forth to give a possible succor
+to the one in need.
+
+On the beach, lying prostrate, with the water lapping about his feet, he
+found a man in the last stage of exhaustion. The blood was flowing from
+his mouth, and as Dominic turned him over to stanch its flow, he found
+that his tongue had been cut out, and hence the unearthly wailing which
+had roused him from his sleep. The beach was deserted by this time, and
+it was too dark to see far out into the bay.
+
+Dominic carried the unfortunate man to his house, and nursed him there
+for many weeks. He survived his frightful experiences, and lived on for
+twenty years, a pathetic and helpless figure, supported by the
+big-hearted farmers and fishermen of the French shore. Evidently he had
+known too much for his enemies, and they had sealed his mouth forever.
+He became known as the "Mysterious Man of Meteighan," and his deplorable
+condition was always pointed to as a mute witness of the last villainy
+of Mogul Mackenzie.
+
+On the night following the episode of the "Mysterious Man of Meteighan,"
+a wild and untoward storm swept down the North Atlantic and over the
+seaboard far and near. In the Bay of Fundy that night the elements met
+in their grandest extremes. Tide-rips and mountain waves opposed each
+other with titanic force. All along the bleak and rock-ribbed coast the
+boiling waters lay churned into foam. Over the breakwaters the giant
+combers crashed and soared far up into the troubled sky; while out under
+the black clouds of the night the whirlpools and the tempests met. Was
+ever a night like this before? Those on shore thanked God; and those
+with fathers on the sea gazed out upon a darkness where no star of hope
+could shine.
+
+Now and again through the Stygian gloom a torrent of sheet-lightning
+rolled down across the heavens, bringing in its wake a moment of
+terrible light. It was in one of these brief moments of illumination
+that the wan watchers at Hall's Harbor discerned a long gray ship being
+swept like a specter before the winds towards the Isle of Haut. Until
+the flash of lightning the doomed seamen appeared to have been
+unconscious of their fast approaching fate; and then, as if suddenly
+awakened, they sent a long thin trail of light, to wind itself far up
+into the darkness. Again and again the rockets shot upward from her bow,
+while above the noises of the tempest came the roar of a gun.
+
+The people on the shore looked at each other with blanched faces,
+speechless, helpless. A lifetime by that shore had taught them the utter
+puniness of the sons of men. Others would have tried to do something
+with what they thought was their strong arm. But the fishermen knew too
+well that the Fundy's arm was stronger. In silence they waited with
+bated breath while the awful moments passed. Imperturbable they stood
+there, with their feet in the white foam and their faces in the salt
+spray, and gazed at the curtain of the night, behind which a tragedy was
+passing, as dark and dire as any in the annals of the sea.
+
+Another flash of lightning, and there, dashing upon the iron rocks, was
+a great ship, with all her sails set, and a cloud of lurid smoke
+trailing from her funnel. She was gray-colored, with auxiliary power,
+and as her lines dawned upon those who saw her in the moment of light,
+they burst out with one accord, "It's the _Kanawha_! It's the
+_Kanawha_!" As if an answer to their sudden cry another gun roared, and
+another shower of rockets shot up into the sky; and then all was lost
+again in the darkness and the voices of the tempest.
+
+Next morning the winds had gone out with the tide, and when in the
+afternoon the calm waters had risen, a boat put off from Hall's Harbor
+and rowed to the Isle of Haut. For several hours the rocky shores were
+searched for some traces of the wreck, but not a spar or splinter could
+be found. All about the bright waters laughed, with naught but the
+sunbeams on their bosom, and not a shadow remained from last night's
+sorrow on the sea.
+
+So Mogul Mackenzie, who had lived a life of stress, passed out on the
+wings of storm. In his end, as always, he baffled pursuit, and was
+sought but could not be found. His sailings on the sea were in secret,
+and his last port in death was a mystery. But, as has been already
+related, when the Northern Lights come down across the haunted island,
+the distress signals of his pirate crew are still seen shooting up into
+the night.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[27] From _Blackwood's Magazine_.
+
+
+
+
+THE LAST OF THE SEA-ROVERS
+
+The Riff Coast Pirates[28]
+
+W. B. LORD
+
+    O nay, O nay, then said our King,
+      O nay, this must not be,
+    To yield to such a rover
+      Myself will not agree;
+    He hath deceived the Frenchman,
+      Likewise the King of Spain,
+    And how can he be true to me,
+      That hath been false to twain?
+
+                OLD SEA SONG OF THE YEAR 1620.
+
+
+Probably by this time the greater part of the piratical craft along the
+Riff coast has been destroyed, and the long-promised Moorish gunboat
+stationed there to protect foreign shipping.[29] These steps have
+doubtless been hastened by the fact that the pirates, unfortunately for
+themselves, attacked a vessel some little time ago belonging to the
+Sultan of Morocco. For years past the Governments of several European
+Powers have sought to put friendly pressure upon the Sultan of Morocco
+to effectually stop the depredations of the Riffian coast pirates. No
+strong measures, however, were really taken until the above episode
+occurred. It is said that in early days the Moors were some time in
+accustoming themselves to the perils of the deep. At first they
+marvelled greatly at "those that go down to the sea in ships, and have
+their business in great waters," but they did not hasten to follow their
+example. One eminent ruler of ancient times, in that region, when asked
+what the sea was like, replied, "The sea is a huge beast which silly
+folk ride like worms on logs." But it afterwards became clear that the
+Moors had a strong fancy for the "worms" and "logs" too. They gave up
+marvelling at those who went to sea, and went on it themselves in search
+of plunder. The risk, the uncertainty, the danger, the sense of superior
+skill and ingenuity, that attract the adventurous spirit, and the
+passion for sport, are stated by some writers to have brought such a
+state of things into existence. One fact seems to be pretty certain,
+that when these depredations were first made, they took the form of
+reprisals upon the Spaniards. No sooner was Granada fallen, than
+thousands of desperate Moors left the land, disdaining to live under a
+Spanish yoke. Settling along a portion of the northern coast of Africa,
+they immediately proceeded to first attack all Spanish vessels that
+could be found. Their quickness and knowledge of the coasts gave them
+the opportunity of reprisals for which they longed. Probably this got
+monotonous in course of time, for in their wild sea courses they took
+to harrying the vessels belonging to other nations, and so laid the
+foundation for a race of pirates, which has continued down to quite
+recently. As nowadays, the Moors cruised in boats from the commencement
+of their marauding expeditions. Each man pulled an oar, and knew how to
+fight as well as row. Drawing little water, a small squadron of these
+craft could be pushed up almost any creek, or lie hidden behind a rock,
+till the enemy came in sight. Then oars out, and a quick stroke for a
+few minutes. Next they were alongside their unsuspecting prey, and
+pouring in a first volley. Ultimately the prize was usually taken, the
+crew put in irons, and the pirates returned home with their capture, no
+doubt being received with acclamation upon their arrival.
+
+As far back as the sixteenth century the Spanish forts at Alhucemas--not
+to mention other places--were established for the purpose of repressing
+piracy in its vicinity. Considerable interest is attached to several of
+the piracies committed during the past few years, as they culminated in
+strong representations being made to the Sultan of Morocco by the
+various Governments under whose flag the respective vessels sailed. Some
+of them went so far as to send warships to cruise along the Riffian
+coast. This step apparently had some moral effect upon the pirates, for
+from that time onwards attacks upon foreign vessels practically ceased.
+Something more than this, however, was needed, for no one could say how
+soon the marauding expeditions might be renewed upon a larger scale than
+ever, so as to make up for lost opportunities. On August 14, 1897, the
+Italian three-masted schooner _Fiducia_ was off the coast of Morocco, in
+the Mediterranean, homeward bound from Pensacola to Marseilles. Here she
+got becalmed, and while in that condition two boats approached her from
+the shore. At first the crew of the _Fiducia_ thought they were native
+fishing boats. When, however, the latter got within a hundred yards or
+so of the helpless vessel, the suspicions of the crew were aroused. The
+captain warned the Moors not to approach any nearer; a volley of bullets
+was returned by way of reply, followed by a regular fusillade as the
+boats advanced. There were only three revolvers on board the schooner,
+and with these the crew prepared to defend themselves. Soon, however,
+their supply of ammunition became exhausted, and the pirates boarded the
+schooner without further opposition. The vessel was at once ransacked,
+even the clothes of the crew being taken. The ship's own boat was
+lowered, and into this the marauders put their booty, and took it
+ashore, also carrying the captain and one of the crew with them. About
+an hour later another boat, containing about twenty pirates, came off
+and fired on the ship. The crew, seeing that they could offer no
+effective resistance, hid themselves away in the hold. The other pirates
+had left very little for the new arrivals to take, and this seemed to
+annoy them so much that they gave vent to their ill-feelings in several
+ways, not the least wanton being the pollution of the ship's fresh
+water. They also smashed the vessel's compass, and tore up the charts.
+For the next two days the crew existed on a few biscuits, which the
+pirates had left behind. The following day the British steamship
+_Oanfa_, of London, hove in sight. The crew of the schooner hoisted a
+shirt as a signal, which was fortunately seen, and a boat sent off in
+response thereto. Assistance was promptly rendered, and the _Fiducia_
+put in a position to resume her voyage. This was done until spoken by
+the Italian cruiser _Ercole_, which assisted the schooner to her
+destination.
+
+In October, 1896, the French barque _Prosper Corue_ was lying becalmed
+off Alhucemas, a place fortified by the Spaniards to keep the pirates in
+check, when several boats full of armed Moors seized the vessel and made
+the crew prisoners. They then completely pillaged the ship, removing
+almost everything of any use or value. While the miscreants were thus
+busily engaged a Spanish merchant steamship, named the _Sevilla_,
+happened to come along, and was in time to capture one boat and rescue
+several of the prisoners. The _Sevilla_ then made towards the barque,
+but the pirates opened fire on the steamer, killing and wounding some of
+the crew. The Spaniard was compelled to retire, leaving the captain of
+the barque in the hands of the Moors. Subsequently the barque was
+picked up in an abandoned condition by the British steamship _Oswin_,
+and towed into Almeria. An arrangement was afterwards made with the
+pirates to release the captains of the _Fiducia_ and the Portuguese
+barque _Rosita Faro_--a much earlier capture--and some members of both
+crews, in exchange for the Riffians captured by the Spanish steamer
+_Sevilla_ and a ransom of 3,000 dollars. It was only after prolonged
+negotiations and a large sum of money that a French warship succeeded in
+obtaining the freedom of the captain of the _Prosper Corue_ and a few
+other Frenchmen. For some reason or other, the pirates seemed very much
+disinclined to part with these prisoners. Only a short time before the
+attack on the French barque took place, a notice was issued by the
+British Board of Trade, in which the attention of ship-owners and
+masters of vessels was called to the dangers attending navigation off
+the coast of Morocco. The document then proceeded to detail the case of
+the British schooner _Mayer_, of Gibraltar, which was boarded about 10
+miles from the Riff coast by twenty Moors armed with rifles and daggers.
+As usual, the pirates ransacked the vessel, destroyed the ensign and
+ship's papers, brutally assaulted the men on board, and then made off in
+their boat. Scarcely had the foregoing notice been generally circulated
+than another case of a similar character happened in connection with the
+Italian schooner _Scatuola_. Again, there is the Spanish cutter
+_Jacob_. She was running along the Moorish coast one fine summer's
+evening a few years since, when a boat full of pirates suddenly came
+alongside, and speedily upset the quietness which had previously reigned
+on board the _Jacob_. Five of the crew managed to escape in the cutter's
+boat and were picked up some days later by a passing vessel. Those who
+remained on board the cutter fared very badly. After the vessel had been
+pillaged, the rigging and sails destroyed, the men were all securely
+bound and left to their fate. Fortunately the weather continued fine,
+and the _Jacob_ drifted towards the Spanish coast, where she was seen
+and assistance promptly rendered.
+
+The captain of another Spanish vessel had quite a "thrilling" adventure
+among these pirates in May, 1892. He left Gibraltar in command of the
+barque _San Antonio_ for Alhucemas, and when about six miles from Peñon
+de la Gomera a boat manned by thirteen Moors was observed to be
+approaching the vessel. When near enough they opened fire, and ordered
+the captain to lower his sails, which was done, as the Spaniards were,
+practically speaking, without arms. The Moors then boarded the _San
+Antonio_ and took her in tow. When close to the land the captain was
+rowed ashore, and the pirates spent part of the night in unloading the
+cargo. Next morning the _San Antonio_ was seen drifting out to sea, and
+the captain, who was afraid of being put to death, suggested that he
+should go on board and bring her back to the anchorage. Probably
+thinking that some of their comrades were on the barque, but unable to
+set the necessary canvas to return, only two Moors were sent off with
+the captain, and these remained in the boat when the vessel was reached.
+Upon gaining the deck of the barque the captain was surprised to find
+himself alone. Without hesitating for a moment he released the crew, who
+were confined below, hoisted sail and stood out to sea. The Moors who
+had been left in the boat were speedily cut adrift, much to their
+amazement, for it so happened that none of the pirates had stayed on
+board. No doubt they were eager to find a safe hiding-place for their
+plunder, and, thinking the barque quite secure till morning, took no
+further heed of the matter. A few days later the _San Antonio_ arrived
+at Gibraltar, where full particulars of the outrage were furnished to
+the authorities. Space will not admit of details being given of the
+attacks on the Spanish barque _Goleta_, the Portuguese barque _Rosita
+Faro_, the British felucca _Joven Enrique_, and other vessels. It should
+be mentioned, however, that several famous British and foreign sailing
+yachts upon various occasions have had remarkably narrow escapes from
+being captured by these sea ruffians.
+
+It is sincerely to be hoped that the Sultan of Morocco is carrying out
+his task in such a manner as will induce the inhabitants of the Riff
+coast to follow some occupation in future which is more likely to be
+appreciated by those who have to navigate vessels in the Mediterranean.
+Previous to stern measures being taken by the Sultan, it was not at all
+uncommon for his envoys to the native tribes--for the purpose of
+obtaining the release of captives--to be received with derision. Often,
+too, they were maltreated to such an extent that they were glad to
+escape with their lives. Some of the neighboring tribes continually
+endeavored to purchase captives for the pleasure of killing them, but it
+is satisfactory to learn that no sales are recorded, as the anticipated
+ransom was always largely in excess of the sums offered by the
+bloodthirsty natives.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[28] From the _Nautical Magazine_.
+
+[29] About twenty years ago.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Great Pirate Stories, by Various
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Great Pirate Stories, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Great Pirate Stories
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Joseph Lewis French
+
+Release Date: October 29, 2008 [EBook #27090]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GREAT PIRATE STORIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Stephen Blundell and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                   GREAT PIRATE STORIES
+
+
+                         EDITED BY
+
+                    JOSEPH LEWIS FRENCH
+ Editor of "Great Sea Stories," "Masterpieces of Mystery,"
+                "Great Ghost Stories," etc.
+
+
+                        TWO VOLUMES
+                          IN ONE
+
+
+                   TUDOR PUBLISHING CO.
+                         NEW YORK
+
+
+
+
+      First Printing, November, 1922
+      Second Printing, January, 1923
+      Third Printing, November, 1923
+      Fourth Printing, November, 1929
+
+
+ _Printed in the United States of America_
+
+      Copyright, 1922, by Brentano's
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+    Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.
+    Archaic, dialect and quoted spellings (including inconsistent proper
+    nouns), in addition to irregular hyphenation, remain as printed. The
+    oe ligature is shown as [oe], whilst [)a] and [)i] indicate a breve
+    over the relevant vowel.
+
+
+
+
+    Go tell your King, he is King of the Land;
+    But I am the King of the Sea!
+
+                      BARBAROSSA TO CHARLES V.
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+
+Piracy embodies the romance of the sea at its highest expression. It is
+a sad but inevitable commentary on our civilization, that, so far as the
+sea is concerned, it has developed from its infancy down to a century or
+so ago, under one phase or another of piracy. If men were savages on
+land they were doubly so at sea, and all the years of maritime
+adventure--years that added to the map of the world till there was
+little left to discover--could not wholly eradicate the piratical germ.
+It went out gradually with the settlement and ordering of the far-flung
+British colonies. Great Britain, foremost of sea powers, must be
+credited with doing more both directly and indirectly for the abolition
+of crime and disorder on the high seas than any other force. But the
+conquest was not complete till the advent of steam which chased the
+sea-rover into the farthest corners of his domain. It is said that he
+survives even today in certain spots in the Chinese waters,--but he is
+certainly an innocuous relic. A pirate of any sort would be as great a
+curiosity today if he could be caught and exhibited as a fabulous
+monster.
+
+The fact remains and will always persist that in the lore of the sea he
+is far and away the most picturesque figure,--and the more genuine and
+gross his career, the higher degree of interest does he inspire.
+
+There may be a certain human perversity in this, for the pirate was
+unquestionably a bad man--at his best, or worst--considering his
+surroundings and conditions,--undoubtedly the worst man that ever lived.
+There is little to soften the dark yet glowing picture of his exploits.
+But again, it must be remembered, that not only does the note of
+distance subdue, and even lend a certain enchantment to the scene, but
+the effect of contrast between our peaceful times and his own
+contributes much to deepen our interest in him. Perhaps it is this
+latter, added to that deathless spark in the human breast that glows at
+the tale of adventure, which makes him the kind of hero of romance that
+he is today.
+
+He is undeniably a redoubtable historical figure. It is a curious fact
+that the commerce of the seas was cradled in the lap of buccaneering.
+The constant danger of the deeps in this form only made hardier mariners
+out of the merchant-adventurers, actually stimulating and strengthening
+maritime enterprise.
+
+Buccaneering--which is only a politer term for piracy--thus became the
+high romance of the seas during the great centuries of maritime
+adventure. It went hand in hand with discovery,--they were in fact
+almost inseparable. Most of the mighty mariners from the days of Leif
+the Discoverer, through those of the redoubtable Sir Francis Drake down
+to our own Paul Jones, answer to the roll-call.
+
+It was a bold hardy world--this of ours--up to the advent of our
+giant-servant, Steam,--every foot of which was won by fierce conquest of
+one sort or another. Out of this past the pirate emerges as a romantic,
+even at times heroic, figure. This final niche, despite his crimes,
+cannot altogether be denied him. A hero he is and will remain so long as
+tales of the sea are told. So, have at him, in these pages!
+
+                                                  JOSEPH LEWIS FRENCH.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                                    PAGE
+
+ The Piccaroon                                                         1
+       From _Tom Cringle's Log_. By MICHAEL SCOTT.
+
+ The Capture of Panama, 1671                                          23
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ The Malay Proas                                                      52
+       From _Afloat and Ashore_. By JAMES FENIMORE COOPER.
+
+ The Wonderful Fight of the _Exchange_ of Bristol with the
+   Pirates of Algiers                                                 61
+       From _Purchas, His Pilgrims_. By SAMUEL PURCHAS.
+
+ The Daughter of the Great Mogul                                      89
+       From _The King of the Pirates_. By DANIEL DEFOE.
+
+ Barbarossa--King of the Corsairs                                     97
+       From _Sea Wolves of the Mediterranean_. By E. HAMILTON
+         CURREY, R.N.
+
+ Morgan at Puerto Bello                                              115
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ The Ways of the Buccaneers                                          126
+       From _Buccaneer Customs on the Spanish Main_. By JOHN
+         MASEFIELD after JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ A True Account of Three Notorious Pirates                           132
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By HOWARD PYLE, ED.
+
+ Narrative of the Capture of the Ship _Derby_, 1735                  196
+       By CAPTAIN ANSELM.
+
+ Francis Lolonois, the Slave Who Became a Pirate King                209
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ The Fight between the _Dorrill_ and the _Moca_                      232
+       From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+ Jaddi the Malay Pirate                                              240
+       From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+ The Terrible Ladrones                                               247
+       From _The Ladrone Pirates_. By RICHARD GLASSPOOLE.
+
+ The Female Captive                                                  276
+       From an Old Pamphlet, published in 1825. By LUCRETIA
+         PARKER.
+
+ The Passing of Mogul Mackenzie, the Last of the North Atlantic
+   Pirates                                                           298
+       From _Blackwood's Magazine_. By ARTHUR HUNT CHUTE.
+
+ The Last of the Sea-Rovers: The Riff Coast Pirates                  312
+       From the _Nautical Magazine_. By W. B. LORD.
+
+
+
+
+GREAT PIRATE STORIES
+
+
+
+
+THE PICCAROON[1]
+
+MICHAEL SCOTT
+
+"Ours the wild life in tumult still to range."--_The Corsair._
+
+
+We returned to Carthagena, to be at hand should any opportunity occur
+for Jamaica, and were lounging about one forenoon on the fortifications,
+looking with sickening hearts out to seaward, when a voice struck up the
+following negro ditty close to us:--
+
+    "Fader was a Corramantee,
+      Moder was a Mingo,
+    Black picaniny buccra wantee,
+      So dem sell a me, Peter, by jingo.
+          Jiggery, jiggery, jiggery."
+
+"Well sung, Massa Bungo!" exclaimed Mr. Splinter; "where do you hail
+from, my hearty?"
+
+"Hillo! Bungo, indeed! free and easy dat, anyhow. Who you yousef, eh?"
+
+"Why, Peter," continued the lieutenant, "don't you know me?"
+
+"Cannot say dat I do," rejoined the negro, very gravely, without lifting
+his head, as he sat mending his jacket in one of the embrasures near the
+water-gate of the arsenal--"Hab not de honour of your acquaintance,
+sir."
+
+He then resumed his scream, for song it could not be called:--
+
+    "Mammy Sally's daughter
+      Lose him shoe in an old canoe
+    Dat lay half full of water,
+      And den she knew not what to do.
+          Jiggery, jig----"
+
+"Confound your jiggery, jiggery, sir! But I know you well enough, my
+man; and you can scarcely have forgotten Lieutenant Splinter of the
+Torch, one would think?"
+
+However, it was clear that the poor fellow really had not known us; for
+the name so startled him, that, in his hurry to unlace his legs from
+under him, as he sat tailor-fashion, he fairly capsized out of his
+perch, and toppled down on his nose--a feature, fortunately, so
+flattened by the hand of nature, that I question if it could have been
+rendered more obtuse had he fallen out of the maintop on a timber-head,
+or a marine officer's.
+
+"Eh!--no--yes, him sure enough; and who is de picaniny hofficer--Oh! I
+see, Massa Tom Cringle? Garamighty, gentlemen, where have you drop from?
+Where is de old Torch? Many a time hab I, Peter Mangrove, pilot to Him
+Britannic Majesty squadron, taken de old brig in and through amongst de
+keys at Port Royal!"
+
+"Ay, and how often did you scour her copper against the coral reefs,
+Peter?"
+
+His Majesty's pilot gave a knowing look, and laid his hand on his
+breast--"No more of dat if you love me, massa."
+
+"Well, well, it don't signify now, my boy; she will never give you that
+trouble again--foundered--all hands lost, Peter, but the two you see
+before you."
+
+"Werry sorry, Massa Plinter, werry sorry--What! de black cook's-mate and
+all?--But misfortune can't be help. Stop till I put up my needle, and I
+will take a turn wid you." Here he drew himself up with a great deal of
+absurd gravity. "Proper dat British hofficer in distress should assist
+one anoder--we shall consult togeder.--How can I serve you?"
+
+"Why, Peter, if you could help us to a passage to Port Royal, it would
+be serving us most essentially. When we used to be lying there a week
+seldom passed without one of the squadron arriving from this; but here
+have we been for more than a month without a single pennant belonging to
+the station having looked in: our money is running short, and if we are
+to hold on in Carthagena for another six weeks, we shall not have a shot
+left in the locker--not a copper to tinkle on a tombstone."
+
+The negro looked steadfastly at us, then carefully around. There was no
+one near.
+
+"You see, Massa Plinter, I am desirable to serve you, for one little
+reason of my own; but, beside dat, it is good for me at present to make
+some friend wid de hofficer of de squadron, being as how dat I am absent
+widout leave."
+
+"Oh, I perceive--a large R against your name in the master-attendant's
+books, eh?"
+
+"You have hit it, sir, werry close; besides, I long mosh to return to my
+poor wife, Nancy Cator, dat I leave, wagabone dat I is, just about to be
+confine."
+
+I could not resist putting in my oar.
+
+"I saw Nancy just before we sailed, Peter--fine child that; not quite so
+black as you, though."
+
+"Oh, massa," said Snowball, grinning, and showing his white teeth, "you
+know I am soch a terrible black fellow--But you are a leetle out at
+present, massa--I meant, about to be confine in de work-house for
+stealing de admiral's Muscovy ducks;" and he laughed loud and
+long.--"However, if you will promise dat you will stand my friends, I
+will put you in de way of getting a shove across to de east end of
+Jamaica; and I will go wid you too, for company."
+
+"Thank you," rejoined Mr. Splinter; "but how do you mean to manage this?
+There is no Kingston trader here at present, and you don't mean to make
+a start of it in an open boat, do you?"
+
+"No, sir, I don't; but in de first place--as you are a gentleman, will
+you try and get me off when we get to Jamaica? Secondly, will you
+promise dat you will not seek to know more of de vessel you may go in,
+nor of her crew, than dey are willing to tell you, provided you are
+landed safe?"
+
+"Why, Peter, I scarcely think you would deceive us, for you know I saved
+your bacon in that awkward affair, when through drunkenness you plumped
+the Torch ashore, so----"
+
+"Forget dat, sir--forget dat! Never shall poor black pilot forget how
+you saved him from being seized up, when de gratings, boatswain's mates,
+and all, were ready at de gangway--never shall poor black rascal forget
+dat."
+
+"Indeed, I do not think you would wittingly betray us into trouble,
+Peter; and as I guess you mean one of the forced traders, we will
+venture in her, rather than kick about here any longer, and pay a
+moderate sum for our passage."
+
+"Den wait here five minute"--and so saying, he slipped down through the
+embrasure into a canoe that lay beneath, and in a trice we saw him jump
+on board of a long low nondescript kind of craft that lay moored within
+pistol-shot of the walls.
+
+She was a large shallow vessel, coppered to the bends, of great breadth
+of beam, with bright sides, like an American, so painted as to give her
+a clumsy mercantile sheen externally, but there were many things that
+belied this to a nautical eye: her copper, for instance, was bright as
+burnished gold on her very sharp bows and beautiful run; and we could
+see, from the bastion where we stood, that her decks were flush and
+level. She had no cannon mounted that were visible; but we distinguished
+grooves on her well-scrubbed decks, as from the recent traversing of
+carronade slides, while the bolts and rings in her high and solid
+bulwarks shone clear and bright in the ardent noontide. There was a
+tarpaulin stretched over a quantity of rubbish, old sails, old junk, and
+hencoops, rather ostentatiously piled up forward, which we conjectured
+might conceal a long gun.
+
+She was a very taught-rigged hermaphrodite, or brig forward and schooner
+aft. Her foremast and bowsprit were immensely strong and heavy, and her
+mainmast was so long and tapering, that the wonder was how the few
+shrouds and stays about it could support it; it was the handsomest stick
+we had ever seen. Her upper spars were on the same scale, tapering away
+through topmast, topgallant-mast, royal and skysail-masts, until they
+fined away into slender wands. The sails, that were loose to dry, were
+old, and patched, and evidently displayed to cloak the character of the
+vessel by an ostentatious show of their unserviceable condition; but her
+rigging was beautifully fitted, every rope lying in the chafe of another
+being carefully served with hide. There were several large
+bushy-whiskered fellows lounging about the deck, with their hair
+gathered into dirty net-bags, like the fishermen of Barcelona; many had
+red silk sashes round their waists, through which were stuck their long
+knives, in shark-skin sheaths. Their numbers were not so great as to
+excite suspicion: but a certain daring, reckless manner, would at once
+have distinguished them, independently of anything else, from the quiet,
+hard-worked, red-shirted, merchant seaman.
+
+"That chap is not much to be trusted," said the lieutenant; "his bunting
+would make a few jackets for Joseph, I take it." But we had little time
+to be critical, before our friend Peter came paddling back with another
+blackamoor in the stern, of as ungainly an exterior as could well be
+imagined. He was a very large man, whose weight every now and then, as
+they breasted the short sea, cocked up the snout of the canoe with Peter
+Mangrove in it, as if he had been a cork, leaving him to flourish his
+paddle in the air, like the weather-wheel of a steam-boat in a sea-way.
+The new-comer was strong and broad-shouldered, with long muscular arms,
+and a chest like Hercules; but his legs and thighs were, for his bulk,
+remarkably puny and misshapen. A thick fell of black wool, in close
+tufts, as if his face had been stuck full of cloves, covered his chin
+and upper-lip; and his hair, if hair it could be called, was twisted
+into a hundred short plaits, that bristled out, and gave his head, when
+he took his hat off, the appearance of a porcupine. There was a large
+saber-cut across his nose and down his cheek, and he wore two immense
+gold earrings. His dress consisted of short cotton drawers, that did
+not reach within two inches of his knee, leaving his thin cucumber
+shanks (on which the small bullet-like calf appeared to have been stuck
+before, through mistake, in place of abaft) naked to the shoe; a check
+shirt, and an enormously large Panama hat, made of a sort of cane, split
+small, and worn shovel-fashion. Notwithstanding, he made his bow by no
+means ungracefully, and offered his services in choice Spanish, but
+spoke English as soon as he heard who we were.
+
+"Pray, sir, are you the master of that vessel?" said the lieutenant.
+
+"No, sir, I am the mate, and I learn you are desirous of a passage to
+Jamaica." This was spoken with a broad Scotch accent.
+
+"Yes, we are," said I, in very great astonishment, "but we will not sail
+with the devil; and who ever saw a negro Scotchman before, the spirit of
+Nicol Jarvie conjured into a blackamoor's skin!"
+
+The fellow laughed. "I am black, as you see; so were my father and
+mother before me." And he looked at me, as much as to say, I have read
+the book you quote from. "But I was born in the good town of
+Port-Glasgow notwithstanding, and many a voyage I have made as cabin-boy
+and cook in the good ship the Peggy Bogle, with worthy old Jock Hunter;
+but that matters not. I was told you wanted to go to Jamaica; I dare-say
+our captain will take you for a moderate passage-money. But here he
+comes to speak for himself.--Captain Vanderbosh, here are two
+shipwrecked British officers, who wish to be put on shore on the east
+end of Jamaica; will you take them, and what will you charge for their
+passage?"
+
+The man he spoke to was nearly as tall as himself; he was a sunburnt,
+angular, raw-boned, iron-visaged veteran, with a nose in shape and color
+like the bowl of his own pipe, but not at all, according to the received
+idea, like a Dutchman. His dress was quizzical enough--white-trousers, a
+long-flapped embroidered waistcoat that might have belonged to a Spanish
+grandee, with an old-fashioned French-cut coat, showing the frayed marks
+where the lace had been stripped off, voluminous in the skirts, but very
+tight in the sleeves, which were so short as to leave his large bony
+paws, and six inches of his arm above the wrist, exposed; altogether, it
+fitted him like a purser's shirt on a hand-spike.
+
+"Vy, for von hondred thaler I will land dem safe in Mancheoneal Bay; but
+how shall ve manage, Villiamson? De cabin vas point yesterday."
+
+The Scotch negro nodded. "Never mind; I dare-say the smell of the paint
+won't signify to the gentlemen."
+
+The bargain was ratified; we agreed to pay the stipulated sum, and that
+same evening, having dropped down with the last of the sea-breeze, we
+set sail from Bocca Chica, and began working up under the lee of the
+headland of Punto Canoa. When off the San Domingo Gate, we burned a
+blue-light, which was immediately answered by another in-shore of us. In
+the glare we could perceive two boats, full of men. Any one who has ever
+played at snapdragon, can imagine the unearthly appearance of objects
+when seen by this species of firework. In the present instance it was
+held aloft on a boat-hook, and cast a strong spectral light on the band
+of lawless ruffians, who were so crowded together that they entirely
+filled the boats, no part of which could be seen. It seemed as if two
+clusters of fiends, suddenly vomited forth from hell, were floating on
+the surface of the midnight sea, in the midst of brimstone flames. In a
+few moments our crew was strengthened by about forty as ugly Christians
+as I ever set eyes on. They were of all ages, countries, complexions,
+and tongues, and looked as if they had been kidnapped by a pressgang as
+they had knocked off from the Tower of Babel. From the moment they came
+on board, Captain Vanderbosh was shorn of all his glory, and sank into
+the petty officer while, to our amazement, the Scottish negro took the
+command, evincing great coolness, energy, and skill. He ordered the
+schooner to be wore as soon as we had shipped the men, and laid her head
+off the land, then set all hands to shift the old suit of sails, and to
+bend new ones.
+
+"Why did you not shift your canvas before we started?" said I to the
+Dutch captain, or mate, or whatever he might be.
+
+"Vy vont you be content to take a quiet passage and hax no question?"
+was the uncivil rejoinder, which I felt inclined to resent, until I
+remembered that we were in the hands of the Philistines, where a quarrel
+would have been worse than useless. I was gulping down the insult as
+well as I could, when the black captain came aft, and, with the air of
+an equal, invited us into the cabin to take a glass of grog. We had
+scarcely sat down before we heard a noise like the swaying up of guns,
+or some other heavy articles, from the hold.
+
+I caught Mr. Splinter's eye--he nodded, but said nothing. In half an
+hour afterwards, when we went on deck, we saw by the light of the moon
+twelve eighteen-pound carronades mounted, six of a side, with their
+accompaniments of rammers and sponges, water-buckets, boxes of round,
+grape, and canister, and tubs of wadding, while the coamings of the
+hatchways were thickly studded with round-shot. The tarpaulin and lumber
+forward had disappeared, and there lay long Tom, ready levelled,
+grinning on his pivot.
+
+The ropes were all coiled away, and laid down in regular man-of-war
+fashion; while an ugly gruff beast of a Spanish mulatto, apparently the
+officer of the watch, walked the weatherside of the quarterdeck in the
+true pendulum style. Look-outs were placed aft, and at the gangways and
+bows, who every now and then passed the word to keep a bright look-out,
+while the rest of the watch were stretched silent, but evidently broad
+awake, under the lee of the boat. We noticed that each man had his
+cutlass buckled round his waist--that the boarding-pikes had been cut
+loose from the main boom, round which they had been stopped, and that
+about thirty muskets were ranged along a fixed rack that ran athwart
+ships near the main hatchway.
+
+By the time we had reconnoitred thus far the night became overcast, and
+a thick bank of clouds began to rise to windward; some heavy drops of
+rain fell, and the thunder grumbled at a distance. The black veil crept
+gradually on, until it shrouded the whole firmament, and left us in as
+dark a night as ever poor devils were out in. By-and-by a narrow streak
+of bright moonlight appeared under the lower-edge of the bank, defining
+the dark outlines of the tumbling multitudinous billows on the horizon
+as distinctly as if they had been pasteboard waves in a theater.
+
+"Is that a sail to windward in the clear, think you?" said Mr. Splinter
+to me in a whisper. At this moment it lightened vividly. "I am sure it
+is," continued he--"I could see her white canvas glance just now."
+
+I looked steadily, and at last caught the small dark speck against the
+bright background, rising and falling on the swell of the sea like a
+feather.
+
+As we stood on, she was seen more distinctly, but, to all appearance,
+nobody was aware of her proximity. We were mistaken in this, however,
+for the captain suddenly jumped on a gun, and gave his orders with a
+fiery energy that startled us.
+
+"Leroux!" A small French boy was at his side in a moment. "Forward, and
+call all hands to shorten sail; but, _doucement_, you land-crab!--Man
+the fore clew-garnets.--Hands by the top-gallant clew-lines--jib
+down-haul--rise tacks and sheets--peak and throat haulyards--let
+go--clew up--settle away the main-gaff there!"
+
+In almost as short a space as I have taken to write it, every inch of
+canvas was close furled--every light, except the one in the binnacle,
+and that was cautiously masked, carefully extinguished--a hundred and
+twenty men at quarters, and the ship under bare poles. The head-yards
+were then squared, and we bore up before the wind. The stratagem proved
+successful; the strange sail could be seen through the night-glasses
+cracking on close to the wind, evidently under the impression that we
+had tacked.
+
+"Dere she goes, chasing de Gobel," said the Dutchman.
+
+She now burned a blue-light, by which we saw she was a heavy
+cutter--without doubt our old fellow-cruiser the Spark. The Dutchman had
+come to the same conclusion.
+
+"My eye, captain, no use to dodge from her; it is only dat footy little
+King's cutter on de Jamaica station."
+
+"It is her, true enough," answered Williamson; "and she is from Santa
+Martha with a freight of specie, I know. I will try a brush with her,
+by----"
+
+Splinter struck in before he could finish his irreverent exclamation.
+"If your conjecture be true, I know the craft--a heavy vessel of her
+class, and you may depend on hard knocks, and small profit if you do
+take her; while if she takes you----"
+
+"I'll be hanged if she does"--and he grinned at the conceit--then
+setting his teeth hard, "or rather, I will blow the schooner up with my
+own hand before I strike; better that than have one's bones bleached in
+chains on a key at Port Royal. But you see you cannot control us,
+gentlemen; so get down into the cable-tier, and take Peter Mangrove with
+you. I would not willingly see those come to harm who have trusted me."
+
+However, there was no shot flying as yet, we therefore stayed on deck.
+All sail was once more made; the carronades were cast loose on both
+sides, and double-shotted, the long-gun slewed round, the tack of the
+fore-and-aft foresail hauled up, and we kept by the wind, and stood
+after the cutter, whose white canvas we could still see through the
+gloom like a snow-wreath.
+
+As soon as she saw us, she tacked and stood towards us, and came bowling
+along gallantly, with the water roaring and flashing at her bows. As the
+vessels neared each other they both shortened sail, and finding that we
+could not weather her, we steered close under her lee.
+
+As we crossed on opposite tacks, her commander hailed, "Ho, the
+brigantine, ahoy!"
+
+"Hillo!" sung out Blackie, as he backed his main-top-sail.
+
+"What schooner is that?"
+
+"The Spanish schooner Caridad."
+
+"Whence, and whither bound?"
+
+"Carthagena to Porto Rico."
+
+"Heave-to, and send your boat on board."
+
+"We have none that will swim, sir."
+
+"Very well, bring-to, and I will send mine."
+
+"Call away the boarders," said our captain, in a low stern tone; "let
+them crouch out of sight behind the boat."
+
+The cutter wore, and hove-to under our lee quarter, within pistol-shot;
+we heard the rattle of the ropes running through the davit-blocks, and
+the splash of the jolly-boat touching the water, then the measured
+stroke of the oars, as they glanced like silver in the sparkling sea,
+and a voice calling out, "Give way, my lads."
+
+The character of the vessel we were on board of was now evident; and the
+bitter reflection that we were chained to the stake on board of a
+pirate, on the eve of a fierce contest with one of our own cruisers, was
+aggravated by the consideration, that the cutter had fallen into a snare
+by which a whole boat's crew would be sacrificed before a shot was
+fired.
+
+I watched my opportunity as she pulled up alongside, and called out,
+leaning well over the nettings, "Get back to your ship!--treachery! get
+back to your ship!"
+
+The little French serpent was at my side with the speed of thought, his
+long clear knife glancing in one hand, while the fingers of the other
+were laid on his lips. He could not have said more plainly, "Hold your
+tongue, or I'll cut your throat;" but Sneezer now startled him by
+rushing between us, and giving a short angry growl.
+
+The officer in the boat had heard me imperfectly; he rose up--"I won't
+go back, my good man, until I see what you are made of;" and as he spoke
+he sprang on board, but the instant he got over the bulwarks, he was
+caught by two strong hands, gagged, and thrown bodily down the
+main-hatchway.
+
+"Heave," cried a voice, "and with a will!" and four cold 32-pound shot
+were hove at once into the boat alongside, which, crashing through her
+bottom, swamped her in a moment, precipitating the miserable crew into
+the boiling sea. Their shrieks still ring in my ears as they clung to
+the oars and some loose planks of the boat.
+
+"Bring up the officer, and take out the gag," said Williamson.
+
+Poor Walcolm, who had been an old messmate of mine, was now dragged to
+the gangway half-naked, his face bleeding, and heavily ironed, when the
+blackamoor, clapping a pistol to his head, bid him, as he feared
+instant death, hail "that the boat had swamped under the counter, and to
+send another." The poor fellow, who appeared stunned and confused, did
+so, but without seeming to know what he said.
+
+"Good God," said Mr. Splinter, "don't you mean to pick up the boat's
+crew?"
+
+The blood curdled to my heart, as the black savage answered in a voice
+of thunder, "Let them drown and be d----d! Fill, and stand on!"
+
+But the clouds by this time broke away, and the mild moon shone clear
+and bright once more upon this scene of most atrocious villainy. By her
+light the cutter's people could see that there was no one struggling in
+the water now, and that the people must either have been saved, or were
+past all earthly aid; but the infamous deception was not entirely at an
+end.
+
+The captain of the cutter, seeing we were making sail, did the same, and
+after having shot ahead of us, hailed once more.
+
+"Mr. Walcolm, why don't you run to leeward, and heave-to, sir?"
+
+"Answer him instantly, and hail again for another boat," said the sable
+fiend, and cocked his pistol.
+
+The click went to my heart. The young midship-man turned his pale mild
+countenance, laced with his blood, upwards towards the moon and stars,
+as one who had looked his last look on earth; the large tears were
+flowing down his cheeks, and mingling with the crimson streaks, and a
+flood of silver light fell on the fine features of the poor boy, as he
+said firmly, "Never." The miscreant fired, and he fell dead.
+
+"Up with the helm, and wear across her stern." The order was obeyed.
+"Fire!" The whole broadside was poured in, and we could hear the shot
+rattle and tear along the cutter's deck, and the shrieks and groans of
+the wounded, while the white splinters glanced away in all directions.
+
+We now ranged alongside, and close action commenced, and never do I
+expect to see such an infernal scene again. Up to this moment there had
+been neither confusion nor noise on board the pirate--all had been
+coolness and order; but when the yards locked the crew broke loose from
+all control--they ceased to be men--they were demons, for they threw
+their own dead and wounded, as they were mown down like grass by the
+cutter's grape, indiscriminately down the hatchways to get clear of
+them. They had stripped themselves almost naked; and although they
+fought with the most desperate courage, yelling and cursing, each in his
+own tongue, most hideously, yet their very numbers, pent up in a small
+vessel, were against them. At length, amidst the fire and smoke and
+hellish uproar, we could see that the deck had become a very shambles;
+and unless they soon carried the cutter by boarding, it was clear that
+the coolness and discipline of my own glorious service must prevail,
+even against such fearful odds; the superior size of the vessel,
+greater number of guns, and heavier metal. The pirates seemed aware of
+this themselves, for they now made a desperate attempt forward to carry
+their antagonist by boarding, led on by the black captain. Just at this
+moment the cutter's main-boom fell across the schooner's deck, close to
+where we were sheltering ourselves from the shot the best way we could;
+and while the rush forward was being made, by a sudden impulse Splinter
+and I, followed by Peter and the dog (who with wonderful sagacity,
+seeing the uselessness of resistance, had cowered quietly by my side
+during the whole row), scrambled along it as the cutter's people were
+repelling the attack on her bow, and all four of us, in our haste,
+jumped down on the poor Irishman at the wheel.
+
+"Murder, fire, rape, and robbery!--it is capsized, stove in, sunk,
+burned, and destroyed I am! Captain, captain, we are carried aft
+here--Och, hubbaboo for Patrick Donnally!"
+
+There was no time to be lost; if any of the crew came aft we were dead
+men, so we tumbled down through the cabin skylight, men and beast, the
+hatch having been knocked off by a shot, and stowed ourselves away in
+the side berths. The noise on deck soon ceased--the cannon were again
+plied--gradually the fire slackened, and we could hear that the pirate
+had scraped clear and escaped. Some time after this the lieutenant
+commanding the cutter came down. Poor Mr. Douglas! both Mr. Splinter
+and I knew him well. He sat down and covered his face with his hands,
+while the blood oozed down between his fingers. He had received a
+cutlass wound on the head in the attack. His right arm was bound up with
+his neckcloth, and he was very pale.
+
+"Steward, bring me a light.--Ask the doctor how many are killed and
+wounded; and--do you hear?--tell him to come to me when he is done
+forward, but not a moment sooner. To have been so mauled and duped by a
+buccaneer; and my poor boat's crew----"
+
+Splinter groaned. He started--but at this moment the man returned again.
+
+"Thirteen killed, your honor, and fifteen wounded; scarcely one of us
+untouched." The poor fellow's own skull was bound round with a bloody
+cloth.
+
+"God help me! Gold help me! but they have died the death of men. Who
+knows what death the poor fellows in the boat have died!"--Here he was
+cut short by a tremendous scuffle on the ladder, down which an old
+quartermaster was trundled neck and crop into the cabin. "How now,
+Jones?"
+
+"Please your honor," said the man, as soon as he had gathered himself
+up, and had time to turn his quid and smooth down his hair; but again
+the uproar was renewed, and Donnally was lugged in, scrambling and
+struggling between two seamen--"this here Irish chap, your honor, has
+lost his wits, if so be he ever had any, your honor. He has gone mad
+through fright."
+
+"Fright be d----d!" roared Donnally; "no man ever frightened me; but as
+his honor was skewering them bloody thieves forward, I was boarded and
+carried aft by the devil, your honor--pooped by Beelzebub, by ----," and
+he rapped his fist on the table until everything on it danced again.
+"There were four of them, yeer honor--a black one and two blue ones--and
+a pie-bald one, with four legs and a bushy tail--each with two horns on
+his head, for all the world like those on Father M'Cleary's red cow--no,
+she was humbled--it is Father Clannachan's, I mane--no, not his neither,
+for his was the parish bull; fait, I don't know what I mane, except that
+they had all horns on their heads, and vomited fire, and had each of
+them a tail at his stern, twisting and twining like a conger eel, with a
+blue light at the end on't."
+
+"And dat's a lie, if ever dere was one," exclaimed Peter Mangrove,
+jumping from the berth. "Look at me, you Irish tief, and tell me if I
+have a blue light or a conger eel at my stern!"
+
+This was too much for poor Donnally. He yelled out, "You'll believe your
+own eyes now, yeer honor, when you see one o' dem bodily before you! Let
+me go--let me go!" and, rushing up the ladder, he would, in all
+probability, have ended his earthly career in the salt sea, had his
+bullet-head not encountered the broadest part of the purser, who was in
+the act of descending, with such violence, that he shot him out of the
+companion several feet above the deck, as if he had been discharged from
+a culverin; but the recoil sent poor Donnally, stunned and senseless, to
+the bottom of the ladder. There was no standing all this; we laughed
+outright, and made ourselves known to Mr. Douglas, who received us
+cordially, and in a week we were landed at Port Royal.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] From _Tom Cringle's Log_.
+
+
+
+
+THE CAPTURE OF PANAMA, 1671[2]
+
+JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Captain Morgan set forth from the castle of Chagre, towards Panama,
+August 18, 1670. He had with him twelve hundred men, five boats laden
+with artillery, and thirty-two canoes. The first day they sailed only
+six leagues, and came to a place called De los Bracos. Here a party of
+his men went ashore, only to sleep and stretch their limbs, being almost
+crippled with lying too much crowded in the boats. Having rested awhile,
+they went abroad to seek victuals in the neighboring plantations; but
+they could find none, the Spaniards being fled, and carrying with them
+all they had. This day, being the first of their journey, they had such
+scarcity of victuals, as the greatest part were forced to pass with only
+a pipe of tobacco, without any other refreshment.
+
+Next day, about evening, they came to a place called Cruz de Juan
+Gallego. Here they were compelled to leave their boats and canoes, the
+river being very dry for want of rain, and many trees having fallen into
+it.
+
+The guides told them, that, about two leagues farther, the country
+would be very good to continue the journey by land. Hereupon they left
+one hundred and sixty men on board the boats, to defend them, that they
+might serve for a refuge in necessity.
+
+Next morning, being the third day, they all went ashore, except those
+who were to keep the boats. To these Captain Morgan gave order, under
+great penalties, that no man, on any pretext whatever, should dare to
+leave the boats, and go ashore; fearing lest they should be surprised by
+an ambuscade of Spaniards in the neighboring woods, which appeared so
+thick as to seem almost impenetrable. This morning beginning their
+march, the ways proved so bad, that Captain Morgan thought it more
+convenient to transport some of the men in canoes (though with great
+labor) to a place farther up the river, called Cedro Bueno. Thus they
+reëmbarked, and the canoes returned for the rest; so that about night
+they got altogether at the said place. The pirates much desired to meet
+some Spaniards or Indians, hoping to fill their bellies with their
+provisions, being reduced to extremity and hunger.
+
+The fourth day the greatest part of the pirates marched by land, being
+led by one of the guides; the rest went by water farther up, being
+conducted by another guide, who always went before them, to discover, on
+both sides of the river, the ambuscades. These had also spies, who were
+very dextrous to give notice of all accidents, or of the arrival of the
+pirates, six hours, at least, before they came. This day, about noon,
+they came near a post called Torna Cavallos: here the guide of the
+canoes cried out, that he perceived an ambuscade. His voice caused
+infinite joy to all the pirates, hoping to find some provisions to
+satiate their extreme hunger. Being come to the place, they found nobody
+in it, the Spaniards being fled, and leaving nothing behind but a few
+leathern bags, all empty, and a few crumbs of bread scattered on the
+ground where they had eaten. Being angry at this, they pulled down a few
+little huts which the Spaniards had made, and fell to eating the
+leathern bags, to allay the ferment of their stomachs, which was now so
+sharp as to gnaw their very bowels. Thus they made a huge banquet upon
+these bags of leather, divers quarrels arising concerning the greatest
+shares. By the bigness of the place, they conjectured about five hundred
+Spaniards had been there, whom, finding no victuals, they were now
+infinitely desirous to meet, intending to devour some of them rather
+than perish.
+
+Having feasted themselves with those pieces of leather, they marched on,
+till they came about night to another post, called Torna Munni. Here
+they found another ambuscade, but as barren as the former. They searched
+the neighboring woods, but could not find anything to eat, the Spaniards
+having been so provident, as not to leave anywhere the least crumb of
+sustenance, whereby the pirates were now brought to this extremity.
+Here again he was happy that he had reserved since noon any bit of
+leather to make his supper of, drinking after it a good draught of water
+for his comfort. Some, who never were out of their mothers' kitchens,
+may ask, how these pirates could eat and digest those pieces of leather,
+so hard and dry? Whom I answer, that, could they once experiment what
+hunger, or rather famine, is, they would find the way as the pirates
+did. For these first sliced it in pieces, then they beat it between two
+stones, and rubbed it, often dipping it in water, to make it supple and
+tender. Lastly, they scraped off the hair, and broiled it. Being thus
+cooked, they cut it into small morsels, and ate it, helping it down with
+frequent gulps of water, which, by good fortune, they had at hand.
+
+The fifth day, about noon, they came to a place called Barbacoa. Here
+they found traces of another ambuscade, but the place totally as
+unprovided as the former. At a small distance were several plantations,
+which they searched very narrowly, but could not find any person,
+animal, or other thing, to relieve their extreme hunger. Finally, having
+ranged about, and searched a long time, they found a grot, which seemed
+to be but lately hewn out of a rock, where were two sacks of meal,
+wheat, and like things, with two great jars of wine, and certain fruits
+called platanoes. Captain Morgan, knowing some of his men were now
+almost dead with hunger, and fearing the same of the rest, caused what
+was found to be distributed among them who were in greatest necessity.
+Having refreshed themselves with these victuals, they marched anew with
+greater courage then ever. Such as were weak were put into the canoes,
+and those commanded to land that were in them before. Thus they
+prosecuted their journey till late at night; when coming to a
+plantation, they took up their rest, but without eating anything; for
+the Spaniards, as before, had swept away all manner of provisions.
+
+The sixth day they continued their march, part by land and part by
+water. Howbeit, they were constrained to rest very frequently, both for
+the ruggedness of the way, and their extreme weakness, which they
+endeavored to relieve by eating leaves of trees and green herbs, or
+grass; such was their miserable condition. This day at noon they arrived
+at a plantation, where was a barn full of maize. Immediately they beat
+down the doors and ate it dry, as much as they could devour; then they
+distributed a great quantity, giving every man a good allowance. Thus
+provided, and prosecuting their journey for about an hour, they came to
+another ambuscade. This they no sooner discovered, but they threw away
+their maize, with the sudden hopes of finding all things in abundance.
+But they were much deceived, meeting neither Indians nor victuals, nor
+anything else: but they saw, on the other side of the river, about a
+hundred Indians, who, all fleeing, escaped. Some few pirates leaped
+into the river to cross it, and try to take any of the Indians, but in
+vain: for, being much more nimble than the pirates, they not only
+baffled them, but killed two or three with their arrows; hooting at
+them, and crying, "Ha, perros! a la savana, a la savana."--"Ha, ye dogs!
+go to the plain, go to the plain."
+
+This day they could advance no farther, being necessitated to pass the
+river, to continue their march on the other side. Hereupon they reposed
+for that night, though their sleep was not profound; for great
+murmurings were made at Captain Morgan, and his conduct; some being
+desirous to return home, while others would rather die there than go
+back a step from their undertaking: others, who had greater courage,
+laughed and joked at their discourses. Meanwhile, they had a guide who
+much comforted them, saying, "It would not now be long before they met
+with people from whom they should reap some considerable advantage."
+
+The seventh day, in the morning, they made clean their arms, and every
+one discharged his pistol, or musket, without bullet, to try their
+firelocks. This done, they crossed the river, leaving the post where
+they had rested, called Santa Cruz, and at noon they arrived at a
+village called Cruz. Being yet far from the place, they perceived much
+smoke from the chimneys: the sight hereof gave them great joy, and hopes
+of finding people and plenty of good cheer. Thus they went on as fast as
+they could, encouraging one another, saying, "There is smoke comes out
+of every house: they are making good fires, to roast and boil what we
+are to eat;" and the like.
+
+At length they arrived there, all sweating and panting, but found no
+person in the town, nor anything eatable to refresh themselves, except
+good fires, which they wanted not; for the Spaniards, before their
+departure, had every one set fire to his own house, except the king's
+storehouses and stables.
+
+They had not left behind them any beast, alive or dead, which much
+troubled their pursuers, not finding anything but a few cats and dogs,
+which they immediately killed and devoured. At last, in the king's
+stables, they found, by good fortune, fifteen or sixteen jars of Peru
+wine, and a leathern sack full of bread. No sooner had they drank of
+this wine, when they fell sick, almost every man: this made them think
+the wine was poisoned, which caused a new consternation in the whole
+camp, judging themselves now to be irrecoverably lost. But the true
+reason was, their want of sustenance, and the manifold sorts of trash
+they had eaten. Their sickness was so great, as caused them to remain
+there till the next morning, without being able to prosecute their
+journey in the afternoon. This village is seated in 9 deg. 2 min. north
+latitude, distant from the river Chagre twenty-six Spanish leagues, and
+eight from Panama. This is the last place to which boats or canoes can
+come; for which reason they built here storehouses for all sorts of
+merchandise, which to and from Panama are transported on the backs of
+mules.
+
+Here Captain Morgan was forced to leave his canoes, and land all his
+men, though never so weak; but lest the canoes should be surprised, or
+take up too many men for their defense, he sent them all back to the
+place where the boats were, except one, which he hid, that it might
+serve to carry intelligence. Many of the Spaniards and Indians of this
+village having fled to the near plantations, Captain Morgan ordered that
+none should go out of the village, except companies of one hundred
+together, fearing lest the enemy should take an advantage upon his men.
+Notwithstanding, one party contravened these orders, being tempted with
+the desire of victuals: but they were soon glad to fly into the town
+again, being assaulted with great fury by some Spaniards and Indians,
+who carried one of them away prisoner. Thus the vigilancy and care of
+Captain Morgan was not sufficient to prevent every accident.
+
+The eighth day in the morning Captain Morgan sent two hundred men before
+the body of his army, to discover the way to Panama, and any ambuscades
+therein: the path being so narrow, that only ten or twelve persons could
+march abreast, and often not so many. After ten hours' march they came
+to a place called Quebrada Obscura: here, all on a sudden, three or four
+thousand arrows were shot at them, they not perceiving whence they
+came, or who shot them: though they presumed it was from a high rocky
+mountain, from one side to the other, whereon was a grot, capable of but
+one horse or other beast laded. This multitude of arrows much alarmed
+the pirates, especially because they could not discover whence they were
+discharged. At last, seeing no more arrows, they marched a little
+farther, and entered a wood: here they perceived some Indians to fly as
+fast as they could, to take the advantage of another post, thence to
+observe their march; yet there remained one troop of Indians on the
+place, resolved to fight and defend themselves, which they did with
+great courage till their captain fell down wounded; who, though he
+despaired of life, yet his valor being greater than his strength, would
+ask no quarter, but, endeavoring to raise himself, with undaunted mind
+laid hold of his azagayo, or javelin, and struck at one of the pirates;
+but before he could second the blow, he was shot to death. This was also
+the fate of many of his companions, who, like good soldiers, lost their
+lives with their captain, for the defense of their country.
+
+The pirates endeavored to take some of the Indians prisoners, but they
+being swifter than the pirates, every one escaped, leaving eight pirates
+dead, and ten wounded: yea, had the Indians been more dextrous in
+military affairs, they might have defended the passage, and not let one
+man pass. A little while after they came to a large champaign, open,
+and full of fine meadows; hence they could perceive at a distance before
+them some Indians, on the top of a mountain, near the way by which they
+were to pass: they sent fifty men, the nimblest they had, to try to
+catch any of them, and force them to discover their companions: but all
+in vain; for they escaped by their nimbleness, and presently showed
+themselves in another place, hallooing to the English and crying, "A la
+savana, a la savana, perros Ingleses!" that is, "To the plain, to the
+plain, ye English dogs!" Meanwhile the ten pirates that were wounded
+were dressed, and plastered up.
+
+Here was a wood, and on each side a mountain. The Indians possessed
+themselves of one, and the pirates of the other. Captain Morgan was
+persuaded the Spaniards had placed an ambuscade there, it lying so
+conveniently; hereupon, he sent two hundred men to search it. The
+Spaniards and Indians perceiving the pirates descended the mountain, did
+so too, as if they designed to attack them; but being got into the wood,
+out of sight of the pirates, they were seen no more, leaving the passage
+open.
+
+About night fell a great rain, which caused the pirates to march the
+faster, and seek for houses to preserve their arms from being wet; but
+the Indians had set fire to every one, and driven away all their cattle,
+that the pirates, finding neither houses nor victuals, might be
+constrained to return: but, after diligent search, they found a few
+shepherds' huts, but in them nothing to eat. These not holding many
+men, they placed in them, out of every company, a small number, who kept
+the arms of the rest: those who remained in the open field endured much
+hardship that night, the rain not ceasing till morning.
+
+Next morning, about the break of day, being the ninth of that tedious
+journey, Captain Morgan marched on while the fresh air of the morning
+lasted; for the clouds hanging yet over their heads, were much more
+favorable than the scorching rays of the sun, the way being now more
+difficult than before. After two hours' march, they discovered about
+twenty Spaniards, who observed their motions: they endeavored to catch
+some of them, but could not, they suddenly disappearing, and absconding
+themselves in caves among the rocks unknown to the pirates. At last,
+ascending a high mountain, they discovered the South Sea. This happy
+sight, as if it were the end of their labors, caused infinite joy among
+them: hence they could descry also one ship, and six boats, which were
+set forth from Panama, and sailed towards the islands of Tavoga and
+Tavogilla: then they came to a vale where they found much cattle,
+whereof they killed good store: here, while some killed and flayed cows,
+horses, bulls, and chiefly asses, of which there were most; others
+kindled fires, and got wood to roast them: then cutting the flesh into
+convenient pieces, or gobbets, they threw them into the fire, and, half
+carbonadoed or roasted, they devoured them, with incredible haste and
+appetite. Such was their hunger, that they more resembled cannibals than
+Europeans; the blood many times running down from their beards to their
+waists.
+
+Having satisfied their hunger, Captain Morgan ordered them to continue
+the march. Here, again, he sent before the main body fifty men to take
+some prisoners, if they could; for he was much concerned, that in nine
+days he could not meet one person to inform him of the condition and
+forces of the Spaniards. About evening they discovered about two hundred
+Spaniards, who hallooed to the pirates, but they understood not what
+they said. A little while after they came in sight of the highest
+steeple of Panama: this they no sooner discovered but they showed signs
+of extreme joy, casting up their hats into the air, leaping and
+shouting, just as if they had already obtained the victory, and
+accomplished their designs. All their trumpets sounded, and drums beat,
+in token of this alacrity of their minds. Thus they pitched their camp
+for that night, with general content of the whole army, waiting with
+impatience for the morning, when they intended to attack the city. This
+evening appeared fifty horses, who came out of the city, on the noise of
+the drums and trumpets, to observe, as it was thought, their motions:
+they came almost within musket-shot of the army, with a trumpet that
+sounded marvelously well. Those on horseback hallooed aloud to the
+pirates, and threatened them, saying, "Perros! nos veremos," that is,
+"Ye dogs! we shall meet ye." Having made this menace, they returned to
+the city, except only seven or eight horsemen, who hovered thereabouts
+to watch their motions. Immediately after the city fired, and ceased not
+to play their biggest guns all night long against the camp, but with
+little or no harm to the pirates, whom they could not easily reach. Now
+also the two hundred Spaniards, whom the pirates had seen in the
+afternoon, appeared again, making a show of blocking up the passages,
+that no pirates might escape their hands: but the pirates, though in a
+manner besieged, instead of fearing their blockades, as soon as they had
+placed sentinels about their camp, opened their satchels, and, without
+any napkins or plates, fell to eating, very heartily, the pieces of
+bulls' and horses' flesh which they had reserved since noon. This done,
+they laid themselves down to sleep on the grass, with great repose and
+satisfaction, expecting only, with impatience, the dawning of the next
+day.
+
+The tenth day, betimes in the morning, they put all their men in order,
+and, with drums and trumpets sounding, marched directly towards the
+city; but one of the guides desired Captain Morgan not to take the
+common highway, lest they should find in it many ambuscades. He took his
+advice, and chose another way through the wood, though very irksome and
+difficult. The Spaniards perceiving the pirates had taken another way
+they scarce had thought on, were compelled to leave their stops and
+batteries, and come out to meet them. The governor of Panama put his
+forces in order, consisting of two squadrons, four regiments of foot,
+and a huge number of wild bulls, which were driven by a great number of
+Indians, with some negroes, and others, to help them.
+
+The pirates, now upon their march, came to the top of a little hill,
+whence they had a large prospect of the city and champaign country
+underneath. Here they discovered the forces of the people of Panama, in
+battle array, to be so numerous, that they were surprised with fear,
+much doubting the fortune of the day: yea, few or none there were but
+wished themselves at home, or at least free from obligation of that
+engagement, it so nearly concerning their lives. Having been some time
+wavering in their minds, they at last reflected on the straits they had
+brought themselves into, and that now they must either fight resolutely,
+or die; for no quarter could be expected from an enemy on whom they had
+committed so many cruelties. Hereupon they encouraged one another,
+resolving to conquer, or spend the last drop of blood. Then they divided
+themselves into three battalions, sending before two hundred buccaneers,
+who were very dextrous at their guns. Then descending the hill, they
+marched directly towards the Spaniards, who in a spacious field waited
+for their coming. As soon as they drew nigh, the Spaniards began to
+shout and cry, "Viva el rey!" "God save the king!" and immediately their
+horse moved against the pirates: but the fields being full of quags, and
+soft under-foot, they could not wheel about as they desired. The two
+hundred buccaneers, who went before, each putting one knee to the
+ground, began to battle briskly, with a full volley of shot: the
+Spaniards defended themselves courageously, doing all they could to
+disorder the pirates. Their foot endeavored to second the horse, but
+were forced by the fire of the pirates to retreat. Finding themselves
+baffled, they attempted to drive the bulls against them behind, to put
+them into disorder; but the wild cattle ran away, frighted with the
+noise of the battle. Only some few broke through the English companies,
+and only tore the colors in pieces, while the buccaneers shot every one
+of them dead.
+
+The battle having continued two hours, the greatest part of the Spanish
+horse was ruined, and almost all killed: the rest fled, which the foot
+seeing, and that they could not possibly prevail, they discharged the
+shot they had in their muskets, and throwing them down, fled away, every
+one as he could. The pirates could not follow them, being too much
+harassed and wearied with their long journey. Many, not being able to
+fly whither they desired, hid themselves, for that present, among the
+shrubs of the sea-side, but very unfortunately; for most of them being
+found by the pirates, were instantly killed, without any quarter. Some
+religious men were brought prisoners before Captain Morgan; but he,
+being deaf to their cries, commanded them all to be pistoled, which was
+done. Soon after they brought a captain to him, whom he examined very
+strictly; particularly, wherein consisted the forces of those of Panama?
+He answered, their whole strength consisted in four hundred horse,
+twenty-four companies of foot, each one hundred men complete; sixty
+Indians, and some negroes, who were to drive two thousand wild bulls
+upon the English, and thus, by breaking their files, put them into a
+total disorder: beside, that in the city they had made trenches, and
+raised batteries in several places, in all which they had placed many
+guns; and that at the entry of the highway, leading to the city, they
+had built a fort mounted with eight great brass guns, defended by fifty
+men.
+
+Captain Morgan having heard this, gave orders instantly to march another
+way; but first he made a review of his men, whereof he found both killed
+and wounded a considerable number, and much greater than had been
+believed. Of the Spaniards were found six hundred dead on the place,
+besides the wounded and prisoners. The pirates, nothing discouraged,
+seeing their number so diminished, but rather filled with greater pride,
+perceiving what huge advantage they had obtained against their enemies,
+having rested some time, prepared to march courageously towards the
+city, plighting their oaths to one another, that they would fight till
+not a man was left alive. With this courage they recommenced their
+march, either to conquer or be conquered; carrying with them all the
+prisoners.
+
+They found much difficulty in their approach to the city, for within the
+town the Spaniards had placed many great guns, at several quarters, some
+charged with small pieces of iron, and others with musket bullets. With
+all these they saluted the pirates at their approaching, and gave them
+full and frequent broadsides, firing at them incessantly; so that
+unavoidably they lost at every step great numbers of men. But not these
+manifest dangers of their lives, nor the sight of so many as dropped
+continually at their sides, could deter them from advancing, and gaining
+ground every moment on the enemy; and though the Spaniards never ceased
+to fire, and act the best they could for their defense, yet they were
+forced to yield, after three hours' combat. And the pirates having
+possessed themselves at last of the city, killed all that attempted in
+the least to oppose them. The inhabitants had transported the best of
+their goods to more remote and secret places; howbeit, they found in the
+city several warehouses well stocked with merchandise, as well silks and
+cloths, as linen and other things of value. As soon as the first fury of
+their entrance was over, Captain Morgan assembled his men, and commanded
+them, under great penalties, not to drink or taste any wine; and the
+reason he gave for it was, because he had intelligence that it was all
+poisoned by the Spaniards. Howbeit, it was thought he gave these prudent
+orders to prevent the debauchery of his people, which he foresaw would
+be very great at the first, after so much hunger sustained by the way;
+fearing, withal, lest the Spaniards, seeing them in wine, should rally,
+and, falling on the city, use them as inhumanly as they had used the
+inhabitants before.
+
+Captain Morgan, as soon as he had placed necessary guards at several
+quarters within and without the city, commanded twenty-five men to seize
+a great boat, which had stuck in the mud of the port, for want of water,
+at a low tide. The same day about noon, he caused fire privately to be
+set to several great edifices of the city, nobody knowing who were the
+authors thereof, much less on what motives Captain Morgan did it, which
+are unknown to this day: the fire increased so, that before night the
+greatest part of the city was in a flame. Captain Morgan pretended the
+Spaniards had done it, perceiving that his own people reflected on him
+for that action. Many of the Spaniards, and some of the pirates, did
+what they could, either to quench the flames or by blowing up houses
+with gunpowder, and pulling down others to stop it, but in vain: for in
+less than half an hour it consumed a whole street. All the houses of the
+city were built with cedar, very curious and magnificent, and richly
+adorned, especially with hangings and paintings, whereof part were
+before removed, but another great part were consumed by fire.
+
+There were in this city (which is the see of a bishop) eight
+monasteries, seven for men, and one for women; two stately churches, and
+one hospital. The churches and monasteries were all richly adorned with
+altar-pieces and paintings, much gold and silver, and other precious
+things, all which the ecclesiastics had hidden. Besides which, here were
+two thousand houses of magnificent building, the greatest part inhabited
+by merchants vastly rich. For the rest of less quality, and tradesmen,
+this city contained five thousand more. Here were also many stables for
+the horses and mules that carry the plate of the king of Spain, as well
+as private men, towards the North Sea. The neighboring fields were full
+of fertile plantations and pleasant gardens, affording delicious
+prospects to the inhabitants all the year.
+
+The Genoese had in this city a stately house for their trade of negroes.
+This likewise was by Captain Morgan burnt to the very ground. Besides
+which building, there were consumed two hundred warehouses, and many
+slaves, who had hid themselves therein, with innumerable sacks of meal;
+the fire of which continued four weeks after it had begun. The greatest
+part of the pirates still encamped without the city, fearing and
+expecting the Spaniards would come and fight them anew, it being known
+they much outnumbered the pirates. This made them keep the field, to
+preserve their forces united, now much diminished by their losses. Their
+wounded, which were many, they put into one church, which remained
+standing, the rest being consumed by the fire. Besides these decreases
+of his men, Captain Morgan had sent a convoy of one hundred and fifty
+men to the castle of Chagre, to carry the news of his victory at Panama.
+
+They saw often whole troops of Spaniards run to and fro in the fields,
+which made them suspect their rallying, which they never had the courage
+to do. In the afternoon Captain Morgan reëntered the city with his
+troops, that every one might take up their lodgings, which now they
+could hardly find, few houses having escaped the fire. Then they sought
+very carefully among the ruins and ashes, for utensils of plate or gold,
+that were not quite wasted by the flames: and of such they found no
+small number, especially in wells and cisterns, where the Spaniards had
+hid them.
+
+Next day Captain Morgan dispatched away two troops, of one hundred and
+fifty men each, stout and well armed, to seek for the inhabitants who
+were escaped. These having made several excursions up and down the
+fields, woods, and mountains adjacent, returned after two days, bringing
+above two hundred prisoners, men, women, and slaves. The same day
+returned also the boat which Captain Morgan had sent to the South Sea,
+bringing three other boats which they had taken. But all these prizes
+they could willingly have given, and greater labor into the bargain, for
+one galleon, which miraculously escaped, richly laden with all the
+king's plate, jewels, and other precious goods of the best and richest
+merchants of Panama: on board which were also the religious women of the
+nunnery, who had embarked with them all the ornaments of their church,
+consisting in much gold, plate, and other things of great value.
+
+The strength of this galleon was inconsiderable, having only seven guns,
+and ten or twelve muskets, and very ill provided with victuals,
+necessaries, and fresh water, having no more sails than the uppermost of
+the mainmast. This account the pirates received from some one who had
+spoken with seven mariners belonging to the galleon, who came ashore in
+the cockboat for fresh water. Hence they concluded they might easily
+have taken it, had they given her chase, as they should have done; but
+they were impeded from following this vastly rich prize, by their
+gluttony and drunkenness, having plentifully debauched themselves with
+several rich wines they found ready, choosing rather to satiate their
+appetites than to lay hold on such huge advantage; since this one prize
+would have been of far greater value than all they got at Panama, and
+the places thereabout. Next day, repenting of their negligence, being
+weary of their vices and debaucheries, they set forth another boat, well
+armed, to pursue with all speed the said galleon; but in vain, the
+Spaniards who were on board having had intelligence of their own danger
+one or two days before, while the pirates were cruising so near them;
+whereupon they fled to places more remote and unknown.
+
+The pirates found, in the ports of the island of Tavoga and Tavogilla,
+several boats laden with very good merchandise; all which they took, and
+brought to Panama, where they made an exact relation of all that had
+passed to Captain Morgan. The prisoners confirmed what the pirates said,
+adding, that they undoubtedly knew where the galleon might then be, but
+that it was very probable they had been relieved before now from other
+places. This stirred up Captain Morgan anew, to send forth all the boats
+in the port of Panama to seek the said galleon till they could find her.
+These boats, being in all four, after eight days' cruising to and fro,
+and searching several ports and creeks, lost all hopes of finding her,
+whereupon they returned to Tavoga and Tavogilla. Here they found a
+reasonable good ship newly come from Payta, laden with cloth, soap,
+sugar, and biscuit, with 20,000 pieces-of-eight. This they instantly
+seized, without the least resistance; as also a boat which was not far
+off, on which they laded great part of the merchandises from the ship,
+with some slaves. With this spoil they returned to Panama, somewhat
+better satisfied; yet, withal, much discontented that they could not
+meet with the galleon.
+
+The convoy which Captain Morgan had sent to the castle of Chagre
+returned much about the same time, bringing with them very good news;
+for while Captain Morgan was on his journey to Panama, those he had left
+in the castle of Chagre had sent for two boats to cruise. These met with
+a Spanish ship, which they chased within sight of the castle. This being
+perceived by the pirates in the castle, they put forth Spanish colors,
+to deceive the ship that fled before the boats; and the poor Spaniards,
+thinking to take refuge under the castle, were caught in a snare, and
+made prisoners. The cargo on board the said vessel consisted in victuals
+and provisions, than which nothing could be more opportune for the
+castle, where they began already to want things of this kind.
+
+This good luck of those of Chagre caused Captain Morgan to stay longer
+at Panama, ordering several new excursions into the country round about;
+and while the pirates at Panama were upon these expeditions, those at
+Chagre were busy in piracies on the North Sea. Captain Morgan sent
+forth, daily, parties of two hundred men, to make inroads into all the
+country round about; and when one party came back, another went forth,
+who soon gathered much riches, and many prisoners. These being brought
+into the city, were put to the most exquisite tortures, to make them
+confess both other people's goods and their own. Here it happened that
+one poor wretch was found in the house of a person of quality, who had
+put on, amidst the confusion, a pair of taffety breeches of his
+master's, with a little silver key hanging out; perceiving which, they
+asked him for the cabinet of the said key. His answer was, he knew not
+what was become of it, but that finding those breeches in his master's
+house, he had made bold to wear them. Not being able to get any other
+answer, they put him on the rack, and inhumanly disjointed his arms;
+then they twisted a cord about his forehead, which they wrung so hard
+that his eyes appeared as big as eggs, and were ready to fall out. But
+with these torments not obtaining any positive answer, they hung him up
+by the wrists, giving him many blows and stripes under that intolerable
+pain and posture of body. Afterwards they cut off his nose and ears, and
+singed his face with burning straw, till he could not speak, nor lament
+his misery any longer: then, losing all hopes of any confession, they
+bade a negro to run him through, which put an end to his life, and to
+their inhuman tortures. Thus did many others of those miserable
+prisoners finish their days, the common sport and recreation of these
+pirates being such tragedies.
+
+Captain Morgan having now been at Panama full three weeks, commanded all
+things to be prepared for his departure. He ordered every company of men
+to seek so many beasts of carriage as might convey the spoil to the
+river where his canoes lay. About this time there was a great rumor,
+that a considerable number of pirates intended to leave Captain Morgan;
+and that, taking a ship then in port, they determined to go and rob on
+the South Sea, till they had got as much as they thought fit, and then
+return homewards, by way of the East Indies. For which purpose they had
+gathered much provisions, which they had hid in private places, with
+sufficient powder, bullets, and all other ammunition: likewise some
+great guns belonging to the town, muskets, and other things, wherewith
+they designed not only to equip their vessel, but to fortify themselves
+in some island which might serve them for a place of refuge.
+
+This design had certainly taken effect, had not Captain Morgan had
+timely advice of it from one of their comrades; hereupon he commanded
+the mainmast of the said ship to be cut down and burnt, with all the
+other boats in the port: hereby the intentions of all or most of his
+companions were totally frustrated. Then Captain Morgan sent many of the
+Spaniards into the adjoining fields and country to seek for money, to
+ransom not only themselves, but the rest of the prisoners, as likewise
+the ecclesiastics. Moreover, he commanded all the artillery of the town
+to be nailed and stopped up. At the same time he sent out a strong
+company of men to seek for the governor of Panama, of whom intelligence
+was brought, that he had laid several ambuscades in the way by which he
+ought to return: but they returned soon after, saying they had not found
+any sign of any such ambuscades. For confirmation whereof, they brought
+some prisoners, who declared that the said governor had had an intention
+of making some opposition by the way, but that the men designed to
+effect it were unwilling to undertake it: so that for want of means he
+could not put his design in execution.
+
+February 24, 1671, Captain Morgan departed from Panama, or rather from
+the place where the city of Panama stood; of the spoils whereof he
+carried with him one hundred and seventy-five beasts of carriage, laden
+with silver, gold, and other precious things, beside about six hundred
+prisoners, men, women, children and slaves. That day they came to a
+river that passes through a delicious plain, a league from Panama: here
+Captain Morgan put all his forces into good order, so as that the
+prisoners were in the middle, surrounded on all sides with pirates,
+where nothing else was to be heard but lamentations, cries, shrieks, and
+doleful sighs of so many women and children, who feared Captain Morgan
+designed to transport them all into his own country for slaves. Besides,
+all those miserable prisoners endured extreme hunger and thirst at that
+time, which misery Captain Morgan designedly caused them to sustain, to
+excite them to seek for money to ransom themselves, according to the tax
+he had set upon every one. Many of the women begged Captain Morgan, on
+their knees, with infinite sighs and tears, to let them return to
+Panama, there to live with their dear husbands and children in little
+huts of straw, which they would erect, seeing they had no houses till
+the rebuilding of the city. But his answer was, "He came not thither to
+hear lamentations and cries, but to seek money: therefore they ought
+first to seek out that, wherever it was to be had, and bring it to him;
+otherwise he would assuredly transport them all to such places whither
+they cared not to go."
+
+Next day, when the march began, those lamentable cries and shrieks were
+renewed, so as it would have caused compassion in the hardest heart: but
+Captain Morgan, as a man little given to mercy, was not moved in the
+least. They marched in the same order as before, one party of the
+pirates in the van, the prisoners in the middle, and the rest of the
+pirates in the rear; by whom the miserable Spaniards were at every step
+punched and thrust in their backs and sides, with the blunt ends of
+their arms, to make them march faster.
+
+A beautiful lady, wife to one of the richest merchants of Tavoga, was
+led prisoner by herself, between two pirates. Her lamentations pierced
+the skies, seeing herself carried away into captivity often crying to
+the pirates, and telling them, "That she had given orders to two
+religious persons, in whom she had relied, to go to a certain place, and
+fetch so much money as her ransom did amount to; that they had promised
+faithfully to do it, but having obtained the money, instead of bringing
+it to her, they had employed it another way, to ransom some of their
+own, and particular friends." This ill action of theirs was discovered
+by a slave, who brought a letter to the said lady. Her complaints, and
+the cause thereof, being brought to Captain Morgan, he thought fit to
+inquire thereinto. Having found it to be true--especially hearing it
+confirmed by the confession of the said religious men, though under some
+frivolous excuses of having diverted the money but for a day or two, in
+which time they expected more sums to repay it--he gave liberty to the
+said lady, whom otherwise he designed to transport to Jamaica. But he
+detained the said religious men as prisoners in her place, using them
+according to their desserts.
+
+Captain Morgan arriving at the town called Cruz, on the banks of the
+river Chagre, he published an order among the prisoners, that within
+three days every one should bring in their ransom, under the penalty of
+being transported to Jamaica. Meanwhile he gave orders for so much rice
+and maize to be collected thereabouts, as was necessary for victualing
+his ships. Here some of the prisoners were ransomed, but many others
+could not bring in their money. Hereupon he continued his voyage,
+leaving the village on the 5th of March following, carrying with him all
+the spoil he could. Hence he likewise led away some new prisoners,
+inhabitants there, with those in Panama, who had not paid their ransoms.
+But the two religious men, who had diverted the lady's money, were
+ransomed three days after by other persons, who had more compassion for
+them than they had showed for her.
+
+About the middle of the way to Chagre, Captain Morgan commanded them to
+be mustered, and caused every one to be sworn, that they had concealed
+nothing, even not to the value of sixpence. This done, Captain Morgan
+knowing those lewd fellows would not stick to swear falsely for
+interest, he commanded every one to be searched very strictly, both in
+their clothes and satchels, and elsewhere. Yea, that this order might
+not be ill taken by his companions, he permitted himself to be searched,
+even to his very shoes. To this effect, by common consent, one was
+assigned out of every company to be searchers of the rest. The French
+pirates that assisted on this expedition disliked this new practice of
+searching; but, being outnumbered by the English, they were forced to
+submit as well as the rest. The search being over, they reëmbarked, and
+arrived at the castle of Chagre on the 9th of March.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[2] From _The Buccaneers of America_.
+
+
+
+
+THE MALAY PROAS[3]
+
+JAMES FENIMORE COOPER
+
+
+We had cleared the Straits of Sunda early in the morning, and had made a
+pretty fair run in the course of the day, though most of the time in
+thick weather. Just as the sun set, however, the horizon became clear,
+and we got a sight of two small sail, seemingly heading in toward the
+coast of Sumatra, proas by their rig and dimensions. They were so
+distant, and were so evidently steering for the land, that no one gave
+them much thought, or bestowed on them any particular attention. Proas
+in that quarter were usually distrusted by ships, it is true; but the
+sea is full of them, and far more are innocent than are guilty of any
+acts of violence. Then it became dark soon after these craft were seen,
+and night shut them in. An hour after the sun had set, the wind fell to
+a light air, that just kept steerage-way on the ship. Fortunately, the
+_John_ was not only fast, but she minded her helm, as a light-footed
+girl turns in a lively dance. I never was in a better-steering ship,
+most especially in moderate weather.
+
+Mr. Marble had the middle watch that night, and, of course, I was on
+deck from midnight until four in the morning. It proved misty most of
+the watch, and for quite an hour we had a light drizzling rain. The ship
+the whole time was close-hauled, carrying royals. As everybody seemed to
+have made up his mind to a quiet night, one without any reefing or
+furling, most of the watch were sleeping about the decks, or wherever
+they could get good quarters, and be least in the way. I do not know
+what kept me awake, for lads of my age are apt to get all the sleep they
+can; but I believe I was thinking of Clawbonny, and Grace, and Lucy; for
+the latter, excellent girl as she was, often crossed my mind in those
+days of youth and comparative innocence. Awake I was, and walking in the
+weather-gangway, in a sailor's trot. Mr. Marble, he I do believe was
+fairly snoozing on the hen-coops, being, like the sails, as one might
+say, barely "asleep." At that moment I heard a noise, one familiar to
+seamen; that of an oar falling in a boat. So completely was my mind bent
+on other and distant scenes, that at first I felt no surprise, as if we
+were in a harbor surrounded by craft of various sizes, coming and going
+at all hours. But a second thought destroyed this illusion, and I looked
+eagerly about me. Directly on our weather-bow, distant, perhaps, a
+cable's length, I saw a small sail, and I could distinguish it
+sufficiently well to perceive it was a proa. I sang out "Sail ho! and
+close aboard!"
+
+Mr. Marble was on his feet in an instant. He afterward told me that when
+he opened his eyes, for he admitted this much to me in confidence, they
+fell directly on the stranger. He was too much of a seaman to require a
+second look in order to ascertain what was to be done. "Keep the ship
+away--keep her broad off!" he called out to the man at the wheel. "Lay
+the yards square--call all hands, one of you. Captain Robbins, Mr. Kite,
+bear a hand up; the bloody proas are aboard us!" The last part of this
+call was uttered in a loud voice, with the speaker's head down the
+companion-way. It was heard plainly enough below, but scarcely at all on
+deck.
+
+In the meantime everybody was in motion. It is amazing how soon sailors
+are wide awake when there is really anything to do! It appeared to me
+that all our people mustered on deck in less than a minute, most of them
+with nothing on but their shirts and trousers. The ship was nearly
+before the wind by the time I heard the captain's voice; and then Mr.
+Kite came bustling in among us forward, ordering most of the men to lay
+aft to the braces, remaining himself on the forecastle, and keeping me
+with him to let go the sheets. On the forecastle, the strange sail was
+no longer visible, being now abaft the beam; but I could hear Mr. Marble
+swearing there were two of them, and that they must be the very chaps we
+had seen to leeward, and standing in for the land at sunset. I also
+heard the captain calling out to the steward to bring him a powder-horn.
+Immediately after, orders were given to let fly all our sheets forward,
+and then I perceived that they were wearing ship. Nothing saved us but
+the prompt order of Mr. Marble to keep the ship away, by which means,
+instead of moving toward the proas, we instantly began to move from
+them. Although they went three feet to our two, this gave us a moment of
+breathing time.
+
+As our sheets were all flying forward, and remained so for a few
+minutes, it gave me leisure to look about. I soon saw both proas, and
+glad enough was I to perceive that they had not approached materially
+nearer. Mr. Kite observed this also, and remarked that our movements had
+been so prompt as to "take the rascals aback." He meant they did not
+exactly know what we were at, and had not kept away with us.
+
+At this instant, the captain and five or six of the oldest seamen began
+to cast loose all our starboard, or weather guns, four in all, and
+sixes. We had loaded these guns in the Straits of Banca, with grape and
+canister, in readiness for just such pirates as were now coming down
+upon us; and nothing was wanting but the priming and a hot loggerhead.
+It seems two of the last had been ordered in the fire, when we saw the
+proas at sunset; and they were now in excellent condition for service,
+live coals being kept around them all night by command. I saw a cluster
+of men busy with the second gun from forward, and could distinguish the
+captain pointing to it.
+
+"There cannot well be any mistake, Mr. Marble?" the captain observed,
+hesitating whether to fire or not.
+
+"Mistake, sir? Lord, Captain Robbins, you might cannonade any of the
+islands astern for a week, and never hurt an honest man. Let 'em have
+it, sir; I'll answer for it, you do good."
+
+This settled the matter. The loggerhead was applied, and one of our
+sixes spoke out in a smart report. A breathless stillness succeeded. The
+proas did not alter their course, but neared us fast. The captain
+levelled his night-glass, and I heard him tell Kite, in a low voice,
+that they were full of men. The word was now passed to clear away all
+the guns, and to open the arm-chest, to come at the muskets and pistols.
+I heard the rattling of the boarding-pikes, too, as they were cut adrift
+from the spanker-boom, and fell upon the decks. All this sounded very
+ominous, and I began to think we should have a desperate engagement
+first, and then have all our throats cut afterward.
+
+I expected now to hear the guns discharged in quick succession, but they
+were got ready only, not fired. Kite went aft, and returned with three
+or four muskets, and as many pikes. He gave the latter to those of the
+people who had nothing to do with the guns. By this time the ship was
+on a wind, steering a good full, while the two proas were just abeam,
+and closing fast. The stillness that reigned on both sides was like that
+of death. The proas, however, fell a little more astern; the result of
+their own man[oe]uvering, out of all doubt, as they moved through the
+water much faster than the ship, seeming desirous of dropping into our
+wake, with a design of closing under our stern, and avoiding our
+broadside. As this would never do, and the wind freshened so as to give
+us four or five knot way, a most fortunate circumstance for us, the
+captain determined to tack while he had room. The _John_ behaved
+beautifully, and came round like a top. The proas saw there was no time
+to lose, and attempted to close before we could fill again; and this
+they would have done with ninety-nine ships in a hundred. The captain
+knew his vessel, however, and did not let her lose her way, making
+everything draw again as it might be by instinct. The proas tacked, too,
+and, laying up much nearer to the wind than we did, appeared as if about
+to close on our lee-bow. The question was, now, whether we could pass
+them or not before they got near enough to grapple. If the pirates got
+on board us, we were hopelessly gone; and everything depended on
+coolness and judgment. The captain behaved perfectly well in this
+critical instant, commanding a dead silence, and the closest attention
+to his orders.
+
+I was too much interested at this moment to feel the concern that I
+might otherwise have experienced. On the forecastle, it appeared to us
+all that we should be boarded in a minute, for one of the proas was
+actually within a hundred feet, though losing her advantage a little by
+getting under the lee of our sails. Kite had ordered us to muster
+forward of the rigging, to meet the expected leap with a discharge of
+muskets, and then to present our pikes, when I felt an arm thrown around
+my body, and was turned inboard, while another person assumed my place.
+This was Neb, who had thus coolly thrust himself before me, in order to
+meet the danger first. I felt vexed, even while touched with the
+fellow's attachment and self-devotion, but had no time to betray either
+feeling before the crews of the proas gave a yell, and discharged some
+fifty or sixty matchlocks at us. The air was full of bullets, but they
+all went over our heads. Not a soul on board the _John_ was hurt. On our
+side, we gave the gentlemen the four sixes, two at the nearest and two
+at the stern-most proa, which was still near a cable's length distant.
+As often happens, the one seemingly farthest from danger, fared the
+worst. Our grape and canister had room to scatter, and I can at this
+distant day still hear the shrieks that arose from that craft! They were
+like the yells of fiends in anguish. The effect on that proa was
+instantaneous; instead of keeping on after her consort, she wore short
+round on her heel, and stood away in our wake, on the other tack,
+apparently to get out of the range of our fire.
+
+I doubt if we touched a man in the nearest proa. At any rate, no noise
+proceeded from her, and she came up under our bows fast. As every gun
+was discharged, and there was not time to load them, all now depended on
+repelling the boarders. Part of our people mustered in the waist, where
+it was expected the proa would fall alongside, and part on the
+forecastle. Just as this distribution was made, the pirates cast their
+grapnel. It was admirably thrown, but caught only by a ratlin. I saw
+this, and was about to jump into the rigging to try what I could do to
+clear it, when Neb again went ahead of me, and cut the ratlin with his
+knife. This was just as the pirates had abandoned sails and oars, and
+had risen to haul up alongside. So sudden was the release, that twenty
+of them fell over by their own efforts. In this state the ship passed
+ahead, all her canvas being full, leaving the proa motionless in her
+wake. In passing, however, the two vessels were so near, that those aft
+in the _John_ distinctly saw the swarthy faces of their enemies.
+
+We were no sooner clear of the proas than the order was given, "Ready
+about!" The helm was put down, and the ship came into the wind in a
+minute. As we came square with the two proas, all our larboard guns were
+given to them, and this ended the affair. I think the nearest of the
+rascals got it this time, for away she went, after her consort, both
+running off toward the islands. We made a little show of chasing, but it
+was only a feint; for we were too glad to get away from them, to be in
+earnest. In ten minutes after we tacked the last time, we ceased firing,
+having thrown some eight or ten round-shot after the proas, and were
+close-hauled again, heading to the southwest.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[3] From _Afloat and Ashore_.
+
+
+
+
+THE WONDERFUL FIGHT OF THE _EXCHANGE_ OF BRISTOL WITH THE PIRATES OF
+ALGIERS[4]
+
+SAMUEL PURCHAS
+
+
+In the yeere 1621, the first of November, there was one _Iohn Rawlins_,
+borne in _Rochester_, and dwelling three and twenty yeere in _Plimmoth_,
+imployed to the Strait of _Gibraltar_, by Master _Richard_, and _Steven
+Treviles_, Merchants of Plimmoth, and fraighted in a Barke, called the
+_Nicholas_ of _Plimmoth_, of the burden of forty Tun, which had also in
+her company another ship of _Plimmoth_, called the _George Benaventure_
+of seventy Tun burthen, or thereabouts; which by reason of her
+greatnesse beyond the other, I will name the _Admirall_; and _Iohn
+Rawlins_ Barke shall, if you please, be the _Vice-admirall_. These two
+according to the time of the yeere, had a faire passage, and by the
+eighteenth of the same moneth came to a place at the entring of the
+straits, named _Trafflegar_: but the next morning, being in the sight of
+_Gibraltar_, at the very mouth of the straits, the watch descried five
+saile of ships, who as it seemed, used all the means they could to come
+neere us, and we as we had cause, used the same means to go as farre
+from them: yet did their _Admirall_ take in both his top sailes, that
+either we might not suspect them, or that his owne company might come up
+the closer together. At last perceiving us _Christians_, they fell from
+devices to apparent discovery of hostility, and making out against us:
+we againe suspecting them Pirats, tooke our course to escape from them,
+and made all the sailes we possibly could for _Tirriff_, or _Gibraltar_:
+but all we could doe, could not prevent their approach. For suddenly one
+of them came right over against us to wind-ward, and so fell upon our
+quarter: another came upon our luffe, and so threatened us there, and at
+last all five chased us, making great speed to surprise us.
+
+Their _Admirall_ was called _Callfater_, having upon her maine
+top-saile, two top-gallant sailes, one above another. But whereas we
+thought them all five to be _Turkish_ ships of war, we afterwards
+understood, that two of them were their prizes, the one a smal ship of
+_London_, the other of the West-countrey, that came out of the
+_Quactath_ laden with figges, and other Merchandise, but now subiect to
+the fortune of the Sea, and the captivity of Pirats. But to our
+businesse. Three of these ships got much upon us, and so much that ere
+halfe the day was spent, the _Admirall_ who was the best sailer, fetcht
+up the _George Bonaventure_, and made booty of it. The _Vice-Admirall_
+againe being neerest unto the lesser Barke, whereof _Iohn Rawlins_ was
+Master, shewed him the force of a stronger arme, and by his _Turkish_
+name, called _Villa-Rise_, commanded him in like sort to strike his
+sailes, and submit to his mercy, which not to be gaine-saied nor
+prevented, was quickly done: and so _Rawlins_ with his Barke was quickly
+taken, although the _Reare-Admirall_ being the worst sayler of the
+three, called _Reggiprise_, came not in, till all was done.
+
+The same day before night, the _Admirall_ either loth to pester himselfe
+with too much company, or ignorant of the commodity that was to be made
+by the sale of _English_ prisoners, or daring not to trust them in his
+company, for feare of mutinies, and exciting others to rebellion; set
+twelve persons who were in the _George Bonaventure_ on the land, and
+divers other _English_, whom he had taken before, to trie their fortunes
+in an unknowne Countrey. But _Villa-Rise_, the _Vice-Admirall_ that had
+taken _Iohn Rawlins_, would not so dispence with his men, but commanded
+him and five more of his company to be brought aboord his ship, leaving
+in his Barke three men and his boy, with thirteene _Turkes_ and
+_Moores_, who were questionlesse sufficient to over-master the other,
+and direct the Barke to Harbour. Thus they sailed directly for _Algier_;
+but the night following, followed them with great tempest and foule
+weather, which ended not without some effect of a storme: for they lost
+the sight of _Rawlins_ Barke, called the _Nicholas_, and in a manner
+lost themselves, though they seemed safe a shipboord, by fearefull
+coniecturing what should become of us: at last, by the two and twentieth
+of the same moneth, they, or we (chuse you whether) arrived at _Algier_,
+and came in safety within the Mould, but found not our other Barke
+there; nay, though we earnestly inquired after the same, yet heard we
+nothing to our satisfaction; but much matter was ministred to our
+discomfort and amazement. For although the Captaine and our over-seers,
+were loth we should have any conference with our Country-men; yet did we
+adventure to informe ourselves of the present affaires, both of the
+Towne, and the shipping: so that finding many _English_ at worke in
+other ships, they spared not to tell us the danger we were in, and the
+mischiefes we must needs incurre, as being sure if we were not used like
+slaves, to be sold as slaves; for there had beene five hundred brought
+into the market for the same purpose, and above a hundred hansome youths
+compelled to turne _Turkes_, or made subiect to more viler prostitution,
+and all _English_: yet like good _Christians_, they bade us be of good
+cheere, and comfort ourselves in this, that Gods trials were gentle
+purgations, and these crosses were but to cleanse the drosse from the
+gold, and bring us out of the fire againe more cleare and lovely. Yet I
+must needs confesse, that they afforded us reason for this cruelty, as
+if they determined to be revenged of our last attempt to fire their
+ships in the Mould, and therefore protested to spare none whom they
+could surprise and take alive; but either to sell them for money, or
+torment them to serve their owne turnes. Now their customes and usages
+in both these was in this manner.
+
+First, concerning the first. The _Bashaw_ had the over-seeing of all
+prisoners, who were presented unto him at their first comming into the
+harbour, and to choose one out of every eight for a present or fee to
+himselfe: the rest were rated by the Captaines, and so sent to the
+Market to be sold; whereat if either there were repining, or any drawing
+backe, then certaine _Moores_ and Officers attended either to beate you
+forward, or thrust you into the sides with Goades; and this was the
+manner of the selling of Slaves.
+
+Secondly, concerning their enforcing them, either to turne _Turke_, or
+to attend their filthines and impieties, although it would make a
+Christians heart bleed to heare of the same, yet must the truth not be
+hid, nor the terror left untold. They commonly lay them on their naked
+backs or bellies, beating them so long, till they bleed at the nose and
+mouth; and if yet they continue constant, then they strike the teeth out
+of their heads, pinch them by their tongues, and use many other sorts of
+tortures to convert them; nay, many times they lay them their whole
+length in the ground like a grave, and so cover them with boords,
+threatening to starve them, if they will not turne; and so many even for
+feare of torment and death, make their tongues betray their hearts to a
+most fearefull wickednesse, and so are circumcised with new names, and
+brought to confesse a new Religion. Others againe, I must confesse, who
+never knew any God, but their own sensuall lusts and pleasures, thought
+that any religion would serve their turnes, and so for preferment or
+wealth very voluntarily renounced their faith, and became _Renegadoes_
+in despight of any counsell which seemed to intercept them: and this was
+the first newes wee encountred with at our comming first to _Algier_.
+
+The 26. of the same moneth, _Iohn Rawlins_ his Barke, with his other
+three men and a boy, came safe into the Mould, and so were put all
+together to be carried before the _Bashaw_, but that they tooke the
+Owners servant, and _Rawlins_ Boy, and by force and torment compelled
+them to turne _Turkes_: then were they in all seven _English_, besides
+_Iohn Rawlins_, of whom the _Bashaw_ tooke one, and sent the rest to
+their Captaines, who set a valuation upon them, and so the Souldiers
+hurried us like dogs into the Market, whereas men sell Hacknies in
+_England_. We were tossed up and downe to see who would give most for
+us; and although we had heavy hearts, and looked with sad countenances,
+yet many came to behold us, sometimes taking us by the hand, sometimes
+turning us round about, sometimes feeling our brawnes and naked armes,
+and so beholding our prices written on our breasts, they bargained for
+us accordingly, and at last we were all sold, and the Souldiers
+returned with the money to their Captaines.
+
+_Iohn Rawlins_ was the last who was sold, by reason of his lame hand,
+and bought by the Captaine that tooke him, even that dog _Villa Rise_,
+who better informing himselfe of his skill fit to be a Pilot, and his
+experience to bee an over-seer, bought him and his Carpenter at very
+easie rates. For as we afterwards understood by divers _English
+Renegadoes_, he paid for _Rawlins_ but one hundred and fiftie Dooblets,
+which make of _English_ money seven pound ten shilling. Thus was he and
+his Carpenter with divers other slaves sent into his ship to worke, and
+imployed about such affaires, as belonged to the well rigging and
+preparing the same. But the villanous _Turkes_ perceiving his lame hand,
+and that he could not performe so much as other Slaves, quickly
+complained to their Patron, who as quickly apprehended the
+inconvenience; whereupon hee sent for him the next day, and told him he
+was unserviceable for his present purpose, and therefore unlesse he
+could procure fifteene pound of the _English_ there for his ransome, he
+would send him up into the Countrey, where he should never see
+_Christendome_ againe, and endure the extremity of a miserable
+banishment.
+
+But see how God worketh all for the best for his servants, and
+confounded the presumption of Tyrants, frustrating their purposes, to
+make his wonders knowne to the sonnes of men, and releeves his people,
+when they least thinke of succour and releasement. Whilest _Iohn
+Rawlins_ was thus terrified with the dogged answere of _Villa Rise_, the
+_Exchange_ of _Bristow_,[5] a ship formerly surprised by the Pirats, lay
+all unrigged in the Harbour, till at last one _Iohn Goodale_, an
+_English Turke_, with his confederates, understanding shee was a good
+sailer, and might be made a proper Man of Warre, bought her from the
+_Turkes_ that tooke her, and prepared her for their owne purpose. Now
+the _Captaine_ that set them at worke, was also an _English Renegado_,
+by the name of _Rammetham Rise_, but by his Christian name _Henrie
+Chandler_, who resolved to make _Goodale_ Master over her; and because
+they were both _English Turkes_, having the command notwithstanding of
+many _Turkes_ and _Moores_, they concluded to have all _English_ slaves
+to goe in her, and for their Gunners, _English_ and _Dutch Renegadoes_,
+and so they agreed with the Patrons of nine _English_ and one _French_
+Slave for their ransoms, who were presently imployed to rig and furnish
+the ship for a Man of Warre, and while they were thus busied, two of
+_Iohn Rawlins_ men, who were taken with him, were also taken up to serve
+in this Man of Warre, their names, _Iames Roe_, and _Iohn Davies_, the
+one dwelling in _Plimmoth_, and the other in _Foy_, where the Commander
+of this ship was also borne, by which occasion they came acquainted, so
+that both the Captaine, and the Master promised them good usage, upon
+the good service they should performe in the voyage, and withall
+demanded of them, if they knew of any _Englishman_ to be bought, that
+could serve as a Pilot, both to direct them out of Harbour, and conduct
+them in their voyage. For in truth neither was the Captaine a Mariner,
+nor any _Turke_ in her of sufficiency to dispose of her through the
+Straites in securitie, nor oppose any enemie, that should hold it out
+bravely against them. _Davies_ quickly replied, that as farre as he
+understood, _Villa Rise_ would sell _Iohn Rawlins_ his Master, and
+Commander of the Barke which was taken, a man every way sufficient for
+Sea affaires, being of great resolution and good experience; and for all
+he had a lame hand, yet had he a sound heart and noble courage for any
+attempt or adventure.
+
+When the Captaine understood thus much, he imployed _Davies_ to search
+for Rawlins, who at last lighting upon him, asked him if the _Turke_
+would sell him: _Rawlins_ suddenly answered, that by reason of his lame
+hand he was willing to part with him; but because he had disbursed money
+for him, he would gaine something by him, and so prized him at three
+hundred Dooblets, which amounteth to fifteene pound _English_; which he
+must procure, or incurre sorer indurances. When _Davies_ had certified
+this much, the _Turkes_ a ship-boord conferred about the matter, and the
+Master whose Christen name was _Iohn Goodale_ joyned with two _Turkes_,
+who were consorted with him, and disbursed one hundred Dooblets a
+piece, and so bought him of _Villa Rise_, sending him into the said
+ship, called the _Exchange_ of _Bristow_, as well to supervise what had
+been done, as to order what was left undone, but especially to fit the
+sailes, and to accommodate the ship, all which _Rawlins_ was very
+carefull and dilligent in, not yet thinking of any peculiar plot of
+deliverance, more than a generall desire to be freed from this _Turkish_
+slaverie, and inhumane abuses.
+
+By the seventh of Januarie, the ship was prepared with twelve good cast
+Pieces, and all manner of munition and provision, which belonged to such
+a purpose, and the same day haled out of the Mould of _Algier_, with
+this company, and in this manner.
+
+There were in her sixtie three _Turkes_ and _Moores_, nine _English_
+slaves, and one _French_, foure _Hollanders_ that were free men, to whom
+the _Turkes_ promised one prise or other, and so to returne to Holland;
+or if they were disposed to goe backe againe for _Algier_, they should
+have great reward and no enforcement offered, but continue as they
+would, both their religion and their customes: and for their Gunners
+they had two of our Souldiers, one _English_ and one _Dutch_ Renegado;
+and thus much for the companie. For the manner of setting out, it was as
+usuall as in other ships, but that the _Turkes_ delighted in the
+ostentous braverie of their Streamers, Banners, and Top-sayles; the ship
+being a handsome ship, and well built for any purpose. The Slaves and
+_English_ were imployed under Hatches about the Ordnance, and other
+workes of order, and accommodating themselves: all which _Iohn Rawlins_
+marked, as supposing it an intolerable slaverie to take such paines, and
+be subiect to such dangers, and still to enrich other men and maintaine
+their voluptuous filthinesse and lives, returning _themselves_ as
+Slaves, and living worse than their Dogs amongst them. Whereupon hee
+burst out into these, or the like abrupt speeches: "Oh Hellish slaverie
+to be thus subiect to Dogs! Oh, God strengthen my heart and hand, that
+something shall be done to ease us of these mischiefs, and deliver us
+from these cruell _Mahumetan_ Dogs." The other Slaves pittying his
+distraction (as they thought) bad him speake softly, lest they should
+all fare the worse for his distemperature. "The worse (quoth _Rawlins_)
+what can be worse? I will either attempt my deliverance at one time, or
+another, or perish in the enterprise: but if you would be contented to
+hearken after a release, and joyne with me in the action, I would not
+doubt of facilitating the same, and shew you a way to make your credits
+thrive by some worke of amazement, and augment your glorie in purchasing
+your libertie." "I prethee be quiet (said they againe) and think not of
+impossibilities: yet if you can but open such a doore of reason and
+probabilitie, that we be not condemned for desperate and distracted
+persons, in pulling the Sunne as it were out of the Firmament, wee can
+but sacrifice our lives, and you may be sure of secrecie and
+faithfulnesse."
+
+The fifteenth of Januarie, the morning water brought us neere _Cape de
+Gatt_, hard by the shoare, we having in our companie a smal _Turkish_
+ship of Warre, that followed us out of _Algier_ the next day, and now
+ioyning with us, gave us notice of seven small vessels, sixe of them
+being _Sallees_, and one _Pollack_, who very quickly appeared in sight,
+and so we made toward them: but having more advantage of the _Pollack_,
+then the rest, and loth to lose all, we both fetcht her up, and brought
+her past hope of recoverie, which when she perceived, rather then she
+would voluntarily come into the slaverie of these _Mahumetans_, she ran
+her selfe a shoare, and so all the men forsooke her. We still followed
+as neere as we durst, and for feare of splitting, let fall our anchors,
+sending out both our boates, wherein were many Musketeers, and some
+_English_ and _Dutch_ Renegadoes, who came aboord home at their _Conge_,
+and found three pieces of Ordnance, and foure Murtherers: but they
+straightway threw them all over-boord to lighten the ship, and so they
+got her off, being laden with Hides, and Logwood for dying, and
+presently sent her to _Algier_, taking nine _Turkes_, and one _English_
+Slave, out of one ship, and six out of the lesse, which we thought
+sufficient to man her.
+
+In the rifling of this _Catelaynia_, our _Turkes_ fell at variance one
+with another, and in such a manner, that we divided our selves, the
+lesser ship returned to _Algier_, and our _Exchange_ tooke the
+opportunitie of the wind, and plyed out of the Streights, which
+reioyced _Iohn Rawlins_ very much, as resolving on some Stratageme, when
+opportunities should serve. In the meane-while, the _Turkes_ began to
+murmurre, and would not willingly goe into the _Marr Granada_, as the
+phrase is amongst them: notwithstanding the _Moores_ being very
+_superstitious_, were contented to be directed by their _Hoshea_, who
+with us, signifieth a Witch, and is of great account and reputation
+amongst them, as not going in any great Vessell to Sea without one, and
+observing whatsoever he concludeth out of his Divination. The Ceremonies
+they use are many, and when they come into the Ocean, every second or
+third night they make their Conjuration; it beginneth and endeth with
+Prayer, using many Characters, and calling upon God by divers names: yet
+at this time, all that they did consisted in these particulars.
+
+Upon the sight of two great ships, and as wee were afraid of their
+chasing us, they beeing supposed to bee _Spanish_ men of Warre, a great
+silence is commanded in the ship, and when all is done, the company
+giveth as great a skreech; the Captaine comming to _John Rawlins_, and
+sometimes making him take in all his sayles, and sometimes causing him
+to hoyst them all out, as the Witch findeth by his Booke, and presages;
+then have they two Arrowes, and a Curtleaxe, lying upon a Pillow naked;
+the Arrowes are one for the Turkes, and the other for the Christians;
+then the Witch readeth, and the Captaine or some other taketh the
+Arrowes in their hand by the heads, and if the Arrow for the Christians
+commeth over the head of the Arrow for the _Turkes_, then doe they
+advance their sayles, and will not endure the fight, whatsoever they
+see: but if the Arrow of the _Turkes_ is found in the opening of the
+hand upon the Arrow of the Christians, then will they stay and encounter
+with any shippe whatsoever. The Curtleaxe is taken up by some Childe,
+that is innocent, or rather ignorant of the Ceremonie, and so layd downe
+againe; then doe they observe, whether the same side is uppermost, which
+lay before, and so proceed accordingly.
+
+They also observe Lunatickes and Changelings, and the Coniurer writeth
+downe their Sayings in a Booke, groveling on the ground, as if he
+whispered to the Devil to tell him the truth, and so expoundeth the
+Letter, as it were by inspiration. Many other foolish Rites they have,
+whereupon they doe dote as foolishly.
+
+Whilest he was busied, and made demonstration that all was finished, the
+people in the ship gave a great shout, and cryed out, "a sayle, a
+sayle," which at last was discovered to bee another man of Warre of
+_Turkes_. For he made toward us, and sent his Boat aboord us, to whom
+our Captain complained, that being becalmed by the Southerne Cape, and
+having made no Voyage, the _Turkes_ denyed to goe any further Northward:
+but the Captaine resolved not to returne to _Algier_, except he could
+obtayne some Prize worthy his endurances, but rather to goe to _Salle_,
+and tell his Christians to victuall his ship; which the other Captaine
+apprehended for his honour, and so perswaded the _Turkes_ to be obedient
+unto him; whereupon followed a pacification amongst us, and so that
+_Turke_ tooke his course for the Streights, and wee put up Northward,
+expecting the good houre of some beneficiall bootie.
+
+All this while our slavery continued, and the _Turkes_ with insulting
+tyrannie set us still on worke in all base and servile actions, adding
+stripes and inhumane revilings, even in our greatest labour, whereupon
+_Iohn Rawlins_ resolved to obtane his libertie, and surprize the ship;
+providing Ropes with broad spikes of Iron, and all the Iron Crowes, with
+which hee knew a way, upon consent of the rest, to ramme up or tye fast
+their Scuttels, Gratings, and Cabbins, yea, to shut up the Captaine
+himselfe with all his consorts, and so to handle the matter, that upon
+the watch-word given, the _English_ being Masters of the Gunner roome,
+Ordnance, and Powder, they would eyther blow them into the Ayre, or kill
+them as they adventured to come downe one by one, if they should by any
+chance open their Cabbins. But because hee would proceed the better in
+his enterprise, as he had somewhat abruptly discovered himselfe to the
+nine _English_ slaves, so he kept the same distance with the foure
+_Hollanders_, that were free men, till finding them comming somewhat
+toward them, he acquainted them with the whole Conspiracie, and they
+affecting the Plot, offered the adventure of their lives in the
+businesse. Then very warily he undermined the _English_ Renegado, which
+was the Gunner, and three more his Associats, who at first seemed to
+retract. Last of all were brought in the _Dutch_ Renegadoes, who were
+also in the Gunner roome, for alwayes there lay twelve there, five
+Christians, and seven _English_, and _Dutch Turkes_: so that when
+another motion had settled their resolutions, and _Iohn Rawlins_ his
+constancie had put new life as it were in the matter, the foure
+_Hollanders_ very honestly, according to their promise, sounded the
+_Dutch_ Renegadoes, who with easie perswasion gave their consent to so
+brave an Enterprize; whereupon _Iohn Rawlins_, not caring whether the
+_English_ Gunners would yeeld or no, resolved in the Captaines morning
+watch, to make the attempt. But you must understand that where the
+_English_ slaves lay, there hung up alwayes foure or five Crowes of
+Iron, being still under the carriages of the Peeces, and when the time
+approached being very darke, because _Iohn Rawlins_ would have his Crow
+of Iron ready as other things were, and other men prepared in their
+severall places, in taking it out of the carriage, by chance, it hit on
+the side of the Peece, making such a noyse, that the Souldiers hearing
+it awaked the _Turkes_, and bade them come downe: whereupon the Botesane
+of the _Turkes_ descended with a Candle, and presently searched all the
+slaves places, making much adoe of the matter, but finding neyther
+Hatchet nor Hammer, nor any thing else to move suspicion of the
+Enterprize, more then the Crow of Iron, which lay slipped downe under
+the carriages of the Peeces, they went quietly up againe, and certified
+the Captaine what had chanced, who satisfied himselfe, that it was a
+common thing to have a Crow of Iron slip from its place. But by this
+occasion wee made stay of our attempt, yet were resolved to take another
+or a better oportunitie.
+
+For we sayled still more North-ward, and _Rawlins_ had more time to
+tamper with his Gunners, and the rest of the _English_ Renegadoes, who
+very willingly, when they considered the matter, and perpended the
+reasons, gave way unto the Proiect, and with a kind of joy seemed to
+entertayne the motives: only they made a stop at the first on-set, who
+should begin the enterprize, which was no way fit for them to doe,
+because they were no slaves, but Renegadoes, and so had always
+beneficiall entertaynment amongst them. But when it is once put in
+practice, they would be sure not to faile them, but venture their lives
+for God and their Countrey. But once againe he is disappointed, and a
+suspitious accident brought him to recollect his spirits anew, and
+studie on the danger of the enterprize, and thus it was. After the
+Renegado Gunner, had protested secrecie by all that might induce a man
+to bestow some beliefe upon him, he presently went up the Scottle, but
+stayed not aloft a quarter of an houre; nay he came sooner down, & in
+the Gunner roome sate by _Rawlins_, who tarryed for him where he left
+him: he was no sooner placed, and entred into some conference, but there
+entred into the place a furious _Turke_, with his Knife drawne, and
+presented it to _Rawlins_ his body, who verily supposed, he intended to
+kill him, as suspitious that the Gunner had discovered something,
+whereat _Rawlins_ was much moved, and hastily asked what the matter
+meant, and whether he would kill him, observing his companion's
+countenance to change colour, whereby his suspitious heart, condemned
+him for a Traytor: but at more leisure he sware the contrary, and
+afterward proved faithfull and industrious in the enterprize. For the
+present, he answered _Rawlins_ in this manner, "no Master, be not
+afraid, I thinke hee doth but _iest_." With that _John Rawlins_ gave
+backe a little and drew out his Knife, stepping also to the Gunners
+sheath and taking out his, whereby he had two Knives to one, which when
+the _Turke_ perceived, he threw downe his Knife, saying, hee did but
+iest with him. But when the Gunner perceived, _Rawlins_ tooke it so ill,
+hee whispered something in his eare, that at last satisfied him, calling
+Heaven to witnesse, that he never spake word of the Enterprize, nor ever
+would, either to the preiudice of the businesse, or danger of his
+person. Notwithstanding, _Rawlins_ kept the Knives in his sleeve all
+night, and was somewhat troubled, for that hee had made so many
+acquainted with an action of such importance; but the next day, when hee
+perceived the Coast cleere, and that there was no cause of further
+feare, hee somewhat comforted himselfe.
+
+All this while, _Rawlins_ drew the Captaine to lye for the Northerne
+Cape, assuring him, that thereby he should not misse a prize, which
+accordingly fell out, as a wish would have it: but his drift was in
+truth to draw him from any supply, or help of _Turkes_, if God should
+give way to their Enterprize, or successe to the victorie: yet for the
+present the sixth of February, being twelve leagues from the Cape, wee
+descryed a sayle, and presently took the advantage of the wind in
+chasing her, and at last fetched her up, making her strike all her
+sayles, whereby wee knew her to be a Barke belonging to _Tor Bay_, neere
+_Dartmouth_, that came from _Auerure_ laden with Salt. Ere we had fully
+dispatched, it chanced to be foule weather, so that we could not, or at
+least _would not_ make out our Boat, but caused the Master of the Barke
+to let downe his, and come aboord with his Company, being in the Barke
+but nine men, and one Boy; and so the Master leaving his Mate with two
+men in the ship, came himselfe with five men, and the boy unto us,
+whereupon our _Turkish_ Captain sent ten _Turkes_ to man her, amongst
+whom were two _Dutch_, and one English Renegado, who were of our
+confederacie, and acquainted with the businesse.
+
+But when _Rawlins_ saw this partition of his friends; before they could
+hoyst out their Boat for the Barke, he made meanes to speake with them,
+and told them plainly, that he would prosecute the matter eyther that
+night, or the next and therefore whatsoever came of it they should
+acquaint the _English_ with his resolution, and make toward _England_,
+bearing up the helme, whiles the _Turkes_ slept, and suspected no such
+matter: for by Gods grace in his first watch about mid-night, he would
+shew them a light, by which they might understand, that the Enterprize
+was begunne, or at least in a good forwardnesse for the execution: and
+so the Boat was let downe, and they came to the Barke of _Tor Bay_,
+where the Masters Mate beeing left (as before you have heard)
+apprehended quickly the matter, and heard the Discourse with amazement.
+But time was precious, and not to be spent in disputing, or casting of
+doubts, whether the _Turkes_ that were with them were able to master
+them, or no, beeing seven to sixe, considering they had the helme of the
+ship, and the _Turkes_ being Souldiers, and ignorant of Sea Affaires,
+could not discover, whether they went to _Algier_ or no; or if they did,
+they resolved by _Rawlins_ example to cut their throats, or cast them
+over-boord: and so I leave them to make use of the Renegadoes
+instructions, and returne to _Rawlins_ againe.
+
+The Master of the Barke of _Tor Bay_, and his Company were quickly
+searched, and as quickly pillaged, and dismissed to the libertie of the
+shippe, whereby _Rawlins_ had leisure to entertayne him with the
+lamentable newes of their extremities, and in a word, of every
+particular which was befitting to the purpose: yea, he told him, that
+that night he should lose the sight of them, for they would make the
+helme for _England_ and hee would that night and evermore pray for their
+good successe, and safe deliverance.
+
+When the Master of the Barke of _Tor Bay_ had heard him out, and that
+his company were partakers of his Storie, they became all silent, not
+eyther diffident of his Discourse, or afraid of the attempt, but
+resolved to assist him. Yet to shew himselfe an understanding man, hee
+demanded of _Rawlins_, what weapons he had, and in what manner he would
+execute the businesse: to which he answered, that he had Ropes, and Iron
+Hookes to make fast the Scottels, Gratings, and Cabbines, he had also in
+the Gunner roome two Curtleaxes, and the slaves had five Crowes of Iron
+before them: Besides, in the scuffling they made no question of some of
+the Souldiers weapons. Then for the manner, hee told them, they were
+sure of the Ordnance, the Gunner roome, and the Powder, and so blocking
+them up, would eyther kill them as they came downe, or turne the
+Ordnance against their Cabbins, or blow them into the Ayre by one
+Strategeme or other; and thus were they contented on all sides, and
+resolved to the Enterprize.
+
+The next morning, being the seventh of February, the Prize of _Tor Bay_
+was not to bee seene or found, whereat the Captaine began to storme and
+sweare, commanding _Rawlins_ to search the Seas up and downe for her,
+who bestowed all that day in the businesse, but to little purpose:
+whereupon when the humour was spent, the Captaine pacified himselfe, as
+conceiting he should sure find her at _Algier_: but by the permission of
+the Ruler of all actions, that _Algier_ was England, and all his
+wickednesse frustrated: for _Rawlins_ beeing now startled, lest hee
+should returne in this humour for the Streights, on the eight of
+February went downe into the hold, and finding a great deale of water
+below, told the Captaine of the same, adding, that it did not come to
+the Pumpe, which he said very politickly, that he might remove the
+Ordnance. For when the Captaine askt him the reason, he told him the
+ship was too farre after the head: then hee commanded to use the best
+meanes he could to bring her in order: "sure then," quoth _Rawlins_,
+"wee must quit our Cables, and bring foure Peeces of Ordnance after, and
+that would bring the water to the Pumpe;" which was presently put in
+practice, so the Peeces beeing usually made fast thwart the ship, we
+brought two of them with their mouthes right before the Binnacle, and
+because the Renegadoe _Flemmings_ would not begin, it was thus
+concluded: that the ship having three Deckes, wee that did belong to the
+Gunner roome should bee all there, and breake up the lower Decke. The
+_English_ slaves, who always lay in the middle Decks, should doe the
+like, and watch the Scuttels: _Rawlins_ himselfe prevayled with the
+Gunner, for so much Powder, as should prime the Peeces, and so told them
+all there was no better watch-word, nor meanes to begin, then upon the
+report of the Peece to make a cry and shout, for God, and King _Iames_,
+and Saint _George_ for _England_!
+
+When all things were prepared, and every man resolved, as knowing what
+hee had to doe, and the houre when it should happen, to be two in the
+afternoone, _Rawlins_ advised the Master Gunner to speake to the
+Captaine, that the Souldiers might attend on the Poope, which would
+bring the ship after: to which the Captaine was very willing, and upon
+the Gunners information, the Souldiers gat themselves to the Poope, to
+the number of twentie, and five or sixe went into the Captaines Cabbin,
+where always lay divers Curtleaxes, and some Targets, and so wee fell to
+worke to pumpe the water, and carryed the matter fairely till the next
+day, which was spent as the former, being the ninth of February, and as
+God must have the prayse, the triumph of our victorie.
+
+For by that time all things were prepared, and the Souldiers got upon
+the Poope as the day before: to avoid suspition, all that did belong to
+the Gunner-roome went downe, and the slaves in the middle decke attended
+their business, so that we could cast up our account in this manner.
+First, nine _English_ slaves, besides _Iohn Rawlins_: five of the _Tor
+Bay_ men, and one boy, foure _English_ Renegadoes, and two _French_,
+foure _Hollanders_: in all four and twenty and a boy: so that lifting up
+our hearts and hands to God for the successe of the businesse, we were
+wonderfully incouraged; and setled our selves, till the report of the
+peece gave us warning of the enterprise. Now, you must consider, that in
+this company were two of _Rawlins_ men, _Iames Roe_, and _Iohn Davies_,
+whom he brought out of _England_, and whom the fortune of the Sea
+brought into the same predicament with their Master. These were imployed
+about noone (being as I said, the ninth of February) to prepare their
+matches, while all the _Turkes_ or at least most of them stood on the
+Poope, to weigh down the ship as it were, to bring the water forward to
+the Pumpe: the one brought his match lighted betweene two spoons, the
+other brought his in a little peece of a Can: and so in the name of God,
+the _Turkes_ and _Moores_ being placed as you have heard, and five and
+forty in number, and _Rawlins_ having proined the Tuch-holes, _Iames
+Roe_ gave fire to one of the peeces, about two of the clocke in the
+afternoone, and the confederates upon the warning, shouted most
+cheerefully: the report of the peece did teare and breake down all the
+Binnacle, and compasses, and the noise of the slaves made all the
+Souldiers amased at the matter, till seeing the quarter of the ship
+rent, and feeling the whole body to shake under them: understanding the
+ship was surprised, and the attempt tended to their utter destruction,
+never Beare robbed of her whelpes was so fell and mad: For they not
+onely cald us dogs, and cried out, _Usance de Lamair_, which is as much
+to say, the Fortune of the wars: but attempted to teare up the planckes,
+setting a worke hammers, hatchets, knives, the oares of the Boate, the
+Boat-hooke, their curtleaxes, and what else came to hand, besides stones
+and brickes in the Cooke-roome, all which they threw amongst us,
+attempting still and still to breake and rip up the hatches, and boords
+of the steering, not desisting from their former execrations, and
+horrible blasphemies and revilings.
+
+When _Iohn Rawlins_ perceived them so violent, and understood how the
+slaves had cleared the deckes of all the _Turkes_ and _Moores_ beneath,
+he set a guard upon the Powder, and charged their owne Muskets against
+them, killing them from divers scout-holes, both before and behind, and
+so lessened their number, to the ioy of all our hearts, whereupon they
+cried out, and called for the Pilot, and so _Rawlins_, with some to
+guard him, went to them, and understood them by their kneeling, that
+they cried for mercy, and to have their lives saved, and they would come
+downe, which he bade them doe, and so they were taken one by one, and
+bound, yea killed with their owne Curtleaxes; which when the rest
+perceived, they called us _English_ dogs, and reviled us with many
+opprobrious termes, some leaping over-boord, crying, it was the chance
+of war; some were manacled, and so throwne over-boord, and some were
+slaine and mangled with the Curtleaxes, till the ship was well cleared,
+and our selves assured of the victory.
+
+At the first report of our Peece, and hurliburly in the decks, the
+Captaine was a writing in his Cabbin, and hearing the noyse, thought it
+some strange accident, and so came out with his Curtleaxe in his hand,
+presuming by his authority to pacifie the mischiefe: But when hee cast
+his eyes upon us, and saw that we were like to surprise the ship, he
+threw downe his Curtleaxe, and begged us to save his life, intimating
+unto _Rawlins_, how he had redeemed him from _Villa-Rise_, and ever
+since admitted him to place of command in the ship, besides honest usage
+in the whole course of the Voyage. All which _Rawlins_ confessed, and at
+last condescended to mercy, and brought the Captaine and five more into
+_England_. The Captain was called _Ramtham-Rise_, but his Christen name,
+_Henry Chandler_, and as they say, was a Chandler's sonne in Southwarke.
+_Iohn Goodale_, was also an _English Turke_. _Richard Clarke_, in
+_Turkish_, _Iafar_; _George Cooke_, _Ramdam_; _Iohn Browne_, _Mamme_;
+_William Winter_, _Mustapha_; besides all the slaves and _Hollanders_,
+with other Renegadoes, who were willing to be reconciled to their true
+Saviour, as being formerly seduced with the hopes of riches, honour,
+preferment, and such like devillish baits, to catch the soules of
+mortall men, and entangle frailty in the fetters of horrible abuses, and
+imposturing deceit.
+
+When all was done, and the ship cleared of the dead bodies, _Iohn
+Rawlins_ assembled his men together, and with one consent gave the
+praise unto God, using the accustomed service on ship-boord, and for
+want of bookes lifted up their voyces to God, as he put into their
+hearts, or renewed their memories: then did they sing a Psalme, and last
+of all, embraced one another for playing the men in such a Deliverance,
+whereby our feare was turned into joy, and trembling hearts
+exhillirated, that we had escaped such inevitable dangers, and
+especially the slavery and terror of bondage, worse than death it selfe.
+The same night we washed our ship, put every thing in as good order as
+we could, repaired the broken quarter, set up the Binnacle, and bore up
+the Helme for _England_, where by Gods grace and good guiding, we
+arrived at _Plimmoth_, the thirteenth of February, and were welcommed
+like the recovery of the lost sheepe, or as you read of a loving mother,
+that runneth with embraces to entertaine her sonne from a long Voyage
+and escape of many dangers.
+
+Not long after we understood of our confederats, that returned home in
+the Barke of _Torbay_, that they arrived in _Pensance_ in _Corne-wall_
+the eleventh of February: and if any aske after their deliverance,
+considering there were ten _Turkes_ sent to man her, I will tell you
+that too: the next day after they lost us, as you have heard and that
+the three Renegadoes had acquainted the Masters Mate, and the two
+_English_ in her with _Rawlins_ determination, and that they themselves
+would be true to them, and assist them in any enterprise: then if the
+worst came, there were but seven to sixe: but as it fell out, they had a
+more easie passage, then turmoile, or man-slaughter. For they made the
+_Turkes_ beleeve, the wind was come faire, and that they were sayling to
+_Algier_, till they came within sight of _England_, which one of them
+amongst the rest discovered, saying plainely, that that land was not
+like _Cape Vincent_; "yes faith," said he, that was at the Helme, "and
+you will be contented, and goe downe into the hold, and trim the salt
+over to wind-ward, whereby the ship may beare full saile, you shall know
+and see more to morrow": Whereupon five of them went downe very orderly,
+the Renegadoes faining themselves asleep, who presently start up, and
+with the helpe of the two _English_, nailed downe the hatches, whereat
+the principall amongst them much repined, and began to grow into choller
+and rage, had it not quickly beene suppressed. For one of them stepped
+to him, and dasht out his braines, and threw him over-boord: the rest
+were brought to _Excester_, and either to be arraigned, according to the
+punishment of delinquents in such a kind, or disposed of, as the King
+and Counsell shall thinke meet and this is the story of this
+deliverance, and end of _Iohn Rawlins_ Voyage. The Actors in this Comick
+Tragedie are most of them alive; The _Turkes_ are in prison; the ship is
+to be seene, and _Rawlins_ himselfe dare justifie the matter.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[4] From _Purchas, His Pilgrims_.
+
+[5] Bristol.
+
+
+
+
+THE DAUGHTER OF THE GREAT MOGUL[6]
+
+DANIEL DEFOE
+
+
+In this time I pursued my voyage, coasted the whole Malabar shore, and
+met with no purchase but a great Portugal East India ship, which I
+chased into Goa, where she got out of my reach. I took several small
+vessels and barks, but little of value in them, till I entered the great
+Bay of Bengal, when I began to look about me with more expectation of
+success, though without prospect of what happened.
+
+I cruised here about two months, finding nothing worth while; so I stood
+away to a port on the north point of the isle of Sumatra, where I made
+no stay; for here I got news that two large ships belonging to the Great
+Mogul were expected to cross the bay from Hoogly, in the Ganges, to the
+country of the King of Pegu, being to carry the granddaughter of the
+Great Mogul to Pegu, who was to be married to the king of that country,
+with all her retinue, jewels, and wealth.
+
+This was a booty worth watching for, though it had been some months
+longer; so I resolved that we would go and cruise off Point Negaris, on
+the east side of the bay, near Diamond Isle; and here we plied off and
+on for three weeks, and began to despair of success; but the knowledge
+of the booty we expected spurred us on, and we waited with great
+patience, for we knew the prize would be immensely rich.
+
+At length we spied three ships coming right up to us with the wind. We
+could easily see they were not Europeans by their sails, and began to
+prepare ourselves for a prize, not for a fight; but were a little
+disappointed when we found the first ship full of guns and full of
+soldiers, and in condition, had she been managed by English sailors, to
+have fought two such ships as ours were. However, we resolved to attack
+her if she had been full of devils as she was full of men.
+
+Accordingly, when we came near them, we fired a gun with shot as a
+challenge. They fired again immediately three or four guns, but fired
+them so confusedly that we could easily see they did not understand
+their business; when we considered how to lay them on board, and so to
+come thwart them, if we could; but falling, for want of wind, open to
+them, we gave them a fair broadside. We could easily see, by the
+confusion that was on board, that they were frightened out of their
+wits; they fired here a gun and there a gun, and some on that side that
+was from us, as well as those that were next to us. The next thing we
+did was to lay them on board, which we did presently, and then gave
+them a volley of our small shot, which, as they stood so thick, killed a
+great many of them, and made all the rest run down under their hatches,
+crying out like creatures bewitched. In a word, we presently took the
+ship, and having secured her men, we chased the other two. One was
+chiefly filled with women, and the other with lumber. Upon the whole, as
+the granddaughter of the Great Mogul was our prize in the first ship, so
+in the second was her women, or, in a word, her household, her eunuchs,
+all the necessaries of her wardrobe, of her stables, and of her kitchen;
+and in the last, great quantities of household stuff, and things less
+costly, though not less useful.
+
+But the first was the main prize. When my men had entered and mastered
+the ship, one of our lieutenants called for me, and accordingly I jumped
+on board. He told me he thought nobody but I ought to go into the great
+cabin, or, at least, nobody should go there before me; for that the lady
+herself and all her attendance was there, and he feared the men were so
+heated they would murder them all, or do worse.
+
+I immediately went to the great cabin door, taking the lieutenant that
+called me along with me, and caused the cabin door to be opened. But
+such a sight of glory and misery was never seen by buccaneer before. The
+queen (for such she was to have been) was all in gold and silver, but
+frightened and crying, and, at the sight of me, she appeared trembling,
+and just as if she was going to die. She sat on the side of a kind of a
+bed like a couch, with no canopy over it, or any covering; only made to
+lie down upon. She was, in a manner, covered with diamonds, and I, like
+a true pirate, soon let her see that I had more mind to the jewels than
+to the lady.
+
+However, before I touched her, I ordered the lieutenant to place a guard
+at the cabin door, and fastening the door, shut us both in, which he
+did. The lady was young, and, I suppose, in their country esteem, very
+handsome, but she was not very much so in my thoughts. At first, her
+fright, and the danger she thought she was in of being killed, taught
+her to do everything that she thought might interpose between her and
+danger, and that was to take off her jewels as fast as she could, and
+give them to me; and I, without any great compliment, took them as fast
+as she gave them me, and put them into my pocket, taking no great notice
+of them or of her, which frighted her worse than all the rest, and she
+said something which I could not understand. However, two of the other
+ladies came, all crying, and kneeled down to me with their hands lifted
+up. What they meant, I knew not at first; but by their gestures and
+pointings I found at last it was to beg the young queen's life, and that
+I would not kill her.
+
+When the three ladies kneeled down to me, and as soon as I understood
+what it was for, I let them know I would not hurt the queen, nor let
+any one else hurt her, but that she must give me all her jewels and
+money. Upon this they acquainted her that I would save her life; and no
+sooner had they assured her of that but she got up smiling, and went to
+a fine Indian cabinet, and opened a private drawer, from whence she took
+another little thing full of little square drawers and holes. This she
+brings to me in her hand, and offered to kneel down to give it me. This
+innocent usage began to rouse some good-nature in me (though I never had
+much), and I would not let her kneel; but sitting down myself on the
+side of her couch or bed, made a motion to her to sit down too. But here
+she was frightened again, it seems, at what I had no thought of. But as
+I did not offer anything of that kind, only made her sit down by me,
+they began all to be easier after some time, and she gave me the little
+box or casket, I know not what to call it, but it was full of invaluable
+jewels. I have them still in my keeping, and wish they were safe in
+England; for I doubt not but some of them are fit to be placed on the
+king's crown.
+
+Being master of this treasure, I was very willing to be good-humored to
+the persons; so I went out of the cabin, and caused the women to be left
+alone, causing the guard to be kept still, that they might receive no
+more injury than I would do them myself.
+
+After I had been out of the cabin some time, a slave of the women's came
+to me, and made sign to me that the queen would speak with me again. I
+made signs back that I would come and dine with her majesty; and
+accordingly I ordered that her servants should prepare her dinner, and
+carry it in, and then call me. They provided her repast after the usual
+manner, and when she saw it brought in she appeared pleased, and more
+when she saw me come in after it; for she was exceedingly pleased that I
+had caused a guard to keep the rest of my men from her; and she had, it
+seems, been told how rude they had been to some of the women that
+belonged to her.
+
+When I came in, she rose up, and paid me such respect as I did not well
+know how to receive, and not in the least how to return. If she had
+understood English, I could have said plainly, and in good rough words,
+"Madam, be easy; we are rude, rough-hewn fellows, but none of our men
+should hurt you, or touch you; I will be your guard and protection; we
+are for money indeed, and we shall take what you have, but we will do
+you no other harm." But as I could not talk thus to her, I scarce knew
+what to say; but I sat down, and made signs to have her sit down and
+eat, which she did, but with so much ceremony that I did not know well
+what to do with it.
+
+After we had eaten, she rose up again, and drinking some water out of a
+china cup, sat her down on the side of the couch as before. When she saw
+I had done eating, she went then to another cabinet, and pulling out a
+drawer, she brought it to me; it was full of small pieces of gold coin
+of Pegu, about as big as an English half-guinea, and I think there were
+three thousand of them. She opened several other drawers, and showed me
+the wealth that was in them, and then gave me the key of the whole.
+
+We had revelled thus all day, and part of the next day, in a bottomless
+sea of riches, when my lieutenant began to tell me, we must consider
+what to do with our prisoners and the ships, for that there was no
+subsisting in that manner. Upon this we called a short council, and
+concluded to carry the great ship away with us, but to put all the
+prisoners--queen, ladies, and all the rest--into the lesser vessels, and
+let them go; and so far was I from ravishing this lady, as I hear is
+reported of me, that though I might rifle her of everything else, yet, I
+assure you, I let her go untouched for me, or, as I am satisfied, for
+any one of my men; nay, when we dismissed them, we gave her leave to
+take a great many things of value with her, which she would have been
+plundered of if I had not been so careful of her.
+
+We had now wealth enough not only to make us rich, but almost to have
+made a nation rich; and to tell you the truth, considering the costly
+things we took here, which we did not know the value of, and besides
+gold and silver and jewels,--I say, we never knew how rich we were;
+besides which we had a great quantity of bales of goods, as well
+calicoes as wrought silks, which, being for sale, were perhaps as a
+cargo of goods to answer the bills which might be drawn upon them for
+the account of the bride's portion; all which fell into our hands, with
+a great sum in silver coin, too big to talk of among Englishmen,
+especially while I am living, for reasons which I may give you
+hereafter.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[6] From _The King of the Pirates_.
+
+
+
+
+BARBAROSSA--KING OF THE CORSAIRS[7]
+
+E. HAMILTON CURREY, R.N.
+
+
+At the coming of spring Barbarossa was at sea again with thirty-two
+ships ready for any eventuality, his crews aflame with ardor for revenge
+against those by whom they had been so roughly handled. He chose for the
+scene of operations a place on the coast of Majorca some fifteen miles
+from Palma; from here he commanded the route of the Spaniards from their
+country to the African coast, and it was against this nation that he
+felt a great bitterness owing to recent events. Eagerly did the corsair
+and his men watch for the Spanish ships, the heavier vessels lying at
+anchor, but the light, swift galleys ranging and questing afar so that
+none might be missed. Very soon the vigilance of the Moslems was
+rewarded by the capture of a number of vessels, sent by Bernard de
+Mendoza laden with Turkish and Moorish slaves, destined to be utilized
+as rowers in the Spanish galleys. These men were hailed as a welcome
+reinforcement, and joyfully joined the forces of Kheyr-ed-Din when he
+moved on Minorca, captured the castle by a surprise assault, raided the
+surrounding country, and captured five thousand seven hundred
+Christians, amongst whom were eight hundred men who had been wounded in
+the attack on Tunis--all these unfortunates were sent to refill the
+bagnio of Algiers.
+
+This private war of revenge was, however, destined soon to come to an
+end, as Soliman the Magnificent in this year became involved in disputes
+with the Venetian Republic, and recalled "that veritable man of the
+sea," as Barbarossa had been described by Ibrahim, to Constantinople.
+
+In this city by the sea there had taken place a tragedy which, although
+it only involved the death of a single man, was nevertheless
+far-reaching in its consequences; for the man was none other than that
+great statesman Ibrahim, Grand Vizier, and the only trusted counsellor
+of the Padishah. He who had been originally a slave had risen step by
+step in the favor of his master until he arrived at the giddy eminence
+which he occupied at the time of his death. It is a somewhat curious
+commentary on the essentially democratic status of an autocracy that a
+man could thus rise to a position second only to that of the autocrat
+himself; and, in all probability, wielding quite as much power.
+
+Ibrahim had for years been treated by Soliman more as a brother than as
+a dependent, which, in spite of his Grand Viziership, he was in fact.
+They lived in the very closest communion, taking their meals together,
+and even sleeping in the same room, Soliman, a man of high intelligence
+himself, and a ruler who kept in touch with all the happenings which
+arose in his immense dominions, desiring always to have at hand the man
+whom he loved; from whom, with his amazing grip of political problems
+and endless fertility of resource, he was certain of sympathy and sound
+advice. But in an oriental despotism there are other forces at work
+besides those of _la haute politique_, and Ibrahim had one deadly enemy
+who was sworn to compass his destruction. The Sultana Roxalana was the
+light of the harem of the Grand Turk. This supremely beautiful woman,
+originally a Russian slave, was the object of the most passionate
+devotion on the part of Soliman; but she was as ambitious as she was
+lovely, and brooked no rival in the affections of Soliman, be that
+person man, woman, or child. In her hands the master of millions, the
+despot whose nod was death, became a submissive slave; the undisciplined
+passions of this headstrong woman swept aside from her path all those
+whom she suspected of sharing her influence, in no matter how remote a
+fashion. At her dictation had Soliman caused to be murdered his son
+Mustafa, a youth of the brightest promise, because, in his intelligence
+and his winning ways he threatened to eclipse Selim, the son of Roxalana
+herself.
+
+This woman possessed a strong natural intelligence, albeit she was
+totally uneducated; she saw and knew that Ibrahim was all-powerful with
+her lover, and this roused her jealousy to fever-heat. She was not
+possessed of a cool judgment, which would have told her that Ibrahim was
+a statesman dealing with the external affairs of the Sublime Porte, and
+that with her and with her affairs he neither desired, nor had he the
+power, to interfere. What, however, the Sultana did know was that in
+these same affairs of State her opinion was dust in the balance when
+weighed against that of the Grand Vizier.
+
+Soliman had that true attribute of supreme greatness, the unerring
+aptitude for the choice of the right man. He had picked out Ibrahim from
+among his immense entourage, and never once had he regretted his choice.
+As time went on and the intellect and power of the man became more and
+more revealed to his master, that sovereign left in his hands even such
+matters as despots are apt to guard most jealously. We have seen how, in
+spite of the murmurings of the whole of his capital, and the almost
+insubordinate attitude of his navy, he had persevered in the appointment
+of Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa, because the judgment of Ibrahim was in favor
+of its being carried out. This, to Roxalana, was gall and wormwood; well
+she knew that, as long as the Grand Vizier lived, her sovereignty was at
+best but a divided one. There was a point at which her blandishments
+stopped short; this was when she found that her opinion did not coincide
+with that of the minister. She was, as we have seen in the instance of
+her son, not a woman to stick at trifles, and she decided that Ibrahim
+must die.
+
+There could be no hole-and-corner business about this; he must die, and
+when his murder had been accomplished she would boldly avow to her lover
+what she had done and take the consequences, believing in her power over
+him to come scatheless out of the adventure. In those days, when human
+life was so cheap, she might have asked for the death of almost any one,
+and her whim would have been gratified by a lover who had not hesitated
+to put to death his own son at her dictation. But with Ibrahim it was
+another matter; he was the familiar of the Sultan, his _alter ego_ in
+fact. It says much for the nerve of the Sultana that she dared so
+greatly on this memorable and lamentable occasion.
+
+On March 5th, 1536, Ibrahim went to the royal seraglio, and, following
+his ancient custom, was admitted to the table of his master, sleeping
+after the meal at his side. At least so it was supposed, but none knew
+save those engaged in the murder what passed on that fatal night; the
+next day his dead body lay in the house of the Sultan.
+
+Across the floor of jasper, in that palace which was a fitting residence
+for one rightly known as "The Magnificent," the blood of Ibrahim flowed
+to the feet of Roxalana. The disordered clothing, the terrible
+expression of the face of the dead man, the gaping wounds which he had
+received, bore witness that there had taken place a grim struggle
+before that iron frame and splendid intellect had been leveled with the
+dust. This much leaked out afterwards, as such things will leak out, and
+then the Sultana took Soliman into her chamber and gazed up into his
+eyes. The man was stunned by the immensity of the calamity which had
+befallen him and his kingdom, but his manhood availed him not against
+the wiles of this Circe. Ibrahim had been foully done to death in his
+own palace, and this woman clinging so lovingly round his neck now was
+the murderess. The heart's blood of his best friend was coagulating on
+the threshold of his own apartment when he forgave her by whom his
+murder had been accomplished. This was the vengeance of Roxalana, and
+who shall say that it was not complete?
+
+The Ottoman Empire was the poorer by the loss of its greatest man, the
+jealousy of the Sultana was assuaged, the despot who had permitted this
+unavenged murder was still on the throne, thrall to the woman who had
+first murdered his son and then his friend and minister. But the deed
+carried with it the evil consequences which were only too likely to
+occur when so capable a head of the State was removed at so critical a
+time. Renewed strife was in the air, and endless squabbles between
+Venice and the Porte were taking place. With these we have no concern,
+but, in addition to other complaints, there were loud and continuous
+ones concerning the corsairs. Venice, "The Bride of the Sea," had
+neither rest nor peace; the pirates swarmed in Corfu, in Zante, in
+Candia, in Cephalonia, and the plunder and murder of the subjects of the
+Republic was the theme of the perpetual representations to the Sultan.
+The balance of advantage in this guerilla warfare was with the corsairs
+until Girolame Canale, a Venetian captain, seized one of the Moslem
+leaders known as "The Young Moor of Alexandria." The victory of Canale
+was somewhat an important one as he captured the galley of "The Young
+Moor" and four others; two more were sunk, and three hundred Janissaries
+and one thousand slaves fell into the hands of the Venetian commander.
+There being an absence of nice feeling on the part of the Venetians, the
+Janissaries were at once beheaded to a man.
+
+The whole story is an illustration of the extraordinary relations
+existing among the Mediterranean States at this time. Soliman the
+Magnificent, Sultan of Turkey, had lent three hundred of his
+Janissaries, his own picked troops, to assist the corsairs in their
+depredations on Venetian commerce. Having done this, and the Janissaries
+having been caught and summarily and rightly put to death as pirates,
+the Sultan, as soon as he heard of what had occurred, sent an
+ambassador, one Yonis Bey, to Venice to demand satisfaction for the
+insult passed upon him by the beheading of his own soldiers turned
+pirates. The conclusion of the affair was that the Venetians released
+"The Young Moor of Alexandria" as soon as he was cured of the eight
+wounds which he had received in the conflict, and sent him back to
+Africa with such of his galleys as were left. There was one rather
+comical incident in connection with this affair, which was that when
+Yonis Bey was on his way from Constantinople to Venice he was chased by
+a Venetian fleet, under the command of the Count Grandenico, and driven
+ashore. The Count was profuse in his apologies when he discovered that
+he had been chasing a live ambassador; but the occurrence so exasperated
+Soliman that he increased his demands in consequence.
+
+Barbarossa, who had spent his time harrying the Spaniards at sea ever
+since the fall of Tunis, was shortly to appear on the scene again. He
+received orders from the Sultan, and came as fast as a favoring wind
+would bring him. Kheyr-ed-Din had been doing well in the matter of
+slaves and plunder, but he knew that, with the backing of the Grand
+Turk, he would once again be in command of a fleet in which he might
+repeat his triumph of past years, and prove himself once more the
+indispensable "man of the sea."
+
+Soon after his arrival his ambitions were gratified, and he found
+himself with a fleet of one hundred ships. Since the death of Ibrahim,
+and the incident which terminated with the dispatch of Yonis Bey to
+Venice, the relations between the Grand Turk and the Venetian Republic
+had become steadily worse, and at last the Sultan declared war. On May
+17th, 1537, Soliman, accompanied by his two sons, Selim and Mohammed,
+left Constantinople. With the campaign conducted by the Sultan we are
+not concerned here; it was directed against the Ionian Islands, which
+had been in the possession of Venice since 1401. On August 18th Soliman
+laid siege to Corfu, and was disastrously beaten, re-embarking his men
+on September 7th, after losing thousands in a fruitless attack on the
+fortress. He returned to Constantinople utterly discomfited. It was the
+seventh campaign which the Sultan had conducted in person, but the first
+in which the ever-faithful Ibrahim had not been by his side.
+
+This defeat at the hands of the Venetians was not, however, the only
+humiliation which he was destined to experience in this disastrous year;
+for once again Doria, that scourge of the Moslem, was loose upon the
+seas, and was making his presence felt in the immediate neighborhood of
+Corfu, where the Turks had been defeated. On July 17th Andrea had left
+the port of Messina with twenty-five galleys, had captured ten richly
+laden Turkish ships, gutted and burned them. Kheyr-ed-Din was at sea at
+the time, but the great rivals were not destined to meet on this
+occasion. Instead of Barbarossa, Andrea fell in with Ali-Chabelli, the
+lieutenant of Sandjak Bey of Gallipoli. On July 22nd the Genoese admiral
+and the Turkish commander from the Dardanelles met to the southward of
+Corfu, off the small island of Paxo, and a smart action ensued. It
+ended in the defeat of Ali-Chabelli, whose galleys were captured and
+towed by Doria into Paxo. That veteran fighter was himself in the
+thickest of the fray, and, conspicuous in his crimson doublet, had been
+an object of attention to the marksmen of Chabelli during the entire
+action. In spite of the receipt of a severe wound in the knee, the
+admiral refused to go below until victory was assured. He was surrounded
+at this time by a devoted band of nobles sworn to defend the person of
+their admiral or to die in his defense. His portrait has been sketched
+for us at this time by the Dominican Friar, Padre Alberto Guglielmotto,
+author of "La guerra dei Pirati e la marina Pontifica dal 1500 al 1560."
+The description runs thus: "Andrea Doria was of lofty stature, his face
+oval in shape, forehead broad and commanding, his neck was powerful, his
+hair short, his beard long and fan-shaped, his lips were thin, his eyes
+bright and piercing."
+
+Once again had he defeated an officer of the Grand Turk; and it may be
+remarked that Ibrahim was probably quite right in the estimation, or
+rather in the lack of estimation, in which he held the sea-officers of
+his master, as they seem to have been deficient in every quality save
+that of personal valor, and in their encounters with Doria and the
+knights were almost invariably worsted. For the sake of Islam, for the
+prestige of the Moslem arms at sea, it was time that Barbarossa should
+take matters in hand once more.
+
+The autumn of this year 1537 proved that the old Sea-wolf had lost none
+of his cunning, that his followers were as terrible as ever. What did it
+seem to matter that Venetian and Catalan, Genoese and Frenchman,
+Andalusian and the dwellers in the Archipelago, were all banded together
+in league against this common foe? Did not the redoubtable Andrea range
+the seas in vain, and were not all the efforts of the Knights of Saint
+John futile, when the son of the renegado from Mitylene and his
+Christian wife put forth from the Golden Horn? What was the magic of
+this man, it was asked despairingly, that none seemed able to prevail
+against him? Had it not been currently reported that Carlos Quinto, the
+great Emperor, had driven him forth from Tunis a hunted fugitive, broken
+and penniless, with never a galley left, without one ducat in his
+pocket? Was he so different, then, from all the rest of mankind that his
+followers would stick to him in evil report as well as in the height of
+his prosperity? Men swore and women crossed themselves at the mention of
+his name.
+
+"Terrible as an army with banners," indeed, was Kheyr-ed-Din in this
+eventful summer: things had gone badly with the crescent flag, the
+Padishah was unapproachable in his palace, brooding perchance on that
+"might have been" had he not sold his honor and the life of his only
+friend to gratify the malice of a she-devil; those in attendance on the
+Sultan trembled, for the humor of the despot was black indeed.
+
+But "the veritable man of the sea" was in some sort to console him for
+that which he had lost; as never in his own history--and there was none
+else with which it could be compared--had the Corsair King made so
+fruitful a raid. He ravaged the coasts of the Adriatic and the islands
+of the Archipelago, sweeping in slaves by the thousand, and by the end
+of the year he had collected eighteen thousand in the arsenal at
+Stamboul. Great was the jubilation in Constantinople when the
+Admiralissimo himself returned from his last expedition against the
+infidel; stilled were the voices which hinted disaffection--who among
+them all could bring back four hundred thousand pieces of gold? What
+mariner could offer to the Grand Turk such varied and magnificent
+presents?
+
+Upon his arrival Barbarossa asked permission to kiss the threshold of
+the palace of the Sultan, which boon being graciously accorded to him,
+he made his triumphal entry. Two hundred captives clad in scarlet robes
+carried cups of gold and flasks of silver; behind them came thirty
+others, each staggering under an enormous purse of sequins; yet another
+two hundred brought collars of precious stones or bales of the choicest
+goods; and a further two hundred were laden with sacks of small coin.
+Certainly if Soliman the Magnificent had lost a Grand Vizier he had
+succeeded in finding an admiral!
+
+All through the earlier months of 1538 the dockyards of Constantinople
+hummed with a furious activity, for Soliman had decreed that the
+maritime campaign of this year was to begin with no less than one
+hundred and fifty ships. His admiral, however, did not agree with this
+decision; to the Viziers he raged and stormed. "Listen," he said, "O men
+of the land who understand naught of the happenings of the sea. By this
+time Saleh-Reis must have quitted Alexandria convoying to the Bosphorus
+twenty sail filled with the richest merchandise; should he fall in with
+the accursed Genoese, Doria, where then will be Saleh-Reis and his
+galleys and his convoy? I will tell you: the ships in Genoa, the galleys
+burned, Saleh-Reis and all his mariners chained to the rowers' bench."
+
+The Viziers trembled as men did when Barbarossa stormed and turned upon
+them those terrible eyes which knew neither fear nor pity. "We be but
+men," they answered, "and our lord the Sultan has so ordained it."
