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+<title>Some Reminiscences of old Victoria</title>
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Some Reminiscences of old Victoria, by Edgar Fawcett
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Some Reminiscences of old Victoria
+
+Author: Edgar Fawcett
+
+Release Date: July 13, 2008 [EBook #26048]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOME REMINISCENCES OF OLD VICTORIA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Andrew Sly, Julia Miller and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img01">
+<img width="836" height="575" src="images/vi01.jpg" alt="[Illustration: FORT VICTORIA, 1859.]" />
+</div>
+
+<div id="titlepage">
+<h1>SOME REMINISCENCES<br />
+
+OF<br />
+
+OLD VICTORIA</h1>
+
+<p>BY<br />
+
+EDGAR FAWCETT</p>
+
+
+<p>
+  Toronto<br />
+  William Briggs<br />
+  1912</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="verso">
+<p>
+  Copyright, Canada, 1912, by<br />
+  EDGAR FAWCETT.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="dedication">
+<p>TO<br />
+
+<b>Sir Richard McBride. K.C.M.G.</b><br />
+
+  PREMIER, NATIVE SON AND PIONEER<br />
+  THIS BOOK IS INSCRIBED BY<br />
+  HIS HUMBLE SERVANT<br />
+  THE AUTHOR.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<h3>PREFACE</h3>
+
+
+<p class="sc">To My Readers:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>A preface is, as I understand it, an explanation, and maybe an
+apology, for what follows. If such is the case, I must explain
+several things contained in these "Reminiscences of Old Victoria" and
+its pioneers. Had I not been laid aside with the typhoid some eight
+years ago, it is likely I should not have thought of writing down
+these early memories, but many know what convalescing after a
+sickness is&mdash;how one longs for something new, something to do. I was
+at this time at the seaside, and all at once decided to pass my time
+in writing. Seated comfortably on the beach with my writing pad, I
+commenced "A British Boy&rsquo;s Experiences in San Francisco in the Early
+Fifties," and so have continued on from time to time during the last
+eight years.</p>
+
+<p>I have been much encouraged, by pioneers and friends, to gather the
+result of these pleasant labors together, and I feel I have succeeded
+in a very imperfect manner; but, dear reader, consider how little I
+should be expected to know of book-making; therefore take faults and
+omissions in the product of my labors <i>cum bona venia</i>, for
+there are sure to be many imperfections. There are repetitions of
+which I am aware, and have decided to let them stand, as I think they
+fit in in each case. Had I been a man of more leisure I should not
+have had to apologize for so many of these imperfections.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.4</p>
+
+<p>I have to thank Mrs. Macdonald, of Armadale, the venerable Bishop
+Cridge, and Alexander Wilson, for valuable information, and also Mr.
+Albert Maynard and Reverend A. E. Alston for many photographs to
+illustrate the book. We all know that a book in these days is nothing
+without pictures. There are others who have helped me in other ways
+who will accept my thanks.</p>
+
+<p>With these explanatory remarks, and in fear and trembling, I submit
+the book to your favorable consideration.</p>
+
+<p><em class="sc">Dingley Dell</em>,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Christmas, 1911.</p>
+
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.5</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>A SHORT AUTOBIOGRAPHY</h3>
+
+
+<p>All the Fawcetts I ever heard of from my father and mother came from
+Kidderminster. My father&rsquo;s father was a maltster, and the sons, with
+the exception of my father, the youngest, were carpet weavers. The
+family were strict Nonconformists, and produced one or two noted
+divines of George the Third&rsquo;s day, one of whom preached before that
+king. There was also a kinship with the Baxters of "Saint&rsquo;s Rest"
+fame.</p>
+
+<p>My mother was Jane Wignall, whose father was a Birmingham smallarms
+manufacturer in rather a large way of business, but who through the
+dishonesty of his partner was nearly ruined and brought to
+comparative poverty. The daughters, who were all well educated, had
+to take positions as governesses and ladies&rsquo; companions. My mother,
+in this capacity, lived and travelled in France and Spain, and spoke
+the languages of both countries. In a voyage to her home from
+Barcelona she was wrecked in the Gulf of Lyons, but through the
+timely assistance of a Spanish gentleman and his Newfoundland dog,
+who bore her up, she was brought to shore in little more than her
+nightdress. I have to-day a letter from the British consul at
+Marseilles which he gave to my mother, recommending her to the care
+of other British consuls on her way to England. The Spanish gentleman
+who saved her life made an offer of marriage, which my mother
+declined, I think, <span class="pagenum">p.6</span> on account of his being a Roman Catholic. He would
+not take no for an answer, but later on followed her to England and
+offered himself a second time without effect. Shortly after this she
+and my father were married, and on the advice of Rowland Hill, his
+cousin (Sir Rowland Hill), he took his young bride to Australia.
+Rowland Hill, being his father&rsquo;s trustee under his will, paid my
+father his share, with which he took a stock of goods and started
+business in Sydney.</p>
+
+<p>In 1849 we left Sydney, where I was born, for San Francisco&mdash;father,
+mother, my brother Rowland and myself, in the ship <i>Victoria</i>.
+This vessel my father afterwards purchased and sent to Alberni, or
+Sooke, for a load of lumber for England, when we all were going with
+her. The vessel never came back, having been wrecked somewhere near
+where all the wrecks have since taken place, on the west coast of
+this island. My father was ruined, for there was no insurance, so he
+had to start life anew. He came north to Victoria in 1858, where he
+entered into business until appointed Government Agent at Nanaimo,
+where he served some years, dying at the advanced age of seventy-six.
+My mother died in 1863, and at the present writing, in addition to
+myself, there is one brother in Victoria&mdash;Rowland&mdash;and another
+brother, Arthur, in London, England.</p>
+
+<p>The author has completed his fifty-three years in this fair city.</p>
+
+<p><em class="sc">Dingley Dell</em>,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;December 20th, 1911.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.7</p>
+
+
+<div id="toc">
+<h4 style="text-align:center;font-size:150%;">CONTENTS</h4>
+
+<table>
+<tr><th>CHAPTER.</th><th></th><th>PAGE</th></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">I.</td><td><a href="#rov01">The Experiences of a British Boy in San
+Francisco in the Early Fifties</a></td><td class="numb">11</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">II.</td><td><a href="#rov02">Theatrical Memories</a></td><td class="numb">20</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">III.</td><td><a href="#rov03">My Boyhood Days in Victoria</a></td><td class="numb">26</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">IV.</td><td><a href="#rov04">Victoria&rsquo;s First Directory</a></td><td class="numb">38</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">V.</td><td><a href="#rov05" id="emen1">Some Recollections of Victoria by One who Was There in the Sixties</a></td><td class="numb">57</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">VI.</td><td><a href="#rov06">A Little More Street History</a></td><td class="numb">68</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">VII.</td><td><a href="#rov07">The Victoria <i>Gazette</i>, 1858</a></td><td class="numb">73</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">VIII.</td><td><a href="#rov08">Victoria in 1859&ndash;1860</a></td><td class="numb">84</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">IX.</td><td><a href="#rov09">Fires and Firemen</a></td><td class="numb">92</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">X.</td><td><a href="#rov10">A Siberian Mammoth</a></td><td class="numb">100</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XI.</td><td><a href="#rov11">Mrs. Edwin Donald, Hon. Wymond Hamley, Hon. G. A. Walkem</a></td><td class="numb">109</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XII.</td><td><a href="#rov12">The Consecration of the Iron Church</a></td><td class="numb">115</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XIII.</td><td><a href="#rov13">The Iron Church Again</a></td><td class="numb">121</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XIV.</td><td><a href="#rov14">Its Departed Glories, or Esquimalt, Then and Now</a></td><td class="numb">124</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XV.</td><td><a href="#rov15">Old Quadra Street Cemetery</a></td><td class="numb">129</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XVI.</td><td><a href="#rov16">Pioneer Society&rsquo;s Banquet</a></td><td class="numb">144</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XVII.</td><td><a href="#rov17">Victoria District Church</a></td><td class="numb">149</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XVIII.</td><td><a href="#rov18">Christmas In Pioneer Days</a></td><td class="numb">153</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XIX.</td><td><a href="#rov19">The Queen&rsquo;s Birthday Forty Years Ago</a></td><td class="numb">159</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XX.</td><td><a href="#rov20">Evolution of the Victoria Post Office</a></td><td class="numb">166</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXI.</td><td><a href="#rov21">Fifty Years Ago</a></td><td class="numb">170</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXII.</td><td><a href="#rov22">Forty Years Ago</a></td><td class="numb">174</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXIII.</td><td><a href="#rov23">The Late Governor Johnson</a></td><td class="numb">178</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXIV.</td><td><a href="#rov24">A Trip to a Coral Island</a></td><td class="numb">181</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXV.</td><td><a href="#rov25">A Victorian&rsquo;s Visit to Southern California</a></td><td class="numb">183</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXVI.</td><td><span class="pagenum">p.8</span><a href="#rov26">An Historic Steamer</a></td><td class="numb">199</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXVII.</td><td><a href="#rov27">Colonel Wolfenden&mdash;In Memoriam</a></td><td class="numb">203</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXVIII.</td><td><a href="#rov28">The Closing of View Street in 1858</a></td><td class="numb">206</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXIX.</td><td><a href="#rov29">Mr. Fawcett Retires from the Customs</a></td><td class="numb">212</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXX.</td><td><a href="#rov30">Some Colored Pioneers</a></td><td class="numb">215</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXXI.</td><td><a href="#rov31">John Chapman Davie, M.D.</a></td><td class="numb">220</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXXII.</td><td><a href="#rov32">The Beginning of the Royal Hospital and Protestant Orphan&rsquo;s Home</a></td><td class="numb">226</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXXIII.</td><td><a href="#rov33">Victoria&rsquo;s First Y. M. C. A.</a></td><td class="numb">229</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXXIV.</td><td><a href="#rov34">The Late Mr. T. Geiger</a></td><td class="numb">234</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXXV.</td><td><a href="#rov35">Roster of the Fifty-Eighters</a></td><td class="numb">237</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXXVI.</td><td><a href="#rov36">More Light on Closing of View Street</a></td><td class="numb">240</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXXVII.</td><td><a href="#rov37">Bishop Cridge&rsquo;s Christmas Story</a></td><td class="numb">244</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXXVIII.</td><td><a href="#rov38">Christmas Reminiscences</a></td><td class="numb">258</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XXXIX.</td><td><a href="#rov39">My First Christmas Dinner in Victoria, 1860</a></td><td class="numb">263</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XL.</td><td><a href="#rov40">Evolution of the Songhees</a></td><td class="numb">283</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="numb">XLI.</td><td><a href="#rov41">Victoria the New and the Old</a></td><td class="numb">288</td></tr>
+
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.9</p>
+
+
+
+<h4 style="text-align:center;font-size:150%;">ILLUSTRATIONS</h4>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="#img01">Fort Victoria, 1859, Showing Fort St. Gate</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img11">Government Street, Looking North</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img03">Government Street in 1860</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img04">S. E. corner Government and Yates Streets, 1858</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img06">Lady Douglas</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img06">Sir James Douglas</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img02">Edgar Fawcett</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img20">Hon. Wymond Hamley</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img32">George Richardson</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img27">George Hills, D.D.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img30">Henry Wootton</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img08">Capt. John Irving, Sr.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img24">Quadra Street Cemetery</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img09">A Group of Early Legislators</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img12">Fort Street, Looking East</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img13">Yates Street, Looking East</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img05">Fort Street, Extending Through the Fort</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img14">Old View of Government Street</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img31">Government Street Before the Removal of the "Old Bastion"</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img10">Wharf Street, From Corner Fort Street Northward</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img42">Craigflower, Showing School, 1858</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img17">First Bridge Over James Bay, 1859</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img16">Government Buildings, 1859&ndash;60</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img18">May Day Parade, Hook and Ladder Company, May 1st, 1862</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img43">Hon. Sir Richard McBride, K.C.M.G.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img21">Old View of Douglas Street, Iron Church in the Distance</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img15">Showing Inside of Fort from Wharf Street, 1859</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img49">Hon. Amor De Cosmos</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img25">William P. Sayward</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img28">Thomas Harris</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img22">Bishop Garrett</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img52">First Methodist Church</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img23">First Bridge Over the Gorge, Victoria Arm</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img29">Forty Years Ago, Queen&rsquo;s Birthday, Beacon Hill</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img19">Colonial Hotel</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img35">H. B. Co.&rsquo;s Steamer <i>Beaver</i></a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img44">Part of View Street, 1859</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img26">Victoria District Church, 1859</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img38">Hon. Senator Macdonald</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img37">Lt.-Col. Wolfenden, I.S.O., V.D.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img07">Wm. Leigh</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img41">John Chapman Davie, M.D.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img39">Edgar Fawcett</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img36">Captain "Willie" Mitchell</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img48">Hon. Dr. Helmcken</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img33">Gov. John H. Johnson, of Minnesota</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img40">Samuel Booth</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img45">Rev. Edward Cridge, 1859</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img47">Venerable Bishop Cridge</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img46">Bishop and Mrs. Cridge at their Golden Jubilee</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img34">A Park in San Bernardino</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img50">Songhees Indian Reserve</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#img51">Bastion&mdash;S. W. Corner of Fort</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p class="pagenum">p.11</p>
+
+
+
+<h4 style="font-size:1.5em;text-align:center;margin-top:4em;">SOME REMINISCENCES OF OLD VICTORIA</h4>
+
+
+<h3 id="rov01">CHAPTER I.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">THE EXPERIENCES OF A BRITISH BOY IN SAN FRANCISCO IN THE EARLY
+FIFTIES.</p>
+
+
+<p>I shall commence by saying that I, with my father, mother, brother
+and sister, arrived in San Francisco in 1850, in the ship
+<i>Victoria</i>, from Australia, where I was born. From stress of
+weather we put into Honolulu to refit, and spent, I think, three
+weeks there, and as my mother was not in good health the change and
+rest on shore did her a deal of good. During our stay we became
+acquainted with a wealthy American sugar planter, who was married to
+a pretty native lady. They had no family, and she fell in love with
+your humble servant, who was of the mature age of two and a half
+years. My mother, of course, told me of this years later, how that
+after consulting with her husband, the planter, she seriously
+proposed to my mother that she give me to her for adoption as her
+son; that I should be well provided for in the case of her husband&rsquo;s
+death, and in fact she made the most liberal offers if she might have
+me for her own. It might have been a very important epoch in my life,
+for if my mother had accepted, who knows but what I might have been
+"King of the Hawaiian Islands," as the planter&rsquo;s wife was "well
+connected." <span class="pagenum">p.12</span> But, to proceed, my mother did not accept this
+flattering offer, as naturally she would not, and so we continued
+on our way to San Francisco with many remembrances of my admirer&rsquo;s
+kindness. But this is not telling of my experiences in San Francisco
+eight years after.</p>
+
+<p>My first recollections are complimentary to the citizens of San
+Francisco&mdash;that is, for their universal courtesy to women and
+children; but this is a characteristic of the people, and I will
+illustrate it in a small way. It was the custom in those days for
+ladies to go shopping prepared to carry all they bought home with
+them, and I used to accompany my mother on her shopping expeditions.
+The streets and crossings were in a dreadfully muddy condition, and
+women and children were carried over the crossings, and never was
+there wanting a gallant gentleman ready to fulfil this duty, for a
+duty it was considered then by all men to be attentive to women.</p>
+
+<p>What induced me to write these maybe uninteresting incidents, was the
+last very interesting sketch of early life in San Francisco by my
+friend, Mr. D. W. Higgins, giving an account of the doings of the
+"Vigilance Committee," and the shooting of "James King of William,"
+as I remembered him named, and the subsequent execution of Casey for
+that cold-blooded deed. Cold-blooded it was, for I was an
+eye-witness, strange to say, of the affair, as I will now relate.</p>
+
+<p>I might premise by saying that my father was an enthusiastic
+Britisher. But he was a firm believer in the American axiom,
+though&mdash;"My country, may she ever be right; my country right or
+wrong," and I, his son, echo the same sentiments. It is this
+sentiment that makes me have no love for a pro-Boer. It was this
+<span class="pagenum">p.13</span> pride of country that caused him to go to the expense of
+subscribing for the <i>Illustrated London News</i> at fifty or
+seventy-five cents a number, weekly, and I was on my way to Payot&rsquo;s
+bookstore to get the last number, with the latest account of the
+Crimean War, then waging between England and France against Russia. I
+was within a stone&rsquo;s throw of Washington and Montgomery Streets, I
+think, when I was startled by the sharp report of a pistol, and
+looking around I saw at once where it proceeded from, for there were
+about half a dozen people surrounding a man who had been shot. I, of
+course, made for that point, being ever ready for adventure. The
+victim of the shooting was James King of William, editor of the
+<i>Evening Bulletin</i> newspaper, and the assassin was a notorious
+politician named James Casey, proprietor of the <i>Sunday Times</i>,
+but a very illiterate man for all that.</p>
+
+<p>The cause of the shooting was that James King of William had in his
+paper stated that Casey had served a term in Sing Sing prison in New
+York for burglary. This was true, and was afterwards admitted by
+Casey, but that it should have been made known by an opponent&rsquo;s
+newspaper was too much for him, and he swore that King&rsquo;s days were
+numbered. He kept his word, as the event showed.</p>
+
+<p>The victim of the shooting was able to stagger forward towards the
+Pacific Express building on the corner of Washington and Montgomery
+Streets, and entered the office, only to drop to the floor. Several
+doctors were soon in attendance, and his wound bandaged, and he was
+eventually moved to Montgomery Block, where he remained until he
+died, six days later. It was contended by Doctor Toland that King&rsquo;s
+death was caused by the leaving in the wound of the sponge that was
+inserted <span class="pagenum">p.14</span> immediately after the shooting to stop hemorrhage. There
+were about twenty doctors in all who attended King, so is it any
+wonder he died?</p>
+
+<p>The assassin was taken in charge by his friends, some of whom were at
+the time close at hand, and he was taken to the station, which was a
+block away, and locked up. This was the safest thing for Casey, as
+his friends were in office, and he expected to get off, even if tried
+for the offence, as many a like rogue had done.</p>
+
+<p>It was not long after the shooting ere the bell of the Monumental
+Engine House rang out an alarm. Ten thousand people assembled, as
+louder pealed the bell. The crowd now surged in the direction of the
+jail, calling out, "Lynch him! lynch him!" All this time I was swept
+along in the living stream of people, and well it was for me that I
+was able to keep upright, for had I fallen it is doubtful if I should
+have been able to rise again. The jail was doubly guarded to prevent
+the citizens from getting possession of Casey, who would have been
+summarily dealt with. I was now able to get out of the crowd and go
+home to tell of my wonderful adventure.</p>
+
+<p>I was always in trouble through my continual search for adventure. A
+gentleman friend of ours, bookkeeper, in the San Francisco sugar
+refinery, was one of the Vigilance Committee, which was composed of
+all grades of society, from merchants to workingmen. There were five
+thousand of them enrolled to work a reformation in city government,
+which was then in the hands of gamblers, thieves and escaped
+convicts. At home I heard the trial and execution of Casey discussed,
+and decided at all hazards to go to the important event, but I knew
+it would have to be done on the sly, as my mother would never have
+consented. "I let the cat out of the <span class="pagenum">p.15</span> bag" somehow, as my mother
+gave me a solemn warning that if I went I should get the worst
+whipping I ever had in my life.</p>
+
+<p>I brooded on this for some days, and finally decided to go and take
+my chances of being found out. So on the day I of course played
+hookey, and got to the place early. I climbed up an awning post
+nearly opposite the gallows, and sat on the top with some other
+adventurous spirits, who, like myself, were hungry for adventure. I
+shall not describe what I saw, for my friend, Mr. Higgins, has
+already done that. When I got home I paid dearly for my disobedience.
+My elder brother happened to have been opposite me, on the other side
+of the street. I got my promised whipping, well laid on, and was sent
+supperless to bed, feeling very sore. But I was not fated to go
+without supper, for, as I lay unrepentant, Amy, my little sister,
+crept into the room and brought me part of hers, and, what I more
+appreciated then, her sympathy and tears. God bless her! She was
+taken from us soon after to a better life.</p>
+
+<p>One afternoon later (I won&rsquo;t be sure of dates), as father and I were
+going home, we were arrested by the sweet strains of music, which
+proceeded from a band a block away. Father hesitated for an instant,
+then started off at a run, calling to me to come on. We were soon
+there, and to explain father&rsquo;s strange action in running after a band
+of music, I have only to say that the tune was one dear to the hearts
+of all Britons, "God Save the Queen," so, could you wonder at his
+excitement, as we stood in front of the British Consulate? The reason
+of it all was the news received that day of the fall of Sebastopol.
+After a few words from the consul we all moved off to the French
+Consulate, and here all was repeated, but to the strains of the
+Marseillaise <span class="pagenum">p.16</span> hymn. Of course this good news was fully discussed
+at home, and some days after it was decided to have the event
+celebrated by the British and French residents by a procession and
+banquet in a pavilion, with an ox and several sheep roasted whole.
+The day arrived, and I, of course, had to go with father in the
+procession, carrying a British flag. In the midst of the festivities
+a lot of roughs broke into the pavilion, tore down the British and
+French flags, and then worked havoc with the pavilion itself. It
+was a most disgraceful affair, and would not have occurred, I am
+confident, in any British possession; but then ours may not be such
+a free country. Father was most indignant, and wrote to Marryat&rsquo;s
+newspaper calling on the British Consul to take official notice of
+the affair, but I don&rsquo;t remember the result. Marryat was, I believe,
+an Englishman.</p>
+
+<p>The next little incident I shall name the "Battle of the Standard,"
+because it was all about a little flag. It was the celebration of the
+laying of the Atlantic cable, and all the public school children took
+part in a monster parade. Each child carried a small flag, such as we
+have for the Queen&rsquo;s birthday celebration in Canada.</p>
+
+<p>As may be supposed American flags swamped the British in numbers,
+still there was a good sprinkling of the latter. I happened to be one
+British boy among many American boys, and they bantered me
+considerably about my flag being "alone," and at last exasperated me,
+and on my flag being snatched away by a boy I snatched it back again,
+and in the scuffle it was torn from the stick and I cried with
+vexation. One of the teachers, however, supplied me with another,
+which you may suppose I took good care of. Will the Americans never
+get over their silly jealousy with respect to the flying of foreign <span class="pagenum">p.17</span>
+flags in their country? We Canadians are always pleased to see
+the Star Spangled Banner waving alongside the Union Jack, and hope it
+may long wave.</p>
+
+<p>The Mexican coin valued at two reals, or two bits, as we called it
+then, represented the value of two small apples in those days, and
+everything was dear in proportion. These coins were more in
+circulation than American, I think, the place being full of Mexicans.
+They were very picturesque, riding about dressed in buckskin trousers
+with fringe down the leg, wearing wide-brimmed felt hats and on their
+heels immense spurs, which made a great noise as they walked. They
+were a great attraction to me as they galloped like mad after cattle,
+throwing with great skill a rawhide lariat or lasso, which rarely
+missed its victim. My thirst for adventures led me with several other
+kindred spirits to play hookey from school, and go into the country
+to see these Mexicans drive wild cattle about, and then to the
+slaughterhouse to see them killed. When I was found out I was well
+whipped, of course, but I often escaped.</p>
+
+<p>San Francisco in those days was mostly built of wood, and when a fire
+started, with a fair wind, the damage done was something enormous. My
+spirit of adventure took me to many of these fires, in fact it was
+hard to keep me in when a large one was burning. From our house I
+have seen the greater part of the city swept away twice, and a
+grander sight cannot be imagined, seen from an eminence, and maybe at
+night, too. I was off like a shot, and, running all the way, was soon
+on the scene. Anyone and everyone volunteered to help carry goods to
+a place of safety, and hot work it was, I can tell you, for being
+mostly of wood, and maybe redwood, they (the houses) burnt like
+tinder. From running to so many fires and falling <span class="pagenum">p.18</span> down in my haste
+I got my shins bruised and bleeding, and my trousers, of course,
+torn. I was showing my children these scars only lately, they being
+still much in evidence after fifty-four years.</p>
+
+<p>As I have before stated, the stores were built of redwood, and with
+cellars. The floors of many had trapdoors, and when the fire got near
+them the storekeeper opened the trapdoor, and all the goods were
+swept off the shelves into the cellar, and covered up. After this the
+owner of the building took a bee-line for the lumber yard to get in
+his order for lumber for a new building ahead of his neighbor. They
+were the exciting days and no mistake! A week after one of these
+devastating fires all was built up and looked the same as usual. I
+might state that the firebells rang on all occasions to bring the
+citizens together in those times of tumult, and all prominent men
+were firemen.</p>
+
+<p>I can well remember the election of President Buchanan, and if I
+remember right, the voting was in the open air in each ward of the
+city, the ballots being placed in large glass globes. At one of these
+polling-places I saw a fight, the result of a dispute between a
+Democrat and a Republican over an accusation by one that the other
+had put in a double ticket (I think this was the cause).</p>
+
+<p>To close this history, I might say that my father and his partner put
+all they had, some ten thousand dollars, into a venture which
+eventually brought us to Vancouver Island to live. They bought a
+vessel, and sent her in ballast to Alberni or Sooke for a load of
+lumber, and it was arranged that on her return to San Francisco she
+was to take the lumber to England, and we all were to go home again
+in her. But "L&rsquo;homme propose et Dieu dispose" was here exemplified,
+for the <span class="pagenum">p.19</span> ship never came back. After weeks of anxiety when the ship
+was overdue, one day either the captain, or the mate came to my
+father with the news that the ship was wrecked in Barclay Sound, and
+as there was not a dollar of insurance we were ruined, and had to
+commence all over again.</p>
+
+<p>The result of all this was that later we embarked with about six
+hundred others on the steamer <i>Northerner</i> for Victoria, to try
+and retrieve something of what we lost. I will not vouch for the
+accuracy of the dates or the rotation in which the incidents are
+related, but I have done my best after cudgeling my brain for weeks
+for the general result as here presented.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img02">
+<img width="518" height="832" src="images/vi02.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Edgar Fawcett.]" />
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.20</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov02">CHAPTER II.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">THEATRICAL MEMORIES.</p>
+
+<p>In looking through a trunk of old letters and other odds and ends the
+other day, I came across what might be considered of some interest to
+some of our pioneers in the sixties. The find consisted of six
+playbills, or, as they could very well be considered, theatrical
+posters, from the size; but they were such as were then given to
+people as they passed the doorkeeper into the old Victoria Theatre on
+Government Street. They measure two feet long by ten inches wide, and
+are like posters alongside those now used. These plays were produced
+in the times of Governors Douglas and Seymour, and were under their
+distinguished patronage.</p>
+
+<p>In those days very few theatrical companies visited Victoria, except
+at irregular intervals, so that theatre-goers had to rely, to a great
+extent, on the productions of the Victoria Amateur Dramatic Club to
+fill up the intervals. At this date there were many well-educated and
+professional men here who had come from the Old Country to get rich
+in a short time; and, thinking the mines were close to this city,
+many of these joined the club. Charles Clarke was a prominent member,
+also W. M. Anderson, C. B. Tenniel, together with many of our young
+business men, viz., Arthur Keast, the brewer; Lumley Franklin, the
+auctioneer; S. Farwell, the civil engineer; H. C. Courtney, the
+barrister; H. <span class="pagenum">p.21</span> Rushton and Joseph Barnett, of one of the banks;
+Ben Griffin, mine host of the Boomerang; Godfrey Brown, of Janion,
+Green &amp; Rhodes; W. J. Callingham, of McCutcheon &amp; Callingham, drapers
+(the latter, by the bye, was a most clever low comedian); Plummer,
+the auctioneer; and last, though not least, Alex. Phillips, of
+soda water fame. These names will all be familiar to old pioneers.
+As female talent was scarce, or they were loth to take part in
+theatricals, the other sex had to be enlisted, and I shall not forget
+the meeting at the Boomerang (our meeting-place) when this difficulty
+was met by the suggestion that your humble servant should take
+the part of "Emily Trevor" in "Boots at the Swan." I protested my
+inability, but was overruled. Not yet having occasion to use a razor,
+and being youthful, it was decided that I should try my hand at
+female impersonation, under the "stage name" of "Helen Fawcet." The
+result of the experiment was that I subsequently took the parts of
+"Julia Jenkins" in "Who Stole the Pocket-book?" and "Mary Madden" in
+"Henry Dunbar." This last character was a rather more difficult one
+than the others, and although I was perfect in my part, I was
+reported in the next morning&rsquo;s <i>Colonist</i> by "Leigh Harnett" as
+looking very sweet, etc., but "as not speaking up," which, of course,
+was a serious defect. This criticism was a damper on my theatrical
+aspirations in female parts, for I returned to the commonplace parts
+of a poacher, a brigand and a footman. The performances were
+generally given for some charity, such as the Orphans of St. Ann, the
+fire department, and so forth, and were "under" the distinguished
+patronage of Admiral Hastings and officers of H.M.S. <i>Reindeer</i>, and
+<span class="pagenum">p.22</span> officers of the fleet often helped us out. I see by the bills that
+the admission was $1.50 reserved seats, $1.00 unreserved, and 50
+cents "pit," with $10 for a box. "Performance to commence promptly
+at 7.30." The orchestra was composed, with others, of Digby Palmer,
+F. S. Bushell, Gunther and Roberts, with, I think, Bandmaster Haynes.
+All our performances were given under the direction of R. G. Marsh,
+a standard theatrical manager, who, with his wife, adopted daughter,
+"Jenny Arnot," his son and Miss Yeoman, was a great help to us. In
+fact without their assistance we could not have produced plays with
+female characters. Not to make this too long, I will wind up by
+giving what I can remember of a piece called "The Merchant of Venice
+Preserved," by a local poet. It was full of local hits, which only
+those who were acquainted with politics and the questions of the day
+at that time will understand:</p>
+
+<div class="verse">
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"This shall Inform Bassanio that I&rsquo;m done Brown,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">My chance is up, my ship, alas! gone down.</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">The vessel on her homeward way, sir,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Laden with the rich products of the Fraser (river)&mdash;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">The famed sal-lals for making jams,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Monster sturgeon, cranberries and clams&mdash;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Bumped on the sands and so a wreck became;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Captain, as usual, &lsquo;not at all to blame.&rsquo;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">The people here say just as they like,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">And lay the blame on &lsquo;Titcombe&rsquo; or on &lsquo;Pike.&rsquo;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">For me, no sympathy I get; to them &rsquo;tis fun;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Alas for me, I&rsquo;m &lsquo;Capitally&rsquo; done;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Then those brick stores, which I fondly thought</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">For bonded warehouses would soon be sought;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Bring &lsquo;Nary red,&rsquo; no revenue they raise;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">No ships arriving, no one duty pays;</span><br /><span class="pagenum">p.23</span>
+  <span class="i0">From Sorrow&rsquo;s page I&rsquo;ve learned all man can know,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">For &lsquo;Cochrane&rsquo;s&rsquo; just sold off my grand pi-an-o;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">So if with means to aid me you&rsquo;re invested,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Haste, for the Jews won&rsquo;t rest till I&rsquo;m arrested.</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p style="margin-left:12em">"Your loving friend,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left:15em">"<i>Antonio.</i>"</p>
+
+<p>The evening of my first appearance in female character, I was dressed
+at home, and escorted down town with a lady on each side of me, and I
+can remember how hard it was for them to keep their countenance, for
+several times I thought I was discovered ere we reached the theatre.
+We all walked to and from the theatre in those days&mdash;there were not
+half a dozen hacks in Victoria.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img03">
+<img width="523" height="286" src="images/vi03.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Government St. with Theatre Royal.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The photo shows old "Theatre Royal" at the time of which I write,
+viz., 1866 to 1868, and in which all the theatricals were produced in
+these early days; although there was a sort of theatre used for
+nigger minstrel performances and concert hall business. This was
+situated under Goodacre&rsquo;s butcher shop. The principal actor and negro
+delineator was "Tom Lafont," whose equal I have not seen since as an
+imitator of negro comicalities and as a bird whistler. He will be
+well remembered by old-timers. The Theatre Royal was situated on
+Government Street, one door from the corner of Bastion, as will be
+seen in the picture. This corner was first occupied by Doctor Davie,
+sr., then by a Doctor Dickson, when first I remember it. He died
+about a year ago in Portland, Oregon, just after a visit to this
+city. The theatre was, I think, composed of two of the big barns in
+the fort, which being connected together, made one long building,
+reaching to Langley Street. There was a saloon or <span class="pagenum">p.24</span> restaurant kept
+by Sam Militich on the one side of the front entrance, and Newbury&rsquo;s
+saddlery shop on the other. The upper front of the theatre was used
+as a photograph gallery, and was occupied, among others, by a Mr.
+Gentile and J. Craig. A showcase of photos, in a small annex, which
+was connected with the gallery above, may be seen with a magnifying
+glass.</p>
+
+<p>Charles Keen and Mrs. Keen produced several of Shakespeare&rsquo;s plays
+here in 1864, and I went with my father to see "Macbeth." We had
+seats in the pit, or orchestra chairs, as now known. Reserved tickets
+were three dollars, and although this was thought to be a famine
+price, the opportunity of hearing such celebrated people as the Keens
+was not to be resisted, so the house was packed at each performance.</p>
+
+<p>Charles Wheatley, considered a fine comedian, produced the "Colleen
+Bawn," or the "Brides of Garry Owen." The play made a lasting
+impression on me, as the finest comedy I had ever seen. It may be
+that Mr. Wheatley&rsquo;s fine personation of Danny Mann, the leading part,
+made me think so, but it was a fact nevertheless.</p>
+
+<p>Madame Anna Bishop, whom Mr. Higgins has told us about in one of his
+interesting stories, delighted many audiences in "Old Theatre Royal."</p>
+
+<p>I can also remember the Reverend Morley Puncheon, who was a
+celebrated Methodist preacher, and chairman of the home church in
+England. He gave readings from celebrated authors. During one of
+these readings, and while he was reciting from Macaulay&rsquo;s "Lays of
+Ancient Rome," the fire bell rang, and in less time than five minutes
+there was hardly a man left of his audience. He was at first struck
+dumb with surprise, then offended. That such an ordinary thing, as it
+<span class="pagenum">p.25</span> seemed to him, should have stopped his lecture! But it was
+explained to him how that fires were put out by the citizens
+generally; that it was a matter of much moment to them; that it may
+have been the home of any of them; also that many of the audience
+were members of a fire company, and were liable to be fined for
+non-attendance, although their services were given free. This
+satisfied him, and he went on with the reading. Theatre Royal served
+Victoria until the building of Theatre Victoria.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img04">
+<img width="528" height="273" src="images/vi04.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Corner of Government and Yates streets.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.26</p>
+
+<h3 id="rov03">CHAPTER III.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">MY BOYHOOD DAYS IN VICTORIA.</p>
+
+<div class="verse">
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">How dear to this heart are the scenes of my childhood,</span><br />
+    <span class="i2">When fond recollection presents them to view!</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">The orchard, the meadow, the deep-tangled wildwood,</span><br />
+    <span class="i2">And every loved spot which my boyhood then knew.</span></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i4">Oh! give me back my boyhood days,</span><br />
+    <span class="i6">The sportive days of childhood.</span><br />
+  <span class="i4">The merry games with bat and ball,</span><br />
+    <span class="i6">The rambles through the wildwood.</span></div>
+</div>
+
+<p>As I stated in my experiences in San Francisco in the early fifties,
+and in consequence of the loss of my father&rsquo;s vessel near Alberni, we
+came north to Victoria after gold was discovered in British Columbia.
+We took passage in the steamer <i>Northerner</i>, which was filled
+with passengers and freight, and came via Portland, arriving in
+Esquimalt on the 11th day of February, 1859. I might state that all
+the ocean steamers docked at Esquimalt then, and the passengers were
+freighted round in a smaller steamer to the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay wharf in our
+harbor. The first thing that attracted our attention on coming into
+the harbor was the high palisade of the fort, which ran along Wharf
+Street from the corner of Bastion to Broughton Street, up thence
+to Government Street, along Government to Bastion Street, to the
+cigar store with the brass plate <span class="pagenum">p.27</span> on, now occupied by North and
+Richardson. Opposite Fort Street there was an entrance, and another
+on Wharf Street.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img05">
+<img width="530" height="281" src="images/vi05.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Fort Street, extending through the fort.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>In the centre of the large gates there were smaller ones. These small
+gates were opened every morning at seven o&rsquo;clock on the ringing of
+the fort bell, which was suspended from a kind of belfry in the
+centre of the yard. To the north were the stores and warehouses, and
+to the south large barns; the residences were situated on the east
+side of the fort.</p>
+
+<p>The stores were patronized by all the colonists, not then being
+confined to the Company&rsquo;s servants, as in former times. Fort Street
+looked very different to what it does now. The roadbed was composed
+of boulders, which, being round, made rough riding, and so muddy,
+too! Try and imagine it. The sidewalk was of two-inch boards, laid
+lengthwise, three boards wide, I think, and commenced at the Brown
+Jug corner, running up for three or four blocks.</p>
+
+<p>Where the Brown Jug now stands was a large orchard and garden,
+surrounded by a whitewashed fence, which ran along Government Street
+to Broughton, taking in the whole block eastward. Many an apple have
+I had from this orchard, and apples were apples in those days,
+whatever they may be now.</p>
+
+<p>The Company&rsquo;s bakery, where we got our bread, was across Fort Street,
+on the site of the Five Sisters block, and was a log-built house,
+whitewashed. I think part of the bakehouse was to be seen in late
+years in the rear of a carpenter&rsquo;s shop on Broad Street, also I think
+the baker himself is still alive, and named James Stockham. He made
+excellent bread and charged twenty-five cents a loaf, but such loaves
+they were, being at least three times as large as modern loaves.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.28</p>
+
+<p>There was a good story told of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company, and the
+price of flour and bread during the gold excitement, which reflected
+great credit on the Chief Factor of the company. It was said that a
+scheme was concocted to corner all the flour in the country (<i>&agrave; la</i>
+trust) by some enterprising citizens across the border; and the
+Company was approached by these gentlemen, who proposed to them to
+buy their whole stock of flour for that purpose. To the credit of
+the Company&rsquo;s officials, they refused to do so, and sold at the usual
+price, against the combination, and so broke it up.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img06">
+<img width="542" height="453" src="images/vi06.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Sir James Douglas and Lady Douglas.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>After we had got settled in our new home the question of sending me
+to school was discussed, and easily settled, for it was Hobson&rsquo;s
+choice. The Colonial School, as it was called, was on the site of the
+present Central School. It was the only one I can think of except
+Angela College, and maybe a private school. There was a fee of five
+dollars a year charged, payable quarterly in advance.</p>
+
+<p>After you left Blanchard Street, the way to the school was by a
+pathway through the woods. The country around View and Fort Streets,
+up to Cook, was very swampy, and covered mostly by willow and alder
+trees. In fact there was a small swamp or lake on View Street, where
+there was good duck shooting in winter. When I went to the Colonial
+School in 1859, it was taught by a young man named Kennedy, whose
+father was Dr. Kennedy, of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company, and whose
+brother was in the same service. Some months later he resigned, and
+his successor was an Irishman named W. H. Burr, whose temper was
+quick, like my own, and although he tried to make me a good scholar,
+I am afraid I did not do him or his teaching justice, and <span class="pagenum">p.29</span> I
+remember two good beatings he gave me far better than the useful
+knowledge he tried to inculcate.</p>
+
+<p>It was thus: Our school might aptly be termed a mixed one, for it
+consisted of boys and girls who sat together. This arrangement just
+suited me, for I was fond of the girls. There were white boys and
+black boys, Hebrews and Gentiles, rich and poor, and we all sat close
+together to economize room. One day a dispute arose between a white
+boy and a black boy, and ended in a fistic encounter. I was mainly
+instrumental in bringing it about, and backed my man until the sponge
+was thrown up by the white boys&rsquo; friend. Mr. Burr heard of the
+occurrence through the boys not reporting at the school the next
+morning, and an investigation by the master revealed my part in the
+affair. I was sentenced to be flogged for aiding and abetting. This
+was announced in the morning, and to be carried out in the afternoon.
+My friends collected around me after school closed and various advice
+was given me as to how I should act under the trying circumstances.
+After the consultation was over it was decided that I should put on a
+pair of old gloves inside out, as it was supposed the cane would not
+hurt as much that way, and it being dusk at four o&rsquo;clock, when we
+broke up in winter, the master might not see the difference in the
+color of my hands. I was on hand at flogging time, against the advice
+of some of my friends, who counselled me not to show up. Mr. Burr
+laid on the cane on my hands, and at first I did not feel it much,
+but after about half the whipping was given it got unbearable, and I
+could not hold out any longer, so bolted, was stopped, knocked down,
+and eventually I got under the seats and desks, and was followed by
+the irate master and hit on any part that was exposed to view. Mr.
+<span class="pagenum">p.30</span> Burr did not give up until he was tired out, and I was glad
+to take advantage of this fact and get out, and off home, a much
+wiser if not a better boy. I got little sympathy at home when I told
+them that I had been whipped for causing a fight between a white boy
+and a black boy named White.</p>
+
+<p>My next whipping was interrupted by the master&rsquo;s wife, who frequently
+interfered, and by her pleadings for the culprit and offering to go
+bail for his future good behavior, got him off with lighter
+punishment. I shall always think kindly of Mrs. Burr, for if ever
+there was a good, kind-hearted woman it was she. Mr. Burr often went
+to auctions, and before going, he appointed a monitor, who had charge
+during his absence. One day during his absence all hands vacated our
+desks and proceeded to the vegetable garden, which contained a good
+assortment of all kinds, and as boys are known to be over-fond of raw
+carrots and turnips, especially if stolen, we were soon at work
+digging up our favorite vegetables. After peeling them with our
+jackknives we might have been seen sitting on the fence and school
+porch eating as only boys can eat. In the midst of our vegetarian
+feast the lookout announced the distant approach of the master, and
+then there was a scattering of the boys, as half-eaten carrots and
+turnips were thrown away, and we regained our seats in school looking
+as innocent as lambs. Then Mr. Burr appeared on the scene. Mrs. Burr
+must have seen us, but was too good-hearted to tell her husband all
+she knew.</p>
+
+<p>I have said the school was reached by a trail through the woods, and
+very pretty the woods looked in summer. The school and grounds were
+surrounded by spreading oaks, which covered that part of the city, or
+country as it was then called, and it was under these trees we sat
+<span class="pagenum">p.31</span> with the girls and ate our lunch, or rested in the shade after our
+innings at ball. Wild flowers, that now are only found miles away,
+were found there in profusion. We children always took our lunches,
+it being considered too far to go home for the midday meal.</p>
+
+<p>Many will remember the old schoolhouse which was pulled down to make
+way for the present Central School. It was built of square logs and
+whitewashed, and was occupied by the master and his family. The
+school proper occupied only about a third of the building, and was a
+large room extending from the front to the back of the building. Of
+the old boys and girls who survive those early school days I can
+think of these: Judge Harrison; John Elford, of Elford &amp; Smith;
+Theophilus Elford, of Shawnigan Lake Lumber Company; Mr. Anderson, of
+Saanich; the Tolmie and Finlayson boys; Edward Wall (late Erskine &amp;
+Wall); Ernest Leigh, son of the late city clerk, now of San
+Francisco, and John and Fred Mecredy, also of San Francisco. Of the
+girls there are Sarah Allatt, now Mrs. Jos. Wriglesworth; Sylvestra
+Layzell, now Mrs. O. C. Hastings, and her sister Lucy, now also
+married; and Sarah Pointer, now Mrs. Carter. I had nearly forgotten
+Ned Buckley, who left here for the States and became an actor of some
+note.</p>
+
+<p>Of those dead I can best remember David Work, of Hillside Farm, and
+my chum, the late James Douglas, son of Sir James, then Governor. If
+I remember right, he was unintentionally the cause of my second
+whipping. He seemed much attached to me, and many were the rides we
+had together in his trap, which brought him to school every morning.
+He was a kindred spirit, wilful like myself, and had a habit of
+suddenly getting up in school and announcing to the master that he
+was <span class="pagenum">p.32</span> going home, or it might be for some long drive, usually to
+Cadboro Bay. Mr. Burr would remonstrate with him, but generally gave
+way, and off he went. As he and I got intimate he wanted me to go
+with him on these expeditions, and often at the unseemly hours of two
+or three o&rsquo;clock, during school.</p>
+
+<p>One day he got up suddenly in his seat and said: "Mr. Burr, I am
+going home and I want Fawcett to go with me; that will be all right,
+won&rsquo;t it?"</p>
+
+<p>"Now, Master James," said Mr. Burr, "I cannot allow this; I must
+protest against this going away during school hours. If His
+Excellency only knew, what would he say?"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, that will be all right, Mr. Burr."</p>
+
+<p>"No, no, James, it is not all right, and as for Fawcett going with
+you I cannot allow it, Master James; heed me or I must have a word
+with Sir James about you."</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img07">
+<img width="239" height="406" src="images/vi07.jpg" alt="[Portrait: William Leigh.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>All this time James was standing up at his desk with his riding-whip
+in his hand, and making signs for me to follow, which I proceeded to
+do, the master protesting all the time. I got my reward next day, but
+not as bad as I would have got had not good Mrs. Burr come to my
+rescue. We drove to Upland Farm, then the home of City Clerk Leigh
+and his family, at Cadboro Bay. Mrs. Leigh was always good to James
+and I on these visits to the farm, getting us the best to eat and
+plenty of fresh milk to drink. By some understanding between Sir
+James and Mr. Burr we continued these afternoon drives, and it may be
+imagined how we boys enjoyed them. We continued friends to the last,
+and years after I worked like a beaver when he was elected a member
+of the Legislature for Victoria City. He was godfather to my eldest
+son, who was named after him. I have still <span class="pagenum">p.33</span> a handsome book given
+me by Sir James at the last break-up of school before I left.</p>
+
+<p>We now and then hear complaints by prudish people of the boys bathing
+on Victoria Arm, on Deadman&rsquo;s Island and elsewhere without a full
+bathing suit. What would they say to the boys of my time bathing in
+Nature&rsquo;s suit only, and that on the waterfront from James Bay bridge
+all around to the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s wharf? We bathed there at
+all times, and to our heart&rsquo;s content, and never was exception taken
+to it by the authorities, or in fact by anyone. Use is second nature,
+and I suppose that accounted for it.</p>
+
+<p>Have any of my readers ever seen Deadman&rsquo;s Island (the island which
+is opposite Leigh&rsquo;s mill) when it was covered with trees and shrubs?
+Well, up these trees were corpses of Indians fastened up in trunks
+and cracker boxes, but mostly trunks, the bodies being doubled up to
+make them fit in the trunk, and then suspended like Mahomet&rsquo;s coffin
+between heaven and earth. There were also some Indians buried in the
+shallow soil and surrounded by fences, and again boxes of corpses
+were piled one on top of the other. This island was a favorite place
+of the school boys as a rendezvous for swimming, and many a summer&rsquo;s
+afternoon and Saturday have I spent there in the good old days gone
+by.</p>
+
+<p>I shall now relate an incident of one of these expeditions to the
+island by myself and three others. I can recollect the names of only
+two members of the expedition of that Saturday, and I might say that
+they were my schoolfellows of the Collegiate School, which occupied
+the site of Mr. Ellis&rsquo;s residence on Church Hill, and was afterwards
+burnt down. I left the Colonial School in 1860, and transferred to
+the Collegiate School, <span class="pagenum">p.34</span> which was conducted as a church institution.
+Rev. C. T. Woods was principal, with Rev. Mr. Reese, "Cantab."
+Williams, and Messrs. Vincent and Palmer, French and drawing and
+music, as the full staff. Well, about the Deadman&rsquo;s Island affair.
+One Saturday afternoon in midsummer four of us&mdash;Robert Branks, a
+brother of Mrs. Doctor Powell, William Galley, James Estall and a
+fourth whose name I cannot now remember hired a boat at Lachapelle&rsquo;s,
+near James Bay Bridge, and made for Deadman&rsquo;s Island. We enjoyed the
+luxury of running about the island like the savages on Robinson
+Crusoe&rsquo;s island, then dived into deep water, swam around for a time
+and landed to dry and warm ourselves at a fire we had made for that
+purpose. All boys know that a fire is indispensable to swimming and
+bathing.</p>
+
+<p>While squatting on the ground around the fire the idea struck me that
+by the way the wind was blowing it would not need much encouragement
+for the fire to take hold of some of the boxes of bones, which may
+have represented an Indian chief, his wife or child. I then proposed
+that we accidentally on purpose "set fire to the whole lot." After a
+council of war it was finally decided to carry out my suggestion, as
+a grand wind-up of our day&rsquo;s outing. Time after time we dived off,
+and swam around till tired, and then came ashore to dry ourselves at
+the fire. This is the exact routine of boys&rsquo; swimming expeditions of
+these present days, and will be to the end of all time. We got tired
+of it at last and dressed, preparing to go home, when the subject of
+the firing of the Indian corpses was again discussed. Should we do it
+or not? Robert Branks was with me all right, but one boy was fearful
+of the consequences. "The chief and all the Indians on the Songhees
+reserve would <span class="pagenum">p.35</span> soon see the fire and would be after us." There was
+something in this, for there were hundreds then, where there are now
+dozens, and it was risky.</p>
+
+<p>After each had said his say, we put it to the vote, and it was
+carried three to one that the fire take place. We set fire to a lot
+of pieces of broken coffins at two separate places alongside a pile
+of boxes or trunks of bones. Then we made all haste to get aboard our
+craft, up sail and away. We had hardly reached the bridge and crossed
+the harbor from the bottom of Johnson Street to the Indian reserve,
+when the fire could be seen plainly as having been a success from our
+point of view&mdash;so much so that we made greater haste to get to the
+boathouse. We lost no time in settling up for the boat hire, and
+making the best of our legs in getting home. The paper next morning
+was early sought for, and with fear and trembling, too. There was
+good reason for fear, for the paper gave an account of the affair.
+The Indians had made complaint to the police, and they were searching
+for the culprits. I was afraid to go out at all, much less to go to
+school, and every knock at the door made me start. I at last
+confessed to my parents my share in the business, and it was decided
+that I must "lay low" for a few days, and lucky it was for me I did
+not get what I deserved, a good whipping, as my mother said. The
+quartette of boys kept their counsel, and we escaped a visit from the
+police.</p>
+
+<p>Some time later we visited the island to see the result of the fire,
+and found that all traces of the burying-ground had vanished, the
+surface of the island being swept clean, with not a trace of boxes,
+bones or trees, and it has remained so till this day.</p>
+
+<p>In the absence of Chinese market gardens, and the kitchen garden now
+attached to most homesteads, we <span class="pagenum">p.36</span> had to go to a distance for our
+vegetables. It took us the best part of a day to go to Hillside Farm
+for a sack of assorted vegetables. Several boys would start together
+for this trip into the country. It is astonishing how the absence
+of streets or roads lengthens this distance, and so it was then. We
+started after breakfast and took our lunch, going across country by
+trail, each with a sack, which was filled by old Willie Pottinger,
+the gardener, for a shilling. Very good and fresh they were, and very
+cheap this was considered. With our loads we started for home, and
+the further we got from Hillside the heavier the vegetables got, and
+therefore the more stoppages we made to rest. At last Port and
+Blanchard Streets were in sight, and we were home again, tired out
+and hungry as hunters.</p>
+
+<p>The last I remember of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay fort was during the contest
+brought on by the burning question of the day, namely Union and
+Tariff vs. Free Port. The mainland represented Tariff and the island
+Free Port. Should we join with the mainland with a tariff or remain
+Free Port? The hustings was erected in the fort, and the pros and
+cons were discussed by the rival candidates. I took part, although
+too young to vote, and worked day and night for my friend Amor De
+Cosmos, who was in favor of union and tariff, and we won the day,
+too.</p>
+
+<p>Before I conclude I would again speak of the large stores in the
+fort, which supplied the colonists with all they required except
+meats. It was said at the time that you might get anything at the
+stores, from a needle to an anchor. This might well have been true,
+for it was the repository of all the Company&rsquo;s goods for supplying
+their servants with all their necessaries.</p>
+
+<p>One of the first visits I paid was with my mother, as <span class="pagenum">p.37</span> in San
+Francisco, and amongst various articles I carried away was a pair of
+Old Country boots. These boots I am not likely to forget, as I wore
+them so long. The soles were twice the usual thickness of even boys&rsquo;
+boots, and, like a horseshoe, had a row of nails with projecting
+square heads a quarter inch thick. These boots left their mark
+wherever they went, and, as may be supposed, as I was a strong,
+healthy boy with a roving disposition, they travelled considerably.
+Wear them out I could not, kicking rocks and stubbing my toes against
+everything I came against, for I found them awkward and heavy to
+carry, and in fact everything gave way before them. My poor mother
+often called out at the marks of the square-headed nails on her
+clean floors, which in those days were not covered with carpets or
+linoleum, as now. These boots were a feature of the store, and were,
+I think, $3.75 or $4 a pair&mdash;but enough of hobnailed boots.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.38</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov04">CHAPTER IV.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">VICTORIA&rsquo;S FIRST DIRECTORY.</p>
+
+<p>In 1860 was issued the first directory of Victoria, Vancouver Island,
+by Edward Mallandaine, an architect, who continued to issue a
+Victoria directory at intervals for years afterwards. Through the
+kindness of Mr. Mallandaine, who is a pioneer of 1858, I am enabled
+to review this relic of early and interesting times, for those of us
+who remember them as "the good old times." I shall here give some of
+the author&rsquo;s "Prefatory remarks":</p>
+
+<p>"It has been thought by the author of the following work that the
+present being an age of advancement, the period has fully arrived
+when our fair town of Victoria is of sufficient importance to deserve
+that index of commercial progress, a Directory. We have been reliably
+informed that about 35,000 immigrants from California and elsewhere
+have arrived, and have produced a most marvellous state of transition
+in the two countries [Vancouver Island and British Columbia.] A
+number of wharves have been constructed this past season, a new
+timber bridge across James Bay has been built, giving access to the
+newly-erected Government offices for public lands and to Government
+House, which are of an ornamental character. Streets leading to the
+bridge have been graded and metalled over and are passable at all
+times. A temporary want <span class="pagenum">p.39</span> of funds alone prevents more being done in
+this way, as also the completion of two embankments (in lieu of
+bridges) in a ravine <a id="emen2">[Johnson Street, I think, E. F.]</a>. Wooden
+buildings have ceased to be the order of the day. We have been
+fortunate in hitherto escaping with but one single disaster in the
+shape of fire. Some public-spirited citizens taking the lead, a Hook
+and Ladder Company has been organized, and subscriptions raised to
+defray the necessary outlay of a building and a Hook and Ladder
+Apparatus and an Engine. We have a large bookstore [Hibben &amp;
+Carswell&rsquo;s]; two hotels of considerable dimensions, Royal and
+Victoria, and several houses, all erected in brickwork. The Hudson&rsquo;s
+Bay Company are erecting a warehouse of pretentious dimension of
+stone, which they import from a distance of not less than forty
+miles, and a new bank, &lsquo;Bank of British North America.&rsquo; Great demands
+are made for a Public Hall for meetings, and the want of a Theatre
+is felt. The last few months have seen an increase in our legal
+defenders, and the arrival of an attorney-general for British
+Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>"We have seen by an effort in the right direction a large tract of
+land, 20,000 acres in the neighborhood of Victoria, put up for sale
+by auction at the upset price of $1.00 per acre.</p>
+
+<p>"We have of churches one Episcopalian, one Roman Catholic, one
+Methodist mission, one Congregational mission, one nunnery school,
+Sisters of St. Ann&rsquo;s, one private educational institute (by the
+author) for both sexes, and one Young Ladies&rsquo; Seminary.</p>
+
+<p>"We have an hospital (Royal) started originally by Rev. Edward
+Cridge, of Christ Church, and now sadly overburdened with debt.</p>
+
+<p>"A Masonic lodge is in course of formation; an Odd <span class="pagenum">p.40</span> Fellows&rsquo;
+Association has been in existence for a year; a Ladies&rsquo; Benevolent
+Society, under the presidency of Mrs. Col. Moody; a Hebrew Victoria
+Benevolent Society has been in existence some six months; a
+Philharmonic Society, under the conduct of John Bailey, is among one
+of its oldest institutions, and to conclude we have in Victoria a
+<i>free port</i>. This is an immense advantage, coupled with its commanding
+situation for an eastern and Asiatic trade and its position, opposite
+the North American and Pacific railway (which will shortly be an
+undoubted fact). In conclusion, we have to place our work in its
+present state in the hands of an indulgent public," E. M., etc.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img08">
+<img width="264" height="450" src="images/vi08.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Captain John Irving.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>I now propose to review the names of the 1860 pioneer merchants, as
+illustrated on the covers and through the directory, bringing their
+names before the pioneers of those days again. This directory is
+nothing more than a history of the city at that time, and to me is
+most interesting reading. It is not to be supposed that newcomers of
+twenty years&rsquo; residence will give it more than passing notice, but
+they will excuse us old hands for being interested.</p>
+
+<p>On the front cover is a picture of the Royal Hotel on Wharf Street,
+corner of Johnson, Jas Wilcox, proprietor, who also owned property on
+Fort Street opposite Philharmonic Hall, Wilcox Alley running through
+the property. The Royal Hotel with the Victoria were the first brick
+hotels built here in 1858. It was on a vacant lot alongside the Royal
+Hotel that the Rev. Alexander C. Garrett, about 1861 or 1862, used to
+preach on Sunday afternoons to large crowds, mostly sailors and
+miners, although all sorts and conditions of sinners were there. He
+was a most eloquent Irishman, was a missionary to the Indians, and
+lived on the Songhees reserve. The choir of Christ Church attended to
+lead <span class="pagenum">p.41</span> the music, and as I was a choir boy, I was there, as also,
+I think, Dr. Davie. The minister stood on a packing-box, and the
+whole scene is vivid in my memory. The motley crowd, as may be
+supposed, the music in the open air, and the eloquent speaker, all
+combined to make the scene one to be remembered. Mr. Garrett left
+here for the States, afterwards being made bishop of the Protestant
+Episcopal Church of America.</p>
+
+<p>On the inside of the cover is a picture of Stationers&rsquo; Hall, Hibben &amp;
+Carswell, on the corner of Yates and Langley Streets. During
+fifty-four years the business has gone on prospering. Although the
+three principals of that day are gone to their rest, the business is
+still carried on as Hibben &amp; Co., under the able management of
+William S. Bone, one of its partners. I might state that Mr. Bone
+entered the business as a boy at the age of eighteen years, and
+subsequently a partnership was formed, consisting of T. N. Hibben, C.
+W. Kammerer and William H. Bone. R. T. Williams, in charge of the
+Provincial Government Bindery, was also on the staff of this pioneer
+firm in the early sixties.</p>
+
+<p>On the next page are two views, one of William Zelnor&rsquo;s drug store,
+on Government Street, between Yates and Johnson, east side. He
+afterwards moved to the corner of Yates and Government, where the B.
+C. Market now does business. The second is the store of Webster and
+Co., Yates Street, the building now occupied by Bissinger and Co.,
+hide dealers. Mr. Jesse Cowper, who was a resident of Menzies Street,
+James Bay, was a partner in the firm, and a cousin of the Websters,
+and after many years&rsquo; connection with the concern retired to enjoy
+the results of his success in this business. He has since died.</p>
+
+<p>Janion &amp; Green, commission merchants, foot of Johnson Street, near
+the bridge, come next. The firm <span class="pagenum">p.42</span> was afterwards Janion, Green &amp;
+Rhodes; the latter was the respected father of Mr. Rhodes, of the
+firm of Brackman &amp; Ker Milling Co., and was Hawaiian consul, having
+previously been in business in Honolulu. The business house of A.
+Hoffman, dry goods, north-west corner of Yates and Government, is
+a frame building. Next are two well-known firms, viz., A. Gilmore,
+merchant tailor, Yates Street, fourth door from Waddington Alley, and
+K. Gambitz, Yates Street, next to Bank of British North America. He
+was an American Hebrew, and sold out to Thomas and William Wilson,
+who for many years conducted the business on Government Street as the
+"City House."</p>
+
+<p>James Bell, general hardware, Johnson Street; Robertson, Stewart &amp;
+Co., commission merchants, Yates Street; and Bayley&rsquo;s Hotel, which
+was on the site of the Pritchard House, now turned into a bank;
+Sporburg &amp; Co., importers of provisions and dry goods, Wharf Street,
+foot of Yates; Thos. Patrick &amp; Co., corner Johnson and Government
+Streets, wholesale liquors; Pierce &amp; Seymour, corner Yates and
+Douglas Streets, furniture dealers. Mr. Seymour was one of the
+charter members of the Pioneer Society, which society he took a great
+interest in. He was a firm believer in the cold water cure, and took
+cold water baths for all ailments. One morning, his furniture store
+(which then occupied the site of the Colonist Building) not opening
+up at the usual hour, the door was broken open, and Mr. Seymour was
+found dead in his cold bath. He was a good-hearted man, and a good
+friend to many. Lester &amp; Gibbs, the colored grocers, Yates Street,
+between Wharf and Government Streets; Adolph Sutro &amp; Co., wholesale
+cigars and tobacco, corner Wharf and Yates Streets; A. Blackman,
+stoves and tinware, Yates <span class="pagenum">p.43</span> Street, near Wharf; N. Munroe &amp; Co.,
+Yates Street, opposite Stationers&rsquo; Hall, dry goods and clothing;
+Pioneer Mineral Water Works, Humboldt Street, south side; Phillips
+&amp; Co.; E. Mallandaine, architect, Broad Street, near Yates;
+Macdonald &amp; Co., bankers, Yates Street. Of this bank I have a lively
+recollection, as its career came to an end suddenly by the discovery
+being made one morning that the bank had been robbed, and exit made
+through the roof. I have $36 of their notes to remember it by.
+W. F. Herre, News Depot, Yates Street, between Wharf and Government
+Streets; W. H. Oliver, Johnson Street, opposite Wharf Street,
+wholesale dealer in liquors (situated over the ravine); C. J. Pidwell
+&amp; Co., furniture dealers, Yates Street; Wells, Fargo &amp; Co., Express
+and Exchange Co.; C. C. Pendergast, accountant, Yates Street, between
+Wharf and Government Streets; G. Huston, gunsmith, Yates Street,
+below Wells, Fargo &amp; Co.; Langley Bros., wholesale and retail
+druggists, Yates Street; J. D. Carroll, wines and liquors, wholesale,
+Yates Street; Reid &amp; Macdonald, commission merchants, Wharf Street;
+Wm. Burlington Smith, groceries, Government Street, near Yates;
+Selim, Franklin &amp; Co., auctioneers and land agents, Yates Street. I
+think all these names will be familiar to some of the early pioneers,
+as they are to me.</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Public Departments of Vancouver Island for 1860.</h4>
+
+<p>Governor&mdash;James Douglas, C.B.</p>
+
+<p>Legislative Council&mdash;His Excellency the Governor, Hon. John Work,
+Hon. Roderick Finlayson, Hon. David Cameron, judge; Hon. Donald
+Fraser, clerk; Rev. Edward Cridge.</p>
+
+<p>House of Assembly&mdash;Members for Esquimalt&mdash;J. S. Helmcken, M.D.,
+Speaker; Capt. Cooper, harbor master, <span class="pagenum">p.44</span> and Capt. J. Gordon. Members
+for Victoria District&mdash;W. F. Tolmie, M.D.; A. D. Waddington, H. P. P.
+Crease, barrister; G. H. Carey, Attorney-General, B.C., and
+Selim Franklin. Saanich&mdash;C. Coles. Nanaimo&mdash;A. R. Green. Lake
+District&mdash;Major Foster. Salt Spring&mdash;J. J. Southgate. Metchosin&mdash;J.
+McDonald.</p>
+
+<p>Ecclesiastical&mdash;Right Rev. George Hills, Bishop of British Columbia;
+Rev. Edward Cridge, Victoria; Rev. R. Dundas, Esquimalt; Rev. R.
+Dawson, Craigflower.</p>
+
+<p>Judicial&mdash;Hon. David Cameron, Judge Supreme Court; Attorney-General,
+Geo. H. Carey; Sheriff, G. W. Heaton.</p>
+
+<p>Colonial Secretary&rsquo;s Office&mdash;W. A. G. Young, R. N., colonial
+secretary; clerks, Philip Nind, Joseph Porter.</p>
+
+<p>Treasury&mdash;Capt. W. D. Gossett, R.E., treasurer.</p>
+
+<p>Lands and Works&mdash;J. D. Pemberton, colonial surveyor; surveyors and
+draughtsmen, B. W. Pearse, H. O. Tedieman.</p>
+
+<p>Police&mdash;A. F. Pemberton, J. P., commissioner police; superintendent,
+Jno. Bayley, four sergeants and twelve constables.</p>
+
+<p>Postmaster, Victoria, J. D. Ewes; clerk, J. Morrison.</p>
+
+<p>Harbor Master&mdash;J. Nagle, J.P.</p>
+
+<p>Postage&mdash;To Australia, via England, 48c.; to France, 50c. To Great
+Britain, 34c.; Germany, 40c.</p>
+
+<p>It will be seen that the postage was high and letters a great luxury,
+and I have only mentioned the four principal countries we have an
+interest in; also I would call attention to the number of police
+constables required in those early days, there being a total of
+seventeen.</p>
+
+<p>I have thought it might be interesting to the few remaining pioneers
+of 1862 to revive an interest in events of fifty years ago. I often
+wonder whether our old <span class="pagenum">p.45</span> pioneers think of the days that are gone
+like I do, recall events and persons, take notice of the removal of
+old landmarks, such as the James Bay bridge and Sceeley&rsquo;s "Australian
+House," at the north end of it, not forgetting the old pioneers who
+have passed away recently, among whom were Simeon Duck, Jacob Sehl,
+Thomas Storey, Wm. P. Sayward, Capt. Lewis, Isadore Braverman, Edward
+Mallandaine and Jeremiah Griffiths. There is a certain amount of
+pleasure in these reminiscences, melancholy though it may be to those
+concerned. I shall now quote from the editor&rsquo;s preface of the
+directory of 1863 on the progress of the city:</p>
+
+<p>"At no time since the excitement attending its first settlement in
+1858 has Victoria made greater strides, or her prosperity so
+materially increased, as during the past year. Since the commencement
+of last year her population has at least doubled, and the increase of
+buildings and improvements has been almost in proportion. During the
+winter season the town is thronged with strangers from British
+Columbia and elsewhere, who migrate in the spring. Apart from that
+the number of the inhabitants may be set down at 6,000. Victoria
+contains about 1,500 buildings, some of them very creditable to the
+size of the city, among them the Government offices and the jail.
+There are several commodious brick hotels, the principal being the
+St. Nicholas, the St. George and the Royal. The city is adorned with
+five churches, two belonging to the Church of England, one Roman
+Catholic, one Wesleyan and one Congregational. A Jewish synagogue and
+a Presbyterian church (Pandora Street) are in course of construction.
+There are also a theatre (Theatre Royal, Government Street) and a
+hospital, the latter being supported by voluntary contributions.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.46</p>
+
+<p>"The sittings of the Legislature and law courts of Vancouver Island
+are held in the city. There are two joint stock banks (British North
+America and British Columbia), and three private banking houses.
+Until lately Victoria was without a corporation; during the past year
+(1862) an act to incorporate the town was passed by the Legislature.
+The authorities consisted of a mayor and six councillors. Effective
+and speedy measures will now be adopted to complete the grading of
+the streets and laying down sidewalks. The water frontage of the town
+has since the removal of the old bridge (from foot of Johnson Street
+to Indian reserve) been greatly extended, and several wharves are now
+available for shipping above the point where that obstacle to
+navigation existed. A company has been formed to build a railway
+connecting Victoria with the capacious harbor of Esquimalt. Among
+other institutions the town may now boast of its gas works. A company
+has also been organized to supply the town with water from Elk Lake,
+eight miles distant. The value of real estate in the city has
+increased in many places over 75 per cent. during the last nine
+months. The city is a &lsquo;free port,&rsquo; and therefore not troubled with
+custom duties. Vessels drawing fifteen feet of water may cross the
+bar of the harbor at high water, and a sum of &pound;10,000 has been
+voted by the Legislature to the improvement of the harbor. Steam
+communication is carried on three times a month between Victoria and
+San Francisco, every alternate trip being made via Portland. A
+surprising impetus has been given to agriculture by the number of
+newly-arrived immigrants, who have settled in the most fertile
+districts around Victoria.</p>
+
+<p>"With land at four shillings an acre, and time allowed for payments,
+together with the improved state <span class="pagenum">p.47</span> of communication between
+Victoria and the back settlements, we may hope that the inhabitants
+of the town will not in future be so dependent on neighboring
+countries for their supplies of produce."</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Official List for Vancouver Island.</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>James Douglas, C.B., Governor.</li>
+
+<li>W. A. G. Young, Colonial Secretary.</li>
+
+<li>Joseph Porter, Chief Clerk.</li>
+
+<li>George H. Carey, Attorney-General.</li>
+
+<li>A. Hensley, Clerk.</li>
+
+<li>Alex. Watson, Treasurer.</li>
+
+<li>Jos. Despard Pemberton, Surveyor-General.</li>
+
+<li>W. B. Pearse, Assistant.</li>
+
+<li>Robert Ker, Auditor (father of D. R. Ker).</li>
+
+<li>Thos. E. Holmes, Clerk.</li>
+
+<li>Edward G. Alston, Registrar-General of Deeds.</li>
+
+<li>Charles G. Wylly, Assessor (still with us).</li>
+
+<li>Henry Wootton, Postmaster (father of Stephen and E. E. Wootton).</li>
+
+<li>J. M. Sparrow, Clerk (still with us).</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 class="sc">The Legislature.</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Hon. Rodk. Finlayson, Hon. Donald Fraser, Hon. David Cameron, Hon.
+Alfred J. Langley, Edw. G. Alston and Hon. Alex Watson, nominative.</li>
+
+<li>J. S. Helmcken, G. H. Carey and Selim Franklin, Victoria City.</li>
+
+<li>Wm. Cocker, Esquimalt.</li>
+
+<li>W. F. Tolmie, M.D., J. W. Trutch, and Jas. Trimble, M.D., Victoria District.</li>
+
+<li>Geo. F. Foster and W. J. Macdonald, Lake District.</li>
+
+<li>J. J. Southgate, Salt Spring Island. <span class="pagenum">p.48</span></li>
+
+<li>D. B. Ring, Nanaimo.</li>
+
+<li>John Coles, Saanich.</li>
+
+<li>Robert Burnaby, Esquimalt.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Victoria Fire Department.</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>John Dickson, Chief Engineer.</li>
+
+<li>John Malovanski, Assistant Engineer.</li>
+
+<li>Chas. Gowen, President Board Delegates.</li>
+
+<li>Jas. S. Drummond, Secretary Board Delegates.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 class="sc">ORGANIZATION OF COMPANIES.</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Union Hook and Ladder, November 22nd, 1859, D. A. Edgar, Foreman.</li>
+
+<li>Deluge Engine, No. 1, March 5th, 1860. Jas. S. Drummond, Foreman.</li>
+
+<li>Tiger Engine No. 2, March 23rd, 1860. Samuel L. Kelly, Foreman.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note.&mdash;Of these pioneer firemen of Victoria of this date, Sam Kelly
+is (1910) the only surviving member of the executive.</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">H. M. S. Ships of the Pacific Station.</h4>
+
+<p>Rear-Admiral, Sir Thomas Maitland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bacchante</i>, 51 guns; <i>Chameleon</i>, 17 guns;
+<i>Charybdis</i>, 17 guns; <i>Clio</i>, 22 guns; <i>Devastation</i>,
+6 guns; <i>Forward</i>, 3 guns; <i>Grappler</i>, 3 guns;
+<i>Hecate</i>, 6 guns; <i>Mutine</i>, 16 guns; <i>Naiad</i>, 6 guns;
+<i>Nereus</i>, 6 guns; <i>Tartar</i>, 20 guns; <i>Termagant</i>, 25
+guns; <i>Topaz</i>, 51 guns; <i>Tribune</i>, 23 guns; <i>Sutlej</i>,
+51 guns.</p>
+
+<p>Note.&mdash;One-third of these were on southern station. &mdash;Ex.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.49</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Consuls at Victoria.</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>France, P. Mene, Esq.</li>
+
+<li>United States, Allen Frances, Esq.</li>
+
+<li>Sandwich Islands, Henry Rhodes, Esq. (father of Chas. Rhodes).</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Municipal.</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Thomas Harris, first mayor of Victoria.</li>
+
+<li>John Copeland, James M. Reid, Richard Lewis, William M. Searby,
+Michael Stronach and Nathaniel M. Hicks, first councillors of
+Victoria.</li>
+
+<li>Algernon Austen, Town Clerk. J. C. Colquhoun, City Inspector.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Educational.</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Henry Claypole, Master at Craigflower.</li>
+
+<li>William H. Burr (my old master), Master at Victoria.</li>
+
+<li>Cornelius Bryant, Master at Nanaimo. Salary &pound;150 and fees.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Police Department.</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>A. F. Pemberton, Commissioner.</li>
+
+<li>Horace Smith, Superintendent.</li>
+
+<li>Preston Bennett, Storekeeper and Clerk.</li>
+
+<li>George Blake, Sergeant Police, with eleven constables, including
+Francis Page.</li>
+
+<li>Steph. Redgrave, Cook and Steward.</li>
+
+<li>George Newcombe, Jailer.</li>
+
+<li>D. B. Reid, Assistant Jailer.</li>
+
+<li>Edward Truran, Superintendent of Convicts.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img09">
+<img width="525" height="417" src="images/vi09.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Group of early legislators.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.50</p>
+
+<p>It was customary for the "chain gang" to emerge every morning from a
+side gate of the jail yard on Bastion Street and march to Government
+Street to the music of their chains, with two guards in the rear with
+loaded shotguns. The gang often contained seamen from the ships at
+Esquimalt who were serving sentences, usually for desertion. This in
+course of time caused such indignation that the practice of putting
+men-of-warsmen in the chain gang was discontinued. The gang worked on
+the streets, on the Government ground and at other Government work.
+The uniform consisted of moleskin trousers with V.P., a checked
+cotton shirt and a blue cloth cap. It was thought a wrong to put a
+Jack Tar with malefactors of all grades, such as Indian murderers,
+thieves and whiskey sellers to Indians. It was the custom when a fire
+of any dimensions took place to telephone or send word to Esquimalt,
+and squads of Jacks were soon on the way to town, running all the
+way. After working maybe all night in saving property they would walk
+back to their ship, tired out and wet through, and all for nothing in
+the way of recompense. All the time they were at work they sang and
+joked as they do now. Is it any wonder that we have a soft place in
+our hearts for Jack? I know I shall not forget them and the days that
+have gone by, and I think we all shall regret the late change that
+takes him away, and his merry laugh and joke are things of the past.</p>
+
+<p>To return to the directory. Of those remaining whose names are
+recorded, there are, alas! only sixty-two to-day with us. I have been
+carefully over the list from A to Z and sixty-two is the number. Of
+course there may be others that I did not know, and doubtless there
+are some; there are omissions also, I am sure, and <span class="pagenum">p.51</span> several I have
+added to make up the sixty-two. There is one thing sure, that as a
+rule only the head of a family was recorded, male or female, as there
+are many residents to-day who were young men or youths, or young
+women or girls, when this directory was compiled. I shall give here
+the names of these sixty-two who are still privileged to be residents
+of this beautiful city that we old residents are so proud of, as well
+as those of two living abroad and one in Kamloops.</p>
+
+<p>The list alphabetically is:</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>Adams, Daniel F., contractor.</li>
+  <li>Anderson, E. H., variety store.</li>
+  <li>Alport, Charles (in South Africa).</li>
+  <li>Anderson, J. R., agricultural department.</li>
+  <li>Barnett, Josiah, in United States.</li>
+  <li>Barnswell, James, carpenter.</li>
+  <li>Bauman, Frederick, confectioner.</li>
+  <li>Beaven, Hon. Robert.</li>
+  <li>Botterell, Mat., butcher.</li>
+  <li>Blaguiere, Edward.</li>
+  <li>Bullen, Jonathan, bricklayer.</li>
+  <li>Boscowitz, Joseph, fur dealer.</li>
+  <li>Borde, August, Chatham Street.</li>
+  <li>Burnes, Thomas, saloonkeeper.</li>
+  <li>Carey, Joseph W.</li>
+  <li>Cridge, Edward, rector Christ Church.</li>
+  <li>Crowther, John C., painter.</li>
+  <li>Davie, Doctor John C.</li>
+  <li>Dougall, John, iron moulder.</li>
+  <li>Drake, M. W. T., solicitor.</li>
+  <li>Elliott, W. A., engineer <i>Labouchere</i>.</li>
+  <li>Fawcett, R. W., house decorator.</li>
+  <li>Gerow, G. C., carriagemaker.</li>
+  <li>Helmcken, Honorable John S., M.P.P. <span class="pagenum">p.52</span></li>
+  <li>Geiger, Thomali, barber.</li>
+  <li>Gilmore, Alexander, clothier.</li>
+  <li>Glide, Harry, with Plaskett &amp; Co.</li>
+  <li>Harvey, Rout., commission merchant.</li>
+  <li>Higgins, David W., publisher <i>Chronicle</i>.</li>
+  <li>Kelly, Samuel, tinsmith.</li>
+  <li>Kent, Charles, hardware, K. &amp; F.</li>
+  <li>King, J. H., Mousquetaire saloon.</li>
+  <li>Kinsman, John, contractor.</li>
+  <li>Levy, H. E., special officer.</li>
+  <li>Levy, Joseph, fruit store.</li>
+  <li>Lissett, James, painter.</li>
+  <li>Macdonald, W. J., Reid &amp; Macdonald.</li>
+  <li>Maynard, Richard, bootmaker.</li>
+  <li>Marvin, Edward B., sailmaker.</li>
+  <li>McMillan, J. E., publisher <i>Chronicle</i>.</li>
+  <li>Monro, Alexander, accountant Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company.</li>
+  <li>Nuttall, Thomas C., book-keeper.</li>
+  <li>Pearson, Edward, tinsmith.</li>
+  <li>Porter, Arthur, brickmaker.</li>
+  <li>Powell, Doctor I. W.</li>
+  <li>Richardson, George, proprietor of first brick hotel.</li>
+  <li>Roper, S., Kamloops.</li>
+  <li>Styles, S. T., plasterer.</li>
+  <li>Shotbolt, Thomas, druggist.</li>
+  <li>Stockham, F., baker.</li>
+  <li>Sparrow, J. M., post office.</li>
+  <li>Stewart, John, plumber.</li>
+  <li>Sylvester, Frank.</li>
+  <li>Turner, John H. (Todd &amp; Turner), Victoria Produce Market.</li>
+  <li>Vowell, Arthur, Indian superintendent.</li>
+  <li>White, Edward (late Brown &amp; White). <span class="pagenum">p.53</span></li>
+  <li>Wilson, Alexander, messenger, Bank British North America.</li>
+  <li>Wilson, William, draper.</li>
+  <li>Wilson, Thomas Sidney, cabinetmaker.</li>
+  <li>Wriglesworth, Joseph, London Hotel.</li>
+  <li>Wylly, C. G., accountant.</li>
+  <li>Welch, George, Esquimalt Waterworks.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Many of these since died.</p>
+
+<p>List of those deceased, but whose descendants are residents here now,
+or living elsewhere:</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>Barron, David F., cabinetmaker, widow, son and two daughters.</li>
+  <li>Belasco, Abraham, tobacconist, two sons.</li>
+  <li>Broderick, R., coal dealer, widow and two sons.</li>
+  <li>Cameron, Thomas, blacksmith, two daughters and sons.</li>
+  <li>Chadwick, Thomas, hotelkeeper, two sons and daughter.</li>
+  <li>Courtney, H. E., solicitor, sons.</li>
+  <li>Cotsford, Thomas, sons.</li>
+  <li>Davies, J. P., auctioneer, several sons.</li>
+  <li>Doan, J. H., captain, daughter.</li>
+  <li>Duck, Simeon, carriagemaker, sons.</li>
+  <li>Ella, Captain H. B., Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company, all family, two sons and
+  two daughters living in Victoria.</li>
+  <li>Flett, John, Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company, several sons.</li>
+  <li>Gowen, Charles, brewer, widow, several sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Hall, Richard, agent, two sons&mdash;Richard and John.</li>
+  <li>Hall, Philip, several sons.</li>
+  <li>Harris, Thomas, mayor, two daughters.</li>
+  <li>Heal, John, boarding-house, two sons.</li>
+  <li>Heathorn, William, bootmaker, three sons and three daughters. <span class="pagenum">p.54</span></li>
+  <li>Heisterman, H., Exchange reading room, sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Heywood, Joseph, butcher, wife and daughter.</li>
+  <li>Hibben, Thomas Napier, widow, two sons and two daughters.</li>
+  <li>Huston, Guy, gunsmith, two daughters.</li>
+  <li>Irving, William, captain steamer <i>Reliance</i>, son and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Jackson, Doctor William, three sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Jungerman, J. L., watchmaker, daughter (Mrs. Erb).</li>
+  <li>Jewell, Henry, sons.</li>
+  <li>Leigh, William, second Town Clerk of Victoria, who held the position
+  from about 1863, to the time of his death. He was in charge of
+  Uplands Farm (1859) for the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company, and under the
+  supervision of Mr. J. D. Pemberton, built Victoria District Church,
+  and as an amateur musician helped at charitable entertainments. Son
+  in San Francisco, granddaughter in Victoria (Mrs. Simpson).</li>
+  <li>Leneven, David, merchant, son and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Lewis, Lewis, clothier, son and daughter.</li>
+  <li>Lindsay, Daniel, son and daughter.</li>
+  <li>Loat, Christopher, sons and daughter.</li>
+  <li>Lowen, Joseph, brewer, widow, sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Lowenberg, L., estate agent, a nephew.</li>
+  <li>McDonell, R. J., captain, a widow.</li>
+  <li>Mason, George, brickmaker, a widow.</li>
+  <li>McKeon, William, hotel, wife, son and daughter.</li>
+  <li>McLean, Alexander, son.</li>
+  <li>McQuade, Peter, ship chandler, son and two daughters.</li>
+  <li>Meldram, John H., two sons.</li>
+  <li>Moore, M. (Curtis &amp; Moore), widow and two sons. <span class="pagenum">p.55</span></li>
+  <li>Mouat, William, captain <i>Enterprise</i>, sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Nesbitt, Samuel, biscuit-baker, two sons.</li>
+  <li>Nicholles, Doctor John, one son.</li>
+  <li>Pitts, John H., son and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Rhodes, Henry, merchant, sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Sayward, William, sons.</li>
+  <li>Sehl, Jacob, sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Short, Henry, sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Smith, John, carpenter, Mears Street, sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Smith, M. R., baker, sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Stahlschmidt, Thomas L., son.</li>
+  <li>Stemmler, Louis, upholsterer, son (spice mills).</li>
+  <li>Thain, Captain John, son and daughter.</li>
+  <li>Todd, J. H., sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Tolmie, Doctor W. F., sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Waitt, M. W., stationer, widow and two daughters.</li>
+  <li>Williams, John W., livery stable, widow and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Woods, Richard, Government clerk, sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Wootton, Henry, postmaster, sons and daughters.</li>
+  <li>Workman, Aaron, daughters.</li>
+  <li>Yates, James Stewart, two sons.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Many deaths since this list was made.</p>
+
+<p>I must again repeat that this list of sixty-two may be augmented by
+others who were heads of families even at that time. I might take our
+own family for an example, although it does not prove the rule. It
+consisted of my father, mother and three brothers, and is represented
+in the directory by my father, Thomas L. Fawcett, and my eldest
+brother, Rowland W. Then, <span class="pagenum">p.56</span> again, there is the Elford family, of
+father, mother, three sons and two daughters. This family is not
+recorded, and to-day there are two sons, John and Theophilus, and two
+married sisters.</p>
+
+<p>Among the names in the list of those living now, but not recorded, is
+a son of Abraham Belasco, tobacconist of Yates Street in 1862, by
+name David. Those interested in theatricals (and who is not?) will
+recognize the name as the prominent theatrical manager of New York. I
+little thought when going to school with him at the Collegiate
+School, under Rev. C. T. Woods, that he would be so well known a
+character as he is to-day. In closing this reminiscence I would ask
+to be pardoned for any errors or omissions, for my memory will bear
+refreshing. I also must thank my old friend Dick Hall, and others,
+for names of early pioneers who have been left out of the directory.</p>
+
+<p>Before closing this imperfect sketch allow me to offer a suggestion
+to the mayor and aldermen. It is that a portrait of Thomas Harris,
+the first mayor of the city, should be procured and hung in a
+prominent place in the council chamber, and this at the public
+expense. I think this would at least meet with the approval of the
+pioneers of 1862, when Mr. Harris was elected first mayor.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.57</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov05">CHAPTER V.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">SOME RECOLLECTIONS OF VICTORIA BY ONE WHO WAS THERE IN THE SIXTIES.</p>
+
+<p>On Wharf Street, from the corner of Fort, looking north to the corner
+of Yates, the buildings looked pretty much the same as now, being all
+built of brick, with the exception of the wooden one to the south of
+Sutro&rsquo;s wholesale tobacco warehouse on the corner of Yates and Wharf.
+This wooden building was a saloon, kept by one who formerly had been
+a prominent man politically, that is prior to 1859. I think this
+building can be identified with the Ship Inn. The two-story brick
+block to the south, erected and owned by Senator Macdonald, was
+occupied by John Wilkie, one of the earliest of our wholesale
+merchants. The next corner was Edgar Marvin&rsquo;s hardware store. Mr.
+Marvin and his son Eddie, who came from the States in 1864, will be
+well and favorably remembered by old-timers. He resided on Marvin&rsquo;s
+Hill, at the back of St. Ann&rsquo;s Convent. Next comes the building
+occupied by Henry Nathan, who was afterwards one of the early members
+in the Commons to represent Victoria City. He was an English Hebrew,
+and he and his father were prominent men and large property-holders
+in the city, and I have no doubt are so still. He is standing in the
+front of his office in the photo. I can well remember the day that
+Henry Nathan and the balance of the Victoria contingent left for
+Ottawa for the first time. <span class="pagenum">p.58</span> They left on the steamer <i>Prince Alfred</i>
+from Broderick&rsquo;s Wharf, in the inner harbor, and there was hardly a
+square foot of room on the wharf to spare, the crowd was so great. In
+fact, half of the town went to see them off, many locking up their
+business places to do so. In the front of the next store may be seen
+Thomas Lett Stahlschmidt, who represented the English wholesale
+firm of Henderson &amp; Burnaby. Next to Mr. Stahlschmidt is James D.
+Robinson, who was bookkeeper for J. Robertson Stewart &amp; Co., and who
+is a resident of this city to-day, just died. Skipping the next two
+buildings, we come to the auction rooms of a well-remembered business
+man, P. M. Backus, one of the two prominent auctioneers of that time;
+the other being James A. McCrea, spoken of by my friend, Mr. Higgins,
+in one of his intensely interesting stories of early days in
+Victoria. Both he and Mr. Backus were Americans, as were so many of
+our business men of that day. Next Mr. Backus is Mr. J. R. Stewart,
+just mentioned, and on the corner is Mr. Joseph Boscowitz. They
+stand in front of the building occupied by Thomas C. Nuttall &amp; Co.
+Mr. Nuttall I remember as the agent of the Phoenix Fire Insurance
+Company, and he did a large business in the city. Mr. Nuttall is
+still a resident, although confined to the house through illness.
+His was a familiar face on the street in those days, being a very
+energetic business man. (Since died).</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img10">
+<img width="625" height="329" src="images/vi10.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Wharf St., Northward.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Upstairs in the building was the Oddfellows&rsquo; Hall, where I was
+initiated into the mysteries of Oddfellow-ship in 1868. Among the
+prominent brothers present that evening were John Weiler, James S.
+Drummond, James D. Robinson, Hinton Guild, James Gillon (manager Bank
+of British North America), Joshua Davies, Judah P. Davies, Richard
+Roberts, Joseph York, and <span class="pagenum">p.59</span> Thomas Golden. All these prominent
+Oddfellows, with the exception of James D. Robinson and Joseph York,
+have gone to their rest. The waterfront side of Wharf Street, from
+the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s store south, is a blank until you reach
+the old cooperage, next to the late custom house. There is an
+historic oak tree alongside the cooperage, which is said to have been
+used to tie up the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s vessels in the earliest
+times when wharves were few and far between. Beyond the old customs
+house was Sayward&rsquo;s wharf and lumber yard, the lumber being brought
+by schooner and scow from the mill to Victoria. The business had not
+then attained the proportions that it has to-day under Joseph
+Sayward, son of the founder of the business, who now lives in San
+Francisco.</p>
+
+<p>The next view represents Government Street, east side, from the Brown
+Jug north to the St. Nicholas Building. The first building south from
+there of any prominence was that now occupied by the British Columbia
+Market, and then known as the Alhambra Building. The upper floor was
+used as a public hall, and many grand balls were given here, as well
+as other social events. The lower floor was used as Zelner&rsquo;s
+pharmacy, and next door by Gilmore, the clothier. Alongside and using
+the upper portion of Gilmore&rsquo;s Building also, is the Colonial Hotel,
+one of the swell places of that day. I next recognize the store of
+the well-known firm of W. &amp; J. Wilson, clothiers and outfitters,
+which was then conducted by the father and uncle of the present
+proprietor, Mr. Joseph Wilson. With the exception of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay
+Company, Hibben &amp; Co. (then Hibben &amp; Carswell) and Thomas Wilson, the
+draper, the firm of W. &amp; J. Wilson is, so far as I can remember, the
+longest established in Victoria. <span class="pagenum">p.60</span> I can remember being fitted
+out there on occasions as a school-boy. Their advertisement in the
+<i>Colonist</i>, with their autograph underneath, occupied part of the
+front page of the paper continuously for years.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img11">
+<img width="530" height="280" src="images/vi11.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Government St., Northward.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The two-story wooden building in the middle of the block, between
+Trounce Alley and Fort Street, is the Hotel de France, kept by P.
+Manciet, and one of the two principal hotels of that day. Next was
+McNiff&rsquo;s grotto, Mon&rsquo;s Laundry, The Star and Garter, Thomas Wilson &amp;
+Co., drapers, and farther on the two-story brick building, now Hibben
+&amp; Co., and farther on south J. H. Turner &amp; Co. Of course all will
+recognize the name as that of the Hon. J. H. Turner. The firm
+occupied the whole of the building up and downstairs, as drapers and
+carpet warehousemen, and I might state that the late Henry Brown,
+Walter Shears, late custom appraiser, and Edward White were on the
+staff. Next is one of the two meat markets, owned by Thomas Harris,
+the first mayor of Victoria. His prominent figure may be seen on the
+sidewalk looking across the street. With my mind&rsquo;s eye I can see him
+at the Queen&rsquo;s Birthday celebration on Beacon Hill. The chief event
+of the year was the racing on that day, and the mayor was an
+enthusiastic horse fancier, and a steward of the Jockey Club. These
+celebrations were nothing without Mr. Harris. The bell rings (John
+Butts was bellman) and the portly figure of Mr. Harris on horseback
+appears. "Now, gentlemen, clear the course," and then there is a
+general scattering of people outside the rails; the horses with their
+gaily dressed jockeys canter past the grandstand, make several false
+starts, and off they go for the mile heat around the hill and back to
+the grandstand. Oh, what exciting things those races <span class="pagenum">p.61</span> were! Another
+prominent figure at these race meetings was John Howard, of
+Esquimalt. The race meetings without Messrs. Harris and Howard would
+not have been the genuine thing, and, I must not forget to mention
+Millington, who always rode Mr. Harris&rsquo; horses at these meetings. I
+believe he is still in the land of the living. I would we had such
+Queen&rsquo;s weather as we had then. May was equal to July now for warmth,
+and with beautiful clear skies, they were days worth remembering.
+Everyone went out for the day and the hill was covered with
+picnickers. The navy was represented by bluejackets and marines by
+the hundreds, bands of music, Aunt Sally and the usual other side
+shows. And lastly, I must not forget the music. The flagships of
+those days were large three-deckers, line-of-battleships, such as the
+<i>Ganges</i> or <i>Sutlej</i>, which would make an ordinary flagship
+look small. It was understood that the officers, being wealthy men,
+subscribed liberally towards a fine band. It was a great treat to
+hear the <i>Ganges&rsquo;</i> full band, as I have heard it in the streets
+of Victoria preceding a naval funeral to Quadra Street Cemetery, and
+very few I missed. But I have digressed and will proceed to finish
+Government Street. The corner building, now torn down to make way for
+the Five Sisters&rsquo; Block, was occupied by William Searby, chemist, who
+was my Sunday School teacher. He left Victoria for San Francisco,
+and I had the pleasure of renewing his acquaintance years later,
+and, I think, he is still in business in Market Street. In the
+front of Searby&rsquo;s stands John Weiler, father of the Weiler brothers
+of our day. The upper portion of this building was called the
+Literary Institute, and the first I remember of Mr. Redfern was
+at an entertainment given here for some charity, when he sang that
+beautiful <span class="pagenum">p.62</span> tenor song from "The Bohemian Girl," "Then You&rsquo;ll
+Remember Me," and it has been a favorite with me ever since. W. K.
+Bull, who presided over so many municipal elections, and was a very
+well-read man, also took part, giving a reading on Australia, and
+ending up with a recitation.</p>
+
+<p>Crossing the street, we come to the Brown Jug, the same to-day as
+then, but kept by Tommy Golden, a well-known character then. In the
+front is a hydrant with a water-cart getting its load for
+distribution through the city. The water was conveyed in wooden pipes
+from Spring Ridge and sold by the bucket, which may be seen on the
+shafts of the cart. Forty of these buckets represented one dollar.
+Opposite the Brown Jug and across the street is a vacant lot, now
+occupied by the Bank of Commerce. The opposite corner to this is also
+vacant, but soon after was built the present brick building by J. J.
+Southgate and Captain Lascelles, R.N., of the gunboat <i>Boxer</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img12">
+<img width="517" height="268" src="images/vi12.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Fort St., Eastward.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>This view represents the south side of Fort Street, from the Brown
+Jug corner east. The wooden building next is a photograph gallery
+owned by Fred. Dally. He with R. Maynard were the only ones in the
+business at that time, I think. Next is Dr. Powell&rsquo;s residence and
+surgery; the house is not visible, being set back from the street.
+Alexander McLean&rsquo;s "Scotch House" clothing store is plainly seen.
+Amongst those standing in front are Mr. McLean, the proprietor; James
+Fell, who later on was mayor; William McNiffe, of the "Grotto," and
+Thomas Harris, already mentioned, who is on horseback. Above McLean&rsquo;s
+is Murray&rsquo;s Scotch bakery, where I have gone often for bread and
+shortcake. Four doors above is A. &amp; W. Wilson&rsquo;s, plumbers and gas
+fitters, and Tom Wilson may be seen standing on the <span class="pagenum">p.63</span> sidewalk&mdash;he
+is the only one of the brothers not here to-day. Next is Birmingham
+House, Kent &amp; Evans, Charles Kent, the city treasurer, being senior
+partner. Across Broad Street is John Weiler&rsquo;s upholstery store. Then
+comes James Fell &amp; Co., grocers; then M. R. Smith &amp; Co., bakers.
+Above Douglas Street there were few or no stores. On the upper corner
+was D. Babbington Ring, an English barrister, who always walked about
+with a dog-whip in hand and several dogs after him.</p>
+
+<p>Above the corner lived Dr. Baillie, a cousin of Sir M. B. Begbie, who
+was afterwards drowned in South America. We come next to the
+Congregational Church, which lived a short life as a church, for Dr.
+Ash bought it and turned it into a residence, taking down the
+steeple, which may now be seen in the photo. It passed into the hands
+of Dr. Meredith Jones after Dr. Ash&rsquo;s death. Above this I remember
+little as to individual houses, but know that they were very
+scattered.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img13">
+<img width="540" height="280" src="images/vi13.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Yates St., Eastward.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>This view represents Yates Street, from the corner of Wharf, south
+side. I have briefly mentioned Sutro&rsquo;s tobacco warehouse, and this is
+the Yates Street side of it. There was a large figure of a Turk with
+a turban and large pipe as a business sign on the corner of the
+street. Next to Sutro&rsquo;s is Joseph Boscowitz&rsquo;s, the pioneer dealer in
+furs, and as may be seen he is not now far from his former place of
+business. Next door is the firm of Wolf &amp; Morris, that I cannot now
+remember. The saloon next door was kept by Burns &amp; Dwyer&mdash;the latter,
+I think, still lives on Pandora Street. Next door but one is William
+Dalby&rsquo;s saddlery shop, and he is with us to-day. Guy Huston, the
+gunsmith, occupied the next store. He was the principal gunsmith in
+the city, and his two daughters, both married <span class="pagenum">p.64</span> to prominent men
+of business, are still residents of the city. Alfred Fellows, iron
+and hardware merchant, who comes next, was the founder of the
+business of E. G. Prior &amp; Company. The Fashion Hotel was kept by John
+C. Keenan, an American, and was a first-class gambling house and
+dancing hall. High play was the order, and many a Cariboo miner in
+the winter months threw away his easily-got gold by the hundreds
+here. Keenan was a prominent fire chief in those days of volunteer
+firemen. Wells Fargo&rsquo;s Express comes next, presided over by Colonel
+Pendergast and Major Gillingham. On the arrival of a San Francisco
+steamer there was a rush to Wells Fargo&rsquo;s for letters, and soon after
+the receipt of the express bags at the office the place would be full
+to the doors. I might state that it was the custom then for all mail
+steamers to fire a gun on arrival, either at the mouth of the harbor
+or inside the harbor itself, so that we gathered at the post-office
+and express office soon after. Either Colonel Pendergast or Major
+Gillingham then mounted a chair and called off the addresses, and the
+letters were either flipped or passed on to their owners by those
+nearest the caller, for it seemed as if everybody knew each other.
+Twenty-five cents was the postage paid in advance. Next door is
+the telegraph office and Barnard&rsquo;s express. Our old friend, Robert
+McMicking, had charge of the telegraph, and maybe the express also,
+but I have forgotten. Langley &amp; Co., the well-known druggists, I can
+remember ever since I can remember Victoria. The building is pretty
+much now as it was then, only larger. Those connected with its early
+history have passed away, excepting it may be Mr. Pimbury; Mr. A. J.
+Langley, who died in late years; Mr. Jones, who went into business in
+Cariboo and died there, and <span class="pagenum">p.65</span> Mr. Pimbury, who went to Nanaimo
+and into business for himself. Between Langley&rsquo;s and the corner
+of Langley Street, was Jay &amp; Bales&rsquo; seed store. Both these early
+pioneers have gone to their rest, although the business is still
+carried on on Broad Street by Mr. Savory.</p>
+
+<p>On the corner is the Fardon building, which in 1859 was occupied by
+Hibben &amp; Carswell, the beginning of the firm of T. N. Hibben &amp; Co.
+Mr. Hibben, Mr. Carswell and Mr. Kammerer, the principals, have all
+gone to their rest, but the firm still lives and nourishes. An
+incident connected with the junior partner might here be recalled.
+One summer day Mr. Carswell, if I remember right, was one of a picnic
+party, who got lost in the woods near Muir&rsquo;s farm 30 miles from town,
+and the balance of the party returning to town without him, a search
+party was organized and a reward offered by Mr. Hibben for his
+partner&rsquo;s return. They left next morning, and after a long and strict
+search, as the party was returning to town to report their want of
+success, whom should they see ahead of them but the lost James
+Carswell, trudging along on the highroad to town. He was told that
+they were a search party sent out to look for him, and that they were
+glad they found him. "Found me!" said Mr. Carswell; "why, I am on my
+way home!" and they then proceeded to town together. When the party
+reached home Mr. Carswell was told that Mr. Hibben had sent the
+searchers, and had offered a reward for his finding. This Mr.
+Carswell objected to pay, protesting that they had not found him, but
+that he had found himself, and was on his way home when they met him.
+It caused a great deal of merriment, and was a standing joke for some
+time. An incident like this would be the talk of <span class="pagenum">p.66</span> the town in
+those good old days, and many visits would be paid to Campbell&rsquo;s
+corner, kept by John Molowanski, a Russian, to hear if any news had
+been received of the lost Mr. Carswell.</p>
+
+<p>The first time I remember going to Hibben &amp; Carswell&rsquo;s was in 1860,
+when I went to exchange a prize book I had won at school, and which
+was imperfectly bound, having several pages out of place. It was then
+I first saw Mr. Kammerer, and he informed me afterwards that he had
+just then been promoted from porter to assist in the office, and from
+this dated his rise in the firm to a partnership. Upstairs in this
+building was the Masonic hall and Fardon&rsquo;s photographic studio.
+Across the street are Moore &amp; Co., druggists, an old established
+business of 1859 or &rsquo;60, the present proprietor&rsquo;s father being the
+founder of the business. The Bank of British North America next door
+is, so far as I can remember, the pioneer bank in Victoria. I
+assisted in the assaying department for a short time in 1867. The
+next building is the famed Campbell&rsquo;s corner (the Adelphi). Who among
+our pioneers does not remember the genial face of Frank Campbell, his
+corner and all the associations connected with it? When was Frank not
+at the corner? I should say only when he was eating and sleeping.
+Morning, noon and until 11 o&rsquo;clock at night he was on duty. All the
+births, deaths and marriages were recorded on his intelligence
+board. All the news of the day, events from abroad and at home&mdash;all
+were recorded by Frank. There never lived a better-tempered or
+so good-hearted a fellow. Before going home after a lodge or a
+political meeting the last thing was to call at the "corner" for
+the latest bit of news. It was the meeting-place of many who made
+it their headquarters. Evening after <span class="pagenum">p.67</span> evening for years Frank
+had his audience. Everyone knew him and to know him was to like
+him&mdash;"<i>requiescat in pace</i>." Across Government Street and next to
+Zelner&rsquo;s drug store I see the sign of J. S. Drummond, stoves and
+tinware. He was a grand master of Oddfellows, a prominent Mason, a
+fire chief, an officer of militia, and served a term in the city
+council. Beyond Drummond&rsquo;s I cannot make out any more signs or
+buildings, even with the magnifying glass, and I have looked long
+and hard until my eyes ache. A deal might be written of many more
+of the old streets and their inhabitants, but it might be undertaken
+by someone else with a better memory, and who was older and took a
+prominent part in affairs of that day.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.68</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov06">CHAPTER VI.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">A LITTLE MORE STREET HISTORY.</p>
+
+<p>I have before me an old photo, showing the corner of Government and
+Yates Streets, as also Yates Street to Wharf Street. It is so faded
+it is difficult to make out anything very distinctly. All the
+buildings look as if built of wood. We know there were three brick
+buildings then, which have been written of in my last article on "The
+First Victoria Directory." So I will here only mention the corner
+building, afterwards known as the Adelphi. Up to 1860 the treasury
+and other public offices did business in and about this corner; the
+whole block, Mr. Higgins states, was government buildings to the
+corner on which stands Moore &amp; Co.&rsquo;s drug store. It is of the
+treasury in 1859 I am going to speak now. The official staff at that
+time consisted of Captain Gossett, treasurer; John Cooper, chief
+clerk; John Graham, bookkeeper, and E. Evans, clerk. John Graham, of
+Simcoe Street, after many years&rsquo; good work for the government and
+people, has retired. Young Evans, who was the only son of Rev. Doctor
+Evans, one of the two pioneer clergymen of the Methodist Church at
+that time, came to a tragic end while a young man. One day in the
+depth of winter, the ground covered with snow, young Evans went out
+shooting, and while walking along the beach near Clover Point, shot
+at a drove of ducks. Finding that he had shot one, and not being able
+to get it any other <span class="pagenum">p.69</span> way, he stripped off his clothes and swam off
+for it. This in the month of December was a hazardous undertaking,
+and so it proved, for the young fellow took the cramp and was
+drowned. It was a very sad sight, so I am told by those who saw it,
+the old father walking up and down the beach all night calling for
+his son by name. In the morning the son was seen through the clear
+cold water lying on the bottom, and the body recovered. I remember
+his funeral, and to-day may be seen the granite shaft that marks his
+resting-place in the south-west corner of the Quadra Street Cemetery.
+In 1860 the staff of the treasury was sent to New Westminster, where
+they remained until 1868, when the union of the island and mainland
+took place. Some time subsequent to this removal a lot of vouchers
+and valuable papers disappeared from the treasury, having been put
+temporarily on top of the big safe. Search was made all over the
+premises, and the loss caused Captain Gossett much anxiety up to the
+time of their departure. Mr. Graham stayed behind to finish up some
+business and see to the removal of the big safe, and during the
+removal the mystery of the lost documents was solved by their
+being found behind the safe. Some time after removing to New
+Westminster, a Mr. Franks, who may be remembered by some as a very
+insignificant-looking little man, succeeded Captain Gossett as
+treasurer, and through his unpopularity with the staff, John Cooper,
+the chief clerk, resigned and went to Australia. Mr. Graham became
+chief clerk, and subsequently was appointed "officer in charge of
+the treasury." After Confederation he was appointed by the Dominion
+Government Assistant Receiver-General. I cannot do better here than
+give verbatim Mr. Graham&rsquo;s remarks on the subject:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="pagenum">p.70</p>
+
+<p class="dateline">"88 Simcoe St., April 20, 1904.</p>
+
+<p>"Dear Mr. Fawcett:&mdash;I send you these few lines to complete my rather
+disrupted memory <i>re</i> the Victoria Treasury office. Mr.
+Alexander Calder, an ex-R. E. sergeant and a British Government
+pensioner, joined in 1860. Robert Ker was also employed for a certain
+time as clerk, but was removed to the audit office, and afterwards
+became auditor-general. Gordon was appointed treasurer of Vancouver
+Island on the exodus of the B. C. officials going to New Westminster;
+he did not continue long in the office&mdash;the truth is, there was
+something the matter with the &lsquo;chest,&rsquo; and he took French leave. Mr.
+Watson succeeded him; he was clever but not very popular. In 1867 the
+island and mainland were united in one province; the officials at New
+Westminster were all sent down to Victoria. At that time I was
+&lsquo;officer in charge of the treasury.&rsquo; A Savings Bank Act was passed by
+the Legislature. I received from the executive council a mandate to
+establish the bank, with the head office in Victoria, and four
+branches, one each at Nanaimo, New Westminster, Yale and Cariboo. The
+bank was under commissioners, Mr. Roscoe and Mr. Langley being
+nominated to that office; their services were purely gratuitous. The
+head office of the bank was in the Treasury, but to accommodate
+working men, an office was opened at Government Street, not very far
+from Sehl&rsquo;s furniture store, for, I think, two hours two days in the
+week.</p>
+
+<p>"I do not know if I mentioned the fact that the Dominion virtually
+bought out all the depositors in the British Columbia bank. A small
+temporary office was opened at the foot of Fort Street, next to what
+was Mitchell &amp; Johnston&rsquo;s feed store, which was in use until the new
+Post Office building was built; the savings bank, as you are aware,
+is now located in the grand new building at the foot of Government
+Street. If it would not be considered far-fetched I would like to
+send you a word or two on the <span class="pagenum">p.71</span> origin of savings banks. The first
+ideas of thrift were promulgated by Daniel Defoe in 1697; it was a
+happy Socialistic discovery. In 1797 Jeremy Bentham taught the
+principles of thrift. In 1799 the first savings bank was started at
+Windover in Buckinghamshire, by the Rev. Joseph Smith. The Rev. Dr.
+Henry Duncan opened in Ruthwell, Dumfrieshire, the first savings bank
+in Scotland in 1810. Thrift is the keystone that supports the arch
+of the savings bank. The stormy petrel riding in safety on the crest
+of the wave in instinctive security, symbolizes the security of a
+depositor in a government savings bank. I do not know that I can say
+any more at present.</p>
+
+<p class="sig sc">"John Graham."</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img14">
+<img width="540" height="294" src="images/vi14.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Theatre Royal on Government St.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>This little photo shows the west side of Government Street, from Fort
+to Yates Street, as it appeared in 1863. The corner store was A.
+Rickman&rsquo;s grocery, then Jones&rsquo; Bazaar (toys and fancy goods), then
+McNiff&rsquo;s saloon, next Payne&rsquo;s barber shop. Before going on I might,
+with Mr. Payne&rsquo;s permission, give a little joke on that gentleman at
+the time. The Mechanics&rsquo; Institute gave an entertainment for, I
+think, the benefit of the library, and prizes were offered for the
+two best conundrums. The best was at the expense of Mr. Payne&rsquo;s name,
+and was "Easy Shaving by Pain" (Payne). I don&rsquo;t think Mr. Payne took
+the money. Then Norris &amp; Wylly, notaries public and estate
+agents,&mdash;Mr. Wylly is still a resident of the city; Messrs. Lush and
+Zinkie, milliners; Shakespeare, photographer; Gentile, photographer
+(over the theatre), then Theatre Royal.</p>
+
+<p>The north-west corner of Government and Bastion Streets was the brick
+building built by Mayor Harris as a residence, and afterwards turned
+into the Bank of <span class="pagenum">p.72</span> British Columbia. Next the bank was the <i>Daily
+Standard</i> building, built and owned by Mr. De Cosmos; then T. L.
+Fawcett &amp; Co., upholsterers; then T. C. Nuttall, Ph&oelig;nix insurance;
+William Heathorn, bootmaker; next comes the post-office, a single
+story frame structure with a wooden awning in front, as were all
+stores in those times. Mr. Wootton was postmaster. One of the few
+brick buildings on Government Street comes next, built for and
+occupied by William Burlington Smith, and containing a public hall
+upstairs. It was in this hall that the British Columbia Pioneer
+Society was organized on the evening of April 28th, 1871, the writer
+being secretary of the meeting. Since died. William P. Sayward, who
+resides in San Francisco, and myself are the only two remaining of
+those pioneers who met in Smith&rsquo;s Hall that night and formed the
+first society of British Columbia Pioneers. Next we have the Adelphi
+saloon, on the site of the Government offices of 1860. This is as far
+as the photo shows, and so I must close.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.73</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov07">CHAPTER VII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">THE VICTORIA GAZETTE, 1858.</p>
+
+<p>Through the kindness of a "fifty-eighter" I am enabled to give my
+readers, especially the old-timers, some extracts from this, the
+pioneer newspaper of Victoria, if not of British Columbia. To me,
+although only a "fifty-niner," and at the time a juvenile, these
+extracts are very interesting, for I remember nearly all the
+personages mentioned, and it is the incidents that these names are
+connected with that I mention. The editors announce in this, the
+first number, that they at first intended to name their paper The
+<i>Anglo-American</i>, but on second thought changed it to the
+<i>Victoria Gazette</i>, as more appropriate. The editors and
+proprietors were Williston &amp; Bartlett, and the paper was a
+semi-weekly. To show the primitive and makeshift nature of things in
+early Victoria I will quote the first local item: "It is cheering to
+note the increase in frame and canvas buildings that are springing
+up."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Thomas Harris, of the Queen&rsquo;s market, is the first to open a
+butcher shop in the Island.</p>
+
+<p>The arrival of the first batch of Chinese by the steamer
+<i>Oregon</i>. The sign of the first to go into business appears as
+"Chang Tsoo," washing and ironing.</p>
+
+<p>The beautiful view of the Olympic range covered with snow, as seen
+from Government Street, is commented on as a sight worth seeing.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.74</p>
+
+<p>Another item informs its readers that twenty vessels were advertised
+in San Francisco as on the berth for Victoria.</p>
+
+<p>A most important announcement is that up to the present time there
+were no taxes levied in Victoria, except as liquor licenses. To sell
+retail the privilege cost $600 per annum, and for a wholesale license
+&pound;100 or $485.</p>
+
+<p>In nearly every number there is a cry of "No water; who will dig the
+first artesian well? In case there should be a fire how was it to be
+put out?" Then a suggestion of a public meeting to consider the
+important question, and a petition to Governor Douglas to have large
+tanks erected at the foot of Johnson Street, near the bridge, and to
+have salt water pumped up. Then a fire engine is asked for. In fact
+Governor Douglas seems to have been appealed to for everything they
+wanted, and in this instance he seems to have been the right man to
+appeal to, as will be seen later.</p>
+
+<p>In a later edition is the announcement of the arrival of the steamer
+<i>Oregon</i> from San Francisco with mail, express and 1,900
+passengers.</p>
+
+<p>Alex. C. Anderson is appointed collector of customs by Governor
+Douglas.</p>
+
+<p>The Governor has ordered two fire engines from San Francisco, and
+still the cry is "Water! water!" "Dig wells, citizens, we must have a
+supply." The editor seems to have water on the brain. It is suggested
+that there be an ordinance compelling people to have so many buckets
+of water alongside each tent.</p>
+
+<p>The council have ordered the removal of all bodies from the cemetery
+on Johnson and Douglas Streets to the new cemetery on Quadra Street.</p>
+
+<p>July 7th.&mdash;Complaints are made that a fence obstructs <span class="pagenum">p.75</span> View
+Street, so that pedestrians have to go along Broad to Yates or Fort,
+and down these streets to reach Government. This obstruction does
+not seem to have been removed permanently, for Hibben &amp; Co.&rsquo;s store
+occupies this lot, and before the brick one was erected there was
+a large wooden building then owned by J. J. Southgate. That it was
+not intended that View Street should end at Broad is evident, as
+Bastion Street was then known as View Street, being so-called in
+Mallandaine&rsquo;s first directory in 1860.</p>
+
+<p>Another petition to Governor Douglas. This one by the local clergy to
+have a branch of the Y. M. C. A. instituted in Victoria.</p>
+
+<p>The steamers <i>Orizaba</i> and <i>Cortez</i> have arrived with the
+large number of 2,800 passengers.</p>
+
+<p>Proceedings of the House of Assembly.&mdash;Present: J. D. Pemberton,
+James Yates, J. Kennedy, J. W. McKay, T. J. Skinner and Speaker
+Helmcken. The latter gentleman asked to be relieved of the
+Speakership for reasons he has already stated. After a discussion on
+the subject it was decided that the Speaker be not allowed to retire,
+and the honorable gentleman continued to act.</p>
+
+<p>The paper complains that the P. M. S. Co.&rsquo;s steamers have lately
+dumped Victoria passengers at Esquimalt and carried the freight to
+Bellingham Bay, and after unloading Bellingham Bay freight have come
+back to Esquimalt with the Victoria freight. In consequence of this
+arrangements were to be made so that the steamers land the Victoria
+freight in our harbor.</p>
+
+<p>The Freemasons are invited to meet at Southgate&rsquo;s new store on Monday
+evening, July 12th, at 7 o&rsquo;clock, to consider important matters
+connected with the organization of the order.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.76</p>
+
+<p>Three thousand five hundred mining licenses have so far been granted.</p>
+
+<p>In a cutting from a European paper there is an item to the effect
+that it was generally understood that the Queen&rsquo;s family name was
+Guelph, but that such was not the case, as that was the name of a
+religious faction of which the Elector of Hanover was the head, but
+that the real name of the family was "D&rsquo;este."</p>
+
+<p>Wells, Fargo &amp; Co. will soon open a bank.</p>
+
+<p>Collector Anderson notifies the public that all necessary provisions
+for miners for personal use may be taken up the Fraser River free.</p>
+
+<p>It is announced that Rev. E. Cridge holds service every Sunday
+afternoon on Wharf Street, opposite the Fort gate.</p>
+
+<p>In consequence of the reduction in the price of lumber to $50 per
+1,000 feet, houses are springing up everywhere.</p>
+
+<p>Governor Douglas has appointed Mr. Augustus Pemberton commissioner of
+police.</p>
+
+<p>Theatricals are held in a mammoth tent, as there is so far no
+theatre.</p>
+
+<p>One of the fire engines, named "Telegraph," bought by the Governor,
+has arrived from San Francisco, the cost of which is $1,600.</p>
+
+<p>There has not been a death from natural causes in the city during the
+last thirty days.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Gazette</i> having received an Adams power press, the paper
+will be issued daily in future, and the proprietors look for a
+recognition of their enterprise. The rates are $20 per annum or
+12&frac12;c. per copy.</p>
+
+<p>The First Brick Building.&mdash;This matter may now be considered settled
+by this item, which reads: "Our <span class="pagenum">p.77</span> first brick building is about
+completed, and is to be opened as a hotel" (referring to the
+Victoria.)</p>
+
+<p>The first steamer to reach Fort Yalo is the <i>Umatilla</i>, 21st
+July, 1858.</p>
+
+<p>The streets of Victoria have not yet been sprinkled, and there are
+many complaints from shopkeepers as to the damage their goods receive
+from dust. Why not use salt water, if fresh cannot be had?</p>
+
+<p>Roussett is building a wharf at the foot of View Street, and Chas. B.