+
+"I have forty galleys," replied the corsair; "you have forty more. With
+these I will take the sea; but, mark you," he continued, softening
+somewhat, "you do right to fear the displeasure of the Sultan, and I
+also have no wish to encounter it; but vessels raised and equipped in a
+hurry will be of small use to me. In the name of Allah the compassionate
+and his holy Prophet give me my eighty galleys and let me go."
+
+In Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa sound strategical instinct went hand in hand
+with the desperate valor of the corsair. To dally in the Golden Horn
+while so rich a prey was at sea to be picked up by his Christian foes
+was altogether opposed to his instincts: never to throw away a chance in
+the game of life had ever been his guiding principle.
+
+Soliman, great man as he undoubtedly was, had not the adamantine
+hardness of character which enabled his admiral to risk all on the
+hazards of the moment; or possibly the Grand Turk was deficient in that
+clearness of strategical instinct which never in any circumstances
+foregoes a present advantage for something which may turn out well in a
+problematical future. Soliman, sore, sullen, and unapproachable, dwelt
+in his palace brooding over the misfortunes which had been his lot since
+the death of Ibrahim. Barbarossa, who so recently had lost practically
+all that he possessed, and who had reached an age at which most men have
+no hopes for the future, was as clear in intellect, as undaunted in
+spirit, as if he had been half a century younger: to be even once more
+with those by whom he had been defeated and dispossessed was the only
+thing now in his mind. The capture of Saleh-Reis and his convoy would be
+a triumph of which he could not bear to think. Further, it would add to
+the demoralization of the sea forces of the Sultan, which were sadly in
+need of some striking success after the defeats which had so recently
+been their portion. The Sultan had decided that one hundred and fifty
+ships were necessary; his admiral thought otherwise. There was too much
+at stake for him to dally at Constantinople; his fiery energy swept all
+before it, and in the end he had his way. On June 7th, 1538, he finally
+triumphed over the hesitations of the Viziers and put to sea with eighty
+sail.
+
+The Sultan, from his kiosk, the windows of which opened on the
+Bosphorus, counted the ships.
+
+"Only eighty sail; is that all?" he asked.
+
+The trembling Viziers prostrated themselves before him.
+
+"O our Lord, the Padishah," they cried, "Saleh-Reis comes from
+Alexandria with a rich convoy; somewhere lurking is Andrea Doria, the
+accursed; it was necessary, O Magnificent, to send succor."
+
+There was a pause, in which the hearts of men beat as do those who know
+not but that the next moment may be their last on earth.
+
+The Sultan stared from his window at the retreating ships in a silence
+like the silence of the grave. At last he turned:
+
+"So be it," he answered briefly; "but see to it that reinforcements do
+not lag upon the road."
+
+If there had been activity in the dockyards before it was as nothing to
+the strenuous work that was to be done henceforward.
+
+Before starting on this expedition Kheyr-ed-Din had made an innovation
+in the manning of some of the most powerful of his galleys, which was
+of the utmost importance, and which was to add enormously to the
+success of his future maritime enterprises. The custom had always been
+that the Ottoman galleys had been rowed by Christians, captured and
+enslaved; of course the converse was true in the galleys of their foes.
+There were, for the size of the vessels, an enormous number of men
+carried in the galleys of the sixteenth century, and an average craft of
+this description would have on board some four hundred men; of these,
+however, the proportion would be two hundred and fifty slaves to one
+hundred and fifty fighting men. That which Kheyr-ed-Din now insisted
+upon was that a certain proportion of his most powerful units should be
+rowed by Moslem fighting men, so that on the day of battle the oarsmen
+could join in the fray instead of remaining chained to their benches, as
+was the custom with the slaves. It is, however, an extraordinary
+testimony to the influence which the corsair had attained in
+Constantinople that he had been able to effect this change in the
+composition of some of his crews; it must have been done with the active
+coöperation of the Sultan, as no authority less potent than that of the
+sovereign himself could have induced free men to undertake the terrible
+toil of rower in a galley. This was reserved for the unfortunate slave
+on either side owing to the intolerable hardship of the life, and
+results, in the pace at which a galley proceeded through the water,
+were usually obtained by an unsparing use of the lash on the naked
+bodies of the rowers.
+
+This human material was used up in the most prodigal manner possible, as
+those in command had not the inducement of treating the rowers well,
+from that economic standpoint which causes a man to so use his beast of
+burden as to get the best work from him. In the galley, when a slave
+would row no more he was flung overboard and another was put in his
+place.
+
+The admiral, however, even when backed by the Padishah, could not man a
+large fleet of galleys with Moslem rowers, and, as there was a shortage
+in the matter of propelling power, his first business was to collect
+slaves, and for this purpose he visited the islands of the Archipelago.
+The lot of the unhappy inhabitants of these was indeed a hard one. They
+were nearer to the seat of the Moslem power than any other Christians;
+they were in those days totally unable to resist an attack in force, and
+in consequence were swept off in their thousands.
+
+Seven islands cover the entrance to the Gulf of Volo. The nearest to the
+coast is Skiathos, which is also the most important; it was defended by
+a castle built upon a rock. This castle was attacked by Barbarossa, who
+bombarded it for six days, carried it by assault, and massacred the
+garrison. He spared the lives of the inhabitants of the island, and by
+this means secured three thousand four hundred rowers for his galleys.
+He had to provide motor-power for the reinforcements which he expected.
+In July he was reinforced from Constantinople by ninety galleys, while
+from Egypt came Saleh-Reis, who had succeeded in avoiding the terrible
+Doria, with twenty more; the fleet was thus complete.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[7] From _Sea Wolves of the Mediterranean_.
+
+
+
+
+MORGAN AT PUERTO BELLO[8]
+
+JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Some may think that the French having deserted Captain Morgan, the
+English alone could not have sufficient courage to attempt such great
+actions as before. But Captain Morgan, who always communicated vigor
+with his words, infused such spirit into his men, as put them instantly
+upon new designs. He inspired them with the belief that the sole
+execution of his orders would be a certain means of obtaining great
+riches, which so influenced their minds, that with inimitable courage
+they all resolved to follow him, as did also a certain pirate of
+Campechy, on this occasion joined with Captain Morgan, to seek new
+fortunes under his conduct. Thus Captain Morgan in a few days gathered a
+fleet of nine sail, either ships or great boats, wherein he had four
+hundred and sixty military men.
+
+All things being ready, they put forth to sea, Captain Morgan imparting
+his design to nobody at present; he only told them on several occasions,
+that he doubted not to make a good fortune by that voyage, if strange
+occurrences happened not. They steered towards the continent, where
+they arrived in a few days near Costa Rica, all their fleet safe. No
+sooner had they discovered land but Captain Morgan declared his
+intentions to the captains, and presently after to the company. He told
+them he intended to plunder Puerto Bello by night, being resolved to put
+the whole city to the sack: and to encourage them he added, this
+enterprise could not fail, seeing he had kept it secret, without
+revealing it to anybody, whereby they could not have notice of his
+coming. To this proposition some answered, they had not a sufficient
+number of men to assault so strong and great a city. But Captain Morgan
+replied, "If our number is small, our hearts are great; and the fewer
+persons we are, the more union and better shares we shall have in the
+spoil." Hereupon, being stimulated with the hope of those vast riches
+they promised themselves from their success, they unanimously agreed to
+that design. Now, that my reader may better comprehend the boldness of
+this exploit, it may be necessary to say something beforehand of the
+city of Puerto Bello.
+
+This city is in the province of Costa Rica, 10 deg. north latitude,
+fourteen leagues from the gulf of Darien, and eight westwards from the
+port called Nombre de Dios. It is judged the strongest place the king of
+Spain possesses in all the West Indies, except Havanna and Carthagena.
+Here are two castles almost impregnable, that defend the city, situate
+at the entry of the port, so that no ship or boat can pass without
+permission. The garrison consists of three hundred soldiers, and the
+town is inhabited by four hundred families. The merchants dwell not
+here, but only reside a while, when the galleons come from or go for
+Spain, by reason of the unhealthiness of the air, occasioned by vapors
+from the mountains; so that though their chief warehouses are at Puerto
+Bello, their habitations are at Panama, whence they bring the plate upon
+mules when the fair begins, and when the ships belonging to the company
+of negroes arrive to sell slaves.
+
+Captain Morgan, who knew very well all the avenues of this city and the
+neighboring coasts, arrived in the evening with his men at Puerto de
+Naos, ten leagues to the west of Puerto Bello. Being come hither, they
+sailed up the river to another harbor called Puerto Pontin, where they
+anchored: here they put themselves into boats and canoes, leaving in the
+ships only a few men to bring them next day to the port. About midnight
+they came to a place called Estera longa Lemos, where they all went on
+shore and marched by land to the first posts of the city. They had in
+their company an Englishman, formerly a prisoner in those parts, who now
+served them for a guide. To him and three or four more they gave
+commission to take the sentinel, if possible, or kill him on the place:
+but they seized him so cunningly, as he had no time to give warning with
+his musket, or make any noise, and brought him, with his hands bound,
+to Captain Morgan, who asked him how things went in the city, and what
+forces they had; with other circumstances he desired to know. After
+every question they made him a thousand menaces to kill him, if he
+declared not the truth. Then they advanced to the city, carrying the
+said sentinel bound before them: having marched about a quarter of a
+league, they came to the castle near the city, which presently they
+closely surrounded, so that no person could get either in or out.
+
+Being posted under the walls of the castle, Captain Morgan commanded the
+sentinel, whom they had taken prisoner, to speak to those within,
+charging them to surrender to his discretion; otherwise they should all
+be cut in pieces, without quarter. But disregarding these threats, they
+began instantly to fire, which alarmed the city; yet notwithstanding,
+though the governor and soldiers of the said castle made as great
+resistance as could be, they were forced to surrender. Having taken the
+castle, Morgan resolved to be as good as his word, putting the Spaniards
+to the sword, thereby to strike a terror into the rest of the city.
+Whereupon, having shut up all the soldiers and officers as prisoners
+into one room, they set fire to the powder (whereof they found great
+quantity) and blew up the castle into the air, with all the Spaniards
+that were within. This done, they pursued the course of their victory,
+falling upon the city, which as yet was not ready to receive them. Many
+of the inhabitants cast their precious jewels and money into wells and
+cisterns, or hid them in places underground, to avoid as much as
+possible, being totally robbed. One of the party of pirates, assigned to
+this purpose, ran immediately to the cloisters, and took as many
+religious men and women as they could find. The governor of the city,
+not being able to rally the citizens, through their great confusion,
+retired to one of the castles remaining, and thence fired incessantly at
+the pirates: but these were not in the least negligent either to assault
+him, or defend themselves, so that amidst the horror of the assault,
+they made very few shots in vain; for aiming with great dexterity at the
+mouths of the guns, the Spaniards were certain to lose one or two men
+every time they charged each gun anew.
+
+The fight continued very furious from break of day till noon; indeed,
+about this time of the day the case was very dubious which party should
+conquer, or be conquered. At last, the pirates perceiving they had lost
+many men, and yet advanced but little towards gaining either this, or
+the other castles, made use of fire-balls, which they threw with their
+hands, designing to burn the doors of the castles. But the Spaniards
+from the walls let fall great quantities of stones, and earthen pots
+full of powder, and other combustible matter, which forced them to
+desist. Captain Morgan seeing this desperate defence made by the
+Spaniards, began to despair of success. Hereupon, many faint and calm
+meditations came into his mind; neither could he determine which way to
+turn himself in that strait. Being thus puzzled, he was suddenly
+animated to continue the assault, by seeing the English colors put forth
+at one of the lesser castles, then entered by his men; of whom he
+presently after spied a troop coming to meet him, proclaiming victory
+with loud shouts of joy. This instantly put him on new resolutions of
+taking the rest of the castles, especially seeing the chiefest citizens
+were fled to them, and had conveyed thither great part of their riches,
+with all the plate belonging to the churches and divine service.
+
+To this effect, he ordered ten or twelve ladders to be made in all
+haste, so broad, that three or four men at once might ascend them: these
+being finished, he commanded all the religious men and women, whom he
+had taken prisoners, to fix them against the walls of the castle. This
+he had before threatened the governor to do, if he delivered not the
+castle: but his answer was, "he would never surrender himself alive."
+Captain Morgan was persuaded the governor would not employ his utmost
+force, on seeing the religious women and ecclesiastical persons exposed
+in the front of the soldiers to the greatest danger. Thus the ladders,
+as I have said, were at once put into the hands of religious persons of
+both sexes, and these were forced, at the head of the companies, to
+raise and apply them to the walls. But Captain Morgan was fully
+deceived in his judgment of this design; for the governor, who acted
+like a brave soldier in performance of his duty, used his utmost
+endeavor to destroy whomsoever came near the walls. The religious men
+and women ceased not to cry to him, and beg of him, by all the saints of
+heaven, to deliver the castle, and spare both his and their own lives;
+but nothing could prevail with his obstinacy and fierceness. Thus many
+of the religious men and nuns were killed before they could fix the
+ladders; which at last being done, though with great loss of their
+number, the pirates mounted them in great numbers, and with reckless
+valor, having fire-balls in their hands, and earthen pots full of
+powder; which, being now at the top of the walls, they kindled and cast
+down among the Spaniards.
+
+This effort of the pirates was very great, insomuch that the Spaniards
+could not longer resist nor defend the castle, which was now entered.
+Hereupon they all threw down their arms, and craved quarter for their
+lives; only the governor of the city would crave no mercy, but killed
+many of the pirates with his own hands, and not a few of his own
+soldiers; because they did not stand to their arms. And though the
+pirates asked him if he would have quarter; yet he constantly answered,
+"By no means, I had rather die as a valiant soldier, than be hanged as a
+coward." They endeavored as much as they could to take him prisoner, but
+he defended himself so obstinately, that they were forced to kill him,
+notwithstanding all the cries and tears of his own wife and daughter,
+who begged him, on their knees, to demand quarter, and save his life.
+When the pirates had possessed themselves of the castle, which was about
+nightfall, they enclosed therein all the prisoners, placing the women
+and men by themselves, with some guards. The wounded were put in an
+apartment by themselves, that their own complaints might be the cure of
+their diseases; for no other was afforded them.
+
+This done, they fell to eating and drinking, and as usual, to committing
+all manner of debauchery and excess, so that fifty courageous men might
+easily have retaken the city, and killed all the pirates. Next day,
+having plundered all they could find, they examined some of the
+prisoners (who had been persuaded by their companions to say they were
+the richest of the town), charging them severely to discover where they
+had hid their riches and goods. Not being able to extort anything from
+them, they not being the right persons, it was resolved to torture them:
+this they did so cruelly, that many of them died on the rack, or
+presently after. Now the president of Panama being advertised of the
+pillage and ruin of Puerto Bello, he employed all his care and industry
+to raise forces to pursue and cast out the pirates thence; but these
+cared little for his preparations, having their ships at hand, and
+determining to fire the city, and retreat. They had now been at Puerto
+Bello fifteen days, in which time they had lost many of their men, both
+by the unhealthiness of the country, and their extravagant debaucheries.
+
+Hereupon, they prepared to depart, carrying on board all the pillage
+they had got, having first provided the fleet with sufficient victuals
+for the voyage. While these things were doing Captain Morgan demanded of
+the prisoners a ransom for the city, or else he would burn it down, and
+blow up all the castles; withal, he commanded them to send speedily two
+persons, to procure the sum, which was 100,000 pieces-of-eight. To this
+effect two men were sent to the president of Panama, who gave him an
+account of all. The president, having now a body of men ready, set forth
+towards Puerto Bello, to encounter the pirates before their retreat;
+but, they, hearing of his coming, instead of flying away, went out to
+meet him at a narrow passage, which he must pass: here they placed a
+hundred men, very well armed, which at the first encounter put to flight
+a good party of those of Panama. This obliged the president to retire
+for that time, not being yet in a posture of strength to proceed
+farther. Presently after, he sent a message to Captain Morgan, to tell
+him, "that if he departed not suddenly with all his forces from Puerto
+Bello, he ought to expect no quarter for himself, nor his companions,
+when he should take them, as he hoped soon to do." Captain Morgan, who
+feared not his threats, knowing he had a secure retreat in his ships,
+which were at hand, answered, "he would not deliver the castles, before
+he had received the contribution-money he had demanded; which if it were
+not paid down, he would certainly burn the whole city, and then leave
+it, demolishing beforehand the castles, and killing the prisoners."
+
+The governor of Panama perceived by this answer that no means would
+serve to mollify the hearts of the pirates, nor reduce them to reason:
+whereupon, he determined to leave the inhabitants of the city to make
+the best agreement they could. In a few days more the miserable citizens
+gathered the contributions required, and brought 100,000 pieces-of-eight
+to the pirates for their ransom. The president of Panama was much amazed
+that four hundred men could take such a great city, with so many strong
+castles, especially having no ordnance, wherewith to raise batteries,
+and, knowing the citizens of Puerto Bello had always great repute of
+being good soldiers themselves, who never wanted courage in their own
+defence. His astonishment was so great, that he sent to Captain Morgan,
+desiring some small pattern of those arms wherewith he had taken with
+such vigor so great a city. Captain Morgan received this messenger very
+kindly, and with great civility; and gave him a pistol, and a few small
+bullets, to carry back to the president his master; telling him, withal,
+"he desired him to accept that slender pattern of the arms wherewith he
+had taken Puerto Bello, and keep them for a twelvemonth; after which
+time he promised to come to Panama, and fetch them away."[9] The
+governor returned the present very soon to Captain Morgan, giving him
+thanks for the favor of lending him such weapons as he needed not; and,
+withal, sent him a ring of gold, with this message, "that he desired him
+not to give himself the labor of coming to Panama, as he had done to
+Puerto Bello: for he did assure him, he should not speed so well here,
+as he had done there."
+
+After this, Captain Morgan (having provided his fleet with all
+necessaries, and taken with him the best guns of the castles, nailing up
+the rest) set sail from Puerto Bello with all his ships, and arriving in
+a few days at Cuba, he sought out a place wherein he might quickly make
+the dividend of their spoil. They found in ready money 250,000
+pieces-of-eight, besides other merchandise; as cloth, linen, silks, etc.
+With this rich purchase they sailed thence to their common place of
+rendezvous, Jamaica. Being arrived, they passed here some time in all
+sorts of vices and debaucheries, according to their custom; spending
+very prodigally what others had gained with no small labor and toil.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[8] From _The Buccaneers of America_.
+
+[9] This promise was kept. See The Capture of Panama (footnote).
+
+
+
+
+THE WAYS OF THE BUCCANEERS[10]
+
+JOHN MASEFIELD after JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Throughout the years of buccaneering, the buccaneers often put to sea in
+canoas and periaguas, just as Drake put to sea in his three pinnaces.
+Life in an open boat is far from pleasant, but men who passed their
+leisure cutting logwood at Campeachy, or hoeing tobacco in Jamaica, or
+toiling over gramma grass under a hot sun after cattle, were not
+disposed to make the worst of things. They would sit contentedly upon
+the oar bench, rowing with a long, slow stroke for hours together
+without showing signs of fatigue. Nearly all of them were men of more
+than ordinary strength, and all of them were well accustomed to the
+climate. When they had rowed their canoa to the Main they were able to
+take it easy till a ship came by from one of the Spanish ports. If she
+seemed a reasonable prey, without too many guns, and not too high
+charged, or high built, the privateers would load their muskets, and row
+down to engage her. The best shots were sent into the bows, and excused
+from rowing, lest the exercise should cause their hands to tremble. A
+clever man was put to the steering oar, and the musketeers were bidden
+to sing out whenever the enemy yawed, so as to fire her guns. It was in
+action, and in action only, that the captain had command over his men.
+The steersman endeavored to keep the masts of the quarry in a line, and
+to approach her from astern. The marksmen from the bows kept up a
+continual fire at the vessel's helmsmen, if they could be seen, and at
+any gun-ports which happened to be open. If the helmsmen could not be
+seen from the sea, the canoas aimed to row in upon the vessel's
+quarters, where they could wedge up the rudder with wooden chocks or
+wedges. They then laid her aboard over the quarter, or by the after
+chains, and carried her with their knives and pistols. The first man to
+get aboard received some gift of money at the division of the spoil.
+
+When the prize was taken, the prisoners were questioned, and despoiled.
+Often, indeed, they were stripped stark naked, and granted the privilege
+of seeing their finery on a pirate's back. Each buccaneer had the right
+to take a shift of clothes out of each prize captured. The cargo was
+then rummaged, and the state of the ship looked to, with an eye to using
+her as a cruiser. As a rule, the prisoners were put ashore on the first
+opportunity, but some buccaneers had a way of selling their captives
+into slavery. If the ship were old, leaky, valueless, in ballast, or
+with a cargo useless to the rovers, she was either robbed of her guns,
+and turned adrift with her crew, or run ashore in some snug cove, where
+she could be burnt for the sake of the iron-work. If the cargo were of
+value, and, as a rule, the ships they took had some rich thing aboard
+them, they sailed her to one of the Dutch, French or English
+settlements, where they sold her freight for what they could get--some
+tenth or twentieth of its value. If the ship were a good one, in good
+condition, well found, swift, and not of too great draught (for they
+preferred to sail in small ships), they took her for their cruiser as
+soon as they had emptied out her freight. They sponged and loaded her
+guns, brought their stores aboard her, laid their mats upon her deck,
+secured the boats astern, and sailed away in search of other plunder.
+They kept little discipline aboard their ships. What work had to be done
+they did, but works of supererogation they despised and rejected as a
+shade unholy. The night watches were partly orgies. While some slept,
+the others fired guns and drank to the health of their fellows. By the
+light of the binnacle, or by the light of the slush lamps in the cabin,
+the rovers played a hand at cards, or diced each other at "seven and
+eleven," using a pannikin as dice-box. While the gamblers cut and
+shuffled, and the dice rattled in the tin, the musical sang songs, the
+fiddlers set their music chuckling, and the seaboots stamped approval.
+The cunning dancers showed their science in the moonlight, avoiding the
+sleepers if they could. In this jolly fashion were the nights made
+short. In the daytime, the gambling continued with little intermission;
+nor had the captain any authority to stop it. One captain, in the
+histories, was so bold as to throw the dice and cards overboard, but, as
+a rule, the captain of a buccaneer cruiser was chosen as an artist, or
+navigator, or as a lucky fighter. He was not expected to spoil sport.
+The continual gambling nearly always led to fights and quarrels. The
+lucky dicers often won so much that the unlucky had to part with all
+their booty. Sometimes a few men would win all the plunder of the
+cruise, much to the disgust of the majority, who clamored for a
+redivision of the spoil. If two buccaneers got into a quarrel they
+fought it out on shore at the first opportunity, using knives, swords,
+or pistols, according to taste. The usual way of fighting was with
+pistols, the combatants standing back to back, at a distance of ten or
+twelve paces, and turning round to fire at the word of command. If both
+shots missed, the question was decided with cutlasses, the man who drew
+first blood being declared the winner. If a man were proved to be a
+coward he was either tied to the mast, and shot, or mutilated, and sent
+ashore. No cruise came to an end until the company declared themselves
+satisfied with the amount of plunder taken. The question, like all other
+important questions, was debated round the mast, and decided by vote.
+
+At the conclusion of a successful cruise, they sailed for Port Royal,
+with the ship full of treasure, such as vicuna wool, packets of pearls
+from the Hatch, jars of civet or of ambergris, boxes of "marmalett" and
+spices, casks of strong drink, bales of silk, sacks of chocolate and
+vanilla, and rolls of green cloth and pale blue cotton which the Indians
+had woven in Peru, in some sandy village near the sea, in sight of the
+pelicans and the penguins. In addition to all these things, they usually
+had a number of the personal possessions of those they had taken on the
+seas. Lying in the chests for subsequent division were swords,
+silver-mounted pistols, daggers chased and inlaid, watches from Spain,
+necklaces of uncut jewels, rings and bangles, heavy carved furniture,
+"cases of bottles" of delicately cut green glass, containing cordials
+distilled of precious mints, with packets of emeralds from Brazil,
+bezoar stones from Patagonia, paintings from Spain, and medicinal gums
+from Nicaragua. All these things were divided by lot at the main-mast as
+soon as the anchor held. As the ship, or ships, neared port, her men
+hung colors out--any colors they could find--to make their vessel gay. A
+cup of drink was taken as they sailed slowly home to moorings, and as
+they drank they fired off the cannon, "bullets and all," again and yet
+again, rejoicing as the bullets struck the water. Up in the bay, the
+ships in the harbor answered with salutes of cannon; flags were dipped
+and hoisted in salute; and so the anchor dropped in some safe reach, and
+the division of the spoil began.
+
+After the division of the spoil in the beautiful Port Royal harbor, in
+sight of the palm-trees and the fort with the colors flying, the
+buccaneers packed their gear, and dropped over the side into a boat.
+They were pulled ashore by some grinning black man with a scarlet scarf
+about his head and the brand of a hot iron on his shoulders. At the
+jetty end, where the Indians lounged at their tobacco and the
+fishermen's canoas rocked, the sunburnt pirates put ashore. Among the
+noisy company which always gathers on a pier they met with their
+companions. A sort of Roman triumph followed, as the "happily returned"
+lounged swaggeringly towards the taverns. Eager hands helped them to
+carry in their plunder. In a few minutes the gang was entering the
+tavern, the long, cool room with barrels round the walls, where there
+were benches and a table and an old blind fiddler jerking his elbow at a
+jig. Noisily the party ranged about the table, and sat themselves upon
+the benches, while the drawers, or potboys, in their shirts, drew near
+to take the orders. I wonder if the reader has ever heard a sailor in
+the like circumstance, five minutes after he has touched his pay,
+address a company of parasites in an inn with the question: "What's it
+going to be?"
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[10] From _Buccaneer Customs on the Spanish Main_.
+
+
+
+
+A TRUE ACCOUNT OF THREE NOTORIOUS PIRATES[11]
+
+HOWARD PYLE, ED.
+
+
+I
+
+CAPTAIN TEACH _alias_ BLACK-BEARD
+
+Edward Teach was a Bristol man born, but had sailed some time out of
+Jamaica, in privateers, in the late French war; yet though he had often
+distinguished himself for his uncommon boldness and personal courage, he
+was never raised to any command, till he went a-pirating, which, I
+think, was at the latter end of the year 1716, when Captain Benjamin
+Hornygold put him into a sloop that he had made prize of, and with whom
+he continued in consortship till a little while before Hornygold
+surrendered.
+
+In the spring of the year 1717 Teach and Hornygold sailed from
+Providence, for the main of America, and took in their way a billop from
+the Havana, with 120 barrels of flour, as also a sloop from Bermuda,
+Thurbar master, from whom they took only some gallons of wine, and then
+let him go; and a ship from Madeira to South Carolina, out of which they
+got plunder to a considerable value.
+
+After cleaning on the coast of Virginia, they returned to the West
+Indies, and in the latitude of 24, made prize of a large French
+Guineaman, bound to Martinico, which, by Hornygold's consent, Teach went
+aboard of as captain, and took a cruise in her. Hornygold returned with
+his sloop to Providence, where, at the arrival of Captain Rogers, the
+governor, he surrendered to mercy, pursuant to the king's proclamation.
+
+Aboard of this Guineaman Teach mounted forty guns, and named her the
+_Queen Ann's Revenge_; and cruising near the island of St. Vincent, took
+a large ship, called the _Great Allen_, Christopher Taylor, commander;
+the pirates plundered her of what they thought fit, put all the men
+ashore upon the island above mentioned, and set fire to the ship.
+
+A few days after Teach fell in with the _Scarborough_, man-of-war, of
+thirty guns, who engaged him for some hours; but she, finding the pirate
+well-manned, and having tried her strength, gave over the engagement and
+returned to Barbadoes, the place of her station, and Teach sailed
+towards the Spanish America.
+
+In this way he met with a pirate sloop of ten guns, commanded by one
+Major Bonnet, lately a gentleman of good reputation and estate in the
+island of Barbadoes, whom he joined; but in a few days after, Teach,
+finding that Bonnet knew nothing of a maritime life, with the consent of
+his own men, put in another captain, one Richards, to command Bonnet's
+sloop, and took the Major on board his own ship, telling him, that as he
+had not been used to the fatigues and care of such a post, it would be
+better for him to decline it and live easy, at his pleasure, in such a
+ship as his, where he would not be obliged to perform the necessary
+duties of a sea-voyage.
+
+At Turniff, ten leagues short of the Bay of Honduras, the pirates took
+in fresh water, and while they were at anchor there, they saw a sloop
+coming in, whereupon Richards, in the sloop called the _Revenge_,
+slipped his cable and run out to meet her; who, upon seeing the black
+flag hoisted, struck his sail and came to under the stern of Teach, the
+commodore. She was called the _Adventure_, from Jamaica, David Harriot,
+master. They took him and his men aboard the great ship, and sent a
+number of other hands with Israel Hands, master of Teach's ship, to man
+the sloop for the piratical account.
+
+The 9th of April they weighed from Turniff, having lain there about a
+week, and sailed to the bay, where they found a ship and four sloops;
+three of the latter belonged to Jonathan Bernard, of Jamaica, and the
+other to Captain James. The ship was of Boston, called the _Protestant
+Cæsar_, Captain Wyar, commander. Teach hoisted his black colors and
+fired a gun, upon which Captain Wyar and all his men left their ship and
+got ashore in their boat. Teach's quartermaster and eight of his crew
+took possession of Wyar's ship, and Richards secured all the sloops, one
+of which they burnt out of spite to the owner. The _Protestant Cæsar_
+they also burnt, after they had plundered her, because she belonged to
+Boston, where some men had been hanged for piracy, and the three sloops
+belonging to Bernard they let go.
+
+From hence the rovers sailed to Turkill, and then to the Grand Caimanes,
+a small island about thirty leagues to the westward of Jamaica, where
+they took a small turtler, and so to the Havana, and from thence to the
+Bahama Wrecks; and from the Bahama Wrecks they sailed to Carolina,
+taking a brigantine and two sloops in their way, where they lay off the
+bar of Charles Town for five or six days. They took here a ship as she
+was coming out, bound for London, commanded by Robert Clark, with some
+passengers on board for England. The next day they took another vessel
+coming out of Charles Town, and also two pinks coming into Charles Town;
+likewise a brigantine with fourteen negroes aboard; all of which, being
+done in the face of the town, struck so great a terror to the whole
+province of Carolina, having just before been visited by Vane, another
+notorious pirate, that they abandoned themselves to despair, being in no
+condition to resist their force. There were eight sail in the harbor,
+ready for the sea, but none dared to venture out, it being almost
+impossible to escape their hands. The inward bound vessels were under
+the same unhappy dilemma, so that the trade of this place was totally
+interrupted. What made these misfortunes heavier to them was a long,
+expensive war the colony had had with the natives, which was but just
+ended when these robbers infested them.
+
+Teach detained all the ships and prisoners, and, being in want of
+medicines, resolved to demand a chest from the government of the
+province. Accordingly, Richards, the captain of the _Revenge_ sloop,
+with two or three more pirates, were sent up along with Mr. Marks, one
+of the prisoners whom they had taken in Clark's ship, and very
+insolently made their demands, threatening that if they did not send
+immediately the chest of medicines and let the pirate ambassadors
+return, without offering any violence to their persons, they would
+murder all their prisoners, send up their heads to the governor, and set
+the ships they had taken on fire.
+
+Whilst Mr. Marks was making application to the council, Richards and the
+rest of the pirates walked the streets publicly in the sight of all
+people, who were fired with the utmost indignation, looking upon them as
+robbers and murderers, and particularly the authors of their wrongs and
+oppressions, but durst not so much as think of executing their revenge
+for fear of bringing more calamities upon themselves, and so they were
+forced to let the villains pass with impunity. The government was not
+long in deliberating upon the message, though it was the greatest
+affront that could have been put upon them, yet, for the saving so many
+men's lives (among them Mr. Samuel Wragg, one of the council), they
+complied with the necessity and sent aboard a chest, valued at between
+three and four hundred pounds, and the pirates went back safe to their
+ships.
+
+Black-beard (for so Teach was generally called, as we shall hereafter
+show), as soon as he had received the medicines and his brother rogues,
+let go the ships and the prisoners, having first taken out of them in
+gold and silver about £1,500 sterling, besides provisions and other
+matters.
+
+From the bar of Charles Town they sailed to North Carolina, Captain
+Teach in the ship, which they called the man-of-war, Captain Richards
+and Captain Hands in the sloops, which they termed privateers, and
+another sloop serving them as a tender. Teach began now to think of
+breaking up the company and securing the money and the best of the
+effects for himself and some others of his companions he had most
+friendship for, and to cheat the rest. Accordingly, on pretense of
+running into Topsail inlet to clean, he grounded his ship, and then, as
+if it had been done undesignedly and by accident, he orders Hands' sloop
+to come to his assistance and get him off again, which he, endeavoring
+to do, ran the sloop on shore near the other, and so were both lost.
+This done, Teach goes into the tender sloop, with forty hands, and
+leaves the _Revenge_ there, then takes seventeen others and maroons them
+upon a small sandy island, about a league from the main, where there was
+neither bird, beast, or herb for their subsistence, and where they must
+have perished if Major Bonnet had not, two days after, taken them off.
+
+Teach goes up to the governor of North Carolina, with about twenty of
+his men, and they surrender to his Majesty's proclamation, and receive
+certificates thereof from his Excellency; but it did not appear that
+their submitting to this pardon was from any reformation of manners, but
+only to await a more favorable opportunity to play the same game over
+again; which he soon after effected, with greater security to himself,
+and with much better prospect of success, having in this time cultivated
+a very good understanding with Charles Eden, Esq., the governor above
+mentioned.
+
+The first piece of service this kind governor did to Black-beard was to
+give him a right to the vessel which he had taken when he was a-pirating
+in the great ship called the _Queen Ann's Revenge_, for which purpose a
+court of vice-admiralty was held at Bath Town, and, though Teach had
+never any commission in his life, and the sloop belonging to the English
+merchants, and taken in time of peace, yet was she condemned as a prize
+taken from the Spaniards by the said Teach. These proceedings show that
+governors are but men.
+
+Before he sailed upon his adventures, he married a young creature of
+about sixteen years of age, the governor performing the ceremony. As it
+is a custom to marry here by a priest, so it is there by a magistrate;
+and this, I have been informed, made Teach's fourteenth wife whereof
+about a dozen might be still living.
+
+In June, 1718, he went to sea upon another expedition, and steered his
+course towards Bermudas. He met with two or three English vessels in his
+way, but robbed them only of provisions, stores, and other necessaries,
+for his present expense; but near the island before mentioned, he fell
+in with two French ships, one of them was laden with sugar and cocoa,
+and the other light, both bound to Martinico. The ship that had no
+lading he let go, and putting all the men of the loaded ship aboard her,
+he brought home the other with her cargo to North Carolina, where the
+governor and the pirates shared the plunder.
+
+When Teach and his prize arrived he and four of his crew went to his
+Excellency and made affidavit that they found the French ship at sea
+without a soul on board her; and then a court was called, and the ship
+condemned. The governor had sixty hogsheads of sugar for his dividend,
+and one Mr. Knight, who was his secretary and collector for the
+province, twenty, and the rest was shared among the other pirates.
+
+The business was not yet done; the ship remained, and it was possible
+one or other might come into the river that might be acquainted with
+her, and so discover the roguery. But Teach thought of a contrivance to
+prevent this, for, upon a pretence that she was leaky, and that she
+might sink, and so stop up the mouth of the inlet or cove where she lay,
+he obtained an order from the governor to bring her out into the river
+and set her on fire, which was accordingly executed, and she was burnt
+down to the water's edge, her bottom sunk, and with it their fears of
+her ever rising in judgment against them.
+
+Captain Teach, alias Black-beard, passed three or four months in the
+river, sometimes lying at anchor in the coves, at other times sailing
+from one inlet to another, trading with such sloops as he met for the
+plunder he had taken, and would often give them presents for stores and
+provisions he took from them; that is, when he happened to be in a
+giving humor; at other times he made bold with them, and took what he
+liked, without saying "By your leave," knowing well they dared not send
+him a bill for the payment. He often diverted himself with going ashore
+among the planters, where he revelled night and day. By these he was
+well received, but whether out of love or fear I cannot say. Sometimes
+he used them courteously enough, and made them presents of rum and sugar
+in recompense of what he took from them; but, as for liberties, which it
+is said he and his companions often took with the wives and daughters of
+the planters, I cannot take upon me to say whether he paid them _ad
+valorem_ or no. At other times he carried it in a lordly manner towards
+them, and would lay some of them under contribution; nay, he often
+proceeded to bully the governor, not that I can discover the least
+cause of quarrel between them, but it seemed only to be done to show he
+dared do it.
+
+The sloops trading up and down this river being so frequently pillaged
+by Black-beard, consulted with the traders and some of the best planters
+what course to take. They saw plainly it would be in vain to make an
+application to the governor of North Carolina, to whom it properly
+belonged to find some redress; so that if they could not be relieved
+from some other quarter, Black-beard would be like to reign with
+impunity; therefore, with as much secrecy as possible, they sent a
+deputation to Virginia, to lay the affair before the governor of that
+colony, and to solicit an armed force from the men-of-war lying there to
+take or destroy this pirate.
+
+This governor consulted with the captains of the two men-of-war, viz.,
+the _Pearl_ and _Lime_, who had lain in St. James's river about ten
+months. It was agreed that the governor should hire a couple of small
+sloops, and the men-of-war should man them. This was accordingly done,
+and the command of them given to Mr. Robert Maynard, first lieutenant of
+the _Pearl_, an experienced officer, and a gentleman of great bravery
+and resolution, as will appear by his gallant behavior in this
+expedition. The sloops were well manned, and furnished with ammunition
+and small arms, but had no guns mounted.
+
+About the time of their going out the governor called an assembly, in
+which it was resolved to publish a proclamation, offering certain
+rewards to any person or persons who, within a year after that time,
+should take or destroy any pirate. The original proclamation, being in
+our hands, is as follows:--
+
+
+     By his Majesty's Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the
+                      Colony and Dominion of Virginia.
+
+                              A PROCLAMATION,
+
+     Publishing the Rewards given for apprehending or killing Pirates.
+
+    WHEREAS, by an Act of Assembly, made at a Session of Assembly, begun
+    at the capital in Williamsburg, the eleventh day of November, in the
+    fifth year of his Majesty's reign, entitled, An Act to Encourage the
+    Apprehending and Destroying of Pirates: It is, amongst other things,
+    enacted, that all and every person, or persons, who, from and after
+    the fourteenth day of November, in the Year of our Lord one thousand
+    seven hundred and eighteen, and before the fourteenth day of
+    November, which shall be in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven
+    hundred and nineteen, shall take any pirate, or pirates, on the sea
+    or land, or, in case of resistance, shall kill any such pirate, or
+    pirates, between the degrees of thirty-four and thirty-nine of
+    northern latitude, and within one hundred leagues of the continent
+    of Virginia, or within the provinces of Virginia, or North Carolina,
+    upon the conviction, or making due proof of the killing of all and
+    every such pirate, and pirates, before the Governor and Council,
+    shall be entitled to have, and receive out of the public money, in
+    the hands of the Treasurer of this Colony, the several rewards
+    following: that is to say, for Edward Teach, commonly called Captain
+    Teach, or Black-beard, one hundred pounds; for every other
+    commander of a pirate ship, sloop, or vessel, forty pounds; for
+    every lieutenant, master, or quartermaster, boatswain, or carpenter,
+    twenty pounds; for every other inferior officer, fifteen pounds; and
+    for every private man taken on board such ship, sloop, or vessel,
+    ten pounds; and that for every pirate which shall be taken by any
+    ship, sloop, or vessel, belonging to this colony, or North Carolina,
+    within the time aforesaid, in any place whatsoever, the like rewards
+    shall be paid according to the quality and condition of such
+    pirates. Wherefore, for the encouragement of all such persons as
+    shall be willing to serve his Majesty, and their country, in so just
+    and honourable an undertaking as the suppressing a sort of people
+    who may be truly called enemies to mankind: I have thought fit, with
+    the advice and consent of his Majesty's Council, to issue this
+    Proclamation, hereby declaring the said rewards shall be punctually
+    and justly paid, in current money of Virginia, according to the
+    directions of the said Act. And I do order and appoint this
+    proclamation to be published by the sheriffs at their respective
+    country houses, and by all ministers and readers in the several
+    churches and chapels throughout this colony.
+
+       Given at our Council-Chamber at Williamsburgh, this
+           24th day of November, 1718, in the fifth year of
+           his Majesty's reign.
+               GOD SAVE THE KING.
+                                                         A. SPOTSWOOD.
+
+The 17th of November, 1718, the lieutenant sailed from Kicquetan, in
+James river in Virginia, and the 31st, in the evening, came to the mouth
+of Okerecock inlet, where he got sight of the pirate. This expedition
+was made with all imaginable secrecy, and the officer managed with all
+the prudence that was necessary, stopping all boats and vessels he met
+with in the river from going up, and thereby preventing any intelligence
+from reaching Black-beard, and receiving at the same time an account
+from them all of the place where the pirate was lurking. But
+notwithstanding this caution, Black-beard had information of the design
+from his Excellency of the province; and his secretary, Mr. Knight,
+wrote him a letter particularly concerning it, intimating "that he had
+sent him four of his men, which were all he could meet with in or about
+town, and so bid him be upon his guard." These men belonged to
+Black-beard, and were sent from Bath Town to Okerecock inlet, where the
+sloop lay, which is about twenty leagues.
+
+Black-beard had heard several reports, which happened not to be true,
+and so gave the less credit to this advice; nor was he convinced till he
+saw the sloops. Then it was time to put his vessel in a posture of
+defense. He had no more than twenty-five men on board, though he gave
+out to all the vessels he spoke with that he had forty. When he had
+prepared for battle he sat down and spent the night in drinking with the
+master of a trading sloop, who, it was thought, had more business with
+Teach than he should have had.
+
+Lieutenant Maynard came to an anchor, for the place being shoal, and the
+channel intricate, there was no getting in where Teach lay that night;
+but in the morning he weighed, and sent his boat ahead of the sloops to
+sound, and coming within gun-shot of the pirate, received his fire;
+whereupon Maynard hoisted the king's colors, and stood directly towards
+him with the best way that his sails and oars could make. Black-beard
+cut his cable, and endeavored to make a running fight, keeping a
+continual fire at his enemies with his guns. Mr. Maynard, not having
+any, kept a constant fire with small arms, while some of his men labored
+at their oars. In a little time Teach's sloop ran aground, and Mr.
+Maynard's, drawing more water than that of the pirate, he could not come
+near him; so he anchored within half gun-shot of the enemy, and, in
+order to lighten his vessel, that he might run him aboard, the
+lieutenant ordered all his ballast to be thrown overboard, and all the
+water to be staved, and then weighed and stood for him; upon which
+Black-beard hailed him in this rude manner: "Damn you for villains, who
+are you; and from whence came you?" The lieutenant made him answer, "You
+may see by our colors we are no pirates." Black-beard bid him send his
+boat on board that he might see who he was; but Mr. Maynard replied
+thus: "I cannot spare my boat, but I will come aboard of you as soon as
+I can with my sloop." Upon this Black-beard took a glass of liquor, and
+drank to him with these words: "Damnation seize my soul if I give you
+quarter, or take any from you." In answer to which Mr. Maynard told him
+"that he expected no quarter from him, nor should he give him any."
+
+By this time Black-beard's sloop fleeted as Mr. Maynard's sloops were
+rowing towards him, which being not above a foot high in the waist, and
+consequently the men all exposed, as they came near together (there
+being hitherto little or no execution done on either side), the pirate
+fired a broadside charged with all manner of small shot. A fatal stroke
+to them!--the sloop the lieutenant was in having twenty men killed and
+wounded, and the other sloop nine. This could not be helped, for there
+being no wind, they were obliged to keep to their oars, otherwise the
+pirate would have got away from him, which it seems, the lieutenant was
+resolute to prevent.
+
+After this unlucky blow Black-beard's sloop fell broadside to the shore;
+Mr. Maynard's other sloop, which was called the _Ranger_, fell astern,
+being for the present disabled. So the lieutenant, finding his own sloop
+had way and would soon be on board of Teach, he ordered all his men
+down, for fear of another broadside, which must have been their
+destruction and the loss of their expedition. Mr. Maynard was the only
+person that kept the deck, except the man at the helm, whom he directed
+to lie down snug, and the men in the hold were ordered to get their
+pistols and their swords ready for close fighting, and to come up at his
+command; in order to which two ladders were placed in the hatchway for
+the more expedition. When the lieutenant's sloop boarded the other
+Captain Teach's men threw in several new-fashioned sort of grenades,
+viz., case-bottles filled with powder and small shot, slugs, and pieces
+of lead or iron, with a quick-match in the mouth of it, which, being
+lighted without side, presently runs into the bottle to the powder, and,
+as it is instantly thrown on board, generally does great execution
+besides putting all the crew into a confusion. But, by good Providence,
+they had not that effect here, the men being in the hold. Black-beard,
+seeing few or no hands aboard, told his men "that they were all knocked
+to head, except three or four; and therefore," says he, "let's jump on
+board and cut them to pieces."
+
+Whereupon, under the smoke of one of the bottles just mentioned,
+Black-beard enters with fourteen men over the bows of Maynard's sloop,
+and were not seen by him until the air cleared. However, he just then
+gave a signal to his men, who all rose in an instant, and attacked the
+pirates with as much bravery as ever was done upon such an occasion.
+Black-beard and the lieutenant fired the first shots at each other, by
+which the pirate received a wound, and then engaged with swords, till
+the lieutenant's unluckily broke, and stepping back to cock a pistol,
+Black-beard, with his cutlass, was striking at that instant that one of
+Maynard's men gave him a terrible wound in the neck and throat, by which
+the lieutenant came off with only a small cut over his fingers.
+
+They were now closely and warmly engaged, the lieutenant and twelve men
+against Black-beard and fourteen, till the sea was tinctured with blood
+round the vessel. Black-beard received a shot into his body from the
+pistol that Lieutenant Maynard discharged, yet he stood his ground, and
+fought with great fury till he received five-and-twenty wounds, and five
+of them by shot. At length, as he was cocking another pistol, having
+fired several before, he fell down dead; by which time eight more out of
+the fourteen dropped, and all the rest, much wounded, jumped overboard
+and called out for quarter, which was granted, though it was only
+prolonging their lives a few days. The sloop _Ranger_ came up and
+attacked the men that remained in Black-beard's sloop with equal
+bravery, till they likewise cried for quarter.
+
+Here was an end of that courageous brute, who might have passed in the
+world for a hero had he been employed in a good cause.
+
+The lieutenant caused Black-beard's head to be severed from his body,
+and hung up at the boltsprit end; then he sailed to Bath Town, to get
+relief for his wounded men.
+
+In rummaging the pirate's sloop, they found several letters and written
+papers, which discovered the correspondence between Governor Eden, the
+secretary and collector, and also some traders at New York, and
+Black-beard. It is likely he had regard enough for his friends to have
+destroyed these papers before action, in order to hinder them from
+falling into such hands, where the discovery would be of no use either
+to the interest or reputation of these fine gentlemen, if it had not
+been his fixed resolution to have blown up together, when he found no
+possibility of escaping.
+
+When the lieutenant came to Bath Town, he made bold to seize from the
+governor's storehouse the sixty hogsheads of sugar, and from honest Mr.
+Knight, twenty; which it seems was their dividend of the plunder taken
+in the French ship. The latter did not survive this shameful discovery,
+for, being apprehensive that he might be called to an account for these
+trifles, fell sick, it is thought, with the fright, and died in a few
+days.
+
+After the wounded men were pretty well recovered, the lieutenant sailed
+back to the men-of-war in James River, in Virginia, with Black-beard's
+head still hanging at the boltsprit end, and fifteen prisoners, thirteen
+of whom were hanged, it appearing, upon trial, that one of them, viz.,
+Samuel Odell, was taken out of the trading sloop but the night before
+the engagement. This poor fellow was a little unlucky at his first
+entering upon his new trade, there appearing no less than seventy wounds
+upon him after the action; notwithstanding which he lived and was cured
+of them all. The other person that escaped the gallows was one Israel
+Hands, the master of Black-beard's sloop, and formerly captain of the
+same, before the _Queen Ann's Revenge_ was lost in Topsail inlet.
+
+The aforesaid Hands happened not to be in the fight, but was taken
+afterwards ashore at Bath Town, having been sometime before disabled by
+Black-beard, in one of his savage humors, after the following manner:
+One night, drinking in his cabin with Hands, the pilot, and another man,
+Black-beard, without any provocation, privately draws out a small pair
+of pistols, and cocks them under the table, which being perceived by the
+man, he withdrew and went upon deck, leaving Hands, the pilot, and the
+captain together. When the pistols were ready he blew out the candle,
+and, crossing his hands, discharged them at his company; Hands, the
+master, was shot through the knee and lamed for life, the other pistol
+did no execution. Being asked the meaning of this, he only answered by
+damning them, that "if he did not now and then kill one of them, they
+would forget who he was."
+
+Hands being taken, was tried and condemned, but just as he was about to
+be executed a ship arrived at Virginia with a proclamation for
+prolonging the time of his Majesty's pardon to such of the pirates as
+should surrender by a limited time therein expressed. Notwithstanding
+the sentence, Hands pleaded the pardon, and was allowed the benefit of
+it, and was alive some time ago in London, begging his bread.
+
+Now that we have given some account of Teach's life and actions, it
+will not be amiss that we speak of his beard, since it did not a little
+contribute towards making his name so terrible in those parts.
+
+Plutarch and other grave historians have taken notice that several great
+men amongst the Romans took their surnames from certain odd marks in
+their countenances--as Cicero, from a mark, or vetch, on his nose--so
+our hero, Captain Teach, assumed the cognomen of Black-beard, from that
+large quantity of hair which, like a frightful meteor, covered his whole
+face, and frightened America more than any comet that has appeared there
+a long time.
+
+This beard was black, which he suffered to grow of an extravagant
+length; as to breadth, it came up to his eyes. He was accustomed to
+twist it with ribbons, in small tails, after the manner of our Ramilie
+wigs, and turn them about his ears. In time of action he wore a sling
+over his shoulders, with three brace of pistols hanging in holsters like
+bandoliers, and stuck lighted matches under his hat, which, appearing on
+each side of his face, his eyes naturally looking fierce and wild, made
+him altogether such a figure that imagination cannot form an idea of a
+fury from hell to look more frightful.
+
+If he had the look of a fury, his humors and passions were suitable to
+it.
+
+In the commonwealth of pirates, he who goes the greatest length of
+wickedness is looked upon with a kind of envy amongst them as a person
+of a more extraordinary gallantry, and is thereby entitled to be
+distinguished by some post, and if such a one has but courage, he must
+certainly be a great man. The hero of whom we are writing was thoroughly
+accomplished this way, and some of his frolics of wickedness were so
+extravagant, as if he aimed at making his men believe he was a devil
+incarnate; for being one day at sea, and a little flushed with drink,
+"Come," says he, "let us make a hell of our own, and try how long we can
+bear it." Accordingly he, with two or three others, went down into the
+hold, and closing up all the hatches, filled several pots full of
+brimstone and other combustible matter, and set it on fire, and so
+continued till they were almost suffocated, when some of the men cried
+out for air. At length he opened the hatches, not a little pleased that
+he held out the longest.
+
+The night before he was killed he sat up and drank till the morning with
+some of his own men and the master of a merchantman; and having had
+intelligence of the two sloops coming to attack him, as has been before
+observed, one of his men asked him, in case anything should happen to
+him in the engagement with the sloops, whether his wife knew where he
+had buried his money? He answered, "That nobody but himself and the
+devil knew where it was, and the longest liver should take all."
+
+Those of his crew who were taken alive told a story which may appear a
+little incredible; however, we think it will not be fair to omit it
+since we had it from their own mouths. That once upon a cruise they
+found out that they had a man on board more than their crew; such a one
+was seen several days amongst them, sometimes below and sometimes upon
+deck, yet no man in the ship could give an account who he was, or from
+whence he came, but that he disappeared a little before they were cast
+away in their great ship; but it seems they verily believed it was the
+devil.
+
+One would think these things should induce them to reform their lives,
+but so many reprobates together, encouraged and spirited one another up
+in their wickedness, to which a continual course of drinking did not a
+little contribute, for in Black-beard's journal, which was taken, there
+were several memorandums of the following nature found writ with his own
+hand: Such a day rum all out; our company somewhat sober; a damned
+confusion amongst us; rouges a-plotting; great talk of separation; so I
+looked sharp for a prize; such a day took one with a great deal of
+liquor on board, so kept the company hot, damned hot, then all things
+went well again.
+
+Thus it was these wretches passed their lives, with very little pleasure
+or satisfaction in the possession of what they violently take away from
+others, and sure to pay for it at last by an ignominious death.
+
+The names of the pirates killed in the engagement, are as follows:--
+
+Edward Teach, commander; Philip Morton, gunner; Garret Gibbens,
+boatswain; Owen Roberts, carpenter; Thomas Miller, quartermaster; John
+Husk, Joseph Curtice, Joseph Brooks (1), Nath. Jackson. All the rest,
+except the two last, were wounded, and afterwards hanged in
+Virginia:--John Carnes, Joseph Brooks (2), James Blake, John Gills,
+Thomas Gates, James White, Richard Stiles, Cæsar, Joseph Philips, James
+Robbins, John Martin, Edward Salter, Stephen Daniel, Richard Greensail,
+Israel Hands, pardoned, Samuel Odel, acquitted.
+
+There were in the pirate sloops, and ashore in a tent near where the
+sloops lay, twenty-five hogsheads of sugar, eleven tierces, and one
+hundred and forty-five bags of cocoa, a barrel of indigo, and a bale of
+cotton; which, with what was taken from the governor and secretary, and
+the sale of the sloop, came to £2,500, besides the rewards paid by the
+governor of Virginia, pursuant to his proclamation; all which was
+divided among the companies of the two ships, _Lime_ and _Pearl_, that
+lay in James River; the brave fellows that took them coming in for no
+more than their dividend amongst the rest, and were paid it not till
+four years afterwards.
+
+
+II
+
+CAPTAIN WILLIAM KID
+
+We are now going to give an account of one whose name is better known in
+England than most of those whose histories we have already related; the
+person we mean is Captain Kid, whose public trial and execution here
+rendered him the subject of all conversation, so that his actions have
+been chanted about in ballads; however, it is now a considerable time
+since these things passed, and though the people knew in general that
+Captain Kid was hanged, and that his crime was piracy, yet there were
+scarce any, even at that time, who were acquainted with his life or
+actions, or could account for his turning pirate.
+
+In the beginning of King William's war, Captain Kid commanded a
+privateer in the West Indies, and by several adventurous actions
+acquired the reputation of a brave man, as well as an experienced
+seaman. About this time the pirates were very troublesome in those
+parts, wherefore Captain Kid was recommended by the Lord Bellamont, then
+governor of Barbadoes, as well as by several other persons, to the
+Government here, as a person very fit to be entrusted with the command
+of a Government ship, and to be employed in cruising upon the pirates,
+as knowing those seas perfectly well, and being acquainted with all
+their lurking places; but what reasons governed the politics of those
+times I cannot tell, but this proposal met with no encouragement here,
+though it is certain it would have been of great consequence to the
+subject, our merchants suffering incredible damages by those robbers.
+
+Upon this neglect the Lord Bellamont and some others, who knew what
+great captures had been made by the pirates, and what a prodigious
+wealth must be in their possession, were tempted to fit out a ship at
+their own private charge, and to give the command of it to Captain Kid;
+and to give the thing a great reputation, as well as to keep their
+seamen under the better command, they procured the King's Commission for
+the said Captain Kid, of which the following is an exact copy:--
+
+    "WILLIAM REX,--William the Third, by the grace of God, King of
+    England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c.
+    To our trusty and well-beloved Captain William Kid, Commander of the
+    ship the _Adventure_ galley, or to any other the commander of the
+    same for the time being, greeting; Whereas we are informed, that
+    Captain Thomas Too, John Ireland, Captain Thomas Wake, and Captain
+    William Maze, or Mace, and other subjects, natives or inhabitants of
+    New York, and elsewhere, in our plantations in America, have
+    associated themselves, with divers others, wicked and ill-disposed
+    persons, and do, against the law of nations, commit many and great
+    piracies, robberies, and depredations on the seas upon the parts of
+    America, and in other parts, to the great hindrance and
+    discouragement of trade and navigation, and to the great danger and
+    hurt of our loving subjects, our allies, and all others, navigating
+    the seas upon their lawful occasions. Now know ye, that we being
+    desirous to prevent the aforesaid mischiefs, and, as much as in us
+    lies, to bring the said pirates, freebooters and sea-rovers to
+    justice, have thought fit, and do hereby give and grant to the said
+    William Kid (to whom our Commissioners for exercising the office of
+    Lord High Admiral of England, have granted a commission as a private
+    man-of-war, bearing date December 11, 1695), and unto the commander
+    of the said ship for the time being, and unto the officers,
+    mariners, and others, which shall be under your command, full power
+    and authority to apprehend, seize, and take into your custody as
+    well the said Captain Thomas Too, John Ireland, Captain Thomas Wake,
+    and Captain William Maze, or Mace, as all such pirates, freebooters
+    and sea-rovers, being either our subjects, or of other nations
+    associated with them, which you shall meet with upon the seas or
+    coasts of America, or upon any other seas or coasts, with all their
+    ships and vessels; and all such merchandises, money, goods, and
+    wares as shall be found on board, or with them, in case they shall
+    willingly yield themselves; but if they will not yield without
+    fighting, then you are by force to compel them to yield. And we do
+    also require you to bring, or cause to be brought, such pirates,
+    freebooters, or sea-rovers, as you shall seize, to a legal trial, to
+    the end they may be proceeded against according to the law in such
+    cases. And we do hereby command all our officers, ministers, and
+    other our loving subjects whatsoever, to be aiding and assisting to
+    you in the premisses. And we do hereby enjoin you to keep an exact
+    journal of your proceedings in the execution of the premisses, and
+    set down the names of such pirates, and of their officers and
+    company, and the names of such ships and vessels as you shall by
+    virtue of these presents take and seize, and the quantities of arms,
+    ammunition, provision, and lading of such ships, and the true value
+    of the same, as near as you judge. And we do hereby strictly charge
+    and command you as you will answer the contrary at your peril, that
+    you do not, in any manner, offend or molest our friends or allies,
+    their ships, or subjects, by colour or pretence of these presents,
+    or the authority thereby granted. In witness whereof we have caused
+    our Great Seal of England to be affixed to these presents. Given at
+    our Court of Kensington, the 26th day of January, 1695, in the
+    seventh year of our reign."
+
+Captain Kid had also another commission, which was called a Commission
+of Reprisals; for it being then war time, this commission was to justify
+him in the taking of French merchant ships, in case he should meet with
+any.
+
+With these two commissions he sailed out of Plymouth in May, 1696, in
+the _Adventure_ galley of thirty guns and eighty men. The place he first
+designed for was New York; in his voyage thither he took a French
+banker, but this was no act of piracy, he having a commission for that
+purpose, as we have just observed.
+
+When he arrived at New York he put up articles for engaging more hands,
+it being necessary to his ship's crew, since he proposed to deal with a
+desperate enemy. The terms he offered were that every man should have a
+share of what was taken, reserving for himself and owners forty shares.
+Upon which encouragement he soon increased his company to a hundred and
+fifty-five men.
+
+With this company he sailed first for Madeira, where he took in wine
+and some other necessaries; from thence he proceeded to Bonavist, one of
+the Cape de Verde islands, to furnish the ship with salt, and from
+thence went immediately to St. Jago, another of the Cape de Verde
+islands, in order to stock himself with provisions. When all this was
+done he bent his course to Madagascar, the known rendezvous of pirates.
+In his way he fell in with Captain Warren, commodore of three
+men-of-war; he acquainted them with his design, kept them company two or
+three days, and then leaving them made the best way for Madagascar,
+where he arrived in February, 1696, just nine months from his departure
+from Plymouth.
+
+It happened that at this time the pirate ships were most of them out in
+search of prey, so that, according to the best intelligence Captain Kid
+could get, there was not one of them at this time about the island,
+wherefore, having spent some time in watering his ship and taking in
+more provisions, he thought of trying his fortune on the coast of
+Malabar, where he arrived in the month of June following, four months
+from his reaching Madagascar. Hereabouts he made an unsuccessful cruise,
+touching sometimes at the island of Mahala, sometimes at that of Joanna,
+between Malabar and Madagascar. His provisions were every day wasting,
+and his ship began to want repair; wherefore, when he was at Joanna, he
+found means of borrowing a sum of money from some Frenchmen who had lost
+their ship, but saved their effects, and with this he purchased
+materials for putting his ship in good repair.
+
+It does not appear all this while that he had the least design of
+turning pirate, for near Mahala and Joanna both he met with several
+Indian ships richly laden, to which he did not offer the least violence,
+though he was strong enough to have done what he pleased with them; and
+the first outrage or depredation I find he committed upon mankind was
+after his repairing his ship and leaving Joanna. He touched at a place
+called Mabbee, upon the Red Sea, where he took some Guinea corn from the
+natives, by force.
+
+After this he sailed to Bab's Key, a place upon a little island at the
+entrance of the Red Sea. Here it was that he first began to open himself
+to his ship's company, and let them understand that he intended to
+change his measures; for, happening to talk of the Moca fleet which was
+to sail that way, he said, "We have been unsuccessful hitherto; but
+courage, my boys, we'll make our fortunes out of this fleet." And
+finding that none of them appeared averse to it he ordered a boat out,
+well manned, to go upon the coast to make discoveries, commanding them
+to take a prisoner and bring to him, or get intelligence any way they
+could. The boat returned in a few days, bringing him word that they saw
+fourteen or fifteen ships ready to sail, some with English, some with
+Dutch, and some with Moorish colors.
+
+We cannot account for this sudden change in his conduct, otherwise than
+by supposing that he first meant well, while he had hopes of making his
+fortune by taking of pirates; but now, weary of ill-success, and fearing
+lest his owners, out of humor at their great expenses, should dismiss
+him, and he should want employment, and be marked out for an unlucky
+man--rather, I say, than run the hazard of poverty, he resolved to do
+his business one way, since he could not do it another.
+
+He therefore ordered a man continually to watch at the mast-head, lest
+this fleet should go by them; and about four days after, towards evening
+it appeared in sight, being convoyed by one English and one Dutch
+man-of-war. Kid soon fell in with them, and, getting into the midst of
+them, fired at a Moorish ship which was next him; but the men-of-war,
+taking the alarm, bore down upon Kid, and, firing upon him, obliged him
+to sheer off, he not being strong enough to contend with them. Now he
+had begun hostilities he resolved to go on, and therefore he went and
+cruised along the coast of Malabar. The first prize he met was a small
+vessel belonging to Aden; the vessel was Moorish, and the owners were
+Moorish merchants, but the master was an Englishman; his name was
+Parker. Kid forced him and a Portuguese that was called Don Antonio,
+which were all the Europeans on board, to take on with them; the first
+he designed as a pilot, and the last as an interpreter. He also used the
+men very cruelly, causing them to be hoisted up by the arms, and
+drubbed with a naked cutlass, to force them to discover whether they had
+money on board, and where it lay; but as they had neither gold nor
+silver on board he got nothing by his cruelty; however, he took from
+them a bale of pepper, and a bale of coffee, and so let them go.
+
+A little time after he touched at Carawar, a place upon the same coast,
+where, before he arrived, the news of what he had done to the Moorish
+ship had reached them; for some of the English merchants there had
+received an account of it from the owners, who corresponded with them;
+wherefore, as soon as Kid came in, he was suspected to be the person who
+committed this piracy, and one Mr. Harvey and Mr. Mason, two of the
+English factory, came on board and asked for Parker and Antonio, the
+Portuguese, but Kid denied that he knew any such persons, having secured
+them both in a private place in the hold, where they were kept for seven
+or eight days, that is till Kid sailed from thence.
+
+However, the coast was alarmed, and a Portuguese man-of-war was sent out
+to cruise. Kid met with her, and fought her about six hours, gallantly
+enough; but finding her too strong to be taken, he quitted her, for he
+was able to run away from her when he would. Then he went to a place
+called Porco, where he watered the ship, and bought a number of hogs of
+the natives to victual his company.
+
+Soon after this he came up with a Moorish ship, the master whereof was a
+Dutchman, called Schipper Mitchel, and chased her under French colors,
+which, they observing, hoisted French colors too. When he came up with
+her he hailed her in French, and they, having a Frenchman on board,
+answered him in the same language; upon which he ordered them to send
+their boat on board. They were obliged to do so, and having examined who
+they were, and from whence they came, he asked the Frenchman, who was a
+passenger, if he had a French pass for himself? The Frenchman gave him
+to understand that he had. Then he told the Frenchman he must pass for
+captain, and "by G--d," says he, "you are the captain." The Frenchman
+durst not refuse doing as he would have him. The meaning of this was,
+that he would seize the ship as fair prize, and as if she had belonged
+to French subjects, according to a commission he had for that purpose;
+though, one would think, after what he had already done, that he need
+not have recourse to a quibble to give his actions a color.
+
+In short, he took the cargo and sold it some time after; yet still he
+seemed to have some fears upon him lest these proceedings should have a
+bad end, for, coming up with a Dutch ship some time, when his men
+thought of nothing but attacking her, Kid opposed it; upon which a
+mutiny arose, and the majority being for taking the said ship, and
+arming themselves to man the boat to go and seize her, he told them,
+such as did, never should come on board him again, which put an end to
+the design, so that he kept company with the said ship some time,
+without offering her any violence. However, this dispute was the
+occasion of an accident, upon which an indictment was afterwards
+grounded against Kid; for Moor, the gunner, being one day upon deck, and
+talking with Kid about the said Dutch ship, some words arose between
+them, and Moor told Kid that he had ruined them all; upon which Kid,
+calling him dog, took up a bucket and struck him with it, which,
+breaking his skull, he died the next day.
+
+But Kid's penitential fit did not last long, for, coasting along
+Malabar, he met with a great number of boats, all which he plundered.
+Upon the same coast he also lighted upon a Portuguese ship, which he
+kept possession of a week, and then, having taken out of her some chests
+of Indian goods, thirty jars of butter, with some wax, iron, and a
+hundred bags of rice, he let her go.
+
+Much about the same time he went to one of the Malabar islands for wood
+and water, and his cooper, being ashore, was murdered by the natives;
+upon which Kid himself landed, and burnt and pillaged several of their
+houses, the people running away; but having taken one, he caused him to
+be tied to a tree, and commanded one of his men to shoot him; then
+putting to sea again he took the greatest prize which fell into his
+hands while he followed his trade. This was a Moorish ship of four
+hundred tons, richly laden, named the _Queda_, merchant, the master
+whereof was an Englishman--he was called Wright, for the Indians often
+make use of English or Dutch men to command their ships, their own
+mariners not being so good artists in navigation. Kid chased her under
+French colors, and, having come up with her, he ordered her to hoist out
+her boat and to send on board of him, which, being done, he told Wright
+he was his prisoner; and informing himself concerning the said ship, he
+understood there were no Europeans on board except two Dutch, and one
+Frenchman, all the rest being Indians or Armenians, and that the
+Armenians were part owners of the cargo. Kid gave the Armenians to
+understand that if they would offer anything that was worth his taking
+for their ransom, he would hearken to it; upon which they proposed to
+pay him twenty thousand rupees, not quite three thousand pounds
+sterling; but Kid judged this would be making a bad bargain, wherefore
+he rejected it, and setting the crew on shore at different places on the
+coast, he soon sold as much of the cargo as came to near ten thousand
+pounds. With part of it he also trafficked, receiving in exchange
+provisions or such other goods as he wanted. By degrees he disposed of
+the whole cargo, and when the division was made it came to about two
+hundred pounds a man, and, having reserved forty shares to himself, his
+dividend amounted to about eight thousand pounds sterling.
+
+The Indians along the coast came on board and trafficked with all
+freedom, and he punctually performed his bargains, till about the time
+he was ready to sail; and then, thinking he should have no further
+occasion for them, he made no scruple of taking their goods and setting
+them on shore without any payment in money or goods, which they little
+expected; for as they had been used to deal with pirates, they always
+found them men of honor in the way of trade--a people, enemies to
+deceit, and that scorned to rob but in their own way.
+
+Kid put some of his men on board the _Queda_, merchant, and with this
+ship and his own sailed for Madagascar. As soon as he was arrived and
+had cast anchor there came on board of him a canoe, in which were
+several Englishmen who had formerly been well acquainted with Kid. As
+soon as they saw him they saluted him and told him they were informed he
+was come to take them, and hang them, which would be a little unkind in
+such an old acquaintance. Kid soon dissipated their doubts by swearing
+he had no such design, and that he was now in every respect their
+brother, and just as bad as they, and, calling for a cup of bomboo,
+drank their captain's health.
+
+These men belonged to a pirate ship, called the _Resolution_, formerly
+the _Mocco_, merchant, whereof one Captain Culliford was commander, and
+which lay at an anchor not far from them. Kid went on board with them,
+promising them his friendship and assistance, and Culliford in his turn
+came on board of Kid; and Kid, to testify his sincerity in iniquity,
+finding Culliford in want of some necessaries, made him a present of an
+anchor and some guns, to fit him out for the sea again.
+
+The _Adventure_ galley was now so old and leaky that they were forced to
+keep two pumps continually going, wherefore Kid shifted all the guns and
+tackle out of her into the _Queda_, merchant, intending her for his
+man-of-war; and as he had divided the money before, he now made a
+division of the remainder of the cargo. Soon after which the greatest
+part of the company left him, some going on board Captain Culliford, and
+others absconding in the country, so that he had not above forty men
+left.
+
+He put to sea and happened to touch at Amboyna, one of the Dutch spice
+islands, where he was told that the news of his actions had reached
+England, and that he was there declared a pirate.
+
+The truth of it is, his piracies so alarmed our merchants that some
+motions were made in Parliament, to inquire into the commission that was
+given him, and the persons who fitted him out. These proceedings seemed
+to lean a little hard upon the Lord Bellamont, who thought himself so
+much touched thereby that he published a justification of himself in a
+pamphlet after Kid's execution. In the meantime it was thought
+advisable, in order to stop the course of these piracies, to publish a
+proclamation, offering the king's free pardon to all such pirates as
+should voluntarily surrender themselves, whatever piracies they had been
+guilty of at any time, before the last day of April, 1699. That is to
+say, for all piracies committed eastward of the Cape of Good Hope, to
+the longitude and meridian of Socatora and Cape Camorin. In which
+proclamation Avery[12] and Kid were excepted by name.
+
+When Kid left Amboyna he knew nothing of this proclamation, for
+certainly had he had notice of his being excepted in it he would not
+have been so infatuated to run himself into the very jaws of danger; but
+relying upon his interest with the Lord Bellamont, and fancying that a
+French pass or two he found on board some of the ships he took would
+serve to countenance the matter, and that part of the booty he got would
+gain him new friends--I say, all these things made him flatter himself
+that all would be hushed, and that justice would but wink at him.
+Wherefore he sailed directly for New York, where he was no sooner
+arrived but by the Lord Bellamont's orders he was secured with all his
+papers and effects. Many of his fellow-adventurers who had forsook him
+at Madagascar, came over from thence passengers, some to New England,
+and some to Jersey, where, hearing of the king's proclamation for
+pardoning of pirates, they surrendered themselves to the governor of
+those places. At first they were admitted to bail, but soon after were
+laid in strict confinement, where they were kept for some time, till an
+opportunity happened of sending them with their captain over to England
+to be tried.
+
+Accordingly, a Sessions of Admiralty being held at the Old Bailey, in
+May, 1701, Captain Kid, Nicholas Churchill, James How, Robert Lumley,
+William Jenkins, Gabriel Loff, Hugh Parrot, Richard Barlicorn, Abel
+Owens, and Darby Mullins, were arraigned for piracy and robbery on the
+high seas, and all found guilty except three: these were Robert Lumley,
+William Jenkins, and Richard Barlicorn, who, proving themselves to be
+apprentices to some of the officers of the ship, and producing their
+indentures in court, were acquitted.
+
+The three above mentioned, though they were proved to be concerned in
+taking and sharing the ship and goods mentioned in the indictment, yet,
+as the gentlemen of the long robe rightly distinguished, there was a
+great difference between their circumstances and the rest; for there
+must go an intention of the mind and a freedom of the will to the
+committing an act of felony or piracy. A pirate is not to be understood
+to be under constraint, but a free agent; for, in this case, the bare
+act will not make a man guilty, unless the will make it so.
+
+Kid was tried upon an indictment of murder also--viz., for killing Moor,
+the gunner--and found guilty of the same.
+
+As to Captain Kid's defense, he insisted much upon his own innocence,
+and the villainy of his men. He said he went out in a laudable
+employment, and had no occasion, being then in good circumstances, to go
+a-pirating; that the men often mutinied against him, and did as they
+pleased; that he was threatened to be shot in his cabin, and that
+ninety-five left him at one time, and set fire to his boat, so that he
+was disabled from bringing his ship home, or the prizes he took, to have
+them regularly condemned, which he said were taken by virtue of a
+commission under the broad seal, they having French passes. The captain
+called one Colonel Hewson to his reputation, who gave him an
+extraordinary character, and declared to the court that he had served
+under his command, and been in two engagements with him against the
+French, in which he fought as well as any man he ever saw; that there
+were only Kid's ship and his own against Monsieur du Cass, who commanded
+a squadron of six sail, and they got the better of him. But this being
+several years before the facts mentioned in the indictment were
+committed, proved of no manner of service to the prisoner on his trial.
+
+As to the friendship shown to Culliford, a notorious pirate, Kid denied,
+and said he intended to have taken him, but his men, being a parcel of
+rogues and villains, refused to stand by him, and several of them ran
+away from his ship to the said pirate. But the evidence being full and
+particular against him, he was found guilty as before mentioned.
+
+When Kid was asked what he had to say why sentence should not pass
+against him, he answered that "he had nothing to say, but that he had
+been sworn against by perjured, wicked people." And when sentence was
+pronounced, he said, "My lord, it is a very hard sentence. For my part I
+am the innocentest person of them all, only I have been sworn against by
+perjured persons."
+
+Wherefore, about a week after, Captain Kid, Nicholas Churchill, James
+How, Gabriel Loff, Hugh Parrot, Abel Owen, and Darby Mullins, were
+executed at Execution Dock, and afterwards hung up in chains, at some
+distance from each other down the river, where their bodies hung exposed
+for many years.
+
+
+III
+
+CAPTAIN BARTHOLOMEW ROBERTS AND HIS CREW
+
+Bartholomew Roberts sailed in an honest employ from London, aboard of
+the _Princess_, Captain Plumb, commander, of which ship he was second
+mate. He left England November, 1719, and arrived at Guinea about
+February following and being at Anamaboe, taking in slaves for the West
+Indies, was taken in the said ship by Captain Howel Davis. In the
+beginning he was very averse to this sort of life, and would certainly
+have escaped from them had a fair opportunity presented itself; yet
+afterwards he changed his principles, as many besides him have done upon
+another element, and perhaps for the same reason too, viz., preferment;
+and what he did not like as a private man he could reconcile to his
+conscience as a commander.
+
+Davis having been killed in the Island of Princes whilst planning to
+capture it with all its inhabitants, the company found themselves under
+the necessity of filling up his post, for which there appeared two or
+three candidates among the select part of them that were distinguished
+by the title of Lords--such were Sympson, Ashplant, Anstis, &c.--and on
+canvassing this matter, how shattered and weak a condition their
+government must be without a head, since Davis had been removed in the
+manner before mentioned, my Lord Dennis proposed, it is said, over a
+bowl, to this purpose:
+
+"That it was not of any great signification who was dignified with
+title, for really and in good truth all good governments had, like
+theirs, the supreme power lodged with the community, who might doubtless
+depute and revoke as suited interest or humor. We are the original of
+this claim," says he, "and should a captain be so saucy as to exceed
+prescription at any time, why, down with him! It will be a caution after
+he is dead to his successors of what fatal consequence any sort of
+assuming may be. However, it is my advice that while we are sober we
+pitch upon a man of courage and skilled in navigation, one who by his
+council and bravery seems best able to defend this commonwealth, and
+ward us from the dangers and tempests of an unstable element, and the
+fatal consequences of anarchy; and such a one I take Roberts to be--a
+fellow, I think, in all respects worthy your esteem and favor."
+
+This speech was loudly applauded by all but Lord Sympson, who had secret
+expectations himself, but on this disappointment grew sullen and left
+them, swearing "he did not care who they chose captain so it was not a
+papist, for against them he had conceived an irreconcilable hatred, for
+that his father had been a sufferer in Monmouth's rebellion."
+
+Roberts was accordingly elected, though he had not been above six weeks
+among them. The choice was confirmed both by the Lords and Commoners,
+and he accepted of the honor, saying that, since he had dipped his hands
+in muddy water and must be a pirate, it was better being a commander
+than a common man.
+
+As soon as the government was settled, by promoting other officers in
+the room of those that were killed by the Portuguese, the company
+resolved to avenge Captain Davis's death, he being more than ordinarily
+respected by the crew for his affability and good nature, as well as his
+conduct and bravery upon all occasions; and, pursuant to this
+resolution, about thirty men were landed, in order to make an attack
+upon the fort, which must be ascended to by a steep hill against the
+mouth of the cannon. These men were headed by one Kennedy, a bold,
+daring fellow, but very wicked and profligate; they marched directly up
+under the fire of their ship guns, and as soon as they were discovered,
+the Portuguese quitted their post and fled to the town, and the pirates
+marched in without opposition, set fire to the fort, and threw all the
+guns off the hill into the sea, which after they had done they retreated
+quietly to their ship.
+
+But this was not looked upon as a sufficient satisfaction for the injury
+they received, therefore most of the company were for burning the town,
+which Roberts said he would yield to if any means could be proposed of
+doing it without their own destruction, for the town had a securer
+situation than the fort, a thick wood coming almost close to it,
+affording cover to the defendants, who, under such an advantage, he told
+them, it was to be feared, would fire and stand better to their arms;
+beside, that bare houses would be but a slender reward for their trouble
+and loss. This prudent advice prevailed; however, they mounted the
+French ship they seized at this place with twelve guns, and lightened
+her, in order to come up to the town, the water being shoal, and
+battered down several houses; after which they all returned on board,
+gave back the French ship to those that had most right to her, and
+sailed out of the harbor by the light of two Portuguese ships, which
+they were pleased to set on fire there.
+
+Roberts stood away to the southward, and met with a Dutch Guineaman,
+which he made prize of, but, after having plundered her, the skipper had
+his ship again. Two days after he took an English ship, called the
+_Experiment_, Captain Cornet, at Cape Lopez; the men went all into the
+pirate service, and having no occasion for the ship they burnt her and
+then steered for St. Thome, but meeting with nothing in their way, they
+sailed for Annabona, and there watered, took in provisions, and put it
+to a vote of the company whether their next voyage should be to the East
+Indies or to Brazil. The latter being resolved on, they sailed
+accordingly, and in twenty-eight days arrived at Ferdinando, an
+uninhabited island on that coast. Here they watered, boot-topped their
+ship, and made ready for the designed cruise.
+
+Upon this coast our rovers cruised for about nine weeks, keeping
+generally out of sight of land, but without seeing a sail, which
+discouraged them so that they determined to leave the station and steer
+for the West Indies; and, in order thereto, stood in to make the land
+for the taking of their departure; and thereby they fell in unexpectedly
+with a fleet of forty-two sail of Portuguese ships off the bay of Los
+Todos Santos, with all their lading in, for Lisbon, several of them of
+good force, who lay-to waiting for two men-of-war of seventy guns each,
+their convoy. However, Roberts thought it should go hard with him, but
+he would make up his market among them, and thereupon mixed with the
+fleet, and kept his men hid till proper resolutions could be formed.
+That done, they came close up to one of the deepest, and ordered her to
+send the master on board quietly, threatening to give them no quarter
+if any resistance or signal of distress was made. The Portuguese, being
+surprised at these threats, and the sudden flourish of cutlasses from
+the pirates, submitted without a word, and the captain came on board.
+Roberts saluted him after a friendly manner telling him that they were
+gentlemen of fortune, but that their business with him was only to be
+informed which was the richest ship in that fleet; and if he directed
+them right he should be restored to his ship without molestation,
+otherwise he must expect immediate death.
+
+Whereupon this Portuguese master pointed to one of forty guns and a
+hundred and fifty men, a ship of greater force than the _Rover_; but
+this no ways dismayed them; they were Portuguese, they said, and so
+immediately steered away for him. When they came within hail, the master
+whom they had prisoner was ordered to ask "how Seignior Captain did?"
+and to invite him on board, "for that he had a matter of consequence to
+impart to him;" which being done, he returned for answer that "he would
+wait upon him presently," but by the bustle that immediately followed,
+the pirates perceived that they were discovered, and that this was only
+a deceitful answer to gain time to put their ship in a posture of
+defense; so without further delay they poured in a broadside, boarded,
+and grappled her. The dispute was short and warm, wherein many of the
+Portuguese fell, and two only of the pirates. By this time the fleet was
+alarmed: signals of top-gallant sheets flying and guns fired to give
+notice to the men-of-war, who rid still at an anchor, and made but
+scurvy haste out to their assistance; and if what the pirates themselves
+related to be true, the commanders of those ships were blameable to the
+highest degree, and unworthy the title, or so much as the name, of men.
+For Roberts, finding the prize to sail heavy, and yet resolving not to
+lose her, lay by for the headmost of them, which much outsailed the
+other, and prepared for battle, which was ignominiously declined, though
+of such superior force; for, not daring to venture on the pirate alone,
+he tarried so long for his consort as gave them both time leisurely to
+make off.
+
+They found this ship exceedingly rich, being laden chiefly with sugar,
+skins, and tobacco, and in gold forty thousand moidores, besides chains
+and trinkets of considerable value; particularly a cross set with
+diamonds designed for the king of Portugal, which they afterwards
+presented to the governor of Caiana, by whom they were obliged.
+
+Elated with this booty, they had nothing now to think of but some safe
+retreat where they might give themselves up to all the pleasures that
+luxury and wantonness could bestow; and for the present pitched upon a
+place called the Devil's Islands in the river of Surinam, on the coast
+of Caiana, where they arrived, and found the civilest reception
+imaginable, not only from the governor and factory, but their wives,
+who exchanged wares, and drove a considerable trade with them.
+
+They seized in this river a sloop, and by her gained intelligence that a
+brigantine had also sailed in company with her from Rhode Island, laden
+with provisions for the coast--a welcome cargo! They growing short in
+the sea store, and, as Sancho says, "No adventures to be made without
+belly-timber." One evening, as they were rummaging their mine of
+treasure, the Portuguese prize, this expected vessel was descried at the
+masthead, and Roberts, imagining nobody could do the business so well as
+himself, takes forty men in the sloop, and goes in pursuit of her; but a
+fatal accident followed this rash, though inconsiderable adventure, for
+Roberts, thinking of nothing less than bringing in the brigantine that
+afternoon, never troubled his head about the sloop's provision, nor
+inquired what there was on board to subsist such a number of men; but
+out he sails after his expected prize, which he not only lost further
+sight of, but after eight days' contending with contrary winds and
+currents, found themselves thirty leagues to leeward. The current still
+opposing their endeavors, and perceiving no hopes of beating up to their
+ship, they came to an anchor, and inconsiderately sent away the boat to
+give the rest of the company notice of their condition, and to order the
+ship to them; but too soon--even the next day--their wants made them
+sensible of their infatuation, for their water was all expended, and
+they had taken no thought how they should be supplied till either the
+ship came or the boat returned, which was not likely to be under five or
+six days. Here, like Tantalus, they almost famished in sight of the
+fresh streams and lakes, being drove to such extremity at last that they
+were forced to tear up the floor of the cabin and patch up a sort of tub
+or tray with rope-yarns to paddle ashore and fetch off immediate
+supplies of water to preserve life.
+
+After some days the long-wished-for boat came back, but with the most
+unwelcome news in the world; for Kennedy, who was lieutenant, and left,
+in absence of Roberts, to command the privateer and prize, was gone off
+with both. This was mortification with a vengeance, and you may imagine
+they did not depart without some hard speeches from those that were left
+and had suffered by their treachery. And that there need be no further
+mention of this Kennedy, I shall leave Captain Roberts to vent his wrath
+in a few oaths and execrations, and follow the other, whom we may reckon
+from that time as steering his course towards Execution Dock.
+
+Kennedy was now chosen captain of the revolted crew, but could not bring
+his company to any determined resolution. Some of them were for pursuing
+the old game, but the greater part of them seemed to have inclinations
+to turn from those evil courses, and get home privately, for there was
+no act of pardon in force; therefore they agreed to break up, and every
+man to shift for himself, as he should see occasion. The first thing
+they did was to part with the great Portuguese prize, and having the
+master of the sloop (whose name, I think, was Cane) aboard, who, they
+said, was a very honest fellow--for he had humored them upon every
+occasion--told them of the brigantine that Roberts went after; and when
+the pirates first took him he complimented them at any odd rate, telling
+them they were welcome to his sloop and cargo, and wished that the
+vessel had been larger and the loading richer for their sakes. To this
+good-natured man they gave the Portuguese ship, which was then above
+half loaded, three or four negroes, and all his own men, who returned
+thanks to his kind benefactors, and departed.
+
+Captain Kennedy, in the _Rover_, sailed to Barbadoes, near which island
+they took a very peaceable ship belonging to Virginia. The commander was
+a Quaker, whose name was Knot; he had neither pistol, sword, nor cutlass
+on board; and Mr. Knot appearing so very passive to all they said to
+him, some of them thought this a good opportunity to go off; and
+accordingly eight of the pirates went aboard, and he carried them safe
+to Virginia. They made the Quaker a present of ten chests of sugar, ten
+rolls of Brazil tobacco, thirty moidores, and some gold dust, in all to
+the value of about £250. They also made presents to the sailors, some
+more, some less, and lived a jovial life all the while they were upon
+their voyage, Captain Knot giving them their way; nor, indeed, could he
+help himself, unless he had taken an opportunity to surprise them when
+they were either drunk or asleep, for awake they wore arms aboard the
+ship and put him in a continual terror, it not being his principle (or
+the sect's) to fight, unless with art and collusion. He managed these
+weapons well till he arrived at the Capes; and afterwards four of the
+pirates went off in a boat, which they had taken with them for the more
+easily making their escapes, and made up the bay towards Maryland, but
+were forced back by a storm into an obscure place of the country, where,
+meeting with good entertainment among the planters, they continued
+several days without being discovered to be pirates. In the meantime
+Captain Knot, leaving four others on board his ship who intended to go
+to North Carolina, made what haste he could to discover to Mr.
+Spotswood, the governor, what sort of passengers he had been forced to
+bring with him, who, by good fortune, got them seized; and search being
+made after the others, who were revelling about the country, they were
+also taken, and all tried, convicted, and hanged; two Portuguese Jews,
+who were taken on the coast of Brazil and whom they brought with them to
+Virginia, being the principal evidences. The latter had found means to
+lodge part of their wealth with the planters, who never brought it to
+account. But Captain Knot surrendered up everything that belonged to
+them that were taken aboard, even what they presented to him, in lieu
+of such things as they had plundered him of in their passage, and
+obliged his men to do the like.
+
+Some days after the taking of the Virginiaman last mentioned, in
+cruising in the latitude of Jamaica, Kennedy took a sloop bound thither
+from Boston, loaded with bread and flour; aboard of this sloop went all
+the hands who were for breaking the gang, and left those behind that had
+a mind to pursue further adventures. Among the former was Kennedy, their
+captain, of whose honor they had such a despicable notion that they were
+about to throw him overboard when they found him in the sloop, as
+fearing he might betray them all at their return to England; he having
+in his childhood been bred a pick-pocket, and before he became a pirate
+a house-breaker; both professions that these gentlemen have a very mean
+opinion of. However, Captain Kennedy, by taking solemn oaths of fidelity
+to his companions, was suffered to proceed with them.
+
+In this company there was but one that pretended to any skill in
+navigation (for Kennedy could neither write nor read, he being preferred
+to the command merely for his courage, which indeed he had often
+signalized, particularly in taking the Portuguese ship), and he proved
+to be a pretender only; for, shaping their course to Ireland, where they
+agreed to land, they ran away to the north-west coast of Scotland, and
+there were tossed about by hard storms of wind for several days without
+knowing where they were, and in great danger of perishing. At length
+they pushed the vessel into a little creek and went all ashore, leaving
+the sloop at an anchor for the next comers.
+
+The whole company refreshed themselves at a little village about five
+miles from the place where they left the sloop, and passed there for
+shipwrecked sailors, and no doubt might have travelled on without
+suspicion, but the mad and riotous manner of their living on the road
+occasioned their journey to be cut short, as we shall observe presently.
+
+Kennedy and another left them here, and, travelling to one of the
+seaports, shipped themselves for Ireland, and arrived there in safety.
+Six or seven wisely withdrew from the rest, travelled at their leisure,
+and got to their much-desired port of London without being disturbed or
+suspected, but the main gang alarmed the country wherever they came,
+drinking and roaring at such a rate that the people shut themselves up
+in their houses, in some places not daring to venture out among so many
+mad fellows. In other villages they treated the whole town, squandering
+their money away as if, like Æsop, they wanted to lighten their
+burthens. This expensive manner of living procured two of their drunken
+stragglers to be knocked on the head, they being found murdered in the
+road and their money taken from them. All the rest, to the number of
+seventeen, as they drew nigh to Edinburgh, were arrested and thrown
+into gaol upon suspicion of they knew not what; however, the magistrates
+were not long at a loss for proper accusations, for two of the gang
+offering themselves for evidences were accepted of, and the others were
+brought to a speedy trial, whereof nine were convicted and executed.
+
+Kennedy having spent all his money, came over from Ireland and kept a
+public-house on Deptford Road, and now and then it was thought, made an
+excursion abroad in the way of his former profession, till one of his
+household gave information against him for a robbery, for which he was
+committed to Bridewell; but because she would not do the business by
+halves she found out a mate of a ship that Kennedy had committed piracy
+upon, as he foolishly confessed to her. This mate, whose name was Grant,
+paid Kennedy a visit in Bridewell, and knowing him to be the man,
+procured a warrant, and had him committed to the Marshalsea prison.
+
+The game that Kennedy had now to play was to turn evidence himself;
+accordingly he gave a list of eight or ten of his comrades, but, not
+being acquainted with their habitations, one only was taken, who, though
+condemned, appeared to be a man of a fair character, was forced into
+their service, and took the first opportunity to get from them, and
+therefore received a pardon; but Walter Kennedy, being a notorious
+offender, was executed July 19, 1721, at Execution Dock.
+
+The rest of the pirates who were left in the ship _Rover_ stayed not
+long behind, for they went ashore to one of the West India islands. What
+became of them afterwards I cannot tell, but the ship was found at sea
+by a sloop belonging to _St. Christophers_, and carried into that island
+with only nine negroes aboard.
+
+Thus we see what a disastrous fate ever attends the wicked, and how
+rarely they escape the punishment due to their crimes, who, abandoned to
+such a profligate life, rob, spoil, and prey upon mankind, contrary to
+the light and law of nature, as well as the law of God. It might have
+been hoped that the examples of these deaths would have been as marks to
+the remainder of this gang, how to shun the rocks their companions had
+split on; that they would have surrendered to mercy, or divided
+themselves for ever from such pursuits, as in the end they might be sure
+would subject them to the same law and punishment, which they must be
+conscious they now equally deserved; impending law, which never let them
+sleep well unless when drunk. But all the use that was made of it here,
+was to commend the justice of the court that condemned Kennedy, for he
+was a sad dog, they said, and deserved the fate he met with.
+
+But to go back to Roberts, whom we left on the coast of Caiana, in a
+grievous passion at what Kennedy and the crew had done, and who was now
+projecting new adventures with his small company in the sloop; but
+finding hitherto they had been but as a rope of sand, they formed a set
+of articles to be signed and sworn to for the better conservation of
+their society, and doing justice to one another, excluding all Irishmen
+from the benefit of it, to whom they had an implacable aversion upon the
+account of Kennedy. How, indeed, Roberts could think that an oath would
+be obligatory where defiance had been given to the laws of God and man,
+I cannot tell, but he thought their greatest security lay in this--"that
+it was every one's interest to observe them, if they minded to keep up
+so abominable a combination."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following is the substance of articles as taken from the pirates'
+own informations:--
+
+
+I
+
+Every man has a vote in affairs of moment, has equal title to the fresh
+provisions or strong liquors at any time seized, and may use them at
+pleasure, unless a scarcity (no uncommon thing among them) make it
+necessary for the good of all to vote a retrenchment.
+
+
+II
+
+Every man to be called fairly in turn by list, on board of prizes,
+because, over and above their proper share, they were on these occasions
+allowed a shift of clothes. But if they defrauded the company to the
+value of a dollar, in plate, jewels, or money, marooning was their
+punishment. (This was a barbarous custom of putting the offender on
+shore, on some desolate or uninhabited cape or island, with a gun, a few
+shot, a bottle of water, a bottle of powder, to subsist with or starve.)
+If the robbery was only between one another, they contented themselves
+with slitting the ears and nose of him that was guilty, and set him on
+shore, not in an uninhabited place, but somewhere where he was sure to
+encounter hardships.
+
+
+III
+
+No person to game at cards or dice for money.
+
+
+IV
+
+The lights and candles to be put out at eight o'clock at night. If any
+of the crew after that hour still remained inclined for drinking, they
+were to do it on the open deck. (Which Roberts believed would give a
+check to their debauches, for he was a sober man himself, but found at
+length that all his endeavors to put an end to this debauch proved
+ineffectual.)
+
+
+V
+
+To keep their piece, pistols, and cutlass clean, and fit for service.
+(In this they were extravagantly nice, endeavoring to outdo one another
+in the beauty and richness of their arms, giving sometimes at an
+auction--at the mast--£30 or £40 a pair for pistols. These were slung in
+time of service, with different colored ribbons, over their shoulders,
+in a way peculiar to these fellows, in which they took great delight.)
+
+
+VI
+
+No boy or woman to be allowed amongst them. If any man were found
+seducing any of the latter sex, and carried her to sea disguised, he was
+to suffer death. (So that when any fell into their hands, as it chanced
+in the _Onslow_, they put a sentinel immediately over her to prevent ill
+consequences from so dangerous an instrument of division and quarrel;
+but then here lies the roguery--they contend who shall be sentinel,
+which happens generally to one of the greatest bullies.)
+
+
+VII
+
+To desert the ship or their quarters in battle, was punished with death
+or marooning.
+
+
+VIII
+
+No striking one another on board, but every man's quarrel to be ended on
+shore, at sword and pistol. Thus the quartermaster of the ship, when the
+parties will not come to any reconciliation, accompanies them on shore
+with what assistance he thinks proper, and turns the disputants back to
+back at so many paces distance. At the word of command they turn and
+fire immediately, or else the piece is knocked out of their hands. If
+both miss, they come to their cutlasses, and then he is declared victor
+who draws the first blood.
+
+
+IX
+
+No man to talk of breaking up their way of living till each had shared
+£1,000. If, in order to this, any man should lose a limb, or become a
+cripple in their service, he was to have 800 dollars out of the public
+stock, and for lesser hurts proportionably.
+
+
+X
+
+The captain and quartermaster to receive two shares of a prize; the
+master, boatswain, and gunner, one share and a half, the other officers
+one and a quarter.
+
+
+XI
+
+The musicians to have rest on the Sabbath-day, but the other six days
+and nights none without special favor.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These, we are assured, were some of Roberts's articles, but as they had
+taken care to throw overboard the original they had signed and sworn to,
+there is a great deal of room to suspect the remainder contained
+something too horrid to be disclosed to any, except such as were willing
+to be sharers in the iniquity of them. Let them be what they will, they
+were together the test of all newcomers, who were initiated by an oath
+taken on a Bible, reserved for that purpose only, and were subscribed to
+in presence of the worshipful Mr. Roberts. And in case any doubt should
+arise concerning the construction of these laws, and it should remain a
+dispute whether the party had infringed them or no, a jury was appointed
+to explain them, and bring in a verdict upon the case in doubt.
+
+Since we are now speaking of the laws of this company, I shall go on,
+and, in as brief a manner as I can, relate the principal customs and
+government of this roguish commonwealth, which are pretty near the same
+with all pirates.
+
+For the punishment of small offences which are not provided for by the
+articles, and which are not of consequence enough to be left to a jury,
+there is a principal officer among the pirates, called the
+quartermaster, of the men's own choosing, who claims all authority this
+way, excepting in time of battle. If they disobey his command, are
+quarrelsome and mutinous with one another, misuse prisoners, plunder
+beyond his order, and in particular, if they be negligent of their arms,
+which he musters at discretion, he punishes at his own arbitrament, with
+drubbing or whipping, which no one else dare do without incurring the
+lash from all the ship's company. In short, this officer is trustee for
+the whole, is the first on board any prize, separating for the company's
+use what he pleases, and returning what he thinks fit to the owners,
+excepting gold and silver, which they have voted not returnable.
+
+After a description of the quartermaster and his duty, who acts as a
+sort of civil magistrate on board a pirate ship, I shall consider their
+military officer, the captain; what privileges he exerts in such anarchy
+and unruliness of the members. Why, truly very little--they only permit
+him to be captain, on condition that they may be captain over him; they
+separate to his use the great cabin, and sometimes vote him small
+parcels of plate and china (for it may be noted that Roberts drank his
+tea constantly), but then every man, as the humor takes him, will use
+the plate and china, intrude into his apartment, swear at him, seize a
+part of his victuals and drink, if they like it, without his offering to
+find fault or contest it. Yet Roberts, by a better management than
+usual, became the chief director in everything of moment; and it
+happened thus:--The rank of captain being obtained by the suffrage of
+the majority, it falls on one superior for knowledge and
+boldness--pistol proof, as they call it--who can make those fear who do
+not love him. Roberts is said to have exceeded his fellows in these
+respects, and when advanced, enlarged the respect that followed it by
+making a sort of privy council of half a dozen of the greatest bullies,
+such as were his competitors, and had interest enough to make his
+government easy; yet even those, in the latter part of his reign, he had
+run counter to in every project that opposed his own opinion; for which,
+and because he grew reserved and would not drink and roar at their rate,
+a cabal was formed to take away his captainship, which death did more
+effectually.
+
+The captain's power is uncontrollable in chase or in battle, drubbing,
+cutting, or even shooting any one who dares deny his command. The same
+privilege he takes over prisoners, who receive good or ill usage mostly
+as he approves of their behavior, for though the meanest would take upon
+them to misuse a master of a ship, yet he would control herein when he
+sees it, and merrily over a bottle give his prisoners this double reason
+for it: first, that it preserved his precedence; and secondly, that it
+took the punishment out of the hands of a much more rash and mad set of
+fellows than himself. When he found that rigor was not expected from his
+people (for he often practiced it to appease them), then he would give
+strangers to understand that it was pure inclination that induced him to
+a good treatment of them, and not any love or partiality to their
+persons; for, says he, "there is none of you but will hang me, I know,
+whenever you can clinch me within your power."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+And now, seeing the disadvantages they were under for pursuing their
+plans, viz., a small vessel ill repaired, and without provisions or
+stores, they resolved, one and all, with the little supplies they could
+get, to proceed for the West Indies, not doubting to find a remedy for
+all these evils and to retrieve their loss.
+
+In the latitude of Deseada, one of the islands, they took two sloops,
+which supplied them with provisions and other necessaries, and a few
+days afterwards took a brigantine belonging to Rhode Island, and then
+proceeded to Barbadoes, off of which island they fell in with a Bristol
+ship of ten guns, in her voyage out, from whom they took abundance of
+clothes, some money, twenty-five bales of goods, five barrels of
+powder, a cable, hawser, ten casks of oatmeal, six casks of beef, and
+several other goods, besides five of their men; and after they had
+detained her three days let her go, who, being bound for the aforesaid
+island, she acquainted the governor with what had happened as soon as
+she arrived.
+
+Whereupon a Bristol galley that lay in the harbor was ordered to be
+fitted out with all imaginable expedition, of 20 guns and 80 men, there
+being then no man-of-war upon that station, and also a sloop with 10
+guns and 40 men. The galley was commanded by one Captain Rogers, of
+Bristol, and the sloop by Captain Graves, of that island, and Captain
+Rogers, by a commission from the governor, was appointed commodore.
+
+The second day after Rogers sailed out of the harbor he was discovered
+by Roberts, who, knowing nothing of their design, gave them chase. The
+Barbadoes ships kept an easy sail till the pirates came up with them,
+and then Roberts gave them a gun, expecting they would have immediately
+struck to his piratical flag; but instead thereof, he was forced to
+receive the fire of a broadside, with three huzzas at the same time, so
+that an engagement ensued; but Roberts, being hardly put to it, was
+obliged to crowd all the sail the sloop would bear to get off. The
+galley, sailing pretty well, kept company for a long while, keeping a
+constant fire, which galled the pirate; however, at length, by throwing
+over their guns and other heavy goods, and thereby lightening the
+vessel, they, with much ado, got clear; but Roberts could never endure a
+Barbadoes man afterwards, and when any ships belonging to that island
+fell in his way, he was more particularly severe to them than others.
+
+Captain Roberts sailed in the sloop to the island of Dominico, where he
+watered and got provisions of the inhabitants, to whom he gave goods in
+exchange. At this place he met with thirteen Englishmen, who had been
+set ashore by a French Guard de la Coste, belonging to Martinico, taken
+out of two New England ships that had been seized as prizes by the said
+French sloop. The men willingly entered with the pirates, and it proved
+a seasonable recruiting.
+
+They stayed not long here, though they had immediate occasion for
+cleaning their sloop, but did not think this a proper place; and herein
+they judged right, for the touching at this island had like to have been
+their destruction, because they, having resolved to go away to the
+Granada Islands for the aforesaid purpose, by some accident it came to
+be known to the French colony, who, sending word to the governor of
+Martinico, he equipped and manned two sloops to go in quest of them. The
+pirates sailed directly for the Granadilloes, and hall'd into a lagoon
+at Corvocoo, where they cleaned with unusual dispatch, staying but a
+little above a week, by which expedition they missed of the Martinico
+sloops only a few hours, Roberts sailing overnight and the French
+arriving the next morning. This was a fortunate escape, especially
+considering that it was not from any fears of their being discovered
+that they made so much haste from the island, but, as they had the
+impudence themselves to own, for the want of wine and women.
+
+Thus narrowly escaped, they sailed for Newfoundland, and arrived upon
+the banks the latter end of June, 1720. They entered the harbor of
+Trepassi with their black colors flying, drums beating, and trumpets
+sounding. There were two-and-twenty vessels in the harbor, which the men
+all quitted upon the sight of the pirate, and fled ashore. It is
+impossible particularly to recount the destruction and havoc they made
+here, burning and sinking all the shipping except a Bristol galley, and
+destroying the fisheries and stages of the poor planters without remorse
+or compunction; for nothing is so deplorable as power in mean and
+ignorant hands--it makes men wanton and giddy, unconcerned at the
+misfortunes they are imposing on their fellow-creatures, and keeps them
+smiling at the mischiefs that bring themselves no advantage. They are
+like madmen that cast fire-brands, arrows, and death, and say, Are not
+we in sport?
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[11] A contemporary narrative. From _The Buccaneers of America_.
+
+[12] Avery was called "The King of the Pirates." See "The Daughter of
+the Great Mogul."
+
+
+
+
+NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTURE OF THE SHIP _DERBY_, 1735
+
+CAPTAIN ANSELM
+
+
+I fell in with the Land of _Madagascar_, the Latitude of about 24
+Degrees, 13 Minutes North: And some time before I had made it, I met
+with nothing but light Airs of Winds, and Calms, and continued so long.
+My People dropping down with the Scurvy, I took a small Still that I
+had, and distill'd Salt Water into Fresh. I allow'd them as much Pease
+and Flower as they could eat, that they might not eat any Salt
+Provision, tho' I boil'd it in fresh Water. I had been very liberal with
+my fresh Provision in my Passage, to my People, and the Passage so long,
+that I had hardly any left, and that only a few Fowls; and myself and
+Officers too had been much out of Order. At last, being got to the
+Northward of _Augustin_ Bay, seeing my poor People fall down so very
+fast, it gave me very great Concern for them, but still was willing, in
+Hopes of Change of Wind, for _Johanna_. But the small Airs trifled with
+me, and what there were Northerly, a Current setting to the Southward,
+that what to do I could not well tell. To go into _Augustin_ Bay I was
+very unwilling: I had two Boats came off to me, the People talking
+tolerable good _English_. At last, my Doctor, _Sharp_, told me there
+were above Thirty People down with the Scurvy, and all the rest, even
+some of the Petty Officers, were touch'd with the same. If I did not
+soon put into Port, I plainly found I should have been in a bad
+Condition, for Men; I consulted with my Officers, to go into _Augustin_
+Bay, and we agreed, and bore away for it. Soon after, the Wind came
+Southerly, and I bore away for _Johanna_. A fine Passage I had, and
+anchor'd the next Day about Four in the Afternoon, being _Sept._ 13. I
+thank God I brought all my People in alive, and that is as much I can
+say of a good many of them. I had a Tent made ashore for them, and
+supplied them all that ever I could, and the Doctors assisting with
+every thing in their Way for their speedy Recovery. After I had been
+here a Fortnight, the Winds in the Day-time set in very fresh from the
+N. N. W. to the N. N. E. Finding the People recover so very slowly, what
+to do I could not tell. To go out with my People as bad as when they
+came in, I was not willing, but resolv'd to have Patience one Week more.
+I consulted with Mr. _Rogers_, my Chief-Mate, and told him that we must
+consider the Condition of the People, and how we met the Winds and
+Currents before we came in. The People of the Island told me, that this
+was about the time of Year for the Northerly Winds and Southerly
+Currents, and I told him I thought it better to trim all our Casks, and
+fill what Water we could, fearing of a long Passage, if our Stay was a
+little longer. Mr. _Rogers_ was of my Opinion. This I must say, I found
+the Cask not so well used in the Hold, as they ought to have been, which
+caus'd the Coopers more Work; neither did I make a little Noise about
+it, because I had more Words with my Chief and Second Mate, about my
+Third and Fourth Mate, than any thing else.
+
+Having all my Water aboard, about 80 Tun, 25 Head of Oxen, _&c._, I
+sail'd the 13th of _October_, with several of my Men not recover'd; some
+I buried at _Johanna_, and some after, to the Number of Ten, or
+thereabouts. Having a fine Gale, I made all the Sail I could, except
+Studding-sails, which I thought needless. The Wind veer'd to the
+Northward, and I was resolved to make the _Mallabar_ Course as soon as
+possible, for the Advantage of the Land and Sea Winds. I had one
+Passenger aboard, a sad troublesome wicked Fellow, whose Behaviour was
+so bad, that I could hardly forbear using him ill. I forbid my Officers
+keeping Company with him; but Mr. _B----s_ would do it at all Events. I
+turn'd him once off the Quarter-Deck for being with him there, yet that
+did not avail. I came out one Night about half an Hour past Ten, my
+second Mate's Watch, and this _B----s's_ Turn to sleep; and seeing a
+Light in his Cabin, I sent Mr. _Cuddon_, the second Mate, to him, to
+know how he would be able to sit up one Watch, and keep his own. Upon
+this _B----s_ came up half way the Steerage-Ladder, with his Pipe in his
+Hand, and talk'd to me very pertly; and that was not the first time.
+This put me into a Passion, to be so talk'd to by a Boy, that I did
+dismiss him for two or three Days, and then re-stated him, which was
+more than he deserv'd, for keeping Company with him for whom the worst
+of Names is good enough, and those who recommended him to his
+Commission. _B----s_ was told of this by Mr. _Rogers_, by my Orders, and
+I told him of it on the Quarter-Deck, and told him at the same time I
+was resolv'd to tell the Gentlemen at Home of ----; and ask'd him what
+he imagin'd they would think of him for keeping such swearing drunken
+Company. This was before I dismiss'd him.
+
+Before I came in with the Land, hearing much talk of _Angria_,[13] by
+Capt. _Scarlet_, and Mr. _Rogers_, and of his great Force (for I had
+very little Notion of him before) I took care to put the Ship in a
+proper Posture of Defence: Powder-Chests on the Quarter-Deck, Poop, and
+Forecastle, a Puncheon fill'd with Water in the Main-top, a Hogshead in
+the Fore-top, and a Barrel in the Mizen-top, all fill'd with Water:
+Chests with good Coverings in the Tops for Grenado-Shells; all the small
+Arms, with 50 new ones in Readiness. My Ship being too deep to get the
+Gun-room Ports open, as the Gunner inform'd me, the Ship _sending_, and
+the Sea washing above the Tops of the Ports; I got those Guns into the
+Great Cabin; Quarter-Bills over the Guns; the Rewards and
+Close-quarters, _&c._ at the Mizen-mast, Shot-lockers and Shot in their
+proper Station; Pluggs for Shot-holes; and every thing that I could
+think of: and gave particular Orders to my Gunner, Carpenter, and
+Boatswain, to have every thing in their way, in Readiness, the two lower
+Yards flung with the Top-chains. Not being easy in my Mind about these
+Gun-room Stern-Ports, I sent Mr. _Rogers_, it being smooth Water, to
+open one of the Gun-room Stern-Ports, to see, if we could, on Occasion,
+get Guns out there, but he brought me Word it could not be done with
+Safety, the Ship being so deep. A few Days before I made the Land, the
+Winds used to vere and haul, that Offing in an Hour I could hardly up
+from E. N. E. to S. E. but the Winds chiefly kept to the Northward. I
+was very desirous to make the Land, not knowing how far the Southwest
+Currents might set me to the Westward. At noon, being _Dec._ 12, I made
+the Land of _Goa_, in the Latitude of 15 Degrees North. My Chief Mate
+wanted me to go into _Goa_, but I was resolved not, but to make the best
+of my Way for _Bombay_. The next Morning, having a fine Six-Knot-Gale,
+about Nine o' Clock Mr. _Rogers_ told me, he saw _Gereah_, and desired
+me to haul further off Shore, and said, if _Angria_ and his Grabbs
+should see us in his River, he would send them out after us. I asked
+him, if his Grabbs came out of Sight of Land. He told me they were
+afraid to do that, fearing the _Bombay_ Vessels should get between them
+and the Shore, and keep them out of their Ports. To prevent running into
+Danger, I kept out of Sight of Land: I thought it better to do so, since
+it would make but a few Days Difference in getting at _Bombay_; making
+no Doubt I should get there the last of the Month, as doubtless we
+should, if we had not met with our sad Misfortune.
+
+When it was too late, I was acquainted by those taken in the _Severn_,
+that Mr. _Rogers_ inform'd me wrong; for _Angria_ sometimes keeps the
+Shore aboard, and sometimes goes directly out to Sea 60 Leagues off. It
+was too late to reflect; neither could I blame myself, knowing I had
+done every thing to the best of my Judgment: But had I been better
+inform'd, it is my Opinion we might have escaped those cursed Dogs, by
+keeping in Shore, and taken the Advantage of the Land and Sea Winds.
+
+I have since repented that we did not go into _Goa_; but God knows
+whether a Man goes too fast or too slow; for I had certainly a very
+suitable Cargo for that Place; But my earnest Desire was to get to
+_Bombay_, the Season of the Year being far advanc'd.
+
+_December_ 26, being my second Mate's Morning Watch, about Five o' Clock
+he came to me, and told me he saw Nine Sail of Gallivats. I got up, and
+found them to be Five Top-mast Vessels, and Four Gallivats, not above
+two Miles from us. I order'd all Hands to be call'd, and down with the
+Cabins in the Steerage, which was done in an Instant, and every body to
+their respective Quarters. They came up with us apace, having but light
+Airs of Winds, and found them to be _Angria's_ Fleet. I had the Transome
+in the great Cabin, and the Balcony in the Round-house cut away, for
+traversing the Stern-Chase Guns. They came up with me very boldly within
+Pistol-shot. Before Six, they began firing upon us, throwing their Shot
+in at our Stern, raking us afore and aft. I order'd everything to be got
+ready for going about, to give them my Broad-side, when my Chief-Mate
+Mr. _Rogers_, and my Third Mate Mr. _Burroughs_ came to me, and begg'd
+that I would not put about, for if I did, they would certainly board us.
+As to my Part, being a Stranger to this Coast and _Angria_, knowing my
+Chief Mate had been often this Way, and my Third Mate had sail'd in the
+Gallies, I was over prevail'd upon not to tack about. As the Enemy kept
+under my Stern, playing their Shot in very hot upon us, and destroying
+my Rigging so fast, I soon after endeavour'd to wear the Ship upon the
+Enemy; but the Wind dying away to a Calm, she would not regard her Helm,
+but lay like a Log in the Water. By Eight o' Clock most of my Rigging
+was destroy'd, and the Long-boat taking Fire a-stern, was forc'd to cut
+her away. The Yaul being stove by their shot, we launch'd her overboard.
+By Nine, the Top-chain that flung the Main-yard, was shot away, with
+Geer and Geer-Blocks. The Main-yard came next down, with the Sails
+almost torn to Pieces with the Shot. As fast as our People knotted and
+spliced the Rigging, it was shot away in their Hands. The Water-Tubs in
+the Tops were shot to pieces, and the Boatswain's Mate's Leg shot off in
+the Main-top. One of the Foremast-Men's Leg was shot off in the
+Fore-top, and one wounded. By Ten, the Mizen-mast was shot by the Board.
+Wanting People to cut the Mast-Rigging, _&c._ from her Side, found them
+appear very thin upon Deck, and desired my younger Mates to drive them
+out of their Holes. Word was then brought me, that my Chief Mate's Leg
+was shot off, but that he was in good Heart. All this time it was a
+Calm, and our Guns of the Broad-side of no Service, not being able,
+during the Engagement, to bring one Gun to bear upon them. They kept
+throwing their shot so thick in at our Stern, with a continual Fire, and
+we return'd it as fast as we could load and fire. About One, my
+Main-mast was shot by the Board, and the Fall of that stove the Pinnace
+on the Booms. The Loss of my Main-mast gave me a very great Concern, and
+seeing the Condition of the Fore-mast, the Fore-yard half way down, and
+the Top-sail Yard-arm sprung in several Places, the Head of the
+Top-gallant-Mast shot away, render'd that Mast quite useless. I could
+not see which way it was in the Power of Men to save us from these Dogs.
+However, I made myself as easy as could be expected, and kept my
+Thoughts to myself. Tho' the Shot were like Hail about my Ears, I thank
+God I escaped them, neither did they give me much Uneasiness as to my
+Person. The Grabbs perceiving their great Advantage by the Fall of our
+Main-mast, _&c._ tho' all the time before within Musket-Shot, come up
+boldly within Call, throwing in at our Stern Double-round and Partridge
+as fast as they could load and fire; we doing the same with Bolts, _&c._
+We saw a great many Holes in their Sails. Soon after this, they lodg'd
+two Double-head-Shot, and a large Stone in the Fore-mast, the Shrowds of
+which were mostly gone. I often sent Capt. _Scarlet_ to Mr. _Cudden_, to
+encourage the People, and to take care to cool his Guns, and not fire in
+Haste, but take good Aim. We received two Double-headed-Shot in the
+Bread-room, which were soon plugg'd up, and one Shot under the Larboard
+Chesstree, but so low in the Water, that could not get at it, and the
+Ship prov'd leaky. I had a Pack of sad cowardly, ignorant Dogs as ever
+came into a Ship. As to my common Sailors, who were not above Twelve
+Seamen, with the Officers, they stood by me. It was all owing to my
+Misfortune on the _Mouse_, that I was so poorly Mann'd. As to my Third
+Mate, _B----s_, he did not seem to stomach what he was about; he was
+sometimes on the Quarter-Deck (not being able to use any Guns but the
+Stern-Chase) and every Shot the Enemy fir'd, he cowardly trembled, with
+his Head almost down to the Deck. This Captain _Scarlet_ has often
+declared to the Gentlemen at _Bombay_, and before those that are now
+coming Home. I had six Men kill'd, and six their Legs shot off, with
+several others wounded by their Partridge-Shot, _&c._ Had our People
+kept the Deck like Men, there must have been several more kill'd and
+wounded. About Three, I heard a great Call for Shot, and desired Capt.
+_Scarlet_ to go to Mr. _Cuddon_, and tell him not to fire in Waste.
+
+We lay now just like a Wreck in the Sea, and at our Wits Ends. Our Shot
+being almost spent, we had a Hole cut in the Well to try to come at the
+Company's. We continued on with Double-round and Partridge, and Bolts,
+_&c._ with a Double Allowance of Powder to each Gun, doing the utmost we
+could to save the Ship. The Tiller-rope was now shot away, tho' of no
+Service before. The Carpenter told me the Ship made a great deal of
+Water, and had above two Foot in her Hold. The Caulker afterwards told
+me she had three Foot. I saw nothing we could do more than firing our
+Stern-Chase. There was a sad Complaint for Shot; however we fir'd Bolts.
+I call'd out to the People to have good Hearts, and went into the
+Round-house to encourage them there. It was very hard we could stand no
+Chance for a Mast of theirs, nor no lucky Shot to disable some of them,
+in all the Number that we fir'd. As to our small Arms, they were of
+little Service, they keeping their Men so close. The Rigging of the
+Foremast being gone, and that fetching so much way, I expected it to go
+every Minute; and about Seven in the Evening, the Ship falling off into
+the Trough of the Sea, the Foremast came by the Board. It was now about
+Four o' Clock, when Mr. _Thomas Rogers_, my Chief Mate, sent my Steward
+to desire to speak with me. When I went to him, he spoke to me to this
+Purpose. "Sir," says he, "I am inform'd what Condition the Ship is in;
+as her Masts are gone, you had better not be obstinate, in standing out
+longer; it will only be the Means of making more Objects, of murdering
+more Men, and all to no Purpose, but to be used worse by the Enemy, for
+it is impossible to get away. Therefore you had better surrender." To
+the best of my Knowledge, I hardly made him any Answer; nor had I,
+before he sent to me, the least Thoughts of surrendering, which I
+declare before God and Man; tho' I was well convinc'd within myself,
+that it was impossible to save the Ship. I went up to my old Station the
+Quarter-Deck, and took several Turns, as usual, and proceeded in the
+Engagement. I begun to consider what Mr. _Rogers_ told me, and the
+Condition of the Ship, and argue within myself the Impossibility of
+doing any more (for if a Gale had sprung up, it could be of no Service)
+and all the time from the Fall of our Main-mast, the Enemy were got so
+near, that I could hear them talk, and my Second Mate did the same. As
+to our Masts, they had gain'd their Ends, and their only Business now
+was to fire at the Hull. There was no Hopes of their leaving us,
+considering the condition they had brought us to, and it could not be
+long before we sunk: for as they lay so near us, and so low in Water,
+our Shot must doubtless fly over them. At last I was of Mr. _Rogers's_
+Opinion, that it was only sacrificing the Men to no Purpose; for they
+had so large a Mark of us, they could not miss us; and during all the
+Engagement, as they play'd their Shot so hot at our Stern, it is
+surprizing there were not many more Men Kill'd. I then sent for my
+Second and Third Mate, and told them Mr. _Rogers's_ Opinion and my own.
+They both agreed to it, and consented to the surrendering of the Ship.
+So we submitted to the Enemy, finding it in vain to proceed. By my Watch
+it was Five o' Clock. My Second and Third Mate went in to the Steerage
+to forbid firing, and myself in the Round-House, did the same. Every
+Body seem'd to be very well satisfied as to the surrendering Part, and
+no Objection was made. Colours we had none to strike; those and the
+Ensign-Staff were shot to Pieces; and what was left of the Ensign being
+made fast to the Main-Shrowds, went with the Mast. Capt. _Scarlet_ went
+into the Round-House, and call'd the Enemy on board, and told them we
+had no Boats. They sent their Dingey aboard with Four Men for me and my
+chief Officers. They left Two of the Four aboard the _Derby_. Myself and
+my Second Mate went in the Dingey aboard the Grabb. We were gone an Hour
+and a half good, if not more; then we return'd in a Gallivat with 50 or
+60 Men, but not a Soul went aboard the _Derby_, till we return'd. Then
+came aboard more Gallivats and more Men, and secured the Arms, _&c._ and
+drove our People up, some to the Pumps, and some to clear the Rigging
+off the Ship's Side. They transkipt to their Grabbs what Treasure could
+be got at, and the next Day turn'd out the Remainder, with myself,
+_Scarlet_, _Cuddon_, the two Ladies, and my Servants, into one of the
+Grabbs.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[13] A noted pirate.
+
+
+
+
+FRANCIS LOLONOIS
+
+THE SLAVE WHO BECAME A PIRATE KING[14]
+
+JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Francis Lolonois was a native of that territory in France which is
+called Les Sables d'Olone, or The Sands of Olone. In his youth he was
+transported to the Caribbee islands, in quality of servant, or slave,
+according to custom. Having served his time, he came to Hispaniola; here
+he joined for some time with the hunters, before he began his robberies
+upon the Spaniards.
+
+At first he made two or three voyages as a common mariner, wherein he
+behaved himself so courageously as to gain the favor of the governor of
+Tortuga, Monsieur de la Place; insomuch that he gave him a ship, in
+which he might seek his fortune, which was very favorable to him at
+first; for in a short time he got great riches. But his cruelties
+against the Spaniards were such, that the fame of them made him so well
+known through the Indies, that the Spaniards, in his time, would choose
+rather to die, or sink fighting, than surrender, knowing they should
+have no mercy at his hands. But Fortune, being seldom constant, after
+some time turned her back; for in a huge storm he lost his ship on the
+coast of Campechy. The men were all saved, but coming upon dry land, the
+Spaniards pursued them, and killed the greatest part, wounding also
+Lolonois. Not knowing how to escape, he saved his life by a stratagem;
+mingling sand with the blood of his wounds, with which besmearing his
+face, and other parts of his body, and hiding himself dextrously among
+the dead, he continued there till the Spaniards quitted the field.
+
+They being gone, he retired to the woods and bound up his wounds as well
+as he could. These being pretty well healed, he took his way to
+Campechy, having disguised himself in a Spanish habit; here he enticed
+certain slaves, to whom he promised liberty if they would obey him and
+trust to his conduct. They accepted his promises, and stealing a canoe,
+they went to sea with him. Now the Spaniards, having made several of his
+companions prisoners, kept them close in a dungeon, while Lolonois went
+about the town and saw what passed. These were often asked, "What is
+become of your captain?" To whom they constantly answered, "He is dead:"
+which rejoiced the Spaniards, who made thanks to God for their
+deliverance from such a cruel pirate. Lolonois, having seen these
+rejoicings for his death, made haste to escape, with the slaves
+above-mentioned, and came safe to Tortuga, the common refuge of all
+sorts of wickedness, and the seminary, as it were, of pirates and
+thieves. Though now his fortune was low, yet he got another ship with
+craft and subtlety, and in it twenty-one men. Being well provided with
+arms and necessaries, he set forth for Cuba, on the south whereof is a
+small village, called De los Cayos. The inhabitants drive a great trade
+in tobacco, sugar, and hides, and all in boats, not being able to use
+ships, by reason of the little depth of that sea.
+
+Lolonois was persuaded he should get here some considerable prey; but by
+the good fortune of some fishermen who saw him, and the mercy of God,
+they escaped him: for the inhabitants of the town dispatched immediately
+a vessel overland to the Havannah, complaining that Lolonois was come to
+destroy them with two canoes. The governor could hardly believe this,
+having received letters from Campechy that he was dead: but, at their
+importunity, he sent a ship for their relief, with ten guns and ninety
+men, well armed; giving them this express command, "that they should not
+return into his presence without having totally destroyed those
+pirates." To this effect he gave them a negro to serve for a hangman,
+and orders, "that they should immediately hang every one of the pirates,
+excepting Lolonois, their captain, whom they should bring alive to the
+Havannah." This ship arrived at Cayos, of whose coming the pirates were
+advertised beforehand, and instead of flying, went to seek it in the
+river Estera, where she rode at anchor. The pirates seized some
+fishermen, and forced them by night to show them the entry of the port,
+hoping soon to obtain a greater vessel than their two canoes, and
+thereby to mend their fortune. They arrived, after two in the morning,
+very nigh the ship; and the watch on board the ship asking them, whence
+they came, and if they had seen any pirates abroad. They caused one of
+the prisoners to answer, they had seen no pirates, nor anything else.
+Which answer made them believe that they were fled upon hearing of their
+coming.
+
+But they soon found the contrary, for about break of day the pirates
+assaulted the vessel on both sides, with their two canoes, with such
+vigor, that though the Spaniards behaved themselves as they ought, and
+made as good defense as they could, making some use of their great guns,
+yet they were forced to surrender, being beaten by the pirates, with
+sword in hand, down under the hatches. From hence Lolonois commanded
+them to be brought up, one by one, and in this order caused their heads
+to be struck off. Among the rest came up the negro, designed to be the
+pirates' executioner; this fellow implored mercy at his hands very
+dolefully, telling Lolonois he was constituted hangman of that ship, and
+if he would spare him, he would tell him faithfully all that he should
+desire. Lolonois, making him confess what he thought fit, commanded him
+to be murdered with the rest. Thus he cruelly and barbarously put them
+all to death, reserving only one alive, whom he sent back to the
+governor of the Havannah, with this message in writing: "I shall never
+henceforward give quarter to any Spaniard whatsoever; and I have great
+hopes I shall execute on your own person the very same punishment I have
+done upon them you sent against me. Thus I have retaliated the kindness
+you designed to me and my companions." The governor, much troubled at
+this bad news, swore, in the presence of many, that he would never grant
+quarter to any pirate that should fall into his hands. But the citizens
+of the Havannah desired him not to persist in the execution of that rash
+and rigorous oath, seeing the pirates would certainly take occasion from
+thence to do the same, and they had an hundred times more opportunity of
+revenge than he; that being necessitated to get their livelihood by
+fishery, they should hereafter always be in danger of their lives. By
+these reasons he was persuaded to bridle his anger, and remit the
+severity of his oath.
+
+Now Lolonois had got a good ship, but very few provisions and people in
+it; to purchase both which he resolved to cruise from one port to
+another. Doing thus, for some time, without success, he determined to go
+to the port of Maracaibo. Here he surprised a ship laden with plate, and
+other merchandises, outward bound, to buy cocoa-nuts. With this prize he
+returned to Tortuga, where he was received with joy by the inhabitants;
+they congratulating his happy success, and their own private interest.
+He stayed not long there, but designed to equip a fleet sufficient to
+transport five hundred men, and necessaries. Thus provided, he resolved
+to pillage both cities, towns, and villages, and finally, to take
+Maracaibo itself. For this purpose he knew the island of Tortuga would
+afford him many resolute and courageous men, fit for such enterprises:
+besides, he had in his service several prisoners well acquainted with
+the ways and places designed upon.
+
+Of this design Lolonois giving notice to all the pirates, whether at
+home or abroad, he got together, in a little while, above four hundred
+men; beside which, there was then in Tortuga another pirate, named
+Michael de Basco, who, by his piracy, had got riches sufficient to live
+at ease, and go no more abroad; having, withal, the office of major of
+the island. But seeing the great preparations that Lolonois made for
+this expedition, he joined him, and offered him, that if he would make
+him his chief captain by land (seeing he knew the country very well, and
+all its avenues) he would share in his fortunes, and go with him. They
+agreed upon articles to the great joy of Lolonois, knowing that Basco
+had done great actions in Europe, and had the repute of a good soldier.
+Thus they all embarked in eight vessels, that of Lolonois being the
+greatest, having ten guns of indifferent carriage.
+
+All things being ready, and the whole company on board, they set sail
+together about the end of April, being, in all, six hundred and sixty
+persons. They steered for that part called Bayala, north of Hispaniola:
+here they took into their company some French hunters, who voluntarily
+offered themselves, and here they provided themselves with victuals and
+necessaries for their voyage.
+
+From hence they sailed again the last of July, and steered directly to
+the eastern cape of the isle called Punta d'Espada. Hereabouts espying a
+ship from Puerto Rico, bound for New Spain, laden with cocoa-nuts,
+Lolonois commanded the rest of the fleet to wait for him near Savona, on
+the east of Cape Punta d'Espada, he alone intending to take the said
+vessel. The Spaniards, though they had been in sight full two hours, and
+knew them to be pirates, yet would not flee, but prepared to fight,
+being well armed, and provided. The combat lasted three hours, and then
+they surrendered. This ship had sixteen guns, and fifty fighting men
+aboard: they found in her 120,000 weight of cocoa, 40,000
+pieces-of-eight, and the value of 10,000 more, in jewels. Lolonois sent
+the vessel presently to Tortuga to be unladed, with orders to return as
+soon as possible to Savona, where he would wait for them: meanwhile, the
+rest of the fleet being arrived at Savona, met another Spanish vessel
+coming from Coman, with military provisions to Hispaniola, and money to
+pay the garrisons there. This vessel they also took, without any
+resistance, though mounted with eight guns. In it were 7,000 weight of
+powder, a great number of muskets, and like things, with 12,000
+pieces-of-eight.
+
+These successes encouraged the pirates, they seeming very lucky
+beginnings, especially finding their fleet pretty well recruited in a
+little time: for the first ship arriving at Tortuga, the governor
+ordered it to be instantly unladen, and soon after sent back, with fresh
+provisions, and other necessaries, to Lolonois. This ship he chose for
+himself, and gave that which he commanded to his comrade, Anthony du
+Puis. Being thus recruited with men in lieu of them he had lost in
+taking the prizes, and by sickness, he found himself in a good condition
+to set sail for Maracaibo, in the province of Neuva Venezuela, in the
+latitude of 12 deg. 10 min. north. This island is twenty leagues long,
+and twelve broad. To this port also belong the islands of Onega and
+Monges. The east side thereof is called Cape St. Roman, and the western
+side Cape of Caquibacoa: the gulf is called, by some, the Gulf of
+Venezuela, but the pirates usually call it the Bay of Maracaibo.
+
+At the entrance of this gulf are two islands extending from east to
+west; that towards the east is called Isla de las Vigilias, or the Watch
+Isle; because in the middle is a high hill, on which stands a
+watch-house. The other is called Isla de la Palomas, or the Isle of
+Pigeons. Between these two islands runs a little sea, or rather lake of
+fresh water, sixty leagues long, and thirty broad; which disgorging
+itself into the ocean, dilates itself about the said two islands.
+Between them is the best passage for ships, the channel being no broader
+than the flight of a great gun, of about eight pounds. On the Isle of
+Pigeons standeth a castle, to impede the entry of vessels, all being
+necessitated to come very nigh the castle, by reason of two banks of
+sand on the other side, with only fourteen feet water. Many other banks
+of sand there are in this lake; as that called El Tablazo, or the Great
+Table, no deeper than ten feet, forty leagues within the lake; others
+there are, that have no more than six, seven, or eight feet in depth:
+all are very dangerous, especially to mariners unacquainted with them.
+West hereof is the city of Maracaibo, very pleasant to the view, its
+houses being built along the shore, having delightful prospects all
+round: the city may contain three or four thousand persons, slaves
+included, all which make a town of reasonable bigness. There are judged
+to be about eight hundred persons able to bear arms, all Spaniards. Here
+are one parish church, well built and adorned, four monasteries, and one
+hospital. The city is governed by a deputy governor, substituted by the
+governor of the Caraccas. The trade here exercised is mostly in hides
+and tobacco. The inhabitants possess great numbers of cattle, and many
+plantations, which extend thirty leagues in the country, especially
+towards the great town of Gibraltar, where are gathered great quantities
+of cocoa-nuts, and all other garden fruits, which serve for the regale
+and sustenance of the inhabitants of Maracaibo, whose territories are
+much drier than those of Gibraltar. Hither those of Maracaibo send great
+quantities of flesh, they making returns in oranges, lemons, and other
+fruits; for the inhabitants of Gibraltar want flesh, their fields not
+being capable of feeding cows or sheep.
+
+Before Maracaibo is a very spacious and secure port, wherein may be
+built all sorts of vessels, having great convenience of timber, which
+may be transported thither at little charge. Nigh the town lies also a
+small island called Borrica, where they feed great numbers of goats,
+which cattle the inhabitants use more for their skins than their flesh
+or milk; they slighting these two, unless while they are tender and
+young kids. In the fields are fed some sheep, but of a very small size.
+In some islands of the lake, and in other places hereabouts, are many
+savage Indians, called by the Spaniards bravoes, or wild: these could
+never be reduced by the Spaniards, being brutish, and untameable. They
+dwell mostly towards the west side of the lake, in little huts built on
+trees growing in the water; so to keep themselves from innumerable
+mosquitoes, or gnats, which infest and torment them night and day. To
+the east of the said lake are whole towns of fishermen, who likewise
+live in huts built on trees, as the former. Another reason of this
+dwelling, is the frequent inundations; for after great rains, the land
+is often overflown for two or three leagues, there being no less than
+twenty-five great rivers that feed this lake. The town of Gibraltar is
+also frequently drowned by these, so that the inhabitants are
+constrained to retire to their plantations.
+
+Gibraltar, situate at the side of the lake about forty leagues within
+it, receives its provisions of flesh, as has been said, from Maracaibo.
+The town is inhabited by about 1,500 persons, whereof four hundred may
+bear arms; the greatest part of them keep shops, wherein they exercise
+one trade or another. In the adjacent fields are numerous plantations of
+sugar and cocoa, in which are many tall and beautiful trees, of whose
+timber houses may be built, and ships. Among these are many handsome and
+proportionable cedars, seven or eight feet about, of which they can
+build boats and ships, so as to bear only one great sail; such vessels
+being called piraguas. The whole country is well furnished with rivers
+and brooks, very useful in droughts, being then cut into many little
+channels to water their fields and plantations. They plant also much
+tobacco, well esteemed in Europe, and for its goodness is called there
+_tobacco de sacerdotes_, or priest's tobacco. They enjoy nigh twenty
+leagues of jurisdiction, which is bounded by very high mountains
+perpetually covered with snow. On the other side of these mountains is
+situate a great city called Merida, to which the town of Gibraltar is
+subject. All merchandise is carried hence to the aforesaid city on
+mules, and that but at one season of the year, by reason of the
+excessive cold in those high mountains. On the said mules returns are
+made in flour of meal, which comes from towards Peru, by the way of
+Estaffe.
+
+Lolonois arriving at the gulf of Venezuela, cast anchor with his whole
+fleet out of sight of the Vigilia or Watch Isle; next day very early he
+set sail thence with all his ships for the lake of Maracaibo, where they
+cast anchor again; then they landed their men, with design to attack
+first the fortress that commanded the bar, therefore called _de la
+barra_. This fort consisted only of several great baskets of earth
+placed on a rising ground, planted with sixteen great guns, with several
+other heaps of earth round about for covering their men: the pirates
+having landed a league off this fort, advanced by degrees towards it;
+but the governor having espied their landing, had placed an ambuscade to
+cut them off behind, while he should attack them in front. This the
+pirates discovered, and getting before, they defeated it so entirely,
+that not a man could retreat to the castle: this done, Lolonois, with
+his companions, advanced immediately to the fort, and after a fight of
+almost three hours, with the usual desperation of this sort of people,
+they became masters thereof, without any other arms than swords and
+pistols: while they were fighting, those who were the routed ambuscade,
+not being able to get into the castle, retired into Maracaibo in great
+confusion and disorder, crying "The pirates will presently be here with
+two thousand men and more." The city having formerly been taken by this
+kind of people, and sacked to the uttermost, had still an idea of that
+misery; so that upon these dismal news they endeavored to escape towards
+Gibraltar in their boats and canoes, carrying with them all the goods
+and money they could. Being come to Gibraltar, they told how the
+fortress was taken, and nothing had been saved, nor any persons escaped.
+
+The castle thus taken by the pirates, they presently signified to the
+ships their victory, that they should come farther in without fear of
+danger: the rest of that day was spent in ruining and demolishing the
+said castle. They nailed the guns, and burnt as much as they could not
+carry away, burying the dead, and sending on board the fleet the
+wounded. Next day, very early, they weighed anchor, and steered directly
+towards Maracaibo, about six leagues distant from the fort; but the wind
+failing that day, they could advance little, being forced to await the
+tide. Next morning they came in sight of the town, and prepared for
+landing under the protection of their own guns, fearing the Spaniards
+might have laid an ambuscade in the woods. They put their men into
+canoes, brought for that purpose, and landed, shooting meanwhile
+furiously with their great guns. Of those in the canoes, half only went
+ashore, the other half remained aboard. They fired from the ships as
+fast as possible, towards the woody part of the shore, but could
+discover nobody; then they entered the town, whose inhabitants were
+retired to the woods, and Gibraltar, with their wives children and
+families. Their houses they left well provided with victuals, as flour,
+bread, pork, brandy, wines, and poultry, and with these the pirates fell
+to making good cheer, for in four weeks before they had no opportunity
+of filling their stomachs with such plenty.
+
+They instantly possessed themselves of the best houses in the town, and
+placed sentinels wherever they thought necessary;--the great church
+served them for their main guard. Next day they sent out an hundred and
+sixty men to find out some of the inhabitants in the woods thereabouts.
+These returned the same night, bringing with them 20,000
+pieces-of-eight, several mules laden with household goods and
+merchandise, and twenty prisoners, men, women, and children. Some of
+these were put to the rack, to make them confess where they had hid the
+rest of the goods; but they could extort very little from them.
+Lolonois, who valued not murdering, though in cold blood, ten or twelve
+Spaniards, drew his cutlass, and hacked one to pieces before the rest,
+saying, "If you do not confess and declare where you have hid the rest
+of your goods, I will do the like to all your companions." At last,
+amongst these horrible cruelties and inhuman threats, one promised to
+show the place where the rest of the Spaniards were hid. But those that
+were fled, having intelligence of it, changed place, and buried the
+remnant of their riches underground, so that the pirates could not find
+them out, unless some of their own party should reveal them. Besides,
+the Spaniards flying from one place to another every day, and often
+changing woods, were jealous even of each other, so that the father
+durst scarce trust his own son.
+
+After the pirates had been fifteen days in Maracaibo, they resolved for
+Gibraltar; but the inhabitants having received intelligence thereof, and
+that they intended afterwards to go to Merida, gave notice of it to the
+governor there, who was a valiant soldier, and had been an officer in
+Flanders. His answer was, "he would have them take no care, for he hoped
+in a little while to exterminate the said pirates." Whereupon he came to
+Gibraltar with four hundred men well armed, ordering at the same time
+the inhabitants to put themselves in arms, so that in all he made eight
+hundred fighting men. With the same speed he raised a battery toward the
+sea, mounted with twenty guns, covered with great baskets of earth:
+another battery he placed in another place, mounted with eight guns.
+This done, he barricaded a narrow passage to the town through which the
+pirates must pass, opening at the same time another one through much
+dirt and mud into a wood which was totally unknown to the pirates.
+
+The pirates, ignorant of these preparations, having embarked all their
+prisoners and booty, took their way towards Gibraltar. Being come in
+sight of the place, they saw the royal standard hanging forth, and that
+those of the town designed to defend their homes. Lolonois seeing this,
+called a council of war what they ought to do, telling his officers and
+mariners, "That the difficulty of the enterprise was very great, seeing
+the Spaniards had had so much time to put themselves in a posture of
+defense, and had got a good body of men together, with much ammunition;
+but notwithstanding," said he, "have a good courage; we must either
+defend ourselves like good soldiers, or lose our lives with all the
+riches we have got. Do as I shall do who am your captain: at other times
+we have fought with fewer men than we have in our company at present,
+and yet we have overcome greater numbers than there possibly can be in
+this town: the more they are, the more glory and the greater riches we
+shall gain." The pirates supposed that all the riches of the inhabitants
+of Maracaibo were transported to Gibraltar, or at least the greatest
+part. After this speech, they all promised to follow, and obey him.
+Lolonois made answer, "'Tis well; but know ye, withal, that the first
+man who shall show any fear, or the least apprehension thereof, I will
+pistol him with my own hands."
+
+With this resolution they cast anchor nigh the shore, near
+three-quarters of a league from the town: next day before sun-rising,
+they landed three hundred and eighty men well provided, and armed every
+one with a cutlass, and one or two pistols, and sufficient powder and
+bullet for thirty charges. Here they all shook hands in testimony of
+good courage, and began their march, Lolonois speaking thus, "Come, my
+brethren, follow me, and have good courage." They followed their guide,
+who, believing he led them well, brought them to the way which the
+governor had barricaded. Not being able to pass that way, they went to
+the other newly made in the wood among the mire, which the Spaniards
+could shoot into at pleasure; but the pirates, full of courage, cut down
+the branches of trees and threw them on the way, that they might not
+stick in the dirt. Meanwhile, those of Gibraltar fired with their great
+guns so furiously, they could scarce hear nor see for the noise and
+smoke. Being passed the wood, they came on firm ground, where they met
+with a battery of six guns, which immediately the Spaniards discharged
+upon them, all loaded with small bullets and pieces of iron; and the
+Spaniards sallying forth, set upon them with such fury, as caused the
+pirates to give way, few of them caring to advance towards the fort,
+many of them being already killed and wounded. This made them go back to
+seek another way; but the Spaniards having cut down many trees to hinder
+the passage, they could find none, but were forced to return to that
+they had left. Here the Spaniards continued to fire as before, nor would
+they sally out of their batteries to attack them any more. Lolonois and
+his companions not being able to climb up the bastion of earth, were
+compelled to use an old stratagem, wherewith at last they deceived and
+overcame the Spaniards.
+
+Lolonois retired suddenly with all his men, making show as if he fled;
+hereupon the Spaniards crying out "They flee, they flee, let us follow
+them," sallied forth with great disorder to the pursuit. Being drawn to
+some distance from the batteries, which was the pirates only design,
+they turned upon them unexpectedly with sword in hand, and killed above
+two hundred men; and thus fighting their way through those who remained,
+they possessed themselves of the batteries. The Spaniards that remained
+abroad, giving themselves over for lost, fled to the woods: those in the
+battery of eight guns surrendered themselves, obtaining quarter for
+their lives. The pirates being now become masters of the town, pulled
+down the Spanish colors and set up their own, taking prisoners as many
+as they could find. These they carried to the great church, where they
+raised a battery of several great guns, fearing lest the Spaniards that
+were fled should rally, and come upon them again; but next day, being
+all fortified, their fears were over. They gathered the dead to bury
+them, being above five hundred Spaniards, besides the wounded in the
+town, and those that died of their wounds in the woods. The pirates had
+also above one hundred and fifty prisoners, and nigh five hundred
+slaves, many women and children.
+
+Of their own companions only forty were killed, and almost eighty
+wounded, whereof the greatest part died through the bad air, which
+brought fevers and other illness. They put the slain Spaniards into two
+great boats, and carrying them a quarter of a league to sea, they sunk
+the boats; this done, they gathered all the plate, household stuff, and
+merchandise they could, or thought convenient to carry away. The
+Spaniards who had anything left had hid it carefully; but the
+unsatisfied pirates, not contented with the riches they had got, sought
+for more goods and merchandise, not sparing those who lived in the
+fields, such as hunters and planters. They had scarce been eighteen days
+on the place, when the greatest part of the prisoners died for hunger.
+For in the town were few provisions, especially of flesh, though they
+had some, but no sufficient quantity of flour of meal, and this the
+pirates had taken for themselves, as they also took the swine, cows,
+sheep, and poultry, without allowing any share to the poor prisoners.
+For these they only provided some small quantity of mules' and asses'
+flesh; and many who could not eat of that loathsome provision died for
+hunger, their stomachs not being accustomed to such sustenance. Of the
+prisoners many also died under the torment they sustained to make them
+discover their money or jewels; and of these, some had none, nor knew of
+none, and others denying what they knew, endured such horrible deaths.
+
+Finally, after having been in possession of the town four entire weeks,
+they sent four of the prisoners to the Spaniards that were fled to the
+woods, demanding of them a ransom for not burning the town. The sum
+demanded was 10,000 pieces-of-eight, which if not sent, they threatened
+to reduce it to ashes. For bringing in this money, they allowed them
+only two days; but the Spaniards not having been able to gather so
+punctually such a sum, the pirates fired many parts of the town;
+whereupon the inhabitants begged them to help quench the fire, and the
+ransom should be readily paid. The pirates condescended, helping as much
+as they could to stop the fire; but, notwithstanding all their best
+endeavors, one part of the town was ruined, especially the church
+belonging to the monastery was burned down. After they had received the
+said sum, they carried aboard all the riches they had got, with a great
+number of slaves which had not paid the ransom; for all the prisoners
+had sums of money set upon them, and the slaves were also commanded to
+be redeemed. Thence they returned to Maracaibo, where being arrived,
+they found a general consternation in the whole city, to which they sent
+three or four prisoners to tell the governor and inhabitants, "they
+should bring them 30,000 pieces-of-eight aboard their ships, for a
+ransom of their houses, otherwise they should be sacked anew and
+burned."
+
+Among these debates a party of pirates came on shore, and carried away
+the images, pictures, and bells of the great church, aboard the fleet.
+The Spaniards who were sent to demand the sum aforesaid returned, with
+orders to make some agreement; who concluded with the pirates to give
+for their ransom and liberty 20,000 pieces-of-eight, and five hundred
+cows, provided that they should commit no further hostilities, but
+depart thence presently after payment of money and cattle. The one and
+the other being delivered, the whole fleet set sail, causing great joy
+to the inhabitants of Maracaibo, to see themselves quit of them: but
+three days after they renewed their fears with admiration, seeing the
+pirates appear again, and re-enter the port with all their ships: but
+these apprehensions vanished, upon hearing one of the pirate's errand,
+who came ashore from Lolonois, "to demand a skilful pilot to conduct one
+of the greatest ships over the dangerous bank that lieth at the very
+entry of the lake." Which petition, or rather command, was instantly
+granted.
+
+They had now been full two months in these towns, wherein they committed
+those cruel and insolent actions we have related. Departing thence, they
+took their course to Hispaniola, and arrived there in eight days,
+casting anchor in a port called Isla de la Vacca, or Cow Island. This
+island is inhabited by French buccaneers, who mostly sell the flesh they
+hunt to pirates and others, who now and then put in there to victual, or
+trade. Here they unladed their whole cargazon of riches, the usual
+storehouse of the pirates being commonly under the shelter of the
+buccaneers. Here they made a dividend of all their prizes and gains,
+according to the orders and degree of every one, as has been mentioned
+before. Having made an exact calculation of all their plunder, they
+found in ready money 260,000 pieces-of-eight: this being divided, every
+one received for his share in money, as also in silk, linen, and other
+commodities, to the value of 100 pieces-of-eight. Those who had been
+wounded received their first part, after the rate mentioned before, for
+the loss of their limbs: then they weighed all the plate uncoined,
+reckoning ten pieces-of-eight to a pound; the jewels were prized
+indifferently, either too high or too low, by reason of their ignorance:
+this done, every one was put to his oath again, that he had not smuggled
+anything from the common stock. Hence they proceeded to the dividend of
+the shares of such as were dead in battle, or otherwise: these shares
+were given to their friends, to be kept entire for them, and to be
+delivered in due time to their nearest relations, or their apparent
+lawful heirs.
+
+The whole dividend being finished, they set sail for Tortuga. Here they
+arrived a month after, to the great joy of most of the island; for as to
+the common pirates, in three weeks they had scarce any money left,
+having spent it all in things of little value, or lost it at play. Here
+had arrived, not long before them, two French ships, with wine and
+brandy, and suchlike commodities; whereby these liquors, at the arrival
+of the pirates, were indifferent cheap. But this lasted not long, for
+soon after they were enhanced extremely, a gallon of brandy being sold
+for four pieces-of-eight. The governor of the island bought of the
+pirates the whole cargo of the ship laden with cocoa, giving for that
+rich commodity scarce the twentieth part of its worth. Thus they made
+shift to lose and spend the riches they had got, in much less time than
+they were obtained. The taverns and stews, according to the custom of
+pirates, got the greatest part; so that, soon after, they were forced to
+seek more by the same unlawful means they had got the former.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[14] _The Buccaneers of America._
+
+
+
+
+THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE _DORRILL_ AND THE _MOCA_[15]
+
+
+These truly representeth a scheem of what misfortune has befell us as we
+were going through the streights of Malacca, in the persuance to our
+pretended voyage, _vizt._, Wednesday the 7th July, 5 o'clock morning we
+espied a ship to windward; as soon as was well light perceived her to
+bare down upon us. Wee thought at first she had been a Dutchman bound
+for Atcheen or Bengall, when perceived she had no Gallerys, did then
+suppose her to be what after, to our dreadful sorrow, found her. Wee
+gott our ship in the best posture of defence that suddain emergent
+necessity would permitt. Wee kept good looking out, expecting to see an
+Island called Pullo Verello [Pulo Barahla], but as then saw it not.
+
+About 8 of the clock the ship came up fairely within shott. Saw in room
+of our Gallerys there was large sally ports, in each of which was a
+large gunn, seemed to be brass. Her tafferill was likewise taken downe.
+Wee having done what possibly could to prepare ourselves, fearing might
+be suddenly sett on, ordered our people to their respective stations for
+action. Wee now hoisted our colours. The Captain commanded to naile our
+Ensigne to the staff in sight of the enimie, which was immediately done.
+As they perceived wee hoisted our colours they hoisted theirs, with the
+Union Jack, and let fly a broad red Pendant at their maintopmast head.
+
+The Pirate being now in little more than half Pistoll shott from us, wee
+could discerne abundance of men who went aft to the Quarter Deck, which
+as wee suppose was to consult. They stood as we stood, but wee spoke
+neither to other. Att noone it fell calme, so that [wee] were affraid
+should by the sea have been hove on one another. Att 1 a clock sprang up
+a gale. The Pirate kept as wee kept. Att 3 a clock the villain backt her
+sailes and they went from us. Wee kept close halled, having a contrary
+wind for Mallacca. When the Pirate was about 7 miles distant tackt and
+stood after us. Att 6 that evening saw the lookt for island, and the
+Pirate came up with us on our starboard side within shott. Wee see he
+kept a man at each topmast head, looking out till it was darke, then he
+halled a little from us, but kept us company all night.
+
+At 8 in the morning he drew near us, but wee had time to mount our other
+four guns that were in hold, and now wee were in the best posture of
+defence could desire. He drawing near us and seeing that if [wee] would,
+[wee] could not gett from him, he far outsailing us by or large [in one
+direction or another], the Captain resolved to see what the rogue would
+doe, soe ordered to hand [furl] all our small sailes and furled our
+mainesaile. He, seeing this, did the like, and as [he] drew near us beat
+a drum and sounded trumpets, and then hailed us four times before we
+answered him.
+
+At last it was thought fitt to know what he would say, soe the
+Boatswaine spoke to him as was ordered, which was that wee came from
+London. Then he enquired whether peace or war with France. Our answer,
+there was an universall peace through Europe, att which they paused and
+then said, "That's well." He further enquired if had touched at
+Attcheen. Wee said a boat came off to us, but [wee] came not near itt by
+several leagues. Further he enquired our Captain's name and whither wee
+were bound. Wee answered to Mallacca. They too and [would have] had the
+Captain gone aboard to drink a glass of wine. Wee said that would see
+one another at Mallacca. Then he called to lye by and he would come
+aboard us. Our answer was as before, saying it was late. He said, true,
+it was for China, and enquired whether should touch at the Water Islands
+[Pulo Ondan, off Malacca]. Wee said should. Then said he, So shall wee.
+After he had asked us all these questions wee desired to know from
+whence he was. He said from London, their Captain name Collyford, the
+ship named the _Resolution_, bound for China. This Collyford had been
+Gunners Mate at Bombay, and after run away with the Ketch.
+
+Thus past the 8th July. Friday the 9th do., he being some distance from
+us, About 1/2 an hour after 10 came up with us. Then it grew calme. Wee
+could discerne a fellow on the Quarter Deck wearing a sword. As he drew
+near, this Hellish Imp cried, Strike you doggs, which [wee] perceived
+was not by a general consent for he was called away. Our Boatswaine in a
+fury run upon the poop, unknown to the Captain, and answered that wee
+would strike to noe such doggs as he, telling him the rogue Every and
+his accomplices were all hanged. The Captain was angry that he spake
+without order, then ordered to haile him and askt what was his reason to
+dogg us. One stept forward on the forecastle, beckoned with his hand and
+said, Gentlemen, wee want not your ship nor men, but money. Wee told
+them had none for them but bid them come up alongside and take it as
+could gett it. Then a parcell of bloodhound rogues clasht their
+cutlashes and said they would have itt or our hearts blood, saying,
+"What doe you not know us to be the _Moca_?" Our answer was Yes, Yes.