+Young one at the foot of Johnson. The former of these items would be
+hard to understand by people of the present day, "at the foot of View
+Street." This is, I think, the explanation. As originally laid out
+View Street extended from above Cook Street to Wharf Street, and
+would to-day were it not that Hibben &amp; Co.&rsquo;s building or stores stand
+in the way. On July 7th, as already mentioned in this article, the
+<i>Gazette</i> stated that there was great dissatisfaction at the
+fencing of the vacant lot on Broadway (Broad Street), opposite View,
+which they stated was used as a "cabbage patch," and there was talk
+of pulling the fence down. All the agitation seems to have amounted
+to nothing, for not only was the fence not pulled down, but J. J.
+Southgate, one of the earliest merchant emigrants, erected a large
+wooden building on the street. By referring to the engraving this
+building may be seen; later on J. J. Southgate erected the present
+brick building. The paper stated later that the Governor had sold the
+lot to Southgate, and that settled the matter.</p>
+
+<p>Sheriff Muir announces by advertisement that anyone found with
+firearms on their person would be arrested and punished.</p>
+
+<p>A salute was fired from the fort bastions on the arrival <span class="pagenum">p.78</span> of
+Governor F. McMullen, of Washington Territory, accompanied by
+Governor Douglas, who had met the American Governor at Esquimalt,
+this being a friendly visit to our Governor.</p>
+
+<p>In future Sheriff Muir will arrest all gamblers.</p>
+
+<p>An Indian, convicted of stealing, was tied up in the fort grounds and
+received twelve lashes by Sheriff Muir.</p>
+
+<p>Captain William Brotchie has been appointed harbor master for
+Victoria by Governor Douglas.</p>
+
+<p>An exclusive grant was made by the Legislature to a company to supply
+Victoria with water for ten years.</p>
+
+<p>The fare by steamer from San Francisco to Victoria is $30.</p>
+
+<p>A fire occurred in the ravine on Johnson Street, which destroyed a
+canvas house tent and contents.</p>
+
+<p>Two fire engines have arrived, and a petition is being signed to the
+Governor, praying him to organize a volunteer fire department under
+an officer appointed by himself.</p>
+
+<p>A regular stage now plies between Victoria and the naval station,
+leaving Bayley&rsquo;s Hotel, corner Yates and Government Streets
+(Pritchard House corner), hourly, the fare being one dollar each way.</p>
+
+<p>The following gentlemen call a public meeting by advertisement to
+organize a volunteer fire department: M. F. Truett, J. J. Southgate,
+A. Kaindler, A. H. Guild, Charles Potter, Samuel Knight and J. N.
+Thain. This was the initial movement to form the volunteer fire
+department which did such good service for thirty years afterwards.</p>
+
+<p>"July 28th, 1858.&mdash;The steamer <i>Wilson G. Hunt</i> left San
+Francisco to ply in these waters." Where is she now? and how old is
+she?</p>
+
+<p>At the public meeting called to organize a volunteer <span class="pagenum">p.79</span> fire
+department M. F. Truett was called to the chair, E. E. Eyres was
+elected secretary, and the following working committee was appointed:
+Jas. Yates, Chas. A. Bayley, J. H. Doan, Leopold Lowenberg, Rousett,
+Truett and Myers. The Hunneman engine to be known as No. 1 and the
+Telegraph as No. 2. The committee were to select one hundred men to
+each engine to form the companies. The first meeting of No. 2 company
+called, and the notice is signed by H. J. Labatt, W. F. Bartlett, J.
+W. Turnbull and David Green.</p>
+
+<p>Albert H. Guild calls a meeting of all Oddfellows in good standing to
+meet on July 5th, at which it was decided that a register of all
+Oddfellows should be kept; a weekly meeting was to be held each
+Wednesday evening at eight o&rsquo;clock over Guild &amp; Webb&rsquo;s store, corner
+Wharf and Fort Streets; C. Bartlett, secretary. From this meeting of
+a few members of this most beneficent order has sprung into existence
+forty-two lodges scattered all over the province, with a total
+membership of 3,527, and I am afraid that to-day not one of those
+faithful few brothers of the mystic three links survives.</p>
+
+<p>August 4th, <a id="emen3">1858.</a>&mdash;The first arrival of the steamer <i>Pacific</i> in
+Victoria harbor is announced.</p>
+
+<p>The Public Examination of Craigflower Colonial School
+(Midsummer).&mdash;In the absence of the Governor, Rev. Edward Cridge
+examined the pupils, and prizes were presented to Jessie McKenzie,
+Wm. Lidgate, Christine Veitch and Dorothea McKenzie. The prizes were
+donated by the Governor. Old-timers will remember these names well.</p>
+
+<p>Married by Rev. E. Cridge, Wm. Reid to Margaret Work.</p>
+
+<p>First trip of the steamer <i>Leviathan</i> to Puget Sound, <span class="pagenum">p.80</span> Captain
+Titcombe. This leviathan of the deep was so small that she was
+hoisted on the deck of a steamer from San Francisco, and so arrived
+from that place.</p>
+
+<p>The paper announces that over one hundred vessels from all parts were
+then on the berth for Victoria, and what was to be done to find
+wharfage room for so many in Victoria harbor?</p>
+
+<p>Fire Engine Company No. 1 held its first meeting at the American
+Saloon, August 6th, 1858. J. H. Kent was elected president and
+Charles R. Nichols secretary. The American Saloon was on Yates
+Street, and I think was kept by Thos. Burnes, who for years was a
+most enthusiastic fireman.</p>
+
+<p>An editorial calls for the establishment of a public hospital, a jail
+and a deadhouse (the latter seems a strange want, at least an urgent
+one). The present jail is too small, and coroner&rsquo;s inquests have to
+be held in the open air in front of the jail; the jury stand around
+the corpse, some leaning against it, spread on some boards, and the
+coroner sits on the top of an empty barrel (very primitive).</p>
+
+<p>The public examination of Victoria Colonial school (on the site of
+Central School). Rev. E. Cridge and the master, Jno. Kennedy,
+examined the pupils. Prizes were given to David Work, Wm. Leigh and
+James Pottinger. Six months later the writer was a pupil of this
+school.</p>
+
+<p>Birth.&mdash;August 12th, 1858, the wife of Wm. A. Mouatt, of a daughter.</p>
+
+<p>Married.&mdash;Same date, Edward Parsons, H. M. S. <i>Satellite</i>, to
+Emma, eldest daughter of James Thorn.</p>
+
+<p>Improvements.&mdash;Since 12th June there have been two hundred and fifty
+brick and wooden houses erected in the city.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.81</p>
+
+<p>A writer thinks it time that Victoria&rsquo;s streets were named and an
+official map made.</p>
+
+<p>A. Pemberton, commissioner of police, notifies the public that no
+more canvas or wood and canvas houses will be allowed, as they are a
+public nuisance.</p>
+
+<p>August 24th, 1858.&mdash;The stern wheeler <i>Enterprise</i> has arrived
+from Astoria, Capt. Thomas Wright, master. She is to run on the
+Fraser River to Langley.</p>
+
+<p>An open letter to Rev. E. Cridge appears in the <i>Gazette</i> from
+an indignant American, who, with his family, had attended Rev. Mr.
+Cridge&rsquo;s preachings, and who now feels insulted at the treatment he
+received lately by the sexton showing a negro into the same pew
+occupied by himself and family, also treating other respectable
+Americans in the same way. He further stated that, the day being
+warm, the peculiar odor was very objectionable, so that several
+Americans left before the service was over.</p>
+
+<p>A day or two later this is answered by a letter signed M. G. W., who
+was a colored grocer of Yates Street (Lester &amp; Gibbs). He was a
+clever writer, and handled the gentleman, Mr. Sharpstone, without
+gloves, saying some very pertinent as well as impertinent things,
+taking especial exception to the reference of Mr. Sharpstone to the
+peculiar odor and perspiration.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Cridge appears with a letter, throwing oil on the troubled
+waters, and the editor thinks enough has been said.</p>
+
+<p>The arrival of the steamer <i>Otter</i> with news of a massacre of
+forty-five miners at Fort Hope by Indians; the news is considered of
+doubtful truth.</p>
+
+<p>There is a project to build a bridge across French Ravine, where
+Store Street passes over it. Was this ever done, or was it filled in
+instead? Who can answer?</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.82</p>
+
+<p>House of Assembly, Aug. 26th, 1858.&mdash;Petition from Nelson &amp; Sons for
+exclusive privilege to supply city with water from a spring two miles
+to northeast of city, at the rate of 1&frac12; cents per gallon, and a
+free supply to the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company; also a petition from Hy.
+Toomy &amp; Co., to light the town with gas. Mr. Pemberton gave notice of
+a resolution to provide for the erection of a bridge at Point Ellice;
+also a petition from Edward Stamp to grant him the privilege of
+bringing water into Victoria by means of pipes along the streets.</p>
+
+<p>A Chinaman (one of the first batch to arrive) was found shot dead
+with five bullets in his body. He was on his way to a spring to fetch
+a bucket of water, and had to pass a camp of miners. Further comment
+unnecessary.</p>
+
+<p>A change of ownership of the <i>Gazette</i> is announced, and Abel
+Whitton becomes proprietor.</p>
+
+<p>A notice appears that all persons requiring seats in Victoria
+District Church should apply to J. Farquhar, in the Fort.</p>
+
+<p>Bayley&rsquo;s Hotel, corner Yates and Government Streets, J. C. Keenan,
+proprietor. Board $15 a week.</p>
+
+<p>A cricket match between H. M. S. <i>Satellite&rsquo;s</i> and Victoria
+elevens at Beacon Hill.</p>
+
+<p>"Tipperary Bill" shoots a man at this cricket match and kills him. He
+is still at large.</p>
+
+<p>September 14th, 1858.&mdash;News just arrived of the laying of the
+Atlantic cable, and a salute of twenty-one guns to be fired from the
+Fort.</p>
+
+<p>There have been 344 houses erected in Victoria in three months.</p>
+
+<p>New Map of City Issued.&mdash;The first three streets named after the
+three Governors&mdash;Quadra, Blanchard <span class="pagenum">p.83</span> and Douglas. Secondly, after
+distinguished navigators on the coast&mdash;Vancouver and Cook. Thirdly,
+after the first ships to visit these waters&mdash;Discovery, Herald and
+Cormorant. Fourthly, after Arctic adventurers&mdash;Franklin, Kane,
+Bellot and Rae; and fifthly, after Canadian cities, lakes and
+rivers&mdash;Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, St. Lawrence, Ottawa, Superior
+and Ontario.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img15">
+<img width="528" height="278" src="images/vi15.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Inside Fort from Wharf St.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.84</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov08">CHAPTER VIII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">VICTORIA IN 1859&ndash;1860.</p>
+
+<p>I have before me an old picture of Victoria as it appeared in 1860.
+It is a watercolor sketch, drawn and colored by H. O. Tedieman, C.E.,
+and artist. For me this picture has a great fascination, because it
+reminds me of those days gone by&mdash;"those good old days," as an old
+friend of those pioneer days remarked to me recently. A prettier
+place could not be imagined, with its undulating ground covered with
+grass relieved by spreading oaks and towering pines.</p>
+
+<p>By the aid of this picture and information furnished me by Colonel
+Wolfenden and Mr. Harry Glide, I am enabled to give a pen-picture of
+the Queen City of the West forty-four years ago. Colonel Wolfenden
+says that when he first remembers James Bay he saw a gang of
+Indians&mdash;it may be one hundred&mdash;under "Grizzly" Morris, a contractor,
+and superintended by H. O. Tedieman, with pick, shovel and
+wheelbarrow making Belleville Street along the water and in front of
+the Government building. The sea beach then came up in front of the
+large trees on the Government grounds, about eighty or one hundred
+feet further inland. All this space was filled or reclaimed from the
+sea by the Indians. I might say that Chinese were almost as rare in
+those days in Victoria as Turks. Indians performed all manual
+labor&mdash;in fact were to that day what John Chinaman is to this. James
+Bay bridge, which was <span class="pagenum">p.85</span> just built, looks a very frail structure
+in this picture, and must have been, as Colonel Wolfenden says,
+intended for passenger and light vehicular traffic, there being
+nothing to cause heavy traffic over the bay, the only houses of any
+moment being the pagoda-like buildings erected in 1859 for the
+Government, and replaced by the present palatial buildings, of which
+there were five. In addition to these I see the residence of Governor
+Douglas and Dr. Helmcken, Captain Mouat and City Clerk Leigh. There
+was also a good-sized house on Beckley Farm, corner of Menzies
+Street, in charge of John Dutnall and wife. Across Menzies Street
+there is the cottage now owned and occupied by Mr. Jesse Cowper,
+since dead, which was then occupied by John Tait of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay
+Company&rsquo;s service, and who was an enthusiastic volunteer of the white
+blanket uniforms of 1861.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img16">
+<img width="524" height="420" src="images/vi16.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Government buildings, 1859&ndash;60.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>I see what I think was the residence of W. A. Young, on Superior
+Street, who was Colonial Secretary, and whose wife was a daughter of
+Chief Justice Cameron. If this is the place I see, it is still
+standing, and for years was the residence of the late Andrew J.
+Smith. To the right of the Government buildings is an isolated
+cottage which I believe is still in the land of the living, being
+built of corrugated iron, brought out from England by Captain
+Gossett, who in 1859 was colonial treasurer, mention of whom will be
+made later on. From Mr. Leigh&rsquo;s residence, which with Captain Mouat&rsquo;s
+was on the site of Belleville Street, until you come to St. John
+Street, there is a blank. On the corner is the house built and
+occupied by Captain Nagle, now occupied by Mr. Redfern, and across
+the street another built by James N. Thain and now occupied by Mr.
+George Simpson of the customs. From this on to the <span class="pagenum">p.86</span> outer dock I
+see three isolated houses, that still remain. The large one was built
+and occupied by Mr. Laing of "Laing&rsquo;s Ways," the pioneer shipbuilder;
+another by Captain H. McKay, the sealer captain; the third was built
+out of the upper works of the wrecked steamer <i>Major Tomkins</i>, the
+first steamer to run from Olympia to Victoria. She was wrecked off
+Macaulay Point in 1856. Mr. Laing bought the upper works and built
+this house. Lumber in those days had mostly to be imported from
+San Francisco&mdash;that is, the wood for fine work. Mr. Muir, of Sooke,
+bought the boilers and engines, which he put into a sawmill he built
+there, and good service they gave for years. Before the road opposite
+the Government grounds, which is now Belleville Street, was reclaimed
+from the sea, there was an Indian trail which ran through the woods,
+from Laing&rsquo;s Ways, in the direction of town along the water-front,
+around the head of the bay to Humboldt Street. I might say that the
+plat of ground on which the Government buildings were built in 1859
+was bought from a French-Canadian who came overland from Montreal,
+and although in the service of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company for years,
+either could not or would not speak a word of English other than
+"yes" or "no." He built his house here and lived here until he sold
+out to the Government, the house being afterwards used as a
+Government tool house.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img17">
+<img width="540" height="431" src="images/vi17.jpg" alt="[Illustration: First bridge over James Bay.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Mr. Harry Glide, from whom I got these particulars, is a pioneer of
+1856, and lived near the outer wharf. He married a daughter of Mr.
+Laing. He says all James Bay from the bridge to the mouth of the
+harbor was covered with pine trees, and all this land, together with
+that facing Dallas Road up to Beacon Hill, was called Beckley Farm.
+The greater part of all these trees were cut down for Kavaunah, a man
+whom many <span class="pagenum">p.87</span> will remember as having a woodyard about where the
+James Bay Athletic Association now stands.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Glide says that there were quite a lot of Cherokee Indians here
+who came from their native land to the coast of British Columbia for
+work, and a fine body of men he says they were, most of them over six
+feet and strongly built. It does seem strange that they should have
+travelled so far from their homes and country. There were also many
+Kanakas here, who came on vessels from Honolulu at odd times. They
+formed a small colony and located on Kanaka Road, or Humboldt Street,
+as it is now called. I can remember them in 1860, one family
+attending service at Christ Church regularly.</p>
+
+<p>The most prominent building in sight is Victoria District Church, as
+it stands out in relief on Church Hill. When I first went there as a
+boy, it was a most primitive-looking building, with its low steeple
+or dovecote (as it looked like). There were two bells in this
+steeple, one larger than the other, which sounded ding dong, ding
+dong, many a year, until early one morning James Kennedy, an old
+friend of mine, as he was going home saw flames issuing from the
+roof.</p>
+
+<p>He gave the alarm, and shortly after the whole town was there, and
+the engines with volunteer firemen. Nothing could save it though, as
+it was summer-time and very dry, and it was not more than an hour or
+two before it had disappeared. The other day I had the pleasure of
+meeting one of my schoolfellows of 1859, Ernest A. Leigh, of San
+Francisco, a son of the second city clerk of Victoria, and who was
+here on a visit to his niece, Mrs. George Simpson (customs). We of
+course had a long talk over old times, the days of yore, the days of
+&rsquo;59. In looking over this old picture he <span class="pagenum">p.88</span> exclaimed, "There is the
+old church we went to! My father built it," and then I remembered the
+fact. Well can I remember the old church, with its old-fashioned
+windows, seats and gallery, and its organ that stood in the gallery,
+facing the congregation. When I first remembered it, Mrs. Atwood, now
+Mrs. Sidney Wilson, was organist, and I was organ-blower. Originally
+it was played as a barrel organ, as it contained three barrels which
+contained ten tunes each, but Mr. Seeley, the owner and proprietor of
+the Australian House, at the north end of James Bay bridge, made and
+adapted a keyboard to it, and Mrs. Wilson played it in the morning
+and in the afternoon. In the evening the keyboard was removed, and
+your humble servant ground out the hymn tunes as on a barrel organ.</p>
+
+<p>It was in this gallery that I first met John Butts we have heard so
+much of through Mr. Higgins. I remember Butts as a sleek,
+respectable-looking young fellow with a nice tenor voice, which he
+was not afraid to use, and he was quite an addition to the choir, of
+which I was a juvenile member. In after years John fell from grace
+and gave up the choir, and might have been heard singing as he walked
+along the street, and not above taking fifty cents from someone well
+able to give it. He was always cheerful and goodnatured, and if a
+child were lost John would ring his bell and walk up and down calling
+out the fact.</p>
+
+<p>This view of the old city is taken from the rocks on the Indian
+reserve, and in the foreground is a large building which occupied the
+site of the present marine hospital. When first I remember this
+building it was used as a lunatic asylum. It is the only prominent
+building shown on the reserve, with the exception of the Indian
+lodges, which by the extent might accommodate <span class="pagenum">p.89</span> easily two
+thousand Indians. The harbor is full of shipping, taking up the whole
+frontage from the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s wharf north, which is the
+only one distinctly to be seen in the view. The vessels reach to the
+bridge across the harbor.</p>
+
+<p>At anchor is the historic <i>Beaver</i>, and steaming out of the
+harbor is the British steamer <i>Forward</i>. On the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay
+Company&rsquo;s wharf is a large shed or house. I do not see the present
+brick building, which was not built then (1859), but Mr. Glide says
+in a large shed on this wharf the <i>British Colonist</i> first saw
+the light, the advance sheets being printed here in 1858. When the
+shed was torn down a little over a year ago there were brought to
+light a number of old letters, which was a good find for the man who
+had the job of taking the shed down, for there were lots of old
+Vancouver Island stamps on these letters.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Colonist</i> was moved from here to Wharf Street, about where
+the Macdonald block now stands. Also Wells, Fargo&rsquo;s express first did
+business in this shed, then moved to Yates Street, where it was
+located in a building, the lumber for which was imported from San
+Francisco, being redwood. This building was afterwards moved to
+Langley, between Bastion and Fort, and used as a feed store by Turner
+&amp; Todd, whom we all know.</p>
+
+<p>An incident by my schoolfellow Ernest Leigh, of Upland Farm in 1859,
+finishes this reminiscence.</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Killing of Capt. Jack.</h4>
+
+<p>Referring to Mr. Higgins&rsquo; most interesting account of the killing of
+the noted Indian chieftain, "Captain Jack," at the Victoria jail in
+the year 1860&mdash;the result <span class="pagenum">p.90</span> of this shooting was to set the Indians
+over on the reserve wild with excitement, which condition was aided
+by a plentiful supply of infernal firewater obtained from the
+notorious wholesale joint at the end of the Johnson Street bridge.
+They immediately decided to start in their canoes up along the
+straits toward Saanich, calling at the many farms and wreaking their
+vengeance upon the settlers. A man was sent out from the fort on
+horseback to warn the farmers. At the Uplands Farm at Cadboro Bay,
+where the late William Leigh and family were residing, there were
+some seventeen people&mdash;men, women and children. When the warning came
+a hasty consultation was had, Mr. Leigh being away on business, as to
+whether it would be best to load up the wagons and all move in to the
+fort, or to barricade the house and run chances of being burned out,
+or to hide away in the forest behind the farm. The latter course was
+finally decided upon, and with a supply of blankets, mats and wraps,
+for protection against the cold, a movement was made down into a
+heavily wooded ravine about half a mile back of the farm, where,
+hidden under the spreading branches of a large pine, the party made
+themselves as comfortable as they could, the women and children
+huddled close under the tree and the men and elder boys mounting
+guard on the outer edge. Some of them were perched in the lower
+branches with whatever arms they had been able to secure, principally
+old Hudson Bay flintlock muskets.</p>
+
+<p>It was very dark and gloomy in the ravine, which was heavily timbered
+with a pine forest, and the concealed partly expected that at any
+time the Indians might arrive and fire the farm buildings, and
+perhaps search for them.</p>
+
+<p>Just before dawn several dark forms were seen by <span class="pagenum">p.91</span> the best-sighted
+of the men on watch, creeping cautiously up the ravine towards
+the hiding-place. The cracking of twigs and an occasional grunt
+were heard, and we knew the Indians were approaching. Word was
+passed not to fire until our leader gave the signal, which was
+finally given. Two of the old flintlocks went off, the others missed
+fire. One of the bullets struck one of a drove of pigs which were
+quietly feeding up the ravine and which in our terror we took for the
+foe. The squeals of the wounded pig frightened the others, and the
+whole drove came charging and squealing up the ravine right through
+our camp, tumbling over men, women and children, whose screams, added
+to the noise of the pigs, made matters a trifle lively until the
+enemy went by. The morning growing bright, and no Indians appearing,
+a cautious approach was made to the farm, and shortly after a runner
+came from the fort with word that the Indians had taken to their
+canoes the night before and had started out, but had been turned back
+by the gunboat which was on watch, and they were not allowed to leave
+the outer harbor, so our terror was without cause.</p>
+
+<p>(Note.&mdash;I saw the arrest of the Indian chief "Captain Jack," and
+heard the shot fired by Constable Taylor that killed him, as I stood
+outside the outer entrance to the gaol.&mdash;E. F.)</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.92</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov09">CHAPTER IX.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">FIRES AND FIREMEN.</p>
+
+<p>I had intended telling what I knew of the fires of early Victoria,
+but when I sat down to put to paper what I know of any noted fires, I
+first realized how little there was to tell of that dread element&rsquo;s
+ravages in early Victoria. But although there is not so much to tell
+of great fires, there is a good deal to be said of the men who
+prevented those fires becoming great, so I decided to go on with my
+subject.</p>
+
+<p>For a city of its size and age, there could not be one more immune
+from fires. Was it the fir of which we built most of our principal
+buildings? Some contend it was. The Douglas fir was hard to burn, and
+the honesty of those fir-built houseowners no doubt was also a
+reason. In the <i>Victoria Gazette</i> of 1858 there are many
+references to the subject of fires that might occur, and also to the
+fact that there is no water to put out a fire should one occur. Then
+the editor suggests a public meeting to consider the important
+subject and also as to the building of large tanks to hold salt water
+at the bottom of Johnson Street. Subsequently Governor Douglas is
+petitioned to procure a fire engine, with the result that he ordered
+two. Later one of these engines, named the "Telegraph," arrived from
+San Francisco, and I believe was second-hand, as the price paid was
+$1,600. Another petition was sent to the Governor to organize a fire
+department under an officer <span class="pagenum">p.93</span> appointed by himself. Soon after a
+public meeting was called by advertisement by the following
+gentlemen to organize: M. F. Truett, J. J. Southgate, A. Kaindler,
+A. H. Guild, Chas. Potter, Samuel Knight and J. N. Thain. This was
+the initial movement to form a volunteer fire department.</p>
+
+<p>At a subsequent meeting, E. E. Eyres was appointed secretary, and the
+following a working committee: James Yates (father of Alderman
+Yates); Chas. A. Bayley, hotel-keeper, corner Yates and Government
+Streets; Capt. J. H. Doan, since died (his daughter is still a
+resident); Leopold Lowenberg, a real estate agent, and uncle of Carl
+Lowenberg, German consul; and Roussett, Truett and Myers. This
+committee was to select one hundred men to each engine to form the
+companies. The first meeting of No. 2 engine was called and the
+notice is signed by David Green (clothier, whose widow is still a
+resident), H. J. Labatt, W. F. Bartlett and J. W. Turnbull. The first
+meeting of Engine No. 1 was called to meet at the business place of
+Thomas J. Burnes, August 6th, 1858 (customs staff.) His photo, taken
+in 1860 by Robinson (over Theatre Royal), is here reproduced, showing
+he has been elected foreman of his company. Mr. Burnes was a most
+enthusiastic fireman for many years after this. The photo of Jno. C.
+Keenan of same date is also given. He was another good fireman.
+(Note.&mdash;Both these photos have been lost.&mdash;E. F.)</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img18">
+<img width="537" height="444" src="images/vi18.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Hook and Ladder Company.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>A picture is here reproduced of a May Day parade of Victoria&rsquo;s
+volunteer firemen of forty years ago. I am sorry I am not able to
+give the names of more of those in line, but the photo is so old it
+is hard to make them out. Would you believe it, May Day was a general
+holiday, and set apart as "Fireman&rsquo;s" day, and celebrated <span class="pagenum">p.94</span> with a
+parade and picnic, either at Medana&rsquo;s Grove or Cook and North Park
+Streets. The weather was usually fine with the warm sunshine of
+spring. I hear the gong of the engines as the procession moves
+along&mdash;the hook and ladder company, the Tigers and the Deluge
+company, all decorated with flowers, flags and evergreens. Under a
+canopy of flowers sits a beautiful little girl as the "May Queen."
+On each side and following behind march those who have constituted
+themselves the salvors of their fellow-citizens&rsquo; property and life.
+Among these men were some of our prominent business men, merchants,
+tradesmen and professional men, as well as workingmen. Would the
+citizens of the present day believe that these men had banded
+themselves together, put their hands in their pockets to build
+engine-houses and equip engines, had given their time, either by
+night or day, attending fires, and had paid monthly dues to keep the
+concern going, and all without fee or reward? It is even so, and no
+night was too cold or wet to keep these men from their duty. The
+picture I produce of the "Hook and Ladders" in a May Day parade
+of 1862 was taken from the original, and is here produced by the
+kindness of Mr. Fred Morison (customs). He was then a torch boy and
+continued a volunteer fireman for nearly thirty years. On account of
+the age of the photo the faces are rather indistinct, so that some of
+those present cannot be recognized. I should like to have known who
+the six or seven boys are, and whether they are with us to-day, but I
+make out of those present: Robt. Homfray, C.E.; J. D. Edgar, of Edgar
+&amp; Aime; Richard Lewis, undertaker; Murray Thain, now of Moodyville;
+Henry and Robert Thain; Louis Vigelius, barber; Philip J. Hall, the
+banner-bearer; W. <span class="pagenum">p.95</span> T. Liveock, Chief Factor of Hudson&rsquo;s Bay
+Company; Fred. Morison, customs, torch boy; Wolff, merchant, of Yates
+Street; E. Grancini, merchant, Wharf Street; Wm. Harrison, now of
+Saanich, and J. R. Anderson, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, secretary.</p>
+
+<p>On reading Mr. Levy&rsquo;s interesting sketch appended, I see that the
+Hotel de France was also destroyed by fire, and, being built of
+California redwood, was entirely consumed.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img19">
+<img width="389" height="310" src="images/vi19.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Colonial Hotel.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The first mention of a fire that is recorded in public print is taken
+from the <i>Victoria Gazette</i> in 1858. It is that of one of those
+primitive erections, a house-tent, with the contents thereof. At that
+time Victoria was covered in all directions, I am told, with canvas
+houses. In February, 1859, there were a great many, I know. As a
+member of the Victoria fire department, hook and ladder company, I
+attended many fires, but they were small comparatively. The
+destruction of the Colonial Hotel on Government Street, as here
+produced, is one of them. The Colonial was situated on Government
+Street, between the Alhambra building on the corner of Yates and the
+San Francisco baths (then kept by an old fireman, Thos. Geiger),
+occupying also the upper portion of the building now used as a music
+store by Fletcher Bros. The old photos of the Colonial show the hotel
+before and after the fire. Sosthenes Driard, who was subsequently
+proprietor of the Driard House, was the proprietor, and Mons.
+Hartangle, who was afterwards co-partner with Driard in the Driard
+House, was chief cook. He may be seen standing in front of Alex.
+Gilmore&rsquo;s clothing store (now Fletcher&rsquo;s); also a man with crutches,
+nicknamed "Pegleg Smith," who was an M.P.P. of that day, and behind
+him is, I think, <span class="pagenum">p.96</span> your humble servant. Further south, and on the
+same side as the Colonial, was the Hotel de France, Manciet and Bigne,
+proprietors. Of this hotel I have a vivid recollection, as I paid
+several visits there with my mother when I was a boy. She had heard of a
+sick miner (maybe from Cariboo) who lay there dying. His physician, Dr.
+Powell, had done all he could for him, and he knew his end was not far
+off. He had, like hundreds of others, risked his precious health for
+gold, had been successful, and now was to leave this beautiful world and
+the gold with it. My mother thought it her duty to go and see him, read
+to him, and tell him of the better world beyond. So one Sunday afternoon
+she went, and I with her, to carry some little delicacy which he might
+not be able to get in the usual way. She got sufficient encouragement to
+go again and again, until the end came, and my mother was satisfied that
+she had done him some good spiritually. To come back to fires. There was
+the fire in Theatre Royal, after the play of the "Octoroon." Although
+the theatre was gutted, it was not consumed, the reason being partly,
+no doubt, that it was built of Douglas fir logs. The surroundings being
+of a most inflammable nature, this was very surprising. I might also
+instance the first and second fires at Christ Church, the second of
+which only was successful in consuming the building. It was the custom
+for every citizen present to lend a helping hand when a fire was of any
+dimensions. It was only doing for another what you might want yourself
+next week. If the fire was in the business portion of the city the
+stores on the opposite side of the street were thrown open to receive
+goods from the burning building, which were carried by many willing
+helpers. Oh, the good <span class="pagenum">p.97</span> old days! As I have stated in a former
+article, the bluejackets from the war vessels at Esquimalt were
+telephoned for, and ran all the way up and worked like the
+bluejackets always do&mdash;with all their heart and soul. I might go on
+discoursing on these incidents of bygone days, but as Mr. H. E. Levy,
+one of the pioneer firemen, has promised to add to this imperfect
+account, I shall leave the fires and say something of the firemen. I
+would draw the attention of my readers to the picture of a May Day
+parade in 1862. It is the Union Hook and Ladder Company, drawn up on
+Bastion Square with their truck.</p>
+
+
+<h4 class="sc">The Pioneer Engines.</h4>
+
+<p>(By H. E. Levy.)</p>
+
+<p>"First in order comes the Union Hook and Ladder Company, a very swell
+affair, composed of the leading merchants of the city, sixty-five
+strong. They were first located on the present site of the Board of
+Trade building, then removing to Government Street to the spot on
+which now stands the new Promis building. Next came the Deluge Engine
+Company, No. 1, who ran a very cumbrous Hunneman tub, made in Boston,
+afterwards securing a Merryweather steam engine from England. This
+company also consisted of sixty-five men, and were first located
+about where the Poodle Dog now stands, moving thence to that point on
+Yates Street now occupied by the Maynard shoe store, again moving to
+their own building on the north side of Yates Street east of Broad.
+Next comes the Tiger Engine Company, No. 21, first located on Johnson
+Street, next to where the Jubilee saloon now stands, and afterwards <span class="pagenum">p.98</span>
+moving to the north side of Johnson, just above Government. This
+company commenced business with an old double-decker that was brought
+up from San Francisco by the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company, and was there
+known as Telegraph No. 1. This machine was very similar to the one
+brought here last summer by the San Francisco veterans; it was
+succeeded later by an up-to-date &lsquo;Button and Blake&rsquo; hand engine,
+and still later by a fine steamer from the same firm. These three
+companies were very effective and presented a fine appearance in
+their semi-military uniforms, as they turned out in full force on
+their gala day, the first of May.</p>
+
+<p>"On the arrival of the steam fire engines, six of the younger members
+of each company were taught to manage the same, and soon became
+proficient as engineers. Each company sent three members to the board
+of delegates, who made laws for the entire department. Whether owing
+to good luck or good management, we had very few large fires in those
+days, the most notable being the Rosedale store, owned by Reid and
+McDonald, on the north-east corner of Bastion and Wharf Streets; the
+Sam Price warehouse, then used as a lodging-house, opposite the
+Occidental Hotel&mdash;this fire brought out for the first time the Tiger
+steam engine, with Mr. H. E. Levy (one of the engineer class) at the
+throttle. Another large fire not to be overlooked was the Hotel de
+France on Government Street, nearly opposite Bastion. It is a notable
+fact that a great number of the most efficient heads of the
+department were nearly all Americans, viz., John Dickson, S. L.
+Kelly, John C. Keenan, Charles Brooks, J. A. McCrea, James Drummond,
+and many others, who no doubt are still remembered by the old-timers.
+There was a strong spirit of emulation <span class="pagenum">p.99</span> between the companies,
+which added greatly to their efficiency, each striving to be first at
+the fire, as it was considered an honor to have first water on the
+same. At the tap of the fire alarm men could be seen running from all
+quarters to the engine-houses, as the first man at the engine-house
+had the honor of carrying the pipe into the fire, which was a
+position of some danger."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.100</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov10">CHAPTER X.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">A SIBERIAN MAMMOTH.</p>
+
+<p>Some four or five years ago I came across an American illustrated
+newspaper containing an account of the discovery of a perfect mammoth
+in Siberia, where it had been imbedded in a glacier for thousands of
+years. It was stated that an expedition had been sent from St.
+Petersburg by the Imperial Academy of Sciences, headed by Dr. Herz;
+also that later a telegram had been received stating the expedition
+had been successful in securing the animal complete, and that all the
+principal parts, including even part of the contents of the stomach,
+had been secured and were being brought on sledges overland for
+thousands of miles. I was intensely interested in the alleged
+discovery, and made many enquiries of various people to find out if
+there was anything in it more than sensation such as is often got
+from some of the American papers. The result of my enquiries was very
+disappointing; most of those I interviewed considered it a yarn. I
+let the matter rest for some time and then decided to write a friend
+in St. Petersburg for particulars. Mrs. Calthorpe (<i>n&eacute;e</i>
+Dunsmuir), wife of Captain Gough-Calthorpe, who was naval attach&eacute; to
+the British Legation at the time, responded in due course of time,
+sending me a photo (Since lost.&mdash;E. F.), reproduced herewith, of the
+animal as it appeared stuffed in the Imperial Museum, and the promise
+of a description, which Mr. Norman, secretary of the legation, <span class="pagenum">p.101</span> had
+kindly promised to translate from the Russian for me. This has lately
+come to hand, and as Mr. Norman states, is rather disappointing&mdash;that
+is, as regards the size of the mammoth, it being a young one. The
+wonderful part of the story is that the stomach of the mammoth
+contained food as fresh as the day it was eaten thousands of years
+ago. The food seems to have been young shoots of a species of pine
+tree, with vegetable matter. The hair on its back was about 13 inches
+long, with a thick fur at the roots of the hair. I submit the
+translated account by Mr. Norman, with his letter to me, which I
+think will be interesting to the many friends of the two British
+Columbia ladies mentioned therein. I also give an account of the
+expedition as contained in the newspapers at the time of discovery,
+as follows:</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Story of the Scientific Expedition.</h4>
+
+<p>"The discovery of the mammoth to which the cable despatch on this
+page refers, was reported during the summer, and has excited the
+widest interest in scientific circles.</p>
+
+<p>"A very interesting account of the discovery by Dr. von Adelung,
+curator of the museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St.
+Petersburg, has just appeared in the <i>Globus</i>, a leading German
+scientific paper, of Brunswick.</p>
+
+<p>"From this account it appears that the mammoth was first reported by
+a Cossack named Jawlowsky. He found it in a glacier near the
+Beresowka River, a tributary of the Kolyma River, in far Northeastern
+Siberia. The nearest settlement is Sredne Kolymsk, three hundred
+versts (a verst is 3,500 yards) away.</p>
+
+<p>"The situation of the body is a very extraordinary <span class="pagenum">p.102</span> one.
+It lies in an enormous pocket of ice, between the mountains, near
+the river bank. The ice is evidently the relic of the great glacier
+that existed here in former ages. The upper ice in time flowed away,
+leaving only the lower part shut up in this pocket. The River
+Beresowka only thaws for a short time in summer. The surface of
+the earth in this region also thaws only at this season, and then
+only to a depth of two or three feet. Beneath that the soil is
+eternally frozen.</p>
+
+<p>"A slight melting of the surface of the ice left a bright, smooth
+space, peering through which the Cossack Jawlowsky saw the ancient
+mammoth preserved, as we sometimes see a lobster in a cake of ice.
+The Cossack knew how interesting such relics were to civilized men
+and promptly reported this one.</p>
+
+<p>"Through the agency of Mr. Horn, the Chief of Police of Kolymsk, the
+Cossack&rsquo;s report was conveyed to the Governor of Yakutsk. He being
+interested in scientific matters, promptly communicated the report to
+the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg.</p>
+
+<p>"The greatest scientific undertaking of this kind ever made was then
+determined upon. This was nothing less than an expedition to bring
+back the complete body of the mammoth. It was promptly organized by
+the Imperial Academy, with the fullest assistance of the government
+and the Ministry of Finance. Dr. Otto Herz, curator of the Imperial
+Museum, was appointed leader of the expedition, with Dr. Pfitzenmayer
+as assistant.</p>
+
+<p>"The expedition proceeded along the Trans-Siberian railroad as far as
+Irkutsk. From there to the place of the discovery is a journey by
+land and water of fully 3,000 miles. The scientists made part of this
+journey in boats down the Lena River to Jakutsk. They then <span class="pagenum">p.103</span>
+started on an overland journey to Sredne Kolymsk. They took fifty
+horses for transport. A large part of the way lay through virgin
+forest. Then came the formation called the Taiga, a sort of Arctic
+moorland, which becomes swampy and dangerous in summer.</p>
+
+<p>"The scientists had to live on salt fish, mare&rsquo;s milk and stewed tree
+bark. Several lives were lost on the journey, but it is now known
+that the chief scientists reached their destination. They proceeded
+without delay to excavate the mammoth.</p>
+
+<p>"The flesh is treated with arsenic and then sewn up in new cowhide,
+which shrinks, becomes air-tight and preserves the contents.</p>
+
+<p>"Nothing more will probably be heard from the scientists during the
+present winter. Dr. Herz, according to the last report, was in doubt
+as to which of two ways he will take in returning. He may, during the
+coming summer, endeavor to take the mammoth&rsquo;s remains overland to
+Markova, a little settlement on the Anadyr River, which runs into
+Behring Sea. There he would winter and go down the river at the
+opening of next summer, and catch the steamship that calls there once
+a year.</p>
+
+<p>"If this proves impracticable, he will have to wait until the winter
+of 1902&ndash;1903, and take the remains overland by sledges to Irkutsk. It
+would be impossible to make this tremendous journey in summer,
+through a roadless country, where there are thousands of square miles
+of swamps.</p>
+
+<p>"Numerous relics of mammoths have been discovered in Siberia,
+including pieces of skin, and all the bones. On more than one
+occasion a complete animal has been found preserved in the ice,
+but a complete animal has never been secured in its entirety and <span class="pagenum">p.104</span>
+brought back to civilization. That is exactly what the Imperial
+Academy of Sciences now proposes to do. According to the last report
+from Irkutsk, it is in a fair way to accomplish this.</p>
+
+<p>"It is, perhaps, one of the most marvellous facts in the whole realm
+of nature that the body of a mammoth should be preserved exactly as
+it existed in life thousands and thousands of years ago, but there is
+every reason to believe that this happened in countless cases.</p>
+
+<p>"The mammoth was a gigantic species of extinct elephant. It
+flourished in past geological ages, and also survived into the days
+of early man. When the Pal&aelig;olithic or Old Stone man flourished on
+earth two hundred thousand years ago, the mammoth was as common as
+the horse to-day. In no part of the world were mammoths more abundant
+than in Northern Siberia. They must have roamed about there as freely
+as the buffalo did in North America fifty years ago.</p>
+
+<p>"Though similar in structure to the modern elephant, the mammoth was
+very different in habits. He was a northern animal, and with this in
+view was provided with a very long, thick hair, reddish in color,
+like that of the camel. He had extraordinary teeth and stomach, so
+that he was able to masticate and digest, not only plants, leaves and
+so forth, but wood and the trunks of trees. His stomach has been
+found full of young fir trees. His teeth were built in layers and
+renewed themselves ceaselessly through life.</p>
+
+<p>"Sometimes the mammoth would become mired in a soft spot of earth,
+and there sink in, die, become frozen and preserved forever. Another
+mammoth, while walking across a glacier, would fall into a crevasse,
+and there become frozen in a gigantic block of ice. That is what
+happened in the case of the animal <span class="pagenum">p.105</span> recently discovered in
+Siberia. The soil is generally frozen to a depth of four hundred
+feet in Northern Siberia.</p>
+
+<p>"There were many species of mammoths, some of them existing in
+earlier ages than others. One species was provided with four tusks,
+the upper ones turning up as in the present elephant, and the lower
+turning down, as in the walrus. These horns were of gigantic size, in
+some cases measuring twelve feet long. They were adapted principally
+to digging up and pulling down trees. The mastodon was a giant
+elephant of a still earlier period than the mammoth.</p>
+
+<p>"In spite of their gigantic size and weapons, the mammoths were
+frequently killed by prehistoric men. These men must have been very
+brave and determined to kill these huge and terribly armed beasts,
+with stone and rude wood and bone spears.</p>
+
+<p>"The very word &lsquo;mammoth&rsquo; is of Siberian Tartar origin, being derived
+from the word &lsquo;mammoth,&rsquo; the earth, on account of the beast being
+found frozen in the earth. Chinese records show that they, too,
+frequently discovered the frozen mammoths. The beast is probably the
+same as the &lsquo;Behemoth&rsquo; of the Bible.</p>
+
+<p>"The bones of the mammoth when first discovered in Europe were
+variously regarded as the remains of giant men and of elephants that
+had been brought to Europe by the ancient Romans. Even the majority
+of scientists held to this opinion until Sir Richard Owen, the great
+pal&aelig;ontologist, first proved that they were the remains of an extinct
+animal allied to, but of different species from, the elephant.</p>
+
+<p>"One of the first mammoths described by modern scientists was found
+on the peninsula of Tamut, near the Lena River, in 1799. It was fully
+enclosed in a <span class="pagenum">p.106</span> mass of clear ice. It was uncovered and rotted away
+in 1804."</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Mr. Norman&rsquo;s Letter.</h4>
+
+<p>The following is a copy of Mr. Norman&rsquo;s letter:</p>
+
+<p style="text-align:center;">"British Embassy, St. Petersburg,</p>
+<p class="dateline">"Dec. 24, 1904.</p>
+
+<p>"Dear Sir,&mdash;Before leaving St. Petersburg, Mrs. Gough-Calthorpe, wife
+of our late naval attach&eacute;, asked me to send you some information
+about the stuffed mammoth which is in the Zoological Museum here, as
+you were interested in such things, and I promised to translate the
+passage in the catalogue which refers to the animal.</p>
+
+<p>"The revolution which has been raging here for the last few months
+has given me so much to do I really have not had time to keep my
+promise sooner. However, I now send you the translation, which, I
+fear, tells disappointingly little about the mammoth, giving no
+measurements nor any description of his appearance. The earlier part,
+too, about the distribution of the elephant family, is doubtless also
+stale news to you.</p>
+
+<p>"You have, I believe, already received a photograph of him from Mrs.
+Calthorpe, so you know what he looks like, but as I have seen him
+very often, I may add a few details as to his personal appearance
+from my own observation. He is smaller than I expected&mdash;a good deal
+smaller than an elephant, but then, it is true, he was young when he
+died, not full grown, I suppose. His tusks are magnificent. His
+hair is very thick, abundant and long and of a fashionable dark
+reddish-brown tint. Otherwise he is very like an elephant in <span class="pagenum">p.107</span>
+general build, and I should say, so far as I can judge without
+being a specialist, in details also.</p>
+
+<p>"I hope these few details may be of use to you. Should you want more
+about the mammoth, or require information about anything else in the
+museum here, I shall be very glad to do my best to satisfy you.</p>
+
+<p>"The Calthorpes are much regretted by all of us here, as they were
+greatly beloved by us. Curiously enough, the wife of Calthorpe&rsquo;s
+successor, Captain Victor Stanley, also comes from British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p class="sig" style="padding-right:4em;">"Yours very truly,</p>
+
+<p class="sig sc" style="padding-right:2em;">"H. Norman.</p>
+
+<p class="sig">"Secretary to His Majesty&rsquo;s Embassy.</p>
+
+<p>"I send this by King&rsquo;s messenger as far as London, which will still
+further delay it, but the posts are now very irregular and unsafe in
+Russia owing to the revolutionary strikes. H. N."</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Translation from Catalogue.</h4>
+
+<p>"During the tertiary period elephants were very numerous and were
+distributed over Europe, Asia as far as the Arctic Ocean, North
+America and Africa. By the remains excavated, many species of extinct
+elephants are now distinguished, among which one, known under the
+name of Mammoth (<i>Elephas Primigenius</i>), existed in immense
+numbers in Europe and in Siberia as far as its most northern limits.
+In Siberia the frozen bodies of these animals have frequently been
+found well preserved, with the skin and flesh. On account of the
+remoteness of the places where these bodies have been found, not all
+the expeditions sent to <span class="pagenum">p.108</span> exhume them have had a successful issue.
+In this connection the most successful of all was that organized by the
+Academy of Sciences in 1901 to the River Berezovka, in the Yakutsk
+district, which consisted of Messrs. O. F. Herz and E. W. <a id="emen4">Pfitzenmayer.</a>
+Thanks to this expedition an excellent specimen of the mammoth was
+received by the Academy of Sciences,&mdash;rather young, with skin, parts
+of the internal organs, some food and almost the whole skeleton.
+Unfortunately some of the soft parts of the body, such as the trunk,
+were not found. The remains of this mammoth made it possible not only
+to set up the skeleton, but to stuff the animal, which is placed in the
+position in which it died, suddenly, in all probability, and in which
+it was found in a frozen condition."</p>
+
+<p>This story can hardly be called a "reminiscence" of Victoria, but I
+thought that it might be interesting to many who, like myself, have a
+liking for old and ancient things, as this mammoth most assuredly
+was. Also there may be an interest taken in the letter from Mr.
+Norman, the secretary to H.M. Embassy, speaking as it does of one who
+formerly was a resident and native-born of British Columbia.&mdash;E. F.</p>
+
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.109</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov11">CHAPTER XI.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">MRS. EDWIN DONALD, HON. WYMOND HAMLEY, HON. G. A. WALKEM.</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Mrs. Edwin Donald.</h4>
+
+<p>"I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept
+the faith."&mdash;Timothy 4:7, 8. Never was there one to whom these words
+could be applied with greater truth than to the subject of this
+sketch. A faithful servant of her Lord, she was always ready to say a
+good word for Him, and took advantage of any and all opportunities to
+bring back to Him some friend whom she thought had become careless,
+thoughtless, or indifferent in His service.</p>
+
+<p>I am sure my old friend admonished me many a time during our
+forty-six years of close friendship, but always in the most kindly
+manner, that could not help impressing me, knowing it was well meant,
+and knowing also that she considered it her duty to say what she did.</p>
+
+<p>It was in February, 1859, as a boy of twelve, just arrived from San
+Francisco, that I first met her. She and her husband had lately
+arrived from Wisconsin, U.S., where they had been living some years,
+and, having a sister here already, she had been induced to come to
+her. Her sister, herself and their husbands had all come from
+Cornwall. The elder sister and her husband (Trounce) had emigrated to
+Van Diemen&rsquo;s Land, <span class="pagenum">p.110</span> as Tasmania was then called; the Trounces
+later on went to San Francisco, and from there came to Victoria, in
+the same steamer as my father, in 1858.</p>
+
+<p>The Trounces and Donalds lived in tents on Douglas Street in 1858,
+and when our family arrived in 1859 they had just moved into what was
+then considered a very handsome house. It now stands on Kane Street,
+between Douglas and Blanchard.</p>
+
+<p>Like Dorcas of Joppa, "she was full of good works and alms deeds."
+The two sisters, with their husbands, were Wesleyan Methodists, and
+Mrs. Donald, although eighty-eight years of age, attended church
+twice on Sunday, and always walked both ways, to the Metropolitan
+Church on Pandora Street. This she did to the end, having gone twice
+the last Sunday. She did not believe in Sunday cars, and would not
+use them, although they would have been such a help to her; but no,
+she thought it wrong, so took the course she thought was right. My
+wife and I called on her about ten days before her death, and on
+asking her how she was she replied, "I am as well as can be expected,
+for I am an old woman, you know." She was as cheerful as usual. She
+never complained; everything was for the best, she thought.</p>
+
+<p>And so it was in her case, for she was near her end, "having fought a
+good fight and finished her course." She died literally in harness,
+for an hour or so before she breathed her last, she was working for
+the church, propped up in bed sewing. Towards the end, being
+conscious, she said, "I think my Lord wants me," and so passed away
+to a better life. She was attended at her death by an affectionate
+niece, Miss Carrie Thomas; her other relatives being Mrs. Thomas and
+Mrs. Morall.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.111</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Hon. Wymond Hamley.</h4>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img20">
+<img width="260" height="452" src="images/vi20.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Wymond Hamley.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The late collector of customs, under whom I was privileged to serve
+from 1882 to 1900, was appointed by Sir Edward B. Lytton as collector
+of customs of New Westminster, and arrived by sailing vessel in 1859.</p>
+
+<p>After the union of the mainland and island in 1867, the collector,
+with his staff, came down to Victoria and established the customs
+house on Government Street in a wooden structure near the post-office
+of that day, and it was a very unpretentious affair.</p>
+
+<p>His staff of that time, and who were with him at New Westminster, was
+composed of Mr. Macrae, who in 1872 was pensioned on account of
+defective eyesight, and is now living in Ireland, chief clerk;
+Charles S. Finlaison (afterwards chief clerk), George Frye, C. S.
+Wylde and Richard Hunter. All of these, except Mr. Macrae, are dead.
+Mr. Hamley was the last of three brothers, and all of us have heard
+of the youngest, Sir Edward, the hero of Tel el Kebir, who, with his
+eldest brother, were generals in the British army. Sir Edward was a
+noted tactician, and it was through this he became the hero of Tel el
+Kebir. He was prominent in the Imperial Parliament also as a speaker.
+The elder brother I heard little of from him, but I know he was very
+proud of his younger brother.</p>
+
+<p>The late collector was in early life in the British civil service,
+and subsequently joined the navy, and served on the China station. I
+shall always have a kindly feeling for my late chief, as he was a
+good friend to me, and felt kindly disposed to me, by the many
+conversations we had together. He was a just man in all his dealings
+with the public, and treated all alike without fear or favor, and his
+decisions were, as a rule, always <span class="pagenum">p.112</span> upheld at Ottawa. There also
+could not have been a more popular man with his staff.</p>
+
+<p>So one by one the good old stock of the early pioneers passes away,
+and their places will be hard to fill, so I say "<i>Requiescat in pace</i>."</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Hon. G. A. Walkem.</h4>
+
+<p>As a friend of over forty years, I should like to add a few lines to
+what has been said of the late Mr. Walkem. Some forty-two years ago I
+was going up Yates Street, past Wells Fargo&rsquo;s bank and express, which
+then occupied the brick building on the south side just above the
+American Hotel and next Pierson&rsquo;s tinware store. It was steamer day,
+and Yates Street was full of life, as it always was when the San
+Francisco steamer had just arrived with passengers, freight, mails
+and express.</p>
+
+<p>The latter was the more important in those days. The chief business
+was done with San Francisco, and the most of the letters came by
+express, costing twenty-five cents each, from San Francisco. As I
+said before, I was passing Wells Fargo&rsquo;s. The large front office was
+open to the street and was full of business men and others. The staff
+of the express consisted of Colonel Pendergast, Major Gillingham (who
+introduced quail from California), and a colored man named Miller, as
+messenger.</p>
+
+<p>What attracted my attention was "George Anthony Walkem," called in a
+loud voice. I stopped and squeezed inside, where there was a scene
+that never will be enacted again in this city, I think, in the way of
+business. Major Gillingham was unlocking express bags and cutting
+open bundles of letters, which he <span class="pagenum">p.113</span> handed to Colonel Pendergast,
+who was mounted on a chair and calling out the addresses on the
+letters. If the addressee was there he called out "Here," and the
+letter was handed across the room to where he stood, or if not there,
+was taken by a friend. After all the letters had been called, the
+audience trooped out and went to their offices to peruse their
+correspondence.</p>
+
+<p>"George Anthony Walkem" on this occasion was not there and did not
+answer to his name, but the letter was put in the letter-rack to be
+delivered by Miller, the messenger. This occasion is vivid in my
+memory, as if of yesterday, and is the first time I remember Mr.
+Walkem.</p>
+
+<p>It was a couple of years after that I met him at a dance, and we
+became friends, and met at many home dances and parties. He was a
+young lawyer and fond of the society of young people, although older
+than they were. In those days dancing was one of our chief
+amusements, classes being formed under the direction of some lady.
+They were very enjoyable, being kept select. The ladies having the
+two principal classes were Mrs. Digby Palmer and Mrs. J. H.
+Carmichael. I belonged to each, and met Mr. Walkem often. The
+principal thing I wished to speak of with respect to my friend was
+his gift of animal drawing, he being no mean follower of Sir Edwin
+Landseer.</p>
+
+<p>This I found out as a great surprise one day while visiting him at
+his rooms over Hibben &amp; Co.&rsquo;s store. The walls were plastered, and
+white, and all over were covered with animals and portraits of noted
+characters of the day done with a crayon pencil. These portraits were
+of such men as Judge Begbie, the Governor, an admiral of the station,
+or some noted politician.</p>
+
+<p>But what took my fancy most of all were his lions, <span class="pagenum">p.114</span> male and
+female and cubs, and in all positions. It was a sight well worth
+seeing, and would so be considered to-day.</p>
+
+<p>Long after Mr. Walkem left these rooms these walls were left intact,
+and many schemes were devised to remove the pictures with the walls.
+A prominent man, I think Admiral Farquhar, asked my brother if it
+were possible to cut the plaster off the studding in blocks and so
+preserve these beautiful pictures. I am sorry to say it proved to be
+impossible.</p>
+
+<p>To-day there are reproductions of these pictures in the judge&rsquo;s
+residence. They were framed in gilt by us, and it is only a year or
+so since I saw them in Sommer&rsquo;s being reframed. I recognized them
+immediately.</p>
+
+<p>He was pleased to compliment me some time ago on one of my sketches
+of early Victoria, a subject we compared notes on frequently, when I
+suggested that he give to his friends some of his early experiences
+in Cariboo, which he recited to me, telling of those days when he
+started off from Victoria a young man, with a good profession, lots
+of energy, a fund of good humor, and not a very heavy purse. He had
+his experiences, and valuable experiences they were, and in Cariboo
+he entered into politics, and for years represented that constituency
+in the Local House. He was a good friend, and I shall miss his visits
+to my office, when he came in to chat for a few minutes, always to
+wind up with a "reminiscence." Well, as I said before, I shall miss
+him and shall remember him with the most kindly feelings.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.115</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov12">CHAPTER XII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">THE CONSECRATION OF THE IRON CHURCH.</p>
+
+<p>Old-timers will be interested in the following clipping giving
+particulars of the consecration of St. John&rsquo;s Church. The year is not
+given, but it was in 1860 (April 13th). It was when first built a
+very ugly building, having no semblance of a tower, which was added
+many years after. The first rector was Rev. R. J. Dundas, M.A. Of the
+clergy who took part fifty years ago, there are, I think, only three
+living, viz., Rev. Edward Cridge, now Bishop Cridge; Rev. J.
+Sheepshanks, now Bishop of Norwich, and the Rev. Alexander Garrett,
+now Bishop of Dallas, Texas. Of the bishops then present, both are
+dead. Bishop Morris, of Oregon, who preached the consecration sermon,
+died a few years ago, aged eighty-seven, the oldest bishop in the
+United States; and Bishop Hills died in England soon after he left
+this country, having resigned the bishopric of British Columbia, a
+very disappointed man. Strange to say, he took a rectorship under one
+of his former clergy, Rev. J. Sheepshanks, Bishop of Norwich.</p>
+
+<p>It will be noted that the hymn-books used at the service were to be
+obtained at Hibben &amp; Carswell&rsquo;s (T. N. Hibben &amp; Co.). To close the
+consecration services there was to be a social gathering or
+tea-meeting, which was a popular form of entertainment in those good
+old days. The admission was one dollar, and the proceedings commenced
+at half-past six o&rsquo;clock. Just <span class="pagenum">p.116</span> think of it, ye late birds of the
+later days, when half-past eight is not too late! As the choir of
+Christ Church assisted at these services, and as I was a choir-boy,
+I must have been there.</p>
+
+<p>The printed programme reads: "The consecration of the Church of St.
+John the Evangelist is fixed for Thursday next, 13th inst. The solemn
+occasion will be marked by a series of services, at which a voluntary
+choir will contribute their assistance, aided by the fine organ just
+erected. It is also intended to hold meetings, one of which meetings
+will organize the Diocesan Church Society, and the other draw
+together in a social way the friends of religion, and the
+well-wishers of the Church of England. It is earnestly hoped that
+these various occasions may tend to strengthen the best influences
+amongst us, and advance substantially the work of the Lord.</p>
+
+<p>"The following is the order of services:</p>
+
+<p>"Thursday, September 13th, in the morning, consecration service at 11
+a.m. Sermon by the Bishop of Oregon.</p>
+
+<p>"The Holy Communion will be administered.</p>
+
+<p>"In the evening service at 7 p.m. Sermon by the Bishop of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>"Friday, September 21st, service at 11 a.m. Sermon by the Rev. E.
+Willis (rector of St. John&rsquo;s, Olympia).</p>
+
+<p>"Evening service at 7 p.m. Sermon by the Rev. W. D. Crickmer, M.A.,
+minister of Fort Yale.</p>
+
+<p>"Sunday, September 16th, morning service at 11 a.m. Sermon by the
+Bishop of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>"Afternoon service at 3 p.m. Sermon by the Rev. E. Cridge, B.A.,
+minister of Christ Church.</p>
+
+<p>"Evening service at 6.30. Sermon by the Bishop of Oregon.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.117</p>
+
+<p>"Tuesday, September 18th, evening service at 7 p.m. Sermon by the
+Rev. J. Sheepshanks, M.A., minister of New Westminster.</p>
+
+<p>"Friday, September 21st, evening service at 7 p.m. Sermon by Rev.
+Alex. C. Garrett, B.A.</p>
+
+<p>"Sunday, September 23rd, morning service at 11 a.m. Sermon by the
+Bishop of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>"Afternoon service at 3 p.m. Sermon by Rev. Charles T. Woods, M.A.,
+principal of Collegiate School.</p>
+
+<p>"Evening service at 6.30 p.m. Sermon by Rev. R. J. Dundas, M.A.,
+minister of St. John&rsquo;s.</p>
+
+<p>"Collections will be made after all services towards the debt still
+on the church.</p>
+
+<p>"On Monday evening, September 17th, a meeting will be held in
+Collegiate School-room at 7 o&rsquo;clock, to arrange and constitute the
+Columbia and Vancouver Diocesan Society, according to the plan
+adopted in the colonies of Great Britain.</p>
+
+<p>"Addresses will be delivered. All friends of the Church of England
+are invited to attend.</p>
+
+<p>"The chair will be taken by the Bishop of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>"On Thursday, September 20th, there will be held a social reunion of
+friends, when subjects of interest connected with social organization
+will be discussed. Admission by ticket, one dollar each. Tea will be
+provided. Proceedings to commence at 6.30 p.m."</p>
+
+<p>The following communication from a gentleman who did his part in
+church work in this island in early days will interest many readers.
+Extract from the <i>Union</i>, London, December 7th, 1860:</p>
+
+<p>"A correspondent in Vancouver Island sends an interesting account of
+the first consecration of a church in that far-off colony by the
+Bishop of Columbia. It is situated at Victoria and is dedicated to
+St. John the <span class="pagenum">p.118</span> Evangelist. It is of wood, encased with corrugated
+iron plates, lined and panelled inside with redwood. It was sent from
+England by the bishop, and placed by him at the disposal of the
+people of Victoria, where a second church was needed. The interior,
+which is stained dark with the fittings, is extremely tasteful. There
+is a beautiful carved stone font, given by a late parishioner of the
+bishop&rsquo;s; a fine organ, also a gift; a bell, altar cloth, and east
+light of stained glass. The consecration took place on September
+13th. There was a numerous congregation, including clerical and
+lay representatives of the Anglo-American Church, who came from
+Washington Territory. The bishop and clergy robed in the vestry, and
+a procession being formed they proceeded round the church to the west
+entrance, where the bishop was received by the Rev. Edward Cridge,
+B.A., the incumbent of Christ Church, his church wardens and a
+committee of laymen, the chief promoters of the work. The petition,
+praying to consecrate the church, having been presented, the bishop
+signified his assent and proceeded up the centre aisle, followed by
+the clergy, the church wardens and committee following. The 24th
+Psalm was recited by the bishop and clergy as they proceeded up the
+church. The bishop took his seat within the altar rails attended by
+his clergy in the north choir seats, the service being full choral,
+and the effect very marked. It was, indeed, a privilege to join in
+such a service ten thousand miles from home. The communion service
+was said by the bishop, the epistle was read by the Rev. D. E.
+Willis, the Gospel by Rev. J. Sheepshanks. The bishop preached from
+Matt. 26:8, 9, subject, "Works of Faith and Love." The offering
+amounted to $358."</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img21">
+<img width="536" height="279" src="images/vi21.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Iron Church.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.119</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">The Jubilee of St. John&rsquo;s.</h4>
+
+<p>Certain misleading remarks having been made at the jubilee of St.
+John&rsquo;s with respect to Christ Church not having been consecrated for
+long after being built, and that it was a log building, etc., I,
+after getting facts from Bishop Cridge and an early resident who
+attended its opening, replied:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>"<i>To the Editor of the Colonist</i>:</p>
+
+<p>"In reviewing the rather interesting article in Sunday&rsquo;s
+<i>Colonist</i> on the jubilee of St. John&rsquo;s Church, which contained
+a deal I had already given some years ago, I noted particularly the
+reference to the first Christ Church, and thought I could throw a
+little light on the matter, especially after a conversation with an
+early resident who attended the first service in the church in 1856.
+The original building that was destroyed by fire was named &lsquo;Christ
+Church&rsquo; by Bishop Cridge, after Christ Church in London, of which he
+was incumbent up to the time of his leaving for Vancouver Island in
+1855.</p>
+
+<p>"After Mr. Cridge had been established here as resident minister and
+chaplain to Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company, Governor Douglas had Christ Church
+built for him, and when the congregation had increased, Mr. Cridge
+wrote to the Bishop of London, telling him that there were twenty
+candidates for confirmation, and asking him what he (Mr. Cridge)
+should do under the circumstances. In reply Mr. Cridge was advised to
+write to Bishop Scott of Oregon, asking him to come to Victoria and
+confirm them. This was done, and Bishop Scott came.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.120</p>
+
+<p>"Thus took place the first confirmation on Vancouver Island, and in
+this &lsquo;unconsecrated church.&rsquo; The church is spoken of as being built
+of logs. This is not so, as it was a frame structure, weather-boarded
+on the outside, and lathed and plastered on the inside, with a stone
+foundation.</p>
+
+<p>"The church had a low tower like a dove-cot with two bells.
+Altogether it was a pretty church. The building was put up by William
+Leigh, an official of the company, under the superintendency of Hon.
+J. D. Pemberton, who drew the plans and was architect. It was opened
+first for public worship in August, 1856, prior to which services
+were held in the fort. Later on, as the gold rush from California
+took place, and thousands came to Victoria, Mr. Cridge, being
+overworked, he (Mr. Cridge) wrote to England to the Church and School
+Society, asking for help. As a result of this appeal, St. John&rsquo;s
+Church was sent out by Miss Burdett-Coutts.</p>
+
+<p>"I might further state that the Catholic Church was established here
+prior to the arrival of Mr. Cridge, and for some time services under
+Bishop Demers were held in the bishop&rsquo;s residence until a church was
+erected. This pioneer of Catholic churches is still in existence,
+having been moved from Humboldt Street south and east of St. Joseph&rsquo;s
+Hospital to the rear of St. Ann&rsquo;s Convent, being there encased in
+brick. As before stated, I was at the laying of the corner-stone of
+St. John&rsquo;s Church in 1860, as also was Mr. Alexander Wilson, of Broad
+Street, and we both remember the occasion, especially the music by
+the fine band of H.M.S. <i>Sutlej</i>. I might here state that what I
+have said has been to throw a little more light on an interesting
+subject."</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.121</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov13">CHAPTER XIII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">THE IRON CHURCH AGAIN.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Woods, daughter of the late Sheriff Woods, and niece of the late
+Archdeacon, has handed me the original notice in the handwriting of
+the late Rev. R. J. Dundas, first rector of St. John&rsquo;s, of the laying
+of the corner-stone of the St. John&rsquo;s Church, reading: "The
+corner-stone of St. John&rsquo;s Church will be laid by His Excellency the
+Governor (James Douglas), on Friday, the 13th April, at 3 o&rsquo;clock
+p.m., 1860." This makes it over forty-six years old. The ceremony was
+performed on a beautiful spring afternoon. A procession was formed at
+the residence of Captain Dodds (which, by the by, is still standing),
+and marched to the site of the church. The magnificent band of H.M.S.
+<i>Sutlej</i> (a line-of-battleship), furnished the music for the
+occasion. No flagship in later days has had such a band, for size or
+excellence. My memory in this particular has been refreshed by a
+fellow-pioneer in Mr. Alexander Wilson, who also attended the
+ceremony. I might state that the oldest church building at the
+present time is the Roman Catholic, which used to stand on Humboldt
+street, and was later removed to the rear of St. Ann&rsquo;s Convent and
+built around with brick. This church antedates even St. John&rsquo;s, as I
+can remember it in 1859. In connection with this old church I have
+heard some fine singing, when Father Brabant, of the West Coast, was
+connected with the <span class="pagenum">p.122</span> church, who was a fine baritone; also Madame
+Beckingham, then a Miss Tissett, Mrs. Fellows and Charles Lombard.
+It was a musical treat indeed. There were other good singers there,
+but these were notable, and they are all alive to-day.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img22">
+<img width="261" height="434" src="images/vi22.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Bishop Garrett.]" />
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Bishop Garrett.</h4>
+
+<p>In connection with the above I have received from Bishop Garrett, who
+was present on the occasion as Rev. A. C. Garrett, a very nice letter
+with his photo, which I think may be of interest to those who
+remember this eloquent divine of the pioneer days of Victoria, and
+who is to-day Bishop of Dallas, Texas:</p>
+
+<p class="dateline">"Dallas, Texas, August 9th, 1906.</p>
+
+<p>"Dear Mr. Fawcett:</p>
+
+<p>"Your letter is here and has my most willing attention. I remember
+your father very well, and yourself, too. I also remember the iron
+church and the old cathedral on the hill very well. I also remember
+an incident which was amusing, in the iron church. Once the great
+archdeacon preached a flowery sermon in St. John&rsquo;s in the morning.
+The evening sermon was preached by the Rev. C. T. Woods, who was out
+in the morning at a mission station. The archdeacon occupied a pew at
+the evening service. When the text was given out he pricked up his
+ears and sat up very straight. The opening sentence was the same as
+that of the morning; and so was the next and the next, even to the
+last! Some of those who had been present in the morning and had
+complimented the Ven. Archdeacon upon his eloquence, began to smile
+and nudged each other. At last the end came. The Ven. Archdeacon <span class="pagenum">p.123</span>
+went into the vestry, where some of the morning flatterers were
+repeating their forenoon praises! At length they left, bursting
+with laughter. Then the archdeacon said: &lsquo;I see that we two donkeys
+have been eating the same cabbage!&rsquo;</p>
+
+<p>"I remember also preaching in that church when the wind howled and
+rattled through the roof in such a way that nothing could be heard.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, you are all greatly changed now&mdash;and so am I. Mrs. Garrett is
+still vigorous, and I am doing a full day&rsquo;s work every day in the
+year.</p>
+
+<p class="sig" style="padding-right:4em;">"Affectionately yours,</p>
+
+<p class="sig sc" style="padding-right:2em;">"Alex. C. Garrett,</p>
+<p class="sig">"Bishop of Dallas."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.124</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov14">CHAPTER XIV.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">ITS DEPARTED GLORIES, OR ESQUIMALT, THEN AND NOW.</p>
+
+<p>The other day I had occasion to go through the town of Esquimalt, to
+the end of the principal street, which runs north and south. It was
+to the north end I went to take a boat to board the cable-ship
+<i>Restorer</i> to see my son off for Honolulu.</p>
+
+<p>I had not been on this spot, that I can remember, for thirty years,
+and I could not but stop and stare and wonder. Could this be the
+Esquimalt I used to know years ago?</p>
+
+<p>I could not but conjure up memories of the past, of Esquimalt&rsquo;s
+departed greatness, bustle and busy life. In 1858, and before my
+time, this was the British Columbia headquarters of the San Francisco
+steamers, as well as the headquarters of the navy. Of the latter
+there were always three or four vessels with nearly always a
+flagship, and such a ship! It seemed like climbing up a hillside as
+you passed tier after tier of guns, and finally reached the upper
+deck.</p>
+
+<p>The steamers running from San Francisco in those days were large
+also, so large that they could not come into Victoria harbor, and the
+<i>Panama</i>, I see by the <i>Colonist</i> of that date, brought
+1,200 passengers on one trip.</p>
+
+<p>Well, to proceed. As I walked down the street I <span class="pagenum">p.125</span> turned from side
+to side, trying to remember who lived in that house, and who in that
+one, in the days that have gone by. Oh! what desolation! What ruin
+and decay! Only about every fourth house was occupied&mdash;the others
+given over to the dull echoes of the past. I looked in several
+windows and saw nothing but emptiness, dust and decay.</p>
+
+<p>Of the notable houses and notable people who formed the population of
+this once important town, there were the residences of Fred.
+Williams, a prominent Mason and Speaker of the Legislature; William
+Arthur, William Sellick and John Howard, hotel and saloon-keepers;
+William Wilby, the mail carrier, with his numerous family; the
+Millingtons and the Dodds. Of John Howard I have already written in
+my description of an early-time Queen&rsquo;s birthday celebration on
+Beacon Hill. John was a great horse fancier, and owned some winners,
+which were generally ridden by the Millington boys. John, with his
+friend, Thomas Harris (first mayor of Victoria), and Captain the Hon.
+Lascelles, R.N., were then kindred spirits, and many a day&rsquo;s sport
+they afforded to the public of Victoria.</p>
+
+<p>After reaching the end of the street and the landing, what did I see
+of the bustle, business and life of forty-nine years ago&mdash;a small
+forest of worm-eaten piles sticking up in the water in front of me.
+They were the remains of a large dock which had been covered with
+warehouses and offices connected with the shipping of the port. The
+late Thomas Trounce, of this city, owned the property and managed it.
+Imagine what the arrival of a large San Francisco steamer with 1,000
+or 1,500 passengers and 1,000 tons of freight on this dock meant? All
+these passengers and all this freight <span class="pagenum">p.126</span> were for Victoria.
+The freight was transferred to small steamers for this city, and
+also carted up by road.</p>
+
+<p>We ourselves landed here from the steamer <i>Northerner</i> with six
+hundred others in February, 1859, and came around to Victoria in a
+small steamer and landed at the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s wharf. There
+were several stages plying also, the fare being "only one dollar."
+The "&rsquo;Squimalt" road of that day was not that of to-day. It branched
+off the present Esquimalt Road at Admiral&rsquo;s Road and ran eastward
+parallel with the present road, climbing up a very steep grade before
+reaching Lampson Street, and then keeping on straight till reaching
+Craigflower Road. Then it branched into the present road again at
+Everett&rsquo;s Exchange. This great change in &rsquo;Squimalt has not taken
+place in late years. The loss of the naval station lately does not
+seem to have made a deal of difference to its appearance. It dates
+back to the "wooden walls" of old England, and the appearance on the
+scene of the ironclad of later years. Whatever was the cause, the
+effect is there, and I suppose good reason could be found for the
+great change. Melancholy it was to me, who had seen the place full of
+life, jollity and laughter as bluejackets and scarlet-coated marines
+by scores landed with plenty of money in their pockets, and maybe
+three days to spend it in. They were soon on the road to Victoria,
+stopping at the wayside houses as they jogged along, singing and
+laughing like a lot of schoolboys let loose from school.</p>
+
+<p>On one of these occasions a laughable incident occurred, as scores of
+these bluejackets and marines passed up Esquimalt Road. A squad or
+more might have been seen walking along, headed by a bluejacket
+playing a <span class="pagenum">p.127</span> lively tune on a fife or tin whistle. One or two were
+dancing to the tune, when all at once the music stopped, as a halt
+was made, the command being "&rsquo;Alt all &rsquo;ands!" They had come opposite
+a wayside house and the sign over the porch&mdash;<em class="sc">saloon</em>&mdash;had attracted
+their attention. One of the sailors had commenced to spell out the
+sign. "What&rsquo;s this blooming sign say? A hess, and a hay and a hell
+and a double ho, and a hen&mdash;saloon! Why blast my blooming h&rsquo;eyes,
+mates, it&rsquo;s a blooming pub! All &rsquo;ands come in and take a drink,"
+and you may be sure "all &rsquo;ands" forthwith filed into the saloon and
+"smiled," to use a Western phrase.</p>
+
+<div class="verse">
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"For Jack&rsquo;s the boy for work,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">And Jack&rsquo;s the boy for play;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">And Jack&rsquo;s the lad,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">When girls are sad,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">To kiss their tears away."</span></div>
+</div>
+
+<p>These good old days of &rsquo;Squimalt, I am afraid, are gone for ever with
+her prestige as a naval station taken from her. Shall we see her rise
+again as a commercial port, as a headquarters of the C.P.R.? Shall
+the echoes of commerce take the place of the echoes of Jack&rsquo;s
+laughter and song? Let us hope so, and so end my little reminiscences
+of &rsquo;Squimalt&rsquo;s early times.</p>
+
+<p>Since writing this I have come across a cutting in my scrap book from
+the <i>Colonist</i> of May 17th, 1870, which gives the account of the
+arrival of the first and only flying squadron (under Admiral Hornby),
+which ever arrived here. By the by, we were promised flying squadrons
+in lieu of stationary squadrons on this station. When is the first to
+arrive? As there was a flagship here with two other vessels, at this
+time, my readers <span class="pagenum">p.128</span> may imagine the number of men in Esquimalt
+harbor at that date; not less than three thousand five hundred, I am
+sure, and how lively this must have made Esquimalt and Victoria. The
+whole population, figuratively speaking, turned out to welcome these
+six vessels as they came in from Race Rocks under full sail. It was
+a beautiful sight. The <i>Zealous</i> (armor-plated), Admiral Farquhar,
+welcomed Admiral Hornby of the <i>Liverpool</i>, flagship of the
+flying squadron.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img23">
+<img width="535" height="422" src="images/vi23.jpg" alt="[Illustration: First bridge over the Gorge.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.129</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov15">CHAPTER XV.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">OLD QUADRA STREET CEMETERY.</p>
+
+<div class="verse">
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"Yet even these bones from insult to protect,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Some frail memorial still erected nigh."</span></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"Each in his narrow cell forever laid,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep."</span></div>
+</div>
+                                 <p style="margin-left:12em">&mdash;Thomas Gray.</p>
+
+<p>I must first apologize for altering two words in this quotation from
+this most beautiful poem that caused the celebrated General Wolfe to
+say that he would rather be the author of it than have taken Quebec.</p>
+
+<p>I am moved to write these lines by the fact that these bones require
+protecting from the vandalism of certain persons unknown, also I have
+been approached by pioneers several times to write about this
+desecration of the last resting-place of our pioneers.</p>
+
+<p>It was in 1859 or early &rsquo;60 that the Quadra Street Cemetery was
+opened, all the bones from the cemetery on Johnson and Douglas
+Streets being exhumed and carried to Quadra Street in carts. I have
+stood several times and watched the operation of digging up and
+carting away of the remains from the first cemetery. It was situated
+on the corner of Johnson and Douglas Streets, the brick building on
+the south-west corner being built on the site, and it must have
+extended into the streets also, as some years later skeletons were
+found by workmen digging trenches for water pipes. There <span class="pagenum">p.130</span> were
+many naval men buried there, and the dates on some of the headboards
+and stones in Quadra Street Cemetery show an earlier date than the
+opening of it, there being two burials from war vessels, one in 1846,
+H. M. S. <i>Cormorant</i>, and one in 1852. These early dates show that
+Her Majesty&rsquo;s vessels were in Esquimalt at that time. Naval men and
+Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s employees were the large majority of those
+buried in the first cemetery. As a boy, I had a great weakness for
+funerals, and living only a block from Quadra Street, I attended
+scores in my day. I naturally liked the naval funerals best, for
+there were soldiers and sailors, and bands of music, with three
+volleys over the grave, so I missed few. The funerals came from
+Esquimalt, generally by water, in large boats propelled by oars,
+and landed at the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s wharf.</p>
+
+<p>By the inscriptions, a large majority were young men and sailors, and
+many were the result of accidents in Esquimalt harbor by drowning.</p>
+
+<p>I well remember the funeral of Captain Bull, of H. M. surveying ship
+<i>Plumper</i>, who died at the age of twenty-seven years, the coffin
+being fastened to a gun carriage and pulled by bluejackets. The state
+of Victoria&rsquo;s streets at that time was such that it required a deal
+of power to propel any vehicle, and especially was this the case with
+Quadra Street. I have often seen a funeral come to a dead standstill
+and the hearse dug out of the mud, as also teams loaded with stones
+for monuments in the cemetery.</p>
+
+<p>We will suppose the hearse has been dug out, and in the cemetery near
+the grave, in many cases men might be seen bailing out the grave, one
+below and one on top; especially was this the case with the Roman
+Catholic ground. And I have known when it was necessary to hold <span class="pagenum">p.131</span>
+the coffin down in the water with shovels or have a man get down and
+stand on the coffin until enough soil was thrown on it to keep it
+down. What must the friends have thought at this time, as the dirty
+water was forcing its way into the coffin? In the majority of burials
+there was no grave-case, which helped to make matters worse.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img24">
+<img width="451" height="433" src="images/vi24.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Quadra Street Cemetery.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>I have always paid periodical visits to this cemetery, the chief
+reason being that my mother was buried there when I was fifteen years
+old. She expressed a wish to be carried to her grave instead of being
+taken in a hearse, and it was the first instance I can remember in
+Victoria, although it may have been done earlier.</p>
+
+<p>Both Bishops Cridge and Garrett, the clergymen who conducted the
+burial services over her, are alive to-day.</p>
+
+<p>Some four years ago, I had a marble headstone put on her grave, which
+was enclosed with a fence, and last fall I saw it there although
+buried in weeds. A few weeks ago a lady friend asked me if my
+mother&rsquo;s name was Jane; for that she had, in walking through the
+cemetery, come across a stone which must have been hers. I went up to
+investigate, and after some hours&rsquo; search found the stone, but the
+enclosure was gone, and I had a time locating the grave, to replace
+the stone. In compiling the information given in this article, I made
+many visits lately, and I can say that it is a disgrace to a
+civilized community to have the last resting-place of Victoria&rsquo;s
+pioneers in such a condition&mdash;marble and sandstone monuments lying in
+all directions, broken either by falling over naturally, or with
+rocks by some vandal.</p>
+
+<p>It is a mistake to suppose that there are few remaining relations of
+these long-buried dead. At least there are fifty per cent. of them
+represented by relations to-day, as I shall show later on, and I hope
+the state of <span class="pagenum">p.132</span> affairs as here related, may cause them to move at
+once to right matters.</p>
+
+<p>I might say that the individual plots were owned outright by the
+relations, and others, for they have certain title to them.
+Individual comments are made on all those that I know or knew of, and
+several large, heavy stones I could not lift to get inscriptions, as
+they lay on their face. In several cases wood headboards have
+outlived stone, the inscription on the former being more legible than
+the stone. The action of the elements in many cases has entirely
+erased some, especially from sandstone, although newer than the wood
+boards.</p>
+
+<p>One of the inscriptions I have read many a time as being quaint, was
+so far as I can remember, thus:</p>
+
+<div class="verse">
+<div class="stanza">
+   <span class="i0">".&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Physicians were in vain;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Till Christ did please to give her ease, release from all her pain."</span></div>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+<li>John S. Titcombe, pilot; monument erected by I. O. O. F.; died 1869,
+aged 41 years.</li>
+
+<li>Matthew Hollow, died Feb. 28, 1871, aged 39 years; erected by
+Victoria Lodge, I. O. O. F.</li>
+
+<li>Thos. Pritchard, died Oct. 31, 1883, aged 79; also Margaret his wife,
+died Dec. 3, 1871, 64 years. Note&mdash;This is the most pretentious
+monument in the cemetery. They leave grandchildren.</li>
+
+<li>James Orr, died 1871, aged 32 years; buried by St. Andrew&rsquo;s Masons
+and I. O. O. F.</li>
+
+<li>Alice Heathcote, wife of J. W. Hutchinson, jailer; died March 30,
+1868, aged 27 years.</li>
+
+<li>Margaret Langley, wife of Edward Langley; died 1866; leaves
+relatives.</li>
+
+<li>James McCulloch, engineer steamer <i>Sir James <span class="pagenum">p.133</span> Douglas</i>; died April 2,
+1870, aged 46; also Margaret, wife of above, died Dec. 3, 1871, aged
+64 years; also Wm. M. Doran, mate of same ship, who was accidentally
+drowned in Victoria harbor, July 7, 1868, aged 45 years; erected by
+officers and men of steamer.</li>
+
+<li>Jessie Russell, wife of Robt. J. Russell (Russell&rsquo;s Station); died
+Aug. 29, 1860, aged 42.</li>
+
+<li>John Wilkie, Wharf Street merchant; died April 28, 1871, aged 38
+years.</li>
+
+<li>James Murray Reid (Reid &amp; Macdonald), partner of Senator Macdonald,
+and father of Mrs. W. J. Macdonald.</li>
+
+<li>James Hepburn, died April 16, 1869; 58 years.</li>
+
+<li>Nathaniel Milby Hicks, clerk C. M. C., died Oct. 31, 1870, age 52.
+(Member of first municipal council Victoria city.)</li>
+
+<li>Capt. John W. Waitt, father of late M. W. Waitt; died 1870, aged 67.</li>
+
+<li>Frederick and Arthur&mdash;children of Mrs. J. W. Williams.</li>
+
+<li>Thos. Carter, of Hillside Farm, died 1869, aged 52 years; was husband
+of Mrs. C. Booth (and father of William Carter, provincial assessor&rsquo;s
+office). Note&mdash;Mr. Carter contracted a bad cold in the cemetery at
+the funeral of a brother Mason, and was heard to remark in an
+undertone to a friend as he was looking down into the grave, "And who
+will be the next?" Strange to say, he himself was the next, for
+within ten days his brother Masons met there to bury him.</li>
+
+<li>Mrs. Harriet Jameson; died 1868, aged 18 years.</li>
+
+<li>John Work, Chief Factor of H. B. Co., died Dec. 22, 1861, aged 70;
+and his son, Henry, died June 19, 1856, aged 12 years. (John Work was
+well known to all old-timers.) <span class="pagenum">p.134</span></li>
+
+<li>Cecilia, wife of J. S. Helmcken, M.D., died Feb. 4, 1865, aged 30
+years; also Douglas Claude, died Jan. 17, 1854, aged 3 months;
+Margaret Jane, died March &mdash;, 18 months; also Ogilvy Roderick, died
+March 5, 1 month&mdash;children of the above. (The wife of Dr. J. S. and
+mother of Dr. J. D. and H. D. Helmcken, and Mrs. &mdash; McTavish and Mrs.
+Higgins.)</li>
+
+<li>Martha Coles; died March 13, 1865, aged 30 years.</li>
+
+<li>Geo. Hooper; died March 15, 1865, aged 53 years.</li>
+
+<li>Jane Neely; died April 1, 1865, aged 28.</li>
+
+<li>Wm. Brooke Naylor; died Oct. 2, 1866, aged 42; sheriff of Vancouver
+Island. (Has a son here, Brooke Naylor.)</li>
+
+<li>Cecilia Cameron, wife of David Cameron, C. J. of colony; died Nov.
+26, 1859; also David Cameron, C. J., died May 14, 1872, aged 68
+years.</li>
+
+<li>Jno. Walton; died June 17, 1867, aged 55 years.</li>
+
+<li>Abner H. Francis; died &mdash; 25, 1872, aged 59 years.</li>
+
+<li>Chas W. Wallace, died March 13, 1865, aged 65; Jane Adison, died Feb.
+5, 1854, aged 25 years; Kate, died July 11, 1869; Abby, died April 2,
+1866; Edward, died Jan. 22, 1864; Charlie, died July 19, 1867&mdash;wife,
+children, father and sister of Charles W. Wallace (father of Mrs. E.
+E. Blackwood).</li>
+
+<li>Mary Kamopiopio, wife of Wm. R. Kaule Lelehe; died Dec. 20, 1865, age
+16. (Native of Hawaii.)</li>
+
+<li>Henry Courtenay; born Oct. 27, 1869, died Sept. 14, 1871; 2 years.
+(Drowned at Burrard Inlet.)</li>
+
+<li>Helen Amelia Dallas; born Feb. 20, 1859, died Jan. 24, 1860.
+(Granddaughter of Sir James Douglas.)</li>
+
+<li>Barbara, wife of Thomas Mann; age 25 years.</li>
+
+<li>Mary F. Semple; died Oct. 4, 1866; 1 year 10 months.</li>
+
+<li>Wm. Honey; died Dec. 3, 1866, age 54 years.</li>
+
+<li>Caroline Harrey Ewing; died June 3, 1864, aged 45 years. <span class="pagenum">p.135</span></li>
+
+<li>Lucinda Mary, wife of Robert Grienslade; died Dec. 6, 1868, age 18
+years.</li>
+
+<li>Harriet, wife of Thomas James; died Oct. 19, 1868, aged 18 years.</li>
+
+<li>James Wilson Trahey; died Dec. 2, 1868; 38 years.</li>
+
+<li>Isaac Cameron; died Feb. 6, 1870; 29 years.</li>
+
+<li>John B. McClearn; died Jan. 29, 1870, age 42.</li>
+
+<li>Andrew Phillips; died Jan. 24, 1870, age 10 years.</li>
+
+<li>Bridget, wife of Timothy Roberts; died Nov. 7, 1872, age 40 years.</li>
+
+<li>John Bowes Thompson; died Aug. 6, 1870, age 49.</li>
+
+<li>Hy. Francis Lee; died June 22, 1872, age 36 years.</li>
+
+<li>Charlotte Dandridge; died March 7, 1863, age 70 years.</li>
+
+<li>B. A. Wolsey. (Erected by her father.)</li>
+
+<li>Hugh Cavin Walker; died May 16, 1868, age 26 years.</li>
+
+<li>Freddy, child of J. W. and M. A. Williams; died March 31, 1870, age 4
+years.</li>
+
+<li>Wm. Emery; died May 2, 1871, age 33 years.</li>
+
+<li>C. A. Schmid; died Nov. 29, 1871, age 48 years.</li>
+
+<li>Charlotte, wife of John Holden; died March, 1863, age 28 years.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Naval Corner.</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Monument erected to officers and men of H. M. S. <i>Satellite</i>&mdash;Daniel
+Evans, John Stanton, James Butland, John Willmore, Richard Stone,
+all drowned June 6, 1860; Wm. Brewer, died 1856; John Blackler, died
+1859; Wm. Kett, died 1859; Richard Brown, died 1857; William Stout,
+died 1858; William Bell, died 1858; George Kembery, died 1860.</li>
+
+<li>Monument to men of H. M. S. <i>Sutlej</i>&mdash;George Lush, John Guff,
+Edward Tiller, Joseph Neckless, died 1863 and 1864. <span class="pagenum">p.136</span></li>
+
+<li>Monument to Benjamin Topp, H. M. S. <i>Cormorant</i>; died Oct. 22,
+1846, age 40.</li>
+
+<li>John Miller, H. M. S. <i>Thetis</i>, drowned in Esquimalt harbor June
+3, 1852, age 22; W. R. Plummer, H. M. S. <i>Thetis</i>, age 23; James
+Smith, H. M. S. <i>Thetis</i>, age 31; Charles Parsons, H. M. S.
+<i>Thetis</i>, age 35&mdash;all drowned between Esquimalt and Victoria
+harbors, Aug. 22, 1852. Note&mdash;This headboard is wood, and although
+nearly 50 years old, is in splendid preservation, painted white with
+black letters, which stand out as plain as the day they were put on.</li>
+
+<li>Monument to men of H. M. S. <i>Plumper</i>&mdash;James D. Trewin, died
+June 12, 1858, age 32 years; George Williams, Feb. 4, 1858, age 37
+years.</li>
+
+<li>Monument to William Johnson, H. M. S. <i>Hecate</i>; died Jan. 3, 1862.</li>
+
+<li>Monument to men of H. M. S. <i>Sutlej</i>; died 1864 and 1866&mdash;Thomas
+Depnall, John Reese, George Crute, William Douglas, Albert Gilbert,
+Alexander Borthwick.</li>
+
+<li>Monument to men of H. M. S. <i>Tribune</i>, 1865.</li>
+
+<li>Chief Engineer of H. M. S. <i>Sparrowhawk</i>; died 1866.</li>
+
+<li>Paymaster of H. M. S. <i>Devastation</i>; died 1864.</li>
+
+<li>Engineer of H. M. S. <i>Topaz</i>; died 1861.</li>
+
+<li>Commander Robson, of H. M. Gunboat <i>Forward</i>; died 1861, from
+effects of fall from his horse.</li>
+
+<li>Engineer Charlton; died 1861. (Accidentally shot himself.)</li>
+
+<li>Captain John A. Bull, master of H. M. surveying vessel
+<i>Plumper</i>; died &mdash;, 1860, age 27 years.</li>
+
+<li>Granite monument to Edwin Evans, only son of Rev. E. Evans, D.D., age
+20 years.<br />
+
+I have already given an account of this young man&rsquo;s death and burial
+in one of my former reminiscences; how he was drowned off Beacon Hill
+one December day. <span class="pagenum">p.137</span> He undressed and swam out after a duck he had
+shot, got caught in the kelp and was drowned, his poor father walking
+up and down the beach all that night, calling "Edwin! Edwin! My son!"
+He was buried in a snowstorm, and great sympathy was shown by the
+public, by the crowds which filled the cemetery that day. Dr. Evans
+was Methodist minister when the church was built that is now being
+demolished.</li>
+
+<li>Monument to Frederick Pemberton, Edward Scott, Eber and Grace, the
+four children of Bishop Cridge, who all died within two months, from
+diphtheria, in 1864&ndash;5; also his sister, Miss Cridge.</li>
+
+<li>Jane, aged 47, wife of Thomas Lea Fawcett, and mother of Rowland,
+Edgar and Arthur Fawcett, the latter of London, Eng.; died January,
+1864.</li>
+
+<li>Thomas H. Botterell; died 1866, age 27 years.</li>
+
+<li>Eliza A., daughter of George and Isabella Simpson; died 1872, aged 16
+years 8 months (sister of George Simpson, H. M. customs.)</li>
+
+<li>James Murray Yale, chief trader, H. B. Co.; died May 7, 1871, age 71
+years.</li>
+
+<li>Charlotte B., wife of Joseph Corin; died July 12, 1863, age 24 years.
+(She was the wife of partner of Charles Hayward.)</li>
+
+<li>Elizabeth Caroline, wife of Edward G. Alston; died January, 1865, age
+27 years. (Mr. Alston was registrar-general.)</li>
+
+<li>Charlotte, wife of John Dutnall (John Dutnall was sexton of Christ
+Church, and formerly in charge of one of the H. B. Co.&rsquo;s farms. Has a
+brother at Albert Head, farming.)</li>
+
+<li>Antonia Hernandez; died March 22, 1862, age 32 years. <span class="pagenum">p.138</span></li>
+
+<li>Henry Proctor Seelie, of London, England; died July 23, 1864, age 24
+years.</li>
+
+<li>Cecil, fourth son of G. T. Gordon; died April 20, 1861, age 5 years 4
+months.</li>
+
+<li>Anna Maria, widow of the late William Yardly; died March 5, 1864, age
+59 years. (Mother of Mrs. Hy. Wootton.)</li>
+
+<li>Samuel Hocking; died Sept. 15, 1862, age 37 years 8 months.</li>
+
+<li>Louis Richards, native of Cornwall; died Oct. 21, 1872, age 21 years.</li>
+
+<li>James Brown, of Kingston, Canada; died Feb. 9, 1873, age 37 years.</li>
+
+<li>Alexander Deans; died October, 1858, age 17 months.</li>
+
+<li>Mary Jane Deans; died July 8, 1868, age 5 years.</li>
+
+<li>John Spence; died Sept. 29, 1865, age 67 years.</li>
+
+<li>Mrs. Johnson, wife of J. H. Johnson, engineer H. B. Co. steamer
+<i>Beaver</i>; died Dec. 22, 1858. (Johnson Street named after him.)</li>
+
+<li>George Leggatt&mdash;headstone is illegible.</li>
+
+<li>Barbara, wife of Thomas Mann; age 25 years.</li>
+
+<li>John Miles; died January, 1861; age 35 years.</li>
+
+<li>William Wallis; died Jan. 3, 1862.</li>
+
+<li>Ann Sayward; died August 17, 1870, age 46 years. (Mother of Walter
+Chambers and Joseph Sayward.)</li>
+
+<li>James Chambers; died Dec. 7, 1859 (father of Walter Chambers), age 38
+years.</li>
+
+<li>Joseph Austen; died July 2, 1871, age 89 years. (A pioneer of 1858,
+and also of San Francisco, where he was a prominent member of the
+"vigilance committee." When he was made a judge, sentenced men to
+death during the stirring times of the early fifties in that city.)</li>
+
+<li>John Parks; died June 6, 1862, age 27 years. <span class="pagenum">p.139</span></li>
+
+<li>Millicent Page, wife of William Page; died Feb. 19, 1864, age 55
+years.</li>
+
+<li>Kenneth Nicholson; died Nov. 10, 1863, aged 35.</li>
+
+<li>John Sparks, killed by explosion on steamer <i>Cariboo</i>, Aug. 2,
+1861, age 28 years.</li>
+
+<li>John Murray; died May 6, 1872, age 44 years.</li>
+
+<li>William Henry Downes; died June 17, 1872, age 47 years.</li>
+
+<li>Thomas, son of W. H. and A. J. Huxtable; died Feb. 8, 1869, age 4
+years 9 months.</li>
+
+<li>Anne, wife of Joseph H. Brown; died Aug. 16, 1871, age 31 years.</li>
+
+<li>Jos. H. Brown; died July, 1869, age 39 years.</li>
+
+<li>William and Edith, two children of William B. and Eliza Townsend;
+died in 1868 and 1871. (William B. Townsend was mayor of
+Westminster.)</li>
+
+<li>Hannah, second daughter of John and Christiana Kinsman; died Feb. 26,
+1865, age 7 years. (Daughter of the late Alderman Kinsman.)</li>
+
+<li>Agnes Laumeisler; died Sept. 4, 1861, age 36 years.</li>
+
+<li>Cecil Montague, second son of W. A. G. Young; died June 22, 1865, age
+5 years. (Mr. Young was colonial secretary in 1865.)</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Roman Catholic Section.</h4>
+
+<p>There are very few of the monuments left standing here. Besides those
+naturally destroyed by time, many have been broken by stones into
+many pieces.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Carroll monument.&mdash;This, the second largest and costliest in the
+cemetery, has been very badly used, but it is also one of the oldest.
+Erected by Ellen Carroll, in memory of her beloved husband, John D.
+Carroll, died July 11, 1862, age 38; also in memory of her beloved <span class="pagenum">p.140</span>
+babes, George Washington, born Feb. 22, 1860, died same day; John
+Thomas, born July 26, died same day; Mary Margaret, born Sept. 29,
+1862, and died same day. (Who could blame this bereaved wife and
+mother if she didn&rsquo;t long remain a widow?)</li>
+
+<li>Sosthenes Driard, a native of France, born 1819, died Feb. 15, 1873.
+(This marble stone was in several pieces, and difficult to read, but
+I persevered, as he was so well-known a man in early days, as mine
+host of the Colonial Hotel and afterwards of the Driard House.)</li>
+
+<li>Marie Manciet; died Oct. &mdash;, 1868, age 21 years.</li>
+
+<li>Mary Hall; died May 31, 1860, age 40 years. (This headboard is one of
+the best preserved in the cemetery; the black letters stand out as
+clear and bright as if just executed, but the white paint has nearly
+disappeared.)</li>
+
+<li>W. L. Williams; died Dec. 17, 1862, age 20 years.</li>
+
+<li>Jane Forbes; died July 22, 1859, age 26 years.</li>
+
+<li>John Clarke; died Dec. 27, 1860, age 31 years.</li>
+
+<li>James Farrelly; died Jan. &mdash;, 1866, age 28 years.</li>
+
+<li>Maria Ragazzoni; died &mdash;, 1864.</li>
+
+<li>Marie Newburger, died &mdash;, 1861, age 12 years.</li>
+
+<li>Dr. N. M. Clerjon; died Feb. 25, 1861; age 53 years.</li>
+
+<li>To the memory of my darling little Eva, who died July 14, 1863, age 7
+years and 5 months; also her infant brother, age 3 days. J. S.
+Drummond (on a large flat stone.)</li>
+
+<li>Charles H. Blenkinsop, H. B. Co.; died March 22, 1864.</li>
+
+<li>Sacred to the memory of John Wood, from his wife&mdash;1864. Note&mdash;This is
+one of the best preserved headstones and enclosures in the cemetery,
+the latter being of iron, and 43 years old. My friend, Mr. Higgins,
+in his book "The Mystic Spring," gives the story of this <span class="pagenum">p.141</span> clever
+actor, and his wife also, so I will not enlarge on it.</li>
+
+<li>John Sparks, age 28 years; killed by the explosion of steamer
+<i>Cariboo</i>, Aug. 2, 1861.</li>
+
+<li>Smith Baird Jamieson, killed by the explosion of steamer
+<i>Yale</i>&mdash;April, 1861; Archibald Jamieson, and James Baird
+Jamieson, killed by the explosion of steamer <i>Cariboo</i> in
+Victoria harbor, Aug. 2, 1861, three brothers, sons of Robert
+Jamieson, Brodick, Isle of Arran, Scotland.&mdash;I refer my readers to
+Mr. Higgins&rsquo; book for the story of these brothers also. I remember
+the morning of the explosion of the <i>Cariboo</i>. It woke up the
+whole town. I think her bones lie in the mud alongside Turpel&rsquo;s ways
+in Songhees reserve.</li>
+
+<li>William Alexander Mouat, chief trader H. B. Co.; died April 11, 1871,
+aged 50 years; also Clarissa Elizabeth, daughter of the above, age 8
+years. (Father of Mrs. Richard Jones.)</li>
+
+<li>Eleanor M. Johnston; died Feb. 27, 1872.</li>
+
+<li>Elizabeth A. Kennedy; born at Fort Simpson, Nov. 1835, died at Fort
+Victoria, February, 1850; also Dr. John Kennedy, chief trader, H. B.
+Co., died 1859, age 52 years; also Fanny Kennedy, age 25 years; James
+B. Ogilvy, died Dec. 23, 1860, aged 5 years; John D. B. Ogilvy,
+Victoria Lodge, No. 783, F. &amp; A. M., age 30 years; died May 12, 1865.
+(Father, mother, daughter and nephew, and Dr. Kennedy had two sons,
+one master of the Colonial school in 1859, and one clerk in H. B.
+Co.&rsquo;s store.)</li>
+
+<li>William Wright; died July &mdash;, 1870, age 53 years.</li>
+
+<li>John Hender Wood, master of ship <i>Ellen</i>; died May 12, 1868, age
+41 years.</li>
+
+<li>George H. Booth; died Sept. 1, 1867, age 1 year 8 <span class="pagenum">p.142</span> months.
+(Wood headboard is in good state of preservation.)</li>
+
+<li>Henry Francis Lee; died June 22, 1872, age 36 years.</li>
+
+<li>Mary Ann Dougherty; died Sept. 5, 1863.</li>
+
+<li>Paul Medana; died Nov. 14, 1868.</li>
+
+<li>James Webster; died Sept. 15, 1862, age 37 years 8 months.</li>
+
+<li>Millicent Page, wife of Wm. Page; died Feb. 19, 1864, age 55 years.</li>
+
+<li>Kenneth Nicholson; died Nov. 10, 1863, age 35 years.</li>
+
+<li>Charles Dodd (Chief Factor H. B. Co.); died June 2, 1860, age 52
+years.</li>
+
+<li>Eleanor M. Johnston; died June 2, 1860.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Victoria&rsquo;s First Cemetery.</h4>
+
+<p>The finding of the skeletons in the excavation of Johnson Street this
+week, recalls the last find nearby, a few years ago, in laying
+waterpipes on Douglas Street, and I find, in referring to an article
+I wrote five years ago on clippings from the <i>Victoria Gazette</i>,
+Victoria&rsquo;s first newspaper, that "the Council have ordered the
+removal of the bodies from the cemetery on Johnson Street to the new
+cemetery on Quadra." I can well remember seeing this removal; the
+bones where the bodies were not entire being thrown into carts, and
+taken to the Quadra Street Cemetery. I might state that with the
+exception of a few Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s employees, those buried
+there were men from Her Majesty&rsquo;s fleet at Esquimalt. This may seem
+a long time ago for vessels of war to be at Esquimalt, but by the
+tombstones in Quadra Street Cemetery, I find there were some of the
+seamen from H. M. S. <i>Cormorant</i> <span class="pagenum">p.143</span> buried in 1846. One of these was
+Benjamin Topp, and also John Miller, of H. M. S. <i>Thetis</i>, who
+were drowned in Esquimalt harbor; also W. R. Plummer, James Smith,
+and Charles Parsons, all drowned between Esquimalt and Victoria,
+August 22, 1852; also James D. Trewin and George Williams, February
+4th, 1858. These were all removed to Quadra Street the following
+year.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.144</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov16">CHAPTER XVI.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">PIONEER SOCIETY&rsquo;S BANQUET.</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Some Reminiscences.</h4>
+
+<p>On the 28th April, 1871, or forty-one years ago, a meeting was held
+in Smith&rsquo;s Hall, which was situated in the building now occupied by
+Hall and Gospel on Government Street. The meeting was called to
+organize a society of the pioneers of British Columbia, and
+especially of Victoria. Among those present, and one who took a
+prominent part in its work, was William P. Sayward. By the death of
+this pioneer I am the sole remaining member of those who founded the
+society. By Mr. Sayward&rsquo;s death this city and province loses a man
+whom any city would be proud of. Knowing him as I had from boyhood, I
+can speak feelingly. He was one of the kindest-hearted men, a man who
+had no enemies that I ever heard of, but hosts of friends. Who ever
+went to him for charity and was refused? Who ever asked forgiveness
+of a debt and was repulsed? Although he was victimized many times, in
+his case virtue was its own reward. From small beginnings, when the
+lumber business was first started on Humboldt Street, on the shores
+of James Bay, to the present time, the Sayward business has gone on
+prospering, having been built on a firm foundation by a kindly and
+honest man, who in February, 1905, passed from our sight to a better
+life. The society elected as its first <span class="pagenum">p.145</span> officers the following:
+President, John Dickson; vice-president, Jules Rueff; treasurer,
+E. Grancini; secretary, Edgar Fawcett; directors, W. P. Sayward,
+H. E. Wilby, Alexander Young, and Sosthenes Driard. Long may the
+society continue. Mr. Sayward&rsquo;s son, Joseph, has since his father&rsquo;s
+death disposed of the business, of which he became the owner, to
+a large corporation, and has retired from business, one of our
+wealthy men.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img25">
+<img width="260" height="415" src="images/vi25.jpg" alt="[Portrait: William P. Sayward.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Nothing better illustrates what I feel to-day, as the last of the
+charter members who met together at Smith&rsquo;s Hall, on Government
+Street, over Hall &amp; Gospel&rsquo;s office, on the 28th April, 1871, than
+the following lines from my favorite poet, Thomas Moore:</p>
+
+<div class="verse">
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"Oft in the stilly night,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Ere slumber&rsquo;s chain has bound me,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Fond memory brings the light</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Of other days around me.</span></div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"When I remember all</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">The friends so linked together</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">I&rsquo;ve seen around me fall,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Like leaves in wintry weather.</span></div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"I feel like one who treads alone</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Some banquet hall deserted;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Whose lights are fled, whose garlands dead&mdash;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">And all but he departed."</span></div>
+</div>
+
+<p>I have applied this to my visit to Smith&rsquo;s Hall, of which I shall
+tell you. Since the death of my old friend, William P. Sayward, some
+months ago, I have reflected often on the fact that I was the last of
+that little band. The other night I woke up, and remained awake for <span class="pagenum">p.146</span>
+some time; and my thoughts wandered to pioneer days, and from that to
+the gathering of pioneers this year, which, I understood, was to be
+a more extended gathering than usual. I thought I should like to be
+there for the sake of old times, but could not make up my mind to
+brave the disagreeable weather at this time of year.</p>
+
+<p>After considering the matter, I decided to write, if I did not go;
+and, further, I decided to pay a visit to Smith&rsquo;s Hall first. So next
+morning I called on Mr. Kinsman, who kindly showed me upstairs, and
+over the old place. I might well say, "the old place," for it looked
+old and deserted, like the banquet hall spoken of by Moore.</p>
+
+<p>With my mind&rsquo;s eye I pictured the scene of thirty-five years ago&mdash;I
+was at the hall early, being enthusiastic on the subject, and noted
+each well-known face as the guests came up the stairs and took their
+seats, until about forty had collected.</p>
+
+<p>There was Thomas Harris, who had been the first mayor of the city. He
+was very stout, and complained of the exertion in climbing up the
+stairs, which was passed off as a joke, of course.</p>
+
+<p>There was Major McDonell, a retired army officer; Robert H. Austen, a
+pioneer of San Francisco, whose uncle, Judge Austen (an early
+resident), had been a prominent member of the "vigilance committee"
+of San Francisco in the early fifties, when men were tried by that
+committee, condemned to death, and hanged, as I myself was a witness
+to on two occasions.</p>
+
+<p>There was William P. Sayward, the father of Joseph Sayward, and one
+of the best men Victoria ever produced; Patrick McTiernan, a
+well-known business man; Captain Gardner, one of Victoria&rsquo;s pilots;
+Henry E. Wilby, father of the Messrs. Wilby of Douglas Street, <span class="pagenum">p.147</span>
+who was Portuguese Consul, and a resident of Esquimalt; Jules Rueff
+and E. Grancini, both Wharf Street merchants; Andrew C. Elliott, a
+barrister, and afterwards premier of the province; Honore Passerard,
+a Frenchman and property holder of Johnson Street; Robert Ridley, who
+claimed he was the original "Old Bob Ridley" who crossed the plains
+to San Francisco in &rsquo;49; Felix Leslonis, the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s
+cooper, who was a Frenchman, and used to sing a song called "Beau
+Nicolas" at charity concerts, and usually brought down the house.</p>
+
+<p>There was S. Driard, another Frenchman, and proprietor of the Driard
+House, and who being, like Mayor Harris, very corpulent and
+asthmatic, complained, like him, of the "upper room"; James Wilcox,
+the proprietor of Royal Hotel, now proved to have been the "second"
+brick hotel built in Victoria; William Spence, a contractor, and
+after whom Spence&rsquo;s Rock was named; John Dickson, the tinsmith and
+hardware man of Yates Street&mdash;a quiet, goodhearted man, an American;
+James Lowe, a Wharf Street merchant, of Lowe Bros.; Frank Campbell,
+of "Campbell&rsquo;s Corner"&mdash;genial, goodhearted Frank, a man without an
+enemy; Thomas L. Stahlschmidt, of Henderson &amp; Burnaby, Wharf Street
+merchants, and father of Mr. Stahlschmidt, of R. Ward &amp; Co.</p>
+
+<p>There were Robert Burnaby, already mentioned; J. B. Timmerman,
+accountant and real estate agent, a Frenchman; Benjamin P. Griffin,
+mine host of the Boomerang, who had been a friend of my father&rsquo;s in
+Sydney, Australia, and was accountant in a bank there; and lastly,
+your humble servant, who was secretary of the meeting. There were
+others present, but they did not see fit to become members, among
+them being Ben Griffin.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.148</p>
+
+<p>As I said before, they passed in review before me as I stood there
+thinking; and to-day I think no one lives to tell the tale of that
+gathering.</p>
+
+<p>I am fully in accord with the suggestion that there be a reunion of
+all pioneers of early Victoria; but I think it should be in the
+summer, when as many as possible could be there, and it might be made
+very interesting by a recital of the personal recollections of those
+present. I should like to hear Mr. Higgins, for I am sure he has not
+yet told all he knows of the early history of Victoria.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.149</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov17">CHAPTER XVII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">VICTORIA DISTRICT CHURCH.</p>
+
+<p>I read with a great deal of pleasure the article on Christ Church by
+Canon Beanlands. These reminiscences of former days in Victoria have
+a charm for me that is not easy to describe. More particularly is
+this the case in the present instance, as my very earliest
+recollections of this fair city are connected with Victoria District
+Church. My mother was a devout church woman, and I attended her in
+her frequent and regular attendance. She encouraged me to join the
+choir as a boy in 1861 and taught me music, and my first position in
+the church in connection with its musical services was as organ
+blower. I afterwards took my seat with the adults, singing treble,
+then alto and tenor, and I have now the treble score of several
+anthems copied by myself at that time.</p>
+
+<p>I shall now describe the church as I remember it in 1859 and 1862.
+The inside was an oblong square. The entrance was at the south-west
+corner, and there was a gallery across the west end, where the old
+organ and the choir were then situated. Under this gallery were pews,
+one of which was occupied by our family. The vestry was at the
+south-west corner, and had entrance from under the gallery as well as
+from outside. The inside of the building was lathed and plastered.
+There was a low tower at the south-west corner, dovecote shaped,
+where the pigeons made their nests and brought forth their young.
+There were two bells in the tower, <span class="pagenum">p.150</span> one larger than the other,
+which when rung sounded ding-dong, ding-dong three times a day,
+morning, afternoon and evening of Sunday, and also Wednesday
+evenings. A plan shows a square contrivance opposite the entrance.