+Thereon they gave a great shout and so they all went out of sight and
+wee to our quarters. They were going to hoist colours but the ensigne
+halliards broke, which our people perceiving gave a great shout, so they
+lett them alone.
+
+As soon as they could bring their chase gunns to bear, fired upon us and
+soe kept on our quarter. Our gunns would not bear in a small space, but
+as soon as did hap, gave them better than [the pirates] did like. His
+second shott carried away our spritt saile yard. About half on hour
+after or more he came up alongside and soe wee powered in upon him and
+continued, some time broadsides and sometimes three or four gunns as
+opportunity presented and could bring them to doe best service. He was
+going to lay us athwart the hawse, but by God's providence Captain Hide
+frustrated his intent by pouring a broadside into him, which made him
+give back and goe asterne, where he lay and paused without fireing, then
+in a small space fired one gunn. The shott come in at our round house
+window without damage to any person, after which he filled and bore
+away, and when was about 1/4 mile off fired a gunn to leeward, which wee
+answered by another to windward. About an hour after he tackt and came
+up with us againe. Wee made noe saile, but lay by to receive him, but he
+kept aloof off. The distance att most in all our fireing was never more
+than two ships length; the time of our engagement was from 1/2 an hour
+after 11 till about 3 afternoon.
+
+When [wee] came to see what damage [wee] had sustained, found our Cheife
+Mate, Mr. Smith, wounded in the legg, close by the knee, with a splinter
+or piece of chaine, which cannot well be told, our Barber had two of his
+fingers shott off as was spunging one of our gunns, the Gunner's boy had
+his legg shott off in the waste, John Amos, Quartermaster, had his leg
+shott off [while] at the helme, the Boatswaine's boy (a lad of 13 years
+old) was shott in the thigh, which went through and splintered his bone,
+the Armorer Jos. Osborne in the round house wounded by a splinter just
+in the temple, the Captain's boy on the Quarter Deck a small shott
+raised his scull through his cap and was the first person wounded and
+att the first onsett. Wm. Reynolds's boy had the brim of his hatt 1/2
+shott off and his forefinger splintered very sorely. John Blake, turner,
+the flesh of his legg and calfe a great part shott away.
+
+Our ships damage is the Mizentopmast shott close by the cap and it was a
+miracle stood soe long and did not fall in the rogues sight. Our rigging
+shott that had but one running rope left clear, our mainshrouds three on
+one side, two on the other cutt in two. Our mainyard ten feet from the
+mast by a shott cutt 8 inches deep, our foretopmast backstays shott
+away, a great shott in the roundhouse, one on the Quarter Deck and two
+of the roundhouse shott came on the said deck, severall in the stearidge
+betwixt decks and in the forecastle, two in the bread room which caused
+us to make much water and damaged the greatest part of our bread. They
+dismounted one of our gunns in the roundhouse, two in the stearidge, two
+in the waste, one in the forecastle, with abundance more damage which
+may seem tedious to rehearse.
+
+Their small shott were most Tinn and Tuthenage [_tutenaga_, spelter].
+They fired pieces of glass-bottles, do. teapots, chains, stones and what
+not, which were found on our decks. We could observe abundance of great
+shott to have passed through the rogues foresaile, and our hope is have
+done that to him which [will] make him shunn having to do with any
+Europe ship againe. Att night wee perceived kept close their lights. Wee
+did the like and lay by. In the morning they were as far off as [wee]
+could discerne upon deck. Wee sent up to see how they stood, which was
+right with us. In the night wee knotted our rigging and in the morning
+made all haist to repare our carriages.
+
+Our men, seeing they stood after us, [wee] could perceive their
+countinances to be dejected. Wee cheared them what wee could, and, for
+their encouragement, the Captain and wee of our proper money did give
+them, to every man and boy, three dollars each, which animated them, and
+promised to give them as much more if engaged againe, and that if [wee]
+took the ship, for every prisoner five pounds and besides a gratuity
+from the Gentlemen Employers. Wee read the King's Proclamation about
+Every, &c., and the Right Honble. Company's.
+
+About 9 o'clock the 10th July wee perceived the rogue made from us, soe
+wee gave the Almighty our most condigne thanks for his mercy that
+delivered us not to the worst of our enimies, for truly he [the pirate]
+was very strong, having at least an hundred Europeans on board, 34 gunns
+mounted, besides 10 pattererers and 2 small mortars in the head; his
+lower tier, some of them, as wee judged, sixteen and eighteen pounders.
+We lay as near our course as could, and next day saw land on our
+starboard side which was the Maine [Land]. Kept on our way.
+
+The 12th July dyed the Boatswaine's boy, George Mopp, in the morning.
+Friday the 16th do. in the evening dyed the Gunner's boy, Thomas
+Matthews. Sunday the 18th at anchor two leagues from the Pillo Sumbelong
+[Pulo Sembîlan] Islands dyed the Barber, Andrew Miller. Do. the 31st
+dyed the Cheife Mate, Mr. John Smith. The other two are yet in a very
+deplorable condition and wee are ashore here to refresh them.... The
+Chinese further report ... the _Mocco_ was at the Maldives and creaned
+[careened]; there they gave an end to the life of their commanding rogue
+Stout, who they murdered for attempting to run away.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[15] From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+
+
+
+JADDI THE MALAY PIRATE[16]
+
+
+Long before that action with the English man-of-war which drove me to
+Singapore, I sailed in a fine fleet of prahus belonging to the Rajah of
+Johore [Sultân Mahmâd Shâh]. We were all then very rich--ah! such
+numbers of beautiful wives and such feasting!--but, above all, we had a
+great many most holy men in our force! When the proper monsoon came, we
+proceeded to sea to fight the Bugismen [of Celebes] and Chinamen bound
+from Borneo and the Celebes to Java; for you must remember our Rajah was
+at war with them. (Jadee always maintained that the proceedings in which
+he had been engaged partook of a purely warlike, and not of a piratical
+character.)
+
+Our thirteen prahus had all been fitted out in and about Singapore. I
+wish you could have seen them, Touhan [_Tüan_, Sir]. These prahus we see
+here are nothing to them, such brass guns, such long pendants, such
+creeses [Malay _kris_, dagger]! Allah-il-Allah! Our Datoos [_datuk_, a
+chief] were indeed great men!
+
+Sailing along the coast as high as Patani, we then crossed over to
+Borneo, two Illanoon prahus acting as pilots, and reached a place
+called Sambas [West Borneo]: there we fought the Chinese and Dutchmen,
+who ill-treat our countrymen, and are trying to drive the Malays out of
+that country. Gold-dust and slaves in large quantities were here taken,
+most of the latter being our countrymen of Sumatra and Java, who are
+captured and sold to the planters and miners of the Dutch settlements.
+
+"Do you mean to say," I asked, "that the Dutch countenance such
+traffic?"
+
+"The Hollanders," replied Jadee, "have been the bane of the Malay race;
+no one knows the amount of villainy, the bloody cruelty of their system
+towards us. They drive us into our prahus to escape their taxes and
+laws, and then declare us pirates and put us to death. There are natives
+in our crew, Touhan, of Sumatra and Java, of Bianca [Banka] and Borneo;
+ask them why they hate the Dutchmen; why they would kill a Dutchman. It
+is because the Dutchman is a false man, not like the white man
+[English]. The Hollander stabs in the dark; he is a liar!"
+
+However, from Borneo we sailed to Biliton [island between Banka and
+Borneo] and Bianca, and there waited for some large junks that were
+expected. Our cruise had been so far successful, and we feasted
+away--fighting cocks, smoking opium and eating white rice. At last our
+scouts told us that a junk was in sight. She came, a lofty-sided one of
+Fokien [Fuhkien]. We knew these Amoy men would fight like tiger-cats
+for their sugar and silks; and as the breeze was fresh, we only kept her
+in sight by keeping close inshore and following her. Not to frighten the
+Chinamen, we did not hoist sail but made our slaves pull. "Oh!" said
+Jadee, warming up with the recollection of the event--"oh! it was fine
+to feel what brave fellows we then were!"
+
+Towards night we made sail and closed upon the junk, and at daylight it
+fell a stark calm, and we went at our prize like sharks. All our
+fighting men put on their war-dresses; the Illanoons danced their
+war-dance, and all our gongs sounded as we opened out to attack her on
+different sides.
+
+But those Amoy men are pigs! They burnt joss-paper; sounded their gongs,
+and received us with such showers of stones, hot-water, long pikes, and
+one or two well-directed shots that we hauled off to try the effect of
+our guns, sorry though we were to do it, for it was sure to bring the
+Dutchmen upon us. Bang! bang! we fired at them, and they at us; three
+hours did we persevere, and whenever we tried to board, the Chinese beat
+us back every time, for her side was as smooth and as high as a wall,
+with galleries overhanging.
+
+We had several men killed and hurt; a council was called; a certain
+charm was performed by one of our holy men, a famous chief, and twenty
+of our best men devoted themselves to effecting a landing on the junk's
+deck, when our look-out prahus made the signal that the Dutchmen were
+coming; and sure enough some Dutch gun-boats came sweeping round a
+headland. In a moment we were round and pulling like demons for the
+shores of Biliton, the gun-boats in chase of us, and the Chinese howling
+with delight. The sea-breeze freshened and brought up a schooner-rigged
+boat very fast. We had been at work twenty-four hours and were heartily
+tired; our slaves could work no longer, so we prepared for the
+Hollanders; they were afraid to close upon us and commenced firing at a
+distance. This was just what we wanted; we had guns as well as they, and
+by keeping up the fight until dark, we felt sure of escape. The
+Dutchmen, however, knew this too, and kept closing gradually upon us;
+and when they saw our prahus bailing out water and blood, they knew we
+were suffering and cheered like devils. We were desperate; surrender to
+Dutchmen we never would; we closed together for mutual support, and
+determined at last, if all hope of escape ceased, to run our prahus
+ashore, burn them, and lie hid in the jungle until a future day. But a
+brave Datoo with his shattered prahus saved us; he proposed to let the
+Dutchmen board her, creese [stab with a _kris_] all that did so, and
+then trust to Allah for his escape.
+
+It was done immediately; we all pulled a short distance away and left
+the brave Datoo's prahu like a wreck abandoned. How the Dutchmen yelled
+and fired into her! The slaves and cowards jumped out of the prahu, but
+our braves kept quiet; at last, as we expected, one gun-boat dashed
+alongside of their prize and boarded her in a crowd. Then was the time
+to see how the Malay man could fight; the creese was worth twenty
+swords, and the Dutchmen went down like sheep. We fired to cover our
+countrymen, who, as soon as their work was done, jumped overboard and
+swam to us; but the brave Datoo, with many more died as brave Malays
+should do, running a-muck against a host of enemies.
+
+The gun-boats were quite scared by this punishment, and we lost no time
+in getting away as rapidly as possible; but the accursed schooner, by
+keeping more in the offing, held the wind and preserved her position,
+signaling all the while for the gun-boats to follow her. We did not want
+to fight any more; it was evidently an unlucky day. On the opposite side
+of the channel to that we were on, the coral reefs and shoals would
+prevent the Hollanders following us: it was determined at all risks to
+get there in spite of the schooner. With the first of the land-wind in
+the evening we set sail before it and steered across for Bianca. The
+schooner placed herself in our way like a clever sailor, so as to turn
+us back; but we were determined to push on, take her fire, and run all
+risks.
+
+It was a sight to see us meeting one another; but we were desperate: we
+had killed plenty of Dutchmen; it was their turn now. I was in the
+second prahu, and well it was so, for when the headmost one got close
+to the schooner, the Dutchman fired all his guns into her, and knocked
+her at once into a wrecked condition. We gave one cheer, fired our guns
+and then pushed on for our lives. "Ah! sir, it was a dark night indeed
+for us. Three prahus in all were sunk and the whole force dispersed."
+
+To add to our misfortunes a strong gale sprang up. We were obliged to
+carry canvas; our prahu leaked from shot-holes; the sea continually
+broke into her; we dared not run into the coral reefs on such a night,
+and bore up for the Straits of Malacca. The wounded writhed and shrieked
+in their agony, and we had to pump, we fighting men, and bale like
+_black fellows_ [Caffre or negro slaves]! By two in the morning we were
+all worn out. I felt indifferent whether I was drowned or not, and many
+threw down their buckets and sat down to die. The wind increased and, at
+last, as if to put us out of our misery, just such a squall as this came
+down upon us. I saw it was folly contending against our fate, and
+followed the general example. "God is great!" we exclaimed, but the
+Rajah of Johore came and reproved us. "Work until daylight," he said,
+"and I will ensure your safety." We pointed at the black storm which was
+approaching. "Is that what you fear?" he replied, and going below he
+produced just such a wooden spoon and did what you have seen me do, and
+I tell you, my captain, as I would if the "Company Sahib" stood before
+me, that the storm was nothing, and that we had a dead calm one hour
+afterwards and were saved. God is great and Mahomet is his prophet!--but
+there is no charm like the Johore one for killing the wind!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[16] From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+
+
+
+THE TERRIBLE LADRONES[17]
+
+RICHARD GLASSPOOLE
+
+
+On the 17th of September, 1809, the Honorable Company's ship _Marquis of
+Ely_ anchored under the Island of _Sam Chow_, in China, about twelve
+English miles from Macao, where I was ordered to proceed in one of our
+cutters to procure a pilot, and also to land the purser with the packet.
+I left the ship at 5 P.M. with seven men under my command, well armed.
+It blew a fresh gale from the N. E. We arrived at Macao at 9 P.M., where
+I delivered the packet to Mr. Roberts, and sent the men with the boat's
+sails to sleep under the Company's Factory, and left the boat in charge
+of one of the Compradore's men; during the night the gale increased. At
+half-past three in the morning I went to the beach, and found the boat
+on shore half-filled with water, in consequence of the man having left
+her. I called the people, and baled her out; found she was considerably
+damaged, and very leaky. At half-past 5 A.M., the ebb-tide making, we
+left Macao with vegetables for the ship.
+
+One of the Compradore's men who spoke English went with us for the
+purpose of piloting the ship to Lintin, as the Mandarines, in
+consequence of a late disturbance at Macao, would not grant permission
+for regular pilots. I had every reason to expect the ship in the roads,
+as she was preparing to get under weigh when we left her; but on our
+rounding Cabaretta-Point, we saw her five or six miles to leeward, under
+weigh, standing on the starboard tack: it was then blowing fresh at N.
+E. Bore up, and stood towards her; when about a cable's length to
+windward of her, she tacked; we hauled our wind and stood after her. A
+hard squall then coming on, with a strong tide and heavy swell against
+us, we drifted fast to leeward, and the weather being hazy, we soon lost
+sight of the ship. Struck our masts, and endeavored to pull; finding our
+efforts useless, set a reefed foresail and mizzen, and stood towards a
+country-ship at anchor under the land to leeward of Cabaretta-Point.
+When within a quarter of a mile of her she weighed and made sail,
+leaving us in a very critical situation, having no anchor, and drifting
+bodily on the rocks to leeward. Struck the masts: after four or five
+hours hard pulling, succeeded in clearing them.
+
+At this time not a ship in sight; the weather clearing up, we saw a ship
+to leeward, hull down, shipped our masts, and made sail towards her; she
+proved to be the Honourable Company's ship _Glatton_. We made signals to
+her with our handkerchiefs at the mast-head, she unfortunately took no
+notice of them, but tacked and stood from us. Our situation was now
+truly distressing, night closing fast, with a threatening appearance,
+blowing fresh, with hard rain and a heavy sea; our boat very leaky,
+without a compass, anchor or provisions, and drifting fast on a
+lee-shore, surrounded with dangerous rocks, and inhabited by the most
+barbarous pirates. I close-reefed my sails, and kept tack and tack 'till
+daylight, when we were happy to find we had drifted very little to
+leeward of our situation in the evening. The night was very dark, with
+constant hard squalls and heavy rain.
+
+Tuesday, the 19th, no ships in sight. About ten o'clock in the morning
+it fell calm, with very hard rain and a heavy swell;--struck our masts
+and pulled, not being able to see the land, steered by the swell. When
+the weather broke up, found we had drifted several miles to leeward.
+During the calm a fresh breeze springing up, made sail, and endeavored
+to reach the weather-shore, and anchor with six muskets we had lashed
+together for that purpose. Finding the boat made no way against the
+swell and tide, bore up for a bay to leeward, and anchored about one
+A.M. close under the land in five or six fathoms water, blowing fresh,
+with hard rain.
+
+Wednesday, the 20th, at daylight, supposing the flood-tide making,
+weighed and stood over to the weather-land, but found we were drifting
+fast to leeward. About ten o'clock perceived two Chinese boats steering
+for us. Bore up, and stood towards them, and made signals to induce
+them to come within hail; on nearing them, they bore up, and passed to
+leeward of the islands. The Chinese we had in the boat advised me to
+follow them, and he would take us to Macao by the leeward passage. I
+expressed my fears of being taken by the Ladrones. Our ammunition being
+wet, and the muskets rendered useless, we had nothing to defend
+ourselves with but cutlasses, and in too distressed a situation to make
+much resistance with them, having been constantly wet, and eaten nothing
+but a few green oranges for three days.
+
+As our present situation was a hopeless one, and the man assured me
+there was no fear of encountering any Ladrones, I complied with his
+request, and stood in to leeward of the islands, where we found the
+water much smoother, and apparently a direct passage to Macao. We
+continued pulling and sailing all day. At six o'clock in the evening I
+discovered three large boats at anchor in a bay to leeward. On seeing us
+they weighed and made sail towards us. The Chinese said they were
+Ladrones, and that if they captured us they would most certainly put us
+all to death! Finding they gained fast on us, struck the masts, and
+pulled head to wind for five or six hours. The tide turning against us,
+anchored close under the land to avoid being seen. Soon after we saw the
+boats pass us to leeward.
+
+Thursday, the 21st, at daylight, the flood making, weighed and pulled
+along shore in great spirits, expecting to be at Macao in two or three
+hours, as by the Chinese account it was not above six or seven miles
+distant. After pulling a mile or two perceived several people on shore,
+standing close to the beach; they were armed with pikes and lances. I
+ordered the interpreter to hail them, and ask the most direct passage to
+Macao. They said if we came on shore they would inform us; not liking
+their hostile appearance, I did not think proper to comply with the
+request. Saw a large fleet of boats at anchor close under the opposite
+shore. Our interpreter said they were fishing-boats, and that by going
+there we should not only get provisions, but a pilot also to take us to
+Macao.
+
+I bore up, and on nearing them perceived there were some large vessels,
+very full of men, and mounted with several guns. I hesitated to approach
+nearer; but the Chinese assuring me they were Mandarine junks[18] and
+salt-boats, we stood close to one of them, and asked the way to Macao.
+They gave no answer, but made some signs to us to go in shore. We passed
+on, and a large rowboat pulled after us; she soon came alongside, when
+about twenty savage-looking villains, who were stowed at the bottom of
+the boat, leaped on board us. They were armed with a short sword in each
+hand, one of which they laid on our necks, and the other pointed to our
+breasts, keeping their eyes fixed on their officer, waiting his signal
+to cut or desist. Seeing we were incapable of making any resistance, he
+sheathed his sword, and the others immediately followed his example.
+They then dragged us into their boat, and carried us on board one of
+their junks, with the most savage demonstrations of joy, and as we
+supposed, to torture and put us to a cruel death. When on board the
+junk, they searched all our pockets, took the handkerchiefs from our
+necks, and brought heavy chains to chain us to the guns.
+
+At this time a boat came, and took me, with one of my men and the
+interpreter, on board the chief's vessel. I was then taken before the
+chief. He was seated on deck, in a large chair, dressed in purple silk,
+with a black turban on. He appeared to be about thirty years of age, a
+stout commanding-looking man. He took me by the coat, and drew me close
+to him; then questioned the interpreter very strictly, asking who we
+were, and what was our business in that part of the country. I told him
+to say we were Englishmen in distress, having been four days at sea
+without provisions. This he would not credit, but said we were bad men,
+and that he would put us all to death; and then ordered some men to put
+the interpreter to the torture until he confessed the truth.
+
+Upon this occasion, a Ladrone, who had been once to England and spoke a
+few words of English, came to the chief, and told him we were really
+Englishmen, and that we had plenty of money, adding, that the buttons on
+my coat were gold. The chief then ordered us some coarse brown rice, of
+which we made a tolerable meal, having eat nothing for nearly four days,
+except a few green oranges. During our repast, a number of Ladrones
+crowded round us, examining our clothes and hair, and giving us every
+possible annoyance. Several of them brought swords, and laid them on our
+necks, making signs that they would soon take us on shore, and cut us in
+pieces, which I am sorry to say was the fate of some hundreds during my
+captivity.
+
+I was now summoned before the chief, who had been conversing with the
+interpreter; he said I must write to my captain, and tell him, if he did
+not send a hundred thousand dollars for our ransom, in ten days he would
+put us all to death. In vain did I assure him it was useless writing
+unless he would agree to take a much smaller sum; saying we were all
+poor men, and the most we could possibly raise would not exceed two
+thousand dollars. Finding that he was much exasperated at my
+expostulations, I embraced the offer of writing to inform my commander
+of our unfortunate situation, though there appeared not the least
+probability of relieving us. They said the letter should be conveyed to
+Macao in a fishing-boat, which would bring an answer in the morning. A
+small boat accordingly came alongside, and took the letter.
+
+About six o'clock in the evening they gave us some rice and a little
+salt fish, which we ate, and they made signs for us to lay down on the
+deck to sleep; but such numbers of Ladrones were constantly coming from
+different vessels to see us, and examine our clothes and hair, they
+would not allow us a moment's quiet. They were particularly anxious for
+the buttons of my coat, which were new, and as they supposed gold. I
+took it off, and laid it on the deck to avoid being disturbed by them;
+it was taken away in the night, and I saw it on the next day stripped of
+its buttons.
+
+About nine o'clock a boat came and hailed the chief's vessel; he
+immediately hoisted his mainsail, and the fleet weighed apparently in
+great confusion. They worked to windward all night and part of the next
+day, and anchored about one o'clock in a bay under the island of Lantow,
+where the head admiral of Ladrones was lying at anchor, with about two
+hundred vessels and a Portuguese brig they had captured a few days
+before, and murdered the captain and part of the crew.
+
+Saturday, the 23d, early in the morning, a fishing-boat came to the
+fleet to inquire if they had captured an European boat; being answered
+in the affirmative, they came to the vessel I was in. One of them spoke
+a few words of English, and told me he had a Ladrone-pass, and was sent
+by Captain Kay in search of us; I was rather surprised to find he had no
+letter. He appeared to be well acquainted with the chief, and remained
+in his cabin smoking opium, and playing cards all the day.[19]
+
+In the evening I was summoned with the interpreter before the chief. He
+questioned us in a much milder tone, saying, he now believed we were
+Englishmen, a people he wished to be friendly with; and that if our
+captain would lend him seventy thousand dollars 'till he returned from
+his cruise up the river, he would repay him, and send us all to Macao. I
+assured him it was useless writing on those terms, and unless our ransom
+was speedily settled, the English fleet would sail, and render our
+enlargement altogether ineffectual. He remained determined, and said if
+it were not sent, he would keep us, and make us fight, or put us to
+death. I accordingly wrote, and gave my letter to the man belonging to
+the boat before mentioned. He said he could not return with an answer in
+less than five days.
+
+The chief now gave me the letter I wrote when first taken. I have never
+been able to ascertain his reasons for detaining it, but suppose he dare
+not negotiate for our ransom without orders from the head admiral, who I
+understood was sorry at our being captured. He said the English ships
+would join the mandarines and attack them.[20] He told the chief that
+captured us, to dispose of us as he pleased.
+
+Monday, the 24th, it blew a strong gale, with constant hard rain; we
+suffered much from the cold and wet, being obliged to remain on deck
+with no covering but an old mat, which was frequently taken from us in
+the night by the Ladrones who were on watch. During the night the
+Portuguese who were left in the brig murdered the Ladrones that were on
+board of her, cut the cables, and fortunately escaped through the
+darkness of the night. I have since been informed they ran her on shore
+near Macao.
+
+Tuesday, the 25th, at daylight in the morning, the fleet, amounting to
+about five hundred sail of different sizes, weighed, to proceed on their
+intended cruise up the rivers, to levy contributions on the towns and
+villages. It is impossible to describe what were my feelings at this
+critical time, having received no answers to my letters, and the fleet
+under-way to sail,--hundreds of miles up a country never visited by
+Europeans, there to remain probably for many months, which would render
+all opportunities of negotiating for our enlargement totally
+ineffectual; as the only method of communication is by boats, that have
+a pass from the Ladrones, and they dare not venture above twenty miles
+from Macao, being obliged to come and go in the night, to avoid the
+Mandarines; and if these boats should be detected in having any
+intercourse with the Ladrones, they are immediately put to death, and
+all their relations, though they had not joined in the crime,[21] share
+in the punishment, in order that not a single person of their families
+should be left to imitate their crimes or revenge their death. This
+severity renders communication both dangerous and expensive; no boat
+would venture out for less than a hundred Spanish dollars.
+
+Wednesday, the 26th, at daylight, we passed in sight of our ships at
+anchor under the island of Chun Po. The chief then called me, pointed to
+the ships, and told the interpreter to tell us to look at them, for we
+should never see them again. About noon we entered a river to the
+westward of the Bogue, three or four miles from the entrance. We passed
+a large town situated on the side of a beautiful hill, which is
+tributary to the Ladrones; the inhabitants saluted them with songs as
+they passed.
+
+The fleet now divided into two squadrons (the red and the black)[22] and
+sailed up different branches of the river. At midnight the division we
+were in anchored close to an immense hill, on the top of which a number
+of fires were burning, which at daylight I perceived proceeded from a
+Chinese camp. At the back of the hill was a most beautiful town,
+surrounded by water, and embellished with groves of orange trees. The
+chop-house (custom-house)[23] and a few cottages were immediately
+plundered, and burned down; most of the inhabitants, however, escaped to
+the camp.
+
+The Ladrones now prepared to attack the town with a formidable force,
+collected in rowboats from the different vessels. They sent a messenger
+to the town, demanding a tribute of ten thousand dollars annually,
+saying, if these terms were not complied with, they would land, destroy
+the town, and murder all the inhabitants; which they would certainly
+have done, had the town laid in a more advantageous situation for their
+purpose; but being placed out of the reach of their shot, they allowed
+them to come to terms. The inhabitants agreed to pay six thousand
+dollars, which they were to collect by the time of our return down the
+river. This finesse had the desired effect, for during our absence they
+mounted a few guns on a hill, which commanded the passage, and gave us
+in lieu of the dollars a warm salute on our return.
+
+October the 1st, the fleet weighed in the night, dropped by the tide up
+the river, and anchored very quietly before a town surrounded by a thick
+wood. Early in the morning the Ladrones assembled in rowboats and
+landed; then gave a shout, and rushed into the town, sword in hand. The
+inhabitants fled to the adjacent hills, in numbers apparently superior
+to the Ladrones. We may easily imagine to ourselves the horror with
+which these miserable people must be seized, on being obliged to leave
+their homes, and everything dear to them. It was a most melancholy sight
+to see women in tears, clasping their infants in their arms, and
+imploring mercy for them from those brutal robbers! The old and the
+sick, who were unable to fly, or to make resistance, were either made
+prisoners or most inhumanly butchered! The boats continued passing and
+repassing from the junks to the shore, in quick succession, laden with
+booty, and the men besmeared with blood! Two hundred and fifty women,
+and several children, were made prisoners, and sent on board different
+vessels. They were unable to escape with the men, owing to that
+abominable practice of cramping their feet: several of them were not
+able to move without assistance, in fact, they might all be said to
+totter, rather than walk. Twenty of these poor women were sent on board
+the vessel I was in; they were hauled on board by the hair, and treated
+in a most savage manner.
+
+When the chief came on board, he questioned them respecting the
+circumstances of their friends, and demanded ransoms accordingly, from
+six thousand to six hundred dollars each. He ordered them a berth on
+deck, at the after part of the vessel, where they had nothing to shelter
+them from the weather, which at this time was very variable,--the days
+excessively hot, and the nights cold, with heavy rains. The town being
+plundered of every thing valuable, it was set on fire, and reduced to
+ashes by the morning. The fleet remained here three days, negotiating
+for the ransom of the prisoners, and plundering the fish-tanks and
+gardens. During all this time, the Chinese never ventured from the
+hills, though there were frequently not more than a hundred Ladrones on
+shore at a time, and I am sure the people on the hills exceeded ten
+times that number.[24]
+
+October 5th, the fleet proceeded up another branch of the river,
+stopping at several small villages to receive tribute, which was
+generally paid in dollars, sugar and rice, with a few large pigs roasted
+whole, as presents for their joss (the idol they worship).[25] Every
+person on being ransomed, is obliged to present him with a pig, or some
+fowls, which the priest offers him with prayers; it remains before him a
+few hours, and is then divided amongst the crew. Nothing particular
+occurred 'till the 10th, except frequent skirmishes on shore between
+small parties of Ladrones and Chinese soldiers. They frequently obliged
+my men to go on shore, and fight with the muskets we had when taken,
+which did great execution, the Chinese principally using bows and
+arrows. They have match-locks, but use them very unskillfully.
+
+On the 10th, we formed a junction with the black squadron, and proceeded
+many miles up a wide and beautiful river, passing several ruins of
+villages that had been destroyed by the black squadron. On the 17th, the
+fleet anchored abreast four mud batteries, which defended a town, so
+entirely surrounded with wood that it was impossible to form any idea of
+its size. The weather was very hazy, with hard squalls of rain. The
+Ladrones remained perfectly quiet for two days. On the third day the
+forts commenced a brisk fire for several hours: the Ladrones did not
+return a single shot, but weighed in the night and dropped down the
+river.
+
+The reasons they gave for not attacking the town, or returning the fire,
+were that Joss had not promised them success. They are very
+superstitious, and consult their idol on all occasions. If his omens are
+good, they will undertake the most daring enterprizes.
+
+The fleet now anchored opposite the ruins of the town where the women
+had been made prisoners. Here we remained five or six days, during
+which time about a hundred of the women were ransomed; the remainder
+were offered for sale amongst the Ladrones, for forty dollars each. The
+woman is considered the lawful wife of the purchaser, who would be put
+to death if he discarded her. Several of them leaped overboard and
+drowned themselves, rather than submit to such infamous degradation.
+
+The fleet then weighed and made sail down the river, to receive the
+ransom from the town before mentioned. As we passed the hill, they fired
+several shots at us, but without effect. The Ladrones were much
+exasperated, and determined to revenge themselves; they dropped out of
+reach of their shot, and anchored. Every junk sent about a hundred men
+each on shore, to cut paddy, and destroy their orange-groves, which was
+most effectually performed for several miles down the river. During our
+stay here, they received information of nine boats lying up a creek,
+laden with paddy; boats were immediately dispatched after them.
+
+Next morning these boats were brought to the fleet; ten or twelve men
+were taken in them. As these had made no resistance, the chief said he
+would allow them to become Ladrones, if they agreed to take the usual
+oaths before Joss. Three or four of them refused to comply, for which
+they were punished in the following cruel manner: their hands were tied
+behind their back, a rope from the mast-head rove through their arms,
+and hoisted three or four feet from the deck, and five or six men
+flogged them with three rattans twisted together 'till they were
+apparently dead; then hoisted them up to the mast-head, and left them
+hanging nearly an hour, then lowered them down, and repeated the
+punishment, 'till they died or complied with the oath.
+
+October the 20th, in the night, an express-boat came with the
+information that a large mandarine fleet was proceeding up the river to
+attack us. The chief immediately weighed, with fifty of the largest
+vessels, and sailed down the river to meet them. About one in the
+morning they commenced a heavy fire till daylight, when an express was
+sent for the remainder of the fleet to join them: about an hour after a
+counter-order to anchor came, the mandarine fleet having run. Two or
+three hours afterwards the chief returned with three captured vessels in
+tow, having sunk two, and eighty-three sail made their escape. The
+admiral of the mandarines blew his vessel up, by throwing a lighted
+match into the magazine as the Ladrones were boarding her; she ran on
+shore, and they succeeded in getting twenty of her guns.
+
+In this action very few prisoners were taken: the men belonging to the
+captured vessels drowned themselves, as they were sure of suffering a
+lingering and cruel death if taken after making resistance. The admiral
+left the fleet in charge of his brother, the second in command, and
+proceeded with his own vessel towards Lantow. The fleet remained in
+this river, cutting paddy, and getting the necessary supplies.
+
+On the 28th of October, I received a letter from Captain Kay, brought by
+a fisherman, who had told him he would get us all back for three
+thousand dollars. He advised me to offer three thousand, and if not
+accepted, extend it to four; but not farther, as it was bad policy to
+offer much at first: at the same time assuring me we should be
+liberated, let the ransom be what it would. I offered the chief the
+three thousand, which he disdainfully refused, saying he was not to be
+played with; and unless they sent ten thousand dollars, and two large
+guns, with several casks of gunpowder, he would soon put us all to
+death. I wrote to Captain Kay, and informed him of the chief's
+determination, requesting if an opportunity offered, to send us a shift
+of clothes, for which it may be easily imagined we were much distressed,
+having been seven weeks without a shift; although constantly exposed to
+the weather, and of course frequently wet.
+
+On the first of November, the fleet sailed up a narrow river, and
+anchored at night within two miles of a town called Little Whampoa. In
+front of it was a small fort, and several mandarine vessels lying in the
+harbor. The chief sent the interpreter to me, saying I must order my men
+to make cartridges and clean their muskets, ready to go on shore in the
+morning. I assured the interpreter I should give the men no such
+orders, that they must please themselves. Soon after the chief came on
+board, threatening to put us all to a cruel death if we refused to obey
+his orders. For my own part I remained determined, and advised the men
+not to comply, as I thought by making ourselves useful we should be
+accounted too valuable.
+
+A few hours afterwards he sent to me again, saying, that if myself and
+the quartermaster would assist them at the great guns, that if also the
+rest of the men went on shore and succeeded in taking the place, he
+would then take the money offered for our ransom, and give them twenty
+dollars for every Chinaman's head they cut off. To these proposals we
+cheerfully acceded, in hopes of facilitating our deliverance.
+
+Early in the morning the forces intended for landing were assembled in
+rowboats, amounting in the whole to three or four thousand men. The
+largest vessels weighed, and hauled in shore, to cover the landing of
+the forces, and attack the fort and mandarine vessels. About nine
+o'clock the action commenced, and continued with great spirit for nearly
+an hour, when the walls of the fort gave way, and the men retreated in
+the greatest confusion.
+
+The mandarine vessels still continued firing, having blocked up the
+entrance of the harbor to prevent the Ladrone boats entering. At this
+the Ladrones were much exasperated, and about three hundred of them
+swam on shore, with a short sword lashed close under each arm; they then
+ran along the banks of the river 'till they came abreast of the vessels,
+and then swam off again and boarded them. The Chinese thus attacked,
+leaped overboard, and endeavored to reach the opposite shore; the
+Ladrones followed, and cut the greater number of them to pieces in the
+water. They next towed the vessels out of the harbor, and attacked the
+town with increased fury. The inhabitants fought about a quarter of an
+hour, and then retreated to an adjacent hill, from which they were soon
+driven with great slaughter.
+
+After this the Ladrones returned, and plundered the town, every boat
+leaving it when laden. The Chinese on the hills perceiving most of the
+boats were off, rallied, and retook the town, after killing near two
+hundred Ladrones. One of my men was unfortunately lost in this dreadful
+massacre! The Ladrones landed a second time, drove the Chinese out of
+the town, then reduced it to ashes, and put all their prisoners to
+death, without regarding either age or sex!
+
+I must not omit to mention a most horrid (though ludicrous) circumstance
+which happened at this place. The Ladrones were paid by their chief ten
+dollars for every Chinaman's head they produced. One of my men turning
+the corner of a street was met by a Ladrone running furiously after a
+Chinese; he had a drawn sword in his hand, and two Chinaman's heads
+which he had cut off, tied by their tails, and slung round his neck. I
+was witness myself to some of them producing five or six to obtain
+payment!
+
+On the 4th of November an order arrived from the admiral for the fleet
+to proceed immediately to Lantow, where he was lying with only two
+vessels, and three Portuguese ships and a brig constantly annoying him;
+several sail of mandarine vessels were daily expected. The fleet weighed
+and proceeded towards Lantow. On passing the island of Lintin, three
+ships and a brig gave chase to us. The Ladrones prepared to board; but
+night closing we lost sight of them: I am convinced they altered their
+course and stood from us. These vessels were in the pay of the Chinese
+government, and style themselves the Invincible Squadron, cruising in
+the river Tigris to annihilate the Ladrones!
+
+On the fifth, in the morning, the red squadron anchored in a bay under
+Lantow; the black squadron stood to the eastward. In this bay they
+hauled several of their vessels on shore to bream their bottoms and
+repair them.
+
+In the afternoon of the 8th of November, four ships, a brig and a
+schooner came off the mouth of the bay. At first the pirates were much
+alarmed, supposing them to be English vessels come to rescue us. Some of
+them threatened to hang us to the mast-head for them to fire at; and
+with much difficulty we persuaded them that they were Portuguese. The
+Ladrones had only seven junks in a fit state for action; these they
+hauled outside, and moored them head and stern across the bay; and
+manned all the boats belonging to the repairing vessels ready for
+boarding.
+
+The Portuguese observing these maneuvers hove to, and communicated by
+boats. Soon afterwards they made sail, each ship firing her broadside as
+she passed, but without effect, the shot falling far short. The Ladrones
+did not return a single shot, but waved their colors, and threw up
+rockets, to induce them to come further in, which they might easily have
+done, the outside junks lying in four fathoms water which I sounded
+myself: though the Portuguese in their letters to Macao lamented there
+was not sufficient water for them to engage closer, but that they would
+certainly prevent their escaping before the mandarine fleet arrived!
+
+On the 20th of November, early in the morning, I perceived an immense
+fleet of mandarine vessels standing for the bay. On nearing us, they
+formed a line, and stood close in; each vessel as she discharged her
+guns tacked to join the rear and reload. They kept up a constant fire
+for about two hours, when one of their largest vessels was blown up by a
+firebrand thrown from a Ladrone junk; after which they kept at a more
+respectful distance, but continued firing without intermission 'till the
+21st at night, when it fell calm.
+
+The Ladrones towed out seven large vessels, with about two hundred
+rowboats to board them; but a breeze springing up, they made sail and
+escaped. The Ladrones returned into the bay, and anchored. The
+Portuguese and mandarines followed, and continued a heavy cannonading
+during that night and the next day. The vessel I was in had her foremast
+shot away, which they supplied very expeditiously by taking a mainmast
+from a smaller vessel.
+
+On the 23d, in the evening, it again fell calm; the Ladrones towed out
+fifteen junks in two divisions, with the intention of surrounding them,
+which was nearly effected, having come up with and boarded one, when a
+breeze suddenly sprung up. The captured vessel mounted twenty-two guns.
+Most of her crew leaped overboard; sixty or seventy were taken
+immediately, cut to pieces and thrown into the river. Early in the
+morning the Ladrones returned into the bay, and anchored in the same
+situation as before. The Portuguese and mandarines followed, keeping up
+a constant fire. The Ladrones never returned a single shot, but always
+kept in readiness to board, and the Portuguese were careful never to
+allow them an opportunity.
+
+On the 28th, at night, they sent in eight fire-vessels, which if
+properly constructed must have done great execution, having every
+advantage they could wish for to effect their purpose; a strong breeze
+and tide directly into the bay, and the vessels lying so close together
+that it was impossible to miss them. On their first appearance the
+Ladrones gave a general shout, supposing them to be mandarine vessels on
+fire, but were very soon convinced of their mistake. They came very
+regularly into the center of the fleet, two and two, burning furiously;
+one of them came alongside of the vessel I was in, but they succeeded in
+booming her off. She appeared to be a vessel of about thirty tons; her
+hold was filled with straw and wood, and there were a few small boxes of
+combustibles on her deck, which exploded alongside of us without doing
+any damage. The Ladrones, however, towed them all on shore, extinguished
+the fire, and broke them up for fire-wood. The Portuguese claim the
+credit of constructing these destructive machines, and actually sent a
+dispatch to the Governor of Macao, saying they had destroyed at least
+one-third of the Ladrones' fleet, and hoped soon to effect their purpose
+by totally annihilating them!
+
+On the 29th of November, the Ladrones being all ready for sea, they
+weighed and stood boldly out, bidding defiance to the invincible
+squadron and imperial fleet, consisting of ninety-three war-junks, six
+Portuguese ships, a brig, and a schooner. Immediately the Ladrones
+weighed, they made all sail. The Ladrones chased them two or three
+hours, keeping up a constant fire; finding they did not come up with
+them, they hauled their wind and stood to the eastward.
+
+Thus terminated the boasted blockade, which lasted nine days, during
+which time the Ladrones completed all their repairs. In this action not
+a single Ladrone vessel was destroyed, and their loss about thirty or
+forty men. An American was also killed, one of three that remained out
+of eight taken in a schooner. I had two very narrow escapes: the first,
+a twelve-pounder shot fell within three or four feet of me; another took
+a piece out of a small brass-swivel on which I was standing. The chief's
+wife frequently sprinkled me with garlic-water, which they consider an
+effectual charm against shot. The fleet continued under sail all night,
+steering towards the eastward. In the morning they anchored in a large
+bay surrounded by lofty and barren mountains.
+
+On the 2nd of December I received a letter from Lieutenant Maughn,
+commander of the Honorable Company's cruiser _Antelope_, saying that he
+had the ransom on board, and had been three days cruising after us, and
+wished me to settle with the chief on the securest method of delivering
+it. The chief agreed to send us in a small gunboat, 'till we came within
+sight of the _Antelope_; then the Compradore's boat was to bring the
+ransom and receive us.
+
+I was so agitated at receiving this joyful news, that it was with
+considerable difficulty I could scrawl about two or three lines to
+inform Lieutenant Maughn of the arrangements I had made. We were all so
+deeply affected by the gratifying tidings, that we seldom closed our
+eyes, but continued watching day and night for the boat. On the 6th she
+returned with Lieutenant Maughn's answer, saying he would respect any
+single boat; but would not allow the fleet to approach him. The chief
+then, according to his first proposal, ordered a gunboat to take us, and
+with no small degree of pleasure we left the Ladrone fleet about four
+o'clock in the morning.
+
+At one P.M. saw the _Antelope_ under all sail, standing toward us. The
+Ladrone boat immediately anchored, and dispatched the Compradore's boat
+for the ransom, saying, that if she approached nearer, they would return
+to the fleet; and they were just weighing when she shortened sail, and
+anchored about two miles from us. The boat did not reach her 'till late
+in the afternoon, owing to the tide's being strong against her. She
+received the ransom and left the _Antelope_ just before dark. A
+mandarine boat that had been lying concealed under the land, and
+watching their maneuvers, gave chase to her, and was within a few
+fathoms of taking her, when she saw a light, which the Ladrones
+answered, and the Mandarine hauled off.
+
+Our situation was now a most critical one; the ransom was in the hands
+of the Ladrones, and the Compradore dare not return with us for fear of
+a second attack from the mandarine boat. The Ladrones would not remain
+'till morning, so we were obliged to return with them to the fleet.
+
+In the morning the chief inspected the ransom, which consisted of the
+following articles: two bales of superfine scarlet cloth; two chests of
+opium; two casks of gunpowder; and a telescope; the rest in dollars. He
+objected to the telescope not being new; and said he should detain one
+of us 'till another was sent, or a hundred dollars in lieu of it. The
+Compradore however agreed with him for the hundred dollars.
+
+Every thing being at length settled, the chief ordered two gunboats to
+convey us near the _Antelope_; we saw her just before dusk, when the
+Ladrone boats left us. We had the inexpressible pleasure of arriving on
+board the _Antelope_ at 7 P.M., where we were most cordially received,
+and heartily congratulated on our safe and happy deliverance from a
+miserable captivity, which we had endured for eleven weeks and three
+days.
+
+
+_A few Remarks on the Origin, Progress, Manners, and Customs of the
+Ladrones_
+
+The Ladrones are a disaffected race of Chinese, that revolted against
+the oppressions of the mandarins. They first commenced their
+depredations on the Western coast (Cochin-China), by attacking small
+trading vessels in rowboats, carrying from thirty to forty men each.
+They continued this system of piracy several years; at length their
+successes, and the oppressive state of the Chinese, had the effect of
+rapidly increasing their numbers. Hundreds of fishermen and others
+flocked to their standard; and as their number increased they
+consequently became more desperate. They blockaded all the principal
+rivers, and captured several large junks, mounting from ten to fifteen
+guns each.
+
+With these junks they formed a very formidable fleet, and no small
+vessels could trade on the coast with safety. They plundered several
+small villages, and exercised such wanton barbarity as struck horror
+into the breasts of the Chinese. To check these enormities the
+government equipped a fleet of forty imperial war-junks, mounting from
+eighteen to twenty guns each. On the very first rencontre, twenty-eight
+of the imperial junks struck to the pirates; the rest saved themselves
+by a precipitate retreat.
+
+These junks, fully equipped for war, were a great acquisition to them.
+Their numbers augmented so rapidly, that at the period of my captivity
+they were supposed to amount to near seventy thousand men, eight hundred
+large vessels, and nearly a thousand small ones, including rowboats.
+They were divided into five squadrons, distinguished by different
+colored flags: each squadron commanded by an admiral, or chief; but all
+under the orders of A-juo-Chay (Ching y[)i]h saou), their premier chief,
+a most daring and enterprising man, who went so far as to declare his
+intention of displacing the present Tartar family from the throne of
+China, and to restore the ancient Chinese dynasty.
+
+This extraordinary character would have certainly shaken the foundation
+of the government, had he not been thwarted by the jealousy of the
+second in command, who declared his independence, and soon after
+surrendered to the mandarines with five hundred vessels, on promise of a
+pardon. Most of the inferior chiefs followed his example. A-juo-Chay
+(Ching y[)i]h saou) held out a few months longer, and at length
+surrendered with sixteen thousand men, on condition of a general pardon,
+and himself to be made a mandarine of distinction.
+
+The Ladrones have no settled residence on shore, but live constantly in
+their vessels. The after-part is appropriated to the captain and his
+wives; he generally has five or six. With respect to conjugal rights
+they are religiously strict; no person is allowed to have a woman on
+board, unless married to her according to their laws. Every man is
+allowed a small berth, about four feet square, where he stows with his
+wife and family.
+
+From the number of souls crowded in so small a space, it must naturally
+be supposed they are horridly dirty, which is evidently the case, and
+their vessels swarm with all kinds of vermin. Rats in particular, which
+they encourage to breed, and eat them as great delicacies; in fact,
+there are very few creatures they will not eat. During our captivity we
+lived three weeks on caterpillars boiled with rice. They are much
+addicted to gambling, and spend all their leisure hours at cards and
+smoking opium.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[17] From _The Ladrone Pirates_.
+
+[18] _Junk_ is the Canton pronunciation of _chuen_, ship.
+
+[19] The pirates had many other intimate acquaintances on shore, like
+Doctor _Chow_ of Macao.
+
+[20] The pirates were always afraid of this. We find the following
+statement concerning the Chinese pirates, taken from the records in the
+East-India House, and printed in Appendix C. to the _Report relative to
+the trade with the East-Indies and China_, in the sessions 1820 and 1821
+(reprinted 1829), p. 387.
+
+"In the year 1808, 1809, and 1810, the Canton river was so infested with
+pirates, who were also in such force, that the Chinese government made
+an attempt to subdue them, but failed. The pirates totally destroyed the
+Chinese force; ravaged the river in every direction; threatened to
+attack the city of Canton, and destroyed many towns and villages on the
+banks of the river; and killed or carried off, to serve as Ladrones,
+several thousands of inhabitants.
+
+"These events created an alarm extremely prejudicial to the commerce of
+Canton, and compelled the Company's supercargoes to fit out a small
+country ship to cruize for a short time against the pirates."
+
+[21] That the whole family must suffer for the crime of one individual,
+seems to be the most cruel and foolish law of the whole Chinese criminal
+code.
+
+[22] We know by the "History of the Chinese Pirates," that these "wasps
+of the ocean," to speak with _Yuen tsze yung lun_, were originally
+divided into six squadrons.
+
+[23] In the barbarous Chinese-English spoken at Canton, all things are
+indiscriminately called _chop_. You hear of a chop-house, chop-boat,
+tea-chop, Chaou-chaou-chop, etc. To give a bill or agreement on making a
+bargain is in Chinese called _ch[)a] tan_; ch[)a] in the pronunciation
+of Canton is _chop_, which is then applied to any writing whatever.
+
+[24] The following is the _Character of the Chinese of Canton, as given
+in ancient Chinese books_: "People of Canton are silly, light, weak in
+body, and weak in mind, without any ability to fight on land."
+
+[25] _Joss_ is a Chinese corruption of the Portuguese _Dios_, _God_. The
+Joss, or idol, of which Mr. Glasspoole speaks is the _San po shin_,
+which is spoken of in the work of Yuen tsze.
+
+
+
+
+THE FEMALE CAPTIVE[26]
+
+LUCRETIA PARKER
+
+
+The event which is here related is the capture by the Pirates of the
+English sloop _Eliza Ann_, bound from St. Johns to Antigua, and the
+massacre of the whole crew (ten in number) with the exception of one
+female passenger, whose life, by the interposition of Divine Providence,
+was miraculously preserved. The particulars are copied from a letter
+written by the unfortunate Miss Parker (the female passenger above
+alluded to) to her brother in New York.
+
+                                             St. Johns, April 3, 1825.
+
+    Dear Brother,
+
+    You have undoubtedly heard of my adverse fortune, and the shocking
+    incident that has attended me since I had the pleasure of seeing you
+    in November last. Anticipating your impatience to be made acquainted
+    with a more circumstantial detail of my extraordinary adventures, I
+    shall not on account of the interest which I know you must feel in
+    my welfare, hesitate to oblige you; yet, I must declare to you that
+    it is that consideration alone that prompts me to do it, as even
+    the recollection of the scenes which I have witnessed you must be
+    sensible must ever be attended with pain: and that I cannot reflect
+    on what I have endured, and the scenes of horror that I have been
+    witness to, without the severest shock. I shall now, brother,
+    proceed to furnish you with a detail of my misfortunes as they
+    occurred, without exaggeration, and if it should be your wish to
+    communicate them to the public, through the medium of a public
+    print, or in any other way, you are at liberty to do it, and I shall
+    consider myself amply rewarded if in a single instance it proves
+    beneficial in removing a doubt in the minds of such, who, although
+    they dare not deny the existence of a Supreme Being, yet disbelieve
+    that he ever in any way revealed Himself to his creatures. Let
+    Philosophy (as it is termed) smile with pity or contempt on my
+    weakness or credulity, yet the superintendence of a particular
+    PROVIDENCE, interfering by second causes, is so apparent to me, and
+    was so conspicuously displayed in the course of my afflictions, that
+    I shall not banish it from my mind from the beginning to the end of
+    my narration.
+
+    On the 28th February I took passage on board the sloop _Eliza Ann_,
+    captain Charles Smith, for Antigua, in compliance with the earnest
+    request of brother Thomas and family, who had advised me that they
+    had concluded to make that island the place of their permanent
+    residence, having a few months previous purchased there a valuable
+    Plantation. We set sail with a favorable wind, and with every
+    appearance of a short and pleasant voyage, and met with no incident
+    to destroy or diminish those flattering prospects, until about noon
+    of the 14th day from that of our departure, when a small schooner
+    was discovered standing toward us, with her deck full of men, and as
+    she approached us from her suspicious appearance there was not a
+    doubt in the minds of any on board, but that she was a Pirate. When
+    within a few yards of us, they gave a shout and our decks were
+    instantly crowded with the motley crew of desperadoes, armed with
+    weapons of almost every description that can be mentioned, and with
+    which they commenced their barbarous work by unmercifully beating
+    and maiming all on board except myself. As a retreat was impossible,
+    and finding myself surrounded by wretches, whose yells, oaths, and
+    imprecations, made them more resemble demons than human-beings, I
+    fell on my knees, and from one who appeared to have the command, I
+    begged for mercy, and for permission to retire to the cabin, that I
+    might not be either the subject or a witness of the murderous scene
+    that I had but little doubt was about to ensue. The privilege was
+    not refused me. The monster in human shape (for such was then his
+    appearance) conducted me by the hand himself to the companionway,
+    and pointing to the cabin said to me, "Descend and remain there and
+    you will be perfectly safe, for although Pirates, we are not
+    barbarians to destroy the lives of innocent females!" Saying this he
+    closed the companion doors and left me alone, to reflect on my
+    helpless and deplorable situation. It is indeed impossible for me,
+    brother, to paint to your imagination what were my feelings at this
+    moment; being the only female on board, my terror it cannot be
+    expected was much less than that of the poor devoted mariners! I
+    resigned my life to the Being who had lent it, and did not fail to
+    improve the opportunity (which I thought it not improbable might be
+    my last), to call on Him for that protection, which my situation so
+    much at this moment required--and never shall I be persuaded but
+    that my prayers were heard.
+
+    While I remained in this situation, by the sound of the clashing of
+    swords, attended by shrieks and dismal groans, I could easily
+    imagine what was going on on deck, and anticipated nothing better
+    than the total destruction by the Pirates of the lives of all on
+    board. After I had remained about one hour and a half alone in the
+    cabin, and all had become silent on deck, the cabin doors were
+    suddenly thrown open, and eight or ten of the Piratical crew
+    entered, preceded by him whom I had suspected to be their leader,
+    and from whom I had received assurances that I should not be
+    injured. By him I was again addressed and requested to banish all
+    fears of personal injury--that they sought only for the money which
+    they suspected to be secreted somewhere on board the vessel, and
+    which they were determined to have, although unable to extort a
+    disclosure of the place of its concealment by threats and violence
+    from the crew. The Pirates now commenced a thorough search
+    throughout the cabin, the trunks and chests belonging to the captain
+    and mate were broken open, and rifled of their most valuable
+    contents--nor did my baggage and stores meet with any better fate,
+    indeed this was a loss which at this moment caused me but little
+    uneasiness. I felt that my life was in too much jeopardy to lament
+    in any degree the loss of my worldly goods, surrounded as I was by a
+    gang of the most ferocious looking villains that my eyes ever before
+    beheld, of different complexions, and each with a drawn weapon in
+    his hand, some of them fresh crimsoned with the blood (as I then
+    supposed) of my murdered countrymen and whose horrid imprecations
+    and oaths were enough to appal the bravest heart!
+
+    Their search for money proving unsuccessful (with the exception of a
+    few dollars which they found in the captain's chest) they returned
+    to the deck, and setting sail on the sloop, steered her for the
+    place of their rendezvous, a small island or key not far distant I
+    imagine from the island of Cuba, where we arrived the day after our
+    capture. The island was nearly barren, producing nothing but a few
+    scattered mangroves and shrubs, interspersed with the miserable huts
+    of these outlaws of civilization, among whom power formed the only
+    law, and every species of iniquity was here carried to an extent of
+    which no person who had not witnessed a similar degree of pollution,
+    could form the most distant idea.
+
+    As soon as the sloop was brought to an anchor, the hatches were
+    thrown off and the unfortunate crew ordered on deck--a command which
+    to my surprise was instantly obeyed, as I had harboured strong
+    suspicions that they had been all murdered by the Pirates the day
+    previous. The poor devoted victims, although alive, exhibited
+    shocking proofs of the barbarity with which they had been treated by
+    the unmerciful Pirates; their bodies exhibiting deep wounds and
+    bruises too horrible for me to attempt to describe! Yet, however
+    great had been their sufferings, their lives had been spared only to
+    endure still greater torments. Being strongly pinioned they were
+    forced into a small leaky boat and rowed on shore, which we having
+    reached and a division of the plunder having been made by the
+    Pirates, a scene of the most bloody and wanton barbarity ensued, the
+    bare recollection of which still chills my blood. Having first
+    divested them of every article of clothing but their shirts and
+    trousers, with swords, knives, axes, etc., they fell on the
+    unfortunate crew of the _Eliza Ann_ with the ferocity of cannibals.
+    In vain did they beg for mercy and intreat of their murderers to
+    spare their lives. In vain did poor Capt. S. attempt to touch their
+    feelings and to move them to pity by representing to them the
+    situation of his innocent family; that he had a wife and three small
+    children at home wholly dependent on him for support. But, alas, the
+    poor man intreated in vain. His appeal was to monsters possessing
+    hearts callous to the feelings of humanity. Having received a heavy
+    blow from one with an ax, he snapped the cords with which he was
+    bound, and attempted an escape by flight, but was met by another of
+    the ruffians, who plunged a knife or dirk to his heart. I stood near
+    him at this moment and was covered with his blood. On receiving the
+    fatal wound he gave a single groan and fell lifeless at my feet. Nor
+    were the remainder of the crew more fortunate. The mate while on his
+    knees imploring mercy, and promising to accede to anything that the
+    vile assassins should require of him, on condition of his life being
+    spared, received a blow from a club, which instantaneously put a
+    period to his existence! Dear brother, need I attempt to paint to
+    your imagination my feelings at this awful moment? Will it not
+    suffice for me to say that I have described to you a scene of horror
+    which I was compelled to witness! and with the expectation too of
+    being the next victim selected by these ferocious monsters, whose
+    thirst for blood appeared to be insatiable. There appeared now but
+    one alternative left me, which was to offer up a prayer to Heaven
+    for the protection of that Being who has power to stay the
+    assassin's hand, and "who is able to do exceeding abundantly above
+    what we can ask or think,"--sincerely in the language of scripture I
+    can say, "I found trouble and sorrow, then called I upon the name of
+    the Lord."
+
+    I remained on my knees until the inhuman wretches had completed
+    their murderous work, and left none but myself to lament the fate of
+    those who but twenty-four hours before, were animated with the
+    pleasing prospects of a quick passage, and a speedy return to the
+    bosoms of their families! The wretch by whom I had been thrice
+    promised protection, and who seemed to reign chief among them, again
+    approached me with hands crimsoned with the blood of my murdered
+    countrymen, and, with a savage smile, once more repeated his
+    assurances that if I would but become reconciled to my situation, I
+    had nothing to fear. There was indeed something truly terrific in
+    the appearance of this man, or rather monster as he ought to be
+    termed. He was of a swarthy complexion, near six feet in height, his
+    eyes were large, black and penetrating; his expression was
+    remarkable, and when silent, his looks were sufficient to declare
+    his meaning. He wore around his waist a leathern belt, to which was
+    suspended a sword, a brace of pistols and a dirk. He was as I was
+    afterward informed the acknowledged chief among the Pirates, all
+    appeared to stand in awe of him, and no one dared to disobey his
+    commands. Such, dear brother, was the character who had promised me
+    protection if I would become reconciled to my situation, in other
+    words, subservient to his will. But, whatever might have been his
+    intentions, although now in his power, without a visible friend to
+    protect me, yet such full reliance did I place in the Supreme Being,
+    who sees and knows all things, and who has promised his protection
+    to the faithful in the hour of tribulation, that I felt myself in a
+    less degree of danger than you or any one would probably imagine.
+
+    As the day drew near to a close, I was conducted to a small
+    temporary hut or cabin, where I was informed I might repose
+    peaceably for the night, which I did without being disturbed by any
+    one. This was another opportunity that I did not suffer to pass
+    unimproved to pour out my soul to that Being, who had already given
+    me reasons to believe that he did not say to the house of Jacob,
+    seek you me in vain. Oh! that all sincere Christians would in every
+    difficulty make Him their refuge; He is a hopeful stay.
+
+    Early in the morning ensuing I was visited by the wretch alone whom
+    I had viewed as chief of the murderous band. As he entered and cast
+    his eyes upon me, his countenance relaxed from its usual ferocity to
+    a feigned smile. Without speaking a word, he seated himself on a
+    bench that the cabin contained, and drawing a table toward him,
+    leaned upon it resting his cheek upon his hand. His eyes for some
+    moments were fixed in stedfast gaze upon the ground, while his
+    whole soul appeared to be devoured by the most diabolical thoughts.
+    In a few moments he arose from his seat and hastily traversed the
+    hut, apparently in extreme agitation, and not unfrequently fixing
+    his eyes stedfastly upon me. But, that Providence, which while it
+    protects the innocent, never suffers the wicked to go unpunished,
+    interposed to save me and to deliver me from the hands of this
+    remorseless villain, at the very instant when in all probability he
+    intended to have destroyed my happiness forever.
+
+    On a sudden the Pirate's bugle was sounded, which (as I was
+    afterward informed) was the usual signal of a sail in sight. The
+    ruffian monster thereupon without uttering a word left my apartment,
+    and hastened with all speed to the place of their general rendezvous
+    on such occasions. Flattered by the pleasing hope that Providence
+    might be about to complete her work of mercy, and was conducting to
+    the dreary island some friendly aid, to rescue me from my perilous
+    situation, I mustered courage to ascend to the roof of my hovel, to
+    discover if possible the cause of the alarm, and what might be the
+    issue.
+
+    A short distance from the island I espied a sail which appeared to
+    be lying to, and a few miles therefrom to the windward, another,
+    which appeared to be bearing down under a press of sail for the
+    former--in a moment the whole gang of Pirates, with the exception of
+    four, were in their boats, and with their oars, etc., were making
+    every possible exertion to reach the vessel nearest to their island;
+    but by the time they had effected their object the more distant
+    vessel (which proved to be a British sloop of war disguised) had
+    approached them within fair gunshot, and probably knowing or
+    suspecting their characters, opened their ports and commenced a
+    destructive fire upon them. The Pirates were now, as nearly as I
+    could judge with the naked eye, thrown into great confusion. Every
+    possible exertion appeared to have been made by them to reach the
+    island, and escape from their pursuers. Some jumped from their boats
+    and attempted to gain the shore by swimming, but these were shot in
+    the water, and the remainder who remained in their boats were very
+    soon after overtaken and captured by two well manned boats
+    dispatched from the sloop of war for that purpose; and, soon had I
+    the satisfaction to see them all on board of the sloop, and in the
+    power of those from whom I was fully satisfied that they would meet
+    with the punishment due to their crimes.
+
+    In describing the characters of this Piratical band of robbers, I
+    have, dear brother, represented them as wretches of the most
+    frightful and ferocious appearance--blood-thirsty monsters, who, in
+    acts of barbarity ought only to be ranked with cannibals, who
+    delight to feast on human flesh. Rendered desperate by their crimes
+    and aware that they should find no mercy if so unfortunate as to
+    fall into the hands of those to whom they show no mercy, to prevent
+    a possibility of detection, and the just execution of the laws
+    wantonly destroy the lives of every one, however innocent, who may
+    be so unfortunate as to fall into their power--such, indeed,
+    brother, is the true character of the band of Pirates (to the number
+    of 30 or 40) by whom it was my misfortune to be captured, with the
+    exception of a single one, who possessed a countenance less savage,
+    and had the appearance of possessing a heart less callous to the
+    feelings of humanity. Fortunately for me, as Divine Providence
+    ordered, this person was one of the four who remained on the island,
+    and on whom the command involved after the unexpected disaster which
+    had deprived them forever of so great a portion of their comrades.
+    From this man (after the capture of the murderous tyrant to whose
+    commands he had been compelled to yield) I received the kindest
+    treatment, and assurances that I should be restored to liberty and
+    to my friends when an opportunity should present, or when it could
+    be consistently done with the safety of their lives and liberty.
+
+    This unhappy man (for such he declared himself to be) took an
+    opportunity to indulge me with a partial relation of a few of the
+    most extraordinary incidents of his life. He declared himself an
+    Englishman by birth, but his real name and place of nativity was he
+    said a secret he would never disclose! "although I must (said he)
+    acknowledge myself by profession a Pirate, yet I can boast of
+    respectable parentage, and the time once was when I myself sustained
+    an unimpeachable character. Loss of property, through the treachery
+    of those whom I considered friends, and in whom I had placed
+    implicit confidence, was what first led me to and induced me to
+    prefer this mode of life, to any of a less criminal nature--but,
+    although I voluntarily became the associate of a band of wretches
+    the most wicked and unprincipled perhaps on earth, yet I solemnly
+    declare that I have not in any one instance personally deprived an
+    innocent fellow creature of life. It was an act of barbarity at
+    which my heart ever recoiled, and against which I always protested.
+    With the property I always insisted we ought to be satisfied,
+    without the destruction of the lives of such who were probably the
+    fathers of families, and who had never offended us. But our gang was
+    as you may suppose chiefly composed of and governed by men without
+    principle, who appeared to delight in the shedding of blood, and
+    whose only excuse has been that by acting with too much humanity in
+    sparing life, they might thereby be exposed and themselves arraigned
+    to answer for their crimes at an earthly tribunal. You can have no
+    conception, madam (continued he), of the immense property that has
+    been piratically captured, and of the number of lives that have been
+    destroyed by this gang alone, and all without the loss of a single
+    one on our part until yesterday, when by an unexpected circumstance
+    our number has been reduced as you see from thirty-five to four!
+    This island has not been our constant abiding place, but the bodies
+    of such as have suffered here have always been conveyed a
+    considerable distance from the shore, and thrown into the sea, where
+    they were probably devoured by the sharks, as not a single one has
+    ever been known afterward to drift on our shores. The property
+    captured has not been long retained on this island, but shipped to a
+    neighboring port, where we have an agent to dispose of it.
+
+    "Of the great number of vessels captured by us (continued he) you
+    are the first and only female that has been so unfortunate as to
+    fall into our hands--and from the moment that I first saw you in our
+    power (well knowing the brutal disposition of him whom we
+    acknowledged our chief) I trembled for your safety, and viewed you
+    as one deprived perhaps of the protection of a husband or brother,
+    to become the victim of an unpitying wretch, whose pretended regard
+    for your sex, and his repeated promises of protection, were
+    hypocritical--a mere mask to lull your fears until he could effect
+    your ruin. His hellish designs, agreeable to his own declarations,
+    would have been carried into effect the very morning that he last
+    visited you, had not an all-wise Providence interfered to save
+    you--and so sensible am I that the unexpected circumstance of his
+    capture, as well as that of the most of our gang, as desperate and
+    unprincipled as himself, must have been by order of Him, from whose
+    all-seeing eye no evil transaction can be hidden, that were I so
+    disposed I should be deterred from doing you any injury through fear
+    of meeting with a similar fate. Nor do my three remaining companions
+    differ with me in opinion, and we all now most solemnly pledge
+    ourselves, that so long as you remain in our power, you shall have
+    nothing to complain of but the deprivation of the society of those
+    whose company no doubt would be more agreeable to you; and as soon
+    as it can be done consistently with our own safety, you shall be
+    conveyed to a place from which you may obtain a passage to your
+    friends. We have now become too few in number to hazard a repetition
+    of our Piratical robberies, and not only this, but some of our
+    captured companions to save their own lives, may prove treacherous
+    enough to betray us; we are therefore making preparation to leave
+    this island for a place of more safety, when you, madam, shall be
+    conveyed and set at liberty as I have promised you."
+
+    Dear brother, if you before doubted, is not the declaration of this
+    man (which I have recorded as correctly as my recollection will
+    admit of) sufficient to satisfy you that I owe my life and safety to
+    the interposition of a Divine Providence! Oh, yes! surely it is--and
+    I feel my insufficiency to thank and praise my Heavenly Protector as
+    I ought, for his loving kindness in preserving me from the evil
+    designs of wicked men, and for finally restoring me to liberty and
+    to my friends!
+
+        I cannot praise Him as I would,
+        But He is merciful and good.
+
+    From this moment every preparation was made by the Pirates to remove
+    from the island. The small quantity of stores and goods which
+    remained on hand (principally of the _Ann Eliza's_ cargo) was either
+    buried on the island, or conveyed away in their boats in the night
+    to some place unknown to me. The last thing done was to demolish
+    their temporary dwellings, which was done so effectually as not to
+    suffer a vestige of any thing to remain that could have led to a
+    discovery that the island had ever been inhabited by such a set of
+    beings. Eleven days from that of the capture of the _Ann Eliza_ (the
+    Pirates having previously put on board several bags of dollars,
+    which from the appearance of the former, I judged had been concealed
+    in the earth) I was ordered to embark with them, but for what place
+    I then knew not.
+
+    About midnight I was landed on the rocky shores of an island which
+    they informed me was Cuba, they furnished me with a few hard biscuit
+    and a bottle of water, and directed me to proceed early in the
+    morning in a northeast direction, to a house about a mile distant,
+    where I was told I would be well treated and be furnished with a
+    guide that would conduct me to Mantansies. With these directions
+    they left me, and I never saw them more.
+
+    At daybreak I set out in search of the house to which I had been
+    directed by the Pirates, and which I had the good fortune to reach
+    in safety in about an hour and a half. It was a humble tenement
+    thatched with canes, without any flooring but the ground, and was
+    tenanted by a man and his wife only, from whom I met with a welcome
+    reception, and by whom I was treated with much hospitality. Although
+    Spaniards, the man could speak and understand enough English to
+    converse with me, and to learn by what means I had been brought so
+    unexpectedly alone and unprotected to his house. Though it was the
+    same to which I had been directed by the Pirates, yet he declared
+    that so far from being in any way connected with them in their
+    Piratical robberies, or enjoying any portion of their ill-gotten
+    gain, no one could hold them in greater abhorrence. Whether he was
+    sincere in these declarations or not, is well known to Him whom the
+    lying tongue cannot deceive--it is but justice to them to say that
+    by both the man and his wife I was treated with kindness, and it was
+    with apparent emotions of pity that they listened to the tale of my
+    sufferings. By their earnest request I remained with them until the
+    morning ensuing, when I set out on foot for Mantansies, accompanied
+    by the Spaniard who had kindly offered to conduct me to that place,
+    which we reached about seven in the evening of the same day.
+
+    At Mantansies I found many Americans and Europeans, by whom I was
+    kindly treated, and who proffered their services to restore me to my
+    friends, but as there were no vessels bound direct from thence to
+    Antigua or St. Johns, I was persuaded to take passage for Jamaica,
+    where it was the opinion of my friends I might obtain a passage more
+    speedily for one or the other place, and where I safely arrived
+    after a pleasant passage of four days.
+
+    The most remarkable and unexpected circumstance of my extraordinary
+    adventures, I have yet, dear brother, to relate. Soon after my
+    arrival at Jamaica, the Authority having been made acquainted with
+    the circumstance of my recent capture by the Pirates, and the
+    extraordinary circumstance which produced my liberation, requested
+    that I might be conducted to the Prison, to see if I could among a
+    number of Pirates recently committed, recognize any of those by whom
+    I had been captured. I was accordingly attended by two or three
+    gentlemen, and two young ladies (who had politely offered to
+    accompany me) to the prison apartment, on entering which, I not only
+    instantly recognized among a number therein confined, the identical
+    savage monster of whom I have had so much occasion to speak (the
+    Pirates' Chief) but the most of those who had composed his gang, and
+    who were captured with him!
+
+    The sudden and unexpected introduction into their apartment of one,
+    whom they had probably in their minds numbered with the victims of
+    their wanton barbarity, produced unquestionably on their minds not
+    an inconsiderable degree of horror as well as surprise! and,
+    considering their condemnation now certain, they no doubt heaped
+    curses upon their more fortunate companions, for sparing the life
+    and setting at liberty one whom an all-wise Providence had conducted
+    to and placed in a situation to bear witness to their unprecedented
+    barbarity.
+
+    Government having through me obtained the necessary proof of the
+    guilt of these merciless wretches, after a fair and impartial trial
+    they were all condemned to suffer the punishment due to their
+    crimes, and seven ordered for immediate execution, one of whom was
+    the barbarian their chief. After the conviction and condemnation of
+    this wretch, in hopes of eluding the course of justice, he made (as
+    I was informed) an attempt upon his own life, by inflicting upon
+    himself deep wounds with a knife which he had concealed for that
+    purpose; but in this he was disappointed, the wounds not proving so
+    fatal as he probably anticipated.
+
+    I never saw this hardened villain or any of his equally criminal
+    companions after their condemnation, although strongly urged to
+    witness their execution, and am therefore indebted to one who daily
+    visited them, for the information of their behavior from that period
+    until that of their execution; which, as regarded the former, I was
+    informed was extremely impenitent--that while proceeding to the
+    place of ignominy and death, he talked with shocking unconcern,
+    hinting that by being instrumental in the destruction of so many
+    lives, he had become too hardened and familiar with death to feel
+    much intimidated at its approach! He was attended to the place of
+    execution by a Roman Catholic Priest, who it was said labored to
+    convince him of the atrociousness of his crimes, but he seemed deaf
+    to all admonition or exhortation, and appeared insensible to the
+    hope of happiness or fear of torment in a future state--and so far
+    from exhibiting a single symptom of penitence, declared that he knew
+    of but one thing for which he had cause to reproach himself, which
+    was in sparing my life and not ordering me to be butchered as the
+    others had been! How awful was the end of the life of this miserable
+    criminal! He looked not with harmony, regard, or a single penitent
+    feeling toward one human being in the last agonies of an ignominious
+    death.
+
+    After remaining nine days at Jamaica, I was so fortunate as to
+    obtain a passage with Capt. Ellsmore, direct for St. Johns--the
+    thoughts of once more returning home and of so soon joining my
+    anxious friends, when I could have an opportunity to communicate to
+    my aged parents, to a beloved sister and a large circle of
+    acquaintances, the sad tale of the misfortunes which had attended me
+    since I bid them adieu, would have been productive of the most
+    pleasing sensations, had they not been interrupted by the melancholy
+    reflection that I was the bearer of tidings of the most
+    heart-rending nature, to the bereaved families of those unfortunate
+    husbands and parents who had in my presence fallen victims to
+    Piratical barbarity. Thankful should I have been had the distressing
+    duty fell to the lot of some one of less sensibility--but, unerring
+    Providence had ordered otherwise. We arrived safe at our port of
+    destination after a somewhat boisterous passage of 18 days. I found
+    my friends all well, but the effects produced on their minds by the
+    relation of the distressing incidents and adverse fortune that had
+    attended me since my departure, I shall not attempt to describe--and
+    much less can you expect, brother, that I should attempt a
+    description of the feelings of the afflicted widow and fatherless
+    child, who first received from me the melancholy tidings that they
+    were so!
+
+    Thus, brother, have I furnished you with as minute a detail of the
+    sad misfortunes that have attended me, in my intended passage to
+    Antigua, in February and March last, as circumstances will admit
+    of--and here permit me once more to repeat the enquiry--is it not
+    sufficient to satisfy you and every reasonable person, that I owe my
+    life and liberty to the interposition of a Divine Providence?--so
+    fully persuaded am I of this, dear brother, and of my great
+    obligations to that Supreme Being who turned not away my prayer nor
+    his mercy from me, that I am determined to engage with my whole
+    heart to serve Him the residue of my days on earth, by the aid of
+    his heavenly grace--and invite all who profess to fear Him (should a
+    single doubt remain on their minds) to come and hear what he hath
+    done for me!
+
+    I am, dear brother, affectionately yours,
+                                                      LUCRETIA PARKER.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[26] From an Old Pamphlet, published in 1825.
+
+
+
+
+THE PASSING OF MOGUL MACKENZIE
+
+The Last of the North Atlantic Pirates[27]
+
+ARTHUR HUNT CHUTE
+
+
+In the farther end of the Bay of Fundy, about a mile off from the Nova
+Scotian coast, is the Isle of Haut. It is a strange rocky island that
+rises several hundred feet sheer out of the sea, without any bay or
+inlets. A landing can only be effected there in the calmest weather; and
+on account of the tremendous ebb of the Fundy tides, which rise and fall
+sixty feet every twelve hours, the venturesome explorer cannot long keep
+his boat moored against the precipitous cliffs.
+
+Because of this inaccessibility little is known of the solitary island.
+Within its rampart walls of rock they say there is a green valley, and
+in its center is a fathomless lake, where the Micmac Indians used to
+bury their dead, and hence its dread appellation of the "Island of the
+Dead." Beyond these bare facts nothing more is certain about the secret
+valley and the haunted lake. Many wild and fabulous descriptions are
+current, but they are merely the weavings of fancy.
+
+Sometimes on a stormy night the unhappy navigators of the North Channel
+miss the coast lights in the fog, and out from the Isle of Haut a
+gentle undertow flirts with their bewildered craft. Then little by
+little they are gathered into a mighty current against which all
+striving is in vain, and in the white foam among the iron cliffs their
+ship is pounded into splinters. The quarry which she gathers in so
+softly at first and so fiercely at last, however, is soon snatched away
+from the siren shore. The ebb-tide bears every sign of wreckage far out
+into the deeps of the Atlantic, and not a trace remains of the
+ill-starred vessel or her crew. But one of the boats in the fishing
+fleet never comes home, and from lonely huts on the coast reproachful
+eyes are cast upon the "Island of the Dead."
+
+On the long winter nights, when the "boys" gather about the fire in Old
+Steele's General Stores at Hall's Harbor, their hard gray life becomes
+bright for a spell. When a keg of hard cider is flowing freely the grim
+fishermen forget their taciturnity, the ice is melted from their speech,
+and the floodgates of their souls pour forth. But ever in the background
+of their talk, unforgotten, like a haunting shadow, is the "Island of
+the Dead." Of their weirdest and most blood-curdling yarns it is always
+the center; and when at last, with uncertain steps, they leave the empty
+keg and the dying fire to turn homeward through the drifting snow,
+fearful and furtive glances are cast to where the island looms up like a
+ghostly sentinel from the sea. Across its high promontory the Northern
+Lights scintillate and blaze, and out of its moving brightness the
+terrified fishermen behold the war-canoes of dead Indians freighted with
+their redskin braves; the forms of _c[oe]ur de bois_ and desperate
+Frenchmen swinging down the sky-line in a ghastly snake-dance; the
+shapes and spars of ships long since forgotten from the "Missing List";
+and always, most dread-inspiring of them all, the distress signals from
+the sinking ship of Mogul Mackenzie and his pirate crew.
+
+Captain Mogul Mackenzie was the last of the pirates to scourge the North
+Atlantic seaboard. He came from that school of freebooters that was let
+loose by the American Civil War. With a letter of marque from the
+Confederate States, he sailed the seas to prey on Yankee shipping. He
+and his fellow-privateers were so thorough in their work of destruction,
+that the Mercantile Marine of the United States was ruined for a
+generation to come. When the war was over the defeated South called off
+her few remaining bloodhounds on the sea. But Mackenzie, who was still
+at large, had drunk too deeply of the wine of a wild, free life. He did
+not return to lay down his arms, but began on a course of shameless
+piracy. He lived only a few months under the black flag, until he went
+down on the Isle of Haut. The events of that brief and thrilling period
+are unfortunately obscure, with only a ray of light here and there. But
+the story of his passing is the most weird of all the strange yarns
+that are spun about the "Island of the Dead."
+
+In May, 1865, a gruesome discovery was made off the coast of Maine,
+which sent a chill of fear through all the seaport towns of New England.
+A whaler bound for New Bedford was coming up Cape Cod one night long
+after dark. There was no fog, and the lights of approaching vessels
+could easily be discerned. The man on the lookout felt no uneasiness at
+his post, when, without any warning of bells or lights, the sharp bow of
+a brigantine suddenly loomed up, hardly a ship's length in front.
+
+"What the blazes are you trying to do?" roared the mate from the bridge,
+enraged at this unheard-of violation of the right of way. But no voice
+answered his challenge, and the brigantine went swinging by, with all
+her sails set to a spanking breeze. She bore directly across the bow of
+the whaler, which just grazed her stern in passing.
+
+"There's something rotten on board there," said the mate.
+
+"Ay," said the captain, who had come on the bridge, "there's something
+rotten there right enough. Swing your helm to port, and get after the
+devils," he ordered.
+
+"Ay, ay, sir!" came the ready response, and nothing loth the helmsman
+changed his course to follow the eccentric craft. She was evidently
+bound on some secret mission, for not otherwise would she thus tear
+through the darkness before the wind without the flicker of a light.
+
+The whaler was the swifter of the two ships, and she could soon have
+overhauled the other; but fearing some treachery, the captain refrained
+from running her down until daylight. All night long she seemed to be
+veering her course, attempting to escape from her pursuer. In the
+morning, off the coast of Maine, she turned her nose directly out to
+sea. Then a boat was lowered from the whaler, and rowed out to intercept
+the oncoming vessel. When they were directly in her course, they lay on
+their oars and waited. The brigantine did not veer again, but came
+steadily on, and soon the whalemen were alongside, and made themselves
+fast to a dinghy which she had in tow. A few minutes of apprehensive
+waiting followed, and as nothing happened, one of the boldest swung
+himself up over the tow-rope on to the deck. He was followed by the
+others, and they advanced cautiously with drawn knives and pistols.
+
+Not a soul was to be seen, and the men, who were brave enough before a
+charging whale, trembled with fear. The wheel and the lookout were alike
+deserted, and no sign of life could be discovered anywhere below. In the
+galley were the embers of a dead fire, and the table in the captain's
+cabin was spread out ready for a meal which had never been eaten. On
+deck everything was spick and span, and not the slightest evidence of a
+storm or any other disturbance could be found. The theory of a derelict
+was impossible. Apparently all had been well on board, and they had been
+sailing with good weather, when, without any warning, her crew had been
+suddenly snatched away by some dread power.
+
+The sailors with one accord agreed that it was the work of a
+sea-serpent. But the mate had no place for the ordinary superstitions of
+the sea, and he still scoured the hold, expecting at any minute to
+encounter a dead body or some other evil evidence of foul play. Nothing
+more, however, was found, and the mate at length had to end his search
+with the unsatisfactory conclusion that the _St. Clare_, a brigantine
+registered from Hartpool, with cargo of lime, had been abandoned on the
+high seas for no apparent reason. Her skipper had taken with him the
+ship's papers, and had not left a single clue behind.
+
+A crew was told off to stand by the _St. Clare_ to bring her into port,
+and the others climbed into the long-boat to row back to the whaler.
+
+"Just see if there is a name on that there dinghy, before we go," said
+the mate.
+
+An exclamation of horror broke from one of the men as he read on the bow
+of the dinghy the name, _Kanawha_.
+
+The faces of all went white with a dire alarm as the facts of the
+mystery suddenly flashed before them. The _Kanawha_ was the ship in
+which Captain Mogul Mackenzie had made himself notorious as a
+privateersman. Every one had heard her awe-inspiring name, and every
+Yankee seafaring man prayed that he might never meet her on the seas.
+After the _Alabama_ was sunk, and the _Talahassee_ was withdrawn, the
+_Kanawha_ still remained to threaten the shipping of the North. For a
+long time her whereabouts had been unknown, and then she was discovered
+by a Federal gunboat, which gave chase and fired upon her. Without
+returning fire, she raced in for shelter amongst the dangerous islands
+off Cape Sable, and was lost in the fog. Rumor had it that she ran on
+the rocks off that perilous coast, and sank with all on board. As time
+went by, and there was no more sign of the corsair, the rumor was
+accepted as proven. Men began to spin yarns in the forecastle about
+Mogul Mackenzie, with an interest that was tinged with its former fear.
+Skippers were beginning to feel at ease again on the grim waters, when
+suddenly, like a bolt from the blue, came the awful news of the
+discovery of the _St. Clare_.
+
+Gunboats put off to scour the coast-line; and again with fear and
+trembling the look-out began to eye suspiciously every new sail coming
+up on the horizon.
+
+One afternoon, toward the end of May, a schooner came tearing into
+Portland harbor, with all her canvas, crowded on, and flying distress
+signals. Her skipper said that off the island of Campabello he had seen
+a long gray sailing-ship with auxiliary power sweeping down upon him. As
+the wind was blowing strong inshore, he had taken to his heels and made
+for Portland. He was chased all the way, and his pursuer did not drop
+him until he was just off the harbor bar.
+
+Many doubted his story, however, saying that no one would dare to chase
+a peaceful craft so near to a great port in broad daylight. And, again,
+it was urged that an auxiliary vessel could easily have overhauled the
+schooner between Campabello and Portland. The fact that the captain of
+the schooner was as often drunk as sober, and that when he was under the
+influence of drink he was given to seeing visions, was pointed to as
+conclusive proof that his yarn was a lie. After the New Bedford whaler
+came into port with the abandoned _St. Clare_, it was known beyond doubt
+that the _Kanawha_ was still a real menace. But nobody cared to admit
+that Mogul Mackenzie was as bold as the schooner's report would imply,
+and hence countless arguments were put forward to allay such fears.
+
+But a few days later the fact that the pirates were still haunting their
+coast was absolutely corroborated. A coastal packet from Boston arrived
+at Yarmouth with the news that she had not only sighted _Kanawha_ in the
+distance, but they had crossed each other's paths so near that the name
+could be discerned beyond question with a spyglass. She was heading up
+the Bay of Fundy, and did not pause or pay any heed to the other ship.
+
+This news brought with it consternation, and every town and village
+along the Fundy was a-hum with stories and theories about the pirate
+ship. The interest, instead of being abated, was augmented as the days
+went by with no further report. In the public-houses and along the quays
+it was almost the only topic of conversation. The excitement became
+almost feverish when it was known that several captains, outward bound,
+had taken with them a supply of rifles and ammunition. The prospect of a
+fight seemed imminent.
+
+About a week after the adventure of the Boston packet Her Majesty's ship
+_Buzzard_ appeared off Yarmouth harbor. The news of the _Kanawha_ had
+come to the Admiral at Halifax, and he had dispatched the warship to
+cruise about the troubled coast.
+
+"That'll be the end of old Mogul Mackenzie, now that he's got an English
+ship on his trail," averred a Canadian as he sat drinking in the
+"Yarmouth Light" with a group of seafaring men of various nationalities.
+"It takes the British jack-tar to put the kibosh on this pirate game.
+One of them is worth a shipload of Yankees at the business."
+
+"Well, don't you crow too loud now," replied a Boston skipper. "I reckon
+that that Nova Scotian booze-artist, who ran into Portland the other day
+scared of his shadow, would not do you fellows much credit."
+
+"Yes; but what about your gunboats that have had the job of fixing the
+_Kanawha_ for the last three years, and haven't done it yet?" The
+feelings between Canada and the United States were none too good just
+after the Civil War, and the Canadian was bound not to lose this
+opportunity for horse-play. "You're a fine crowd of sea-dogs, you are,
+you fellows from the Boston Tea-Party. Three years after one little
+half-drowned rat, and haven't got him yet. Wouldn't Sir Francis Drake or
+Lord Nelson be proud of the record that you long-legged, slab-sided
+Yankees have made on the sea!"
+
+"Shut your mouth! you blue-nosed, down-East herring-choker!" roared the
+Yankee skipper. "I reckon we've given you traitors that tried to stab us
+in the back a good enough licking; and if any more of your dirty dogs
+ever come nosing about down south of Mason and Dixon's Line, I bet
+they'll soon find out what our record is."
+
+"Well, you fools can waste your tongue and wind," said a third man,
+raising his glass, "but for me here's good luck to the _Buzzard_."
+
+"So say we all of us," chimed in the others, and the Yankee and the
+Canadian drank together to the success of the British ship, forgetting
+their petty jealousies before a common foe.
+
+Everywhere the news of the arrival of the British warship was hailed
+with delight. All seemed to agree that her presence assured the speedy
+extermination of the pirate crew. But after several days of futile
+cruising about the coast, her commander, to escape from a coming storm,
+had to put into St. Mary's Bay, with the object of his search still
+eluding his vigilance. He only arrived in time to hear the last chapter
+of the _Kanawha's_ tale of horrors.
+
+The night before, Dominic Lefountain, a farmer living alone at
+Meteighan, a little village on the French shore, had been awakened from
+his sleep by the moaning and wailing of a human voice. For days the
+imminent peril of an assault from the pirates had filled the people of
+the French coast with forebodings. And now, awakened thus in the dead of
+night, the lonely Frenchman was wellnigh paralyzed with terror. With his
+flesh creeping, and his eyes wide, he groped for his rifle, and waited
+in the darkness, while ever and anon came those unearthly cries from the
+beach. Nearly an hour passed before he could gather himself together
+sufficiently to investigate the cause of the alarm. At last, when the
+piteous wailing had grown weak and intermittent, the instinct of
+humanity mastered his fears, and he went forth to give a possible succor
+to the one in need.
+
+On the beach, lying prostrate, with the water lapping about his feet, he
+found a man in the last stage of exhaustion. The blood was flowing from
+his mouth, and as Dominic turned him over to stanch its flow, he found
+that his tongue had been cut out, and hence the unearthly wailing which
+had roused him from his sleep. The beach was deserted by this time, and
+it was too dark to see far out into the bay.
+
+Dominic carried the unfortunate man to his house, and nursed him there
+for many weeks. He survived his frightful experiences, and lived on for
+twenty years, a pathetic and helpless figure, supported by the
+big-hearted farmers and fishermen of the French shore. Evidently he had
+known too much for his enemies, and they had sealed his mouth forever.
+He became known as the "Mysterious Man of Meteighan," and his deplorable
+condition was always pointed to as a mute witness of the last villainy
+of Mogul Mackenzie.
+
+On the night following the episode of the "Mysterious Man of Meteighan,"
+a wild and untoward storm swept down the North Atlantic and over the
+seaboard far and near. In the Bay of Fundy that night the elements met
+in their grandest extremes. Tide-rips and mountain waves opposed each
+other with titanic force. All along the bleak and rock-ribbed coast the
+boiling waters lay churned into foam. Over the breakwaters the giant
+combers crashed and soared far up into the troubled sky; while out under
+the black clouds of the night the whirlpools and the tempests met. Was
+ever a night like this before? Those on shore thanked God; and those
+with fathers on the sea gazed out upon a darkness where no star of hope
+could shine.
+
+Now and again through the Stygian gloom a torrent of sheet-lightning
+rolled down across the heavens, bringing in its wake a moment of
+terrible light. It was in one of these brief moments of illumination
+that the wan watchers at Hall's Harbor discerned a long gray ship being
+swept like a specter before the winds towards the Isle of Haut. Until
+the flash of lightning the doomed seamen appeared to have been
+unconscious of their fast approaching fate; and then, as if suddenly
+awakened, they sent a long thin trail of light, to wind itself far up
+into the darkness. Again and again the rockets shot upward from her bow,
+while above the noises of the tempest came the roar of a gun.
+
+The people on the shore looked at each other with blanched faces,
+speechless, helpless. A lifetime by that shore had taught them the utter
+puniness of the sons of men. Others would have tried to do something
+with what they thought was their strong arm. But the fishermen knew too
+well that the Fundy's arm was stronger. In silence they waited with
+bated breath while the awful moments passed. Imperturbable they stood
+there, with their feet in the white foam and their faces in the salt
+spray, and gazed at the curtain of the night, behind which a tragedy was
+passing, as dark and dire as any in the annals of the sea.
+
+Another flash of lightning, and there, dashing upon the iron rocks, was
+a great ship, with all her sails set, and a cloud of lurid smoke
+trailing from her funnel. She was gray-colored, with auxiliary power,
+and as her lines dawned upon those who saw her in the moment of light,
+they burst out with one accord, "It's the _Kanawha_! It's the
+_Kanawha_!" As if an answer to their sudden cry another gun roared, and
+another shower of rockets shot up into the sky; and then all was lost
+again in the darkness and the voices of the tempest.
+
+Next morning the winds had gone out with the tide, and when in the
+afternoon the calm waters had risen, a boat put off from Hall's Harbor
+and rowed to the Isle of Haut. For several hours the rocky shores were
+searched for some traces of the wreck, but not a spar or splinter could
+be found. All about the bright waters laughed, with naught but the
+sunbeams on their bosom, and not a shadow remained from last night's
+sorrow on the sea.
+
+So Mogul Mackenzie, who had lived a life of stress, passed out on the
+wings of storm. In his end, as always, he baffled pursuit, and was
+sought but could not be found. His sailings on the sea were in secret,
+and his last port in death was a mystery. But, as has been already
+related, when the Northern Lights come down across the haunted island,
+the distress signals of his pirate crew are still seen shooting up into
+the night.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[27] From _Blackwood's Magazine_.
+
+
+
+
+THE LAST OF THE SEA-ROVERS
+
+The Riff Coast Pirates[28]
+
+W. B. LORD
+
+    O nay, O nay, then said our King,
+      O nay, this must not be,
+    To yield to such a rover
+      Myself will not agree;
+    He hath deceived the Frenchman,
+      Likewise the King of Spain,
+    And how can he be true to me,
+      That hath been false to twain?
+
+                OLD SEA SONG OF THE YEAR 1620.
+
+
+Probably by this time the greater part of the piratical craft along the
+Riff coast has been destroyed, and the long-promised Moorish gunboat
+stationed there to protect foreign shipping.[29] These steps have
+doubtless been hastened by the fact that the pirates, unfortunately for
+themselves, attacked a vessel some little time ago belonging to the
+Sultan of Morocco. For years past the Governments of several European
+Powers have sought to put friendly pressure upon the Sultan of Morocco
+to effectually stop the depredations of the Riffian coast pirates. No
+strong measures, however, were really taken until the above episode
+occurred. It is said that in early days the Moors were some time in
+accustoming themselves to the perils of the deep. At first they
+marvelled greatly at "those that go down to the sea in ships, and have
+their business in great waters," but they did not hasten to follow their
+example. One eminent ruler of ancient times, in that region, when asked
+what the sea was like, replied, "The sea is a huge beast which silly
+folk ride like worms on logs." But it afterwards became clear that the
+Moors had a strong fancy for the "worms" and "logs" too. They gave up
+marvelling at those who went to sea, and went on it themselves in search
+of plunder. The risk, the uncertainty, the danger, the sense of superior
+skill and ingenuity, that attract the adventurous spirit, and the
+passion for sport, are stated by some writers to have brought such a
+state of things into existence. One fact seems to be pretty certain,
+that when these depredations were first made, they took the form of
+reprisals upon the Spaniards. No sooner was Granada fallen, than
+thousands of desperate Moors left the land, disdaining to live under a
+Spanish yoke. Settling along a portion of the northern coast of Africa,
+they immediately proceeded to first attack all Spanish vessels that
+could be found. Their quickness and knowledge of the coasts gave them
+the opportunity of reprisals for which they longed. Probably this got
+monotonous in course of time, for in their wild sea courses they took
+to harrying the vessels belonging to other nations, and so laid the
+foundation for a race of pirates, which has continued down to quite
+recently. As nowadays, the Moors cruised in boats from the commencement
+of their marauding expeditions. Each man pulled an oar, and knew how to
+fight as well as row. Drawing little water, a small squadron of these
+craft could be pushed up almost any creek, or lie hidden behind a rock,
+till the enemy came in sight. Then oars out, and a quick stroke for a
+few minutes. Next they were alongside their unsuspecting prey, and
+pouring in a first volley. Ultimately the prize was usually taken, the
+crew put in irons, and the pirates returned home with their capture, no
+doubt being received with acclamation upon their arrival.
+
+As far back as the sixteenth century the Spanish forts at Alhucemas--not
+to mention other places--were established for the purpose of repressing
+piracy in its vicinity. Considerable interest is attached to several of
+the piracies committed during the past few years, as they culminated in
+strong representations being made to the Sultan of Morocco by the
+various Governments under whose flag the respective vessels sailed. Some
+of them went so far as to send warships to cruise along the Riffian
+coast. This step apparently had some moral effect upon the pirates, for
+from that time onwards attacks upon foreign vessels practically ceased.
+Something more than this, however, was needed, for no one could say how
+soon the marauding expeditions might be renewed upon a larger scale than
+ever, so as to make up for lost opportunities. On August 14, 1897, the
+Italian three-masted schooner _Fiducia_ was off the coast of Morocco, in
+the Mediterranean, homeward bound from Pensacola to Marseilles. Here she
+got becalmed, and while in that condition two boats approached her from
+the shore. At first the crew of the _Fiducia_ thought they were native
+fishing boats. When, however, the latter got within a hundred yards or
+so of the helpless vessel, the suspicions of the crew were aroused. The
+captain warned the Moors not to approach any nearer; a volley of bullets
+was returned by way of reply, followed by a regular fusillade as the
+boats advanced. There were only three revolvers on board the schooner,
+and with these the crew prepared to defend themselves. Soon, however,
+their supply of ammunition became exhausted, and the pirates boarded the
+schooner without further opposition. The vessel was at once ransacked,
+even the clothes of the crew being taken. The ship's own boat was
+lowered, and into this the marauders put their booty, and took it
+ashore, also carrying the captain and one of the crew with them. About
+an hour later another boat, containing about twenty pirates, came off
+and fired on the ship. The crew, seeing that they could offer no
+effective resistance, hid themselves away in the hold. The other pirates
+had left very little for the new arrivals to take, and this seemed to
+annoy them so much that they gave vent to their ill-feelings in several
+ways, not the least wanton being the pollution of the ship's fresh
+water. They also smashed the vessel's compass, and tore up the charts.
+For the next two days the crew existed on a few biscuits, which the
+pirates had left behind. The following day the British steamship
+_Oanfa_, of London, hove in sight. The crew of the schooner hoisted a
+shirt as a signal, which was fortunately seen, and a boat sent off in
+response thereto. Assistance was promptly rendered, and the _Fiducia_
+put in a position to resume her voyage. This was done until spoken by
+the Italian cruiser _Ercole_, which assisted the schooner to her
+destination.
+
+In October, 1896, the French barque _Prosper Corue_ was lying becalmed
+off Alhucemas, a place fortified by the Spaniards to keep the pirates in
+check, when several boats full of armed Moors seized the vessel and made
+the crew prisoners. They then completely pillaged the ship, removing
+almost everything of any use or value. While the miscreants were thus
+busily engaged a Spanish merchant steamship, named the _Sevilla_,
+happened to come along, and was in time to capture one boat and rescue
+several of the prisoners. The _Sevilla_ then made towards the barque,
+but the pirates opened fire on the steamer, killing and wounding some of
+the crew. The Spaniard was compelled to retire, leaving the captain of
+the barque in the hands of the Moors. Subsequently the barque was
+picked up in an abandoned condition by the British steamship _Oswin_,
+and towed into Almeria. An arrangement was afterwards made with the
+pirates to release the captains of the _Fiducia_ and the Portuguese
+barque _Rosita Faro_--a much earlier capture--and some members of both
+crews, in exchange for the Riffians captured by the Spanish steamer
+_Sevilla_ and a ransom of 3,000 dollars. It was only after prolonged
+negotiations and a large sum of money that a French warship succeeded in
+obtaining the freedom of the captain of the _Prosper Corue_ and a few
+other Frenchmen. For some reason or other, the pirates seemed very much
+disinclined to part with these prisoners. Only a short time before the
+attack on the French barque took place, a notice was issued by the
+British Board of Trade, in which the attention of ship-owners and
+masters of vessels was called to the dangers attending navigation off
+the coast of Morocco. The document then proceeded to detail the case of
+the British schooner _Mayer_, of Gibraltar, which was boarded about 10
+miles from the Riff coast by twenty Moors armed with rifles and daggers.
+As usual, the pirates ransacked the vessel, destroyed the ensign and
+ship's papers, brutally assaulted the men on board, and then made off in
+their boat. Scarcely had the foregoing notice been generally circulated
+than another case of a similar character happened in connection with the
+Italian schooner _Scatuola_. Again, there is the Spanish cutter
+_Jacob_. She was running along the Moorish coast one fine summer's
+evening a few years since, when a boat full of pirates suddenly came
+alongside, and speedily upset the quietness which had previously reigned
+on board the _Jacob_. Five of the crew managed to escape in the cutter's
+boat and were picked up some days later by a passing vessel. Those who
+remained on board the cutter fared very badly. After the vessel had been
+pillaged, the rigging and sails destroyed, the men were all securely
+bound and left to their fate. Fortunately the weather continued fine,
+and the _Jacob_ drifted towards the Spanish coast, where she was seen
+and assistance promptly rendered.
+
+The captain of another Spanish vessel had quite a "thrilling" adventure
+among these pirates in May, 1892. He left Gibraltar in command of the
+barque _San Antonio_ for Alhucemas, and when about six miles from Peñon
+de la Gomera a boat manned by thirteen Moors was observed to be
+approaching the vessel. When near enough they opened fire, and ordered
+the captain to lower his sails, which was done, as the Spaniards were,
+practically speaking, without arms. The Moors then boarded the _San
+Antonio_ and took her in tow. When close to the land the captain was
+rowed ashore, and the pirates spent part of the night in unloading the
+cargo. Next morning the _San Antonio_ was seen drifting out to sea, and
+the captain, who was afraid of being put to death, suggested that he
+should go on board and bring her back to the anchorage. Probably
+thinking that some of their comrades were on the barque, but unable to
+set the necessary canvas to return, only two Moors were sent off with
+the captain, and these remained in the boat when the vessel was reached.
+Upon gaining the deck of the barque the captain was surprised to find
+himself alone. Without hesitating for a moment he released the crew, who
+were confined below, hoisted sail and stood out to sea. The Moors who
+had been left in the boat were speedily cut adrift, much to their
+amazement, for it so happened that none of the pirates had stayed on
+board. No doubt they were eager to find a safe hiding-place for their
+plunder, and, thinking the barque quite secure till morning, took no
+further heed of the matter. A few days later the _San Antonio_ arrived
+at Gibraltar, where full particulars of the outrage were furnished to
+the authorities. Space will not admit of details being given of the
+attacks on the Spanish barque _Goleta_, the Portuguese barque _Rosita
+Faro_, the British felucca _Joven Enrique_, and other vessels. It should
+be mentioned, however, that several famous British and foreign sailing
+yachts upon various occasions have had remarkably narrow escapes from
+being captured by these sea ruffians.
+
+It is sincerely to be hoped that the Sultan of Morocco is carrying out
+his task in such a manner as will induce the inhabitants of the Riff
+coast to follow some occupation in future which is more likely to be
+appreciated by those who have to navigate vessels in the Mediterranean.
+Previous to stern measures being taken by the Sultan, it was not at all
+uncommon for his envoys to the native tribes--for the purpose of
+obtaining the release of captives--to be received with derision. Often,
+too, they were maltreated to such an extent that they were glad to
+escape with their lives. Some of the neighboring tribes continually
+endeavored to purchase captives for the pleasure of killing them, but it
+is satisfactory to learn that no sales are recorded, as the anticipated
+ransom was always largely in excess of the sums offered by the
+bloodthirsty natives.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[28] From the _Nautical Magazine_.
+
+[29] About twenty years ago.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Great Pirate Stories, by Various
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+    </title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Great Pirate Stories, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Great Pirate Stories
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Joseph Lewis French
+
+Release Date: October 29, 2008 [EBook #27090]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GREAT PIRATE STORIES ***
+
+
+
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+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Stephen Blundell and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
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+</pre>
+
+
+<h1><big>Great Pirate Stories</big></h1>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Edited by</span></p>
+
+<h2>JOSEPH LEWIS FRENCH</h2>
+<div class="p1"><p class="center">Editor of "Great Sea Stories," "Masterpieces of Mystery,"<br />
+"Great Ghost Stories," etc.</p></div>
+
+<div class="p2"><p class="center"><span class="smcap">Two Volumes<br />
+in One</span></p></div>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="sp1">TUDOR PUBLISHING CO.</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">New York</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class="center">First Printing, November, 1922<br />
+Second Printing, January, 1923<br />
+Third Printing, November, 1923<br />
+Fourth Printing, November, 1929</p>
+
+<div class="p3"><p class="center"><i>Printed in the United States of America</i></p></div>
+<p class="center">Copyright, 1922, by Brentano's</p>
+
+<div class="trn"><b>Transcriber's Note:</b>
+Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.
+Archaic, dialect and quoted spellings (including inconsistent proper nouns), in addition to irregular hyphenation, remain as printed.</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i0">Go tell your King, he is King of the Land;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But I am the King of the Sea!<br /></span>
+<div class="rgt"><span class="smcap">Barbarossa to Charles V.</span></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>FOREWORD</h2></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Piracy</span> embodies the romance of the sea at its
+highest expression. It is a sad but inevitable
+commentary on our civilization, that, so far
+as the sea is concerned, it has developed from its
+infancy down to a century or so ago, under one
+phase or another of piracy. If men were savages
+on land they were doubly so at sea, and all the
+years of maritime adventure&mdash;years that added to
+the map of the world till there was little left to
+discover&mdash;could not wholly eradicate the piratical
+germ. It went out gradually with the settlement
+and ordering of the far-flung British colonies. Great
+Britain, foremost of sea powers, must be credited
+with doing more both directly and indirectly for the
+abolition of crime and disorder on the high seas than
+any other force. But the conquest was not complete
+till the advent of steam which chased the sea-rover
+into the farthest corners of his domain. It is
+said that he survives even today in certain spots in
+the Chinese waters,&mdash;but he is certainly an innocuous
+relic. A pirate of any sort would be as
+great a curiosity today if he could be caught and
+exhibited as a fabulous monster.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span></p><p>The fact remains and will always persist that in
+the lore of the sea he is far and away the most picturesque
+figure,&mdash;and the more genuine and gross
+his career, the higher degree of interest does he inspire.</p>
+
+<p>There may be a certain human perversity in this,
+for the pirate was unquestionably a bad man&mdash;at
+his best, or worst&mdash;considering his surroundings and
+conditions,&mdash;undoubtedly the worst man that ever
+lived. There is little to soften the dark yet glowing
+picture of his exploits. But again, it must be
+remembered, that not only does the note of distance
+subdue, and even lend a certain enchantment
+to the scene, but the effect of contrast between our
+peaceful times and his own contributes much to
+deepen our interest in him. Perhaps it is this latter,
+added to that deathless spark in the human
+breast that glows at the tale of adventure, which
+makes him the kind of hero of romance that he is
+today.</p>
+
+<p>He is undeniably a redoubtable historical figure.
+It is a curious fact that the commerce of the seas
+was cradled in the lap of buccaneering. The constant
+danger of the deeps in this form only made
+hardier mariners out of the merchant-adventurers,
+actually stimulating and strengthening maritime enterprise.</p>
+
+<p>Buccaneering&mdash;which is only a politer term for
+piracy&mdash;thus became the high romance of the seas
+during the great centuries of maritime adventure.
+It went hand in hand with discovery,&mdash;they were in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span>
+fact almost inseparable. Most of the mighty mariners
+from the days of Leif the Discoverer, through
+those of the redoubtable Sir Francis Drake down to
+our own Paul Jones, answer to the roll-call.</p>
+
+<p>It was a bold hardy world&mdash;this of ours&mdash;up to
+the advent of our giant-servant, Steam,&mdash;every foot
+of which was won by fierce conquest of one sort or
+another. Out of this past the pirate emerges as a
+romantic, even at times heroic, figure. This final
+niche, despite his crimes, cannot altogether be denied
+him. A hero he is and will remain so long as
+tales of the sea are told. So, have at him, in these
+pages!</p>
+
+<div class="rgt"><span class="smcap">Joseph Lewis French.</span></div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span></p>
+<h2><b>CONTENTS</b></h2>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+
+<tr><td class="td3" colspan="2"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Piccaroon</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>Tom Cringle's Log</i>. By <span class="smcap">Michael Scott</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Capture of Panama, 1671</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>The Buccaneers of America</i>. By <span class="smcap">John Esquemeling</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Malay Proas</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_52">52</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>Afloat and Ashore</i>. By <span class="smcap">James Fenimore Cooper</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Wonderful Fight of the <i>Exchange</i> of Bristol with the
+Pirates of Algiers</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>Purchas, His Pilgrims</i>. By <span class="smcap">Samuel Purchas</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Daughter of the Great Mogul</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>The King of the Pirates</i>. By <span class="smcap">Daniel Defoe</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">Barbarossa&mdash;King of the Corsairs</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_97">97</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>Sea Wolves of the Mediterranean</i>. By <span class="smcap">E. Hamilton Currey, R.N</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">Morgan at Puerto Bello</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_115">115</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>The Buccaneers of America</i>. By <span class="smcap">John Esquemeling</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Ways of the Buccaneers</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>Buccaneer Customs on the Spanish Main</i>. By <span class="smcap">John Masefield</span> after <span class="smcap">John Esquemeling</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">A True Account of Three Notorious Pirates</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>The Buccaneers of America</i>. By <span class="smcap">Howard Pyle, Ed</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">Narrative of the Capture of the Ship <i>Derby</i>, 1735</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_196">196</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[xii]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">By <span class="smcap">Captain Anselm</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">Francis Lolonois, the Slave Who Became a Pirate King</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_209">209</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>The Buccaneers of America</i>. By <span class="smcap">John Esquemeling</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Fight between the <i>Dorrill</i> and the <i>Moca</i></td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_232">232</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>The Indian Antiquary</i>, Vol. 49.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">Jaddi the Malay Pirate</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_240">240</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>The Indian Antiquary</i>, Vol. 49.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Terrible Ladrones</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_247">247</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>The Ladrone Pirates</i>. By <span class="smcap">Richard Glasspoole</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Female Captive</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_276">276</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From an Old Pamphlet, published in 1825. By <span class="smcap">Lucretia Parker</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Passing of Mogul Mackenzie, the Last of the North Atlantic Pirates</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_298">298</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>. By <span class="smcap">Arthur Hunt Chute</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="td1">The Last of the Sea-Rovers: The Riff Coast Pirates</td><td class="td3"><a href="#Page_312">312</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="td2">From the <i>Nautical Magazine</i>. By <span class="smcap">W. B. Lord</span>.</td><td class="td3">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+</table></div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p>
+<h1>GREAT PIRATE STORIES</h1>
+
+<div class="p4"><h2>THE PICCAROON<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Michael Scott</span></h3>
+
+<p class="center">"Ours the wild life in tumult still to range."&mdash;<i>The Corsair.</i></p></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">We</span> returned to Carthagena, to be at hand
+should any opportunity occur for Jamaica,
+and were lounging about one forenoon on
+the fortifications, looking with sickening hearts out
+to seaward, when a voice struck up the following
+negro ditty close to us:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i0">"Fader was a Corramantee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Moder was a Mingo,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Black picaniny buccra wantee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">So dem sell a me, Peter, by jingo.<br /></span>
+<span class="i6">Jiggery, jiggery, jiggery."<br /></span>
+</div>
+
+<p>"Well sung, Massa Bungo!" exclaimed Mr.
+Splinter; "where do you hail from, my hearty?"</p>
+
+<p>"Hillo! Bungo, indeed! free and easy dat, anyhow.
+Who you yousef, eh?"</p>
+
+<p>"Why, Peter," continued the lieutenant, "don't
+you know me?"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Cannot say dat I do," rejoined the negro, very
+gravely, without lifting his head, as he sat mending
+his jacket in one of the embrasures near the
+water-gate of the arsenal&mdash;"Hab not de honour of
+your acquaintance, sir."</p>
+
+<p>He then resumed his scream, for song it could
+not be called:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i0">"Mammy Sally's daughter<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Lose him shoe in an old canoe<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dat lay half full of water,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And den she knew not what to do.<br /></span>
+<span class="i6">Jiggery, jig&mdash;&mdash;"<br /></span>
+</div>
+
+<p>"Confound your jiggery, jiggery, sir! But I
+know you well enough, my man; and you can
+scarcely have forgotten Lieutenant Splinter of the
+Torch, one would think?"</p>
+
+<p>However, it was clear that the poor fellow really
+had not known us; for the name so startled him,
+that, in his hurry to unlace his legs from under him,
+as he sat tailor-fashion, he fairly capsized out of his
+perch, and toppled down on his nose&mdash;a feature,
+fortunately, so flattened by the hand of nature, that
+I question if it could have been rendered more obtuse
+had he fallen out of the maintop on a timber-head,
+or a marine officer's.</p>
+
+<p>"Eh!&mdash;no&mdash;yes, him sure enough; and who is de
+picaniny hofficer&mdash;Oh! I see, Massa Tom Cringle?
+Garamighty, gentlemen, where have you drop from?
+Where is de old Torch? Many a time hab I, Peter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span>
+Mangrove, pilot to Him Britannic Majesty squadron,
+taken de old brig in and through amongst de
+keys at Port Royal!"</p>
+
+<p>"Ay, and how often did you scour her copper
+against the coral reefs, Peter?"</p>
+
+<p>His Majesty's pilot gave a knowing look, and laid
+his hand on his breast&mdash;"No more of dat if you
+love me, massa."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, well, it don't signify now, my boy; she
+will never give you that trouble again&mdash;foundered&mdash;all
+hands lost, Peter, but the two you see before
+you."</p>
+
+<p>"Werry sorry, Massa Plinter, werry sorry&mdash;What!
+de black cook's-mate and all?&mdash;But misfortune
+can't be help. Stop till I put up my needle, and
+I will take a turn wid you." Here he drew himself
+up with a great deal of absurd gravity. "Proper
+dat British hofficer in distress should assist one
+anoder&mdash;we shall consult togeder.&mdash;How can I
+serve you?"</p>
+
+<p>"Why, Peter, if you could help us to a passage to
+Port Royal, it would be serving us most essentially.
+When we used to be lying there a week seldom
+passed without one of the squadron arriving from
+this; but here have we been for more than a month
+without a single pennant belonging to the station
+having looked in: our money is running short, and
+if we are to hold on in Carthagena for another six
+weeks, we shall not have a shot left in the locker&mdash;not
+a copper to tinkle on a tombstone."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The negro looked steadfastly at us, then carefully
+around. There was no one near.</p>
+
+<p>"You see, Massa Plinter, I am desirable to serve
+you, for one little reason of my own; but, beside
+dat, it is good for me at present to make some
+friend wid de hofficer of de squadron, being as how
+dat I am absent widout leave."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, I perceive&mdash;a large R against your name in
+the master-attendant's books, eh?"</p>
+
+<p>"You have hit it, sir, werry close; besides, I long
+mosh to return to my poor wife, Nancy Cator, dat
+I leave, wagabone dat I is, just about to be confine."</p>
+
+<p>I could not resist putting in my oar.</p>
+
+<p>"I saw Nancy just before we sailed, Peter&mdash;fine
+child that; not quite so black as you, though."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, massa," said Snowball, grinning, and showing
+his white teeth, "you know I am soch a terrible
+black fellow&mdash;But you are a leetle out at present,
+massa&mdash;I meant, about to be confine in de work-house
+for stealing de admiral's Muscovy ducks;"
+and he laughed loud and long.&mdash;"However, if you
+will promise dat you will stand my friends, I will
+put you in de way of getting a shove across to de
+east end of Jamaica; and I will go wid you too, for
+company."</p>
+
+<p>"Thank you," rejoined Mr. Splinter; "but how
+do you mean to manage this? There is no Kingston
+trader here at present, and you don't mean to
+make a start of it in an open boat, do you?"</p>
+
+<p>"No, sir, I don't; but in de first place&mdash;as you are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>
+a gentleman, will you try and get me off when we
+get to Jamaica? Secondly, will you promise dat
+you will not seek to know more of de vessel you
+may go in, nor of her crew, than dey are willing to
+tell you, provided you are landed safe?"</p>
+
+<p>"Why, Peter, I scarcely think you would deceive
+us, for you know I saved your bacon in that awkward
+affair, when through drunkenness you
+plumped the Torch ashore, so&mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Forget dat, sir&mdash;forget dat! Never shall poor
+black pilot forget how you saved him from being
+seized up, when de gratings, boatswain's mates, and
+all, were ready at de gangway&mdash;never shall poor
+black rascal forget dat."</p>
+
+<p>"Indeed, I do not think you would wittingly betray
+us into trouble, Peter; and as I guess you mean
+one of the forced traders, we will venture in her,
+rather than kick about here any longer, and pay a
+moderate sum for our passage."</p>
+
+<p>"Den wait here five minute"&mdash;and so saying, he
+slipped down through the embrasure into a canoe
+that lay beneath, and in a trice we saw him jump on
+board of a long low nondescript kind of craft that
+lay moored within pistol-shot of the walls.</p>
+
+<p>She was a large shallow vessel, coppered to the
+bends, of great breadth of beam, with bright sides,
+like an American, so painted as to give her a clumsy
+mercantile sheen externally, but there were many
+things that belied this to a nautical eye: her copper,
+for instance, was bright as burnished gold on her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>
+very sharp bows and beautiful run; and we could
+see, from the bastion where we stood, that her decks
+were flush and level. She had no cannon mounted
+that were visible; but we distinguished grooves on
+her well-scrubbed decks, as from the recent traversing
+of carronade slides, while the bolts and rings in
+her high and solid bulwarks shone clear and bright
+in the ardent noontide. There was a tarpaulin
+stretched over a quantity of rubbish, old sails, old
+junk, and hencoops, rather ostentatiously piled up
+forward, which we conjectured might conceal a long
+gun.</p>
+
+<p>She was a very taught-rigged hermaphrodite, or
+brig forward and schooner aft. Her foremast and
+bowsprit were immensely strong and heavy, and her
+mainmast was so long and tapering, that the wonder
+was how the few shrouds and stays about it
+could support it; it was the handsomest stick we had
+ever seen. Her upper spars were on the same scale,
+tapering away through topmast, topgallant-mast,
+royal and skysail-masts, until they fined away into
+slender wands. The sails, that were loose to dry,
+were old, and patched, and evidently displayed to
+cloak the character of the vessel by an ostentatious
+show of their unserviceable condition; but her rigging
+was beautifully fitted, every rope lying in the
+chafe of another being carefully served with hide.
+There were several large bushy-whiskered fellows
+lounging about the deck, with their hair gathered
+into dirty net-bags, like the fishermen of Barcelona;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>
+many had red silk sashes round their waists, through
+which were stuck their long knives, in shark-skin
+sheaths. Their numbers were not so great as to
+excite suspicion: but a certain daring, reckless manner,
+would at once have distinguished them, independently
+of anything else, from the quiet, hard-worked,
+red-shirted, merchant seaman.</p>
+
+<p>"That chap is not much to be trusted," said the
+lieutenant; "his bunting would make a few jackets
+for Joseph, I take it." But we had little time to
+be critical, before our friend Peter came paddling
+back with another blackamoor in the stern, of as
+ungainly an exterior as could well be imagined. He
+was a very large man, whose weight every now and
+then, as they breasted the short sea, cocked up the
+snout of the canoe with Peter Mangrove in it, as if
+he had been a cork, leaving him to flourish his paddle
+in the air, like the weather-wheel of a steam-boat
+in a sea-way. The new-comer was strong and
+broad-shouldered, with long muscular arms, and a
+chest like Hercules; but his legs and thighs were,
+for his bulk, remarkably puny and misshapen. A
+thick fell of black wool, in close tufts, as if his face
+had been stuck full of cloves, covered his chin and
+upper-lip; and his hair, if hair it could be called, was
+twisted into a hundred short plaits, that bristled out,
+and gave his head, when he took his hat off, the appearance
+of a porcupine. There was a large saber-cut
+across his nose and down his cheek, and he wore
+two immense gold earrings. His dress consisted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>
+of short cotton drawers, that did not reach within
+two inches of his knee, leaving his thin cucumber
+shanks (on which the small bullet-like calf appeared
+to have been stuck before, through mistake, in place
+of abaft) naked to the shoe; a check shirt, and an
+enormously large Panama hat, made of a sort of
+cane, split small, and worn shovel-fashion. Notwithstanding,
+he made his bow by no means ungracefully,
+and offered his services in choice Spanish, but
+spoke English as soon as he heard who we were.</p>
+
+<p>"Pray, sir, are you the master of that vessel?"
+said the lieutenant.</p>
+
+<p>"No, sir, I am the mate, and I learn you are desirous
+of a passage to Jamaica." This was spoken
+with a broad Scotch accent.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, we are," said I, in very great astonishment,
+"but we will not sail with the devil; and who
+ever saw a negro Scotchman before, the spirit of
+Nicol Jarvie conjured into a blackamoor's skin!"</p>
+
+<p>The fellow laughed. "I am black, as you see; so
+were my father and mother before me." And he
+looked at me, as much as to say, I have read the
+book you quote from. "But I was born in the good
+town of Port-Glasgow notwithstanding, and many
+a voyage I have made as cabin-boy and cook in the
+good ship the Peggy Bogle, with worthy old Jock
+Hunter; but that matters not. I was told you
+wanted to go to Jamaica; I dare-say our captain will
+take you for a moderate passage-money. But here
+he comes to speak for himself.&mdash;Captain Vanderbosh,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>
+here are two shipwrecked British officers, who
+wish to be put on shore on the east end of Jamaica;
+will you take them, and what will you charge for
+their passage?"</p>
+
+<p>The man he spoke to was nearly as tall as himself;
+he was a sunburnt, angular, raw-boned, iron-visaged
+veteran, with a nose in shape and color
+like the bowl of his own pipe, but not at all, according
+to the received idea, like a Dutchman. His
+dress was quizzical enough&mdash;white-trousers, a long-flapped
+embroidered waistcoat that might have belonged
+to a Spanish grandee, with an old-fashioned
+French-cut coat, showing the frayed marks where
+the lace had been stripped off, voluminous in the
+skirts, but very tight in the sleeves, which were
+so short as to leave his large bony paws, and six
+inches of his arm above the wrist, exposed; altogether,
+it fitted him like a purser's shirt on a hand-spike.</p>
+
+<p>"Vy, for von hondred thaler I will land dem safe
+in Mancheoneal Bay; but how shall ve manage,
+Villiamson? De cabin vas point yesterday."</p>
+
+<p>The Scotch negro nodded. "Never mind; I dare-say
+the smell of the paint won't signify to the gentlemen."</p>
+
+<p>The bargain was ratified; we agreed to pay the
+stipulated sum, and that same evening, having
+dropped down with the last of the sea-breeze, we
+set sail from Bocca Chica, and began working up
+under the lee of the headland of Punto Canoa.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>
+When off the San Domingo Gate, we burned a blue-light,
+which was immediately answered by another
+in-shore of us. In the glare we could perceive two
+boats, full of men. Any one who has ever played
+at snapdragon, can imagine the unearthly appearance
+of objects when seen by this species of firework. In
+the present instance it was held aloft on a boat-hook,
+and cast a strong spectral light on the band of lawless
+ruffians, who were so crowded together that they
+entirely filled the boats, no part of which could be
+seen. It seemed as if two clusters of fiends, suddenly
+vomited forth from hell, were floating on the
+surface of the midnight sea, in the midst of brimstone
+flames. In a few moments our crew was
+strengthened by about forty as ugly Christians as
+I ever set eyes on. They were of all ages, countries,
+complexions, and tongues, and looked as if
+they had been kidnapped by a pressgang as they had
+knocked off from the Tower of Babel. From the
+moment they came on board, Captain Vanderbosh
+was shorn of all his glory, and sank into the petty
+officer while, to our amazement, the Scottish negro
+took the command, evincing great coolness, energy,
+and skill. He ordered the schooner to be wore as
+soon as we had shipped the men, and laid her head
+off the land, then set all hands to shift the old suit
+of sails, and to bend new ones.</p>
+
+<p>"Why did you not shift your canvas before we
+started?" said I to the Dutch captain, or mate, or
+whatever he might be.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Vy vont you be content to take a quiet passage
+and hax no question?" was the uncivil rejoinder,
+which I felt inclined to resent, until I remembered
+that we were in the hands of the Philistines, where
+a quarrel would have been worse than useless. I
+was gulping down the insult as well as I could, when
+the black captain came aft, and, with the air of
+an equal, invited us into the cabin to take a glass of
+grog. We had scarcely sat down before we heard
+a noise like the swaying up of guns, or some other
+heavy articles, from the hold.</p>
+
+<p>I caught Mr. Splinter's eye&mdash;he nodded, but said
+nothing. In half an hour afterwards, when we went
+on deck, we saw by the light of the moon twelve
+eighteen-pound carronades mounted, six of a side,
+with their accompaniments of rammers and sponges,
+water-buckets, boxes of round, grape, and canister,
+and tubs of wadding, while the coamings of the
+hatchways were thickly studded with round-shot.
+The tarpaulin and lumber forward had disappeared,
+and there lay long Tom, ready levelled, grinning
+on his pivot.</p>
+
+<p>The ropes were all coiled away, and laid down
+in regular man-of-war fashion; while an ugly gruff
+beast of a Spanish mulatto, apparently the officer
+of the watch, walked the weatherside of the quarterdeck
+in the true pendulum style. Look-outs were
+placed aft, and at the gangways and bows, who every
+now and then passed the word to keep a bright
+look-out, while the rest of the watch were stretched<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>
+silent, but evidently broad awake, under the lee of
+the boat. We noticed that each man had his cutlass
+buckled round his waist&mdash;that the boarding-pikes
+had been cut loose from the main boom, round
+which they had been stopped, and that about thirty
+muskets were ranged along a fixed rack that ran
+athwart ships near the main hatchway.</p>
+
+<p>By the time we had reconnoitred thus far the
+night became overcast, and a thick bank of clouds
+began to rise to windward; some heavy drops of rain
+fell, and the thunder grumbled at a distance. The
+black veil crept gradually on, until it shrouded the
+whole firmament, and left us in as dark a night as
+ever poor devils were out in. By-and-by a narrow
+streak of bright moonlight appeared under the
+lower-edge of the bank, defining the dark outlines
+of the tumbling multitudinous billows on the horizon
+as distinctly as if they had been pasteboard waves
+in a theater.</p>
+
+<p>"Is that a sail to windward in the clear, think
+you?" said Mr. Splinter to me in a whisper. At
+this moment it lightened vividly. "I am sure it is,"
+continued he&mdash;"I could see her white canvas glance
+just now."</p>
+
+<p>I looked steadily, and at last caught the small
+dark speck against the bright background, rising and
+falling on the swell of the sea like a feather.</p>
+
+<p>As we stood on, she was seen more distinctly,
+but, to all appearance, nobody was aware of her
+proximity. We were mistaken in this, however, for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>
+the captain suddenly jumped on a gun, and gave his
+orders with a fiery energy that startled us.</p>
+
+<p>"Leroux!" A small French boy was at his side
+in a moment. "Forward, and call all hands to shorten
+sail; but, <i>doucement</i>, you land-crab!&mdash;Man the
+fore clew-garnets.&mdash;Hands by the top-gallant clew-lines&mdash;
+jib down-haul&mdash;rise tacks and sheets&mdash;peak
+and throat haulyards&mdash;let go&mdash;clew up&mdash;settle
+away the main-gaff there!"</p>
+
+<p>In almost as short a space as I have taken to
+write it, every inch of canvas was close furled&mdash;every
+light, except the one in the binnacle, and that
+was cautiously masked, carefully extinguished&mdash;a
+hundred and twenty men at quarters, and the ship
+under bare poles. The head-yards were then
+squared, and we bore up before the wind. The
+stratagem proved successful; the strange sail could
+be seen through the night-glasses cracking on close
+to the wind, evidently under the impression that we
+had tacked.</p>
+
+<p>"Dere she goes, chasing de Gobel," said the
+Dutchman.</p>
+
+<p>She now burned a blue-light, by which we saw
+she was a heavy cutter&mdash;without doubt our old fellow-cruiser
+the Spark. The Dutchman had come to
+the same conclusion.</p>
+
+<p>"My eye, captain, no use to dodge from her; it is
+only dat footy little King's cutter on de Jamaica
+station."</p>
+
+<p>"It is her, true enough," answered Williamson;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>
+"and she is from Santa Martha with a freight of
+specie, I know. I will try a brush with her, by&mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>Splinter struck in before he could finish his irreverent
+exclamation. "If your conjecture be true,
+I know the craft&mdash;a heavy vessel of her class, and
+you may depend on hard knocks, and small profit
+if you do take her; while if she takes you&mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"I'll be hanged if she does"&mdash;and he grinned at
+the conceit&mdash;then setting his teeth hard, "or rather,
+I will blow the schooner up with my own hand before
+I strike; better that than have one's bones bleached
+in chains on a key at Port Royal. But you see you
+cannot control us, gentlemen; so get down into the
+cable-tier, and take Peter Mangrove with you. I
+would not willingly see those come to harm who
+have trusted me."</p>
+
+<p>However, there was no shot flying as yet, we
+therefore stayed on deck. All sail was once more
+made; the carronades were cast loose on both sides,
+and double-shotted, the long-gun slewed round, the
+tack of the fore-and-aft foresail hauled up, and we
+kept by the wind, and stood after the cutter, whose
+white canvas we could still see through the gloom
+like a snow-wreath.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as she saw us, she tacked and stood towards
+us, and came bowling along gallantly, with
+the water roaring and flashing at her bows. As
+the vessels neared each other they both shortened
+sail, and finding that we could not weather her,
+we steered close under her lee.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>As we crossed on opposite tacks, her commander
+hailed, "Ho, the brigantine, ahoy!"</p>
+
+<p>"Hillo!" sung out Blackie, as he backed his main-top-sail.</p>
+
+<p>"What schooner is that?"</p>
+
+<p>"The Spanish schooner Caridad."</p>
+
+<p>"Whence, and whither bound?"</p>
+
+<p>"Carthagena to Porto Rico."</p>
+
+<p>"Heave-to, and send your boat on board."</p>
+
+<p>"We have none that will swim, sir."</p>
+
+<p>"Very well, bring-to, and I will send mine."</p>
+
+<p>"Call away the boarders," said our captain, in
+a low stern tone; "let them crouch out of sight behind
+the boat."</p>
+
+<p>The cutter wore, and hove-to under our lee quarter,
+within pistol-shot; we heard the rattle of the
+ropes running through the davit-blocks, and the
+splash of the jolly-boat touching the water, then
+the measured stroke of the oars, as they glanced
+like silver in the sparkling sea, and a voice calling
+out, "Give way, my lads."</p>
+
+<p>The character of the vessel we were on board of
+was now evident; and the bitter reflection that we
+were chained to the stake on board of a pirate, on
+the eve of a fierce contest with one of our own
+cruisers, was aggravated by the consideration, that
+the cutter had fallen into a snare by which a whole
+boat's crew would be sacrificed before a shot was
+fired.</p>
+
+<p>I watched my opportunity as she pulled up alongside,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>
+and called out, leaning well over the nettings,
+"Get back to your ship!&mdash;treachery! get back to
+your ship!"</p>
+
+<p>The little French serpent was at my side with the
+speed of thought, his long clear knife glancing in
+one hand, while the fingers of the other were laid
+on his lips. He could not have said more plainly,
+"Hold your tongue, or I'll cut your throat;" but
+Sneezer now startled him by rushing between us,
+and giving a short angry growl.</p>
+
+<p>The officer in the boat had heard me imperfectly;
+he rose up&mdash;"I won't go back, my good man, until
+I see what you are made of;" and as he spoke he
+sprang on board, but the instant he got over the
+bulwarks, he was caught by two strong hands,
+gagged, and thrown bodily down the main-hatchway.</p>
+
+<p>"Heave," cried a voice, "and with a will!" and
+four cold 32-pound shot were hove at once into the
+boat alongside, which, crashing through her bottom,
+swamped her in a moment, precipitating the miserable
+crew into the boiling sea. Their shrieks still
+ring in my ears as they clung to the oars and some
+loose planks of the boat.</p>
+
+<p>"Bring up the officer, and take out the gag,"
+said Williamson.</p>
+
+<p>Poor Walcolm, who had been an old messmate of
+mine, was now dragged to the gangway half-naked,
+his face bleeding, and heavily ironed, when the
+blackamoor, clapping a pistol to his head, bid him,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>
+as he feared instant death, hail "that the boat had
+swamped under the counter, and to send another."
+The poor fellow, who appeared stunned and confused,
+did so, but without seeming to know what he
+said.</p>
+
+<p>"Good God," said Mr. Splinter, "don't you mean
+to pick up the boat's crew?"</p>
+
+<p>The blood curdled to my heart, as the black savage
+answered in a voice of thunder, "Let them
+drown and be d&mdash;&mdash;d! Fill, and stand on!"</p>
+
+<p>But the clouds by this time broke away, and
+the mild moon shone clear and bright once more
+upon this scene of most atrocious villainy. By her
+light the cutter's people could see that there was
+no one struggling in the water now, and that the
+people must either have been saved, or were past
+all earthly aid; but the infamous deception was not
+entirely at an end.</p>
+
+<p>The captain of the cutter, seeing we were making
+sail, did the same, and after having shot ahead of
+us, hailed once more.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Walcolm, why don't you run to leeward,
+and heave-to, sir?"</p>
+
+<p>"Answer him instantly, and hail again for another
+boat," said the sable fiend, and cocked his pistol.</p>
+
+<p>The click went to my heart. The young midship-man
+turned his pale mild countenance, laced with
+his blood, upwards towards the moon and stars, as
+one who had looked his last look on earth; the large
+tears were flowing down his cheeks, and mingling<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>
+with the crimson streaks, and a flood of silver light
+fell on the fine features of the poor boy, as he said
+firmly, "Never." The miscreant fired, and he fell
+dead.</p>
+
+<p>"Up with the helm, and wear across her stern."
+The order was obeyed. "Fire!" The whole broadside
+was poured in, and we could hear the shot rattle
+and tear along the cutter's deck, and the shrieks and
+groans of the wounded, while the white splinters
+glanced away in all directions.</p>
+
+<p>We now ranged alongside, and close action commenced,
+and never do I expect to see such an infernal
+scene again. Up to this moment there had been
+neither confusion nor noise on board the pirate&mdash;all
+had been coolness and order; but when the yards
+locked the crew broke loose from all control&mdash;they
+ceased to be men&mdash;they were demons, for they
+threw their own dead and wounded, as they were
+mown down like grass by the cutter's grape, indiscriminately
+down the hatchways to get clear of them.
+They had stripped themselves almost naked; and
+although they fought with the most desperate courage,
+yelling and cursing, each in his own tongue, most
+hideously, yet their very numbers, pent up in a small
+vessel, were against them. At length, amidst the
+fire and smoke and hellish uproar, we could see that
+the deck had become a very shambles; and unless
+they soon carried the cutter by boarding, it was clear
+that the coolness and discipline of my own glorious
+service must prevail, even against such fearful odds;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>
+the superior size of the vessel, greater number of
+guns, and heavier metal. The pirates seemed aware
+of this themselves, for they now made a desperate
+attempt forward to carry their antagonist by boarding,
+led on by the black captain. Just at this moment
+the cutter's main-boom fell across the schooner's
+deck, close to where we were sheltering ourselves
+from the shot the best way we could; and
+while the rush forward was being made, by a sudden
+impulse Splinter and I, followed by Peter and the
+dog (who with wonderful sagacity, seeing the uselessness
+of resistance, had cowered quietly by my
+side during the whole row), scrambled along it as
+the cutter's people were repelling the attack on her
+bow, and all four of us, in our haste, jumped down
+on the poor Irishman at the wheel.</p>
+
+<p>"Murder, fire, rape, and robbery!&mdash;it is capsized,
+stove in, sunk, burned, and destroyed I am! Captain,
+captain, we are carried aft here&mdash;Och, hubbaboo
+for Patrick Donnally!"</p>
+
+<p>There was no time to be lost; if any of the crew
+came aft we were dead men, so we tumbled down
+through the cabin skylight, men and beast, the hatch
+having been knocked off by a shot, and stowed ourselves
+away in the side berths. The noise on deck
+soon ceased&mdash;the cannon were again plied&mdash;gradually
+the fire slackened, and we could hear that the
+pirate had scraped clear and escaped. Some time
+after this the lieutenant commanding the cutter came
+down. Poor Mr. Douglas! both Mr. Splinter and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>
+I knew him well. He sat down and covered his
+face with his hands, while the blood oozed down
+between his fingers. He had received a cutlass
+wound on the head in the attack. His right arm
+was bound up with his neckcloth, and he was very
+pale.</p>
+
+<p>"Steward, bring me a light.&mdash;Ask the doctor how
+many are killed and wounded; and&mdash;do you hear?&mdash;tell
+him to come to me when he is done forward,
+but not a moment sooner. To have been so mauled
+and duped by a buccaneer; and my poor boat's
+crew&mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>Splinter groaned. He started&mdash;but at this moment
+the man returned again.</p>
+
+<p>"Thirteen killed, your honor, and fifteen
+wounded; scarcely one of us untouched." The poor
+fellow's own skull was bound round with a bloody
+cloth.</p>
+
+<p>"God help me! Gold help me! but they have
+died the death of men. Who knows what death the
+poor fellows in the boat have died!"&mdash;Here he was
+cut short by a tremendous scuffle on the ladder,
+down which an old quartermaster was trundled neck
+and crop into the cabin. "How now, Jones?"</p>
+
+<p>"Please your honor," said the man, as soon as he
+had gathered himself up, and had time to turn his
+quid and smooth down his hair; but again the uproar
+was renewed, and Donnally was lugged in,
+scrambling and struggling between two seamen&mdash;"this
+here Irish chap, your honor, has lost his wits,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>
+if so be he ever had any, your honor. He has gone
+mad through fright."</p>
+
+<p>"Fright be d&mdash;&mdash;d!" roared Donnally; "no man
+ever frightened me; but as his honor was skewering
+them bloody thieves forward, I was boarded and
+carried aft by the devil, your honor&mdash;pooped by
+Beelzebub, by &mdash;&mdash;," and he rapped his fist on the
+table until everything on it danced again. "There
+were four of them, yeer honor&mdash;a black one and
+two blue ones&mdash;and a pie-bald one, with four legs
+and a bushy tail&mdash;each with two horns on his head,
+for all the world like those on Father M'Cleary's
+red cow&mdash;no, she was humbled&mdash;it is Father Clannachan's,
+I mane&mdash;no, not his neither, for his was
+the parish bull; fait, I don't know what I mane, except
+that they had all horns on their heads, and
+vomited fire, and had each of them a tail at his
+stern, twisting and twining like a conger eel, with a
+blue light at the end on't."</p>
+
+<p>"And dat's a lie, if ever dere was one," exclaimed
+Peter Mangrove, jumping from the berth. "Look
+at me, you Irish tief, and tell me if I have a blue
+light or a conger eel at my stern!"</p>
+
+<p>This was too much for poor Donnally. He
+yelled out, "You'll believe your own eyes now, yeer
+honor, when you see one o' dem bodily before you!
+Let me go&mdash;let me go!" and, rushing up the ladder,
+he would, in all probability, have ended his earthly
+career in the salt sea, had his bullet-head not encountered
+the broadest part of the purser, who was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>
+in the act of descending, with such violence, that he
+shot him out of the companion several feet above
+the deck, as if he had been discharged from a culverin;
+but the recoil sent poor Donnally, stunned
+and senseless, to the bottom of the ladder. There
+was no standing all this; we laughed outright, and
+made ourselves known to Mr. Douglas, who received
+us cordially, and in a week we were landed at Port
+Royal.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> From <i>Tom Cringle's Log</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>THE CAPTURE OF PANAMA, 1671<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">John Esquemeling</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Captain Morgan</span> set forth from the castle
+of Chagre, towards Panama, August 18,
+1670. He had with him twelve hundred men,
+five boats laden with artillery, and thirty-two canoes.
+The first day they sailed only six leagues, and came
+to a place called De los Bracos. Here a party of
+his men went ashore, only to sleep and stretch their
+limbs, being almost crippled with lying too much
+crowded in the boats. Having rested awhile, they
+went abroad to seek victuals in the neighboring
+plantations; but they could find none, the Spaniards
+being fled, and carrying with them all they had. This
+day, being the first of their journey, they had such
+scarcity of victuals, as the greatest part were forced
+to pass with only a pipe of tobacco, without any
+other refreshment.</p>
+
+<p>Next day, about evening, they came to a place
+called Cruz de Juan Gallego. Here they were compelled
+to leave their boats and canoes, the river
+being very dry for want of rain, and many trees
+having fallen into it.</p>
+
+<p>The guides told them, that, about two leagues<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>
+farther, the country would be very good to continue
+the journey by land. Hereupon they left one hundred
+and sixty men on board the boats, to defend
+them, that they might serve for a refuge in necessity.</p>
+
+<p>Next morning, being the third day, they all went
+ashore, except those who were to keep the boats.
+To these Captain Morgan gave order, under great
+penalties, that no man, on any pretext whatever,
+should dare to leave the boats, and go ashore; fearing
+lest they should be surprised by an ambuscade
+of Spaniards in the neighboring woods, which appeared
+so thick as to seem almost impenetrable.
+This morning beginning their march, the ways
+proved so bad, that Captain Morgan thought it
+more convenient to transport some of the men in
+canoes (though with great labor) to a place farther
+up the river, called Cedro Bueno. Thus they re&euml;mbarked,
+and the canoes returned for the rest; so
+that about night they got altogether at the said
+place. The pirates much desired to meet some
+Spaniards or Indians, hoping to fill their bellies with
+their provisions, being reduced to extremity and
+hunger.</p>
+
+<p>The fourth day the greatest part of the pirates
+marched by land, being led by one of the guides;
+the rest went by water farther up, being conducted
+by another guide, who always went before them,
+to discover, on both sides of the river, the ambuscades.
+These had also spies, who were very dextrous
+to give notice of all accidents, or of the arrival<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>
+of the pirates, six hours, at least, before they came.
+This day, about noon, they came near a post called
+Torna Cavallos: here the guide of the canoes cried
+out, that he perceived an ambuscade. His voice
+caused infinite joy to all the pirates, hoping to find
+some provisions to satiate their extreme hunger.
+Being come to the place, they found nobody in it,
+the Spaniards being fled, and leaving nothing behind
+but a few leathern bags, all empty, and a few
+crumbs of bread scattered on the ground where they
+had eaten. Being angry at this, they pulled down a
+few little huts which the Spaniards had made, and
+fell to eating the leathern bags, to allay the ferment
+of their stomachs, which was now so sharp as to
+gnaw their very bowels. Thus they made a huge
+banquet upon these bags of leather, divers quarrels
+arising concerning the greatest shares. By the bigness
+of the place, they conjectured about five hundred
+Spaniards had been there, whom, finding no
+victuals, they were now infinitely desirous to meet,
+intending to devour some of them rather than
+perish.</p>
+
+<p>Having feasted themselves with those pieces of
+leather, they marched on, till they came about night
+to another post, called Torna Munni. Here they
+found another ambuscade, but as barren as the former.
+They searched the neighboring woods, but
+could not find anything to eat, the Spaniards having
+been so provident, as not to leave anywhere the
+least crumb of sustenance, whereby the pirates were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>
+now brought to this extremity. Here again he was
+happy that he had reserved since noon any bit of
+leather to make his supper of, drinking after it a
+good draught of water for his comfort. Some, who
+never were out of their mothers' kitchens, may ask,
+how these pirates could eat and digest those pieces
+of leather, so hard and dry? Whom I answer, that,
+could they once experiment what hunger, or rather
+famine, is, they would find the way as the pirates
+did. For these first sliced it in pieces, then they beat
+it between two stones, and rubbed it, often dipping
+it in water, to make it supple and tender. Lastly,
+they scraped off the hair, and broiled it. Being thus
+cooked, they cut it into small morsels, and ate it,
+helping it down with frequent gulps of water, which,
+by good fortune, they had at hand.</p>
+
+<p>The fifth day, about noon, they came to a place
+called Barbacoa. Here they found traces of another
+ambuscade, but the place totally as unprovided
+as the former. At a small distance were several
+plantations, which they searched very narrowly,
+but could not find any person, animal, or other thing,
+to relieve their extreme hunger. Finally, having
+ranged about, and searched a long time, they found
+a grot, which seemed to be but lately hewn out of
+a rock, where were two sacks of meal, wheat, and
+like things, with two great jars of wine, and certain
+fruits called platanoes. Captain Morgan, knowing
+some of his men were now almost dead with hunger,
+and fearing the same of the rest, caused what<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>
+was found to be distributed among them who were
+in greatest necessity. Having refreshed themselves
+with these victuals, they marched anew with greater
+courage then ever. Such as were weak were put
+into the canoes, and those commanded to land that
+were in them before. Thus they prosecuted their
+journey till late at night; when coming to a plantation,
+they took up their rest, but without eating
+anything; for the Spaniards, as before, had swept
+away all manner of provisions.</p>
+
+<p>The sixth day they continued their march, part
+by land and part by water. Howbeit, they were
+constrained to rest very frequently, both for the
+ruggedness of the way, and their extreme weakness,
+which they endeavored to relieve by eating leaves of
+trees and green herbs, or grass; such was their miserable
+condition. This day at noon they arrived at
+a plantation, where was a barn full of maize. Immediately
+they beat down the doors and ate it dry,
+as much as they could devour; then they distributed
+a great quantity, giving every man a good allowance.
+Thus provided, and prosecuting their journey
+for about an hour, they came to another ambuscade.
+This they no sooner discovered, but
+they threw away their maize, with the sudden
+hopes of finding all things in abundance.
+But they were much deceived, meeting neither
+Indians nor victuals, nor anything else: but
+they saw, on the other side of the river, about a hundred
+Indians, who, all fleeing, escaped. Some few<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>
+pirates leaped into the river to cross it, and try to
+take any of the Indians, but in vain: for, being much
+more nimble than the pirates, they not only baffled
+them, but killed two or three with their arrows;
+hooting at them, and crying, "Ha, perros! a la
+savana, a la savana."&mdash;"Ha, ye dogs! go to the
+plain, go to the plain."</p>
+
+<p>This day they could advance no farther, being
+necessitated to pass the river, to continue their march
+on the other side. Hereupon they reposed for that
+night, though their sleep was not profound; for
+great murmurings were made at Captain Morgan,
+and his conduct; some being desirous to return home,
+while others would rather die there than go back a
+step from their undertaking: others, who had
+greater courage, laughed and joked at their discourses.
+Meanwhile, they had a guide who much
+comforted them, saying, "It would not now be long
+before they met with people from whom they should
+reap some considerable advantage."</p>
+
+<p>The seventh day, in the morning, they made clean
+their arms, and every one discharged his pistol, or
+musket, without bullet, to try their firelocks. This
+done, they crossed the river, leaving the post where
+they had rested, called Santa Cruz, and at noon
+they arrived at a village called Cruz. Being yet
+far from the place, they perceived much smoke from
+the chimneys: the sight hereof gave them great
+joy, and hopes of finding people and plenty of good
+cheer. Thus they went on as fast as they could, encouraging<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>
+one another, saying, "There is smoke
+comes out of every house: they are making good
+fires, to roast and boil what we are to eat;" and
+the like.</p>
+
+<p>At length they arrived there, all sweating and
+panting, but found no person in the town, nor anything
+eatable to refresh themselves, except good
+fires, which they wanted not; for the Spaniards, before
+their departure, had every one set fire to his
+own house, except the king's storehouses and stables.</p>
+
+<p>They had not left behind them any beast, alive or
+dead, which much troubled their pursuers, not finding
+anything but a few cats and dogs, which they immediately
+killed and devoured. At last, in the
+king's stables, they found, by good fortune, fifteen
+or sixteen jars of Peru wine, and a leathern sack full
+of bread. No sooner had they drank of this wine,
+when they fell sick, almost every man: this made
+them think the wine was poisoned, which caused a
+new consternation in the whole camp, judging themselves
+now to be irrecoverably lost. But the true
+reason was, their want of sustenance, and the manifold
+sorts of trash they had eaten. Their sickness
+was so great, as caused them to remain there till
+the next morning, without being able to prosecute
+their journey in the afternoon. This village is
+seated in 9 deg. 2 min. north latitude, distant from
+the river Chagre twenty-six Spanish leagues, and
+eight from Panama. This is the last place to which
+boats or canoes can come; for which reason they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>
+built here storehouses for all sorts of merchandise,
+which to and from Panama are transported on the
+backs of mules.</p>
+
+<p>Here Captain Morgan was forced to leave his
+canoes, and land all his men, though never so weak;
+but lest the canoes should be surprised, or take up
+too many men for their defense, he sent them all
+back to the place where the boats were, except one,
+which he hid, that it might serve to carry intelligence.
+Many of the Spaniards and Indians of this
+village having fled to the near plantations, Captain
+Morgan ordered that none should go out of the village,
+except companies of one hundred together,
+fearing lest the enemy should take an advantage
+upon his men. Notwithstanding, one party contravened
+these orders, being tempted with the desire of
+victuals: but they were soon glad to fly into the
+town again, being assaulted with great fury by some
+Spaniards and Indians, who carried one of them
+away prisoner. Thus the vigilancy and care of
+Captain Morgan was not sufficient to prevent every
+accident.</p>
+
+<p>The eighth day in the morning Captain Morgan
+sent two hundred men before the body of his army,
+to discover the way to Panama, and any ambuscades
+therein: the path being so narrow, that only
+ten or twelve persons could march abreast, and
+often not so many. After ten hours' march they
+came to a place called Quebrada Obscura: here,
+all on a sudden, three or four thousand arrows were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span>
+shot at them, they not perceiving whence they came,
+or who shot them: though they presumed it was
+from a high rocky mountain, from one side to the
+other, whereon was a grot, capable of but one horse
+or other beast laded. This multitude of arrows
+much alarmed the pirates, especially because they
+could not discover whence they were discharged. At
+last, seeing no more arrows, they marched a little
+farther, and entered a wood: here they perceived
+some Indians to fly as fast as they could, to take the
+advantage of another post, thence to observe their
+march; yet there remained one troop of Indians on
+the place, resolved to fight and defend themselves,
+which they did with great courage till their captain
+fell down wounded; who, though he despaired of
+life, yet his valor being greater than his strength,
+would ask no quarter, but, endeavoring to raise himself,
+with undaunted mind laid hold of his azagayo,
+or javelin, and struck at one of the pirates; but
+before he could second the blow, he was shot to
+death. This was also the fate of many of his companions,
+who, like good soldiers, lost their lives with
+their captain, for the defense of their country.</p>
+
+<p>The pirates endeavored to take some of the Indians
+prisoners, but they being swifter than the pirates,
+every one escaped, leaving eight pirates dead,
+and ten wounded: yea, had the Indians been more
+dextrous in military affairs, they might have defended
+the passage, and not let one man pass. A
+little while after they came to a large champaign,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>
+open, and full of fine meadows; hence they could
+perceive at a distance before them some Indians, on
+the top of a mountain, near the way by which they
+were to pass: they sent fifty men, the nimblest they
+had, to try to catch any of them, and force them to
+discover their companions: but all in vain; for they
+escaped by their nimbleness, and presently showed
+themselves in another place, hallooing to the English
+and crying, "A la savana, a la savana, perros
+Ingleses!" that is, "To the plain, to the plain, ye
+English dogs!" Meanwhile the ten pirates that
+were wounded were dressed, and plastered up.</p>
+
+<p>Here was a wood, and on each side a mountain.
+The Indians possessed themselves of one, and the
+pirates of the other. Captain Morgan was persuaded
+the Spaniards had placed an ambuscade
+there, it lying so conveniently; hereupon, he sent
+two hundred men to search it. The Spaniards and
+Indians perceiving the pirates descended the mountain,
+did so too, as if they designed to attack them;
+but being got into the wood, out of sight of the
+pirates, they were seen no more, leaving the passage
+open.</p>
+
+<p>About night fell a great rain, which caused the
+pirates to march the faster, and seek for houses
+to preserve their arms from being wet; but the Indians
+had set fire to every one, and driven away
+all their cattle, that the pirates, finding neither
+houses nor victuals, might be constrained to return:
+but, after diligent search, they found a few shepherds'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span>
+huts, but in them nothing to eat. These not
+holding many men, they placed in them, out of every
+company, a small number, who kept the arms of
+the rest: those who remained in the open field endured
+much hardship that night, the rain not ceasing
+till morning.</p>
+
+<p>Next morning, about the break of day, being the
+ninth of that tedious journey, Captain Morgan
+marched on while the fresh air of the morning
+lasted; for the clouds hanging yet over their heads,
+were much more favorable than the scorching rays
+of the sun, the way being now more difficult than
+before. After two hours' march, they discovered
+about twenty Spaniards, who observed their motions:
+they endeavored to catch some of them, but
+could not, they suddenly disappearing, and absconding
+themselves in caves among the rocks unknown
+to the pirates. At last, ascending a high mountain,
+they discovered the South Sea. This happy sight,
+as if it were the end of their labors, caused infinite
+joy among them: hence they could descry also one
+ship, and six boats, which were set forth from
+Panama, and sailed towards the islands of Tavoga
+and Tavogilla: then they came to a vale where they
+found much cattle, whereof they killed good store:
+here, while some killed and flayed cows, horses,
+bulls, and chiefly asses, of which there were most;
+others kindled fires, and got wood to roast them:
+then cutting the flesh into convenient pieces, or gobbets,
+they threw them into the fire, and, half carbonadoed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>
+or roasted, they devoured them, with incredible
+haste and appetite. Such was their hunger,
+that they more resembled cannibals than Europeans;
+the blood many times running down from their
+beards to their waists.</p>
+
+<p>Having satisfied their hunger, Captain Morgan
+ordered them to continue the march. Here, again,
+he sent before the main body fifty men to take some
+prisoners, if they could; for he was much concerned,
+that in nine days he could not meet one person to inform
+him of the condition and forces of the Spaniards.