+This was Governor Douglas&rsquo; pew, and was occupied by the Governor and
+his family regularly each Sunday morning. He walked down the aisle in
+his uniform in the most dignified manner, and led the congregation in
+the responses in an audible voice. By the plan an organ and choir are
+shown in the gallery as well as one in the chancel, but the dates
+1859 and 1862 explain that in 1862 there was a new organ, and the old
+one removed, and the gallery done away with. It was in this gallery
+my services commenced as organ blower, and the only one I can now
+remember as singing in the choir at that early date was John Butts, a
+young man lately from Australia. He had a nice tenor voice, and was
+very regular in attendance for some time, until he fell from grace.
+He was the town crier afterwards and a noted character. Mr. Higgins
+speaks of him in the "Mystic Spring."</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img26">
+<img width="389" height="272" src="images/vi26.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Victoria district church.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>One Sunday morning in 1862 or 1863, while Bishop Hills was preaching,
+a man walked into the church and cried out, "My Lord, the church is
+on fire!" Judge Pemberton, one of the officers of the church, with
+others got on to the ceiling through a manhole above the gallery, and
+walked on the rafters to where the fire was located. He missed his
+footing and came through the lath and plaster, but luckily did not
+fall to the floor below, but, like Mahomet&rsquo;s coffin, hung suspended
+by his arms until rescued from above. The congregation were soon
+outside, and with willing help the fire was soon extinguished. The
+church was built and opened in August, 1856, under the supervision of
+Mr. William Leigh, who was in charge of Uplands Farm, <span class="pagenum">p.151</span> Cadboro
+Bay, and was in the service of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company. Mr. Leigh
+was a man of very good attainments, being a good musician and
+contributing to the various entertainments of those days, when
+regular entertainments by professionals were few and far between. He
+subsequently was City Clerk, being the second to hold that position,
+after Mr. Nathaniel M. Hicks, who was appointed clerk on the city
+being incorporated. Mr. Hicks is buried in Quadra Street Cemetery,
+and his headstone is in evidence to-day as a mute appeal to our city
+fathers to put the place in order. I might say that Mr. Leigh was the
+father of a numerous family, but I believe, with the exception of a
+son, Ernest, who resides in San Francisco, and a granddaughter, Mrs.
+George Simpson, who resides here, all have passed away.</p>
+
+<p>Victoria District church was destroyed by fire in 1869, one evening
+about 10 o&rsquo;clock, the alarm being given by a Catholic priest on his
+way home, who with Mr. James Kennedy (who lived with me), was passing
+over the hill. Of the early pioneer clergy connected with the church,
+Mr. Cridge, the incumbent, was first; then Bishop Hills; the Rev. R.
+J. Dundas, afterward rector of St. John&rsquo;s; Rev. Alexander C. Garrett,
+now Bishop of Dallas, Texas, and Rev. George Crickmer, who
+subsequently was sent to Langley or Yale.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img27">
+<img width="264" height="424" src="images/vi27.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Bishop George Hills.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The organ used up to 1861 or 1862 was situated in the gallery, and
+had three barrels, each of ten tunes, so that thirty tunes was the
+limit. Mr. Seeley, who owned the Australian House, which stood until
+lately at the north end of the Causeway, was an attendant at the
+church, and being an organ-builder undertook to improvise a keyboard
+attachment for this barrel organ. This keyboard was used on Sunday
+mornings and on special occasions by Mrs. Atwood (Mrs. T. Sidney
+Wilson of St. Charles Street.) At evening services the <span class="pagenum">p.152</span> music
+was produced by the barrels, worked by a handle, and the writer on
+these occasions was the "organist." An amusing incident occurred one
+Sunday evening when I, forgetting the number of verses of a hymn to
+be sung, stopped playing, and the congregation commenced another
+verse. Seeing that I had made an error I began again two notes
+behind. This made confusion worse confounded, as may be supposed, but
+having commenced I continued to the end of the verse. This being the
+closing hymn, "Lord, Dismiss Us with Thy Blessing," I was not long in
+making my exit from the church, as I did not wish to meet Mr. Cridge
+or any of the church officers, being only a youth and anticipating
+censure, but I forget if I got it. About this time a committee of
+ladies of the church, among whom were Mrs. A. T. Bushby, mother of
+Mrs. W. P. Bullen, and Mrs. Good, her sister, both daughters of the
+Governor, Mrs. Senator Macdonald, and Mrs. Cridge collected a large
+sum of money and sent to England for a fine pipe organ which I
+suppose is the one in use to-day. The first organist of this organ
+was a Mr. Whittaker, and of the choir, as near as I can remember
+them, were the Misses Harriet and Annie Thorne, Mrs. T. Sidney
+Wilson, Mrs. Macdonald and her two sisters the Misses Reid, Dr. J. C.
+Davie, Alex. Davie, his brother, Mr. Willoughby, Robert Jenkinson,
+Albert F. Hicks, John Bagnall, my brother Rowland and myself. Mr.
+Walter Chambers, as a youth, was organ blower also about this time.
+The first sexton and verger was William Raby, and the next John
+Spelde, who had charge of the Quadra Street Cemetery, digging the
+graves and collecting the fees for the same.</p>
+
+<p>I have spun this article out beyond what I intended, but I must be
+excused as I don&rsquo;t know when I have said enough on pioneer days.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.153</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov18">CHAPTER XVIII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">CHRISTMAS IN PIONEER DAYS.</p>
+
+<div class="verse">
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"... When I remember all the friends so linked together</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">... Fond memory brings the light of other days around me."</span></div>
+</div>
+
+<p>I have been requested to give my recollection of a Victoria Christmas
+in the good old days, as to how it was spent and conditions
+generally. In the first place, in speaking of "the good old days" of
+the sixties, I would not convey the impression that they were
+literally so good, for they were, so far as I can remember, some of
+the hardest that Victoria has seen.</p>
+
+<p>There is a something in recollections of the past that have been
+pleasant that is indescribable. It is easier felt than described, and
+I have no doubt is felt by many old-timers in this city to-day. Ask
+them to describe these feelings and they would be nonplussed. "Mark
+Twain" was written to by the pioneers of California inviting him to
+come and speak of the early days of San Francisco, when he was
+himself a pioneer of the Pacific. What his reply was I now forget,
+but it was something to this effect: "Do you wish to see an old man
+overcome and weep as he recalls those pioneer days?" These were a
+few words of what he said in reply to that invitation. "The good
+old days" may not have been the most prosperous, nor the happiest
+that "Mark Twain" may have spent, but there was a something, a <span class="pagenum">p.154</span>
+charm indescribable that he felt, but could not express. I feel
+this way myself.</p>
+
+<p>It is Christmas and its surroundings in any age that help to make
+these pleasing regrets. The incidents and the persons connected with
+them are gone and can never be recalled. The friends we knew then,
+whom we may have met at one of those Christmas gatherings, we see
+them as they pass before our mental vision. Where are they all
+to-day? The Quadra Street Cemetery might be able to tell, for each is
+"in his narrow cell forever laid."</p>
+
+<p>I have rambled far enough, and it is time I got to my story.</p>
+
+<p>I would remark in passing that Christmas, to be genuine, should be
+bright and frosty, with a flurry of snow, and this with walking
+exercise makes the blood to flow freely, and makes one feel better
+able to enjoy the festive occasion.</p>
+
+<p>Well, we had just such weather in those days, and such weather is
+sadly lacking in these. Our climate has changed very much since then.
+Less snow and cold and more rain now. Tinkle, tinkle, tinkle! The
+merry sleigh bell! After the advent of the first snow, and when deep
+enough, there might be heard the sleigh-bell, either on a grocer&rsquo;s or
+butcher&rsquo;s sleigh, or on an improvised sleigh made from a dry-goods
+case with a pair of runners attached, to which would be fastened a
+pair of shafts from a buggy or wagon not now usable. Everyone who
+owned a horse had a sleigh at little cost, and good use was made of
+it while the snow lasted. Long drives in the country or to church, or
+to a Christmas party or dance. I can see such a merry sleigh party
+of young people, the girls well wrapped up peeping over their furs,
+laughing and dodging the snowballs <span class="pagenum">p.155</span> thrown by a party of boys
+around the corner, who are always waiting for the next one to
+come along.</p>
+
+<div class="verse">
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"Where is now the merry party I remember long ago,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Laughing round the Christmas fire, brightened by its ruddy glow;</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Or in summer&rsquo;s balmy evenings, in the field upon the hay?</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">They have all dispersed and wandered, far away, far away!"</span></div>
+</div>
+
+<p>We nearly all went to church&mdash;the Anglicans, and many Nonconformists
+with them&mdash;on Christmas morning, and the Catholics on Christmas Eve.
+But first of all there was the preparation for the event. About a
+week before wagon-loads of young fir trees were brought in from the
+outskirts, and every storekeeper and many householders procured
+enough to decorate the front of the house or shop, a tree being tied
+to each verandah post. In those days no shop was complete without its
+wooden awning, as may be seen in many of the old photos of that
+period. Imagine Government Street, both sides, from end to end, one
+continuous line of green, relieved with, it might be, white; just
+enough snow to cover the ground, "bright and crisp and even."</p>
+
+<p>I have often longed for such a Christmas in these degenerate times,
+when rain is nearly always the order of the day. All the Christmas
+shopping was done during Christmas week. The fancy goods stores of
+those days were few&mdash;"Hibben &amp; Carswell," "The London Bazaar," and
+David Spencer. The former was then on Yates Street, corner of
+Langley, and the other two in Government Street; and I must not
+forget Thomas Gorrie on Fort Street. There was not the choice in toys
+and fancy articles then. Children were satisfied with less, and were
+just as happy. The beautiful and expensive <span class="pagenum">p.156</span> dolls then were of
+wax, and being susceptible to frost, were taken great care of. The
+butchers&rsquo; and grocers&rsquo; shops were then as now a great attraction
+at Christmas, and we had all to pay one visit at least to Johnny
+Stafford&rsquo;s (afterwards Stafford &amp; Goodacre), Thomas Harris&rsquo; two
+shops, and Fred. Reynolds&rsquo;, on the corner of Yates and Douglas,
+and I doubt if a better show (for quality) is made to-day.</p>
+
+<p>At Christmas there was the usual influx of miners from far-off
+Cariboo down to spend the winter in Victoria, with pockets well-lined
+with nuggets. It was "easy come, easy go" with them, and liberal were
+the purchases they made for their relations and friends.</p>
+
+<p>Christmas Eve, after dinner, mother or father or both with the
+children were off to buy the last of the presents, visit the shops or
+buy their Christmas dinner, for many left it till then. Turkey might
+not have been within their reach, but geese, wild or tame, took their
+place. Sucking pig was my favorite dish. Wild duck and grouse (fifty
+cents per pair), with fine roasts of beef. Of course plum pudding was
+in evidence with poor as well as rich, although eggs at Christmas
+were one dollar per dozen.</p>
+
+<p>A great feature of Christmas time was shooting for turkeys and geese
+at several outlying places, and raffles for turkeys at several of the
+principal saloons and hotels. The place I best remember was the Brown
+Jug, kept by Tommy Golden.</p>
+
+<p>A special feature of the saloons on Christmas Eve was "egg-nog," and
+all we young fellows dropped in for a glass on our way to midnight
+mass at the Catholic Church on Humboldt Street. It was one of
+the attractions of Christmas Eve, and the church was filled to
+overflowing, and later on there was standing room only. <span class="pagenum">p.157</span> We went
+to hear the singing, which was best obtainable, Mademoiselle La
+Charme, Mrs. A. Fellows (daughter of Sir Rowland Hill), Charles
+Lombard, Mr. Wolff, and Mr. Schmidt. These were assisted by the
+sisters, many of whom had nice voices. Amongst the well-dressed city
+people were many Cariboo miners&mdash;trousers tucked in their boots, said
+trousers held in position with a belt, and maybe no coat or vest on.
+When the time came for the collection, all hands dug down in their
+pockets and a generous collection was the result. My old friend, Tom
+Burnes, was one of the collectors on one occasion. There were not
+sufficient collecting plates, and Mr. Burnes took his hat and went
+amongst the crowd who were standing up in the rear of the church.
+As he passed through a group of miners, friend Tom was heard to
+say, "Now, boys, be liberal," and the response was all that could
+be desired; for, as I said before, it was "easy come, easy go."
+"Twelve-thirty," service is over, we are off to bed, for we must be
+up betimes in the morning for service at 11 o&rsquo;clock.</p>
+
+<p>"When I remember all the friends so linked together," who met on
+those Christmas mornings long ago, I think, how many are there left?
+Those of the choir who led in the anthem, "And There Were Shepherds
+Keeping Watch," and the hymns, "Christians, Awake," and "Hark, the
+Herald Angels Sing." Of those who met at the church door afterwards
+to shake hands all round, "A Merry Christmas," "The Compliments of
+the Season," and many other good wishes&mdash;of all these a few are left,
+amongst them Bishop Cridge, Senator and Mrs. Macdonald, Dr. Helmcken,
+David W. Higgins, Judges Walkem and Drake, Mrs. Wootton, Charles
+Hayward, Edward Dickinson, Mrs. Ella, Mr. and Mrs. George Richardson,
+Mrs. Pemberton, and <span class="pagenum">p.158</span> Mrs. Jesse, and maybe a few others I cannot
+now remember. Well, all things must come to an end, and so must this
+reminiscence of an "Early Christmas in Victoria," and in closing I
+wish all those mentioned here a "Happy Christmas and many of them."</p>
+
+<p>(Note.&mdash;Several of those mentioned are since dead.&mdash;E. F.)</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.159</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov19">CHAPTER XIX.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">THE QUEEN&rsquo;S BIRTHDAY FORTY YEARS AGO.</p>
+
+<p>The reproduction of an item in the <i>Colonist</i> of "Forty Years
+Ago," giving a list of the committee formed to prepare a programme
+for the celebration of the Queen&rsquo;s Birthday, called my attention to
+the names of that committee. They are nearly all familiar. His
+Worship the Mayor, I think, was Mr. Harris, who was our first mayor;
+next follows Doctor Tolmie, chief factor of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company;
+Wm. J. Macdonald, now senator; Lumley Franklin, was a prominent
+citizen, an English Jew. There were two brothers, the elder being
+named Selim. They were real estate brokers and auctioneers. Lumley
+was a clever amateur actor and as a member of the Victoria Amateur
+Dramatic Association he took a prominent part in all the
+entertainments for charity in those days. John Wilkie was a Wharf
+Street merchant. Mr. W. T. Drake was the late Judge Drake; D. B. Ring
+was a prominent barrister, who, when not in court, might have been
+seen walking about with a couple of dogs and a hunting crop under his
+arm. He was one of the old school. Allan Francis, the first American
+Consul to Victoria, a man liked by everyone; James A. McCrae, an
+American auctioneer, and very fond of sport; Mr. T. Johnston was
+manager for Findlay, Durham &amp; Brodie; James Lowe, of Lowe Brothers,
+Wharf Street, merchants; William Charles, chief factor of Hudson&rsquo;s
+Bay Company; <span class="pagenum">p.160</span> Captain Delacombe, in charge of the garrison on
+San Juan Island; E. Grancini, hardware merchant, with whom Charles
+Lombard was chief salesman; T. L. Stahlschmidt, of Findlay, Durham &amp;
+Brodie; Captain Stamp, a millman, representing an English company who
+owned a large mill at Alberni; Godfrey Brown, late of Honolulu, a
+clever member of the Victoria Amateur Dramatic Association. I might
+mention this association had many very clever men as members, who
+would have graced any stage. Mr. Higgins, with myself, have written
+of the theatrical performances by this club in early days. Next is
+A. R. Green, of Janion, Green &amp; Rhodes, of Store Street; J. D.
+Pemberton, colonial surveyor; J. C. Nicholson, who married pretty
+Mary Dorman; George J. Findlay, of Findlay, Durham &amp; Brodie; Francis
+Garesche, of Garesche-Green&rsquo;s Bank; C. W. R. Thomson, manager of the
+Victoria Gas Works; George Pearkes, barrister; Lieutenants Brooks and
+Hastings, of H.M.S. <i>Zealous</i>, the first ironclad to come into the
+Pacific around Cape Horn, and Sheriff Elliott.</p>
+
+<p>This was a strong committee, for those days. All prominent men and
+good workers.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img28">
+<img width="262" height="430" src="images/vi28.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Thomas Harris.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Beacon Hill was the head centre of sport, and far enough from town,
+as nearly all of us walked. But all kinds of conveyances were brought
+into requisition to take people out, especially from Esquimalt and
+the country. We had to rely on the navy then as always. The two
+livery stables of J. W. Williams, on the corner now occupied by Prior
+&amp; Co., and William G. Bowman, on Yates Street, where the Poodle Dog
+stands, furnished busses and buggies, and large express wagons were
+also improvised, seats being put in for the occasion. With my mind&rsquo;s
+eye I can see Thomas Harris, first mayor.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.161</p>
+
+<p>The chief event of the day was the horse races, and the mayor was an
+enthusiastic horse-fancier and steward of the Jockey Club. These
+attractions were nothing without Mr. Harris, coupled with Commander
+Lascelles, of the gunboat <i>Forward</i>, a son of the Earl of
+Harewood, and John Howard, of Esquimalt. The time for the first race
+is near, the bell rings (John Butts was bellman), and the portly
+figure of Mr. Harris on horseback appears. "Now, gentlemen, clear the
+course," and there is a general scattering of people outside the
+rails, and the horses with their gaily dressed jockeys canter past
+the grandstand, make several false starts, then off they go. It is a
+mile heat round the hill, best two out of three to win. Oh! what
+exciting things these races were to us old-timers, who were satisfied
+with a little. The grandstand stood due south of the flagpole, and
+stood there for years after the races were held elsewhere. I must not
+forget to mention the Millingtons, of Esquimalt, who always rode John
+Howard&rsquo;s horses at these meetings; they were born jockeys. I think
+one of them still lives near Esquimalt. I would we had such Queen&rsquo;s
+weather now as we had then. May was then more like what July is now
+for warmth, with beautiful clear skies; they were days worth
+remembering. Everyone went out for the day, and whole families might
+have been seen either riding in express wagons, busses, or trudging
+along on foot, carrying baskets of provisions. Soon the hill was
+covered with picnickers, as well as the surrounding woods. There was
+plenty of good cheer and good-natured folk to dispense that cheer,
+not only to their own, but to those who had not come provided. "Why,
+how do you do, Mrs. Smith? Mr. Smith, how are you? You are just
+in time. Make room for Mrs. Smith, John, alongside you; Annie
+and <span class="pagenum">p.162</span> Mary can sit by Ellen. Oh, of course, you&rsquo;ll lunch with us!
+There, we are all ready now, so fall to!" This is a sample of the
+good-heartedness of the old-timers. Everyone knew everybody, and all
+were as one family.</p>
+
+<p>The navy was represented by bluejackets and marines by the hundreds.
+Bands of music, Aunt Sally, and the usual side shows were there. Aunt
+Sally was usually run by a lot of sailors, or soldiers, with faces
+painted like circus clowns, and dressed in motley garments. "Now,
+ladies and gents, walk up and &rsquo;ave a shy at Aunt Sally; the dear old
+girl don&rsquo;t mind being &rsquo;it a bit; she is so good-natured; that&rsquo;s a
+right h&rsquo;excellent shot that, &rsquo;ave another try." The same scene was
+likely being enacted some distance off with "Punch and Judy," and you
+may be sure that "Jack" was principal in this show as well, for where
+there is fun there Jack is. I must not forget the music. Outside the
+local band there was always a naval band, of a flagship usually, such
+as the <i>Ganges</i> or <i>Sutlej</i>, which were "three-deckers,"
+line-o&rsquo;-battleships which would have put an ordinary battleship to
+blush. It was supposed that the officers subscribed to the band fund,
+and as there were many officers on a large ship, and well-to-do at
+that, they had good music. The <i>Ganges</i> band was something worth
+hearing, about twenty-four strong. It was often heard in Victoria,
+either at a naval funeral or at some public function. The navy was
+the mainspring of Victoria in more ways than one. They took part in
+all public functions, furnishing music, help and flags, and by their
+presence in uniform brightened up and lent grace to the affair. Do we
+realize how great a loss their absence to the city is? We ought to
+have found out the difference by now. The races are over, the day&rsquo;s
+celebration is near its end. <span class="pagenum">p.163</span> Some of those who came early with
+children are tired out and have gone home, others will soon follow,
+as a general packing up of baskets is going on. "Jack" no longer
+calls on the passerby to have a shy at Old Aunt Sally, Punch has
+killed his wife and baby for the last time. Parties of bluejackets
+are moving off with one playing a tin whistle, to which some are
+singing. The day draws to a close, and in the words of the immortal
+Gray, "Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight," and I
+close this recital of echoes of a past&mdash;Queen&rsquo;s Birthday forty odd
+years ago.</p>
+
+<p>Through the kindness of Mr. Albert H. Maynard I am enabled to produce
+an old picture of Beacon Hill during a celebration.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img29">
+<img width="532" height="443" src="images/vi29.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Queen&lsquo;s birthday, Beacon Hill.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The following account of the regatta during the celebration of the
+Queen&rsquo;s Birthday appears in the <i>British Colonist</i> of May 25th,
+1868:</p>
+
+<p>"The first of the festivities forming a part of the celebration of
+the forty-ninth celebration of Queen Victoria&rsquo;s Birthday took place
+on Saturday, and was in every respect a great success. The day,
+although warmer than usual, was well suited for the picnic parties
+which occupied the banks of our beautiful Arm, all the way from the
+bridge to the Gorge. It is estimated that there were one thousand
+persons assembled altogether. Early in the morning the town bore a
+most lively appearance, flags were flying from all the principal
+buildings and the shipping, and by half-past ten the streets were
+full of well-dressed persons wending their way to the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay
+Company&rsquo;s wharf, where the steam launch and barges of the <i>Zealous</i>
+were placed at the disposal of the Committee by the Admiral to convey
+them up the Arm. The managing committee were here represented by
+Messrs. Stuart and Franklin, <span class="pagenum">p.164</span> whose arrangements were admirable.
+From the wharf to the Gorge the Arm wore a most animated appearance.
+From Her Majesty&rsquo;s gunboat <i>Forward</i>, all decked in colors, which
+took up her position near the bridge, down to the meanest craft, the
+water was covered with boats laden with people full of merriment and
+joy. From Curtis&rsquo; Point, where the barges delivered their living
+freight, the scene was really enchanting. An arch of flags spanning
+the water, the high banks covered with tents, the bridge and every
+spot on both sides of the Arm crowded with people, and the roads
+lined with equestrians, amongst whom were many ladies, gave the
+happiest effect to the whole scene. We cannot recall a single
+celebration which was more appreciated or enjoyable than our regatta
+of Saturday. Much of this success, it must not be forgotten, must
+be attributed to the gracious manner in which Admiral Hastings
+co-operated with the committee to secure the comfort and convenience
+of the public, and without which kindness and attention the day would
+have been shorn of most of its enjoyment. Owing to the severe illness
+of His Excellency the Governor he was prevented from being present.
+We observed Mrs. Seymour, Mrs. Hills, the Admiral, Sir James Douglas
+and family, the Chief Justice, Colonial Secretary, officers of
+the fleet and several of the principal officials and families.
+A more universal assemblage was never known; clergymen of every
+denomination, men of all politics, people of all nations, rich and
+poor, in fact, mingled together freely, forgetting the sectional and
+social differences which divide them, acted as became the occasion,
+that of honoring the monarch whose virtues are an example to
+the world. The racing was not so successful as last year, but,
+nevertheless, <span class="pagenum">p.165</span> was good, and under the management of Mr. Hastings
+and Mr. Kelly gave perfect satisfaction.</p>
+
+<p>"The amusements concluded by a duck hunt, but the men were not seen
+by more than a dozen people; it may be considered the only failure of
+the day. We must not omit to mention that two new racing gigs were
+built for the occasion, respectively by Mr. Trahey and Mr.
+Lachapelle, boat builders, who take the greatest interest in the
+regattas, and spare nothing to make them successful. These boats were
+both defeated in their maiden races, but the design and workmanship
+of the <i>Zealous</i> and <i>Amateur</i>, it is said, would reflect
+credit on any country."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.166</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov20">CHAPTER XX.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">EVOLUTION OF THE VICTORIA POST-OFFICE.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img30">
+<img width="262" height="424" src="images/vi30.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Henry Wootton.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>I have before me at the present moment the envelope of an old letter.
+It was received from England in 1863 by my father. The three stamps
+on it show a value of 34 cents&mdash;one shilling, one fourpence and one
+penny. It is only a single letter, and a small one at that. In fact,
+if it were any larger it would have had more postage on it. Just
+think of the difference between now and then. The first postmaster I
+remember in Victoria was J. D&rsquo;ewes. Something went wrong with the
+finances during his incumbency and he suddenly disappeared with a
+large sum for a more congenial clime (Australia, I think). D&rsquo;ewes had
+one clerk to assist him in the work of the post-office, by name J. M.
+Morrison. He was succeeded by Mr. Henry Wootton, father of Stephen
+Wootton, registrar-general, and Edward Wootton, the barrister. Mrs.
+Wootton, senior, is still with us, hale and hearty, I am glad to say.
+The late J. M. Sparrow was also connected with the early Victoria
+post-office with Mr. Wootton. I well remember when the post-office
+was on Government Street, opposite the C. P. R. telegraph office, in
+a small wooden structure with a verandah in front, as was the fashion
+in those days for all business places. I also remember it when it was
+on Wharf Street, north of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s store, occupying
+the lower floor, while Edward <span class="pagenum">p.167</span> B. Marvin&rsquo;s sail-loft occupied the
+upper. The staff then consisted of Mr. Wootton and J. M. Sparrow, as
+before stated, with occasional extra assistants, say on the arrival
+of an English mail, which came then via the Isthmus of Panama and San
+Francisco. The "whole staff" had to work hard then, and long hours,
+even into the morning. I have seen a line of letter hunters reaching
+from the post-office up Wharf Street nearly to Yates, waiting for
+the mail to be sorted and the wicket to open. I especially remember
+one evening in 1865. The San Francisco steamer had arrived in the
+afternoon at Esquimalt, and at eight o&rsquo;clock there had not been a
+letter delivered, although the staff had worked like beavers to get
+the mails sorted. The mails from Europe arrived about twice a month,
+and not regularly at that. The <i>Colonist</i> would state that "there
+was no mail again," but that it might be expected to-morrow. It was
+a day of importance when it did arrive, and people naturally were
+anxious to get their letters, even if it necessitated their standing
+in the street in line, maybe at ten o&rsquo;clock at night. Many a time a
+dollar has been paid for a favorable place in line near the wicket by
+someone whose time was considered too valuable to spend in waiting
+for his turn.</p>
+
+<p>A good deal of banter was indulged in by those in line. The
+anticipation of their hearing from friends at home made them
+good-natured, and brought out the best that was in them. And, oh!
+when the wicket was at last opened, distribution commenced and the
+line moved on and up, there was a shout of joy and satisfaction.
+Those were memorable days in Victoria&rsquo;s history, the good old days of
+long ago.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img31">
+<img width="560" height="311" src="images/vi31.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Drawing of Government St. with old Bastion.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>I remember again when the post-office was on Government Street again,
+this time where Weiler Brothers&rsquo; <span class="pagenum">p.168</span> building now stands, still in
+wood, and in no more pretentious a building than the former ones.
+From there it was moved again up Government Street to the old site,
+opposite the C. P. R. telegraph office, until that place got too
+small, and a final move was made to its present location, and a large
+addition is soon to be made to keep pace with the rapid growth of
+the city. Letters were an expensive luxury in the early days, as
+this table of rates will show: To send a half ounce letter to Great
+Britain cost 34&cent;., British North American provinces 20&cent;., France
+50&cent;., Germany 40&cent;., Holland 57&cent;., Norway 56&cent;., Portugal 68&cent;., Sweden
+52&cent;., and San Francisco 15&cent;. Most of the letters from the latter
+place were received by Wells Fargo&rsquo;s express, and cost, I think, 3&cent;.,
+and special charge of 25&cent;. on each letter. I have already described
+the receipt of Wells Fargo&rsquo;s express from Esquimalt in the early
+times, and how John Parker, now of Metchosin, used to meet the
+steamer at Esquimalt. When she was expected their messenger, whose
+name was Miller, and a colored man, used to watch from Church Hill,
+and on her being sighted at Race Rocks the express flag was hoisted
+in front of their office on Yates Street to let the citizens know the
+fact. Before the steamer made a landing the letter-bags were thrown
+ashore to John Parker, and fastened on his horse, then off he
+galloped to Victoria, the horse being covered with sweat on arrival
+at the express office, where the letters were called off by Colonel
+Pendergast, or Major Gillingham, to a crowded audience.</p>
+
+<p>On the death of Mr. Wootton, I believe Mr. Robert Wallace was the
+next to fill the position, which he did for some years. When he
+retired he went to his former home in Scotland. On his retirement the
+position was offered to the present incumbent, Mr. Noah Shakespeare, <span class="pagenum">p.169</span>
+who so ably fills it. I might say, to show the growth of the
+post-office in this city since Mr. Wootton&rsquo;s time, when he with two
+assistants carried on the work, that to-day the staff, including
+letter-carriers, numbers forty-eight.</p>
+
+<p>The registered parcels and letters for last year were just twice the
+year before, with a large increase in money orders, and to show the
+large increase in letters in one evening at Christmas, twelve
+thousand were received and cancelled in the post-office.</p>
+
+<p>In conclusion I would ask, were not letters which cost 34&cent;. postage
+in those days more appreciated than a lot of letters now at 2&cent;. each?
+It is the old story over again, that a thing easy to get is thought
+little of.</p>
+
+<p>I might say this article was written in May, 1908, and at the present
+writing, December, 1911, the volume of business of the Victoria
+post-office has increased nearly fifty per cent.&mdash;that is, in three
+years. It might be interesting to note that of the present staff Mr.
+Thomas Chadwick, in charge of the money order office, is senior in
+years of service, having joined the staff in 1880. Next comes Mr.
+Charles Finlaison, 1882, and Mr. James Smith, 1887. The deputy
+postmaster, Mr. T. A. Cairns, joined the staff in Winnipeg in 1880,
+and the Victoria staff in 1882. Mr. Shakespeare, postmaster, has been
+head of the department here since 1888.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.170</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov21">CHAPTER XXI.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">FIFTY YEARS AGO.</p>
+
+<p>It is said, and I think truthfully, that youthful impressions are
+more lasting than any others. This is my own experience, for my mind
+is stored with early reminiscences. It is verified by no less a
+person than my dear old friend, Bishop Cridge, who told me quite
+recently that he well remembered an incident that occurred to him
+when he was between three and four years old&mdash;that of a regiment of
+soldiers passing through his native village, and of his following
+them quite a distance from his home, and of the distress of his
+family on discovering his absence. In a long life of ninety-one years
+this is, I think, remarkable. Well, this is not the subject of my
+present writing. It is to give my impressions of this fair city fifty
+years ago, as I remember it as a child.</p>
+
+<p>To-day fifty years ago I landed with my parents and brothers on the
+Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s wharf, having arrived from San Francisco on
+the steamer <i>Northerner</i>, which docked at Esquimalt, as all
+large ocean steamers then did. We came from Esquimalt on a small
+steamer, the <i>Emma</i>, or <i>Emily Harris</i>. The latter steamer
+was built, I think, by Thomas Harris, and named after his daughter,
+Mrs. William Wilson, whom I am pleased to know is still a resident
+with her family. The scene will ever be impressed on my mind as I saw
+my future home on that 12th day of February, 1859. Outside Johnson <span class="pagenum">p.171</span>
+Street on the north, Blanchard Street on the east, and the north end
+of James Bay bridge on the south, everything else was country&mdash;oak
+and pine trees, with paths only, otherwise trails made by Indians and
+cattle. Within this wood under the oaks were wildflowers of all kinds
+in profusion. Through these woods and by these paths I went day by
+day to the old Colonial School on the site of the present Central.
+With the exception of private schools kept by the late Edward
+Mallandaine, and another kept by the late John Jessop, our school
+supplied the wants of the time. It was built of squared logs,
+whitewashed, and was the residence of the master as well. It was
+situated in the middle of a large tract of land which is to-day used
+for school purposes. The school was built in the middle of a grove
+of oaks, and there could not have been a more beautiful spot. Under
+these oaks we boys and girls (alas, how few are left), sat at noon
+and ate our lunch, or rested after a game of ball, or "hunt the
+hounds." Those were happy days in their rustic simplicity, and so
+will those say who remain to-day, fifty years later. There are
+several living here in the still fair city of Victoria, but how many
+have gone to that bourne whence no traveller yet returned?</p>
+
+<p>We made what would now be considered a pretty long trip from San
+Francisco, eleven days. Just think of it, long enough to have gone to
+Europe. We passed on and out of the east gate on to Fort Street. How
+strange it all looked to me after the large city of San Francisco. As
+I have before stated, nearly the whole block from the Brown Jug
+corner to Broad Street was an orchard. I "borrowed" apples from this
+orchard later on, and good they tasted, and like stolen sweets were
+sweetest. Fort Street from Government up was a quagmire of <span class="pagenum">p.172</span> mud,
+this street not having been paved, as it was later, with boulders
+from the beach and with a top layer of gravel or pebbles, also from
+the beach. The sidewalk on the Five Sisters&rsquo; side of the street was
+made of slabs, round side up, and was very slippery in wet weather.
+This I have from my brother. I can remember the other side of the
+street was made of two boards laid lengthwise.</p>
+
+<p>Douglas Street had many tents on it, as well as did Johnson. Where
+the Five Sisters&rsquo; block stands was a log house, set back from the
+street. This was the company&rsquo;s bakery, where I used to go for bread
+at 25&cent;. a loaf (about four pounds). There was not a brick building on
+the west side of Government Street save the residence of Thomas
+Harris on the corner of Bastion. His daughter, Mrs. Wilson, with a
+large family, is with us to-day. This building was afterward
+converted into the Bank of British Columbia.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img32">
+<img width="265" height="449" src="images/vi32.jpg" alt="[Portrait: George Richardson.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The only brick building on the east side was the Victoria Hotel, now
+the Windsor, the first brick building in Victoria, constructed by
+George Richardson, still a resident. Where the B. C. Market is now
+was a neat cottage built of squared logs whitewashed, with green door
+and window casings. It was the residence of Dr. Johnson of the
+company&rsquo;s service. The corner now occupied by the Bank of Commerce
+and the C. P. R. offices was vacant lots, and there were many other
+vacant lots on that side of Government Street, both north and south.
+There was a lake on View Street above Quadra, with good duck shooting
+in winter. Fort Street from the corner of Douglas Street east was
+blank, with the exception of a lot of Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s barns,
+set back in the block. This was, I believe, the site of a farm before
+1858, for there were so many evidences of <span class="pagenum">p.173</span> it when I played in
+these barns as a child, often helping, as I thought, to unload hay
+for the cattle which were kept here in the winter.</p>
+
+<p>A deep ravine ran east and west between Johnson and Pandora Streets
+into Victoria harbor. This ravine was bridged at Store, Government
+and Douglas Streets, behind Porter&rsquo;s building. There were only two
+wharves in the harbor south of the bridge to the Indian reserve. Over
+this bridge all traffic passed to Esquimalt and surrounding country
+until Point Ellice bridge was built.</p>
+
+<p>The Songhees reserve was covered with Indian lodges, and the Indians
+were numbered by hundreds. At times of feasts, when they had a
+potlatch, or at the making of a "medicine-man," the reserve was a
+lively place and the noise deafening with their yells, both day and
+night. It was unsafe to go there at night when these celebrations
+were held. Many outrages were committed on passers-by by Indians when
+in a state of drunkenness.</p>
+
+<p>Over James Bay to what is now the outer dock, was a forest of pines
+and oak trees, with very few residences. With all this rustic
+simplicity we lived and enjoyed the passing hour. We have many things
+now we did not dream of then; not knowing of them we did not miss
+them, and were just as happy without them. I might conclude thus
+with:</p>
+
+<div class="verse">
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"Victoria, the sweetest village of the west,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Scene of my youth, I love thee best."</span></div>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.174</p>
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov22">CHAPTER XXII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">FORTY YEARS AGO.</p>
+
+<p class="dateline">April, 1908.</p>
+
+<p>Sir,&mdash;I am always interested in "Forty Years Ago." It brings back to
+me food for thought, especially of late, when so many old-timers have
+passed away. Before commenting on the <i>Colonist&rsquo;s</i> "Forty Years
+Ago" in Saturday&rsquo;s issue, I would remark that I expected mention to
+have been made in the article on the late R. S. Byrn, that he was a
+newspaper man for some years. I remember Mr. Byrn as bookkeeper for
+the <i>Standard</i>, under Amor De Cosmos, forty-two years ago,
+seeing him every day, as the <i>Standard</i> office was next door to
+my father&rsquo;s store on Government Street, opposite Trounce Avenue. The
+<i>Standard</i>, like the <i>Colonist</i>, was started by Amor De
+Cosmos. The first item of interest on Saturday is the sailing of the
+steamer <i>Enterprise</i> for New Westminster (she made only two
+trips a week); among her passengers were Chief Justice Needham, Rev.
+E. White (the pioneer minister of the Wesleyan Church in Victoria),
+and R. Holloway. The latter is connected with the government
+<i>Gazette</i> to-day.</p>
+
+<p>The next item announces the first cricket match of the season at
+Beacon Hill. The Victoria eleven are Charles Clark, a clever amateur
+actor who helped to make a success of the various entertainments our
+club <span class="pagenum">p.175</span> gave for charity in these days; E. Dewdney, afterwards
+Governor; &mdash;. Walker, a prominent barrister of those days; Joseph
+Wilson, of the firm of W. &amp; J. Wilson; Josiah Barnett, cashier of
+the McDonald Bank; C. Guerra, a remittance man; C. Green, of Janion,
+Green &amp; Rhodes; Thomas Tye, of Mathews, Richard &amp; Tye; John Howard,
+of Esquimalt; Gold Commissioner Ball, and last though not least,
+Judge Drake. A cricket match in those days was always able to draw a
+crowd, being the ball game of the day. In this match the name does
+not appear of a Mr. Richardson, who was a professional player and at
+least an extra fine player, who came here about that time with a
+visiting team. He is still in Victoria, as I saw him quite lately.</p>
+
+<p>Among the passengers by the steamer <i>California</i> for San
+Francisco, I note Rev. Dr. Evans, of the Methodist Church, and
+family; C. C. Pendergast, in charge of Wells Fargo&rsquo;s bank and
+express, an important institution then; J. H. Turner, (Hon.) William
+Lawson, of the Bank of British North America, and brother of James H.
+Lawson; R. P. Rithet &amp; Co., Mr. and Mrs. Pidwell, whose daughter Mr.
+Higgins married; John Glassey, an uncle of Mr. T. P. McConnell; J. S.
+Drummond, father of Mrs. Magill; Richard Broderick, the coal dealer,
+and wife, and Mrs. Zelner, whose husband kept a drug store where the
+B. C. Market now is. It will be noted that a number of people
+assembled on the wharf to see their friends off. I might say that
+this was the usual thing in those days. Even some business places
+would be closed while the proprietor went to the wharf to say
+good-bye to a relative or friend.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.176</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">An Incident of the Mystic Spring.</h4>
+
+<p>Sir,&mdash;In Thursday&rsquo;s paper in the "Forty Years Ago" column I note the
+account given of the suicide of a young girl at Cadboro Bay. An
+interesting account is given in the "Mystic Spring" by my friend, Mr.
+Higgins. Poor girl! It was another case of unrequited affection. I
+knew Miss Booth well, being of my own age. We had met on many
+occasions at picnics and dances and at other festivities. On the
+memorable afternoon cited I saw her walking on the Cadboro Bay Road
+from town just ahead of me, and I hurried and caught up and accosted
+her, asking where she was off to. She was then more than three miles
+from home, which was on the Esquimalt Road. She replied in the most
+cheerful manner, with a smile: "Oh, I&rsquo;m going for a walk to Cadboro
+Bay." I remarked on the long distance she was from home, to which she
+replied, and passed on. Little did I think then that she was on her
+way to her death, and in so cool and collected a manner. My memory
+has been freshened lately by my brother, as to the circumstances
+attending the sad affair. Miss Booth was one of three sisters who
+lived with their father and mother, as before stated, on Esquimalt
+Road. She had become acquainted with a young gentleman who afterward
+became an M.P. at Ottawa, and this acquaintance ripened into
+something stronger, so much so that she fell in love with him, and
+showed it so pointedly that he, as well as others, could not well
+help noticing it. He did not reciprocate her affection, and I believe
+told her so, and like an honest man avoided her. This in time was too
+much for her and she took the fatal course which ended in her
+drowning herself near the "Mystic Spring."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.177</p>
+
+<p>Being the last to see her in life, and knowing her so well, I
+tendered my evidence at the coroner&rsquo;s inquest. I might say that the
+family shortly afterwards moved to Ladner&rsquo;s Landing, and the two
+sisters married there, and part of the family still reside in that
+vicinity. This ends another little episode of forty years ago. This
+is for those who may remember the sad occurrence and the interest
+taken in the poor girl&rsquo;s sad fate at the time.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.178</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov23">CHAPTER XXIII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">THE LATE GOVERNOR JOHNSON.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img33">
+<img width="266" height="437" src="images/vi33.jpg" alt="[Portrait: John H. Johnson.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>To the Editor,&mdash;As I sit writing, my eyes rest on the picture of the
+subject of these few remarks. This picture was sent to me with an
+autograph letter by Governor John Johnson, of Minnesota, four years
+ago, under these circumstances. In a magazine I was reading, as I lay
+in bed with typhoid fever, I came across an article written by a
+life-long friend of this good and great man. Of his early boyhood to
+the time when he was elected Governor of Minnesota, what an example
+he was to the youth of that day as well as this. The short sketch ran
+thus: John Johnson was the eldest, I think, of four children. His
+father was a blacksmith and a good mechanic. Both father and mother
+were Swedes. Although a good mechanic, he developed into a lazy, bad
+man, who neglected his wife and children, and eventually landed in
+the poorhouse. Being left to themselves, the mother took in washing,
+and after school, John, the eldest, took home the clothes and took
+out parcels for a tradesman. John was thus able to help to keep the
+family. He was ambitious, wanted to learn, attended night school for
+that purpose, engaged with a chemist, gave it up, went into a
+lawyer&rsquo;s office, then into politics, and after filling several
+important positions got elected Governor of his native state. What I
+admired in John Johnson was his devotion to his mother, brother and
+sisters; also his self-denial. What would <span class="pagenum">p.179</span> you think of an alpaca
+coat to resist the rigors of a Minnesota winter? Well, John, by
+working at night in various ways saved up enough to buy an overcoat,
+he having none, and having to be out late at night delivering the
+clothes his mother had washed during the day. Through unforeseen
+demands on his mother&rsquo;s earnings the poor boy was forced to give up
+the overcoat and hand over the hard-earned money for something he
+thought was wanted more, and went through the winter with nothing
+warmer than an alpaca jacket. I cannot but believe that these
+hardships laid the foundation for a delicate constitution, and every
+time I looked at his picture hanging in my dining-room I thought,
+"How delicate he looks; will he live to be an old man?" I was so
+taken with the story of his early life, his trials bravely endured,
+and his final triumph, that I wrote to him and congratulated him
+on his election. This election was a great victory for him, as his
+opponents used the fact against him that his father had been an
+inmate of the poorhouse and had died there a pauper, to defeat him.
+These disgraceful tactics were repudiated by many of his opponents,
+who showed they did so by voting against their own candidate and for
+John Johnson. This gain of votes from his opponents elected him by a
+good majority. Well, I told him in my letter that I was a British
+subject living in Victoria, Canada, and as such I congratulated him
+on his victory, that I was glad his old mother was alive to see his
+triumph, and that she should be proud, and no doubt was proud, of
+such a son.</p>
+
+<p>In due course he replied, and also sent me his photo, which, as I
+said before, I had framed and hung up in my dining-room as an
+object-lesson for all of how a good and noble son made a good and
+noble man. There is room for many more such in this world.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.180</p>
+
+<p>To show the respect and love of the people for this good and great
+man, I have added the account of his burial. The late Governor
+Johnson paid a visit to Victoria about a year before his death, and I
+am sorry I was not aware of the fact until it was too late, as I
+should have esteemed it an honor to have shaken hands with him:</p>
+
+<p>"St. Paul, Minn., Sept. 23.&mdash;While the body of Governor John A.
+Johnson, of Minnesota, was being lowered into its grave this
+afternoon all industrial activity in the state was stopped for five
+minutes as a tribute to the memory of the dead Governor.</p>
+
+<p>"The body, which had been lying in state in the rotunda of the
+capitol since yesterday, where it was guarded by officers and
+privates of the state militia, was taken to the railroad station at
+9.15 this morning, escorted by ten companies of militia, preceded by
+a band of one hundred pieces.</p>
+
+<p>"At the station the body was placed <a id="emen5">aboard</a> a special train which left
+for St. Peter, Minn., where interment took place this afternoon at
+three o&rsquo;clock. The funeral services were held in the St. Peter
+Presbyterian Church, where Johnson sang in the choir when a boy.
+While the services were in progress at St. Peter&rsquo;s, memorial services
+were held in all the churches in Minneapolis and St. Paul. The public
+schools are closed to-day, and the whole state is in mourning."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.181</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov24">CHAPTER XXIV.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">A TRIP TO A CORAL ISLAND.</p>
+
+<p>The Ladrone Islands, which from time immemorial have belonged to
+Spain, now, as is well known, belong to the United States. There is a
+cable station on the chief island, Guam. The Ladrone Islands lie off
+the coast of the Philippines, and are about three thousand miles from
+the Hawaiian Islands in a west-southwest direction. The Island of
+Guam has about five thousand inhabitants, mostly Philipinos, natives,
+Chinese and Europeans. Guam, with its sandy beach, its cocoanut trees
+and coral strand, puts one much in mind of the coral islands of story
+books, where an open boat with boys of various ages have landed from
+some wrecked vessel, and lived on fish, berries and cocoanuts, not
+forgetting wild pigs and goats. Altogether it is typical of what all
+boys read and would like to read again.</p>
+
+<p>The coins used in trade are all Spanish, mostly of copper, but silver
+is also used. The natives make mats, just such as our natives used to
+make years ago in British Columbia, so finely woven as to hold water.
+Water is carried in the Ladrone Islands in bamboos, the divisions
+being cut out, and the whole bamboo filled with water and carried on
+the shoulder. The usual vehicle is a two-wheeled cart, drawn by a
+bull with long horns, the reins being fastened to the horns; certain
+pulls on each horn turn him to left or right. They trot along like
+ponies. The ruins exist of a Spanish church <span class="pagenum">p.182</span> at Agana, over a
+hundred years old, the bells belonging to it being hung in a low
+tower near by.</p>
+
+<p>Since the American occupation the natives have taken to baseball as a
+recreation.</p>
+
+<p>It is an interesting sight to see the native women wash clothes. They
+stand in a stream up to their waists, and after soaping the clothes,
+they pound them with a stone, or else take one end of the garment in
+both hands and dash the other end up against a rock or board. The
+natives have adopted a great many of the old Spanish customs among
+themselves, including cock-fighting, which sport is carried on every
+Sunday and holiday. Every man has his trained fighting-cock, and they
+take great interest in the sport, staking large sums on their birds.
+They lash sharp, razor-like knives on the birds&rsquo; spurs, and the fight
+seldom lasts more than a few minutes, and generally ends in one of
+them being ripped up.</p>
+
+<p>The native huts have always the roof and sometimes the walls covered
+with palm leaves, which are impervious to rain, and will last about
+five years, when they have to be renewed. The floor is generally
+covered with rough boards, far enough off the ground to make a
+chicken-house underneath, or else room to tie up a bull or cariboo,
+or to put the bull-cart under.</p>
+
+<p>One of the chief exports of the island is copra, which is the meat of
+the cocoanut, picked and dried at a certain stage of its growth. In
+front of nearly every native hut can be seen copra drying on mats,
+and it is always taken in at night away from the dew. It is used to
+make shredded cocoanut, cocoanut oil, soap and other things, and the
+natives get about two and a half cents a pound for it.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.183</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov25">CHAPTER XXV.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">A VICTORIAN&rsquo;S VISIT TO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.</p>
+
+<p>We left Victoria March 2nd via Seattle for San Francisco and Los
+Angeles by the good steamer <i>Governor</i>. We arrived at San
+Francisco Sunday, March 6th, after a rather rough trip, on which I
+did not miss a meal. After breakfast Mrs. F. and I, with three
+fellow-passengers, went to Sutro Heights and then to Golden Gate
+Park. The seals were still sleeping on the rocks or bobbing about in
+the water as of old. Sutro&rsquo;s gardens were a disappointment, as they
+seemed to have been allowed to go to decay. Of all the beautiful
+statuary representing the gods and goddesses of ancient Greece and
+Rome, all were in a state of dilapidation&mdash;arms, legs and heads
+broken off and covered with moss and dirt. Many of the glass houses
+in the gardens were in a like state. We did not stay long there, but
+took cars for Golden Gate Park, which is kept up by the Government
+and everything is kept in a perfect state of repair. Beautiful
+avenues of tropical trees, flowers in profusion, statues of public
+men of the past, and then the museum. This had the most attractions
+for me, as there were many interesting things to inspect, of which
+more anon. On the down trip we took on board at San Francisco a party
+of seven gentlemen who were going to Los Angeles for a holiday,
+consisting of a judge, a lawyer, a doctor, a manager of an
+electric light company, two <span class="pagenum">p.184</span> merchants, and last but not least, a
+blacksmith, all members of a singing society. These gentlemen gave
+us several most enjoyable little concerts. We arrived at Redondo on
+March 8th and took cars for Los Angeles soon after arrival, and were
+in Los Angeles about two o&rsquo;clock. I must confess I was not impressed
+with San Francisco, for while there were some very handsome, ornate
+and very high buildings, especially in the burned area and on Market
+Street, there were alongside the new buildings the cellars of former
+fine buildings filled with debris of the buildings destroyed by
+quake or fire, also whole blocks boarded up and covered with
+advertisements, behind which were piles of broken masonry and twisted
+steel. I went along Montgomery to Kearney Street, up Clay to Powell
+and found very little change from what I left in 1859. The Plaza did
+not seem the least altered.</p>
+
+<p>In 1855 my brother one day remarked that the street above Powell had
+had no name long enough, and, as we lived in it, he took the liberty
+of naming it. There was a box with "Taylor&rsquo;s" soap or candles printed
+on the cover lying on the ground, and taking a saw he cut the Taylor
+in two, nailing "Tay" up on the corner house. Strange to say, it is
+"Tay" Street to-day, after fifty-five years, but instead of being on
+the house it is painted on a lamp-post. Clay Street had the honor of
+having the first cable street cars, but I did not see any on my late
+visit.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img34">
+<img width="385" height="281" src="images/vi34.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Park in San Bernardino.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>It seemed to me as if it would be a long time ere San Francisco would
+be like it was before the earthquake. A party of us went out to
+Golden Gate Park, but days might have been profitably spent in
+the gardens and museum, and on account of lack of time we could
+only partly inspect the many interesting things to be seen at <span class="pagenum">p.185</span>
+the latter place, so I reserved a further inspection till my
+return home, which account will be given later on.</p>
+
+<p>If I was disappointed with San Francisco I was more than pleased with
+Los Angeles, for several reasons&mdash;the most important being that it is
+the starting-point for so many trips into the most beautiful places,
+of which a deal might be said, more than I have time to say just now.
+Los Angeles is said to contain 320,000, and likely it does, for the
+traffic is more congested in the principal streets than in San
+Francisco. I was told it would be so hot in Los Angeles that I took a
+light suit and straw hat to wear there, but I found it just such
+weather as we get in June, and I did not change my winter clothes or
+wear the straw hat at all, and when going out after dinner I wore my
+overcoat, being warned that I ran the risk of taking cold if I did
+not. The theatres of Los Angeles are many and good. The restaurants
+and cafeterias are both good and reasonable in price. It took us some
+time to get used to the cafeterias&rsquo; way of doing business. Imagine a
+line fifty feet long&mdash;men, women and children&mdash;waiting their turn to
+get their knife and fork, dessert and teaspoons, napkin and tray;
+then just such food and drinks as you may fancy, from bread 1c., to
+meats, 10c. to 25c. When your tray is loaded, you pass on to the
+woman who checks up what you have and gives you the price on a
+celluloid check, which, on going out, you hand to the cashier and
+pay. It is said that you can get used to anything in time, and we
+soon got used to this and found it popular with all, for these
+cafeterias are always full, the food being excellent.</p>
+
+<p>We patronized a vegetarian cafe often, where every thing was made
+from vegetables, no tea or coffee allowed, these drinks being
+considered unwholesome.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.186</p>
+
+<p>The abomination of Los Angeles is its automobiles and motor cycles,
+which I blessed many times a day. They say there are hundreds&mdash;I
+should say thousands&mdash;of them and they are always in evidence, day
+and night, and what with the number of cars, it was impossible to
+cross the streets at times, and it was surprising the narrow escapes
+I had. My attention was drawn to the height of the sidewalks, they
+often being twelve and fifteen inches above the road. It was soon
+explained, for a few days later, on going to the theatre, it rained,
+and three hours later, going home, the streets were running rivers of
+water, and we had to walk up and down to find a narrow place to get
+over to the sidewalk. The streets having high crowns, the water, of
+course, runs to the gutters, and often boards have to be laid from
+the sidewalk across the gutters to get over these torrents. The next
+morning, the rain storm being over, the streets were clear of water.
+It is the custom here to wash the streets down at night, so that they
+are always clean. They are made of asphalt, and in Pasadena of a
+composition of asphalt and fine stone or gravel, and are also treated
+with crude oil. As part of our time was spent in Pasadena, I have
+something to say of that most beautiful of all southern cities. It is
+about a half hour&rsquo;s run from Los Angeles, and you pass scores of
+pretty bungalows on the way, as well as stretches of country covered
+with very low green hills with cattle feeding. Pasadena is termed the
+"home of millionaires." Well, if handsome houses, grounds, trees and
+flowers make a millionaire&rsquo;s home, it is rightly named. Fine roads
+run in every direction past these lovely plains, and you are
+overpowered at times with the smell of orange blossoms as you pass
+through miles of orange orchards or groves.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.187</p>
+
+<p>Among the beautiful homes is that of Judge Spinks, surrounded by
+beautiful trees of all kinds, as well as an orange garden, where
+after a long auto ride we received the hospitality of Mrs. Spinks and
+Mrs. and Miss Clapham, and carried off a supply of oranges enough for
+a week. The many friends of Judge and Mrs. Spinks will be glad to
+know that his health has greatly improved since residing there.</p>
+
+<p>Passing the orange trees one day in the cars I noticed in the
+distance that the ground instead of being black or green was golden
+for quite a distance ahead and on drawing near found it to be caused
+by oranges, which completely covered up the surface of the soil, and
+was in fact the product of that grove picked and lying on the ground.</p>
+
+<p>What might be considered the finest place in Pasadena is the Busch
+estate; the grounds are a wonder in artistic taste and extent, and
+are to be added to, a large piece of ground having been recently
+bought by Mr. Busch for that purpose. The grounds are open to the
+public at all times, and his residence also at stated times. He is
+the head of the Anheuser-Busch beer concern. I might state what is a
+well-known fact, that they don&rsquo;t believe in fences down there. I have
+not seen one yet. All these lovely places are open to the road. You
+walk off the sidewalk to the house everywhere. Flowers grow even in
+the street, alongside the walk, and are cultivated by those whose
+property faces them. Speaking of trees, I must mention that they have
+the greatest variety of shade trees to be seen anywhere. The tall
+eucalyptus, imported from Australia, is seen by thousands, and the
+beautiful pepper tree of Chili or Peru. This tree was my favorite,
+looking something between a weeping willow and an acacia, but growing
+much taller, with its red <span class="pagenum">p.188</span> berries in bunches showing clearly on
+the green. Then the palms with their spreading branches or stems!