+About evening they discovered about two
+hundred Spaniards, who hallooed to the pirates, but
+they understood not what they said. A little while
+after they came in sight of the highest steeple of
+Panama: this they no sooner discovered but they
+showed signs of extreme joy, casting up their hats
+into the air, leaping and shouting, just as if they
+had already obtained the victory, and accomplished
+their designs. All their trumpets sounded, and
+drums beat, in token of this alacrity of their
+minds. Thus they pitched their camp for that night,
+with general content of the whole army, waiting
+with impatience for the morning, when they intended
+to attack the city. This evening appeared fifty
+horses, who came out of the city, on the noise of
+the drums and trumpets, to observe, as it was
+thought, their motions: they came almost within
+musket-shot of the army, with a trumpet that
+sounded marvelously well. Those on horseback<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span>
+hallooed aloud to the pirates, and threatened them,
+saying, "Perros! nos veremos," that is, "Ye dogs!
+we shall meet ye." Having made this menace, they
+returned to the city, except only seven or eight
+horsemen, who hovered thereabouts to watch their
+motions. Immediately after the city fired, and
+ceased not to play their biggest guns all night long
+against the camp, but with little or no harm to the
+pirates, whom they could not easily reach. Now
+also the two hundred Spaniards, whom the pirates
+had seen in the afternoon, appeared again, making
+a show of blocking up the passages, that no pirates
+might escape their hands: but the pirates, though in
+a manner besieged, instead of fearing their blockades,
+as soon as they had placed sentinels about their
+camp, opened their satchels, and, without any napkins
+or plates, fell to eating, very heartily, the
+pieces of bulls' and horses' flesh which they had reserved
+since noon. This done, they laid themselves
+down to sleep on the grass, with great repose and
+satisfaction, expecting only, with impatience, the
+dawning of the next day.</p>
+
+<p>The tenth day, betimes in the morning, they put
+all their men in order, and, with drums and trumpets
+sounding, marched directly towards the city;
+but one of the guides desired Captain Morgan not
+to take the common highway, lest they should find
+in it many ambuscades. He took his advice, and
+chose another way through the wood, though very
+irksome and difficult. The Spaniards perceiving the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span>
+pirates had taken another way they scarce had
+thought on, were compelled to leave their stops and
+batteries, and come out to meet them. The governor
+of Panama put his forces in order, consisting
+of two squadrons, four regiments of foot, and a
+huge number of wild bulls, which were driven by a
+great number of Indians, with some negroes, and
+others, to help them.</p>
+
+<p>The pirates, now upon their march, came to the
+top of a little hill, whence they had a large prospect
+of the city and champaign country underneath.
+Here they discovered the forces of the people of
+Panama, in battle array, to be so numerous, that
+they were surprised with fear, much doubting the
+fortune of the day: yea, few or none there were but
+wished themselves at home, or at least free from
+obligation of that engagement, it so nearly concerning
+their lives. Having been some time wavering
+in their minds, they at last reflected on the
+straits they had brought themselves into, and that
+now they must either fight resolutely, or die; for
+no quarter could be expected from an enemy on
+whom they had committed so many cruelties. Hereupon
+they encouraged one another, resolving to conquer,
+or spend the last drop of blood. Then they
+divided themselves into three battalions, sending
+before two hundred buccaneers, who were very dextrous
+at their guns. Then descending the hill, they
+marched directly towards the Spaniards, who in a
+spacious field waited for their coming. As soon as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span>
+they drew nigh, the Spaniards began to shout and
+cry, "Viva el rey!" "God save the king!" and immediately
+their horse moved against the pirates:
+but the fields being full of quags, and soft under-foot,
+they could not wheel about as they desired.
+The two hundred buccaneers, who went before, each
+putting one knee to the ground, began to battle
+briskly, with a full volley of shot: the Spaniards
+defended themselves courageously, doing all they
+could to disorder the pirates. Their foot endeavored
+to second the horse, but were forced by the fire
+of the pirates to retreat. Finding themselves baffled,
+they attempted to drive the bulls against them
+behind, to put them into disorder; but the wild cattle
+ran away, frighted with the noise of the battle.
+Only some few broke through the English companies,
+and only tore the colors in pieces, while the
+buccaneers shot every one of them dead.</p>
+
+<p>The battle having continued two hours, the greatest
+part of the Spanish horse was ruined, and almost
+all killed: the rest fled, which the foot seeing, and
+that they could not possibly prevail, they discharged
+the shot they had in their muskets, and throwing
+them down, fled away, every one as he could. The
+pirates could not follow them, being too much
+harassed and wearied with their long journey.
+Many, not being able to fly whither they desired,
+hid themselves, for that present, among the shrubs
+of the sea-side, but very unfortunately; for most of
+them being found by the pirates, were instantly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>
+killed, without any quarter. Some religious men
+were brought prisoners before Captain Morgan; but
+he, being deaf to their cries, commanded them all
+to be pistoled, which was done. Soon after they
+brought a captain to him, whom he examined very
+strictly; particularly, wherein consisted the forces of
+those of Panama? He answered, their whole
+strength consisted in four hundred horse, twenty-four
+companies of foot, each one hundred men
+complete; sixty Indians, and some negroes, who were
+to drive two thousand wild bulls upon the English,
+and thus, by breaking their files, put them into a total
+disorder: beside, that in the city they had made
+trenches, and raised batteries in several places, in
+all which they had placed many guns; and that at
+the entry of the highway, leading to the city, they
+had built a fort mounted with eight great brass
+guns, defended by fifty men.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Morgan having heard this, gave orders
+instantly to march another way; but first he made a
+review of his men, whereof he found both killed and
+wounded a considerable number, and much greater
+than had been believed. Of the Spaniards were
+found six hundred dead on the place, besides the
+wounded and prisoners. The pirates, nothing discouraged,
+seeing their number so diminished, but
+rather filled with greater pride, perceiving what
+huge advantage they had obtained against their enemies,
+having rested some time, prepared to march
+courageously towards the city, plighting their oaths<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>
+to one another, that they would fight till not a man
+was left alive. With this courage they recommenced
+their march, either to conquer or be conquered;
+carrying with them all the prisoners.</p>
+
+<p>They found much difficulty in their approach to
+the city, for within the town the Spaniards had
+placed many great guns, at several quarters, some
+charged with small pieces of iron, and others with
+musket bullets. With all these they saluted the pirates
+at their approaching, and gave them full and
+frequent broadsides, firing at them incessantly; so
+that unavoidably they lost at every step great numbers
+of men. But not these manifest dangers of
+their lives, nor the sight of so many as dropped continually
+at their sides, could deter them from advancing,
+and gaining ground every moment on the
+enemy; and though the Spaniards never ceased to
+fire, and act the best they could for their defense,
+yet they were forced to yield, after three hours'
+combat. And the pirates having possessed themselves
+at last of the city, killed all that attempted in
+the least to oppose them. The inhabitants had
+transported the best of their goods to more remote
+and secret places; howbeit, they found in the city
+several warehouses well stocked with merchandise,
+as well silks and cloths, as linen and other things
+of value. As soon as the first fury of their entrance
+was over, Captain Morgan assembled his
+men, and commanded them, under great penalties,
+not to drink or taste any wine; and the reason he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span>
+gave for it was, because he had intelligence that it
+was all poisoned by the Spaniards. Howbeit, it
+was thought he gave these prudent orders to prevent
+the debauchery of his people, which he foresaw
+would be very great at the first, after so much hunger
+sustained by the way; fearing, withal, lest the
+Spaniards, seeing them in wine, should rally, and,
+falling on the city, use them as inhumanly as they
+had used the inhabitants before.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Morgan, as soon as he had placed necessary
+guards at several quarters within and without
+the city, commanded twenty-five men to seize a great
+boat, which had stuck in the mud of the port, for
+want of water, at a low tide. The same day about
+noon, he caused fire privately to be set to several
+great edifices of the city, nobody knowing who were
+the authors thereof, much less on what motives
+Captain Morgan did it, which are unknown to this
+day: the fire increased so, that before night the
+greatest part of the city was in a flame. Captain
+Morgan pretended the Spaniards had done it, perceiving
+that his own people reflected on him for that
+action. Many of the Spaniards, and some of the
+pirates, did what they could, either to quench the
+flames or by blowing up houses with gunpowder,
+and pulling down others to stop it, but in vain: for
+in less than half an hour it consumed a whole street.
+All the houses of the city were built with cedar,
+very curious and magnificent, and richly adorned,
+especially with hangings and paintings, whereof part<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span>
+were before removed, but another great part were
+consumed by fire.</p>
+
+<p>There were in this city (which is the see of a
+bishop) eight monasteries, seven for men, and one
+for women; two stately churches, and one hospital.
+The churches and monasteries were all richly
+adorned with altar-pieces and paintings, much gold
+and silver, and other precious things, all which the
+ecclesiastics had hidden. Besides which, here were
+two thousand houses of magnificent building, the
+greatest part inhabited by merchants vastly rich.
+For the rest of less quality, and tradesmen, this
+city contained five thousand more. Here were also
+many stables for the horses and mules that carry
+the plate of the king of Spain, as well as private
+men, towards the North Sea. The neighboring
+fields were full of fertile plantations and pleasant
+gardens, affording delicious prospects to the inhabitants
+all the year.</p>
+
+<p>The Genoese had in this city a stately house for
+their trade of negroes. This likewise was by Captain
+Morgan burnt to the very ground. Besides
+which building, there were consumed two hundred
+warehouses, and many slaves, who had hid themselves
+therein, with innumerable sacks of meal; the
+fire of which continued four weeks after it had begun.
+The greatest part of the pirates still encamped
+without the city, fearing and expecting the
+Spaniards would come and fight them anew, it being
+known they much outnumbered the pirates. This<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>
+made them keep the field, to preserve their forces
+united, now much diminished by their losses. Their
+wounded, which were many, they put into one church,
+which remained standing, the rest being consumed
+by the fire. Besides these decreases of his men,
+Captain Morgan had sent a convoy of one hundred
+and fifty men to the castle of Chagre, to carry the
+news of his victory at Panama.</p>
+
+<p>They saw often whole troops of Spaniards run
+to and fro in the fields, which made them suspect
+their rallying, which they never had the courage to
+do. In the afternoon Captain Morgan re&euml;ntered
+the city with his troops, that every one might take
+up their lodgings, which now they could hardly find,
+few houses having escaped the fire. Then they
+sought very carefully among the ruins and ashes,
+for utensils of plate or gold, that were not quite
+wasted by the flames: and of such they found no
+small number, especially in wells and cisterns, where
+the Spaniards had hid them.</p>
+
+<p>Next day Captain Morgan dispatched away two
+troops, of one hundred and fifty men each, stout
+and well armed, to seek for the inhabitants who
+were escaped. These having made several excursions
+up and down the fields, woods, and mountains
+adjacent, returned after two days, bringing above
+two hundred prisoners, men, women, and slaves.
+The same day returned also the boat which Captain
+Morgan had sent to the South Sea, bringing
+three other boats which they had taken. But all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>
+these prizes they could willingly have given, and
+greater labor into the bargain, for one galleon,
+which miraculously escaped, richly laden with all
+the king's plate, jewels, and other precious goods
+of the best and richest merchants of Panama: on
+board which were also the religious women of the
+nunnery, who had embarked with them all the ornaments
+of their church, consisting in much gold, plate,
+and other things of great value.</p>
+
+<p>The strength of this galleon was inconsiderable,
+having only seven guns, and ten or twelve muskets,
+and very ill provided with victuals, necessaries, and
+fresh water, having no more sails than the uppermost
+of the mainmast. This account the pirates
+received from some one who had spoken with seven
+mariners belonging to the galleon, who came ashore
+in the cockboat for fresh water. Hence they concluded
+they might easily have taken it, had they
+given her chase, as they should have done; but they
+were impeded from following this vastly rich prize,
+by their gluttony and drunkenness, having plentifully
+debauched themselves with several rich wines they
+found ready, choosing rather to satiate their appetites
+than to lay hold on such huge advantage; since
+this one prize would have been of far greater value
+than all they got at Panama, and the places thereabout.
+Next day, repenting of their negligence, being
+weary of their vices and debaucheries, they set
+forth another boat, well armed, to pursue with all
+speed the said galleon; but in vain, the Spaniards<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>
+who were on board having had intelligence of their
+own danger one or two days before, while the pirates
+were cruising so near them; whereupon they fled to
+places more remote and unknown.</p>
+
+<p>The pirates found, in the ports of the island of
+Tavoga and Tavogilla, several boats laden with
+very good merchandise; all which they took, and
+brought to Panama, where they made an exact relation
+of all that had passed to Captain Morgan.
+The prisoners confirmed what the pirates said, adding,
+that they undoubtedly knew where the galleon
+might then be, but that it was very probable they
+had been relieved before now from other places.
+This stirred up Captain Morgan anew, to send forth
+all the boats in the port of Panama to seek the said
+galleon till they could find her. These boats, being
+in all four, after eight days' cruising to and fro, and
+searching several ports and creeks, lost all hopes of
+finding her, whereupon they returned to Tavoga and
+Tavogilla. Here they found a reasonable good ship
+newly come from Payta, laden with cloth, soap,
+sugar, and biscuit, with 20,000 pieces-of-eight. This
+they instantly seized, without the least resistance;
+as also a boat which was not far off, on which they
+laded great part of the merchandises from the ship,
+with some slaves. With this spoil they returned
+to Panama, somewhat better satisfied; yet, withal,
+much discontented that they could not meet with the
+galleon.</p>
+
+<p>The convoy which Captain Morgan had sent to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>
+the castle of Chagre returned much about the same
+time, bringing with them very good news; for while
+Captain Morgan was on his journey to Panama,
+those he had left in the castle of Chagre had sent for
+two boats to cruise. These met with a Spanish
+ship, which they chased within sight of the castle.
+This being perceived by the pirates in the castle,
+they put forth Spanish colors, to deceive the ship
+that fled before the boats; and the poor Spaniards,
+thinking to take refuge under the castle, were caught
+in a snare, and made prisoners. The cargo on board
+the said vessel consisted in victuals and provisions,
+than which nothing could be more opportune for the
+castle, where they began already to want things of
+this kind.</p>
+
+<p>This good luck of those of Chagre caused Captain
+Morgan to stay longer at Panama, ordering
+several new excursions into the country round about;
+and while the pirates at Panama were upon these
+expeditions, those at Chagre were busy in piracies
+on the North Sea. Captain Morgan sent forth,
+daily, parties of two hundred men, to make inroads
+into all the country round about; and when one
+party came back, another went forth, who soon
+gathered much riches, and many prisoners. These
+being brought into the city, were put to the most
+exquisite tortures, to make them confess both other
+people's goods and their own. Here it happened
+that one poor wretch was found in the house of a
+person of quality, who had put on, amidst the confusion,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span>
+a pair of taffety breeches of his master's,
+with a little silver key hanging out; perceiving which,
+they asked him for the cabinet of the said key. His
+answer was, he knew not what was become of it,
+but that finding those breeches in his master's house,
+he had made bold to wear them. Not being able
+to get any other answer, they put him on the rack,
+and inhumanly disjointed his arms; then they twisted
+a cord about his forehead, which they wrung so hard
+that his eyes appeared as big as eggs, and were ready
+to fall out. But with these torments not obtaining
+any positive answer, they hung him up by the wrists,
+giving him many blows and stripes under that intolerable
+pain and posture of body. Afterwards
+they cut off his nose and ears, and singed his face
+with burning straw, till he could not speak, nor
+lament his misery any longer: then, losing all hopes
+of any confession, they bade a negro to run him
+through, which put an end to his life, and to their
+inhuman tortures. Thus did many others of those
+miserable prisoners finish their days, the common
+sport and recreation of these pirates being such
+tragedies.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Morgan having now been at Panama full
+three weeks, commanded all things to be prepared
+for his departure. He ordered every company of
+men to seek so many beasts of carriage as might
+convey the spoil to the river where his canoes lay.
+About this time there was a great rumor, that a
+considerable number of pirates intended to leave<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span>
+Captain Morgan; and that, taking a ship then in
+port, they determined to go and rob on the South
+Sea, till they had got as much as they thought fit,
+and then return homewards, by way of the East
+Indies. For which purpose they had gathered much
+provisions, which they had hid in private places,
+with sufficient powder, bullets, and all other ammunition:
+likewise some great guns belonging to the town,
+muskets, and other things, wherewith they designed
+not only to equip their vessel, but to fortify themselves
+in some island which might serve them for a
+place of refuge.</p>
+
+<p>This design had certainly taken effect, had not
+Captain Morgan had timely advice of it from one
+of their comrades; hereupon he commanded the
+mainmast of the said ship to be cut down and burnt,
+with all the other boats in the port: hereby the intentions
+of all or most of his companions were
+totally frustrated. Then Captain Morgan sent
+many of the Spaniards into the adjoining fields and
+country to seek for money, to ransom not only themselves,
+but the rest of the prisoners, as likewise the
+ecclesiastics. Moreover, he commanded all the artillery
+of the town to be nailed and stopped up. At
+the same time he sent out a strong company of men
+to seek for the governor of Panama, of whom intelligence
+was brought, that he had laid several ambuscades
+in the way by which he ought to return: but
+they returned soon after, saying they had not found
+any sign of any such ambuscades. For confirmation<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span>
+whereof, they brought some prisoners, who declared
+that the said governor had had an intention
+of making some opposition by the way, but that the
+men designed to effect it were unwilling to undertake
+it: so that for want of means he could not put his
+design in execution.</p>
+
+<p>February 24, 1671, Captain Morgan departed
+from Panama, or rather from the place where the
+city of Panama stood; of the spoils whereof he carried
+with him one hundred and seventy-five beasts
+of carriage, laden with silver, gold, and other precious
+things, beside about six hundred prisoners, men,
+women, children and slaves. That day they came
+to a river that passes through a delicious plain, a
+league from Panama: here Captain Morgan put all
+his forces into good order, so as that the prisoners
+were in the middle, surrounded on all sides with
+pirates, where nothing else was to be heard but lamentations,
+cries, shrieks, and doleful sighs of so
+many women and children, who feared Captain Morgan
+designed to transport them all into his own
+country for slaves. Besides, all those miserable prisoners
+endured extreme hunger and thirst at that time,
+which misery Captain Morgan designedly caused
+them to sustain, to excite them to seek for money to
+ransom themselves, according to the tax he had set
+upon every one. Many of the women begged Captain
+Morgan, on their knees, with infinite sighs and
+tears, to let them return to Panama, there to live
+with their dear husbands and children in little huts<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span>
+of straw, which they would erect, seeing they had
+no houses till the rebuilding of the city. But his
+answer was, "He came not thither to hear lamentations
+and cries, but to seek money: therefore they
+ought first to seek out that, wherever it was to be
+had, and bring it to him; otherwise he would assuredly
+transport them all to such places whither
+they cared not to go."</p>
+
+<p>Next day, when the march began, those lamentable
+cries and shrieks were renewed, so as it would
+have caused compassion in the hardest heart: but
+Captain Morgan, as a man little given to mercy,
+was not moved in the least. They marched in the
+same order as before, one party of the pirates in
+the van, the prisoners in the middle, and the rest of
+the pirates in the rear; by whom the miserable Spaniards
+were at every step punched and thrust in their
+backs and sides, with the blunt ends of their arms,
+to make them march faster.</p>
+
+<p>A beautiful lady, wife to one of the richest merchants
+of Tavoga, was led prisoner by herself, between
+two pirates. Her lamentations pierced the
+skies, seeing herself carried away into captivity often
+crying to the pirates, and telling them, "That she
+had given orders to two religious persons, in whom
+she had relied, to go to a certain place, and fetch
+so much money as her ransom did amount to; that
+they had promised faithfully to do it, but having
+obtained the money, instead of bringing it to her,
+they had employed it another way, to ransom some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>
+of their own, and particular friends." This ill action
+of theirs was discovered by a slave, who brought
+a letter to the said lady. Her complaints, and the
+cause thereof, being brought to Captain Morgan,
+he thought fit to inquire thereinto. Having found it
+to be true&mdash;especially hearing it confirmed by the
+confession of the said religious men, though under
+some frivolous excuses of having diverted the
+money but for a day or two, in which time they expected
+more sums to repay it&mdash;he gave liberty to
+the said lady, whom otherwise he designed to transport
+to Jamaica. But he detained the said religious
+men as prisoners in her place, using them according
+to their desserts.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Morgan arriving at the town called Cruz,
+on the banks of the river Chagre, he published an
+order among the prisoners, that within three days
+every one should bring in their ransom, under the
+penalty of being transported to Jamaica. Meanwhile
+he gave orders for so much rice and maize to
+be collected thereabouts, as was necessary for victualing
+his ships. Here some of the prisoners were
+ransomed, but many others could not bring in their
+money. Hereupon he continued his voyage, leaving
+the village on the 5th of March following, carrying
+with him all the spoil he could. Hence he likewise
+led away some new prisoners, inhabitants there, with
+those in Panama, who had not paid their ransoms.
+But the two religious men, who had diverted the
+lady's money, were ransomed three days after by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>
+other persons, who had more compassion for them
+than they had showed for her.</p>
+
+<p>About the middle of the way to Chagre, Captain
+Morgan commanded them to be mustered, and
+caused every one to be sworn, that they had concealed
+nothing, even not to the value of sixpence.
+This done, Captain Morgan knowing those lewd fellows
+would not stick to swear falsely for interest, he
+commanded every one to be searched very strictly,
+both in their clothes and satchels, and elsewhere.
+Yea, that this order might not be ill taken by his
+companions, he permitted himself to be searched,
+even to his very shoes. To this effect, by common
+consent, one was assigned out of every company to
+be searchers of the rest. The French pirates that
+assisted on this expedition disliked this new practice
+of searching; but, being outnumbered by the
+English, they were forced to submit as well as the
+rest. The search being over, they re&euml;mbarked, and
+arrived at the castle of Chagre on the 9th of March.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> From <i>The Buccaneers of America</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>THE MALAY PROAS<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">James Fenimore Cooper</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">We</span> had cleared the Straits of Sunda early
+in the morning, and had made a pretty
+fair run in the course of the day, though
+most of the time in thick weather. Just as the
+sun set, however, the horizon became clear, and we
+got a sight of two small sail, seemingly heading
+in toward the coast of Sumatra, proas by their rig
+and dimensions. They were so distant, and were
+so evidently steering for the land, that no one gave
+them much thought, or bestowed on them any particular
+attention. Proas in that quarter were
+usually distrusted by ships, it is true; but the sea
+is full of them, and far more are innocent than are
+guilty of any acts of violence. Then it became dark
+soon after these craft were seen, and night shut
+them in. An hour after the sun had set, the wind
+fell to a light air, that just kept steerage-way on
+the ship. Fortunately, the <i>John</i> was not only fast,
+but she minded her helm, as a light-footed girl turns
+in a lively dance. I never was in a better-steering
+ship, most especially in moderate weather.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Marble had the middle watch that night, and,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>
+of course, I was on deck from midnight until four
+in the morning. It proved misty most of the watch,
+and for quite an hour we had a light drizzling rain.
+The ship the whole time was close-hauled, carrying
+royals. As everybody seemed to have made up
+his mind to a quiet night, one without any reefing
+or furling, most of the watch were sleeping about
+the decks, or wherever they could get good quarters,
+and be least in the way. I do not know what kept
+me awake, for lads of my age are apt to get all
+the sleep they can; but I believe I was thinking of
+Clawbonny, and Grace, and Lucy; for the latter,
+excellent girl as she was, often crossed my mind
+in those days of youth and comparative innocence.
+Awake I was, and walking in the weather-gangway,
+in a sailor's trot. Mr. Marble, he I do believe
+was fairly snoozing on the hen-coops, being, like
+the sails, as one might say, barely "asleep." At
+that moment I heard a noise, one familiar to seamen;
+that of an oar falling in a boat. So completely
+was my mind bent on other and distant
+scenes, that at first I felt no surprise, as if we were
+in a harbor surrounded by craft of various sizes,
+coming and going at all hours. But a second
+thought destroyed this illusion, and I looked eagerly
+about me. Directly on our weather-bow, distant,
+perhaps, a cable's length, I saw a small sail, and I
+could distinguish it sufficiently well to perceive it
+was a proa. I sang out "Sail ho! and close
+aboard!"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Marble was on his feet in an instant. He
+afterward told me that when he opened his eyes,
+for he admitted this much to me in confidence, they
+fell directly on the stranger. He was too much of
+a seaman to require a second look in order to ascertain
+what was to be done. "Keep the ship away&mdash;keep
+her broad off!" he called out to the man at
+the wheel. "Lay the yards square&mdash;call all hands,
+one of you. Captain Robbins, Mr. Kite, bear a
+hand up; the bloody proas are aboard us!" The
+last part of this call was uttered in a loud voice,
+with the speaker's head down the companion-way.
+It was heard plainly enough below, but scarcely at
+all on deck.</p>
+
+<p>In the meantime everybody was in motion. It
+is amazing how soon sailors are wide awake when
+there is really anything to do! It appeared to me
+that all our people mustered on deck in less than
+a minute, most of them with nothing on but their
+shirts and trousers. The ship was nearly before
+the wind by the time I heard the captain's voice;
+and then Mr. Kite came bustling in among us forward,
+ordering most of the men to lay aft to the
+braces, remaining himself on the forecastle, and
+keeping me with him to let go the sheets. On the
+forecastle, the strange sail was no longer visible,
+being now abaft the beam; but I could hear Mr.
+Marble swearing there were two of them, and that
+they must be the very chaps we had seen to leeward,
+and standing in for the land at sunset. I also<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span>
+heard the captain calling out to the steward to
+bring him a powder-horn. Immediately after,
+orders were given to let fly all our sheets forward,
+and then I perceived that they were wearing ship.
+Nothing saved us but the prompt order of Mr.
+Marble to keep the ship away, by which means, instead
+of moving toward the proas, we instantly
+began to move from them. Although they went
+three feet to our two, this gave us a moment of
+breathing time.</p>
+
+<p>As our sheets were all flying forward, and remained
+so for a few minutes, it gave me leisure to
+look about. I soon saw both proas, and glad
+enough was I to perceive that they had not approached
+materially nearer. Mr. Kite observed
+this also, and remarked that our movements had
+been so prompt as to "take the rascals aback." He
+meant they did not exactly know what we were at,
+and had not kept away with us.</p>
+
+<p>At this instant, the captain and five or six of the
+oldest seamen began to cast loose all our starboard,
+or weather guns, four in all, and sixes. We had
+loaded these guns in the Straits of Banca, with
+grape and canister, in readiness for just such pirates
+as were now coming down upon us; and nothing was
+wanting but the priming and a hot loggerhead. It
+seems two of the last had been ordered in the fire,
+when we saw the proas at sunset; and they were
+now in excellent condition for service, live coals
+being kept around them all night by command. I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>
+saw a cluster of men busy with the second gun
+from forward, and could distinguish the captain
+pointing to it.</p>
+
+<p>"There cannot well be any mistake, Mr.
+Marble?" the captain observed, hesitating whether
+to fire or not.</p>
+
+<p>"Mistake, sir? Lord, Captain Robbins, you
+might cannonade any of the islands astern for a
+week, and never hurt an honest man. Let 'em have
+it, sir; I'll answer for it, you do good."</p>
+
+<p>This settled the matter. The loggerhead was
+applied, and one of our sixes spoke out in a smart
+report. A breathless stillness succeeded. The
+proas did not alter their course, but neared us fast.
+The captain levelled his night-glass, and I heard
+him tell Kite, in a low voice, that they were full
+of men. The word was now passed to clear away
+all the guns, and to open the arm-chest, to come at
+the muskets and pistols. I heard the rattling of
+the boarding-pikes, too, as they were cut adrift
+from the spanker-boom, and fell upon the decks.
+All this sounded very ominous, and I began to think
+we should have a desperate engagement first, and
+then have all our throats cut afterward.</p>
+
+<p>I expected now to hear the guns discharged in
+quick succession, but they were got ready only, not
+fired. Kite went aft, and returned with three or
+four muskets, and as many pikes. He gave the
+latter to those of the people who had nothing to
+do with the guns. By this time the ship was on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span>
+a wind, steering a good full, while the two proas
+were just abeam, and closing fast. The stillness
+that reigned on both sides was like that of death.
+The proas, however, fell a little more astern; the
+result of their own man&#339;uvering, out of all doubt,
+as they moved through the water much faster than
+the ship, seeming desirous of dropping into our
+wake, with a design of closing under our stern, and
+avoiding our broadside. As this would never do,
+and the wind freshened so as to give us four or five
+knot way, a most fortunate circumstance for us,
+the captain determined to tack while he had room.
+The <i>John</i> behaved beautifully, and came round like
+a top. The proas saw there was no time to lose,
+and attempted to close before we could fill again;
+and this they would have done with ninety-nine
+ships in a hundred. The captain knew his vessel,
+however, and did not let her lose her way, making
+everything draw again as it might be by instinct.
+The proas tacked, too, and, laying up much nearer
+to the wind than we did, appeared as if about to
+close on our lee-bow. The question was, now,
+whether we could pass them or not before they got
+near enough to grapple. If the pirates got on board
+us, we were hopelessly gone; and everything depended
+on coolness and judgment. The captain
+behaved perfectly well in this critical instant, commanding
+a dead silence, and the closest attention to
+his orders.</p>
+
+<p>I was too much interested at this moment to feel<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span>
+the concern that I might otherwise have experienced.
+On the forecastle, it appeared to us all that
+we should be boarded in a minute, for one of the
+proas was actually within a hundred feet, though
+losing her advantage a little by getting under the
+lee of our sails. Kite had ordered us to muster
+forward of the rigging, to meet the expected leap
+with a discharge of muskets, and then to present
+our pikes, when I felt an arm thrown around my
+body, and was turned inboard, while another person
+assumed my place. This was Neb, who had thus
+coolly thrust himself before me, in order to meet
+the danger first. I felt vexed, even while touched
+with the fellow's attachment and self-devotion, but
+had no time to betray either feeling before the
+crews of the proas gave a yell, and discharged some
+fifty or sixty matchlocks at us. The air was full
+of bullets, but they all went over our heads. Not
+a soul on board the <i>John</i> was hurt. On our side,
+we gave the gentlemen the four sixes, two at the
+nearest and two at the stern-most proa, which was
+still near a cable's length distant. As often happens,
+the one seemingly farthest from danger, fared
+the worst. Our grape and canister had room to
+scatter, and I can at this distant day still hear the
+shrieks that arose from that craft! They were like
+the yells of fiends in anguish. The effect on that
+proa was instantaneous; instead of keeping on after
+her consort, she wore short round on her heel, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>
+stood away in our wake, on the other tack, apparently
+to get out of the range of our fire.</p>
+
+<p>I doubt if we touched a man in the nearest proa.
+At any rate, no noise proceeded from her, and she
+came up under our bows fast. As every gun was
+discharged, and there was not time to load them,
+all now depended on repelling the boarders. Part
+of our people mustered in the waist, where it was
+expected the proa would fall alongside, and part
+on the forecastle. Just as this distribution was
+made, the pirates cast their grapnel. It was admirably
+thrown, but caught only by a ratlin. I saw this,
+and was about to jump into the rigging to try what
+I could do to clear it, when Neb again went ahead
+of me, and cut the ratlin with his knife. This was
+just as the pirates had abandoned sails and oars,
+and had risen to haul up alongside. So sudden was
+the release, that twenty of them fell over by their
+own efforts. In this state the ship passed ahead,
+all her canvas being full, leaving the proa motionless
+in her wake. In passing, however, the two
+vessels were so near, that those aft in the <i>John</i> distinctly
+saw the swarthy faces of their enemies.</p>
+
+<p>We were no sooner clear of the proas than the
+order was given, "Ready about!" The helm was
+put down, and the ship came into the wind in a
+minute. As we came square with the two proas, all
+our larboard guns were given to them, and this
+ended the affair. I think the nearest of the rascals
+got it this time, for away she went, after her consort,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span>
+both running off toward the islands. We
+made a little show of chasing, but it was only a
+feint; for we were too glad to get away from them,
+to be in earnest. In ten minutes after we tacked
+the last time, we ceased firing, having thrown some
+eight or ten round-shot after the proas, and were
+close-hauled again, heading to the southwest.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> From <i>Afloat and Ashore</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>THE WONDERFUL FIGHT OF THE
+<i>EXCHANGE</i> OF BRISTOL<br />
+WITH THE PIRATES OF ALGIERS<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Samuel Purchas</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">In</span> the yeere 1621, the first of November, there
+was one <i>Iohn Rawlins</i>, borne in <i>Rochester</i>, and
+dwelling three and twenty yeere in <i>Plimmoth</i>,
+imployed to the Strait of <i>Gibraltar</i>, by Master <i>Richard</i>,
+and <i>Steven Treviles</i>, Merchants of Plimmoth,
+and fraighted in a Barke, called the <i>Nicholas</i> of
+<i>Plimmoth</i>, of the burden of forty Tun, which had
+also in her company another ship of <i>Plimmoth</i>,
+called the <i>George Benaventure</i> of seventy Tun burthen,
+or thereabouts; which by reason of her greatnesse
+beyond the other, I will name the <i>Admirall</i>;
+and <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> Barke shall, if you please, be the
+<i>Vice-admirall</i>. These two according to the time of
+the yeere, had a faire passage, and by the eighteenth
+of the same moneth came to a place at the entring of
+the straits, named <i>Trafflegar</i>: but the next morning,
+being in the sight of <i>Gibraltar</i>, at the very mouth
+of the straits, the watch descried five saile of ships,
+who as it seemed, used all the means they could to
+come neere us, and we as we had cause, used the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span>
+same means to go as farre from them: yet did their
+<i>Admirall</i> take in both his top sailes, that either we
+might not suspect them, or that his owne company
+might come up the closer together. At last perceiving
+us <i>Christians</i>, they fell from devices to apparent
+discovery of hostility, and making out against us:
+we againe suspecting them Pirats, tooke our course
+to escape from them, and made all the sailes we
+possibly could for <i>Tirriff</i>, or <i>Gibraltar</i>: but all we
+could doe, could not prevent their approach. For
+suddenly one of them came right over against us to
+wind-ward, and so fell upon our quarter: another
+came upon our luffe, and so threatened us there,
+and at last all five chased us, making great speed
+to surprise us.</p>
+
+<p>Their <i>Admirall</i> was called <i>Callfater</i>, having upon
+her maine top-saile, two top-gallant sailes, one above
+another. But whereas we thought them all five to be
+<i>Turkish</i> ships of war, we afterwards understood,
+that two of them were their prizes, the one a smal
+ship of <i>London</i>, the other of the West-countrey, that
+came out of the <i>Quactath</i> laden with figges, and
+other Merchandise, but now subiect to the fortune
+of the Sea, and the captivity of Pirats. But to our
+businesse. Three of these ships got much upon us,
+and so much that ere halfe the day was spent, the
+<i>Admirall</i> who was the best sailer, fetcht up the
+<i>George Bonaventure</i>, and made booty of it. The
+<i>Vice-Admirall</i> againe being neerest unto the lesser
+Barke, whereof <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> was Master, shewed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span>
+him the force of a stronger arme, and by his <i>Turkish</i>
+name, called <i>Villa-Rise</i>, commanded him in like sort
+to strike his sailes, and submit to his mercy, which
+not to be gaine-saied nor prevented, was quickly
+done: and so <i>Rawlins</i> with his Barke was quickly
+taken, although the <i>Reare-Admirall</i> being the
+worst sayler of the three, called <i>Reggiprise</i>, came
+not in, till all was done.</p>
+
+<p>The same day before night, the <i>Admirall</i> either
+loth to pester himselfe with too much company, or
+ignorant of the commodity that was to be made by
+the sale of <i>English</i> prisoners, or daring not to trust
+them in his company, for feare of mutinies, and
+exciting others to rebellion; set twelve persons who
+were in the <i>George Bonaventure</i> on the land, and
+divers other <i>English</i>, whom he had taken before, to
+trie their fortunes in an unknowne Countrey. But
+<i>Villa-Rise</i>, the <i>Vice-Admirall</i> that had taken <i>Iohn
+Rawlins</i>, would not so dispence with his men, but
+commanded him and five more of his company to be
+brought aboord his ship, leaving in his Barke three
+men and his boy, with thirteene <i>Turkes</i> and <i>Moores</i>,
+who were questionlesse sufficient to over-master the
+other, and direct the Barke to Harbour. Thus they
+sailed directly for <i>Algier</i>; but the night following,
+followed them with great tempest and foule
+weather, which ended not without some effect of a
+storme: for they lost the sight of <i>Rawlins</i> Barke,
+called the <i>Nicholas</i>, and in a manner lost themselves,
+though they seemed safe a shipboord, by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>
+fearefull coniecturing what should become of us: at
+last, by the two and twentieth of the same moneth,
+they, or we (chuse you whether) arrived at <i>Algier</i>,
+and came in safety within the Mould, but found not
+our other Barke there; nay, though we earnestly inquired
+after the same, yet heard we nothing to our
+satisfaction; but much matter was ministred to our
+discomfort and amazement. For although the Captaine
+and our over-seers, were loth we should have
+any conference with our Country-men; yet did we
+adventure to informe ourselves of the present affaires,
+both of the Towne, and the shipping: so
+that finding many <i>English</i> at worke in other ships,
+they spared not to tell us the danger we were in,
+and the mischiefes we must needs incurre, as being
+sure if we were not used like slaves, to be sold as
+slaves; for there had beene five hundred brought
+into the market for the same purpose, and above a
+hundred hansome youths compelled to turne <i>Turkes</i>,
+or made subiect to more viler prostitution, and all
+<i>English</i>: yet like good <i>Christians</i>, they bade us be
+of good cheere, and comfort ourselves in this, that
+Gods trials were gentle purgations, and these crosses
+were but to cleanse the drosse from the gold, and
+bring us out of the fire againe more cleare and
+lovely. Yet I must needs confesse, that they afforded
+us reason for this cruelty, as if they determined
+to be revenged of our last attempt to fire their
+ships in the Mould, and therefore protested to
+spare none whom they could surprise and take<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span>
+alive; but either to sell them for money, or torment
+them to serve their owne turnes. Now their customes
+and usages in both these was in this manner.</p>
+
+<p>First, concerning the first. The <i>Bashaw</i> had the
+over-seeing of all prisoners, who were presented
+unto him at their first comming into the harbour,
+and to choose one out of every eight for a present or
+fee to himselfe: the rest were rated by the Captaines,
+and so sent to the Market to be sold; whereat if
+either there were repining, or any drawing backe,
+then certaine <i>Moores</i> and Officers attended either
+to beate you forward, or thrust you into the sides
+with Goades; and this was the manner of the selling
+of Slaves.</p>
+
+<p>Secondly, concerning their enforcing them, either
+to turne <i>Turke</i>, or to attend their filthines and impieties,
+although it would make a Christians heart
+bleed to heare of the same, yet must the truth not
+be hid, nor the terror left untold. They commonly
+lay them on their naked backs or bellies, beating
+them so long, till they bleed at the nose and mouth;
+and if yet they continue constant, then they strike
+the teeth out of their heads, pinch them by their
+tongues, and use many other sorts of tortures to convert
+them; nay, many times they lay them their
+whole length in the ground like a grave, and so
+cover them with boords, threatening to starve them,
+if they will not turne; and so many even for feare
+of torment and death, make their tongues betray
+their hearts to a most fearefull wickednesse, and so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span>
+are circumcised with new names, and brought to confesse
+a new Religion. Others againe, I must confesse,
+who never knew any God, but their own sensuall
+lusts and pleasures, thought that any religion
+would serve their turnes, and so for preferment or
+wealth very voluntarily renounced their faith, and
+became <i>Renegadoes</i> in despight of any counsell which
+seemed to intercept them: and this was the first
+newes wee encountred with at our comming first to
+<i>Algier</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The 26. of the same moneth, <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> his
+Barke, with his other three men and a boy, came
+safe into the Mould, and so were put all together to
+be carried before the <i>Bashaw</i>, but that they tooke
+the Owners servant, and <i>Rawlins</i> Boy, and by force
+and torment compelled them to turne <i>Turkes</i>: then
+were they in all seven <i>English</i>, besides <i>Iohn Rawlins</i>,
+of whom the <i>Bashaw</i> tooke one, and sent the
+rest to their Captaines, who set a valuation upon
+them, and so the Souldiers hurried us like dogs into
+the Market, whereas men sell Hacknies in <i>England</i>.
+We were tossed up and downe to see who would
+give most for us; and although we had heavy hearts,
+and looked with sad countenances, yet many came to
+behold us, sometimes taking us by the hand, sometimes
+turning us round about, sometimes feeling our
+brawnes and naked armes, and so beholding our
+prices written on our breasts, they bargained for us
+accordingly, and at last we were all sold, and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>
+Souldiers returned with the money to their Captaines.</p>
+
+<p><i>Iohn Rawlins</i> was the last who was sold, by reason
+of his lame hand, and bought by the Captaine
+that tooke him, even that dog <i>Villa Rise</i>, who better
+informing himselfe of his skill fit to be a Pilot,
+and his experience to bee an over-seer, bought him
+and his Carpenter at very easie rates. For as we
+afterwards understood by divers <i>English Renegadoes</i>,
+he paid for <i>Rawlins</i> but one hundred and
+fiftie Dooblets, which make of <i>English</i> money seven
+pound ten shilling. Thus was he and his Carpenter
+with divers other slaves sent into his ship to worke,
+and imployed about such affaires, as belonged to the
+well rigging and preparing the same. But the villanous
+<i>Turkes</i> perceiving his lame hand, and that
+he could not performe so much as other Slaves,
+quickly complained to their Patron, who as quickly
+apprehended the inconvenience; whereupon hee sent
+for him the next day, and told him he was unserviceable
+for his present purpose, and therefore unlesse
+he could procure fifteene pound of the <i>English</i>
+there for his ransome, he would send him up into
+the Countrey, where he should never see <i>Christendome</i>
+againe, and endure the extremity of a miserable
+banishment.</p>
+
+<p>But see how God worketh all for the best for his
+servants, and confounded the presumption of Tyrants,
+frustrating their purposes, to make his wonders
+knowne to the sonnes of men, and releeves his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span>
+people, when they least thinke of succour and releasement.
+Whilest <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> was thus terrified
+with the dogged answere of <i>Villa Rise</i>, the <i>Exchange</i>
+of <i>Bristow</i>,<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> a ship formerly surprised by the
+Pirats, lay all unrigged in the Harbour, till at last
+one <i>Iohn Goodale</i>, an <i>English Turke</i>, with his confederates,
+understanding shee was a good sailer,
+and might be made a proper Man of Warre, bought
+her from the <i>Turkes</i> that tooke her, and prepared
+her for their owne purpose. Now the <i>Captaine</i> that
+set them at worke, was also an <i>English Renegado</i>,
+by the name of <i>Rammetham Rise</i>, but by his Christian
+name <i>Henrie Chandler</i>, who resolved to make
+<i>Goodale</i> Master over her; and because they were
+both <i>English Turkes</i>, having the command notwithstanding
+of many <i>Turkes</i> and <i>Moores</i>, they concluded
+to have all <i>English</i> slaves to goe in her, and
+for their Gunners, <i>English</i> and <i>Dutch Renegadoes</i>,
+and so they agreed with the Patrons of nine <i>English</i>
+and one <i>French</i> Slave for their ransoms, who were
+presently imployed to rig and furnish the ship for a
+Man of Warre, and while they were thus busied,
+two of <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> men, who were taken with him,
+were also taken up to serve in this Man of Warre,
+their names, <i>Iames Roe</i>, and <i>Iohn Davies</i>, the one
+dwelling in <i>Plimmoth</i>, and the other in <i>Foy</i>, where
+the Commander of this ship was also borne, by which
+occasion they came acquainted, so that both the Captaine,
+and the Master promised them good usage,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span>
+upon the good service they should performe in the
+voyage, and withall demanded of them, if they knew
+of any <i>Englishman</i> to be bought, that could serve
+as a Pilot, both to direct them out of Harbour,
+and conduct them in their voyage. For in truth
+neither was the Captaine a Mariner, nor any
+<i>Turke</i> in her of sufficiency to dispose of her through
+the Straites in securitie, nor oppose any enemie, that
+should hold it out bravely against them. <i>Davies</i>
+quickly replied, that as farre as he understood, <i>Villa
+Rise</i> would sell <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> his Master, and Commander
+of the Barke which was taken, a man every
+way sufficient for Sea affaires, being of great resolution
+and good experience; and for all he had a lame
+hand, yet had he a sound heart and noble courage
+for any attempt or adventure.</p>
+
+<p>When the Captaine understood thus much, he imployed
+<i>Davies</i> to search for Rawlins, who at last
+lighting upon him, asked him if the <i>Turke</i> would sell
+him: <i>Rawlins</i> suddenly answered, that by reason of
+his lame hand he was willing to part with him; but
+because he had disbursed money for him, he would
+gaine something by him, and so prized him at three
+hundred Dooblets, which amounteth to fifteene
+pound <i>English</i>; which he must procure, or incurre
+sorer indurances. When <i>Davies</i> had certified this
+much, the <i>Turkes</i> a ship-boord conferred about the
+matter, and the Master whose Christen name was
+<i>Iohn Goodale</i> joyned with two <i>Turkes</i>, who were
+consorted with him, and disbursed one hundred<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span>
+Dooblets a piece, and so bought him of <i>Villa Rise</i>,
+sending him into the said ship, called the <i>Exchange</i>
+of <i>Bristow</i>, as well to supervise what had been done,
+as to order what was left undone, but especially to
+fit the sailes, and to accommodate the ship, all which
+<i>Rawlins</i> was very carefull and dilligent in, not yet
+thinking of any peculiar plot of deliverance, more
+than a generall desire to be freed from this <i>Turkish</i>
+slaverie, and inhumane abuses.</p>
+
+<p>By the seventh of Januarie, the ship was prepared
+with twelve good cast Pieces, and all manner of
+munition and provision, which belonged to such a
+purpose, and the same day haled out of the Mould
+of <i>Algier</i>, with this company, and in this manner.</p>
+
+<p>There were in her sixtie three <i>Turkes</i> and
+<i>Moores</i>, nine <i>English</i> slaves, and one <i>French</i>, foure
+<i>Hollanders</i> that were free men, to whom the <i>Turkes</i>
+promised one prise or other, and so to returne to
+Holland; or if they were disposed to goe backe
+againe for <i>Algier</i>, they should have great reward
+and no enforcement offered, but continue as they
+would, both their religion and their customes: and
+for their Gunners they had two of our Souldiers,
+one <i>English</i> and one <i>Dutch</i> Renegado; and thus
+much for the companie. For the manner of setting
+out, it was as usuall as in other ships, but that the
+<i>Turkes</i> delighted in the ostentous braverie of their
+Streamers, Banners, and Top-sayles; the ship being
+a handsome ship, and well built for any purpose.
+The Slaves and <i>English</i> were imployed under<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span>
+Hatches about the Ordnance, and other workes of
+order, and accommodating themselves: all which
+<i>Iohn Rawlins</i> marked, as supposing it an intolerable
+slaverie to take such paines, and be subiect to such
+dangers, and still to enrich other men and maintaine
+their voluptuous filthinesse and lives, returning <i>themselves</i>
+as Slaves, and living worse than their Dogs
+amongst them. Whereupon hee burst out into these,
+or the like abrupt speeches: "Oh Hellish slaverie to
+be thus subiect to Dogs! Oh, God strengthen my
+heart and hand, that something shall be done to ease
+us of these mischiefs, and deliver us from these cruell
+<i>Mahumetan</i> Dogs." The other Slaves pittying his
+distraction (as they thought) bad him speake
+softly, lest they should all fare the worse for his
+distemperature. "The worse (quoth <i>Rawlins</i>) what
+can be worse? I will either attempt my deliverance
+at one time, or another, or perish in the enterprise:
+but if you would be contented to hearken after
+a release, and joyne with me in the action, I would
+not doubt of facilitating the same, and shew you a
+way to make your credits thrive by some worke of
+amazement, and augment your glorie in purchasing
+your libertie." "I prethee be quiet (said they
+againe) and think not of impossibilities: yet if you
+can but open such a doore of reason and probabilitie,
+that we be not condemned for desperate and distracted
+persons, in pulling the Sunne as it were out
+of the Firmament, wee can but sacrifice our lives,
+and you may be sure of secrecie and faithfulnesse."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The fifteenth of Januarie, the morning water
+brought us neere <i>Cape de Gatt</i>, hard by the shoare,
+we having in our companie a smal <i>Turkish</i> ship of
+Warre, that followed us out of <i>Algier</i> the next day,
+and now ioyning with us, gave us notice of seven
+small vessels, sixe of them being <i>Sallees</i>, and one
+<i>Pollack</i>, who very quickly appeared in sight, and so
+we made toward them: but having more advantage
+of the <i>Pollack</i>, then the rest, and loth to lose all, we
+both fetcht her up, and brought her past hope of
+recoverie, which when she perceived, rather then
+she would voluntarily come into the slaverie of these
+<i>Mahumetans</i>, she ran her selfe a shoare, and so all
+the men forsooke her. We still followed as neere as
+we durst, and for feare of splitting, let fall our
+anchors, sending out both our boates, wherein were
+many Musketeers, and some <i>English</i> and <i>Dutch</i>
+Renegadoes, who came aboord home at their <i>Conge</i>,
+and found three pieces of Ordnance, and foure
+Murtherers: but they straightway threw them all
+over-boord to lighten the ship, and so they got her
+off, being laden with Hides, and Logwood for dying,
+and presently sent her to <i>Algier</i>, taking nine <i>Turkes</i>,
+and one <i>English</i> Slave, out of one ship, and six out
+of the lesse, which we thought sufficient to man her.</p>
+
+<p>In the rifling of this <i>Catelaynia</i>, our <i>Turkes</i> fell at
+variance one with another, and in such a manner,
+that we divided our selves, the lesser ship returned
+to <i>Algier</i>, and our <i>Exchange</i> tooke the opportunitie
+of the wind, and plyed out of the Streights, which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span>
+reioyced <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> very much, as resolving on
+some Stratageme, when opportunities should serve.
+In the meane-while, the <i>Turkes</i> began to murmurre,
+and would not willingly goe into the <i>Marr Granada</i>,
+as the phrase is amongst them: notwithstanding the
+<i>Moores</i> being very <i>superstitious</i>, were contented to
+be directed by their <i>Hoshea</i>, who with us, signifieth
+a Witch, and is of great account and reputation
+amongst them, as not going in any great Vessell to
+Sea without one, and observing whatsoever he concludeth
+out of his Divination. The Ceremonies they
+use are many, and when they come into the Ocean,
+every second or third night they make their Conjuration;
+it beginneth and endeth with Prayer, using
+many Characters, and calling upon God by divers
+names: yet at this time, all that they did consisted in
+these particulars.</p>
+
+<p>Upon the sight of two great ships, and as wee
+were afraid of their chasing us, they beeing supposed
+to bee <i>Spanish</i> men of Warre, a great silence is commanded
+in the ship, and when all is done, the company
+giveth as great a skreech; the Captaine comming
+to <i>John Rawlins</i>, and sometimes making him
+take in all his sayles, and sometimes causing him to
+hoyst them all out, as the Witch findeth by his Booke,
+and presages; then have they two Arrowes, and a
+Curtleaxe, lying upon a Pillow naked; the Arrowes
+are one for the Turkes, and the other for the Christians;
+then the Witch readeth, and the Captaine or
+some other taketh the Arrowes in their hand by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span>
+the heads, and if the Arrow for the Christians commeth
+over the head of the Arrow for the <i>Turkes</i>,
+then doe they advance their sayles, and will not endure
+the fight, whatsoever they see: but if the Arrow
+of the <i>Turkes</i> is found in the opening of the
+hand upon the Arrow of the Christians, then will
+they stay and encounter with any shippe whatsoever.
+The Curtleaxe is taken up by some Childe,
+that is innocent, or rather ignorant of the Ceremonie,
+and so layd downe againe; then doe they
+observe, whether the same side is uppermost, which
+lay before, and so proceed accordingly.</p>
+
+<p>They also observe Lunatickes and Changelings,
+and the Coniurer writeth downe their Sayings in a
+Booke, groveling on the ground, as if he whispered to
+the Devil to tell him the truth, and so expoundeth
+the Letter, as it were by inspiration. Many other
+foolish Rites they have, whereupon they doe dote as
+foolishly.</p>
+
+<p>Whilest he was busied, and made demonstration
+that all was finished, the people in the ship gave a
+great shout, and cryed out, "a sayle, a sayle," which
+at last was discovered to bee another man of Warre
+of <i>Turkes</i>. For he made toward us, and sent his
+Boat aboord us, to whom our Captain complained,
+that being becalmed by the Southerne Cape, and
+having made no Voyage, the <i>Turkes</i> denyed to goe
+any further Northward: but the Captaine resolved
+not to returne to <i>Algier</i>, except he could obtayne
+some Prize worthy his endurances, but rather to goe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>
+to <i>Salle</i>, and tell his Christians to victuall his ship;
+which the other Captaine apprehended for his
+honour, and so perswaded the <i>Turkes</i> to be obedient
+unto him; whereupon followed a pacification
+amongst us, and so that <i>Turke</i> tooke his course for
+the Streights, and wee put up Northward, expecting
+the good houre of some beneficiall bootie.</p>
+
+<p>All this while our slavery continued, and the
+<i>Turkes</i> with insulting tyrannie set us still on worke
+in all base and servile actions, adding stripes and
+inhumane revilings, even in our greatest labour,
+whereupon <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> resolved to obtane his libertie,
+and surprize the ship; providing Ropes with
+broad spikes of Iron, and all the Iron Crowes,
+with which hee knew a way, upon consent of the
+rest, to ramme up or tye fast their Scuttels, Gratings,
+and Cabbins, yea, to shut up the Captaine himselfe
+with all his consorts, and so to handle the matter,
+that upon the watch-word given, the <i>English</i>
+being Masters of the Gunner roome, Ordnance, and
+Powder, they would eyther blow them into the
+Ayre, or kill them as they adventured to come
+downe one by one, if they should by any chance open
+their Cabbins. But because hee would proceed the
+better in his enterprise, as he had somewhat
+abruptly discovered himselfe to the nine <i>English</i>
+slaves, so he kept the same distance with the foure
+<i>Hollanders</i>, that were free men, till finding them
+comming somewhat toward them, he acquainted
+them with the whole Conspiracie, and they affecting<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>
+the Plot, offered the adventure of their lives in the
+businesse. Then very warily he undermined the
+<i>English</i> Renegado, which was the Gunner, and three
+more his Associats, who at first seemed to retract.
+Last of all were brought in the <i>Dutch</i> Renegadoes,
+who were also in the Gunner roome, for alwayes
+there lay twelve there, five Christians, and seven
+<i>English</i>, and <i>Dutch Turkes</i>: so that when another
+motion had settled their resolutions, and <i>Iohn Rawlins</i>
+his constancie had put new life as it were in the
+matter, the foure <i>Hollanders</i> very honestly, according
+to their promise, sounded the <i>Dutch</i> Renegadoes,
+who with easie perswasion gave their consent
+to so brave an Enterprize; whereupon <i>Iohn
+Rawlins</i>, not caring whether the <i>English</i> Gunners
+would yeeld or no, resolved in the Captaines morning
+watch, to make the attempt. But you must understand
+that where the <i>English</i> slaves lay, there
+hung up alwayes foure or five Crowes of Iron, being
+still under the carriages of the Peeces, and when the
+time approached being very darke, because <i>Iohn
+Rawlins</i> would have his Crow of Iron ready as other
+things were, and other men prepared in their severall
+places, in taking it out of the carriage, by
+chance, it hit on the side of the Peece, making such
+a noyse, that the Souldiers hearing it awaked the
+<i>Turkes</i>, and bade them come downe: whereupon the
+Botesane of the <i>Turkes</i> descended with a Candle,
+and presently searched all the slaves places, making
+much adoe of the matter, but finding neyther<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span>
+Hatchet nor Hammer, nor any thing else to move
+suspicion of the Enterprize, more then the Crow of
+Iron, which lay slipped downe under the carriages
+of the Peeces, they went quietly up againe, and certified
+the Captaine what had chanced, who satisfied
+himselfe, that it was a common thing to have a
+Crow of Iron slip from its place. But by this occasion
+wee made stay of our attempt, yet were resolved
+to take another or a better oportunitie.</p>
+
+<p>For we sayled still more North-ward, and <i>Rawlins</i>
+had more time to tamper with his Gunners, and
+the rest of the <i>English</i> Renegadoes, who very willingly,
+when they considered the matter, and perpended
+the reasons, gave way unto the Proiect, and
+with a kind of joy seemed to entertayne the motives:
+only they made a stop at the first on-set, who should
+begin the enterprize, which was no way fit for them
+to doe, because they were no slaves, but Renegadoes,
+and so had always beneficiall entertaynment
+amongst them. But when it is once put in practice,
+they would be sure not to faile them, but venture
+their lives for God and their Countrey. But once
+againe he is disappointed, and a suspitious accident
+brought him to recollect his spirits anew, and studie
+on the danger of the enterprize, and thus it was.
+After the Renegado Gunner, had protested secrecie
+by all that might induce a man to bestow some beliefe
+upon him, he presently went up the Scottle, but
+stayed not aloft a quarter of an houre; nay he came
+sooner down, &amp; in the Gunner roome sate by <i>Rawlins</i>,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span>
+who tarryed for him where he left him: he
+was no sooner placed, and entred into some conference,
+but there entred into the place a furious <i>Turke</i>,
+with his Knife drawne, and presented it to <i>Rawlins</i>
+his body, who verily supposed, he intended to kill
+him, as suspitious that the Gunner had discovered
+something, whereat <i>Rawlins</i> was much moved, and
+hastily asked what the matter meant, and whether
+he would kill him, observing his companion's countenance
+to change colour, whereby his suspitious
+heart, condemned him for a Traytor: but at more
+leisure he sware the contrary, and afterward proved
+faithfull and industrious in the enterprize. For the
+present, he answered <i>Rawlins</i> in this manner, "no
+Master, be not afraid, I thinke hee doth but <i>iest</i>."
+With that <i>John Rawlins</i> gave backe a little and
+drew out his Knife, stepping also to the Gunners
+sheath and taking out his, whereby he had two
+Knives to one, which when the <i>Turke</i> perceived,
+he threw downe his Knife, saying, hee did but iest
+with him. But when the Gunner perceived, <i>Rawlins</i>
+tooke it so ill, hee whispered something in his eare,
+that at last satisfied him, calling Heaven to witnesse,
+that he never spake word of the Enterprize, nor
+ever would, either to the preiudice of the businesse,
+or danger of his person. Notwithstanding, <i>Rawlins</i>
+kept the Knives in his sleeve all night, and was
+somewhat troubled, for that hee had made so many
+acquainted with an action of such importance; but
+the next day, when hee perceived the Coast cleere,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span>
+and that there was no cause of further feare, hee
+somewhat comforted himselfe.</p>
+
+<p>All this while, <i>Rawlins</i> drew the Captaine to lye
+for the Northerne Cape, assuring him, that thereby
+he should not misse a prize, which accordingly
+fell out, as a wish would have it: but his drift was in
+truth to draw him from any supply, or help
+of <i>Turkes</i>, if God should give way to their Enterprize,
+or successe to the victorie: yet for the present
+the sixth of February, being twelve leagues from the
+Cape, wee descryed a sayle, and presently took the
+advantage of the wind in chasing her, and at last
+fetched her up, making her strike all her sayles,
+whereby wee knew her to be a Barke belonging to
+<i>Tor Bay</i>, neere <i>Dartmouth</i>, that came from <i>Auerure</i>
+laden with Salt. Ere we had fully dispatched, it
+chanced to be foule weather, so that we could not,
+or at least <i>would not</i> make out our Boat, but caused
+the Master of the Barke to let downe his, and come
+aboord with his Company, being in the Barke but
+nine men, and one Boy; and so the Master leaving
+his Mate with two men in the ship, came himselfe
+with five men, and the boy unto us, whereupon our
+<i>Turkish</i> Captain sent ten <i>Turkes</i> to man her,
+amongst whom were two <i>Dutch</i>, and one English
+Renegado, who were of our confederacie, and acquainted
+with the businesse.</p>
+
+<p>But when <i>Rawlins</i> saw this partition of his
+friends; before they could hoyst out their Boat for
+the Barke, he made meanes to speake with them,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span>
+and told them plainly, that he would prosecute the
+matter eyther that night, or the next and therefore
+whatsoever came of it they should acquaint the <i>English</i>
+with his resolution, and make toward <i>England</i>,
+bearing up the helme, whiles the <i>Turkes</i> slept, and
+suspected no such matter: for by Gods grace in his
+first watch about mid-night, he would shew them a
+light, by which they might understand, that the Enterprize
+was begunne, or at least in a good forwardnesse
+for the execution: and so the Boat was let
+downe, and they came to the Barke of <i>Tor Bay</i>,
+where the Masters Mate beeing left (as before you
+have heard) apprehended quickly the matter, and
+heard the Discourse with amazement. But time
+was precious, and not to be spent in disputing, or
+casting of doubts, whether the <i>Turkes</i> that were
+with them were able to master them, or no, beeing
+seven to sixe, considering they had the helme of
+the ship, and the <i>Turkes</i> being Souldiers, and ignorant
+of Sea Affaires, could not discover, whether
+they went to <i>Algier</i> or no; or if they did, they resolved
+by <i>Rawlins</i> example to cut their throats, or
+cast them over-boord: and so I leave them to make
+use of the Renegadoes instructions, and returne to
+<i>Rawlins</i> againe.</p>
+
+<p>The Master of the Barke of <i>Tor Bay</i>, and his
+Company were quickly searched, and as quickly pillaged,
+and dismissed to the libertie of the shippe,
+whereby <i>Rawlins</i> had leisure to entertayne him with
+the lamentable newes of their extremities, and in a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span>
+word, of every particular which was befitting to the
+purpose: yea, he told him, that that night he should
+lose the sight of them, for they would make the
+helme for <i>England</i> and hee would that night and
+evermore pray for their good successe, and safe deliverance.</p>
+
+<p>When the Master of the Barke of <i>Tor Bay</i> had
+heard him out, and that his company were partakers
+of his Storie, they became all silent, not
+eyther diffident of his Discourse, or afraid of the
+attempt, but resolved to assist him. Yet to shew
+himselfe an understanding man, hee demanded of
+<i>Rawlins</i>, what weapons he had, and in what manner
+he would execute the businesse: to which he answered,
+that he had Ropes, and Iron Hookes to
+make fast the Scottels, Gratings, and Cabbines, he
+had also in the Gunner roome two Curtleaxes, and
+the slaves had five Crowes of Iron before them:
+Besides, in the scuffling they made no question of
+some of the Souldiers weapons. Then for the manner,
+hee told them, they were sure of the Ordnance,
+the Gunner roome, and the Powder, and so blocking
+them up, would eyther kill them as they came
+downe, or turne the Ordnance against their Cabbins,
+or blow them into the Ayre by one Strategeme
+or other; and thus were they contented on all sides,
+and resolved to the Enterprize.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning, being the seventh of February,
+the Prize of <i>Tor Bay</i> was not to bee seene
+or found, whereat the Captaine began to storme<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>
+and sweare, commanding <i>Rawlins</i> to search the
+Seas up and downe for her, who bestowed all that
+day in the businesse, but to little purpose: whereupon
+when the humour was spent, the Captaine
+pacified himselfe, as conceiting he should sure find
+her at <i>Algier</i>: but by the permission of the Ruler of
+all actions, that <i>Algier</i> was England, and all his
+wickednesse frustrated: for <i>Rawlins</i> beeing now
+startled, lest hee should returne in this humour for
+the Streights, on the eight of February went downe
+into the hold, and finding a great deale of water
+below, told the Captaine of the same, adding, that
+it did not come to the Pumpe, which he said very
+politickly, that he might remove the Ordnance. For
+when the Captaine askt him the reason, he told him
+the ship was too farre after the head: then hee
+commanded to use the best meanes he could to
+bring her in order: "sure then," quoth <i>Rawlins</i>, "wee
+must quit our Cables, and bring foure Peeces of
+Ordnance after, and that would bring the water to
+the Pumpe;" which was presently put in practice, so
+the Peeces beeing usually made fast thwart the
+ship, we brought two of them with their mouthes
+right before the Binnacle, and because the Renegadoe
+<i>Flemmings</i> would not begin, it was thus concluded:
+that the ship having three Deckes, wee that did belong
+to the Gunner roome should bee all there, and
+breake up the lower Decke. The <i>English</i> slaves,
+who always lay in the middle Decks, should doe the
+like, and watch the Scuttels: <i>Rawlins</i> himselfe prevayled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span>
+with the Gunner, for so much Powder, as
+should prime the Peeces, and so told them all there
+was no better watch-word, nor meanes to begin, then
+upon the report of the Peece to make a cry and
+shout, for God, and King <i>Iames</i>, and Saint <i>George</i>
+for <i>England</i>!</p>
+
+<p>When all things were prepared, and every man
+resolved, as knowing what hee had to doe, and the
+houre when it should happen, to be two in the afternoone,
+<i>Rawlins</i> advised the Master Gunner to
+speake to the Captaine, that the Souldiers might attend
+on the Poope, which would bring the ship
+after: to which the Captaine was very willing, and
+upon the Gunners information, the Souldiers gat
+themselves to the Poope, to the number of twentie,
+and five or sixe went into the Captaines Cabbin,
+where always lay divers Curtleaxes, and some Targets,
+and so wee fell to worke to pumpe the water,
+and carryed the matter fairely till the next day,
+which was spent as the former, being the ninth of
+February, and as God must have the prayse, the
+triumph of our victorie.</p>
+
+<p>For by that time all things were prepared, and the
+Souldiers got upon the Poope as the day before:
+to avoid suspition, all that did belong to the Gunner-roome
+went downe, and the slaves in the middle
+decke attended their business, so that we could cast
+up our account in this manner. First, nine <i>English</i>
+slaves, besides <i>Iohn Rawlins</i>: five of the <i>Tor Bay</i>
+men, and one boy, foure <i>English</i> Renegadoes, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>
+two <i>French</i>, foure <i>Hollanders</i>: in all four and
+twenty and a boy: so that lifting up our hearts and
+hands to God for the successe of the businesse, we
+were wonderfully incouraged; and setled our selves,
+till the report of the peece gave us warning of the
+enterprise. Now, you must consider, that in this
+company were two of <i>Rawlins</i> men, <i>Iames Roe</i>, and
+<i>Iohn Davies</i>, whom he brought out of <i>England</i>, and
+whom the fortune of the Sea brought into the same
+predicament with their Master. These were imployed
+about noone (being as I said, the ninth of
+February) to prepare their matches, while all the
+<i>Turkes</i> or at least most of them stood on the
+Poope, to weigh down the ship as it were, to bring
+the water forward to the Pumpe: the one brought
+his match lighted betweene two spoons, the other
+brought his in a little peece of a Can: and so in the
+name of God, the <i>Turkes</i> and <i>Moores</i> being placed
+as you have heard, and five and forty in number,
+and <i>Rawlins</i> having proined the Tuch-holes, <i>Iames
+Roe</i> gave fire to one of the peeces, about two of the
+clocke in the afternoone, and the confederates upon
+the warning, shouted most cheerefully: the report
+of the peece did teare and breake down all the
+Binnacle, and compasses, and the noise of the slaves
+made all the Souldiers amased at the matter, till
+seeing the quarter of the ship rent, and feeling the
+whole body to shake under them: understanding the
+ship was surprised, and the attempt tended to their
+utter destruction, never Beare robbed of her whelpes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>
+was so fell and mad: For they not onely cald us
+dogs, and cried out, <i>Usance de Lamair</i>, which is
+as much to say, the Fortune of the wars: but attempted
+to teare up the planckes, setting a worke
+hammers, hatchets, knives, the oares of the Boate,
+the Boat-hooke, their curtleaxes, and what else
+came to hand, besides stones and brickes in the
+Cooke-roome, all which they threw amongst us, attempting
+still and still to breake and rip up the
+hatches, and boords of the steering, not desisting
+from their former execrations, and horrible blasphemies
+and revilings.</p>
+
+<p>When <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> perceived them so violent,
+and understood how the slaves had cleared the
+deckes of all the <i>Turkes</i> and <i>Moores</i> beneath, he
+set a guard upon the Powder, and charged their
+owne Muskets against them, killing them from
+divers scout-holes, both before and behind, and so
+lessened their number, to the ioy of all our hearts,
+whereupon they cried out, and called for the Pilot,
+and so <i>Rawlins</i>, with some to guard him, went to
+them, and understood them by their kneeling, that
+they cried for mercy, and to have their lives saved,
+and they would come downe, which he bade them
+doe, and so they were taken one by one, and bound,
+yea killed with their owne Curtleaxes; which when
+the rest perceived, they called us <i>English</i> dogs, and
+reviled us with many opprobrious termes, some
+leaping over-boord, crying, it was the chance of
+war; some were manacled, and so throwne over-boord,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span>
+and some were slaine and mangled with the
+Curtleaxes, till the ship was well cleared, and our
+selves assured of the victory.</p>
+
+<p>At the first report of our Peece, and hurliburly
+in the decks, the Captaine was a writing in his Cabbin,
+and hearing the noyse, thought it some strange
+accident, and so came out with his Curtleaxe in his
+hand, presuming by his authority to pacifie the mischiefe:
+But when hee cast his eyes upon us, and saw
+that we were like to surprise the ship, he threw
+downe his Curtleaxe, and begged us to save his life,
+intimating unto <i>Rawlins</i>, how he had redeemed him
+from <i>Villa-Rise</i>, and ever since admitted him to place
+of command in the ship, besides honest usage in the
+whole course of the Voyage. All which <i>Rawlins</i>
+confessed, and at last condescended to mercy, and
+brought the Captaine and five more into <i>England</i>.
+The Captain was called <i>Ramtham-Rise</i>, but his
+Christen name, <i>Henry Chandler</i>, and as they say,
+was a Chandler's sonne in Southwarke. <i>Iohn Goodale</i>,
+was also an <i>English Turke</i>. <i>Richard Clarke</i>, in
+<i>Turkish</i>, <i>Iafar</i>; <i>George Cooke</i>, <i>Ramdam</i>; <i>Iohn
+Browne</i>, <i>Mamme</i>; <i>William Winter</i>, <i>Mustapha</i>; besides
+all the slaves and <i>Hollanders</i>, with other
+Renegadoes, who were willing to be reconciled to
+their true Saviour, as being formerly seduced with
+the hopes of riches, honour, preferment, and such
+like devillish baits, to catch the soules of mortall
+men, and entangle frailty in the fetters of horrible
+abuses, and imposturing deceit.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When all was done, and the ship cleared of the
+dead bodies, <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> assembled his men together,
+and with one consent gave the praise unto
+God, using the accustomed service on ship-boord,
+and for want of bookes lifted up their voyces to
+God, as he put into their hearts, or renewed their
+memories: then did they sing a Psalme, and last of
+all, embraced one another for playing the men in
+such a Deliverance, whereby our feare was turned
+into joy, and trembling hearts exhillirated, that we
+had escaped such inevitable dangers, and especially
+the slavery and terror of bondage, worse than death
+it selfe. The same night we washed our ship, put
+every thing in as good order as we could, repaired
+the broken quarter, set up the Binnacle, and bore up
+the Helme for <i>England</i>, where by Gods grace and
+good guiding, we arrived at <i>Plimmoth</i>, the thirteenth
+of February, and were welcommed like the
+recovery of the lost sheepe, or as you read of a loving
+mother, that runneth with embraces to entertaine
+her sonne from a long Voyage and escape of many
+dangers.</p>
+
+<p>Not long after we understood of our confederats,
+that returned home in the Barke of <i>Torbay</i>,
+that they arrived in <i>Pensance</i> in <i>Corne-wall</i> the
+eleventh of February: and if any aske after their
+deliverance, considering there were ten <i>Turkes</i> sent
+to man her, I will tell you that too: the next day
+after they lost us, as you have heard and that the
+three Renegadoes had acquainted the Masters<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span>
+Mate, and the two <i>English</i> in her with <i>Rawlins</i> determination,
+and that they themselves would be true
+to them, and assist them in any enterprise: then
+if the worst came, there were but seven to sixe: but
+as it fell out, they had a more easie passage, then
+turmoile, or man-slaughter. For they made the
+<i>Turkes</i> beleeve, the wind was come faire, and that
+they were sayling to <i>Algier</i>, till they came within
+sight of <i>England</i>, which one of them amongst the
+rest discovered, saying plainely, that that land was
+not like <i>Cape Vincent</i>; "yes faith," said he, that was
+at the Helme, "and you will be contented, and goe
+downe into the hold, and trim the salt over to wind-ward,
+whereby the ship may beare full saile, you shall
+know and see more to morrow": Whereupon five of
+them went downe very orderly, the Renegadoes
+faining themselves asleep, who presently start up,
+and with the helpe of the two <i>English</i>, nailed downe
+the hatches, whereat the principall amongst them
+much repined, and began to grow into choller and
+rage, had it not quickly beene suppressed. For one
+of them stepped to him, and dasht out his braines,
+and threw him over-boord: the rest were brought
+to <i>Excester</i>, and either to be arraigned, according
+to the punishment of delinquents in such a kind, or
+disposed of, as the King and Counsell shall thinke
+meet and this is the story of this deliverance, and
+end of <i>Iohn Rawlins</i> Voyage. The Actors in this
+Comick Tragedie are most of them alive; The
+<i>Turkes</i> are in prison; the ship is to be seene, and
+<i>Rawlins</i> himselfe dare justifie the matter.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> From <i>Purchas, His Pilgrims</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Bristol.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>THE DAUGHTER OF THE GREAT
+MOGUL<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Daniel Defoe</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">In</span> this time I pursued my voyage, coasted the
+whole Malabar shore, and met with no purchase
+but a great Portugal East India ship, which I
+chased into Goa, where she got out of my reach.
+I took several small vessels and barks, but little of
+value in them, till I entered the great Bay of Bengal,
+when I began to look about me with more expectation
+of success, though without prospect of
+what happened.</p>
+
+<p>I cruised here about two months, finding nothing
+worth while; so I stood away to a port on the
+north point of the isle of Sumatra, where I made
+no stay; for here I got news that two large ships
+belonging to the Great Mogul were expected to
+cross the bay from Hoogly, in the Ganges, to the
+country of the King of Pegu, being to carry the
+granddaughter of the Great Mogul to Pegu, who
+was to be married to the king of that country, with
+all her retinue, jewels, and wealth.</p>
+
+<p>This was a booty worth watching for, though it
+had been some months longer; so I resolved that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>
+we would go and cruise off Point Negaris, on the
+east side of the bay, near Diamond Isle; and here
+we plied off and on for three weeks, and began to
+despair of success; but the knowledge of the booty
+we expected spurred us on, and we waited with
+great patience, for we knew the prize would be immensely
+rich.</p>
+
+<p>At length we spied three ships coming right up
+to us with the wind. We could easily see they were
+not Europeans by their sails, and began to prepare
+ourselves for a prize, not for a fight; but were a
+little disappointed when we found the first ship full
+of guns and full of soldiers, and in condition, had
+she been managed by English sailors, to have fought
+two such ships as ours were. However, we resolved
+to attack her if she had been full of devils as
+she was full of men.</p>
+
+<p>Accordingly, when we came near them, we fired a
+gun with shot as a challenge. They fired again immediately
+three or four guns, but fired them so confusedly
+that we could easily see they did not understand
+their business; when we considered how to lay
+them on board, and so to come thwart them, if we
+could; but falling, for want of wind, open to them,
+we gave them a fair broadside. We could easily
+see, by the confusion that was on board, that they
+were frightened out of their wits; they fired here a
+gun and there a gun, and some on that side that was
+from us, as well as those that were next to us. The
+next thing we did was to lay them on board, which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>
+we did presently, and then gave them a volley of
+our small shot, which, as they stood so thick, killed
+a great many of them, and made all the rest run
+down under their hatches, crying out like creatures
+bewitched. In a word, we presently took the ship,
+and having secured her men, we chased the other
+two. One was chiefly filled with women, and the
+other with lumber. Upon the whole, as the granddaughter
+of the Great Mogul was our prize in the
+first ship, so in the second was her women, or, in a
+word, her household, her eunuchs, all the necessaries
+of her wardrobe, of her stables, and of her kitchen;
+and in the last, great quantities of household stuff,
+and things less costly, though not less useful.</p>
+
+<p>But the first was the main prize. When my men
+had entered and mastered the ship, one of our lieutenants
+called for me, and accordingly I jumped on
+board. He told me he thought nobody but I ought
+to go into the great cabin, or, at least, nobody should
+go there before me; for that the lady herself and
+all her attendance was there, and he feared the men
+were so heated they would murder them all, or do
+worse.</p>
+
+<p>I immediately went to the great cabin door, taking
+the lieutenant that called me along with me, and
+caused the cabin door to be opened. But such a
+sight of glory and misery was never seen by buccaneer
+before. The queen (for such she was to
+have been) was all in gold and silver, but frightened
+and crying, and, at the sight of me, she appeared<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span>
+trembling, and just as if she was going to die. She
+sat on the side of a kind of a bed like a couch, with
+no canopy over it, or any covering; only made to lie
+down upon. She was, in a manner, covered with
+diamonds, and I, like a true pirate, soon let her see
+that I had more mind to the jewels than to the lady.</p>
+
+<p>However, before I touched her, I ordered the
+lieutenant to place a guard at the cabin door, and
+fastening the door, shut us both in, which he did.
+The lady was young, and, I suppose, in their country
+esteem, very handsome, but she was not very much
+so in my thoughts. At first, her fright, and the
+danger she thought she was in of being killed,
+taught her to do everything that she thought might
+interpose between her and danger, and that was to
+take off her jewels as fast as she could, and give
+them to me; and I, without any great compliment,
+took them as fast as she gave them me, and put
+them into my pocket, taking no great notice of
+them or of her, which frighted her worse than all
+the rest, and she said something which I could not
+understand. However, two of the other ladies
+came, all crying, and kneeled down to me with their
+hands lifted up. What they meant, I knew not at
+first; but by their gestures and pointings I
+found at last it was to beg the young queen's life,
+and that I would not kill her.</p>
+
+<p>When the three ladies kneeled down to me, and
+as soon as I understood what it was for, I let
+them know I would not hurt the queen, nor let any<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span>
+one else hurt her, but that she must give me all her
+jewels and money. Upon this they acquainted her
+that I would save her life; and no sooner had they
+assured her of that but she got up smiling, and went
+to a fine Indian cabinet, and opened a private
+drawer, from whence she took another little thing
+full of little square drawers and holes. This she
+brings to me in her hand, and offered to kneel down
+to give it me. This innocent usage began to rouse
+some good-nature in me (though I never had
+much), and I would not let her kneel; but sitting
+down myself on the side of her couch or bed, made
+a motion to her to sit down too. But here she was
+frightened again, it seems, at what I had no thought
+of. But as I did not offer anything of that kind,
+only made her sit down by me, they began all to be
+easier after some time, and she gave me the little
+box or casket, I know not what to call it, but it was
+full of invaluable jewels. I have them still in my
+keeping, and wish they were safe in England; for I
+doubt not but some of them are fit to be placed on
+the king's crown.</p>
+
+<p>Being master of this treasure, I was very willing
+to be good-humored to the persons; so I went out of
+the cabin, and caused the women to be left alone,
+causing the guard to be kept still, that they might
+receive no more injury than I would do them myself.</p>
+
+<p>After I had been out of the cabin some time, a
+slave of the women's came to me, and made sign to
+me that the queen would speak with me again. I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span>
+made signs back that I would come and dine with
+her majesty; and accordingly I ordered that her
+servants should prepare her dinner, and carry it in,
+and then call me. They provided her repast after
+the usual manner, and when she saw it brought in
+she appeared pleased, and more when she saw me
+come in after it; for she was exceedingly pleased
+that I had caused a guard to keep the rest of my
+men from her; and she had, it seems, been told
+how rude they had been to some of the women that
+belonged to her.</p>
+
+<p>When I came in, she rose up, and paid me such
+respect as I did not well know how to receive, and
+not in the least how to return. If she had understood
+English, I could have said plainly, and in good
+rough words, "Madam, be easy; we are rude, rough-hewn
+fellows, but none of our men should hurt
+you, or touch you; I will be your guard and protection;
+we are for money indeed, and we shall take
+what you have, but we will do you no other harm."
+But as I could not talk thus to her, I scarce knew
+what to say; but I sat down, and made signs to have
+her sit down and eat, which she did, but with so
+much ceremony that I did not know well what to
+do with it.</p>
+
+<p>After we had eaten, she rose up again, and drinking
+some water out of a china cup, sat her down on
+the side of the couch as before. When she saw I
+had done eating, she went then to another cabinet,
+and pulling out a drawer, she brought it to me; it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>
+was full of small pieces of gold coin of Pegu, about
+as big as an English half-guinea, and I think there
+were three thousand of them. She opened several
+other drawers, and showed me the wealth that was
+in them, and then gave me the key of the whole.</p>
+
+<p>We had revelled thus all day, and part of the
+next day, in a bottomless sea of riches, when my
+lieutenant began to tell me, we must consider what
+to do with our prisoners and the ships, for that
+there was no subsisting in that manner. Upon this
+we called a short council, and concluded to carry
+the great ship away with us, but to put all the prisoners&mdash;queen,
+ladies, and all the rest&mdash;into the lesser
+vessels, and let them go; and so far was I from
+ravishing this lady, as I hear is reported of me, that
+though I might rifle her of everything else, yet, I assure
+you, I let her go untouched for me, or, as I am
+satisfied, for any one of my men; nay, when we
+dismissed them, we gave her leave to take a great
+many things of value with her, which she would
+have been plundered of if I had not been so careful
+of her.</p>
+
+<p>We had now wealth enough not only to make
+us rich, but almost to have made a nation rich; and
+to tell you the truth, considering the costly things
+we took here, which we did not know the value of,
+and besides gold and silver and jewels,&mdash;I say, we
+never knew how rich we were; besides which we had
+a great quantity of bales of goods, as well calicoes
+as wrought silks, which, being for sale, were perhaps<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span>
+as a cargo of goods to answer the bills which might
+be drawn upon them for the account of the bride's
+portion; all which fell into our hands, with a great
+sum in silver coin, too big to talk of among Englishmen,
+especially while I am living, for reasons
+which I may give you hereafter.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> From <i>The King of the Pirates</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>BARBAROSSA&mdash;KING OF THE CORSAIRS<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">E. Hamilton Currey, R.N.</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">At</span> the coming of spring Barbarossa was at sea
+again with thirty-two ships ready for any
+eventuality, his crews aflame with ardor for
+revenge against those by whom they had been so
+roughly handled. He chose for the scene of operations
+a place on the coast of Majorca some fifteen
+miles from Palma; from here he commanded the
+route of the Spaniards from their country to the
+African coast, and it was against this nation that
+he felt a great bitterness owing to recent events.
+Eagerly did the corsair and his men watch for the
+Spanish ships, the heavier vessels lying at anchor,
+but the light, swift galleys ranging and questing afar
+so that none might be missed. Very soon the vigilance
+of the Moslems was rewarded by the capture
+of a number of vessels, sent by Bernard de Mendoza
+laden with Turkish and Moorish slaves, destined to
+be utilized as rowers in the Spanish galleys. These
+men were hailed as a welcome reinforcement, and
+joyfully joined the forces of Kheyr-ed-Din when he
+moved on Minorca, captured the castle by a surprise
+assault, raided the surrounding country, and captured<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span>
+five thousand seven hundred Christians,
+amongst whom were eight hundred men who had
+been wounded in the attack on Tunis&mdash;all these unfortunates
+were sent to refill the bagnio of Algiers.</p>
+
+<p>This private war of revenge was, however, destined
+soon to come to an end, as Soliman the Magnificent
+in this year became involved in disputes with
+the Venetian Republic, and recalled "that veritable
+man of the sea," as Barbarossa had been described
+by Ibrahim, to Constantinople.</p>
+
+<p>In this city by the sea there had taken place a
+tragedy which, although it only involved the death
+of a single man, was nevertheless far-reaching in
+its consequences; for the man was none other than
+that great statesman Ibrahim, Grand Vizier, and
+the only trusted counsellor of the Padishah. He
+who had been originally a slave had risen step by
+step in the favor of his master until he arrived
+at the giddy eminence which he occupied at the time
+of his death. It is a somewhat curious commentary
+on the essentially democratic status of an autocracy
+that a man could thus rise to a position second only
+to that of the autocrat himself; and, in all probability,
+wielding quite as much power.</p>
+
+<p>Ibrahim had for years been treated by Soliman
+more as a brother than as a dependent, which, in
+spite of his Grand Viziership, he was in fact. They
+lived in the very closest communion, taking their
+meals together, and even sleeping in the same room,
+Soliman, a man of high intelligence himself, and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span>
+ruler who kept in touch with all the happenings
+which arose in his immense dominions, desiring always
+to have at hand the man whom he loved; from
+whom, with his amazing grip of political problems
+and endless fertility of resource, he was certain of
+sympathy and sound advice. But in an oriental despotism
+there are other forces at work besides those
+of <i>la haute politique</i>, and Ibrahim had one deadly
+enemy who was sworn to compass his destruction.
+The Sultana Roxalana was the light of the harem
+of the Grand Turk. This supremely beautiful
+woman, originally a Russian slave, was the object of
+the most passionate devotion on the part of Soliman;
+but she was as ambitious as she was lovely,
+and brooked no rival in the affections of Soliman,
+be that person man, woman, or child. In her hands
+the master of millions, the despot whose nod was
+death, became a submissive slave; the undisciplined
+passions of this headstrong woman swept aside from
+her path all those whom she suspected of sharing
+her influence, in no matter how remote a fashion.
+At her dictation had Soliman caused to be murdered
+his son Mustafa, a youth of the brightest promise,
+because, in his intelligence and his winning ways he
+threatened to eclipse Selim, the son of Roxalana
+herself.</p>
+
+<p>This woman possessed a strong natural intelligence,
+albeit she was totally uneducated; she saw
+and knew that Ibrahim was all-powerful with her
+lover, and this roused her jealousy to fever-heat.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span>
+She was not possessed of a cool judgment, which
+would have told her that Ibrahim was a statesman
+dealing with the external affairs of the Sublime
+Porte, and that with her and with her affairs he
+neither desired, nor had he the power, to interfere.
+What, however, the Sultana did know was that in
+these same affairs of State her opinion was dust in
+the balance when weighed against that of the Grand
+Vizier.</p>
+
+<p>Soliman had that true attribute of supreme greatness,
+the unerring aptitude for the choice of the
+right man. He had picked out Ibrahim from among
+his immense entourage, and never once had he regretted
+his choice. As time went on and the intellect
+and power of the man became more and more
+revealed to his master, that sovereign left in his
+hands even such matters as despots are apt to guard
+most jealously. We have seen how, in spite of the
+murmurings of the whole of his capital, and the almost
+insubordinate attitude of his navy, he had persevered
+in the appointment of Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa,
+because the judgment of Ibrahim was in favor
+of its being carried out. This, to Roxalana,
+was gall and wormwood; well she knew that, as long
+as the Grand Vizier lived, her sovereignty was at
+best but a divided one. There was a point at which
+her blandishments stopped short; this was when she
+found that her opinion did not coincide with that of
+the minister. She was, as we have seen in the instance<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span>
+of her son, not a woman to stick at trifles, and
+she decided that Ibrahim must die.</p>
+
+<p>There could be no hole-and-corner business about
+this; he must die, and when his murder had been accomplished
+she would boldly avow to her lover
+what she had done and take the consequences, believing
+in her power over him to come scatheless
+out of the adventure. In those days, when human
+life was so cheap, she might have asked for the
+death of almost any one, and her whim would have
+been gratified by a lover who had not hesitated to
+put to death his own son at her dictation. But with
+Ibrahim it was another matter; he was the familiar
+of the Sultan, his <i>alter ego</i> in fact. It says much for
+the nerve of the Sultana that she dared so greatly
+on this memorable and lamentable occasion.</p>
+
+<p>On March 5th, 1536, Ibrahim went to the royal
+seraglio, and, following his ancient custom, was admitted
+to the table of his master, sleeping after the
+meal at his side. At least so it was supposed, but
+none knew save those engaged in the murder what
+passed on that fatal night; the next day his dead
+body lay in the house of the Sultan.</p>
+
+<p>Across the floor of jasper, in that palace which
+was a fitting residence for one rightly known as
+"The Magnificent," the blood of Ibrahim flowed to
+the feet of Roxalana. The disordered clothing, the
+terrible expression of the face of the dead man, the
+gaping wounds which he had received, bore witness
+that there had taken place a grim struggle before<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span>
+that iron frame and splendid intellect had been
+leveled with the dust. This much leaked out afterwards,
+as such things will leak out, and then the
+Sultana took Soliman into her chamber and gazed
+up into his eyes. The man was stunned by the immensity
+of the calamity which had befallen him and
+his kingdom, but his manhood availed him not
+against the wiles of this Circe. Ibrahim had been
+foully done to death in his own palace, and this
+woman clinging so lovingly round his neck now was
+the murderess. The heart's blood of his best friend
+was coagulating on the threshold of his own apartment
+when he forgave her by whom his murder had
+been accomplished. This was the vengeance of
+Roxalana, and who shall say that it was not complete?</p>
+
+<p>The Ottoman Empire was the poorer by the loss
+of its greatest man, the jealousy of the Sultana was
+assuaged, the despot who had permitted this unavenged
+murder was still on the throne, thrall to the
+woman who had first murdered his son and then his
+friend and minister. But the deed carried with it
+the evil consequences which were only too likely to
+occur when so capable a head of the State was removed
+at so critical a time. Renewed strife was in
+the air, and endless squabbles between Venice and
+the Porte were taking place. With these we have
+no concern, but, in addition to other complaints,
+there were loud and continuous ones concerning the
+corsairs. Venice, "The Bride of the Sea," had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span>
+neither rest nor peace; the pirates swarmed in
+Corfu, in Zante, in Candia, in Cephalonia, and the
+plunder and murder of the subjects of the Republic
+was the theme of the perpetual representations to
+the Sultan. The balance of advantage in this guerilla
+warfare was with the corsairs until Girolame
+Canale, a Venetian captain, seized one of the Moslem
+leaders known as "The Young Moor of Alexandria."
+The victory of Canale was somewhat an
+important one as he captured the galley of "The
+Young Moor" and four others; two more were sunk,
+and three hundred Janissaries and one thousand
+slaves fell into the hands of the Venetian commander.
+There being an absence of nice feeling on the
+part of the Venetians, the Janissaries were at once
+beheaded to a man.</p>
+
+<p>The whole story is an illustration of the extraordinary
+relations existing among the Mediterranean
+States at this time. Soliman the Magnificent, Sultan
+of Turkey, had lent three hundred of his Janissaries,
+his own picked troops, to assist the corsairs
+in their depredations on Venetian commerce. Having
+done this, and the Janissaries having been caught
+and summarily and rightly put to death as pirates,
+the Sultan, as soon as he heard of what had occurred,
+sent an ambassador, one Yonis Bey, to Venice
+to demand satisfaction for the insult passed upon
+him by the beheading of his own soldiers turned pirates.
+The conclusion of the affair was that the
+Venetians released "The Young Moor of Alexandria"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span>
+as soon as he was cured of the eight wounds
+which he had received in the conflict, and sent him
+back to Africa with such of his galleys as were left.
+There was one rather comical incident in connection
+with this affair, which was that when Yonis Bey
+was on his way from Constantinople to Venice he
+was chased by a Venetian fleet, under the command
+of the Count Grandenico, and driven ashore. The
+Count was profuse in his apologies when he discovered
+that he had been chasing a live ambassador;
+but the occurrence so exasperated Soliman that
+he increased his demands in consequence.</p>
+
+<p>Barbarossa, who had spent his time harrying the
+Spaniards at sea ever since the fall of Tunis, was
+shortly to appear on the scene again. He received
+orders from the Sultan, and came as fast as a favoring
+wind would bring him. Kheyr-ed-Din had
+been doing well in the matter of slaves and plunder,
+but he knew that, with the backing of the Grand
+Turk, he would once again be in command of a
+fleet in which he might repeat his triumph of past
+years, and prove himself once more the indispensable
+"man of the sea."</p>
+
+<p>Soon after his arrival his ambitions were gratified,
+and he found himself with a fleet of one hundred
+ships. Since the death of Ibrahim, and the incident
+which terminated with the dispatch of Yonis
+Bey to Venice, the relations between the Grand
+Turk and the Venetian Republic had become steadily
+worse, and at last the Sultan declared war. On<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span>
+May 17th, 1537, Soliman, accompanied by his two
+sons, Selim and Mohammed, left Constantinople.
+With the campaign conducted by the Sultan we are
+not concerned here; it was directed against the
+Ionian Islands, which had been in the possession of
+Venice since 1401. On August 18th Soliman laid
+siege to Corfu, and was disastrously beaten, re-embarking
+his men on September 7th, after losing
+thousands in a fruitless attack on the fortress. He
+returned to Constantinople utterly discomfited. It
+was the seventh campaign which the Sultan had conducted
+in person, but the first in which the ever-faithful
+Ibrahim had not been by his side.</p>
+
+<p>This defeat at the hands of the Venetians was
+not, however, the only humiliation which he was
+destined to experience in this disastrous year; for
+once again Doria, that scourge of the Moslem, was
+loose upon the seas, and was making his presence felt
+in the immediate neighborhood of Corfu, where
+the Turks had been defeated. On July 17th Andrea
+had left the port of Messina with twenty-five galleys,
+had captured ten richly laden Turkish ships,
+gutted and burned them. Kheyr-ed-Din was at sea
+at the time, but the great rivals were not destined
+to meet on this occasion. Instead of Barbarossa,
+Andrea fell in with Ali-Chabelli, the lieutenant of
+Sandjak Bey of Gallipoli. On July 22nd the Genoese
+admiral and the Turkish commander from the
+Dardanelles met to the southward of Corfu, off the
+small island of Paxo, and a smart action ensued. It<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span>
+ended in the defeat of Ali-Chabelli, whose galleys
+were captured and towed by Doria into Paxo. That
+veteran fighter was himself in the thickest of the
+fray, and, conspicuous in his crimson doublet, had
+been an object of attention to the marksmen of Chabelli
+during the entire action. In spite of the receipt
+of a severe wound in the knee, the admiral refused
+to go below until victory was assured. He
+was surrounded at this time by a devoted band of
+nobles sworn to defend the person of their admiral
+or to die in his defense. His portrait has been
+sketched for us at this time by the Dominican Friar,
+Padre Alberto Guglielmotto, author of "La guerra
+dei Pirati e la marina Pontifica dal 1500 al 1560."
+The description runs thus: "Andrea Doria was of
+lofty stature, his face oval in shape, forehead broad
+and commanding, his neck was powerful, his hair
+short, his beard long and fan-shaped, his lips were
+thin, his eyes bright and piercing."</p>
+
+<p>Once again had he defeated an officer of the
+Grand Turk; and it may be remarked that Ibrahim
+was probably quite right in the estimation, or rather
+in the lack of estimation, in which he held the sea-officers
+of his master, as they seem to have been
+deficient in every quality save that of personal
+valor, and in their encounters with Doria and the
+knights were almost invariably worsted. For the
+sake of Islam, for the prestige of the Moslem arms
+at sea, it was time that Barbarossa should take matters
+in hand once more.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The autumn of this year 1537 proved that the
+old Sea-wolf had lost none of his cunning, that his
+followers were as terrible as ever. What did it
+seem to matter that Venetian and Catalan, Genoese
+and Frenchman, Andalusian and the dwellers in the
+Archipelago, were all banded together in league
+against this common foe? Did not the redoubtable
+Andrea range the seas in vain, and were not all the
+efforts of the Knights of Saint John futile, when the
+son of the renegado from Mitylene and his Christian
+wife put forth from the Golden Horn? What
+was the magic of this man, it was asked despairingly,
+that none seemed able to prevail against him? Had
+it not been currently reported that Carlos Quinto,
+the great Emperor, had driven him forth from Tunis
+a hunted fugitive, broken and penniless, with
+never a galley left, without one ducat in his pocket?
+Was he so different, then, from all the rest of mankind
+that his followers would stick to him in evil
+report as well as in the height of his prosperity?
+Men swore and women crossed themselves at the
+mention of his name.</p>
+
+<p>"Terrible as an army with banners," indeed, was
+Kheyr-ed-Din in this eventful summer: things had
+gone badly with the crescent flag, the Padishah was
+unapproachable in his palace, brooding perchance
+on that "might have been" had he not sold his
+honor and the life of his only friend to gratify the
+malice of a she-devil; those in attendance on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span>
+Sultan trembled, for the humor of the despot
+was black indeed.</p>
+
+<p>But "the veritable man of the sea" was in some
+sort to console him for that which he had lost; as
+never in his own history&mdash;and there was none else
+with which it could be compared&mdash;had the Corsair
+King made so fruitful a raid. He ravaged the coasts
+of the Adriatic and the islands of the Archipelago,
+sweeping in slaves by the thousand, and by the end
+of the year he had collected eighteen thousand in the
+arsenal at Stamboul. Great was the jubilation in
+Constantinople when the Admiralissimo himself returned
+from his last expedition against the infidel;
+stilled were the voices which hinted disaffection&mdash;who
+among them all could bring back four hundred
+thousand pieces of gold? What mariner could offer
+to the Grand Turk such varied and magnificent
+presents?</p>
+
+<p>Upon his arrival Barbarossa asked permission to
+kiss the threshold of the palace of the Sultan, which
+boon being graciously accorded to him, he made his
+triumphal entry. Two hundred captives clad in
+scarlet robes carried cups of gold and flasks of silver;
+behind them came thirty others, each staggering
+under an enormous purse of sequins; yet another
+two hundred brought collars of precious stones or
+bales of the choicest goods; and a further two hundred
+were laden with sacks of small coin. Certainly
+if Soliman the Magnificent had lost a Grand
+Vizier he had succeeded in finding an admiral!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>All through the earlier months of 1538 the dockyards
+of Constantinople hummed with a furious
+activity, for Soliman had decreed that the maritime
+campaign of this year was to begin with no less
+than one hundred and fifty ships. His admiral,
+however, did not agree with this decision; to the
+Viziers he raged and stormed. "Listen," he said,
+"O men of the land who understand naught of the
+happenings of the sea. By this time Saleh-Reis must
+have quitted Alexandria convoying to the Bosphorus
+twenty sail filled with the richest merchandise;
+should he fall in with the accursed Genoese, Doria,
+where then will be Saleh-Reis and his galleys and
+his convoy? I will tell you: the ships in Genoa,
+the galleys burned, Saleh-Reis and all his mariners
+chained to the rowers' bench."</p>
+
+<p>The Viziers trembled as men did when Barbarossa
+stormed and turned upon them those terrible
+eyes which knew neither fear nor pity. "We be
+but men," they answered, "and our lord the Sultan
+has so ordained it."</p>
+
+<p>"I have forty galleys," replied the corsair; "you
+have forty more. With these I will take the sea;
+but, mark you," he continued, softening somewhat,
+"you do right to fear the displeasure of the Sultan,
+and I also have no wish to encounter it; but vessels
+raised and equipped in a hurry will be of small use
+to me. In the name of Allah the compassionate
+and his holy Prophet give me my eighty galleys and
+let me go."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa sound strategical
+instinct went hand in hand with the desperate valor
+of the corsair. To dally in the Golden Horn
+while so rich a prey was at sea to be picked up by
+his Christian foes was altogether opposed to his instincts:
+never to throw away a chance in the game
+of life had ever been his guiding principle.</p>
+
+<p>Soliman, great man as he undoubtedly was, had
+not the adamantine hardness of character which
+enabled his admiral to risk all on the hazards of the
+moment; or possibly the Grand Turk was deficient
+in that clearness of strategical instinct which never
+in any circumstances foregoes a present advantage
+for something which may turn out well in a problematical
+future. Soliman, sore, sullen, and unapproachable,
+dwelt in his palace brooding over the
+misfortunes which had been his lot since the death
+of Ibrahim. Barbarossa, who so recently had lost
+practically all that he possessed, and who had
+reached an age at which most men have no hopes
+for the future, was as clear in intellect, as undaunted
+in spirit, as if he had been half a century
+younger: to be even once more with those by whom
+he had been defeated and dispossessed was the only
+thing now in his mind. The capture of Saleh-Reis
+and his convoy would be a triumph of which he could
+not bear to think. Further, it would add to the demoralization
+of the sea forces of the Sultan, which
+were sadly in need of some striking success after
+the defeats which had so recently been their portion.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span>
+The Sultan had decided that one hundred and
+fifty ships were necessary; his admiral thought otherwise.
+There was too much at stake for him to dally
+at Constantinople; his fiery energy swept all before
+it, and in the end he had his way. On June 7th,
+1538, he finally triumphed over the hesitations of
+the Viziers and put to sea with eighty sail.</p>
+
+<p>The Sultan, from his kiosk, the windows of which
+opened on the Bosphorus, counted the ships.</p>
+
+<p>"Only eighty sail; is that all?" he asked.</p>
+
+<p>The trembling Viziers prostrated themselves before
+him.</p>
+
+<p>"O our Lord, the Padishah," they cried, "Saleh-Reis
+comes from Alexandria with a rich convoy;
+somewhere lurking is Andrea Doria, the accursed;
+it was necessary, O Magnificent, to send succor."</p>
+
+<p>There was a pause, in which the hearts of men
+beat as do those who know not but that the next
+moment may be their last on earth.</p>
+
+<p>The Sultan stared from his window at the retreating
+ships in a silence like the silence of the
+grave. At last he turned:</p>
+
+<p>"So be it," he answered briefly; "but see to it
+that reinforcements do not lag upon the road."</p>
+
+<p>If there had been activity in the dockyards before
+it was as nothing to the strenuous work that was
+to be done henceforward.</p>
+
+<p>Before starting on this expedition Kheyr-ed-Din
+had made an innovation in the manning of some
+of the most powerful of his galleys, which was of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span>
+the utmost importance, and which was to add enormously
+to the success of his future maritime enterprises.
+The custom had always been that the Ottoman
+galleys had been rowed by Christians, captured
+and enslaved; of course the converse was true
+in the galleys of their foes. There were, for the
+size of the vessels, an enormous number of men carried
+in the galleys of the sixteenth century, and an
+average craft of this description would have on
+board some four hundred men; of these, however,
+the proportion would be two hundred and fifty slaves
+to one hundred and fifty fighting men. That which
+Kheyr-ed-Din now insisted upon was that a certain
+proportion of his most powerful units should be
+rowed by Moslem fighting men, so that on the day
+of battle the oarsmen could join in the fray instead
+of remaining chained to their benches, as was the
+custom with the slaves. It is, however, an extraordinary
+testimony to the influence which the corsair
+had attained in Constantinople that he had been
+able to effect this change in the composition of some
+of his crews; it must have been done with the active
+co&ouml;peration of the Sultan, as no authority less potent
+than that of the sovereign himself could have
+induced free men to undertake the terrible toil of
+rower in a galley. This was reserved for the unfortunate
+slave on either side owing to the intolerable
+hardship of the life, and results, in the pace
+at which a galley proceeded through the water, were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span>
+usually obtained by an unsparing use of the lash
+on the naked bodies of the rowers.</p>
+
+<p>This human material was used up in the most
+prodigal manner possible, as those in command had
+not the inducement of treating the rowers well,
+from that economic standpoint which causes a man
+to so use his beast of burden as to get the best
+work from him. In the galley, when a slave would
+row no more he was flung overboard and another
+was put in his place.</p>
+
+<p>The admiral, however, even when backed by the
+Padishah, could not man a large fleet of galleys
+with Moslem rowers, and, as there was a shortage
+in the matter of propelling power, his first business
+was to collect slaves, and for this purpose he visited
+the islands of the Archipelago. The lot of the unhappy
+inhabitants of these was indeed a hard one.
+They were nearer to the seat of the Moslem power
+than any other Christians; they were in those days
+totally unable to resist an attack in force, and in
+consequence were swept off in their thousands.</p>
+
+<p>Seven islands cover the entrance to the Gulf of
+Volo. The nearest to the coast is Skiathos, which is
+also the most important; it was defended by a
+castle built upon a rock. This castle was attacked
+by Barbarossa, who bombarded it for six days, carried
+it by assault, and massacred the garrison. He
+spared the lives of the inhabitants of the island, and
+by this means secured three thousand four hundred
+rowers for his galleys. He had to provide motor-power<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span>
+for the reinforcements which he expected. In
+July he was reinforced from Constantinople by
+ninety galleys, while from Egypt came Saleh-Reis,
+who had succeeded in avoiding the terrible Doria,
+with twenty more; the fleet was thus complete.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> From <i>Sea Wolves of the Mediterranean</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>MORGAN AT PUERTO BELLO<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">John Esquemeling</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Some</span> may think that the French having deserted
+Captain Morgan, the English alone
+could not have sufficient courage to attempt
+such great actions as before. But Captain Morgan,
+who always communicated vigor with his
+words, infused such spirit into his men, as put them
+instantly upon new designs. He inspired them
+with the belief that the sole execution of his orders
+would be a certain means of obtaining great riches,
+which so influenced their minds, that with inimitable
+courage they all resolved to follow him, as did also a
+certain pirate of Campechy, on this occasion joined
+with Captain Morgan, to seek new fortunes under
+his conduct. Thus Captain Morgan in a few days
+gathered a fleet of nine sail, either ships or great
+boats, wherein he had four hundred and sixty military
+men.</p>
+
+<p>All things being ready, they put forth to sea, Captain
+Morgan imparting his design to nobody at
+present; he only told them on several occasions, that
+he doubted not to make a good fortune by that voyage,
+if strange occurrences happened not. They<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span>
+steered towards the continent, where they arrived
+in a few days near Costa Rica, all their fleet safe.
+No sooner had they discovered land but Captain
+Morgan declared his intentions to the captains, and
+presently after to the company. He told them he intended
+to plunder Puerto Bello by night, being resolved
+to put the whole city to the sack: and to encourage
+them he added, this enterprise could not
+fail, seeing he had kept it secret, without revealing
+it to anybody, whereby they could not have notice
+of his coming. To this proposition some answered,
+they had not a sufficient number of men to assault
+so strong and great a city. But Captain Morgan
+replied, "If our number is small, our hearts are
+great; and the fewer persons we are, the more
+union and better shares we shall have in the spoil."
+Hereupon, being stimulated with the hope of those
+vast riches they promised themselves from their
+success, they unanimously agreed to that design.
+Now, that my reader may better comprehend the
+boldness of this exploit, it may be necessary to say
+something beforehand of the city of Puerto Bello.</p>
+
+<p>This city is in the province of Costa Rica, 10 deg.
+north latitude, fourteen leagues from the gulf of
+Darien, and eight westwards from the port called
+Nombre de Dios. It is judged the strongest place
+the king of Spain possesses in all the West Indies,
+except Havanna and Carthagena. Here are two
+castles almost impregnable, that defend the city, situate
+at the entry of the port, so that no ship or boat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span>
+can pass without permission. The garrison consists
+of three hundred soldiers, and the town is inhabited
+by four hundred families. The merchants
+dwell not here, but only reside a while, when the
+galleons come from or go for Spain, by reason of
+the unhealthiness of the air, occasioned by vapors
+from the mountains; so that though their chief
+warehouses are at Puerto Bello, their habitations
+are at Panama, whence they bring the plate upon
+mules when the fair begins, and when the ships belonging
+to the company of negroes arrive to sell
+slaves.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Morgan, who knew very well all the
+avenues of this city and the neighboring coasts, arrived
+in the evening with his men at Puerto de Naos,
+ten leagues to the west of Puerto Bello. Being
+come hither, they sailed up the river to another harbor
+called Puerto Pontin, where they anchored:
+here they put themselves into boats and canoes, leaving
+in the ships only a few men to bring them next
+day to the port. About midnight they came to a
+place called Estera longa Lemos, where they all
+went on shore and marched by land to the first posts
+of the city. They had in their company an Englishman,
+formerly a prisoner in those parts, who now
+served them for a guide. To him and three or four
+more they gave commission to take the sentinel, if
+possible, or kill him on the place: but they seized
+him so cunningly, as he had no time to give warning
+with his musket, or make any noise, and brought<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span>
+him, with his hands bound, to Captain Morgan, who
+asked him how things went in the city, and what
+forces they had; with other circumstances he desired
+to know. After every question they made him
+a thousand menaces to kill him, if he declared not
+the truth. Then they advanced to the city, carrying
+the said sentinel bound before them: having marched
+about a quarter of a league, they came to the castle
+near the city, which presently they closely surrounded,
+so that no person could get either in or
+out.</p>
+
+<p>Being posted under the walls of the castle, Captain
+Morgan commanded the sentinel, whom they
+had taken prisoner, to speak to those within, charging
+them to surrender to his discretion; otherwise
+they should all be cut in pieces, without quarter.
+But disregarding these threats, they began instantly
+to fire, which alarmed the city; yet notwithstanding,
+though the governor and soldiers of the said
+castle made as great resistance as could be, they
+were forced to surrender. Having taken the castle,
+Morgan resolved to be as good as his word, putting
+the Spaniards to the sword, thereby to strike a terror
+into the rest of the city. Whereupon, having
+shut up all the soldiers and officers as prisoners into
+one room, they set fire to the powder (whereof they
+found great quantity) and blew up the castle into
+the air, with all the Spaniards that were within.
+This done, they pursued the course of their victory,
+falling upon the city, which as yet was not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span>
+ready to receive them. Many of the inhabitants
+cast their precious jewels and money into wells and
+cisterns, or hid them in places underground, to
+avoid as much as possible, being totally robbed.
+One of the party of pirates, assigned to this purpose,
+ran immediately to the cloisters, and took as
+many religious men and women as they could find.
+The governor of the city, not being able to rally
+the citizens, through their great confusion, retired
+to one of the castles remaining, and thence fired incessantly
+at the pirates: but these were not in the
+least negligent either to assault him, or defend
+themselves, so that amidst the horror of the assault,
+they made very few shots in vain; for aiming with
+great dexterity at the mouths of the guns, the Spaniards
+were certain to lose one or two men every
+time they charged each gun anew.</p>
+
+<p>The fight continued very furious from break of
+day till noon; indeed, about this time of the day the
+case was very dubious which party should conquer,
+or be conquered. At last, the pirates perceiving they
+had lost many men, and yet advanced but little
+towards gaining either this, or the other castles,
+made use of fire-balls, which they threw with their
+hands, designing to burn the doors of the castles.
+But the Spaniards from the walls let fall great quantities
+of stones, and earthen pots full of powder, and
+other combustible matter, which forced them to
+desist. Captain Morgan seeing this desperate defence
+made by the Spaniards, began to despair of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span>
+success. Hereupon, many faint and calm meditations
+came into his mind; neither could he determine
+which way to turn himself in that strait. Being thus
+puzzled, he was suddenly animated to continue the
+assault, by seeing the English colors put forth at one
+of the lesser castles, then entered by his men; of
+whom he presently after spied a troop coming to
+meet him, proclaiming victory with loud shouts of
+joy. This instantly put him on new resolutions of
+taking the rest of the castles, especially seeing the
+chiefest citizens were fled to them, and had conveyed
+thither great part of their riches, with all the plate
+belonging to the churches and divine service.</p>
+
+<p>To this effect, he ordered ten or twelve ladders
+to be made in all haste, so broad, that three or
+four men at once might ascend them: these being
+finished, he commanded all the religious men and
+women, whom he had taken prisoners, to fix them
+against the walls of the castle. This he had before
+threatened the governor to do, if he delivered not
+the castle: but his answer was, "he would never surrender
+himself alive." Captain Morgan was persuaded
+the governor would not employ his utmost
+force, on seeing the religious women and ecclesiastical
+persons exposed in the front of the soldiers to
+the greatest danger. Thus the ladders, as I have
+said, were at once put into the hands of religious
+persons of both sexes, and these were forced, at the
+head of the companies, to raise and apply them to
+the walls. But Captain Morgan was fully deceived<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span>
+in his judgment of this design; for the governor,
+who acted like a brave soldier in performance of his
+duty, used his utmost endeavor to destroy whomsoever
+came near the walls. The religious men and
+women ceased not to cry to him, and beg of him, by
+all the saints of heaven, to deliver the castle, and
+spare both his and their own lives; but nothing could
+prevail with his obstinacy and fierceness. Thus many
+of the religious men and nuns were killed before they
+could fix the ladders; which at last being done,
+though with great loss of their number, the pirates
+mounted them in great numbers, and with reckless
+valor, having fire-balls in their hands, and earthen
+pots full of powder; which, being now at the top of
+the walls, they kindled and cast down among the
+Spaniards.</p>
+
+<p>This effort of the pirates was very great, insomuch
+that the Spaniards could not longer resist nor
+defend the castle, which was now entered. Hereupon
+they all threw down their arms, and craved
+quarter for their lives; only the governor of the
+city would crave no mercy, but killed many of the
+pirates with his own hands, and not a few of his
+own soldiers; because they did not stand to their
+arms. And though the pirates asked him if he
+would have quarter; yet he constantly answered,
+"By no means, I had rather die as a valiant soldier,
+than be hanged as a coward." They endeavored as
+much as they could to take him prisoner, but he defended
+himself so obstinately, that they were forced<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span>
+to kill him, notwithstanding all the cries and tears
+of his own wife and daughter, who begged him, on
+their knees, to demand quarter, and save his life.
+When the pirates had possessed themselves of the
+castle, which was about nightfall, they enclosed
+therein all the prisoners, placing the women and men
+by themselves, with some guards. The wounded
+were put in an apartment by themselves, that their
+own complaints might be the cure of their diseases;
+for no other was afforded them.</p>
+
+<p>This done, they fell to eating and drinking, and as
+usual, to committing all manner of debauchery and
+excess, so that fifty courageous men might easily
+have retaken the city, and killed all the pirates.
+Next day, having plundered all they could find,
+they examined some of the prisoners (who had been
+persuaded by their companions to say they were
+the richest of the town), charging them severely
+to discover where they had hid their riches and
+goods. Not being able to extort anything from
+them, they not being the right persons, it was resolved
+to torture them: this they did so cruelly, that
+many of them died on the rack, or presently after.
+Now the president of Panama being advertised of
+the pillage and ruin of Puerto Bello, he employed
+all his care and industry to raise forces to pursue
+and cast out the pirates thence; but these cared
+little for his preparations, having their ships at hand,
+and determining to fire the city, and retreat. They
+had now been at Puerto Bello fifteen days, in which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span>
+time they had lost many of their men, both by the
+unhealthiness of the country, and their extravagant
+debaucheries.</p>
+
+<p>Hereupon, they prepared to depart, carrying on
+board all the pillage they had got, having first provided
+the fleet with sufficient victuals for the voyage.
+While these things were doing Captain Morgan
+demanded of the prisoners a ransom for the
+city, or else he would burn it down, and blow up all
+the castles; withal, he commanded them to send
+speedily two persons, to procure the sum, which was
+100,000 pieces-of-eight. To this effect two men
+were sent to the president of Panama, who gave
+him an account of all. The president, having now a
+body of men ready, set forth towards Puerto Bello,
+to encounter the pirates before their retreat; but,
+they, hearing of his coming, instead of flying away,
+went out to meet him at a narrow passage, which
+he must pass: here they placed a hundred men, very
+well armed, which at the first encounter put to flight
+a good party of those of Panama. This obliged
+the president to retire for that time, not being yet in
+a posture of strength to proceed farther. Presently
+after, he sent a message to Captain Morgan, to tell
+him, "that if he departed not suddenly with all his
+forces from Puerto Bello, he ought to expect no
+quarter for himself, nor his companions, when he
+should take them, as he hoped soon to do." Captain
+Morgan, who feared not his threats, knowing
+he had a secure retreat in his ships, which were at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span>
+hand, answered, "he would not deliver the castles,
+before he had received the contribution-money he
+had demanded; which if it were not paid down, he
+would certainly burn the whole city, and then leave
+it, demolishing beforehand the castles, and killing
+the prisoners."</p>
+
+<p>The governor of Panama perceived by this answer
+that no means would serve to mollify the
+hearts of the pirates, nor reduce them to reason:
+whereupon, he determined to leave the inhabitants
+of the city to make the best agreement they could.
+In a few days more the miserable citizens gathered
+the contributions required, and brought 100,000
+pieces-of-eight to the pirates for their ransom. The
+president of Panama was much amazed that four
+hundred men could take such a great city, with so
+many strong castles, especially having no ordnance,
+wherewith to raise batteries, and, knowing the citizens
+of Puerto Bello had always great repute of
+being good soldiers themselves, who never wanted
+courage in their own defence. His astonishment
+was so great, that he sent to Captain Morgan,
+desiring some small pattern of those arms wherewith
+he had taken with such vigor so great a city.
+Captain Morgan received this messenger very
+kindly, and with great civility; and gave him a pistol,
+and a few small bullets, to carry back to the president
+his master; telling him, withal, "he desired
+him to accept that slender pattern of the arms
+wherewith he had taken Puerto Bello, and keep<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span>
+them for a twelvemonth; after which time he
+promised to come to Panama, and fetch them
+away."<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> The governor returned the present very
+soon to Captain Morgan, giving him thanks for the
+favor of lending him such weapons as he needed not;
+and, withal, sent him a ring of gold, with this message,
+"that he desired him not to give himself the
+labor of coming to Panama, as he had done to
+Puerto Bello: for he did assure him, he should not
+speed so well here, as he had done there."</p>
+
+<p>After this, Captain Morgan (having provided his
+fleet with all necessaries, and taken with him the best
+guns of the castles, nailing up the rest) set sail
+from Puerto Bello with all his ships, and arriving in
+a few days at Cuba, he sought out a place wherein
+he might quickly make the dividend of their spoil.
+They found in ready money 250,000 pieces-of-eight,
+besides other merchandise; as cloth, linen,
+silks, etc. With this rich purchase they sailed thence
+to their common place of rendezvous, Jamaica.
+Being arrived, they passed here some time in all
+sorts of vices and debaucheries, according to their
+custom; spending very prodigally what others had
+gained with no small labor and toil.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> From <i>The Buccaneers of America</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> This promise was kept. See <a href="#Page_23">The Capture of Panama</a> (footnote).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>THE WAYS OF THE BUCCANEERS<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">John Masefield</span> after <span class="smcap">John Esquemeling</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Throughout</span> the years of buccaneering,
+the buccaneers often put to sea in canoas and
+periaguas, just as Drake put to sea in his
+three pinnaces. Life in an open boat is far from
+pleasant, but men who passed their leisure cutting
+logwood at Campeachy, or hoeing tobacco in Jamaica,
+or toiling over gramma grass under a hot
+sun after cattle, were not disposed to make the worst
+of things. They would sit contentedly upon the
+oar bench, rowing with a long, slow stroke for hours
+together without showing signs of fatigue. Nearly
+all of them were men of more than ordinary
+strength, and all of them were well accustomed to
+the climate. When they had rowed their canoa to
+the Main they were able to take it easy till a ship
+came by from one of the Spanish ports. If she
+seemed a reasonable prey, without too many guns,
+and not too high charged, or high built, the privateers
+would load their muskets, and row down to
+engage her. The best shots were sent into the bows,
+and excused from rowing, lest the exercise should
+cause their hands to tremble. A clever man was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span>
+put to the steering oar, and the musketeers were
+bidden to sing out whenever the enemy yawed, so
+as to fire her guns. It was in action, and in action
+only, that the captain had command over his men.
+The steersman endeavored to keep the masts of the
+quarry in a line, and to approach her from astern.
+The marksmen from the bows kept up a continual
+fire at the vessel's helmsmen, if they could be seen,
+and at any gun-ports which happened to be open.
+If the helmsmen could not be seen from the sea, the
+canoas aimed to row in upon the vessel's quarters,
+where they could wedge up the rudder with wooden
+chocks or wedges. They then laid her aboard over
+the quarter, or by the after chains, and carried her
+with their knives and pistols. The first man to get
+aboard received some gift of money at the division
+of the spoil.</p>
+
+<p>When the prize was taken, the prisoners were
+questioned, and despoiled. Often, indeed, they
+were stripped stark naked, and granted the privilege
+of seeing their finery on a pirate's back. Each
+buccaneer had the right to take a shift of clothes
+out of each prize captured. The cargo was then
+rummaged, and the state of the ship looked to,
+with an eye to using her as a cruiser. As a rule,
+the prisoners were put ashore on the first opportunity,
+but some buccaneers had a way of selling
+their captives into slavery. If the ship were old,
+leaky, valueless, in ballast, or with a cargo useless
+to the rovers, she was either robbed of her guns,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span>
+and turned adrift with her crew, or run ashore in
+some snug cove, where she could be burnt for the
+sake of the iron-work. If the cargo were of value,
+and, as a rule, the ships they took had some rich
+thing aboard them, they sailed her to one of the
+Dutch, French or English settlements, where they
+sold her freight for what they could get&mdash;some
+tenth or twentieth of its value. If the ship were a
+good one, in good condition, well found, swift, and
+not of too great draught (for they preferred to
+sail in small ships), they took her for their cruiser
+as soon as they had emptied out her freight. They
+sponged and loaded her guns, brought their stores
+aboard her, laid their mats upon her deck, secured
+the boats astern, and sailed away in search of other
+plunder. They kept little discipline aboard their
+ships. What work had to be done they did, but
+works of supererogation they despised and rejected
+as a shade unholy. The night watches were partly
+orgies. While some slept, the others fired guns and
+drank to the health of their fellows. By the light of
+the binnacle, or by the light of the slush lamps in the
+cabin, the rovers played a hand at cards, or diced
+each other at "seven and eleven," using a pannikin
+as dice-box. While the gamblers cut and shuffled,
+and the dice rattled in the tin, the musical sang songs,
+the fiddlers set their music chuckling, and the seaboots
+stamped approval. The cunning dancers
+showed their science in the moonlight, avoiding the
+sleepers if they could. In this jolly fashion were the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span>
+nights made short. In the daytime, the gambling
+continued with little intermission; nor had the captain
+any authority to stop it. One captain, in the
+histories, was so bold as to throw the dice and cards
+overboard, but, as a rule, the captain of a buccaneer
+cruiser was chosen as an artist, or navigator,
+or as a lucky fighter. He was not expected to spoil
+sport. The continual gambling nearly always led
+to fights and quarrels. The lucky dicers often won
+so much that the unlucky had to part with all their
+booty. Sometimes a few men would win all the
+plunder of the cruise, much to the disgust of the
+majority, who clamored for a redivision of the spoil.
+If two buccaneers got into a quarrel they fought it
+out on shore at the first opportunity, using knives,
+swords, or pistols, according to taste. The usual
+way of fighting was with pistols, the combatants
+standing back to back, at a distance of ten or twelve
+paces, and turning round to fire at the word of command.
+If both shots missed, the question was decided
+with cutlasses, the man who drew first blood
+being declared the winner. If a man were proved
+to be a coward he was either tied to the mast, and
+shot, or mutilated, and sent ashore. No cruise came
+to an end until the company declared themselves
+satisfied with the amount of plunder taken. The
+question, like all other important questions, was
+debated round the mast, and decided by vote.</p>
+
+<p>At the conclusion of a successful cruise, they sailed
+for Port Royal, with the ship full of treasure, such<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span>
+as vicuna wool, packets of pearls from the Hatch,
+jars of civet or of ambergris, boxes of "marmalett"
+and spices, casks of strong drink, bales of silk,
+sacks of chocolate and vanilla, and rolls of green
+cloth and pale blue cotton which the Indians had
+woven in Peru, in some sandy village near the sea,
+in sight of the pelicans and the penguins. In addition
+to all these things, they usually had a number
+of the personal possessions of those they had taken
+on the seas. Lying in the chests for subsequent division
+were swords, silver-mounted pistols, daggers
+chased and inlaid, watches from Spain, necklaces of
+uncut jewels, rings and bangles, heavy carved furniture,
+"cases of bottles" of delicately cut green
+glass, containing cordials distilled of precious mints,
+with packets of emeralds from Brazil, bezoar stones
+from Patagonia, paintings from Spain, and medicinal
+gums from Nicaragua. All these things were divided
+by lot at the main-mast as soon as the anchor
+held. As the ship, or ships, neared port, her men
+hung colors out&mdash;any colors they could find&mdash;to
+make their vessel gay. A cup of drink was taken as
+they sailed slowly home to moorings, and as they
+drank they fired off the cannon, "bullets and all,"
+again and yet again, rejoicing as the bullets struck
+the water. Up in the bay, the ships in the harbor answered
+with salutes of cannon; flags were dipped
+and hoisted in salute; and so the anchor dropped in
+some safe reach, and the division of the spoil began.</p>
+
+<p>After the division of the spoil in the beautiful<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>
+Port Royal harbor, in sight of the palm-trees and
+the fort with the colors flying, the buccaneers packed
+their gear, and dropped over the side into a boat.
+They were pulled ashore by some grinning black
+man with a scarlet scarf about his head and the brand
+of a hot iron on his shoulders. At the jetty end,
+where the Indians lounged at their tobacco and the
+fishermen's canoas rocked, the sunburnt pirates put
+ashore. Among the noisy company which always
+gathers on a pier they met with their companions.
+A sort of Roman triumph followed, as the "happily
+returned" lounged swaggeringly towards the
+taverns. Eager hands helped them to carry in their
+plunder. In a few minutes the gang was entering
+the tavern, the long, cool room with barrels round
+the walls, where there were benches and a table and
+an old blind fiddler jerking his elbow at a jig.
+Noisily the party ranged about the table, and sat
+themselves upon the benches, while the drawers, or
+potboys, in their shirts, drew near to take the orders.
+I wonder if the reader has ever heard a sailor
+in the like circumstance, five minutes after he has
+touched his pay, address a company of parasites in
+an inn with the question: "What's it going to be?"</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> From <i>Buccaneer Customs on the Spanish Main</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>A TRUE ACCOUNT OF THREE
+NOTORIOUS PIRATES<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Howard Pyle, Ed.</span></h3></div>
+
+<h4>I<br />
+<span class="smcap">Captain Teach</span> <i>alias</i> <span class="smcap">Black-beard</span></h4>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Edward Teach</span> was a Bristol man born,
+but had sailed some time out of Jamaica, in
+privateers, in the late French war; yet
+though he had often distinguished himself for his
+uncommon boldness and personal courage, he was
+never raised to any command, till he went a-pirating,
+which, I think, was at the latter end of the year
+1716, when Captain Benjamin Hornygold put him
+into a sloop that he had made prize of, and with
+whom he continued in consortship till a little while
+before Hornygold surrendered.</p>
+
+<p>In the spring of the year 1717 Teach and Hornygold
+sailed from Providence, for the main of America,
+and took in their way a billop from the Havana,
+with 120 barrels of flour, as also a sloop from Bermuda,
+Thurbar master, from whom they took only
+some gallons of wine, and then let him go; and a
+ship from Madeira to South Carolina, out of which
+they got plunder to a considerable value.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>After cleaning on the coast of Virginia, they returned
+to the West Indies, and in the latitude of 24,
+made prize of a large French Guineaman, bound
+to Martinico, which, by Hornygold's consent, Teach
+went aboard of as captain, and took a cruise in her.
+Hornygold returned with his sloop to Providence,
+where, at the arrival of Captain Rogers, the governor,
+he surrendered to mercy, pursuant to the king's
+proclamation.</p>
+
+<p>Aboard of this Guineaman Teach mounted forty
+guns, and named her the <i>Queen Ann's Revenge</i>; and
+cruising near the island of St. Vincent, took a large
+ship, called the <i>Great Allen</i>, Christopher Taylor,
+commander; the pirates plundered her of what they
+thought fit, put all the men ashore upon the island
+above mentioned, and set fire to the ship.</p>
+
+<p>A few days after Teach fell in with the <i>Scarborough</i>,
+man-of-war, of thirty guns, who engaged him
+for some hours; but she, finding the pirate well-manned,
+and having tried her strength, gave over
+the engagement and returned to Barbadoes, the
+place of her station, and Teach sailed towards the
+Spanish America.</p>
+
+<p>In this way he met with a pirate sloop of ten guns,
+commanded by one Major Bonnet, lately a gentleman
+of good reputation and estate in the island of
+Barbadoes, whom he joined; but in a few days after,
+Teach, finding that Bonnet knew nothing of a maritime
+life, with the consent of his own men, put in
+another captain, one Richards, to command Bonnet's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span>
+sloop, and took the Major on board his own
+ship, telling him, that as he had not been used to the
+fatigues and care of such a post, it would be better
+for him to decline it and live easy, at his pleasure,
+in such a ship as his, where he would not be obliged
+to perform the necessary duties of a sea-voyage.</p>
+
+<p>At Turniff, ten leagues short of the Bay of Honduras,
+the pirates took in fresh water, and while
+they were at anchor there, they saw a sloop coming
+in, whereupon Richards, in the sloop called the <i>Revenge</i>,
+slipped his cable and run out to meet her;
+who, upon seeing the black flag hoisted, struck his
+sail and came to under the stern of Teach, the commodore.
+She was called the <i>Adventure</i>, from Jamaica,
+David Harriot, master. They took him and
+his men aboard the great ship, and sent a number
+of other hands with Israel Hands, master of Teach's
+ship, to man the sloop for the piratical account.</p>
+
+<p>The 9th of April they weighed from Turniff,
+having lain there about a week, and sailed to the bay,
+where they found a ship and four sloops; three of
+the latter belonged to Jonathan Bernard, of Jamaica,
+and the other to Captain James. The ship
+was of Boston, called the <i>Protestant C&aelig;sar</i>, Captain
+Wyar, commander. Teach hoisted his black colors
+and fired a gun, upon which Captain Wyar and all
+his men left their ship and got ashore in their boat.
+Teach's quartermaster and eight of his crew took
+possession of Wyar's ship, and Richards secured all
+the sloops, one of which they burnt out of spite to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span>
+the owner. The <i>Protestant C&aelig;sar</i> they also burnt,
+after they had plundered her, because she belonged
+to Boston, where some men had been hanged for
+piracy, and the three sloops belonging to Bernard
+they let go.</p>
+
+<p>From hence the rovers sailed to Turkill, and
+then to the Grand Caimanes, a small island about
+thirty leagues to the westward of Jamaica, where
+they took a small turtler, and so to the Havana, and
+from thence to the Bahama Wrecks; and from the
+Bahama Wrecks they sailed to Carolina, taking a
+brigantine and two sloops in their way, where they
+lay off the bar of Charles Town for five or six days.
+They took here a ship as she was coming out, bound
+for London, commanded by Robert Clark, with
+some passengers on board for England. The next
+day they took another vessel coming out of Charles
+Town, and also two pinks coming into Charles
+Town; likewise a brigantine with fourteen negroes
+aboard; all of which, being done in the face of the
+town, struck so great a terror to the whole province
+of Carolina, having just before been visited by Vane,
+another notorious pirate, that they abandoned themselves
+to despair, being in no condition to resist their
+force. There were eight sail in the harbor, ready
+for the sea, but none dared to venture out, it being
+almost impossible to escape their hands. The inward
+bound vessels were under the same unhappy
+dilemma, so that the trade of this place was totally
+interrupted. What made these misfortunes heavier<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span>
+to them was a long, expensive war the colony had
+had with the natives, which was but just ended when
+these robbers infested them.</p>
+
+<p>Teach detained all the ships and prisoners, and,
+being in want of medicines, resolved to demand a
+chest from the government of the province. Accordingly,
+Richards, the captain of the <i>Revenge</i>
+sloop, with two or three more pirates, were sent
+up along with Mr. Marks, one of the prisoners
+whom they had taken in Clark's ship, and very insolently
+made their demands, threatening that if
+they did not send immediately the chest of medicines
+and let the pirate ambassadors return, without offering
+any violence to their persons, they would
+murder all their prisoners, send up their heads to
+the governor, and set the ships they had taken on
+fire.</p>
+
+<p>Whilst Mr. Marks was making application to the
+council, Richards and the rest of the pirates walked
+the streets publicly in the sight of all people, who
+were fired with the utmost indignation, looking upon
+them as robbers and murderers, and particularly the
+authors of their wrongs and oppressions, but durst
+not so much as think of executing their revenge for
+fear of bringing more calamities upon themselves,
+and so they were forced to let the villains pass with
+impunity. The government was not long in deliberating
+upon the message, though it was the greatest
+affront that could have been put upon them, yet,
+for the saving so many men's lives (among them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span>
+Mr. Samuel Wragg, one of the council), they complied
+with the necessity and sent aboard a chest,
+valued at between three and four hundred pounds,
+and the pirates went back safe to their ships.</p>
+
+<p>Black-beard (for so Teach was generally called,
+as we shall hereafter show), as soon as he had received
+the medicines and his brother rogues, let go
+the ships and the prisoners, having first taken out
+of them in gold and silver about &pound;1,500 sterling,
+besides provisions and other matters.</p>
+
+<p>From the bar of Charles Town they sailed to
+North Carolina, Captain Teach in the ship, which
+they called the man-of-war, Captain Richards and
+Captain Hands in the sloops, which they termed privateers,
+and another sloop serving them as a tender.
+Teach began now to think of breaking up the company
+and securing the money and the best of the
+effects for himself and some others of his companions
+he had most friendship for, and to cheat
+the rest. Accordingly, on pretense of running into
+Topsail inlet to clean, he grounded his ship, and
+then, as if it had been done undesignedly and by
+accident, he orders Hands' sloop to come to his assistance
+and get him off again, which he, endeavoring
+to do, ran the sloop on shore near the other, and
+so were both lost. This done, Teach goes into the
+tender sloop, with forty hands, and leaves the <i>Revenge</i>
+there, then takes seventeen others and maroons
+them upon a small sandy island, about a league
+from the main, where there was neither bird, beast,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span>
+or herb for their subsistence, and where they must
+have perished if Major Bonnet had not, two days
+after, taken them off.</p>
+
+<p>Teach goes up to the governor of North Carolina,
+with about twenty of his men, and they surrender
+to his Majesty's proclamation, and receive
+certificates thereof from his Excellency; but it did
+not appear that their submitting to this pardon was
+from any reformation of manners, but only to await
+a more favorable opportunity to play the same game
+over again; which he soon after effected, with
+greater security to himself, and with much better
+prospect of success, having in this time cultivated
+a very good understanding with Charles Eden,
+Esq., the governor above mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>The first piece of service this kind governor did
+to Black-beard was to give him a right to the vessel
+which he had taken when he was a-pirating in the
+great ship called the <i>Queen Ann's Revenge</i>, for
+which purpose a court of vice-admiralty was held at
+Bath Town, and, though Teach had never any commission
+in his life, and the sloop belonging to the
+English merchants, and taken in time of peace, yet
+was she condemned as a prize taken from the Spaniards
+by the said Teach. These proceedings show
+that governors are but men.</p>
+
+<p>Before he sailed upon his adventures, he married
+a young creature of about sixteen years of age, the
+governor performing the ceremony. As it is a custom
+to marry here by a priest, so it is there by a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span>
+magistrate; and this, I have been informed, made
+Teach's fourteenth wife whereof about a dozen
+might be still living.</p>
+
+<p>In June, 1718, he went to sea upon another expedition,
+and steered his course towards Bermudas.
+He met with two or three English vessels in his
+way, but robbed them only of provisions, stores, and
+other necessaries, for his present expense; but near
+the island before mentioned, he fell in with two
+French ships, one of them was laden with sugar and
+cocoa, and the other light, both bound to Martinico.
+The ship that had no lading he let go, and putting
+all the men of the loaded ship aboard her, he
+brought home the other with her cargo to North
+Carolina, where the governor and the pirates shared
+the plunder.</p>
+
+<p>When Teach and his prize arrived he and four of
+his crew went to his Excellency and made affidavit
+that they found the French ship at sea without a
+soul on board her; and then a court was called, and
+the ship condemned. The governor had sixty hogsheads
+of sugar for his dividend, and one Mr.
+Knight, who was his secretary and collector for the
+province, twenty, and the rest was shared among
+the other pirates.</p>
+
+<p>The business was not yet done; the ship remained,
+and it was possible one or other might come into
+the river that might be acquainted with her, and so
+discover the roguery. But Teach thought of a contrivance
+to prevent this, for, upon a pretence that she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span>
+was leaky, and that she might sink, and so stop up
+the mouth of the inlet or cove where she lay, he
+obtained an order from the governor to bring her
+out into the river and set her on fire, which was
+accordingly executed, and she was burnt down to the
+water's edge, her bottom sunk, and with it their
+fears of her ever rising in judgment against them.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Teach, alias Black-beard, passed three or
+four months in the river, sometimes lying at anchor
+in the coves, at other times sailing from one inlet
+to another, trading with such sloops as he met for
+the plunder he had taken, and would often give them
+presents for stores and provisions he took from
+them; that is, when he happened to be in a giving
+humor; at other times he made bold with them, and
+took what he liked, without saying "By your leave,"
+knowing well they dared not send him a bill for the
+payment. He often diverted himself with going
+ashore among the planters, where he revelled
+night and day. By these he was well received, but
+whether out of love or fear I cannot say. Sometimes
+he used them courteously enough, and made
+them presents of rum and sugar in recompense of
+what he took from them; but, as for liberties, which
+it is said he and his companions often took with the
+wives and daughters of the planters, I cannot take
+upon me to say whether he paid them <i>ad valorem</i>
+or no. At other times he carried it in a lordly manner
+towards them, and would lay some of them under
+contribution; nay, he often proceeded to bully<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span>
+the governor, not that I can discover the least cause
+of quarrel between them, but it seemed only to be
+done to show he dared do it.</p>
+
+<p>The sloops trading up and down this river being
+so frequently pillaged by Black-beard, consulted with
+the traders and some of the best planters what
+course to take. They saw plainly it would be in
+vain to make an application to the governor of
+North Carolina, to whom it properly belonged to
+find some redress; so that if they could not be relieved
+from some other quarter, Black-beard would
+be like to reign with impunity; therefore, with as
+much secrecy as possible, they sent a deputation to
+Virginia, to lay the affair before the governor of
+that colony, and to solicit an armed force from the
+men-of-war lying there to take or destroy this pirate.</p>
+
+<p>This governor consulted with the captains of the
+two men-of-war, viz., the <i>Pearl</i> and <i>Lime</i>, who had
+lain in St. James's river about ten months. It was
+agreed that the governor should hire a couple of
+small sloops, and the men-of-war should man them.
+This was accordingly done, and the command of
+them given to Mr. Robert Maynard, first lieutenant
+of the <i>Pearl</i>, an experienced officer, and a gentleman
+of great bravery and resolution, as will appear by
+his gallant behavior in this expedition. The sloops
+were well manned, and furnished with ammunition
+and small arms, but had no guns mounted.</p>
+
+<p>About the time of their going out the governor
+called an assembly, in which it was resolved to publish<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span>
+a proclamation, offering certain rewards to any
+person or persons who, within a year after that time,
+should take or destroy any pirate. The original
+proclamation, being in our hands, is as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center">By his Majesty's Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief<br />
+of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia.</p>
+<p class="center">A PROCLAMATION,</p>
+<p class="center">Publishing the Rewards given for apprehending or killing Pirates.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, by an Act of Assembly, made at a Session of
+Assembly, begun at the capital in Williamsburg, the eleventh
+day of November, in the fifth year of his Majesty's reign,
+entitled, An Act to Encourage the Apprehending and Destroying
+of Pirates: It is, amongst other things, enacted,
+that all and every person, or persons, who, from and after
+the fourteenth day of November, in the Year of our Lord
+one thousand seven hundred and eighteen, and before the
+fourteenth day of November, which shall be in the Year of
+our Lord one thousand seven hundred and nineteen, shall
+take any pirate, or pirates, on the sea or land, or, in case of
+resistance, shall kill any such pirate, or pirates, between the
+degrees of thirty-four and thirty-nine of northern latitude,
+and within one hundred leagues of the continent of Virginia,
+or within the provinces of Virginia, or North Carolina, upon
+the conviction, or making due proof of the killing of all and
+every such pirate, and pirates, before the Governor and Council,
+shall be entitled to have, and receive out of the public
+money, in the hands of the Treasurer of this Colony, the
+several rewards following: that is to say, for Edward Teach,
+commonly called Captain Teach, or Black-beard, one hundred<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span>
+pounds; for every other commander of a pirate ship,
+sloop, or vessel, forty pounds; for every lieutenant, master,
+or quartermaster, boatswain, or carpenter, twenty pounds;
+for every other inferior officer, fifteen pounds; and for every
+private man taken on board such ship, sloop, or vessel, ten
+pounds; and that for every pirate which shall be taken by
+any ship, sloop, or vessel, belonging to this colony, or North
+Carolina, within the time aforesaid, in any place whatsoever,
+the like rewards shall be paid according to the quality and
+condition of such pirates. Wherefore, for the encouragement
+of all such persons as shall be willing to serve his
+Majesty, and their country, in so just and honourable an
+undertaking as the suppressing a sort of people who may
+be truly called enemies to mankind: I have thought fit,
+with the advice and consent of his Majesty's Council, to
+issue this Proclamation, hereby declaring the said rewards
+shall be punctually and justly paid, in current money of
+Virginia, according to the directions of the said Act. And
+I do order and appoint this proclamation to be published
+by the sheriffs at their respective country houses, and by
+all ministers and readers in the several churches and chapels
+throughout this colony.</p>
+
+<div class="bk1"><p class="p5">Given at our Council-Chamber at Williamsburgh, this<br />
+24th day of November, 1718, in the fifth year of<br />
+his Majesty's reign.</p>
+
+<p class="center">GOD SAVE THE KING.</p>
+
+<p class="td3"><span class="smcap">A. Spotswood.</span></p></div></div>
+
+<p>The 17th of November, 1718, the lieutenant
+sailed from Kicquetan, in James river in Virginia,
+and the 31st, in the evening, came to the mouth of
+Okerecock inlet, where he got sight of the pirate.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span>
+This expedition was made with all imaginable secrecy,
+and the officer managed with all the prudence
+that was necessary, stopping all boats and vessels he
+met with in the river from going up, and thereby
+preventing any intelligence from reaching Black-beard,
+and receiving at the same time an account
+from them all of the place where the pirate was
+lurking. But notwithstanding this caution, Black-beard
+had information of the design from his Excellency
+of the province; and his secretary, Mr.
+Knight, wrote him a letter particularly concerning
+it, intimating "that he had sent him four of his men,
+which were all he could meet with in or about town,
+and so bid him be upon his guard." These men belonged
+to Black-beard, and were sent from Bath
+Town to Okerecock inlet, where the sloop lay, which
+is about twenty leagues.</p>
+
+<p>Black-beard had heard several reports, which
+happened not to be true, and so gave the less credit
+to this advice; nor was he convinced till he saw the
+sloops. Then it was time to put his vessel in a
+posture of defense. He had no more than twenty-five
+men on board, though he gave out to all the
+vessels he spoke with that he had forty. When he
+had prepared for battle he sat down and spent the
+night in drinking with the master of a trading sloop,
+who, it was thought, had more business with Teach
+than he should have had.</p>
+
+<p>Lieutenant Maynard came to an anchor, for the
+place being shoal, and the channel intricate, there<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span>
+was no getting in where Teach lay that night; but
+in the morning he weighed, and sent his boat ahead
+of the sloops to sound, and coming within gun-shot
+of the pirate, received his fire; whereupon Maynard
+hoisted the king's colors, and stood directly towards
+him with the best way that his sails and oars could
+make. Black-beard cut his cable, and endeavored to
+make a running fight, keeping a continual fire at his
+enemies with his guns. Mr. Maynard, not having
+any, kept a constant fire with small arms, while
+some of his men labored at their oars. In a little
+time Teach's sloop ran aground, and Mr. Maynard's,
+drawing more water than that of the pirate,
+he could not come near him; so he anchored within
+half gun-shot of the enemy, and, in order to lighten
+his vessel, that he might run him aboard, the lieutenant
+ordered all his ballast to be thrown overboard,
+and all the water to be staved, and then weighed
+and stood for him; upon which Black-beard hailed
+him in this rude manner: "Damn you for villains,
+who are you; and from whence came you?" The
+lieutenant made him answer, "You may see by our
+colors we are no pirates." Black-beard bid him
+send his boat on board that he might see who he
+was; but Mr. Maynard replied thus: "I cannot
+spare my boat, but I will come aboard of you as soon
+as I can with my sloop." Upon this Black-beard
+took a glass of liquor, and drank to him with these
+words: "Damnation seize my soul if I give you
+quarter, or take any from you." In answer to which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span>
+Mr. Maynard told him "that he expected no quarter
+from him, nor should he give him any."</p>
+
+<p>By this time Black-beard's sloop fleeted as Mr.
+Maynard's sloops were rowing towards him, which
+being not above a foot high in the waist, and consequently
+the men all exposed, as they came near together
+(there being hitherto little or no execution
+done on either side), the pirate fired a broadside
+charged with all manner of small shot. A fatal
+stroke to them!&mdash;the sloop the lieutenant was in
+having twenty men killed and wounded, and the
+other sloop nine. This could not be helped, for
+there being no wind, they were obliged to keep to
+their oars, otherwise the pirate would have got away
+from him, which it seems, the lieutenant was resolute
+to prevent.</p>
+
+<p>After this unlucky blow Black-beard's sloop fell
+broadside to the shore; Mr. Maynard's other sloop,
+which was called the <i>Ranger</i>, fell astern, being for
+the present disabled. So the lieutenant, finding his
+own sloop had way and would soon be on board
+of Teach, he ordered all his men down, for fear of
+another broadside, which must have been their destruction
+and the loss of their expedition. Mr.
+Maynard was the only person that kept the deck,
+except the man at the helm, whom he directed to
+lie down snug, and the men in the hold were ordered
+to get their pistols and their swords ready for close
+fighting, and to come up at his command; in order
+to which two ladders were placed in the hatchway<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span>
+for the more expedition. When the lieutenant's
+sloop boarded the other Captain Teach's men threw
+in several new-fashioned sort of grenades, viz., case-bottles
+filled with powder and small shot, slugs, and
+pieces of lead or iron, with a quick-match in the
+mouth of it, which, being lighted without side, presently
+runs into the bottle to the powder, and, as it
+is instantly thrown on board, generally does great
+execution besides putting all the crew into a confusion.
+But, by good Providence, they had not that
+effect here, the men being in the hold. Black-beard,
+seeing few or no hands aboard, told his men "that
+they were all knocked to head, except three or four;
+and therefore," says he, "let's jump on board and
+cut them to pieces."</p>
+
+<p>Whereupon, under the smoke of one of the bottles
+just mentioned, Black-beard enters with fourteen
+men over the bows of Maynard's sloop, and were
+not seen by him until the air cleared. However, he
+just then gave a signal to his men, who all rose in
+an instant, and attacked the pirates with as much
+bravery as ever was done upon such an occasion.
+Black-beard and the lieutenant fired the first shots
+at each other, by which the pirate received a wound,
+and then engaged with swords, till the lieutenant's
+unluckily broke, and stepping back to cock a pistol,
+Black-beard, with his cutlass, was striking at that instant
+that one of Maynard's men gave him a terrible
+wound in the neck and throat, by which the lieutenant
+came off with only a small cut over his fingers.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>They were now closely and warmly engaged, the
+lieutenant and twelve men against Black-beard and
+fourteen, till the sea was tinctured with blood round
+the vessel. Black-beard received a shot into his
+body from the pistol that Lieutenant Maynard discharged,
+yet he stood his ground, and fought with
+great fury till he received five-and-twenty wounds,
+and five of them by shot. At length, as he was cocking
+another pistol, having fired several before, he
+fell down dead; by which time eight more out of
+the fourteen dropped, and all the rest, much
+wounded, jumped overboard and called out for
+quarter, which was granted, though it was only prolonging
+their lives a few days. The sloop <i>Ranger</i>
+came up and attacked the men that remained in
+Black-beard's sloop with equal bravery, till they
+likewise cried for quarter.</p>
+
+<p>Here was an end of that courageous brute, who
+might have passed in the world for a hero had he
+been employed in a good cause.</p>
+
+<p>The lieutenant caused Black-beard's head to be
+severed from his body, and hung up at the boltsprit
+end; then he sailed to Bath Town, to get relief for
+his wounded men.</p>
+
+<p>In rummaging the pirate's sloop, they found several
+letters and written papers, which discovered the
+correspondence between Governor Eden, the secretary
+and collector, and also some traders at New
+York, and Black-beard. It is likely he had regard
+enough for his friends to have destroyed these papers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span>
+before action, in order to hinder them from
+falling into such hands, where the discovery would
+be of no use either to the interest or reputation of
+these fine gentlemen, if it had not been his fixed resolution
+to have blown up together, when he found
+no possibility of escaping.</p>
+
+<p>When the lieutenant came to Bath Town, he made
+bold to seize from the governor's storehouse the
+sixty hogsheads of sugar, and from honest Mr.
+Knight, twenty; which it seems was their dividend of
+the plunder taken in the French ship. The latter
+did not survive this shameful discovery, for, being
+apprehensive that he might be called to an account
+for these trifles, fell sick, it is thought, with the
+fright, and died in a few days.</p>
+
+<p>After the wounded men were pretty well recovered,
+the lieutenant sailed back to the men-of-war
+in James River, in Virginia, with Black-beard's head
+still hanging at the boltsprit end, and fifteen prisoners,
+thirteen of whom were hanged, it appearing,
+upon trial, that one of them, viz., Samuel Odell,
+was taken out of the trading sloop but the night
+before the engagement. This poor fellow was a little
+unlucky at his first entering upon his new trade,
+there appearing no less than seventy wounds upon
+him after the action; notwithstanding which he
+lived and was cured of them all. The other person
+that escaped the gallows was one Israel Hands, the
+master of Black-beard's sloop, and formerly captain<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span>
+of the same, before the <i>Queen Ann's Revenge</i> was
+lost in Topsail inlet.</p>
+
+<p>The aforesaid Hands happened not to be in the
+fight, but was taken afterwards ashore at Bath
+Town, having been sometime before disabled by
+Black-beard, in one of his savage humors, after the
+following manner: One night, drinking in his
+cabin with Hands, the pilot, and another man, Black-beard,
+without any provocation, privately draws out
+a small pair of pistols, and cocks them under the
+table, which being perceived by the man, he withdrew
+and went upon deck, leaving Hands, the pilot,
+and the captain together. When the pistols were
+ready he blew out the candle, and, crossing his
+hands, discharged them at his company; Hands, the
+master, was shot through the knee and lamed for life,
+the other pistol did no execution. Being asked the
+meaning of this, he only answered by damning them,
+that "if he did not now and then kill one of them,
+they would forget who he was."</p>
+
+<p>Hands being taken, was tried and condemned,
+but just as he was about to be executed a ship arrived
+at Virginia with a proclamation for prolonging
+the time of his Majesty's pardon to such of the
+pirates as should surrender by a limited time therein
+expressed. Notwithstanding the sentence, Hands
+pleaded the pardon, and was allowed the benefit of
+it, and was alive some time ago in London, begging
+his bread.</p>
+
+<p>Now that we have given some account of Teach's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span>
+life and actions, it will not be amiss that we speak
+of his beard, since it did not a little contribute
+towards making his name so terrible in those
+parts.</p>
+
+<p>Plutarch and other grave historians have taken
+notice that several great men amongst the Romans
+took their surnames from certain odd marks in their
+countenances&mdash;as Cicero, from a mark, or vetch, on
+his nose&mdash;so our hero, Captain Teach, assumed the
+cognomen of Black-beard, from that large quantity
+of hair which, like a frightful meteor, covered his
+whole face, and frightened America more than any
+comet that has appeared there a long time.</p>
+
+<p>This beard was black, which he suffered to grow
+of an extravagant length; as to breadth, it came up
+to his eyes. He was accustomed to twist it with ribbons,
+in small tails, after the manner of our Ramilie
+wigs, and turn them about his ears. In time of action
+he wore a sling over his shoulders, with three
+brace of pistols hanging in holsters like bandoliers,
+and stuck lighted matches under his hat, which, appearing
+on each side of his face, his eyes naturally
+looking fierce and wild, made him altogether such a
+figure that imagination cannot form an idea of a
+fury from hell to look more frightful.</p>
+
+<p>If he had the look of a fury, his humors and passions
+were suitable to it.</p>
+
+<p>In the commonwealth of pirates, he who goes the
+greatest length of wickedness is looked upon with
+a kind of envy amongst them as a person of a more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span>
+extraordinary gallantry, and is thereby entitled to be
+distinguished by some post, and if such a one has
+but courage, he must certainly be a great man. The
+hero of whom we are writing was thoroughly accomplished
+this way, and some of his frolics of wickedness
+were so extravagant, as if he aimed at making
+his men believe he was a devil incarnate; for being
+one day at sea, and a little flushed with drink,
+"Come," says he, "let us make a hell of our own,
+and try how long we can bear it." Accordingly he,
+with two or three others, went down into the hold,
+and closing up all the hatches, filled several pots
+full of brimstone and other combustible matter, and
+set it on fire, and so continued till they were almost
+suffocated, when some of the men cried out for air.
+At length he opened the hatches, not a little pleased
+that he held out the longest.</p>
+
+<p>The night before he was killed he sat up and
+drank till the morning with some of his own men
+and the master of a merchantman; and having had
+intelligence of the two sloops coming to attack him,
+as has been before observed, one of his men asked
+him, in case anything should happen to him in the
+engagement with the sloops, whether his wife knew
+where he had buried his money? He answered,
+"That nobody but himself and the devil knew where
+it was, and the longest liver should take all."</p>
+
+<p>Those of his crew who were taken alive told a
+story which may appear a little incredible; however,
+we think it will not be fair to omit it since we had it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span>
+from their own mouths. That once upon a cruise
+they found out that they had a man on board more
+than their crew; such a one was seen several days
+amongst them, sometimes below and sometimes upon
+deck, yet no man in the ship could give an account
+who he was, or from whence he came, but that he
+disappeared a little before they were cast away in
+their great ship; but it seems they verily believed it
+was the devil.</p>
+
+<p>One would think these things should induce them
+to reform their lives, but so many reprobates together,
+encouraged and spirited one another up in
+their wickedness, to which a continual course of
+drinking did not a little contribute, for in Black-beard's
+journal, which was taken, there were several
+memorandums of the following nature found writ
+with his own hand: Such a day rum all out; our
+company somewhat sober; a damned confusion
+amongst us; rouges a-plotting; great talk of separation;
+so I looked sharp for a prize; such a day took
+one with a great deal of liquor on board, so kept
+the company hot, damned hot, then all things went
+well again.</p>
+
+<p>Thus it was these wretches passed their lives,
+with very little pleasure or satisfaction in the possession
+of what they violently take away from
+others, and sure to pay for it at last by an ignominious
+death.</p>
+
+<p>The names of the pirates killed in the engagement,
+are as follows:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Edward Teach, commander; Philip Morton, gunner;
+Garret Gibbens, boatswain; Owen Roberts, carpenter;
+Thomas Miller, quartermaster; John
+Husk, Joseph Curtice, Joseph Brooks (1), Nath.
+Jackson. All the rest, except the two last, were
+wounded, and afterwards hanged in Virginia:&mdash;John
+Carnes, Joseph Brooks (2), James Blake,
+John Gills, Thomas Gates, James White, Richard
+Stiles, C&aelig;sar, Joseph Philips, James Robbins, John
+Martin, Edward Salter, Stephen Daniel, Richard
+Greensail, Israel Hands, pardoned, Samuel Odel,
+acquitted.</p>
+
+<p>There were in the pirate sloops, and ashore in a
+tent near where the sloops lay, twenty-five hogsheads
+of sugar, eleven tierces, and one hundred and
+forty-five bags of cocoa, a barrel of indigo, and a
+bale of cotton; which, with what was taken from
+the governor and secretary, and the sale of the
+sloop, came to &pound;2,500, besides the rewards paid by
+the governor of Virginia, pursuant to his proclamation;
+all which was divided among the companies
+of the two ships, <i>Lime</i> and <i>Pearl</i>, that lay in
+James River; the brave fellows that took them coming
+in for no more than their dividend amongst the
+rest, and were paid it not till four years afterwards.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span></p>
+<h4>II<br />
+<span class="smcap">Captain William Kid</span></h4>
+
+<p>We are now going to give an account of one
+whose name is better known in England than most
+of those whose histories we have already related;
+the person we mean is Captain Kid, whose public
+trial and execution here rendered him the subject
+of all conversation, so that his actions have been
+chanted about in ballads; however, it is now a considerable
+time since these things passed, and though
+the people knew in general that Captain Kid was
+hanged, and that his crime was piracy, yet there
+were scarce any, even at that time, who were acquainted
+with his life or actions, or could account
+for his turning pirate.</p>
+
+<p>In the beginning of King William's war, Captain
+Kid commanded a privateer in the West Indies, and
+by several adventurous actions acquired the reputation
+of a brave man, as well as an experienced seaman.
+About this time the pirates were very troublesome
+in those parts, wherefore Captain Kid was
+recommended by the Lord Bellamont, then governor
+of Barbadoes, as well as by several other persons, to
+the Government here, as a person very fit to be entrusted
+with the command of a Government ship,
+and to be employed in cruising upon the pirates, as
+knowing those seas perfectly well, and being acquainted
+with all their lurking places; but what reasons
+governed the politics of those times I cannot<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span>
+tell, but this proposal met with no encouragement
+here, though it is certain it would have been of great
+consequence to the subject, our merchants suffering
+incredible damages by those robbers.</p>
+
+<p>Upon this neglect the Lord Bellamont and some
+others, who knew what great captures had been
+made by the pirates, and what a prodigious wealth
+must be in their possession, were tempted to fit out
+a ship at their own private charge, and to give the
+command of it to Captain Kid; and to give the thing
+a great reputation, as well as to keep their seamen
+under the better command, they procured the King's
+Commission for the said Captain Kid, of which the
+following is an exact copy:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">William Rex</span>,&mdash;William the Third, by the grace of
+God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender
+of the Faith, &amp;c. To our trusty and well-beloved
+Captain William Kid, Commander of the ship the <i>Adventure</i>
+galley, or to any other the commander of the same for the
+time being, greeting; Whereas we are informed, that Captain
+Thomas Too, John Ireland, Captain Thomas Wake, and
+Captain William Maze, or Mace, and other subjects, natives
+or inhabitants of New York, and elsewhere, in our plantations
+in America, have associated themselves, with divers
+others, wicked and ill-disposed persons, and do, against the
+law of nations, commit many and great piracies, robberies,
+and depredations on the seas upon the parts of America, and
+in other parts, to the great hindrance and discouragement of
+trade and navigation, and to the great danger and hurt of our
+loving subjects, our allies, and all others, navigating the seas
+upon their lawful occasions. Now know ye, that we being<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span>
+desirous to prevent the aforesaid mischiefs, and, as much as
+in us lies, to bring the said pirates, freebooters and sea-rovers
+to justice, have thought fit, and do hereby give and grant to
+the said William Kid (to whom our Commissioners for
+exercising the office of Lord High Admiral of England, have
+granted a commission as a private man-of-war, bearing date
+December 11, 1695), and unto the commander of the said
+ship for the time being, and unto the officers, mariners, and
+others, which shall be under your command, full power and
+authority to apprehend, seize, and take into your custody as
+well the said Captain Thomas Too, John Ireland, Captain
+Thomas Wake, and Captain William Maze, or Mace, as all
+such pirates, freebooters and sea-rovers, being either our subjects,
+or of other nations associated with them, which you
+shall meet with upon the seas or coasts of America, or upon
+any other seas or coasts, with all their ships and vessels; and
+all such merchandises, money, goods, and wares as shall be
+found on board, or with them, in case they shall willingly
+yield themselves; but if they will not yield without fighting,
+then you are by force to compel them to yield. And we do
+also require you to bring, or cause to be brought, such pirates,
+freebooters, or sea-rovers, as you shall seize, to a legal trial,
+to the end they may be proceeded against according to the
+law in such cases. And we do hereby command all our
+officers, ministers, and other our loving subjects whatsoever,
+to be aiding and assisting to you in the premisses. And we
+do hereby enjoin you to keep an exact journal of your proceedings
+in the execution of the premisses, and set down the
+names of such pirates, and of their officers and company, and
+the names of such ships and vessels as you shall by virtue of
+these presents take and seize, and the quantities of arms,
+ammunition, provision, and lading of such ships, and the true<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span>
+value of the same, as near as you judge. And we do hereby
+strictly charge and command you as you will answer the
+contrary at your peril, that you do not, in any manner, offend
+or molest our friends or allies, their ships, or subjects, by
+colour or pretence of these presents, or the authority thereby
+granted. In witness whereof we have caused our Great Seal
+of England to be affixed to these presents. Given at our
+Court of Kensington, the 26th day of January, 1695, in the
+seventh year of our reign."</p></div>
+
+<p>Captain Kid had also another commission, which
+was called a Commission of Reprisals; for it being
+then war time, this commission was to justify him in
+the taking of French merchant ships, in case he
+should meet with any.</p>
+
+<p>With these two commissions he sailed out of
+Plymouth in May, 1696, in the <i>Adventure</i> galley of
+thirty guns and eighty men. The place he first designed
+for was New York; in his voyage thither he
+took a French banker, but this was no act of piracy,
+he having a commission for that purpose, as we have
+just observed.</p>
+
+<p>When he arrived at New York he put up articles
+for engaging more hands, it being necessary to his
+ship's crew, since he proposed to deal with a desperate
+enemy. The terms he offered were that every
+man should have a share of what was taken, reserving
+for himself and owners forty shares. Upon
+which encouragement he soon increased his company
+to a hundred and fifty-five men.</p>
+
+<p>With this company he sailed first for Madeira,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span>
+where he took in wine and some other necessaries;
+from thence he proceeded to Bonavist, one of the
+Cape de Verde islands, to furnish the ship with salt,
+and from thence went immediately to St. Jago, another
+of the Cape de Verde islands, in order to
+stock himself with provisions. When all this was
+done he bent his course to Madagascar, the known
+rendezvous of pirates. In his way he fell in with
+Captain Warren, commodore of three men-of-war;
+he acquainted them with his design, kept them company
+two or three days, and then leaving them made
+the best way for Madagascar, where he arrived in
+February, 1696, just nine months from his departure
+from Plymouth.</p>
+
+<p>It happened that at this time the pirate ships were
+most of them out in search of prey, so that, according
+to the best intelligence Captain Kid could
+get, there was not one of them at this time about
+the island, wherefore, having spent some time in
+watering his ship and taking in more provisions, he
+thought of trying his fortune on the coast of Malabar,
+where he arrived in the month of June following,
+four months from his reaching Madagascar.
+Hereabouts he made an unsuccessful cruise, touching
+sometimes at the island of Mahala, sometimes
+at that of Joanna, between Malabar and Madagascar.
+His provisions were every day wasting, and
+his ship began to want repair; wherefore, when he
+was at Joanna, he found means of borrowing a sum
+of money from some Frenchmen who had lost their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span>
+ship, but saved their effects, and with this he purchased
+materials for putting his ship in good repair.</p>
+
+<p>It does not appear all this while that he had the
+least design of turning pirate, for near Mahala and
+Joanna both he met with several Indian ships richly
+laden, to which he did not offer the least violence,
+though he was strong enough to have done what he
+pleased with them; and the first outrage or depredation
+I find he committed upon mankind was after
+his repairing his ship and leaving Joanna. He
+touched at a place called Mabbee, upon the Red
+Sea, where he took some Guinea corn from the
+natives, by force.</p>
+
+<p>After this he sailed to Bab's Key, a place upon
+a little island at the entrance of the Red Sea. Here
+it was that he first began to open himself to his
+ship's company, and let them understand that he intended
+to change his measures; for, happening to
+talk of the Moca fleet which was to sail that way, he
+said, "We have been unsuccessful hitherto; but
+courage, my boys, we'll make our fortunes out of
+this fleet." And finding that none of them appeared
+averse to it he ordered a boat out, well
+manned, to go upon the coast to make discoveries,
+commanding them to take a prisoner and bring to
+him, or get intelligence any way they could. The
+boat returned in a few days, bringing him word
+that they saw fourteen or fifteen ships ready to sail,
+some with English, some with Dutch, and some with
+Moorish colors.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We cannot account for this sudden change in his
+conduct, otherwise than by supposing that he first
+meant well, while he had hopes of making his fortune
+by taking of pirates; but now, weary of ill-success,
+and fearing lest his owners, out of humor at
+their great expenses, should dismiss him, and he
+should want employment, and be marked out for
+an unlucky man&mdash;rather, I say, than run the hazard
+of poverty, he resolved to do his business one way,
+since he could not do it another.</p>
+
+<p>He therefore ordered a man continually to watch
+at the mast-head, lest this fleet should go by them;
+and about four days after, towards evening it appeared
+in sight, being convoyed by one English and
+one Dutch man-of-war. Kid soon fell in with them,
+and, getting into the midst of them, fired at a
+Moorish ship which was next him; but the men-of-war,
+taking the alarm, bore down upon Kid, and,
+firing upon him, obliged him to sheer off, he not being
+strong enough to contend with them. Now he
+had begun hostilities he resolved to go on, and therefore
+he went and cruised along the coast of Malabar.
+The first prize he met was a small vessel belonging
+to Aden; the vessel was Moorish, and the
+owners were Moorish merchants, but the master was
+an Englishman; his name was Parker. Kid forced
+him and a Portuguese that was called Don Antonio,
+which were all the Europeans on board, to take on
+with them; the first he designed as a pilot, and the
+last as an interpreter. He also used the men very<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span>
+cruelly, causing them to be hoisted up by the arms,
+and drubbed with a naked cutlass, to force them to
+discover whether they had money on board, and
+where it lay; but as they had neither gold nor silver
+on board he got nothing by his cruelty; however, he
+took from them a bale of pepper, and a bale of coffee,
+and so let them go.</p>
+
+<p>A little time after he touched at Carawar, a place
+upon the same coast, where, before he arrived, the
+news of what he had done to the Moorish ship had
+reached them; for some of the English merchants
+there had received an account of it from the owners,
+who corresponded with them; wherefore, as soon as
+Kid came in, he was suspected to be the person who
+committed this piracy, and one Mr. Harvey and
+Mr. Mason, two of the English factory, came on
+board and asked for Parker and Antonio, the Portuguese,
+but Kid denied that he knew any such persons,
+having secured them both in a private place in
+the hold, where they were kept for seven or eight
+days, that is till Kid sailed from thence.</p>
+
+<p>However, the coast was alarmed, and a Portuguese
+man-of-war was sent out to cruise. Kid met
+with her, and fought her about six hours, gallantly
+enough; but finding her too strong to be taken, he
+quitted her, for he was able to run away from
+her when he would. Then he went to a place
+called Porco, where he watered the ship, and bought
+a number of hogs of the natives to victual his company.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Soon after this he came up with a Moorish ship,
+the master whereof was a Dutchman, called Schipper
+Mitchel, and chased her under French colors,
+which, they observing, hoisted French colors too.
+When he came up with her he hailed her in French,
+and they, having a Frenchman on board, answered
+him in the same language; upon which he ordered
+them to send their boat on board. They were
+obliged to do so, and having examined who they
+were, and from whence they came, he asked the
+Frenchman, who was a passenger, if he had a French
+pass for himself? The Frenchman gave him to
+understand that he had. Then he told the Frenchman
+he must pass for captain, and "by G&mdash;d," says
+he, "you are the captain." The Frenchman durst
+not refuse doing as he would have him. The meaning
+of this was, that he would seize the ship as fair
+prize, and as if she had belonged to French subjects,
+according to a commission he had for that
+purpose; though, one would think, after what he had
+already done, that he need not have recourse to a
+quibble to give his actions a color.</p>
+
+<p>In short, he took the cargo and sold it some time
+after; yet still he seemed to have some fears upon
+him lest these proceedings should have a bad end,
+for, coming up with a Dutch ship some time, when
+his men thought of nothing but attacking her, Kid
+opposed it; upon which a mutiny arose, and the majority
+being for taking the said ship, and arming
+themselves to man the boat to go and seize her, he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span>
+told them, such as did, never should come on board
+him again, which put an end to the design, so that
+he kept company with the said ship some time, without
+offering her any violence. However, this dispute
+was the occasion of an accident, upon which
+an indictment was afterwards grounded against
+Kid; for Moor, the gunner, being one day upon
+deck, and talking with Kid about the said Dutch
+ship, some words arose between them, and Moor
+told Kid that he had ruined them all; upon which
+Kid, calling him dog, took up a bucket and struck
+him with it, which, breaking his skull, he died the
+next day.</p>
+
+<p>But Kid's penitential fit did not last long, for,
+coasting along Malabar, he met with a great number
+of boats, all which he plundered. Upon the
+same coast he also lighted upon a Portuguese ship,
+which he kept possession of a week, and then, having
+taken out of her some chests of Indian goods,
+thirty jars of butter, with some wax, iron, and a
+hundred bags of rice, he let her go.</p>
+
+<p>Much about the same time he went to one of the
+Malabar islands for wood and water, and his cooper,
+being ashore, was murdered by the natives; upon
+which Kid himself landed, and burnt and pillaged
+several of their houses, the people running away;
+but having taken one, he caused him to be tied to a
+tree, and commanded one of his men to shoot him;
+then putting to sea again he took the greatest prize
+which fell into his hands while he followed his trade.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span>
+This was a Moorish ship of four hundred tons,
+richly laden, named the <i>Queda</i>, merchant, the master
+whereof was an Englishman&mdash;he was called
+Wright, for the Indians often make use of English
+or Dutch men to command their ships, their own
+mariners not being so good artists in navigation.
+Kid chased her under French colors, and, having
+come up with her, he ordered her to hoist out her
+boat and to send on board of him, which, being
+done, he told Wright he was his prisoner; and informing
+himself concerning the said ship, he understood
+there were no Europeans on board except two
+Dutch, and one Frenchman, all the rest being Indians
+or Armenians, and that the Armenians were
+part owners of the cargo. Kid gave the Armenians
+to understand that if they would offer anything that
+was worth his taking for their ransom, he would
+hearken to it; upon which they proposed to pay him
+twenty thousand rupees, not quite three thousand
+pounds sterling; but Kid judged this would be making
+a bad bargain, wherefore he rejected it, and setting
+the crew on shore at different places on the
+coast, he soon sold as much of the cargo as came to
+near ten thousand pounds. With part of it he also
+trafficked, receiving in exchange provisions or such
+other goods as he wanted. By degrees he disposed
+of the whole cargo, and when the division was made
+it came to about two hundred pounds a man, and,
+having reserved forty shares to himself, his dividend
+amounted to about eight thousand pounds sterling.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Indians along the coast came on board and
+trafficked with all freedom, and he punctually performed
+his bargains, till about the time he was ready
+to sail; and then, thinking he should have no further
+occasion for them, he made no scruple of taking
+their goods and setting them on shore without any
+payment in money or goods, which they little expected;
+for as they had been used to deal with
+pirates, they always found them men of honor in
+the way of trade&mdash;a people, enemies to deceit, and
+that scorned to rob but in their own way.</p>
+
+<p>Kid put some of his men on board the <i>Queda</i>,
+merchant, and with this ship and his own sailed
+for Madagascar. As soon as he was arrived and
+had cast anchor there came on board of him a canoe,
+in which were several Englishmen who had formerly
+been well acquainted with Kid. As soon as
+they saw him they saluted him and told him they
+were informed he was come to take them, and hang
+them, which would be a little unkind in such an old
+acquaintance. Kid soon dissipated their doubts by
+swearing he had no such design, and that he was now
+in every respect their brother, and just as bad as
+they, and, calling for a cup of bomboo, drank their
+captain's health.</p>
+
+<p>These men belonged to a pirate ship, called the
+<i>Resolution</i>, formerly the <i>Mocco</i>, merchant, whereof
+one Captain Culliford was commander, and which
+lay at an anchor not far from them. Kid went on
+board with them, promising them his friendship and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span>
+assistance, and Culliford in his turn came on board
+of Kid; and Kid, to testify his sincerity in iniquity,
+finding Culliford in want of some necessaries, made
+him a present of an anchor and some guns, to fit
+him out for the sea again.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Adventure</i> galley was now so old and leaky
+that they were forced to keep two pumps continually
+going, wherefore Kid shifted all the guns and tackle
+out of her into the <i>Queda</i>, merchant, intending her
+for his man-of-war; and as he had divided the money
+before, he now made a division of the remainder of
+the cargo. Soon after which the greatest part of
+the company left him, some going on board Captain
+Culliford, and others absconding in the country,
+so that he had not above forty men left.</p>
+
+<p>He put to sea and happened to touch at Amboyna,
+one of the Dutch spice islands, where he was told
+that the news of his actions had reached England,
+and that he was there declared a pirate.</p>
+
+<p>The truth of it is, his piracies so alarmed our
+merchants that some motions were made in Parliament,
+to inquire into the commission that was given
+him, and the persons who fitted him out. These proceedings
+seemed to lean a little hard upon the Lord
+Bellamont, who thought himself so much touched
+thereby that he published a justification of himself
+in a pamphlet after Kid's execution. In the meantime
+it was thought advisable, in order to stop the
+course of these piracies, to publish a proclamation,
+offering the king's free pardon to all such pirates as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span>
+should voluntarily surrender themselves, whatever
+piracies they had been guilty of at any time, before
+the last day of April, 1699. That is to say, for all
+piracies committed eastward of the Cape of Good
+Hope, to the longitude and meridian of Socatora
+and Cape Camorin. In which proclamation Avery<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a>
+and Kid were excepted by name.</p>
+
+<p>When Kid left Amboyna he knew nothing of
+this proclamation, for certainly had he had notice
+of his being excepted in it he would not have been
+so infatuated to run himself into the very jaws of
+danger; but relying upon his interest with the Lord
+Bellamont, and fancying that a French pass or two
+he found on board some of the ships he took would
+serve to countenance the matter, and that part of
+the booty he got would gain him new friends&mdash;I say,
+all these things made him flatter himself that all
+would be hushed, and that justice would but wink
+at him. Wherefore he sailed directly for New
+York, where he was no sooner arrived but by the
+Lord Bellamont's orders he was secured with all his
+papers and effects. Many of his fellow-adventurers
+who had forsook him at Madagascar, came over
+from thence passengers, some to New England, and
+some to Jersey, where, hearing of the king's proclamation
+for pardoning of pirates, they surrendered
+themselves to the governor of those places. At first
+they were admitted to bail, but soon after were laid<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span>
+in strict confinement, where they were kept for some
+time, till an opportunity happened of sending them
+with their captain over to England to be tried.</p>
+
+<p>Accordingly, a Sessions of Admiralty being held
+at the Old Bailey, in May, 1701, Captain Kid,
+Nicholas Churchill, James How, Robert Lumley,
+William Jenkins, Gabriel Loff, Hugh Parrot, Richard
+Barlicorn, Abel Owens, and Darby Mullins,
+were arraigned for piracy and robbery on the high
+seas, and all found guilty except three: these were
+Robert Lumley, William Jenkins, and Richard
+Barlicorn, who, proving themselves to be apprentices
+to some of the officers of the ship, and producing
+their indentures in court, were acquitted.</p>
+
+<p>The three above mentioned, though they were
+proved to be concerned in taking and sharing the
+ship and goods mentioned in the indictment, yet, as
+the gentlemen of the long robe rightly distinguished,
+there was a great difference between their circumstances
+and the rest; for there must go an intention
+of the mind and a freedom of the will to the committing
+an act of felony or piracy. A pirate is not
+to be understood to be under constraint, but a free
+agent; for, in this case, the bare act will not make
+a man guilty, unless the will make it so.</p>
+
+<p>Kid was tried upon an indictment of murder also&mdash;viz.,
+for killing Moor, the gunner&mdash;and found
+guilty of the same.</p>
+
+<p>As to Captain Kid's defense, he insisted much
+upon his own innocence, and the villainy of his men.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span>
+He said he went out in a laudable employment, and
+had no occasion, being then in good circumstances,
+to go a-pirating; that the men often mutinied against
+him, and did as they pleased; that he was threatened
+to be shot in his cabin, and that ninety-five left him
+at one time, and set fire to his boat, so that he was
+disabled from bringing his ship home, or the prizes
+he took, to have them regularly condemned, which
+he said were taken by virtue of a commission under
+the broad seal, they having French passes. The
+captain called one Colonel Hewson to his reputation,
+who gave him an extraordinary character, and declared
+to the court that he had served under his
+command, and been in two engagements with him
+against the French, in which he fought as well as
+any man he ever saw; that there were only Kid's
+ship and his own against Monsieur du Cass, who
+commanded a squadron of six sail, and they got the
+better of him. But this being several years before
+the facts mentioned in the indictment were committed,
+proved of no manner of service to the prisoner
+on his trial.</p>
+
+<p>As to the friendship shown to Culliford, a notorious
+pirate, Kid denied, and said he intended to have
+taken him, but his men, being a parcel of rogues and
+villains, refused to stand by him, and several of them
+ran away from his ship to the said pirate. But the
+evidence being full and particular against him, he
+was found guilty as before mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>When Kid was asked what he had to say why<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span>
+sentence should not pass against him, he answered
+that "he had nothing to say, but that he had been
+sworn against by perjured, wicked people." And
+when sentence was pronounced, he said, "My lord,
+it is a very hard sentence. For my part I am the
+innocentest person of them all, only I have been
+sworn against by perjured persons."</p>
+
+<p>Wherefore, about a week after, Captain Kid,
+Nicholas Churchill, James How, Gabriel Loff,
+Hugh Parrot, Abel Owen, and Darby Mullins, were
+executed at Execution Dock, and afterwards hung
+up in chains, at some distance from each other down
+the river, where their bodies hung exposed for many
+years.</p>
+
+<h4>III<br />
+<span class="smcap">Captain Bartholomew Roberts and His Crew</span></h4>
+
+<p>Bartholomew Roberts sailed in an honest employ
+from London, aboard of the <i>Princess</i>, Captain
+Plumb, commander, of which ship he was second
+mate. He left England November, 1719, and
+arrived at Guinea about February following and
+being at Anamaboe, taking in slaves for the West
+Indies, was taken in the said ship by Captain Howel
+Davis. In the beginning he was very averse to this
+sort of life, and would certainly have escaped from
+them had a fair opportunity presented itself; yet
+afterwards he changed his principles, as many besides
+him have done upon another element, and perhaps
+for the same reason too, viz., preferment; and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span>
+what he did not like as a private man he could reconcile
+to his conscience as a commander.</p>
+
+<p>Davis having been killed in the Island of Princes
+whilst planning to capture it with all its inhabitants,
+the company found themselves under the necessity
+of filling up his post, for which there appeared
+two or three candidates among the select part of
+them that were distinguished by the title of Lords&mdash;such
+were Sympson, Ashplant, Anstis, &amp;c.&mdash;and
+on canvassing this matter, how shattered and weak a
+condition their government must be without a head,
+since Davis had been removed in the manner before
+mentioned, my Lord Dennis proposed, it is said,
+over a bowl, to this purpose:</p>
+
+<p>"That it was not of any great signification who
+was dignified with title, for really and in good truth
+all good governments had, like theirs, the supreme
+power lodged with the community, who might doubtless
+depute and revoke as suited interest or humor.
+We are the original of this claim," says he, "and
+should a captain be so saucy as to exceed prescription
+at any time, why, down with him! It will be a caution
+after he is dead to his successors of what fatal
+consequence any sort of assuming may be. However,
+it is my advice that while we are sober we
+pitch upon a man of courage and skilled in navigation,
+one who by his council and bravery seems best
+able to defend this commonwealth, and ward us
+from the dangers and tempests of an unstable element,
+and the fatal consequences of anarchy; and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span>
+such a one I take Roberts to be&mdash;a fellow, I think,
+in all respects worthy your esteem and favor."</p>
+
+<p>This speech was loudly applauded by all but Lord
+Sympson, who had secret expectations himself, but
+on this disappointment grew sullen and left them,
+swearing "he did not care who they chose captain
+so it was not a papist, for against them he had conceived
+an irreconcilable hatred, for that his father
+had been a sufferer in Monmouth's rebellion."</p>
+
+<p>Roberts was accordingly elected, though he had
+not been above six weeks among them. The choice
+was confirmed both by the Lords and Commoners,
+and he accepted of the honor, saying that, since he
+had dipped his hands in muddy water and must be
+a pirate, it was better being a commander than a
+common man.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the government was settled, by promoting
+other officers in the room of those that were
+killed by the Portuguese, the company resolved to
+avenge Captain Davis's death, he being more than
+ordinarily respected by the crew for his affability and
+good nature, as well as his conduct and bravery upon
+all occasions; and, pursuant to this resolution, about
+thirty men were landed, in order to make an attack
+upon the fort, which must be ascended to by a steep
+hill against the mouth of the cannon. These men
+were headed by one Kennedy, a bold, daring fellow,
+but very wicked and profligate; they marched directly
+up under the fire of their ship guns, and as
+soon as they were discovered, the Portuguese<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span>
+quitted their post and fled to the town, and the
+pirates marched in without opposition, set fire to
+the fort, and threw all the guns off the hill into the
+sea, which after they had done they retreated quietly
+to their ship.</p>
+
+<p>But this was not looked upon as a sufficient satisfaction
+for the injury they received, therefore most
+of the company were for burning the town, which
+Roberts said he would yield to if any means could be
+proposed of doing it without their own destruction,
+for the town had a securer situation than the fort,
+a thick wood coming almost close to it, affording
+cover to the defendants, who, under such an advantage,
+he told them, it was to be feared, would
+fire and stand better to their arms; beside, that bare
+houses would be but a slender reward for their trouble
+and loss. This prudent advice prevailed; however,
+they mounted the French ship they seized at
+this place with twelve guns, and lightened her, in
+order to come up to the town, the water being shoal,
+and battered down several houses; after which they
+all returned on board, gave back the French ship to
+those that had most right to her, and sailed out of
+the harbor by the light of two Portuguese ships,
+which they were pleased to set on fire there.</p>
+
+<p>Roberts stood away to the southward, and met
+with a Dutch Guineaman, which he made prize of,
+but, after having plundered her, the skipper had his
+ship again. Two days after he took an English
+ship, called the <i>Experiment</i>, Captain Cornet, at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span>
+Cape Lopez; the men went all into the pirate service,
+and having no occasion for the ship they burnt her
+and then steered for St. Thome, but meeting with
+nothing in their way, they sailed for Annabona, and
+there watered, took in provisions, and put it to a
+vote of the company whether their next voyage
+should be to the East Indies or to Brazil. The latter
+being resolved on, they sailed accordingly, and in
+twenty-eight days arrived at Ferdinando, an uninhabited
+island on that coast. Here they watered,
+boot-topped their ship, and made ready for the designed
+cruise.</p>
+
+<p>Upon this coast our rovers cruised for about nine
+weeks, keeping generally out of sight of land, but
+without seeing a sail, which discouraged them so
+that they determined to leave the station and steer
+for the West Indies; and, in order thereto, stood
+in to make the land for the taking of their departure;
+and thereby they fell in unexpectedly with a
+fleet of forty-two sail of Portuguese ships off the bay
+of Los Todos Santos, with all their lading in, for
+Lisbon, several of them of good force, who lay-to
+waiting for two men-of-war of seventy guns each,
+their convoy. However, Roberts thought it should
+go hard with him, but he would make up his market
+among them, and thereupon mixed with the fleet, and
+kept his men hid till proper resolutions could be
+formed. That done, they came close up to one of
+the deepest, and ordered her to send the master on
+board quietly, threatening to give them no quarter if<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span>
+any resistance or signal of distress was made. The
+Portuguese, being surprised at these threats, and the
+sudden flourish of cutlasses from the pirates, submitted
+without a word, and the captain came on
+board. Roberts saluted him after a friendly manner
+telling him that they were gentlemen of fortune,
+but that their business with him was only to be
+informed which was the richest ship in that fleet;
+and if he directed them right he should be restored
+to his ship without molestation, otherwise he must
+expect immediate death.</p>
+
+<p>Whereupon this Portuguese master pointed to
+one of forty guns and a hundred and fifty men, a
+ship of greater force than the <i>Rover</i>; but this no
+ways dismayed them; they were Portuguese, they
+said, and so immediately steered away for him.
+When they came within hail, the master whom they
+had prisoner was ordered to ask "how Seignior Captain
+did?" and to invite him on board, "for that he
+had a matter of consequence to impart to him;"
+which being done, he returned for answer that "he
+would wait upon him presently," but by the bustle
+that immediately followed, the pirates perceived
+that they were discovered, and that this was only a
+deceitful answer to gain time to put their ship in a
+posture of defense; so without further delay they
+poured in a broadside, boarded, and grappled her.
+The dispute was short and warm, wherein many of
+the Portuguese fell, and two only of the pirates. By
+this time the fleet was alarmed: signals of top-gallant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span>
+sheets flying and guns fired to give notice to the
+men-of-war, who rid still at an anchor, and made but
+scurvy haste out to their assistance; and if what the
+pirates themselves related to be true, the commanders
+of those ships were blameable to the highest
+degree, and unworthy the title, or so much as the
+name, of men. For Roberts, finding the prize to
+sail heavy, and yet resolving not to lose her, lay
+by for the headmost of them, which much outsailed
+the other, and prepared for battle, which was ignominiously
+declined, though of such superior force;
+for, not daring to venture on the pirate alone, he
+tarried so long for his consort as gave them both
+time leisurely to make off.</p>
+
+<p>They found this ship exceedingly rich, being
+laden chiefly with sugar, skins, and tobacco, and in
+gold forty thousand moidores, besides chains and
+trinkets of considerable value; particularly a cross
+set with diamonds designed for the king of Portugal,
+which they afterwards presented to the governor
+of Caiana, by whom they were obliged.</p>
+
+<p>Elated with this booty, they had nothing now to
+think of but some safe retreat where they might
+give themselves up to all the pleasures that luxury
+and wantonness could bestow; and for the present
+pitched upon a place called the Devil's Islands in
+the river of Surinam, on the coast of Caiana, where
+they arrived, and found the civilest reception imaginable,
+not only from the governor and factory, but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span>
+their wives, who exchanged wares, and drove a considerable
+trade with them.</p>
+
+<p>They seized in this river a sloop, and by her
+gained intelligence that a brigantine had also sailed
+in company with her from Rhode Island, laden with
+provisions for the coast&mdash;a welcome cargo! They
+growing short in the sea store, and, as Sancho says,
+"No adventures to be made without belly-timber."
+One evening, as they were rummaging their mine of
+treasure, the Portuguese prize, this expected vessel
+was descried at the masthead, and Roberts, imagining
+nobody could do the business so well as himself,
+takes forty men in the sloop, and goes in pursuit
+of her; but a fatal accident followed this rash,
+though inconsiderable adventure, for Roberts, thinking
+of nothing less than bringing in the brigantine
+that afternoon, never troubled his head about the
+sloop's provision, nor inquired what there was on
+board to subsist such a number of men; but out he
+sails after his expected prize, which he not only lost
+further sight of, but after eight days' contending
+with contrary winds and currents, found themselves
+thirty leagues to leeward. The current still opposing
+their endeavors, and perceiving no hopes of beating
+up to their ship, they came to an anchor, and inconsiderately
+sent away the boat to give the rest of
+the company notice of their condition, and to order
+the ship to them; but too soon&mdash;even the next day&mdash;their
+wants made them sensible of their infatuation,
+for their water was all expended, and they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span>
+had taken no thought how they should be supplied
+till either the ship came or the boat returned, which
+was not likely to be under five or six days. Here,
+like Tantalus, they almost famished in sight of the
+fresh streams and lakes, being drove to such extremity
+at last that they were forced to tear up the
+floor of the cabin and patch up a sort of tub or tray
+with rope-yarns to paddle ashore and fetch off immediate
+supplies of water to preserve life.</p>
+
+<p>After some days the long-wished-for boat came
+back, but with the most unwelcome news in the
+world; for Kennedy, who was lieutenant, and left,
+in absence of Roberts, to command the privateer
+and prize, was gone off with both. This was mortification
+with a vengeance, and you may imagine they
+did not depart without some hard speeches from
+those that were left and had suffered by their treachery.
+And that there need be no further mention of
+this Kennedy, I shall leave Captain Roberts to vent
+his wrath in a few oaths and execrations, and follow
+the other, whom we may reckon from that time
+as steering his course towards Execution Dock.</p>
+
+<p>Kennedy was now chosen captain of the revolted
+crew, but could not bring his company to any determined
+resolution. Some of them were for pursuing
+the old game, but the greater part of them seemed
+to have inclinations to turn from those evil courses,
+and get home privately, for there was no act of
+pardon in force; therefore they agreed to break up,
+and every man to shift for himself, as he should<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span>
+see occasion. The first thing they did was to part
+with the great Portuguese prize, and having the
+master of the sloop (whose name, I think, was
+Cane) aboard, who, they said, was a very honest
+fellow&mdash;for he had humored them upon every occasion&mdash;told
+them of the brigantine that Roberts
+went after; and when the pirates first took him he
+complimented them at any odd rate, telling them
+they were welcome to his sloop and cargo, and
+wished that the vessel had been larger and the loading
+richer for their sakes. To this good-natured man
+they gave the Portuguese ship, which was then above
+half loaded, three or four negroes, and all his own
+men, who returned thanks to his kind benefactors,
+and departed.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Kennedy, in the <i>Rover</i>, sailed to Barbadoes,
+near which island they took a very peaceable
+ship belonging to Virginia. The commander
+was a Quaker, whose name was Knot; he had
+neither pistol, sword, nor cutlass on board; and Mr.
+Knot appearing so very passive to all they said to
+him, some of them thought this a good opportunity
+to go off; and accordingly eight of the pirates went
+aboard, and he carried them safe to Virginia. They
+made the Quaker a present of ten chests of sugar,
+ten rolls of Brazil tobacco, thirty moidores, and
+some gold dust, in all to the value of about &pound;250.
+They also made presents to the sailors, some more,
+some less, and lived a jovial life all the while they
+were upon their voyage, Captain Knot giving them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span>
+their way; nor, indeed, could he help himself, unless
+he had taken an opportunity to surprise them when
+they were either drunk or asleep, for awake they
+wore arms aboard the ship and put him in a continual
+terror, it not being his principle (or the
+sect's) to fight, unless with art and collusion. He
+managed these weapons well till he arrived at the
+Capes; and afterwards four of the pirates went off
+in a boat, which they had taken with them for the
+more easily making their escapes, and made up the
+bay towards Maryland, but were forced back by a
+storm into an obscure place of the country, where,
+meeting with good entertainment among the
+planters, they continued several days without being
+discovered to be pirates. In the meantime Captain
+Knot, leaving four others on board his ship who intended
+to go to North Carolina, made what haste
+he could to discover to Mr. Spotswood, the governor,
+what sort of passengers he had been forced
+to bring with him, who, by good fortune, got them
+seized; and search being made after the others, who
+were revelling about the country, they were also
+taken, and all tried, convicted, and hanged; two
+Portuguese Jews, who were taken on the coast of
+Brazil and whom they brought with them to Virginia,
+being the principal evidences. The latter had
+found means to lodge part of their wealth with the
+planters, who never brought it to account. But Captain
+Knot surrendered up everything that belonged
+to them that were taken aboard, even what they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span>
+presented to him, in lieu of such things as they
+had plundered him of in their passage, and obliged
+his men to do the like.</p>
+
+<p>Some days after the taking of the Virginiaman
+last mentioned, in cruising in the latitude of
+Jamaica, Kennedy took a sloop bound thither from
+Boston, loaded with bread and flour; aboard of this
+sloop went all the hands who were for breaking
+the gang, and left those behind that had a mind to
+pursue further adventures. Among the former was
+Kennedy, their captain, of whose honor they had
+such a despicable notion that they were about to
+throw him overboard when they found him in the
+sloop, as fearing he might betray them all at their
+return to England; he having in his childhood been
+bred a pick-pocket, and before he became a pirate a
+house-breaker; both professions that these gentlemen
+have a very mean opinion of. However, Captain
+Kennedy, by taking solemn oaths of fidelity to
+his companions, was suffered to proceed with them.</p>
+
+<p>In this company there was but one that pretended
+to any skill in navigation (for Kennedy could
+neither write nor read, he being preferred to the
+command merely for his courage, which indeed he
+had often signalized, particularly in taking the Portuguese
+ship), and he proved to be a pretender
+only; for, shaping their course to Ireland, where
+they agreed to land, they ran away to the north-west
+coast of Scotland, and there were tossed about
+by hard storms of wind for several days without<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>
+knowing where they were, and in great danger of
+perishing. At length they pushed the vessel into a
+little creek and went all ashore, leaving the sloop
+at an anchor for the next comers.</p>
+
+<p>The whole company refreshed themselves at a
+little village about five miles from the place where
+they left the sloop, and passed there for shipwrecked
+sailors, and no doubt might have travelled
+on without suspicion, but the mad and riotous manner
+of their living on the road occasioned their
+journey to be cut short, as we shall observe presently.</p>
+
+<p>Kennedy and another left them here, and, travelling
+to one of the seaports, shipped themselves for
+Ireland, and arrived there in safety. Six or seven
+wisely withdrew from the rest, travelled at their
+leisure, and got to their much-desired port of London
+without being disturbed or suspected, but the
+main gang alarmed the country wherever they
+came, drinking and roaring at such a rate that the
+people shut themselves up in their houses, in some
+places not daring to venture out among so many
+mad fellows. In other villages they treated the
+whole town, squandering their money away as if,
+like &AElig;sop, they wanted to lighten their burthens.
+This expensive manner of living procured two of
+their drunken stragglers to be knocked on the head,
+they being found murdered in the road and their
+money taken from them. All the rest, to the number
+of seventeen, as they drew nigh to Edinburgh,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>
+were arrested and thrown into gaol upon suspicion
+of they knew not what; however, the magistrates
+were not long at a loss for proper accusations, for
+two of the gang offering themselves for evidences
+were accepted of, and the others were brought to a
+speedy trial, whereof nine were convicted and executed.</p>
+
+<p>Kennedy having spent all his money, came over
+from Ireland and kept a public-house on Deptford
+Road, and now and then it was thought, made an
+excursion abroad in the way of his former profession,
+till one of his household gave information
+against him for a robbery, for which he was committed
+to Bridewell; but because she would not do
+the business by halves she found out a mate of a
+ship that Kennedy had committed piracy upon, as
+he foolishly confessed to her. This mate, whose
+name was Grant, paid Kennedy a visit in Bridewell,
+and knowing him to be the man, procured a warrant,
+and had him committed to the Marshalsea prison.</p>
+
+<p>The game that Kennedy had now to play was to
+turn evidence himself; accordingly he gave a list of
+eight or ten of his comrades, but, not being acquainted
+with their habitations, one only was taken,
+who, though condemned, appeared to be a man of a
+fair character, was forced into their service, and
+took the first opportunity to get from them, and
+therefore received a pardon; but Walter Kennedy,
+being a notorious offender, was executed July 19,
+1721, at Execution Dock.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The rest of the pirates who were left in the ship
+<i>Rover</i> stayed not long behind, for they went ashore
+to one of the West India islands. What became of
+them afterwards I cannot tell, but the ship was
+found at sea by a sloop belonging to <i>St. Christophers</i>,
+and carried into that island with only nine
+negroes aboard.</p>
+
+<p>Thus we see what a disastrous fate ever attends
+the wicked, and how rarely they escape the punishment
+due to their crimes, who, abandoned to such
+a profligate life, rob, spoil, and prey upon mankind,
+contrary to the light and law of nature, as well as
+the law of God. It might have been hoped that
+the examples of these deaths would have been as
+marks to the remainder of this gang, how to shun
+the rocks their companions had split on; that they
+would have surrendered to mercy, or divided themselves
+for ever from such pursuits, as in the end
+they might be sure would subject them to the same
+law and punishment, which they must be conscious
+they now equally deserved; impending law, which
+never let them sleep well unless when drunk. But all
+the use that was made of it here, was to commend
+the justice of the court that condemned Kennedy, for
+he was a sad dog, they said, and deserved the fate
+he met with.</p>
+
+<p>But to go back to Roberts, whom we left on the
+coast of Caiana, in a grievous passion at what
+Kennedy and the crew had done, and who was now
+projecting new adventures with his small company<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span>
+in the sloop; but finding hitherto they had been but
+as a rope of sand, they formed a set of articles to
+be signed and sworn to for the better conservation
+of their society, and doing justice to one another, excluding
+all Irishmen from the benefit of it, to whom
+they had an implacable aversion upon the account of
+Kennedy. How, indeed, Roberts could think that
+an oath would be obligatory where defiance had
+been given to the laws of God and man, I cannot
+tell, but he thought their greatest security lay in
+this&mdash;"that it was every one's interest to observe
+them, if they minded to keep up so abominable a
+combination."</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>The following is the substance of articles as taken
+from the pirates' own informations:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">I</p></div>
+
+<p>Every man has a vote in affairs of moment, has
+equal title to the fresh provisions or strong liquors
+at any time seized, and may use them at pleasure,
+unless a scarcity (no uncommon thing among them)
+make it necessary for the good of all to vote a retrenchment.</p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">II</p></div>
+
+<p>Every man to be called fairly in turn by list, on
+board of prizes, because, over and above their
+proper share, they were on these occasions allowed a
+shift of clothes. But if they defrauded the company
+to the value of a dollar, in plate, jewels, or
+money, marooning was their punishment. (This<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span>
+was a barbarous custom of putting the offender on
+shore, on some desolate or uninhabited cape or
+island, with a gun, a few shot, a bottle of water, a
+bottle of powder, to subsist with or starve.) If the
+robbery was only between one another, they contented
+themselves with slitting the ears and nose of
+him that was guilty, and set him on shore, not in an
+uninhabited place, but somewhere where he was
+sure to encounter hardships.</p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">III</p></div>
+
+<p>No person to game at cards or dice for money.</p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">IV</p></div>
+
+<p>The lights and candles to be put out at eight
+o'clock at night. If any of the crew after that hour
+still remained inclined for drinking, they were to do
+it on the open deck. (Which Roberts believed
+would give a check to their debauches, for he was
+a sober man himself, but found at length that all
+his endeavors to put an end to this debauch proved
+ineffectual.)</p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">V</p></div>
+
+<p>To keep their piece, pistols, and cutlass clean, and
+fit for service. (In this they were extravagantly
+nice, endeavoring to outdo one another in the beauty
+and richness of their arms, giving sometimes at an
+auction&mdash;at the mast&mdash;&pound;30 or &pound;40 a pair for pistols.
+These were slung in time of service, with different
+colored ribbons, over their shoulders, in a way peculiar
+to these fellows, in which they took great delight.)<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">VI</p></div>
+
+<p>No boy or woman to be allowed amongst them.
+If any man were found seducing any of the latter
+sex, and carried her to sea disguised, he was to suffer
+death. (So that when any fell into their hands,
+as it chanced in the <i>Onslow</i>, they put a sentinel
+immediately over her to prevent ill consequences
+from so dangerous an instrument of division and
+quarrel; but then here lies the roguery&mdash;they contend
+who shall be sentinel, which happens generally
+to one of the greatest bullies.)</p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">VII</p></div>
+
+<p>To desert the ship or their quarters in battle, was
+punished with death or marooning.</p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">VIII</p></div>
+
+<p>No striking one another on board, but every
+man's quarrel to be ended on shore, at sword and
+pistol. Thus the quartermaster of the ship, when
+the parties will not come to any reconciliation, accompanies
+them on shore with what assistance he
+thinks proper, and turns the disputants back to back
+at so many paces distance. At the word of command
+they turn and fire immediately, or else the
+piece is knocked out of their hands. If both miss,
+they come to their cutlasses, and then he is declared
+victor who draws the first blood.</p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">IX</p></div>
+
+<p>No man to talk of breaking up their way of living
+till each had shared &pound;1,000. If, in order to this,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span>
+any man should lose a limb, or become a cripple in
+their service, he was to have 800 dollars out of the
+public stock, and for lesser hurts proportionably.</p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">X</p></div>
+
+<p>The captain and quartermaster to receive two
+shares of a prize; the master, boatswain, and gunner,
+one share and a half, the other officers one and
+a quarter.</p>
+
+<div class="p6"><p class="center">XI</p></div>
+
+<p>The musicians to have rest on the Sabbath-day,
+but the other six days and nights none without special
+favor.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>These, we are assured, were some of Roberts's
+articles, but as they had taken care to throw overboard
+the original they had signed and sworn to,
+there is a great deal of room to suspect the remainder
+contained something too horrid to be disclosed
+to any, except such as were willing to be
+sharers in the iniquity of them. Let them be what
+they will, they were together the test of all newcomers,
+who were initiated by an oath taken on a
+Bible, reserved for that purpose only, and were subscribed
+to in presence of the worshipful Mr. Roberts.
+And in case any doubt should arise concerning
+the construction of these laws, and it should remain
+a dispute whether the party had infringed
+them or no, a jury was appointed to explain them,
+and bring in a verdict upon the case in doubt.</p>
+
+<p>Since we are now speaking of the laws of this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span>
+company, I shall go on, and, in as brief a manner
+as I can, relate the principal customs and government
+of this roguish commonwealth, which are
+pretty near the same with all pirates.</p>
+
+<p>For the punishment of small offences which are
+not provided for by the articles, and which are not
+of consequence enough to be left to a jury, there
+is a principal officer among the pirates, called the
+quartermaster, of the men's own choosing, who
+claims all authority this way, excepting in time of
+battle. If they disobey his command, are quarrelsome
+and mutinous with one another, misuse prisoners,
+plunder beyond his order, and in particular,
+if they be negligent of their arms, which he musters
+at discretion, he punishes at his own arbitrament,
+with drubbing or whipping, which no one else dare
+do without incurring the lash from all the ship's
+company. In short, this officer is trustee for the
+whole, is the first on board any prize, separating
+for the company's use what he pleases, and returning
+what he thinks fit to the owners, excepting gold
+and silver, which they have voted not returnable.</p>
+
+<p>After a description of the quartermaster and his
+duty, who acts as a sort of civil magistrate on board
+a pirate ship, I shall consider their military officer,
+the captain; what privileges he exerts in such
+anarchy and unruliness of the members. Why,
+truly very little&mdash;they only permit him to be captain,
+on condition that they may be captain over
+him; they separate to his use the great cabin, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span>
+sometimes vote him small parcels of plate and
+china (for it may be noted that Roberts drank his
+tea constantly), but then every man, as the humor
+takes him, will use the plate and china, intrude into
+his apartment, swear at him, seize a part of his
+victuals and drink, if they like it, without his offering
+to find fault or contest it. Yet Roberts, by a
+better management than usual, became the chief director
+in everything of moment; and it happened
+thus:&mdash;The rank of captain being obtained by the
+suffrage of the majority, it falls on one superior for
+knowledge and boldness&mdash;pistol proof, as they call
+it&mdash;who can make those fear who do not love him.
+Roberts is said to have exceeded his fellows in these
+respects, and when advanced, enlarged the respect
+that followed it by making a sort of privy council
+of half a dozen of the greatest bullies, such as were
+his competitors, and had interest enough to make his
+government easy; yet even those, in the latter part
+of his reign, he had run counter to in every project
+that opposed his own opinion; for which, and because
+he grew reserved and would not drink and
+roar at their rate, a cabal was formed to take away
+his captainship, which death did more effectually.</p>
+
+<p>The captain's power is uncontrollable in chase or
+in battle, drubbing, cutting, or even shooting any
+one who dares deny his command. The same privilege
+he takes over prisoners, who receive good or ill
+usage mostly as he approves of their behavior, for
+though the meanest would take upon them to misuse<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span>
+a master of a ship, yet he would control herein
+when he sees it, and merrily over a bottle give his
+prisoners this double reason for it: first, that it preserved
+his precedence; and secondly, that it took the
+punishment out of the hands of a much more rash
+and mad set of fellows than himself. When he
+found that rigor was not expected from his people
+(for he often practiced it to appease them), then
+he would give strangers to understand that it was
+pure inclination that induced him to a good treatment
+of them, and not any love or partiality to their
+persons; for, says he, "there is none of you but will
+hang me, I know, whenever you can clinch me within
+your power."</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>And now, seeing the disadvantages they were under
+for pursuing their plans, viz., a small vessel ill
+repaired, and without provisions or stores, they resolved,
+one and all, with the little supplies they
+could get, to proceed for the West Indies, not
+doubting to find a remedy for all these evils and to
+retrieve their loss.</p>
+
+<p>In the latitude of Deseada, one of the islands,
+they took two sloops, which supplied them with provisions
+and other necessaries, and a few days afterwards
+took a brigantine belonging to Rhode Island,
+and then proceeded to Barbadoes, off of which
+island they fell in with a Bristol ship of ten guns,
+in her voyage out, from whom they took abundance
+of clothes, some money, twenty-five bales of goods,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span>
+five barrels of powder, a cable, hawser, ten casks of
+oatmeal, six casks of beef, and several other goods,
+besides five of their men; and after they had detained
+her three days let her go, who, being bound
+for the aforesaid island, she acquainted the governor
+with what had happened as soon as she arrived.</p>
+
+<p>Whereupon a Bristol galley that lay in the harbor
+was ordered to be fitted out with all imaginable
+expedition, of 20 guns and 80 men, there being
+then no man-of-war upon that station, and also a
+sloop with 10 guns and 40 men. The galley was
+commanded by one Captain Rogers, of Bristol, and
+the sloop by Captain Graves, of that island, and
+Captain Rogers, by a commission from the governor,
+was appointed commodore.</p>
+
+<p>The second day after Rogers sailed out of the
+harbor he was discovered by Roberts, who, knowing
+nothing of their design, gave them chase. The
+Barbadoes ships kept an easy sail till the pirates
+came up with them, and then Roberts gave them a
+gun, expecting they would have immediately struck
+to his piratical flag; but instead thereof, he was
+forced to receive the fire of a broadside, with three
+huzzas at the same time, so that an engagement ensued;
+but Roberts, being hardly put to it, was
+obliged to crowd all the sail the sloop would bear
+to get off. The galley, sailing pretty well, kept company
+for a long while, keeping a constant fire, which
+galled the pirate; however, at length, by throwing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span>
+over their guns and other heavy goods, and thereby
+lightening the vessel, they, with much ado, got clear;
+but Roberts could never endure a Barbadoes man
+afterwards, and when any ships belonging to that
+island fell in his way, he was more particularly
+severe to them than others.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Roberts sailed in the sloop to the island
+of Dominico, where he watered and got provisions
+of the inhabitants, to whom he gave goods in exchange.
+At this place he met with thirteen Englishmen,
+who had been set ashore by a French Guard
+de la Coste, belonging to Martinico, taken out of
+two New England ships that had been seized as
+prizes by the said French sloop. The men willingly
+entered with the pirates, and it proved a seasonable
+recruiting.</p>
+
+<p>They stayed not long here, though they had immediate
+occasion for cleaning their sloop, but did
+not think this a proper place; and herein they judged
+right, for the touching at this island had like to
+have been their destruction, because they, having
+resolved to go away to the Granada Islands for the
+aforesaid purpose, by some accident it came to be
+known to the French colony, who, sending word to
+the governor of Martinico, he equipped and manned
+two sloops to go in quest of them. The pirates
+sailed directly for the Granadilloes, and hall'd into
+a lagoon at Corvocoo, where they cleaned with unusual
+dispatch, staying but a little above a week, by
+which expedition they missed of the Martinico<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span>
+sloops only a few hours, Roberts sailing overnight
+and the French arriving the next morning. This
+was a fortunate escape, especially considering that
+it was not from any fears of their being discovered
+that they made so much haste from the island, but,
+as they had the impudence themselves to own, for
+the want of wine and women.</p>
+
+<p>Thus narrowly escaped, they sailed for Newfoundland,
+and arrived upon the banks the latter
+end of June, 1720. They entered the harbor of
+Trepassi with their black colors flying, drums beating,
+and trumpets sounding. There were two-and-twenty
+vessels in the harbor, which the men all
+quitted upon the sight of the pirate, and fled ashore.
+It is impossible particularly to recount the destruction
+and havoc they made here, burning and sinking
+all the shipping except a Bristol galley, and destroying
+the fisheries and stages of the poor planters
+without remorse or compunction; for nothing is so
+deplorable as power in mean and ignorant hands&mdash;it
+makes men wanton and giddy, unconcerned at the
+misfortunes they are imposing on their fellow-creatures,
+and keeps them smiling at the mischiefs that
+bring themselves no advantage. They are like madmen
+that cast fire-brands, arrows, and death, and
+say, Are not we in sport?</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> A contemporary narrative. From <i>The Buccaneers of America</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Avery was called "The King of the Pirates." See "<a href="#Page_89">The
+Daughter of the Great Mogul</a>."</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTURE OF THE
+SHIP <i>DERBY</i>, 1735</h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Captain Anselm</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">I&nbsp;fell</span> in with the Land of <i>Madagascar</i>, the
+Latitude of about 24 Degrees, 13 Minutes
+North: And some time before I had made it,
+I met with nothing but light Airs of Winds, and
+Calms, and continued so long. My People dropping
+down with the Scurvy, I took a small Still that
+I had, and distill'd Salt Water into Fresh. I allow'd
+them as much Pease and Flower as they could
+eat, that they might not eat any Salt Provision, tho'
+I boil'd it in fresh Water. I had been very liberal
+with my fresh Provision in my Passage, to my
+People, and the Passage so long, that I had hardly
+any left, and that only a few Fowls; and myself and
+Officers too had been much out of Order. At last,
+being got to the Northward of <i>Augustin</i> Bay, seeing
+my poor People fall down so very fast, it gave me
+very great Concern for them, but still was willing,
+in Hopes of Change of Wind, for <i>Johanna</i>. But the
+small Airs trifled with me, and what there were
+Northerly, a Current setting to the Southward, that
+what to do I could not well tell. To go into <i>Augustin</i>
+Bay I was very unwilling: I had two Boats came<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span>
+off to me, the People talking tolerable good <i>English</i>.
+At last, my Doctor, <i>Sharp</i>, told me there were
+above Thirty People down with the Scurvy, and all
+the rest, even some of the Petty Officers, were
+touch'd with the same. If I did not soon put into
+Port, I plainly found I should have been in a bad
+Condition, for Men; I consulted with my Officers,
+to go into <i>Augustin</i> Bay, and we agreed, and bore
+away for it. Soon after, the Wind came Southerly,
+and I bore away for <i>Johanna</i>. A fine Passage I
+had, and anchor'd the next Day about Four
+in the Afternoon, being <i>Sept.</i> 13. I thank God
+I brought all my People in alive, and that is as much
+I can say of a good many of them. I had a
+Tent made ashore for them, and supplied them all
+that ever I could, and the Doctors assisting with
+every thing in their Way for their speedy Recovery.
+After I had been here a Fortnight, the Winds
+in the Day-time set in very fresh from the N. N. W.
+to the N. N. E. Finding the People recover so very
+slowly, what to do I could not tell. To go out with
+my People as bad as when they came in, I was not
+willing, but resolv'd to have Patience one Week
+more. I consulted with Mr. <i>Rogers</i>, my Chief-Mate,
+and told him that we must consider the Condition
+of the People, and how we met the Winds and
+Currents before we came in. The People of the
+Island told me, that this was about the time of Year
+for the Northerly Winds and Southerly Currents,
+and I told him I thought it better to trim all our<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span>
+Casks, and fill what Water we could, fearing of a
+long Passage, if our Stay was a little longer. Mr.
+<i>Rogers</i> was of my Opinion. This I must say, I
+found the Cask not so well used in the Hold, as they
+ought to have been, which caus'd the Coopers more
+Work; neither did I make a little Noise about it, because
+I had more Words with my Chief and Second
+Mate, about my Third and Fourth Mate, than
+any thing else.</p>
+
+<p>Having all my Water aboard, about 80 Tun, 25
+Head of Oxen, <i>&amp;c.</i>, I sail'd the 13th of <i>October</i>,
+with several of my Men not recover'd; some I
+buried at <i>Johanna</i>, and some after, to the Number
+of Ten, or thereabouts. Having a fine Gale, I made
+all the Sail I could, except Studding-sails, which I
+thought needless. The Wind veer'd to the Northward,
+and I was resolved to make the <i>Mallabar</i>
+Course as soon as possible, for the Advantage
+of the Land and Sea Winds. I had one Passenger
+aboard, a sad troublesome wicked Fellow,
+whose Behaviour was so bad, that I could hardly
+forbear using him ill. I forbid my Officers keeping
+Company with him; but Mr. <i>B&mdash;&mdash;s</i> would do it at
+all Events. I turn'd him once off the Quarter-Deck
+for being with him there, yet that did not avail. I
+came out one Night about half an Hour past Ten,
+my second Mate's Watch, and this <i>B&mdash;&mdash;s's</i> Turn
+to sleep; and seeing a Light in his Cabin, I sent Mr.
+<i>Cuddon</i>, the second Mate, to him, to know how he
+would be able to sit up one Watch, and keep his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span>
+own. Upon this <i>B&mdash;&mdash;s</i> came up half way the
+Steerage-Ladder, with his Pipe in his Hand, and
+talk'd to me very pertly; and that was not the first
+time. This put me into a Passion, to be so talk'd
+to by a Boy, that I did dismiss him for two or three
+Days, and then re-stated him, which was more than
+he deserv'd, for keeping Company with him for
+whom the worst of Names is good enough, and
+those who recommended him to his Commission.
+<i>B&mdash;&mdash;s</i> was told of this by Mr. <i>Rogers</i>, by my Orders,
+and I told him of it on the Quarter-Deck, and
+told him at the same time I was resolv'd to tell the
+Gentlemen at Home of &mdash;&mdash;; and ask'd him what he
+imagin'd they would think of him for keeping such
+swearing drunken Company. This was before I dismiss'd
+him.</p>
+
+<p>Before I came in with the Land, hearing much
+talk of <i>Angria</i>,<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> by Capt. <i>Scarlet</i>, and Mr. <i>Rogers</i>,
+and of his great Force (for I had very little Notion
+of him before) I took care to put the Ship in a
+proper Posture of Defence: Powder-Chests on the
+Quarter-Deck, Poop, and Forecastle, a Puncheon
+fill'd with Water in the Main-top, a Hogshead in
+the Fore-top, and a Barrel in the Mizen-top, all
+fill'd with Water: Chests with good Coverings in
+the Tops for Grenado-Shells; all the small Arms,
+with 50 new ones in Readiness. My Ship being too
+deep to get the Gun-room Ports open, as the Gunner
+inform'd me, the Ship <i>sending</i>, and the Sea<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span>
+washing above the Tops of the Ports; I got those
+Guns into the Great Cabin; Quarter-Bills over the
+Guns; the Rewards and Close-quarters, <i>&amp;c.</i> at
+the Mizen-mast, Shot-lockers and Shot in their
+proper Station; Pluggs for Shot-holes; and every
+thing that I could think of: and gave particular Orders
+to my Gunner, Carpenter, and Boatswain, to
+have every thing in their way, in Readiness, the two
+lower Yards flung with the Top-chains. Not being
+easy in my Mind about these Gun-room Stern-Ports,
+I sent Mr. <i>Rogers</i>, it being smooth Water, to open
+one of the Gun-room Stern-Ports, to see, if we could,
+on Occasion, get Guns out there, but he brought me
+Word it could not be done with Safety, the Ship
+being so deep. A few Days before I made the
+Land, the Winds used to vere and haul, that Offing
+in an Hour I could hardly up from E. N. E. to S. E.
+but the Winds chiefly kept to the Northward. I
+was very desirous to make the Land, not knowing
+how far the Southwest Currents might set me to the
+Westward. At noon, being <i>Dec.</i> 12, I made the
+Land of <i>Goa</i>, in the Latitude of 15 Degrees North.
+My Chief Mate wanted me to go into <i>Goa</i>, but I
+was resolved not, but to make the best of my Way
+for <i>Bombay</i>. The next Morning, having a fine Six-Knot-Gale,
+about Nine o' Clock Mr. <i>Rogers</i> told
+me, he saw <i>Gereah</i>, and desired me to haul further
+off Shore, and said, if <i>Angria</i> and his Grabbs should
+see us in his River, he would send them out after
+us. I asked him, if his Grabbs came out of Sight<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span>
+of Land. He told me they were afraid to do that,
+fearing the <i>Bombay</i> Vessels should get between
+them and the Shore, and keep them out of their
+Ports. To prevent running into Danger, I kept out
+of Sight of Land: I thought it better to do so, since
+it would make but a few Days Difference in getting
+at <i>Bombay</i>; making no Doubt I should get there
+the last of the Month, as doubtless we should, if we
+had not met with our sad Misfortune.</p>
+
+<p>When it was too late, I was acquainted by those
+taken in the <i>Severn</i>, that Mr. <i>Rogers</i> inform'd me
+wrong; for <i>Angria</i> sometimes keeps the Shore
+aboard, and sometimes goes directly out to Sea 60
+Leagues off. It was too late to reflect; neither
+could I blame myself, knowing I had done every
+thing to the best of my Judgment: But had I been
+better inform'd, it is my Opinion we might have
+escaped those cursed Dogs, by keeping in Shore,
+and taken the Advantage of the Land and Sea
+Winds.</p>
+
+<p>I have since repented that we did not go into
+<i>Goa</i>; but God knows whether a Man goes too fast
+or too slow; for I had certainly a very suitable
+Cargo for that Place; But my earnest Desire was to
+get to <i>Bombay</i>, the Season of the Year being far
+advanc'd.</p>
+
+<p><i>December</i> 26, being my second Mate's Morning
+Watch, about Five o' Clock he came to me, and told
+me he saw Nine Sail of Gallivats. I got up, and
+found them to be Five Top-mast Vessels, and Four<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span>
+Gallivats, not above two Miles from us. I order'd
+all Hands to be call'd, and down with the Cabins in
+the Steerage, which was done in an Instant, and
+every body to their respective Quarters. They came
+up with us apace, having but light Airs of Winds,
+and found them to be <i>Angria's</i> Fleet. I had the
+Transome in the great Cabin, and the Balcony in
+the Round-house cut away, for traversing the Stern-Chase
+Guns. They came up with me very boldly
+within Pistol-shot. Before Six, they began firing
+upon us, throwing their Shot in at our Stern, raking
+us afore and aft. I order'd everything to be got
+ready for going about, to give them my Broad-side,
+when my Chief-Mate Mr. <i>Rogers</i>, and my Third
+Mate Mr. <i>Burroughs</i> came to me, and begg'd that
+I would not put about, for if I did, they would certainly
+board us. As to my Part, being a Stranger to
+this Coast and <i>Angria</i>, knowing my Chief Mate had
+been often this Way, and my Third Mate had sail'd
+in the Gallies, I was over prevail'd upon not to tack
+about. As the Enemy kept under my Stern, playing
+their Shot in very hot upon us, and destroying
+my Rigging so fast, I soon after endeavour'd to
+wear the Ship upon the Enemy; but the Wind dying
+away to a Calm, she would not regard her Helm,
+but lay like a Log in the Water. By Eight o' Clock
+most of my Rigging was destroy'd, and the Long-boat
+taking Fire a-stern, was forc'd to cut her away.
+The Yaul being stove by their shot, we launch'd her
+overboard. By Nine, the Top-chain that flung the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span>
+Main-yard, was shot away, with Geer and Geer-Blocks.
+The Main-yard came next down, with the
+Sails almost torn to Pieces with the Shot. As fast
+as our People knotted and spliced the Rigging, it
+was shot away in their Hands. The Water-Tubs in
+the Tops were shot to pieces, and the Boatswain's
+Mate's Leg shot off in the Main-top. One
+of the Foremast-Men's Leg was shot off in the Fore-top,
+and one wounded. By Ten, the Mizen-mast
+was shot by the Board. Wanting People to cut the
+Mast-Rigging, <i>&amp;c.</i> from her Side, found them appear
+very thin upon Deck, and desired my younger
+Mates to drive them out of their Holes. Word
+was then brought me, that my Chief Mate's Leg
+was shot off, but that he was in good Heart. All
+this time it was a Calm, and our Guns of the Broad-side
+of no Service, not being able, during the Engagement,
+to bring one Gun to bear upon them.
+They kept throwing their shot so thick in at our
+Stern, with a continual Fire, and we return'd it as
+fast as we could load and fire. About One, my
+Main-mast was shot by the Board, and the Fall of
+that stove the Pinnace on the Booms. The Loss of
+my Main-mast gave me a very great Concern, and
+seeing the Condition of the Fore-mast, the Fore-yard
+half way down, and the Top-sail Yard-arm sprung
+in several Places, the Head of the Top-gallant-Mast
+shot away, render'd that Mast quite useless. I
+could not see which way it was in the Power of
+Men to save us from these Dogs. However, I made<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span>
+myself as easy as could be expected, and kept my
+Thoughts to myself. Tho' the Shot were like Hail
+about my Ears, I thank God I escaped them, neither
+did they give me much Uneasiness as to my Person.
+The Grabbs perceiving their great Advantage by the
+Fall of our Main-mast, <i>&amp;c.</i> tho' all the time before
+within Musket-Shot, come up boldly within Call,
+throwing in at our Stern Double-round and Partridge
+as fast as they could load and fire; we doing the
+same with Bolts, <i>&amp;c.</i> We saw a great many Holes in
+their Sails. Soon after this, they lodg'd two Double-head-Shot,
+and a large Stone in the Fore-mast, the
+Shrowds of which were mostly gone. I often sent
+Capt. <i>Scarlet</i> to Mr. <i>Cudden</i>, to encourage the
+People, and to take care to cool his Guns, and not
+fire in Haste, but take good Aim. We received two
+Double-headed-Shot in the Bread-room, which were
+soon plugg'd up, and one Shot under the Larboard
+Chesstree, but so low in the Water, that could not
+get at it, and the Ship prov'd leaky. I had a Pack
+of sad cowardly, ignorant Dogs as ever came into a
+Ship. As to my common Sailors, who were not
+above Twelve Seamen, with the Officers, they stood
+by me. It was all owing to my Misfortune on the
+<i>Mouse</i>, that I was so poorly Mann'd. As to my
+Third Mate, <i>B&mdash;&mdash;s</i>, he did not seem to stomach
+what he was about; he was sometimes on the Quarter-Deck
+(not being able to use any Guns but the
+Stern-Chase) and every Shot the Enemy fir'd, he
+cowardly trembled, with his Head almost down to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span>
+the Deck. This Captain <i>Scarlet</i> has often declared
+to the Gentlemen at <i>Bombay</i>, and before those that
+are now coming Home. I had six Men kill'd, and
+six their Legs shot off, with several others wounded
+by their Partridge-Shot, <i>&amp;c.</i> Had our People kept
+the Deck like Men, there must have been several
+more kill'd and wounded. About Three, I heard a
+great Call for Shot, and desired Capt. <i>Scarlet</i> to go
+to Mr. <i>Cuddon</i>, and tell him not to fire in Waste.</p>
+
+<p>We lay now just like a Wreck in the Sea, and at
+our Wits Ends. Our Shot being almost spent, we
+had a Hole cut in the Well to try to come at the
+Company's. We continued on with Double-round
+and Partridge, and Bolts, <i>&amp;c.</i> with a Double Allowance
+of Powder to each Gun, doing the utmost we
+could to save the Ship. The Tiller-rope was now
+shot away, tho' of no Service before. The Carpenter
+told me the Ship made a great deal of Water,
+and had above two Foot in her Hold. The Caulker
+afterwards told me she had three Foot. I saw
+nothing we could do more than firing our Stern-Chase.
+There was a sad Complaint for Shot; however
+we fir'd Bolts. I call'd out to the People to
+have good Hearts, and went into the Round-house
+to encourage them there. It was very hard we could
+stand no Chance for a Mast of theirs, nor no lucky
+Shot to disable some of them, in all the Number that
+we fir'd. As to our small Arms, they were of little
+Service, they keeping their Men so close. The Rigging
+of the Foremast being gone, and that fetching<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span>
+so much way, I expected it to go every Minute; and
+about Seven in the Evening, the Ship falling off into
+the Trough of the Sea, the Foremast came by the
+Board. It was now about Four o' Clock, when Mr.
+<i>Thomas Rogers</i>, my Chief Mate, sent my Steward
+to desire to speak with me. When I went to him,
+he spoke to me to this Purpose. "Sir," says he, "I
+am inform'd what Condition the Ship is in; as
+her Masts are gone, you had better not be obstinate,
+in standing out longer; it will only be the
+Means of making more Objects, of murdering
+more Men, and all to no Purpose, but to be used
+worse by the Enemy, for it is impossible to get
+away. Therefore you had better surrender." To
+the best of my Knowledge, I hardly made him any
+Answer; nor had I, before he sent to me, the least
+Thoughts of surrendering, which I declare before
+God and Man; tho' I was well convinc'd within myself,
+that it was impossible to save the Ship. I went
+up to my old Station the Quarter-Deck, and took
+several Turns, as usual, and proceeded in the Engagement.
+I begun to consider what Mr. <i>Rogers</i>
+told me, and the Condition of the Ship, and argue
+within myself the Impossibility of doing any more
+(for if a Gale had sprung up, it could be of no
+Service) and all the time from the Fall of our
+Main-mast, the Enemy were got so near, that I could
+hear them talk, and my Second Mate did the same.
+As to our Masts, they had gain'd their Ends, and
+their only Business now was to fire at the Hull.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span>
+There was no Hopes of their leaving us, considering
+the condition they had brought us to, and it could
+not be long before we sunk: for as they lay so near
+us, and so low in Water, our Shot must doubtless fly
+over them. At last I was of Mr. <i>Rogers's</i> Opinion,
+that it was only sacrificing the Men to no Purpose;
+for they had so large a Mark of us, they could not
+miss us; and during all the Engagement, as they
+play'd their Shot so hot at our Stern, it is surprizing
+there were not many more Men Kill'd. I then sent
+for my Second and Third Mate, and told them Mr.
+<i>Rogers's</i> Opinion and my own. They both agreed
+to it, and consented to the surrendering of the Ship.
+So we submitted to the Enemy, finding it in vain to
+proceed. By my Watch it was Five o' Clock. My
+Second and Third Mate went in to the Steerage to
+forbid firing, and myself in the Round-House, did
+the same. Every Body seem'd to be very well satisfied
+as to the surrendering Part, and no Objection
+was made. Colours we had none to strike; those
+and the Ensign-Staff were shot to Pieces; and what
+was left of the Ensign being made fast to the Main-Shrowds,
+went with the Mast. Capt. <i>Scarlet</i> went
+into the Round-House, and call'd the Enemy on
+board, and told them we had no Boats. They sent
+their Dingey aboard with Four Men for me and my
+chief Officers. They left Two of the Four aboard
+the <i>Derby</i>. Myself and my Second Mate went in
+the Dingey aboard the Grabb. We were gone an
+Hour and a half good, if not more; then we return'd<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span>
+in a Gallivat with 50 or 60 Men, but not a Soul
+went aboard the <i>Derby</i>, till we return'd. Then came
+aboard more Gallivats and more Men, and secured
+the Arms, <i>&amp;c.</i> and drove our People up, some to the
+Pumps, and some to clear the Rigging off the Ship's
+Side. They transkipt to their Grabbs what Treasure
+could be got at, and the next Day turn'd out the
+Remainder, with myself, <i>Scarlet</i>, <i>Cuddon</i>, the two
+Ladies, and my Servants, into one of the Grabbs.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> A noted pirate.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>FRANCIS LOLONOIS</h2>
+<div class="sp1"><p class="center"><span class="smcap">The Slave Who Became a Pirate King</span><a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a></p></div>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">John Esquemeling</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Francis Lolonois</span> was a native of that
+territory in France which is called Les Sables
+d'Olone, or The Sands of Olone. In his
+youth he was transported to the Caribbee islands,
+in quality of servant, or slave, according to custom.
+Having served his time, he came to Hispaniola;
+here he joined for some time with the hunters, before
+he began his robberies upon the Spaniards.</p>
+
+<p>At first he made two or three voyages as a common
+mariner, wherein he behaved himself so courageously
+as to gain the favor of the governor of
+Tortuga, Monsieur de la Place; insomuch that he
+gave him a ship, in which he might seek his fortune,
+which was very favorable to him at first; for in a
+short time he got great riches. But his cruelties
+against the Spaniards were such, that the fame of
+them made him so well known through the Indies,
+that the Spaniards, in his time, would choose rather
+to die, or sink fighting, than surrender, knowing they
+should have no mercy at his hands. But Fortune,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span>
+being seldom constant, after some time turned her
+back; for in a huge storm he lost his ship on the
+coast of Campechy. The men were all saved, but
+coming upon dry land, the Spaniards pursued them,
+and killed the greatest part, wounding also Lolonois.
+Not knowing how to escape, he saved his life by a
+stratagem; mingling sand with the blood of his
+wounds, with which besmearing his face, and other
+parts of his body, and hiding himself dextrously
+among the dead, he continued there till the Spaniards
+quitted the field.</p>
+
+<p>They being gone, he retired to the woods and
+bound up his wounds as well as he could. These
+being pretty well healed, he took his way to Campechy,
+having disguised himself in a Spanish habit;
+here he enticed certain slaves, to whom he promised
+liberty if they would obey him and trust to his conduct.
+They accepted his promises, and stealing a
+canoe, they went to sea with him. Now the Spaniards,
+having made several of his companions prisoners,
+kept them close in a dungeon, while Lolonois
+went about the town and saw what passed. These
+were often asked, "What is become of your captain?"
+To whom they constantly answered, "He is
+dead:" which rejoiced the Spaniards, who made
+thanks to God for their deliverance from such a
+cruel pirate. Lolonois, having seen these rejoicings
+for his death, made haste to escape, with the slaves
+above-mentioned, and came safe to Tortuga, the
+common refuge of all sorts of wickedness, and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span>
+seminary, as it were, of pirates and thieves. Though
+now his fortune was low, yet he got another ship
+with craft and subtlety, and in it twenty-one men.
+Being well provided with arms and necessaries, he
+set forth for Cuba, on the south whereof is a small
+village, called De los Cayos. The inhabitants drive
+a great trade in tobacco, sugar, and hides, and all
+in boats, not being able to use ships, by reason of
+the little depth of that sea.</p>
+
+<p>Lolonois was persuaded he should get here some
+considerable prey; but by the good fortune of some
+fishermen who saw him, and the mercy of God, they
+escaped him: for the inhabitants of the town dispatched
+immediately a vessel overland to the Havannah,
+complaining that Lolonois was come to destroy
+them with two canoes. The governor could
+hardly believe this, having received letters from
+Campechy that he was dead: but, at their importunity,
+he sent a ship for their relief, with ten guns
+and ninety men, well armed; giving them this express
+command, "that they should not return into
+his presence without having totally destroyed those
+pirates." To this effect he gave them a negro to
+serve for a hangman, and orders, "that they should
+immediately hang every one of the pirates, excepting
+Lolonois, their captain, whom they should bring
+alive to the Havannah." This ship arrived at
+Cayos, of whose coming the pirates were advertised
+beforehand, and instead of flying, went to seek it in
+the river Estera, where she rode at anchor. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span>
+pirates seized some fishermen, and forced them by
+night to show them the entry of the port, hoping
+soon to obtain a greater vessel than their two canoes,
+and thereby to mend their fortune. They arrived,
+after two in the morning, very nigh the ship; and
+the watch on board the ship asking them, whence
+they came, and if they had seen any pirates abroad.
+They caused one of the prisoners to answer, they
+had seen no pirates, nor anything else. Which answer
+made them believe that they were fled upon
+hearing of their coming.</p>
+
+<p>But they soon found the contrary, for about break
+of day the pirates assaulted the vessel on both sides,
+with their two canoes, with such vigor, that though
+the Spaniards behaved themselves as they ought,
+and made as good defense as they could, making
+some use of their great guns, yet they were forced
+to surrender, being beaten by the pirates, with sword
+in hand, down under the hatches. From hence Lolonois
+commanded them to be brought up, one by
+one, and in this order caused their heads to be struck
+off. Among the rest came up the negro, designed to
+be the pirates' executioner; this fellow implored
+mercy at his hands very dolefully, telling Lolonois
+he was constituted hangman of that ship, and if he
+would spare him, he would tell him faithfully all that
+he should desire. Lolonois, making him confess
+what he thought fit, commanded him to be murdered
+with the rest. Thus he cruelly and barbarously
+put them all to death, reserving only one alive,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span>
+whom he sent back to the governor of the Havannah,
+with this message in writing: "I shall never
+henceforward give quarter to any Spaniard whatsoever;
+and I have great hopes I shall execute on
+your own person the very same punishment I have
+done upon them you sent against me. Thus I have
+retaliated the kindness you designed to me and my
+companions." The governor, much troubled at this
+bad news, swore, in the presence of many, that he
+would never grant quarter to any pirate that should
+fall into his hands. But the citizens of the Havannah
+desired him not to persist in the execution of
+that rash and rigorous oath, seeing the pirates would
+certainly take occasion from thence to do the same,
+and they had an hundred times more opportunity of
+revenge than he; that being necessitated to get their
+livelihood by fishery, they should hereafter always
+be in danger of their lives. By these reasons he was
+persuaded to bridle his anger, and remit the severity
+of his oath.</p>
+
+<p>Now Lolonois had got a good ship, but very few
+provisions and people in it; to purchase both which
+he resolved to cruise from one port to another. Doing
+thus, for some time, without success, he determined
+to go to the port of Maracaibo. Here he
+surprised a ship laden with plate, and other merchandises,
+outward bound, to buy cocoa-nuts. With
+this prize he returned to Tortuga, where he was
+received with joy by the inhabitants; they congratulating
+his happy success, and their own private interest.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span>
+He stayed not long there, but designed to
+equip a fleet sufficient to transport five hundred men,
+and necessaries. Thus provided, he resolved to pillage
+both cities, towns, and villages, and finally, to
+take Maracaibo itself. For this purpose he knew
+the island of Tortuga would afford him many resolute
+and courageous men, fit for such enterprises:
+besides, he had in his service several prisoners well
+acquainted with the ways and places designed upon.</p>
+
+<p>Of this design Lolonois giving notice to all the
+pirates, whether at home or abroad, he got together,
+in a little while, above four hundred men; beside
+which, there was then in Tortuga another pirate,
+named Michael de Basco, who, by his piracy, had
+got riches sufficient to live at ease, and go no more
+abroad; having, withal, the office of major of the
+island. But seeing the great preparations that Lolonois
+made for this expedition, he joined him, and
+offered him, that if he would make him his chief
+captain by land (seeing he knew the country very
+well, and all its avenues) he would share in his fortunes,
+and go with him. They agreed upon articles
+to the great joy of Lolonois, knowing that Basco
+had done great actions in Europe, and had the repute
+of a good soldier. Thus they all embarked in eight
+vessels, that of Lolonois being the greatest, having
+ten guns of indifferent carriage.</p>
+
+<p>All things being ready, and the whole company
+on board, they set sail together about the end of
+April, being, in all, six hundred and sixty persons.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span>
+They steered for that part called Bayala, north of
+Hispaniola: here they took into their company some
+French hunters, who voluntarily offered themselves,
+and here they provided themselves with victuals and
+necessaries for their voyage.</p>
+
+<p>From hence they sailed again the last of July, and
+steered directly to the eastern cape of the isle called
+Punta d'Espada. Hereabouts espying a ship from
+Puerto Rico, bound for New Spain, laden with cocoa-nuts,
+Lolonois commanded the rest of the fleet to
+wait for him near Savona, on the east of Cape
+Punta d'Espada, he alone intending to take the said
+vessel. The Spaniards, though they had been in
+sight full two hours, and knew them to be pirates,
+yet would not flee, but prepared to fight, being well
+armed, and provided. The combat lasted three
+hours, and then they surrendered. This ship had
+sixteen guns, and fifty fighting men aboard: they
+found in her 120,000 weight of cocoa, 40,000 pieces-of-eight,
+and the value of 10,000 more, in jewels.
+Lolonois sent the vessel presently to Tortuga to be
+unladed, with orders to return as soon as possible
+to Savona, where he would wait for them: meanwhile,
+the rest of the fleet being arrived at Savona,
+met another Spanish vessel coming from Coman,
+with military provisions to Hispaniola, and money
+to pay the garrisons there. This vessel they also
+took, without any resistance, though mounted with
+eight guns. In it were 7,000 weight of powder, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span>
+great number of muskets, and like things, with 12,000
+pieces-of-eight.</p>
+
+<p>These successes encouraged the pirates, they seeming
+very lucky beginnings, especially finding their
+fleet pretty well recruited in a little time: for the
+first ship arriving at Tortuga, the governor ordered
+it to be instantly unladen, and soon after sent back,
+with fresh provisions, and other necessaries, to
+Lolonois. This ship he chose for himself, and gave
+that which he commanded to his comrade, Anthony
+du Puis. Being thus recruited with men in lieu of
+them he had lost in taking the prizes, and by sickness,
+he found himself in a good condition to set sail
+for Maracaibo, in the province of Neuva Venezuela,
+in the latitude of 12 deg. 10 min. north. This island
+is twenty leagues long, and twelve broad. To this
+port also belong the islands of Onega and Monges.
+The east side thereof is called Cape St. Roman, and
+the western side Cape of Caquibacoa: the gulf is
+called, by some, the Gulf of Venezuela, but the pirates
+usually call it the Bay of Maracaibo.</p>
+
+<p>At the entrance of this gulf are two islands extending
+from east to west; that towards the east
+is called Isla de las Vigilias, or the Watch Isle; because
+in the middle is a high hill, on which stands
+a watch-house. The other is called Isla de la Palomas,
+or the Isle of Pigeons. Between these two
+islands runs a little sea, or rather lake of fresh water,
+sixty leagues long, and thirty broad; which disgorging
+itself into the ocean, dilates itself about the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span>
+said two islands. Between them is the best passage
+for ships, the channel being no broader than
+the flight of a great gun, of about eight pounds.
+On the Isle of Pigeons standeth a castle, to impede
+the entry of vessels, all being necessitated to come
+very nigh the castle, by reason of two banks of sand
+on the other side, with only fourteen feet water.
+Many other banks of sand there are in this lake;
+as that called El Tablazo, or the Great Table, no
+deeper than ten feet, forty leagues within the lake;
+others there are, that have no more than six, seven,
+or eight feet in depth: all are very dangerous, especially
+to mariners unacquainted with them. West
+hereof is the city of Maracaibo, very pleasant to the
+view, its houses being built along the shore, having
+delightful prospects all round: the city may contain
+three or four thousand persons, slaves included, all
+which make a town of reasonable bigness. There
+are judged to be about eight hundred persons able
+to bear arms, all Spaniards. Here are one parish
+church, well built and adorned, four monasteries,
+and one hospital. The city is governed by a deputy
+governor, substituted by the governor of the Caraccas.
+The trade here exercised is mostly in hides and
+tobacco. The inhabitants possess great numbers of
+cattle, and many plantations, which extend thirty
+leagues in the country, especially towards the great
+town of Gibraltar, where are gathered great quantities
+of cocoa-nuts, and all other garden fruits,
+which serve for the regale and sustenance of the inhabitants<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span>
+of Maracaibo, whose territories are much
+drier than those of Gibraltar. Hither those of
+Maracaibo send great quantities of flesh, they making
+returns in oranges, lemons, and other fruits;
+for the inhabitants of Gibraltar want flesh, their
+fields not being capable of feeding cows or sheep.</p>
+
+<p>Before Maracaibo is a very spacious and secure
+port, wherein may be built all sorts of vessels, having
+great convenience of timber, which may be transported
+thither at little charge. Nigh the town lies
+also a small island called Borrica, where they feed
+great numbers of goats, which cattle the inhabitants
+use more for their skins than their flesh or milk;
+they slighting these two, unless while they are tender
+and young kids. In the fields are fed some sheep,
+but of a very small size. In some islands of the
+lake, and in other places hereabouts, are many savage
+Indians, called by the Spaniards bravoes, or
+wild: these could never be reduced by the Spaniards,
+being brutish, and untameable. They dwell mostly
+towards the west side of the lake, in little huts built
+on trees growing in the water; so to keep themselves
+from innumerable mosquitoes, or gnats, which infest
+and torment them night and day. To the east of
+the said lake are whole towns of fishermen, who
+likewise live in huts built on trees, as the former.
+Another reason of this dwelling, is the frequent inundations;
+for after great rains, the land is often
+overflown for two or three leagues, there being no
+less than twenty-five great rivers that feed this lake.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span>
+The town of Gibraltar is also frequently drowned
+by these, so that the inhabitants are constrained to
+retire to their plantations.</p>
+
+<p>Gibraltar, situate at the side of the lake about
+forty leagues within it, receives its provisions of
+flesh, as has been said, from Maracaibo. The town
+is inhabited by about 1,500 persons, whereof four
+hundred may bear arms; the greatest part of them
+keep shops, wherein they exercise one trade or another.
+In the adjacent fields are numerous plantations
+of sugar and cocoa, in which are many tall
+and beautiful trees, of whose timber houses may
+be built, and ships. Among these are many handsome
+and proportionable cedars, seven or eight feet
+about, of which they can build boats and ships, so
+as to bear only one great sail; such vessels being
+called piraguas. The whole country is well furnished
+with rivers and brooks, very useful in
+droughts, being then cut into many little channels
+to water their fields and plantations. They plant
+also much tobacco, well esteemed in Europe, and
+for its goodness is called there <i>tobacco de sacerdotes</i>,
+or priest's tobacco. They enjoy nigh twenty leagues
+of jurisdiction, which is bounded by very high mountains
+perpetually covered with snow. On the other
+side of these mountains is situate a great city called
+Merida, to which the town of Gibraltar is subject.
+All merchandise is carried hence to the aforesaid
+city on mules, and that but at one season of the year,
+by reason of the excessive cold in those high mountains.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span>
+On the said mules returns are made in flour
+of meal, which comes from towards Peru, by the
+way of Estaffe.</p>
+
+<p>Lolonois arriving at the gulf of Venezuela, cast
+anchor with his whole fleet out of sight of the Vigilia
+or Watch Isle; next day very early he set sail thence
+with all his ships for the lake of Maracaibo, where
+they cast anchor again; then they landed their men,
+with design to attack first the fortress that commanded
+the bar, therefore called <i>de la barra</i>. This
+fort consisted only of several great baskets of earth
+placed on a rising ground, planted with sixteen great
+guns, with several other heaps of earth round about
+for covering their men: the pirates having landed a
+league off this fort, advanced by degrees towards
+it; but the governor having espied their landing,
+had placed an ambuscade to cut them off behind,
+while he should attack them in front. This the
+pirates discovered, and getting before, they defeated
+it so entirely, that not a man could retreat to the
+castle: this done, Lolonois, with his companions, advanced
+immediately to the fort, and after a fight
+of almost three hours, with the usual desperation
+of this sort of people, they became masters thereof,
+without any other arms than swords and pistols:
+while they were fighting, those who were the routed
+ambuscade, not being able to get into the castle, retired
+into Maracaibo in great confusion and disorder,
+crying "The pirates will presently be here with
+two thousand men and more." The city having formerly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span>
+been taken by this kind of people, and sacked
+to the uttermost, had still an idea of that misery;
+so that upon these dismal news they endeavored to
+escape towards Gibraltar in their boats and canoes,
+carrying with them all the goods and money they
+could. Being come to Gibraltar, they told how the
+fortress was taken, and nothing had been saved, nor
+any persons escaped.</p>
+
+<p>The castle thus taken by the pirates, they presently
+signified to the ships their victory, that they
+should come farther in without fear of danger: the
+rest of that day was spent in ruining and demolishing
+the said castle. They nailed the guns, and burnt
+as much as they could not carry away, burying the
+dead, and sending on board the fleet the wounded.
+Next day, very early, they weighed anchor, and
+steered directly towards Maracaibo, about six
+leagues distant from the fort; but the wind failing
+that day, they could advance little, being forced to
+await the tide. Next morning they came in sight
+of the town, and prepared for landing under the
+protection of their own guns, fearing the Spaniards
+might have laid an ambuscade in the woods. They
+put their men into canoes, brought for that purpose,
+and landed, shooting meanwhile furiously with
+their great guns. Of those in the canoes, half only
+went ashore, the other half remained aboard. They
+fired from the ships as fast as possible, towards the
+woody part of the shore, but could discover nobody;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span>
+then they entered the town, whose inhabitants were
+retired to the woods, and Gibraltar, with their wives
+children and families. Their houses they left well
+provided with victuals, as flour, bread, pork, brandy,
+wines, and poultry, and with these the pirates fell to
+making good cheer, for in four weeks before they
+had no opportunity of filling their stomachs with
+such plenty.</p>
+
+<p>They instantly possessed themselves of the best
+houses in the town, and placed sentinels wherever
+they thought necessary;&mdash;the great church served
+them for their main guard. Next day they sent out
+an hundred and sixty men to find out some of the inhabitants
+in the woods thereabouts. These returned
+the same night, bringing with them 20,000 pieces-of-eight,
+several mules laden with household goods and
+merchandise, and twenty prisoners, men, women,
+and children. Some of these were put to the rack,
+to make them confess where they had hid the rest
+of the goods; but they could extort very little from
+them. Lolonois, who valued not murdering, though
+in cold blood, ten or twelve Spaniards, drew his cutlass,
+and hacked one to pieces before the rest, saying,
+"If you do not confess and declare where you
+have hid the rest of your goods, I will do the like
+to all your companions." At last, amongst these
+horrible cruelties and inhuman threats, one promised
+to show the place where the rest of the Spaniards
+were hid. But those that were fled, having intelligence
+of it, changed place, and buried the remnant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span>
+of their riches underground, so that the pirates
+could not find them out, unless some of their own
+party should reveal them. Besides, the Spaniards
+flying from one place to another every day, and often
+changing woods, were jealous even of each other, so
+that the father durst scarce trust his own son.</p>
+
+<p>After the pirates had been fifteen days in Maracaibo,
+they resolved for Gibraltar; but the inhabitants
+having received intelligence thereof, and that
+they intended afterwards to go to Merida, gave notice
+of it to the governor there, who was a valiant
+soldier, and had been an officer in Flanders. His
+answer was, "he would have them take no care, for
+he hoped in a little while to exterminate the said
+pirates." Whereupon he came to Gibraltar with
+four hundred men well armed, ordering at the same
+time the inhabitants to put themselves in arms, so
+that in all he made eight hundred fighting men.
+With the same speed he raised a battery toward the
+sea, mounted with twenty guns, covered with great
+baskets of earth: another battery he placed in another
+place, mounted with eight guns. This done,
+he barricaded a narrow passage to the town through
+which the pirates must pass, opening at the same
+time another one through much dirt and mud into a
+wood which was totally unknown to the pirates.</p>
+
+<p>The pirates, ignorant of these preparations, having
+embarked all their prisoners and booty, took
+their way towards Gibraltar. Being come in sight
+of the place, they saw the royal standard hanging<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span>
+forth, and that those of the town designed to defend
+their homes. Lolonois seeing this, called a council
+of war what they ought to do, telling his officers
+and mariners, "That the difficulty of the enterprise
+was very great, seeing the Spaniards had had so
+much time to put themselves in a posture of defense,
+and had got a good body of men together, with
+much ammunition; but notwithstanding," said he,
+"have a good courage; we must either defend ourselves
+like good soldiers, or lose our lives with all
+the riches we have got. Do as I shall do who am
+your captain: at other times we have fought with
+fewer men than we have in our company at present,
+and yet we have overcome greater numbers than
+there possibly can be in this town: the more they
+are, the more glory and the greater riches we shall
+gain." The pirates supposed that all the riches of
+the inhabitants of Maracaibo were transported to
+Gibraltar, or at least the greatest part. After this
+speech, they all promised to follow, and obey him.
+Lolonois made answer, "'Tis well; but know ye,
+withal, that the first man who shall show any fear,
+or the least apprehension thereof, I will pistol him
+with my own hands."</p>
+
+<p>With this resolution they cast anchor nigh the
+shore, near three-quarters of a league from the
+town: next day before sun-rising, they landed three
+hundred and eighty men well provided, and armed
+every one with a cutlass, and one or two pistols, and
+sufficient powder and bullet for thirty charges.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span>
+Here they all shook hands in testimony of good
+courage, and began their march, Lolonois speaking
+thus, "Come, my brethren, follow me, and have
+good courage." They followed their guide, who,
+believing he led them well, brought them to the way
+which the governor had barricaded. Not being able
+to pass that way, they went to the other newly made
+in the wood among the mire, which the Spaniards
+could shoot into at pleasure; but the pirates, full of
+courage, cut down the branches of trees and threw
+them on the way, that they might not stick in the
+dirt. Meanwhile, those of Gibraltar fired with their
+great guns so furiously, they could scarce hear nor
+see for the noise and smoke. Being passed the
+wood, they came on firm ground, where they met
+with a battery of six guns, which immediately the
+Spaniards discharged upon them, all loaded with
+small bullets and pieces of iron; and the Spaniards
+sallying forth, set upon them with such fury, as
+caused the pirates to give way, few of them caring
+to advance towards the fort, many of them being
+already killed and wounded. This made them go
+back to seek another way; but the Spaniards having
+cut down many trees to hinder the passage, they
+could find none, but were forced to return to that
+they had left. Here the Spaniards continued to
+fire as before, nor would they sally out of their batteries
+to attack them any more. Lolonois and his
+companions not being able to climb up the bastion
+of earth, were compelled to use an old stratagem,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span>
+wherewith at last they deceived and overcame the
+Spaniards.</p>
+
+<p>Lolonois retired suddenly with all his men, making
+show as if he fled; hereupon the Spaniards crying
+out "They flee, they flee, let us follow them,"
+sallied forth with great disorder to the pursuit. Being
+drawn to some distance from the batteries, which
+was the pirates only design, they turned upon them
+unexpectedly with sword in hand, and killed above
+two hundred men; and thus fighting their way
+through those who remained, they possessed themselves
+of the batteries. The Spaniards that remained
+abroad, giving themselves over for lost, fled
+to the woods: those in the battery of eight guns
+surrendered themselves, obtaining quarter for their
+lives. The pirates being now become masters of
+the town, pulled down the Spanish colors and set
+up their own, taking prisoners as many as they could
+find. These they carried to the great church, where
+they raised a battery of several great guns, fearing
+lest the Spaniards that were fled should rally, and
+come upon them again; but next day, being all fortified,
+their fears were over. They gathered the dead
+to bury them, being above five hundred Spaniards,
+besides the wounded in the town, and those that
+died of their wounds in the woods. The pirates had
+also above one hundred and fifty prisoners, and nigh
+five hundred slaves, many women and children.</p>
+
+<p>Of their own companions only forty were killed,
+and almost eighty wounded, whereof the greatest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span>
+part died through the bad air, which brought fevers
+and other illness. They put the slain Spaniards
+into two great boats, and carrying them a quarter of
+a league to sea, they sunk the boats; this done,
+they gathered all the plate, household stuff, and
+merchandise they could, or thought convenient to
+carry away. The Spaniards who had anything left
+had hid it carefully; but the unsatisfied pirates, not
+contented with the riches they had got, sought for
+more goods and merchandise, not sparing those who
+lived in the fields, such as hunters and planters.
+They had scarce been eighteen days on the place,
+when the greatest part of the prisoners died for
+hunger. For in the town were few provisions, especially
+of flesh, though they had some, but no sufficient
+quantity of flour of meal, and this the pirates
+had taken for themselves, as they also took the
+swine, cows, sheep, and poultry, without allowing
+any share to the poor prisoners. For these they only
+provided some small quantity of mules' and asses'
+flesh; and many who could not eat of that loathsome
+provision died for hunger, their stomachs not
+being accustomed to such sustenance. Of the prisoners
+many also died under the torment they sustained
+to make them discover their money or jewels;
+and of these, some had none, nor knew of none, and
+others denying what they knew, endured such horrible
+deaths.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, after having been in possession of the
+town four entire weeks, they sent four of the prisoners<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span>
+to the Spaniards that were fled to the woods,
+demanding of them a ransom for not burning
+the town. The sum demanded was 10,000 pieces-of-eight,
+which if not sent, they threatened to reduce
+it to ashes. For bringing in this money, they allowed
+them only two days; but the Spaniards not
+having been able to gather so punctually such a
+sum, the pirates fired many parts of the town;
+whereupon the inhabitants begged them to help
+quench the fire, and the ransom should be readily
+paid. The pirates condescended, helping as much
+as they could to stop the fire; but, notwithstanding
+all their best endeavors, one part of the town was
+ruined, especially the church belonging to the monastery
+was burned down. After they had received
+the said sum, they carried aboard all the riches they
+had got, with a great number of slaves which had
+not paid the ransom; for all the prisoners had sums
+of money set upon them, and the slaves were also
+commanded to be redeemed. Thence they returned
+to Maracaibo, where being arrived, they found a
+general consternation in the whole city, to which
+they sent three or four prisoners to tell the governor
+and inhabitants, "they should bring them 30,000
+pieces-of-eight aboard their ships, for a ransom of
+their houses, otherwise they should be sacked anew
+and burned."</p>
+
+<p>Among these debates a party of pirates came on
+shore, and carried away the images, pictures, and
+bells of the great church, aboard the fleet. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span>
+Spaniards who were sent to demand the sum aforesaid
+returned, with orders to make some agreement;
+who concluded with the pirates to give for their
+ransom and liberty 20,000 pieces-of-eight, and five
+hundred cows, provided that they should commit no
+further hostilities, but depart thence presently after
+payment of money and cattle. The one and the
+other being delivered, the whole fleet set sail, causing
+great joy to the inhabitants of Maracaibo, to
+see themselves quit of them: but three days after
+they renewed their fears with admiration, seeing the
+pirates appear again, and re-enter the port with all
+their ships: but these apprehensions vanished, upon
+hearing one of the pirate's errand, who came ashore
+from Lolonois, "to demand a skilful pilot to conduct
+one of the greatest ships over the dangerous
+bank that lieth at the very entry of the lake."
+Which petition, or rather command, was instantly
+granted.</p>
+
+<p>They had now been full two months in these
+towns, wherein they committed those cruel and insolent
+actions we have related. Departing thence, they
+took their course to Hispaniola, and arrived there
+in eight days, casting anchor in a port called Isla
+de la Vacca, or Cow Island. This island is inhabited
+by French buccaneers, who mostly sell the flesh
+they hunt to pirates and others, who now and then
+put in there to victual, or trade. Here they unladed
+their whole cargazon of riches, the usual
+storehouse of the pirates being commonly under the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span>
+shelter of the buccaneers. Here they made a dividend
+of all their prizes and gains, according to the
+orders and degree of every one, as has been mentioned
+before. Having made an exact calculation
+of all their plunder, they found in ready money
+260,000 pieces-of-eight: this being divided, every
+one received for his share in money, as also in silk,
+linen, and other commodities, to the value of 100
+pieces-of-eight. Those who had been wounded received
+their first part, after the rate mentioned before,
+for the loss of their limbs: then they weighed
+all the plate uncoined, reckoning ten pieces-of-eight
+to a pound; the jewels were prized indifferently,
+either too high or too low, by reason of their ignorance:
+this done, every one was put to his oath again,
+that he had not smuggled anything from the common
+stock. Hence they proceeded to the dividend
+of the shares of such as were dead in battle, or
+otherwise: these shares were given to their friends,
+to be kept entire for them, and to be delivered in due
+time to their nearest relations, or their apparent
+lawful heirs.</p>
+
+<p>The whole dividend being finished, they set sail
+for Tortuga. Here they arrived a month after, to
+the great joy of most of the island; for as to the
+common pirates, in three weeks they had scarce
+any money left, having spent it all in things of little
+value, or lost it at play. Here had arrived, not long
+before them, two French ships, with wine and
+brandy, and suchlike commodities; whereby these<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span>
+liquors, at the arrival of the pirates, were indifferent
+cheap. But this lasted not long, for soon
+after they were enhanced extremely, a gallon of
+brandy being sold for four pieces-of-eight. The
+governor of the island bought of the pirates the
+whole cargo of the ship laden with cocoa, giving
+for that rich commodity scarce the twentieth part
+of its worth. Thus they made shift to lose and
+spend the riches they had got, in much less time
+than they were obtained. The taverns and stews,
+according to the custom of pirates, got the greatest
+part; so that, soon after, they were forced to seek
+more by the same unlawful means they had got the
+former.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> <i>The Buccaneers of America.</i></p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE <i>DORRILL</i> AND THE <i>MOCA</i><a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></h2></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">These</span> truly representeth a scheem of what
+misfortune has befell us as we were going
+through the streights of Malacca, in the persuance
+to our pretended voyage, <i>vizt.</i>, Wednesday
+the 7th July, 5 o'clock morning we espied a ship to
+windward; as soon as was well light perceived her
+to bare down upon us. Wee thought at first she had
+been a Dutchman bound for Atcheen or Bengall,
+when perceived she had no Gallerys, did then suppose
+her to be what after, to our dreadful sorrow,
+found her. Wee gott our ship in the best posture
+of defence that suddain emergent necessity would
+permitt. Wee kept good looking out, expecting to
+see an Island called Pullo Verello [Pulo Barahla],
+but as then saw it not.</p>
+
+<p>About 8 of the clock the ship came up fairely
+within shott. Saw in room of our Gallerys there
+was large sally ports, in each of which was a large
+gunn, seemed to be brass. Her tafferill was likewise
+taken downe. Wee having done what possibly
+could to prepare ourselves, fearing might be suddenly
+sett on, ordered our people to their respective
+stations for action. Wee now hoisted our colours.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span>
+The Captain commanded to naile our Ensigne to
+the staff in sight of the enimie, which was immediately
+done. As they perceived wee hoisted our
+colours they hoisted theirs, with the Union Jack, and
+let fly a broad red Pendant at their maintopmast
+head.</p>
+
+<p>The Pirate being now in little more than half
+Pistoll shott from us, wee could discerne abundance
+of men who went aft to the Quarter Deck, which
+as wee suppose was to consult. They stood as we
+stood, but wee spoke neither to other. Att noone it
+fell calme, so that [wee] were affraid should by the
+sea have been hove on one another. Att 1 a clock
+sprang up a gale. The Pirate kept as wee kept.
+Att 3 a clock the villain backt her sailes and they
+went from us. Wee kept close halled, having a contrary
+wind for Mallacca. When the Pirate was
+about 7 miles distant tackt and stood after us. Att
+6 that evening saw the lookt for island, and the
+Pirate came up with us on our starboard side within
+shott. Wee see he kept a man at each topmast
+head, looking out till it was darke, then he halled
+a little from us, but kept us company all night.</p>
+
+<p>At 8 in the morning he drew near us, but wee had
+time to mount our other four guns that were in
+hold, and now wee were in the best posture of defence
+could desire. He drawing near us and seeing
+that if [wee] would, [wee] could not gett from
+him, he far outsailing us by or large [in one direction
+or another], the Captain resolved to see what<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span>
+the rogue would doe, soe ordered to hand [furl] all
+our small sailes and furled our mainesaile. He,
+seeing this, did the like, and as [he] drew near us
+beat a drum and sounded trumpets, and then hailed
+us four times before we answered him.</p>
+
+<p>At last it was thought fitt to know what he would
+say, soe the Boatswaine spoke to him as was ordered,
+which was that wee came from London.
+Then he enquired whether peace or war with France.
+Our answer, there was an universall peace through
+Europe, att which they paused and then said,
+"That's well." He further enquired if had touched
+at Attcheen. Wee said a boat came off to us, but
+[wee] came not near itt by several leagues. Further
+he enquired our Captain's name and whither
+wee were bound. Wee answered to Mallacca.
+They too and [would have] had the Captain gone
+aboard to drink a glass of wine. Wee said that
+would see one another at Mallacca. Then he called
+to lye by and he would come aboard us. Our
+answer was as before, saying it was late. He said,
+true, it was for China, and enquired whether should
+touch at the Water Islands [Pulo Ondan, off Malacca].
+Wee said should. Then said he, So shall
+wee. After he had asked us all these questions wee
+desired to know from whence he was. He said from
+London, their Captain name Collyford, the ship
+named the <i>Resolution</i>, bound for China. This Collyford
+had been Gunners Mate at Bombay, and
+after run away with the Ketch.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Thus past the 8th July. Friday the 9th do., he
+being some distance from us, About &frac12; an hour
+after 10 came up with us. Then it grew calme.
+Wee could discerne a fellow on the Quarter Deck
+wearing a sword. As he drew near, this Hellish
+Imp cried, Strike you doggs, which [wee] perceived
+was not by a general consent for he was called away.
+Our Boatswaine in a fury run upon the poop, unknown
+to the Captain, and answered that wee would
+strike to noe such doggs as he, telling him the rogue
+Every and his accomplices were all hanged. The
+Captain was angry that he spake without order,
+then ordered to haile him and askt what was his reason
+to dogg us. One stept forward on the forecastle,
+beckoned with his hand and said, Gentlemen,
+wee want not your ship nor men, but money.
+Wee told them had none for them but bid them
+come up alongside and take it as could gett it. Then
+a parcell of bloodhound rogues clasht their cutlashes
+and said they would have itt or our hearts blood,
+saying, "What doe you not know us to be the
+<i>Moca</i>?" Our answer was Yes, Yes. Thereon they
+gave a great shout and so they all went out of sight
+and wee to our quarters. They were going to hoist
+colours but the ensigne halliards broke, which our
+people perceiving gave a great shout, so they lett
+them alone.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as they could bring their chase gunns to
+bear, fired upon us and soe kept on our quarter.
+Our gunns would not bear in a small space, but as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span>
+soon as did hap, gave them better than [the pirates]
+did like. His second shott carried away our spritt
+saile yard. About half on hour after or more he
+came up alongside and soe wee powered in upon
+him and continued, some time broadsides and sometimes
+three or four gunns as opportunity presented
+and could bring them to doe best service. He was
+going to lay us athwart the hawse, but by God's
+providence Captain Hide frustrated his intent by
+pouring a broadside into him, which made him give
+back and goe asterne, where he lay and paused
+without fireing, then in a small space fired one
+gunn. The shott come in at our round house window
+without damage to any person, after which he
+filled and bore away, and when was about &frac14;
+mile off fired a gunn to leeward, which wee answered
+by another to windward. About an hour after he
+tackt and came up with us againe. Wee made noe
+saile, but lay by to receive him, but he kept aloof
+off. The distance att most in all our fireing was
+never more than two ships length; the time of our
+engagement was from &frac12; an hour after 11 till about
+3 afternoon.</p>
+
+<p>When [wee] came to see what damage [wee]
+had sustained, found our Cheife Mate, Mr. Smith,
+wounded in the legg, close by the knee, with a splinter
+or piece of chaine, which cannot well be told,
+our Barber had two of his fingers shott off as was
+spunging one of our gunns, the Gunner's boy had his
+legg shott off in the waste, John Amos, Quartermaster,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span>
+had his leg shott off [while] at the helme,
+the Boatswaine's boy (a lad of 13 years old) was
+shott in the thigh, which went through and splintered
+his bone, the Armorer Jos. Osborne in the
+round house wounded by a splinter just in the temple,
+the Captain's boy on the Quarter Deck a small
+shott raised his scull through his cap and was the
+first person wounded and att the first onsett. Wm.
+Reynolds's boy had the brim of his hatt &frac12; shott
+off and his forefinger splintered very sorely. John
+Blake, turner, the flesh of his legg and calfe a great
+part shott away.</p>
+
+<p>Our ships damage is the Mizentopmast shott
+close by the cap and it was a miracle stood soe long
+and did not fall in the rogues sight. Our rigging
+shott that had but one running rope left clear, our
+mainshrouds three on one side, two on the other cutt
+in two. Our mainyard ten feet from the mast by a
+shott cutt 8 inches deep, our foretopmast backstays
+shott away, a great shott in the roundhouse, one on
+the Quarter Deck and two of the roundhouse shott
+came on the said deck, severall in the stearidge betwixt
+decks and in the forecastle, two in the bread
+room which caused us to make much water and damaged
+the greatest part of our bread. They dismounted
+one of our gunns in the roundhouse, two
+in the stearidge, two in the waste, one in the forecastle,
+with abundance more damage which may
+seem tedious to rehearse.</p>
+
+<p>Their small shott were most Tinn and Tuthenage<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span>
+[<i>tutenaga</i>, spelter]. They fired pieces of glass-bottles,
+do. teapots, chains, stones and what not,
+which were found on our decks. We could observe
+abundance of great shott to have passed through
+the rogues foresaile, and our hope is have done
+that to him which [will] make him shunn having
+to do with any Europe ship againe. Att night wee
+perceived kept close their lights. Wee did the like
+and lay by. In the morning they were as far off as
+[wee] could discerne upon deck. Wee sent up to
+see how they stood, which was right with us. In
+the night wee knotted our rigging and in the morning
+made all haist to repare our carriages.</p>
+
+<p>Our men, seeing they stood after us, [wee] could
+perceive their countinances to be dejected. Wee
+cheared them what wee could, and, for their encouragement,
+the Captain and wee of our proper money
+did give them, to every man and boy, three dollars
+each, which animated them, and promised to give
+them as much more if engaged againe, and that if
+[wee] took the ship, for every prisoner five pounds
+and besides a gratuity from the Gentlemen Employers.
+Wee read the King's Proclamation about
+Every, &amp;c., and the Right Honble. Company's.</p>
+
+<p>About 9 o'clock the 10th July wee perceived the
+rogue made from us, soe wee gave the Almighty
+our most condigne thanks for his mercy that delivered
+us not to the worst of our enimies, for truly
+he [the pirate] was very strong, having at least an
+hundred Europeans on board, 34 gunns mounted,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span>
+besides 10 pattererers and 2 small mortars in the
+head; his lower tier, some of them, as wee judged,
+sixteen and eighteen pounders. We lay as near our
+course as could, and next day saw land on our starboard
+side which was the Maine [Land]. Kept on
+our way.</p>
+
+<p>The 12th July dyed the Boatswaine's boy, George
+Mopp, in the morning. Friday the 16th do. in the
+evening dyed the Gunner's boy, Thomas Matthews.
+Sunday the 18th at anchor two leagues from the
+Pillo Sumbelong [Pulo Semb&icirc;lan] Islands dyed the
+Barber, Andrew Miller. Do. the 31st dyed the
+Cheife Mate, Mr. John Smith. The other two are
+yet in a very deplorable condition and wee are
+ashore here to refresh them.... The Chinese
+further report ... the <i>Mocco</i> was at the Maldives
+and creaned [careened]; there they gave an end to
+the life of their commanding rogue Stout, who they
+murdered for attempting to run away.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> From <i>The Indian Antiquary</i>, Vol. 49.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>JADDI THE MALAY PIRATE<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></h2></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Long</span> before that action with the English man-of-war
+which drove me to Singapore, I
+sailed in a fine fleet of prahus belonging to
+the Rajah of Johore [Sult&acirc;n Mahm&acirc;d Sh&acirc;h]. We
+were all then very rich&mdash;ah! such numbers of
+beautiful wives and such feasting!&mdash;but, above all,
+we had a great many most holy men in our force!
+When the proper monsoon came, we proceeded to
+sea to fight the Bugismen [of Celebes] and Chinamen
+bound from Borneo and the Celebes to Java;
+for you must remember our Rajah was at war with
+them. (Jadee always maintained that the proceedings
+in which he had been engaged partook of a
+purely warlike, and not of a piratical character.)</p>
+
+<p>Our thirteen prahus had all been fitted out in
+and about Singapore. I wish you could have seen
+them, Touhan [<i>T&uuml;an</i>, Sir]. These prahus we see
+here are nothing to them, such brass guns, such
+long pendants, such creeses [Malay <i>kris</i>, dagger]!
+Allah-il-Allah! Our Datoos [<i>datuk</i>, a chief] were
+indeed great men!</p>
+
+<p>Sailing along the coast as high as Patani, we then
+crossed over to Borneo, two Illanoon prahus acting<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span>
+as pilots, and reached a place called Sambas [West
+Borneo]: there we fought the Chinese and Dutchmen,
+who ill-treat our countrymen, and are trying
+to drive the Malays out of that country. Gold-dust
+and slaves in large quantities were here taken, most
+of the latter being our countrymen of Sumatra and
+Java, who are captured and sold to the planters
+and miners of the Dutch settlements.</p>
+
+<p>"Do you mean to say," I asked, "that the Dutch
+countenance such traffic?"</p>
+
+<p>"The Hollanders," replied Jadee, "have been the
+bane of the Malay race; no one knows the amount
+of villainy, the bloody cruelty of their system
+towards us. They drive us into our prahus to
+escape their taxes and laws, and then declare us
+pirates and put us to death. There are natives in
+our crew, Touhan, of Sumatra and Java, of Bianca
+[Banka] and Borneo; ask them why they hate the
+Dutchmen; why they would kill a Dutchman. It is
+because the Dutchman is a false man, not like the
+white man [English]. The Hollander stabs in the
+dark; he is a liar!"</p>
+
+<p>However, from Borneo we sailed to Biliton
+[island between Banka and Borneo] and Bianca,
+and there waited for some large junks that were
+expected. Our cruise had been so far successful,
+and we feasted away&mdash;fighting cocks, smoking
+opium and eating white rice. At last our scouts
+told us that a junk was in sight. She came, a lofty-sided
+one of Fokien [Fuhkien]. We knew these<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span>
+Amoy men would fight like tiger-cats for their sugar
+and silks; and as the breeze was fresh, we only
+kept her in sight by keeping close inshore and following
+her. Not to frighten the Chinamen, we did
+not hoist sail but made our slaves pull. "Oh!" said
+Jadee, warming up with the recollection of the
+event&mdash;"oh! it was fine to feel what brave fellows
+we then were!"</p>
+
+<p>Towards night we made sail and closed upon the
+junk, and at daylight it fell a stark calm, and we
+went at our prize like sharks. All our fighting men
+put on their war-dresses; the Illanoons danced their
+war-dance, and all our gongs sounded as we opened
+out to attack her on different sides.</p>
+
+<p>But those Amoy men are pigs! They burnt joss-paper;
+sounded their gongs, and received us with
+such showers of stones, hot-water, long pikes, and
+one or two well-directed shots that we hauled off to
+try the effect of our guns, sorry though we were to
+do it, for it was sure to bring the Dutchmen upon us.
+Bang! bang! we fired at them, and they at us; three
+hours did we persevere, and whenever we tried to
+board, the Chinese beat us back every time, for her
+side was as smooth and as high as a wall, with galleries
+overhanging.</p>
+
+<p>We had several men killed and hurt; a council
+was called; a certain charm was performed by one
+of our holy men, a famous chief, and twenty of our
+best men devoted themselves to effecting a landing
+on the junk's deck, when our look-out prahus made<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span>
+the signal that the Dutchmen were coming; and
+sure enough some Dutch gun-boats came sweeping
+round a headland. In a moment we were round and
+pulling like demons for the shores of Biliton, the
+gun-boats in chase of us, and the Chinese howling
+with delight. The sea-breeze freshened and brought
+up a schooner-rigged boat very fast. We had been
+at work twenty-four hours and were heartily tired;
+our slaves could work no longer, so we prepared for
+the Hollanders; they were afraid to close upon us
+and commenced firing at a distance. This was just
+what we wanted; we had guns as well as they, and
+by keeping up the fight until dark, we felt sure of
+escape. The Dutchmen, however, knew this too,
+and kept closing gradually upon us; and when they
+saw our prahus bailing out water and blood, they
+knew we were suffering and cheered like devils. We
+were desperate; surrender to Dutchmen we never
+would; we closed together for mutual support, and
+determined at last, if all hope of escape ceased, to
+run our prahus ashore, burn them, and lie hid in
+the jungle until a future day. But a brave Datoo
+with his shattered prahus saved us; he proposed to
+let the Dutchmen board her, creese [stab with a
+<i>kris</i>] all that did so, and then trust to Allah for his
+escape.</p>
+
+<p>It was done immediately; we all pulled a short
+distance away and left the brave Datoo's prahu like
+a wreck abandoned. How the Dutchmen yelled and
+fired into her! The slaves and cowards jumped out<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span>
+of the prahu, but our braves kept quiet; at last, as
+we expected, one gun-boat dashed alongside of their
+prize and boarded her in a crowd. Then was the
+time to see how the Malay man could fight; the
+creese was worth twenty swords, and the Dutchmen
+went down like sheep. We fired to cover our countrymen,
+who, as soon as their work was done,
+jumped overboard and swam to us; but the brave
+Datoo, with many more died as brave Malays
+should do, running a-muck against a host of enemies.</p>
+
+<p>The gun-boats were quite scared by this punishment,
+and we lost no time in getting away as rapidly
+as possible; but the accursed schooner, by keeping
+more in the offing, held the wind and preserved her
+position, signaling all the while for the gun-boats to
+follow her. We did not want to fight any more;
+it was evidently an unlucky day. On the opposite
+side of the channel to that we were on, the coral
+reefs and shoals would prevent the Hollanders following
+us: it was determined at all risks to get there
+in spite of the schooner. With the first of the land-wind
+in the evening we set sail before it and steered
+across for Bianca. The schooner placed herself in
+our way like a clever sailor, so as to turn us back;
+but we were determined to push on, take her fire,
+and run all risks.</p>
+
+<p>It was a sight to see us meeting one another; but
+we were desperate: we had killed plenty of Dutchmen;
+it was their turn now. I was in the second
+prahu, and well it was so, for when the headmost<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span>
+one got close to the schooner, the Dutchman fired
+all his guns into her, and knocked her at once into a
+wrecked condition. We gave one cheer, fired our
+guns and then pushed on for our lives. "Ah! sir, it
+was a dark night indeed for us. Three prahus in
+all were sunk and the whole force dispersed."</p>
+
+<p>To add to our misfortunes a strong gale sprang
+up. We were obliged to carry canvas; our prahu
+leaked from shot-holes; the sea continually broke
+into her; we dared not run into the coral reefs on
+such a night, and bore up for the Straits of Malacca.
+The wounded writhed and shrieked in their agony,
+and we had to pump, we fighting men, and bale like
+<i>black fellows</i> [Caffre or negro slaves]! By two in
+the morning we were all worn out. I felt indifferent
+whether I was drowned or not, and many threw
+down their buckets and sat down to die. The wind
+increased and, at last, as if to put us out of our
+misery, just such a squall as this came down upon
+us. I saw it was folly contending against our fate,
+and followed the general example. "God is great!"
+we exclaimed, but the Rajah of Johore came and
+reproved us. "Work until daylight," he said, "and
+I will ensure your safety." We pointed at the black
+storm which was approaching. "Is that what you
+fear?" he replied, and going below he produced just
+such a wooden spoon and did what you have seen
+me do, and I tell you, my captain, as I would if the
+"Company Sahib" stood before me, that the storm<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span>
+was nothing, and that we had a dead calm one hour
+afterwards and were saved. God is great and
+Mahomet is his prophet!&mdash;but there is no charm
+like the Johore one for killing the wind!</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> From <i>The Indian Antiquary</i>, Vol. 49.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>THE TERRIBLE LADRONES<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Richard Glasspoole</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">On</span> the 17th of September, 1809, the Honorable
+Company's ship <i>Marquis of Ely</i> anchored
+under the Island of <i>Sam Chow</i>, in
+China, about twelve English miles from Macao,
+where I was ordered to proceed in one of our cutters
+to procure a pilot, and also to land the purser
+with the packet. I left the ship at 5 <span class="smcapl">P.M.</span> with seven
+men under my command, well armed. It blew a
+fresh gale from the N. E. We arrived at Macao
+at 9 <span class="smcapl">P.M.</span>, where I delivered the packet to Mr. Roberts,
+and sent the men with the boat's sails to sleep
+under the Company's Factory, and left the boat in
+charge of one of the Compradore's men; during the
+night the gale increased. At half-past three in the
+morning I went to the beach, and found the boat
+on shore half-filled with water, in consequence of the
+man having left her. I called the people, and baled
+her out; found she was considerably damaged, and
+very leaky. At half-past 5 <span class="smcapl">A.M.</span>, the ebb-tide making,
+we left Macao with vegetables for the ship.</p>
+
+<p>One of the Compradore's men who spoke English
+went with us for the purpose of piloting the ship<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span>
+to Lintin, as the Mandarines, in consequence of a
+late disturbance at Macao, would not grant permission
+for regular pilots. I had every reason to expect
+the ship in the roads, as she was preparing to get
+under weigh when we left her; but on our rounding
+Cabaretta-Point, we saw her five or six miles to leeward,
+under weigh, standing on the starboard tack:
+it was then blowing fresh at N. E. Bore up, and
+stood towards her; when about a cable's length to
+windward of her, she tacked; we hauled our wind
+and stood after her. A hard squall then coming
+on, with a strong tide and heavy swell against us,
+we drifted fast to leeward, and the weather being
+hazy, we soon lost sight of the ship. Struck our
+masts, and endeavored to pull; finding our efforts
+useless, set a reefed foresail and mizzen, and stood
+towards a country-ship at anchor under the land to
+leeward of Cabaretta-Point. When within a quarter
+of a mile of her she weighed and made sail, leaving
+us in a very critical situation, having no anchor,
+and drifting bodily on the rocks to leeward. Struck
+the masts: after four or five hours hard pulling,
+succeeded in clearing them.</p>
+
+<p>At this time not a ship in sight; the weather clearing
+up, we saw a ship to leeward, hull down, shipped
+our masts, and made sail towards her; she proved to
+be the Honourable Company's ship <i>Glatton</i>. We
+made signals to her with our handkerchiefs at the
+mast-head, she unfortunately took no notice of them,
+but tacked and stood from us. Our situation was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span>
+now truly distressing, night closing fast, with a
+threatening appearance, blowing fresh, with hard
+rain and a heavy sea; our boat very leaky, without
+a compass, anchor or provisions, and drifting fast
+on a lee-shore, surrounded with dangerous rocks,
+and inhabited by the most barbarous pirates. I
+close-reefed my sails, and kept tack and tack 'till
+daylight, when we were happy to find we had
+drifted very little to leeward of our situation in the
+evening. The night was very dark, with constant
+hard squalls and heavy rain.</p>
+
+<p>Tuesday, the 19th, no ships in sight. About ten
+o'clock in the morning it fell calm, with very hard
+rain and a heavy swell;&mdash;struck our masts and
+pulled, not being able to see the land, steered by the
+swell. When the weather broke up, found we had
+drifted several miles to leeward. During the calm
+a fresh breeze springing up, made sail, and endeavored
+to reach the weather-shore, and anchor with
+six muskets we had lashed together for that purpose.
+Finding the boat made no way against
+the swell and tide, bore up for a bay to leeward,
+and anchored about one <span class="smcapl">A.M.</span> close under the land
+in five or six fathoms water, blowing fresh, with
+hard rain.</p>
+
+<p>Wednesday, the 20th, at daylight, supposing the
+flood-tide making, weighed and stood over to the
+weather-land, but found we were drifting fast to
+leeward. About ten o'clock perceived two Chinese
+boats steering for us. Bore up, and stood towards<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span>
+them, and made signals to induce them to come
+within hail; on nearing them, they bore up, and
+passed to leeward of the islands. The Chinese
+we had in the boat advised me to follow them, and
+he would take us to Macao by the leeward passage.
+I expressed my fears of being taken by the Ladrones.
+Our ammunition being wet, and the muskets rendered
+useless, we had nothing to defend ourselves
+with but cutlasses, and in too distressed a situation
+to make much resistance with them, having been
+constantly wet, and eaten nothing but a few green
+oranges for three days.</p>
+
+<p>As our present situation was a hopeless one, and
+the man assured me there was no fear of encountering
+any Ladrones, I complied with his request, and
+stood in to leeward of the islands, where we found
+the water much smoother, and apparently a direct
+passage to Macao. We continued pulling and sailing
+all day. At six o'clock in the evening I discovered
+three large boats at anchor in a bay to leeward.
+On seeing us they weighed and made sail towards
+us. The Chinese said they were Ladrones, and that
+if they captured us they would most certainly put
+us all to death! Finding they gained fast on us,
+struck the masts, and pulled head to wind for five or
+six hours. The tide turning against us, anchored
+close under the land to avoid being seen. Soon after
+we saw the boats pass us to leeward.</p>
+
+<p>Thursday, the 21st, at daylight, the flood making,
+weighed and pulled along shore in great spirits,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span>
+expecting to be at Macao in two or three hours, as
+by the Chinese account it was not above six or seven
+miles distant. After pulling a mile or two perceived
+several people on shore, standing close to the beach;
+they were armed with pikes and lances. I ordered
+the interpreter to hail them, and ask the most direct
+passage to Macao. They said if we came on
+shore they would inform us; not liking their hostile
+appearance, I did not think proper to comply with
+the request. Saw a large fleet of boats at anchor
+close under the opposite shore. Our interpreter
+said they were fishing-boats, and that by going there
+we should not only get provisions, but a pilot also
+to take us to Macao.</p>
+
+<p>I bore up, and on nearing them perceived there
+were some large vessels, very full of men, and
+mounted with several guns. I hesitated to approach
+nearer; but the Chinese assuring me they were Mandarine
+junks<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> and salt-boats, we stood close to one
+of them, and asked the way to Macao. They gave
+no answer, but made some signs to us to go in
+shore. We passed on, and a large rowboat pulled
+after us; she soon came alongside, when about
+twenty savage-looking villains, who were stowed at
+the bottom of the boat, leaped on board us. They
+were armed with a short sword in each hand, one of
+which they laid on our necks, and the other pointed
+to our breasts, keeping their eyes fixed on their
+officer, waiting his signal to cut or desist. Seeing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span>
+we were incapable of making any resistance, he
+sheathed his sword, and the others immediately followed
+his example. They then dragged us into their
+boat, and carried us on board one of their junks,
+with the most savage demonstrations of joy, and as
+we supposed, to torture and put us to a cruel death.
+When on board the junk, they searched all our
+pockets, took the handkerchiefs from our necks, and
+brought heavy chains to chain us to the guns.</p>
+
+<p>At this time a boat came, and took me, with one
+of my men and the interpreter, on board the chief's
+vessel. I was then taken before the chief. He was
+seated on deck, in a large chair, dressed in purple
+silk, with a black turban on. He appeared to be
+about thirty years of age, a stout commanding-looking
+man. He took me by the coat, and drew me
+close to him; then questioned the interpreter very
+strictly, asking who we were, and what was our
+business in that part of the country. I told him to
+say we were Englishmen in distress, having been
+four days at sea without provisions. This he would
+not credit, but said we were bad men, and that he
+would put us all to death; and then ordered some
+men to put the interpreter to the torture until he
+confessed the truth.</p>
+
+<p>Upon this occasion, a Ladrone, who had been
+once to England and spoke a few words of English,
+came to the chief, and told him we were really Englishmen,
+and that we had plenty of money, adding,
+that the buttons on my coat were gold. The chief<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span>
+then ordered us some coarse brown rice, of which
+we made a tolerable meal, having eat nothing for
+nearly four days, except a few green oranges. During
+our repast, a number of Ladrones crowded
+round us, examining our clothes and hair, and giving
+us every possible annoyance. Several of them
+brought swords, and laid them on our necks, making
+signs that they would soon take us on shore, and
+cut us in pieces, which I am sorry to say was the fate
+of some hundreds during my captivity.</p>
+
+<p>I was now summoned before the chief, who had
+been conversing with the interpreter; he said I must
+write to my captain, and tell him, if he did not send
+a hundred thousand dollars for our ransom, in ten
+days he would put us all to death. In vain did I assure
+him it was useless writing unless he would agree
+to take a much smaller sum; saying we were all poor
+men, and the most we could possibly raise would not
+exceed two thousand dollars. Finding that he was
+much exasperated at my expostulations, I embraced
+the offer of writing to inform my commander of our
+unfortunate situation, though there appeared not
+the least probability of relieving us. They said the
+letter should be conveyed to Macao in a fishing-boat,
+which would bring an answer in the morning. A
+small boat accordingly came alongside, and took the
+letter.</p>
+
+<p>About six o'clock in the evening they gave us
+some rice and a little salt fish, which we ate, and
+they made signs for us to lay down on the deck to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span>
+sleep; but such numbers of Ladrones were constantly
+coming from different vessels to see us, and examine
+our clothes and hair, they would not allow us a
+moment's quiet. They were particularly anxious for
+the buttons of my coat, which were new, and as they
+supposed gold. I took it off, and laid it on the deck
+to avoid being disturbed by them; it was taken away
+in the night, and I saw it on the next day stripped
+of its buttons.</p>
+
+<p>About nine o'clock a boat came and hailed the
+chief's vessel; he immediately hoisted his mainsail,
+and the fleet weighed apparently in great confusion.
+They worked to windward all night and part of the
+next day, and anchored about one o'clock in a bay
+under the island of Lantow, where the head admiral
+of Ladrones was lying at anchor, with about two
+hundred vessels and a Portuguese brig they had captured
+a few days before, and murdered the captain
+and part of the crew.</p>
+
+<p>Saturday, the 23d, early in the morning, a fishing-boat
+came to the fleet to inquire if they had
+captured an European boat; being answered in the
+affirmative, they came to the vessel I was in. One
+of them spoke a few words of English, and told me
+he had a Ladrone-pass, and was sent by Captain Kay
+in search of us; I was rather surprised to find he had
+no letter. He appeared to be well acquainted with
+the chief, and remained in his cabin smoking opium,
+and playing cards all the day.<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a></p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span></p>
+<p>In the evening I was summoned with the interpreter
+before the chief. He questioned us in a
+much milder tone, saying, he now believed we were
+Englishmen, a people he wished to be friendly with;
+and that if our captain would lend him seventy thousand
+dollars 'till he returned from his cruise up the
+river, he would repay him, and send us all to Macao.
+I assured him it was useless writing on those terms,
+and unless our ransom was speedily settled, the English
+fleet would sail, and render our enlargement
+altogether ineffectual. He remained determined,
+and said if it were not sent, he would keep us, and
+make us fight, or put us to death. I accordingly
+wrote, and gave my letter to the man belonging to
+the boat before mentioned. He said he could not
+return with an answer in less than five days.</p>
+
+<p>The chief now gave me the letter I wrote when
+first taken. I have never been able to ascertain his
+reasons for detaining it, but suppose he dare not
+negotiate for our ransom without orders from the
+head admiral, who I understood was sorry at our
+being captured. He said the English ships would
+join the mandarines and attack them.<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> He told the
+chief that captured us, to dispose of us as he pleased.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span></p>
+<p>Monday, the 24th, it blew a strong gale, with
+constant hard rain; we suffered much from the cold
+and wet, being obliged to remain on deck with no
+covering but an old mat, which was frequently taken
+from us in the night by the Ladrones who were on
+watch. During the night the Portuguese who were
+left in the brig murdered the Ladrones that were
+on board of her, cut the cables, and fortunately escaped
+through the darkness of the night. I have
+since been informed they ran her on shore near
+Macao.</p>
+
+<p>Tuesday, the 25th, at daylight in the morning,
+the fleet, amounting to about five hundred sail of different
+sizes, weighed, to proceed on their intended
+cruise up the rivers, to levy contributions on the
+towns and villages. It is impossible to describe
+what were my feelings at this critical time, having
+received no answers to my letters, and the fleet under-way
+to sail,&mdash;hundreds of miles up a country
+never visited by Europeans, there to remain probably
+for many months, which would render all opportunities
+of negotiating for our enlargement totally
+ineffectual; as the only method of communication
+is by boats, that have a pass from the Ladrones,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span>
+and they dare not venture above twenty miles from
+Macao, being obliged to come and go in the night,
+to avoid the Mandarines; and if these boats should
+be detected in having any intercourse with the Ladrones,
+they are immediately put to death, and all
+their relations, though they had not joined in the
+crime,<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a> share in the punishment, in order that not a
+single person of their families should be left to imitate
+their crimes or revenge their death. This severity
+renders communication both dangerous and
+expensive; no boat would venture out for less than a
+hundred Spanish dollars.</p>
+
+<p>Wednesday, the 26th, at daylight, we passed in
+sight of our ships at anchor under the island of
+Chun Po. The chief then called me, pointed to the
+ships, and told the interpreter to tell us to look at
+them, for we should never see them again. About
+noon we entered a river to the westward of the
+Bogue, three or four miles from the entrance. We
+passed a large town situated on the side of a beautiful
+hill, which is tributary to the Ladrones; the
+inhabitants saluted them with songs as they passed.</p>
+
+<p>The fleet now divided into two squadrons (the red
+and the black)<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> and sailed up different branches of
+the river. At midnight the division we were in anchored
+close to an immense hill, on the top of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span>
+which a number of fires were burning, which at daylight
+I perceived proceeded from a Chinese camp.
+At the back of the hill was a most beautiful town,
+surrounded by water, and embellished with groves
+of orange trees. The chop-house (custom-house)<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a>
+and a few cottages were immediately plundered, and
+burned down; most of the inhabitants, however, escaped
+to the camp.</p>
+
+<p>The Ladrones now prepared to attack the town
+with a formidable force, collected in rowboats from
+the different vessels. They sent a messenger to the
+town, demanding a tribute of ten thousand dollars
+annually, saying, if these terms were not complied
+with, they would land, destroy the town, and murder
+all the inhabitants; which they would certainly
+have done, had the town laid in a more advantageous
+situation for their purpose; but being placed
+out of the reach of their shot, they allowed them
+to come to terms. The inhabitants agreed to pay
+six thousand dollars, which they were to collect by
+the time of our return down the river. This finesse
+had the desired effect, for during our absence they
+mounted a few guns on a hill, which commanded
+the passage, and gave us in lieu of the dollars a
+warm salute on our return.</p>
+
+<p>October the 1st, the fleet weighed in the night,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span>
+dropped by the tide up the river, and anchored very
+quietly before a town surrounded by a thick wood.
+Early in the morning the Ladrones assembled in
+rowboats and landed; then gave a shout, and rushed
+into the town, sword in hand. The inhabitants fled
+to the adjacent hills, in numbers apparently superior
+to the Ladrones. We may easily imagine to
+ourselves the horror with which these miserable
+people must be seized, on being obliged to leave
+their homes, and everything dear to them. It was
+a most melancholy sight to see women in tears, clasping
+their infants in their arms, and imploring mercy
+for them from those brutal robbers! The old and
+the sick, who were unable to fly, or to make resistance,
+were either made prisoners or most inhumanly
+butchered! The boats continued passing and
+repassing from the junks to the shore, in quick succession,
+laden with booty, and the men besmeared
+with blood! Two hundred and fifty women, and
+several children, were made prisoners, and sent on
+board different vessels. They were unable to
+escape with the men, owing to that abominable practice
+of cramping their feet: several of them were
+not able to move without assistance, in fact, they
+might all be said to totter, rather than walk.
+Twenty of these poor women were sent on board
+the vessel I was in; they were hauled on board by
+the hair, and treated in a most savage manner.</p>
+
+<p>When the chief came on board, he questioned
+them respecting the circumstances of their friends,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span>
+and demanded ransoms accordingly, from six thousand
+to six hundred dollars each. He ordered them
+a berth on deck, at the after part of the vessel,
+where they had nothing to shelter them from the
+weather, which at this time was very variable,&mdash;the
+days excessively hot, and the nights cold, with heavy
+rains. The town being plundered of every thing
+valuable, it was set on fire, and reduced to ashes by
+the morning. The fleet remained here three days,
+negotiating for the ransom of the prisoners, and
+plundering the fish-tanks and gardens. During all
+this time, the Chinese never ventured from the hills,
+though there were frequently not more than a hundred
+Ladrones on shore at a time, and I am sure
+the people on the hills exceeded ten times that number.<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a></p>
+
+<p>October 5th, the fleet proceeded up another
+branch of the river, stopping at several small villages
+to receive tribute, which was generally paid
+in dollars, sugar and rice, with a few large pigs
+roasted whole, as presents for their joss (the idol
+they worship).<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> Every person on being ransomed,
+is obliged to present him with a pig, or some fowls,
+which the priest offers him with prayers; it remains
+before him a few hours, and is then divided amongst<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span>
+the crew. Nothing particular occurred 'till the
+10th, except frequent skirmishes on shore between
+small parties of Ladrones and Chinese soldiers.
+They frequently obliged my men to go on shore, and
+fight with the muskets we had when taken, which did
+great execution, the Chinese principally using bows
+and arrows. They have match-locks, but use them
+very unskillfully.</p>
+
+<p>On the 10th, we formed a junction with the
+black squadron, and proceeded many miles up a
+wide and beautiful river, passing several ruins of
+villages that had been destroyed by the black squadron.
+On the 17th, the fleet anchored abreast four
+mud batteries, which defended a town, so entirely
+surrounded with wood that it was impossible to
+form any idea of its size. The weather was very
+hazy, with hard squalls of rain. The Ladrones remained
+perfectly quiet for two days. On the third
+day the forts commenced a brisk fire for several
+hours: the Ladrones did not return a single shot,
+but weighed in the night and dropped down the
+river.</p>
+
+<p>The reasons they gave for not attacking the town,
+or returning the fire, were that Joss had not promised
+them success. They are very superstitious, and
+consult their idol on all occasions. If his omens
+are good, they will undertake the most daring enterprizes.</p>
+
+<p>The fleet now anchored opposite the ruins of the
+town where the women had been made prisoners.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span>
+Here we remained five or six days, during which
+time about a hundred of the women were ransomed;
+the remainder were offered for sale amongst the Ladrones,
+for forty dollars each. The woman is considered
+the lawful wife of the purchaser, who would
+be put to death if he discarded her. Several of them
+leaped overboard and drowned themselves, rather
+than submit to such infamous degradation.</p>
+
+<p>The fleet then weighed and made sail down the
+river, to receive the ransom from the town before
+mentioned. As we passed the hill, they fired several
+shots at us, but without effect. The Ladrones were
+much exasperated, and determined to revenge themselves;
+they dropped out of reach of their shot, and
+anchored. Every junk sent about a hundred men
+each on shore, to cut paddy, and destroy their
+orange-groves, which was most effectually performed
+for several miles down the river. During
+our stay here, they received information of nine
+boats lying up a creek, laden with paddy; boats were
+immediately dispatched after them.</p>
+
+<p>Next morning these boats were brought to the
+fleet; ten or twelve men were taken in them. As
+these had made no resistance, the chief said he
+would allow them to become Ladrones, if they
+agreed to take the usual oaths before Joss. Three
+or four of them refused to comply, for which they
+were punished in the following cruel manner: their
+hands were tied behind their back, a rope from the
+mast-head rove through their arms, and hoisted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span>
+three or four feet from the deck, and five or six
+men flogged them with three rattans twisted together
+'till they were apparently dead; then hoisted
+them up to the mast-head, and left them hanging
+nearly an hour, then lowered them down, and repeated
+the punishment, 'till they died or complied
+with the oath.</p>
+
+<p>October the 20th, in the night, an express-boat
+came with the information that a large mandarine
+fleet was proceeding up the river to attack us. The
+chief immediately weighed, with fifty of the largest
+vessels, and sailed down the river to meet them.
+About one in the morning they commenced a heavy
+fire till daylight, when an express was sent for the
+remainder of the fleet to join them: about an hour
+after a counter-order to anchor came, the mandarine
+fleet having run. Two or three hours afterwards
+the chief returned with three captured vessels
+in tow, having sunk two, and eighty-three sail made
+their escape. The admiral of the mandarines blew
+his vessel up, by throwing a lighted match into the
+magazine as the Ladrones were boarding her; she
+ran on shore, and they succeeded in getting twenty
+of her guns.</p>
+
+<p>In this action very few prisoners were taken: the
+men belonging to the captured vessels drowned
+themselves, as they were sure of suffering a lingering
+and cruel death if taken after making resistance.
+The admiral left the fleet in charge of his brother,
+the second in command, and proceeded with his own<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span>
+vessel towards Lantow. The fleet remained in this
+river, cutting paddy, and getting the necessary supplies.</p>
+
+<p>On the 28th of October, I received a letter from
+Captain Kay, brought by a fisherman, who had told
+him he would get us all back for three thousand dollars.
+He advised me to offer three thousand, and if
+not accepted, extend it to four; but not farther, as
+it was bad policy to offer much at first: at the same
+time assuring me we should be liberated, let the ransom
+be what it would. I offered the chief the three
+thousand, which he disdainfully refused, saying he
+was not to be played with; and unless they sent ten
+thousand dollars, and two large guns, with several
+casks of gunpowder, he would soon put us all to
+death. I wrote to Captain Kay, and informed him
+of the chief's determination, requesting if an opportunity
+offered, to send us a shift of clothes, for which
+it may be easily imagined we were much distressed,
+having been seven weeks without a shift; although
+constantly exposed to the weather, and of course
+frequently wet.</p>
+
+<p>On the first of November, the fleet sailed up a
+narrow river, and anchored at night within two miles
+of a town called Little Whampoa. In front of it
+was a small fort, and several mandarine vessels lying
+in the harbor. The chief sent the interpreter
+to me, saying I must order my men to make cartridges
+and clean their muskets, ready to go on shore
+in the morning. I assured the interpreter I should<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span>
+give the men no such orders, that they must please
+themselves. Soon after the chief came on board,
+threatening to put us all to a cruel death if we refused
+to obey his orders. For my own part I remained
+determined, and advised the men not to
+comply, as I thought by making ourselves useful we
+should be accounted too valuable.</p>
+
+<p>A few hours afterwards he sent to me again,
+saying, that if myself and the quartermaster would
+assist them at the great guns, that if also the rest
+of the men went on shore and succeeded in taking
+the place, he would then take the money offered for
+our ransom, and give them twenty dollars for every
+Chinaman's head they cut off. To these proposals
+we cheerfully acceded, in hopes of facilitating our
+deliverance.</p>
+
+<p>Early in the morning the forces intended for
+landing were assembled in rowboats, amounting in
+the whole to three or four thousand men. The largest
+vessels weighed, and hauled in shore, to cover
+the landing of the forces, and attack the fort and
+mandarine vessels. About nine o'clock the action
+commenced, and continued with great spirit for
+nearly an hour, when the walls of the fort gave
+way, and the men retreated in the greatest confusion.</p>
+
+<p>The mandarine vessels still continued firing, having
+blocked up the entrance of the harbor to prevent
+the Ladrone boats entering. At this the Ladrones
+were much exasperated, and about three hundred<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span>
+of them swam on shore, with a short sword
+lashed close under each arm; they then ran along
+the banks of the river 'till they came abreast of the
+vessels, and then swam off again and boarded them.
+The Chinese thus attacked, leaped overboard, and
+endeavored to reach the opposite shore; the Ladrones
+followed, and cut the greater number of
+them to pieces in the water. They next towed the
+vessels out of the harbor, and attacked the town
+with increased fury. The inhabitants fought about
+a quarter of an hour, and then retreated to an adjacent
+hill, from which they were soon driven with
+great slaughter.</p>
+
+<p>After this the Ladrones returned, and plundered
+the town, every boat leaving it when laden. The
+Chinese on the hills perceiving most of the boats
+were off, rallied, and retook the town, after killing
+near two hundred Ladrones. One of my men was
+unfortunately lost in this dreadful massacre! The
+Ladrones landed a second time, drove the Chinese
+out of the town, then reduced it to ashes, and put
+all their prisoners to death, without regarding either
+age or sex!</p>
+
+<p>I must not omit to mention a most horrid (though
+ludicrous) circumstance which happened at this
+place. The Ladrones were paid by their chief ten
+dollars for every Chinaman's head they produced.
+One of my men turning the corner of a street was
+met by a Ladrone running furiously after a Chinese;
+he had a drawn sword in his hand, and two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span>
+Chinaman's heads which he had cut off, tied by
+their tails, and slung round his neck. I was witness
+myself to some of them producing five or six to
+obtain payment!</p>
+
+<p>On the 4th of November an order arrived from
+the admiral for the fleet to proceed immediately to
+Lantow, where he was lying with only two vessels,
+and three Portuguese ships and a brig constantly annoying
+him; several sail of mandarine vessels were
+daily expected. The fleet weighed and proceeded
+towards Lantow. On passing the island of Lintin,
+three ships and a brig gave chase to us. The Ladrones
+prepared to board; but night closing we lost
+sight of them: I am convinced they altered their
+course and stood from us. These vessels were in
+the pay of the Chinese government, and style themselves
+the Invincible Squadron, cruising in the river
+Tigris to annihilate the Ladrones!</p>
+
+<p>On the fifth, in the morning, the red squadron anchored
+in a bay under Lantow; the black squadron
+stood to the eastward. In this bay they hauled several
+of their vessels on shore to bream their bottoms
+and repair them.</p>
+
+<p>In the afternoon of the 8th of November, four
+ships, a brig and a schooner came off the mouth of
+the bay. At first the pirates were much alarmed,
+supposing them to be English vessels come to rescue
+us. Some of them threatened to hang us to the
+mast-head for them to fire at; and with much difficulty
+we persuaded them that they were Portuguese.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span>
+The Ladrones had only seven junks in a fit state for
+action; these they hauled outside, and moored them
+head and stern across the bay; and manned all the
+boats belonging to the repairing vessels ready for
+boarding.</p>
+
+<p>The Portuguese observing these maneuvers hove
+to, and communicated by boats. Soon afterwards
+they made sail, each ship firing her broadside as she
+passed, but without effect, the shot falling far short.
+The Ladrones did not return a single shot, but
+waved their colors, and threw up rockets, to induce
+them to come further in, which they might easily
+have done, the outside junks lying in four fathoms
+water which I sounded myself: though the Portuguese
+in their letters to Macao lamented there
+was not sufficient water for them to engage closer,
+but that they would certainly prevent their escaping
+before the mandarine fleet arrived!</p>
+
+<p>On the 20th of November, early in the morning,
+I perceived an immense fleet of mandarine vessels
+standing for the bay. On nearing us, they formed
+a line, and stood close in; each vessel as she discharged
+her guns tacked to join the rear and reload.
+They kept up a constant fire for about two hours,
+when one of their largest vessels was blown up by a
+firebrand thrown from a Ladrone junk; after which
+they kept at a more respectful distance, but continued
+firing without intermission 'till the 21st at night,
+when it fell calm.</p>
+
+<p>The Ladrones towed out seven large vessels,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span>
+with about two hundred rowboats to board them;
+but a breeze springing up, they made sail and escaped.
+The Ladrones returned into the bay, and anchored.
+The Portuguese and mandarines followed,
+and continued a heavy cannonading during that
+night and the next day. The vessel I was in had
+her foremast shot away, which they supplied very
+expeditiously by taking a mainmast from a smaller
+vessel.</p>
+
+<p>On the 23d, in the evening, it again fell calm;
+the Ladrones towed out fifteen junks in two divisions,
+with the intention of surrounding them, which
+was nearly effected, having come up with and
+boarded one, when a breeze suddenly sprung up.
+The captured vessel mounted twenty-two guns.
+Most of her crew leaped overboard; sixty or seventy
+were taken immediately, cut to pieces and
+thrown into the river. Early in the morning the
+Ladrones returned into the bay, and anchored in
+the same situation as before. The Portuguese and
+mandarines followed, keeping up a constant fire.
+The Ladrones never returned a single shot, but always
+kept in readiness to board, and the Portuguese
+were careful never to allow them an opportunity.</p>
+
+<p>On the 28th, at night, they sent in eight fire-vessels,
+which if properly constructed must have done
+great execution, having every advantage they could
+wish for to effect their purpose; a strong breeze and
+tide directly into the bay, and the vessels lying so
+close together that it was impossible to miss them.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span>
+On their first appearance the Ladrones gave a general
+shout, supposing them to be mandarine vessels
+on fire, but were very soon convinced of their mistake.
+They came very regularly into the center of
+the fleet, two and two, burning furiously; one of
+them came alongside of the vessel I was in, but they
+succeeded in booming her off. She appeared to be
+a vessel of about thirty tons; her hold was filled
+with straw and wood, and there were a few small
+boxes of combustibles on her deck, which exploded
+alongside of us without doing any damage. The Ladrones,
+however, towed them all on shore, extinguished
+the fire, and broke them up for fire-wood.
+The Portuguese claim the credit of constructing
+these destructive machines, and actually sent a dispatch
+to the Governor of Macao, saying they had
+destroyed at least one-third of the Ladrones' fleet,
+and hoped soon to effect their purpose by totally annihilating
+them!</p>
+
+<p>On the 29th of November, the Ladrones being all
+ready for sea, they weighed and stood boldly out,
+bidding defiance to the invincible squadron and imperial
+fleet, consisting of ninety-three war-junks, six
+Portuguese ships, a brig, and a schooner. Immediately
+the Ladrones weighed, they made all sail.
+The Ladrones chased them two or three hours,
+keeping up a constant fire; finding they did not come
+up with them, they hauled their wind and stood to
+the eastward.</p>
+
+<p>Thus terminated the boasted blockade, which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span>
+lasted nine days, during which time the Ladrones
+completed all their repairs. In this action not a
+single Ladrone vessel was destroyed, and their loss
+about thirty or forty men. An American was also
+killed, one of three that remained out of eight taken
+in a schooner. I had two very narrow escapes: the
+first, a twelve-pounder shot fell within three or four
+feet of me; another took a piece out of a small
+brass-swivel on which I was standing. The chief's
+wife frequently sprinkled me with garlic-water,
+which they consider an effectual charm against shot.