+Of these latter, we saw a pair that the gentleman informed me he had
+brought home in a coal oil tin sixteen years ago, and to-day the
+trunks were twenty inches thick and the trees spread over a surface
+of twenty-five feet, leaving a passage between to walk up to the
+front of the house. There are avenues of these beautiful trees in the
+various parks in Los Angeles, Pasadena and Riverside. Further, in the
+matter of trees I would draw a comparison between the authorities of
+these southern towns and our own municipal authorities. When making
+new roads or drives, they find a fine tree growing on the road;
+instead of cutting it down as our vandals do, they leave it there and
+protect it, and I saw a notable example of this, when three men were
+treating or doctoring a veteran growing on the road which showed
+signs of dying, and they were doing all that could be done to save
+its life and keep it there. As we wandered about admiring all this
+beauty in nature we came to an extra pretty place, and the impulse
+took hold of me to have a nearer view; to if possible get permission
+to pick an orange and some blossoms to send home; so I stopped in my
+walk and made for where I saw two ladies sitting in the sunshine in
+front of the cottage. My wife restrained me and I hesitated, but on
+casting my eyes towards the ladies I perceived one of them smile, so
+I proceeded on, and raising my hat, apologized for our interview,
+saying that we were from the north and were captivated by the beauty
+of the place. "Oh, not at all, you are perfectly welcome. Would you
+like to look around?" We gladly accepted, and were shown around the
+premises, and at my request to pick an orange myself to send home, I
+was given permission, and told I <span class="pagenum">p.189</span> might pick a lemon also, and
+would I like a bunch of orange blossoms?</p>
+
+<p>We finally had two card boxes given us, and packed the fruit in one
+and the orange blossoms in the other. We were then invited in to rest
+and found the ladies were representative of those we met
+afterwards&mdash;the most kindly and courteous&mdash;and here I must say that I
+never met more obliging people than these same good people of
+California. I never met with a rebuff from anyone, and I am sure I
+bothered them enough during our stay with enquiries of every kind and
+another.</p>
+
+<p>The police are instructed to supply everyone with necessary
+information and are provided with books containing such information
+as people may require. There are many excursions out of Los Angeles
+in various directions, of which we availed ourselves. One of these
+took us to Causton&rsquo;s ostrich farm, San Gabriel Mission, and Long
+Beach. The ostrich farm is well worth a visit, to see these monster
+birds running about with wings outstretched. We were informed that at
+the age of six months they were full grown, and considering their
+size and weight it is a wonder. They eat as much as a cow, and, to
+show how high they can reach, the keeper stood on something and
+raised his hand up to eight feet and the ostrich easily took an
+orange from his hand and swallowed it whole. We were warned not to
+come too close to them, for the ostrich is attracted by bright
+hatpins in the ladies&rsquo; hats or by jewelry, or by anything bright&mdash;all
+are swallowed whole. One was sitting on a batch of eggs, which had
+just been vacated by the male, who does the most of the sitting. The
+visit to the San Gabriel Mission was of great interest to me, for it
+was of ancient origin, having been one of those founded by Padre
+Junipero Serra in 1771. The church we visited, <span class="pagenum">p.190</span> and were conducted
+through by a lay priest who, in a monotonous tone of voice, recited
+all he knew of the mission. As before stated, the mission was about
+one hundred and forty years old, and one cannot but admire the zeal
+and devotion of the men who endured the hardships of the life they
+must have led so long ago. The church windows were very high from the
+ground, as the natives were not to be trusted, and the fathers might
+be surprised at any moment during the service and shot at. They had
+often to take refuge there from further attacks in early times. We
+were told that the building, which was built, as all were at that
+time, of sun-dried bricks and mud, was renewed since only in roof
+and seats. The original doors were preserved and shown us in a room.
+They were made very substantially, with iron bolts and bands and big
+locks, but now crumbling with age. The pictures of saints on the
+walls were painted in oil, and very poor specimens of art, I should
+say. They were old, and were sent from Spain. Although twenty-five
+cents was asked for admission we were asked to contribute to a fund
+for the restoration of the building, and many small coins were given
+by our party, and, when it is remembered that these excursions are
+daily, the year around, it must be an expensive job keeping the old
+building in repair. It looked as if twenty dollars would have covered
+the cost of any repairs made in a year, and it looked to me a case of
+graft on someone&rsquo;s part. There is another church, founded at the same
+time, in Los Angeles, and I produce all I could decipher of an
+ancient inscription I copied from the front: "Los ---- de Esta
+Parroquia A La Reina de Los Angelus" (built 1814). These missions are
+planted at stated distances from San Diego to San Francisco, and all
+by that pioneer of Roman Catholicism, Junipera Serra. There <span class="pagenum">p.191</span> is a
+statue to him in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco in the attitude of
+exhortation, leaning forward with arms extended upward. I visited
+three of the missions, and they are all about the same. There is
+great food for contemplation in visiting these relics of the past.
+To think of the conditions as existing then and now.</p>
+
+<p>We were photographed in front of the mission, after which we left for
+Long Beach and spent the balance of the afternoon. The beach was
+covered with bathers&mdash;men, women and children&mdash;and although the surf
+rolled high on the sands the bathers ran in and met the rollers,
+which completely buried them. They then emerged laughing, and waited
+for the next wave. There was quite a small town on the sands where
+there were shows of all kinds and booths for getting money by many
+ways in profusion.</p>
+
+<p>At the handsome and commodious Hotel Virginia we visited Mr. Roper of
+"Cherry Creek" who has been down here all the winter, and we found
+him getting better, but slowly.</p>
+
+<p>Although there are many Victorians go south to spend the winter each
+year, the great majority are for many reasons unable to do so, and I
+thought it might be of some interest to these latter to give them
+"items by the way" in going and coming on this most enjoyable sojourn
+to the land of fruit, flowers and beautiful homes.</p>
+
+<p>At all these winter resorts for people from the East and North are
+flowers, trees and fruit, with handsome hotels, fruits, beautiful
+shade trees, and last but not least, beautiful homes. There are
+public parks in all of them where in January people may sit out of
+doors among their flowers, with the mocking-birds singing on all
+sides. Residences are nearly all in the bungalow style, with
+projecting roofs. The more imposing residences <span class="pagenum">p.192</span> may be of Spanish
+architecture with red tiled roofs which look very handsome.</p>
+
+<p>I wondered at the large and handsome hotels in Pasadena, although
+Riverside, San Bernardino and San Diego all have good hotels. In
+Pasadena there was the Maryland with its pergola, a Spanish appendage
+covered with climbing flower vines which was very attractive; also
+the Green and the Raymond. There is little to be seen of the original
+inhabitants of this country, that is to say, of their descendants. It
+put me in mind of our own Indians, of the remnant of the Songhees
+tribe. They are all seemingly half or quarter breeds, and work as
+laborers for the railway company. I have already given in my boyhood
+experiences in San Francisco an account of a flag incident, and
+strange to say, I nearly had another in Los Angeles. One day I saw
+what might be an English flag flying from a high building, and the
+sight stirred me. So to make sure I threaded my way through the crowd
+for some distance and when opposite the building I walked off the
+sidewalk and craned my neck to look up six stories to make sure if it
+were really a Union Jack. Well, well! I thought, is it up so high to
+protect it from molestation, or is it that they are more
+liberal-minded here? I felt pleased, but when I espied what turned
+out to be the British coat-of-arms below the flag I saw the reason
+why. Just then along came a motor cycle and a motor car, and in the
+opposite direction a street car, and I recovered myself and got out
+of the way in quick time. It was the office of the British Consul,
+and that is why it waved. I consoled myself with the thought that it
+was after all only a certain class of American who would not tolerate
+any other flag in this country but his own, and I shall try and
+always think this.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.193</p>
+
+<p>We left Los Angeles and Redlands March 24th for San Francisco, where
+we arrived March 25th. In San Francisco I met an old Victorian, Tom
+Burnes, brother of William Burnes, H. M. customs. I had not seen him
+for years, and we started to explore the Plaza on Kearney and
+Washington Streets. This was the most familiar part of San Francisco
+to me, as I have passed through this part often as a boy. It is now
+known as Portman Square. I looked for the "Monumental" engine house
+from which I had run to fires in the early fifties. A blank space was
+pointed out where it had been, but the fire had destroyed this
+ancient landmark. In the Plaza Mr. Burnes showed me a monument to
+Robert Louis Stevenson, the English writer of such interesting sea
+stories. On the top was a ship of the time of Elizabeth, with the
+high poop deck, which must have represented something in one of his
+stories, and an inscription:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sc">"To Remember Robert L. Stevenson.</p>
+
+<p>"To be honest, to be kind, to earn a little, to spend a little less.
+To make upon the whole a family happier for his presence. To renounce
+when that be necessary. Not to be embittered. To keep a few friends,
+but those without capitulation. Above all, on the same grim
+condition, to keep friends with himself. Here is a task for all that
+man has of fortitude and delicacy."</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>This was erected by some admirers of the very interesting English
+writer who died, was it not in Samoa, so beloved by the natives.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.194</p>
+
+<p>Piloted by Mr. Burnes, we next viewed St. Mary&rsquo;s Cathedral. It had
+been fifty odd years since I had last been inside, and as a boy I had
+often been attracted by the music. The cathedral was completely
+gutted by the fire, which entered at the front doors and passed up
+the tower and to the roof, in fact making a complete ruin of the
+building. So that the original landmark should be preserved intact,
+they built a complete church inside of concrete and bolted the two
+walls together so that the building is as good as ever. New stained
+glass windows, altars and a new $25,000 organ have been donated by
+wealthy members of the congregation, so that we looked upon a new
+church inside and the original outside.</p>
+
+<p>We spent the afternoon at Golden Gate Park, which was the great sight
+of San Francisco, four miles long, laid out as an immense garden or
+succession of gardens, with conservatories and aviaries, tropical
+trees, winding roads and paths in all directions. The first thing to
+attract my attention before entering the museum was a statue of Padre
+Junipero Serra, the intrepid founder of so many missions along the
+coast of California. There were also monuments to Abraham Lincoln,
+General Grant, and that stirring preacher of the south, Starr King.
+Time was valuable, so I had to give up a further inspection of the
+park to give all remaining time to the museum, which closed at four
+o&rsquo;clock. All the time we were in the museum I noticed two policemen
+patrolling about and I thought it unusual, and on inquiry found that
+lately a most valuable picture had been taken by being cut out of the
+frame. After some trouble the thief had been captured and the picture
+recovered. The thief gave as a reason for stealing it that he thought
+it might inspire him to paint just such a picture, he being ambitious
+to be a painter. I hardly <span class="pagenum">p.195</span> think this excuse will weigh with the
+authorities. In the room of pioneer relics I found many interesting
+things. First a large bell which recorded on the outside the founding
+of the volunteer fire department, organized 1850, George Hosseproso,
+chief engineer. Firemen of those days were men of account, in fact,
+many men of prominence were officers or members of the fire
+department. Second, four mission bells from an old mission church at
+Carmelo, Monterey County, built by Padre Junipero Serra, 1770; San
+Francisco&rsquo;s first printing press, used in publishing the first
+newspaper in California, in 1846, at Monterey; a picture of Jno.
+Truebody, a pioneer business man of San Francisco, whom I remember
+well; two glass cases of relics presented by John Bardwell, of the
+<i>vigilante</i> days, containing firearms, batons, certificates of
+membership in the <i>vigilante</i> committee, pieces of rope, being
+cut off the original ropes with which they hanged Cora, Casey,
+Hetherington and Brace, for the assassination of James King of
+William, and General Richardson. James King of William was the editor
+of the <i>Chronicle</i>, and in an election campaign James King, who
+was opposed to Casey in politics, mentioned the fact that Casey had
+been a jail-bird in his youth. This was taken up by Casey&rsquo;s friends
+and three of them agreed that the first one of the three who should
+meet James King should shoot him. Casey being the first to meet
+him performed the deed. For this he was hanged by the vigilance
+committee, who demanded him from the authorities. This committee was
+formed immediately after the assassination.</p>
+
+<p>Cora was hanged for the murder of General Richardson because of a
+slight cast on Cora&rsquo;s wife by the former. <span class="pagenum">p.196</span> Pistols seemed to have
+been carried by all as a necessity. Cora and Casey were taken out of
+the jail by the vigilance committee and hanged May 18th, 1856. There
+were also pieces of the rope used in hanging Hetherington and Brace
+for the murder of Baldwin, Randall, West and Marion, July 29th, 1856.
+There were pictures also of Judge Terry, A. B. Paul, Wm. T. Coleman,
+Charles Doane, James King of William, and a picture of the scene
+of his assassination. I recognized this locality immediately I saw
+it. It was the offices of the Pacific Express Co., on the corner
+of Washington and Montgomery. There were also pictures of Fort
+Gunnybags, the headquarters of the vigilance committee, showing the
+alarm bell and the sentries on the roof; also Lola Montez, Countess
+of Bavaria, a most notable woman of those exciting times, and of
+William C. Ralston. There was a picture of the pavilion of the first
+Mechanics&rsquo; Exhibition, held in San Francisco in 1857. I remember this
+exhibition well, as on a certain day all the school children were
+given free admission, and it was as a school boy I went.</p>
+
+<p>There was an extensive collection of relics of the past in the
+Egyptian rooms, many being <i>facsimiles</i> of the originals in the
+British Museum. Where this was the case it was so stated, but there
+were many genuine things, amongst which I noted a wooden statue
+dating back about 1,000 years before Christ, being the wife, and also
+sister of Osiris, and mother of Horus, chief deity of Egypt. Strictly
+on the stroke of four o&rsquo;clock a policeman went through the building
+and called out that the buildings must be closed. I made a request to
+one of these policemen to see the curator, and he took me to his
+office; he was, unfortunately, not in, but I saw his assistant and
+offered her some relics of early <span class="pagenum">p.197</span> San Francisco, which were
+accepted. I was watching the people filing out, prior to closing,
+when out came three bluejackets, whose caps showed they belonged to
+H. M. S. <i>Shearwater</i>. I introduced myself, and remarked, "What are
+you boys doing here? I should hardly have expected to have seen
+sailors so far from their ship." "Oh, sir, we are at anchor in the
+harbor yonder, and will be leaving Monday for Esquimalt." I saw her
+that evening at anchor, with the Union Jack flapping in the breeze,
+and suppose the Jacks were aboard all right.</p>
+
+<p>We were advised that the mint was open to visitors between the hours
+of 9.30 and 11.30, and as I had not been there for about twenty years
+we joined a party one morning. On presenting ourselves we were
+ushered into a waiting-room with others. Later on a man in uniform
+came for us. We were counted and told to follow. We were first taken
+down to a room in the cellar where we were instructed as to what we
+should see, and given a lot of information about the mint. This was
+done where it was quiet, as where the work was done it is very noisy.
+The first process was melting the silver in crucibles, which were
+emptied of their contents when in a liquid state into molds, which
+were in turn emptied out, were grasped by a man who passed them on
+with thick leather-gloved hands to powerful rollers which rolled the
+ingots out to long strips like hoop-iron, after being passed through
+many times. These strips, which were then as thick as a dollar, were
+passed under a stamp, which punched out the coins about 120 a minute.
+They were continually being examined by various men who now and then
+threw out imperfect ones. They were then passed on to another room
+where there was a perfect din of machinery. They were now passed
+under an <span class="pagenum">p.198</span> immense stamp and the image was punched on under a
+pressure of one hundred and twenty-eight tons. They were then coins,
+and after several other examinations were cooled and passed, one
+being handed around for our inspection. In addition to the dollar we
+saw the same routine gone through in making a copper cent piece.
+I tried to get one, but he said every one was counted and must be
+produced. There were several who wanted souvenirs and wished to pay
+for them. We were counted again, signed our names and left.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.199</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov26">CHAPTER XXVI.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">AN HISTORIC STEAMER.</p>
+
+<p>The following interesting account of the historic steamer
+<i>Beaver</i>, the first to round the Horn into the Pacific, will be
+read by native sons as well as pioneers with renewed interest, as it
+is many years since this account was published.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Beaver</i> lay off the old Customs House for a long time,
+until taken by the Admiralty for hydrographic work. When done with
+for that purpose she was sold for mercantile purposes again.</p>
+
+<p>For some years she was in charge of my old friend, Captain "Wully
+Mutchell," as he was called by his friends, and he had many, for he
+was as jolly as a sandboy and always joking, in fact more like a man
+of fifty instead of eighty, as he really was.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img35">
+<img width="392" height="307" src="images/vi35.jpg" alt="[Illustration: The steamer Beaver.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>"More than thirty-nine years have passed and a generation of men have
+come and gone since the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s steamer <i>Beaver</i>,
+whose sale was chronicled yesterday, floated with the tide down the
+River Thames, through the British Channel, and went out into the
+open, trackless sea, rounded Cape Horn, clove the placid waters of
+the Pacific Ocean, and anchored at length, after a passage that
+lasted one hundred and sixty-three days, at Astoria on the Columbia
+River, then the chief &lsquo;town&rsquo; on the Pacific Coast. Built and equipped
+at a period when the problem of steam marine navigation was yet to be
+solved, is it any <span class="pagenum">p.200</span> wonder that the little steamer which was
+destined to traverse two oceans&mdash;one of them scarcely known outside
+of books of travel&mdash;was an object of deep and engrossing interest
+from the day that her keel was first laid until the morning when she
+passed out of sight amidst the encouraging cheers of thousands
+gathered on either shore, and the answering salvoes of her own guns,
+on a long voyage to an unknown sea?</p>
+
+<p>"Titled men and women watched the progress of construction. King
+William and 160,000 of his loyal subjects witnessed the launch. A
+Duchess broke the traditional bottle of champagne over the bow and
+bestowed the name she has ever since proudly worn. The engines and
+boilers, built by Bolton and Watt (Watt was a son of the great Watt)
+were placed in their proper positions on board, but it was not
+considered safe to work them on the passage; so she was rigged as a
+brig and came out under sail. A bark accompanied her as convoy to
+assist in case of accident; but the <i>Beaver</i> set all canvas, ran
+out of sight of her &lsquo;protector,&rsquo; and reached the Columbia twenty-two
+days ahead. Captain Home was the name of the first commander of the
+<i>Beaver</i>; he brought her out, and we can well imagine the feeling
+of pride with which he bestrode the deck of his brave little ship,
+which carried six guns&mdash;nine-pounders. The <i>Beaver</i>, soon after
+reaching Astoria, got up steam, and after having &lsquo;astonished the
+natives&rsquo; with her performances, sailed up to Nisqually, then the
+Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s chief station on the Pacific. Here Captain
+McNeil (now commander of the <i>Enterprise</i>), took command of the
+<i>Beaver</i>, and Captain Home, retiring to one of the Company&rsquo;s forts
+on Columbia River, perished in 1837 in Death&rsquo;s Rapids by the
+upsetting of a boat. From that period until the steamer passed into <span class="pagenum">p.201</span>
+the hands of the Imperial hydrographers, the history of the
+<i>Beaver</i> was that of most of the Company&rsquo;s trading vessels. She
+ran north and south, east and west, collecting furs and carrying
+goods to and from the stations for many years. Amongst the best known
+of her officers during that period were Capt. Dodds, Capt. Brotchie,
+Capts. Scarborough, Sangster, Mouat and others, all of whom passed
+away long since, but have left their names behind them. We believe
+we are correct in saying that not a single person who came out in
+the <i>Beaver</i> in 1835 is now alive; and nearly all the Company&rsquo;s
+officers, with a few exceptions, who received her on her arrival at
+Columbia River, are gone, too.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img36">
+<img width="276" height="439" src="images/vi36.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Captain &ldquo;Willie&rdquo; Mitchell.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>"Yesterday, through the courtesy of Capt. Rudlin (one of her new
+owners and future commander) we visited the old ship. On board we met
+the venerable Captain William Mitchell, who has had charge of the
+vessel for some years. He was busily engaged in packing his clothes
+into chests preparatory to going ashore. He remembers well the
+<i>Beaver</i> in her early days. Every room, every plank possesses
+historic interest to him. He pointed out the Captain&rsquo;s room. &lsquo;Just
+the same,&rsquo; said he, &lsquo;as when I first saw it in &rsquo;36. There&rsquo;s the chest
+of drawers, there&rsquo;s the bunk, and there&rsquo;s the hook where the
+Captain&rsquo;s pipe hung, and many&rsquo;s the smoke I&rsquo;ve had in these cabins
+nearly forty years ago. Nothing below has been changed,&rsquo; continued
+Captain Mitchell, &lsquo;except&mdash;except the faces that used to people these
+rooms in the days long ago, and&rsquo;&mdash;pointing to his thin, gray
+locks&mdash;&lsquo;I was a deal younger then!&rsquo; He led the way into the
+engine-room, chatting pleasantly as he went and relating incidents
+connected with the <i>Beaver</i> and her dead people of an interesting
+character which <span class="pagenum">p.202</span> we may some day give to the world. There are two
+engines, of seventy-five horse-power, as bright and apparently as
+little worn as when they first came from the shop of Bolton and Watt.
+From some cuddy hole the Captain drew forth the ship&rsquo;s bell, on which
+was inscribed &lsquo;<i>Beaver</i>, 1835;&rsquo; then he showed us into the little
+forecastle with the hammock-hooks still attached to the timbers, from
+which had swung two generations of sailors. Then the main deck was
+regained and we took leave of the gallant old gentleman and Captain
+Rudlin, who informed us that the <i>Beaver</i> will be taken alongside
+of Dickson, Campbell &amp; Co.&rsquo;s wharf to-day to undergo the important
+changes necessary to the new trade in which she will henceforth be
+employed."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.203</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov27">CHAPTER XXVII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">COLONEL WOLFENDEN&mdash;IN MEMORIAM.</p>
+
+<p>When I look back over my soldiering days the figure that I first
+remember is Colonel Wolfenden, then a sergeant in the volunteers, and
+I a full private. It was not, I think, until I was twenty years old
+and a member for two years, that I remember him, when he was elected
+captain from sergeant. I might say that the volunteers were a
+different organization from the militia. You enlisted for a term, the
+same as in the latter organization, and officers were elected from
+the company. Uniforms were paid for by each member, the cost being
+$26 for everything complete. Dues had to be paid also, fifty cents a
+month, and ammunition for target practice had also to be paid for. It
+was a good deal like the volunteer firemen of that day, who had to
+pay dues and buy their uniform.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img37">
+<img width="260" height="421" src="images/vi37.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Colonel Wolfenden.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>If ever there was an enthusiastic volunteer it was Captain Wolfenden,
+and under the most trying circumstances. In those days (forty-four
+years ago) soldiering was not as popular as it was when it was merged
+into the Canadian militia, when uniform was free, ammunition was free
+and there were no fees to pay. It was therefore hard work to get a
+company together and keep them together under the circumstances.
+Captain Wolfenden having the matter at heart did his best, and more
+than his best, if that were possible, to make a good showing, and he
+encouraged me to get members and <span class="pagenum">p.204</span> raised me to corporal, and
+later to sergeant and finally on our merging into the Canadian
+militia he made me senior sergeant. I must honestly confess I did not
+think I deserved this at the time, for I was a nervous subject and
+got rattled at times, but for his sake, who showed a partiality for
+me, I did my best and was always at drill as he was, no matter what
+the weather was. It was as captain of volunteers that he joined the
+Canadian militia, and soon after was appointed colonel in charge,
+which high position he worked for and earned by faithful service. I
+think what made us such good friends was our early comradeship in the
+volunteers. We used to have march-outs to Esquimalt, to Cadboro Bay
+or to Beacon Hill and back, and to enliven the march would sing
+songs; those with a good chorus which were joined in by the rest.
+These days of the past were often talked over by us in later years,
+while I, to please the Collector of Customs, Mr. Hamly, in 1884,
+resigned membership in the militia, after eighteen years as a
+volunteer soldier. Colonel Wolfenden continued on for many years.
+In conclusion I might add that when I joined the volunteers Captain
+Laing, then manager of the Bank of British Columbia, was captain. I
+cannot remember whether Colonel Wolfenden was a member then or not,
+but it was not long after. Other officers of that time were Adjutant
+Vinter, Captain Fletcher (P. O. Inspector), Captain Dorman (deputy
+Inspector), Major Roscoe (hardware merchant), Captain T. L. Wood
+(Solicitor-General), Captain Drummond (company No. 2), and Chaplain
+Rev. Thomas Sommerville. Occasionally we went into camp for a month,
+and generally at Beacon Hill, or at Henley&rsquo;s, at Clover Point. These
+camps were made very interesting by entertainments being frequently
+given, and to which our friends <span class="pagenum">p.205</span> were invited. Oh, those were days
+worth remembering! During the time of the Fenian Raid we were
+encamped in the trees just about where the bear pits were, and the
+night sentries were told to keep a strict lookout, and challenge all
+intruders. This was taken advantage of by some young fellows to play
+a lark on us. So one night when the camp was asleep, we were all
+awakened by the sentry&rsquo;s outcry. He happened to be the late Robert
+Homfray, a rather nervous man. I got up with the rest, and there
+was the sentry with what he declared was an infernal machine, which
+had been thrown into the camp by someone who had made off in the
+darkness. The infernal machine consisted of a bottle filled with what
+was supposed to be giant powder, and bits of iron or steel, with a
+fuse sticking out of the neck of the bottle. It was, after careful
+inspection without much handling, put away till the morning, and
+then, a more strict examination revealed the contents to be simply
+small bits of coal to represent giant powder, and genuine steel
+filings. This was a standing joke against us, and especially Private
+Homfray, for many a day afterwards. To conclude, finally, I am sure I
+have the most kindly recollections of my friend of so many years, as
+have many more to-day, who will bear full testimony to his sterling
+worth as a soldier, government official and gentleman.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.206</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov28">CHAPTER XXVIII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">THE CLOSING OF VIEW STREET IN 1858.</p>
+
+<p>It is known to few only that View Street at one time reached from
+Cook to Wharf Street.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img38">
+<img width="259" height="420" src="images/vi38.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Senator Macdonald.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>In the Victoria <i>Gazette</i> of 1858 appear several items regarding
+this street. A public meeting was called for by certain citizens who
+considered themselves more aggrieved than the general public, in that
+they, being residents of the upper part of View Street, had on coming
+to business, to walk on to Fort or Yates Street to get to Government
+or Wharf. Without any notice the street was fenced across on Broad
+and also on Government. The <i>Gazette</i> states that there was
+great dissatisfaction at the fencing of the vacant space on
+"Broadway" and Government Streets, which the paper stated was used as
+a cabbage patch, and there was talk of pulling the fence down.</p>
+
+<p>All the agitation seems to have amounted to nothing, for not only was
+the fence not pulled down, but J. J. Southgate, one of the earliest
+merchants of Victoria, erected a large wooden building on the street.
+By referring to the engraving this building may be seen indicated by
+a cross. Later on Southgate erected the present brick building which
+Hibben &amp; Co. have just vacated after an occupancy of forty odd years.
+The <i>Gazette</i> stated later on that the Governor had sold the
+lots to Mr. Southgate, and that settled the matter.</p>
+
+<p>That it was not intended that View Street should end <span class="pagenum">p.207</span> at Broad
+is evident, as Bastion Street was then known as View Street, being so
+called in Mallandaine&rsquo;s first directory (1859.)</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Trounce, who owned the land through which Trounce Avenue passes,
+after the closing of View Street, decided to make an alleyway through
+his property so as to more easily let his stores. This alley has been
+open ever since, but used to be closed for a day each year for many
+years after.</p>
+
+<p>I might state that J. J. Southgate, who was a prominent Mason, called
+a meeting of "all Free Masons at his new store on Monday evening,
+July 12th, 1858, at 7 o&rsquo;clock, to consider important matters
+connected with the organization of the order."</p>
+
+<p>T. N. Hibben &amp; Co., who have just vacated this site after so many
+years, have moved only once before since going into business on the
+corner of Yates and Langley Streets, in 1858, by the firm name of
+"Hibben &amp; Carswell." The building is that brick one lately sold. Both
+founders of this well-known and long-established business, together
+with their bookkeeper who later became a partner (Mr. Kammerer) have
+passed away, and the firm now consists of Mr. Hibben&rsquo;s widow and
+William H. Bone, who has been connected with the firm since 1871.</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">"Did the Thoroughfare Once Run Through to The Harbor? A Question
+of Records.</h4>
+
+<p>"The question of whether or not View Street, which is now blocked by
+stores and office buildings at Broad Street, was ever open to traffic
+as a thoroughfare clear through, which theory D. W. Higgins, in an
+interview published in the <i>Colonist</i> last week denied, is causing <span class="pagenum">p.208</span>
+considerable discussion among old-time residents. Yesterday Edgar
+Fawcett, who first broached the subject, gave the <i>Colonist</i> the
+following further argument on the question:</p>
+
+<p>"As my friend Mr. Higgins joins issue with me on my account of the
+closing of View Street in 1858, I am going to give him some further
+evidence. I would not for a moment match my memory or knowledge of
+events of the early history of Victoria with Mr. Higgins, who arrived
+months before I did, and from his position as a newspaper man had far
+better opportunities of getting knowledge of passing events. But Mr.
+Higgins did not arrive early enough, if the evidence in the Victoria
+<i>Gazette</i> is worth anything. I had the opportunity of reviewing
+the first year&rsquo;s numbers, and jotted down all items I thought of
+interest. This I gave to the <i>Colonist</i> readers some years ago,
+and the items regarding View Street were some of them. I think Mr.
+Higgins will forgive me if I say that the <i>Gazette&rsquo;s</i> evidence
+is likely to be more correct than mere memory. I am glad of the
+opportunity to correct an error I made in copying from my former
+article; that of substituting the name of Southgate for Stamp.
+Southgate&rsquo;s name occurred several times in items, and I find by
+referring to my former article, that I have Captain Stamp&rsquo;s name all
+right. Now for the further evidence. I would ask if it is likely that
+any one would build a wharf on Broad Street, say at the office of the
+Daily <i>Times</i>, Ltd., which is now at the foot of View Street? I
+ask this because in the <i>Gazette</i> it is announced that Rousette
+is building a wharf at the foot of View Street, which meant next to
+the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s warehouse on Wharf Street. Further, I
+produce from Mallandaine&rsquo;s <span class="pagenum">p.209</span> First Directory, compiled in 1859,
+two advertisements which will show that View Street ended on Wharf
+Street opposite the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s store:</p>
+
+<div style="text-align:center;"><p>
+  F. J. St. Ours<br />
+  Wharf Street, near View<br />
+  Kaindler&rsquo;s wharf&mdash;Victoria, V. I.<br />
+  Commission Merchant<br />
+  Storage<br />
+  Etc., Etc., Etc.
+  </p>
+
+<hr style="width:6em;"/>
+
+<p>
+  Reid &amp; Macdonald<br />
+  Commission and General Merchants<br />
+  Warehousemen<br />
+  Wharf Street,<br />
+  Corner of View Street<br />
+  Victoria, V. I.
+  </p></div>
+
+<h4 class="sc">"Neither Bastion Nor View.</h4>
+
+<p>"To the Editor:&mdash;Having read with great interest Mr. Edgar Fawcett&rsquo;s
+letter <i>re</i> the query as to the permanent term for the street
+now named as View and Bastion, may I make a suggestion that in the
+event of a re-naming that the thoroughfare be known as Fawcett
+Street? Many old residents are perpetuated in street names, and I
+feel sure, after the indefatigable efforts put forward by Mr. Fawcett
+in all issues connected with archaic research in Victoria and its
+immediate environs, that it would be a fitting tribute on the part of
+the city fathers to perpetuate the name of such a zealous citizen.</p>
+
+<p class="sig sc">"Well Wisher.</p>
+<p class="sig" style="padding-right:4em;">"Victoria, B.C., Nov. 8th, 1910."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.210</p>
+
+
+<h4 class="sc">"View or Bastion or Both?</h4>
+
+<p>"To the Editor:&mdash;In case the project for extending View Street
+through the burnt block is carried out, what name would be given the
+street when it connects with Bastion at the corner of Government?
+Although View Street as originally planned commenced at the
+waterfront where the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s store stands, I think
+&lsquo;Bastion&rsquo; a better name for the street, as it was the northern
+boundary for the fort, and, as is well known, Richardson&rsquo;s cigar
+store stands on ground formerly occupied by the N. E. bastion, and is
+therefore a historic spot or landmark.</p>
+
+<p>"Since the correspondence with respect to View Street and where it
+commenced and ended, I have met two gentlemen who were residents in
+1855 and who both state positively that View Street was always open
+for traffic from Wharf Street eastward until 1858, when the land now
+proposed to be expropriated was fenced in on Government and Broadway,
+as Broad Street was then known, by Captain Stamp, with the consent of
+Governor Douglas, on behalf of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company."</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">"The Bridge to the Reserve.</h4>
+
+<p>"Sir:&mdash;There cannot be two opinions as to the utility of a bridge
+over the harbor from the bottom of Johnson Street. The first bridge
+crossing to the Songhees reserve at this point was built by Governor
+Douglas prior to 1860, it being an ordinary pile bridge such as
+graced, or disgraced, James Bay until the Causeway was built. The
+first bridge over to the reserve was part of the highway to
+Esquimalt, Craigflower, Metchosin and Sooke, and was very much in use
+in the olden days.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.211</p>
+
+<p>"A continuous stream of people, many Indians amongst them, passed to
+and fro, and in times of potlatches, when there were hundreds of
+Indians living there, and as many visitors from other reservations on
+the island, and even mainland, it was a busy place. The ceremony of
+making a medicine man I have seen on two occasions, when a candidate
+was locked up for days, being kept without food, and then at the
+appointed time let loose, when he ran about like a madman and was
+supposed to catch a dog, of which there were scores on the reserve,
+and in his hunger bite pieces out of the dog. It was very unsafe at
+times for persons to go over to the reserve at night, on account of
+the drunken Indians.</p>
+
+<p>"But this is beside the question I started to write about, which was
+the bridge and its approach on Johnson Street end. I repeat what I
+said in reviewing four old pictures of 1866 which appeared in the
+<i>Colonist</i> of a few weeks ago. In speaking of the old buildings
+to be seen on the water-front next to the sand and gravel concern,
+&lsquo;there are two which, I remarked, should not have been allowed to
+remain so long.&rsquo; One was known in the earliest times as the &lsquo;salmon
+house,&rsquo; where the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company salted, packed and stored
+their salmon. It may have been considered an ornament in those days,
+but in these days of progress it is an eyesore and very much in the
+way. Opposite this building, and across the street, was manufactured
+most of the &lsquo;tangle leg&rsquo; whiskey sold to the Indians in those days,
+and which drove them crazy, rather than made them drunk.</p>
+
+<p class="sig sc">"Edgar Fawcett."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.212</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov29">CHAPTER XXIX.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">MR. FAWCETT RETIRES FROM THE CUSTOMS.</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">"Pioneer Pensioned by the Department&mdash;One of the Oldest Residents
+of the City.</h4>
+
+<p>"After twenty-nine years&rsquo; service in His Majesty&rsquo;s customs as
+assistant appraiser in charge of the Postal Package and Express
+Office, Mr. Edgar Fawcett has just received word that he has been
+retired with a substantial pension. While glad to retire, Mr. Fawcett
+said he feels that he will miss the favor he has met with at the
+Customs House week by week for so many years.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Fawcett was presented with an address by the customs staff
+yesterday and a presentation was made of a leather chair and stool.
+The presentation address was signed by every member of the customs
+staff.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Edgar Fawcett is a pioneer. He came to Victoria in 1859 and is
+one of the best informed men in the city concerning the history and
+material development of this portion of the province, and he himself
+has taken no insignificant part in affairs of a general public
+nature. He has written many reminiscences of early days in Victoria
+and is a recognized authority along these lines.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img39">
+<img width="265" height="456" src="images/vi39.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Fawcett as Rifle Volunteer.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>"Mr. Fawcett is a native of Australia, having been born of English
+ancestry at Sydney, N.S.W., on February 1st, 1847. His father, who
+was a carpet manufacturer at the noted British manufactory of
+carpets, <span class="pagenum">p.213</span> Kiddermaster, was a cousin of Sir Rowland Hill, the
+British Postmaster-General, whose work for the penny post is known.
+The family emigrated to Australia in 1838, and remained there until
+1849, when they were among the &lsquo;forty-niners&rsquo; to become pioneers of
+California. Mr. Fawcett, Sr., invested at San Francisco in a vessel
+which he engaged in freighting lumber between British Columbia and
+San Francisco, and this craft was lost in the Straits of Juan de Fuca
+in 1857, causing him some financial embarrassment. In 1858 the father
+came to Victoria to recoup his fortunes, the family following a year
+later. Mr. Fawcett, Sr., was an honored citizen of Victoria for
+thirty years, and for three years filled the post of Government agent
+at Nanaimo. In 1889 he returned to England and died at the age of
+seventy-six years. Of his sons, Edgar Fawcett and Rowland W. Fawcett
+remained in British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Fawcett came to Victoria as a boy of twelve years of age, and in
+the early period of the city&rsquo;s history, when there was little more
+than a village on the site of the old fort, he used his facilities of
+observation to good advantage, and carries in his memory exact
+impressions and scenes as he then saw them. He received his early
+education in Victoria at the Collegiate School and the Colonial
+School, and began his business career with his brother as an
+upholsterer until 1882, when he entered the Dominion Civil Service,
+first as a clerk in the custom house, and he has been promoted from
+time to time.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Fawcett served as a sergeant in the old Victoria Rifle
+Volunteers, afterward merged into the Canadian militia under Colonel
+Wolfenden. He was among the first to join the volunteer fire
+department of Victoria. He is the only remaining charter member of
+the <span class="pagenum">p.214</span> Pioneers&rsquo; Society, and was secretary at the first meeting
+when organized in Smith&rsquo;s Hall, Victoria, in 1871. He is a veteran
+member of the Oddfellows, having joined the order in 1868. He is a
+veteran member of the church committee of the Reformed Episcopal
+Church, and was active in the organization of this church about
+thirty-five years ago."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.215</p>
+
+<h3 id="rov30">CHAPTER XXX.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">SOME COLORED PIONEERS.</p>
+
+<p>Here is an interesting little story to early residents of over fifty
+years ago that may be recalled for their edification. It would be
+interesting to present residents to know that in 1858 Victoria had a
+larger colored population than she has to-day, although with now
+three times the population. This is how it happened, and thereon
+hangs the tale:</p>
+
+<p>Before the rush to the Fraser River gold diggings and in California
+there was an act passed through the Legislature of that state making
+it compulsory for all colored men to wear a distinctive badge. This
+called forth indignation from all the colored residents of
+California, and resulted in a meeting being held in San Francisco,
+delegates from all parts coming. At this meeting, after the matter
+had been fully discussed, it was decided to send a delegation of
+three, representing the colored residents of California, to Victoria
+to interview Governor Douglas, to know how they would be received in
+this colony. The delegation, consisting of Mifflin W. Gibbs,&mdash;Moses,
+a barber, and another, met Governor Douglas and received such
+encouragement that they returned and reported favorably. The result
+of this was that eight hundred colored persons&mdash;men, women and
+children&mdash;emigrated to Victoria during 1858 and 1859.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.216</p>
+
+<p>What induced me to write this matter up was the resurrecting of a
+newspaper cutting, evidently from the Victoria <i>Gazette</i>, for
+which I am indebted to Mr. Newbury, collector of customs, and which
+is given verbatim:</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img40">
+<img width="263" height="438" src="images/vi40.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Samuel Booth.]" />
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="sc">"Application for Citizenship.</h4>
+
+<p>"We have copied the names and occupations of the persons who have
+made application to be admitted to the rights of British subjects
+within the past few days, and give them below. They foot up
+fifty-four in number&mdash;fifty-three are colored and one white.</p>
+
+<h5>"<i>Victoria Town.</i></h5>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>"George Henry Anderson, farmer.</li>
+  <li>William Isaacs, farmer.</li>
+  <li>Fielding Spotts, cooper.</li>
+  <li>James Samson, teamster.</li>
+  <li>Richard Stokes, carrier.</li>
+  <li>John Thomas Dunlop, carman.</li>
+  <li>Nathan Pointer, merchant.</li>
+  <li>Augustus Christopher, porter.</li>
+  <li>Isaac Gohiggin, teamster.</li>
+  <li>William Alex. Scott, barber.</li>
+  <li>Mifflin Wister Gibbs, merchant.</li>
+  <li>William Miller, saloon-keeper.</li>
+  <li>George H. Matthews, merchant.</li>
+  <li>Robert Abernethy, baker.</li>
+  <li>Henry Perpero, gardener.</li>
+  <li>Thomas Palmer Freeman, storekeeper.</li>
+  <li>Stephen Anderson, miner.</li>
+  <li>Edward A. Booth, water carrier.</li>
+  <li>William Grant, teamster.<span class="pagenum">p.217</span></li>
+  <li>Henry Holly Brenen, cook.</li>
+  <li>Samuel John Booth, caulker.</li>
+  <li>Joshua B. Handy, restaurant-keeper.</li>
+  <li>William Brown, merchant.</li>
+  <li>Timothy Roberts, teamster.</li>
+  <li><a href="#fnote1">*</a>William Copperman, Indian trader.</li>
+  <li>Matthew Fred. Monet, fruiterer.</li>
+  <li>John Baldwin, greengrocer.</li>
+  <li>Stephen Whitley, laundryman.</li>
+  <li>Charles H. Thorp, ship carpenter.</li>
+  <li>George Washington Hobbs, teamster.</li>
+  <li>Willis Carroll Bond, contractor.</li>
+  <li>Elison Dowdy, painter.</li>
+  <li>Archer Fox, barber.</li>
+  <li>Robert H. Williamson, blacksmith.</li>
+  <li>Randel Caesar, barber.</li>
+  <li>Fortune Richard, ship carpenter.</li>
+  <li>T. Devine Mathews, carrier.</li>
+  <li>Robert Tilghman, barber.</li>
+  <li>Charles Humphrey Scott, grocer.</li>
+  <li>Thomas H. Jackson, drayman.</li>
+  <li>Ashbury Buhler, tailor.</li>
+  <li>Archer Lee, porter.</li>
+  <li>John Lewis, porter.</li>
+  <li>Thorenton Washington, carpenter.</li>
+  <li>Lewis Scott, carpenter.</li>
+  <li>William Glasco, teamster.</li>
+  <li>John Dandridge, no occupation.</li>
+  <li>Adolphus C. Richards, plasterer.</li>
+  <li>Fielding Smithers, messenger.</li>
+  <li>John E. Edwards, hair dresser.</li>
+  <li>Paris Carter, grocer.</li>
+  <li>Augustus Travers, porter.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+<div id="fnote1">
+<p>[*] Footnote: White.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.218</p>
+
+<h5><i>"Victoria District.</i></h5>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>"Richard Jackson, gardener.</li>
+  <li>Patrick Jerome Addison, farmer."</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The names will be familiar to many of our old-timers, but, strange to
+say, of this list only seven families are represented to-day: That of
+F. Spotts, farmer; Nathan Pointer, M. W. Gibbs, William Grant, Samuel
+J. Booth, Paris Carter and Gus Travers.</p>
+
+<p>As they were promised equal rights with the whites by Governor
+Douglas, they proceeded to claim these rights in various ways, which
+was resisted by the American residents, who formed a large majority
+of the residents of Victoria then. It has been told by Mr. Higgins of
+the colored people who had reserved seats in the dress circle of the
+theatre, and of the indignation of the Americans who had seats next
+to them; several colored men went into Joe Lovett&rsquo;s saloon and called
+for drink. Joe Lovett refused to serve them. The colored men brought
+the matter before Judge Pemberton, who decided that Lovett was in the
+wrong, and must serve them; but that he might charge them $2.50 a
+drink if he wished. An American and his family occupied a pew in
+Victoria District Church, and one hot Sunday the sexton showed a
+colored man into the pew. The American left the church and wrote a
+very indignant letter to the <i>Gazette</i> on the insult offered to
+the American people by such a proceeding. This called for a reply
+from the Rev. Mr. Cridge in defence of his sexton. Also Mr. Gibbs
+wrote a very caustic letter, in which he handled the gentleman
+without gloves. This Mr. Gibbs, after leaving Victoria, rose to a
+high position in the United States, having been appointed minister to
+Hayti. He kept a grocery here on lower Yates <span class="pagenum">p.219</span> Street in connection
+with Peter Lester. Many of these colored people returned to the
+United States after the Civil War was ended. The fire department
+was modelled after the San Francisco department, and was composed
+principally of Americans. On the formation of the hook and ladder
+company several colored men sent in their names for membership. All
+were black-balled. As they saw by this that there was a dead-set
+made against them, they then decided to form a volunteer military
+company. In this they were encouraged by the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company,
+who lent them muskets. This move on the part of the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay
+Company was supposed to have been made on the promise of the support
+of the colored military in case they were required to maintain
+order.</p>
+
+<p>On the installation of Governor Kennedy, later on, this volunteer
+company stated they were going as a guard of honor. This, I believe,
+was discouraged by the press, but they put in an appearance with a
+band of music. In reply to an address, Governor Kennedy advised them
+to disband, as they were illegally organized, there being no
+authority for their organization. This was a great disappointment to
+them, as they had been to the expense of uniforms and band and drill
+hall; in addition to which they had been drilling for months, and now
+all for nothing. But there was nothing for it under these
+circumstances but to comply, and so the colored military were
+disbanded. They were succeeded by a company of white volunteers, who
+wore white blanket uniforms trimmed with blue. They used to drill on
+Church Hill in the evenings, and were a great attraction. This was
+the beginning of the volunteer rifle movement, which was eventually
+merged into the Canadian militia. I was one of the riflemen so
+merged.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.220</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov31">CHAPTER XXXI.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">JOHN CHAPMAN DAVIE, M.D.</p>
+
+<p>Sincere will be the regret at the announcement of the death of the
+subject of this sketch. As I have known him since he arrived in the
+colony with his father (who was also John Chapman Davie), and his
+three brothers, William, Horace and Alexander, in 1862, it may not be
+inappropriate that I, one of his oldest friends, should tell what I
+know of him. Dr. Davie was born in Wells, Somersetshire, on the 22nd
+March, 1845, and was therefore sixty-six years of age. He, with his
+brother Horace (residing in Somenos), were educated at Silcoats
+College, England, and studied for the profession which afterwards
+made him known from north to south of the Pacific Coast, at the
+University of San Francisco. He also studied under a clever English
+physician, Dr. Lane, and under Dr. Toland, both eminent men who
+founded colleges in California.</p>
+
+<p>After Dr. Davie had finished his medical course in California he came
+to Victoria and entered into practice with his father.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img41">
+<img width="261" height="424" src="images/vi41.jpg" alt="[Portrait: John Chapman Davie, M.D.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>When I was about fifteen years old I was troubled a deal with my
+throat and was under his father&rsquo;s treatment. I was obliged to give up
+singing in consequence, being a choir boy in Christ Church. In my
+frequent visits to the doctor&rsquo;s surgery I became acquainted with Dr.
+Davie, Jr., who undertook the treatment of my throat until I was able
+to resume my choir duties. Both <span class="pagenum">p.221</span> Dr. Davie and his brother
+Alexander were members of the choir at this time, and regular in
+attendance at service and choir practice. I can see with my mind&rsquo;s
+eye at a choir practice both brothers. Mr. Cridge, the rector, always
+conducted these practices, and he asked each brother in turn to sing
+his individual part over in the anthem, as they were to take solos,
+he (Mr. Cridge) beating time as they sang. I might say that we had
+some fine singers in the choir in those days, and more anthems were
+sung than even now. His brother Horace and I were school-fellows at
+the Church Collegiate School, which was situated on Church Hill, just
+about where Mr. Keith Wilson&rsquo;s residence now stands. It was built as
+a Congregational Church, and was destroyed by fire about 1870.</p>
+
+<p>At the time I first became acquainted with Dr. Davie his father&rsquo;s
+office was situated where Challoner &amp; Mitchell&rsquo;s store now stands,
+and was a very unpretentious affair&mdash;as most business places were in
+Victoria at that time&mdash;a wooden one-story frame cottage of three
+rooms. The doctor&rsquo;s first office was on the corner of Government and
+Bastion, where Richardson&rsquo;s cigar store stands. At the former office
+my friend studied and worked with his father until the latter&rsquo;s
+death, when the son continued the practice in his own behalf.</p>
+
+<p>From Mr. Alexander Wilson, who was a director of the Royal Hospital
+at the time, I am told a deal about Dr. Davie&rsquo;s early medical career.
+He says the young doctor was ambitious to become medical officer to
+the Royal Hospital, then situated on the rock at the top of Pandora
+Street, and asked Mr. Wilson to try and get the position for him,
+even without salary, and Mr. Wilson, having great faith in the young
+man, promised to do his best, and at a meeting of the board, consisting <span class="pagenum">p.222</span>
+of Alexander McLean, J. D. Robinson, Henry Short and Alexander
+Wilson, Dr. Davie was duly elected, and at a salary of &pound;100
+per annum, and held the position for over twenty years. He entered on
+his duties with great zeal, his first surgical case being that of an
+Indian girl who was accidentally shot on Salt Spring Island. The poor
+girl&rsquo;s arm was badly shattered, and she was brought down from the
+island in a canoe. It was a bad case, but the doctor pulled her
+through and, saving her arm, sent her home again as good as ever.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Davie was fond of music, and in early days was proficient on the
+flute, contributing to the programme of many a concert for charity in
+those days when amateurs did so much to entertain the public.</p>
+
+<p>That the subject of this sketch was a clever man goes without saying.
+Many there are, and have been, who have been snatched from grim death
+by this skilful surgeon. By some he was thought to be bearish and
+unsympathetic, but they who thought so did not know him as I did, or
+they would not have thought so. Where there was real suffering and
+danger there could not have been a more gentle, kinder-hearted or
+careful man. Because he did not always respond to a friend&rsquo;s
+salutation in passing it was taken as bearishness or indifference. It
+was really pre-occupation. He was thinking out a difficult case for
+the next morning at the hospital. As he once said to a lady friend,
+"They little know the hours I pass walking up and down at night
+thinking out a case I have to operate on&mdash;how I shall do it to make
+it a success." I went into his office one day and found him with a
+surgical instrument on his knee which he seemed very intent on, and I
+asked him what it was for. He hesitated for a moment, then said, "You
+would not understand." But still he explained <span class="pagenum">p.223</span> it all to me. It
+was for an operation in the morning on the stomach of a patient at
+one of the hospitals, and I have no doubt it was successful. About
+seven years ago he attended me for typhoid fever, and even then he
+had his bad spells of sickness, but still he came regularly, and on
+reaching the top of the stairs to my room he would hold on till his
+coughing fit was over. "Well, old man, how are you to-day?" After I
+had taken a turn for the better and was very susceptible to the smell
+of good things cooking downstairs, I asked him when I should be
+allowed to have something solid, and added, "Oh, I am so tired of
+milk and egg-nog; when may I have a bit of chicken or mutton?"</p>
+
+<p>"Well, how many days is it since your temperature was normal? Well,
+in so many days you may have jelly and junket."</p>
+
+<p>"Is that all?" I replied, disappointed.</p>
+
+<p>"Look here, old man, I want to get you well, and you must be
+patient."</p>
+
+<p>"That reminds me of a little story," said the doctor. "Some years ago
+two men were digging a deep ditch on Johnson Street to repair a
+sewer. Some time after both the men were taken sick, which turned out
+to be typhoid fever, and, being single men, they were taken to the
+hospital. I saw them every day in my regular round of visits, and
+they progressed towards recovery until they got to the stage that you
+have, and complained of my bill of fare. They asked for &lsquo;something
+solid,&rsquo; and I put them off with the same answer you got. A day or two
+after in making my regular rounds I noticed that one of my patients
+was not in evidence and I asked his friend where he was. Then the
+story was told me of his friend having had some visitors, one of whom
+brought a cooked chicken, part of which was <span class="pagenum">p.224</span> eaten on the sly and
+the balance hidden under the mattress. The result was that he was
+then out in the morgue, having died that day, and in due time, to
+conclude my little story, his friend, who had no chicken, left the
+hospital cured."</p>
+
+<p>"Now," said Dr. Davie, "I&rsquo;ll go; you are in good hands (my wife&rsquo;s);
+be patient and ponder on my little story."</p>
+
+<p>It is pretty well known that Dr. Davie had had only one lung for
+years past, but that did not prevent him attending to his numerous
+patients. The many who to-day are indebted to his skill and kindness
+of heart will feel a great sorrow at his passing. Many of his former
+patients have told me of his refusal of pay for valuable services
+rendered them. At the conclusion of a sickness a patient would likely
+say: "Well, doctor, I am grateful for your pulling me through. I
+shall have to pay by instalments. Here is something on account."</p>
+
+<p>If the doctor did not know his circumstances he would say: "How much
+is your salary?" On his replying he (the doctor) would say: "If that
+is all you get you cannot afford to pay anything," and that was the
+last the patient would hear of it.</p>
+
+<p>On a certain occasion I heard the experience of three in a small
+party who had this or something to this effect to relate. With his
+extensive practice he ought to have been a very wealthy man, but not
+with such patients as these, of course, but if all the patients he
+has had in years past had been charged for his valuable services he
+would have been worth half a million instead of dying a comparatively
+poor man. This last year I have visited him regularly, and many
+events of early Victoria life have been recalled on these visits. <span class="pagenum">p.225</span>
+He repined at first when he knew that his days were numbered, saying,
+"Fawcett, old man, don&rsquo;t I wish I could go back to the days when we
+were young and took those trips to Cowichan. It is pretty hard to
+go!" I fully agreed with him then, but when later he got so bad and
+suffered so much, he prayed to go, and I again agreed with him,
+poor fellow. This latter time was when to speak made him cough and
+suffocate. "Old man, I cannot talk to you," and he would lie back in
+an exhausted state, and I would go, sorry that I was unable to do
+anything to relieve him, to slightly repay all his kindness to me
+in the past.</p>
+
+<p>Tuesday last I with my wife paid my last call on him, he having
+expressed a desire to see me. I little thought it was the last time I
+should see him alive, for he said he would not go till October, he
+thought, and I believed him.</p>
+
+<p>Well, maybe I have said enough, but I could say a deal more if
+necessary. What I have said will be echoed by many, I&rsquo;m sure.</p>
+
+<p>So, in the words of Montgomery, the poet:</p>
+
+<div class="verse">
+<div class="stanza">
+  <span class="i0">"Friend after friend departs, who has not lost a friend?</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">There is no union here of hearts, that finds not here an end,</span><br />
+  <span class="i0">Were this frail world our only rest, living or dying none were blest."</span></div>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.226</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov32">CHAPTER XXXII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">THE BEGINNING OF THE ROYAL HOSPITAL AND PROTESTANT ORPHANS&rsquo; HOME.</p>
+
+<p>In Mallandaine&rsquo;s "first directory" of Victoria, I note the following:
+"We have an hospital started by Rev. Edward Cridge, and now sadly
+overburdened with debt."</p>
+
+<p>In course of conversation with Bishop Cridge one day I learned the
+history of this&mdash;the first public hospital of Victoria&mdash;which, in due
+course, became the Royal Jubilee Hospital.</p>
+
+<p>It was in 1858 that one day a sick man was found lying on a mattress
+in Mr. Cridge&rsquo;s garden. The man admitted he had been brought there by
+certain parties, their names being known to Mr. Cridge. I asked Mr.
+Cridge why they had brought the man to him, and clandestinely, too?
+"Oh, they thought I was the proper man, and I suppose I was under the
+circumstances." He continued: "We set to work at once to meet the
+case, and temporarily rented a cottage owned by Mr. Blinkhorn, on the
+corner of Yates and Broad Streets, now occupied by the B. C. Hardware
+Company (the first patient&rsquo;s name was Braithwaite), and placed W. S.
+Seeley, afterwards of the Australian House, at the north end of James
+Bay bridge, in charge as steward, and Dr. Trimble being appointed as
+medical officer in charge." This was the beginning. Afterwards <span class="pagenum">p.227</span>
+there was a wooden building erected on the Songhees Reserve, on the
+site of the Marine Hospital. Later on the hospital was again moved
+to Pandora Hill, and by the exertions of Mrs. (Senator) Macdonald,
+Mrs. Harris (wife of Mayor Harris) and Mrs. Cridge, a female
+infirmary was built there, but afterwards merged into a general
+hospital. It will be seen from this that my dear old friend, Bishop
+Cridge, as also Mrs. Cridge, were first in this most important
+work for the relief of the suffering humanity of Victoria. Nor
+was this all.</p>
+
+<p>I might state that Mrs. (Senator) Macdonald, with Mrs. Cridge, were
+the founders of the Protestant Orphans&rsquo; Home, through Mrs. Macdonald
+having a family of orphan children brought to her notice by some
+friend. She first of all found homes for the individual children;
+then as other cases were brought to her notice she, with Mrs. Cridge,
+took the matter up and rented a cottage, putting a Miss Todd in
+charge of the children. In course of time, the children increased, so
+that a larger building was rented on the corner of Blanchard and Rae
+Streets. Even these premises in time became too small, and another
+and final move was made through the munificence of the late John
+George Taylor, a member of Bishop Cridge&rsquo;s congregation, who left all
+his property, some thirty thousand dollars, to the founding of the
+present home.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Taylor, whom I had known for many years, told me of the great
+interest he took in these orphans. He paid daily visits to the home,
+and assisted in many ways to help it along. Bishop Cridge and Mrs.