+The fleet continued under sail all night, steering towards
+the eastward. In the morning they anchored
+in a large bay surrounded by lofty and barren mountains.</p>
+
+<p>On the 2nd of December I received a letter from
+Lieutenant Maughn, commander of the Honorable
+Company's cruiser <i>Antelope</i>, saying that he had the
+ransom on board, and had been three days cruising
+after us, and wished me to settle with the chief on
+the securest method of delivering it. The chief
+agreed to send us in a small gunboat, 'till we came
+within sight of the <i>Antelope</i>; then the Compradore's
+boat was to bring the ransom and receive us.</p>
+
+<p>I was so agitated at receiving this joyful news,
+that it was with considerable difficulty I could scrawl
+about two or three lines to inform Lieutenant
+Maughn of the arrangements I had made. We were
+all so deeply affected by the gratifying tidings, that
+we seldom closed our eyes, but continued watching<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span>
+day and night for the boat. On the 6th she returned
+with Lieutenant Maughn's answer, saying he would
+respect any single boat; but would not allow the
+fleet to approach him. The chief then, according to
+his first proposal, ordered a gunboat to take us,
+and with no small degree of pleasure we left the
+Ladrone fleet about four o'clock in the morning.</p>
+
+<p>At one <span class="smcapl">P.M.</span> saw the <i>Antelope</i> under all sail,
+standing toward us. The Ladrone boat immediately
+anchored, and dispatched the Compradore's boat
+for the ransom, saying, that if she approached
+nearer, they would return to the fleet; and they were
+just weighing when she shortened sail, and anchored
+about two miles from us. The boat did not reach
+her 'till late in the afternoon, owing to the tide's
+being strong against her. She received the ransom
+and left the <i>Antelope</i> just before dark. A mandarine
+boat that had been lying concealed under the
+land, and watching their maneuvers, gave chase to
+her, and was within a few fathoms of taking her,
+when she saw a light, which the Ladrones answered,
+and the Mandarine hauled off.</p>
+
+<p>Our situation was now a most critical one; the
+ransom was in the hands of the Ladrones, and the
+Compradore dare not return with us for fear of a
+second attack from the mandarine boat. The Ladrones
+would not remain 'till morning, so we were
+obliged to return with them to the fleet.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning the chief inspected the ransom,
+which consisted of the following articles: two bales<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span>
+of superfine scarlet cloth; two chests of opium; two
+casks of gunpowder; and a telescope; the rest in
+dollars. He objected to the telescope not being
+new; and said he should detain one of us 'till another
+was sent, or a hundred dollars in lieu of it.
+The Compradore however agreed with him for the
+hundred dollars.</p>
+
+<div class="p4"><p>Every thing being at length settled, the chief ordered
+two gunboats to convey us near the <i>Antelope</i>;
+we saw her just before dusk, when the Ladrone
+boats left us. We had the inexpressible pleasure of
+arriving on board the <i>Antelope</i> at 7 <span class="smcapl">P.M.</span>, where we
+were most cordially received, and heartily congratulated
+on our safe and happy deliverance from a miserable
+captivity, which we had endured for eleven
+weeks and three days.</p></div>
+
+<h3><i>A few Remarks on the Origin, Progress, Manners,
+and Customs of the Ladrones</i></h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Ladrones are a disaffected race of Chinese,
+that revolted against the oppressions of the mandarins.
+They first commenced their depredations on
+the Western coast (Cochin-China), by attacking
+small trading vessels in rowboats, carrying from
+thirty to forty men each. They continued this system
+of piracy several years; at length their successes,
+and the oppressive state of the Chinese, had
+the effect of rapidly increasing their numbers. Hundreds
+of fishermen and others flocked to their standard;
+and as their number increased they consequently<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span>
+became more desperate. They blockaded
+all the principal rivers, and captured several large
+junks, mounting from ten to fifteen guns each.</p>
+
+<p>With these junks they formed a very formidable
+fleet, and no small vessels could trade on the coast
+with safety. They plundered several small villages,
+and exercised such wanton barbarity as struck horror
+into the breasts of the Chinese. To check these
+enormities the government equipped a fleet of forty
+imperial war-junks, mounting from eighteen to
+twenty guns each. On the very first rencontre,
+twenty-eight of the imperial junks struck to the pirates;
+the rest saved themselves by a precipitate retreat.</p>
+
+<p>These junks, fully equipped for war, were a great
+acquisition to them. Their numbers augmented so
+rapidly, that at the period of my captivity they were
+supposed to amount to near seventy thousand men,
+eight hundred large vessels, and nearly a thousand
+small ones, including rowboats. They were divided
+into five squadrons, distinguished by different colored
+flags: each squadron commanded by an admiral,
+or chief; but all under the orders of A-juo-Chay
+(Ching y&#301;h saou), their premier chief, a most
+daring and enterprising man, who went so far as to
+declare his intention of displacing the present Tartar
+family from the throne of China, and to restore
+the ancient Chinese dynasty.</p>
+
+<p>This extraordinary character would have certainly
+shaken the foundation of the government, had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span>
+he not been thwarted by the jealousy of the second
+in command, who declared his independence, and
+soon after surrendered to the mandarines with five
+hundred vessels, on promise of a pardon. Most of
+the inferior chiefs followed his example. A-juo-Chay
+(Ching y&#301;h saou) held out a few months
+longer, and at length surrendered with sixteen thousand
+men, on condition of a general pardon, and
+himself to be made a mandarine of distinction.</p>
+
+<p>The Ladrones have no settled residence on shore,
+but live constantly in their vessels. The after-part
+is appropriated to the captain and his wives; he generally
+has five or six. With respect to conjugal
+rights they are religiously strict; no person is allowed
+to have a woman on board, unless married to
+her according to their laws. Every man is allowed
+a small berth, about four feet square, where he
+stows with his wife and family.</p>
+
+<p>From the number of souls crowded in so small a
+space, it must naturally be supposed they are horridly
+dirty, which is evidently the case, and their
+vessels swarm with all kinds of vermin. Rats in
+particular, which they encourage to breed, and eat
+them as great delicacies; in fact, there are very few
+creatures they will not eat. During our captivity we
+lived three weeks on caterpillars boiled with rice.
+They are much addicted to gambling, and spend
+all their leisure hours at cards and smoking opium.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> From <i>The Ladrone Pirates</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> <i>Junk</i> is the Canton pronunciation of <i>chuen</i>, ship.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> The pirates had many other intimate acquaintances on shore,
+like Doctor <i>Chow</i> of Macao.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> The pirates were always afraid of this. We find the following
+statement concerning the Chinese pirates, taken from the records
+in the East-India House, and printed in Appendix C. to the <i>Report
+relative to the trade with the East-Indies and China</i>, in the sessions
+1820 and 1821 (reprinted 1829), p. 387.
+</p><p>
+"In the year 1808, 1809, and 1810, the Canton river was so infested
+with pirates, who were also in such force, that the Chinese
+government made an attempt to subdue them, but failed. The
+pirates totally destroyed the Chinese force; ravaged the river in
+every direction; threatened to attack the city of Canton, and destroyed
+many towns and villages on the banks of the river; and
+killed or carried off, to serve as Ladrones, several thousands of
+inhabitants.
+</p><p>
+"These events created an alarm extremely prejudicial to the
+commerce of Canton, and compelled the Company's supercargoes
+to fit out a small country ship to cruize for a short time against
+the pirates."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> That the whole family must suffer for the crime of one individual,
+seems to be the most cruel and foolish law of the whole
+Chinese criminal code.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> We know by the "History of the Chinese Pirates," that these
+"wasps of the ocean," to speak with <i>Yuen tsze yung lun</i>, were
+originally divided into six squadrons.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> In the barbarous Chinese-English spoken at Canton, all things
+are indiscriminately called <i>chop</i>. You hear of a chop-house, chop-boat,
+tea-chop, Chaou-chaou-chop, etc. To give a bill or agreement
+on making a bargain is in Chinese called <i>ch&#259; tan</i>; ch&#259; in the
+pronunciation of Canton is <i>chop</i>, which is then applied to any
+writing whatever.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> The following is the <i>Character of the Chinese of Canton, as
+given in ancient Chinese books</i>: "People of Canton are silly, light,
+weak in body, and weak in mind, without any ability to fight on
+land."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> <i>Joss</i> is a Chinese corruption of the Portuguese <i>Dios</i>, <i>God</i>. The
+Joss, or idol, of which Mr. Glasspoole speaks is the <i>San po shin</i>,
+which is spoken of in the work of Yuen tsze.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE FEMALE CAPTIVE<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Lucretia Parker</span></h3>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">The</span> event which is here related is the capture
+by the Pirates of the English sloop
+<i>Eliza Ann</i>, bound from St. Johns to Antigua,
+and the massacre of the whole crew (ten
+in number) with the exception of one female passenger,
+whose life, by the interposition of Divine
+Providence, was miraculously preserved. The particulars
+are copied from a letter written by the
+unfortunate Miss Parker (the female passenger
+above alluded to) to her brother in New York.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="rgt">St. Johns, April 3, 1825.</p>
+
+<p>Dear Brother,</p>
+
+<p>You have undoubtedly heard of my adverse fortune,
+and the shocking incident that has attended
+me since I had the pleasure of seeing you in November
+last. Anticipating your impatience to be
+made acquainted with a more circumstantial detail
+of my extraordinary adventures, I shall not on
+account of the interest which I know you must feel
+in my welfare, hesitate to oblige you; yet, I must
+declare to you that it is that consideration alone<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span>
+that prompts me to do it, as even the recollection
+of the scenes which I have witnessed you must be
+sensible must ever be attended with pain: and that
+I cannot reflect on what I have endured, and the
+scenes of horror that I have been witness to, without
+the severest shock. I shall now, brother, proceed
+to furnish you with a detail of my misfortunes
+as they occurred, without exaggeration, and if it
+should be your wish to communicate them to the
+public, through the medium of a public print, or
+in any other way, you are at liberty to do it, and
+I shall consider myself amply rewarded if in a
+single instance it proves beneficial in removing a
+doubt in the minds of such, who, although they dare
+not deny the existence of a Supreme Being, yet
+disbelieve that he ever in any way revealed Himself
+to his creatures. Let Philosophy (as it is
+termed) smile with pity or contempt on my weakness
+or credulity, yet the superintendence of a
+particular <span class="smcap">Providence</span>, interfering by second
+causes, is so apparent to me, and was so conspicuously
+displayed in the course of my afflictions, that
+I shall not banish it from my mind from the beginning
+to the end of my narration.</p>
+
+<p>On the 28th February I took passage on board
+the sloop <i>Eliza Ann</i>, captain Charles Smith, for
+Antigua, in compliance with the earnest request of
+brother Thomas and family, who had advised me
+that they had concluded to make that island the
+place of their permanent residence, having a few<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span>
+months previous purchased there a valuable Plantation.
+We set sail with a favorable wind, and with
+every appearance of a short and pleasant voyage,
+and met with no incident to destroy or diminish
+those flattering prospects, until about noon of the
+14th day from that of our departure, when a small
+schooner was discovered standing toward us, with
+her deck full of men, and as she approached us
+from her suspicious appearance there was not a
+doubt in the minds of any on board, but that she
+was a Pirate. When within a few yards of us, they
+gave a shout and our decks were instantly crowded
+with the motley crew of desperadoes, armed with
+weapons of almost every description that can be
+mentioned, and with which they commenced their
+barbarous work by unmercifully beating and maiming
+all on board except myself. As a retreat was
+impossible, and finding myself surrounded by
+wretches, whose yells, oaths, and imprecations, made
+them more resemble demons than human-beings,
+I fell on my knees, and from one who appeared
+to have the command, I begged for mercy, and for
+permission to retire to the cabin, that I might not be
+either the subject or a witness of the murderous
+scene that I had but little doubt was about to
+ensue. The privilege was not refused me. The
+monster in human shape (for such was then his
+appearance) conducted me by the hand himself to
+the companionway, and pointing to the cabin said
+to me, "Descend and remain there and you will be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span>
+perfectly safe, for although Pirates, we are not
+barbarians to destroy the lives of innocent females!"
+Saying this he closed the companion doors and left
+me alone, to reflect on my helpless and deplorable
+situation. It is indeed impossible for me, brother,
+to paint to your imagination what were my feelings
+at this moment; being the only female on board,
+my terror it cannot be expected was much less than
+that of the poor devoted mariners! I resigned my
+life to the Being who had lent it, and did not fail
+to improve the opportunity (which I thought it not
+improbable might be my last), to call on Him for
+that protection, which my situation so much at this
+moment required&mdash;and never shall I be persuaded
+but that my prayers were heard.</p>
+
+<p>While I remained in this situation, by the sound
+of the clashing of swords, attended by shrieks and
+dismal groans, I could easily imagine what was going
+on on deck, and anticipated nothing better than
+the total destruction by the Pirates of the lives of
+all on board. After I had remained about one hour
+and a half alone in the cabin, and all had become
+silent on deck, the cabin doors were suddenly thrown
+open, and eight or ten of the Piratical crew entered,
+preceded by him whom I had suspected to be
+their leader, and from whom I had received assurances
+that I should not be injured. By him I was
+again addressed and requested to banish all fears
+of personal injury&mdash;that they sought only for the
+money which they suspected to be secreted somewhere<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span>
+on board the vessel, and which they were
+determined to have, although unable to extort a
+disclosure of the place of its concealment by threats
+and violence from the crew. The Pirates now commenced
+a thorough search throughout the cabin,
+the trunks and chests belonging to the captain and
+mate were broken open, and rifled of their most
+valuable contents&mdash;nor did my baggage and stores
+meet with any better fate, indeed this was a loss
+which at this moment caused me but little uneasiness.
+I felt that my life was in too much jeopardy
+to lament in any degree the loss of my worldly
+goods, surrounded as I was by a gang of the most
+ferocious looking villains that my eyes ever before
+beheld, of different complexions, and each with a
+drawn weapon in his hand, some of them fresh
+crimsoned with the blood (as I then supposed) of
+my murdered countrymen and whose horrid imprecations
+and oaths were enough to appal the bravest
+heart!</p>
+
+<p>Their search for money proving unsuccessful
+(with the exception of a few dollars which they
+found in the captain's chest) they returned to the
+deck, and setting sail on the sloop, steered her for
+the place of their rendezvous, a small island or key
+not far distant I imagine from the island of Cuba,
+where we arrived the day after our capture. The
+island was nearly barren, producing nothing but a
+few scattered mangroves and shrubs, interspersed
+with the miserable huts of these outlaws of civilization,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span>
+among whom power formed the only law, and
+every species of iniquity was here carried to an
+extent of which no person who had not witnessed a
+similar degree of pollution, could form the most
+distant idea.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the sloop was brought to an
+anchor, the hatches were thrown off and the unfortunate
+crew ordered on deck&mdash;a command which to
+my surprise was instantly obeyed, as I had harboured
+strong suspicions that they had been all murdered
+by the Pirates the day previous. The poor devoted
+victims, although alive, exhibited shocking proofs
+of the barbarity with which they had been treated
+by the unmerciful Pirates; their bodies exhibiting
+deep wounds and bruises too horrible for me to
+attempt to describe! Yet, however great had been
+their sufferings, their lives had been spared only to
+endure still greater torments. Being strongly
+pinioned they were forced into a small leaky boat
+and rowed on shore, which we having reached and
+a division of the plunder having been made by the
+Pirates, a scene of the most bloody and wanton
+barbarity ensued, the bare recollection of which still
+chills my blood. Having first divested them of
+every article of clothing but their shirts and
+trousers, with swords, knives, axes, etc., they fell
+on the unfortunate crew of the <i>Eliza Ann</i> with the
+ferocity of cannibals. In vain did they beg for
+mercy and intreat of their murderers to spare their
+lives. In vain did poor Capt. S. attempt to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span>
+touch their feelings and to move them to pity by
+representing to them the situation of his innocent
+family; that he had a wife and three small children
+at home wholly dependent on him for support. But,
+alas, the poor man intreated in vain. His appeal
+was to monsters possessing hearts callous to the
+feelings of humanity. Having received a heavy
+blow from one with an ax, he snapped the cords
+with which he was bound, and attempted an escape
+by flight, but was met by another of the ruffians,
+who plunged a knife or dirk to his heart. I stood
+near him at this moment and was covered with his
+blood. On receiving the fatal wound he gave a
+single groan and fell lifeless at my feet. Nor were
+the remainder of the crew more fortunate. The
+mate while on his knees imploring mercy, and
+promising to accede to anything that the vile assassins
+should require of him, on condition of his
+life being spared, received a blow from a club,
+which instantaneously put a period to his existence!
+Dear brother, need I attempt to paint to your
+imagination my feelings at this awful moment?
+Will it not suffice for me to say that I have described
+to you a scene of horror which I was compelled to
+witness! and with the expectation too of being the
+next victim selected by these ferocious monsters,
+whose thirst for blood appeared to be insatiable.
+There appeared now but one alternative left me,
+which was to offer up a prayer to Heaven for the
+protection of that Being who has power to stay the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span>
+assassin's hand, and "who is able to do exceeding
+abundantly above what we can ask or think,"&mdash;sincerely
+in the language of scripture I can say, "I
+found trouble and sorrow, then called I upon the
+name of the Lord."</p>
+
+<p>I remained on my knees until the inhuman
+wretches had completed their murderous work, and
+left none but myself to lament the fate of those who
+but twenty-four hours before, were animated with
+the pleasing prospects of a quick passage, and a
+speedy return to the bosoms of their families! The
+wretch by whom I had been thrice promised protection,
+and who seemed to reign chief among them,
+again approached me with hands crimsoned with
+the blood of my murdered countrymen, and, with a
+savage smile, once more repeated his assurances that
+if I would but become reconciled to my situation,
+I had nothing to fear. There was indeed something
+truly terrific in the appearance of this man, or
+rather monster as he ought to be termed. He was
+of a swarthy complexion, near six feet in height, his
+eyes were large, black and penetrating; his expression
+was remarkable, and when silent, his looks were
+sufficient to declare his meaning. He wore around
+his waist a leathern belt, to which was suspended a
+sword, a brace of pistols and a dirk. He was as I
+was afterward informed the acknowledged chief
+among the Pirates, all appeared to stand in awe of
+him, and no one dared to disobey his commands.
+Such, dear brother, was the character who had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span>
+promised me protection if I would become reconciled
+to my situation, in other words, subservient to
+his will. But, whatever might have been his intentions,
+although now in his power, without a visible
+friend to protect me, yet such full reliance did I
+place in the Supreme Being, who sees and knows
+all things, and who has promised his protection to
+the faithful in the hour of tribulation, that I felt
+myself in a less degree of danger than you or any
+one would probably imagine.</p>
+
+<p>As the day drew near to a close, I was conducted
+to a small temporary hut or cabin, where I was informed
+I might repose peaceably for the night,
+which I did without being disturbed by any one.
+This was another opportunity that I did not suffer
+to pass unimproved to pour out my soul to that
+Being, who had already given me reasons to believe
+that he did not say to the house of Jacob, seek you
+me in vain. Oh! that all sincere Christians would
+in every difficulty make Him their refuge; He is a
+hopeful stay.</p>
+
+<p>Early in the morning ensuing I was visited by the
+wretch alone whom I had viewed as chief of the
+murderous band. As he entered and cast his eyes
+upon me, his countenance relaxed from its usual
+ferocity to a feigned smile. Without speaking a
+word, he seated himself on a bench that the cabin
+contained, and drawing a table toward him, leaned
+upon it resting his cheek upon his hand. His eyes
+for some moments were fixed in stedfast gaze<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span>
+upon the ground, while his whole soul appeared to
+be devoured by the most diabolical thoughts. In a
+few moments he arose from his seat and hastily
+traversed the hut, apparently in extreme agitation,
+and not unfrequently fixing his eyes stedfastly upon
+me. But, that Providence, which while it protects
+the innocent, never suffers the wicked to go unpunished,
+interposed to save me and to deliver me
+from the hands of this remorseless villain, at the
+very instant when in all probability he intended to
+have destroyed my happiness forever.</p>
+
+<p>On a sudden the Pirate's bugle was sounded,
+which (as I was afterward informed) was the usual
+signal of a sail in sight. The ruffian monster thereupon
+without uttering a word left my apartment,
+and hastened with all speed to the place of their
+general rendezvous on such occasions. Flattered by
+the pleasing hope that Providence might be about
+to complete her work of mercy, and was conducting
+to the dreary island some friendly aid, to rescue me
+from my perilous situation, I mustered courage to
+ascend to the roof of my hovel, to discover if possible
+the cause of the alarm, and what might be the
+issue.</p>
+
+<p>A short distance from the island I espied a sail
+which appeared to be lying to, and a few miles
+therefrom to the windward, another, which appeared
+to be bearing down under a press of sail
+for the former&mdash;in a moment the whole gang of
+Pirates, with the exception of four, were in their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span>
+boats, and with their oars, etc., were making every
+possible exertion to reach the vessel nearest to
+their island; but by the time they had effected their
+object the more distant vessel (which proved to be
+a British sloop of war disguised) had approached
+them within fair gunshot, and probably knowing or
+suspecting their characters, opened their ports and
+commenced a destructive fire upon them. The
+Pirates were now, as nearly as I could judge with
+the naked eye, thrown into great confusion. Every
+possible exertion appeared to have been made by
+them to reach the island, and escape from their
+pursuers. Some jumped from their boats and
+attempted to gain the shore by swimming, but these
+were shot in the water, and the remainder who remained
+in their boats were very soon after overtaken
+and captured by two well manned boats
+dispatched from the sloop of war for that purpose;
+and, soon had I the satisfaction to see them all on
+board of the sloop, and in the power of those from
+whom I was fully satisfied that they would meet
+with the punishment due to their crimes.</p>
+
+<p>In describing the characters of this Piratical band
+of robbers, I have, dear brother, represented them
+as wretches of the most frightful and ferocious
+appearance&mdash;blood-thirsty monsters, who, in acts of
+barbarity ought only to be ranked with cannibals,
+who delight to feast on human flesh. Rendered
+desperate by their crimes and aware that they
+should find no mercy if so unfortunate as to fall into<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span>
+the hands of those to whom they show no mercy,
+to prevent a possibility of detection, and the just
+execution of the laws wantonly destroy the lives of
+every one, however innocent, who may be so unfortunate
+as to fall into their power&mdash;such, indeed,
+brother, is the true character of the band of Pirates
+(to the number of 30 or 40) by whom it was my
+misfortune to be captured, with the exception of a
+single one, who possessed a countenance less savage,
+and had the appearance of possessing a heart less
+callous to the feelings of humanity. Fortunately
+for me, as Divine Providence ordered, this person
+was one of the four who remained on the island,
+and on whom the command involved after the unexpected
+disaster which had deprived them forever
+of so great a portion of their comrades. From this
+man (after the capture of the murderous tyrant to
+whose commands he had been compelled to yield)
+I received the kindest treatment, and assurances
+that I should be restored to liberty and to my
+friends when an opportunity should present, or
+when it could be consistently done with the safety
+of their lives and liberty.</p>
+
+<p>This unhappy man (for such he declared himself
+to be) took an opportunity to indulge me with a
+partial relation of a few of the most extraordinary
+incidents of his life. He declared himself an
+Englishman by birth, but his real name and place of
+nativity was he said a secret he would never disclose!
+"although I must (said he) acknowledge<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span>
+myself by profession a Pirate, yet I can boast of
+respectable parentage, and the time once was when
+I myself sustained an unimpeachable character.
+Loss of property, through the treachery of those
+whom I considered friends, and in whom I had
+placed implicit confidence, was what first led me
+to and induced me to prefer this mode of life, to
+any of a less criminal nature&mdash;but, although I voluntarily
+became the associate of a band of wretches
+the most wicked and unprincipled perhaps on earth,
+yet I solemnly declare that I have not in any one
+instance personally deprived an innocent fellow
+creature of life. It was an act of barbarity at which
+my heart ever recoiled, and against which I always
+protested. With the property I always insisted we
+ought to be satisfied, without the destruction of the
+lives of such who were probably the fathers of
+families, and who had never offended us. But our
+gang was as you may suppose chiefly composed of
+and governed by men without principle, who appeared
+to delight in the shedding of blood, and
+whose only excuse has been that by acting with too
+much humanity in sparing life, they might thereby
+be exposed and themselves arraigned to answer for
+their crimes at an earthly tribunal. You can have
+no conception, madam (continued he), of the immense
+property that has been piratically captured,
+and of the number of lives that have been destroyed
+by this gang alone, and all without the loss of a
+single one on our part until yesterday, when by an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span>
+unexpected circumstance our number has been reduced
+as you see from thirty-five to four! This
+island has not been our constant abiding place, but
+the bodies of such as have suffered here have always
+been conveyed a considerable distance from the
+shore, and thrown into the sea, where they were
+probably devoured by the sharks, as not a single one
+has ever been known afterward to drift on our
+shores. The property captured has not been long
+retained on this island, but shipped to a neighboring
+port, where we have an agent to dispose of it.</p>
+
+<p>"Of the great number of vessels captured by us
+(continued he) you are the first and only female
+that has been so unfortunate as to fall into our
+hands&mdash;and from the moment that I first saw you
+in our power (well knowing the brutal disposition
+of him whom we acknowledged our chief) I
+trembled for your safety, and viewed you as one
+deprived perhaps of the protection of a husband or
+brother, to become the victim of an unpitying
+wretch, whose pretended regard for your sex, and
+his repeated promises of protection, were hypocritical&mdash;a
+mere mask to lull your fears until he
+could effect your ruin. His hellish designs, agreeable
+to his own declarations, would have been
+carried into effect the very morning that he last
+visited you, had not an all-wise Providence interfered
+to save you&mdash;and so sensible am I that the
+unexpected circumstance of his capture, as well as
+that of the most of our gang, as desperate and unprincipled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span>
+as himself, must have been by order of
+Him, from whose all-seeing eye no evil transaction
+can be hidden, that were I so disposed I should be
+deterred from doing you any injury through fear of
+meeting with a similar fate. Nor do my three remaining
+companions differ with me in opinion, and
+we all now most solemnly pledge ourselves, that so
+long as you remain in our power, you shall have
+nothing to complain of but the deprivation of the
+society of those whose company no doubt would be
+more agreeable to you; and as soon as it can be
+done consistently with our own safety, you shall be
+conveyed to a place from which you may obtain a
+passage to your friends. We have now become too
+few in number to hazard a repetition of our
+Piratical robberies, and not only this, but some of
+our captured companions to save their own lives,
+may prove treacherous enough to betray us; we are
+therefore making preparation to leave this island
+for a place of more safety, when you, madam, shall
+be conveyed and set at liberty as I have promised
+you."</p>
+
+<p>Dear brother, if you before doubted, is not the
+declaration of this man (which I have recorded as
+correctly as my recollection will admit of) sufficient
+to satisfy you that I owe my life and safety to the
+interposition of a Divine Providence! Oh, yes!
+surely it is&mdash;and I feel my insufficiency to thank and
+praise my Heavenly Protector as I ought, for his
+loving kindness in preserving me from the evil designs<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span>
+of wicked men, and for finally restoring me
+to liberty and to my friends!</p></div>
+
+<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;">
+<span class="i0">I cannot praise Him as I would,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But He is merciful and good.<br /></span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>From this moment every preparation was made
+by the Pirates to remove from the island. The
+small quantity of stores and goods which remained
+on hand (principally of the <i>Ann Eliza's</i> cargo) was
+either buried on the island, or conveyed away in
+their boats in the night to some place unknown to
+me. The last thing done was to demolish their
+temporary dwellings, which was done so effectually
+as not to suffer a vestige of any thing to remain that
+could have led to a discovery that the island had
+ever been inhabited by such a set of beings. Eleven
+days from that of the capture of the <i>Ann Eliza</i>
+(the Pirates having previously put on board several
+bags of dollars, which from the appearance of the
+former, I judged had been concealed in the earth)
+I was ordered to embark with them, but for what
+place I then knew not.</p>
+
+<p>About midnight I was landed on the rocky shores
+of an island which they informed me was Cuba,
+they furnished me with a few hard biscuit and a
+bottle of water, and directed me to proceed early in
+the morning in a northeast direction, to a house
+about a mile distant, where I was told I would be
+well treated and be furnished with a guide that
+would conduct me to Mantansies. With these<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></span>
+directions they left me, and I never saw them more.</p>
+
+<p>At daybreak I set out in search of the house to
+which I had been directed by the Pirates, and which
+I had the good fortune to reach in safety in about
+an hour and a half. It was a humble tenement
+thatched with canes, without any flooring but the
+ground, and was tenanted by a man and his wife
+only, from whom I met with a welcome reception,
+and by whom I was treated with much hospitality.
+Although Spaniards, the man could speak and
+understand enough English to converse with me,
+and to learn by what means I had been brought so
+unexpectedly alone and unprotected to his house.
+Though it was the same to which I had been
+directed by the Pirates, yet he declared that so far
+from being in any way connected with them in their
+Piratical robberies, or enjoying any portion of their
+ill-gotten gain, no one could hold them in greater
+abhorrence. Whether he was sincere in these declarations
+or not, is well known to Him whom the
+lying tongue cannot deceive&mdash;it is but justice to them
+to say that by both the man and his wife I was
+treated with kindness, and it was with apparent
+emotions of pity that they listened to the tale of my
+sufferings. By their earnest request I remained with
+them until the morning ensuing, when I set out on
+foot for Mantansies, accompanied by the Spaniard
+who had kindly offered to conduct me to that place,
+which we reached about seven in the evening of
+the same day.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>At Mantansies I found many Americans and
+Europeans, by whom I was kindly treated, and who
+proffered their services to restore me to my friends,
+but as there were no vessels bound direct from
+thence to Antigua or St. Johns, I was persuaded to
+take passage for Jamaica, where it was the opinion
+of my friends I might obtain a passage more
+speedily for one or the other place, and where I
+safely arrived after a pleasant passage of four days.</p>
+
+<p>The most remarkable and unexpected circumstance
+of my extraordinary adventures, I have yet,
+dear brother, to relate. Soon after my arrival at
+Jamaica, the Authority having been made acquainted
+with the circumstance of my recent capture
+by the Pirates, and the extraordinary circumstance
+which produced my liberation, requested that I
+might be conducted to the Prison, to see if I could
+among a number of Pirates recently committed,
+recognize any of those by whom I had been captured.
+I was accordingly attended by two or three
+gentlemen, and two young ladies (who had politely
+offered to accompany me) to the prison apartment,
+on entering which, I not only instantly recognized
+among a number therein confined, the identical
+savage monster of whom I have had so much occasion
+to speak (the Pirates' Chief) but the most of
+those who had composed his gang, and who were
+captured with him!</p>
+
+<p>The sudden and unexpected introduction into
+their apartment of one, whom they had probably<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span>
+in their minds numbered with the victims of their
+wanton barbarity, produced unquestionably on their
+minds not an inconsiderable degree of horror as well
+as surprise! and, considering their condemnation
+now certain, they no doubt heaped curses upon their
+more fortunate companions, for sparing the life and
+setting at liberty one whom an all-wise Providence
+had conducted to and placed in a situation to bear
+witness to their unprecedented barbarity.</p>
+
+<p>Government having through me obtained the
+necessary proof of the guilt of these merciless
+wretches, after a fair and impartial trial they were
+all condemned to suffer the punishment due to their
+crimes, and seven ordered for immediate execution,
+one of whom was the barbarian their chief. After
+the conviction and condemnation of this wretch,
+in hopes of eluding the course of justice, he made
+(as I was informed) an attempt upon his own life,
+by inflicting upon himself deep wounds with a knife
+which he had concealed for that purpose; but in this
+he was disappointed, the wounds not proving so
+fatal as he probably anticipated.</p>
+
+<p>I never saw this hardened villain or any of his
+equally criminal companions after their condemnation,
+although strongly urged to witness their execution,
+and am therefore indebted to one who daily
+visited them, for the information of their behavior
+from that period until that of their execution;
+which, as regarded the former, I was informed was
+extremely impenitent&mdash;that while proceeding to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span>
+place of ignominy and death, he talked with shocking
+unconcern, hinting that by being instrumental in the
+destruction of so many lives, he had become too
+hardened and familiar with death to feel much intimidated
+at its approach! He was attended to
+the place of execution by a Roman Catholic Priest,
+who it was said labored to convince him of the
+atrociousness of his crimes, but he seemed deaf to
+all admonition or exhortation, and appeared insensible
+to the hope of happiness or fear of torment
+in a future state&mdash;and so far from exhibiting a
+single symptom of penitence, declared that he knew
+of but one thing for which he had cause to reproach
+himself, which was in sparing my life and not ordering
+me to be butchered as the others had been!
+How awful was the end of the life of this miserable
+criminal! He looked not with harmony, regard, or
+a single penitent feeling toward one human being
+in the last agonies of an ignominious death.</p>
+
+<p>After remaining nine days at Jamaica, I was so
+fortunate as to obtain a passage with Capt. Ellsmore,
+direct for St. Johns&mdash;the thoughts of once
+more returning home and of so soon joining my
+anxious friends, when I could have an opportunity
+to communicate to my aged parents, to a beloved
+sister and a large circle of acquaintances, the sad
+tale of the misfortunes which had attended me since
+I bid them adieu, would have been productive of
+the most pleasing sensations, had they not been
+interrupted by the melancholy reflection that I was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span>
+the bearer of tidings of the most heart-rending
+nature, to the bereaved families of those unfortunate
+husbands and parents who had in my presence
+fallen victims to Piratical barbarity. Thankful
+should I have been had the distressing duty fell to
+the lot of some one of less sensibility&mdash;but, unerring
+Providence had ordered otherwise. We arrived
+safe at our port of destination after a somewhat
+boisterous passage of 18 days. I found my
+friends all well, but the effects produced on their
+minds by the relation of the distressing incidents
+and adverse fortune that had attended me since
+my departure, I shall not attempt to describe&mdash;and
+much less can you expect, brother, that I should
+attempt a description of the feelings of the afflicted
+widow and fatherless child, who first received from
+me the melancholy tidings that they were so!</p>
+
+<p>Thus, brother, have I furnished you with as
+minute a detail of the sad misfortunes that have
+attended me, in my intended passage to Antigua, in
+February and March last, as circumstances will
+admit of&mdash;and here permit me once more to repeat
+the enquiry&mdash;is it not sufficient to satisfy you and
+every reasonable person, that I owe my life and
+liberty to the interposition of a Divine Providence?&mdash;so
+fully persuaded am I of this, dear brother,
+and of my great obligations to that Supreme Being
+who turned not away my prayer nor his mercy from
+me, that I am determined to engage with my whole
+heart to serve Him the residue of my days on earth,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span>
+by the aid of his heavenly grace&mdash;and invite all who
+profess to fear Him (should a single doubt remain
+on their minds) to come and hear what he hath
+done for me!</p>
+
+<div class="bk1"><p>I am, dear brother, affectionately yours,</p>
+<p class="td3"><span class="smcap">Lucretia Parker</span>.</p></div></div>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> From an Old Pamphlet, published in 1825.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>THE PASSING OF MOGUL MACKENZIE</h2>
+
+<div class="sp1"><p class="center">The Last of the North Atlantic Pirates<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a></p></div>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Arthur Hunt Chute</span></h3></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">In</span> the farther end of the Bay of Fundy, about a
+mile off from the Nova Scotian coast, is the Isle
+of Haut. It is a strange rocky island that rises
+several hundred feet sheer out of the sea, without
+any bay or inlets. A landing can only be effected
+there in the calmest weather; and on account of the
+tremendous ebb of the Fundy tides, which rise and
+fall sixty feet every twelve hours, the venturesome
+explorer cannot long keep his boat moored against
+the precipitous cliffs.</p>
+
+<p>Because of this inaccessibility little is known of
+the solitary island. Within its rampart walls of
+rock they say there is a green valley, and in its center
+is a fathomless lake, where the Micmac Indians
+used to bury their dead, and hence its dread appellation
+of the "Island of the Dead." Beyond
+these bare facts nothing more is certain about the
+secret valley and the haunted lake. Many wild and
+fabulous descriptions are current, but they are
+merely the weavings of fancy.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes on a stormy night the unhappy navigators
+of the North Channel miss the coast lights<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span>
+in the fog, and out from the Isle of Haut a gentle
+undertow flirts with their bewildered craft. Then
+little by little they are gathered into a mighty current
+against which all striving is in vain, and in the
+white foam among the iron cliffs their ship is
+pounded into splinters. The quarry which she
+gathers in so softly at first and so fiercely at last,
+however, is soon snatched away from the siren
+shore. The ebb-tide bears every sign of wreckage
+far out into the deeps of the Atlantic, and not a
+trace remains of the ill-starred vessel or her crew.
+But one of the boats in the fishing fleet never comes
+home, and from lonely huts on the coast reproachful
+eyes are cast upon the "Island of the Dead."</p>
+
+<p>On the long winter nights, when the "boys"
+gather about the fire in Old Steele's General Stores
+at Hall's Harbor, their hard gray life becomes
+bright for a spell. When a keg of hard cider is
+flowing freely the grim fishermen forget their taciturnity,
+the ice is melted from their speech, and the
+floodgates of their souls pour forth. But ever in
+the background of their talk, unforgotten, like a
+haunting shadow, is the "Island of the Dead." Of
+their weirdest and most blood-curdling yarns it is
+always the center; and when at last, with uncertain
+steps, they leave the empty keg and the dying fire
+to turn homeward through the drifting snow, fearful
+and furtive glances are cast to where the island
+looms up like a ghostly sentinel from the sea.
+Across its high promontory the Northern Lights<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span>
+scintillate and blaze, and out of its moving brightness
+the terrified fishermen behold the war-canoes of
+dead Indians freighted with their redskin braves;
+the forms of <i>c&#339;ur de bois</i> and desperate Frenchmen
+swinging down the sky-line in a ghastly snake-dance;
+the shapes and spars of ships long since forgotten
+from the "Missing List"; and always, most dread-inspiring
+of them all, the distress signals from the
+sinking ship of Mogul Mackenzie and his pirate
+crew.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Mogul Mackenzie was the last of the
+pirates to scourge the North Atlantic seaboard.
+He came from that school of freebooters that was
+let loose by the American Civil War. With a letter
+of marque from the Confederate States, he
+sailed the seas to prey on Yankee shipping. He and
+his fellow-privateers were so thorough in their work
+of destruction, that the Mercantile Marine of the
+United States was ruined for a generation to come.
+When the war was over the defeated South called
+off her few remaining bloodhounds on the sea. But
+Mackenzie, who was still at large, had drunk too
+deeply of the wine of a wild, free life. He did not
+return to lay down his arms, but began on a course
+of shameless piracy. He lived only a few months
+under the black flag, until he went down on the Isle
+of Haut. The events of that brief and thrilling
+period are unfortunately obscure, with only a ray of
+light here and there. But the story of his passing is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></span>
+the most weird of all the strange yarns that are
+spun about the "Island of the Dead."</p>
+
+<p>In May, 1865, a gruesome discovery was made
+off the coast of Maine, which sent a chill of fear
+through all the seaport towns of New England. A
+whaler bound for New Bedford was coming up
+Cape Cod one night long after dark. There was no
+fog, and the lights of approaching vessels could
+easily be discerned. The man on the lookout felt
+no uneasiness at his post, when, without any warning
+of bells or lights, the sharp bow of a brigantine
+suddenly loomed up, hardly a ship's length in
+front.</p>
+
+<p>"What the blazes are you trying to do?" roared
+the mate from the bridge, enraged at this unheard-of
+violation of the right of way. But no voice answered
+his challenge, and the brigantine went swinging
+by, with all her sails set to a spanking breeze.
+She bore directly across the bow of the whaler,
+which just grazed her stern in passing.</p>
+
+<p>"There's something rotten on board there," said
+the mate.</p>
+
+<p>"Ay," said the captain, who had come on the
+bridge, "there's something rotten there right
+enough. Swing your helm to port, and get after the
+devils," he ordered.</p>
+
+<p>"Ay, ay, sir!" came the ready response, and nothing
+loth the helmsman changed his course to follow
+the eccentric craft. She was evidently bound on
+some secret mission, for not otherwise would she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></span>
+thus tear through the darkness before the wind
+without the flicker of a light.</p>
+
+<p>The whaler was the swifter of the two ships, and
+she could soon have overhauled the other; but fearing
+some treachery, the captain refrained from running
+her down until daylight. All night long she
+seemed to be veering her course, attempting to escape
+from her pursuer. In the morning, off the coast
+of Maine, she turned her nose directly out to sea.
+Then a boat was lowered from the whaler, and
+rowed out to intercept the oncoming vessel. When
+they were directly in her course, they lay on their
+oars and waited. The brigantine did not veer
+again, but came steadily on, and soon the whalemen
+were alongside, and made themselves fast to a
+dinghy which she had in tow. A few minutes of
+apprehensive waiting followed, and as nothing happened,
+one of the boldest swung himself up over the
+tow-rope on to the deck. He was followed by the
+others, and they advanced cautiously with drawn
+knives and pistols.</p>
+
+<p>Not a soul was to be seen, and the men, who were
+brave enough before a charging whale, trembled
+with fear. The wheel and the lookout were alike
+deserted, and no sign of life could be discovered
+anywhere below. In the galley were the embers of a
+dead fire, and the table in the captain's cabin was
+spread out ready for a meal which had never been
+eaten. On deck everything was spick and span, and
+not the slightest evidence of a storm or any other<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span>
+disturbance could be found. The theory of a derelict
+was impossible. Apparently all had been well
+on board, and they had been sailing with good
+weather, when, without any warning, her crew had
+been suddenly snatched away by some dread power.</p>
+
+<p>The sailors with one accord agreed that it was
+the work of a sea-serpent. But the mate had no
+place for the ordinary superstitions of the sea, and
+he still scoured the hold, expecting at any minute to
+encounter a dead body or some other evil evidence
+of foul play. Nothing more, however, was found,
+and the mate at length had to end his search with
+the unsatisfactory conclusion that the <i>St. Clare</i>, a
+brigantine registered from Hartpool, with cargo of
+lime, had been abandoned on the high seas for no apparent
+reason. Her skipper had taken with him the
+ship's papers, and had not left a single clue behind.</p>
+
+<p>A crew was told off to stand by the <i>St. Clare</i> to
+bring her into port, and the others climbed into the
+long-boat to row back to the whaler.</p>
+
+<p>"Just see if there is a name on that there dinghy,
+before we go," said the mate.</p>
+
+<p>An exclamation of horror broke from one of the
+men as he read on the bow of the dinghy the name,
+<i>Kanawha</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The faces of all went white with a dire alarm
+as the facts of the mystery suddenly flashed before
+them. The <i>Kanawha</i> was the ship in which Captain
+Mogul Mackenzie had made himself notorious
+as a privateersman. Every one had heard her awe-inspiring<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span>
+name, and every Yankee seafaring man
+prayed that he might never meet her on the seas.
+After the <i>Alabama</i> was sunk, and the <i>Talahassee</i>
+was withdrawn, the <i>Kanawha</i> still remained to
+threaten the shipping of the North. For a long
+time her whereabouts had been unknown, and then
+she was discovered by a Federal gunboat, which
+gave chase and fired upon her. Without returning
+fire, she raced in for shelter amongst the dangerous
+islands off Cape Sable, and was lost in the fog. Rumor
+had it that she ran on the rocks off that perilous
+coast, and sank with all on board. As time went by,
+and there was no more sign of the corsair, the rumor
+was accepted as proven. Men began to spin
+yarns in the forecastle about Mogul Mackenzie,
+with an interest that was tinged with its former fear.
+Skippers were beginning to feel at ease again on the
+grim waters, when suddenly, like a bolt from the
+blue, came the awful news of the discovery of the
+<i>St. Clare</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Gunboats put off to scour the coast-line; and
+again with fear and trembling the look-out began to
+eye suspiciously every new sail coming up on the
+horizon.</p>
+
+<p>One afternoon, toward the end of May, a
+schooner came tearing into Portland harbor, with
+all her canvas, crowded on, and flying distress signals.
+Her skipper said that off the island of Campabello
+he had seen a long gray sailing-ship with auxiliary
+power sweeping down upon him. As the wind<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span>
+was blowing strong inshore, he had taken to his
+heels and made for Portland. He was chased all
+the way, and his pursuer did not drop him until he
+was just off the harbor bar.</p>
+
+<p>Many doubted his story, however, saying that no
+one would dare to chase a peaceful craft so near to
+a great port in broad daylight. And, again, it was
+urged that an auxiliary vessel could easily have overhauled
+the schooner between Campabello and Portland.
+The fact that the captain of the schooner
+was as often drunk as sober, and that when he was
+under the influence of drink he was given to seeing
+visions, was pointed to as conclusive proof that his
+yarn was a lie. After the New Bedford whaler
+came into port with the abandoned <i>St. Clare</i>, it
+was known beyond doubt that the <i>Kanawha</i> was still
+a real menace. But nobody cared to admit that
+Mogul Mackenzie was as bold as the schooner's report
+would imply, and hence countless arguments
+were put forward to allay such fears.</p>
+
+<p>But a few days later the fact that the pirates
+were still haunting their coast was absolutely corroborated.
+A coastal packet from Boston arrived
+at Yarmouth with the news that she had not only
+sighted <i>Kanawha</i> in the distance, but they had
+crossed each other's paths so near that the name
+could be discerned beyond question with a spyglass.
+She was heading up the Bay of Fundy, and did not
+pause or pay any heed to the other ship.</p>
+
+<p>This news brought with it consternation, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span>
+every town and village along the Fundy was a-hum
+with stories and theories about the pirate ship. The
+interest, instead of being abated, was augmented as
+the days went by with no further report. In the
+public-houses and along the quays it was almost the
+only topic of conversation. The excitement became
+almost feverish when it was known that several captains,
+outward bound, had taken with them a supply
+of rifles and ammunition. The prospect of a fight
+seemed imminent.</p>
+
+<p>About a week after the adventure of the Boston
+packet Her Majesty's ship <i>Buzzard</i> appeared off
+Yarmouth harbor. The news of the <i>Kanawha</i> had
+come to the Admiral at Halifax, and he had dispatched
+the warship to cruise about the troubled
+coast.</p>
+
+<p>"That'll be the end of old Mogul Mackenzie,
+now that he's got an English ship on his trail,"
+averred a Canadian as he sat drinking in the "Yarmouth
+Light" with a group of seafaring men of
+various nationalities. "It takes the British jack-tar
+to put the kibosh on this pirate game. One of them
+is worth a shipload of Yankees at the business."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, don't you crow too loud now," replied a
+Boston skipper. "I reckon that that Nova Scotian
+booze-artist, who ran into Portland the other day
+scared of his shadow, would not do you fellows
+much credit."</p>
+
+<p>"Yes; but what about your gunboats that have
+had the job of fixing the <i>Kanawha</i> for the last three<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span>
+years, and haven't done it yet?" The feelings between
+Canada and the United States were none too
+good just after the Civil War, and the Canadian
+was bound not to lose this opportunity for horse-play.
+"You're a fine crowd of sea-dogs, you are,
+you fellows from the Boston Tea-Party. Three
+years after one little half-drowned rat, and haven't
+got him yet. Wouldn't Sir Francis Drake or Lord
+Nelson be proud of the record that you long-legged,
+slab-sided Yankees have made on the sea!"</p>
+
+<p>"Shut your mouth! you blue-nosed, down-East
+herring-choker!" roared the Yankee skipper. "I
+reckon we've given you traitors that tried to stab
+us in the back a good enough licking; and if any
+more of your dirty dogs ever come nosing about
+down south of Mason and Dixon's Line, I bet
+they'll soon find out what our record is."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, you fools can waste your tongue and
+wind," said a third man, raising his glass, "but for
+me here's good luck to the <i>Buzzard</i>."</p>
+
+<p>"So say we all of us," chimed in the others, and
+the Yankee and the Canadian drank together to the
+success of the British ship, forgetting their petty
+jealousies before a common foe.</p>
+
+<p>Everywhere the news of the arrival of the British
+warship was hailed with delight. All seemed to
+agree that her presence assured the speedy extermination
+of the pirate crew. But after several days
+of futile cruising about the coast, her commander,
+to escape from a coming storm, had to put into St.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span>
+Mary's Bay, with the object of his search still eluding
+his vigilance. He only arrived in time to hear
+the last chapter of the <i>Kanawha's</i> tale of horrors.</p>
+
+<p>The night before, Dominic Lefountain, a farmer
+living alone at Meteighan, a little village on the
+French shore, had been awakened from his sleep
+by the moaning and wailing of a human voice. For
+days the imminent peril of an assault from the
+pirates had filled the people of the French coast with
+forebodings. And now, awakened thus in the dead
+of night, the lonely Frenchman was wellnigh paralyzed
+with terror. With his flesh creeping, and his
+eyes wide, he groped for his rifle, and waited in the
+darkness, while ever and anon came those unearthly
+cries from the beach. Nearly an hour passed before
+he could gather himself together sufficiently to investigate
+the cause of the alarm. At last, when the
+piteous wailing had grown weak and intermittent,
+the instinct of humanity mastered his fears, and he
+went forth to give a possible succor to the one in
+need.</p>
+
+<p>On the beach, lying prostrate, with the water
+lapping about his feet, he found a man in the last
+stage of exhaustion. The blood was flowing from
+his mouth, and as Dominic turned him over to
+stanch its flow, he found that his tongue had been
+cut out, and hence the unearthly wailing which had
+roused him from his sleep. The beach was deserted
+by this time, and it was too dark to see far out into
+the bay.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Dominic carried the unfortunate man to his house,
+and nursed him there for many weeks. He survived
+his frightful experiences, and lived on for
+twenty years, a pathetic and helpless figure, supported
+by the big-hearted farmers and fishermen of
+the French shore. Evidently he had known too
+much for his enemies, and they had sealed his mouth
+forever. He became known as the "Mysterious
+Man of Meteighan," and his deplorable condition
+was always pointed to as a mute witness of the last
+villainy of Mogul Mackenzie.</p>
+
+<p>On the night following the episode of the "Mysterious
+Man of Meteighan," a wild and untoward
+storm swept down the North Atlantic and over the
+seaboard far and near. In the Bay of Fundy that
+night the elements met in their grandest extremes.
+Tide-rips and mountain waves opposed each other
+with titanic force. All along the bleak and rock-ribbed
+coast the boiling waters lay churned into
+foam. Over the breakwaters the giant combers
+crashed and soared far up into the troubled sky;
+while out under the black clouds of the night the
+whirlpools and the tempests met. Was ever a night
+like this before? Those on shore thanked God; and
+those with fathers on the sea gazed out upon a
+darkness where no star of hope could shine.</p>
+
+<p>Now and again through the Stygian gloom a torrent
+of sheet-lightning rolled down across the
+heavens, bringing in its wake a moment of terrible
+light. It was in one of these brief moments of illumination<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span>
+that the wan watchers at Hall's Harbor
+discerned a long gray ship being swept like a specter
+before the winds towards the Isle of Haut. Until
+the flash of lightning the doomed seamen appeared
+to have been unconscious of their fast approaching
+fate; and then, as if suddenly awakened,
+they sent a long thin trail of light, to wind itself far
+up into the darkness. Again and again the rockets
+shot upward from her bow, while above the noises
+of the tempest came the roar of a gun.</p>
+
+<p>The people on the shore looked at each other
+with blanched faces, speechless, helpless. A lifetime
+by that shore had taught them the utter puniness
+of the sons of men. Others would have tried
+to do something with what they thought was their
+strong arm. But the fishermen knew too well that
+the Fundy's arm was stronger. In silence they
+waited with bated breath while the awful moments
+passed. Imperturbable they stood there, with their
+feet in the white foam and their faces in the salt
+spray, and gazed at the curtain of the night, behind
+which a tragedy was passing, as dark and dire as any
+in the annals of the sea.</p>
+
+<p>Another flash of lightning, and there, dashing
+upon the iron rocks, was a great ship, with all her
+sails set, and a cloud of lurid smoke trailing from
+her funnel. She was gray-colored, with auxiliary
+power, and as her lines dawned upon those who saw
+her in the moment of light, they burst out with one
+accord, "It's the <i>Kanawha</i>! It's the <i>Kanawha</i>!"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span>
+As if an answer to their sudden cry another gun
+roared, and another shower of rockets shot up into
+the sky; and then all was lost again in the darkness
+and the voices of the tempest.</p>
+
+<p>Next morning the winds had gone out with
+the tide, and when in the afternoon the calm waters
+had risen, a boat put off from Hall's Harbor and
+rowed to the Isle of Haut. For several hours the
+rocky shores were searched for some traces of the
+wreck, but not a spar or splinter could be found.
+All about the bright waters laughed, with naught
+but the sunbeams on their bosom, and not a
+shadow remained from last night's sorrow on the
+sea.</p>
+
+<p>So Mogul Mackenzie, who had lived a life of
+stress, passed out on the wings of storm. In his
+end, as always, he baffled pursuit, and was sought
+but could not be found. His sailings on the sea
+were in secret, and his last port in death was a
+mystery. But, as has been already related, when
+the Northern Lights come down across the haunted
+island, the distress signals of his pirate crew are still
+seen shooting up into the night.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> From <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[312]</a></span></p>
+<div class="p4"><h2>THE LAST OF THE SEA-ROVERS</h2>
+
+<div class="sp1"><p class="center">The Riff Coast Pirates<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a></p></div>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">W. B. Lord</span></h3>
+
+<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;">
+<span class="i0">O nay, O nay, then said our King,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">O nay, this must not be,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To yield to such a rover<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Myself will not agree;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He hath deceived the Frenchman,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Likewise the King of Spain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And how can he be true to me,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">That hath been false to twain?<br /></span>
+<div class="rgt"><small>OLD SEA SONG OF THE YEAR 1620.</small></div></div></div>
+
+<p class="cap"><span class="dcap">Probably</span> by this time the greater part of
+the piratical craft along the Riff coast has
+been destroyed, and the long-promised Moorish
+gunboat stationed there to protect foreign shipping.<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a>
+These steps have doubtless been hastened by
+the fact that the pirates, unfortunately for themselves,
+attacked a vessel some little time ago belonging
+to the Sultan of Morocco. For years past the
+Governments of several European Powers have
+sought to put friendly pressure upon the Sultan of
+Morocco to effectually stop the depredations of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span>
+Riffian coast pirates. No strong measures, however,
+were really taken until the above episode occurred.
+It is said that in early days the Moors were
+some time in accustoming themselves to the perils
+of the deep. At first they marvelled greatly at
+"those that go down to the sea in ships, and have
+their business in great waters," but they did not
+hasten to follow their example. One eminent ruler
+of ancient times, in that region, when asked what
+the sea was like, replied, "The sea is a huge beast
+which silly folk ride like worms on logs." But it
+afterwards became clear that the Moors had a
+strong fancy for the "worms" and "logs" too.
+They gave up marvelling at those who went to sea,
+and went on it themselves in search of plunder. The
+risk, the uncertainty, the danger, the sense of superior
+skill and ingenuity, that attract the adventurous
+spirit, and the passion for sport, are stated by
+some writers to have brought such a state of things
+into existence. One fact seems to be pretty certain,
+that when these depredations were first made, they
+took the form of reprisals upon the Spaniards. No
+sooner was Granada fallen, than thousands of desperate
+Moors left the land, disdaining to live under
+a Spanish yoke. Settling along a portion of the
+northern coast of Africa, they immediately proceeded
+to first attack all Spanish vessels that could
+be found. Their quickness and knowledge of the
+coasts gave them the opportunity of reprisals for
+which they longed. Probably this got monotonous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span>
+in course of time, for in their wild sea courses they
+took to harrying the vessels belonging to other nations,
+and so laid the foundation for a race of
+pirates, which has continued down to quite recently.
+As nowadays, the Moors cruised in boats from the
+commencement of their marauding expeditions.
+Each man pulled an oar, and knew how to fight as
+well as row. Drawing little water, a small squadron
+of these craft could be pushed up almost any
+creek, or lie hidden behind a rock, till the enemy
+came in sight. Then oars out, and a quick stroke
+for a few minutes. Next they were alongside their
+unsuspecting prey, and pouring in a first volley. Ultimately
+the prize was usually taken, the crew put
+in irons, and the pirates returned home with their
+capture, no doubt being received with acclamation
+upon their arrival.</p>
+
+<p>As far back as the sixteenth century the Spanish
+forts at Alhucemas&mdash;not to mention other places&mdash;were
+established for the purpose of repressing piracy
+in its vicinity. Considerable interest is attached
+to several of the piracies committed during the past
+few years, as they culminated in strong representations
+being made to the Sultan of Morocco by the
+various Governments under whose flag the respective
+vessels sailed. Some of them went so far as
+to send warships to cruise along the Riffian coast.
+This step apparently had some moral effect upon
+the pirates, for from that time onwards attacks
+upon foreign vessels practically ceased. Something<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span>
+more than this, however, was needed, for no one
+could say how soon the marauding expeditions might
+be renewed upon a larger scale than ever, so as to
+make up for lost opportunities. On August 14,
+1897, the Italian three-masted schooner <i>Fiducia</i>
+was off the coast of Morocco, in the Mediterranean,
+homeward bound from Pensacola to Marseilles.
+Here she got becalmed, and while in that
+condition two boats approached her from the shore.
+At first the crew of the <i>Fiducia</i> thought they were
+native fishing boats. When, however, the latter got
+within a hundred yards or so of the helpless vessel,
+the suspicions of the crew were aroused. The captain
+warned the Moors not to approach any nearer;
+a volley of bullets was returned by way of reply,
+followed by a regular fusillade as the boats advanced.
+There were only three revolvers on board
+the schooner, and with these the crew prepared to
+defend themselves. Soon, however, their supply of
+ammunition became exhausted, and the pirates
+boarded the schooner without further opposition.
+The vessel was at once ransacked, even the clothes
+of the crew being taken. The ship's own boat was
+lowered, and into this the marauders put their
+booty, and took it ashore, also carrying the captain
+and one of the crew with them. About an hour
+later another boat, containing about twenty pirates,
+came off and fired on the ship. The crew, seeing
+that they could offer no effective resistance, hid
+themselves away in the hold. The other pirates had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span>
+left very little for the new arrivals to take, and this
+seemed to annoy them so much that they gave vent
+to their ill-feelings in several ways, not the least
+wanton being the pollution of the ship's fresh water.
+They also smashed the vessel's compass, and tore up
+the charts. For the next two days the crew existed
+on a few biscuits, which the pirates had left behind.
+The following day the British steamship <i>Oanfa</i>, of
+London, hove in sight. The crew of the schooner
+hoisted a shirt as a signal, which was fortunately
+seen, and a boat sent off in response thereto. Assistance
+was promptly rendered, and the <i>Fiducia</i> put in
+a position to resume her voyage. This was done until
+spoken by the Italian cruiser <i>Ercole</i>, which assisted
+the schooner to her destination.</p>
+
+<p>In October, 1896, the French barque <i>Prosper
+Corue</i> was lying becalmed off Alhucemas, a place
+fortified by the Spaniards to keep the pirates in
+check, when several boats full of armed Moors
+seized the vessel and made the crew prisoners. They
+then completely pillaged the ship, removing almost
+everything of any use or value. While the miscreants
+were thus busily engaged a Spanish merchant
+steamship, named the <i>Sevilla</i>, happened to
+come along, and was in time to capture one boat and
+rescue several of the prisoners. The <i>Sevilla</i> then
+made towards the barque, but the pirates opened
+fire on the steamer, killing and wounding some of
+the crew. The Spaniard was compelled to retire,
+leaving the captain of the barque in the hands of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span>
+Moors. Subsequently the barque was picked up in
+an abandoned condition by the British steamship
+<i>Oswin</i>, and towed into Almeria. An arrangement
+was afterwards made with the pirates to release
+the captains of the <i>Fiducia</i> and the Portuguese
+barque <i>Rosita Faro</i>&mdash;a much earlier capture&mdash;and
+some members of both crews, in exchange for the
+Riffians captured by the Spanish steamer <i>Sevilla</i> and
+a ransom of 3,000 dollars. It was only after prolonged
+negotiations and a large sum of money that a
+French warship succeeded in obtaining the freedom
+of the captain of the <i>Prosper Corue</i> and a few other
+Frenchmen. For some reason or other, the pirates
+seemed very much disinclined to part with these
+prisoners. Only a short time before the attack on
+the French barque took place, a notice was issued
+by the British Board of Trade, in which the attention
+of ship-owners and masters of vessels was called
+to the dangers attending navigation off the coast of
+Morocco. The document then proceeded to detail
+the case of the British schooner <i>Mayer</i>, of Gibraltar,
+which was boarded about 10 miles from the Riff
+coast by twenty Moors armed with rifles and daggers.
+As usual, the pirates ransacked the vessel, destroyed
+the ensign and ship's papers, brutally assaulted
+the men on board, and then made off in their
+boat. Scarcely had the foregoing notice been generally
+circulated than another case of a similar character
+happened in connection with the Italian
+schooner <i>Scatuola</i>. Again, there is the Spanish cutter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span>
+<i>Jacob</i>. She was running along the Moorish
+coast one fine summer's evening a few years since,
+when a boat full of pirates suddenly came alongside,
+and speedily upset the quietness which had previously
+reigned on board the <i>Jacob</i>. Five of the
+crew managed to escape in the cutter's boat and were
+picked up some days later by a passing vessel. Those
+who remained on board the cutter fared very badly.
+After the vessel had been pillaged, the rigging and
+sails destroyed, the men were all securely bound
+and left to their fate. Fortunately the weather
+continued fine, and the <i>Jacob</i> drifted towards the
+Spanish coast, where she was seen and assistance
+promptly rendered.</p>
+
+<p>The captain of another Spanish vessel had quite a
+"thrilling" adventure among these pirates in May,
+1892. He left Gibraltar in command of the barque
+<i>San Antonio</i> for Alhucemas, and when about six
+miles from Pe&ntilde;on de la Gomera a boat manned by
+thirteen Moors was observed to be approaching the
+vessel. When near enough they opened fire, and ordered
+the captain to lower his sails, which was done,
+as the Spaniards were, practically speaking, without
+arms. The Moors then boarded the <i>San Antonio</i>
+and took her in tow. When close to the land the
+captain was rowed ashore, and the pirates spent part
+of the night in unloading the cargo. Next morning
+the <i>San Antonio</i> was seen drifting out to sea, and
+the captain, who was afraid of being put to death,
+suggested that he should go on board and bring her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span>
+back to the anchorage. Probably thinking that some
+of their comrades were on the barque, but unable to
+set the necessary canvas to return, only two Moors
+were sent off with the captain, and these remained
+in the boat when the vessel was reached. Upon
+gaining the deck of the barque the captain was surprised
+to find himself alone. Without hesitating for
+a moment he released the crew, who were confined
+below, hoisted sail and stood out to sea. The
+Moors who had been left in the boat were speedily
+cut adrift, much to their amazement, for it so happened
+that none of the pirates had stayed on board.
+No doubt they were eager to find a safe hiding-place
+for their plunder, and, thinking the barque quite secure
+till morning, took no further heed of the matter.
+A few days later the <i>San Antonio</i> arrived at
+Gibraltar, where full particulars of the outrage were
+furnished to the authorities. Space will not admit
+of details being given of the attacks on the Spanish
+barque <i>Goleta</i>, the Portuguese barque <i>Rosita Faro</i>,
+the British felucca <i>Joven Enrique</i>, and other vessels.
+It should be mentioned, however, that several famous
+British and foreign sailing yachts upon various
+occasions have had remarkably narrow escapes
+from being captured by these sea ruffians.</p>
+
+<p>It is sincerely to be hoped that the Sultan of
+Morocco is carrying out his task in such a manner
+as will induce the inhabitants of the Riff coast to
+follow some occupation in future which is more
+likely to be appreciated by those who have to navigate<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span>
+vessels in the Mediterranean. Previous to
+stern measures being taken by the Sultan, it was not
+at all uncommon for his envoys to the native tribes&mdash;for
+the purpose of obtaining the release of captives&mdash;to
+be received with derision. Often, too,
+they were maltreated to such an extent that they
+were glad to escape with their lives. Some of the
+neighboring tribes continually endeavored to purchase
+captives for the pleasure of killing them, but it
+is satisfactory to learn that no sales are recorded,
+as the anticipated ransom was always largely in excess
+of the sums offered by the bloodthirsty natives.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> From the <i>Nautical Magazine</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> About twenty years ago.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Great Pirate Stories, by Various
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@@ -0,0 +1,8106 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Great Pirate Stories, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Great Pirate Stories
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Joseph Lewis French
+
+Release Date: October 29, 2008 [EBook #27090]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GREAT PIRATE STORIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Stephen Blundell and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                   GREAT PIRATE STORIES
+
+
+                         EDITED BY
+
+                    JOSEPH LEWIS FRENCH
+ Editor of "Great Sea Stories," "Masterpieces of Mystery,"
+                "Great Ghost Stories," etc.
+
+
+                        TWO VOLUMES
+                          IN ONE
+
+
+                   TUDOR PUBLISHING CO.
+                         NEW YORK
+
+
+
+
+      First Printing, November, 1922
+      Second Printing, January, 1923
+      Third Printing, November, 1923
+      Fourth Printing, November, 1929
+
+
+ _Printed in the United States of America_
+
+      Copyright, 1922, by Brentano's
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+    Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.
+    Archaic, dialect and quoted spellings (including inconsistent proper
+    nouns), in addition to irregular hyphenation, remain as printed. The
+    oe ligature is shown as [oe], whilst [)a] and [)i] indicate a breve
+    over the relevant vowel.
+
+
+
+
+    Go tell your King, he is King of the Land;
+    But I am the King of the Sea!
+
+                      BARBAROSSA TO CHARLES V.
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+
+Piracy embodies the romance of the sea at its highest expression. It is
+a sad but inevitable commentary on our civilization, that, so far as the
+sea is concerned, it has developed from its infancy down to a century or
+so ago, under one phase or another of piracy. If men were savages on
+land they were doubly so at sea, and all the years of maritime
+adventure--years that added to the map of the world till there was
+little left to discover--could not wholly eradicate the piratical germ.
+It went out gradually with the settlement and ordering of the far-flung
+British colonies. Great Britain, foremost of sea powers, must be
+credited with doing more both directly and indirectly for the abolition
+of crime and disorder on the high seas than any other force. But the
+conquest was not complete till the advent of steam which chased the
+sea-rover into the farthest corners of his domain. It is said that he
+survives even today in certain spots in the Chinese waters,--but he is
+certainly an innocuous relic. A pirate of any sort would be as great a
+curiosity today if he could be caught and exhibited as a fabulous
+monster.
+
+The fact remains and will always persist that in the lore of the sea he
+is far and away the most picturesque figure,--and the more genuine and
+gross his career, the higher degree of interest does he inspire.
+
+There may be a certain human perversity in this, for the pirate was
+unquestionably a bad man--at his best, or worst--considering his
+surroundings and conditions,--undoubtedly the worst man that ever lived.
+There is little to soften the dark yet glowing picture of his exploits.
+But again, it must be remembered, that not only does the note of
+distance subdue, and even lend a certain enchantment to the scene, but
+the effect of contrast between our peaceful times and his own
+contributes much to deepen our interest in him. Perhaps it is this
+latter, added to that deathless spark in the human breast that glows at
+the tale of adventure, which makes him the kind of hero of romance that
+he is today.
+
+He is undeniably a redoubtable historical figure. It is a curious fact
+that the commerce of the seas was cradled in the lap of buccaneering.
+The constant danger of the deeps in this form only made hardier mariners
+out of the merchant-adventurers, actually stimulating and strengthening
+maritime enterprise.
+
+Buccaneering--which is only a politer term for piracy--thus became the
+high romance of the seas during the great centuries of maritime
+adventure. It went hand in hand with discovery,--they were in fact
+almost inseparable. Most of the mighty mariners from the days of Leif
+the Discoverer, through those of the redoubtable Sir Francis Drake down
+to our own Paul Jones, answer to the roll-call.
+
+It was a bold hardy world--this of ours--up to the advent of our
+giant-servant, Steam,--every foot of which was won by fierce conquest of
+one sort or another. Out of this past the pirate emerges as a romantic,
+even at times heroic, figure. This final niche, despite his crimes,
+cannot altogether be denied him. A hero he is and will remain so long as
+tales of the sea are told. So, have at him, in these pages!
+
+                                                  JOSEPH LEWIS FRENCH.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                                    PAGE
+
+ The Piccaroon                                                         1
+       From _Tom Cringle's Log_. By MICHAEL SCOTT.
+
+ The Capture of Panama, 1671                                          23
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ The Malay Proas                                                      52
+       From _Afloat and Ashore_. By JAMES FENIMORE COOPER.
+
+ The Wonderful Fight of the _Exchange_ of Bristol with the
+   Pirates of Algiers                                                 61
+       From _Purchas, His Pilgrims_. By SAMUEL PURCHAS.
+
+ The Daughter of the Great Mogul                                      89
+       From _The King of the Pirates_. By DANIEL DEFOE.
+
+ Barbarossa--King of the Corsairs                                     97
+       From _Sea Wolves of the Mediterranean_. By E. HAMILTON
+         CURREY, R.N.
+
+ Morgan at Puerto Bello                                              115
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ The Ways of the Buccaneers                                          126
+       From _Buccaneer Customs on the Spanish Main_. By JOHN
+         MASEFIELD after JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ A True Account of Three Notorious Pirates                           132
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By HOWARD PYLE, ED.
+
+ Narrative of the Capture of the Ship _Derby_, 1735                  196
+       By CAPTAIN ANSELM.
+
+ Francis Lolonois, the Slave Who Became a Pirate King                209
+       From _The Buccaneers of America_. By JOHN ESQUEMELING.
+
+ The Fight between the _Dorrill_ and the _Moca_                      232
+       From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+ Jaddi the Malay Pirate                                              240
+       From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+ The Terrible Ladrones                                               247
+       From _The Ladrone Pirates_. By RICHARD GLASSPOOLE.
+
+ The Female Captive                                                  276
+       From an Old Pamphlet, published in 1825. By LUCRETIA
+         PARKER.
+
+ The Passing of Mogul Mackenzie, the Last of the North Atlantic
+   Pirates                                                           298
+       From _Blackwood's Magazine_. By ARTHUR HUNT CHUTE.
+
+ The Last of the Sea-Rovers: The Riff Coast Pirates                  312
+       From the _Nautical Magazine_. By W. B. LORD.
+
+
+
+
+GREAT PIRATE STORIES
+
+
+
+
+THE PICCAROON[1]
+
+MICHAEL SCOTT
+
+"Ours the wild life in tumult still to range."--_The Corsair._
+
+
+We returned to Carthagena, to be at hand should any opportunity occur
+for Jamaica, and were lounging about one forenoon on the fortifications,
+looking with sickening hearts out to seaward, when a voice struck up the
+following negro ditty close to us:--
+
+    "Fader was a Corramantee,
+      Moder was a Mingo,
+    Black picaniny buccra wantee,
+      So dem sell a me, Peter, by jingo.
+          Jiggery, jiggery, jiggery."
+
+"Well sung, Massa Bungo!" exclaimed Mr. Splinter; "where do you hail
+from, my hearty?"
+
+"Hillo! Bungo, indeed! free and easy dat, anyhow. Who you yousef, eh?"
+
+"Why, Peter," continued the lieutenant, "don't you know me?"
+
+"Cannot say dat I do," rejoined the negro, very gravely, without lifting
+his head, as he sat mending his jacket in one of the embrasures near the
+water-gate of the arsenal--"Hab not de honour of your acquaintance,
+sir."
+
+He then resumed his scream, for song it could not be called:--
+
+    "Mammy Sally's daughter
+      Lose him shoe in an old canoe
+    Dat lay half full of water,
+      And den she knew not what to do.
+          Jiggery, jig----"
+
+"Confound your jiggery, jiggery, sir! But I know you well enough, my
+man; and you can scarcely have forgotten Lieutenant Splinter of the
+Torch, one would think?"
+
+However, it was clear that the poor fellow really had not known us; for
+the name so startled him, that, in his hurry to unlace his legs from
+under him, as he sat tailor-fashion, he fairly capsized out of his
+perch, and toppled down on his nose--a feature, fortunately, so
+flattened by the hand of nature, that I question if it could have been
+rendered more obtuse had he fallen out of the maintop on a timber-head,
+or a marine officer's.
+
+"Eh!--no--yes, him sure enough; and who is de picaniny hofficer--Oh! I
+see, Massa Tom Cringle? Garamighty, gentlemen, where have you drop from?
+Where is de old Torch? Many a time hab I, Peter Mangrove, pilot to Him
+Britannic Majesty squadron, taken de old brig in and through amongst de
+keys at Port Royal!"
+
+"Ay, and how often did you scour her copper against the coral reefs,
+Peter?"
+
+His Majesty's pilot gave a knowing look, and laid his hand on his
+breast--"No more of dat if you love me, massa."
+
+"Well, well, it don't signify now, my boy; she will never give you that
+trouble again--foundered--all hands lost, Peter, but the two you see
+before you."
+
+"Werry sorry, Massa Plinter, werry sorry--What! de black cook's-mate and
+all?--But misfortune can't be help. Stop till I put up my needle, and I
+will take a turn wid you." Here he drew himself up with a great deal of
+absurd gravity. "Proper dat British hofficer in distress should assist
+one anoder--we shall consult togeder.--How can I serve you?"
+
+"Why, Peter, if you could help us to a passage to Port Royal, it would
+be serving us most essentially. When we used to be lying there a week
+seldom passed without one of the squadron arriving from this; but here
+have we been for more than a month without a single pennant belonging to
+the station having looked in: our money is running short, and if we are
+to hold on in Carthagena for another six weeks, we shall not have a shot
+left in the locker--not a copper to tinkle on a tombstone."
+
+The negro looked steadfastly at us, then carefully around. There was no
+one near.
+
+"You see, Massa Plinter, I am desirable to serve you, for one little
+reason of my own; but, beside dat, it is good for me at present to make
+some friend wid de hofficer of de squadron, being as how dat I am absent
+widout leave."
+
+"Oh, I perceive--a large R against your name in the master-attendant's
+books, eh?"
+
+"You have hit it, sir, werry close; besides, I long mosh to return to my
+poor wife, Nancy Cator, dat I leave, wagabone dat I is, just about to be
+confine."
+
+I could not resist putting in my oar.
+
+"I saw Nancy just before we sailed, Peter--fine child that; not quite so
+black as you, though."
+
+"Oh, massa," said Snowball, grinning, and showing his white teeth, "you
+know I am soch a terrible black fellow--But you are a leetle out at
+present, massa--I meant, about to be confine in de work-house for
+stealing de admiral's Muscovy ducks;" and he laughed loud and
+long.--"However, if you will promise dat you will stand my friends, I
+will put you in de way of getting a shove across to de east end of
+Jamaica; and I will go wid you too, for company."
+
+"Thank you," rejoined Mr. Splinter; "but how do you mean to manage this?
+There is no Kingston trader here at present, and you don't mean to make
+a start of it in an open boat, do you?"
+
+"No, sir, I don't; but in de first place--as you are a gentleman, will
+you try and get me off when we get to Jamaica? Secondly, will you
+promise dat you will not seek to know more of de vessel you may go in,
+nor of her crew, than dey are willing to tell you, provided you are
+landed safe?"
+
+"Why, Peter, I scarcely think you would deceive us, for you know I saved
+your bacon in that awkward affair, when through drunkenness you plumped
+the Torch ashore, so----"
+
+"Forget dat, sir--forget dat! Never shall poor black pilot forget how
+you saved him from being seized up, when de gratings, boatswain's mates,
+and all, were ready at de gangway--never shall poor black rascal forget
+dat."
+
+"Indeed, I do not think you would wittingly betray us into trouble,
+Peter; and as I guess you mean one of the forced traders, we will
+venture in her, rather than kick about here any longer, and pay a
+moderate sum for our passage."
+
+"Den wait here five minute"--and so saying, he slipped down through the
+embrasure into a canoe that lay beneath, and in a trice we saw him jump
+on board of a long low nondescript kind of craft that lay moored within
+pistol-shot of the walls.
+
+She was a large shallow vessel, coppered to the bends, of great breadth
+of beam, with bright sides, like an American, so painted as to give her
+a clumsy mercantile sheen externally, but there were many things that
+belied this to a nautical eye: her copper, for instance, was bright as
+burnished gold on her very sharp bows and beautiful run; and we could
+see, from the bastion where we stood, that her decks were flush and
+level. She had no cannon mounted that were visible; but we distinguished
+grooves on her well-scrubbed decks, as from the recent traversing of
+carronade slides, while the bolts and rings in her high and solid
+bulwarks shone clear and bright in the ardent noontide. There was a
+tarpaulin stretched over a quantity of rubbish, old sails, old junk, and
+hencoops, rather ostentatiously piled up forward, which we conjectured
+might conceal a long gun.
+
+She was a very taught-rigged hermaphrodite, or brig forward and schooner
+aft. Her foremast and bowsprit were immensely strong and heavy, and her
+mainmast was so long and tapering, that the wonder was how the few
+shrouds and stays about it could support it; it was the handsomest stick
+we had ever seen. Her upper spars were on the same scale, tapering away
+through topmast, topgallant-mast, royal and skysail-masts, until they
+fined away into slender wands. The sails, that were loose to dry, were
+old, and patched, and evidently displayed to cloak the character of the
+vessel by an ostentatious show of their unserviceable condition; but her
+rigging was beautifully fitted, every rope lying in the chafe of another
+being carefully served with hide. There were several large
+bushy-whiskered fellows lounging about the deck, with their hair
+gathered into dirty net-bags, like the fishermen of Barcelona; many had
+red silk sashes round their waists, through which were stuck their long
+knives, in shark-skin sheaths. Their numbers were not so great as to
+excite suspicion: but a certain daring, reckless manner, would at once
+have distinguished them, independently of anything else, from the quiet,
+hard-worked, red-shirted, merchant seaman.
+
+"That chap is not much to be trusted," said the lieutenant; "his bunting
+would make a few jackets for Joseph, I take it." But we had little time
+to be critical, before our friend Peter came paddling back with another
+blackamoor in the stern, of as ungainly an exterior as could well be
+imagined. He was a very large man, whose weight every now and then, as
+they breasted the short sea, cocked up the snout of the canoe with Peter
+Mangrove in it, as if he had been a cork, leaving him to flourish his
+paddle in the air, like the weather-wheel of a steam-boat in a sea-way.
+The new-comer was strong and broad-shouldered, with long muscular arms,
+and a chest like Hercules; but his legs and thighs were, for his bulk,
+remarkably puny and misshapen. A thick fell of black wool, in close
+tufts, as if his face had been stuck full of cloves, covered his chin
+and upper-lip; and his hair, if hair it could be called, was twisted
+into a hundred short plaits, that bristled out, and gave his head, when
+he took his hat off, the appearance of a porcupine. There was a large
+saber-cut across his nose and down his cheek, and he wore two immense
+gold earrings. His dress consisted of short cotton drawers, that did
+not reach within two inches of his knee, leaving his thin cucumber
+shanks (on which the small bullet-like calf appeared to have been stuck
+before, through mistake, in place of abaft) naked to the shoe; a check
+shirt, and an enormously large Panama hat, made of a sort of cane, split
+small, and worn shovel-fashion. Notwithstanding, he made his bow by no
+means ungracefully, and offered his services in choice Spanish, but
+spoke English as soon as he heard who we were.
+
+"Pray, sir, are you the master of that vessel?" said the lieutenant.
+
+"No, sir, I am the mate, and I learn you are desirous of a passage to
+Jamaica." This was spoken with a broad Scotch accent.
+
+"Yes, we are," said I, in very great astonishment, "but we will not sail
+with the devil; and who ever saw a negro Scotchman before, the spirit of
+Nicol Jarvie conjured into a blackamoor's skin!"
+
+The fellow laughed. "I am black, as you see; so were my father and
+mother before me." And he looked at me, as much as to say, I have read
+the book you quote from. "But I was born in the good town of
+Port-Glasgow notwithstanding, and many a voyage I have made as cabin-boy
+and cook in the good ship the Peggy Bogle, with worthy old Jock Hunter;
+but that matters not. I was told you wanted to go to Jamaica; I dare-say
+our captain will take you for a moderate passage-money. But here he
+comes to speak for himself.--Captain Vanderbosh, here are two
+shipwrecked British officers, who wish to be put on shore on the east
+end of Jamaica; will you take them, and what will you charge for their
+passage?"
+
+The man he spoke to was nearly as tall as himself; he was a sunburnt,
+angular, raw-boned, iron-visaged veteran, with a nose in shape and color
+like the bowl of his own pipe, but not at all, according to the received
+idea, like a Dutchman. His dress was quizzical enough--white-trousers, a
+long-flapped embroidered waistcoat that might have belonged to a Spanish
+grandee, with an old-fashioned French-cut coat, showing the frayed marks
+where the lace had been stripped off, voluminous in the skirts, but very
+tight in the sleeves, which were so short as to leave his large bony
+paws, and six inches of his arm above the wrist, exposed; altogether, it
+fitted him like a purser's shirt on a hand-spike.
+
+"Vy, for von hondred thaler I will land dem safe in Mancheoneal Bay; but
+how shall ve manage, Villiamson? De cabin vas point yesterday."
+
+The Scotch negro nodded. "Never mind; I dare-say the smell of the paint
+won't signify to the gentlemen."
+
+The bargain was ratified; we agreed to pay the stipulated sum, and that
+same evening, having dropped down with the last of the sea-breeze, we
+set sail from Bocca Chica, and began working up under the lee of the
+headland of Punto Canoa. When off the San Domingo Gate, we burned a
+blue-light, which was immediately answered by another in-shore of us. In
+the glare we could perceive two boats, full of men. Any one who has ever
+played at snapdragon, can imagine the unearthly appearance of objects
+when seen by this species of firework. In the present instance it was
+held aloft on a boat-hook, and cast a strong spectral light on the band
+of lawless ruffians, who were so crowded together that they entirely
+filled the boats, no part of which could be seen. It seemed as if two
+clusters of fiends, suddenly vomited forth from hell, were floating on
+the surface of the midnight sea, in the midst of brimstone flames. In a
+few moments our crew was strengthened by about forty as ugly Christians
+as I ever set eyes on. They were of all ages, countries, complexions,
+and tongues, and looked as if they had been kidnapped by a pressgang as
+they had knocked off from the Tower of Babel. From the moment they came
+on board, Captain Vanderbosh was shorn of all his glory, and sank into
+the petty officer while, to our amazement, the Scottish negro took the
+command, evincing great coolness, energy, and skill. He ordered the
+schooner to be wore as soon as we had shipped the men, and laid her head
+off the land, then set all hands to shift the old suit of sails, and to
+bend new ones.
+
+"Why did you not shift your canvas before we started?" said I to the
+Dutch captain, or mate, or whatever he might be.
+
+"Vy vont you be content to take a quiet passage and hax no question?"
+was the uncivil rejoinder, which I felt inclined to resent, until I
+remembered that we were in the hands of the Philistines, where a quarrel
+would have been worse than useless. I was gulping down the insult as
+well as I could, when the black captain came aft, and, with the air of
+an equal, invited us into the cabin to take a glass of grog. We had
+scarcely sat down before we heard a noise like the swaying up of guns,
+or some other heavy articles, from the hold.
+
+I caught Mr. Splinter's eye--he nodded, but said nothing. In half an
+hour afterwards, when we went on deck, we saw by the light of the moon
+twelve eighteen-pound carronades mounted, six of a side, with their
+accompaniments of rammers and sponges, water-buckets, boxes of round,
+grape, and canister, and tubs of wadding, while the coamings of the
+hatchways were thickly studded with round-shot. The tarpaulin and lumber
+forward had disappeared, and there lay long Tom, ready levelled,
+grinning on his pivot.
+
+The ropes were all coiled away, and laid down in regular man-of-war
+fashion; while an ugly gruff beast of a Spanish mulatto, apparently the
+officer of the watch, walked the weatherside of the quarterdeck in the
+true pendulum style. Look-outs were placed aft, and at the gangways and
+bows, who every now and then passed the word to keep a bright look-out,
+while the rest of the watch were stretched silent, but evidently broad
+awake, under the lee of the boat. We noticed that each man had his
+cutlass buckled round his waist--that the boarding-pikes had been cut
+loose from the main boom, round which they had been stopped, and that
+about thirty muskets were ranged along a fixed rack that ran athwart
+ships near the main hatchway.
+
+By the time we had reconnoitred thus far the night became overcast, and
+a thick bank of clouds began to rise to windward; some heavy drops of
+rain fell, and the thunder grumbled at a distance. The black veil crept
+gradually on, until it shrouded the whole firmament, and left us in as
+dark a night as ever poor devils were out in. By-and-by a narrow streak
+of bright moonlight appeared under the lower-edge of the bank, defining
+the dark outlines of the tumbling multitudinous billows on the horizon
+as distinctly as if they had been pasteboard waves in a theater.
+
+"Is that a sail to windward in the clear, think you?" said Mr. Splinter
+to me in a whisper. At this moment it lightened vividly. "I am sure it
+is," continued he--"I could see her white canvas glance just now."
+
+I looked steadily, and at last caught the small dark speck against the
+bright background, rising and falling on the swell of the sea like a
+feather.
+
+As we stood on, she was seen more distinctly, but, to all appearance,
+nobody was aware of her proximity. We were mistaken in this, however,
+for the captain suddenly jumped on a gun, and gave his orders with a
+fiery energy that startled us.
+
+"Leroux!" A small French boy was at his side in a moment. "Forward, and
+call all hands to shorten sail; but, _doucement_, you land-crab!--Man
+the fore clew-garnets.--Hands by the top-gallant clew-lines--jib
+down-haul--rise tacks and sheets--peak and throat haulyards--let
+go--clew up--settle away the main-gaff there!"
+
+In almost as short a space as I have taken to write it, every inch of
+canvas was close furled--every light, except the one in the binnacle,
+and that was cautiously masked, carefully extinguished--a hundred and
+twenty men at quarters, and the ship under bare poles. The head-yards
+were then squared, and we bore up before the wind. The stratagem proved
+successful; the strange sail could be seen through the night-glasses
+cracking on close to the wind, evidently under the impression that we
+had tacked.
+
+"Dere she goes, chasing de Gobel," said the Dutchman.
+
+She now burned a blue-light, by which we saw she was a heavy
+cutter--without doubt our old fellow-cruiser the Spark. The Dutchman had
+come to the same conclusion.
+
+"My eye, captain, no use to dodge from her; it is only dat footy little
+King's cutter on de Jamaica station."
+
+"It is her, true enough," answered Williamson; "and she is from Santa
+Martha with a freight of specie, I know. I will try a brush with her,
+by----"
+
+Splinter struck in before he could finish his irreverent exclamation.
+"If your conjecture be true, I know the craft--a heavy vessel of her
+class, and you may depend on hard knocks, and small profit if you do
+take her; while if she takes you----"
+
+"I'll be hanged if she does"--and he grinned at the conceit--then
+setting his teeth hard, "or rather, I will blow the schooner up with my
+own hand before I strike; better that than have one's bones bleached in
+chains on a key at Port Royal. But you see you cannot control us,
+gentlemen; so get down into the cable-tier, and take Peter Mangrove with
+you. I would not willingly see those come to harm who have trusted me."
+
+However, there was no shot flying as yet, we therefore stayed on deck.
+All sail was once more made; the carronades were cast loose on both
+sides, and double-shotted, the long-gun slewed round, the tack of the
+fore-and-aft foresail hauled up, and we kept by the wind, and stood
+after the cutter, whose white canvas we could still see through the
+gloom like a snow-wreath.
+
+As soon as she saw us, she tacked and stood towards us, and came bowling
+along gallantly, with the water roaring and flashing at her bows. As the
+vessels neared each other they both shortened sail, and finding that we
+could not weather her, we steered close under her lee.
+
+As we crossed on opposite tacks, her commander hailed, "Ho, the
+brigantine, ahoy!"
+
+"Hillo!" sung out Blackie, as he backed his main-top-sail.
+
+"What schooner is that?"
+
+"The Spanish schooner Caridad."
+
+"Whence, and whither bound?"
+
+"Carthagena to Porto Rico."
+
+"Heave-to, and send your boat on board."
+
+"We have none that will swim, sir."
+
+"Very well, bring-to, and I will send mine."
+
+"Call away the boarders," said our captain, in a low stern tone; "let
+them crouch out of sight behind the boat."
+
+The cutter wore, and hove-to under our lee quarter, within pistol-shot;
+we heard the rattle of the ropes running through the davit-blocks, and
+the splash of the jolly-boat touching the water, then the measured
+stroke of the oars, as they glanced like silver in the sparkling sea,
+and a voice calling out, "Give way, my lads."
+
+The character of the vessel we were on board of was now evident; and the
+bitter reflection that we were chained to the stake on board of a
+pirate, on the eve of a fierce contest with one of our own cruisers, was
+aggravated by the consideration, that the cutter had fallen into a snare
+by which a whole boat's crew would be sacrificed before a shot was
+fired.
+
+I watched my opportunity as she pulled up alongside, and called out,
+leaning well over the nettings, "Get back to your ship!--treachery! get
+back to your ship!"
+
+The little French serpent was at my side with the speed of thought, his
+long clear knife glancing in one hand, while the fingers of the other
+were laid on his lips. He could not have said more plainly, "Hold your
+tongue, or I'll cut your throat;" but Sneezer now startled him by
+rushing between us, and giving a short angry growl.
+
+The officer in the boat had heard me imperfectly; he rose up--"I won't
+go back, my good man, until I see what you are made of;" and as he spoke
+he sprang on board, but the instant he got over the bulwarks, he was
+caught by two strong hands, gagged, and thrown bodily down the
+main-hatchway.
+
+"Heave," cried a voice, "and with a will!" and four cold 32-pound shot
+were hove at once into the boat alongside, which, crashing through her
+bottom, swamped her in a moment, precipitating the miserable crew into
+the boiling sea. Their shrieks still ring in my ears as they clung to
+the oars and some loose planks of the boat.
+
+"Bring up the officer, and take out the gag," said Williamson.
+
+Poor Walcolm, who had been an old messmate of mine, was now dragged to
+the gangway half-naked, his face bleeding, and heavily ironed, when the
+blackamoor, clapping a pistol to his head, bid him, as he feared
+instant death, hail "that the boat had swamped under the counter, and to
+send another." The poor fellow, who appeared stunned and confused, did
+so, but without seeming to know what he said.
+
+"Good God," said Mr. Splinter, "don't you mean to pick up the boat's
+crew?"
+
+The blood curdled to my heart, as the black savage answered in a voice
+of thunder, "Let them drown and be d----d! Fill, and stand on!"
+
+But the clouds by this time broke away, and the mild moon shone clear
+and bright once more upon this scene of most atrocious villainy. By her
+light the cutter's people could see that there was no one struggling in
+the water now, and that the people must either have been saved, or were
+past all earthly aid; but the infamous deception was not entirely at an
+end.
+
+The captain of the cutter, seeing we were making sail, did the same, and
+after having shot ahead of us, hailed once more.
+
+"Mr. Walcolm, why don't you run to leeward, and heave-to, sir?"
+
+"Answer him instantly, and hail again for another boat," said the sable
+fiend, and cocked his pistol.
+
+The click went to my heart. The young midship-man turned his pale mild
+countenance, laced with his blood, upwards towards the moon and stars,
+as one who had looked his last look on earth; the large tears were
+flowing down his cheeks, and mingling with the crimson streaks, and a
+flood of silver light fell on the fine features of the poor boy, as he
+said firmly, "Never." The miscreant fired, and he fell dead.
+
+"Up with the helm, and wear across her stern." The order was obeyed.
+"Fire!" The whole broadside was poured in, and we could hear the shot
+rattle and tear along the cutter's deck, and the shrieks and groans of
+the wounded, while the white splinters glanced away in all directions.
+
+We now ranged alongside, and close action commenced, and never do I
+expect to see such an infernal scene again. Up to this moment there had
+been neither confusion nor noise on board the pirate--all had been
+coolness and order; but when the yards locked the crew broke loose from
+all control--they ceased to be men--they were demons, for they threw
+their own dead and wounded, as they were mown down like grass by the
+cutter's grape, indiscriminately down the hatchways to get clear of
+them. They had stripped themselves almost naked; and although they
+fought with the most desperate courage, yelling and cursing, each in his
+own tongue, most hideously, yet their very numbers, pent up in a small
+vessel, were against them. At length, amidst the fire and smoke and
+hellish uproar, we could see that the deck had become a very shambles;
+and unless they soon carried the cutter by boarding, it was clear that
+the coolness and discipline of my own glorious service must prevail,
+even against such fearful odds; the superior size of the vessel,
+greater number of guns, and heavier metal. The pirates seemed aware of
+this themselves, for they now made a desperate attempt forward to carry
+their antagonist by boarding, led on by the black captain. Just at this
+moment the cutter's main-boom fell across the schooner's deck, close to
+where we were sheltering ourselves from the shot the best way we could;
+and while the rush forward was being made, by a sudden impulse Splinter
+and I, followed by Peter and the dog (who with wonderful sagacity,
+seeing the uselessness of resistance, had cowered quietly by my side
+during the whole row), scrambled along it as the cutter's people were
+repelling the attack on her bow, and all four of us, in our haste,
+jumped down on the poor Irishman at the wheel.
+
+"Murder, fire, rape, and robbery!--it is capsized, stove in, sunk,
+burned, and destroyed I am! Captain, captain, we are carried aft
+here--Och, hubbaboo for Patrick Donnally!"
+
+There was no time to be lost; if any of the crew came aft we were dead
+men, so we tumbled down through the cabin skylight, men and beast, the
+hatch having been knocked off by a shot, and stowed ourselves away in
+the side berths. The noise on deck soon ceased--the cannon were again
+plied--gradually the fire slackened, and we could hear that the pirate
+had scraped clear and escaped. Some time after this the lieutenant
+commanding the cutter came down. Poor Mr. Douglas! both Mr. Splinter
+and I knew him well. He sat down and covered his face with his hands,
+while the blood oozed down between his fingers. He had received a
+cutlass wound on the head in the attack. His right arm was bound up with
+his neckcloth, and he was very pale.
+
+"Steward, bring me a light.--Ask the doctor how many are killed and
+wounded; and--do you hear?--tell him to come to me when he is done
+forward, but not a moment sooner. To have been so mauled and duped by a
+buccaneer; and my poor boat's crew----"
+
+Splinter groaned. He started--but at this moment the man returned again.
+
+"Thirteen killed, your honor, and fifteen wounded; scarcely one of us
+untouched." The poor fellow's own skull was bound round with a bloody
+cloth.
+
+"God help me! Gold help me! but they have died the death of men. Who
+knows what death the poor fellows in the boat have died!"--Here he was
+cut short by a tremendous scuffle on the ladder, down which an old
+quartermaster was trundled neck and crop into the cabin. "How now,
+Jones?"
+
+"Please your honor," said the man, as soon as he had gathered himself
+up, and had time to turn his quid and smooth down his hair; but again
+the uproar was renewed, and Donnally was lugged in, scrambling and
+struggling between two seamen--"this here Irish chap, your honor, has
+lost his wits, if so be he ever had any, your honor. He has gone mad
+through fright."
+
+"Fright be d----d!" roared Donnally; "no man ever frightened me; but as
+his honor was skewering them bloody thieves forward, I was boarded and
+carried aft by the devil, your honor--pooped by Beelzebub, by ----," and
+he rapped his fist on the table until everything on it danced again.
+"There were four of them, yeer honor--a black one and two blue ones--and
+a pie-bald one, with four legs and a bushy tail--each with two horns on
+his head, for all the world like those on Father M'Cleary's red cow--no,
+she was humbled--it is Father Clannachan's, I mane--no, not his neither,
+for his was the parish bull; fait, I don't know what I mane, except that
+they had all horns on their heads, and vomited fire, and had each of
+them a tail at his stern, twisting and twining like a conger eel, with a
+blue light at the end on't."
+
+"And dat's a lie, if ever dere was one," exclaimed Peter Mangrove,
+jumping from the berth. "Look at me, you Irish tief, and tell me if I
+have a blue light or a conger eel at my stern!"
+
+This was too much for poor Donnally. He yelled out, "You'll believe your
+own eyes now, yeer honor, when you see one o' dem bodily before you! Let
+me go--let me go!" and, rushing up the ladder, he would, in all
+probability, have ended his earthly career in the salt sea, had his
+bullet-head not encountered the broadest part of the purser, who was in
+the act of descending, with such violence, that he shot him out of the
+companion several feet above the deck, as if he had been discharged from
+a culverin; but the recoil sent poor Donnally, stunned and senseless, to
+the bottom of the ladder. There was no standing all this; we laughed
+outright, and made ourselves known to Mr. Douglas, who received us
+cordially, and in a week we were landed at Port Royal.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] From _Tom Cringle's Log_.
+
+
+
+
+THE CAPTURE OF PANAMA, 1671[2]
+
+JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Captain Morgan set forth from the castle of Chagre, towards Panama,
+August 18, 1670. He had with him twelve hundred men, five boats laden
+with artillery, and thirty-two canoes. The first day they sailed only
+six leagues, and came to a place called De los Bracos. Here a party of
+his men went ashore, only to sleep and stretch their limbs, being almost
+crippled with lying too much crowded in the boats. Having rested awhile,
+they went abroad to seek victuals in the neighboring plantations; but
+they could find none, the Spaniards being fled, and carrying with them
+all they had. This day, being the first of their journey, they had such
+scarcity of victuals, as the greatest part were forced to pass with only
+a pipe of tobacco, without any other refreshment.
+
+Next day, about evening, they came to a place called Cruz de Juan
+Gallego. Here they were compelled to leave their boats and canoes, the
+river being very dry for want of rain, and many trees having fallen into
+it.
+
+The guides told them, that, about two leagues farther, the country
+would be very good to continue the journey by land. Hereupon they left
+one hundred and sixty men on board the boats, to defend them, that they
+might serve for a refuge in necessity.
+
+Next morning, being the third day, they all went ashore, except those
+who were to keep the boats. To these Captain Morgan gave order, under
+great penalties, that no man, on any pretext whatever, should dare to
+leave the boats, and go ashore; fearing lest they should be surprised by
+an ambuscade of Spaniards in the neighboring woods, which appeared so
+thick as to seem almost impenetrable. This morning beginning their
+march, the ways proved so bad, that Captain Morgan thought it more
+convenient to transport some of the men in canoes (though with great
+labor) to a place farther up the river, called Cedro Bueno. Thus they
+reembarked, and the canoes returned for the rest; so that about night
+they got altogether at the said place. The pirates much desired to meet
+some Spaniards or Indians, hoping to fill their bellies with their
+provisions, being reduced to extremity and hunger.
+
+The fourth day the greatest part of the pirates marched by land, being
+led by one of the guides; the rest went by water farther up, being
+conducted by another guide, who always went before them, to discover, on
+both sides of the river, the ambuscades. These had also spies, who were
+very dextrous to give notice of all accidents, or of the arrival of the
+pirates, six hours, at least, before they came. This day, about noon,
+they came near a post called Torna Cavallos: here the guide of the
+canoes cried out, that he perceived an ambuscade. His voice caused
+infinite joy to all the pirates, hoping to find some provisions to
+satiate their extreme hunger. Being come to the place, they found nobody
+in it, the Spaniards being fled, and leaving nothing behind but a few
+leathern bags, all empty, and a few crumbs of bread scattered on the
+ground where they had eaten. Being angry at this, they pulled down a few
+little huts which the Spaniards had made, and fell to eating the
+leathern bags, to allay the ferment of their stomachs, which was now so
+sharp as to gnaw their very bowels. Thus they made a huge banquet upon
+these bags of leather, divers quarrels arising concerning the greatest
+shares. By the bigness of the place, they conjectured about five hundred
+Spaniards had been there, whom, finding no victuals, they were now
+infinitely desirous to meet, intending to devour some of them rather
+than perish.
+
+Having feasted themselves with those pieces of leather, they marched on,
+till they came about night to another post, called Torna Munni. Here
+they found another ambuscade, but as barren as the former. They searched
+the neighboring woods, but could not find anything to eat, the Spaniards
+having been so provident, as not to leave anywhere the least crumb of
+sustenance, whereby the pirates were now brought to this extremity.
+Here again he was happy that he had reserved since noon any bit of
+leather to make his supper of, drinking after it a good draught of water
+for his comfort. Some, who never were out of their mothers' kitchens,
+may ask, how these pirates could eat and digest those pieces of leather,
+so hard and dry? Whom I answer, that, could they once experiment what
+hunger, or rather famine, is, they would find the way as the pirates
+did. For these first sliced it in pieces, then they beat it between two
+stones, and rubbed it, often dipping it in water, to make it supple and
+tender. Lastly, they scraped off the hair, and broiled it. Being thus
+cooked, they cut it into small morsels, and ate it, helping it down with
+frequent gulps of water, which, by good fortune, they had at hand.
+
+The fifth day, about noon, they came to a place called Barbacoa. Here
+they found traces of another ambuscade, but the place totally as
+unprovided as the former. At a small distance were several plantations,
+which they searched very narrowly, but could not find any person,
+animal, or other thing, to relieve their extreme hunger. Finally, having
+ranged about, and searched a long time, they found a grot, which seemed
+to be but lately hewn out of a rock, where were two sacks of meal,
+wheat, and like things, with two great jars of wine, and certain fruits
+called platanoes. Captain Morgan, knowing some of his men were now
+almost dead with hunger, and fearing the same of the rest, caused what
+was found to be distributed among them who were in greatest necessity.
+Having refreshed themselves with these victuals, they marched anew with
+greater courage then ever. Such as were weak were put into the canoes,
+and those commanded to land that were in them before. Thus they
+prosecuted their journey till late at night; when coming to a
+plantation, they took up their rest, but without eating anything; for
+the Spaniards, as before, had swept away all manner of provisions.
+
+The sixth day they continued their march, part by land and part by
+water. Howbeit, they were constrained to rest very frequently, both for
+the ruggedness of the way, and their extreme weakness, which they
+endeavored to relieve by eating leaves of trees and green herbs, or
+grass; such was their miserable condition. This day at noon they arrived
+at a plantation, where was a barn full of maize. Immediately they beat
+down the doors and ate it dry, as much as they could devour; then they
+distributed a great quantity, giving every man a good allowance. Thus
+provided, and prosecuting their journey for about an hour, they came to
+another ambuscade. This they no sooner discovered, but they threw away
+their maize, with the sudden hopes of finding all things in abundance.
+But they were much deceived, meeting neither Indians nor victuals, nor
+anything else: but they saw, on the other side of the river, about a
+hundred Indians, who, all fleeing, escaped. Some few pirates leaped
+into the river to cross it, and try to take any of the Indians, but in
+vain: for, being much more nimble than the pirates, they not only
+baffled them, but killed two or three with their arrows; hooting at
+them, and crying, "Ha, perros! a la savana, a la savana."--"Ha, ye dogs!
+go to the plain, go to the plain."
+
+This day they could advance no farther, being necessitated to pass the
+river, to continue their march on the other side. Hereupon they reposed
+for that night, though their sleep was not profound; for great
+murmurings were made at Captain Morgan, and his conduct; some being
+desirous to return home, while others would rather die there than go
+back a step from their undertaking: others, who had greater courage,
+laughed and joked at their discourses. Meanwhile, they had a guide who
+much comforted them, saying, "It would not now be long before they met
+with people from whom they should reap some considerable advantage."
+
+The seventh day, in the morning, they made clean their arms, and every
+one discharged his pistol, or musket, without bullet, to try their
+firelocks. This done, they crossed the river, leaving the post where
+they had rested, called Santa Cruz, and at noon they arrived at a
+village called Cruz. Being yet far from the place, they perceived much
+smoke from the chimneys: the sight hereof gave them great joy, and hopes
+of finding people and plenty of good cheer. Thus they went on as fast as
+they could, encouraging one another, saying, "There is smoke comes out
+of every house: they are making good fires, to roast and boil what we
+are to eat;" and the like.
+
+At length they arrived there, all sweating and panting, but found no
+person in the town, nor anything eatable to refresh themselves, except
+good fires, which they wanted not; for the Spaniards, before their
+departure, had every one set fire to his own house, except the king's
+storehouses and stables.
+
+They had not left behind them any beast, alive or dead, which much
+troubled their pursuers, not finding anything but a few cats and dogs,
+which they immediately killed and devoured. At last, in the king's
+stables, they found, by good fortune, fifteen or sixteen jars of Peru
+wine, and a leathern sack full of bread. No sooner had they drank of
+this wine, when they fell sick, almost every man: this made them think
+the wine was poisoned, which caused a new consternation in the whole
+camp, judging themselves now to be irrecoverably lost. But the true
+reason was, their want of sustenance, and the manifold sorts of trash
+they had eaten. Their sickness was so great, as caused them to remain
+there till the next morning, without being able to prosecute their
+journey in the afternoon. This village is seated in 9 deg. 2 min. north
+latitude, distant from the river Chagre twenty-six Spanish leagues, and
+eight from Panama. This is the last place to which boats or canoes can
+come; for which reason they built here storehouses for all sorts of
+merchandise, which to and from Panama are transported on the backs of
+mules.
+
+Here Captain Morgan was forced to leave his canoes, and land all his
+men, though never so weak; but lest the canoes should be surprised, or
+take up too many men for their defense, he sent them all back to the
+place where the boats were, except one, which he hid, that it might
+serve to carry intelligence. Many of the Spaniards and Indians of this
+village having fled to the near plantations, Captain Morgan ordered that
+none should go out of the village, except companies of one hundred
+together, fearing lest the enemy should take an advantage upon his men.
+Notwithstanding, one party contravened these orders, being tempted with
+the desire of victuals: but they were soon glad to fly into the town
+again, being assaulted with great fury by some Spaniards and Indians,
+who carried one of them away prisoner. Thus the vigilancy and care of
+Captain Morgan was not sufficient to prevent every accident.
+
+The eighth day in the morning Captain Morgan sent two hundred men before
+the body of his army, to discover the way to Panama, and any ambuscades
+therein: the path being so narrow, that only ten or twelve persons could
+march abreast, and often not so many. After ten hours' march they came
+to a place called Quebrada Obscura: here, all on a sudden, three or four
+thousand arrows were shot at them, they not perceiving whence they
+came, or who shot them: though they presumed it was from a high rocky
+mountain, from one side to the other, whereon was a grot, capable of but
+one horse or other beast laded. This multitude of arrows much alarmed
+the pirates, especially because they could not discover whence they were
+discharged. At last, seeing no more arrows, they marched a little
+farther, and entered a wood: here they perceived some Indians to fly as
+fast as they could, to take the advantage of another post, thence to
+observe their march; yet there remained one troop of Indians on the
+place, resolved to fight and defend themselves, which they did with
+great courage till their captain fell down wounded; who, though he
+despaired of life, yet his valor being greater than his strength, would
+ask no quarter, but, endeavoring to raise himself, with undaunted mind
+laid hold of his azagayo, or javelin, and struck at one of the pirates;
+but before he could second the blow, he was shot to death. This was also
+the fate of many of his companions, who, like good soldiers, lost their
+lives with their captain, for the defense of their country.
+
+The pirates endeavored to take some of the Indians prisoners, but they
+being swifter than the pirates, every one escaped, leaving eight pirates
+dead, and ten wounded: yea, had the Indians been more dextrous in
+military affairs, they might have defended the passage, and not let one
+man pass. A little while after they came to a large champaign, open,
+and full of fine meadows; hence they could perceive at a distance before
+them some Indians, on the top of a mountain, near the way by which they
+were to pass: they sent fifty men, the nimblest they had, to try to
+catch any of them, and force them to discover their companions: but all
+in vain; for they escaped by their nimbleness, and presently showed
+themselves in another place, hallooing to the English and crying, "A la
+savana, a la savana, perros Ingleses!" that is, "To the plain, to the
+plain, ye English dogs!" Meanwhile the ten pirates that were wounded
+were dressed, and plastered up.
+
+Here was a wood, and on each side a mountain. The Indians possessed
+themselves of one, and the pirates of the other. Captain Morgan was
+persuaded the Spaniards had placed an ambuscade there, it lying so
+conveniently; hereupon, he sent two hundred men to search it. The
+Spaniards and Indians perceiving the pirates descended the mountain, did
+so too, as if they designed to attack them; but being got into the wood,
+out of sight of the pirates, they were seen no more, leaving the passage
+open.
+
+About night fell a great rain, which caused the pirates to march the
+faster, and seek for houses to preserve their arms from being wet; but
+the Indians had set fire to every one, and driven away all their cattle,
+that the pirates, finding neither houses nor victuals, might be
+constrained to return: but, after diligent search, they found a few
+shepherds' huts, but in them nothing to eat. These not holding many
+men, they placed in them, out of every company, a small number, who kept
+the arms of the rest: those who remained in the open field endured much
+hardship that night, the rain not ceasing till morning.
+
+Next morning, about the break of day, being the ninth of that tedious
+journey, Captain Morgan marched on while the fresh air of the morning
+lasted; for the clouds hanging yet over their heads, were much more
+favorable than the scorching rays of the sun, the way being now more
+difficult than before. After two hours' march, they discovered about
+twenty Spaniards, who observed their motions: they endeavored to catch
+some of them, but could not, they suddenly disappearing, and absconding
+themselves in caves among the rocks unknown to the pirates. At last,
+ascending a high mountain, they discovered the South Sea. This happy
+sight, as if it were the end of their labors, caused infinite joy among
+them: hence they could descry also one ship, and six boats, which were
+set forth from Panama, and sailed towards the islands of Tavoga and
+Tavogilla: then they came to a vale where they found much cattle,
+whereof they killed good store: here, while some killed and flayed cows,
+horses, bulls, and chiefly asses, of which there were most; others
+kindled fires, and got wood to roast them: then cutting the flesh into
+convenient pieces, or gobbets, they threw them into the fire, and, half
+carbonadoed or roasted, they devoured them, with incredible haste and
+appetite. Such was their hunger, that they more resembled cannibals than
+Europeans; the blood many times running down from their beards to their
+waists.
+
+Having satisfied their hunger, Captain Morgan ordered them to continue
+the march. Here, again, he sent before the main body fifty men to take
+some prisoners, if they could; for he was much concerned, that in nine
+days he could not meet one person to inform him of the condition and
+forces of the Spaniards. About evening they discovered about two hundred
+Spaniards, who hallooed to the pirates, but they understood not what
+they said. A little while after they came in sight of the highest
+steeple of Panama: this they no sooner discovered but they showed signs
+of extreme joy, casting up their hats into the air, leaping and
+shouting, just as if they had already obtained the victory, and
+accomplished their designs. All their trumpets sounded, and drums beat,
+in token of this alacrity of their minds. Thus they pitched their camp
+for that night, with general content of the whole army, waiting with
+impatience for the morning, when they intended to attack the city. This
+evening appeared fifty horses, who came out of the city, on the noise of
+the drums and trumpets, to observe, as it was thought, their motions:
+they came almost within musket-shot of the army, with a trumpet that
+sounded marvelously well. Those on horseback hallooed aloud to the
+pirates, and threatened them, saying, "Perros! nos veremos," that is,
+"Ye dogs! we shall meet ye." Having made this menace, they returned to
+the city, except only seven or eight horsemen, who hovered thereabouts
+to watch their motions. Immediately after the city fired, and ceased not
+to play their biggest guns all night long against the camp, but with
+little or no harm to the pirates, whom they could not easily reach. Now
+also the two hundred Spaniards, whom the pirates had seen in the
+afternoon, appeared again, making a show of blocking up the passages,
+that no pirates might escape their hands: but the pirates, though in a
+manner besieged, instead of fearing their blockades, as soon as they had
+placed sentinels about their camp, opened their satchels, and, without
+any napkins or plates, fell to eating, very heartily, the pieces of
+bulls' and horses' flesh which they had reserved since noon. This done,
+they laid themselves down to sleep on the grass, with great repose and
+satisfaction, expecting only, with impatience, the dawning of the next
+day.
+
+The tenth day, betimes in the morning, they put all their men in order,
+and, with drums and trumpets sounding, marched directly towards the
+city; but one of the guides desired Captain Morgan not to take the
+common highway, lest they should find in it many ambuscades. He took his
+advice, and chose another way through the wood, though very irksome and
+difficult. The Spaniards perceiving the pirates had taken another way
+they scarce had thought on, were compelled to leave their stops and
+batteries, and come out to meet them. The governor of Panama put his
+forces in order, consisting of two squadrons, four regiments of foot,
+and a huge number of wild bulls, which were driven by a great number of
+Indians, with some negroes, and others, to help them.
+
+The pirates, now upon their march, came to the top of a little hill,
+whence they had a large prospect of the city and champaign country
+underneath. Here they discovered the forces of the people of Panama, in
+battle array, to be so numerous, that they were surprised with fear,
+much doubting the fortune of the day: yea, few or none there were but
+wished themselves at home, or at least free from obligation of that
+engagement, it so nearly concerning their lives. Having been some time
+wavering in their minds, they at last reflected on the straits they had
+brought themselves into, and that now they must either fight resolutely,
+or die; for no quarter could be expected from an enemy on whom they had
+committed so many cruelties. Hereupon they encouraged one another,
+resolving to conquer, or spend the last drop of blood. Then they divided
+themselves into three battalions, sending before two hundred buccaneers,
+who were very dextrous at their guns. Then descending the hill, they
+marched directly towards the Spaniards, who in a spacious field waited
+for their coming. As soon as they drew nigh, the Spaniards began to
+shout and cry, "Viva el rey!" "God save the king!" and immediately their
+horse moved against the pirates: but the fields being full of quags, and
+soft under-foot, they could not wheel about as they desired. The two
+hundred buccaneers, who went before, each putting one knee to the
+ground, began to battle briskly, with a full volley of shot: the
+Spaniards defended themselves courageously, doing all they could to
+disorder the pirates. Their foot endeavored to second the horse, but
+were forced by the fire of the pirates to retreat. Finding themselves
+baffled, they attempted to drive the bulls against them behind, to put
+them into disorder; but the wild cattle ran away, frighted with the
+noise of the battle. Only some few broke through the English companies,
+and only tore the colors in pieces, while the buccaneers shot every one
+of them dead.
+
+The battle having continued two hours, the greatest part of the Spanish
+horse was ruined, and almost all killed: the rest fled, which the foot
+seeing, and that they could not possibly prevail, they discharged the
+shot they had in their muskets, and throwing them down, fled away, every
+one as he could. The pirates could not follow them, being too much
+harassed and wearied with their long journey. Many, not being able to
+fly whither they desired, hid themselves, for that present, among the
+shrubs of the sea-side, but very unfortunately; for most of them being
+found by the pirates, were instantly killed, without any quarter. Some
+religious men were brought prisoners before Captain Morgan; but he,
+being deaf to their cries, commanded them all to be pistoled, which was
+done. Soon after they brought a captain to him, whom he examined very
+strictly; particularly, wherein consisted the forces of those of Panama?
+He answered, their whole strength consisted in four hundred horse,
+twenty-four companies of foot, each one hundred men complete; sixty
+Indians, and some negroes, who were to drive two thousand wild bulls
+upon the English, and thus, by breaking their files, put them into a
+total disorder: beside, that in the city they had made trenches, and
+raised batteries in several places, in all which they had placed many
+guns; and that at the entry of the highway, leading to the city, they
+had built a fort mounted with eight great brass guns, defended by fifty
+men.
+
+Captain Morgan having heard this, gave orders instantly to march another
+way; but first he made a review of his men, whereof he found both killed
+and wounded a considerable number, and much greater than had been
+believed. Of the Spaniards were found six hundred dead on the place,
+besides the wounded and prisoners. The pirates, nothing discouraged,
+seeing their number so diminished, but rather filled with greater pride,
+perceiving what huge advantage they had obtained against their enemies,
+having rested some time, prepared to march courageously towards the
+city, plighting their oaths to one another, that they would fight till
+not a man was left alive. With this courage they recommenced their
+march, either to conquer or be conquered; carrying with them all the
+prisoners.
+
+They found much difficulty in their approach to the city, for within the
+town the Spaniards had placed many great guns, at several quarters, some
+charged with small pieces of iron, and others with musket bullets. With
+all these they saluted the pirates at their approaching, and gave them
+full and frequent broadsides, firing at them incessantly; so that
+unavoidably they lost at every step great numbers of men. But not these
+manifest dangers of their lives, nor the sight of so many as dropped
+continually at their sides, could deter them from advancing, and gaining
+ground every moment on the enemy; and though the Spaniards never ceased
+to fire, and act the best they could for their defense, yet they were
+forced to yield, after three hours' combat. And the pirates having
+possessed themselves at last of the city, killed all that attempted in
+the least to oppose them. The inhabitants had transported the best of
+their goods to more remote and secret places; howbeit, they found in the
+city several warehouses well stocked with merchandise, as well silks and
+cloths, as linen and other things of value. As soon as the first fury of
+their entrance was over, Captain Morgan assembled his men, and commanded
+them, under great penalties, not to drink or taste any wine; and the
+reason he gave for it was, because he had intelligence that it was all
+poisoned by the Spaniards. Howbeit, it was thought he gave these prudent
+orders to prevent the debauchery of his people, which he foresaw would
+be very great at the first, after so much hunger sustained by the way;
+fearing, withal, lest the Spaniards, seeing them in wine, should rally,
+and, falling on the city, use them as inhumanly as they had used the
+inhabitants before.
+
+Captain Morgan, as soon as he had placed necessary guards at several
+quarters within and without the city, commanded twenty-five men to seize
+a great boat, which had stuck in the mud of the port, for want of water,
+at a low tide. The same day about noon, he caused fire privately to be
+set to several great edifices of the city, nobody knowing who were the
+authors thereof, much less on what motives Captain Morgan did it, which
+are unknown to this day: the fire increased so, that before night the
+greatest part of the city was in a flame. Captain Morgan pretended the
+Spaniards had done it, perceiving that his own people reflected on him
+for that action. Many of the Spaniards, and some of the pirates, did
+what they could, either to quench the flames or by blowing up houses
+with gunpowder, and pulling down others to stop it, but in vain: for in
+less than half an hour it consumed a whole street. All the houses of the
+city were built with cedar, very curious and magnificent, and richly
+adorned, especially with hangings and paintings, whereof part were
+before removed, but another great part were consumed by fire.
+
+There were in this city (which is the see of a bishop) eight
+monasteries, seven for men, and one for women; two stately churches, and
+one hospital. The churches and monasteries were all richly adorned with
+altar-pieces and paintings, much gold and silver, and other precious
+things, all which the ecclesiastics had hidden. Besides which, here were
+two thousand houses of magnificent building, the greatest part inhabited
+by merchants vastly rich. For the rest of less quality, and tradesmen,
+this city contained five thousand more. Here were also many stables for
+the horses and mules that carry the plate of the king of Spain, as well
+as private men, towards the North Sea. The neighboring fields were full
+of fertile plantations and pleasant gardens, affording delicious
+prospects to the inhabitants all the year.
+
+The Genoese had in this city a stately house for their trade of negroes.
+This likewise was by Captain Morgan burnt to the very ground. Besides
+which building, there were consumed two hundred warehouses, and many
+slaves, who had hid themselves therein, with innumerable sacks of meal;
+the fire of which continued four weeks after it had begun. The greatest
+part of the pirates still encamped without the city, fearing and
+expecting the Spaniards would come and fight them anew, it being known
+they much outnumbered the pirates. This made them keep the field, to
+preserve their forces united, now much diminished by their losses. Their
+wounded, which were many, they put into one church, which remained
+standing, the rest being consumed by the fire. Besides these decreases
+of his men, Captain Morgan had sent a convoy of one hundred and fifty
+men to the castle of Chagre, to carry the news of his victory at Panama.
+
+They saw often whole troops of Spaniards run to and fro in the fields,
+which made them suspect their rallying, which they never had the courage
+to do. In the afternoon Captain Morgan reentered the city with his
+troops, that every one might take up their lodgings, which now they
+could hardly find, few houses having escaped the fire. Then they sought
+very carefully among the ruins and ashes, for utensils of plate or gold,
+that were not quite wasted by the flames: and of such they found no
+small number, especially in wells and cisterns, where the Spaniards had
+hid them.
+
+Next day Captain Morgan dispatched away two troops, of one hundred and
+fifty men each, stout and well armed, to seek for the inhabitants who
+were escaped. These having made several excursions up and down the
+fields, woods, and mountains adjacent, returned after two days, bringing
+above two hundred prisoners, men, women, and slaves. The same day
+returned also the boat which Captain Morgan had sent to the South Sea,
+bringing three other boats which they had taken. But all these prizes
+they could willingly have given, and greater labor into the bargain, for
+one galleon, which miraculously escaped, richly laden with all the
+king's plate, jewels, and other precious goods of the best and richest
+merchants of Panama: on board which were also the religious women of the
+nunnery, who had embarked with them all the ornaments of their church,
+consisting in much gold, plate, and other things of great value.
+
+The strength of this galleon was inconsiderable, having only seven guns,
+and ten or twelve muskets, and very ill provided with victuals,
+necessaries, and fresh water, having no more sails than the uppermost of
+the mainmast. This account the pirates received from some one who had
+spoken with seven mariners belonging to the galleon, who came ashore in
+the cockboat for fresh water. Hence they concluded they might easily
+have taken it, had they given her chase, as they should have done; but
+they were impeded from following this vastly rich prize, by their
+gluttony and drunkenness, having plentifully debauched themselves with
+several rich wines they found ready, choosing rather to satiate their
+appetites than to lay hold on such huge advantage; since this one prize
+would have been of far greater value than all they got at Panama, and
+the places thereabout. Next day, repenting of their negligence, being
+weary of their vices and debaucheries, they set forth another boat, well
+armed, to pursue with all speed the said galleon; but in vain, the
+Spaniards who were on board having had intelligence of their own danger
+one or two days before, while the pirates were cruising so near them;
+whereupon they fled to places more remote and unknown.
+
+The pirates found, in the ports of the island of Tavoga and Tavogilla,
+several boats laden with very good merchandise; all which they took, and
+brought to Panama, where they made an exact relation of all that had
+passed to Captain Morgan. The prisoners confirmed what the pirates said,
+adding, that they undoubtedly knew where the galleon might then be, but
+that it was very probable they had been relieved before now from other
+places. This stirred up Captain Morgan anew, to send forth all the boats
+in the port of Panama to seek the said galleon till they could find her.
+These boats, being in all four, after eight days' cruising to and fro,
+and searching several ports and creeks, lost all hopes of finding her,
+whereupon they returned to Tavoga and Tavogilla. Here they found a
+reasonable good ship newly come from Payta, laden with cloth, soap,
+sugar, and biscuit, with 20,000 pieces-of-eight. This they instantly
+seized, without the least resistance; as also a boat which was not far
+off, on which they laded great part of the merchandises from the ship,
+with some slaves. With this spoil they returned to Panama, somewhat
+better satisfied; yet, withal, much discontented that they could not
+meet with the galleon.
+
+The convoy which Captain Morgan had sent to the castle of Chagre
+returned much about the same time, bringing with them very good news;
+for while Captain Morgan was on his journey to Panama, those he had left
+in the castle of Chagre had sent for two boats to cruise. These met with
+a Spanish ship, which they chased within sight of the castle. This being
+perceived by the pirates in the castle, they put forth Spanish colors,
+to deceive the ship that fled before the boats; and the poor Spaniards,
+thinking to take refuge under the castle, were caught in a snare, and
+made prisoners. The cargo on board the said vessel consisted in victuals
+and provisions, than which nothing could be more opportune for the
+castle, where they began already to want things of this kind.
+
+This good luck of those of Chagre caused Captain Morgan to stay longer
+at Panama, ordering several new excursions into the country round about;
+and while the pirates at Panama were upon these expeditions, those at
+Chagre were busy in piracies on the North Sea. Captain Morgan sent
+forth, daily, parties of two hundred men, to make inroads into all the
+country round about; and when one party came back, another went forth,
+who soon gathered much riches, and many prisoners. These being brought
+into the city, were put to the most exquisite tortures, to make them
+confess both other people's goods and their own. Here it happened that
+one poor wretch was found in the house of a person of quality, who had
+put on, amidst the confusion, a pair of taffety breeches of his
+master's, with a little silver key hanging out; perceiving which, they
+asked him for the cabinet of the said key. His answer was, he knew not
+what was become of it, but that finding those breeches in his master's
+house, he had made bold to wear them. Not being able to get any other
+answer, they put him on the rack, and inhumanly disjointed his arms;
+then they twisted a cord about his forehead, which they wrung so hard
+that his eyes appeared as big as eggs, and were ready to fall out. But
+with these torments not obtaining any positive answer, they hung him up
+by the wrists, giving him many blows and stripes under that intolerable
+pain and posture of body. Afterwards they cut off his nose and ears, and
+singed his face with burning straw, till he could not speak, nor lament
+his misery any longer: then, losing all hopes of any confession, they
+bade a negro to run him through, which put an end to his life, and to
+their inhuman tortures. Thus did many others of those miserable
+prisoners finish their days, the common sport and recreation of these
+pirates being such tragedies.
+
+Captain Morgan having now been at Panama full three weeks, commanded all
+things to be prepared for his departure. He ordered every company of men
+to seek so many beasts of carriage as might convey the spoil to the
+river where his canoes lay. About this time there was a great rumor,
+that a considerable number of pirates intended to leave Captain Morgan;
+and that, taking a ship then in port, they determined to go and rob on
+the South Sea, till they had got as much as they thought fit, and then
+return homewards, by way of the East Indies. For which purpose they had
+gathered much provisions, which they had hid in private places, with
+sufficient powder, bullets, and all other ammunition: likewise some
+great guns belonging to the town, muskets, and other things, wherewith
+they designed not only to equip their vessel, but to fortify themselves
+in some island which might serve them for a place of refuge.
+
+This design had certainly taken effect, had not Captain Morgan had
+timely advice of it from one of their comrades; hereupon he commanded
+the mainmast of the said ship to be cut down and burnt, with all the
+other boats in the port: hereby the intentions of all or most of his
+companions were totally frustrated. Then Captain Morgan sent many of the
+Spaniards into the adjoining fields and country to seek for money, to
+ransom not only themselves, but the rest of the prisoners, as likewise
+the ecclesiastics. Moreover, he commanded all the artillery of the town
+to be nailed and stopped up. At the same time he sent out a strong
+company of men to seek for the governor of Panama, of whom intelligence
+was brought, that he had laid several ambuscades in the way by which he
+ought to return: but they returned soon after, saying they had not found
+any sign of any such ambuscades. For confirmation whereof, they brought
+some prisoners, who declared that the said governor had had an intention
+of making some opposition by the way, but that the men designed to
+effect it were unwilling to undertake it: so that for want of means he
+could not put his design in execution.
+
+February 24, 1671, Captain Morgan departed from Panama, or rather from
+the place where the city of Panama stood; of the spoils whereof he
+carried with him one hundred and seventy-five beasts of carriage, laden
+with silver, gold, and other precious things, beside about six hundred
+prisoners, men, women, children and slaves. That day they came to a
+river that passes through a delicious plain, a league from Panama: here
+Captain Morgan put all his forces into good order, so as that the
+prisoners were in the middle, surrounded on all sides with pirates,
+where nothing else was to be heard but lamentations, cries, shrieks, and
+doleful sighs of so many women and children, who feared Captain Morgan
+designed to transport them all into his own country for slaves. Besides,
+all those miserable prisoners endured extreme hunger and thirst at that
+time, which misery Captain Morgan designedly caused them to sustain, to
+excite them to seek for money to ransom themselves, according to the tax
+he had set upon every one. Many of the women begged Captain Morgan, on
+their knees, with infinite sighs and tears, to let them return to
+Panama, there to live with their dear husbands and children in little
+huts of straw, which they would erect, seeing they had no houses till
+the rebuilding of the city. But his answer was, "He came not thither to
+hear lamentations and cries, but to seek money: therefore they ought
+first to seek out that, wherever it was to be had, and bring it to him;
+otherwise he would assuredly transport them all to such places whither
+they cared not to go."
+
+Next day, when the march began, those lamentable cries and shrieks were
+renewed, so as it would have caused compassion in the hardest heart: but
+Captain Morgan, as a man little given to mercy, was not moved in the
+least. They marched in the same order as before, one party of the
+pirates in the van, the prisoners in the middle, and the rest of the
+pirates in the rear; by whom the miserable Spaniards were at every step
+punched and thrust in their backs and sides, with the blunt ends of
+their arms, to make them march faster.
+
+A beautiful lady, wife to one of the richest merchants of Tavoga, was
+led prisoner by herself, between two pirates. Her lamentations pierced
+the skies, seeing herself carried away into captivity often crying to
+the pirates, and telling them, "That she had given orders to two
+religious persons, in whom she had relied, to go to a certain place, and
+fetch so much money as her ransom did amount to; that they had promised
+faithfully to do it, but having obtained the money, instead of bringing
+it to her, they had employed it another way, to ransom some of their
+own, and particular friends." This ill action of theirs was discovered
+by a slave, who brought a letter to the said lady. Her complaints, and
+the cause thereof, being brought to Captain Morgan, he thought fit to
+inquire thereinto. Having found it to be true--especially hearing it
+confirmed by the confession of the said religious men, though under some
+frivolous excuses of having diverted the money but for a day or two, in
+which time they expected more sums to repay it--he gave liberty to the
+said lady, whom otherwise he designed to transport to Jamaica. But he
+detained the said religious men as prisoners in her place, using them
+according to their desserts.
+
+Captain Morgan arriving at the town called Cruz, on the banks of the
+river Chagre, he published an order among the prisoners, that within
+three days every one should bring in their ransom, under the penalty of
+being transported to Jamaica. Meanwhile he gave orders for so much rice
+and maize to be collected thereabouts, as was necessary for victualing
+his ships. Here some of the prisoners were ransomed, but many others
+could not bring in their money. Hereupon he continued his voyage,
+leaving the village on the 5th of March following, carrying with him all
+the spoil he could. Hence he likewise led away some new prisoners,
+inhabitants there, with those in Panama, who had not paid their ransoms.
+But the two religious men, who had diverted the lady's money, were
+ransomed three days after by other persons, who had more compassion for
+them than they had showed for her.
+
+About the middle of the way to Chagre, Captain Morgan commanded them to
+be mustered, and caused every one to be sworn, that they had concealed
+nothing, even not to the value of sixpence. This done, Captain Morgan
+knowing those lewd fellows would not stick to swear falsely for
+interest, he commanded every one to be searched very strictly, both in
+their clothes and satchels, and elsewhere. Yea, that this order might
+not be ill taken by his companions, he permitted himself to be searched,
+even to his very shoes. To this effect, by common consent, one was
+assigned out of every company to be searchers of the rest. The French
+pirates that assisted on this expedition disliked this new practice of
+searching; but, being outnumbered by the English, they were forced to
+submit as well as the rest. The search being over, they reembarked, and
+arrived at the castle of Chagre on the 9th of March.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[2] From _The Buccaneers of America_.
+
+
+
+
+THE MALAY PROAS[3]
+
+JAMES FENIMORE COOPER
+
+
+We had cleared the Straits of Sunda early in the morning, and had made a
+pretty fair run in the course of the day, though most of the time in
+thick weather. Just as the sun set, however, the horizon became clear,
+and we got a sight of two small sail, seemingly heading in toward the
+coast of Sumatra, proas by their rig and dimensions. They were so
+distant, and were so evidently steering for the land, that no one gave
+them much thought, or bestowed on them any particular attention. Proas
+in that quarter were usually distrusted by ships, it is true; but the
+sea is full of them, and far more are innocent than are guilty of any
+acts of violence. Then it became dark soon after these craft were seen,
+and night shut them in. An hour after the sun had set, the wind fell to
+a light air, that just kept steerage-way on the ship. Fortunately, the
+_John_ was not only fast, but she minded her helm, as a light-footed
+girl turns in a lively dance. I never was in a better-steering ship,
+most especially in moderate weather.
+
+Mr. Marble had the middle watch that night, and, of course, I was on
+deck from midnight until four in the morning. It proved misty most of
+the watch, and for quite an hour we had a light drizzling rain. The ship
+the whole time was close-hauled, carrying royals. As everybody seemed to
+have made up his mind to a quiet night, one without any reefing or
+furling, most of the watch were sleeping about the decks, or wherever
+they could get good quarters, and be least in the way. I do not know
+what kept me awake, for lads of my age are apt to get all the sleep they
+can; but I believe I was thinking of Clawbonny, and Grace, and Lucy; for
+the latter, excellent girl as she was, often crossed my mind in those
+days of youth and comparative innocence. Awake I was, and walking in the
+weather-gangway, in a sailor's trot. Mr. Marble, he I do believe was
+fairly snoozing on the hen-coops, being, like the sails, as one might
+say, barely "asleep." At that moment I heard a noise, one familiar to
+seamen; that of an oar falling in a boat. So completely was my mind bent
+on other and distant scenes, that at first I felt no surprise, as if we
+were in a harbor surrounded by craft of various sizes, coming and going
+at all hours. But a second thought destroyed this illusion, and I looked
+eagerly about me. Directly on our weather-bow, distant, perhaps, a
+cable's length, I saw a small sail, and I could distinguish it
+sufficiently well to perceive it was a proa. I sang out "Sail ho! and
+close aboard!"
+
+Mr. Marble was on his feet in an instant. He afterward told me that when
+he opened his eyes, for he admitted this much to me in confidence, they
+fell directly on the stranger. He was too much of a seaman to require a
+second look in order to ascertain what was to be done. "Keep the ship
+away--keep her broad off!" he called out to the man at the wheel. "Lay
+the yards square--call all hands, one of you. Captain Robbins, Mr. Kite,
+bear a hand up; the bloody proas are aboard us!" The last part of this
+call was uttered in a loud voice, with the speaker's head down the
+companion-way. It was heard plainly enough below, but scarcely at all on
+deck.
+
+In the meantime everybody was in motion. It is amazing how soon sailors
+are wide awake when there is really anything to do! It appeared to me
+that all our people mustered on deck in less than a minute, most of them
+with nothing on but their shirts and trousers. The ship was nearly
+before the wind by the time I heard the captain's voice; and then Mr.
+Kite came bustling in among us forward, ordering most of the men to lay
+aft to the braces, remaining himself on the forecastle, and keeping me
+with him to let go the sheets. On the forecastle, the strange sail was
+no longer visible, being now abaft the beam; but I could hear Mr. Marble
+swearing there were two of them, and that they must be the very chaps we
+had seen to leeward, and standing in for the land at sunset. I also
+heard the captain calling out to the steward to bring him a powder-horn.
+Immediately after, orders were given to let fly all our sheets forward,
+and then I perceived that they were wearing ship. Nothing saved us but
+the prompt order of Mr. Marble to keep the ship away, by which means,
+instead of moving toward the proas, we instantly began to move from
+them. Although they went three feet to our two, this gave us a moment of
+breathing time.
+
+As our sheets were all flying forward, and remained so for a few
+minutes, it gave me leisure to look about. I soon saw both proas, and
+glad enough was I to perceive that they had not approached materially
+nearer. Mr. Kite observed this also, and remarked that our movements had
+been so prompt as to "take the rascals aback." He meant they did not
+exactly know what we were at, and had not kept away with us.
+
+At this instant, the captain and five or six of the oldest seamen began
+to cast loose all our starboard, or weather guns, four in all, and
+sixes. We had loaded these guns in the Straits of Banca, with grape and
+canister, in readiness for just such pirates as were now coming down
+upon us; and nothing was wanting but the priming and a hot loggerhead.
+It seems two of the last had been ordered in the fire, when we saw the
+proas at sunset; and they were now in excellent condition for service,
+live coals being kept around them all night by command. I saw a cluster
+of men busy with the second gun from forward, and could distinguish the
+captain pointing to it.
+
+"There cannot well be any mistake, Mr. Marble?" the captain observed,
+hesitating whether to fire or not.
+
+"Mistake, sir? Lord, Captain Robbins, you might cannonade any of the
+islands astern for a week, and never hurt an honest man. Let 'em have
+it, sir; I'll answer for it, you do good."
+
+This settled the matter. The loggerhead was applied, and one of our
+sixes spoke out in a smart report. A breathless stillness succeeded. The
+proas did not alter their course, but neared us fast. The captain
+levelled his night-glass, and I heard him tell Kite, in a low voice,
+that they were full of men. The word was now passed to clear away all
+the guns, and to open the arm-chest, to come at the muskets and pistols.
+I heard the rattling of the boarding-pikes, too, as they were cut adrift
+from the spanker-boom, and fell upon the decks. All this sounded very
+ominous, and I began to think we should have a desperate engagement
+first, and then have all our throats cut afterward.
+
+I expected now to hear the guns discharged in quick succession, but they
+were got ready only, not fired. Kite went aft, and returned with three
+or four muskets, and as many pikes. He gave the latter to those of the
+people who had nothing to do with the guns. By this time the ship was
+on a wind, steering a good full, while the two proas were just abeam,
+and closing fast. The stillness that reigned on both sides was like that
+of death. The proas, however, fell a little more astern; the result of
+their own man[oe]uvering, out of all doubt, as they moved through the
+water much faster than the ship, seeming desirous of dropping into our
+wake, with a design of closing under our stern, and avoiding our
+broadside. As this would never do, and the wind freshened so as to give
+us four or five knot way, a most fortunate circumstance for us, the
+captain determined to tack while he had room. The _John_ behaved
+beautifully, and came round like a top. The proas saw there was no time
+to lose, and attempted to close before we could fill again; and this
+they would have done with ninety-nine ships in a hundred. The captain
+knew his vessel, however, and did not let her lose her way, making
+everything draw again as it might be by instinct. The proas tacked, too,
+and, laying up much nearer to the wind than we did, appeared as if about
+to close on our lee-bow. The question was, now, whether we could pass
+them or not before they got near enough to grapple. If the pirates got
+on board us, we were hopelessly gone; and everything depended on
+coolness and judgment. The captain behaved perfectly well in this
+critical instant, commanding a dead silence, and the closest attention
+to his orders.
+
+I was too much interested at this moment to feel the concern that I
+might otherwise have experienced. On the forecastle, it appeared to us
+all that we should be boarded in a minute, for one of the proas was
+actually within a hundred feet, though losing her advantage a little by
+getting under the lee of our sails. Kite had ordered us to muster
+forward of the rigging, to meet the expected leap with a discharge of
+muskets, and then to present our pikes, when I felt an arm thrown around
+my body, and was turned inboard, while another person assumed my place.
+This was Neb, who had thus coolly thrust himself before me, in order to
+meet the danger first. I felt vexed, even while touched with the
+fellow's attachment and self-devotion, but had no time to betray either
+feeling before the crews of the proas gave a yell, and discharged some
+fifty or sixty matchlocks at us. The air was full of bullets, but they
+all went over our heads. Not a soul on board the _John_ was hurt. On our
+side, we gave the gentlemen the four sixes, two at the nearest and two
+at the stern-most proa, which was still near a cable's length distant.
+As often happens, the one seemingly farthest from danger, fared the
+worst. Our grape and canister had room to scatter, and I can at this
+distant day still hear the shrieks that arose from that craft! They were
+like the yells of fiends in anguish. The effect on that proa was
+instantaneous; instead of keeping on after her consort, she wore short
+round on her heel, and stood away in our wake, on the other tack,
+apparently to get out of the range of our fire.
+
+I doubt if we touched a man in the nearest proa. At any rate, no noise
+proceeded from her, and she came up under our bows fast. As every gun
+was discharged, and there was not time to load them, all now depended on
+repelling the boarders. Part of our people mustered in the waist, where
+it was expected the proa would fall alongside, and part on the
+forecastle. Just as this distribution was made, the pirates cast their
+grapnel. It was admirably thrown, but caught only by a ratlin. I saw
+this, and was about to jump into the rigging to try what I could do to
+clear it, when Neb again went ahead of me, and cut the ratlin with his
+knife. This was just as the pirates had abandoned sails and oars, and
+had risen to haul up alongside. So sudden was the release, that twenty
+of them fell over by their own efforts. In this state the ship passed
+ahead, all her canvas being full, leaving the proa motionless in her
+wake. In passing, however, the two vessels were so near, that those aft
+in the _John_ distinctly saw the swarthy faces of their enemies.
+
+We were no sooner clear of the proas than the order was given, "Ready
+about!" The helm was put down, and the ship came into the wind in a
+minute. As we came square with the two proas, all our larboard guns were
+given to them, and this ended the affair. I think the nearest of the
+rascals got it this time, for away she went, after her consort, both
+running off toward the islands. We made a little show of chasing, but it
+was only a feint; for we were too glad to get away from them, to be in
+earnest. In ten minutes after we tacked the last time, we ceased firing,
+having thrown some eight or ten round-shot after the proas, and were
+close-hauled again, heading to the southwest.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[3] From _Afloat and Ashore_.
+
+
+
+
+THE WONDERFUL FIGHT OF THE _EXCHANGE_ OF BRISTOL WITH THE PIRATES OF
+ALGIERS[4]
+
+SAMUEL PURCHAS
+
+
+In the yeere 1621, the first of November, there was one _Iohn Rawlins_,
+borne in _Rochester_, and dwelling three and twenty yeere in _Plimmoth_,
+imployed to the Strait of _Gibraltar_, by Master _Richard_, and _Steven
+Treviles_, Merchants of Plimmoth, and fraighted in a Barke, called the
+_Nicholas_ of _Plimmoth_, of the burden of forty Tun, which had also in
+her company another ship of _Plimmoth_, called the _George Benaventure_
+of seventy Tun burthen, or thereabouts; which by reason of her
+greatnesse beyond the other, I will name the _Admirall_; and _Iohn
+Rawlins_ Barke shall, if you please, be the _Vice-admirall_. These two
+according to the time of the yeere, had a faire passage, and by the
+eighteenth of the same moneth came to a place at the entring of the
+straits, named _Trafflegar_: but the next morning, being in the sight of
+_Gibraltar_, at the very mouth of the straits, the watch descried five
+saile of ships, who as it seemed, used all the means they could to come
+neere us, and we as we had cause, used the same means to go as farre
+from them: yet did their _Admirall_ take in both his top sailes, that
+either we might not suspect them, or that his owne company might come up
+the closer together. At last perceiving us _Christians_, they fell from
+devices to apparent discovery of hostility, and making out against us:
+we againe suspecting them Pirats, tooke our course to escape from them,
+and made all the sailes we possibly could for _Tirriff_, or _Gibraltar_:
+but all we could doe, could not prevent their approach. For suddenly one
+of them came right over against us to wind-ward, and so fell upon our
+quarter: another came upon our luffe, and so threatened us there, and at
+last all five chased us, making great speed to surprise us.
+
+Their _Admirall_ was called _Callfater_, having upon her maine
+top-saile, two top-gallant sailes, one above another. But whereas we
+thought them all five to be _Turkish_ ships of war, we afterwards
+understood, that two of them were their prizes, the one a smal ship of
+_London_, the other of the West-countrey, that came out of the
+_Quactath_ laden with figges, and other Merchandise, but now subiect to
+the fortune of the Sea, and the captivity of Pirats. But to our
+businesse. Three of these ships got much upon us, and so much that ere
+halfe the day was spent, the _Admirall_ who was the best sailer, fetcht
+up the _George Bonaventure_, and made booty of it. The _Vice-Admirall_
+againe being neerest unto the lesser Barke, whereof _Iohn Rawlins_ was
+Master, shewed him the force of a stronger arme, and by his _Turkish_
+name, called _Villa-Rise_, commanded him in like sort to strike his
+sailes, and submit to his mercy, which not to be gaine-saied nor
+prevented, was quickly done: and so _Rawlins_ with his Barke was quickly
+taken, although the _Reare-Admirall_ being the worst sayler of the
+three, called _Reggiprise_, came not in, till all was done.
+
+The same day before night, the _Admirall_ either loth to pester himselfe
+with too much company, or ignorant of the commodity that was to be made
+by the sale of _English_ prisoners, or daring not to trust them in his
+company, for feare of mutinies, and exciting others to rebellion; set
+twelve persons who were in the _George Bonaventure_ on the land, and
+divers other _English_, whom he had taken before, to trie their fortunes
+in an unknowne Countrey. But _Villa-Rise_, the _Vice-Admirall_ that had
+taken _Iohn Rawlins_, would not so dispence with his men, but commanded
+him and five more of his company to be brought aboord his ship, leaving
+in his Barke three men and his boy, with thirteene _Turkes_ and
+_Moores_, who were questionlesse sufficient to over-master the other,
+and direct the Barke to Harbour. Thus they sailed directly for _Algier_;
+but the night following, followed them with great tempest and foule
+weather, which ended not without some effect of a storme: for they lost
+the sight of _Rawlins_ Barke, called the _Nicholas_, and in a manner
+lost themselves, though they seemed safe a shipboord, by fearefull
+coniecturing what should become of us: at last, by the two and twentieth
+of the same moneth, they, or we (chuse you whether) arrived at _Algier_,
+and came in safety within the Mould, but found not our other Barke
+there; nay, though we earnestly inquired after the same, yet heard we
+nothing to our satisfaction; but much matter was ministred to our
+discomfort and amazement. For although the Captaine and our over-seers,
+were loth we should have any conference with our Country-men; yet did we
+adventure to informe ourselves of the present affaires, both of the
+Towne, and the shipping: so that finding many _English_ at worke in
+other ships, they spared not to tell us the danger we were in, and the
+mischiefes we must needs incurre, as being sure if we were not used like
+slaves, to be sold as slaves; for there had beene five hundred brought
+into the market for the same purpose, and above a hundred hansome youths
+compelled to turne _Turkes_, or made subiect to more viler prostitution,
+and all _English_: yet like good _Christians_, they bade us be of good
+cheere, and comfort ourselves in this, that Gods trials were gentle
+purgations, and these crosses were but to cleanse the drosse from the
+gold, and bring us out of the fire againe more cleare and lovely. Yet I
+must needs confesse, that they afforded us reason for this cruelty, as
+if they determined to be revenged of our last attempt to fire their
+ships in the Mould, and therefore protested to spare none whom they
+could surprise and take alive; but either to sell them for money, or
+torment them to serve their owne turnes. Now their customes and usages
+in both these was in this manner.
+
+First, concerning the first. The _Bashaw_ had the over-seeing of all
+prisoners, who were presented unto him at their first comming into the
+harbour, and to choose one out of every eight for a present or fee to
+himselfe: the rest were rated by the Captaines, and so sent to the
+Market to be sold; whereat if either there were repining, or any drawing
+backe, then certaine _Moores_ and Officers attended either to beate you
+forward, or thrust you into the sides with Goades; and this was the
+manner of the selling of Slaves.
+
+Secondly, concerning their enforcing them, either to turne _Turke_, or
+to attend their filthines and impieties, although it would make a
+Christians heart bleed to heare of the same, yet must the truth not be
+hid, nor the terror left untold. They commonly lay them on their naked
+backs or bellies, beating them so long, till they bleed at the nose and
+mouth; and if yet they continue constant, then they strike the teeth out
+of their heads, pinch them by their tongues, and use many other sorts of
+tortures to convert them; nay, many times they lay them their whole
+length in the ground like a grave, and so cover them with boords,
+threatening to starve them, if they will not turne; and so many even for
+feare of torment and death, make their tongues betray their hearts to a
+most fearefull wickednesse, and so are circumcised with new names, and
+brought to confesse a new Religion. Others againe, I must confesse, who
+never knew any God, but their own sensuall lusts and pleasures, thought
+that any religion would serve their turnes, and so for preferment or
+wealth very voluntarily renounced their faith, and became _Renegadoes_
+in despight of any counsell which seemed to intercept them: and this was
+the first newes wee encountred with at our comming first to _Algier_.
+
+The 26. of the same moneth, _Iohn Rawlins_ his Barke, with his other
+three men and a boy, came safe into the Mould, and so were put all
+together to be carried before the _Bashaw_, but that they tooke the
+Owners servant, and _Rawlins_ Boy, and by force and torment compelled
+them to turne _Turkes_: then were they in all seven _English_, besides
+_Iohn Rawlins_, of whom the _Bashaw_ tooke one, and sent the rest to
+their Captaines, who set a valuation upon them, and so the Souldiers
+hurried us like dogs into the Market, whereas men sell Hacknies in
+_England_. We were tossed up and downe to see who would give most for
+us; and although we had heavy hearts, and looked with sad countenances,
+yet many came to behold us, sometimes taking us by the hand, sometimes
+turning us round about, sometimes feeling our brawnes and naked armes,
+and so beholding our prices written on our breasts, they bargained for
+us accordingly, and at last we were all sold, and the Souldiers
+returned with the money to their Captaines.
+
+_Iohn Rawlins_ was the last who was sold, by reason of his lame hand,
+and bought by the Captaine that tooke him, even that dog _Villa Rise_,
+who better informing himselfe of his skill fit to be a Pilot, and his
+experience to bee an over-seer, bought him and his Carpenter at very
+easie rates. For as we afterwards understood by divers _English
+Renegadoes_, he paid for _Rawlins_ but one hundred and fiftie Dooblets,
+which make of _English_ money seven pound ten shilling. Thus was he and
+his Carpenter with divers other slaves sent into his ship to worke, and
+imployed about such affaires, as belonged to the well rigging and
+preparing the same. But the villanous _Turkes_ perceiving his lame hand,
+and that he could not performe so much as other Slaves, quickly
+complained to their Patron, who as quickly apprehended the
+inconvenience; whereupon hee sent for him the next day, and told him he
+was unserviceable for his present purpose, and therefore unlesse he
+could procure fifteene pound of the _English_ there for his ransome, he
+would send him up into the Countrey, where he should never see
+_Christendome_ againe, and endure the extremity of a miserable
+banishment.
+
+But see how God worketh all for the best for his servants, and
+confounded the presumption of Tyrants, frustrating their purposes, to
+make his wonders knowne to the sonnes of men, and releeves his people,
+when they least thinke of succour and releasement. Whilest _Iohn
+Rawlins_ was thus terrified with the dogged answere of _Villa Rise_, the
+_Exchange_ of _Bristow_,[5] a ship formerly surprised by the Pirats, lay
+all unrigged in the Harbour, till at last one _Iohn Goodale_, an
+_English Turke_, with his confederates, understanding shee was a good
+sailer, and might be made a proper Man of Warre, bought her from the
+_Turkes_ that tooke her, and prepared her for their owne purpose. Now
+the _Captaine_ that set them at worke, was also an _English Renegado_,
+by the name of _Rammetham Rise_, but by his Christian name _Henrie
+Chandler_, who resolved to make _Goodale_ Master over her; and because
+they were both _English Turkes_, having the command notwithstanding of
+many _Turkes_ and _Moores_, they concluded to have all _English_ slaves
+to goe in her, and for their Gunners, _English_ and _Dutch Renegadoes_,
+and so they agreed with the Patrons of nine _English_ and one _French_
+Slave for their ransoms, who were presently imployed to rig and furnish
+the ship for a Man of Warre, and while they were thus busied, two of
+_Iohn Rawlins_ men, who were taken with him, were also taken up to serve
+in this Man of Warre, their names, _Iames Roe_, and _Iohn Davies_, the
+one dwelling in _Plimmoth_, and the other in _Foy_, where the Commander
+of this ship was also borne, by which occasion they came acquainted, so
+that both the Captaine, and the Master promised them good usage, upon
+the good service they should performe in the voyage, and withall
+demanded of them, if they knew of any _Englishman_ to be bought, that
+could serve as a Pilot, both to direct them out of Harbour, and conduct
+them in their voyage. For in truth neither was the Captaine a Mariner,
+nor any _Turke_ in her of sufficiency to dispose of her through the
+Straites in securitie, nor oppose any enemie, that should hold it out
+bravely against them. _Davies_ quickly replied, that as farre as he
+understood, _Villa Rise_ would sell _Iohn Rawlins_ his Master, and
+Commander of the Barke which was taken, a man every way sufficient for
+Sea affaires, being of great resolution and good experience; and for all
+he had a lame hand, yet had he a sound heart and noble courage for any
+attempt or adventure.
+
+When the Captaine understood thus much, he imployed _Davies_ to search
+for Rawlins, who at last lighting upon him, asked him if the _Turke_
+would sell him: _Rawlins_ suddenly answered, that by reason of his lame
+hand he was willing to part with him; but because he had disbursed money
+for him, he would gaine something by him, and so prized him at three
+hundred Dooblets, which amounteth to fifteene pound _English_; which he
+must procure, or incurre sorer indurances. When _Davies_ had certified
+this much, the _Turkes_ a ship-boord conferred about the matter, and the
+Master whose Christen name was _Iohn Goodale_ joyned with two _Turkes_,
+who were consorted with him, and disbursed one hundred Dooblets a
+piece, and so bought him of _Villa Rise_, sending him into the said
+ship, called the _Exchange_ of _Bristow_, as well to supervise what had
+been done, as to order what was left undone, but especially to fit the
+sailes, and to accommodate the ship, all which _Rawlins_ was very
+carefull and dilligent in, not yet thinking of any peculiar plot of
+deliverance, more than a generall desire to be freed from this _Turkish_
+slaverie, and inhumane abuses.
+
+By the seventh of Januarie, the ship was prepared with twelve good cast
+Pieces, and all manner of munition and provision, which belonged to such
+a purpose, and the same day haled out of the Mould of _Algier_, with
+this company, and in this manner.
+
+There were in her sixtie three _Turkes_ and _Moores_, nine _English_
+slaves, and one _French_, foure _Hollanders_ that were free men, to whom
+the _Turkes_ promised one prise or other, and so to returne to Holland;
+or if they were disposed to goe backe againe for _Algier_, they should
+have great reward and no enforcement offered, but continue as they
+would, both their religion and their customes: and for their Gunners
+they had two of our Souldiers, one _English_ and one _Dutch_ Renegado;
+and thus much for the companie. For the manner of setting out, it was as
+usuall as in other ships, but that the _Turkes_ delighted in the
+ostentous braverie of their Streamers, Banners, and Top-sayles; the ship
+being a handsome ship, and well built for any purpose. The Slaves and
+_English_ were imployed under Hatches about the Ordnance, and other
+workes of order, and accommodating themselves: all which _Iohn Rawlins_
+marked, as supposing it an intolerable slaverie to take such paines, and
+be subiect to such dangers, and still to enrich other men and maintaine
+their voluptuous filthinesse and lives, returning _themselves_ as
+Slaves, and living worse than their Dogs amongst them. Whereupon hee
+burst out into these, or the like abrupt speeches: "Oh Hellish slaverie
+to be thus subiect to Dogs! Oh, God strengthen my heart and hand, that
+something shall be done to ease us of these mischiefs, and deliver us
+from these cruell _Mahumetan_ Dogs." The other Slaves pittying his
+distraction (as they thought) bad him speake softly, lest they should
+all fare the worse for his distemperature. "The worse (quoth _Rawlins_)
+what can be worse? I will either attempt my deliverance at one time, or
+another, or perish in the enterprise: but if you would be contented to
+hearken after a release, and joyne with me in the action, I would not
+doubt of facilitating the same, and shew you a way to make your credits
+thrive by some worke of amazement, and augment your glorie in purchasing
+your libertie." "I prethee be quiet (said they againe) and think not of
+impossibilities: yet if you can but open such a doore of reason and
+probabilitie, that we be not condemned for desperate and distracted
+persons, in pulling the Sunne as it were out of the Firmament, wee can
+but sacrifice our lives, and you may be sure of secrecie and
+faithfulnesse."
+
+The fifteenth of Januarie, the morning water brought us neere _Cape de
+Gatt_, hard by the shoare, we having in our companie a smal _Turkish_
+ship of Warre, that followed us out of _Algier_ the next day, and now
+ioyning with us, gave us notice of seven small vessels, sixe of them
+being _Sallees_, and one _Pollack_, who very quickly appeared in sight,
+and so we made toward them: but having more advantage of the _Pollack_,
+then the rest, and loth to lose all, we both fetcht her up, and brought
+her past hope of recoverie, which when she perceived, rather then she
+would voluntarily come into the slaverie of these _Mahumetans_, she ran
+her selfe a shoare, and so all the men forsooke her. We still followed
+as neere as we durst, and for feare of splitting, let fall our anchors,
+sending out both our boates, wherein were many Musketeers, and some
+_English_ and _Dutch_ Renegadoes, who came aboord home at their _Conge_,
+and found three pieces of Ordnance, and foure Murtherers: but they
+straightway threw them all over-boord to lighten the ship, and so they
+got her off, being laden with Hides, and Logwood for dying, and
+presently sent her to _Algier_, taking nine _Turkes_, and one _English_
+Slave, out of one ship, and six out of the lesse, which we thought
+sufficient to man her.
+
+In the rifling of this _Catelaynia_, our _Turkes_ fell at variance one
+with another, and in such a manner, that we divided our selves, the
+lesser ship returned to _Algier_, and our _Exchange_ tooke the
+opportunitie of the wind, and plyed out of the Streights, which
+reioyced _Iohn Rawlins_ very much, as resolving on some Stratageme, when
+opportunities should serve. In the meane-while, the _Turkes_ began to
+murmurre, and would not willingly goe into the _Marr Granada_, as the
+phrase is amongst them: notwithstanding the _Moores_ being very
+_superstitious_, were contented to be directed by their _Hoshea_, who
+with us, signifieth a Witch, and is of great account and reputation
+amongst them, as not going in any great Vessell to Sea without one, and
+observing whatsoever he concludeth out of his Divination. The Ceremonies
+they use are many, and when they come into the Ocean, every second or
+third night they make their Conjuration; it beginneth and endeth with
+Prayer, using many Characters, and calling upon God by divers names: yet
+at this time, all that they did consisted in these particulars.
+
+Upon the sight of two great ships, and as wee were afraid of their
+chasing us, they beeing supposed to bee _Spanish_ men of Warre, a great
+silence is commanded in the ship, and when all is done, the company
+giveth as great a skreech; the Captaine comming to _John Rawlins_, and
+sometimes making him take in all his sayles, and sometimes causing him
+to hoyst them all out, as the Witch findeth by his Booke, and presages;
+then have they two Arrowes, and a Curtleaxe, lying upon a Pillow naked;
+the Arrowes are one for the Turkes, and the other for the Christians;
+then the Witch readeth, and the Captaine or some other taketh the
+Arrowes in their hand by the heads, and if the Arrow for the Christians
+commeth over the head of the Arrow for the _Turkes_, then doe they
+advance their sayles, and will not endure the fight, whatsoever they
+see: but if the Arrow of the _Turkes_ is found in the opening of the
+hand upon the Arrow of the Christians, then will they stay and encounter
+with any shippe whatsoever. The Curtleaxe is taken up by some Childe,
+that is innocent, or rather ignorant of the Ceremonie, and so layd downe
+againe; then doe they observe, whether the same side is uppermost, which
+lay before, and so proceed accordingly.
+
+They also observe Lunatickes and Changelings, and the Coniurer writeth
+downe their Sayings in a Booke, groveling on the ground, as if he
+whispered to the Devil to tell him the truth, and so expoundeth the
+Letter, as it were by inspiration. Many other foolish Rites they have,
+whereupon they doe dote as foolishly.
+
+Whilest he was busied, and made demonstration that all was finished, the
+people in the ship gave a great shout, and cryed out, "a sayle, a
+sayle," which at last was discovered to bee another man of Warre of
+_Turkes_. For he made toward us, and sent his Boat aboord us, to whom
+our Captain complained, that being becalmed by the Southerne Cape, and
+having made no Voyage, the _Turkes_ denyed to goe any further Northward:
+but the Captaine resolved not to returne to _Algier_, except he could
+obtayne some Prize worthy his endurances, but rather to goe to _Salle_,
+and tell his Christians to victuall his ship; which the other Captaine
+apprehended for his honour, and so perswaded the _Turkes_ to be obedient
+unto him; whereupon followed a pacification amongst us, and so that
+_Turke_ tooke his course for the Streights, and wee put up Northward,
+expecting the good houre of some beneficiall bootie.
+
+All this while our slavery continued, and the _Turkes_ with insulting
+tyrannie set us still on worke in all base and servile actions, adding
+stripes and inhumane revilings, even in our greatest labour, whereupon
+_Iohn Rawlins_ resolved to obtane his libertie, and surprize the ship;
+providing Ropes with broad spikes of Iron, and all the Iron Crowes, with
+which hee knew a way, upon consent of the rest, to ramme up or tye fast
+their Scuttels, Gratings, and Cabbins, yea, to shut up the Captaine
+himselfe with all his consorts, and so to handle the matter, that upon
+the watch-word given, the _English_ being Masters of the Gunner roome,
+Ordnance, and Powder, they would eyther blow them into the Ayre, or kill
+them as they adventured to come downe one by one, if they should by any
+chance open their Cabbins. But because hee would proceed the better in
+his enterprise, as he had somewhat abruptly discovered himselfe to the
+nine _English_ slaves, so he kept the same distance with the foure
+_Hollanders_, that were free men, till finding them comming somewhat
+toward them, he acquainted them with the whole Conspiracie, and they
+affecting the Plot, offered the adventure of their lives in the
+businesse. Then very warily he undermined the _English_ Renegado, which
+was the Gunner, and three more his Associats, who at first seemed to
+retract. Last of all were brought in the _Dutch_ Renegadoes, who were
+also in the Gunner roome, for alwayes there lay twelve there, five
+Christians, and seven _English_, and _Dutch Turkes_: so that when
+another motion had settled their resolutions, and _Iohn Rawlins_ his
+constancie had put new life as it were in the matter, the foure
+_Hollanders_ very honestly, according to their promise, sounded the
+_Dutch_ Renegadoes, who with easie perswasion gave their consent to so
+brave an Enterprize; whereupon _Iohn Rawlins_, not caring whether the
+_English_ Gunners would yeeld or no, resolved in the Captaines morning
+watch, to make the attempt. But you must understand that where the
+_English_ slaves lay, there hung up alwayes foure or five Crowes of
+Iron, being still under the carriages of the Peeces, and when the time
+approached being very darke, because _Iohn Rawlins_ would have his Crow
+of Iron ready as other things were, and other men prepared in their
+severall places, in taking it out of the carriage, by chance, it hit on
+the side of the Peece, making such a noyse, that the Souldiers hearing
+it awaked the _Turkes_, and bade them come downe: whereupon the Botesane
+of the _Turkes_ descended with a Candle, and presently searched all the
+slaves places, making much adoe of the matter, but finding neyther
+Hatchet nor Hammer, nor any thing else to move suspicion of the
+Enterprize, more then the Crow of Iron, which lay slipped downe under
+the carriages of the Peeces, they went quietly up againe, and certified
+the Captaine what had chanced, who satisfied himselfe, that it was a
+common thing to have a Crow of Iron slip from its place. But by this
+occasion wee made stay of our attempt, yet were resolved to take another
+or a better oportunitie.
+
+For we sayled still more North-ward, and _Rawlins_ had more time to
+tamper with his Gunners, and the rest of the _English_ Renegadoes, who
+very willingly, when they considered the matter, and perpended the
+reasons, gave way unto the Proiect, and with a kind of joy seemed to
+entertayne the motives: only they made a stop at the first on-set, who
+should begin the enterprize, which was no way fit for them to doe,
+because they were no slaves, but Renegadoes, and so had always
+beneficiall entertaynment amongst them. But when it is once put in
+practice, they would be sure not to faile them, but venture their lives
+for God and their Countrey. But once againe he is disappointed, and a
+suspitious accident brought him to recollect his spirits anew, and
+studie on the danger of the enterprize, and thus it was. After the
+Renegado Gunner, had protested secrecie by all that might induce a man
+to bestow some beliefe upon him, he presently went up the Scottle, but
+stayed not aloft a quarter of an houre; nay he came sooner down, & in
+the Gunner roome sate by _Rawlins_, who tarryed for him where he left
+him: he was no sooner placed, and entred into some conference, but there
+entred into the place a furious _Turke_, with his Knife drawne, and
+presented it to _Rawlins_ his body, who verily supposed, he intended to
+kill him, as suspitious that the Gunner had discovered something,
+whereat _Rawlins_ was much moved, and hastily asked what the matter
+meant, and whether he would kill him, observing his companion's
+countenance to change colour, whereby his suspitious heart, condemned
+him for a Traytor: but at more leisure he sware the contrary, and
+afterward proved faithfull and industrious in the enterprize. For the
+present, he answered _Rawlins_ in this manner, "no Master, be not
+afraid, I thinke hee doth but _iest_." With that _John Rawlins_ gave
+backe a little and drew out his Knife, stepping also to the Gunners
+sheath and taking out his, whereby he had two Knives to one, which when
+the _Turke_ perceived, he threw downe his Knife, saying, hee did but
+iest with him. But when the Gunner perceived, _Rawlins_ tooke it so ill,
+hee whispered something in his eare, that at last satisfied him, calling
+Heaven to witnesse, that he never spake word of the Enterprize, nor ever
+would, either to the preiudice of the businesse, or danger of his
+person. Notwithstanding, _Rawlins_ kept the Knives in his sleeve all
+night, and was somewhat troubled, for that hee had made so many
+acquainted with an action of such importance; but the next day, when hee
+perceived the Coast cleere, and that there was no cause of further
+feare, hee somewhat comforted himselfe.
+
+All this while, _Rawlins_ drew the Captaine to lye for the Northerne
+Cape, assuring him, that thereby he should not misse a prize, which
+accordingly fell out, as a wish would have it: but his drift was in
+truth to draw him from any supply, or help of _Turkes_, if God should
+give way to their Enterprize, or successe to the victorie: yet for the
+present the sixth of February, being twelve leagues from the Cape, wee
+descryed a sayle, and presently took the advantage of the wind in
+chasing her, and at last fetched her up, making her strike all her
+sayles, whereby wee knew her to be a Barke belonging to _Tor Bay_, neere
+_Dartmouth_, that came from _Auerure_ laden with Salt. Ere we had fully
+dispatched, it chanced to be foule weather, so that we could not, or at
+least _would not_ make out our Boat, but caused the Master of the Barke
+to let downe his, and come aboord with his Company, being in the Barke
+but nine men, and one Boy; and so the Master leaving his Mate with two
+men in the ship, came himselfe with five men, and the boy unto us,
+whereupon our _Turkish_ Captain sent ten _Turkes_ to man her, amongst
+whom were two _Dutch_, and one English Renegado, who were of our
+confederacie, and acquainted with the businesse.
+
+But when _Rawlins_ saw this partition of his friends; before they could
+hoyst out their Boat for the Barke, he made meanes to speake with them,
+and told them plainly, that he would prosecute the matter eyther that
+night, or the next and therefore whatsoever came of it they should
+acquaint the _English_ with his resolution, and make toward _England_,
+bearing up the helme, whiles the _Turkes_ slept, and suspected no such
+matter: for by Gods grace in his first watch about mid-night, he would
+shew them a light, by which they might understand, that the Enterprize
+was begunne, or at least in a good forwardnesse for the execution: and
+so the Boat was let downe, and they came to the Barke of _Tor Bay_,
+where the Masters Mate beeing left (as before you have heard)
+apprehended quickly the matter, and heard the Discourse with amazement.
+But time was precious, and not to be spent in disputing, or casting of
+doubts, whether the _Turkes_ that were with them were able to master
+them, or no, beeing seven to sixe, considering they had the helme of the
+ship, and the _Turkes_ being Souldiers, and ignorant of Sea Affaires,
+could not discover, whether they went to _Algier_ or no; or if they did,
+they resolved by _Rawlins_ example to cut their throats, or cast them
+over-boord: and so I leave them to make use of the Renegadoes
+instructions, and returne to _Rawlins_ againe.
+
+The Master of the Barke of _Tor Bay_, and his Company were quickly
+searched, and as quickly pillaged, and dismissed to the libertie of the
+shippe, whereby _Rawlins_ had leisure to entertayne him with the
+lamentable newes of their extremities, and in a word, of every
+particular which was befitting to the purpose: yea, he told him, that
+that night he should lose the sight of them, for they would make the
+helme for _England_ and hee would that night and evermore pray for their
+good successe, and safe deliverance.
+
+When the Master of the Barke of _Tor Bay_ had heard him out, and that
+his company were partakers of his Storie, they became all silent, not
+eyther diffident of his Discourse, or afraid of the attempt, but
+resolved to assist him. Yet to shew himselfe an understanding man, hee
+demanded of _Rawlins_, what weapons he had, and in what manner he would
+execute the businesse: to which he answered, that he had Ropes, and Iron
+Hookes to make fast the Scottels, Gratings, and Cabbines, he had also in
+the Gunner roome two Curtleaxes, and the slaves had five Crowes of Iron
+before them: Besides, in the scuffling they made no question of some of
+the Souldiers weapons. Then for the manner, hee told them, they were
+sure of the Ordnance, the Gunner roome, and the Powder, and so blocking
+them up, would eyther kill them as they came downe, or turne the
+Ordnance against their Cabbins, or blow them into the Ayre by one
+Strategeme or other; and thus were they contented on all sides, and
+resolved to the Enterprize.
+
+The next morning, being the seventh of February, the Prize of _Tor Bay_
+was not to bee seene or found, whereat the Captaine began to storme and
+sweare, commanding _Rawlins_ to search the Seas up and downe for her,
+who bestowed all that day in the businesse, but to little purpose:
+whereupon when the humour was spent, the Captaine pacified himselfe, as
+conceiting he should sure find her at _Algier_: but by the permission of
+the Ruler of all actions, that _Algier_ was England, and all his
+wickednesse frustrated: for _Rawlins_ beeing now startled, lest hee
+should returne in this humour for the Streights, on the eight of
+February went downe into the hold, and finding a great deale of water
+below, told the Captaine of the same, adding, that it did not come to
+the Pumpe, which he said very politickly, that he might remove the
+Ordnance. For when the Captaine askt him the reason, he told him the
+ship was too farre after the head: then hee commanded to use the best
+meanes he could to bring her in order: "sure then," quoth _Rawlins_,
+"wee must quit our Cables, and bring foure Peeces of Ordnance after, and
+that would bring the water to the Pumpe;" which was presently put in
+practice, so the Peeces beeing usually made fast thwart the ship, we
+brought two of them with their mouthes right before the Binnacle, and
+because the Renegadoe _Flemmings_ would not begin, it was thus
+concluded: that the ship having three Deckes, wee that did belong to the
+Gunner roome should bee all there, and breake up the lower Decke. The
+_English_ slaves, who always lay in the middle Decks, should doe the
+like, and watch the Scuttels: _Rawlins_ himselfe prevayled with the
+Gunner, for so much Powder, as should prime the Peeces, and so told them
+all there was no better watch-word, nor meanes to begin, then upon the
+report of the Peece to make a cry and shout, for God, and King _Iames_,
+and Saint _George_ for _England_!
+
+When all things were prepared, and every man resolved, as knowing what
+hee had to doe, and the houre when it should happen, to be two in the
+afternoone, _Rawlins_ advised the Master Gunner to speake to the
+Captaine, that the Souldiers might attend on the Poope, which would
+bring the ship after: to which the Captaine was very willing, and upon
+the Gunners information, the Souldiers gat themselves to the Poope, to
+the number of twentie, and five or sixe went into the Captaines Cabbin,
+where always lay divers Curtleaxes, and some Targets, and so wee fell to
+worke to pumpe the water, and carryed the matter fairely till the next
+day, which was spent as the former, being the ninth of February, and as
+God must have the prayse, the triumph of our victorie.
+
+For by that time all things were prepared, and the Souldiers got upon
+the Poope as the day before: to avoid suspition, all that did belong to
+the Gunner-roome went downe, and the slaves in the middle decke attended
+their business, so that we could cast up our account in this manner.
+First, nine _English_ slaves, besides _Iohn Rawlins_: five of the _Tor
+Bay_ men, and one boy, foure _English_ Renegadoes, and two _French_,
+foure _Hollanders_: in all four and twenty and a boy: so that lifting up
+our hearts and hands to God for the successe of the businesse, we were
+wonderfully incouraged; and setled our selves, till the report of the
+peece gave us warning of the enterprise. Now, you must consider, that in
+this company were two of _Rawlins_ men, _Iames Roe_, and _Iohn Davies_,
+whom he brought out of _England_, and whom the fortune of the Sea
+brought into the same predicament with their Master. These were imployed
+about noone (being as I said, the ninth of February) to prepare their
+matches, while all the _Turkes_ or at least most of them stood on the
+Poope, to weigh down the ship as it were, to bring the water forward to
+the Pumpe: the one brought his match lighted betweene two spoons, the
+other brought his in a little peece of a Can: and so in the name of God,
+the _Turkes_ and _Moores_ being placed as you have heard, and five and
+forty in number, and _Rawlins_ having proined the Tuch-holes, _Iames
+Roe_ gave fire to one of the peeces, about two of the clocke in the
+afternoone, and the confederates upon the warning, shouted most
+cheerefully: the report of the peece did teare and breake down all the
+Binnacle, and compasses, and the noise of the slaves made all the
+Souldiers amased at the matter, till seeing the quarter of the ship
+rent, and feeling the whole body to shake under them: understanding the
+ship was surprised, and the attempt tended to their utter destruction,
+never Beare robbed of her whelpes was so fell and mad: For they not
+onely cald us dogs, and cried out, _Usance de Lamair_, which is as much
+to say, the Fortune of the wars: but attempted to teare up the planckes,
+setting a worke hammers, hatchets, knives, the oares of the Boate, the
+Boat-hooke, their curtleaxes, and what else came to hand, besides stones
+and brickes in the Cooke-roome, all which they threw amongst us,
+attempting still and still to breake and rip up the hatches, and boords
+of the steering, not desisting from their former execrations, and
+horrible blasphemies and revilings.
+
+When _Iohn Rawlins_ perceived them so violent, and understood how the
+slaves had cleared the deckes of all the _Turkes_ and _Moores_ beneath,
+he set a guard upon the Powder, and charged their owne Muskets against
+them, killing them from divers scout-holes, both before and behind, and
+so lessened their number, to the ioy of all our hearts, whereupon they
+cried out, and called for the Pilot, and so _Rawlins_, with some to
+guard him, went to them, and understood them by their kneeling, that
+they cried for mercy, and to have their lives saved, and they would come
+downe, which he bade them doe, and so they were taken one by one, and
+bound, yea killed with their owne Curtleaxes; which when the rest
+perceived, they called us _English_ dogs, and reviled us with many
+opprobrious termes, some leaping over-boord, crying, it was the chance
+of war; some were manacled, and so throwne over-boord, and some were
+slaine and mangled with the Curtleaxes, till the ship was well cleared,
+and our selves assured of the victory.
+
+At the first report of our Peece, and hurliburly in the decks, the
+Captaine was a writing in his Cabbin, and hearing the noyse, thought it
+some strange accident, and so came out with his Curtleaxe in his hand,
+presuming by his authority to pacifie the mischiefe: But when hee cast
+his eyes upon us, and saw that we were like to surprise the ship, he
+threw downe his Curtleaxe, and begged us to save his life, intimating
+unto _Rawlins_, how he had redeemed him from _Villa-Rise_, and ever
+since admitted him to place of command in the ship, besides honest usage
+in the whole course of the Voyage. All which _Rawlins_ confessed, and at
+last condescended to mercy, and brought the Captaine and five more into
+_England_. The Captain was called _Ramtham-Rise_, but his Christen name,
+_Henry Chandler_, and as they say, was a Chandler's sonne in Southwarke.
+_Iohn Goodale_, was also an _English Turke_. _Richard Clarke_, in
+_Turkish_, _Iafar_; _George Cooke_, _Ramdam_; _Iohn Browne_, _Mamme_;
+_William Winter_, _Mustapha_; besides all the slaves and _Hollanders_,
+with other Renegadoes, who were willing to be reconciled to their true
+Saviour, as being formerly seduced with the hopes of riches, honour,
+preferment, and such like devillish baits, to catch the soules of
+mortall men, and entangle frailty in the fetters of horrible abuses, and
+imposturing deceit.
+
+When all was done, and the ship cleared of the dead bodies, _Iohn
+Rawlins_ assembled his men together, and with one consent gave the
+praise unto God, using the accustomed service on ship-boord, and for
+want of bookes lifted up their voyces to God, as he put into their
+hearts, or renewed their memories: then did they sing a Psalme, and last
+of all, embraced one another for playing the men in such a Deliverance,
+whereby our feare was turned into joy, and trembling hearts
+exhillirated, that we had escaped such inevitable dangers, and
+especially the slavery and terror of bondage, worse than death it selfe.
+The same night we washed our ship, put every thing in as good order as
+we could, repaired the broken quarter, set up the Binnacle, and bore up
+the Helme for _England_, where by Gods grace and good guiding, we
+arrived at _Plimmoth_, the thirteenth of February, and were welcommed
+like the recovery of the lost sheepe, or as you read of a loving mother,
+that runneth with embraces to entertaine her sonne from a long Voyage
+and escape of many dangers.
+
+Not long after we understood of our confederats, that returned home in
+the Barke of _Torbay_, that they arrived in _Pensance_ in _Corne-wall_
+the eleventh of February: and if any aske after their deliverance,
+considering there were ten _Turkes_ sent to man her, I will tell you
+that too: the next day after they lost us, as you have heard and that
+the three Renegadoes had acquainted the Masters Mate, and the two
+_English_ in her with _Rawlins_ determination, and that they themselves
+would be true to them, and assist them in any enterprise: then if the
+worst came, there were but seven to sixe: but as it fell out, they had a
+more easie passage, then turmoile, or man-slaughter. For they made the
+_Turkes_ beleeve, the wind was come faire, and that they were sayling to
+_Algier_, till they came within sight of _England_, which one of them
+amongst the rest discovered, saying plainely, that that land was not
+like _Cape Vincent_; "yes faith," said he, that was at the Helme, "and
+you will be contented, and goe downe into the hold, and trim the salt
+over to wind-ward, whereby the ship may beare full saile, you shall know
+and see more to morrow": Whereupon five of them went downe very orderly,
+the Renegadoes faining themselves asleep, who presently start up, and
+with the helpe of the two _English_, nailed downe the hatches, whereat
+the principall amongst them much repined, and began to grow into choller
+and rage, had it not quickly beene suppressed. For one of them stepped
+to him, and dasht out his braines, and threw him over-boord: the rest
+were brought to _Excester_, and either to be arraigned, according to the
+punishment of delinquents in such a kind, or disposed of, as the King
+and Counsell shall thinke meet and this is the story of this
+deliverance, and end of _Iohn Rawlins_ Voyage. The Actors in this Comick
+Tragedie are most of them alive; The _Turkes_ are in prison; the ship is
+to be seene, and _Rawlins_ himselfe dare justifie the matter.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[4] From _Purchas, His Pilgrims_.
+
+[5] Bristol.
+
+
+
+
+THE DAUGHTER OF THE GREAT MOGUL[6]
+
+DANIEL DEFOE
+
+
+In this time I pursued my voyage, coasted the whole Malabar shore, and
+met with no purchase but a great Portugal East India ship, which I
+chased into Goa, where she got out of my reach. I took several small
+vessels and barks, but little of value in them, till I entered the great
+Bay of Bengal, when I began to look about me with more expectation of
+success, though without prospect of what happened.
+
+I cruised here about two months, finding nothing worth while; so I stood
+away to a port on the north point of the isle of Sumatra, where I made
+no stay; for here I got news that two large ships belonging to the Great
+Mogul were expected to cross the bay from Hoogly, in the Ganges, to the
+country of the King of Pegu, being to carry the granddaughter of the
+Great Mogul to Pegu, who was to be married to the king of that country,
+with all her retinue, jewels, and wealth.
+
+This was a booty worth watching for, though it had been some months
+longer; so I resolved that we would go and cruise off Point Negaris, on
+the east side of the bay, near Diamond Isle; and here we plied off and
+on for three weeks, and began to despair of success; but the knowledge
+of the booty we expected spurred us on, and we waited with great
+patience, for we knew the prize would be immensely rich.
+
+At length we spied three ships coming right up to us with the wind. We
+could easily see they were not Europeans by their sails, and began to
+prepare ourselves for a prize, not for a fight; but were a little
+disappointed when we found the first ship full of guns and full of
+soldiers, and in condition, had she been managed by English sailors, to
+have fought two such ships as ours were. However, we resolved to attack
+her if she had been full of devils as she was full of men.
+
+Accordingly, when we came near them, we fired a gun with shot as a
+challenge. They fired again immediately three or four guns, but fired
+them so confusedly that we could easily see they did not understand
+their business; when we considered how to lay them on board, and so to
+come thwart them, if we could; but falling, for want of wind, open to
+them, we gave them a fair broadside. We could easily see, by the
+confusion that was on board, that they were frightened out of their
+wits; they fired here a gun and there a gun, and some on that side that
+was from us, as well as those that were next to us. The next thing we
+did was to lay them on board, which we did presently, and then gave
+them a volley of our small shot, which, as they stood so thick, killed a
+great many of them, and made all the rest run down under their hatches,
+crying out like creatures bewitched. In a word, we presently took the
+ship, and having secured her men, we chased the other two. One was
+chiefly filled with women, and the other with lumber. Upon the whole, as
+the granddaughter of the Great Mogul was our prize in the first ship, so
+in the second was her women, or, in a word, her household, her eunuchs,
+all the necessaries of her wardrobe, of her stables, and of her kitchen;
+and in the last, great quantities of household stuff, and things less
+costly, though not less useful.
+
+But the first was the main prize. When my men had entered and mastered
+the ship, one of our lieutenants called for me, and accordingly I jumped
+on board. He told me he thought nobody but I ought to go into the great
+cabin, or, at least, nobody should go there before me; for that the lady
+herself and all her attendance was there, and he feared the men were so
+heated they would murder them all, or do worse.
+
+I immediately went to the great cabin door, taking the lieutenant that
+called me along with me, and caused the cabin door to be opened. But
+such a sight of glory and misery was never seen by buccaneer before. The
+queen (for such she was to have been) was all in gold and silver, but
+frightened and crying, and, at the sight of me, she appeared trembling,
+and just as if she was going to die. She sat on the side of a kind of a
+bed like a couch, with no canopy over it, or any covering; only made to
+lie down upon. She was, in a manner, covered with diamonds, and I, like
+a true pirate, soon let her see that I had more mind to the jewels than
+to the lady.
+
+However, before I touched her, I ordered the lieutenant to place a guard
+at the cabin door, and fastening the door, shut us both in, which he
+did. The lady was young, and, I suppose, in their country esteem, very
+handsome, but she was not very much so in my thoughts. At first, her
+fright, and the danger she thought she was in of being killed, taught
+her to do everything that she thought might interpose between her and
+danger, and that was to take off her jewels as fast as she could, and
+give them to me; and I, without any great compliment, took them as fast
+as she gave them me, and put them into my pocket, taking no great notice
+of them or of her, which frighted her worse than all the rest, and she
+said something which I could not understand. However, two of the other
+ladies came, all crying, and kneeled down to me with their hands lifted
+up. What they meant, I knew not at first; but by their gestures and
+pointings I found at last it was to beg the young queen's life, and that
+I would not kill her.
+
+When the three ladies kneeled down to me, and as soon as I understood
+what it was for, I let them know I would not hurt the queen, nor let
+any one else hurt her, but that she must give me all her jewels and
+money. Upon this they acquainted her that I would save her life; and no
+sooner had they assured her of that but she got up smiling, and went to
+a fine Indian cabinet, and opened a private drawer, from whence she took
+another little thing full of little square drawers and holes. This she
+brings to me in her hand, and offered to kneel down to give it me. This
+innocent usage began to rouse some good-nature in me (though I never had
+much), and I would not let her kneel; but sitting down myself on the
+side of her couch or bed, made a motion to her to sit down too. But here
+she was frightened again, it seems, at what I had no thought of. But as
+I did not offer anything of that kind, only made her sit down by me,
+they began all to be easier after some time, and she gave me the little
+box or casket, I know not what to call it, but it was full of invaluable
+jewels. I have them still in my keeping, and wish they were safe in
+England; for I doubt not but some of them are fit to be placed on the
+king's crown.
+
+Being master of this treasure, I was very willing to be good-humored to
+the persons; so I went out of the cabin, and caused the women to be left
+alone, causing the guard to be kept still, that they might receive no
+more injury than I would do them myself.
+
+After I had been out of the cabin some time, a slave of the women's came
+to me, and made sign to me that the queen would speak with me again. I
+made signs back that I would come and dine with her majesty; and
+accordingly I ordered that her servants should prepare her dinner, and
+carry it in, and then call me. They provided her repast after the usual
+manner, and when she saw it brought in she appeared pleased, and more
+when she saw me come in after it; for she was exceedingly pleased that I
+had caused a guard to keep the rest of my men from her; and she had, it
+seems, been told how rude they had been to some of the women that
+belonged to her.
+
+When I came in, she rose up, and paid me such respect as I did not well
+know how to receive, and not in the least how to return. If she had
+understood English, I could have said plainly, and in good rough words,
+"Madam, be easy; we are rude, rough-hewn fellows, but none of our men
+should hurt you, or touch you; I will be your guard and protection; we
+are for money indeed, and we shall take what you have, but we will do
+you no other harm." But as I could not talk thus to her, I scarce knew
+what to say; but I sat down, and made signs to have her sit down and
+eat, which she did, but with so much ceremony that I did not know well
+what to do with it.
+
+After we had eaten, she rose up again, and drinking some water out of a
+china cup, sat her down on the side of the couch as before. When she saw
+I had done eating, she went then to another cabinet, and pulling out a
+drawer, she brought it to me; it was full of small pieces of gold coin
+of Pegu, about as big as an English half-guinea, and I think there were
+three thousand of them. She opened several other drawers, and showed me
+the wealth that was in them, and then gave me the key of the whole.
+
+We had revelled thus all day, and part of the next day, in a bottomless
+sea of riches, when my lieutenant began to tell me, we must consider
+what to do with our prisoners and the ships, for that there was no
+subsisting in that manner. Upon this we called a short council, and
+concluded to carry the great ship away with us, but to put all the
+prisoners--queen, ladies, and all the rest--into the lesser vessels, and
+let them go; and so far was I from ravishing this lady, as I hear is
+reported of me, that though I might rifle her of everything else, yet, I
+assure you, I let her go untouched for me, or, as I am satisfied, for
+any one of my men; nay, when we dismissed them, we gave her leave to
+take a great many things of value with her, which she would have been
+plundered of if I had not been so careful of her.
+
+We had now wealth enough not only to make us rich, but almost to have
+made a nation rich; and to tell you the truth, considering the costly
+things we took here, which we did not know the value of, and besides
+gold and silver and jewels,--I say, we never knew how rich we were;
+besides which we had a great quantity of bales of goods, as well
+calicoes as wrought silks, which, being for sale, were perhaps as a
+cargo of goods to answer the bills which might be drawn upon them for
+the account of the bride's portion; all which fell into our hands, with
+a great sum in silver coin, too big to talk of among Englishmen,
+especially while I am living, for reasons which I may give you
+hereafter.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[6] From _The King of the Pirates_.
+
+
+
+
+BARBAROSSA--KING OF THE CORSAIRS[7]
+
+E. HAMILTON CURREY, R.N.
+
+
+At the coming of spring Barbarossa was at sea again with thirty-two
+ships ready for any eventuality, his crews aflame with ardor for revenge
+against those by whom they had been so roughly handled. He chose for the
+scene of operations a place on the coast of Majorca some fifteen miles
+from Palma; from here he commanded the route of the Spaniards from their
+country to the African coast, and it was against this nation that he
+felt a great bitterness owing to recent events. Eagerly did the corsair
+and his men watch for the Spanish ships, the heavier vessels lying at
+anchor, but the light, swift galleys ranging and questing afar so that
+none might be missed. Very soon the vigilance of the Moslems was
+rewarded by the capture of a number of vessels, sent by Bernard de
+Mendoza laden with Turkish and Moorish slaves, destined to be utilized
+as rowers in the Spanish galleys. These men were hailed as a welcome
+reinforcement, and joyfully joined the forces of Kheyr-ed-Din when he
+moved on Minorca, captured the castle by a surprise assault, raided the
+surrounding country, and captured five thousand seven hundred
+Christians, amongst whom were eight hundred men who had been wounded in
+the attack on Tunis--all these unfortunates were sent to refill the
+bagnio of Algiers.
+
+This private war of revenge was, however, destined soon to come to an
+end, as Soliman the Magnificent in this year became involved in disputes
+with the Venetian Republic, and recalled "that veritable man of the
+sea," as Barbarossa had been described by Ibrahim, to Constantinople.
+
+In this city by the sea there had taken place a tragedy which, although
+it only involved the death of a single man, was nevertheless
+far-reaching in its consequences; for the man was none other than that
+great statesman Ibrahim, Grand Vizier, and the only trusted counsellor
+of the Padishah. He who had been originally a slave had risen step by
+step in the favor of his master until he arrived at the giddy eminence
+which he occupied at the time of his death. It is a somewhat curious
+commentary on the essentially democratic status of an autocracy that a
+man could thus rise to a position second only to that of the autocrat
+himself; and, in all probability, wielding quite as much power.
+
+Ibrahim had for years been treated by Soliman more as a brother than as
+a dependent, which, in spite of his Grand Viziership, he was in fact.
+They lived in the very closest communion, taking their meals together,
+and even sleeping in the same room, Soliman, a man of high intelligence
+himself, and a ruler who kept in touch with all the happenings which
+arose in his immense dominions, desiring always to have at hand the man
+whom he loved; from whom, with his amazing grip of political problems
+and endless fertility of resource, he was certain of sympathy and sound
+advice. But in an oriental despotism there are other forces at work
+besides those of _la haute politique_, and Ibrahim had one deadly enemy
+who was sworn to compass his destruction. The Sultana Roxalana was the
+light of the harem of the Grand Turk. This supremely beautiful woman,
+originally a Russian slave, was the object of the most passionate
+devotion on the part of Soliman; but she was as ambitious as she was
+lovely, and brooked no rival in the affections of Soliman, be that
+person man, woman, or child. In her hands the master of millions, the
+despot whose nod was death, became a submissive slave; the undisciplined
+passions of this headstrong woman swept aside from her path all those
+whom she suspected of sharing her influence, in no matter how remote a
+fashion. At her dictation had Soliman caused to be murdered his son
+Mustafa, a youth of the brightest promise, because, in his intelligence
+and his winning ways he threatened to eclipse Selim, the son of Roxalana
+herself.
+
+This woman possessed a strong natural intelligence, albeit she was
+totally uneducated; she saw and knew that Ibrahim was all-powerful with
+her lover, and this roused her jealousy to fever-heat. She was not
+possessed of a cool judgment, which would have told her that Ibrahim was
+a statesman dealing with the external affairs of the Sublime Porte, and
+that with her and with her affairs he neither desired, nor had he the
+power, to interfere. What, however, the Sultana did know was that in
+these same affairs of State her opinion was dust in the balance when
+weighed against that of the Grand Vizier.
+
+Soliman had that true attribute of supreme greatness, the unerring
+aptitude for the choice of the right man. He had picked out Ibrahim from
+among his immense entourage, and never once had he regretted his choice.
+As time went on and the intellect and power of the man became more and
+more revealed to his master, that sovereign left in his hands even such
+matters as despots are apt to guard most jealously. We have seen how, in
+spite of the murmurings of the whole of his capital, and the almost
+insubordinate attitude of his navy, he had persevered in the appointment
+of Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa, because the judgment of Ibrahim was in favor
+of its being carried out. This, to Roxalana, was gall and wormwood; well
+she knew that, as long as the Grand Vizier lived, her sovereignty was at
+best but a divided one. There was a point at which her blandishments
+stopped short; this was when she found that her opinion did not coincide
+with that of the minister. She was, as we have seen in the instance of
+her son, not a woman to stick at trifles, and she decided that Ibrahim
+must die.
+
+There could be no hole-and-corner business about this; he must die, and
+when his murder had been accomplished she would boldly avow to her lover
+what she had done and take the consequences, believing in her power over
+him to come scatheless out of the adventure. In those days, when human
+life was so cheap, she might have asked for the death of almost any one,
+and her whim would have been gratified by a lover who had not hesitated
+to put to death his own son at her dictation. But with Ibrahim it was
+another matter; he was the familiar of the Sultan, his _alter ego_ in
+fact. It says much for the nerve of the Sultana that she dared so
+greatly on this memorable and lamentable occasion.
+
+On March 5th, 1536, Ibrahim went to the royal seraglio, and, following
+his ancient custom, was admitted to the table of his master, sleeping
+after the meal at his side. At least so it was supposed, but none knew
+save those engaged in the murder what passed on that fatal night; the
+next day his dead body lay in the house of the Sultan.
+
+Across the floor of jasper, in that palace which was a fitting residence
+for one rightly known as "The Magnificent," the blood of Ibrahim flowed
+to the feet of Roxalana. The disordered clothing, the terrible
+expression of the face of the dead man, the gaping wounds which he had
+received, bore witness that there had taken place a grim struggle
+before that iron frame and splendid intellect had been leveled with the
+dust. This much leaked out afterwards, as such things will leak out, and
+then the Sultana took Soliman into her chamber and gazed up into his
+eyes. The man was stunned by the immensity of the calamity which had
+befallen him and his kingdom, but his manhood availed him not against
+the wiles of this Circe. Ibrahim had been foully done to death in his
+own palace, and this woman clinging so lovingly round his neck now was
+the murderess. The heart's blood of his best friend was coagulating on
+the threshold of his own apartment when he forgave her by whom his
+murder had been accomplished. This was the vengeance of Roxalana, and
+who shall say that it was not complete?
+
+The Ottoman Empire was the poorer by the loss of its greatest man, the
+jealousy of the Sultana was assuaged, the despot who had permitted this
+unavenged murder was still on the throne, thrall to the woman who had
+first murdered his son and then his friend and minister. But the deed
+carried with it the evil consequences which were only too likely to
+occur when so capable a head of the State was removed at so critical a
+time. Renewed strife was in the air, and endless squabbles between
+Venice and the Porte were taking place. With these we have no concern,
+but, in addition to other complaints, there were loud and continuous
+ones concerning the corsairs. Venice, "The Bride of the Sea," had
+neither rest nor peace; the pirates swarmed in Corfu, in Zante, in
+Candia, in Cephalonia, and the plunder and murder of the subjects of the
+Republic was the theme of the perpetual representations to the Sultan.
+The balance of advantage in this guerilla warfare was with the corsairs
+until Girolame Canale, a Venetian captain, seized one of the Moslem
+leaders known as "The Young Moor of Alexandria." The victory of Canale
+was somewhat an important one as he captured the galley of "The Young
+Moor" and four others; two more were sunk, and three hundred Janissaries
+and one thousand slaves fell into the hands of the Venetian commander.
+There being an absence of nice feeling on the part of the Venetians, the
+Janissaries were at once beheaded to a man.
+
+The whole story is an illustration of the extraordinary relations
+existing among the Mediterranean States at this time. Soliman the
+Magnificent, Sultan of Turkey, had lent three hundred of his
+Janissaries, his own picked troops, to assist the corsairs in their
+depredations on Venetian commerce. Having done this, and the Janissaries
+having been caught and summarily and rightly put to death as pirates,
+the Sultan, as soon as he heard of what had occurred, sent an
+ambassador, one Yonis Bey, to Venice to demand satisfaction for the
+insult passed upon him by the beheading of his own soldiers turned
+pirates. The conclusion of the affair was that the Venetians released
+"The Young Moor of Alexandria" as soon as he was cured of the eight
+wounds which he had received in the conflict, and sent him back to
+Africa with such of his galleys as were left. There was one rather
+comical incident in connection with this affair, which was that when
+Yonis Bey was on his way from Constantinople to Venice he was chased by
+a Venetian fleet, under the command of the Count Grandenico, and driven
+ashore. The Count was profuse in his apologies when he discovered that
+he had been chasing a live ambassador; but the occurrence so exasperated
+Soliman that he increased his demands in consequence.
+
+Barbarossa, who had spent his time harrying the Spaniards at sea ever
+since the fall of Tunis, was shortly to appear on the scene again. He
+received orders from the Sultan, and came as fast as a favoring wind
+would bring him. Kheyr-ed-Din had been doing well in the matter of
+slaves and plunder, but he knew that, with the backing of the Grand
+Turk, he would once again be in command of a fleet in which he might
+repeat his triumph of past years, and prove himself once more the
+indispensable "man of the sea."
+
+Soon after his arrival his ambitions were gratified, and he found
+himself with a fleet of one hundred ships. Since the death of Ibrahim,
+and the incident which terminated with the dispatch of Yonis Bey to
+Venice, the relations between the Grand Turk and the Venetian Republic
+had become steadily worse, and at last the Sultan declared war. On May
+17th, 1537, Soliman, accompanied by his two sons, Selim and Mohammed,
+left Constantinople. With the campaign conducted by the Sultan we are
+not concerned here; it was directed against the Ionian Islands, which
+had been in the possession of Venice since 1401. On August 18th Soliman
+laid siege to Corfu, and was disastrously beaten, re-embarking his men
+on September 7th, after losing thousands in a fruitless attack on the
+fortress. He returned to Constantinople utterly discomfited. It was the
+seventh campaign which the Sultan had conducted in person, but the first
+in which the ever-faithful Ibrahim had not been by his side.
+
+This defeat at the hands of the Venetians was not, however, the only
+humiliation which he was destined to experience in this disastrous year;
+for once again Doria, that scourge of the Moslem, was loose upon the
+seas, and was making his presence felt in the immediate neighborhood of
+Corfu, where the Turks had been defeated. On July 17th Andrea had left
+the port of Messina with twenty-five galleys, had captured ten richly
+laden Turkish ships, gutted and burned them. Kheyr-ed-Din was at sea at
+the time, but the great rivals were not destined to meet on this
+occasion. Instead of Barbarossa, Andrea fell in with Ali-Chabelli, the
+lieutenant of Sandjak Bey of Gallipoli. On July 22nd the Genoese admiral
+and the Turkish commander from the Dardanelles met to the southward of
+Corfu, off the small island of Paxo, and a smart action ensued. It
+ended in the defeat of Ali-Chabelli, whose galleys were captured and
+towed by Doria into Paxo. That veteran fighter was himself in the
+thickest of the fray, and, conspicuous in his crimson doublet, had been
+an object of attention to the marksmen of Chabelli during the entire
+action. In spite of the receipt of a severe wound in the knee, the
+admiral refused to go below until victory was assured. He was surrounded
+at this time by a devoted band of nobles sworn to defend the person of
+their admiral or to die in his defense. His portrait has been sketched
+for us at this time by the Dominican Friar, Padre Alberto Guglielmotto,
+author of "La guerra dei Pirati e la marina Pontifica dal 1500 al 1560."
+The description runs thus: "Andrea Doria was of lofty stature, his face
+oval in shape, forehead broad and commanding, his neck was powerful, his
+hair short, his beard long and fan-shaped, his lips were thin, his eyes
+bright and piercing."
+
+Once again had he defeated an officer of the Grand Turk; and it may be
+remarked that Ibrahim was probably quite right in the estimation, or
+rather in the lack of estimation, in which he held the sea-officers of
+his master, as they seem to have been deficient in every quality save
+that of personal valor, and in their encounters with Doria and the
+knights were almost invariably worsted. For the sake of Islam, for the
+prestige of the Moslem arms at sea, it was time that Barbarossa should
+take matters in hand once more.
+
+The autumn of this year 1537 proved that the old Sea-wolf had lost none
+of his cunning, that his followers were as terrible as ever. What did it
+seem to matter that Venetian and Catalan, Genoese and Frenchman,
+Andalusian and the dwellers in the Archipelago, were all banded together
+in league against this common foe? Did not the redoubtable Andrea range
+the seas in vain, and were not all the efforts of the Knights of Saint
+John futile, when the son of the renegado from Mitylene and his
+Christian wife put forth from the Golden Horn? What was the magic of
+this man, it was asked despairingly, that none seemed able to prevail
+against him? Had it not been currently reported that Carlos Quinto, the
+great Emperor, had driven him forth from Tunis a hunted fugitive, broken
+and penniless, with never a galley left, without one ducat in his
+pocket? Was he so different, then, from all the rest of mankind that his
+followers would stick to him in evil report as well as in the height of
+his prosperity? Men swore and women crossed themselves at the mention of
+his name.
+
+"Terrible as an army with banners," indeed, was Kheyr-ed-Din in this
+eventful summer: things had gone badly with the crescent flag, the
+Padishah was unapproachable in his palace, brooding perchance on that
+"might have been" had he not sold his honor and the life of his only
+friend to gratify the malice of a she-devil; those in attendance on the
+Sultan trembled, for the humor of the despot was black indeed.
+
+But "the veritable man of the sea" was in some sort to console him for
+that which he had lost; as never in his own history--and there was none
+else with which it could be compared--had the Corsair King made so
+fruitful a raid. He ravaged the coasts of the Adriatic and the islands
+of the Archipelago, sweeping in slaves by the thousand, and by the end
+of the year he had collected eighteen thousand in the arsenal at
+Stamboul. Great was the jubilation in Constantinople when the
+Admiralissimo himself returned from his last expedition against the
+infidel; stilled were the voices which hinted disaffection--who among
+them all could bring back four hundred thousand pieces of gold? What
+mariner could offer to the Grand Turk such varied and magnificent
+presents?
+
+Upon his arrival Barbarossa asked permission to kiss the threshold of
+the palace of the Sultan, which boon being graciously accorded to him,
+he made his triumphal entry. Two hundred captives clad in scarlet robes
+carried cups of gold and flasks of silver; behind them came thirty
+others, each staggering under an enormous purse of sequins; yet another
+two hundred brought collars of precious stones or bales of the choicest
+goods; and a further two hundred were laden with sacks of small coin.
+Certainly if Soliman the Magnificent had lost a Grand Vizier he had
+succeeded in finding an admiral!
+
+All through the earlier months of 1538 the dockyards of Constantinople
+hummed with a furious activity, for Soliman had decreed that the
+maritime campaign of this year was to begin with no less than one
+hundred and fifty ships. His admiral, however, did not agree with this
+decision; to the Viziers he raged and stormed. "Listen," he said, "O men
+of the land who understand naught of the happenings of the sea. By this
+time Saleh-Reis must have quitted Alexandria convoying to the Bosphorus
+twenty sail filled with the richest merchandise; should he fall in with
+the accursed Genoese, Doria, where then will be Saleh-Reis and his
+galleys and his convoy? I will tell you: the ships in Genoa, the galleys
+burned, Saleh-Reis and all his mariners chained to the rowers' bench."
+
+The Viziers trembled as men did when Barbarossa stormed and turned upon
+them those terrible eyes which knew neither fear nor pity. "We be but
+men," they answered, "and our lord the Sultan has so ordained it."
+
+"I have forty galleys," replied the corsair; "you have forty more. With
+these I will take the sea; but, mark you," he continued, softening
+somewhat, "you do right to fear the displeasure of the Sultan, and I
+also have no wish to encounter it; but vessels raised and equipped in a
+hurry will be of small use to me. In the name of Allah the compassionate
+and his holy Prophet give me my eighty galleys and let me go."
+
+In Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa sound strategical instinct went hand in hand
+with the desperate valor of the corsair. To dally in the Golden Horn
+while so rich a prey was at sea to be picked up by his Christian foes
+was altogether opposed to his instincts: never to throw away a chance in
+the game of life had ever been his guiding principle.
+
+Soliman, great man as he undoubtedly was, had not the adamantine
+hardness of character which enabled his admiral to risk all on the
+hazards of the moment; or possibly the Grand Turk was deficient in that
+clearness of strategical instinct which never in any circumstances
+foregoes a present advantage for something which may turn out well in a
+problematical future. Soliman, sore, sullen, and unapproachable, dwelt
+in his palace brooding over the misfortunes which had been his lot since
+the death of Ibrahim. Barbarossa, who so recently had lost practically
+all that he possessed, and who had reached an age at which most men have
+no hopes for the future, was as clear in intellect, as undaunted in
+spirit, as if he had been half a century younger: to be even once more
+with those by whom he had been defeated and dispossessed was the only
+thing now in his mind. The capture of Saleh-Reis and his convoy would be
+a triumph of which he could not bear to think. Further, it would add to
+the demoralization of the sea forces of the Sultan, which were sadly in
+need of some striking success after the defeats which had so recently
+been their portion. The Sultan had decided that one hundred and fifty
+ships were necessary; his admiral thought otherwise. There was too much
+at stake for him to dally at Constantinople; his fiery energy swept all
+before it, and in the end he had his way. On June 7th, 1538, he finally
+triumphed over the hesitations of the Viziers and put to sea with eighty
+sail.
+
+The Sultan, from his kiosk, the windows of which opened on the
+Bosphorus, counted the ships.
+
+"Only eighty sail; is that all?" he asked.
+
+The trembling Viziers prostrated themselves before him.
+
+"O our Lord, the Padishah," they cried, "Saleh-Reis comes from
+Alexandria with a rich convoy; somewhere lurking is Andrea Doria, the
+accursed; it was necessary, O Magnificent, to send succor."
+
+There was a pause, in which the hearts of men beat as do those who know
+not but that the next moment may be their last on earth.
+
+The Sultan stared from his window at the retreating ships in a silence
+like the silence of the grave. At last he turned:
+
+"So be it," he answered briefly; "but see to it that reinforcements do
+not lag upon the road."
+
+If there had been activity in the dockyards before it was as nothing to
+the strenuous work that was to be done henceforward.
+
+Before starting on this expedition Kheyr-ed-Din had made an innovation
+in the manning of some of the most powerful of his galleys, which was
+of the utmost importance, and which was to add enormously to the
+success of his future maritime enterprises. The custom had always been
+that the Ottoman galleys had been rowed by Christians, captured and
+enslaved; of course the converse was true in the galleys of their foes.
+There were, for the size of the vessels, an enormous number of men
+carried in the galleys of the sixteenth century, and an average craft of
+this description would have on board some four hundred men; of these,
+however, the proportion would be two hundred and fifty slaves to one
+hundred and fifty fighting men. That which Kheyr-ed-Din now insisted
+upon was that a certain proportion of his most powerful units should be
+rowed by Moslem fighting men, so that on the day of battle the oarsmen
+could join in the fray instead of remaining chained to their benches, as
+was the custom with the slaves. It is, however, an extraordinary
+testimony to the influence which the corsair had attained in
+Constantinople that he had been able to effect this change in the
+composition of some of his crews; it must have been done with the active
+cooeperation of the Sultan, as no authority less potent than that of the
+sovereign himself could have induced free men to undertake the terrible
+toil of rower in a galley. This was reserved for the unfortunate slave
+on either side owing to the intolerable hardship of the life, and
+results, in the pace at which a galley proceeded through the water,
+were usually obtained by an unsparing use of the lash on the naked
+bodies of the rowers.
+
+This human material was used up in the most prodigal manner possible, as
+those in command had not the inducement of treating the rowers well,
+from that economic standpoint which causes a man to so use his beast of
+burden as to get the best work from him. In the galley, when a slave
+would row no more he was flung overboard and another was put in his
+place.
+
+The admiral, however, even when backed by the Padishah, could not man a
+large fleet of galleys with Moslem rowers, and, as there was a shortage
+in the matter of propelling power, his first business was to collect
+slaves, and for this purpose he visited the islands of the Archipelago.
+The lot of the unhappy inhabitants of these was indeed a hard one. They
+were nearer to the seat of the Moslem power than any other Christians;
+they were in those days totally unable to resist an attack in force, and
+in consequence were swept off in their thousands.
+
+Seven islands cover the entrance to the Gulf of Volo. The nearest to the
+coast is Skiathos, which is also the most important; it was defended by
+a castle built upon a rock. This castle was attacked by Barbarossa, who
+bombarded it for six days, carried it by assault, and massacred the
+garrison. He spared the lives of the inhabitants of the island, and by
+this means secured three thousand four hundred rowers for his galleys.
+He had to provide motor-power for the reinforcements which he expected.
+In July he was reinforced from Constantinople by ninety galleys, while
+from Egypt came Saleh-Reis, who had succeeded in avoiding the terrible
+Doria, with twenty more; the fleet was thus complete.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[7] From _Sea Wolves of the Mediterranean_.
+
+
+
+
+MORGAN AT PUERTO BELLO[8]
+
+JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Some may think that the French having deserted Captain Morgan, the
+English alone could not have sufficient courage to attempt such great
+actions as before. But Captain Morgan, who always communicated vigor
+with his words, infused such spirit into his men, as put them instantly
+upon new designs. He inspired them with the belief that the sole
+execution of his orders would be a certain means of obtaining great
+riches, which so influenced their minds, that with inimitable courage
+they all resolved to follow him, as did also a certain pirate of
+Campechy, on this occasion joined with Captain Morgan, to seek new
+fortunes under his conduct. Thus Captain Morgan in a few days gathered a
+fleet of nine sail, either ships or great boats, wherein he had four
+hundred and sixty military men.
+
+All things being ready, they put forth to sea, Captain Morgan imparting
+his design to nobody at present; he only told them on several occasions,
+that he doubted not to make a good fortune by that voyage, if strange
+occurrences happened not. They steered towards the continent, where
+they arrived in a few days near Costa Rica, all their fleet safe. No
+sooner had they discovered land but Captain Morgan declared his
+intentions to the captains, and presently after to the company. He told
+them he intended to plunder Puerto Bello by night, being resolved to put
+the whole city to the sack: and to encourage them he added, this
+enterprise could not fail, seeing he had kept it secret, without
+revealing it to anybody, whereby they could not have notice of his
+coming. To this proposition some answered, they had not a sufficient
+number of men to assault so strong and great a city. But Captain Morgan
+replied, "If our number is small, our hearts are great; and the fewer
+persons we are, the more union and better shares we shall have in the
+spoil." Hereupon, being stimulated with the hope of those vast riches
+they promised themselves from their success, they unanimously agreed to
+that design. Now, that my reader may better comprehend the boldness of
+this exploit, it may be necessary to say something beforehand of the
+city of Puerto Bello.
+
+This city is in the province of Costa Rica, 10 deg. north latitude,
+fourteen leagues from the gulf of Darien, and eight westwards from the
+port called Nombre de Dios. It is judged the strongest place the king of
+Spain possesses in all the West Indies, except Havanna and Carthagena.
+Here are two castles almost impregnable, that defend the city, situate
+at the entry of the port, so that no ship or boat can pass without
+permission. The garrison consists of three hundred soldiers, and the
+town is inhabited by four hundred families. The merchants dwell not
+here, but only reside a while, when the galleons come from or go for
+Spain, by reason of the unhealthiness of the air, occasioned by vapors
+from the mountains; so that though their chief warehouses are at Puerto
+Bello, their habitations are at Panama, whence they bring the plate upon
+mules when the fair begins, and when the ships belonging to the company
+of negroes arrive to sell slaves.
+
+Captain Morgan, who knew very well all the avenues of this city and the
+neighboring coasts, arrived in the evening with his men at Puerto de
+Naos, ten leagues to the west of Puerto Bello. Being come hither, they
+sailed up the river to another harbor called Puerto Pontin, where they
+anchored: here they put themselves into boats and canoes, leaving in the
+ships only a few men to bring them next day to the port. About midnight
+they came to a place called Estera longa Lemos, where they all went on
+shore and marched by land to the first posts of the city. They had in
+their company an Englishman, formerly a prisoner in those parts, who now
+served them for a guide. To him and three or four more they gave
+commission to take the sentinel, if possible, or kill him on the place:
+but they seized him so cunningly, as he had no time to give warning with
+his musket, or make any noise, and brought him, with his hands bound,
+to Captain Morgan, who asked him how things went in the city, and what
+forces they had; with other circumstances he desired to know. After
+every question they made him a thousand menaces to kill him, if he
+declared not the truth. Then they advanced to the city, carrying the
+said sentinel bound before them: having marched about a quarter of a
+league, they came to the castle near the city, which presently they
+closely surrounded, so that no person could get either in or out.
+
+Being posted under the walls of the castle, Captain Morgan commanded the
+sentinel, whom they had taken prisoner, to speak to those within,
+charging them to surrender to his discretion; otherwise they should all
+be cut in pieces, without quarter. But disregarding these threats, they
+began instantly to fire, which alarmed the city; yet notwithstanding,
+though the governor and soldiers of the said castle made as great
+resistance as could be, they were forced to surrender. Having taken the
+castle, Morgan resolved to be as good as his word, putting the Spaniards
+to the sword, thereby to strike a terror into the rest of the city.
+Whereupon, having shut up all the soldiers and officers as prisoners
+into one room, they set fire to the powder (whereof they found great
+quantity) and blew up the castle into the air, with all the Spaniards
+that were within. This done, they pursued the course of their victory,
+falling upon the city, which as yet was not ready to receive them. Many
+of the inhabitants cast their precious jewels and money into wells and
+cisterns, or hid them in places underground, to avoid as much as
+possible, being totally robbed. One of the party of pirates, assigned to
+this purpose, ran immediately to the cloisters, and took as many
+religious men and women as they could find. The governor of the city,
+not being able to rally the citizens, through their great confusion,
+retired to one of the castles remaining, and thence fired incessantly at
+the pirates: but these were not in the least negligent either to assault
+him, or defend themselves, so that amidst the horror of the assault,
+they made very few shots in vain; for aiming with great dexterity at the
+mouths of the guns, the Spaniards were certain to lose one or two men
+every time they charged each gun anew.
+
+The fight continued very furious from break of day till noon; indeed,
+about this time of the day the case was very dubious which party should
+conquer, or be conquered. At last, the pirates perceiving they had lost
+many men, and yet advanced but little towards gaining either this, or
+the other castles, made use of fire-balls, which they threw with their
+hands, designing to burn the doors of the castles. But the Spaniards
+from the walls let fall great quantities of stones, and earthen pots
+full of powder, and other combustible matter, which forced them to
+desist. Captain Morgan seeing this desperate defence made by the
+Spaniards, began to despair of success. Hereupon, many faint and calm
+meditations came into his mind; neither could he determine which way to
+turn himself in that strait. Being thus puzzled, he was suddenly
+animated to continue the assault, by seeing the English colors put forth
+at one of the lesser castles, then entered by his men; of whom he
+presently after spied a troop coming to meet him, proclaiming victory
+with loud shouts of joy. This instantly put him on new resolutions of
+taking the rest of the castles, especially seeing the chiefest citizens
+were fled to them, and had conveyed thither great part of their riches,
+with all the plate belonging to the churches and divine service.
+
+To this effect, he ordered ten or twelve ladders to be made in all
+haste, so broad, that three or four men at once might ascend them: these
+being finished, he commanded all the religious men and women, whom he
+had taken prisoners, to fix them against the walls of the castle. This
+he had before threatened the governor to do, if he delivered not the
+castle: but his answer was, "he would never surrender himself alive."
+Captain Morgan was persuaded the governor would not employ his utmost
+force, on seeing the religious women and ecclesiastical persons exposed
+in the front of the soldiers to the greatest danger. Thus the ladders,
+as I have said, were at once put into the hands of religious persons of
+both sexes, and these were forced, at the head of the companies, to
+raise and apply them to the walls. But Captain Morgan was fully
+deceived in his judgment of this design; for the governor, who acted
+like a brave soldier in performance of his duty, used his utmost
+endeavor to destroy whomsoever came near the walls. The religious men
+and women ceased not to cry to him, and beg of him, by all the saints of
+heaven, to deliver the castle, and spare both his and their own lives;
+but nothing could prevail with his obstinacy and fierceness. Thus many
+of the religious men and nuns were killed before they could fix the
+ladders; which at last being done, though with great loss of their
+number, the pirates mounted them in great numbers, and with reckless
+valor, having fire-balls in their hands, and earthen pots full of
+powder; which, being now at the top of the walls, they kindled and cast
+down among the Spaniards.
+
+This effort of the pirates was very great, insomuch that the Spaniards
+could not longer resist nor defend the castle, which was now entered.
+Hereupon they all threw down their arms, and craved quarter for their
+lives; only the governor of the city would crave no mercy, but killed
+many of the pirates with his own hands, and not a few of his own
+soldiers; because they did not stand to their arms. And though the
+pirates asked him if he would have quarter; yet he constantly answered,
+"By no means, I had rather die as a valiant soldier, than be hanged as a
+coward." They endeavored as much as they could to take him prisoner, but
+he defended himself so obstinately, that they were forced to kill him,
+notwithstanding all the cries and tears of his own wife and daughter,
+who begged him, on their knees, to demand quarter, and save his life.
+When the pirates had possessed themselves of the castle, which was about
+nightfall, they enclosed therein all the prisoners, placing the women
+and men by themselves, with some guards. The wounded were put in an
+apartment by themselves, that their own complaints might be the cure of
+their diseases; for no other was afforded them.
+
+This done, they fell to eating and drinking, and as usual, to committing
+all manner of debauchery and excess, so that fifty courageous men might
+easily have retaken the city, and killed all the pirates. Next day,
+having plundered all they could find, they examined some of the
+prisoners (who had been persuaded by their companions to say they were
+the richest of the town), charging them severely to discover where they
+had hid their riches and goods. Not being able to extort anything from
+them, they not being the right persons, it was resolved to torture them:
+this they did so cruelly, that many of them died on the rack, or
+presently after. Now the president of Panama being advertised of the
+pillage and ruin of Puerto Bello, he employed all his care and industry
+to raise forces to pursue and cast out the pirates thence; but these
+cared little for his preparations, having their ships at hand, and
+determining to fire the city, and retreat. They had now been at Puerto
+Bello fifteen days, in which time they had lost many of their men, both
+by the unhealthiness of the country, and their extravagant debaucheries.
+
+Hereupon, they prepared to depart, carrying on board all the pillage
+they had got, having first provided the fleet with sufficient victuals
+for the voyage. While these things were doing Captain Morgan demanded of
+the prisoners a ransom for the city, or else he would burn it down, and
+blow up all the castles; withal, he commanded them to send speedily two
+persons, to procure the sum, which was 100,000 pieces-of-eight. To this
+effect two men were sent to the president of Panama, who gave him an
+account of all. The president, having now a body of men ready, set forth
+towards Puerto Bello, to encounter the pirates before their retreat;
+but, they, hearing of his coming, instead of flying away, went out to
+meet him at a narrow passage, which he must pass: here they placed a
+hundred men, very well armed, which at the first encounter put to flight
+a good party of those of Panama. This obliged the president to retire
+for that time, not being yet in a posture of strength to proceed
+farther. Presently after, he sent a message to Captain Morgan, to tell
+him, "that if he departed not suddenly with all his forces from Puerto
+Bello, he ought to expect no quarter for himself, nor his companions,
+when he should take them, as he hoped soon to do." Captain Morgan, who
+feared not his threats, knowing he had a secure retreat in his ships,
+which were at hand, answered, "he would not deliver the castles, before
+he had received the contribution-money he had demanded; which if it were
+not paid down, he would certainly burn the whole city, and then leave
+it, demolishing beforehand the castles, and killing the prisoners."
+
+The governor of Panama perceived by this answer that no means would
+serve to mollify the hearts of the pirates, nor reduce them to reason:
+whereupon, he determined to leave the inhabitants of the city to make
+the best agreement they could. In a few days more the miserable citizens
+gathered the contributions required, and brought 100,000 pieces-of-eight
+to the pirates for their ransom. The president of Panama was much amazed
+that four hundred men could take such a great city, with so many strong
+castles, especially having no ordnance, wherewith to raise batteries,
+and, knowing the citizens of Puerto Bello had always great repute of
+being good soldiers themselves, who never wanted courage in their own
+defence. His astonishment was so great, that he sent to Captain Morgan,
+desiring some small pattern of those arms wherewith he had taken with
+such vigor so great a city. Captain Morgan received this messenger very
+kindly, and with great civility; and gave him a pistol, and a few small
+bullets, to carry back to the president his master; telling him, withal,
+"he desired him to accept that slender pattern of the arms wherewith he
+had taken Puerto Bello, and keep them for a twelvemonth; after which
+time he promised to come to Panama, and fetch them away."[9] The
+governor returned the present very soon to Captain Morgan, giving him
+thanks for the favor of lending him such weapons as he needed not; and,
+withal, sent him a ring of gold, with this message, "that he desired him
+not to give himself the labor of coming to Panama, as he had done to
+Puerto Bello: for he did assure him, he should not speed so well here,
+as he had done there."
+
+After this, Captain Morgan (having provided his fleet with all
+necessaries, and taken with him the best guns of the castles, nailing up
+the rest) set sail from Puerto Bello with all his ships, and arriving in
+a few days at Cuba, he sought out a place wherein he might quickly make
+the dividend of their spoil. They found in ready money 250,000
+pieces-of-eight, besides other merchandise; as cloth, linen, silks, etc.
+With this rich purchase they sailed thence to their common place of
+rendezvous, Jamaica. Being arrived, they passed here some time in all
+sorts of vices and debaucheries, according to their custom; spending
+very prodigally what others had gained with no small labor and toil.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[8] From _The Buccaneers of America_.
+
+[9] This promise was kept. See The Capture of Panama (footnote).
+
+
+
+
+THE WAYS OF THE BUCCANEERS[10]
+
+JOHN MASEFIELD after JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Throughout the years of buccaneering, the buccaneers often put to sea in
+canoas and periaguas, just as Drake put to sea in his three pinnaces.
+Life in an open boat is far from pleasant, but men who passed their
+leisure cutting logwood at Campeachy, or hoeing tobacco in Jamaica, or
+toiling over gramma grass under a hot sun after cattle, were not
+disposed to make the worst of things. They would sit contentedly upon
+the oar bench, rowing with a long, slow stroke for hours together
+without showing signs of fatigue. Nearly all of them were men of more
+than ordinary strength, and all of them were well accustomed to the
+climate. When they had rowed their canoa to the Main they were able to
+take it easy till a ship came by from one of the Spanish ports. If she
+seemed a reasonable prey, without too many guns, and not too high
+charged, or high built, the privateers would load their muskets, and row
+down to engage her. The best shots were sent into the bows, and excused
+from rowing, lest the exercise should cause their hands to tremble. A
+clever man was put to the steering oar, and the musketeers were bidden
+to sing out whenever the enemy yawed, so as to fire her guns. It was in
+action, and in action only, that the captain had command over his men.
+The steersman endeavored to keep the masts of the quarry in a line, and
+to approach her from astern. The marksmen from the bows kept up a
+continual fire at the vessel's helmsmen, if they could be seen, and at
+any gun-ports which happened to be open. If the helmsmen could not be
+seen from the sea, the canoas aimed to row in upon the vessel's
+quarters, where they could wedge up the rudder with wooden chocks or
+wedges. They then laid her aboard over the quarter, or by the after
+chains, and carried her with their knives and pistols. The first man to
+get aboard received some gift of money at the division of the spoil.
+
+When the prize was taken, the prisoners were questioned, and despoiled.
+Often, indeed, they were stripped stark naked, and granted the privilege
+of seeing their finery on a pirate's back. Each buccaneer had the right
+to take a shift of clothes out of each prize captured. The cargo was
+then rummaged, and the state of the ship looked to, with an eye to using
+her as a cruiser. As a rule, the prisoners were put ashore on the first
+opportunity, but some buccaneers had a way of selling their captives
+into slavery. If the ship were old, leaky, valueless, in ballast, or
+with a cargo useless to the rovers, she was either robbed of her guns,
+and turned adrift with her crew, or run ashore in some snug cove, where
+she could be burnt for the sake of the iron-work. If the cargo were of
+value, and, as a rule, the ships they took had some rich thing aboard
+them, they sailed her to one of the Dutch, French or English
+settlements, where they sold her freight for what they could get--some
+tenth or twentieth of its value. If the ship were a good one, in good
+condition, well found, swift, and not of too great draught (for they
+preferred to sail in small ships), they took her for their cruiser as
+soon as they had emptied out her freight. They sponged and loaded her
+guns, brought their stores aboard her, laid their mats upon her deck,
+secured the boats astern, and sailed away in search of other plunder.
+They kept little discipline aboard their ships. What work had to be done
+they did, but works of supererogation they despised and rejected as a
+shade unholy. The night watches were partly orgies. While some slept,
+the others fired guns and drank to the health of their fellows. By the
+light of the binnacle, or by the light of the slush lamps in the cabin,
+the rovers played a hand at cards, or diced each other at "seven and
+eleven," using a pannikin as dice-box. While the gamblers cut and
+shuffled, and the dice rattled in the tin, the musical sang songs, the
+fiddlers set their music chuckling, and the seaboots stamped approval.
+The cunning dancers showed their science in the moonlight, avoiding the
+sleepers if they could. In this jolly fashion were the nights made
+short. In the daytime, the gambling continued with little intermission;
+nor had the captain any authority to stop it. One captain, in the
+histories, was so bold as to throw the dice and cards overboard, but, as
+a rule, the captain of a buccaneer cruiser was chosen as an artist, or
+navigator, or as a lucky fighter. He was not expected to spoil sport.
+The continual gambling nearly always led to fights and quarrels. The
+lucky dicers often won so much that the unlucky had to part with all
+their booty. Sometimes a few men would win all the plunder of the
+cruise, much to the disgust of the majority, who clamored for a
+redivision of the spoil. If two buccaneers got into a quarrel they
+fought it out on shore at the first opportunity, using knives, swords,
+or pistols, according to taste. The usual way of fighting was with
+pistols, the combatants standing back to back, at a distance of ten or
+twelve paces, and turning round to fire at the word of command. If both
+shots missed, the question was decided with cutlasses, the man who drew
+first blood being declared the winner. If a man were proved to be a
+coward he was either tied to the mast, and shot, or mutilated, and sent
+ashore. No cruise came to an end until the company declared themselves
+satisfied with the amount of plunder taken. The question, like all other
+important questions, was debated round the mast, and decided by vote.
+
+At the conclusion of a successful cruise, they sailed for Port Royal,
+with the ship full of treasure, such as vicuna wool, packets of pearls
+from the Hatch, jars of civet or of ambergris, boxes of "marmalett" and
+spices, casks of strong drink, bales of silk, sacks of chocolate and
+vanilla, and rolls of green cloth and pale blue cotton which the Indians
+had woven in Peru, in some sandy village near the sea, in sight of the
+pelicans and the penguins. In addition to all these things, they usually
+had a number of the personal possessions of those they had taken on the
+seas. Lying in the chests for subsequent division were swords,
+silver-mounted pistols, daggers chased and inlaid, watches from Spain,
+necklaces of uncut jewels, rings and bangles, heavy carved furniture,
+"cases of bottles" of delicately cut green glass, containing cordials
+distilled of precious mints, with packets of emeralds from Brazil,
+bezoar stones from Patagonia, paintings from Spain, and medicinal gums
+from Nicaragua. All these things were divided by lot at the main-mast as
+soon as the anchor held. As the ship, or ships, neared port, her men
+hung colors out--any colors they could find--to make their vessel gay. A
+cup of drink was taken as they sailed slowly home to moorings, and as
+they drank they fired off the cannon, "bullets and all," again and yet
+again, rejoicing as the bullets struck the water. Up in the bay, the
+ships in the harbor answered with salutes of cannon; flags were dipped
+and hoisted in salute; and so the anchor dropped in some safe reach, and
+the division of the spoil began.
+
+After the division of the spoil in the beautiful Port Royal harbor, in
+sight of the palm-trees and the fort with the colors flying, the
+buccaneers packed their gear, and dropped over the side into a boat.
+They were pulled ashore by some grinning black man with a scarlet scarf
+about his head and the brand of a hot iron on his shoulders. At the
+jetty end, where the Indians lounged at their tobacco and the
+fishermen's canoas rocked, the sunburnt pirates put ashore. Among the
+noisy company which always gathers on a pier they met with their
+companions. A sort of Roman triumph followed, as the "happily returned"
+lounged swaggeringly towards the taverns. Eager hands helped them to
+carry in their plunder. In a few minutes the gang was entering the
+tavern, the long, cool room with barrels round the walls, where there
+were benches and a table and an old blind fiddler jerking his elbow at a
+jig. Noisily the party ranged about the table, and sat themselves upon
+the benches, while the drawers, or potboys, in their shirts, drew near
+to take the orders. I wonder if the reader has ever heard a sailor in
+the like circumstance, five minutes after he has touched his pay,
+address a company of parasites in an inn with the question: "What's it
+going to be?"
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[10] From _Buccaneer Customs on the Spanish Main_.
+
+
+
+
+A TRUE ACCOUNT OF THREE NOTORIOUS PIRATES[11]
+
+HOWARD PYLE, ED.
+
+
+I
+
+CAPTAIN TEACH _alias_ BLACK-BEARD
+
+Edward Teach was a Bristol man born, but had sailed some time out of
+Jamaica, in privateers, in the late French war; yet though he had often
+distinguished himself for his uncommon boldness and personal courage, he
+was never raised to any command, till he went a-pirating, which, I
+think, was at the latter end of the year 1716, when Captain Benjamin
+Hornygold put him into a sloop that he had made prize of, and with whom
+he continued in consortship till a little while before Hornygold
+surrendered.
+
+In the spring of the year 1717 Teach and Hornygold sailed from
+Providence, for the main of America, and took in their way a billop from
+the Havana, with 120 barrels of flour, as also a sloop from Bermuda,
+Thurbar master, from whom they took only some gallons of wine, and then
+let him go; and a ship from Madeira to South Carolina, out of which they
+got plunder to a considerable value.
+
+After cleaning on the coast of Virginia, they returned to the West
+Indies, and in the latitude of 24, made prize of a large French
+Guineaman, bound to Martinico, which, by Hornygold's consent, Teach went
+aboard of as captain, and took a cruise in her. Hornygold returned with
+his sloop to Providence, where, at the arrival of Captain Rogers, the
+governor, he surrendered to mercy, pursuant to the king's proclamation.
+
+Aboard of this Guineaman Teach mounted forty guns, and named her the
+_Queen Ann's Revenge_; and cruising near the island of St. Vincent, took
+a large ship, called the _Great Allen_, Christopher Taylor, commander;
+the pirates plundered her of what they thought fit, put all the men
+ashore upon the island above mentioned, and set fire to the ship.
+
+A few days after Teach fell in with the _Scarborough_, man-of-war, of
+thirty guns, who engaged him for some hours; but she, finding the pirate
+well-manned, and having tried her strength, gave over the engagement and
+returned to Barbadoes, the place of her station, and Teach sailed
+towards the Spanish America.
+
+In this way he met with a pirate sloop of ten guns, commanded by one
+Major Bonnet, lately a gentleman of good reputation and estate in the
+island of Barbadoes, whom he joined; but in a few days after, Teach,
+finding that Bonnet knew nothing of a maritime life, with the consent of
+his own men, put in another captain, one Richards, to command Bonnet's
+sloop, and took the Major on board his own ship, telling him, that as he
+had not been used to the fatigues and care of such a post, it would be
+better for him to decline it and live easy, at his pleasure, in such a
+ship as his, where he would not be obliged to perform the necessary
+duties of a sea-voyage.
+
+At Turniff, ten leagues short of the Bay of Honduras, the pirates took
+in fresh water, and while they were at anchor there, they saw a sloop
+coming in, whereupon Richards, in the sloop called the _Revenge_,
+slipped his cable and run out to meet her; who, upon seeing the black
+flag hoisted, struck his sail and came to under the stern of Teach, the
+commodore. She was called the _Adventure_, from Jamaica, David Harriot,
+master. They took him and his men aboard the great ship, and sent a
+number of other hands with Israel Hands, master of Teach's ship, to man
+the sloop for the piratical account.
+
+The 9th of April they weighed from Turniff, having lain there about a
+week, and sailed to the bay, where they found a ship and four sloops;
+three of the latter belonged to Jonathan Bernard, of Jamaica, and the
+other to Captain James. The ship was of Boston, called the _Protestant
+Caesar_, Captain Wyar, commander. Teach hoisted his black colors and
+fired a gun, upon which Captain Wyar and all his men left their ship and
+got ashore in their boat. Teach's quartermaster and eight of his crew
+took possession of Wyar's ship, and Richards secured all the sloops, one
+of which they burnt out of spite to the owner. The _Protestant Caesar_
+they also burnt, after they had plundered her, because she belonged to
+Boston, where some men had been hanged for piracy, and the three sloops
+belonging to Bernard they let go.
+
+From hence the rovers sailed to Turkill, and then to the Grand Caimanes,
+a small island about thirty leagues to the westward of Jamaica, where
+they took a small turtler, and so to the Havana, and from thence to the
+Bahama Wrecks; and from the Bahama Wrecks they sailed to Carolina,
+taking a brigantine and two sloops in their way, where they lay off the
+bar of Charles Town for five or six days. They took here a ship as she
+was coming out, bound for London, commanded by Robert Clark, with some
+passengers on board for England. The next day they took another vessel
+coming out of Charles Town, and also two pinks coming into Charles Town;
+likewise a brigantine with fourteen negroes aboard; all of which, being
+done in the face of the town, struck so great a terror to the whole
+province of Carolina, having just before been visited by Vane, another
+notorious pirate, that they abandoned themselves to despair, being in no
+condition to resist their force. There were eight sail in the harbor,
+ready for the sea, but none dared to venture out, it being almost
+impossible to escape their hands. The inward bound vessels were under
+the same unhappy dilemma, so that the trade of this place was totally
+interrupted. What made these misfortunes heavier to them was a long,
+expensive war the colony had had with the natives, which was but just
+ended when these robbers infested them.
+
+Teach detained all the ships and prisoners, and, being in want of
+medicines, resolved to demand a chest from the government of the
+province. Accordingly, Richards, the captain of the _Revenge_ sloop,
+with two or three more pirates, were sent up along with Mr. Marks, one
+of the prisoners whom they had taken in Clark's ship, and very
+insolently made their demands, threatening that if they did not send
+immediately the chest of medicines and let the pirate ambassadors
+return, without offering any violence to their persons, they would
+murder all their prisoners, send up their heads to the governor, and set
+the ships they had taken on fire.
+
+Whilst Mr. Marks was making application to the council, Richards and the
+rest of the pirates walked the streets publicly in the sight of all
+people, who were fired with the utmost indignation, looking upon them as
+robbers and murderers, and particularly the authors of their wrongs and
+oppressions, but durst not so much as think of executing their revenge
+for fear of bringing more calamities upon themselves, and so they were
+forced to let the villains pass with impunity. The government was not
+long in deliberating upon the message, though it was the greatest
+affront that could have been put upon them, yet, for the saving so many
+men's lives (among them Mr. Samuel Wragg, one of the council), they
+complied with the necessity and sent aboard a chest, valued at between
+three and four hundred pounds, and the pirates went back safe to their
+ships.
+
+Black-beard (for so Teach was generally called, as we shall hereafter
+show), as soon as he had received the medicines and his brother rogues,
+let go the ships and the prisoners, having first taken out of them in
+gold and silver about L1,500 sterling, besides provisions and other
+matters.
+
+From the bar of Charles Town they sailed to North Carolina, Captain
+Teach in the ship, which they called the man-of-war, Captain Richards
+and Captain Hands in the sloops, which they termed privateers, and
+another sloop serving them as a tender. Teach began now to think of
+breaking up the company and securing the money and the best of the
+effects for himself and some others of his companions he had most
+friendship for, and to cheat the rest. Accordingly, on pretense of
+running into Topsail inlet to clean, he grounded his ship, and then, as
+if it had been done undesignedly and by accident, he orders Hands' sloop
+to come to his assistance and get him off again, which he, endeavoring
+to do, ran the sloop on shore near the other, and so were both lost.
+This done, Teach goes into the tender sloop, with forty hands, and
+leaves the _Revenge_ there, then takes seventeen others and maroons them
+upon a small sandy island, about a league from the main, where there was
+neither bird, beast, or herb for their subsistence, and where they must
+have perished if Major Bonnet had not, two days after, taken them off.
+
+Teach goes up to the governor of North Carolina, with about twenty of
+his men, and they surrender to his Majesty's proclamation, and receive
+certificates thereof from his Excellency; but it did not appear that
+their submitting to this pardon was from any reformation of manners, but
+only to await a more favorable opportunity to play the same game over
+again; which he soon after effected, with greater security to himself,
+and with much better prospect of success, having in this time cultivated
+a very good understanding with Charles Eden, Esq., the governor above
+mentioned.
+
+The first piece of service this kind governor did to Black-beard was to
+give him a right to the vessel which he had taken when he was a-pirating
+in the great ship called the _Queen Ann's Revenge_, for which purpose a
+court of vice-admiralty was held at Bath Town, and, though Teach had
+never any commission in his life, and the sloop belonging to the English
+merchants, and taken in time of peace, yet was she condemned as a prize
+taken from the Spaniards by the said Teach. These proceedings show that
+governors are but men.
+
+Before he sailed upon his adventures, he married a young creature of
+about sixteen years of age, the governor performing the ceremony. As it
+is a custom to marry here by a priest, so it is there by a magistrate;
+and this, I have been informed, made Teach's fourteenth wife whereof
+about a dozen might be still living.
+
+In June, 1718, he went to sea upon another expedition, and steered his
+course towards Bermudas. He met with two or three English vessels in his
+way, but robbed them only of provisions, stores, and other necessaries,
+for his present expense; but near the island before mentioned, he fell
+in with two French ships, one of them was laden with sugar and cocoa,
+and the other light, both bound to Martinico. The ship that had no
+lading he let go, and putting all the men of the loaded ship aboard her,
+he brought home the other with her cargo to North Carolina, where the
+governor and the pirates shared the plunder.
+
+When Teach and his prize arrived he and four of his crew went to his
+Excellency and made affidavit that they found the French ship at sea
+without a soul on board her; and then a court was called, and the ship
+condemned. The governor had sixty hogsheads of sugar for his dividend,
+and one Mr. Knight, who was his secretary and collector for the
+province, twenty, and the rest was shared among the other pirates.
+
+The business was not yet done; the ship remained, and it was possible
+one or other might come into the river that might be acquainted with
+her, and so discover the roguery. But Teach thought of a contrivance to
+prevent this, for, upon a pretence that she was leaky, and that she
+might sink, and so stop up the mouth of the inlet or cove where she lay,
+he obtained an order from the governor to bring her out into the river
+and set her on fire, which was accordingly executed, and she was burnt
+down to the water's edge, her bottom sunk, and with it their fears of
+her ever rising in judgment against them.
+
+Captain Teach, alias Black-beard, passed three or four months in the
+river, sometimes lying at anchor in the coves, at other times sailing
+from one inlet to another, trading with such sloops as he met for the
+plunder he had taken, and would often give them presents for stores and
+provisions he took from them; that is, when he happened to be in a
+giving humor; at other times he made bold with them, and took what he
+liked, without saying "By your leave," knowing well they dared not send
+him a bill for the payment. He often diverted himself with going ashore
+among the planters, where he revelled night and day. By these he was
+well received, but whether out of love or fear I cannot say. Sometimes
+he used them courteously enough, and made them presents of rum and sugar
+in recompense of what he took from them; but, as for liberties, which it
+is said he and his companions often took with the wives and daughters of
+the planters, I cannot take upon me to say whether he paid them _ad
+valorem_ or no. At other times he carried it in a lordly manner towards
+them, and would lay some of them under contribution; nay, he often
+proceeded to bully the governor, not that I can discover the least
+cause of quarrel between them, but it seemed only to be done to show he
+dared do it.
+
+The sloops trading up and down this river being so frequently pillaged
+by Black-beard, consulted with the traders and some of the best planters
+what course to take. They saw plainly it would be in vain to make an
+application to the governor of North Carolina, to whom it properly
+belonged to find some redress; so that if they could not be relieved
+from some other quarter, Black-beard would be like to reign with
+impunity; therefore, with as much secrecy as possible, they sent a
+deputation to Virginia, to lay the affair before the governor of that
+colony, and to solicit an armed force from the men-of-war lying there to
+take or destroy this pirate.
+
+This governor consulted with the captains of the two men-of-war, viz.,
+the _Pearl_ and _Lime_, who had lain in St. James's river about ten
+months. It was agreed that the governor should hire a couple of small
+sloops, and the men-of-war should man them. This was accordingly done,
+and the command of them given to Mr. Robert Maynard, first lieutenant of
+the _Pearl_, an experienced officer, and a gentleman of great bravery
+and resolution, as will appear by his gallant behavior in this
+expedition. The sloops were well manned, and furnished with ammunition
+and small arms, but had no guns mounted.
+
+About the time of their going out the governor called an assembly, in
+which it was resolved to publish a proclamation, offering certain
+rewards to any person or persons who, within a year after that time,
+should take or destroy any pirate. The original proclamation, being in
+our hands, is as follows:--
+
+
+     By his Majesty's Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the
+                      Colony and Dominion of Virginia.
+
+                              A PROCLAMATION,
+
+     Publishing the Rewards given for apprehending or killing Pirates.
+
+    WHEREAS, by an Act of Assembly, made at a Session of Assembly, begun
+    at the capital in Williamsburg, the eleventh day of November, in the
+    fifth year of his Majesty's reign, entitled, An Act to Encourage the
+    Apprehending and Destroying of Pirates: It is, amongst other things,
+    enacted, that all and every person, or persons, who, from and after
+    the fourteenth day of November, in the Year of our Lord one thousand
+    seven hundred and eighteen, and before the fourteenth day of
+    November, which shall be in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven
+    hundred and nineteen, shall take any pirate, or pirates, on the sea
+    or land, or, in case of resistance, shall kill any such pirate, or
+    pirates, between the degrees of thirty-four and thirty-nine of
+    northern latitude, and within one hundred leagues of the continent
+    of Virginia, or within the provinces of Virginia, or North Carolina,
+    upon the conviction, or making due proof of the killing of all and
+    every such pirate, and pirates, before the Governor and Council,
+    shall be entitled to have, and receive out of the public money, in
+    the hands of the Treasurer of this Colony, the several rewards
+    following: that is to say, for Edward Teach, commonly called Captain
+    Teach, or Black-beard, one hundred pounds; for every other
+    commander of a pirate ship, sloop, or vessel, forty pounds; for
+    every lieutenant, master, or quartermaster, boatswain, or carpenter,
+    twenty pounds; for every other inferior officer, fifteen pounds; and
+    for every private man taken on board such ship, sloop, or vessel,
+    ten pounds; and that for every pirate which shall be taken by any
+    ship, sloop, or vessel, belonging to this colony, or North Carolina,
+    within the time aforesaid, in any place whatsoever, the like rewards
+    shall be paid according to the quality and condition of such
+    pirates. Wherefore, for the encouragement of all such persons as
+    shall be willing to serve his Majesty, and their country, in so just
+    and honourable an undertaking as the suppressing a sort of people
+    who may be truly called enemies to mankind: I have thought fit, with
+    the advice and consent of his Majesty's Council, to issue this
+    Proclamation, hereby declaring the said rewards shall be punctually
+    and justly paid, in current money of Virginia, according to the
+    directions of the said Act. And I do order and appoint this
+    proclamation to be published by the sheriffs at their respective
+    country houses, and by all ministers and readers in the several
+    churches and chapels throughout this colony.
+
+       Given at our Council-Chamber at Williamsburgh, this
+           24th day of November, 1718, in the fifth year of
+           his Majesty's reign.
+               GOD SAVE THE KING.
+                                                         A. SPOTSWOOD.
+
+The 17th of November, 1718, the lieutenant sailed from Kicquetan, in
+James river in Virginia, and the 31st, in the evening, came to the mouth
+of Okerecock inlet, where he got sight of the pirate. This expedition
+was made with all imaginable secrecy, and the officer managed with all
+the prudence that was necessary, stopping all boats and vessels he met
+with in the river from going up, and thereby preventing any intelligence
+from reaching Black-beard, and receiving at the same time an account
+from them all of the place where the pirate was lurking. But
+notwithstanding this caution, Black-beard had information of the design
+from his Excellency of the province; and his secretary, Mr. Knight,
+wrote him a letter particularly concerning it, intimating "that he had
+sent him four of his men, which were all he could meet with in or about
+town, and so bid him be upon his guard." These men belonged to
+Black-beard, and were sent from Bath Town to Okerecock inlet, where the
+sloop lay, which is about twenty leagues.
+
+Black-beard had heard several reports, which happened not to be true,
+and so gave the less credit to this advice; nor was he convinced till he
+saw the sloops. Then it was time to put his vessel in a posture of
+defense. He had no more than twenty-five men on board, though he gave
+out to all the vessels he spoke with that he had forty. When he had
+prepared for battle he sat down and spent the night in drinking with the
+master of a trading sloop, who, it was thought, had more business with
+Teach than he should have had.
+
+Lieutenant Maynard came to an anchor, for the place being shoal, and the
+channel intricate, there was no getting in where Teach lay that night;
+but in the morning he weighed, and sent his boat ahead of the sloops to
+sound, and coming within gun-shot of the pirate, received his fire;
+whereupon Maynard hoisted the king's colors, and stood directly towards
+him with the best way that his sails and oars could make. Black-beard
+cut his cable, and endeavored to make a running fight, keeping a
+continual fire at his enemies with his guns. Mr. Maynard, not having
+any, kept a constant fire with small arms, while some of his men labored
+at their oars. In a little time Teach's sloop ran aground, and Mr.
+Maynard's, drawing more water than that of the pirate, he could not come
+near him; so he anchored within half gun-shot of the enemy, and, in
+order to lighten his vessel, that he might run him aboard, the
+lieutenant ordered all his ballast to be thrown overboard, and all the
+water to be staved, and then weighed and stood for him; upon which
+Black-beard hailed him in this rude manner: "Damn you for villains, who
+are you; and from whence came you?" The lieutenant made him answer, "You
+may see by our colors we are no pirates." Black-beard bid him send his
+boat on board that he might see who he was; but Mr. Maynard replied
+thus: "I cannot spare my boat, but I will come aboard of you as soon as
+I can with my sloop." Upon this Black-beard took a glass of liquor, and
+drank to him with these words: "Damnation seize my soul if I give you
+quarter, or take any from you." In answer to which Mr. Maynard told him
+"that he expected no quarter from him, nor should he give him any."
+
+By this time Black-beard's sloop fleeted as Mr. Maynard's sloops were
+rowing towards him, which being not above a foot high in the waist, and
+consequently the men all exposed, as they came near together (there
+being hitherto little or no execution done on either side), the pirate
+fired a broadside charged with all manner of small shot. A fatal stroke
+to them!--the sloop the lieutenant was in having twenty men killed and
+wounded, and the other sloop nine. This could not be helped, for there
+being no wind, they were obliged to keep to their oars, otherwise the
+pirate would have got away from him, which it seems, the lieutenant was
+resolute to prevent.
+
+After this unlucky blow Black-beard's sloop fell broadside to the shore;
+Mr. Maynard's other sloop, which was called the _Ranger_, fell astern,
+being for the present disabled. So the lieutenant, finding his own sloop
+had way and would soon be on board of Teach, he ordered all his men
+down, for fear of another broadside, which must have been their
+destruction and the loss of their expedition. Mr. Maynard was the only
+person that kept the deck, except the man at the helm, whom he directed
+to lie down snug, and the men in the hold were ordered to get their
+pistols and their swords ready for close fighting, and to come up at his
+command; in order to which two ladders were placed in the hatchway for
+the more expedition. When the lieutenant's sloop boarded the other
+Captain Teach's men threw in several new-fashioned sort of grenades,
+viz., case-bottles filled with powder and small shot, slugs, and pieces
+of lead or iron, with a quick-match in the mouth of it, which, being
+lighted without side, presently runs into the bottle to the powder, and,
+as it is instantly thrown on board, generally does great execution
+besides putting all the crew into a confusion. But, by good Providence,
+they had not that effect here, the men being in the hold. Black-beard,
+seeing few or no hands aboard, told his men "that they were all knocked
+to head, except three or four; and therefore," says he, "let's jump on
+board and cut them to pieces."
+
+Whereupon, under the smoke of one of the bottles just mentioned,
+Black-beard enters with fourteen men over the bows of Maynard's sloop,
+and were not seen by him until the air cleared. However, he just then
+gave a signal to his men, who all rose in an instant, and attacked the
+pirates with as much bravery as ever was done upon such an occasion.
+Black-beard and the lieutenant fired the first shots at each other, by
+which the pirate received a wound, and then engaged with swords, till
+the lieutenant's unluckily broke, and stepping back to cock a pistol,
+Black-beard, with his cutlass, was striking at that instant that one of
+Maynard's men gave him a terrible wound in the neck and throat, by which
+the lieutenant came off with only a small cut over his fingers.
+
+They were now closely and warmly engaged, the lieutenant and twelve men
+against Black-beard and fourteen, till the sea was tinctured with blood
+round the vessel. Black-beard received a shot into his body from the
+pistol that Lieutenant Maynard discharged, yet he stood his ground, and
+fought with great fury till he received five-and-twenty wounds, and five
+of them by shot. At length, as he was cocking another pistol, having
+fired several before, he fell down dead; by which time eight more out of
+the fourteen dropped, and all the rest, much wounded, jumped overboard
+and called out for quarter, which was granted, though it was only
+prolonging their lives a few days. The sloop _Ranger_ came up and
+attacked the men that remained in Black-beard's sloop with equal
+bravery, till they likewise cried for quarter.
+
+Here was an end of that courageous brute, who might have passed in the
+world for a hero had he been employed in a good cause.
+
+The lieutenant caused Black-beard's head to be severed from his body,
+and hung up at the boltsprit end; then he sailed to Bath Town, to get
+relief for his wounded men.
+
+In rummaging the pirate's sloop, they found several letters and written
+papers, which discovered the correspondence between Governor Eden, the
+secretary and collector, and also some traders at New York, and
+Black-beard. It is likely he had regard enough for his friends to have
+destroyed these papers before action, in order to hinder them from
+falling into such hands, where the discovery would be of no use either
+to the interest or reputation of these fine gentlemen, if it had not
+been his fixed resolution to have blown up together, when he found no
+possibility of escaping.
+
+When the lieutenant came to Bath Town, he made bold to seize from the
+governor's storehouse the sixty hogsheads of sugar, and from honest Mr.
+Knight, twenty; which it seems was their dividend of the plunder taken
+in the French ship. The latter did not survive this shameful discovery,
+for, being apprehensive that he might be called to an account for these
+trifles, fell sick, it is thought, with the fright, and died in a few
+days.
+
+After the wounded men were pretty well recovered, the lieutenant sailed
+back to the men-of-war in James River, in Virginia, with Black-beard's
+head still hanging at the boltsprit end, and fifteen prisoners, thirteen
+of whom were hanged, it appearing, upon trial, that one of them, viz.,
+Samuel Odell, was taken out of the trading sloop but the night before
+the engagement. This poor fellow was a little unlucky at his first
+entering upon his new trade, there appearing no less than seventy wounds
+upon him after the action; notwithstanding which he lived and was cured
+of them all. The other person that escaped the gallows was one Israel
+Hands, the master of Black-beard's sloop, and formerly captain of the
+same, before the _Queen Ann's Revenge_ was lost in Topsail inlet.
+
+The aforesaid Hands happened not to be in the fight, but was taken
+afterwards ashore at Bath Town, having been sometime before disabled by
+Black-beard, in one of his savage humors, after the following manner:
+One night, drinking in his cabin with Hands, the pilot, and another man,
+Black-beard, without any provocation, privately draws out a small pair
+of pistols, and cocks them under the table, which being perceived by the
+man, he withdrew and went upon deck, leaving Hands, the pilot, and the
+captain together. When the pistols were ready he blew out the candle,
+and, crossing his hands, discharged them at his company; Hands, the
+master, was shot through the knee and lamed for life, the other pistol
+did no execution. Being asked the meaning of this, he only answered by
+damning them, that "if he did not now and then kill one of them, they
+would forget who he was."
+
+Hands being taken, was tried and condemned, but just as he was about to
+be executed a ship arrived at Virginia with a proclamation for
+prolonging the time of his Majesty's pardon to such of the pirates as
+should surrender by a limited time therein expressed. Notwithstanding
+the sentence, Hands pleaded the pardon, and was allowed the benefit of
+it, and was alive some time ago in London, begging his bread.
+
+Now that we have given some account of Teach's life and actions, it
+will not be amiss that we speak of his beard, since it did not a little
+contribute towards making his name so terrible in those parts.
+
+Plutarch and other grave historians have taken notice that several great
+men amongst the Romans took their surnames from certain odd marks in
+their countenances--as Cicero, from a mark, or vetch, on his nose--so
+our hero, Captain Teach, assumed the cognomen of Black-beard, from that
+large quantity of hair which, like a frightful meteor, covered his whole
+face, and frightened America more than any comet that has appeared there
+a long time.
+
+This beard was black, which he suffered to grow of an extravagant
+length; as to breadth, it came up to his eyes. He was accustomed to
+twist it with ribbons, in small tails, after the manner of our Ramilie
+wigs, and turn them about his ears. In time of action he wore a sling
+over his shoulders, with three brace of pistols hanging in holsters like
+bandoliers, and stuck lighted matches under his hat, which, appearing on
+each side of his face, his eyes naturally looking fierce and wild, made
+him altogether such a figure that imagination cannot form an idea of a
+fury from hell to look more frightful.
+
+If he had the look of a fury, his humors and passions were suitable to
+it.
+
+In the commonwealth of pirates, he who goes the greatest length of
+wickedness is looked upon with a kind of envy amongst them as a person
+of a more extraordinary gallantry, and is thereby entitled to be
+distinguished by some post, and if such a one has but courage, he must
+certainly be a great man. The hero of whom we are writing was thoroughly
+accomplished this way, and some of his frolics of wickedness were so
+extravagant, as if he aimed at making his men believe he was a devil
+incarnate; for being one day at sea, and a little flushed with drink,
+"Come," says he, "let us make a hell of our own, and try how long we can
+bear it." Accordingly he, with two or three others, went down into the
+hold, and closing up all the hatches, filled several pots full of
+brimstone and other combustible matter, and set it on fire, and so
+continued till they were almost suffocated, when some of the men cried
+out for air. At length he opened the hatches, not a little pleased that
+he held out the longest.
+
+The night before he was killed he sat up and drank till the morning with
+some of his own men and the master of a merchantman; and having had
+intelligence of the two sloops coming to attack him, as has been before
+observed, one of his men asked him, in case anything should happen to
+him in the engagement with the sloops, whether his wife knew where he
+had buried his money? He answered, "That nobody but himself and the
+devil knew where it was, and the longest liver should take all."
+
+Those of his crew who were taken alive told a story which may appear a
+little incredible; however, we think it will not be fair to omit it
+since we had it from their own mouths. That once upon a cruise they
+found out that they had a man on board more than their crew; such a one
+was seen several days amongst them, sometimes below and sometimes upon
+deck, yet no man in the ship could give an account who he was, or from
+whence he came, but that he disappeared a little before they were cast
+away in their great ship; but it seems they verily believed it was the
+devil.
+
+One would think these things should induce them to reform their lives,
+but so many reprobates together, encouraged and spirited one another up
+in their wickedness, to which a continual course of drinking did not a
+little contribute, for in Black-beard's journal, which was taken, there
+were several memorandums of the following nature found writ with his own
+hand: Such a day rum all out; our company somewhat sober; a damned
+confusion amongst us; rouges a-plotting; great talk of separation; so I
+looked sharp for a prize; such a day took one with a great deal of
+liquor on board, so kept the company hot, damned hot, then all things
+went well again.
+
+Thus it was these wretches passed their lives, with very little pleasure
+or satisfaction in the possession of what they violently take away from
+others, and sure to pay for it at last by an ignominious death.
+
+The names of the pirates killed in the engagement, are as follows:--
+
+Edward Teach, commander; Philip Morton, gunner; Garret Gibbens,
+boatswain; Owen Roberts, carpenter; Thomas Miller, quartermaster; John
+Husk, Joseph Curtice, Joseph Brooks (1), Nath. Jackson. All the rest,
+except the two last, were wounded, and afterwards hanged in
+Virginia:--John Carnes, Joseph Brooks (2), James Blake, John Gills,
+Thomas Gates, James White, Richard Stiles, Caesar, Joseph Philips, James
+Robbins, John Martin, Edward Salter, Stephen Daniel, Richard Greensail,
+Israel Hands, pardoned, Samuel Odel, acquitted.
+
+There were in the pirate sloops, and ashore in a tent near where the
+sloops lay, twenty-five hogsheads of sugar, eleven tierces, and one
+hundred and forty-five bags of cocoa, a barrel of indigo, and a bale of
+cotton; which, with what was taken from the governor and secretary, and
+the sale of the sloop, came to L2,500, besides the rewards paid by the
+governor of Virginia, pursuant to his proclamation; all which was
+divided among the companies of the two ships, _Lime_ and _Pearl_, that
+lay in James River; the brave fellows that took them coming in for no
+more than their dividend amongst the rest, and were paid it not till
+four years afterwards.
+
+
+II
+
+CAPTAIN WILLIAM KID
+
+We are now going to give an account of one whose name is better known in
+England than most of those whose histories we have already related; the
+person we mean is Captain Kid, whose public trial and execution here
+rendered him the subject of all conversation, so that his actions have
+been chanted about in ballads; however, it is now a considerable time
+since these things passed, and though the people knew in general that
+Captain Kid was hanged, and that his crime was piracy, yet there were
+scarce any, even at that time, who were acquainted with his life or
+actions, or could account for his turning pirate.
+
+In the beginning of King William's war, Captain Kid commanded a
+privateer in the West Indies, and by several adventurous actions
+acquired the reputation of a brave man, as well as an experienced
+seaman. About this time the pirates were very troublesome in those
+parts, wherefore Captain Kid was recommended by the Lord Bellamont, then
+governor of Barbadoes, as well as by several other persons, to the
+Government here, as a person very fit to be entrusted with the command
+of a Government ship, and to be employed in cruising upon the pirates,
+as knowing those seas perfectly well, and being acquainted with all
+their lurking places; but what reasons governed the politics of those
+times I cannot tell, but this proposal met with no encouragement here,
+though it is certain it would have been of great consequence to the
+subject, our merchants suffering incredible damages by those robbers.
+
+Upon this neglect the Lord Bellamont and some others, who knew what
+great captures had been made by the pirates, and what a prodigious
+wealth must be in their possession, were tempted to fit out a ship at
+their own private charge, and to give the command of it to Captain Kid;
+and to give the thing a great reputation, as well as to keep their
+seamen under the better command, they procured the King's Commission for
+the said Captain Kid, of which the following is an exact copy:--
+
+    "WILLIAM REX,--William the Third, by the grace of God, King of
+    England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c.
+    To our trusty and well-beloved Captain William Kid, Commander of the
+    ship the _Adventure_ galley, or to any other the commander of the
+    same for the time being, greeting; Whereas we are informed, that
+    Captain Thomas Too, John Ireland, Captain Thomas Wake, and Captain
+    William Maze, or Mace, and other subjects, natives or inhabitants of
+    New York, and elsewhere, in our plantations in America, have
+    associated themselves, with divers others, wicked and ill-disposed
+    persons, and do, against the law of nations, commit many and great
+    piracies, robberies, and depredations on the seas upon the parts of
+    America, and in other parts, to the great hindrance and
+    discouragement of trade and navigation, and to the great danger and
+    hurt of our loving subjects, our allies, and all others, navigating
+    the seas upon their lawful occasions. Now know ye, that we being
+    desirous to prevent the aforesaid mischiefs, and, as much as in us
+    lies, to bring the said pirates, freebooters and sea-rovers to
+    justice, have thought fit, and do hereby give and grant to the said
+    William Kid (to whom our Commissioners for exercising the office of
+    Lord High Admiral of England, have granted a commission as a private
+    man-of-war, bearing date December 11, 1695), and unto the commander
+    of the said ship for the time being, and unto the officers,
+    mariners, and others, which shall be under your command, full power
+    and authority to apprehend, seize, and take into your custody as
+    well the said Captain Thomas Too, John Ireland, Captain Thomas Wake,
+    and Captain William Maze, or Mace, as all such pirates, freebooters
+    and sea-rovers, being either our subjects, or of other nations
+    associated with them, which you shall meet with upon the seas or
+    coasts of America, or upon any other seas or coasts, with all their
+    ships and vessels; and all such merchandises, money, goods, and
+    wares as shall be found on board, or with them, in case they shall
+    willingly yield themselves; but if they will not yield without
+    fighting, then you are by force to compel them to yield. And we do
+    also require you to bring, or cause to be brought, such pirates,
+    freebooters, or sea-rovers, as you shall seize, to a legal trial, to
+    the end they may be proceeded against according to the law in such
+    cases. And we do hereby command all our officers, ministers, and
+    other our loving subjects whatsoever, to be aiding and assisting to
+    you in the premisses. And we do hereby enjoin you to keep an exact
+    journal of your proceedings in the execution of the premisses, and
+    set down the names of such pirates, and of their officers and
+    company, and the names of such ships and vessels as you shall by
+    virtue of these presents take and seize, and the quantities of arms,
+    ammunition, provision, and lading of such ships, and the true value
+    of the same, as near as you judge. And we do hereby strictly charge
+    and command you as you will answer the contrary at your peril, that
+    you do not, in any manner, offend or molest our friends or allies,
+    their ships, or subjects, by colour or pretence of these presents,
+    or the authority thereby granted. In witness whereof we have caused
+    our Great Seal of England to be affixed to these presents. Given at
+    our Court of Kensington, the 26th day of January, 1695, in the
+    seventh year of our reign."
+
+Captain Kid had also another commission, which was called a Commission
+of Reprisals; for it being then war time, this commission was to justify
+him in the taking of French merchant ships, in case he should meet with
+any.
+
+With these two commissions he sailed out of Plymouth in May, 1696, in
+the _Adventure_ galley of thirty guns and eighty men. The place he first
+designed for was New York; in his voyage thither he took a French
+banker, but this was no act of piracy, he having a commission for that
+purpose, as we have just observed.
+
+When he arrived at New York he put up articles for engaging more hands,
+it being necessary to his ship's crew, since he proposed to deal with a
+desperate enemy. The terms he offered were that every man should have a
+share of what was taken, reserving for himself and owners forty shares.
+Upon which encouragement he soon increased his company to a hundred and
+fifty-five men.
+
+With this company he sailed first for Madeira, where he took in wine
+and some other necessaries; from thence he proceeded to Bonavist, one of
+the Cape de Verde islands, to furnish the ship with salt, and from
+thence went immediately to St. Jago, another of the Cape de Verde
+islands, in order to stock himself with provisions. When all this was
+done he bent his course to Madagascar, the known rendezvous of pirates.
+In his way he fell in with Captain Warren, commodore of three
+men-of-war; he acquainted them with his design, kept them company two or
+three days, and then leaving them made the best way for Madagascar,
+where he arrived in February, 1696, just nine months from his departure
+from Plymouth.
+
+It happened that at this time the pirate ships were most of them out in
+search of prey, so that, according to the best intelligence Captain Kid
+could get, there was not one of them at this time about the island,
+wherefore, having spent some time in watering his ship and taking in
+more provisions, he thought of trying his fortune on the coast of
+Malabar, where he arrived in the month of June following, four months
+from his reaching Madagascar. Hereabouts he made an unsuccessful cruise,
+touching sometimes at the island of Mahala, sometimes at that of Joanna,
+between Malabar and Madagascar. His provisions were every day wasting,
+and his ship began to want repair; wherefore, when he was at Joanna, he
+found means of borrowing a sum of money from some Frenchmen who had lost
+their ship, but saved their effects, and with this he purchased
+materials for putting his ship in good repair.
+
+It does not appear all this while that he had the least design of
+turning pirate, for near Mahala and Joanna both he met with several
+Indian ships richly laden, to which he did not offer the least violence,
+though he was strong enough to have done what he pleased with them; and
+the first outrage or depredation I find he committed upon mankind was
+after his repairing his ship and leaving Joanna. He touched at a place
+called Mabbee, upon the Red Sea, where he took some Guinea corn from the
+natives, by force.
+
+After this he sailed to Bab's Key, a place upon a little island at the
+entrance of the Red Sea. Here it was that he first began to open himself
+to his ship's company, and let them understand that he intended to
+change his measures; for, happening to talk of the Moca fleet which was
+to sail that way, he said, "We have been unsuccessful hitherto; but
+courage, my boys, we'll make our fortunes out of this fleet." And
+finding that none of them appeared averse to it he ordered a boat out,
+well manned, to go upon the coast to make discoveries, commanding them
+to take a prisoner and bring to him, or get intelligence any way they
+could. The boat returned in a few days, bringing him word that they saw
+fourteen or fifteen ships ready to sail, some with English, some with
+Dutch, and some with Moorish colors.
+
+We cannot account for this sudden change in his conduct, otherwise than
+by supposing that he first meant well, while he had hopes of making his
+fortune by taking of pirates; but now, weary of ill-success, and fearing
+lest his owners, out of humor at their great expenses, should dismiss
+him, and he should want employment, and be marked out for an unlucky
+man--rather, I say, than run the hazard of poverty, he resolved to do
+his business one way, since he could not do it another.
+
+He therefore ordered a man continually to watch at the mast-head, lest
+this fleet should go by them; and about four days after, towards evening
+it appeared in sight, being convoyed by one English and one Dutch
+man-of-war. Kid soon fell in with them, and, getting into the midst of
+them, fired at a Moorish ship which was next him; but the men-of-war,
+taking the alarm, bore down upon Kid, and, firing upon him, obliged him
+to sheer off, he not being strong enough to contend with them. Now he
+had begun hostilities he resolved to go on, and therefore he went and
+cruised along the coast of Malabar. The first prize he met was a small
+vessel belonging to Aden; the vessel was Moorish, and the owners were
+Moorish merchants, but the master was an Englishman; his name was
+Parker. Kid forced him and a Portuguese that was called Don Antonio,
+which were all the Europeans on board, to take on with them; the first
+he designed as a pilot, and the last as an interpreter. He also used the
+men very cruelly, causing them to be hoisted up by the arms, and
+drubbed with a naked cutlass, to force them to discover whether they had
+money on board, and where it lay; but as they had neither gold nor
+silver on board he got nothing by his cruelty; however, he took from
+them a bale of pepper, and a bale of coffee, and so let them go.
+
+A little time after he touched at Carawar, a place upon the same coast,
+where, before he arrived, the news of what he had done to the Moorish
+ship had reached them; for some of the English merchants there had
+received an account of it from the owners, who corresponded with them;
+wherefore, as soon as Kid came in, he was suspected to be the person who
+committed this piracy, and one Mr. Harvey and Mr. Mason, two of the
+English factory, came on board and asked for Parker and Antonio, the
+Portuguese, but Kid denied that he knew any such persons, having secured
+them both in a private place in the hold, where they were kept for seven
+or eight days, that is till Kid sailed from thence.
+
+However, the coast was alarmed, and a Portuguese man-of-war was sent out
+to cruise. Kid met with her, and fought her about six hours, gallantly
+enough; but finding her too strong to be taken, he quitted her, for he
+was able to run away from her when he would. Then he went to a place
+called Porco, where he watered the ship, and bought a number of hogs of
+the natives to victual his company.
+
+Soon after this he came up with a Moorish ship, the master whereof was a
+Dutchman, called Schipper Mitchel, and chased her under French colors,
+which, they observing, hoisted French colors too. When he came up with
+her he hailed her in French, and they, having a Frenchman on board,
+answered him in the same language; upon which he ordered them to send
+their boat on board. They were obliged to do so, and having examined who
+they were, and from whence they came, he asked the Frenchman, who was a
+passenger, if he had a French pass for himself? The Frenchman gave him
+to understand that he had. Then he told the Frenchman he must pass for
+captain, and "by G--d," says he, "you are the captain." The Frenchman
+durst not refuse doing as he would have him. The meaning of this was,
+that he would seize the ship as fair prize, and as if she had belonged
+to French subjects, according to a commission he had for that purpose;
+though, one would think, after what he had already done, that he need
+not have recourse to a quibble to give his actions a color.
+
+In short, he took the cargo and sold it some time after; yet still he
+seemed to have some fears upon him lest these proceedings should have a
+bad end, for, coming up with a Dutch ship some time, when his men
+thought of nothing but attacking her, Kid opposed it; upon which a
+mutiny arose, and the majority being for taking the said ship, and
+arming themselves to man the boat to go and seize her, he told them,
+such as did, never should come on board him again, which put an end to
+the design, so that he kept company with the said ship some time,
+without offering her any violence. However, this dispute was the
+occasion of an accident, upon which an indictment was afterwards
+grounded against Kid; for Moor, the gunner, being one day upon deck, and
+talking with Kid about the said Dutch ship, some words arose between
+them, and Moor told Kid that he had ruined them all; upon which Kid,
+calling him dog, took up a bucket and struck him with it, which,
+breaking his skull, he died the next day.
+
+But Kid's penitential fit did not last long, for, coasting along
+Malabar, he met with a great number of boats, all which he plundered.
+Upon the same coast he also lighted upon a Portuguese ship, which he
+kept possession of a week, and then, having taken out of her some chests
+of Indian goods, thirty jars of butter, with some wax, iron, and a
+hundred bags of rice, he let her go.
+
+Much about the same time he went to one of the Malabar islands for wood
+and water, and his cooper, being ashore, was murdered by the natives;
+upon which Kid himself landed, and burnt and pillaged several of their
+houses, the people running away; but having taken one, he caused him to
+be tied to a tree, and commanded one of his men to shoot him; then
+putting to sea again he took the greatest prize which fell into his
+hands while he followed his trade. This was a Moorish ship of four
+hundred tons, richly laden, named the _Queda_, merchant, the master
+whereof was an Englishman--he was called Wright, for the Indians often
+make use of English or Dutch men to command their ships, their own
+mariners not being so good artists in navigation. Kid chased her under
+French colors, and, having come up with her, he ordered her to hoist out
+her boat and to send on board of him, which, being done, he told Wright
+he was his prisoner; and informing himself concerning the said ship, he
+understood there were no Europeans on board except two Dutch, and one
+Frenchman, all the rest being Indians or Armenians, and that the
+Armenians were part owners of the cargo. Kid gave the Armenians to
+understand that if they would offer anything that was worth his taking
+for their ransom, he would hearken to it; upon which they proposed to
+pay him twenty thousand rupees, not quite three thousand pounds
+sterling; but Kid judged this would be making a bad bargain, wherefore
+he rejected it, and setting the crew on shore at different places on the
+coast, he soon sold as much of the cargo as came to near ten thousand
+pounds. With part of it he also trafficked, receiving in exchange
+provisions or such other goods as he wanted. By degrees he disposed of
+the whole cargo, and when the division was made it came to about two
+hundred pounds a man, and, having reserved forty shares to himself, his
+dividend amounted to about eight thousand pounds sterling.
+
+The Indians along the coast came on board and trafficked with all
+freedom, and he punctually performed his bargains, till about the time
+he was ready to sail; and then, thinking he should have no further
+occasion for them, he made no scruple of taking their goods and setting
+them on shore without any payment in money or goods, which they little
+expected; for as they had been used to deal with pirates, they always
+found them men of honor in the way of trade--a people, enemies to
+deceit, and that scorned to rob but in their own way.
+
+Kid put some of his men on board the _Queda_, merchant, and with this
+ship and his own sailed for Madagascar. As soon as he was arrived and
+had cast anchor there came on board of him a canoe, in which were
+several Englishmen who had formerly been well acquainted with Kid. As
+soon as they saw him they saluted him and told him they were informed he
+was come to take them, and hang them, which would be a little unkind in
+such an old acquaintance. Kid soon dissipated their doubts by swearing
+he had no such design, and that he was now in every respect their
+brother, and just as bad as they, and, calling for a cup of bomboo,
+drank their captain's health.
+
+These men belonged to a pirate ship, called the _Resolution_, formerly
+the _Mocco_, merchant, whereof one Captain Culliford was commander, and
+which lay at an anchor not far from them. Kid went on board with them,
+promising them his friendship and assistance, and Culliford in his turn
+came on board of Kid; and Kid, to testify his sincerity in iniquity,
+finding Culliford in want of some necessaries, made him a present of an
+anchor and some guns, to fit him out for the sea again.
+
+The _Adventure_ galley was now so old and leaky that they were forced to
+keep two pumps continually going, wherefore Kid shifted all the guns and
+tackle out of her into the _Queda_, merchant, intending her for his
+man-of-war; and as he had divided the money before, he now made a
+division of the remainder of the cargo. Soon after which the greatest
+part of the company left him, some going on board Captain Culliford, and
+others absconding in the country, so that he had not above forty men
+left.
+
+He put to sea and happened to touch at Amboyna, one of the Dutch spice
+islands, where he was told that the news of his actions had reached
+England, and that he was there declared a pirate.
+
+The truth of it is, his piracies so alarmed our merchants that some
+motions were made in Parliament, to inquire into the commission that was
+given him, and the persons who fitted him out. These proceedings seemed
+to lean a little hard upon the Lord Bellamont, who thought himself so
+much touched thereby that he published a justification of himself in a
+pamphlet after Kid's execution. In the meantime it was thought
+advisable, in order to stop the course of these piracies, to publish a
+proclamation, offering the king's free pardon to all such pirates as
+should voluntarily surrender themselves, whatever piracies they had been
+guilty of at any time, before the last day of April, 1699. That is to
+say, for all piracies committed eastward of the Cape of Good Hope, to
+the longitude and meridian of Socatora and Cape Camorin. In which
+proclamation Avery[12] and Kid were excepted by name.
+
+When Kid left Amboyna he knew nothing of this proclamation, for
+certainly had he had notice of his being excepted in it he would not
+have been so infatuated to run himself into the very jaws of danger; but
+relying upon his interest with the Lord Bellamont, and fancying that a
+French pass or two he found on board some of the ships he took would
+serve to countenance the matter, and that part of the booty he got would
+gain him new friends--I say, all these things made him flatter himself
+that all would be hushed, and that justice would but wink at him.
+Wherefore he sailed directly for New York, where he was no sooner
+arrived but by the Lord Bellamont's orders he was secured with all his
+papers and effects. Many of his fellow-adventurers who had forsook him
+at Madagascar, came over from thence passengers, some to New England,
+and some to Jersey, where, hearing of the king's proclamation for
+pardoning of pirates, they surrendered themselves to the governor of
+those places. At first they were admitted to bail, but soon after were
+laid in strict confinement, where they were kept for some time, till an
+opportunity happened of sending them with their captain over to England
+to be tried.
+
+Accordingly, a Sessions of Admiralty being held at the Old Bailey, in
+May, 1701, Captain Kid, Nicholas Churchill, James How, Robert Lumley,
+William Jenkins, Gabriel Loff, Hugh Parrot, Richard Barlicorn, Abel
+Owens, and Darby Mullins, were arraigned for piracy and robbery on the
+high seas, and all found guilty except three: these were Robert Lumley,
+William Jenkins, and Richard Barlicorn, who, proving themselves to be
+apprentices to some of the officers of the ship, and producing their
+indentures in court, were acquitted.
+
+The three above mentioned, though they were proved to be concerned in
+taking and sharing the ship and goods mentioned in the indictment, yet,
+as the gentlemen of the long robe rightly distinguished, there was a
+great difference between their circumstances and the rest; for there
+must go an intention of the mind and a freedom of the will to the
+committing an act of felony or piracy. A pirate is not to be understood
+to be under constraint, but a free agent; for, in this case, the bare
+act will not make a man guilty, unless the will make it so.
+
+Kid was tried upon an indictment of murder also--viz., for killing Moor,
+the gunner--and found guilty of the same.
+
+As to Captain Kid's defense, he insisted much upon his own innocence,
+and the villainy of his men. He said he went out in a laudable
+employment, and had no occasion, being then in good circumstances, to go
+a-pirating; that the men often mutinied against him, and did as they
+pleased; that he was threatened to be shot in his cabin, and that
+ninety-five left him at one time, and set fire to his boat, so that he
+was disabled from bringing his ship home, or the prizes he took, to have
+them regularly condemned, which he said were taken by virtue of a
+commission under the broad seal, they having French passes. The captain
+called one Colonel Hewson to his reputation, who gave him an
+extraordinary character, and declared to the court that he had served
+under his command, and been in two engagements with him against the
+French, in which he fought as well as any man he ever saw; that there
+were only Kid's ship and his own against Monsieur du Cass, who commanded
+a squadron of six sail, and they got the better of him. But this being
+several years before the facts mentioned in the indictment were
+committed, proved of no manner of service to the prisoner on his trial.
+
+As to the friendship shown to Culliford, a notorious pirate, Kid denied,
+and said he intended to have taken him, but his men, being a parcel of
+rogues and villains, refused to stand by him, and several of them ran
+away from his ship to the said pirate. But the evidence being full and
+particular against him, he was found guilty as before mentioned.
+
+When Kid was asked what he had to say why sentence should not pass
+against him, he answered that "he had nothing to say, but that he had
+been sworn against by perjured, wicked people." And when sentence was
+pronounced, he said, "My lord, it is a very hard sentence. For my part I
+am the innocentest person of them all, only I have been sworn against by
+perjured persons."
+
+Wherefore, about a week after, Captain Kid, Nicholas Churchill, James
+How, Gabriel Loff, Hugh Parrot, Abel Owen, and Darby Mullins, were
+executed at Execution Dock, and afterwards hung up in chains, at some
+distance from each other down the river, where their bodies hung exposed
+for many years.
+
+
+III
+
+CAPTAIN BARTHOLOMEW ROBERTS AND HIS CREW
+
+Bartholomew Roberts sailed in an honest employ from London, aboard of
+the _Princess_, Captain Plumb, commander, of which ship he was second
+mate. He left England November, 1719, and arrived at Guinea about
+February following and being at Anamaboe, taking in slaves for the West
+Indies, was taken in the said ship by Captain Howel Davis. In the
+beginning he was very averse to this sort of life, and would certainly
+have escaped from them had a fair opportunity presented itself; yet
+afterwards he changed his principles, as many besides him have done upon
+another element, and perhaps for the same reason too, viz., preferment;
+and what he did not like as a private man he could reconcile to his
+conscience as a commander.
+
+Davis having been killed in the Island of Princes whilst planning to
+capture it with all its inhabitants, the company found themselves under
+the necessity of filling up his post, for which there appeared two or
+three candidates among the select part of them that were distinguished
+by the title of Lords--such were Sympson, Ashplant, Anstis, &c.--and on
+canvassing this matter, how shattered and weak a condition their
+government must be without a head, since Davis had been removed in the
+manner before mentioned, my Lord Dennis proposed, it is said, over a
+bowl, to this purpose:
+
+"That it was not of any great signification who was dignified with
+title, for really and in good truth all good governments had, like
+theirs, the supreme power lodged with the community, who might doubtless
+depute and revoke as suited interest or humor. We are the original of
+this claim," says he, "and should a captain be so saucy as to exceed
+prescription at any time, why, down with him! It will be a caution after
+he is dead to his successors of what fatal consequence any sort of
+assuming may be. However, it is my advice that while we are sober we
+pitch upon a man of courage and skilled in navigation, one who by his
+council and bravery seems best able to defend this commonwealth, and
+ward us from the dangers and tempests of an unstable element, and the
+fatal consequences of anarchy; and such a one I take Roberts to be--a
+fellow, I think, in all respects worthy your esteem and favor."
+
+This speech was loudly applauded by all but Lord Sympson, who had secret
+expectations himself, but on this disappointment grew sullen and left
+them, swearing "he did not care who they chose captain so it was not a
+papist, for against them he had conceived an irreconcilable hatred, for
+that his father had been a sufferer in Monmouth's rebellion."
+
+Roberts was accordingly elected, though he had not been above six weeks
+among them. The choice was confirmed both by the Lords and Commoners,
+and he accepted of the honor, saying that, since he had dipped his hands
+in muddy water and must be a pirate, it was better being a commander
+than a common man.
+
+As soon as the government was settled, by promoting other officers in
+the room of those that were killed by the Portuguese, the company
+resolved to avenge Captain Davis's death, he being more than ordinarily
+respected by the crew for his affability and good nature, as well as his
+conduct and bravery upon all occasions; and, pursuant to this
+resolution, about thirty men were landed, in order to make an attack
+upon the fort, which must be ascended to by a steep hill against the
+mouth of the cannon. These men were headed by one Kennedy, a bold,
+daring fellow, but very wicked and profligate; they marched directly up
+under the fire of their ship guns, and as soon as they were discovered,
+the Portuguese quitted their post and fled to the town, and the pirates
+marched in without opposition, set fire to the fort, and threw all the
+guns off the hill into the sea, which after they had done they retreated
+quietly to their ship.
+
+But this was not looked upon as a sufficient satisfaction for the injury
+they received, therefore most of the company were for burning the town,
+which Roberts said he would yield to if any means could be proposed of
+doing it without their own destruction, for the town had a securer
+situation than the fort, a thick wood coming almost close to it,
+affording cover to the defendants, who, under such an advantage, he told
+them, it was to be feared, would fire and stand better to their arms;
+beside, that bare houses would be but a slender reward for their trouble
+and loss. This prudent advice prevailed; however, they mounted the
+French ship they seized at this place with twelve guns, and lightened
+her, in order to come up to the town, the water being shoal, and
+battered down several houses; after which they all returned on board,
+gave back the French ship to those that had most right to her, and
+sailed out of the harbor by the light of two Portuguese ships, which
+they were pleased to set on fire there.
+
+Roberts stood away to the southward, and met with a Dutch Guineaman,
+which he made prize of, but, after having plundered her, the skipper had
+his ship again. Two days after he took an English ship, called the
+_Experiment_, Captain Cornet, at Cape Lopez; the men went all into the
+pirate service, and having no occasion for the ship they burnt her and
+then steered for St. Thome, but meeting with nothing in their way, they
+sailed for Annabona, and there watered, took in provisions, and put it
+to a vote of the company whether their next voyage should be to the East
+Indies or to Brazil. The latter being resolved on, they sailed
+accordingly, and in twenty-eight days arrived at Ferdinando, an
+uninhabited island on that coast. Here they watered, boot-topped their
+ship, and made ready for the designed cruise.
+
+Upon this coast our rovers cruised for about nine weeks, keeping
+generally out of sight of land, but without seeing a sail, which
+discouraged them so that they determined to leave the station and steer
+for the West Indies; and, in order thereto, stood in to make the land
+for the taking of their departure; and thereby they fell in unexpectedly
+with a fleet of forty-two sail of Portuguese ships off the bay of Los
+Todos Santos, with all their lading in, for Lisbon, several of them of
+good force, who lay-to waiting for two men-of-war of seventy guns each,
+their convoy. However, Roberts thought it should go hard with him, but
+he would make up his market among them, and thereupon mixed with the
+fleet, and kept his men hid till proper resolutions could be formed.
+That done, they came close up to one of the deepest, and ordered her to
+send the master on board quietly, threatening to give them no quarter
+if any resistance or signal of distress was made. The Portuguese, being
+surprised at these threats, and the sudden flourish of cutlasses from
+the pirates, submitted without a word, and the captain came on board.
+Roberts saluted him after a friendly manner telling him that they were
+gentlemen of fortune, but that their business with him was only to be
+informed which was the richest ship in that fleet; and if he directed
+them right he should be restored to his ship without molestation,
+otherwise he must expect immediate death.
+
+Whereupon this Portuguese master pointed to one of forty guns and a
+hundred and fifty men, a ship of greater force than the _Rover_; but
+this no ways dismayed them; they were Portuguese, they said, and so
+immediately steered away for him. When they came within hail, the master
+whom they had prisoner was ordered to ask "how Seignior Captain did?"
+and to invite him on board, "for that he had a matter of consequence to
+impart to him;" which being done, he returned for answer that "he would
+wait upon him presently," but by the bustle that immediately followed,
+the pirates perceived that they were discovered, and that this was only
+a deceitful answer to gain time to put their ship in a posture of
+defense; so without further delay they poured in a broadside, boarded,
+and grappled her. The dispute was short and warm, wherein many of the
+Portuguese fell, and two only of the pirates. By this time the fleet was
+alarmed: signals of top-gallant sheets flying and guns fired to give
+notice to the men-of-war, who rid still at an anchor, and made but
+scurvy haste out to their assistance; and if what the pirates themselves
+related to be true, the commanders of those ships were blameable to the
+highest degree, and unworthy the title, or so much as the name, of men.
+For Roberts, finding the prize to sail heavy, and yet resolving not to
+lose her, lay by for the headmost of them, which much outsailed the
+other, and prepared for battle, which was ignominiously declined, though
+of such superior force; for, not daring to venture on the pirate alone,
+he tarried so long for his consort as gave them both time leisurely to
+make off.
+
+They found this ship exceedingly rich, being laden chiefly with sugar,
+skins, and tobacco, and in gold forty thousand moidores, besides chains
+and trinkets of considerable value; particularly a cross set with
+diamonds designed for the king of Portugal, which they afterwards
+presented to the governor of Caiana, by whom they were obliged.
+
+Elated with this booty, they had nothing now to think of but some safe
+retreat where they might give themselves up to all the pleasures that
+luxury and wantonness could bestow; and for the present pitched upon a
+place called the Devil's Islands in the river of Surinam, on the coast
+of Caiana, where they arrived, and found the civilest reception
+imaginable, not only from the governor and factory, but their wives,
+who exchanged wares, and drove a considerable trade with them.
+
+They seized in this river a sloop, and by her gained intelligence that a
+brigantine had also sailed in company with her from Rhode Island, laden
+with provisions for the coast--a welcome cargo! They growing short in
+the sea store, and, as Sancho says, "No adventures to be made without
+belly-timber." One evening, as they were rummaging their mine of
+treasure, the Portuguese prize, this expected vessel was descried at the
+masthead, and Roberts, imagining nobody could do the business so well as
+himself, takes forty men in the sloop, and goes in pursuit of her; but a
+fatal accident followed this rash, though inconsiderable adventure, for
+Roberts, thinking of nothing less than bringing in the brigantine that
+afternoon, never troubled his head about the sloop's provision, nor
+inquired what there was on board to subsist such a number of men; but
+out he sails after his expected prize, which he not only lost further
+sight of, but after eight days' contending with contrary winds and
+currents, found themselves thirty leagues to leeward. The current still
+opposing their endeavors, and perceiving no hopes of beating up to their
+ship, they came to an anchor, and inconsiderately sent away the boat to
+give the rest of the company notice of their condition, and to order the
+ship to them; but too soon--even the next day--their wants made them
+sensible of their infatuation, for their water was all expended, and
+they had taken no thought how they should be supplied till either the
+ship came or the boat returned, which was not likely to be under five or
+six days. Here, like Tantalus, they almost famished in sight of the
+fresh streams and lakes, being drove to such extremity at last that they
+were forced to tear up the floor of the cabin and patch up a sort of tub
+or tray with rope-yarns to paddle ashore and fetch off immediate
+supplies of water to preserve life.
+
+After some days the long-wished-for boat came back, but with the most
+unwelcome news in the world; for Kennedy, who was lieutenant, and left,
+in absence of Roberts, to command the privateer and prize, was gone off
+with both. This was mortification with a vengeance, and you may imagine
+they did not depart without some hard speeches from those that were left
+and had suffered by their treachery. And that there need be no further
+mention of this Kennedy, I shall leave Captain Roberts to vent his wrath
+in a few oaths and execrations, and follow the other, whom we may reckon
+from that time as steering his course towards Execution Dock.
+
+Kennedy was now chosen captain of the revolted crew, but could not bring
+his company to any determined resolution. Some of them were for pursuing
+the old game, but the greater part of them seemed to have inclinations
+to turn from those evil courses, and get home privately, for there was
+no act of pardon in force; therefore they agreed to break up, and every
+man to shift for himself, as he should see occasion. The first thing
+they did was to part with the great Portuguese prize, and having the
+master of the sloop (whose name, I think, was Cane) aboard, who, they
+said, was a very honest fellow--for he had humored them upon every
+occasion--told them of the brigantine that Roberts went after; and when
+the pirates first took him he complimented them at any odd rate, telling
+them they were welcome to his sloop and cargo, and wished that the
+vessel had been larger and the loading richer for their sakes. To this
+good-natured man they gave the Portuguese ship, which was then above
+half loaded, three or four negroes, and all his own men, who returned
+thanks to his kind benefactors, and departed.
+
+Captain Kennedy, in the _Rover_, sailed to Barbadoes, near which island
+they took a very peaceable ship belonging to Virginia. The commander was
+a Quaker, whose name was Knot; he had neither pistol, sword, nor cutlass
+on board; and Mr. Knot appearing so very passive to all they said to
+him, some of them thought this a good opportunity to go off; and
+accordingly eight of the pirates went aboard, and he carried them safe
+to Virginia. They made the Quaker a present of ten chests of sugar, ten
+rolls of Brazil tobacco, thirty moidores, and some gold dust, in all to
+the value of about L250. They also made presents to the sailors, some
+more, some less, and lived a jovial life all the while they were upon
+their voyage, Captain Knot giving them their way; nor, indeed, could he
+help himself, unless he had taken an opportunity to surprise them when
+they were either drunk or asleep, for awake they wore arms aboard the
+ship and put him in a continual terror, it not being his principle (or
+the sect's) to fight, unless with art and collusion. He managed these
+weapons well till he arrived at the Capes; and afterwards four of the
+pirates went off in a boat, which they had taken with them for the more
+easily making their escapes, and made up the bay towards Maryland, but
+were forced back by a storm into an obscure place of the country, where,
+meeting with good entertainment among the planters, they continued
+several days without being discovered to be pirates. In the meantime
+Captain Knot, leaving four others on board his ship who intended to go
+to North Carolina, made what haste he could to discover to Mr.
+Spotswood, the governor, what sort of passengers he had been forced to
+bring with him, who, by good fortune, got them seized; and search being
+made after the others, who were revelling about the country, they were
+also taken, and all tried, convicted, and hanged; two Portuguese Jews,
+who were taken on the coast of Brazil and whom they brought with them to
+Virginia, being the principal evidences. The latter had found means to
+lodge part of their wealth with the planters, who never brought it to
+account. But Captain Knot surrendered up everything that belonged to
+them that were taken aboard, even what they presented to him, in lieu
+of such things as they had plundered him of in their passage, and
+obliged his men to do the like.
+
+Some days after the taking of the Virginiaman last mentioned, in
+cruising in the latitude of Jamaica, Kennedy took a sloop bound thither
+from Boston, loaded with bread and flour; aboard of this sloop went all
+the hands who were for breaking the gang, and left those behind that had
+a mind to pursue further adventures. Among the former was Kennedy, their
+captain, of whose honor they had such a despicable notion that they were
+about to throw him overboard when they found him in the sloop, as
+fearing he might betray them all at their return to England; he having
+in his childhood been bred a pick-pocket, and before he became a pirate
+a house-breaker; both professions that these gentlemen have a very mean
+opinion of. However, Captain Kennedy, by taking solemn oaths of fidelity
+to his companions, was suffered to proceed with them.
+
+In this company there was but one that pretended to any skill in
+navigation (for Kennedy could neither write nor read, he being preferred
+to the command merely for his courage, which indeed he had often
+signalized, particularly in taking the Portuguese ship), and he proved
+to be a pretender only; for, shaping their course to Ireland, where they
+agreed to land, they ran away to the north-west coast of Scotland, and
+there were tossed about by hard storms of wind for several days without
+knowing where they were, and in great danger of perishing. At length
+they pushed the vessel into a little creek and went all ashore, leaving
+the sloop at an anchor for the next comers.
+
+The whole company refreshed themselves at a little village about five
+miles from the place where they left the sloop, and passed there for
+shipwrecked sailors, and no doubt might have travelled on without
+suspicion, but the mad and riotous manner of their living on the road
+occasioned their journey to be cut short, as we shall observe presently.
+
+Kennedy and another left them here, and, travelling to one of the
+seaports, shipped themselves for Ireland, and arrived there in safety.
+Six or seven wisely withdrew from the rest, travelled at their leisure,
+and got to their much-desired port of London without being disturbed or
+suspected, but the main gang alarmed the country wherever they came,
+drinking and roaring at such a rate that the people shut themselves up
+in their houses, in some places not daring to venture out among so many
+mad fellows. In other villages they treated the whole town, squandering
+their money away as if, like AEsop, they wanted to lighten their
+burthens. This expensive manner of living procured two of their drunken
+stragglers to be knocked on the head, they being found murdered in the
+road and their money taken from them. All the rest, to the number of
+seventeen, as they drew nigh to Edinburgh, were arrested and thrown
+into gaol upon suspicion of they knew not what; however, the magistrates
+were not long at a loss for proper accusations, for two of the gang
+offering themselves for evidences were accepted of, and the others were
+brought to a speedy trial, whereof nine were convicted and executed.
+
+Kennedy having spent all his money, came over from Ireland and kept a
+public-house on Deptford Road, and now and then it was thought, made an
+excursion abroad in the way of his former profession, till one of his
+household gave information against him for a robbery, for which he was
+committed to Bridewell; but because she would not do the business by
+halves she found out a mate of a ship that Kennedy had committed piracy
+upon, as he foolishly confessed to her. This mate, whose name was Grant,
+paid Kennedy a visit in Bridewell, and knowing him to be the man,
+procured a warrant, and had him committed to the Marshalsea prison.
+
+The game that Kennedy had now to play was to turn evidence himself;
+accordingly he gave a list of eight or ten of his comrades, but, not
+being acquainted with their habitations, one only was taken, who, though
+condemned, appeared to be a man of a fair character, was forced into
+their service, and took the first opportunity to get from them, and
+therefore received a pardon; but Walter Kennedy, being a notorious
+offender, was executed July 19, 1721, at Execution Dock.
+
+The rest of the pirates who were left in the ship _Rover_ stayed not
+long behind, for they went ashore to one of the West India islands. What
+became of them afterwards I cannot tell, but the ship was found at sea
+by a sloop belonging to _St. Christophers_, and carried into that island
+with only nine negroes aboard.
+
+Thus we see what a disastrous fate ever attends the wicked, and how
+rarely they escape the punishment due to their crimes, who, abandoned to
+such a profligate life, rob, spoil, and prey upon mankind, contrary to
+the light and law of nature, as well as the law of God. It might have
+been hoped that the examples of these deaths would have been as marks to
+the remainder of this gang, how to shun the rocks their companions had
+split on; that they would have surrendered to mercy, or divided
+themselves for ever from such pursuits, as in the end they might be sure
+would subject them to the same law and punishment, which they must be
+conscious they now equally deserved; impending law, which never let them
+sleep well unless when drunk. But all the use that was made of it here,
+was to commend the justice of the court that condemned Kennedy, for he
+was a sad dog, they said, and deserved the fate he met with.
+
+But to go back to Roberts, whom we left on the coast of Caiana, in a
+grievous passion at what Kennedy and the crew had done, and who was now
+projecting new adventures with his small company in the sloop; but
+finding hitherto they had been but as a rope of sand, they formed a set
+of articles to be signed and sworn to for the better conservation of
+their society, and doing justice to one another, excluding all Irishmen
+from the benefit of it, to whom they had an implacable aversion upon the
+account of Kennedy. How, indeed, Roberts could think that an oath would
+be obligatory where defiance had been given to the laws of God and man,
+I cannot tell, but he thought their greatest security lay in this--"that
+it was every one's interest to observe them, if they minded to keep up
+so abominable a combination."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following is the substance of articles as taken from the pirates'
+own informations:--
+
+
+I
+
+Every man has a vote in affairs of moment, has equal title to the fresh
+provisions or strong liquors at any time seized, and may use them at
+pleasure, unless a scarcity (no uncommon thing among them) make it
+necessary for the good of all to vote a retrenchment.
+
+
+II
+
+Every man to be called fairly in turn by list, on board of prizes,
+because, over and above their proper share, they were on these occasions
+allowed a shift of clothes. But if they defrauded the company to the
+value of a dollar, in plate, jewels, or money, marooning was their
+punishment. (This was a barbarous custom of putting the offender on
+shore, on some desolate or uninhabited cape or island, with a gun, a few
+shot, a bottle of water, a bottle of powder, to subsist with or starve.)
+If the robbery was only between one another, they contented themselves
+with slitting the ears and nose of him that was guilty, and set him on
+shore, not in an uninhabited place, but somewhere where he was sure to
+encounter hardships.
+
+
+III
+
+No person to game at cards or dice for money.
+
+
+IV
+
+The lights and candles to be put out at eight o'clock at night. If any
+of the crew after that hour still remained inclined for drinking, they
+were to do it on the open deck. (Which Roberts believed would give a
+check to their debauches, for he was a sober man himself, but found at
+length that all his endeavors to put an end to this debauch proved
+ineffectual.)
+
+
+V
+
+To keep their piece, pistols, and cutlass clean, and fit for service.
+(In this they were extravagantly nice, endeavoring to outdo one another
+in the beauty and richness of their arms, giving sometimes at an
+auction--at the mast--L30 or L40 a pair for pistols. These were slung in
+time of service, with different colored ribbons, over their shoulders,
+in a way peculiar to these fellows, in which they took great delight.)
+
+
+VI
+
+No boy or woman to be allowed amongst them. If any man were found
+seducing any of the latter sex, and carried her to sea disguised, he was
+to suffer death. (So that when any fell into their hands, as it chanced
+in the _Onslow_, they put a sentinel immediately over her to prevent ill
+consequences from so dangerous an instrument of division and quarrel;
+but then here lies the roguery--they contend who shall be sentinel,
+which happens generally to one of the greatest bullies.)
+
+
+VII
+
+To desert the ship or their quarters in battle, was punished with death
+or marooning.
+
+
+VIII
+
+No striking one another on board, but every man's quarrel to be ended on
+shore, at sword and pistol. Thus the quartermaster of the ship, when the
+parties will not come to any reconciliation, accompanies them on shore
+with what assistance he thinks proper, and turns the disputants back to
+back at so many paces distance. At the word of command they turn and
+fire immediately, or else the piece is knocked out of their hands. If
+both miss, they come to their cutlasses, and then he is declared victor
+who draws the first blood.
+
+
+IX
+
+No man to talk of breaking up their way of living till each had shared
+L1,000. If, in order to this, any man should lose a limb, or become a
+cripple in their service, he was to have 800 dollars out of the public
+stock, and for lesser hurts proportionably.
+
+
+X
+
+The captain and quartermaster to receive two shares of a prize; the
+master, boatswain, and gunner, one share and a half, the other officers
+one and a quarter.
+
+
+XI
+
+The musicians to have rest on the Sabbath-day, but the other six days
+and nights none without special favor.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These, we are assured, were some of Roberts's articles, but as they had
+taken care to throw overboard the original they had signed and sworn to,
+there is a great deal of room to suspect the remainder contained
+something too horrid to be disclosed to any, except such as were willing
+to be sharers in the iniquity of them. Let them be what they will, they
+were together the test of all newcomers, who were initiated by an oath
+taken on a Bible, reserved for that purpose only, and were subscribed to
+in presence of the worshipful Mr. Roberts. And in case any doubt should
+arise concerning the construction of these laws, and it should remain a
+dispute whether the party had infringed them or no, a jury was appointed
+to explain them, and bring in a verdict upon the case in doubt.
+
+Since we are now speaking of the laws of this company, I shall go on,
+and, in as brief a manner as I can, relate the principal customs and
+government of this roguish commonwealth, which are pretty near the same
+with all pirates.
+
+For the punishment of small offences which are not provided for by the
+articles, and which are not of consequence enough to be left to a jury,
+there is a principal officer among the pirates, called the
+quartermaster, of the men's own choosing, who claims all authority this
+way, excepting in time of battle. If they disobey his command, are
+quarrelsome and mutinous with one another, misuse prisoners, plunder
+beyond his order, and in particular, if they be negligent of their arms,
+which he musters at discretion, he punishes at his own arbitrament, with
+drubbing or whipping, which no one else dare do without incurring the
+lash from all the ship's company. In short, this officer is trustee for
+the whole, is the first on board any prize, separating for the company's
+use what he pleases, and returning what he thinks fit to the owners,
+excepting gold and silver, which they have voted not returnable.
+
+After a description of the quartermaster and his duty, who acts as a
+sort of civil magistrate on board a pirate ship, I shall consider their
+military officer, the captain; what privileges he exerts in such anarchy
+and unruliness of the members. Why, truly very little--they only permit
+him to be captain, on condition that they may be captain over him; they
+separate to his use the great cabin, and sometimes vote him small
+parcels of plate and china (for it may be noted that Roberts drank his
+tea constantly), but then every man, as the humor takes him, will use
+the plate and china, intrude into his apartment, swear at him, seize a
+part of his victuals and drink, if they like it, without his offering to
+find fault or contest it. Yet Roberts, by a better management than
+usual, became the chief director in everything of moment; and it
+happened thus:--The rank of captain being obtained by the suffrage of
+the majority, it falls on one superior for knowledge and
+boldness--pistol proof, as they call it--who can make those fear who do
+not love him. Roberts is said to have exceeded his fellows in these
+respects, and when advanced, enlarged the respect that followed it by
+making a sort of privy council of half a dozen of the greatest bullies,
+such as were his competitors, and had interest enough to make his
+government easy; yet even those, in the latter part of his reign, he had
+run counter to in every project that opposed his own opinion; for which,
+and because he grew reserved and would not drink and roar at their rate,
+a cabal was formed to take away his captainship, which death did more
+effectually.
+
+The captain's power is uncontrollable in chase or in battle, drubbing,
+cutting, or even shooting any one who dares deny his command. The same
+privilege he takes over prisoners, who receive good or ill usage mostly
+as he approves of their behavior, for though the meanest would take upon
+them to misuse a master of a ship, yet he would control herein when he
+sees it, and merrily over a bottle give his prisoners this double reason
+for it: first, that it preserved his precedence; and secondly, that it
+took the punishment out of the hands of a much more rash and mad set of
+fellows than himself. When he found that rigor was not expected from his
+people (for he often practiced it to appease them), then he would give
+strangers to understand that it was pure inclination that induced him to
+a good treatment of them, and not any love or partiality to their
+persons; for, says he, "there is none of you but will hang me, I know,
+whenever you can clinch me within your power."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+And now, seeing the disadvantages they were under for pursuing their
+plans, viz., a small vessel ill repaired, and without provisions or
+stores, they resolved, one and all, with the little supplies they could
+get, to proceed for the West Indies, not doubting to find a remedy for
+all these evils and to retrieve their loss.
+
+In the latitude of Deseada, one of the islands, they took two sloops,
+which supplied them with provisions and other necessaries, and a few
+days afterwards took a brigantine belonging to Rhode Island, and then
+proceeded to Barbadoes, off of which island they fell in with a Bristol
+ship of ten guns, in her voyage out, from whom they took abundance of
+clothes, some money, twenty-five bales of goods, five barrels of
+powder, a cable, hawser, ten casks of oatmeal, six casks of beef, and
+several other goods, besides five of their men; and after they had
+detained her three days let her go, who, being bound for the aforesaid
+island, she acquainted the governor with what had happened as soon as
+she arrived.
+
+Whereupon a Bristol galley that lay in the harbor was ordered to be
+fitted out with all imaginable expedition, of 20 guns and 80 men, there
+being then no man-of-war upon that station, and also a sloop with 10
+guns and 40 men. The galley was commanded by one Captain Rogers, of
+Bristol, and the sloop by Captain Graves, of that island, and Captain
+Rogers, by a commission from the governor, was appointed commodore.
+
+The second day after Rogers sailed out of the harbor he was discovered
+by Roberts, who, knowing nothing of their design, gave them chase. The
+Barbadoes ships kept an easy sail till the pirates came up with them,
+and then Roberts gave them a gun, expecting they would have immediately
+struck to his piratical flag; but instead thereof, he was forced to
+receive the fire of a broadside, with three huzzas at the same time, so
+that an engagement ensued; but Roberts, being hardly put to it, was
+obliged to crowd all the sail the sloop would bear to get off. The
+galley, sailing pretty well, kept company for a long while, keeping a
+constant fire, which galled the pirate; however, at length, by throwing
+over their guns and other heavy goods, and thereby lightening the
+vessel, they, with much ado, got clear; but Roberts could never endure a
+Barbadoes man afterwards, and when any ships belonging to that island
+fell in his way, he was more particularly severe to them than others.
+
+Captain Roberts sailed in the sloop to the island of Dominico, where he
+watered and got provisions of the inhabitants, to whom he gave goods in
+exchange. At this place he met with thirteen Englishmen, who had been
+set ashore by a French Guard de la Coste, belonging to Martinico, taken
+out of two New England ships that had been seized as prizes by the said
+French sloop. The men willingly entered with the pirates, and it proved
+a seasonable recruiting.
+
+They stayed not long here, though they had immediate occasion for
+cleaning their sloop, but did not think this a proper place; and herein
+they judged right, for the touching at this island had like to have been
+their destruction, because they, having resolved to go away to the
+Granada Islands for the aforesaid purpose, by some accident it came to
+be known to the French colony, who, sending word to the governor of
+Martinico, he equipped and manned two sloops to go in quest of them. The
+pirates sailed directly for the Granadilloes, and hall'd into a lagoon
+at Corvocoo, where they cleaned with unusual dispatch, staying but a
+little above a week, by which expedition they missed of the Martinico
+sloops only a few hours, Roberts sailing overnight and the French
+arriving the next morning. This was a fortunate escape, especially
+considering that it was not from any fears of their being discovered
+that they made so much haste from the island, but, as they had the
+impudence themselves to own, for the want of wine and women.