+Macdonald have seen these institutions grow from the smallest
+beginnings to their present state of usefulness, which must be a
+source of congratulation to both.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.228</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Craigflower School House.</h4>
+
+<p>With respect to what has appeared in the paper lately <i>re</i>
+"Craigflower School House," the following may be interesting:</p>
+
+<p>In early days (1856) Rev. Edward Cridge held services at stated times
+in the school house, and later on services were held regularly by the
+chaplains of H.M. ships stationed in Esquimalt harbor, and later on
+by Rev. (now Bishop) Garrett and Rev. C. T. Woods.</p>
+
+<p>I quote from Mr. Cridge&rsquo;s diary, which is mentioned in his Christmas
+story of "Early Christmas in Victoria," that on August 24th, 1856, he
+held a religious service in the school house with Mr. Cook, the
+gunner, and Mr. Price, midshipman of H. M. S. <i>Trincomalee</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In the Victoria <i>Gazette</i> of August, 1858, Rev. Edward Cridge,
+acting for the Governor, examined the pupils and presented the prizes
+to the following: Jessie McKenzie, William Lidgate, Christine Veitch
+and Dorothea McKenzie.</p>
+
+<p>The first master of the school was J. Grant; the second Claypole, and
+afterwards Pottinger, Newbury and Pope.</p>
+
+<p>With respect to the building itself, I might say that it was built
+under the direction of Mr. McKenzie, of Craigflower. The lumber used
+in its construction was manufactured from fir trees on the ground in
+a mill built by mechanics sent out from England.</p>
+
+<p>The residence of the late Mr. McKenzie, which stands to the west of
+the Craigflower bridge, was also built of lumber sawn in this mill,
+and not of redwood imported from California, as stated lately. There
+are several men and women living to-day who attended this school in
+the early sixties.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img42">
+<img width="540" height="435" src="images/vi42.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Craigflower School.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.229</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov33">CHAPTER XXXIII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">VICTORIA&rsquo;S FIRST Y.M.C.A.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Colonist</i> has been handed the following self-explanatory
+matter, bearing upon the founding in this city of a branch of the
+Y.M.C.A., which is of especial interest:</p>
+
+<p class="dateline">"Dingley Dell, September 29th, 1911.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>R. B. McMicking, Esq., President Y.M.C.A.</i></p>
+
+<p>"Dear Sir,&mdash;In searching through the files of the <i>Colonist</i> of
+1859 for items of forgotten lore that might be of interest to our
+early pioneers, I came across the enclosed interesting account of the
+forming of a branch of the Young Men&rsquo;s Christian Association in
+Victoria fifty-two years ago (September 5th, 1859), and am sorry I
+did not remember it sooner, so that it could have been read at the
+opening exercises, but &lsquo;better late than never.&rsquo; I shall accompany it
+with some comment.</p>
+
+<p>"In the first place, it is likely that all those present on that
+auspicious occasion are gone to their everlasting rest, with the
+notable exception of our dear friend, the Venerable Bishop Cridge,
+who is within a few weeks of entering on his ninety-fifth year. His
+has been indeed a life of doing good, for he, in early days, was at
+the head of all good work for the betterment of mankind. The chairman
+on that occasion was Colonel Moody, R.E., who had lately arrived in
+the colony with the sappers and miners.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.230</p>
+
+<p>"The three Protestant denominations then established in Victoria were
+represented by the Rev. Edward Cridge, as already stated; Rev. Dr.
+Evans, of the Wesleyan Methodists, and the Rev. W. F. Clarke, of the
+Congregational Church. Of the laymen mentioned, there was Judge
+Pemberton, father of Mr. Chartres Pemberton; J. T. Pidwell, father of
+the late Mrs. D. W. Higgins; Judge Cameron, C.J.; Captain Prevost,
+father of Charles J. Prevost, of Duncans, who was a very prominent
+naval officer, and later an admiral, who was an indefatigable
+Christian worker. Mr. Sparrow, of the post-office, whose son is a
+respected resident to-day, and also William H. Burr, master of the
+Colonial School, of which I was then a pupil. Mr. John F. Damon, on
+second thoughts, may be in the land of the living, and a resident of
+Washington. The society must have fallen into disuse in later years,
+for I understand the present institution is about twenty-six years
+old. I do not know that I can say anything more on this interesting
+subject but to wish it every prosperity.</p>
+
+<p class="sig" style="padding-right:4em;">"And believe me ever, yours truly,</p>
+
+<p class="sig sc">"Edgar Fawcett."</p>
+
+
+<p>From Victoria <i>Colonist</i> of September 5th, 1859:</p>
+
+<p>"Pursuant to public notice the Supreme Court room was filled on
+Saturday evening by a large and respectable audience for the purpose
+of organizing a Young Men&rsquo;s Christian Association.</p>
+
+<p>"Colonel Moody, R.E., on taking the chair, requested the Rev. E.
+Evans, D.D., Superintendent of the Wesleyan Mission, to open the
+meeting by prayer; after which the chairman explained the object of
+the Association, and urged with great cogency the importance <span class="pagenum">p.231</span> of
+scientific and historical knowledge to young men, and the immense
+advantages which they would derive from Divine assistance in pursuing
+those various branches of study which were essential to the good
+citizen and Christian.</p>
+
+<p>"The Rev. E. Cridge, pastor of the Victoria Established Church, then
+moved the following resolution:</p>
+
+<p>"&lsquo;That this meeting, recognizing the usefulness and importance of
+Young Men&rsquo;s Christian Associations, is gratified to find that steps
+have been taken to establish one in this town.&rsquo;</p>
+
+<p>"He supported it at some length with many pertinent illustrations,
+and expressed himself warmly in favor of the institution.</p>
+
+<p>"T. J. Pidwell, Esq., seconded the motion. He adverted to the good
+results from similar institutions elsewhere; passed some strictures
+upon the alarming increase of saloons, and concluded that the
+organization of a Christian Association with its Library, and the
+opportunity which it would afford for the discussion of general
+theological and political questions would have a powerful tendency to
+guard the young men of this colony from falling into habits
+destructive of good morals.</p>
+
+<p>"The Rev. Dr. Evans, with an eloquent and forcible speech then moved:</p>
+
+<p>"&lsquo;That this meeting pledge itself to encourage and support by every
+means in its power this the first Young Men&rsquo;s Christian Association
+established in Vancouver&rsquo;s Island.&rsquo;</p>
+
+<p>"His remarks exhibited the greatest degree of tolerance. All narrow
+views in the organization and working of the Association were
+undesirable. To cherish the great essentials of religion as laid down
+by the founder <span class="pagenum">p.232</span> of Christianity was the principal object of the
+institution. The moral and spiritual advantages to the young men of
+the colony arising from the Association he was satisfied would be
+very great. It deserved every encouragement, and he heartily
+concurred in promoting the object of its founders, and hoped it
+would not only secure moral but financial support.</p>
+
+<p>"The Rev. W. F. Clarke, Congregational Missionary, with great
+pleasure seconded the motion, and supported it with a speech of
+considerable length, replete with argument and illustration,
+portraying the advantages of the Association in a community like
+this, where there was so little public opinion to influence and
+direct young men; whilst there were so many things incident to the
+love of money in a gold country to induce youth to contract habits
+adverse to the progress of morals and religion.</p>
+
+<p>"A. F. Pemberton, Esq., then moved: &lsquo;That the following gentlemen be
+requested to act as office-bearers for the ensuing year. Patron,
+His Excellency, the Governor; President, Col. Moody, R.E.;
+Vice-Presidents, Judge Cameron and Captain Prevost, R.N.; Committee,
+Messrs. A. F. Pemberton, Pidwell, Sparrow, Burr, Holt, Damon, Evans
+and Cunningham, with power to add to their numbers; Secretary, Mr.
+Cooper.&rsquo;</p>
+
+<p>"He concurred in the object of the Association; and briefly adverted
+to the fact that the Rev. Mr. Cridge and himself had, a year ago,
+contemplated a similar institution.</p>
+
+<p>"John Wright, Esq., seconded the motion.</p>
+
+<p>"Col. Moody having retired from the chair, it was filled by J. T.
+Pidwell, Esq., when the Rev. Dr. Evans moved &lsquo;That the thanks of the
+meeting be presented to Col. Moody for the very able manner in which
+he had occupied the Chair.&rsquo;</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.233</p>
+
+<p>"Seconded by the Rev. Mr. Clarke, and passed with applause.</p>
+
+<p>"Col. Moody then briefly replied that he came here from England with
+the sole object of promoting the best interests of the country, and
+in aiding in the promotion of the objects of this Association he was
+but performing his duty.</p>
+
+<p>"All the speakers were repeatedly applauded; and all the resolutions
+passed by acclamation.</p>
+
+<p>"The Doxology having been sung, the Rev. E. Cridge pronounced a
+benediction, when the meeting dispersed, highly gratified with the
+organization of the First Young Men&rsquo;s Christian Association of
+Victoria, Vancouver Island."</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img43">
+<img width="523" height="840" src="images/vi43.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Sir Richard McBride.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.234</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov34">CHAPTER XXXIV.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">THE LATE MR. T. GEIGER.</p>
+
+<p>About thirty-five years ago, maybe a little more, it was a fine
+bright summer afternoon and rather warm. The sun beat down on the
+awnings on the east side of Government Street. It was the custom then
+for all stores to have wooden awnings with a kind of drop curtain
+awning which rolled up and down, and on the summer afternoons it was
+sure to be down. But to proceed; when all these drop curtains were
+down the sidewalk was enclosed from one end of the street to the
+other. Before I proceed to say anything more about these awnings and
+sidewalks, I will have to admit that our city was not the Victoria of
+to-day, and I am sure I shall hardly be credited if I assert that a
+cannon might have been fired down the centre of Government Street,
+and chances taken of not striking anyone. I mean that a time could
+have been chosen when it could have been done with perfect safety. On
+any of these quiet afternoons, a sudden uproar might have been heard
+of a flock of geese alighting from a distance on Government Street to
+feed on the sides of the streets on the grass that grew there. As
+they passed up the street they chattered away, likely discussing the
+quiet times which permitted them to make a feeding ground of the
+chief business street of the city. During the time the geese are
+chatting with one another, several little groups of Victoria&rsquo;s
+respected citizens are having <span class="pagenum">p.235</span> their afternoon chat on the several
+topics of the day. I see them now, as I saw them then, a row of
+chairs, some of them tipped back and the occupier perhaps smoking.
+There was, likely, Alexander Gilmore, merchant tailor. Then half a
+dozen guests in the front of the Colonial Hotel, which was next door
+to Fletcher&rsquo;s music store; then Joe Lovett of Lovett&rsquo;s Exchange, and
+then the subject of my little sketch, Tommy Geiger. He was well known
+and well liked by all, and fond of a joke was Tommy. No one ever
+thought of calling him other than "Tommy" in those good old days.
+Very few fortunes were made in those days on Government Street, or
+those summer afternoon chats, sitting on tipped-up chairs would not
+have been held.</p>
+
+<p>It must have been a slack time of the day to be able to enjoy
+themselves in this free and easy manner. A customer goes into one of
+these stores, the proprietor gets up, goes in to serve him, and then
+returns to his seat to resume the conversation. They did not worry,
+they lived quietly, were able to bring up their families as they
+should, and to-day these families represent some of our best business
+men. So I say "<i>requiescat in pace</i>." He was an enthusiastic
+fireman in those days when volunteer firemen did so much for nothing
+and that efficiently, too.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.236</p>
+
+
+<h4>THE ROSTER OF THE "FIFTY-EIGHTERS" IN THE PROVINCE.</h4>
+
+<p>The following is a list of those who remain of the twenty thousand
+people who arrived in Victoria from San Francisco in 1858, the first
+year of the gold excitement:</p>
+
+<table>
+<tr><td>Anderson, James R.</td><td>November.</td><td>Str. Cortez, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with sister; retired Deputy Minister of Agriculture</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Adams, Frank.</td><td>July</td><td>Str. Pacific, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. young, with father and mother; now with firm of E. B. Marvin &amp; Co.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Allatt, Frederick.</td><td>August 12.</td><td>Str. John L. Stephens, from S. Francisco.</td><td>Ar. young, with father and mother; now carpenter and contractor</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Alexander, Charles.</td><td>March.</td><td>Str. Oregon, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with wife and son</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Borde, August.</td><td>April.</td><td>Str. America, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with father and mother; now Municipal Water Rates Collector</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Booth, Samuel.</td><td>September.</td><td>Str. Cortez, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with brother</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Borthwick, Ralph.</td><td>July 7.</td><td>Str. Orizaba, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. single; hotel-keeper</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Burnes, Thomas J.</td><td>May 11.</td><td>Str. Commodore, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. single; hotel-keeper, now Customs Officer; was prominent fireman in early days</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chambers, Walter.</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ar. with father and mother</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Cogan, Mrs. George.</td><td>August.</td><td>Ship Oracle, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with father and mother</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Collins, Henry.</td><td>August.</td><td>Ship Oracle, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with father and mother</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Gribble, Henry.</td><td>June.</td><td>Str. Republic from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. single; gold miner, then engaged in retail business</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Harrison, Mrs. Eli, Sr.</td><td>July.</td><td>Str. Brother Jonathan, from S. Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with husband, son and daughter</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Harrison, Eli.</td><td>July.</td><td>Str. Brother Jonathan, from S. Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with father, mother and sister; now Judge</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Hastings, Mrs. Oregon C.</td><td>August.</td><td>Ship Oracle, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with father, mother and sister. Maiden name Layzell</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Helgeson, Hans.</td><td>July 4.</td><td>Str. Brother Jonathan, from S. Francisco.</td><td>Ar. single</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Higgins, David W.</td><td>July 19.</td><td>Str. Sierra Nevada, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. single; newspaper proprietor, retired</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Humphreys, William.</td><td>Dec. 28.</td><td>Overland, from California.</td><td>Ar. single; gold miner, now in Customs</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Lombard, Charles.</td><td>August.</td><td>Str. Oregon, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with father and mother; now in the optical business</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Marvin, Mrs. Edward.</td><td>July.</td><td>Str. Pacific, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with husband and son</td></tr>
+<tr><td>McPhadden, Mrs.</td><td>July.</td><td>Str. Brother Jonathan, from S. Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with father, mother and brother. Maiden name Harrison</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moore, John.</td><td>July.</td><td>Str. Cortez, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with father, mother and brother. Purser C.P.R. Co.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moore, William.</td><td>July.</td><td>Str. Cortez, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with father, mother and brother. Miner in Alaska</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moore, James.</td><td>May.</td><td>Via Bellingham Bay, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. single; gold miner</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Phillips, Mrs. Alexander.</td><td>July.</td><td>Str. Pacific, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with husband and son. Resident of Seattle, Wash.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Phelps, Mrs. Edward.</td><td>August.</td><td>Ship Oracle, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with husband; now widow in this city</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Scott, Mrs. William.</td><td>June.</td><td>Barque George Anna, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with husband; now widow in this city</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Seward, Thomas W.</td><td>May.</td><td>Barque D. M. Hall, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. single; gold miner</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sere, John B.</td><td>June 11.</td><td>Str. Republic from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with wife and son; was prominent hotel-keeper&mdash;Hotel de France</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Stelly, George.</td><td>May.</td><td>Str. Oregon, from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. single; contractor</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wolfenden, Mrs. H.</td><td>August.</td><td>Ship Oracle from San Francisco.</td><td>Ar. with father and mother</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>This list and statement has been compiled with the greatest care
+by the undersigned, who has lived in this city continuously since
+February 13th, 1859, when he arrived with his mother and three
+brothers on the steamer Northerner, from San Francisco, Cal.,
+his father, Thomas Lea Fawcett, having arrived the previous year,
+July, 1858.</p>
+
+<p class="dateline">Sept. 1st, 1908.</p>
+<p class="sig">EDGAR FAWCETT.</p>
+
+<p>The undersigned, who has lived in this city since July, 1858,
+certifies to the correctness of this statement.</p>
+
+<p class="sig">D. W. HIGGINS.</p>
+
+<p><em class="sc">Note</em>&mdash;Since the original list was compiled in 1908, thirteen
+have since died, leaving thirty-one remaining, as per above list, on
+March 1st, 1912.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.237</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov35">CHAPTER XXXV.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">ROSTER OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTERS</p>
+
+<p>Being those remaining in 1908 of the 20,000 people who came to
+Victoria from California in the year 1858. Total, 45.&mdash;E. F.</p>
+
+<p>Before the year 1858, Victoria was a trading station or fort of the
+Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company. In that year the news that gold had been
+discovered on Fraser River had reached San Francisco. It was not long
+ere the news travelled all over California and craft of all kinds
+were soon on the berth for Victoria. The list of steamers alone is
+a long one, and they were mostly taken off the Panama route, and
+are all to-day a thing of the past. There was the <i>Pacific</i>, the
+loss of which caused the greatest loss of life of them all put
+together, the <i>Cortez</i>, <i>John L. Stephens</i>, <i>Oregon</i>, <i>America</i>,
+afterwards the <i>Brother Jonathan</i>, <i>Orizaba</i>, <i>Commodore</i>,
+<i>Republic</i>, <i>Sierra Nevada</i>, and several smaller ones.</p>
+
+<p>Of those on the framed list there is Frank Adams, who has spent the
+best part of his life here, and is a partner in the firm of E. B.
+Marvin &amp; Co.; James R. Anderson, late deputy minister of Agriculture,
+whose father was the first Collector of Customs for Vancouver Island
+in 1858; Frederick Allatt, who has also been here from childhood, and
+whose father was an early time contractor; Charles Alexander, of
+Saanich; August Borde and his mother, the former water rates
+collector <span class="pagenum">p.238</span> for the city; Samuel Booth, who was in business in the
+city market building; Ralph Borthwick, and Thomas J. Burnes, formerly
+hotel men, and the latter a chief of the early Volunteer Fire
+Department. Walter Chambers, who came an infant, and who is so well
+known in connection with the lumber industry of this city; Mrs.
+George Cogan and Mrs. Henry Collins, two daughters of the late Mr.
+Rabson, of Esquimalt and Comox; Alexander Gilmore, one of the pioneer
+clothiers of this city; Henry Gribble, who for years kept a fancy
+goods store, and who is to-day blind; Mr. Judge Harrison and his
+mother, whom I have known since 1859; Mrs. O. C. Hastings, <i>n&eacute;e</i>
+Miss Layzell, with whom I went to school in 1859; David W. Higgins,
+of whom I need say little, as he is so well known as an editor and
+writer of such interesting stories of early pioneer life; William
+Humphreys, late alderman and Cariboo miner; Samuel Kelly, who was
+another prominent volunteer fireman, chief of the early fire
+department; Charles Lombard, who was an amateur singer, assisted to
+make life pass pleasantly at the various concerts of early times;
+Mrs. Edward Marvin, mother of Mr. Frank Adams; Mrs. McPhaden, of
+Vancouver, and sister of Judge Harrison; Captain William Moore, the
+veteran steamboat captain, one of the best known men of British
+Columbia; Mrs. Moore, John Moore, the veteran purser, and his brother
+William; James Moore, one of the discoverers of gold on the Fraser
+River; Mrs. Alex. Phillips, her son, whose husband and father was a
+pioneer soda water maker of the early days; Mrs. W. Scott, whose
+husband was steward on so many of the early steamers of these waters;
+Louis G. McQuade, of P. McQuade &amp; Sons; Thomas W. Seward, a veteran
+miner of Cariboo, and who is a familiar figure on our <span class="pagenum">p.239</span> streets
+to-day as he strolls about; John B. Sere, of the Richmond, a former
+proprietor of the Hotel de France, on Government Street; Chas.
+McK. Smith, brother of Amor de Cosmos, founder of the <i>Colonist</i>;
+Stephen A. Spencer, a pioneer photographer; George Stelly, owner
+of the Clarence Block, and a pioneer teamster of long ago; Frank
+Sylvester, who died a month ago; Mrs. Julia Travis; Joseph W. Carey,
+formerly mayor; E. Cody Johnson, caretaker of the city market; Mrs.
+R. Wolfenden, wife of the King&rsquo;s Printer. This list will be framed
+and hung in the Parliament Buildings for the inspection of the sons
+and daughters of the above in the years to come.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.240</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov36">CHAPTER XXXVI.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">MORE LIGHT ON CLOSING OF VIEW STREET.</p>
+
+<p>I had intended to let "View Street" and its closing up in 1858 alone,
+being content that I had proved that it was understood in 1858 that
+it reached to Wharf Street, but I have since come upon some
+interesting evidence bearing upon it and so give it to those old
+timers whom I am sure will be interested. Firstly, there is to be
+seen plainly painted on a verandah on a building facing on what was
+then known as View Street, opposite the Hudson Bay Company&rsquo;s store
+"View Street," and I also produce an editorial in the <i>Colonist</i>,
+written by my old friend Amor de Cosmos, November 14, 1859, which
+proves that it was a burning question at that time and here it
+is verbatim.</p>
+
+<blockquote style="text-align:center;"><p>
+  The British <i>Colonist</i>, Printed and Published by Amor<br />
+  De Cosmos, Wharf Street, East side, between<br />
+  Yates and View Streets, Victoria, V. I.<br />
+  Friday, September 9, 1859.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>This was cut out of the file that contained the editorial, as
+further proof.</p>
+<p class="sig sc">E. Fawcett.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img44">
+<img width="391" height="269" src="images/vi44.jpg" alt="[Illustration: View St.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>"We have long been aware that the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company claim the
+ownership of the streets of Victoria. In fact, in 1858 their title
+was so far asserted as to sell a portion of the street where Johnson
+and Wharf Streets unite at Victoria bridge.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.241</p>
+
+<p>"They also shut up one street at the south end of the Fort and opened
+another a little beyond. Besides this they promised in 1838 to the
+purchasers of lots on View Street that that street should be opened
+from Broad to Wharf. Instead of fulfilling their promise like an
+honest company, that street was actually closed, instead of opened,
+by blocking up the west end by a large brick police building. It is
+true that since May last&mdash;when the Government reserve between Yates
+and the block house was seized by the Company, with the consent of
+His Excellency&mdash;a small alley has been opened where View Street ought
+to be, but even that by some unknown authority, assumed by the Police
+Commissioners, has been closed to vehicles. That authority will,
+however, soon be tested, if the obstacle is not speedily removed, as
+purchasers of lots in the reserve are entitled to its use. Had it not
+been for our timely exposure of the intentions of the Company, the
+line of Wharf Street would have been deflected like an elbow, from
+Reid&rsquo;s corner southerly. The last act, however, of the honorable
+Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company, is not only contemptible, but &lsquo;unjust and
+oppressive,&rsquo; although His Excellency Governor Douglas, in his
+despatch of October 25, 1858, said that the often asserted charge in
+England that the Company &lsquo;had made an unjust and oppressive use of
+their power in this country,&rsquo; is altogether unfounded.</p>
+
+<p>"It appears that the agent of the Company sold last week all the
+trees on our streets to a party for firewood. Mr. Pemberton, Police
+Commissioner, at the request of some property holders, cut down the
+two oaks at the corner of Government and Yates Street, but it was no
+sooner done than Dr. Tuzo presented a bill to him for twenty dollars,
+ten dollars each. Opposite Mr. Adams&rsquo; <span class="pagenum">p.242</span> property on Douglas and
+View Streets, Mr. Adams forbid the parties, but in his absence they
+were felled. He then claimed the trees, as they were intersected
+every way by his property. But Dr. Tuzo threatened him with five
+hundred dollars damages, assuring him that the trees belonged to the
+Company. Up Fort Street a number of oaks have been felled. Aside
+from the vandalism which would sell and cut down a single tree
+for a few paltry dollars, where it was no obstruction to travel,
+but an ornament to the street&mdash;the act of itself is a foul
+wrong&mdash;unwarrantable and without a particle of right to support it,
+either in law or equity. We cannot well conceive how that the
+agents of the Company could do such a scurvy trick&mdash;such an act
+of vandalism&mdash;except that they have been influenced to do so by a
+resident San Francisco landshark. Selling the trees therefore may
+be to maintain color of title to the streets. But that will prove
+useless. Viewing the townsite as their private property, when they
+sold they forever conveyed away their claim to the streets. But the
+townsite is not private property, although it has unjustifiably been
+so claimed from the first settlement of the Colony. As private
+property the Company have no claim to it which will stand the test
+of law or equity. It is to all intents and purposes in the same
+condition as the lands of Cowichan, Nootka or Cape Scott; and the
+funds derived from the sale as justly belong to the Territorial
+revenues of the Colony. Taking then the townsite to be like other
+lands, subject to the conditions of the grant, (which we will
+hereafter prove) we find that one of the conditions says: &lsquo;That the
+said Company shall (for the purposes of colonization) dispose of all
+lands hereby granted to them, at a reasonable price, except as much
+thereof as may be required for public purposes.&rsquo; <span class="pagenum">p.243</span> The streets are
+used for public purposes&mdash;and for that reason the Company have no
+more right to them, nor the trees, than anyone else. Their act of
+felling trees on the public streets, and their intimation, deserves
+the strongest mark of public censure&mdash;and merits the attention of
+the proper authorities.</p>
+
+<p>"Besides if our connection with the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company is not
+speedily ended we may expect many more such trumped-up claims as
+their claim to the streets, which they will want us to pay for."</p>
+
+<p>I think my pioneer friends will now agree with me that enough
+evidence has been furnished to prove my contention that View Street
+was originally intended to reach from Wharf Street to Cook Street,
+and farther if necessary.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.244</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov37">CHAPTER XXXVII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">BISHOP CRIDGE&rsquo;S CHRISTMAS STORY.</p>
+
+<div style="font-size:95%;margin:auto 1em;">
+<p>Some years ago the <i>Colonist</i> requested several "old timers"
+to write for the Christmas number a description of Christmas as it
+was observed in the early days in this city.</p>
+
+<p>The following were those who wrote: The Venerable Bishop Cridge, Hon.
+Dr. Helmcken, Hon. D. W. Higgins, and the author of these
+reminiscences. I was so much interested myself in these stories (as I
+am in all Christmas stories), I decided, with the consent of the
+writers, to reproduce them in my book; not only as interesting, but
+as very instructive, describing, as they do, life in the pioneer days
+of the colony.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="imgright" id="img45">
+<img width="269" height="443" src="images/vi45.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Rev. Edward Cridge, 1859.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>In essaying to write an account of my first Christmas at Victoria, I
+am met at the beginning with the inconvenient fact that I kept no
+journal, my only written records relating simply to my ministry or to
+things purely personal or domestic. What I write, therefore, is not a
+history, seeking materials from any and all sources of information,
+nor a biography, dealing with the writer&rsquo;s proper business in life,
+but a narrative of incidents occurring to memory, interesting to the
+reader only because they refer to the early history of our beloved
+city.</p>
+
+<p>Another thing has to be considered, namely, that as, after fifty
+years and more, the remembered incidents of a particular day or
+season would occupy but a few lines to relate, such a season may
+properly be regarded in relation to things going before and things
+following after.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.245</p>
+
+<p>In this view, my memory carries me back to a very happy day, April 1,
+1855, when the good sailing ship <i>Margius of Bute</i>, chartered by
+the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company to bring its freight and passengers,
+including myself as chaplain and district minister of Victoria, my
+wife and servants, to this far-off island, calling at Honolulu by the
+way, cast anchor off Clover Point, so terminating a voyage of about
+six months&rsquo; duration from London. The next day, having moved to the
+inner harbor, we made our first acquaintance with several Victorians,
+who came on board to give us and our <i>compagnons de voyage</i> a
+cordial welcome. That same morning we received an invitation from His
+Excellency Governor Douglas to luncheon, who also sent a boat to take
+us ashore; the boatman was good John Spelde, concerning whom I
+curiously remember my wife telling me that her domestic, Mary Ann
+Herbert, referred to him later in the day as the "man with the
+fingers," he having lost three of those members in the firing of a
+salute on some ceremonial occasion.</p>
+
+<p>After the luncheon, never to be forgotten for the cordial welcome of
+His Excellency and Mrs. Douglas and their interesting family, not to
+say the delicious salmon and other delicacies after shipboard fare,
+we were conducted to the Fort, which was to be our temporary abode
+till the Parsonage, which then began to be built, should be finished.
+I have no recollection of the impression produced on my mind as we
+entered by the south gate the large square fenced in by tall
+palisades and frowning bastions, only I am certain I had no fear of
+being imprisoned in this stronghold of the great Adventurers; on the
+contrary, I distinctly remember that as, proceeding past the central
+bell-tower to our rooms, on the north side, east of the main
+entrance, we <span class="pagenum">p.246</span> entered the spacious, though empty, apartments
+destined for our reception, my wife fairly danced for joy at our
+release from the long and tedious confinement on shipboard. The very
+emptiness of the rooms was a charm. It was the new home to which from
+her mother&rsquo;s house in London only a few days before sailing together
+to the other end of the world, I had brought her, and what bride does
+not joy to see her work awaiting her, though the house be empty and
+bare! With the help of our two servants, and local carpenters,
+supplies from the Company&rsquo;s stores, and our ample outfit, she soon
+effected a transformation.</p>
+
+<p>I remember also, something of the evening and night of that first
+day; the tea and fresh milk and bread and butter; and how, when
+settling ourselves to sleep for the night, we saw a large white rat
+crossing the stovepipe which ran through our bedroom from the great
+Canadian stove in the sitting-room. It is curious how trifling things
+cleave to the memory, while the monotonous things of everyday life,
+which are our proper business, give no signal.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning I was introduced to several officers and cadets of
+the company messing at the Port: W. J. Macdonald, now our well-known
+representative in the Senate; B. W. Sangster, Farquhar, Mackay,
+Newton, Sangster (Sangster&rsquo;s Plains Postmaster), also to Chief Factor
+Finlaison, who lived in a house in the southwest corner of the Port;
+and Dr. Helmcken, now, for reasons of state, the Hon. J. S. Helmcken,
+residing with his wife in the house which he still occupies; later J.
+D. Pemberton, who returned from England, bringing his sister, Miss
+Pemberton.</p>
+
+<p>Looking back now to my first Sunday service, I have no recollection
+of it as distinguished from other similar <span class="pagenum">p.247</span> services to follow.
+From my written records only I find that the text of my sermon on
+the occasion was, "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to
+every creature," and that I referred in the conclusion to the Crimean
+War just ended; but there is pictured in my memory the figure of a
+man coming past the bell-tower with a prayer book under his arm,
+"going to church." Him I was afterwards to know as good John Dutnall,
+a dear and faithful friend to me as long as he lived.</p>
+
+<p>The church services were held in the messroom. There was no
+instrument and no organized choir. Of those whose voices contributed
+to this part of divine worship I think only Mrs. W. J. Macdonald
+survives.</p>
+
+<p>As to my first Christmas Day, which this year (&rsquo;55) fell on a
+Tuesday, I can remember nothing of it as distinguished from other
+Christmas Days to follow (more than fifty in number); but my records
+say that my text was, "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth
+peace, goodwill towards men." But where we dined, what we had for
+dinner, or how we spent the day, my wife might have told, but I
+cannot. I know that we spent many Christmas evenings at the
+Governor&rsquo;s very pleasantly, and this may have been, and probably was,
+one of them. I remember that one New Year&rsquo;s Eve there was a violent
+snowstorm, which hindered me from holding a service at Craigflower,
+as I had intended, but my records show what I do not in the least
+remember, that I preached at Craigflower on New Year&rsquo;s Day. I also
+remember that by Christmas Day we had moved into the Parsonage, and
+that my two sisters, who had arrived at Esquimalt from England, a
+week before, were with us on that day. I remember a good deal about
+the Parsonage in those early days. It was almost <span class="pagenum">p.248</span> in the country.
+As it was at first unfenced, my wife was often afraid at noises. One
+night we heard a scraping, and she was sure that someone was breaking
+into the house. I tried to persuade her that burglars did not
+announce their presence in that open fashion. However, to reassure
+her, I reconnoitred, and found it was only an old sow rubbing her
+back against an old shed nearby.</p>
+
+<p>The Parsonage ground was all wild, but the soil good, and as it was
+my future home, the task of trying to make it a worthy appendage of
+the district church was a pleasant one. My servant, James Ravey, was
+a good gardener, but rather more inclined to the useful than the
+ornamental. When my wife wanted to enlist his interest in flower
+gardening, he remarked that the flowers he had liked best were
+cauliflowers. However, she had her way, he nothing loath. Dr.
+Helmcken liberally supplied us with a variety of flowers from his
+well-kept garden, among which I remember daisies&mdash;not the wee,
+modest, crimson-tipped flowers, but variegated beauties, gorgeous
+through ages of culture. There was not a wild daisy in the country;
+but now they are spreading everywhere, as if when left alone they
+preferred their natural state. The Governor also took a kindly
+interest in the work, offering valuable hints as to the planting of
+fruit trees, etc. Mr. Work, of Hillside, also sent me a fine lot of
+young ornamental trees, which flourished well. A good gardening book
+was loaned me of the company&mdash;a long loan, I think, as I have
+possession of it still.</p>
+
+<p>So the garden, though nothing to boast of in the artistic point of
+view, yielded abundance of fruit.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img46">
+<img width="394" height="307" src="images/vi46.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Bishop and Mrs. Cridge.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>But if it were pleasant to get into the Parsonage, it by no means
+follows that life in the Fort was dreary; <span class="pagenum">p.249</span> on the contrary, some
+of our happiest hours were spent there. Besides my satisfaction with
+the present and hopes for the future, coupled with the companionship
+of one who had full possession of my heart and life, we were forming
+and cementing friendships which were to endure for many a long year.
+Not only this&mdash;there were pleasant musical and social evenings. There
+were voices and instruments; Mrs. Mouat, with the piano brought out
+with her from England; Mr. Augustus Pemberton, lately arrived from
+Ireland with his flute; Mr. B. W. Pearse, with his violin; I did what
+I could with my &rsquo;cello, the instrument my father had and played when
+a boy.</p>
+
+<p>It was also during those early days that we, my wife and I, had our
+first experience of the Governor&rsquo;s delightful riding parties on
+Saturday afternoons, when the officers of the Company and friends,
+their wives and daughters, rode merrily across the country unimpeded
+by gates or bars. I remember the first, when my wife, who did not
+ride, had her first drive in the Governor&rsquo;s carriage&mdash;a homemade
+vehicle, without springs, as befitted the times and the place; our
+destination was Cadboro Bay, which we reached by a trail which,
+beginning near the Fort, lay all through open country without a house
+or field till we arrived at the Company&rsquo;s farm at that beautiful
+spot; and though I cannot remember what we did there on that day, I
+remember well that on many another day I had to send man and horse
+there for meat for my family.</p>
+
+<p>On another occasion our ride lying along the Saanich trail, when near
+the North Dairy farm the Governor called a halt; a man stepped out
+and fired up into a tree and a grouse fell dead; he reloaded and
+fired up into the same tree again and another grouse fell dead. <span class="pagenum">p.250</span>
+I, if no one else in the party, was astonished at conduct so
+different from that of birds in civilized countries. Whether it was
+the proper time for grouse-shooting I know not, for I have no record
+of the date, nor, indeed, of the occurrence. Perhaps the Natural
+History Society might be able to explain why the second bird behaved
+as it did. I think it was in the same ride that another halt was
+called, it being reported that a bear was in a thicket near the
+trail. All listened and looked, and when I remarked to the Governor
+that I thought I heard the creature roar, His Excellency said, "Bears
+do not roar!" I believe he was right, for though we read in both
+versions of the Bible, "We all roar like bears," I have reason to
+believe that the translation is incorrect, besides believing also
+that the man whose life is largely spent in the wilds is more likely
+to be right on such a point than the scholar in his study. Perhaps
+the Natural History Society may throw some light on this question
+also: "Do bears roar?"</p>
+
+<p>In those early days there were frequently several men-of-war in
+Esquimalt harbor at once. Being the only Protestant clergyman then in
+the Island, I often visited them and had much pleasant intercourse
+with the officers. But my memory serves me little as to particulars.
+I find the following entries:</p>
+
+<p>"Aug. 28, &rsquo;55.&mdash;Attended a prayer meeting on board H. M. S.
+<i>Trincomalee</i>."</p>
+
+<p>"Sept. 9, &rsquo;55.&mdash;<i>Trincomalee</i> sailed and <i>President</i>
+arrived."</p>
+
+<p>"Oct. 28, &rsquo;55.&mdash;The Reverend Holme, Chaplain of H. M. S.
+<i>President</i>, preached for me in the afternoon at the Fort."</p>
+
+<p>"Aug. 11, &rsquo;55.&mdash;H. M. S. <i>Monarch</i> arrived."</p>
+
+<p>"Sept. 14, &rsquo;56.&mdash;Mr. Green, Chaplain of the <i>Monarch</i>, preached
+for me in the afternoon;" also "on Sept. <span class="pagenum">p.251</span> 21." These last two
+sermons were preached in the district church (called "Christ Church,"
+after my church in London), it having been opened and divine service
+held therein the month before.</p>
+
+<p>"Aug. 30, &rsquo;56.&mdash;The Governor went in the <i>Trincomalee</i> to
+Cowichan to demand the Indian who had lately shot a white man." The
+wounded man was brought to the Fort, where I visited him. He
+recovered and was sent away to be safe from the Indians&rsquo; vengeance.
+The Indian who shot him was delivered up by his tribe, was tried and
+executed in their presence.</p>
+
+<p>"Aug. 21, &rsquo;56.&mdash;Held a prayer meeting at the Parsonage, with Mr.
+Cook, the gunner, and Mr. Price, midshipman, both of the
+<i>Trincomalee</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"Aug. 24, &rsquo;56.&mdash;Held a prayer meeting with Mr. Cook, of the
+<i>Trincomalee</i>, in the Craigflower school-room."</p>
+
+<p>From the above records it would appear that the <i>Trincomalee</i>
+was in these waters over a year at this period. I think her presence
+had to do with the Russian war. It was after Admiral Price shot
+himself on account of some error he had committed in the war. I
+remember the Governor saying to me one day, that he had received
+instructions from the Home Government to build a hospital at
+Esquimalt for some wounded sailors expected down from Petrapolowski,
+but had not been told where the money was to come from. The hospital
+was built, however, but I do not remember that any wounded were
+brought; but I remember visiting afterwards a sick Victorian, who
+died there. The present naval hospital is, I believe, the one I refer
+to.</p>
+
+<p>About this time I remember an American ship-of-war coming with a
+United States Commissioner on board to settle with Governor Douglas
+the boundary between the <span class="pagenum">p.252</span> British and American territories on the
+mainland, and his attending divine service in the district church,
+and my including the United States President in the church prayers.</p>
+
+<p>I remember also my wife&rsquo;s inviting Lieutenant Parry, of one of H. M.
+ships, to stay a few days with us at our rooms in the Fort, he being
+in delicate health and having just heard of the death of his father,
+Sir Edward Parry, the celebrated Arctic navigator and explorer.</p>
+
+<p>As the latter died in July, 1835, the visit referred to would be
+shortly after this. I have still the gold pencil case he gave me as a
+memento of his visit. He died not long afterwards, and I had some
+correspondence in reference to the sorrowful event with Bishop Parry
+(his brother, I think).</p>
+
+<p>I remember also, though the names escape me, the captain of one of
+the ships telling me a thrilling story of his recently finding the
+remains of a Captain Gardiner and his party, who had been starved to
+death on some shore in the neighborhood of Cape Horn, a tragedy which
+caused widespread interest and pity at the time.</p>
+
+<p>At this time there were no local newspapers. Mails were received from
+England once a fortnight, fetched by canoe from the American side;
+ships from England once a year. The opening of the annual box from
+friends there was an exciting event to my wife. <i>The Otter</i>
+(Capt. Mouat) was occasionally sent to San Francisco for requisites.
+In the same vessel I remember our going with Governor Douglas to San
+Juan Island, then in possession of the British, and Mr. Griffin, the
+Company&rsquo;s officer in charge there, presenting my wife with a
+beautiful fawn, which we brought back with us.</p>
+
+<p>I know not what the population of Victoria might be <span class="pagenum">p.253</span> at that
+time, though I think two hundred would be the outside; the population
+on the whole island being about six hundred. You could, I think,
+count the houses on each of the four principal streets&mdash;Government,
+Fort, Yates, Johnson&mdash;on the fingers on one hand. I only remember
+three on James Bay side, to reach which, there being no bridge to
+connect with Government Street, you had to go round by where the
+Church of Our Lord now stands.</p>
+
+<p>For reasons which will presently appear, I regard the Christmas
+season of 1855 as the ending of a first chapter of the very
+remarkable history of this province of British Columbia, to be
+followed by another in the ensuing year destined to include events
+which the most far-seeing at the time could not possibly have
+imagined. I write simply as an observer, included, indeed, in the
+great movement, but not, strictly speaking, a working part of it. A
+time was coming, as we now know, when a flood of people was suddenly
+to overflow our city, sweeping onward to and over the mainland like a
+tidal wave from the great ocean of life; but whether it was by some
+fortunate chance decree of an overruling Providence, it did not come
+till the city was better than of old and prepared to deal with it.</p>
+
+<p>The time had now come when the dual government&mdash;the <i>imperium in
+imperio</i>&mdash;was to cease, and the people to stand in direct relation
+to the sovereign. Influenced, as we have reason to believe, by
+complaints of the settlers, it was decided by the Home authorities to
+grant them a free constitution after the English model, so far as
+popular representation was concerned. And so it came to pass that
+within eight months after Christmas, 1855, the newly-elected
+representatives of the people were, in the name of Her Majesty the
+Queen, <span class="pagenum">p.254</span> called together by the Governor in a room within the Fort,
+and by him, with counsel and prayer, commended to the long-coveted
+duties of legislation. Thus was a small shoot of an Empire
+unsurpassed for the freedom of its subjects well and truly planted in
+the western shore of the vast possessions of Great Britain, this side
+of the provinces in the East, and now did the people, rejoicing in
+their freedom, begin to look for expansion and progress. But with
+what hope? What was the prospect of their reaching the conditions
+which we see to-day?</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img47">
+<img width="261" height="444" src="images/vi47.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Bishop Cridge.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Looking at the more than twenty years it had taken to reach their
+present population of six hundred souls; looking at the
+inaccessibility of the Island to all but a few adventurous or wealthy
+immigrants; allowing also full force to the new attraction of a land
+whose people enjoyed the privilege of self-government; I think the
+most sanguine in that day could not have expected such a result as we
+see to-day in a less period than centuries to come. To us who know
+what brought it to pass; to us who know that the real efficient cause
+of the marvelous effect was the strongest passion and incentive to
+adventure that ever actuated the mind of man, it all seems natural
+and easy; but to the six hundred in 1856 it would have seemed a
+dream. At the same time it must, I think, be admitted that such a
+sudden inrush must have endangered, if not the independence, at least
+the peace and order of the community on which it fell. For what, we
+may ask, might have been the consequence if the cry of gold for the
+picking up had been raised earlier, in the time, say, of the dual
+government, when, as is well known, the people were discontented with
+a government which, excellent as it confessedly was for the times,
+had its own profit first of all to be <span class="pagenum">p.255</span> considered, instead of
+coming, as it did, to a people which, rejoicing in its newly-found
+freedom, was not to be reckoned on for favoring any schemes of
+wildness or riot? I do not suggest any danger of invasion or
+overthrow of the government when hundreds of thousands of
+gold-seekers from the neighboring country filled the streets of our
+little city; England&rsquo;s far-reaching arm sufficed to cope with that;
+but I do suggest danger to law and order afterwards. For this the
+presence of warships in Esquimalt harbor could afford but slight
+remedy. The remedy must be in the people themselves and in the
+administration of law. A little leaven leavens a great lump, but in
+this case the leaven of discontent being removed, the lump remained
+uncontaminated. That this was how order was restored will appear from
+what followed after the suppression of the disorder which broke out
+among the miners at the beginning.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Augustus F. Pemberton, commissioner of police, was staying at my
+house when, after he had gone to bed, a message came from the Chief
+of Police that the town was in an uproar, and that the miners were
+threatening to take the city. Mr. Pemberton immediately repaired to
+the Governor&rsquo;s and reported. His Excellency&rsquo;s first impulse was to
+fix on his sword; but he changed his mind and sent a messenger
+express to order a gunboat from Esquimalt. Meanwhile Mr. Pemberton
+went into the city and conferred with the miners till the gunboat
+arrived, and thus ended the matter.</p>
+
+<p>As I went with Mr. Pemberton to the Governor&rsquo;s house and to the city
+on this occasion, I write as an eye-witness. I may say that my
+impression is that there was no serious intention on the part of the
+miners as a body to take the city by force. I knew too many of <span class="pagenum">p.256</span>
+them afterwards, of good and <a id="emen6">peaceable</a> conduct, to think it. But it
+was well that the disorderly among them should begin their education
+in English law by this prompt display of force.</p>
+
+<p>I now note a singular condition of things, as conducive to the
+continuance and perpetuation of the order thus restored. The miners
+at this time to the number, it was computed, of some ten thousand,
+were encamped in the open spaces of the city, waiting for the most
+suitable time for proceeding to the mainland in their search for
+gold. I do not remember how long the time was that they waited, but
+it was certainly some weeks. And what I wish emphatically to say is,
+that this interval afforded them a unique opportunity of learning
+what British law and order meant. Mr. Pemberton was their teacher.
+Fearless, untiring and vigilant, he suppressed every disorder as it
+arose. There was need.</p>
+
+<p>A man was killed in a duel on Church Hill. Thenceforth it was at a
+man&rsquo;s peril to be found with a revolver on his person, and so the
+odious practice fell into disuse.</p>
+
+<p>The effect of this practical education in obedience to law on the
+thousands thus gathered together in one place can easily be imagined.
+Not only did they become peaceable and orderly, and even friendly,
+while here, even meeting in a body to hear the Governor&rsquo;s advice as
+to their movements, but wherever they were scattered abroad on the
+mainland, lawlessness was a thing unknown among them as a body, and
+they wrought as if they remembered the Governor&rsquo;s parting words which
+still seem to sound in my ears: "There is gold in the country, and
+you are the men to find it!"</p>
+
+<p>Thus I think it is plain that Mr. Pemberton was practically the real
+exponent of British law and order <span class="pagenum">p.257</span> in that arduous time. We do not
+forget what is due on the mainland to Matthew Baillie Begbie, Chief
+Justice, who dealt rigidly with offenders committed for trial before
+him. His inflexible administration of the law struck terror into the
+hearts of evildoers. Still less must we forget the man at the helm
+and master of the ship, His Excellency Governor Douglas, who, by
+his sagacity, penetration, and godly fear, coupled with his long
+experience of personal rule over men, ever knew what to do and when
+to do it.</p>
+
+<p>Thus from Victoria went forth an influence for law and order
+throughout the land, which will not soon pass away. Our little city
+has ever been noted as being English in character and law-abiding in
+conduct. May she remain so. She does well to rejoice and be thankful
+for the natural beauties which so richly adorn her site. Let her also
+so continue to follow the right, the good, the loving and the true,
+that she may for this also be as a city set on a hill whose light
+cannot be hid.</p>
+
+<p>Regarding, as I do, the six hundred islanders with the patriotic
+Governor at their head as the real foundation of the things to come
+in the second chapter of their history, I have written from memory
+such names as my position enabled me to become acquainted with at
+that early period, intending to add them to this paper, but space
+forbids.</p>
+
+<p>And now I should earnestly desire to send my Christmas greetings to
+the people of Victoria; first to the few dear old friends that remain
+of the old Fort days, and next to those who have come later, from all
+of whom I have received kindnesses which God alone can repay. May His
+blessing rest on all and each one not only of our beloved city, but
+on the whole of this our Province of British Columbia, for we are all
+one, as the name imports.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.258</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov38">CHAPTER XXXVIII.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">CHRISTMAS REMINISCENCES BY HON. J. S. HELMCKEN.</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Hudson Bay Days.</h4>
+
+<p>You ask me to give some information as to the observance of Christmas
+Day in the early days of the Colony, say fifty-five years ago. I may
+say at once that there were no set forms of celebration in those
+days, save that the chaplain, Rev. Mr. Staines, held divine service
+in the mess-room, a hall that served for baptisms, deaths and
+marriages, also balls and other recreation. At the same time Rev.
+Father Lamfpet, a missionary Catholic priest, assembled his flock in
+a shanty, built chiefly by himself and plastered with clay, which had
+wide cracks in it. This edifice stood on Courtney Street, between
+Douglas and Government. Of course Christmas Day was a holiday.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img48">
+<img width="258" height="437" src="images/vi48.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Dr. Helmcken.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>In the early days changes came quickly. In 1852 Captain Langford,
+wife and family arrived. They were in some way connected with the
+then Governor Blanchard. T. Skinner, Esq., wife and family arrived at
+the same time. These were British and cultured people. Langford and
+Skinner were agents of the Puget Sound Company, so with them came a
+large number of Britishers, to open up and cultivate farms at
+Colwood, the latter near the now Naval Hospital at Esquimalt. Captain
+Grant and Captain Cooper were here, and soon <span class="pagenum">p.259</span> came the noble,
+steadfast laird, Mr. Kenneth McKenzie, wife and family. These brought
+their customs with them, so of course Christmas observances. It
+will thus be seen that Christmas and other customs came with the
+immigrants, and from the planting of that seed, the present Christmas
+observances have grown. In Scotland and America the day is much more
+observed than formerly; all did as they pleased&mdash;shooting, hunting,
+fishing and visiting being the chief recreations, and getting as good
+a dinner as possible, perhaps practise at the Beacon, a barrel
+riddled with bullets, and standing on a long pole. This beacon was a
+mark for ships. Another stood near the water to the north. Captain
+Sangster used to perambulate here, a telescope in hand, watching for
+the annual Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s ship, the signal being two guns.</p>
+
+<p>No waits at night, no chimes, no bells, no Christmas carols, no
+pianos, in fact no musical instruments of any kind, save the bell of
+the Fort. On one occasion a dance and supper were determined on, but
+where was the band? Nothing but Mr. Tod and his fiddle existed. Mr.
+Tod, a good soul, peace be with him, ever ready to assist, assisted.
+Mr. Tod had a peculiarity; when playing he would cast off a shoe, and
+kept time by stamping the resounding floor with his stockinged foot.
+However, an employee came forth, "I can help you, sirs; give me a
+sheet of tin." He got it, and in a short time came back with a tin
+whistle, on which he played admirably. This was the band, and
+everyone enjoyed the dance and everything else. The band, too, was
+the orchestra at a night of private theatricals, in which J. D.
+Pemberton and Joseph McKay were the <span class="pagenum">p.260</span> star actors, whilst the
+others handed round port, ale, cider, ginger beer, oranges, lemons
+and nuts&mdash;that is to say they would if they had them.</p>
+
+<p>There were no public-houses nor public amusements at this time,
+turkeys unknown and beef scarce. In fact a rudimentary Christmas
+festival of a holiday, not holy-day, type.</p>
+
+<p>It may be here remarked that sixty years ago Christmas Day was but
+little observed in Scotland, and the same may be said of America. In
+England, however, where it was and is a statute holiday, Christmas
+was universally celebrated. Essentially it was a children&rsquo;s day and
+one of family reunions, and in those days when travelling was
+expensive and tedious, this meant more than it does to-day. The
+visitors received a joyous welcome, not a sort of empty every-day
+one. Plum pudding, roast beef, and mince pies and nuts were the order
+of the day, for beverage various kinds of drinks. Holly and mistletoe
+and evergreens obtained in nearly every house; in fact it was a
+joyous day from morn till night. Games of various kinds were played.
+Toys for children, rudimentary toys and picture books, cheap, and
+such as the too knowing children of to-day would turn up their little
+noses at, and my goodness! the fun of the mistletoe and mulberry
+tree! Spreading of course from British Columbia, but in sober earnest
+to the immortal Charles Dickens&rsquo; works, particularly the Pickwick
+Club and the annual "Christmas Stories."</p>
+
+<p>The holly now, as in England, generally used, is not indigenous, but
+grown from introduced seed chiefly. The berried holly is now in great
+demand all along the Pacific shores, and American purchasers
+are eager to buy it. Curiously, it grows well in Victoria and
+neighborhood, <span class="pagenum">p.261</span> but fails as it grows south. Mistletoe, a parasite,
+used of old in the mystic rites of the Druids, does not grow here,
+but a species thereof comes from the States, which serves its usual
+purpose, in spite of all moral reformers and the scientific maxims
+of the dangers of bacteria (bacteria of love) incurred in and by
+osculation. Who cares about this kind of danger when under the
+mistletoe at Christmas&mdash;the fun and pleasure of obtaining it or at
+"blindman&rsquo;s buff," and the pretended wish and effort not to be
+caught. None of this in Victoria in 1850. How soon after?</p>
+
+<p>Oh, the merry days when we were young! Turkeys were rare, but Dr.
+Trimble had a turkey which he kept on his premises on Broad Street.
+Daily he and Mrs. Trimble would visit his treasure, who with his
+fantail erect and feathers vibrating and with a gobble-gobble and
+proud step would show his pleasure at the meeting, but the doctor and
+wife, although admiring and loving the proud and handsome bird, had
+murderous thoughts in their "innards," and declared he would be a
+splendid bird by Christmas for dinner, so in due course they invited
+some half dozen friends to eat the turkey on Christmas Day. A few
+days before Christmas, the doctor and wife, on their daily visit,
+found the turkey had vanished. Inquiries were made for it, and the
+invited friends were assiduous in helping to unravel the mystery, and
+concluded in the end that it had been stolen. They condoled and
+sympathized with the bereaved, and tried to assuage the grief by
+telling Trimble and wife that they would give him a dinner on
+Christmas Day instead! The grief-stricken parties accepted the
+invitation, as the best thing to be done under the unfortunate
+circumstances. So on Christmas <span class="pagenum">p.262</span> Day they assembled very jollily.
+The earlier courses were eaten with fizz, etc. Now comes up the
+principal dish, which being uncovered displayed a fine cooked turkey.
+Trimble was a good-natured fellow, so you may easily foretell what
+followed. Who stole the turkey? The echoes of their laughing,
+intertwining shadows reply "Who-o-o?"</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.263</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov39">CHAPTER XXXIX.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">MY FIRST CHRISTMAS DINNER IN VICTORIA, 1860.</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">By D. W. H.</h4>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"Ask and it shall be given you; seek and ye shall find; knock and
+it shall be opened unto you. For every one that asketh receiveth;
+and he that seeketh findeth, and to him that knocketh it shall be
+opened."&mdash;Matt. 7:7, 8.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>On the 22nd day of December, 1860, nearly fifty-three years ago, I
+sat in the editorial room of the <i>Colonist</i> office on Wharf
+Street, concocting a leading article. Mr. Amor De Cosmos, the able
+editor and owner, had contracted a severe cold and was confined to
+his room at Wilcox&rsquo;s Royal Hotel, so the entire work of writing up
+the paper for that issue devolved upon me. The office was a rude,
+one-story affair of wood. It had been erected for a merchant early in
+1858, and when he failed or went away the building fell into Mr. De
+Cosmos&rsquo; hands. On the 11th December, 1858, Mr. De Cosmos established
+the <i>Colonist</i>, which has ever since filled a prominent and
+honorable position in colonial journalism. Our office, as I have
+remarked, was a rude affair. The accompanying picture will convey a
+better idea of its appearance than anything I might write. The
+editorial room was a small space partitioned off from the composing
+room, which contained <span class="pagenum">p.264</span> also the little hand-press on which the
+paper was printed. A person who might wish to see the editor was
+forced to pick his way through a line of stands and cases at which
+stood the coatless printers who set the type and prepared the forms
+for the press.</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img49">
+<img width="254" height="431" src="images/vi49.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Amor de Cosmos.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The day was chill and raw. A heavy wind from the south-west stirred
+the waters of the harbor and hurling itself with fury against the
+front of the building made the timbers crack and groan as if in
+paroxysms of pain. A driving rain fell in sheets on the roof and
+drops of water which leaked through the shingles fell on the
+editorial table, swelled into little rivulets, and, leaping to the
+floor, chased each other over the room, making existence therein
+uncomfortably damp. As I wrote away in spite of these obstacles I was
+made aware by a shadow that fell across my table of the presence of
+someone in the doorway. I raised my eyes and there stood a female&mdash;a
+rare object in those days, when women and children were as scarce as
+hen&rsquo;s teeth, and were hardly ever met upon the streets, much less in
+an editorial sanctum. I rose to my feet at once, and removing my hat
+awaited results. In the brief space of time that elapsed before the
+lady spoke I took her all in. She was a woman of scarcely forty, I
+thought; of medium height, a brunette, with large coal-black eyes, a
+pretty mouth&mdash;a perfect Cupid&rsquo;s bow&mdash;and olive-hued cheeks. She was
+richly dressed in bright colors with heavy broad stripes and
+space-encircling hoops after the fashion of the day. When she spoke
+it was in a rich, well-rounded tone&mdash;not with the nasal drawl which
+we hear so much when across the line, and which some Victoria
+school-girls and boys seem to delight in imitating in spite of the
+efforts of their teachers. Taken all in all I sized the lady up as a
+very presentable person.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.265</p>
+
+<p>Having explained to her, in response to an inquiry, that the editor
+was ill, she said that she would call again and went away after
+leaving her card. Two days later, on the 24th of December, the lady
+came again.</p>
+
+<p>"Is the editor still ill?" she asked.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes; but he will be here in the course of a day or two."</p>
+
+<p>"Ah! well, that is too bad," she said. "My business is of importance
+and cannot bear delay. But I am told that you will do as well."</p>
+
+<p>I assured the lady that I should be glad to assist her in any way.