+
+Thus narrowly escaped, they sailed for Newfoundland, and arrived upon
+the banks the latter end of June, 1720. They entered the harbor of
+Trepassi with their black colors flying, drums beating, and trumpets
+sounding. There were two-and-twenty vessels in the harbor, which the men
+all quitted upon the sight of the pirate, and fled ashore. It is
+impossible particularly to recount the destruction and havoc they made
+here, burning and sinking all the shipping except a Bristol galley, and
+destroying the fisheries and stages of the poor planters without remorse
+or compunction; for nothing is so deplorable as power in mean and
+ignorant hands--it makes men wanton and giddy, unconcerned at the
+misfortunes they are imposing on their fellow-creatures, and keeps them
+smiling at the mischiefs that bring themselves no advantage. They are
+like madmen that cast fire-brands, arrows, and death, and say, Are not
+we in sport?
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[11] A contemporary narrative. From _The Buccaneers of America_.
+
+[12] Avery was called "The King of the Pirates." See "The Daughter of
+the Great Mogul."
+
+
+
+
+NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTURE OF THE SHIP _DERBY_, 1735
+
+CAPTAIN ANSELM
+
+
+I fell in with the Land of _Madagascar_, the Latitude of about 24
+Degrees, 13 Minutes North: And some time before I had made it, I met
+with nothing but light Airs of Winds, and Calms, and continued so long.
+My People dropping down with the Scurvy, I took a small Still that I
+had, and distill'd Salt Water into Fresh. I allow'd them as much Pease
+and Flower as they could eat, that they might not eat any Salt
+Provision, tho' I boil'd it in fresh Water. I had been very liberal with
+my fresh Provision in my Passage, to my People, and the Passage so long,
+that I had hardly any left, and that only a few Fowls; and myself and
+Officers too had been much out of Order. At last, being got to the
+Northward of _Augustin_ Bay, seeing my poor People fall down so very
+fast, it gave me very great Concern for them, but still was willing, in
+Hopes of Change of Wind, for _Johanna_. But the small Airs trifled with
+me, and what there were Northerly, a Current setting to the Southward,
+that what to do I could not well tell. To go into _Augustin_ Bay I was
+very unwilling: I had two Boats came off to me, the People talking
+tolerable good _English_. At last, my Doctor, _Sharp_, told me there
+were above Thirty People down with the Scurvy, and all the rest, even
+some of the Petty Officers, were touch'd with the same. If I did not
+soon put into Port, I plainly found I should have been in a bad
+Condition, for Men; I consulted with my Officers, to go into _Augustin_
+Bay, and we agreed, and bore away for it. Soon after, the Wind came
+Southerly, and I bore away for _Johanna_. A fine Passage I had, and
+anchor'd the next Day about Four in the Afternoon, being _Sept._ 13. I
+thank God I brought all my People in alive, and that is as much I can
+say of a good many of them. I had a Tent made ashore for them, and
+supplied them all that ever I could, and the Doctors assisting with
+every thing in their Way for their speedy Recovery. After I had been
+here a Fortnight, the Winds in the Day-time set in very fresh from the
+N. N. W. to the N. N. E. Finding the People recover so very slowly, what
+to do I could not tell. To go out with my People as bad as when they
+came in, I was not willing, but resolv'd to have Patience one Week more.
+I consulted with Mr. _Rogers_, my Chief-Mate, and told him that we must
+consider the Condition of the People, and how we met the Winds and
+Currents before we came in. The People of the Island told me, that this
+was about the time of Year for the Northerly Winds and Southerly
+Currents, and I told him I thought it better to trim all our Casks, and
+fill what Water we could, fearing of a long Passage, if our Stay was a
+little longer. Mr. _Rogers_ was of my Opinion. This I must say, I found
+the Cask not so well used in the Hold, as they ought to have been, which
+caus'd the Coopers more Work; neither did I make a little Noise about
+it, because I had more Words with my Chief and Second Mate, about my
+Third and Fourth Mate, than any thing else.
+
+Having all my Water aboard, about 80 Tun, 25 Head of Oxen, _&c._, I
+sail'd the 13th of _October_, with several of my Men not recover'd; some
+I buried at _Johanna_, and some after, to the Number of Ten, or
+thereabouts. Having a fine Gale, I made all the Sail I could, except
+Studding-sails, which I thought needless. The Wind veer'd to the
+Northward, and I was resolved to make the _Mallabar_ Course as soon as
+possible, for the Advantage of the Land and Sea Winds. I had one
+Passenger aboard, a sad troublesome wicked Fellow, whose Behaviour was
+so bad, that I could hardly forbear using him ill. I forbid my Officers
+keeping Company with him; but Mr. _B----s_ would do it at all Events. I
+turn'd him once off the Quarter-Deck for being with him there, yet that
+did not avail. I came out one Night about half an Hour past Ten, my
+second Mate's Watch, and this _B----s's_ Turn to sleep; and seeing a
+Light in his Cabin, I sent Mr. _Cuddon_, the second Mate, to him, to
+know how he would be able to sit up one Watch, and keep his own. Upon
+this _B----s_ came up half way the Steerage-Ladder, with his Pipe in his
+Hand, and talk'd to me very pertly; and that was not the first time.
+This put me into a Passion, to be so talk'd to by a Boy, that I did
+dismiss him for two or three Days, and then re-stated him, which was
+more than he deserv'd, for keeping Company with him for whom the worst
+of Names is good enough, and those who recommended him to his
+Commission. _B----s_ was told of this by Mr. _Rogers_, by my Orders, and
+I told him of it on the Quarter-Deck, and told him at the same time I
+was resolv'd to tell the Gentlemen at Home of ----; and ask'd him what
+he imagin'd they would think of him for keeping such swearing drunken
+Company. This was before I dismiss'd him.
+
+Before I came in with the Land, hearing much talk of _Angria_,[13] by
+Capt. _Scarlet_, and Mr. _Rogers_, and of his great Force (for I had
+very little Notion of him before) I took care to put the Ship in a
+proper Posture of Defence: Powder-Chests on the Quarter-Deck, Poop, and
+Forecastle, a Puncheon fill'd with Water in the Main-top, a Hogshead in
+the Fore-top, and a Barrel in the Mizen-top, all fill'd with Water:
+Chests with good Coverings in the Tops for Grenado-Shells; all the small
+Arms, with 50 new ones in Readiness. My Ship being too deep to get the
+Gun-room Ports open, as the Gunner inform'd me, the Ship _sending_, and
+the Sea washing above the Tops of the Ports; I got those Guns into the
+Great Cabin; Quarter-Bills over the Guns; the Rewards and
+Close-quarters, _&c._ at the Mizen-mast, Shot-lockers and Shot in their
+proper Station; Pluggs for Shot-holes; and every thing that I could
+think of: and gave particular Orders to my Gunner, Carpenter, and
+Boatswain, to have every thing in their way, in Readiness, the two lower
+Yards flung with the Top-chains. Not being easy in my Mind about these
+Gun-room Stern-Ports, I sent Mr. _Rogers_, it being smooth Water, to
+open one of the Gun-room Stern-Ports, to see, if we could, on Occasion,
+get Guns out there, but he brought me Word it could not be done with
+Safety, the Ship being so deep. A few Days before I made the Land, the
+Winds used to vere and haul, that Offing in an Hour I could hardly up
+from E. N. E. to S. E. but the Winds chiefly kept to the Northward. I
+was very desirous to make the Land, not knowing how far the Southwest
+Currents might set me to the Westward. At noon, being _Dec._ 12, I made
+the Land of _Goa_, in the Latitude of 15 Degrees North. My Chief Mate
+wanted me to go into _Goa_, but I was resolved not, but to make the best
+of my Way for _Bombay_. The next Morning, having a fine Six-Knot-Gale,
+about Nine o' Clock Mr. _Rogers_ told me, he saw _Gereah_, and desired
+me to haul further off Shore, and said, if _Angria_ and his Grabbs
+should see us in his River, he would send them out after us. I asked
+him, if his Grabbs came out of Sight of Land. He told me they were
+afraid to do that, fearing the _Bombay_ Vessels should get between them
+and the Shore, and keep them out of their Ports. To prevent running into
+Danger, I kept out of Sight of Land: I thought it better to do so, since
+it would make but a few Days Difference in getting at _Bombay_; making
+no Doubt I should get there the last of the Month, as doubtless we
+should, if we had not met with our sad Misfortune.
+
+When it was too late, I was acquainted by those taken in the _Severn_,
+that Mr. _Rogers_ inform'd me wrong; for _Angria_ sometimes keeps the
+Shore aboard, and sometimes goes directly out to Sea 60 Leagues off. It
+was too late to reflect; neither could I blame myself, knowing I had
+done every thing to the best of my Judgment: But had I been better
+inform'd, it is my Opinion we might have escaped those cursed Dogs, by
+keeping in Shore, and taken the Advantage of the Land and Sea Winds.
+
+I have since repented that we did not go into _Goa_; but God knows
+whether a Man goes too fast or too slow; for I had certainly a very
+suitable Cargo for that Place; But my earnest Desire was to get to
+_Bombay_, the Season of the Year being far advanc'd.
+
+_December_ 26, being my second Mate's Morning Watch, about Five o' Clock
+he came to me, and told me he saw Nine Sail of Gallivats. I got up, and
+found them to be Five Top-mast Vessels, and Four Gallivats, not above
+two Miles from us. I order'd all Hands to be call'd, and down with the
+Cabins in the Steerage, which was done in an Instant, and every body to
+their respective Quarters. They came up with us apace, having but light
+Airs of Winds, and found them to be _Angria's_ Fleet. I had the Transome
+in the great Cabin, and the Balcony in the Round-house cut away, for
+traversing the Stern-Chase Guns. They came up with me very boldly within
+Pistol-shot. Before Six, they began firing upon us, throwing their Shot
+in at our Stern, raking us afore and aft. I order'd everything to be got
+ready for going about, to give them my Broad-side, when my Chief-Mate
+Mr. _Rogers_, and my Third Mate Mr. _Burroughs_ came to me, and begg'd
+that I would not put about, for if I did, they would certainly board us.
+As to my Part, being a Stranger to this Coast and _Angria_, knowing my
+Chief Mate had been often this Way, and my Third Mate had sail'd in the
+Gallies, I was over prevail'd upon not to tack about. As the Enemy kept
+under my Stern, playing their Shot in very hot upon us, and destroying
+my Rigging so fast, I soon after endeavour'd to wear the Ship upon the
+Enemy; but the Wind dying away to a Calm, she would not regard her Helm,
+but lay like a Log in the Water. By Eight o' Clock most of my Rigging
+was destroy'd, and the Long-boat taking Fire a-stern, was forc'd to cut
+her away. The Yaul being stove by their shot, we launch'd her overboard.
+By Nine, the Top-chain that flung the Main-yard, was shot away, with
+Geer and Geer-Blocks. The Main-yard came next down, with the Sails
+almost torn to Pieces with the Shot. As fast as our People knotted and
+spliced the Rigging, it was shot away in their Hands. The Water-Tubs in
+the Tops were shot to pieces, and the Boatswain's Mate's Leg shot off in
+the Main-top. One of the Foremast-Men's Leg was shot off in the
+Fore-top, and one wounded. By Ten, the Mizen-mast was shot by the Board.
+Wanting People to cut the Mast-Rigging, _&c._ from her Side, found them
+appear very thin upon Deck, and desired my younger Mates to drive them
+out of their Holes. Word was then brought me, that my Chief Mate's Leg
+was shot off, but that he was in good Heart. All this time it was a
+Calm, and our Guns of the Broad-side of no Service, not being able,
+during the Engagement, to bring one Gun to bear upon them. They kept
+throwing their shot so thick in at our Stern, with a continual Fire, and
+we return'd it as fast as we could load and fire. About One, my
+Main-mast was shot by the Board, and the Fall of that stove the Pinnace
+on the Booms. The Loss of my Main-mast gave me a very great Concern, and
+seeing the Condition of the Fore-mast, the Fore-yard half way down, and
+the Top-sail Yard-arm sprung in several Places, the Head of the
+Top-gallant-Mast shot away, render'd that Mast quite useless. I could
+not see which way it was in the Power of Men to save us from these Dogs.
+However, I made myself as easy as could be expected, and kept my
+Thoughts to myself. Tho' the Shot were like Hail about my Ears, I thank
+God I escaped them, neither did they give me much Uneasiness as to my
+Person. The Grabbs perceiving their great Advantage by the Fall of our
+Main-mast, _&c._ tho' all the time before within Musket-Shot, come up
+boldly within Call, throwing in at our Stern Double-round and Partridge
+as fast as they could load and fire; we doing the same with Bolts, _&c._
+We saw a great many Holes in their Sails. Soon after this, they lodg'd
+two Double-head-Shot, and a large Stone in the Fore-mast, the Shrowds of
+which were mostly gone. I often sent Capt. _Scarlet_ to Mr. _Cudden_, to
+encourage the People, and to take care to cool his Guns, and not fire in
+Haste, but take good Aim. We received two Double-headed-Shot in the
+Bread-room, which were soon plugg'd up, and one Shot under the Larboard
+Chesstree, but so low in the Water, that could not get at it, and the
+Ship prov'd leaky. I had a Pack of sad cowardly, ignorant Dogs as ever
+came into a Ship. As to my common Sailors, who were not above Twelve
+Seamen, with the Officers, they stood by me. It was all owing to my
+Misfortune on the _Mouse_, that I was so poorly Mann'd. As to my Third
+Mate, _B----s_, he did not seem to stomach what he was about; he was
+sometimes on the Quarter-Deck (not being able to use any Guns but the
+Stern-Chase) and every Shot the Enemy fir'd, he cowardly trembled, with
+his Head almost down to the Deck. This Captain _Scarlet_ has often
+declared to the Gentlemen at _Bombay_, and before those that are now
+coming Home. I had six Men kill'd, and six their Legs shot off, with
+several others wounded by their Partridge-Shot, _&c._ Had our People
+kept the Deck like Men, there must have been several more kill'd and
+wounded. About Three, I heard a great Call for Shot, and desired Capt.
+_Scarlet_ to go to Mr. _Cuddon_, and tell him not to fire in Waste.
+
+We lay now just like a Wreck in the Sea, and at our Wits Ends. Our Shot
+being almost spent, we had a Hole cut in the Well to try to come at the
+Company's. We continued on with Double-round and Partridge, and Bolts,
+_&c._ with a Double Allowance of Powder to each Gun, doing the utmost we
+could to save the Ship. The Tiller-rope was now shot away, tho' of no
+Service before. The Carpenter told me the Ship made a great deal of
+Water, and had above two Foot in her Hold. The Caulker afterwards told
+me she had three Foot. I saw nothing we could do more than firing our
+Stern-Chase. There was a sad Complaint for Shot; however we fir'd Bolts.
+I call'd out to the People to have good Hearts, and went into the
+Round-house to encourage them there. It was very hard we could stand no
+Chance for a Mast of theirs, nor no lucky Shot to disable some of them,
+in all the Number that we fir'd. As to our small Arms, they were of
+little Service, they keeping their Men so close. The Rigging of the
+Foremast being gone, and that fetching so much way, I expected it to go
+every Minute; and about Seven in the Evening, the Ship falling off into
+the Trough of the Sea, the Foremast came by the Board. It was now about
+Four o' Clock, when Mr. _Thomas Rogers_, my Chief Mate, sent my Steward
+to desire to speak with me. When I went to him, he spoke to me to this
+Purpose. "Sir," says he, "I am inform'd what Condition the Ship is in;
+as her Masts are gone, you had better not be obstinate, in standing out
+longer; it will only be the Means of making more Objects, of murdering
+more Men, and all to no Purpose, but to be used worse by the Enemy, for
+it is impossible to get away. Therefore you had better surrender." To
+the best of my Knowledge, I hardly made him any Answer; nor had I,
+before he sent to me, the least Thoughts of surrendering, which I
+declare before God and Man; tho' I was well convinc'd within myself,
+that it was impossible to save the Ship. I went up to my old Station the
+Quarter-Deck, and took several Turns, as usual, and proceeded in the
+Engagement. I begun to consider what Mr. _Rogers_ told me, and the
+Condition of the Ship, and argue within myself the Impossibility of
+doing any more (for if a Gale had sprung up, it could be of no Service)
+and all the time from the Fall of our Main-mast, the Enemy were got so
+near, that I could hear them talk, and my Second Mate did the same. As
+to our Masts, they had gain'd their Ends, and their only Business now
+was to fire at the Hull. There was no Hopes of their leaving us,
+considering the condition they had brought us to, and it could not be
+long before we sunk: for as they lay so near us, and so low in Water,
+our Shot must doubtless fly over them. At last I was of Mr. _Rogers's_
+Opinion, that it was only sacrificing the Men to no Purpose; for they
+had so large a Mark of us, they could not miss us; and during all the
+Engagement, as they play'd their Shot so hot at our Stern, it is
+surprizing there were not many more Men Kill'd. I then sent for my
+Second and Third Mate, and told them Mr. _Rogers's_ Opinion and my own.
+They both agreed to it, and consented to the surrendering of the Ship.
+So we submitted to the Enemy, finding it in vain to proceed. By my Watch
+it was Five o' Clock. My Second and Third Mate went in to the Steerage
+to forbid firing, and myself in the Round-House, did the same. Every
+Body seem'd to be very well satisfied as to the surrendering Part, and
+no Objection was made. Colours we had none to strike; those and the
+Ensign-Staff were shot to Pieces; and what was left of the Ensign being
+made fast to the Main-Shrowds, went with the Mast. Capt. _Scarlet_ went
+into the Round-House, and call'd the Enemy on board, and told them we
+had no Boats. They sent their Dingey aboard with Four Men for me and my
+chief Officers. They left Two of the Four aboard the _Derby_. Myself and
+my Second Mate went in the Dingey aboard the Grabb. We were gone an Hour
+and a half good, if not more; then we return'd in a Gallivat with 50 or
+60 Men, but not a Soul went aboard the _Derby_, till we return'd. Then
+came aboard more Gallivats and more Men, and secured the Arms, _&c._ and
+drove our People up, some to the Pumps, and some to clear the Rigging
+off the Ship's Side. They transkipt to their Grabbs what Treasure could
+be got at, and the next Day turn'd out the Remainder, with myself,
+_Scarlet_, _Cuddon_, the two Ladies, and my Servants, into one of the
+Grabbs.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[13] A noted pirate.
+
+
+
+
+FRANCIS LOLONOIS
+
+THE SLAVE WHO BECAME A PIRATE KING[14]
+
+JOHN ESQUEMELING
+
+
+Francis Lolonois was a native of that territory in France which is
+called Les Sables d'Olone, or The Sands of Olone. In his youth he was
+transported to the Caribbee islands, in quality of servant, or slave,
+according to custom. Having served his time, he came to Hispaniola; here
+he joined for some time with the hunters, before he began his robberies
+upon the Spaniards.
+
+At first he made two or three voyages as a common mariner, wherein he
+behaved himself so courageously as to gain the favor of the governor of
+Tortuga, Monsieur de la Place; insomuch that he gave him a ship, in
+which he might seek his fortune, which was very favorable to him at
+first; for in a short time he got great riches. But his cruelties
+against the Spaniards were such, that the fame of them made him so well
+known through the Indies, that the Spaniards, in his time, would choose
+rather to die, or sink fighting, than surrender, knowing they should
+have no mercy at his hands. But Fortune, being seldom constant, after
+some time turned her back; for in a huge storm he lost his ship on the
+coast of Campechy. The men were all saved, but coming upon dry land, the
+Spaniards pursued them, and killed the greatest part, wounding also
+Lolonois. Not knowing how to escape, he saved his life by a stratagem;
+mingling sand with the blood of his wounds, with which besmearing his
+face, and other parts of his body, and hiding himself dextrously among
+the dead, he continued there till the Spaniards quitted the field.
+
+They being gone, he retired to the woods and bound up his wounds as well
+as he could. These being pretty well healed, he took his way to
+Campechy, having disguised himself in a Spanish habit; here he enticed
+certain slaves, to whom he promised liberty if they would obey him and
+trust to his conduct. They accepted his promises, and stealing a canoe,
+they went to sea with him. Now the Spaniards, having made several of his
+companions prisoners, kept them close in a dungeon, while Lolonois went
+about the town and saw what passed. These were often asked, "What is
+become of your captain?" To whom they constantly answered, "He is dead:"
+which rejoiced the Spaniards, who made thanks to God for their
+deliverance from such a cruel pirate. Lolonois, having seen these
+rejoicings for his death, made haste to escape, with the slaves
+above-mentioned, and came safe to Tortuga, the common refuge of all
+sorts of wickedness, and the seminary, as it were, of pirates and
+thieves. Though now his fortune was low, yet he got another ship with
+craft and subtlety, and in it twenty-one men. Being well provided with
+arms and necessaries, he set forth for Cuba, on the south whereof is a
+small village, called De los Cayos. The inhabitants drive a great trade
+in tobacco, sugar, and hides, and all in boats, not being able to use
+ships, by reason of the little depth of that sea.
+
+Lolonois was persuaded he should get here some considerable prey; but by
+the good fortune of some fishermen who saw him, and the mercy of God,
+they escaped him: for the inhabitants of the town dispatched immediately
+a vessel overland to the Havannah, complaining that Lolonois was come to
+destroy them with two canoes. The governor could hardly believe this,
+having received letters from Campechy that he was dead: but, at their
+importunity, he sent a ship for their relief, with ten guns and ninety
+men, well armed; giving them this express command, "that they should not
+return into his presence without having totally destroyed those
+pirates." To this effect he gave them a negro to serve for a hangman,
+and orders, "that they should immediately hang every one of the pirates,
+excepting Lolonois, their captain, whom they should bring alive to the
+Havannah." This ship arrived at Cayos, of whose coming the pirates were
+advertised beforehand, and instead of flying, went to seek it in the
+river Estera, where she rode at anchor. The pirates seized some
+fishermen, and forced them by night to show them the entry of the port,
+hoping soon to obtain a greater vessel than their two canoes, and
+thereby to mend their fortune. They arrived, after two in the morning,
+very nigh the ship; and the watch on board the ship asking them, whence
+they came, and if they had seen any pirates abroad. They caused one of
+the prisoners to answer, they had seen no pirates, nor anything else.
+Which answer made them believe that they were fled upon hearing of their
+coming.
+
+But they soon found the contrary, for about break of day the pirates
+assaulted the vessel on both sides, with their two canoes, with such
+vigor, that though the Spaniards behaved themselves as they ought, and
+made as good defense as they could, making some use of their great guns,
+yet they were forced to surrender, being beaten by the pirates, with
+sword in hand, down under the hatches. From hence Lolonois commanded
+them to be brought up, one by one, and in this order caused their heads
+to be struck off. Among the rest came up the negro, designed to be the
+pirates' executioner; this fellow implored mercy at his hands very
+dolefully, telling Lolonois he was constituted hangman of that ship, and
+if he would spare him, he would tell him faithfully all that he should
+desire. Lolonois, making him confess what he thought fit, commanded him
+to be murdered with the rest. Thus he cruelly and barbarously put them
+all to death, reserving only one alive, whom he sent back to the
+governor of the Havannah, with this message in writing: "I shall never
+henceforward give quarter to any Spaniard whatsoever; and I have great
+hopes I shall execute on your own person the very same punishment I have
+done upon them you sent against me. Thus I have retaliated the kindness
+you designed to me and my companions." The governor, much troubled at
+this bad news, swore, in the presence of many, that he would never grant
+quarter to any pirate that should fall into his hands. But the citizens
+of the Havannah desired him not to persist in the execution of that rash
+and rigorous oath, seeing the pirates would certainly take occasion from
+thence to do the same, and they had an hundred times more opportunity of
+revenge than he; that being necessitated to get their livelihood by
+fishery, they should hereafter always be in danger of their lives. By
+these reasons he was persuaded to bridle his anger, and remit the
+severity of his oath.
+
+Now Lolonois had got a good ship, but very few provisions and people in
+it; to purchase both which he resolved to cruise from one port to
+another. Doing thus, for some time, without success, he determined to go
+to the port of Maracaibo. Here he surprised a ship laden with plate, and
+other merchandises, outward bound, to buy cocoa-nuts. With this prize he
+returned to Tortuga, where he was received with joy by the inhabitants;
+they congratulating his happy success, and their own private interest.
+He stayed not long there, but designed to equip a fleet sufficient to
+transport five hundred men, and necessaries. Thus provided, he resolved
+to pillage both cities, towns, and villages, and finally, to take
+Maracaibo itself. For this purpose he knew the island of Tortuga would
+afford him many resolute and courageous men, fit for such enterprises:
+besides, he had in his service several prisoners well acquainted with
+the ways and places designed upon.
+
+Of this design Lolonois giving notice to all the pirates, whether at
+home or abroad, he got together, in a little while, above four hundred
+men; beside which, there was then in Tortuga another pirate, named
+Michael de Basco, who, by his piracy, had got riches sufficient to live
+at ease, and go no more abroad; having, withal, the office of major of
+the island. But seeing the great preparations that Lolonois made for
+this expedition, he joined him, and offered him, that if he would make
+him his chief captain by land (seeing he knew the country very well, and
+all its avenues) he would share in his fortunes, and go with him. They
+agreed upon articles to the great joy of Lolonois, knowing that Basco
+had done great actions in Europe, and had the repute of a good soldier.
+Thus they all embarked in eight vessels, that of Lolonois being the
+greatest, having ten guns of indifferent carriage.
+
+All things being ready, and the whole company on board, they set sail
+together about the end of April, being, in all, six hundred and sixty
+persons. They steered for that part called Bayala, north of Hispaniola:
+here they took into their company some French hunters, who voluntarily
+offered themselves, and here they provided themselves with victuals and
+necessaries for their voyage.
+
+From hence they sailed again the last of July, and steered directly to
+the eastern cape of the isle called Punta d'Espada. Hereabouts espying a
+ship from Puerto Rico, bound for New Spain, laden with cocoa-nuts,
+Lolonois commanded the rest of the fleet to wait for him near Savona, on
+the east of Cape Punta d'Espada, he alone intending to take the said
+vessel. The Spaniards, though they had been in sight full two hours, and
+knew them to be pirates, yet would not flee, but prepared to fight,
+being well armed, and provided. The combat lasted three hours, and then
+they surrendered. This ship had sixteen guns, and fifty fighting men
+aboard: they found in her 120,000 weight of cocoa, 40,000
+pieces-of-eight, and the value of 10,000 more, in jewels. Lolonois sent
+the vessel presently to Tortuga to be unladed, with orders to return as
+soon as possible to Savona, where he would wait for them: meanwhile, the
+rest of the fleet being arrived at Savona, met another Spanish vessel
+coming from Coman, with military provisions to Hispaniola, and money to
+pay the garrisons there. This vessel they also took, without any
+resistance, though mounted with eight guns. In it were 7,000 weight of
+powder, a great number of muskets, and like things, with 12,000
+pieces-of-eight.
+
+These successes encouraged the pirates, they seeming very lucky
+beginnings, especially finding their fleet pretty well recruited in a
+little time: for the first ship arriving at Tortuga, the governor
+ordered it to be instantly unladen, and soon after sent back, with fresh
+provisions, and other necessaries, to Lolonois. This ship he chose for
+himself, and gave that which he commanded to his comrade, Anthony du
+Puis. Being thus recruited with men in lieu of them he had lost in
+taking the prizes, and by sickness, he found himself in a good condition
+to set sail for Maracaibo, in the province of Neuva Venezuela, in the
+latitude of 12 deg. 10 min. north. This island is twenty leagues long,
+and twelve broad. To this port also belong the islands of Onega and
+Monges. The east side thereof is called Cape St. Roman, and the western
+side Cape of Caquibacoa: the gulf is called, by some, the Gulf of
+Venezuela, but the pirates usually call it the Bay of Maracaibo.
+
+At the entrance of this gulf are two islands extending from east to
+west; that towards the east is called Isla de las Vigilias, or the Watch
+Isle; because in the middle is a high hill, on which stands a
+watch-house. The other is called Isla de la Palomas, or the Isle of
+Pigeons. Between these two islands runs a little sea, or rather lake of
+fresh water, sixty leagues long, and thirty broad; which disgorging
+itself into the ocean, dilates itself about the said two islands.
+Between them is the best passage for ships, the channel being no broader
+than the flight of a great gun, of about eight pounds. On the Isle of
+Pigeons standeth a castle, to impede the entry of vessels, all being
+necessitated to come very nigh the castle, by reason of two banks of
+sand on the other side, with only fourteen feet water. Many other banks
+of sand there are in this lake; as that called El Tablazo, or the Great
+Table, no deeper than ten feet, forty leagues within the lake; others
+there are, that have no more than six, seven, or eight feet in depth:
+all are very dangerous, especially to mariners unacquainted with them.
+West hereof is the city of Maracaibo, very pleasant to the view, its
+houses being built along the shore, having delightful prospects all
+round: the city may contain three or four thousand persons, slaves
+included, all which make a town of reasonable bigness. There are judged
+to be about eight hundred persons able to bear arms, all Spaniards. Here
+are one parish church, well built and adorned, four monasteries, and one
+hospital. The city is governed by a deputy governor, substituted by the
+governor of the Caraccas. The trade here exercised is mostly in hides
+and tobacco. The inhabitants possess great numbers of cattle, and many
+plantations, which extend thirty leagues in the country, especially
+towards the great town of Gibraltar, where are gathered great quantities
+of cocoa-nuts, and all other garden fruits, which serve for the regale
+and sustenance of the inhabitants of Maracaibo, whose territories are
+much drier than those of Gibraltar. Hither those of Maracaibo send great
+quantities of flesh, they making returns in oranges, lemons, and other
+fruits; for the inhabitants of Gibraltar want flesh, their fields not
+being capable of feeding cows or sheep.
+
+Before Maracaibo is a very spacious and secure port, wherein may be
+built all sorts of vessels, having great convenience of timber, which
+may be transported thither at little charge. Nigh the town lies also a
+small island called Borrica, where they feed great numbers of goats,
+which cattle the inhabitants use more for their skins than their flesh
+or milk; they slighting these two, unless while they are tender and
+young kids. In the fields are fed some sheep, but of a very small size.
+In some islands of the lake, and in other places hereabouts, are many
+savage Indians, called by the Spaniards bravoes, or wild: these could
+never be reduced by the Spaniards, being brutish, and untameable. They
+dwell mostly towards the west side of the lake, in little huts built on
+trees growing in the water; so to keep themselves from innumerable
+mosquitoes, or gnats, which infest and torment them night and day. To
+the east of the said lake are whole towns of fishermen, who likewise
+live in huts built on trees, as the former. Another reason of this
+dwelling, is the frequent inundations; for after great rains, the land
+is often overflown for two or three leagues, there being no less than
+twenty-five great rivers that feed this lake. The town of Gibraltar is
+also frequently drowned by these, so that the inhabitants are
+constrained to retire to their plantations.
+
+Gibraltar, situate at the side of the lake about forty leagues within
+it, receives its provisions of flesh, as has been said, from Maracaibo.
+The town is inhabited by about 1,500 persons, whereof four hundred may
+bear arms; the greatest part of them keep shops, wherein they exercise
+one trade or another. In the adjacent fields are numerous plantations of
+sugar and cocoa, in which are many tall and beautiful trees, of whose
+timber houses may be built, and ships. Among these are many handsome and
+proportionable cedars, seven or eight feet about, of which they can
+build boats and ships, so as to bear only one great sail; such vessels
+being called piraguas. The whole country is well furnished with rivers
+and brooks, very useful in droughts, being then cut into many little
+channels to water their fields and plantations. They plant also much
+tobacco, well esteemed in Europe, and for its goodness is called there
+_tobacco de sacerdotes_, or priest's tobacco. They enjoy nigh twenty
+leagues of jurisdiction, which is bounded by very high mountains
+perpetually covered with snow. On the other side of these mountains is
+situate a great city called Merida, to which the town of Gibraltar is
+subject. All merchandise is carried hence to the aforesaid city on
+mules, and that but at one season of the year, by reason of the
+excessive cold in those high mountains. On the said mules returns are
+made in flour of meal, which comes from towards Peru, by the way of
+Estaffe.
+
+Lolonois arriving at the gulf of Venezuela, cast anchor with his whole
+fleet out of sight of the Vigilia or Watch Isle; next day very early he
+set sail thence with all his ships for the lake of Maracaibo, where they
+cast anchor again; then they landed their men, with design to attack
+first the fortress that commanded the bar, therefore called _de la
+barra_. This fort consisted only of several great baskets of earth
+placed on a rising ground, planted with sixteen great guns, with several
+other heaps of earth round about for covering their men: the pirates
+having landed a league off this fort, advanced by degrees towards it;
+but the governor having espied their landing, had placed an ambuscade to
+cut them off behind, while he should attack them in front. This the
+pirates discovered, and getting before, they defeated it so entirely,
+that not a man could retreat to the castle: this done, Lolonois, with
+his companions, advanced immediately to the fort, and after a fight of
+almost three hours, with the usual desperation of this sort of people,
+they became masters thereof, without any other arms than swords and
+pistols: while they were fighting, those who were the routed ambuscade,
+not being able to get into the castle, retired into Maracaibo in great
+confusion and disorder, crying "The pirates will presently be here with
+two thousand men and more." The city having formerly been taken by this
+kind of people, and sacked to the uttermost, had still an idea of that
+misery; so that upon these dismal news they endeavored to escape towards
+Gibraltar in their boats and canoes, carrying with them all the goods
+and money they could. Being come to Gibraltar, they told how the
+fortress was taken, and nothing had been saved, nor any persons escaped.
+
+The castle thus taken by the pirates, they presently signified to the
+ships their victory, that they should come farther in without fear of
+danger: the rest of that day was spent in ruining and demolishing the
+said castle. They nailed the guns, and burnt as much as they could not
+carry away, burying the dead, and sending on board the fleet the
+wounded. Next day, very early, they weighed anchor, and steered directly
+towards Maracaibo, about six leagues distant from the fort; but the wind
+failing that day, they could advance little, being forced to await the
+tide. Next morning they came in sight of the town, and prepared for
+landing under the protection of their own guns, fearing the Spaniards
+might have laid an ambuscade in the woods. They put their men into
+canoes, brought for that purpose, and landed, shooting meanwhile
+furiously with their great guns. Of those in the canoes, half only went
+ashore, the other half remained aboard. They fired from the ships as
+fast as possible, towards the woody part of the shore, but could
+discover nobody; then they entered the town, whose inhabitants were
+retired to the woods, and Gibraltar, with their wives children and
+families. Their houses they left well provided with victuals, as flour,
+bread, pork, brandy, wines, and poultry, and with these the pirates fell
+to making good cheer, for in four weeks before they had no opportunity
+of filling their stomachs with such plenty.
+
+They instantly possessed themselves of the best houses in the town, and
+placed sentinels wherever they thought necessary;--the great church
+served them for their main guard. Next day they sent out an hundred and
+sixty men to find out some of the inhabitants in the woods thereabouts.
+These returned the same night, bringing with them 20,000
+pieces-of-eight, several mules laden with household goods and
+merchandise, and twenty prisoners, men, women, and children. Some of
+these were put to the rack, to make them confess where they had hid the
+rest of the goods; but they could extort very little from them.
+Lolonois, who valued not murdering, though in cold blood, ten or twelve
+Spaniards, drew his cutlass, and hacked one to pieces before the rest,
+saying, "If you do not confess and declare where you have hid the rest
+of your goods, I will do the like to all your companions." At last,
+amongst these horrible cruelties and inhuman threats, one promised to
+show the place where the rest of the Spaniards were hid. But those that
+were fled, having intelligence of it, changed place, and buried the
+remnant of their riches underground, so that the pirates could not find
+them out, unless some of their own party should reveal them. Besides,
+the Spaniards flying from one place to another every day, and often
+changing woods, were jealous even of each other, so that the father
+durst scarce trust his own son.
+
+After the pirates had been fifteen days in Maracaibo, they resolved for
+Gibraltar; but the inhabitants having received intelligence thereof, and
+that they intended afterwards to go to Merida, gave notice of it to the
+governor there, who was a valiant soldier, and had been an officer in
+Flanders. His answer was, "he would have them take no care, for he hoped
+in a little while to exterminate the said pirates." Whereupon he came to
+Gibraltar with four hundred men well armed, ordering at the same time
+the inhabitants to put themselves in arms, so that in all he made eight
+hundred fighting men. With the same speed he raised a battery toward the
+sea, mounted with twenty guns, covered with great baskets of earth:
+another battery he placed in another place, mounted with eight guns.
+This done, he barricaded a narrow passage to the town through which the
+pirates must pass, opening at the same time another one through much
+dirt and mud into a wood which was totally unknown to the pirates.
+
+The pirates, ignorant of these preparations, having embarked all their
+prisoners and booty, took their way towards Gibraltar. Being come in
+sight of the place, they saw the royal standard hanging forth, and that
+those of the town designed to defend their homes. Lolonois seeing this,
+called a council of war what they ought to do, telling his officers and
+mariners, "That the difficulty of the enterprise was very great, seeing
+the Spaniards had had so much time to put themselves in a posture of
+defense, and had got a good body of men together, with much ammunition;
+but notwithstanding," said he, "have a good courage; we must either
+defend ourselves like good soldiers, or lose our lives with all the
+riches we have got. Do as I shall do who am your captain: at other times
+we have fought with fewer men than we have in our company at present,
+and yet we have overcome greater numbers than there possibly can be in
+this town: the more they are, the more glory and the greater riches we
+shall gain." The pirates supposed that all the riches of the inhabitants
+of Maracaibo were transported to Gibraltar, or at least the greatest
+part. After this speech, they all promised to follow, and obey him.
+Lolonois made answer, "'Tis well; but know ye, withal, that the first
+man who shall show any fear, or the least apprehension thereof, I will
+pistol him with my own hands."
+
+With this resolution they cast anchor nigh the shore, near
+three-quarters of a league from the town: next day before sun-rising,
+they landed three hundred and eighty men well provided, and armed every
+one with a cutlass, and one or two pistols, and sufficient powder and
+bullet for thirty charges. Here they all shook hands in testimony of
+good courage, and began their march, Lolonois speaking thus, "Come, my
+brethren, follow me, and have good courage." They followed their guide,
+who, believing he led them well, brought them to the way which the
+governor had barricaded. Not being able to pass that way, they went to
+the other newly made in the wood among the mire, which the Spaniards
+could shoot into at pleasure; but the pirates, full of courage, cut down
+the branches of trees and threw them on the way, that they might not
+stick in the dirt. Meanwhile, those of Gibraltar fired with their great
+guns so furiously, they could scarce hear nor see for the noise and
+smoke. Being passed the wood, they came on firm ground, where they met
+with a battery of six guns, which immediately the Spaniards discharged
+upon them, all loaded with small bullets and pieces of iron; and the
+Spaniards sallying forth, set upon them with such fury, as caused the
+pirates to give way, few of them caring to advance towards the fort,
+many of them being already killed and wounded. This made them go back to
+seek another way; but the Spaniards having cut down many trees to hinder
+the passage, they could find none, but were forced to return to that
+they had left. Here the Spaniards continued to fire as before, nor would
+they sally out of their batteries to attack them any more. Lolonois and
+his companions not being able to climb up the bastion of earth, were
+compelled to use an old stratagem, wherewith at last they deceived and
+overcame the Spaniards.
+
+Lolonois retired suddenly with all his men, making show as if he fled;
+hereupon the Spaniards crying out "They flee, they flee, let us follow
+them," sallied forth with great disorder to the pursuit. Being drawn to
+some distance from the batteries, which was the pirates only design,
+they turned upon them unexpectedly with sword in hand, and killed above
+two hundred men; and thus fighting their way through those who remained,
+they possessed themselves of the batteries. The Spaniards that remained
+abroad, giving themselves over for lost, fled to the woods: those in the
+battery of eight guns surrendered themselves, obtaining quarter for
+their lives. The pirates being now become masters of the town, pulled
+down the Spanish colors and set up their own, taking prisoners as many
+as they could find. These they carried to the great church, where they
+raised a battery of several great guns, fearing lest the Spaniards that
+were fled should rally, and come upon them again; but next day, being
+all fortified, their fears were over. They gathered the dead to bury
+them, being above five hundred Spaniards, besides the wounded in the
+town, and those that died of their wounds in the woods. The pirates had
+also above one hundred and fifty prisoners, and nigh five hundred
+slaves, many women and children.
+
+Of their own companions only forty were killed, and almost eighty
+wounded, whereof the greatest part died through the bad air, which
+brought fevers and other illness. They put the slain Spaniards into two
+great boats, and carrying them a quarter of a league to sea, they sunk
+the boats; this done, they gathered all the plate, household stuff, and
+merchandise they could, or thought convenient to carry away. The
+Spaniards who had anything left had hid it carefully; but the
+unsatisfied pirates, not contented with the riches they had got, sought
+for more goods and merchandise, not sparing those who lived in the
+fields, such as hunters and planters. They had scarce been eighteen days
+on the place, when the greatest part of the prisoners died for hunger.
+For in the town were few provisions, especially of flesh, though they
+had some, but no sufficient quantity of flour of meal, and this the
+pirates had taken for themselves, as they also took the swine, cows,
+sheep, and poultry, without allowing any share to the poor prisoners.
+For these they only provided some small quantity of mules' and asses'
+flesh; and many who could not eat of that loathsome provision died for
+hunger, their stomachs not being accustomed to such sustenance. Of the
+prisoners many also died under the torment they sustained to make them
+discover their money or jewels; and of these, some had none, nor knew of
+none, and others denying what they knew, endured such horrible deaths.
+
+Finally, after having been in possession of the town four entire weeks,
+they sent four of the prisoners to the Spaniards that were fled to the
+woods, demanding of them a ransom for not burning the town. The sum
+demanded was 10,000 pieces-of-eight, which if not sent, they threatened
+to reduce it to ashes. For bringing in this money, they allowed them
+only two days; but the Spaniards not having been able to gather so
+punctually such a sum, the pirates fired many parts of the town;
+whereupon the inhabitants begged them to help quench the fire, and the
+ransom should be readily paid. The pirates condescended, helping as much
+as they could to stop the fire; but, notwithstanding all their best
+endeavors, one part of the town was ruined, especially the church
+belonging to the monastery was burned down. After they had received the
+said sum, they carried aboard all the riches they had got, with a great
+number of slaves which had not paid the ransom; for all the prisoners
+had sums of money set upon them, and the slaves were also commanded to
+be redeemed. Thence they returned to Maracaibo, where being arrived,
+they found a general consternation in the whole city, to which they sent
+three or four prisoners to tell the governor and inhabitants, "they
+should bring them 30,000 pieces-of-eight aboard their ships, for a
+ransom of their houses, otherwise they should be sacked anew and
+burned."
+
+Among these debates a party of pirates came on shore, and carried away
+the images, pictures, and bells of the great church, aboard the fleet.
+The Spaniards who were sent to demand the sum aforesaid returned, with
+orders to make some agreement; who concluded with the pirates to give
+for their ransom and liberty 20,000 pieces-of-eight, and five hundred
+cows, provided that they should commit no further hostilities, but
+depart thence presently after payment of money and cattle. The one and
+the other being delivered, the whole fleet set sail, causing great joy
+to the inhabitants of Maracaibo, to see themselves quit of them: but
+three days after they renewed their fears with admiration, seeing the
+pirates appear again, and re-enter the port with all their ships: but
+these apprehensions vanished, upon hearing one of the pirate's errand,
+who came ashore from Lolonois, "to demand a skilful pilot to conduct one
+of the greatest ships over the dangerous bank that lieth at the very
+entry of the lake." Which petition, or rather command, was instantly
+granted.
+
+They had now been full two months in these towns, wherein they committed
+those cruel and insolent actions we have related. Departing thence, they
+took their course to Hispaniola, and arrived there in eight days,
+casting anchor in a port called Isla de la Vacca, or Cow Island. This
+island is inhabited by French buccaneers, who mostly sell the flesh they
+hunt to pirates and others, who now and then put in there to victual, or
+trade. Here they unladed their whole cargazon of riches, the usual
+storehouse of the pirates being commonly under the shelter of the
+buccaneers. Here they made a dividend of all their prizes and gains,
+according to the orders and degree of every one, as has been mentioned
+before. Having made an exact calculation of all their plunder, they
+found in ready money 260,000 pieces-of-eight: this being divided, every
+one received for his share in money, as also in silk, linen, and other
+commodities, to the value of 100 pieces-of-eight. Those who had been
+wounded received their first part, after the rate mentioned before, for
+the loss of their limbs: then they weighed all the plate uncoined,
+reckoning ten pieces-of-eight to a pound; the jewels were prized
+indifferently, either too high or too low, by reason of their ignorance:
+this done, every one was put to his oath again, that he had not smuggled
+anything from the common stock. Hence they proceeded to the dividend of
+the shares of such as were dead in battle, or otherwise: these shares
+were given to their friends, to be kept entire for them, and to be
+delivered in due time to their nearest relations, or their apparent
+lawful heirs.
+
+The whole dividend being finished, they set sail for Tortuga. Here they
+arrived a month after, to the great joy of most of the island; for as to
+the common pirates, in three weeks they had scarce any money left,
+having spent it all in things of little value, or lost it at play. Here
+had arrived, not long before them, two French ships, with wine and
+brandy, and suchlike commodities; whereby these liquors, at the arrival
+of the pirates, were indifferent cheap. But this lasted not long, for
+soon after they were enhanced extremely, a gallon of brandy being sold
+for four pieces-of-eight. The governor of the island bought of the
+pirates the whole cargo of the ship laden with cocoa, giving for that
+rich commodity scarce the twentieth part of its worth. Thus they made
+shift to lose and spend the riches they had got, in much less time than
+they were obtained. The taverns and stews, according to the custom of
+pirates, got the greatest part; so that, soon after, they were forced to
+seek more by the same unlawful means they had got the former.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[14] _The Buccaneers of America._
+
+
+
+
+THE FIGHT BETWEEN THE _DORRILL_ AND THE _MOCA_[15]
+
+
+These truly representeth a scheem of what misfortune has befell us as we
+were going through the streights of Malacca, in the persuance to our
+pretended voyage, _vizt._, Wednesday the 7th July, 5 o'clock morning we
+espied a ship to windward; as soon as was well light perceived her to
+bare down upon us. Wee thought at first she had been a Dutchman bound
+for Atcheen or Bengall, when perceived she had no Gallerys, did then
+suppose her to be what after, to our dreadful sorrow, found her. Wee
+gott our ship in the best posture of defence that suddain emergent
+necessity would permitt. Wee kept good looking out, expecting to see an
+Island called Pullo Verello [Pulo Barahla], but as then saw it not.
+
+About 8 of the clock the ship came up fairely within shott. Saw in room
+of our Gallerys there was large sally ports, in each of which was a
+large gunn, seemed to be brass. Her tafferill was likewise taken downe.
+Wee having done what possibly could to prepare ourselves, fearing might
+be suddenly sett on, ordered our people to their respective stations for
+action. Wee now hoisted our colours. The Captain commanded to naile our
+Ensigne to the staff in sight of the enimie, which was immediately done.
+As they perceived wee hoisted our colours they hoisted theirs, with the
+Union Jack, and let fly a broad red Pendant at their maintopmast head.
+
+The Pirate being now in little more than half Pistoll shott from us, wee
+could discerne abundance of men who went aft to the Quarter Deck, which
+as wee suppose was to consult. They stood as we stood, but wee spoke
+neither to other. Att noone it fell calme, so that [wee] were affraid
+should by the sea have been hove on one another. Att 1 a clock sprang up
+a gale. The Pirate kept as wee kept. Att 3 a clock the villain backt her
+sailes and they went from us. Wee kept close halled, having a contrary
+wind for Mallacca. When the Pirate was about 7 miles distant tackt and
+stood after us. Att 6 that evening saw the lookt for island, and the
+Pirate came up with us on our starboard side within shott. Wee see he
+kept a man at each topmast head, looking out till it was darke, then he
+halled a little from us, but kept us company all night.
+
+At 8 in the morning he drew near us, but wee had time to mount our other
+four guns that were in hold, and now wee were in the best posture of
+defence could desire. He drawing near us and seeing that if [wee] would,
+[wee] could not gett from him, he far outsailing us by or large [in one
+direction or another], the Captain resolved to see what the rogue would
+doe, soe ordered to hand [furl] all our small sailes and furled our
+mainesaile. He, seeing this, did the like, and as [he] drew near us beat
+a drum and sounded trumpets, and then hailed us four times before we
+answered him.
+
+At last it was thought fitt to know what he would say, soe the
+Boatswaine spoke to him as was ordered, which was that wee came from
+London. Then he enquired whether peace or war with France. Our answer,
+there was an universall peace through Europe, att which they paused and
+then said, "That's well." He further enquired if had touched at
+Attcheen. Wee said a boat came off to us, but [wee] came not near itt by
+several leagues. Further he enquired our Captain's name and whither wee
+were bound. Wee answered to Mallacca. They too and [would have] had the
+Captain gone aboard to drink a glass of wine. Wee said that would see
+one another at Mallacca. Then he called to lye by and he would come
+aboard us. Our answer was as before, saying it was late. He said, true,
+it was for China, and enquired whether should touch at the Water Islands
+[Pulo Ondan, off Malacca]. Wee said should. Then said he, So shall wee.
+After he had asked us all these questions wee desired to know from
+whence he was. He said from London, their Captain name Collyford, the
+ship named the _Resolution_, bound for China. This Collyford had been
+Gunners Mate at Bombay, and after run away with the Ketch.
+
+Thus past the 8th July. Friday the 9th do., he being some distance from
+us, About 1/2 an hour after 10 came up with us. Then it grew calme. Wee
+could discerne a fellow on the Quarter Deck wearing a sword. As he drew
+near, this Hellish Imp cried, Strike you doggs, which [wee] perceived
+was not by a general consent for he was called away. Our Boatswaine in a
+fury run upon the poop, unknown to the Captain, and answered that wee
+would strike to noe such doggs as he, telling him the rogue Every and
+his accomplices were all hanged. The Captain was angry that he spake
+without order, then ordered to haile him and askt what was his reason to
+dogg us. One stept forward on the forecastle, beckoned with his hand and
+said, Gentlemen, wee want not your ship nor men, but money. Wee told
+them had none for them but bid them come up alongside and take it as
+could gett it. Then a parcell of bloodhound rogues clasht their
+cutlashes and said they would have itt or our hearts blood, saying,
+"What doe you not know us to be the _Moca_?" Our answer was Yes, Yes.
+Thereon they gave a great shout and so they all went out of sight and
+wee to our quarters. They were going to hoist colours but the ensigne
+halliards broke, which our people perceiving gave a great shout, so they
+lett them alone.
+
+As soon as they could bring their chase gunns to bear, fired upon us and
+soe kept on our quarter. Our gunns would not bear in a small space, but
+as soon as did hap, gave them better than [the pirates] did like. His
+second shott carried away our spritt saile yard. About half on hour
+after or more he came up alongside and soe wee powered in upon him and
+continued, some time broadsides and sometimes three or four gunns as
+opportunity presented and could bring them to doe best service. He was
+going to lay us athwart the hawse, but by God's providence Captain Hide
+frustrated his intent by pouring a broadside into him, which made him
+give back and goe asterne, where he lay and paused without fireing, then
+in a small space fired one gunn. The shott come in at our round house
+window without damage to any person, after which he filled and bore
+away, and when was about 1/4 mile off fired a gunn to leeward, which wee
+answered by another to windward. About an hour after he tackt and came
+up with us againe. Wee made noe saile, but lay by to receive him, but he
+kept aloof off. The distance att most in all our fireing was never more
+than two ships length; the time of our engagement was from 1/2 an hour
+after 11 till about 3 afternoon.
+
+When [wee] came to see what damage [wee] had sustained, found our Cheife
+Mate, Mr. Smith, wounded in the legg, close by the knee, with a splinter
+or piece of chaine, which cannot well be told, our Barber had two of his
+fingers shott off as was spunging one of our gunns, the Gunner's boy had
+his legg shott off in the waste, John Amos, Quartermaster, had his leg
+shott off [while] at the helme, the Boatswaine's boy (a lad of 13 years
+old) was shott in the thigh, which went through and splintered his bone,
+the Armorer Jos. Osborne in the round house wounded by a splinter just
+in the temple, the Captain's boy on the Quarter Deck a small shott
+raised his scull through his cap and was the first person wounded and
+att the first onsett. Wm. Reynolds's boy had the brim of his hatt 1/2
+shott off and his forefinger splintered very sorely. John Blake, turner,
+the flesh of his legg and calfe a great part shott away.
+
+Our ships damage is the Mizentopmast shott close by the cap and it was a
+miracle stood soe long and did not fall in the rogues sight. Our rigging
+shott that had but one running rope left clear, our mainshrouds three on
+one side, two on the other cutt in two. Our mainyard ten feet from the
+mast by a shott cutt 8 inches deep, our foretopmast backstays shott
+away, a great shott in the roundhouse, one on the Quarter Deck and two
+of the roundhouse shott came on the said deck, severall in the stearidge
+betwixt decks and in the forecastle, two in the bread room which caused
+us to make much water and damaged the greatest part of our bread. They
+dismounted one of our gunns in the roundhouse, two in the stearidge, two
+in the waste, one in the forecastle, with abundance more damage which
+may seem tedious to rehearse.
+
+Their small shott were most Tinn and Tuthenage [_tutenaga_, spelter].
+They fired pieces of glass-bottles, do. teapots, chains, stones and what
+not, which were found on our decks. We could observe abundance of great
+shott to have passed through the rogues foresaile, and our hope is have
+done that to him which [will] make him shunn having to do with any
+Europe ship againe. Att night wee perceived kept close their lights. Wee
+did the like and lay by. In the morning they were as far off as [wee]
+could discerne upon deck. Wee sent up to see how they stood, which was
+right with us. In the night wee knotted our rigging and in the morning
+made all haist to repare our carriages.
+
+Our men, seeing they stood after us, [wee] could perceive their
+countinances to be dejected. Wee cheared them what wee could, and, for
+their encouragement, the Captain and wee of our proper money did give
+them, to every man and boy, three dollars each, which animated them, and
+promised to give them as much more if engaged againe, and that if [wee]
+took the ship, for every prisoner five pounds and besides a gratuity
+from the Gentlemen Employers. Wee read the King's Proclamation about
+Every, &c., and the Right Honble. Company's.
+
+About 9 o'clock the 10th July wee perceived the rogue made from us, soe
+wee gave the Almighty our most condigne thanks for his mercy that
+delivered us not to the worst of our enimies, for truly he [the pirate]
+was very strong, having at least an hundred Europeans on board, 34 gunns
+mounted, besides 10 pattererers and 2 small mortars in the head; his
+lower tier, some of them, as wee judged, sixteen and eighteen pounders.
+We lay as near our course as could, and next day saw land on our
+starboard side which was the Maine [Land]. Kept on our way.
+
+The 12th July dyed the Boatswaine's boy, George Mopp, in the morning.
+Friday the 16th do. in the evening dyed the Gunner's boy, Thomas
+Matthews. Sunday the 18th at anchor two leagues from the Pillo Sumbelong
+[Pulo Sembilan] Islands dyed the Barber, Andrew Miller. Do. the 31st
+dyed the Cheife Mate, Mr. John Smith. The other two are yet in a very
+deplorable condition and wee are ashore here to refresh them.... The
+Chinese further report ... the _Mocco_ was at the Maldives and creaned
+[careened]; there they gave an end to the life of their commanding rogue
+Stout, who they murdered for attempting to run away.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[15] From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+
+
+
+JADDI THE MALAY PIRATE[16]
+
+
+Long before that action with the English man-of-war which drove me to
+Singapore, I sailed in a fine fleet of prahus belonging to the Rajah of
+Johore [Sultan Mahmad Shah]. We were all then very rich--ah! such
+numbers of beautiful wives and such feasting!--but, above all, we had a
+great many most holy men in our force! When the proper monsoon came, we
+proceeded to sea to fight the Bugismen [of Celebes] and Chinamen bound
+from Borneo and the Celebes to Java; for you must remember our Rajah was
+at war with them. (Jadee always maintained that the proceedings in which
+he had been engaged partook of a purely warlike, and not of a piratical
+character.)
+
+Our thirteen prahus had all been fitted out in and about Singapore. I
+wish you could have seen them, Touhan [_Tuean_, Sir]. These prahus we see
+here are nothing to them, such brass guns, such long pendants, such
+creeses [Malay _kris_, dagger]! Allah-il-Allah! Our Datoos [_datuk_, a
+chief] were indeed great men!
+
+Sailing along the coast as high as Patani, we then crossed over to
+Borneo, two Illanoon prahus acting as pilots, and reached a place
+called Sambas [West Borneo]: there we fought the Chinese and Dutchmen,
+who ill-treat our countrymen, and are trying to drive the Malays out of
+that country. Gold-dust and slaves in large quantities were here taken,
+most of the latter being our countrymen of Sumatra and Java, who are
+captured and sold to the planters and miners of the Dutch settlements.
+
+"Do you mean to say," I asked, "that the Dutch countenance such
+traffic?"
+
+"The Hollanders," replied Jadee, "have been the bane of the Malay race;
+no one knows the amount of villainy, the bloody cruelty of their system
+towards us. They drive us into our prahus to escape their taxes and
+laws, and then declare us pirates and put us to death. There are natives
+in our crew, Touhan, of Sumatra and Java, of Bianca [Banka] and Borneo;
+ask them why they hate the Dutchmen; why they would kill a Dutchman. It
+is because the Dutchman is a false man, not like the white man
+[English]. The Hollander stabs in the dark; he is a liar!"
+
+However, from Borneo we sailed to Biliton [island between Banka and
+Borneo] and Bianca, and there waited for some large junks that were
+expected. Our cruise had been so far successful, and we feasted
+away--fighting cocks, smoking opium and eating white rice. At last our
+scouts told us that a junk was in sight. She came, a lofty-sided one of
+Fokien [Fuhkien]. We knew these Amoy men would fight like tiger-cats
+for their sugar and silks; and as the breeze was fresh, we only kept her
+in sight by keeping close inshore and following her. Not to frighten the
+Chinamen, we did not hoist sail but made our slaves pull. "Oh!" said
+Jadee, warming up with the recollection of the event--"oh! it was fine
+to feel what brave fellows we then were!"
+
+Towards night we made sail and closed upon the junk, and at daylight it
+fell a stark calm, and we went at our prize like sharks. All our
+fighting men put on their war-dresses; the Illanoons danced their
+war-dance, and all our gongs sounded as we opened out to attack her on
+different sides.
+
+But those Amoy men are pigs! They burnt joss-paper; sounded their gongs,
+and received us with such showers of stones, hot-water, long pikes, and
+one or two well-directed shots that we hauled off to try the effect of
+our guns, sorry though we were to do it, for it was sure to bring the
+Dutchmen upon us. Bang! bang! we fired at them, and they at us; three
+hours did we persevere, and whenever we tried to board, the Chinese beat
+us back every time, for her side was as smooth and as high as a wall,
+with galleries overhanging.
+
+We had several men killed and hurt; a council was called; a certain
+charm was performed by one of our holy men, a famous chief, and twenty
+of our best men devoted themselves to effecting a landing on the junk's
+deck, when our look-out prahus made the signal that the Dutchmen were
+coming; and sure enough some Dutch gun-boats came sweeping round a
+headland. In a moment we were round and pulling like demons for the
+shores of Biliton, the gun-boats in chase of us, and the Chinese howling
+with delight. The sea-breeze freshened and brought up a schooner-rigged
+boat very fast. We had been at work twenty-four hours and were heartily
+tired; our slaves could work no longer, so we prepared for the
+Hollanders; they were afraid to close upon us and commenced firing at a
+distance. This was just what we wanted; we had guns as well as they, and
+by keeping up the fight until dark, we felt sure of escape. The
+Dutchmen, however, knew this too, and kept closing gradually upon us;
+and when they saw our prahus bailing out water and blood, they knew we
+were suffering and cheered like devils. We were desperate; surrender to
+Dutchmen we never would; we closed together for mutual support, and
+determined at last, if all hope of escape ceased, to run our prahus
+ashore, burn them, and lie hid in the jungle until a future day. But a
+brave Datoo with his shattered prahus saved us; he proposed to let the
+Dutchmen board her, creese [stab with a _kris_] all that did so, and
+then trust to Allah for his escape.
+
+It was done immediately; we all pulled a short distance away and left
+the brave Datoo's prahu like a wreck abandoned. How the Dutchmen yelled
+and fired into her! The slaves and cowards jumped out of the prahu, but
+our braves kept quiet; at last, as we expected, one gun-boat dashed
+alongside of their prize and boarded her in a crowd. Then was the time
+to see how the Malay man could fight; the creese was worth twenty
+swords, and the Dutchmen went down like sheep. We fired to cover our
+countrymen, who, as soon as their work was done, jumped overboard and
+swam to us; but the brave Datoo, with many more died as brave Malays
+should do, running a-muck against a host of enemies.
+
+The gun-boats were quite scared by this punishment, and we lost no time
+in getting away as rapidly as possible; but the accursed schooner, by
+keeping more in the offing, held the wind and preserved her position,
+signaling all the while for the gun-boats to follow her. We did not want
+to fight any more; it was evidently an unlucky day. On the opposite side
+of the channel to that we were on, the coral reefs and shoals would
+prevent the Hollanders following us: it was determined at all risks to
+get there in spite of the schooner. With the first of the land-wind in
+the evening we set sail before it and steered across for Bianca. The
+schooner placed herself in our way like a clever sailor, so as to turn
+us back; but we were determined to push on, take her fire, and run all
+risks.
+
+It was a sight to see us meeting one another; but we were desperate: we
+had killed plenty of Dutchmen; it was their turn now. I was in the
+second prahu, and well it was so, for when the headmost one got close
+to the schooner, the Dutchman fired all his guns into her, and knocked
+her at once into a wrecked condition. We gave one cheer, fired our guns
+and then pushed on for our lives. "Ah! sir, it was a dark night indeed
+for us. Three prahus in all were sunk and the whole force dispersed."
+
+To add to our misfortunes a strong gale sprang up. We were obliged to
+carry canvas; our prahu leaked from shot-holes; the sea continually
+broke into her; we dared not run into the coral reefs on such a night,
+and bore up for the Straits of Malacca. The wounded writhed and shrieked
+in their agony, and we had to pump, we fighting men, and bale like
+_black fellows_ [Caffre or negro slaves]! By two in the morning we were
+all worn out. I felt indifferent whether I was drowned or not, and many
+threw down their buckets and sat down to die. The wind increased and, at
+last, as if to put us out of our misery, just such a squall as this came
+down upon us. I saw it was folly contending against our fate, and
+followed the general example. "God is great!" we exclaimed, but the
+Rajah of Johore came and reproved us. "Work until daylight," he said,
+"and I will ensure your safety." We pointed at the black storm which was
+approaching. "Is that what you fear?" he replied, and going below he
+produced just such a wooden spoon and did what you have seen me do, and
+I tell you, my captain, as I would if the "Company Sahib" stood before
+me, that the storm was nothing, and that we had a dead calm one hour
+afterwards and were saved. God is great and Mahomet is his prophet!--but
+there is no charm like the Johore one for killing the wind!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[16] From _The Indian Antiquary_, Vol. 49.
+
+
+
+
+THE TERRIBLE LADRONES[17]
+
+RICHARD GLASSPOOLE
+
+
+On the 17th of September, 1809, the Honorable Company's ship _Marquis of
+Ely_ anchored under the Island of _Sam Chow_, in China, about twelve
+English miles from Macao, where I was ordered to proceed in one of our
+cutters to procure a pilot, and also to land the purser with the packet.
+I left the ship at 5 P.M. with seven men under my command, well armed.
+It blew a fresh gale from the N. E. We arrived at Macao at 9 P.M., where
+I delivered the packet to Mr. Roberts, and sent the men with the boat's
+sails to sleep under the Company's Factory, and left the boat in charge
+of one of the Compradore's men; during the night the gale increased. At
+half-past three in the morning I went to the beach, and found the boat
+on shore half-filled with water, in consequence of the man having left
+her. I called the people, and baled her out; found she was considerably
+damaged, and very leaky. At half-past 5 A.M., the ebb-tide making, we
+left Macao with vegetables for the ship.
+
+One of the Compradore's men who spoke English went with us for the
+purpose of piloting the ship to Lintin, as the Mandarines, in
+consequence of a late disturbance at Macao, would not grant permission
+for regular pilots. I had every reason to expect the ship in the roads,
+as she was preparing to get under weigh when we left her; but on our
+rounding Cabaretta-Point, we saw her five or six miles to leeward, under
+weigh, standing on the starboard tack: it was then blowing fresh at N.
+E. Bore up, and stood towards her; when about a cable's length to
+windward of her, she tacked; we hauled our wind and stood after her. A
+hard squall then coming on, with a strong tide and heavy swell against
+us, we drifted fast to leeward, and the weather being hazy, we soon lost
+sight of the ship. Struck our masts, and endeavored to pull; finding our
+efforts useless, set a reefed foresail and mizzen, and stood towards a
+country-ship at anchor under the land to leeward of Cabaretta-Point.
+When within a quarter of a mile of her she weighed and made sail,
+leaving us in a very critical situation, having no anchor, and drifting
+bodily on the rocks to leeward. Struck the masts: after four or five
+hours hard pulling, succeeded in clearing them.
+
+At this time not a ship in sight; the weather clearing up, we saw a ship
+to leeward, hull down, shipped our masts, and made sail towards her; she
+proved to be the Honourable Company's ship _Glatton_. We made signals to
+her with our handkerchiefs at the mast-head, she unfortunately took no
+notice of them, but tacked and stood from us. Our situation was now
+truly distressing, night closing fast, with a threatening appearance,
+blowing fresh, with hard rain and a heavy sea; our boat very leaky,
+without a compass, anchor or provisions, and drifting fast on a
+lee-shore, surrounded with dangerous rocks, and inhabited by the most
+barbarous pirates. I close-reefed my sails, and kept tack and tack 'till
+daylight, when we were happy to find we had drifted very little to
+leeward of our situation in the evening. The night was very dark, with
+constant hard squalls and heavy rain.
+
+Tuesday, the 19th, no ships in sight. About ten o'clock in the morning
+it fell calm, with very hard rain and a heavy swell;--struck our masts
+and pulled, not being able to see the land, steered by the swell. When
+the weather broke up, found we had drifted several miles to leeward.
+During the calm a fresh breeze springing up, made sail, and endeavored
+to reach the weather-shore, and anchor with six muskets we had lashed
+together for that purpose. Finding the boat made no way against the
+swell and tide, bore up for a bay to leeward, and anchored about one
+A.M. close under the land in five or six fathoms water, blowing fresh,
+with hard rain.
+
+Wednesday, the 20th, at daylight, supposing the flood-tide making,
+weighed and stood over to the weather-land, but found we were drifting
+fast to leeward. About ten o'clock perceived two Chinese boats steering
+for us. Bore up, and stood towards them, and made signals to induce
+them to come within hail; on nearing them, they bore up, and passed to
+leeward of the islands. The Chinese we had in the boat advised me to
+follow them, and he would take us to Macao by the leeward passage. I
+expressed my fears of being taken by the Ladrones. Our ammunition being
+wet, and the muskets rendered useless, we had nothing to defend
+ourselves with but cutlasses, and in too distressed a situation to make
+much resistance with them, having been constantly wet, and eaten nothing
+but a few green oranges for three days.
+
+As our present situation was a hopeless one, and the man assured me
+there was no fear of encountering any Ladrones, I complied with his
+request, and stood in to leeward of the islands, where we found the
+water much smoother, and apparently a direct passage to Macao. We
+continued pulling and sailing all day. At six o'clock in the evening I
+discovered three large boats at anchor in a bay to leeward. On seeing us
+they weighed and made sail towards us. The Chinese said they were
+Ladrones, and that if they captured us they would most certainly put us
+all to death! Finding they gained fast on us, struck the masts, and
+pulled head to wind for five or six hours. The tide turning against us,
+anchored close under the land to avoid being seen. Soon after we saw the
+boats pass us to leeward.
+
+Thursday, the 21st, at daylight, the flood making, weighed and pulled
+along shore in great spirits, expecting to be at Macao in two or three
+hours, as by the Chinese account it was not above six or seven miles
+distant. After pulling a mile or two perceived several people on shore,
+standing close to the beach; they were armed with pikes and lances. I
+ordered the interpreter to hail them, and ask the most direct passage to
+Macao. They said if we came on shore they would inform us; not liking
+their hostile appearance, I did not think proper to comply with the
+request. Saw a large fleet of boats at anchor close under the opposite
+shore. Our interpreter said they were fishing-boats, and that by going
+there we should not only get provisions, but a pilot also to take us to
+Macao.
+
+I bore up, and on nearing them perceived there were some large vessels,
+very full of men, and mounted with several guns. I hesitated to approach
+nearer; but the Chinese assuring me they were Mandarine junks[18] and
+salt-boats, we stood close to one of them, and asked the way to Macao.
+They gave no answer, but made some signs to us to go in shore. We passed
+on, and a large rowboat pulled after us; she soon came alongside, when
+about twenty savage-looking villains, who were stowed at the bottom of
+the boat, leaped on board us. They were armed with a short sword in each
+hand, one of which they laid on our necks, and the other pointed to our
+breasts, keeping their eyes fixed on their officer, waiting his signal
+to cut or desist. Seeing we were incapable of making any resistance, he
+sheathed his sword, and the others immediately followed his example.
+They then dragged us into their boat, and carried us on board one of
+their junks, with the most savage demonstrations of joy, and as we
+supposed, to torture and put us to a cruel death. When on board the
+junk, they searched all our pockets, took the handkerchiefs from our
+necks, and brought heavy chains to chain us to the guns.
+
+At this time a boat came, and took me, with one of my men and the
+interpreter, on board the chief's vessel. I was then taken before the
+chief. He was seated on deck, in a large chair, dressed in purple silk,
+with a black turban on. He appeared to be about thirty years of age, a
+stout commanding-looking man. He took me by the coat, and drew me close
+to him; then questioned the interpreter very strictly, asking who we
+were, and what was our business in that part of the country. I told him
+to say we were Englishmen in distress, having been four days at sea
+without provisions. This he would not credit, but said we were bad men,
+and that he would put us all to death; and then ordered some men to put
+the interpreter to the torture until he confessed the truth.
+
+Upon this occasion, a Ladrone, who had been once to England and spoke a
+few words of English, came to the chief, and told him we were really
+Englishmen, and that we had plenty of money, adding, that the buttons on
+my coat were gold. The chief then ordered us some coarse brown rice, of
+which we made a tolerable meal, having eat nothing for nearly four days,
+except a few green oranges. During our repast, a number of Ladrones
+crowded round us, examining our clothes and hair, and giving us every
+possible annoyance. Several of them brought swords, and laid them on our
+necks, making signs that they would soon take us on shore, and cut us in
+pieces, which I am sorry to say was the fate of some hundreds during my
+captivity.
+
+I was now summoned before the chief, who had been conversing with the
+interpreter; he said I must write to my captain, and tell him, if he did
+not send a hundred thousand dollars for our ransom, in ten days he would
+put us all to death. In vain did I assure him it was useless writing
+unless he would agree to take a much smaller sum; saying we were all
+poor men, and the most we could possibly raise would not exceed two
+thousand dollars. Finding that he was much exasperated at my
+expostulations, I embraced the offer of writing to inform my commander
+of our unfortunate situation, though there appeared not the least
+probability of relieving us. They said the letter should be conveyed to
+Macao in a fishing-boat, which would bring an answer in the morning. A
+small boat accordingly came alongside, and took the letter.
+
+About six o'clock in the evening they gave us some rice and a little
+salt fish, which we ate, and they made signs for us to lay down on the
+deck to sleep; but such numbers of Ladrones were constantly coming from
+different vessels to see us, and examine our clothes and hair, they
+would not allow us a moment's quiet. They were particularly anxious for
+the buttons of my coat, which were new, and as they supposed gold. I
+took it off, and laid it on the deck to avoid being disturbed by them;
+it was taken away in the night, and I saw it on the next day stripped of
+its buttons.
+
+About nine o'clock a boat came and hailed the chief's vessel; he
+immediately hoisted his mainsail, and the fleet weighed apparently in
+great confusion. They worked to windward all night and part of the next
+day, and anchored about one o'clock in a bay under the island of Lantow,
+where the head admiral of Ladrones was lying at anchor, with about two
+hundred vessels and a Portuguese brig they had captured a few days
+before, and murdered the captain and part of the crew.
+
+Saturday, the 23d, early in the morning, a fishing-boat came to the
+fleet to inquire if they had captured an European boat; being answered
+in the affirmative, they came to the vessel I was in. One of them spoke
+a few words of English, and told me he had a Ladrone-pass, and was sent
+by Captain Kay in search of us; I was rather surprised to find he had no
+letter. He appeared to be well acquainted with the chief, and remained
+in his cabin smoking opium, and playing cards all the day.[19]
+
+In the evening I was summoned with the interpreter before the chief. He
+questioned us in a much milder tone, saying, he now believed we were
+Englishmen, a people he wished to be friendly with; and that if our
+captain would lend him seventy thousand dollars 'till he returned from
+his cruise up the river, he would repay him, and send us all to Macao. I
+assured him it was useless writing on those terms, and unless our ransom
+was speedily settled, the English fleet would sail, and render our
+enlargement altogether ineffectual. He remained determined, and said if
+it were not sent, he would keep us, and make us fight, or put us to
+death. I accordingly wrote, and gave my letter to the man belonging to
+the boat before mentioned. He said he could not return with an answer in
+less than five days.
+
+The chief now gave me the letter I wrote when first taken. I have never
+been able to ascertain his reasons for detaining it, but suppose he dare
+not negotiate for our ransom without orders from the head admiral, who I
+understood was sorry at our being captured. He said the English ships
+would join the mandarines and attack them.[20] He told the chief that
+captured us, to dispose of us as he pleased.
+
+Monday, the 24th, it blew a strong gale, with constant hard rain; we
+suffered much from the cold and wet, being obliged to remain on deck
+with no covering but an old mat, which was frequently taken from us in
+the night by the Ladrones who were on watch. During the night the
+Portuguese who were left in the brig murdered the Ladrones that were on
+board of her, cut the cables, and fortunately escaped through the
+darkness of the night. I have since been informed they ran her on shore
+near Macao.
+
+Tuesday, the 25th, at daylight in the morning, the fleet, amounting to
+about five hundred sail of different sizes, weighed, to proceed on their
+intended cruise up the rivers, to levy contributions on the towns and
+villages. It is impossible to describe what were my feelings at this
+critical time, having received no answers to my letters, and the fleet
+under-way to sail,--hundreds of miles up a country never visited by
+Europeans, there to remain probably for many months, which would render
+all opportunities of negotiating for our enlargement totally
+ineffectual; as the only method of communication is by boats, that have
+a pass from the Ladrones, and they dare not venture above twenty miles
+from Macao, being obliged to come and go in the night, to avoid the
+Mandarines; and if these boats should be detected in having any
+intercourse with the Ladrones, they are immediately put to death, and
+all their relations, though they had not joined in the crime,[21] share
+in the punishment, in order that not a single person of their families
+should be left to imitate their crimes or revenge their death. This
+severity renders communication both dangerous and expensive; no boat
+would venture out for less than a hundred Spanish dollars.
+
+Wednesday, the 26th, at daylight, we passed in sight of our ships at
+anchor under the island of Chun Po. The chief then called me, pointed to
+the ships, and told the interpreter to tell us to look at them, for we
+should never see them again. About noon we entered a river to the
+westward of the Bogue, three or four miles from the entrance. We passed
+a large town situated on the side of a beautiful hill, which is
+tributary to the Ladrones; the inhabitants saluted them with songs as
+they passed.
+
+The fleet now divided into two squadrons (the red and the black)[22] and
+sailed up different branches of the river. At midnight the division we
+were in anchored close to an immense hill, on the top of which a number
+of fires were burning, which at daylight I perceived proceeded from a
+Chinese camp. At the back of the hill was a most beautiful town,
+surrounded by water, and embellished with groves of orange trees. The
+chop-house (custom-house)[23] and a few cottages were immediately
+plundered, and burned down; most of the inhabitants, however, escaped to
+the camp.
+
+The Ladrones now prepared to attack the town with a formidable force,
+collected in rowboats from the different vessels. They sent a messenger
+to the town, demanding a tribute of ten thousand dollars annually,
+saying, if these terms were not complied with, they would land, destroy
+the town, and murder all the inhabitants; which they would certainly
+have done, had the town laid in a more advantageous situation for their
+purpose; but being placed out of the reach of their shot, they allowed
+them to come to terms. The inhabitants agreed to pay six thousand
+dollars, which they were to collect by the time of our return down the
+river. This finesse had the desired effect, for during our absence they
+mounted a few guns on a hill, which commanded the passage, and gave us
+in lieu of the dollars a warm salute on our return.
+
+October the 1st, the fleet weighed in the night, dropped by the tide up
+the river, and anchored very quietly before a town surrounded by a thick
+wood. Early in the morning the Ladrones assembled in rowboats and
+landed; then gave a shout, and rushed into the town, sword in hand. The
+inhabitants fled to the adjacent hills, in numbers apparently superior
+to the Ladrones. We may easily imagine to ourselves the horror with
+which these miserable people must be seized, on being obliged to leave
+their homes, and everything dear to them. It was a most melancholy sight
+to see women in tears, clasping their infants in their arms, and
+imploring mercy for them from those brutal robbers! The old and the
+sick, who were unable to fly, or to make resistance, were either made
+prisoners or most inhumanly butchered! The boats continued passing and
+repassing from the junks to the shore, in quick succession, laden with
+booty, and the men besmeared with blood! Two hundred and fifty women,
+and several children, were made prisoners, and sent on board different
+vessels. They were unable to escape with the men, owing to that
+abominable practice of cramping their feet: several of them were not
+able to move without assistance, in fact, they might all be said to
+totter, rather than walk. Twenty of these poor women were sent on board
+the vessel I was in; they were hauled on board by the hair, and treated
+in a most savage manner.
+
+When the chief came on board, he questioned them respecting the
+circumstances of their friends, and demanded ransoms accordingly, from
+six thousand to six hundred dollars each. He ordered them a berth on
+deck, at the after part of the vessel, where they had nothing to shelter
+them from the weather, which at this time was very variable,--the days
+excessively hot, and the nights cold, with heavy rains. The town being
+plundered of every thing valuable, it was set on fire, and reduced to
+ashes by the morning. The fleet remained here three days, negotiating
+for the ransom of the prisoners, and plundering the fish-tanks and
+gardens. During all this time, the Chinese never ventured from the
+hills, though there were frequently not more than a hundred Ladrones on
+shore at a time, and I am sure the people on the hills exceeded ten
+times that number.[24]
+
+October 5th, the fleet proceeded up another branch of the river,
+stopping at several small villages to receive tribute, which was
+generally paid in dollars, sugar and rice, with a few large pigs roasted
+whole, as presents for their joss (the idol they worship).[25] Every
+person on being ransomed, is obliged to present him with a pig, or some
+fowls, which the priest offers him with prayers; it remains before him a
+few hours, and is then divided amongst the crew. Nothing particular
+occurred 'till the 10th, except frequent skirmishes on shore between
+small parties of Ladrones and Chinese soldiers. They frequently obliged
+my men to go on shore, and fight with the muskets we had when taken,
+which did great execution, the Chinese principally using bows and
+arrows. They have match-locks, but use them very unskillfully.
+
+On the 10th, we formed a junction with the black squadron, and proceeded
+many miles up a wide and beautiful river, passing several ruins of
+villages that had been destroyed by the black squadron. On the 17th, the
+fleet anchored abreast four mud batteries, which defended a town, so
+entirely surrounded with wood that it was impossible to form any idea of
+its size. The weather was very hazy, with hard squalls of rain. The
+Ladrones remained perfectly quiet for two days. On the third day the
+forts commenced a brisk fire for several hours: the Ladrones did not
+return a single shot, but weighed in the night and dropped down the
+river.
+
+The reasons they gave for not attacking the town, or returning the fire,
+were that Joss had not promised them success. They are very
+superstitious, and consult their idol on all occasions. If his omens are
+good, they will undertake the most daring enterprizes.
+
+The fleet now anchored opposite the ruins of the town where the women
+had been made prisoners. Here we remained five or six days, during
+which time about a hundred of the women were ransomed; the remainder
+were offered for sale amongst the Ladrones, for forty dollars each. The
+woman is considered the lawful wife of the purchaser, who would be put
+to death if he discarded her. Several of them leaped overboard and
+drowned themselves, rather than submit to such infamous degradation.
+
+The fleet then weighed and made sail down the river, to receive the
+ransom from the town before mentioned. As we passed the hill, they fired
+several shots at us, but without effect. The Ladrones were much
+exasperated, and determined to revenge themselves; they dropped out of
+reach of their shot, and anchored. Every junk sent about a hundred men
+each on shore, to cut paddy, and destroy their orange-groves, which was
+most effectually performed for several miles down the river. During our
+stay here, they received information of nine boats lying up a creek,
+laden with paddy; boats were immediately dispatched after them.
+
+Next morning these boats were brought to the fleet; ten or twelve men
+were taken in them. As these had made no resistance, the chief said he
+would allow them to become Ladrones, if they agreed to take the usual
+oaths before Joss. Three or four of them refused to comply, for which
+they were punished in the following cruel manner: their hands were tied
+behind their back, a rope from the mast-head rove through their arms,
+and hoisted three or four feet from the deck, and five or six men
+flogged them with three rattans twisted together 'till they were
+apparently dead; then hoisted them up to the mast-head, and left them
+hanging nearly an hour, then lowered them down, and repeated the
+punishment, 'till they died or complied with the oath.
+
+October the 20th, in the night, an express-boat came with the
+information that a large mandarine fleet was proceeding up the river to
+attack us. The chief immediately weighed, with fifty of the largest
+vessels, and sailed down the river to meet them. About one in the
+morning they commenced a heavy fire till daylight, when an express was
+sent for the remainder of the fleet to join them: about an hour after a
+counter-order to anchor came, the mandarine fleet having run. Two or
+three hours afterwards the chief returned with three captured vessels in
+tow, having sunk two, and eighty-three sail made their escape. The
+admiral of the mandarines blew his vessel up, by throwing a lighted
+match into the magazine as the Ladrones were boarding her; she ran on
+shore, and they succeeded in getting twenty of her guns.
+
+In this action very few prisoners were taken: the men belonging to the
+captured vessels drowned themselves, as they were sure of suffering a
+lingering and cruel death if taken after making resistance. The admiral
+left the fleet in charge of his brother, the second in command, and
+proceeded with his own vessel towards Lantow. The fleet remained in
+this river, cutting paddy, and getting the necessary supplies.
+
+On the 28th of October, I received a letter from Captain Kay, brought by
+a fisherman, who had told him he would get us all back for three
+thousand dollars. He advised me to offer three thousand, and if not
+accepted, extend it to four; but not farther, as it was bad policy to
+offer much at first: at the same time assuring me we should be
+liberated, let the ransom be what it would. I offered the chief the
+three thousand, which he disdainfully refused, saying he was not to be
+played with; and unless they sent ten thousand dollars, and two large
+guns, with several casks of gunpowder, he would soon put us all to
+death. I wrote to Captain Kay, and informed him of the chief's
+determination, requesting if an opportunity offered, to send us a shift
+of clothes, for which it may be easily imagined we were much distressed,
+having been seven weeks without a shift; although constantly exposed to
+the weather, and of course frequently wet.
+
+On the first of November, the fleet sailed up a narrow river, and
+anchored at night within two miles of a town called Little Whampoa. In
+front of it was a small fort, and several mandarine vessels lying in the
+harbor. The chief sent the interpreter to me, saying I must order my men
+to make cartridges and clean their muskets, ready to go on shore in the
+morning. I assured the interpreter I should give the men no such
+orders, that they must please themselves. Soon after the chief came on
+board, threatening to put us all to a cruel death if we refused to obey
+his orders. For my own part I remained determined, and advised the men
+not to comply, as I thought by making ourselves useful we should be
+accounted too valuable.
+
+A few hours afterwards he sent to me again, saying, that if myself and
+the quartermaster would assist them at the great guns, that if also the
+rest of the men went on shore and succeeded in taking the place, he
+would then take the money offered for our ransom, and give them twenty
+dollars for every Chinaman's head they cut off. To these proposals we
+cheerfully acceded, in hopes of facilitating our deliverance.
+
+Early in the morning the forces intended for landing were assembled in
+rowboats, amounting in the whole to three or four thousand men. The
+largest vessels weighed, and hauled in shore, to cover the landing of
+the forces, and attack the fort and mandarine vessels. About nine
+o'clock the action commenced, and continued with great spirit for nearly
+an hour, when the walls of the fort gave way, and the men retreated in
+the greatest confusion.
+
+The mandarine vessels still continued firing, having blocked up the
+entrance of the harbor to prevent the Ladrone boats entering. At this
+the Ladrones were much exasperated, and about three hundred of them
+swam on shore, with a short sword lashed close under each arm; they then
+ran along the banks of the river 'till they came abreast of the vessels,
+and then swam off again and boarded them. The Chinese thus attacked,
+leaped overboard, and endeavored to reach the opposite shore; the
+Ladrones followed, and cut the greater number of them to pieces in the
+water. They next towed the vessels out of the harbor, and attacked the
+town with increased fury. The inhabitants fought about a quarter of an
+hour, and then retreated to an adjacent hill, from which they were soon
+driven with great slaughter.
+
+After this the Ladrones returned, and plundered the town, every boat
+leaving it when laden. The Chinese on the hills perceiving most of the
+boats were off, rallied, and retook the town, after killing near two
+hundred Ladrones. One of my men was unfortunately lost in this dreadful
+massacre! The Ladrones landed a second time, drove the Chinese out of
+the town, then reduced it to ashes, and put all their prisoners to
+death, without regarding either age or sex!
+
+I must not omit to mention a most horrid (though ludicrous) circumstance
+which happened at this place. The Ladrones were paid by their chief ten
+dollars for every Chinaman's head they produced. One of my men turning
+the corner of a street was met by a Ladrone running furiously after a
+Chinese; he had a drawn sword in his hand, and two Chinaman's heads
+which he had cut off, tied by their tails, and slung round his neck. I
+was witness myself to some of them producing five or six to obtain
+payment!
+
+On the 4th of November an order arrived from the admiral for the fleet
+to proceed immediately to Lantow, where he was lying with only two
+vessels, and three Portuguese ships and a brig constantly annoying him;
+several sail of mandarine vessels were daily expected. The fleet weighed
+and proceeded towards Lantow. On passing the island of Lintin, three
+ships and a brig gave chase to us. The Ladrones prepared to board; but
+night closing we lost sight of them: I am convinced they altered their
+course and stood from us. These vessels were in the pay of the Chinese
+government, and style themselves the Invincible Squadron, cruising in
+the river Tigris to annihilate the Ladrones!
+
+On the fifth, in the morning, the red squadron anchored in a bay under
+Lantow; the black squadron stood to the eastward. In this bay they
+hauled several of their vessels on shore to bream their bottoms and
+repair them.
+
+In the afternoon of the 8th of November, four ships, a brig and a
+schooner came off the mouth of the bay. At first the pirates were much
+alarmed, supposing them to be English vessels come to rescue us. Some of
+them threatened to hang us to the mast-head for them to fire at; and
+with much difficulty we persuaded them that they were Portuguese. The
+Ladrones had only seven junks in a fit state for action; these they
+hauled outside, and moored them head and stern across the bay; and
+manned all the boats belonging to the repairing vessels ready for
+boarding.
+
+The Portuguese observing these maneuvers hove to, and communicated by
+boats. Soon afterwards they made sail, each ship firing her broadside as
+she passed, but without effect, the shot falling far short. The Ladrones
+did not return a single shot, but waved their colors, and threw up
+rockets, to induce them to come further in, which they might easily have
+done, the outside junks lying in four fathoms water which I sounded
+myself: though the Portuguese in their letters to Macao lamented there
+was not sufficient water for them to engage closer, but that they would
+certainly prevent their escaping before the mandarine fleet arrived!
+
+On the 20th of November, early in the morning, I perceived an immense
+fleet of mandarine vessels standing for the bay. On nearing us, they
+formed a line, and stood close in; each vessel as she discharged her
+guns tacked to join the rear and reload. They kept up a constant fire
+for about two hours, when one of their largest vessels was blown up by a
+firebrand thrown from a Ladrone junk; after which they kept at a more
+respectful distance, but continued firing without intermission 'till the
+21st at night, when it fell calm.
+
+The Ladrones towed out seven large vessels, with about two hundred
+rowboats to board them; but a breeze springing up, they made sail and
+escaped. The Ladrones returned into the bay, and anchored. The
+Portuguese and mandarines followed, and continued a heavy cannonading
+during that night and the next day. The vessel I was in had her foremast
+shot away, which they supplied very expeditiously by taking a mainmast
+from a smaller vessel.
+
+On the 23d, in the evening, it again fell calm; the Ladrones towed out
+fifteen junks in two divisions, with the intention of surrounding them,
+which was nearly effected, having come up with and boarded one, when a
+breeze suddenly sprung up. The captured vessel mounted twenty-two guns.
+Most of her crew leaped overboard; sixty or seventy were taken
+immediately, cut to pieces and thrown into the river. Early in the
+morning the Ladrones returned into the bay, and anchored in the same
+situation as before. The Portuguese and mandarines followed, keeping up
+a constant fire. The Ladrones never returned a single shot, but always
+kept in readiness to board, and the Portuguese were careful never to
+allow them an opportunity.
+
+On the 28th, at night, they sent in eight fire-vessels, which if
+properly constructed must have done great execution, having every
+advantage they could wish for to effect their purpose; a strong breeze
+and tide directly into the bay, and the vessels lying so close together
+that it was impossible to miss them. On their first appearance the
+Ladrones gave a general shout, supposing them to be mandarine vessels on
+fire, but were very soon convinced of their mistake. They came very
+regularly into the center of the fleet, two and two, burning furiously;
+one of them came alongside of the vessel I was in, but they succeeded in
+booming her off. She appeared to be a vessel of about thirty tons; her
+hold was filled with straw and wood, and there were a few small boxes of
+combustibles on her deck, which exploded alongside of us without doing
+any damage. The Ladrones, however, towed them all on shore, extinguished
+the fire, and broke them up for fire-wood. The Portuguese claim the
+credit of constructing these destructive machines, and actually sent a
+dispatch to the Governor of Macao, saying they had destroyed at least
+one-third of the Ladrones' fleet, and hoped soon to effect their purpose
+by totally annihilating them!
+
+On the 29th of November, the Ladrones being all ready for sea, they
+weighed and stood boldly out, bidding defiance to the invincible
+squadron and imperial fleet, consisting of ninety-three war-junks, six
+Portuguese ships, a brig, and a schooner. Immediately the Ladrones
+weighed, they made all sail. The Ladrones chased them two or three
+hours, keeping up a constant fire; finding they did not come up with
+them, they hauled their wind and stood to the eastward.
+
+Thus terminated the boasted blockade, which lasted nine days, during
+which time the Ladrones completed all their repairs. In this action not
+a single Ladrone vessel was destroyed, and their loss about thirty or
+forty men. An American was also killed, one of three that remained out
+of eight taken in a schooner. I had two very narrow escapes: the first,
+a twelve-pounder shot fell within three or four feet of me; another took
+a piece out of a small brass-swivel on which I was standing. The chief's
+wife frequently sprinkled me with garlic-water, which they consider an
+effectual charm against shot. The fleet continued under sail all night,
+steering towards the eastward. In the morning they anchored in a large
+bay surrounded by lofty and barren mountains.
+
+On the 2nd of December I received a letter from Lieutenant Maughn,
+commander of the Honorable Company's cruiser _Antelope_, saying that he
+had the ransom on board, and had been three days cruising after us, and
+wished me to settle with the chief on the securest method of delivering
+it. The chief agreed to send us in a small gunboat, 'till we came within
+sight of the _Antelope_; then the Compradore's boat was to bring the
+ransom and receive us.
+
+I was so agitated at receiving this joyful news, that it was with
+considerable difficulty I could scrawl about two or three lines to
+inform Lieutenant Maughn of the arrangements I had made. We were all so
+deeply affected by the gratifying tidings, that we seldom closed our
+eyes, but continued watching day and night for the boat. On the 6th she
+returned with Lieutenant Maughn's answer, saying he would respect any
+single boat; but would not allow the fleet to approach him. The chief
+then, according to his first proposal, ordered a gunboat to take us, and
+with no small degree of pleasure we left the Ladrone fleet about four
+o'clock in the morning.
+
+At one P.M. saw the _Antelope_ under all sail, standing toward us. The
+Ladrone boat immediately anchored, and dispatched the Compradore's boat
+for the ransom, saying, that if she approached nearer, they would return
+to the fleet; and they were just weighing when she shortened sail, and
+anchored about two miles from us. The boat did not reach her 'till late
+in the afternoon, owing to the tide's being strong against her. She
+received the ransom and left the _Antelope_ just before dark. A
+mandarine boat that had been lying concealed under the land, and
+watching their maneuvers, gave chase to her, and was within a few
+fathoms of taking her, when she saw a light, which the Ladrones
+answered, and the Mandarine hauled off.
+
+Our situation was now a most critical one; the ransom was in the hands
+of the Ladrones, and the Compradore dare not return with us for fear of
+a second attack from the mandarine boat. The Ladrones would not remain
+'till morning, so we were obliged to return with them to the fleet.
+
+In the morning the chief inspected the ransom, which consisted of the
+following articles: two bales of superfine scarlet cloth; two chests of
+opium; two casks of gunpowder; and a telescope; the rest in dollars. He
+objected to the telescope not being new; and said he should detain one
+of us 'till another was sent, or a hundred dollars in lieu of it. The
+Compradore however agreed with him for the hundred dollars.
+
+Every thing being at length settled, the chief ordered two gunboats to
+convey us near the _Antelope_; we saw her just before dusk, when the
+Ladrone boats left us. We had the inexpressible pleasure of arriving on
+board the _Antelope_ at 7 P.M., where we were most cordially received,
+and heartily congratulated on our safe and happy deliverance from a
+miserable captivity, which we had endured for eleven weeks and three
+days.
+
+
+_A few Remarks on the Origin, Progress, Manners, and Customs of the
+Ladrones_
+
+The Ladrones are a disaffected race of Chinese, that revolted against
+the oppressions of the mandarins. They first commenced their
+depredations on the Western coast (Cochin-China), by attacking small
+trading vessels in rowboats, carrying from thirty to forty men each.
+They continued this system of piracy several years; at length their
+successes, and the oppressive state of the Chinese, had the effect of
+rapidly increasing their numbers. Hundreds of fishermen and others
+flocked to their standard; and as their number increased they
+consequently became more desperate. They blockaded all the principal
+rivers, and captured several large junks, mounting from ten to fifteen
+guns each.
+
+With these junks they formed a very formidable fleet, and no small
+vessels could trade on the coast with safety. They plundered several
+small villages, and exercised such wanton barbarity as struck horror
+into the breasts of the Chinese. To check these enormities the
+government equipped a fleet of forty imperial war-junks, mounting from
+eighteen to twenty guns each. On the very first rencontre, twenty-eight
+of the imperial junks struck to the pirates; the rest saved themselves
+by a precipitate retreat.
+
+These junks, fully equipped for war, were a great acquisition to them.
+Their numbers augmented so rapidly, that at the period of my captivity
+they were supposed to amount to near seventy thousand men, eight hundred
+large vessels, and nearly a thousand small ones, including rowboats.
+They were divided into five squadrons, distinguished by different
+colored flags: each squadron commanded by an admiral, or chief; but all
+under the orders of A-juo-Chay (Ching y[)i]h saou), their premier chief,
+a most daring and enterprising man, who went so far as to declare his
+intention of displacing the present Tartar family from the throne of
+China, and to restore the ancient Chinese dynasty.
+
+This extraordinary character would have certainly shaken the foundation
+of the government, had he not been thwarted by the jealousy of the
+second in command, who declared his independence, and soon after
+surrendered to the mandarines with five hundred vessels, on promise of a
+pardon. Most of the inferior chiefs followed his example. A-juo-Chay
+(Ching y[)i]h saou) held out a few months longer, and at length
+surrendered with sixteen thousand men, on condition of a general pardon,
+and himself to be made a mandarine of distinction.
+
+The Ladrones have no settled residence on shore, but live constantly in
+their vessels. The after-part is appropriated to the captain and his
+wives; he generally has five or six. With respect to conjugal rights
+they are religiously strict; no person is allowed to have a woman on
+board, unless married to her according to their laws. Every man is
+allowed a small berth, about four feet square, where he stows with his
+wife and family.
+
+From the number of souls crowded in so small a space, it must naturally
+be supposed they are horridly dirty, which is evidently the case, and
+their vessels swarm with all kinds of vermin. Rats in particular, which
+they encourage to breed, and eat them as great delicacies; in fact,
+there are very few creatures they will not eat. During our captivity we
+lived three weeks on caterpillars boiled with rice. They are much
+addicted to gambling, and spend all their leisure hours at cards and
+smoking opium.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[17] From _The Ladrone Pirates_.
+
+[18] _Junk_ is the Canton pronunciation of _chuen_, ship.
+
+[19] The pirates had many other intimate acquaintances on shore, like
+Doctor _Chow_ of Macao.
+
+[20] The pirates were always afraid of this. We find the following
+statement concerning the Chinese pirates, taken from the records in the
+East-India House, and printed in Appendix C. to the _Report relative to
+the trade with the East-Indies and China_, in the sessions 1820 and 1821
+(reprinted 1829), p. 387.
+
+"In the year 1808, 1809, and 1810, the Canton river was so infested with
+pirates, who were also in such force, that the Chinese government made
+an attempt to subdue them, but failed. The pirates totally destroyed the
+Chinese force; ravaged the river in every direction; threatened to
+attack the city of Canton, and destroyed many towns and villages on the
+banks of the river; and killed or carried off, to serve as Ladrones,
+several thousands of inhabitants.
+
+"These events created an alarm extremely prejudicial to the commerce of
+Canton, and compelled the Company's supercargoes to fit out a small
+country ship to cruize for a short time against the pirates."
+
+[21] That the whole family must suffer for the crime of one individual,
+seems to be the most cruel and foolish law of the whole Chinese criminal
+code.
+
+[22] We know by the "History of the Chinese Pirates," that these "wasps
+of the ocean," to speak with _Yuen tsze yung lun_, were originally
+divided into six squadrons.
+
+[23] In the barbarous Chinese-English spoken at Canton, all things are
+indiscriminately called _chop_. You hear of a chop-house, chop-boat,
+tea-chop, Chaou-chaou-chop, etc. To give a bill or agreement on making a
+bargain is in Chinese called _ch[)a] tan_; ch[)a] in the pronunciation
+of Canton is _chop_, which is then applied to any writing whatever.
+
+[24] The following is the _Character of the Chinese of Canton, as given
+in ancient Chinese books_: "People of Canton are silly, light, weak in
+body, and weak in mind, without any ability to fight on land."
+
+[25] _Joss_ is a Chinese corruption of the Portuguese _Dios_, _God_. The
+Joss, or idol, of which Mr. Glasspoole speaks is the _San po shin_,
+which is spoken of in the work of Yuen tsze.
+
+
+
+
+THE FEMALE CAPTIVE[26]
+
+LUCRETIA PARKER
+
+
+The event which is here related is the capture by the Pirates of the
+English sloop _Eliza Ann_, bound from St. Johns to Antigua, and the
+massacre of the whole crew (ten in number) with the exception of one
+female passenger, whose life, by the interposition of Divine Providence,
+was miraculously preserved. The particulars are copied from a letter
+written by the unfortunate Miss Parker (the female passenger above
+alluded to) to her brother in New York.
+
+                                             St. Johns, April 3, 1825.
+
+    Dear Brother,
+
+    You have undoubtedly heard of my adverse fortune, and the shocking
+    incident that has attended me since I had the pleasure of seeing you
+    in November last. Anticipating your impatience to be made acquainted
+    with a more circumstantial detail of my extraordinary adventures, I
+    shall not on account of the interest which I know you must feel in
+    my welfare, hesitate to oblige you; yet, I must declare to you that
+    it is that consideration alone that prompts me to do it, as even
+    the recollection of the scenes which I have witnessed you must be
+    sensible must ever be attended with pain: and that I cannot reflect
+    on what I have endured, and the scenes of horror that I have been
+    witness to, without the severest shock. I shall now, brother,
+    proceed to furnish you with a detail of my misfortunes as they
+    occurred, without exaggeration, and if it should be your wish to
+    communicate them to the public, through the medium of a public
+    print, or in any other way, you are at liberty to do it, and I shall
+    consider myself amply rewarded if in a single instance it proves
+    beneficial in removing a doubt in the minds of such, who, although
+    they dare not deny the existence of a Supreme Being, yet disbelieve
+    that he ever in any way revealed Himself to his creatures. Let
+    Philosophy (as it is termed) smile with pity or contempt on my
+    weakness or credulity, yet the superintendence of a particular
+    PROVIDENCE, interfering by second causes, is so apparent to me, and
+    was so conspicuously displayed in the course of my afflictions, that
+    I shall not banish it from my mind from the beginning to the end of
+    my narration.
+
+    On the 28th February I took passage on board the sloop _Eliza Ann_,
+    captain Charles Smith, for Antigua, in compliance with the earnest
+    request of brother Thomas and family, who had advised me that they
+    had concluded to make that island the place of their permanent
+    residence, having a few months previous purchased there a valuable
+    Plantation. We set sail with a favorable wind, and with every
+    appearance of a short and pleasant voyage, and met with no incident
+    to destroy or diminish those flattering prospects, until about noon
+    of the 14th day from that of our departure, when a small schooner
+    was discovered standing toward us, with her deck full of men, and as
+    she approached us from her suspicious appearance there was not a
+    doubt in the minds of any on board, but that she was a Pirate. When
+    within a few yards of us, they gave a shout and our decks were
+    instantly crowded with the motley crew of desperadoes, armed with
+    weapons of almost every description that can be mentioned, and with
+    which they commenced their barbarous work by unmercifully beating
+    and maiming all on board except myself. As a retreat was impossible,
+    and finding myself surrounded by wretches, whose yells, oaths, and
+    imprecations, made them more resemble demons than human-beings, I
+    fell on my knees, and from one who appeared to have the command, I
+    begged for mercy, and for permission to retire to the cabin, that I
+    might not be either the subject or a witness of the murderous scene
+    that I had but little doubt was about to ensue. The privilege was
+    not refused me. The monster in human shape (for such was then his
+    appearance) conducted me by the hand himself to the companionway,
+    and pointing to the cabin said to me, "Descend and remain there and
+    you will be perfectly safe, for although Pirates, we are not
+    barbarians to destroy the lives of innocent females!" Saying this he
+    closed the companion doors and left me alone, to reflect on my
+    helpless and deplorable situation. It is indeed impossible for me,
+    brother, to paint to your imagination what were my feelings at this
+    moment; being the only female on board, my terror it cannot be
+    expected was much less than that of the poor devoted mariners! I
+    resigned my life to the Being who had lent it, and did not fail to
+    improve the opportunity (which I thought it not improbable might be
+    my last), to call on Him for that protection, which my situation so
+    much at this moment required--and never shall I be persuaded but
+    that my prayers were heard.
+
+    While I remained in this situation, by the sound of the clashing of
+    swords, attended by shrieks and dismal groans, I could easily
+    imagine what was going on on deck, and anticipated nothing better
+    than the total destruction by the Pirates of the lives of all on
+    board. After I had remained about one hour and a half alone in the
+    cabin, and all had become silent on deck, the cabin doors were
+    suddenly thrown open, and eight or ten of the Piratical crew
+    entered, preceded by him whom I had suspected to be their leader,
+    and from whom I had received assurances that I should not be
+    injured. By him I was again addressed and requested to banish all
+    fears of personal injury--that they sought only for the money which
+    they suspected to be secreted somewhere on board the vessel, and
+    which they were determined to have, although unable to extort a
+    disclosure of the place of its concealment by threats and violence
+    from the crew. The Pirates now commenced a thorough search
+    throughout the cabin, the trunks and chests belonging to the captain
+    and mate were broken open, and rifled of their most valuable
+    contents--nor did my baggage and stores meet with any better fate,
+    indeed this was a loss which at this moment caused me but little
+    uneasiness. I felt that my life was in too much jeopardy to lament
+    in any degree the loss of my worldly goods, surrounded as I was by a
+    gang of the most ferocious looking villains that my eyes ever before
+    beheld, of different complexions, and each with a drawn weapon in
+    his hand, some of them fresh crimsoned with the blood (as I then
+    supposed) of my murdered countrymen and whose horrid imprecations
+    and oaths were enough to appal the bravest heart!
+
+    Their search for money proving unsuccessful (with the exception of a
+    few dollars which they found in the captain's chest) they returned
+    to the deck, and setting sail on the sloop, steered her for the
+    place of their rendezvous, a small island or key not far distant I
+    imagine from the island of Cuba, where we arrived the day after our
+    capture. The island was nearly barren, producing nothing but a few
+    scattered mangroves and shrubs, interspersed with the miserable huts
+    of these outlaws of civilization, among whom power formed the only
+    law, and every species of iniquity was here carried to an extent of
+    which no person who had not witnessed a similar degree of pollution,
+    could form the most distant idea.
+
+    As soon as the sloop was brought to an anchor, the hatches were
+    thrown off and the unfortunate crew ordered on deck--a command which
+    to my surprise was instantly obeyed, as I had harboured strong
+    suspicions that they had been all murdered by the Pirates the day
+    previous. The poor devoted victims, although alive, exhibited
+    shocking proofs of the barbarity with which they had been treated by
+    the unmerciful Pirates; their bodies exhibiting deep wounds and
+    bruises too horrible for me to attempt to describe! Yet, however
+    great had been their sufferings, their lives had been spared only to
+    endure still greater torments. Being strongly pinioned they were
+    forced into a small leaky boat and rowed on shore, which we having
+    reached and a division of the plunder having been made by the
+    Pirates, a scene of the most bloody and wanton barbarity ensued, the
+    bare recollection of which still chills my blood. Having first
+    divested them of every article of clothing but their shirts and
+    trousers, with swords, knives, axes, etc., they fell on the
+    unfortunate crew of the _Eliza Ann_ with the ferocity of cannibals.
+    In vain did they beg for mercy and intreat of their murderers to
+    spare their lives. In vain did poor Capt. S. attempt to touch their
+    feelings and to move them to pity by representing to them the
+    situation of his innocent family; that he had a wife and three small
+    children at home wholly dependent on him for support. But, alas, the
+    poor man intreated in vain. His appeal was to monsters possessing
+    hearts callous to the feelings of humanity. Having received a heavy
+    blow from one with an ax, he snapped the cords with which he was
+    bound, and attempted an escape by flight, but was met by another of
+    the ruffians, who plunged a knife or dirk to his heart. I stood near
+    him at this moment and was covered with his blood. On receiving the
+    fatal wound he gave a single groan and fell lifeless at my feet. Nor
+    were the remainder of the crew more fortunate. The mate while on his
+    knees imploring mercy, and promising to accede to anything that the
+    vile assassins should require of him, on condition of his life being
+    spared, received a blow from a club, which instantaneously put a
+    period to his existence! Dear brother, need I attempt to paint to
+    your imagination my feelings at this awful moment? Will it not
+    suffice for me to say that I have described to you a scene of horror
+    which I was compelled to witness! and with the expectation too of
+    being the next victim selected by these ferocious monsters, whose
+    thirst for blood appeared to be insatiable. There appeared now but
+    one alternative left me, which was to offer up a prayer to Heaven
+    for the protection of that Being who has power to stay the
+    assassin's hand, and "who is able to do exceeding abundantly above
+    what we can ask or think,"--sincerely in the language of scripture I
+    can say, "I found trouble and sorrow, then called I upon the name of
+    the Lord."
+
+    I remained on my knees until the inhuman wretches had completed
+    their murderous work, and left none but myself to lament the fate of
+    those who but twenty-four hours before, were animated with the
+    pleasing prospects of a quick passage, and a speedy return to the
+    bosoms of their families! The wretch by whom I had been thrice
+    promised protection, and who seemed to reign chief among them, again
+    approached me with hands crimsoned with the blood of my murdered
+    countrymen, and, with a savage smile, once more repeated his
+    assurances that if I would but become reconciled to my situation, I
+    had nothing to fear. There was indeed something truly terrific in
+    the appearance of this man, or rather monster as he ought to be
+    termed. He was of a swarthy complexion, near six feet in height, his
+    eyes were large, black and penetrating; his expression was
+    remarkable, and when silent, his looks were sufficient to declare
+    his meaning. He wore around his waist a leathern belt, to which was
+    suspended a sword, a brace of pistols and a dirk. He was as I was
+    afterward informed the acknowledged chief among the Pirates, all
+    appeared to stand in awe of him, and no one dared to disobey his
+    commands. Such, dear brother, was the character who had promised me
+    protection if I would become reconciled to my situation, in other
+    words, subservient to his will. But, whatever might have been his
+    intentions, although now in his power, without a visible friend to
+    protect me, yet such full reliance did I place in the Supreme Being,
+    who sees and knows all things, and who has promised his protection
+    to the faithful in the hour of tribulation, that I felt myself in a
+    less degree of danger than you or any one would probably imagine.
+
+    As the day drew near to a close, I was conducted to a small
+    temporary hut or cabin, where I was informed I might repose
+    peaceably for the night, which I did without being disturbed by any
+    one. This was another opportunity that I did not suffer to pass
+    unimproved to pour out my soul to that Being, who had already given
+    me reasons to believe that he did not say to the house of Jacob,
+    seek you me in vain. Oh! that all sincere Christians would in every
+    difficulty make Him their refuge; He is a hopeful stay.
+
+    Early in the morning ensuing I was visited by the wretch alone whom
+    I had viewed as chief of the murderous band. As he entered and cast
+    his eyes upon me, his countenance relaxed from its usual ferocity to
+    a feigned smile. Without speaking a word, he seated himself on a
+    bench that the cabin contained, and drawing a table toward him,
+    leaned upon it resting his cheek upon his hand. His eyes for some
+    moments were fixed in stedfast gaze upon the ground, while his
+    whole soul appeared to be devoured by the most diabolical thoughts.
+    In a few moments he arose from his seat and hastily traversed the
+    hut, apparently in extreme agitation, and not unfrequently fixing
+    his eyes stedfastly upon me. But, that Providence, which while it
+    protects the innocent, never suffers the wicked to go unpunished,
+    interposed to save me and to deliver me from the hands of this
+    remorseless villain, at the very instant when in all probability he
+    intended to have destroyed my happiness forever.
+
+    On a sudden the Pirate's bugle was sounded, which (as I was
+    afterward informed) was the usual signal of a sail in sight. The
+    ruffian monster thereupon without uttering a word left my apartment,
+    and hastened with all speed to the place of their general rendezvous
+    on such occasions. Flattered by the pleasing hope that Providence
+    might be about to complete her work of mercy, and was conducting to
+    the dreary island some friendly aid, to rescue me from my perilous
+    situation, I mustered courage to ascend to the roof of my hovel, to
+    discover if possible the cause of the alarm, and what might be the
+    issue.
+
+    A short distance from the island I espied a sail which appeared to
+    be lying to, and a few miles therefrom to the windward, another,
+    which appeared to be bearing down under a press of sail for the
+    former--in a moment the whole gang of Pirates, with the exception of
+    four, were in their boats, and with their oars, etc., were making
+    every possible exertion to reach the vessel nearest to their island;
+    but by the time they had effected their object the more distant
+    vessel (which proved to be a British sloop of war disguised) had
+    approached them within fair gunshot, and probably knowing or
+    suspecting their characters, opened their ports and commenced a
+    destructive fire upon them. The Pirates were now, as nearly as I
+    could judge with the naked eye, thrown into great confusion. Every
+    possible exertion appeared to have been made by them to reach the
+    island, and escape from their pursuers. Some jumped from their boats
+    and attempted to gain the shore by swimming, but these were shot in
+    the water, and the remainder who remained in their boats were very
+    soon after overtaken and captured by two well manned boats
+    dispatched from the sloop of war for that purpose; and, soon had I
+    the satisfaction to see them all on board of the sloop, and in the
+    power of those from whom I was fully satisfied that they would meet
+    with the punishment due to their crimes.
+
+    In describing the characters of this Piratical band of robbers, I
+    have, dear brother, represented them as wretches of the most
+    frightful and ferocious appearance--blood-thirsty monsters, who, in
+    acts of barbarity ought only to be ranked with cannibals, who
+    delight to feast on human flesh. Rendered desperate by their crimes
+    and aware that they should find no mercy if so unfortunate as to
+    fall into the hands of those to whom they show no mercy, to prevent
+    a possibility of detection, and the just execution of the laws
+    wantonly destroy the lives of every one, however innocent, who may
+    be so unfortunate as to fall into their power--such, indeed,
+    brother, is the true character of the band of Pirates (to the number
+    of 30 or 40) by whom it was my misfortune to be captured, with the
+    exception of a single one, who possessed a countenance less savage,
+    and had the appearance of possessing a heart less callous to the
+    feelings of humanity. Fortunately for me, as Divine Providence
+    ordered, this person was one of the four who remained on the island,
+    and on whom the command involved after the unexpected disaster which
+    had deprived them forever of so great a portion of their comrades.
+    From this man (after the capture of the murderous tyrant to whose
+    commands he had been compelled to yield) I received the kindest
+    treatment, and assurances that I should be restored to liberty and
+    to my friends when an opportunity should present, or when it could
+    be consistently done with the safety of their lives and liberty.
+
+    This unhappy man (for such he declared himself to be) took an
+    opportunity to indulge me with a partial relation of a few of the
+    most extraordinary incidents of his life. He declared himself an
+    Englishman by birth, but his real name and place of nativity was he
+    said a secret he would never disclose! "although I must (said he)
+    acknowledge myself by profession a Pirate, yet I can boast of
+    respectable parentage, and the time once was when I myself sustained
+    an unimpeachable character. Loss of property, through the treachery
+    of those whom I considered friends, and in whom I had placed
+    implicit confidence, was what first led me to and induced me to
+    prefer this mode of life, to any of a less criminal nature--but,
+    although I voluntarily became the associate of a band of wretches
+    the most wicked and unprincipled perhaps on earth, yet I solemnly
+    declare that I have not in any one instance personally deprived an
+    innocent fellow creature of life. It was an act of barbarity at
+    which my heart ever recoiled, and against which I always protested.
+    With the property I always insisted we ought to be satisfied,
+    without the destruction of the lives of such who were probably the
+    fathers of families, and who had never offended us. But our gang was
+    as you may suppose chiefly composed of and governed by men without
+    principle, who appeared to delight in the shedding of blood, and
+    whose only excuse has been that by acting with too much humanity in
+    sparing life, they might thereby be exposed and themselves arraigned
+    to answer for their crimes at an earthly tribunal. You can have no
+    conception, madam (continued he), of the immense property that has
+    been piratically captured, and of the number of lives that have been
+    destroyed by this gang alone, and all without the loss of a single
+    one on our part until yesterday, when by an unexpected circumstance
+    our number has been reduced as you see from thirty-five to four!
+    This island has not been our constant abiding place, but the bodies
+    of such as have suffered here have always been conveyed a
+    considerable distance from the shore, and thrown into the sea, where
+    they were probably devoured by the sharks, as not a single one has
+    ever been known afterward to drift on our shores. The property
+    captured has not been long retained on this island, but shipped to a
+    neighboring port, where we have an agent to dispose of it.
+
+    "Of the great number of vessels captured by us (continued he) you
+    are the first and only female that has been so unfortunate as to
+    fall into our hands--and from the moment that I first saw you in our
+    power (well knowing the brutal disposition of him whom we
+    acknowledged our chief) I trembled for your safety, and viewed you
+    as one deprived perhaps of the protection of a husband or brother,
+    to become the victim of an unpitying wretch, whose pretended regard
+    for your sex, and his repeated promises of protection, were
+    hypocritical--a mere mask to lull your fears until he could effect
+    your ruin. His hellish designs, agreeable to his own declarations,
+    would have been carried into effect the very morning that he last
+    visited you, had not an all-wise Providence interfered to save
+    you--and so sensible am I that the unexpected circumstance of his
+    capture, as well as that of the most of our gang, as desperate and
+    unprincipled as himself, must have been by order of Him, from whose
+    all-seeing eye no evil transaction can be hidden, that were I so
+    disposed I should be deterred from doing you any injury through fear
+    of meeting with a similar fate. Nor do my three remaining companions
+    differ with me in opinion, and we all now most solemnly pledge
+    ourselves, that so long as you remain in our power, you shall have
+    nothing to complain of but the deprivation of the society of those
+    whose company no doubt would be more agreeable to you; and as soon
+    as it can be done consistently with our own safety, you shall be
+    conveyed to a place from which you may obtain a passage to your
+    friends. We have now become too few in number to hazard a repetition
+    of our Piratical robberies, and not only this, but some of our
+    captured companions to save their own lives, may prove treacherous
+    enough to betray us; we are therefore making preparation to leave
+    this island for a place of more safety, when you, madam, shall be
+    conveyed and set at liberty as I have promised you."
+
+    Dear brother, if you before doubted, is not the declaration of this
+    man (which I have recorded as correctly as my recollection will
+    admit of) sufficient to satisfy you that I owe my life and safety to
+    the interposition of a Divine Providence! Oh, yes! surely it is--and
+    I feel my insufficiency to thank and praise my Heavenly Protector as
+    I ought, for his loving kindness in preserving me from the evil
+    designs of wicked men, and for finally restoring me to liberty and
+    to my friends!
+
+        I cannot praise Him as I would,
+        But He is merciful and good.
+
+    From this moment every preparation was made by the Pirates to remove
+    from the island. The small quantity of stores and goods which
+    remained on hand (principally of the _Ann Eliza's_ cargo) was either
+    buried on the island, or conveyed away in their boats in the night
+    to some place unknown to me. The last thing done was to demolish
+    their temporary dwellings, which was done so effectually as not to
+    suffer a vestige of any thing to remain that could have led to a
+    discovery that the island had ever been inhabited by such a set of
+    beings. Eleven days from that of the capture of the _Ann Eliza_ (the
+    Pirates having previously put on board several bags of dollars,
+    which from the appearance of the former, I judged had been concealed
+    in the earth) I was ordered to embark with them, but for what place
+    I then knew not.
+
+    About midnight I was landed on the rocky shores of an island which
+    they informed me was Cuba, they furnished me with a few hard biscuit
+    and a bottle of water, and directed me to proceed early in the
+    morning in a northeast direction, to a house about a mile distant,
+    where I was told I would be well treated and be furnished with a
+    guide that would conduct me to Mantansies. With these directions
+    they left me, and I never saw them more.
+
+    At daybreak I set out in search of the house to which I had been
+    directed by the Pirates, and which I had the good fortune to reach
+    in safety in about an hour and a half. It was a humble tenement
+    thatched with canes, without any flooring but the ground, and was
+    tenanted by a man and his wife only, from whom I met with a welcome
+    reception, and by whom I was treated with much hospitality. Although
+    Spaniards, the man could speak and understand enough English to
+    converse with me, and to learn by what means I had been brought so
+    unexpectedly alone and unprotected to his house. Though it was the
+    same to which I had been directed by the Pirates, yet he declared
+    that so far from being in any way connected with them in their
+    Piratical robberies, or enjoying any portion of their ill-gotten
+    gain, no one could hold them in greater abhorrence. Whether he was
+    sincere in these declarations or not, is well known to Him whom the
+    lying tongue cannot deceive--it is but justice to them to say that
+    by both the man and his wife I was treated with kindness, and it was
+    with apparent emotions of pity that they listened to the tale of my
+    sufferings. By their earnest request I remained with them until the
+    morning ensuing, when I set out on foot for Mantansies, accompanied
+    by the Spaniard who had kindly offered to conduct me to that place,
+    which we reached about seven in the evening of the same day.
+
+    At Mantansies I found many Americans and Europeans, by whom I was
+    kindly treated, and who proffered their services to restore me to my
+    friends, but as there were no vessels bound direct from thence to
+    Antigua or St. Johns, I was persuaded to take passage for Jamaica,
+    where it was the opinion of my friends I might obtain a passage more
+    speedily for one or the other place, and where I safely arrived
+    after a pleasant passage of four days.
+
+    The most remarkable and unexpected circumstance of my extraordinary
+    adventures, I have yet, dear brother, to relate. Soon after my
+    arrival at Jamaica, the Authority having been made acquainted with
+    the circumstance of my recent capture by the Pirates, and the
+    extraordinary circumstance which produced my liberation, requested
+    that I might be conducted to the Prison, to see if I could among a
+    number of Pirates recently committed, recognize any of those by whom
+    I had been captured. I was accordingly attended by two or three
+    gentlemen, and two young ladies (who had politely offered to
+    accompany me) to the prison apartment, on entering which, I not only
+    instantly recognized among a number therein confined, the identical
+    savage monster of whom I have had so much occasion to speak (the
+    Pirates' Chief) but the most of those who had composed his gang, and
+    who were captured with him!
+
+    The sudden and unexpected introduction into their apartment of one,
+    whom they had probably in their minds numbered with the victims of
+    their wanton barbarity, produced unquestionably on their minds not
+    an inconsiderable degree of horror as well as surprise! and,
+    considering their condemnation now certain, they no doubt heaped
+    curses upon their more fortunate companions, for sparing the life
+    and setting at liberty one whom an all-wise Providence had conducted
+    to and placed in a situation to bear witness to their unprecedented
+    barbarity.
+
+    Government having through me obtained the necessary proof of the
+    guilt of these merciless wretches, after a fair and impartial trial
+    they were all condemned to suffer the punishment due to their
+    crimes, and seven ordered for immediate execution, one of whom was
+    the barbarian their chief. After the conviction and condemnation of
+    this wretch, in hopes of eluding the course of justice, he made (as
+    I was informed) an attempt upon his own life, by inflicting upon
+    himself deep wounds with a knife which he had concealed for that
+    purpose; but in this he was disappointed, the wounds not proving so
+    fatal as he probably anticipated.
+
+    I never saw this hardened villain or any of his equally criminal
+    companions after their condemnation, although strongly urged to
+    witness their execution, and am therefore indebted to one who daily
+    visited them, for the information of their behavior from that period
+    until that of their execution; which, as regarded the former, I was
+    informed was extremely impenitent--that while proceeding to the
+    place of ignominy and death, he talked with shocking unconcern,
+    hinting that by being instrumental in the destruction of so many
+    lives, he had become too hardened and familiar with death to feel
+    much intimidated at its approach! He was attended to the place of
+    execution by a Roman Catholic Priest, who it was said labored to
+    convince him of the atrociousness of his crimes, but he seemed deaf
+    to all admonition or exhortation, and appeared insensible to the
+    hope of happiness or fear of torment in a future state--and so far
+    from exhibiting a single symptom of penitence, declared that he knew
+    of but one thing for which he had cause to reproach himself, which
+    was in sparing my life and not ordering me to be butchered as the
+    others had been! How awful was the end of the life of this miserable
+    criminal! He looked not with harmony, regard, or a single penitent
+    feeling toward one human being in the last agonies of an ignominious
+    death.
+
+    After remaining nine days at Jamaica, I was so fortunate as to
+    obtain a passage with Capt. Ellsmore, direct for St. Johns--the
+    thoughts of once more returning home and of so soon joining my
+    anxious friends, when I could have an opportunity to communicate to
+    my aged parents, to a beloved sister and a large circle of
+    acquaintances, the sad tale of the misfortunes which had attended me
+    since I bid them adieu, would have been productive of the most
+    pleasing sensations, had they not been interrupted by the melancholy
+    reflection that I was the bearer of tidings of the most
+    heart-rending nature, to the bereaved families of those unfortunate
+    husbands and parents who had in my presence fallen victims to
+    Piratical barbarity. Thankful should I have been had the distressing
+    duty fell to the lot of some one of less sensibility--but, unerring
+    Providence had ordered otherwise. We arrived safe at our port of
+    destination after a somewhat boisterous passage of 18 days. I found
+    my friends all well, but the effects produced on their minds by the
+    relation of the distressing incidents and adverse fortune that had
+    attended me since my departure, I shall not attempt to describe--and
+    much less can you expect, brother, that I should attempt a
+    description of the feelings of the afflicted widow and fatherless
+    child, who first received from me the melancholy tidings that they
+    were so!
+
+    Thus, brother, have I furnished you with as minute a detail of the
+    sad misfortunes that have attended me, in my intended passage to
+    Antigua, in February and March last, as circumstances will admit
+    of--and here permit me once more to repeat the enquiry--is it not
+    sufficient to satisfy you and every reasonable person, that I owe my
+    life and liberty to the interposition of a Divine Providence?--so
+    fully persuaded am I of this, dear brother, and of my great
+    obligations to that Supreme Being who turned not away my prayer nor
+    his mercy from me, that I am determined to engage with my whole
+    heart to serve Him the residue of my days on earth, by the aid of
+    his heavenly grace--and invite all who profess to fear Him (should a
+    single doubt remain on their minds) to come and hear what he hath
+    done for me!
+
+    I am, dear brother, affectionately yours,
+                                                      LUCRETIA PARKER.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[26] From an Old Pamphlet, published in 1825.
+
+
+
+
+THE PASSING OF MOGUL MACKENZIE
+
+The Last of the North Atlantic Pirates[27]
+
+ARTHUR HUNT CHUTE
+
+
+In the farther end of the Bay of Fundy, about a mile off from the Nova
+Scotian coast, is the Isle of Haut. It is a strange rocky island that
+rises several hundred feet sheer out of the sea, without any bay or
+inlets. A landing can only be effected there in the calmest weather; and
+on account of the tremendous ebb of the Fundy tides, which rise and fall
+sixty feet every twelve hours, the venturesome explorer cannot long keep
+his boat moored against the precipitous cliffs.
+
+Because of this inaccessibility little is known of the solitary island.
+Within its rampart walls of rock they say there is a green valley, and
+in its center is a fathomless lake, where the Micmac Indians used to
+bury their dead, and hence its dread appellation of the "Island of the
+Dead." Beyond these bare facts nothing more is certain about the secret
+valley and the haunted lake. Many wild and fabulous descriptions are
+current, but they are merely the weavings of fancy.
+
+Sometimes on a stormy night the unhappy navigators of the North Channel
+miss the coast lights in the fog, and out from the Isle of Haut a
+gentle undertow flirts with their bewildered craft. Then little by
+little they are gathered into a mighty current against which all
+striving is in vain, and in the white foam among the iron cliffs their
+ship is pounded into splinters. The quarry which she gathers in so
+softly at first and so fiercely at last, however, is soon snatched away
+from the siren shore. The ebb-tide bears every sign of wreckage far out
+into the deeps of the Atlantic, and not a trace remains of the
+ill-starred vessel or her crew. But one of the boats in the fishing
+fleet never comes home, and from lonely huts on the coast reproachful
+eyes are cast upon the "Island of the Dead."
+
+On the long winter nights, when the "boys" gather about the fire in Old
+Steele's General Stores at Hall's Harbor, their hard gray life becomes
+bright for a spell. When a keg of hard cider is flowing freely the grim
+fishermen forget their taciturnity, the ice is melted from their speech,
+and the floodgates of their souls pour forth. But ever in the background
+of their talk, unforgotten, like a haunting shadow, is the "Island of
+the Dead." Of their weirdest and most blood-curdling yarns it is always
+the center; and when at last, with uncertain steps, they leave the empty
+keg and the dying fire to turn homeward through the drifting snow,
+fearful and furtive glances are cast to where the island looms up like a
+ghostly sentinel from the sea. Across its high promontory the Northern
+Lights scintillate and blaze, and out of its moving brightness the
+terrified fishermen behold the war-canoes of dead Indians freighted with
+their redskin braves; the forms of _c[oe]ur de bois_ and desperate
+Frenchmen swinging down the sky-line in a ghastly snake-dance; the
+shapes and spars of ships long since forgotten from the "Missing List";
+and always, most dread-inspiring of them all, the distress signals from
+the sinking ship of Mogul Mackenzie and his pirate crew.
+
+Captain Mogul Mackenzie was the last of the pirates to scourge the North
+Atlantic seaboard. He came from that school of freebooters that was let
+loose by the American Civil War. With a letter of marque from the
+Confederate States, he sailed the seas to prey on Yankee shipping. He
+and his fellow-privateers were so thorough in their work of destruction,
+that the Mercantile Marine of the United States was ruined for a
+generation to come. When the war was over the defeated South called off
+her few remaining bloodhounds on the sea. But Mackenzie, who was still
+at large, had drunk too deeply of the wine of a wild, free life. He did
+not return to lay down his arms, but began on a course of shameless
+piracy. He lived only a few months under the black flag, until he went
+down on the Isle of Haut. The events of that brief and thrilling period
+are unfortunately obscure, with only a ray of light here and there. But
+the story of his passing is the most weird of all the strange yarns
+that are spun about the "Island of the Dead."
+
+In May, 1865, a gruesome discovery was made off the coast of Maine,
+which sent a chill of fear through all the seaport towns of New England.
+A whaler bound for New Bedford was coming up Cape Cod one night long
+after dark. There was no fog, and the lights of approaching vessels
+could easily be discerned. The man on the lookout felt no uneasiness at
+his post, when, without any warning of bells or lights, the sharp bow of
+a brigantine suddenly loomed up, hardly a ship's length in front.
+
+"What the blazes are you trying to do?" roared the mate from the bridge,
+enraged at this unheard-of violation of the right of way. But no voice
+answered his challenge, and the brigantine went swinging by, with all
+her sails set to a spanking breeze. She bore directly across the bow of
+the whaler, which just grazed her stern in passing.
+
+"There's something rotten on board there," said the mate.
+
+"Ay," said the captain, who had come on the bridge, "there's something
+rotten there right enough. Swing your helm to port, and get after the
+devils," he ordered.
+
+"Ay, ay, sir!" came the ready response, and nothing loth the helmsman
+changed his course to follow the eccentric craft. She was evidently
+bound on some secret mission, for not otherwise would she thus tear
+through the darkness before the wind without the flicker of a light.
+
+The whaler was the swifter of the two ships, and she could soon have
+overhauled the other; but fearing some treachery, the captain refrained
+from running her down until daylight. All night long she seemed to be
+veering her course, attempting to escape from her pursuer. In the
+morning, off the coast of Maine, she turned her nose directly out to
+sea. Then a boat was lowered from the whaler, and rowed out to intercept
+the oncoming vessel. When they were directly in her course, they lay on
+their oars and waited. The brigantine did not veer again, but came
+steadily on, and soon the whalemen were alongside, and made themselves
+fast to a dinghy which she had in tow. A few minutes of apprehensive
+waiting followed, and as nothing happened, one of the boldest swung
+himself up over the tow-rope on to the deck. He was followed by the
+others, and they advanced cautiously with drawn knives and pistols.
+
+Not a soul was to be seen, and the men, who were brave enough before a
+charging whale, trembled with fear. The wheel and the lookout were alike
+deserted, and no sign of life could be discovered anywhere below. In the
+galley were the embers of a dead fire, and the table in the captain's
+cabin was spread out ready for a meal which had never been eaten. On
+deck everything was spick and span, and not the slightest evidence of a
+storm or any other disturbance could be found. The theory of a derelict
+was impossible. Apparently all had been well on board, and they had been
+sailing with good weather, when, without any warning, her crew had been
+suddenly snatched away by some dread power.
+
+The sailors with one accord agreed that it was the work of a
+sea-serpent. But the mate had no place for the ordinary superstitions of
+the sea, and he still scoured the hold, expecting at any minute to
+encounter a dead body or some other evil evidence of foul play. Nothing
+more, however, was found, and the mate at length had to end his search
+with the unsatisfactory conclusion that the _St. Clare_, a brigantine
+registered from Hartpool, with cargo of lime, had been abandoned on the
+high seas for no apparent reason. Her skipper had taken with him the
+ship's papers, and had not left a single clue behind.
+
+A crew was told off to stand by the _St. Clare_ to bring her into port,
+and the others climbed into the long-boat to row back to the whaler.
+
+"Just see if there is a name on that there dinghy, before we go," said
+the mate.
+
+An exclamation of horror broke from one of the men as he read on the bow
+of the dinghy the name, _Kanawha_.
+
+The faces of all went white with a dire alarm as the facts of the
+mystery suddenly flashed before them. The _Kanawha_ was the ship in
+which Captain Mogul Mackenzie had made himself notorious as a
+privateersman. Every one had heard her awe-inspiring name, and every
+Yankee seafaring man prayed that he might never meet her on the seas.
+After the _Alabama_ was sunk, and the _Talahassee_ was withdrawn, the
+_Kanawha_ still remained to threaten the shipping of the North. For a
+long time her whereabouts had been unknown, and then she was discovered
+by a Federal gunboat, which gave chase and fired upon her. Without
+returning fire, she raced in for shelter amongst the dangerous islands
+off Cape Sable, and was lost in the fog. Rumor had it that she ran on
+the rocks off that perilous coast, and sank with all on board. As time
+went by, and there was no more sign of the corsair, the rumor was
+accepted as proven. Men began to spin yarns in the forecastle about
+Mogul Mackenzie, with an interest that was tinged with its former fear.
+Skippers were beginning to feel at ease again on the grim waters, when
+suddenly, like a bolt from the blue, came the awful news of the
+discovery of the _St. Clare_.
+
+Gunboats put off to scour the coast-line; and again with fear and
+trembling the look-out began to eye suspiciously every new sail coming
+up on the horizon.
+
+One afternoon, toward the end of May, a schooner came tearing into
+Portland harbor, with all her canvas, crowded on, and flying distress
+signals. Her skipper said that off the island of Campabello he had seen
+a long gray sailing-ship with auxiliary power sweeping down upon him. As
+the wind was blowing strong inshore, he had taken to his heels and made
+for Portland. He was chased all the way, and his pursuer did not drop
+him until he was just off the harbor bar.
+
+Many doubted his story, however, saying that no one would dare to chase
+a peaceful craft so near to a great port in broad daylight. And, again,
+it was urged that an auxiliary vessel could easily have overhauled the
+schooner between Campabello and Portland. The fact that the captain of
+the schooner was as often drunk as sober, and that when he was under the
+influence of drink he was given to seeing visions, was pointed to as
+conclusive proof that his yarn was a lie. After the New Bedford whaler
+came into port with the abandoned _St. Clare_, it was known beyond doubt
+that the _Kanawha_ was still a real menace. But nobody cared to admit
+that Mogul Mackenzie was as bold as the schooner's report would imply,
+and hence countless arguments were put forward to allay such fears.
+
+But a few days later the fact that the pirates were still haunting their
+coast was absolutely corroborated. A coastal packet from Boston arrived
+at Yarmouth with the news that she had not only sighted _Kanawha_ in the
+distance, but they had crossed each other's paths so near that the name
+could be discerned beyond question with a spyglass. She was heading up
+the Bay of Fundy, and did not pause or pay any heed to the other ship.
+
+This news brought with it consternation, and every town and village
+along the Fundy was a-hum with stories and theories about the pirate
+ship. The interest, instead of being abated, was augmented as the days
+went by with no further report. In the public-houses and along the quays
+it was almost the only topic of conversation. The excitement became
+almost feverish when it was known that several captains, outward bound,
+had taken with them a supply of rifles and ammunition. The prospect of a
+fight seemed imminent.
+
+About a week after the adventure of the Boston packet Her Majesty's ship
+_Buzzard_ appeared off Yarmouth harbor. The news of the _Kanawha_ had
+come to the Admiral at Halifax, and he had dispatched the warship to
+cruise about the troubled coast.
+
+"That'll be the end of old Mogul Mackenzie, now that he's got an English
+ship on his trail," averred a Canadian as he sat drinking in the
+"Yarmouth Light" with a group of seafaring men of various nationalities.
+"It takes the British jack-tar to put the kibosh on this pirate game.
+One of them is worth a shipload of Yankees at the business."
+
+"Well, don't you crow too loud now," replied a Boston skipper. "I reckon
+that that Nova Scotian booze-artist, who ran into Portland the other day
+scared of his shadow, would not do you fellows much credit."
+
+"Yes; but what about your gunboats that have had the job of fixing the
+_Kanawha_ for the last three years, and haven't done it yet?" The
+feelings between Canada and the United States were none too good just
+after the Civil War, and the Canadian was bound not to lose this
+opportunity for horse-play. "You're a fine crowd of sea-dogs, you are,
+you fellows from the Boston Tea-Party. Three years after one little
+half-drowned rat, and haven't got him yet. Wouldn't Sir Francis Drake or
+Lord Nelson be proud of the record that you long-legged, slab-sided
+Yankees have made on the sea!"
+
+"Shut your mouth! you blue-nosed, down-East herring-choker!" roared the
+Yankee skipper. "I reckon we've given you traitors that tried to stab us
+in the back a good enough licking; and if any more of your dirty dogs
+ever come nosing about down south of Mason and Dixon's Line, I bet
+they'll soon find out what our record is."
+
+"Well, you fools can waste your tongue and wind," said a third man,
+raising his glass, "but for me here's good luck to the _Buzzard_."
+
+"So say we all of us," chimed in the others, and the Yankee and the
+Canadian drank together to the success of the British ship, forgetting
+their petty jealousies before a common foe.
+
+Everywhere the news of the arrival of the British warship was hailed
+with delight. All seemed to agree that her presence assured the speedy
+extermination of the pirate crew. But after several days of futile
+cruising about the coast, her commander, to escape from a coming storm,
+had to put into St. Mary's Bay, with the object of his search still
+eluding his vigilance. He only arrived in time to hear the last chapter
+of the _Kanawha's_ tale of horrors.
+
+The night before, Dominic Lefountain, a farmer living alone at
+Meteighan, a little village on the French shore, had been awakened from
+his sleep by the moaning and wailing of a human voice. For days the
+imminent peril of an assault from the pirates had filled the people of
+the French coast with forebodings. And now, awakened thus in the dead of
+night, the lonely Frenchman was wellnigh paralyzed with terror. With his
+flesh creeping, and his eyes wide, he groped for his rifle, and waited
+in the darkness, while ever and anon came those unearthly cries from the
+beach. Nearly an hour passed before he could gather himself together
+sufficiently to investigate the cause of the alarm. At last, when the
+piteous wailing had grown weak and intermittent, the instinct of
+humanity mastered his fears, and he went forth to give a possible succor
+to the one in need.
+
+On the beach, lying prostrate, with the water lapping about his feet, he
+found a man in the last stage of exhaustion. The blood was flowing from
+his mouth, and as Dominic turned him over to stanch its flow, he found
+that his tongue had been cut out, and hence the unearthly wailing which
+had roused him from his sleep. The beach was deserted by this time, and
+it was too dark to see far out into the bay.
+
+Dominic carried the unfortunate man to his house, and nursed him there
+for many weeks. He survived his frightful experiences, and lived on for
+twenty years, a pathetic and helpless figure, supported by the
+big-hearted farmers and fishermen of the French shore. Evidently he had
+known too much for his enemies, and they had sealed his mouth forever.
+He became known as the "Mysterious Man of Meteighan," and his deplorable
+condition was always pointed to as a mute witness of the last villainy
+of Mogul Mackenzie.
+
+On the night following the episode of the "Mysterious Man of Meteighan,"
+a wild and untoward storm swept down the North Atlantic and over the
+seaboard far and near. In the Bay of Fundy that night the elements met
+in their grandest extremes. Tide-rips and mountain waves opposed each
+other with titanic force. All along the bleak and rock-ribbed coast the
+boiling waters lay churned into foam. Over the breakwaters the giant
+combers crashed and soared far up into the troubled sky; while out under
+the black clouds of the night the whirlpools and the tempests met. Was
+ever a night like this before? Those on shore thanked God; and those
+with fathers on the sea gazed out upon a darkness where no star of hope
+could shine.
+
+Now and again through the Stygian gloom a torrent of sheet-lightning
+rolled down across the heavens, bringing in its wake a moment of
+terrible light. It was in one of these brief moments of illumination
+that the wan watchers at Hall's Harbor discerned a long gray ship being
+swept like a specter before the winds towards the Isle of Haut. Until
+the flash of lightning the doomed seamen appeared to have been
+unconscious of their fast approaching fate; and then, as if suddenly
+awakened, they sent a long thin trail of light, to wind itself far up
+into the darkness. Again and again the rockets shot upward from her bow,
+while above the noises of the tempest came the roar of a gun.
+
+The people on the shore looked at each other with blanched faces,
+speechless, helpless. A lifetime by that shore had taught them the utter
+puniness of the sons of men. Others would have tried to do something
+with what they thought was their strong arm. But the fishermen knew too
+well that the Fundy's arm was stronger. In silence they waited with
+bated breath while the awful moments passed. Imperturbable they stood
+there, with their feet in the white foam and their faces in the salt
+spray, and gazed at the curtain of the night, behind which a tragedy was
+passing, as dark and dire as any in the annals of the sea.
+
+Another flash of lightning, and there, dashing upon the iron rocks, was
+a great ship, with all her sails set, and a cloud of lurid smoke
+trailing from her funnel. She was gray-colored, with auxiliary power,
+and as her lines dawned upon those who saw her in the moment of light,
+they burst out with one accord, "It's the _Kanawha_! It's the
+_Kanawha_!" As if an answer to their sudden cry another gun roared, and
+another shower of rockets shot up into the sky; and then all was lost
+again in the darkness and the voices of the tempest.
+
+Next morning the winds had gone out with the tide, and when in the
+afternoon the calm waters had risen, a boat put off from Hall's Harbor
+and rowed to the Isle of Haut. For several hours the rocky shores were
+searched for some traces of the wreck, but not a spar or splinter could
+be found. All about the bright waters laughed, with naught but the
+sunbeams on their bosom, and not a shadow remained from last night's
+sorrow on the sea.
+
+So Mogul Mackenzie, who had lived a life of stress, passed out on the
+wings of storm. In his end, as always, he baffled pursuit, and was
+sought but could not be found. His sailings on the sea were in secret,
+and his last port in death was a mystery. But, as has been already
+related, when the Northern Lights come down across the haunted island,
+the distress signals of his pirate crew are still seen shooting up into
+the night.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[27] From _Blackwood's Magazine_.
+
+
+
+
+THE LAST OF THE SEA-ROVERS
+
+The Riff Coast Pirates[28]
+
+W. B. LORD
+
+    O nay, O nay, then said our King,
+      O nay, this must not be,
+    To yield to such a rover
+      Myself will not agree;
+    He hath deceived the Frenchman,
+      Likewise the King of Spain,
+    And how can he be true to me,
+      That hath been false to twain?
+
+                OLD SEA SONG OF THE YEAR 1620.
+
+
+Probably by this time the greater part of the piratical craft along the
+Riff coast has been destroyed, and the long-promised Moorish gunboat
+stationed there to protect foreign shipping.[29] These steps have
+doubtless been hastened by the fact that the pirates, unfortunately for
+themselves, attacked a vessel some little time ago belonging to the
+Sultan of Morocco. For years past the Governments of several European
+Powers have sought to put friendly pressure upon the Sultan of Morocco
+to effectually stop the depredations of the Riffian coast pirates. No
+strong measures, however, were really taken until the above episode
+occurred. It is said that in early days the Moors were some time in
+accustoming themselves to the perils of the deep. At first they
+marvelled greatly at "those that go down to the sea in ships, and have
+their business in great waters," but they did not hasten to follow their
+example. One eminent ruler of ancient times, in that region, when asked
+what the sea was like, replied, "The sea is a huge beast which silly
+folk ride like worms on logs." But it afterwards became clear that the
+Moors had a strong fancy for the "worms" and "logs" too. They gave up
+marvelling at those who went to sea, and went on it themselves in search
+of plunder. The risk, the uncertainty, the danger, the sense of superior
+skill and ingenuity, that attract the adventurous spirit, and the
+passion for sport, are stated by some writers to have brought such a
+state of things into existence. One fact seems to be pretty certain,
+that when these depredations were first made, they took the form of
+reprisals upon the Spaniards. No sooner was Granada fallen, than
+thousands of desperate Moors left the land, disdaining to live under a
+Spanish yoke. Settling along a portion of the northern coast of Africa,
+they immediately proceeded to first attack all Spanish vessels that
+could be found. Their quickness and knowledge of the coasts gave them
+the opportunity of reprisals for which they longed. Probably this got
+monotonous in course of time, for in their wild sea courses they took
+to harrying the vessels belonging to other nations, and so laid the
+foundation for a race of pirates, which has continued down to quite
+recently. As nowadays, the Moors cruised in boats from the commencement
+of their marauding expeditions. Each man pulled an oar, and knew how to
+fight as well as row. Drawing little water, a small squadron of these
+craft could be pushed up almost any creek, or lie hidden behind a rock,
+till the enemy came in sight. Then oars out, and a quick stroke for a
+few minutes. Next they were alongside their unsuspecting prey, and
+pouring in a first volley. Ultimately the prize was usually taken, the
+crew put in irons, and the pirates returned home with their capture, no
+doubt being received with acclamation upon their arrival.
+
+As far back as the sixteenth century the Spanish forts at Alhucemas--not
+to mention other places--were established for the purpose of repressing
+piracy in its vicinity. Considerable interest is attached to several of
+the piracies committed during the past few years, as they culminated in
+strong representations being made to the Sultan of Morocco by the
+various Governments under whose flag the respective vessels sailed. Some
+of them went so far as to send warships to cruise along the Riffian
+coast. This step apparently had some moral effect upon the pirates, for
+from that time onwards attacks upon foreign vessels practically ceased.
+Something more than this, however, was needed, for no one could say how
+soon the marauding expeditions might be renewed upon a larger scale than
+ever, so as to make up for lost opportunities. On August 14, 1897, the
+Italian three-masted schooner _Fiducia_ was off the coast of Morocco, in
+the Mediterranean, homeward bound from Pensacola to Marseilles. Here she
+got becalmed, and while in that condition two boats approached her from
+the shore. At first the crew of the _Fiducia_ thought they were native
+fishing boats. When, however, the latter got within a hundred yards or
+so of the helpless vessel, the suspicions of the crew were aroused. The
+captain warned the Moors not to approach any nearer; a volley of bullets
+was returned by way of reply, followed by a regular fusillade as the
+boats advanced. There were only three revolvers on board the schooner,
+and with these the crew prepared to defend themselves. Soon, however,
+their supply of ammunition became exhausted, and the pirates boarded the
+schooner without further opposition. The vessel was at once ransacked,
+even the clothes of the crew being taken. The ship's own boat was
+lowered, and into this the marauders put their booty, and took it
+ashore, also carrying the captain and one of the crew with them. About
+an hour later another boat, containing about twenty pirates, came off
+and fired on the ship. The crew, seeing that they could offer no
+effective resistance, hid themselves away in the hold. The other pirates
+had left very little for the new arrivals to take, and this seemed to
+annoy them so much that they gave vent to their ill-feelings in several
+ways, not the least wanton being the pollution of the ship's fresh
+water. They also smashed the vessel's compass, and tore up the charts.
+For the next two days the crew existed on a few biscuits, which the
+pirates had left behind. The following day the British steamship
+_Oanfa_, of London, hove in sight. The crew of the schooner hoisted a
+shirt as a signal, which was fortunately seen, and a boat sent off in
+response thereto. Assistance was promptly rendered, and the _Fiducia_
+put in a position to resume her voyage. This was done until spoken by
+the Italian cruiser _Ercole_, which assisted the schooner to her
+destination.
+
+In October, 1896, the French barque _Prosper Corue_ was lying becalmed
+off Alhucemas, a place fortified by the Spaniards to keep the pirates in
+check, when several boats full of armed Moors seized the vessel and made
+the crew prisoners. They then completely pillaged the ship, removing
+almost everything of any use or value. While the miscreants were thus
+busily engaged a Spanish merchant steamship, named the _Sevilla_,
+happened to come along, and was in time to capture one boat and rescue
+several of the prisoners. The _Sevilla_ then made towards the barque,
+but the pirates opened fire on the steamer, killing and wounding some of
+the crew. The Spaniard was compelled to retire, leaving the captain of
+the barque in the hands of the Moors. Subsequently the barque was
+picked up in an abandoned condition by the British steamship _Oswin_,
+and towed into Almeria. An arrangement was afterwards made with the
+pirates to release the captains of the _Fiducia_ and the Portuguese
+barque _Rosita Faro_--a much earlier capture--and some members of both
+crews, in exchange for the Riffians captured by the Spanish steamer
+_Sevilla_ and a ransom of 3,000 dollars. It was only after prolonged
+negotiations and a large sum of money that a French warship succeeded in
+obtaining the freedom of the captain of the _Prosper Corue_ and a few
+other Frenchmen. For some reason or other, the pirates seemed very much
+disinclined to part with these prisoners. Only a short time before the
+attack on the French barque took place, a notice was issued by the
+British Board of Trade, in which the attention of ship-owners and
+masters of vessels was called to the dangers attending navigation off
+the coast of Morocco. The document then proceeded to detail the case of
+the British schooner _Mayer_, of Gibraltar, which was boarded about 10
+miles from the Riff coast by twenty Moors armed with rifles and daggers.
+As usual, the pirates ransacked the vessel, destroyed the ensign and
+ship's papers, brutally assaulted the men on board, and then made off in
+their boat. Scarcely had the foregoing notice been generally circulated
+than another case of a similar character happened in connection with the
+Italian schooner _Scatuola_. Again, there is the Spanish cutter
+_Jacob_. She was running along the Moorish coast one fine summer's
+evening a few years since, when a boat full of pirates suddenly came
+alongside, and speedily upset the quietness which had previously reigned
+on board the _Jacob_. Five of the crew managed to escape in the cutter's
+boat and were picked up some days later by a passing vessel. Those who
+remained on board the cutter fared very badly. After the vessel had been
+pillaged, the rigging and sails destroyed, the men were all securely
+bound and left to their fate. Fortunately the weather continued fine,
+and the _Jacob_ drifted towards the Spanish coast, where she was seen
+and assistance promptly rendered.
+
+The captain of another Spanish vessel had quite a "thrilling" adventure
+among these pirates in May, 1892. He left Gibraltar in command of the
+barque _San Antonio_ for Alhucemas, and when about six miles from Penon
+de la Gomera a boat manned by thirteen Moors was observed to be
+approaching the vessel. When near enough they opened fire, and ordered
+the captain to lower his sails, which was done, as the Spaniards were,
+practically speaking, without arms. The Moors then boarded the _San
+Antonio_ and took her in tow. When close to the land the captain was
+rowed ashore, and the pirates spent part of the night in unloading the
+cargo. Next morning the _San Antonio_ was seen drifting out to sea, and
+the captain, who was afraid of being put to death, suggested that he
+should go on board and bring her back to the anchorage. Probably
+thinking that some of their comrades were on the barque, but unable to
+set the necessary canvas to return, only two Moors were sent off with
+the captain, and these remained in the boat when the vessel was reached.
+Upon gaining the deck of the barque the captain was surprised to find
+himself alone. Without hesitating for a moment he released the crew, who
+were confined below, hoisted sail and stood out to sea. The Moors who
+had been left in the boat were speedily cut adrift, much to their
+amazement, for it so happened that none of the pirates had stayed on
+board. No doubt they were eager to find a safe hiding-place for their
+plunder, and, thinking the barque quite secure till morning, took no
+further heed of the matter. A few days later the _San Antonio_ arrived
+at Gibraltar, where full particulars of the outrage were furnished to
+the authorities. Space will not admit of details being given of the
+attacks on the Spanish barque _Goleta_, the Portuguese barque _Rosita
+Faro_, the British felucca _Joven Enrique_, and other vessels. It should
+be mentioned, however, that several famous British and foreign sailing
+yachts upon various occasions have had remarkably narrow escapes from
+being captured by these sea ruffians.
+
+It is sincerely to be hoped that the Sultan of Morocco is carrying out
+his task in such a manner as will induce the inhabitants of the Riff
+coast to follow some occupation in future which is more likely to be
+appreciated by those who have to navigate vessels in the Mediterranean.
+Previous to stern measures being taken by the Sultan, it was not at all
+uncommon for his envoys to the native tribes--for the purpose of
+obtaining the release of captives--to be received with derision. Often,
+too, they were maltreated to such an extent that they were glad to
+escape with their lives. Some of the neighboring tribes continually
+endeavored to purchase captives for the pleasure of killing them, but it
+is satisfactory to learn that no sales are recorded, as the anticipated
+ransom was always largely in excess of the sums offered by the
+bloodthirsty natives.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[28] From the _Nautical Magazine_.
+
+[29] About twenty years ago.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Great Pirate Stories, by Various
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