+Thanking me, she began:</p>
+
+<p>"My name is Madame Fabre; my husband, who was French, is dead&mdash;died
+in California. I am a Russian. In Russia I am a princess. (She paused
+as if to watch the impression her announcement had made.) Here I am a
+mere nobody&mdash;only Madame Fabre. I married my husband in France. We
+came to California. We had much money and my husband went into quartz
+mining at Grass Valley. He did not understand the business at all. We
+lost everything. Then he died (and she drew a lace handkerchief from
+her reticule, and pressing it to her eyes sighed deeply). Alas! Yes,
+Emil passed from me and is now, I trust, in heaven. He left me a
+mountain of debts and one son, Bertrand, a good child, as good as
+gold, very thoughtful and obedient. May I call him in? He awaits your
+permission without."</p>
+
+<p>I replied, "Certainly," and stepping to the door she called,
+"Bertrand! Bertrand! my child, come here, and speak to the
+gentleman."</p>
+
+<p>I expected to see a boy of five or six years, wearing curls, in short
+trousers, a beaded jacket and fancy cap, whom I would take on my
+knee, toy with his curls, ask <span class="pagenum">p.266</span> his name and age and give him a
+"bit" with which to stuff his youthful stomach with indigestible
+sweetmeats. Judge my surprise when, preceded by the noise of a heavy
+tread, a huge youth of about seventeen, bigger and taller than
+myself, and smoking a cigar, appeared at the opening, and in a deep,
+gruff voice that a sea captain or a militia commander would have
+envied, asked:</p>
+
+<p>"Did you call, mamma?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, my dear child," she sweetly responded; "I wish to introduce you
+to this gentleman."</p>
+
+<p>The "child" removed his hat, and I noticed that his hair was cut
+close to the scalp. Having been duly introduced at my request he sat
+down in my chair while I took a seat on the edge of the editorial
+table, which was very rickety and would scarcely bear my weight at
+the present day.</p>
+
+<p>The parent gazed at her son fondly for a moment and then proceeded:</p>
+
+<p>"Bertrand&rsquo;s fortune was swallowed up in the quartz wreck; but he is
+very sweet and very patient, and never complains. Poor lad! It was
+hard upon him, but he forgives all&mdash;do you not, dear?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," rumbled the "child" from the pit of his stomach; but the
+expression that flitted across his visage made me think that he would
+rather have said "No," had he dared.</p>
+
+<p>"That being the case I will now explain the object of my visit. As I
+have said, we have lost everything&mdash;that is to say, our income is so
+greatly reduced that it is now a matter of not more than $1,000 a
+month. Upon that meagre sum my dear boy and I contrive to get along
+by practising the strictest economy consistent with our position in
+life. Naturally we wish to do <span class="pagenum">p.267</span> better, and then go back to Russia
+and live with the nobility. Do we not, Bertrand?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," rumbled the "child" from his stomach again, as he lighted a
+fresh cigar.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, now, Mr. H.," the lady went on, "I want an adviser. I ask
+Pierre Manciot at the French Hotel, and he tells me to see his
+partner, John Sere; and Mr. Sere tells me to go to the editor of the
+<i>Colonist</i>. I come here. The editor is ill. I go back to Mr.
+Sere and he says, see D. W. H.; he will set you all right. So I come
+to you to tell you what I want."</p>
+
+<p>She paused for a moment to take a newspaper from her reticule and
+then continued:</p>
+
+<p>"After my husband died and left the debts and this precious child
+(the "child" gazed abstractedly at the ceiling while he blew rings of
+smoke from his mouth) we made a grand discovery. Our foreman, working
+in the mine, strikes rich quartz, covers it up again, and tells no
+one but me. All the shareholders have gone&mdash;what you call &lsquo;busted,&rsquo; I
+believe? We get hold of many shares cheap, and now I come here to get
+the rest. An Englishman owns enough shares to give him control&mdash;I
+mean that out of two hundred thousand shares I have got ninety-five
+thousand, and the rest this Englishman holds. We have traced him
+through Oregon to this place, and we lose all sign of him here." (Up
+to this moment I had not been particularly interested in the
+narration.) She paused, and laying a neatly-gloved hand on my arm
+proceeded:</p>
+
+<p>"You are a man of affairs."</p>
+
+<p>I modestly intimated that I was nothing of the kind, only a reporter.</p>
+
+<p>"Ah! yes. You cannot deceive me. I see it in your eye, your face,
+your movements. You are a man of <span class="pagenum">p.268</span> large experience and keen
+judgment. Your conversation is charming."</p>
+
+<p>As she had spoken for ten minutes without giving me an opportunity to
+say a word, I could not quite understand how she arrived at an
+estimate of my conversational powers. However, I felt flattered, but
+said nothing.</p>
+
+<p>Pressing my arm with her hand, which gave me a warm feeling in the
+neighborhood of my heart, she went on:</p>
+
+<p>"I come to you as a man of the world. (I made a gesture of dissent,
+but it was very feeble, for I was already caught in the web.) I rely
+upon you. I ask you to help me. Bertrand&mdash;poor, dear Bertie&mdash;has no
+head for business&mdash;he is too young, too confiding&mdash;too&mdash;too&mdash;what you
+English people call simple&mdash;no, too good&mdash;too noble&mdash;he takes after
+my family&mdash;to know anything about such affairs&mdash;so I come to you."</p>
+
+<p>Was it possible that because I was considered unredeemably bad I was
+selected for this woman&rsquo;s purpose? As I mused, half disposed to get
+angry, I raised my head and my eyes encountered the burning orbs of
+the Madame, gazing full into mine. They seemed to bore like gimlets
+into my very soul. A thrill ran through me like the shock from an
+electric battery, and in an instant I seemed bound hand and foot to
+the fortunes of this strange woman. I felt myself being dragged along
+as the Roman Emperors were wont to draw their captives through the
+streets of their capital. I fluttered for a few seconds like a bird
+in the fowler&rsquo;s net and then I gave up. The contest was too unequal.
+God help me! The eyes had conquered and I lay panting at the feet, as
+it were, of the conqueror. I have only a hazy recollection of what
+passed between us after <span class="pagenum">p.269</span> that; but I call to mind that she asked
+me to insert as an advertisement a paragraph from a Grass Valley
+newspaper to the effect that the mine (the name of which I forget)
+was a failure and that shares could be bought for two cents.
+When she took her leave I promised to call upon her at the hotel.
+When the "child" extended a cold, clammy hand in farewell I felt like
+giving him a kick&mdash;he looked so grim and ugly and patronizing. I
+gazed into his eyes sternly and read there deceit, hypocrisy and
+moral degeneration. How I hated him!</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The pair had been gone several minutes before I recovered my mental
+balance and awoke to a realization of the fact that I was a young
+fool who had sold himself (perhaps to the devil) for a few empty
+compliments and a peep into the deep well of an artful woman&rsquo;s
+blazing eyes. I was inwardly cursing my stupidity while pacing up and
+down the floor of the "den" when I heard a timid knock at the door.
+In response to my invitation to "come in" a young lady entered. She
+was pretty and about twenty years of age, fair, with dark blue eyes
+and light brown hair. A blush suffused her face as she asked for the
+editor. I returned the usual answer.</p>
+
+<p>"Perhaps you will do for my purpose," she said timidly. "I have here
+a piece of poetry."</p>
+
+<p>I gasped as I thought, "It&rsquo;s an ode on winter. Oh, Lord!"</p>
+
+<p>"A piece of poetry," she continued, "on Britain&rsquo;s Queen. If you will
+read it and find it worthy a place in your paper I shall be glad to
+write more. If it is worth paying for I shall be glad to get
+anything."</p>
+
+<p>Her hand trembled as she produced the paper.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.270</p>
+
+<p>I thanked her and telling her that I would look it over she withdrew.
+I could not help contrasting the first with the last visitor. The one
+had attracted me by her artful and flattering tongue, the skilful use
+of her beautiful eyes and the pressure of her hand on my coat sleeve;
+the other by the modesty of her demeanor. The timid shyness with
+which she presented her poem had caught my fancy. I looked at the
+piece. It was poor, not but what the sentiment was there and the
+ideas were good, but they were not well put. As prose it would have
+been acceptable, but as verse it was impossible and was not worth
+anything.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The next was Christmas Day. It was my first Christmas in Victoria.
+Business was suspended. All the stores were closed. At that time in
+front of every business house there were wooden verandahs or sheds
+that extended from the fronts of the buildings to the outer edges of
+the sidewalks. One might walk along any of the down-town streets and
+be under cover all the way. They were ugly, unsightly constructions
+and I waged constant warfare against them until I joined the
+aldermanic board and secured the passage of an ordinance that
+compelled their removal. Along these verandahs on this particular
+Christmas morning evergreen boughs were placed and the little town
+really presented a very pretty and sylvan appearance. After church I
+went to the office and from the office to the Hotel de France for
+luncheon. The only other guest in the room was a tall, florid-faced
+young man somewhat older than myself. He occupied a table on the
+opposite side of the room. When I gave my order M. Sere remarked,
+"All the regular boarders but you have gone to luncheon and dinner
+with their friends. Why not you?"</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.271</p>
+
+<p>"Why," I replied, with a quaver in my voice, "the only families that
+I know are dining with friends of their own, whom I do not know. I
+feel more homesick to-day than ever before in my life and the idea of
+eating my Christmas dinner alone fills me with melancholy thoughts."</p>
+
+<p>The man on the other side of the room must have overheard what I
+said, for he ejaculated:</p>
+
+<p>"There&rsquo;s two of a kind. I&rsquo;m in a similar fix. I have no friends
+here&mdash;at least with whom I can dine. Suppose we double up?"</p>
+
+<p>"What&rsquo;s that?" I asked.</p>
+
+<p>"Why, let us eat our Christmas dinner together and have a good time.
+Here&rsquo;s my card and here&rsquo;s a letter of credit on Mr. Pendergast, Wells
+Fargo&rsquo;s agent, to show that I am not without visible means of
+support."</p>
+
+<p>The card read, "Mr. George Barclay, Grass Valley."</p>
+
+<p>"Why," I said, "you are from Grass Valley. How strange. I saw two
+people yesterday&mdash;a lady and her &lsquo;child&rsquo;&mdash;who claimed to have come
+from Grass Valley."</p>
+
+<p>"Indeed," he asked; "what are they like?"</p>
+
+<p>"The mother says she is a Russian princess. She calls herself Mme.
+Fabre and says she is a widow. She is very handsome and intelligent
+and"&mdash;I added with a shudder&mdash;"has the loveliest eyes&mdash;they bored me
+through and through."</p>
+
+<p>My new friend faintly smiled and said, "I know them. By and bye, when
+we get better acquainted, I shall tell you all about them. Meantime,
+be on your guard."</p>
+
+<p>After luncheon we walked along Government to Yates Street and then to
+the <i>Colonist</i> shack. And as I placed the key in the lock I saw
+the young lady who had submitted the poetry walking rapidly towards
+us. My <span class="pagenum">p.272</span> companion flushed slightly and raising his hat, extended
+his hand, which the lady accepted with hesitation. They exchanged
+some words and then the lady addressing me asked, "Was my poem
+acceptable?"</p>
+
+<p>"To tell you the truth, Miss&mdash;Miss&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Forbes," she interjected.</p>
+
+<p>"I have not had time to read it carefully." (As a matter of fact I
+had not bestowed a second thought upon the poem, but was ashamed to
+acknowledge it.)</p>
+
+<p>"When&mdash;oh! when can you decide?" she asked with much earnestness.</p>
+
+<p>"To-morrow, I think"&mdash;for I fully intended to decline it.</p>
+
+<p>She seemed deeply disappointed. Her lip quivered as she held down her
+head and her form trembled with agitation. I could not understand her
+emotion, but, of course, said nothing to show that I observed it.</p>
+
+<p>"Could you not give me an answer to-day&mdash;this afternoon?" the girl
+urged.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," I said, "as you seem so very anxious, if you will give me your
+address I shall take or send an answer before four o&rsquo;clock. Where do
+you reside?"</p>
+
+<p>"Do you know Forshay&rsquo;s cottages? They are a long way up Yates Street.
+We occupy No. 4."</p>
+
+<p>Forshay&rsquo;s cottages were a collection of little cabins that had been
+erected on a lot at the corner of Cook and Yates Streets. They have
+long since disappeared. They were of one story and each cottage
+contained three rooms&mdash;a kitchen and two other rooms. I could
+scarcely imagine a refined person such as the lady before me
+occupying those miserable quarters; but then, you know, necessity
+knows no law.</p>
+
+<p>The girl thanked me and Barclay accompanied her to the corner of
+Yates Street. He seemed to be trying <span class="pagenum">p.273</span> to induce her to do
+something she did not approve of, for she shook her head with an air
+of determination and resolve and hurried away.</p>
+
+<p>Barclay came back to the office and said: "I am English myself, but
+the silliest creature in the world is an Englishman who, having once
+been well off, finds himself stranded. His pride will not allow him
+to accept favors. I knew that girl&rsquo;s father and mother in Grass
+Valley. The old gentleman lost a fortune at quartz mining. His
+partner, a Mr. Maloney, a Dublin man and graduate of Trinity College,
+having sunk his own and his wife&rsquo;s money in the mine, poisoned his
+wife, three children and himself with strychnine three years ago. By
+the way, I met a Grass Valley man this morning. His name is Robert
+Homfray, a civil engineer. He tells me he is located here
+permanently. He and his brother lost a great deal of money in the
+Grass Valley mines, and we talked over the Maloney tragedy, with the
+circumstances of which he was familiar, but the strangest part of the
+story is that three months ago the property was reopened and the very
+first shot that was fired in the tunnel laid bare a rich vein. Had
+Maloney fired one more charge he would have been rich. As it was he
+died a murderer and a suicide. Poor fellow! In a day or two I will
+tell you more. But let us return to the poetry. What will you do with
+it?"</p>
+
+<p>"I fear I shall have to reject it."</p>
+
+<p>"No, no," he cried. "Accept it! This morning I went to the home of
+the family, which consists of Mr. Forbes, who is crippled with
+rheumatism, his excellent wife, the young lady from whom we have just
+parted and a little boy of seven. They are in actual want. I offered
+to lend them money to buy common necessaries <span class="pagenum">p.274</span> and Forbes rejected
+the offer in language that was insulting. Go immediately to the
+cottage. Tell the girl that you have accepted the poem and give her
+this (handing me a twenty-dollar gold piece) as the appraised value
+of her production. Then return to the Hotel de France and await
+developments."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>I repaired to the cottages. The road was long and muddy. There were
+neither sidewalks nor streets and it was a difficult matter to
+navigate the sea of mud that lay between Wharf and Cook Streets. The
+young lady answered my knock. She almost fainted when I told her the
+poem had been accepted and that the fee was twenty dollars. I placed
+the coin in her hand.</p>
+
+<p>"Mamma! Papa!" she cried, and running inside the house I heard her
+say, "My poem has been accepted and the gentleman from the
+<i>Colonist</i> office has brought me twenty dollars."</p>
+
+<p>"Thank God!" I heard a woman&rsquo;s voice exclaim. "I never lost faith,
+for what does Christ say, Ellen, &lsquo;Ask and it shall be given you, seek
+and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened.&rsquo; On this holy
+day&mdash;our Saviour&rsquo;s birthday&mdash;we have sought and we have found."</p>
+
+<p>This was followed by a sound as of someone crying, and then the girl
+flew back to the door.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh! sir," she said, "I thank you from the bottom of my heart for
+your goodness."</p>
+
+<p>"Not at all," I lied. "You have earned it and you owe me no thanks. I
+shall be glad to receive and pay for any other contributions you may
+send." I did not add, though, that they would not be published,
+although they would be paid for.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.275</p>
+
+<p>A little boy with a troubled face and a pinched look now approached
+the front door. He was neatly but poorly dressed.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh! Nellie, what is the matter?" he asked anxiously.</p>
+
+<p>"Johnnie," answered Nellie. "I have earned twenty dollars, and we
+shall have a Christmas dinner, and you shall have a drum, too." As
+she said this she caught the little fellow in her arms and kissed him
+and pressed his wan cheek against her own.</p>
+
+<p>"Shall we have a turkey, Nellie?" he asked.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, dear," she said.</p>
+
+<p>"And a plum pudding, too, with nice sauce that burns when you put a
+match to it, and shall I have two helpings?" he asked.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, and you shall set fire to the sauce and have two helpings,
+Johnnie."</p>
+
+<p>"Won&rsquo;t that be nice," he exclaimed gleefully. "But, Nellie, will papa
+get medicine to make him well again?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, Johnnie."</p>
+
+<p>"And mamma&mdash;will she get back all the pretty things she sent away to
+pay the rent with?"</p>
+
+<p>"Hush, Johnnie," said the girl with an apologetic look at me.</p>
+
+<p>"And you, Nellie, will you get back your warm cloak that the man with
+a long nose took away?"</p>
+
+<p>"Hush, dear," she said. "Go inside now; I wish to speak to this
+gentleman." She closed the front door and asked me, all the stores
+being closed, how she would be able to get the materials for the
+dinner and to redeem her promise to Johnnie.</p>
+
+<p>"Easily enough," said I. "Order it at the Hotel de France. Shall I
+take down the order?"</p>
+
+<p>"If you will be so kind," she said. "Please order what you think is
+necessary."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.276</p>
+
+<p>"And I&mdash;I have a favor to ask of you."</p>
+
+<p>"What is it?" she inquired eagerly.</p>
+
+<p>"That you will permit me to eat my Christmas dinner with you and the
+family. I am a waif and stray, alone in the world. I am almost a
+stranger here. The few acquaintances I have made are dining out and I
+am at the hotel with Mr. Barclay, whom you know and, I hope, esteem."</p>
+
+<p>"Well," she said, "come by all means."</p>
+
+<p>"And may I bring Mr. Barclay with me? He is very lonely and very
+miserable. Just think, that on a day like this he has nowhere to go
+but to an hotel."</p>
+
+<p>She considered a moment before replying; then she said, "No, do not
+bring him&mdash;let him come in while we are at dinner, as if by
+accident."</p>
+
+<p>I hastened to the Hotel de France and Sere and Manciot soon had a big
+hamper packed with an abundance of Christmas cheer and on its way
+upon the back of an Indian to the Forbes house.</p>
+
+<p>I followed and received a warm welcome from the father and mother,
+who were superior people and gave every evidence of having seen
+better days. The interior was scrupulously clean, but there was only
+one chair. A small kitchen stove at which the sick man sat was the
+only means of warmth. There were no carpets and, if I was not
+mistaken, the bed coverings were scant. The evidence of extreme
+poverty was everywhere manifest. I never felt meaner in my life, as I
+accepted the blessings that belonged to the other man. Mr. Forbes,
+who was too ill to sit at the table, reclined on a rude lounge near
+the kitchen stove. Just as dinner was being served there came a knock
+at the door. It was opened and there stood Barclay.</p>
+
+<p>"I have come," he said, "to ask you to take me in. <span class="pagenum">p.277</span> I cannot eat
+my dinner alone at the hotel. You have taken my only acquaintance
+(pointing to me) from me, and if Mr. Forbes will forgive my
+indiscretion of this morning I shall be thankful."</p>
+
+<p>"That I will," cried the old gentleman from the kitchen. "Come in and
+let us shake hands and forget our differences."</p>
+
+<p>So Barclay entered and we ate our Christmas dinner in one of the
+bedrooms. It was laid on the kitchen table, upon which a tablecloth,
+sent by the thoughtful hosts at the hotel, was spread. There were
+napkins, a big turkey and claret and champagne, and a real, live,
+polite little Frenchman to carve and wait. Barclay and I sat on the
+bed. Mrs. Forbes had the only chair. Johnnie and his sister occupied
+the hamper. Before eating Mrs. Forbes said grace, in which she again
+quoted the passage from Scripture with which I began this narration.
+Oh! for a catchup meal it was the jolliest I ever sat down to, and I
+enjoyed it, as did all the rest. Little Johnnie got two helpings of
+turkey and two helpings of pudding and then he was allowed to sip a
+little champagne when the toasts to the Queen and the father and
+mother and the young and rising poetess of the family were offered.
+Then Johnnie was toasted and put to bed in Nellie&rsquo;s room. Next it
+came my turn to say a few words in response to a sentiment which the
+old gentleman spoke through the open door from his position in the
+kitchen, and my response abounded in falsehoods about the budding
+genius of the daughter of the household. Then I called Barclay to his
+feet, and he praised me until I felt like getting up and relieving my
+soul of its weight of guilt, but I didn&rsquo;t, for had I done so the
+whole affair would have been spoiled.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.278</p>
+
+<p>Barclay and I reached our quarters at the Hotel de France about
+midnight. We were a pair of thoroughly happy mortals, for had we not,
+after all, "dined out," and had we not had a royal good time on
+Christmas Day, 1860?</p>
+
+<p>The morrow was Boxing Day and none of the offices were opened. I saw
+nothing of the Princess; but I observed Bertie, the sweet "child," as
+he paid frequent visits to the bar and filled himself to the throttle
+with brandy and water and rum and gin and bought and paid for and
+smoked the best cigars at two bits each. As I gazed upon him the
+desire to give him a kicking grew stronger.</p>
+
+<p>By appointment Barclay and I met in a private room at the hotel,
+where he unfolded his plans.</p>
+
+<p>"You must have seen," he began, "that Miss Forbes and I are warm
+friends. Our friendship began six months ago. I proposed to her and
+was accepted subject to the approval of the father. He refused to
+give his consent because, having lost his money, he could not give
+his daughter a dowry. It was in vain I urged that I had sufficient
+for both. He would listen to nothing that involved an acceptance of
+assistance from me, and he left for Vancouver Island to try his
+fortunes here. He fell ill and they have sold or pawned everything of
+value. The girl was not permitted to bid me good-bye when they left
+Grass Valley. After their departure the discovery of which I have
+informed you was made in the Maloney tunnel and as Mr. Forbes has
+held on to a control of the stock in spite of his adversities, he is
+now a rich man. I want to marry the girl. As I told you, I proposed
+when I believed them to be ruined. It is now my duty to acquaint the
+family with their good fortune and renew my suit. I <span class="pagenum">p.279</span> think I ought
+to do it to-day. Surely he will not repel me now when I take that
+news to him, as he did on Christmas morning when I tendered him a
+loan."</p>
+
+<p>I told him I thought he should impart the good news at once and stand
+the consequences. He left me for that purpose. As I walked into the
+dining-room, I saw the dear "child" Bertrand leaning over the bar
+quaffing a glass of absinthe. When he saw me he gulped down the drink
+and said:</p>
+
+<p>"Mamma would like to speak to you&mdash;she thought you would have
+called."</p>
+
+<p>I recalled the adventure with the eyes and hesitated. Then I decided
+to go to room 12 on the second flat and see the thing out. A knock on
+the door was responded to by a sweet "Come in." Mme. Fabre was seated
+in an easy chair before a cheerful coal fire.</p>
+
+<p>She arose at once and extended a plump and white hand. As we seated
+ourselves she flashed those burning eyes upon me and said:</p>
+
+<p>"I am so glad you have come! I do want your advice about my mining
+venture. In the first place I may tell you that I have found the man
+who owns the shares. He is here in Victoria with his family. He is
+desperately poor. A hundred dollars if offered would be a great
+temptation. I would give more&mdash;five hundred if necessary."</p>
+
+<p>"The property you told me of the other day is valuable, is it not?" I
+asked.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes&mdash;that is to say, we think it is. You know that mining is the
+most uncertain of all ventures. You may imagine you are rich one day
+and the next you find yourself broke. It was so with my husband. He
+came home one day and said, &lsquo;We are rich&rsquo;; and the next he said, &lsquo;We
+are poor.&rsquo; This Maloney mine looks well, but <span class="pagenum">p.280</span> who can be sure?
+When I came here I thought that if I found the man with the shares I
+could get them for a song. I may yet, but my dear child tells me that
+he has seen here a man from Grass Valley named Barclay who is a
+friend of that shareholder, and," she added, bitterly, "perhaps he
+has got ahead of me. I must see the man at once and make him an
+offer. What do you think?"</p>
+
+<p>"I think you might as well save yourself further trouble. By this
+time the shareholder has been apprised of his good fortune."</p>
+
+<p>"What!" she exclaimed, springing to her feet and transfixing me with
+her eyes. "Am I, then, too late?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," I said, "you are too late. Forbes&mdash;that is the man&rsquo;s
+name&mdash;knows of his good fortune and I do not believe he would sell
+now at any price."</p>
+
+<p>The woman gazed at me with the concentrated hate of a thousand
+furies. Her great eyes no longer bore an expression of pleading
+tenderness&mdash;they seemed to glint and expand and to shoot fierce
+flames from their depths. They no longer charmed, they terrified me!
+How I wished I had left the door open.</p>
+
+<p>"Ah!" she screamed. "I see it all. I have been betrayed&mdash;sold out.
+You have broken my confidence."</p>
+
+<p>"I have done nothing of the kind. I have never repeated to a soul
+what you told me."</p>
+
+<p>"Then who could have done it?" she exclaimed, bursting into a fit of
+hysterical tears. "I have come all this way to secure the property
+and now find that I am too late. Shame! shame!"</p>
+
+<p>"I will tell you. Barclay is really here. He knew of the strike as
+soon as you did. He is in love with Miss Forbes and followed the
+family here to tell them the good news. He is with the man at this
+moment."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.281</p>
+
+<p>"Curse him!" she cried through her set teeth.</p>
+
+<p>I left the woman plunged in a state of deep despair. I told her son
+that he should go upstairs and attend to his mother, and proceeded to
+the Forbes cottage. There I found the family in a state of great
+excitement, for Barclay had told them all and already they were
+arranging plans for returning to California and taking steps to
+reopen the property.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Forbes received me with great cordiality and the mother
+announced that the girl and Barclay were engaged to be married, the
+father having given his consent at once. The fond mother added that
+she regretted very much that her daughter would have to abandon her
+literary career which had begun so auspiciously through my discovery
+of her latent talent.</p>
+
+<p>I looked at Barclay before I replied. His face was as blank as a
+piece of white paper. His eyes, however, danced in his head as if he
+enjoyed my predicament.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," I finally said, "Mr. Barclay has much to be answerable for. I
+shall lose a valued contributor. Perhaps," I ventured, "she will
+still continue to write from California, for she possesses poetical
+talent of a high order."</p>
+
+<p>"I shall gladly do so," cried the young lady, "and without pay, too.
+I shall never forget your goodness."</p>
+
+<p>I heard a low chuckling sound behind me. It was Barclay swallowing a
+laugh.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>They went away in the course of a few days and we corresponded for a
+long time; but Mrs. Barclay never fulfilled her promise to cultivate
+the muse; nor in her several letters did she refer to her poetical
+gift. Perhaps her husband told her of the pious fraud we practised
+upon her on Christmas Day, 1860. But whether <span class="pagenum">p.282</span> he did so or not,
+I have taken the liberty, fifty-three years after the event, of
+exposing the part I took in the deception and craving forgiveness for
+my manifold sins and wickednesses on that occasion.</p>
+
+<p>What became of the Russian princess with the pretty manners, the
+white hands and the enchanting eyes and the sweet "child" Bertie?
+They were back at Grass Valley almost as soon as Forbes and Barclay
+got there, and from my correspondence I learned that they shared in
+the prosperity of the Maloney claim, and that Mme. Fabre and her son
+returned to Russia to live among her noble kin.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.283</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov40">CHAPTER XL.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">EVOLUTION OF THE SONGHEES.</p>
+
+<p>I often pass through the Songhees Reserve, and the recent controversy
+respecting the reserve, and the dilapidated state of the former homes
+of the Indians, induce me to recall the reserve as I knew it first,
+when it was swarming with "flatheads," men, women and children. The
+term "flathead" was applied to the Songhees on account of the shape
+of his head, which was pressed flat with a piece of board strapped to
+his forehead while he was in a state of infancy.</p>
+
+<p>In this state of bondage, if I may so term it, the "tenass man"
+(infant) passed his infancy. He was fed, took his sleep, and carried
+on his mother&rsquo;s back by a strap passing around his mother&rsquo;s forehead;
+thus he got his fresh air and exercise.</p>
+
+<p>The mother, in fact all the females, chewed gum. I have always
+credited our American cousins with having originated this beastly
+practice, but now I suppose the credit for the discovery belongs to
+the Songhees, who must have taught our friends, and then gave it up
+themselves. Groups of men may have been seen carving miniature canoes
+with carved Indians paddling in them, also totem poles and bows and
+arrows, while three or four Indians would be at work shaping a
+full-grown canoe which might possibly hold half a dozen Indians. It
+was very interesting watching them at work and many an hour I have
+spent watching them when a boy. <span class="pagenum">p.284</span> The women, while their "papooses"
+were playing about, worked also. Many made fancy articles out of
+tanned deer hide, embroidered with pearl buttons and beads, moccasins
+mostly, and for which there was a good sale. They were worn for
+slippers. I have bought many pairs at fifty cents a pair. The
+blankets they wore were decorated with rows of pearl beads down the
+front, red blankets being the favorite color, as they showed off the
+pearl beads to advantage.</p>
+
+<p>All these articles, as well as many others, such as game, fish and
+potatoes and fruits, wild, were brought to our doors, and at prices
+much below what such things could be bought now&mdash;grouse, 35c. to 50c.
+a pair; wild ducks, the same; venison, from 5c. to 8c. a pound by the
+quarter; potatoes, about 1&frac14;c. pound; salmon, 10c. each; wild
+strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and bilberries, at about 5c.
+pound. Even "gumstick" for lighting fires was brought to the door at
+10c. a bundle. Their cries as they passed the doors might be heard at
+all hours. "Ah! Culla Culla" (grouse and ducks), "Mowich" (venison),
+"Oolally" (berries), "Sooke Oysters," "Salmon" and "Cowichan
+potatoes." These oysters were small but very nice, and for
+twenty-five cents you would get a bucketful; also the same quantity
+of clams. "Ick quarter" or "King George" quarter (twenty-five cents),
+bought almost anything.</p>
+
+<p>All these cheap foods were a godsend to early residents, and at the
+same time were fresh and wholesome. The men and the young women went
+out washing by the day, from seven to six o&rsquo;clock, at fifty cents.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img50">
+<img width="389" height="288" src="images/vi50.jpg" alt="[Portrait: Songhees Reserve.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The one drawback to them was their dishonesty. Small articles of
+clothing, towels and handkerchiefs were easily hidden under their
+clothing, so that a close watch had to be kept, and if suspected,
+they were <span class="pagenum">p.285</span> searched. The chief of the Songhees tribe was
+"King Freezey." He might have been seen parading about town in a
+cast-off naval officer&rsquo;s uniform with cap to match, and he was very
+proud, as befitted such an august personage. When asked his name,
+("ict micaa name") he would reply "Nica name, King Freezey, nica hyas
+tyee." ("My name is King Freezey; I am a great man.") This king of
+Songhees, after imbibing too freely of the ardent, was drowned by the
+capsizing of a canoe in the harbor, and so ended the life of a
+well-known personage.</p>
+
+<p>That he left descendants is evident, as I see their names amongst
+those who got $10,000 each from the sale of the reserve. Compare
+these descendants with their grandparents. The former&rsquo;s native
+ignorance and simplicity, when their wants were simple and few, with
+their grandchildren of to-day, who must have everything their brother
+whites have, to modern houses and furniture, buggies, sewing
+machines, musical instruments, etc., and not forgetting a bank
+account, and last, but not least, post office boxes, and one may well
+wonder at the "evolution of the Songhees." More might be said, but
+for the present this must suffice.</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Indian Burying Grounds.</h4>
+
+<p>Islands were favorite burying grounds among the Indians, probably
+from the protection the surrounding water furnished against the
+incursions of animals, and coffin islands may be found at different
+points around the coast. In Victoria harbor and the Arm both Coffin
+Island and Deadman&rsquo;s Island were used for this purpose within the
+memory of such old-time residents as Mr. R. T. Williams and Mr. Edgar
+Fawcett. Mr. Williams, <span class="pagenum">p.286</span> whose memory goes back to the fifties,
+when he went to school from a shack on Yates Street opposite the site
+of the present King Edward Hotel, believes Colville Island may also
+have been used for this purpose as well, but distinctly remembers the
+trees and scrub on Deadman&rsquo;s Island and the fire on it described in
+the following account, which is kindly furnished by Mr. Fawcett. Mr.
+Fawcett writes:</p>
+
+<p>"Like the Egyptians of old, the Indians of this country had
+professional mourners, that is, they acted as they did in Bible days.
+The mourners, usually friends or members of the same tribe, assembled
+as soon as the death was announced, and either inside or outside the
+house they (mostly women, and old women at that) kept up a monotonous
+howl for hours, others taking their places when they got tired. In
+the early sixties an execution of four young Indians took place on
+Bastion Square for a murder committed on the West Coast. All day and
+night before the execution took place the women of the tribe squatted
+on the ground in front of the jail, keeping up the monotonous howl or
+chant, even up to the time the hangman completed his task. After
+hanging the prescribed time, the murderers were cut down and handed
+to their friends, who took them away in their canoes for burial. In
+the earliest days, I don&rsquo;t think they used the regular coffin; the
+common practice was to use boxes, and especially trunks. Of course
+for a man or woman a trunk would be a problem to an undertaker, but
+the Indian solved the problem easily, as they doubled the body up and
+made it fit the trunk. For larger bodies a box was made of plank, but
+I do not remember seeing one made the regulation length of six feet,
+even for an adult, as they always doubled the knees under. A popular <span class="pagenum">p.287</span>
+coffin for small people was one of Sam Nesbitt&rsquo;s cracker boxes. He
+was a well-known manufacturer of soda crackers and pilot bread, whose
+place of business will be remembered by many old-timers at the corner
+of Yates and Broad Streets.</p>
+
+<p>"The Indians rarely dug graves for their dead, but hoisted them up in
+trees, tying them to the branches, or merely laid them on the ground,
+and piled them up on top of one another. In time they fell into the
+customs of their white brothers, and got coffins made by the
+undertaker, and many a time I have seen Indians carrying coffins
+along Government Street, down to the foot of Johnson, for their
+reserve."&mdash;E. F.</p>
+
+<p>In 1861 Mr. Fawcett with four companions, all school-boys at the
+time, were bathing on Deadman&rsquo;s Island, and had lit a fire to warm
+themselves. Broken coffins were lying about, and piles of box coffins
+and trunks; these were set fire to, and the boys promptly made off to
+escape the wrath of the Indians, who, in those days, were numbered by
+hundreds. They made good their escape, and the whole island was swept
+by the flames&mdash;trees, scrub and coffins being burnt up. Since that
+time the island has remained in its present condition.</p>
+
+<p>The Indians on the Songhees Reserve, also, Mr. Fawcett says, buried
+at two points on the reserve, but when the smallpox worked such havoc
+among them, the authorities insisted on the bodies being buried in
+soil, and when the removal of the Indians was accomplished a special
+amount was allotted to provide for the removal of the bodies
+elsewhere.&mdash;<em class="sc">Editor.</em></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.288</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="rov41">CHAPTER XLI.</h3>
+
+<p class="chapname">VICTORIA THE NEW AND THE OLD.</p>
+
+<p>I have been asked to tell of some of the changes that have taken
+place since Victoria, the fairest city of the West, commenced her
+career, viz., in 1858. I have produced several photos that explain a
+good deal without my help, but they may require explanation. As my
+endeavor shall be to give our visiting friends of the Methodist
+Church an insight into some of the changes in fifty years, I shall in
+the small space of time allowed me confine myself to events connected
+with the early history of the Methodist Church in Victoria, as I know
+them. Although not a member of their body I have claimed many of the
+founders of the church as my most intimate friends. There were Thomas
+Trounce and Mrs. Trounce, Edwin Donald and Mrs. Donald, Sheriff
+McMillan and Mrs. McMillan, Jonathan Bullen and Mrs. Bullen and
+Father McKay (as he was called by his friends in the church), and
+Mrs. J. W. Williams and Mrs. Lawrance Goodacre.</p>
+
+<p>Of the pioneer clergy I well remember Dr. Robson, Dr. Ephraim Evans,
+Rev. Mr. Pollard and Rev. Mr. Derrick. Of these I best remember Dr.
+Evans, as having been here so many years with his wife, daughter and
+son. It will be remembered by old timers the sad story of his son&rsquo;s
+death by drowning which I will in a few words relate. He was very
+fond of gunning, and one afternoon <span class="pagenum">p.289</span> in December he went off with
+his gun to shoot duck from the beach off Beacon Hill, which was the
+common practice in those days. Having shot one or two and not being
+able to get them any other way, he stripped off his clothes and swam
+out after them. This was a very bold thing to do, as the water is so
+cold there, and especially in December. It is supposed he got the
+cramps or got caught in the seaweeds where the ducks were shot from,
+and so was drowned. Not coming home at his usual time, search was
+made, and having been seen going to Beacon Hill, it was there the
+searchers found his clothes and gun on the beach that evening. The
+poor father seemed heart-broken, for he would not leave the spot, but
+walked up and down all night calling "Edwin! Edwin, my son!" In the
+morning they recovered the body under the seaweed. Great sympathy was
+felt for the parents, and I well remember the funeral on a snowy day,
+and the unusual number of friends who attended the funeral in the
+old Quadra Street Cemetery. The granite monument is still to be
+seen there.</p>
+
+<div class="imgcenter" id="img51">
+<img width="520" height="265" src="images/vi51.jpg" alt="[Illustration: Bastion at S.W. corner of Fort.]" />
+</div>
+
+<p>In the view of Government Street in the early sixties here produced,
+may be seen marked with a X Theatre Royal. In this building, which
+then was used for theatrical productions, concerts and lectures, I
+heard the Rev. Morley Punshon, then president of the Wesleyan
+Conference, I think. He lectured on Macaulay, and was reciting from
+"Lays of Ancient Rome" when the fire bells rang, and in less than
+five minutes there were only a score or so left of his audience. He
+stopped an instant, proceeded, but finally stopped for good, saying
+that it was the first time he had ever had to stop one of his
+lectures for a fire. But when he was told that it <span class="pagenum">p.290</span> might have
+been the home of any one of his audience and that it was the custom
+for citizens generally to assist the firemen (who themselves were
+volunteers), he continued his lecture to the end, and very
+interesting it was.</p>
+
+<p>The first Methodist services were held in Judge Pemberton&rsquo;s police
+court room on Bastion Square until the church on lower Pandora Street
+was finished. This church was built on the corner of Broad and
+Pandora on land given by Governor Douglas, and was considered just
+outside the city (1859), the tall pine trees being much in evidence a
+couple of blocks away. In order to get to the church you had to pass
+over a gully with water at the bottom; a sort of trestle sidewalk on
+stilts was afterward constructed until the gully was filled in. At
+this date the Methodists had the most pretentious church in the city.
+The basement was used for Sunday School, prayer meetings and
+lectures. I must not forget the tea meetings which were given in
+those days. They were presided over by prominent ladies of the
+congregation&mdash;Mrs. Trounce, Mrs. Donald, Mrs. Bullen, Mrs. McMillan,
+Mrs. Spencer and Mrs. N. Shakespeare&mdash;and the admission to these "tea
+fights," as they were termed generally, was $1.50, and well
+patronized they were at that price. I attended many, and I think I
+can see now the tables spread with good things, and those sitting at
+them, nearly all of whom have passed away. We were early birds in
+those days. Entertainments commenced at six o&rsquo;clock and all over at
+ten. By the large view of Government Street in 1858 it will be seen
+how it has progressed. It was not metalled until 1859, and nearly all
+the buildings were frame. The first brick is <span class="pagenum">p.291</span> now to be seen on
+the corner of <a id="emen7">Courtney Street</a>, the "Windsor Hotel." Where the
+Empress Hotel now stands, and all the land to the south and east, was
+the upper part of James Bay, and mudflats, and at times not very
+savory. It was not until late in 1858, or 1859, that a bridge
+connected the north and south sides of James Bay, people having to
+walk around the bay eastwards. The population of James Bay District
+was very sparse. Trails instead of streets ran in all directions.
+Belleville Street, that is now so thronged with passengers to and
+from the C.P.R. steamers every day, was not then in existence, for
+the beach reached to the trees in the front of the Parliament
+Buildings. Where the new Pemberton block now stands, down to the
+corner of Government Street, was an orchard and vegetable garden.
+Across the street where the Five Sisters Block stands was a vacant
+lot with a log hut in the rear where the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company baked
+bread for the citizens, four-pound loaves being twenty-five cents,
+and very good it was. From Mr. Harry Glide, who arrived in Victoria
+in 1856, and has lived near the Outer Wharf for fifty-four years, I
+have learned much of the condition of things previous to the inrush
+from California in 1858&ndash;1859. He says all James Bay District was
+covered with fir trees and all the land from the mouth of the harbor
+along Dallas Road to Beacon Hill was "Beckly Farm." He says there
+were quite a number of Cherokee Indians here, who came from their
+native place to the coast of British Columbia for work; most of them
+were over six feet and strongly built. It seems strange that they
+should have travelled so far from their homes for work. There were
+also many <span class="pagenum">p.292</span> Kanakas here who came on vessels from Honolulu at
+odd times. They formed a small colony and located on Humboldt Street,
+then called Kanaka Row. I can remember them in 1859, one family
+attending Christ Church regularly. There are many buried in Old
+Quadra Street Cemetery. The first sheets of the <i>Colonist</i> were
+printed on the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Company&rsquo;s wharf in a large shed or
+warehouse, and later on the paper moved to Wharf Street to about
+where the Macdonald Block now stands. This was fifty-two years ago,
+and our visiting friends can draw a comparison with what it then was,
+a small double sheet, to its Sunday issue of to-day, with its many
+illustrations. For the information of our visiting friends I might
+say that the Hudson&rsquo;s Bay Fort shown in the view of "Government
+Street in 1858," enclosed the two blocks running south from the
+corner of Bastion (the brass plate on the corner will show this) to
+the corner of <a id="emen8">Courtney</a> and westwards to Wharf Street. In this fort
+all hands took shelter at night at the date of its erection. In 1858
+and for years later, the fort bell rang at six o&rsquo;clock in the
+morning, when the gates at the east and west ends were opened, and at
+six o&rsquo;clock in the evening they were closed. There were two large
+general stores, and many storehouses and barns inside, and at the
+stores you could buy anything from a needle to an anchor, from a
+gallon of molasses to the silk for a dress. I might say a deal more,
+but it might not interest those for whom this sketch is written. As
+it is, there are many repetitions of what I have already written in
+the <i>Colonist</i> and <i>Times</i> during the last six years.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.293</p>
+
+<h4 class="sc">The Metropolitan Methodist Church.</h4>
+
+<p>To-day, February 13th, the Metropolitan Methodist Church celebrates
+the fifty-third anniversary of its foundation as a congregation. It
+was exactly fifty-three years ago yesterday that the first Methodist
+missionaries, sent out by the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Canada,
+then part of the English Wesleyan conference, landed in Victoria.
+They were Rev. Dr. Ephraim Evans, his wife and family; Rev. Arthur
+Browning, Rev. Ebenezer Robson and Rev. Edward White, who also
+brought his family, one of his little sons being Rev. Dr. White,
+to-day Superintendent of Methodist Missions in this province. Rev.
+Dr. Robson was married shortly after his arrival. Of the gallant
+little party who faced the hardships of the then comparatively little
+known West with such tranquility and courage, all have now passed to
+their rest, Dr. Robson, the last survivor, dying less than a year ago
+in Vancouver.</p>
+
+<p>The missionaries were received by Mr. John T. Pidwell, father-in-law
+of Mr. D. W. Higgins, and entertained in his home until they could
+secure permanent quarters. The following Sunday, February 13, service
+was held for the first time in the courthouse, and Rev. Dr. Robson
+subsequently went on to Nanaimo, where he found Cornelius Bryant, a
+young schoolmaster, who enjoyed the distinction of being the first
+member of the Methodist Church to set foot in British Columbia. He
+afterwards entered the Methodist ministry and died a few years ago.
+Rev. Edward White was quartered in New Westminster, where he
+established Methodism, and Rev. Mr. Browning, after acting as
+evangelist at different coast points, became the pioneer Methodist
+missionary in the Cariboo country.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum">p.294</p>
+
+<div class="imgright" id="img52">
+<img width="233" height="421" src="images/vi52.jpg" alt="[Illustration: First Methodist Church.]" />
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="sc">Laying Corner-Stone.</h4>
+
+<p>During the following August the corner-stone of the first Methodist
+church in Victoria was laid. The building was situated at the corner
+of Broad and Pandora Streets, and was afterwards known as the Pandora
+Street Methodist Church. The stone was laid by Governor Douglas, and
+the building was dedicated the following May. Its usefulness was
+considerably lessened, however, by the building of the Metropolitan
+Methodist Church in 1890, which claims the honor of being the mother
+church of Methodism in the province, as, though the Pandora Street
+edifice was built first, it was not used for church purposes alone.
+The first pastor of the Metropolitan Church congregation was Dr.
+Evans, who was assisted by Rev. Dr. Robson, Rev. Arthur Browning and
+Rev. D. V. Lucas and Rev. Coverdale Watson (whose widow is now living
+in Vancouver), who acted as pastor for two separate terms.</p>
+
+<p>Of the pioneers of Methodism, the following families were prominent
+and whom I counted among my friends: The Trounces and Donalds we had
+known in California; Sheriff McMillan and family, Captain McCulloch,
+Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Bone, Mr. and Mrs. Humber, Mr. and Mrs. Norris,
+Alderman Kinsman, and Father McKay, as he was affectionately termed
+by his intimate friends. All these have gone to their rest. Of those
+who are still with us, hale and hearty, are Mrs. Bullen, Mrs. Capt.
+McCulloch, Mr. and Mrs. David Spencer, Mr. and Mrs. N. Shakespeare,
+Mrs. Carne, Mrs. Branch, Mr. and Mrs. Pendray, Mrs. John Kinsman,
+Isaac Walsh, and others I cannot remember. I have attended many tea
+meetings held in the basement of the old church, presided over by
+these pioneer ladies.</p>
+
+<div id="tnote">
+<h4>Transcriber&rsquo;s notes.</h4>
+<p>For this digital transcription, illustrations have been repositioned
+and page numbers in the table of illustrations have been omitted.</p>
+
+<p>Minor punctuation errors have been emended without notice.</p>
+
+<h4>Corrections to original printed text:</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<th>Page</th>
+<th>Original</th>
+<th>Correction</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="numb"><a href="#emen1">7</a></td>
+<td>Recolections</td>
+<td>Recollections</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="numb"><a href="#emen2">39</a></td>
+<td>Johnston Street</td>
+<td>Johnson Street</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="numb"><a href="#emen3">79</a></td>
+<td>1558.</td>
+<td>1858.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="numb"><a href="#emen4">108</a></td>
+<td>Pfizenmeyer</td>
+<td>Pfitzenmayer</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="numb"><a href="#emen5">180</a></td>
+<td>abroad</td>
+<td>aboard</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="numb"><a href="#emen6">256</a></td>
+<td>peacable</td>
+<td>peaceable</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="numb"><a href="#emen7">291</a></td>
+<td>Courtenay Street</td>
+<td>Courtney Street</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="numb"><a href="#emen8">292</a></td>
+<td>Courtenay</td>
+<td>Courtney</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Some Reminiscences of old Victoria, by 
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+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Some Reminiscences of old Victoria, by Edgar Fawcett
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Some Reminiscences of old Victoria
+
+Author: Edgar Fawcett
+
+Release Date: July 13, 2008 [EBook #26048]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOME REMINISCENCES OF OLD VICTORIA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Andrew Sly, Julia Miller and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: FORT VICTORIA, 1859.]
+
+
+SOME REMINISCENCES
+
+OF
+
+OLD VICTORIA
+
+BY
+
+EDGAR FAWCETT
+
+
+  Toronto
+  William Briggs
+  1912
+
+
+  Copyright, Canada, 1912, by
+  EDGAR FAWCETT.
+
+
+
+TO
+
+Sir Richard McBride. K.C.M.G.
+
+  PREMIER, NATIVE SON AND PIONEER
+  THIS BOOK IS INSCRIBED BY
+  HIS HUMBLE SERVANT
+  THE AUTHOR.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+To My Readers:--
+
+A preface is, as I understand it, an explanation, and maybe an
+apology, for what follows. If such is the case, I must explain
+several things contained in these "Reminiscences of Old Victoria" and
+its pioneers. Had I not been laid aside with the typhoid some eight
+years ago, it is likely I should not have thought of writing down
+these early memories, but many know what convalescing after a
+sickness is--how one longs for something new, something to do. I was
+at this time at the seaside, and all at once decided to pass my time
+in writing. Seated comfortably on the beach with my writing pad, I
+commenced "A British Boy's Experiences in San Francisco in the Early
+Fifties," and so have continued on from time to time during the last
+eight years.
+
+I have been much encouraged, by pioneers and friends, to gather the
+result of these pleasant labors together, and I feel I have succeeded
+in a very imperfect manner; but, dear reader, consider how little I
+should be expected to know of book-making; therefore take faults and
+omissions in the product of my labors _cum bona venia_, for
+there are sure to be many imperfections. There are repetitions of
+which I am aware, and have decided to let them stand, as I think they
+fit in in each case. Had I been a man of more leisure I should not
+have had to apologize for so many of these imperfections.
+
+I have to thank Mrs. Macdonald, of Armadale, the venerable Bishop
+Cridge, and Alexander Wilson, for valuable information, and also Mr.
+Albert Maynard and Reverend A. E. Alston for many photographs to
+illustrate the book. We all know that a book in these days is nothing
+without pictures. There are others who have helped me in other ways
+who will accept my thanks.
+
+With these explanatory remarks, and in fear and trembling, I submit
+the book to your favorable consideration.
+
+  Dingley Dell,
+      Christmas, 1911.
+
+
+
+
+A SHORT AUTOBIOGRAPHY
+
+
+All the Fawcetts I ever heard of from my father and mother came from
+Kidderminster. My father's father was a maltster, and the sons, with
+the exception of my father, the youngest, were carpet weavers. The
+family were strict Nonconformists, and produced one or two noted
+divines of George the Third's day, one of whom preached before that
+king. There was also a kinship with the Baxters of "Saint's Rest"
+fame.
+
+My mother was Jane Wignall, whose father was a Birmingham smallarms
+manufacturer in rather a large way of business, but who through the
+dishonesty of his partner was nearly ruined and brought to
+comparative poverty. The daughters, who were all well educated, had
+to take positions as governesses and ladies' companions. My mother,
+in this capacity, lived and travelled in France and Spain, and spoke
+the languages of both countries. In a voyage to her home from
+Barcelona she was wrecked in the Gulf of Lyons, but through the
+timely assistance of a Spanish gentleman and his Newfoundland dog,
+who bore her up, she was brought to shore in little more than her
+nightdress. I have to-day a letter from the British consul at
+Marseilles which he gave to my mother, recommending her to the care
+of other British consuls on her way to England. The Spanish gentleman
+who saved her life made an offer of marriage, which my mother
+declined, I think, on account of his being a Roman Catholic. He would
+not take no for an answer, but later on followed her to England and
+offered himself a second time without effect. Shortly after this she
+and my father were married, and on the advice of Rowland Hill, his
+cousin (Sir Rowland Hill), he took his young bride to Australia.
+Rowland Hill, being his father's trustee under his will, paid my
+father his share, with which he took a stock of goods and started
+business in Sydney.
+
+In 1849 we left Sydney, where I was born, for San Francisco--father,
+mother, my brother Rowland and myself, in the ship _Victoria_.
+This vessel my father afterwards purchased and sent to Alberni, or
+Sooke, for a load of lumber for England, when we all were going with
+her. The vessel never came back, having been wrecked somewhere near
+where all the wrecks have since taken place, on the west coast of
+this island. My father was ruined, for there was no insurance, so he
+had to start life anew. He came north to Victoria in 1858, where he
+entered into business until appointed Government Agent at Nanaimo,
+where he served some years, dying at the advanced age of seventy-six.
+My mother died in 1863, and at the present writing, in addition to
+myself, there is one brother in Victoria--Rowland--and another
+brother, Arthur, in London, England.
+
+The author has completed his fifty-three years in this fair city.
+
+  Dingley Dell,
+     December 20th, 1911.
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+CHAPTER.                  PAGE
+
+       I. The Experiences of a British Boy in San Francisco
+            in the Early Fifties                                             11
+      II. Theatrical Memories                                                20
+     III. My Boyhood Days in Victoria                                        26
+      IV. Victoria's First Directory                                         38
+       V. Some Recollections of Victoria by One who Was There in the Sixties 57
+      VI. A Little More Street History                                       68
+     VII. The Victoria _Gazette_, 1858                                       73
+    VIII. Victoria in 1859-1860                                              84
+      IX. Fires and Firemen                                                  92
+       X. A Siberian Mammoth                                                100
+      XI. Mrs. Edwin Donald, Hon. Wymond Hamley, Hon. G. A. Walkem          109
+     XII. The Consecration of the Iron Church                               115
+    XIII. The Iron Church Again                                             121
+     XIV. Its Departed Glories, or Esquimalt, Then and Now                  124
+      XV. Old Quadra Street Cemetery                                        129
+     XVI. Pioneer Society's Banquet                                         144
+    XVII. Victoria District Church                                          149
+   XVIII. Christmas In Pioneer Days                                         153
+     XIX. The Queen's Birthday Forty Years Ago                              159
+      XX. Evolution of the Victoria Post Office                             166
+     XXI. Fifty Years Ago                                                   170
+    XXII. Forty Years Ago                                                   174
+   XXIII. The Late Governor Johnson                                         178
+    XXIV. A Trip to a Coral Island                                          181
+     XXV. A Victorian's Visit to Southern California                        183
+    XXVI. An Historic Steamer                                               199
+   XXVII. Colonel Wolfenden--In Memoriam                                    203
+  XXVIII. The Closing of View Street in 1858                                206
+    XXIX. Mr. Fawcett Retires from the Customs                              212
+     XXX. Some Colored Pioneers                                             215
+    XXXI. John Chapman Davie, M.D.                                          220
+   XXXII. The Beginning of the Royal Hospital and Protestant Orphan's Home  226
+  XXXIII. Victoria's First Y. M. C. A.                                      229
+   XXXIV. The Late Mr. T. Geiger                                            234
+    XXXV. Roster of the Fifty-Eighters                                      237
+   XXXVI. More Light on Closing of View Street                              240
+  XXXVII. Bishop Cridge's Christmas Story                                   244
+ XXXVIII. Christmas Reminiscences                                           258
+   XXXIX. My First Christmas Dinner in Victoria, 1860                       263
+      XL. Evolution of the Songhees                                         283
+     XLI. Victoria the New and the Old                                      288
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+  Fort Victoria, 1859, Showing Fort St. Gate
+  Government Street, Looking North
+  Government Street in 1860
+  S. E. corner Government and Yates Streets, 1858
+  Lady Douglas
+  Sir James Douglas
+  Edgar Fawcett
+  Hon. Wymond Hamley
+  George Richardson
+  George Hills, D.D.
+  Henry Wootton
+  Capt. John Irving, Sr.
+  Quadra Street Cemetery
+  A Group of Early Legislators
+  Fort Street, Looking East
+  Yates Street, Looking East
+  Fort Street, Extending Through the Fort
+  Old View of Government Street
+  Government Street Before the Removal of the "Old Bastion"
+  Wharf Street, From Corner Fort Street Northward
+  Craigflower, Showing School, 1858
+  First Bridge Over James Bay, 1859
+  Government Buildings, 1859-60
+  May Day Parade, Hook and Ladder Company, May 1st, 1862
+  Hon. Sir Richard McBride, K.C.M.G.
+  Old View of Douglas Street, Iron Church in the Distance
+  Showing Inside of Fort from Wharf Street, 1859
+  Hon. Amor De Cosmos
+  William P. Sayward
+  Thomas Harris
+  Bishop Garrett
+  First Methodist Church
+  First Bridge Over the Gorge, Victoria Arm
+  Forty Years Ago, Queen's Birthday, Beacon Hill
+  Colonial Hotel
+  H. B. Co.'s Steamer _Beaver_
+  Part of View Street, 1859
+  Victoria District Church, 1859
+  Hon. Senator Macdonald
+  Lt.-Col. Wolfenden, I.S.O., V.D.
+  Wm. Leigh
+  John Chapman Davie, M.D.
+  Edgar Fawcett
+  Captain "Willie" Mitchell
+  Hon. Dr. Helmcken
+  Gov. John H. Johnson, of Minnesota
+  Samuel Booth
+  Rev. Edward Cridge, 1859
+  Venerable Bishop Cridge
+  Bishop and Mrs. Cridge at their Golden Jubilee
+  A Park in San Bernardino
+  Songhees Indian Reserve
+  Bastion--S. W. Corner of Fort
+
+
+
+
+
+SOME REMINISCENCES OF OLD VICTORIA
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+THE EXPERIENCES OF A BRITISH BOY IN SAN FRANCISCO IN THE EARLY FIFTIES.
+
+
+I shall commence by saying that I, with my father, mother, brother
+and sister, arrived in San Francisco in 1850, in the ship
+_Victoria_, from Australia, where I was born. From stress of
+weather we put into Honolulu to refit, and spent, I think, three
+weeks there, and as my mother was not in good health the change and
+rest on shore did her a deal of good. During our stay we became
+acquainted with a wealthy American sugar planter, who was married to
+a pretty native lady. They had no family, and she fell in love with
+your humble servant, who was of the mature age of two and a half
+years. My mother, of course, told me of this years later, how that
+after consulting with her husband, the planter, she seriously
+proposed to my mother that she give me to her for adoption as her
+son; that I should be well provided for in the case of her husband's
+death, and in fact she made the most liberal offers if she might have
+me for her own. It might have been a very important epoch in my life,
+for if my mother had accepted, who knows but what I might have been
+"King of the Hawaiian Islands," as the planter's wife was "well
+connected." But, to proceed, my mother did not accept this
+flattering offer, as naturally she would not, and so we continued
+on our way to San Francisco with many remembrances of my admirer's
+kindness. But this is not telling of my experiences in San Francisco
+eight years after.
+
+My first recollections are complimentary to the citizens of San
+Francisco--that is, for their universal courtesy to women and
+children; but this is a characteristic of the people, and I will
+illustrate it in a small way. It was the custom in those days for
+ladies to go shopping prepared to carry all they bought home with
+them, and I used to accompany my mother on her shopping expeditions.
+The streets and crossings were in a dreadfully muddy condition, and
+women and children were carried over the crossings, and never was
+there wanting a gallant gentleman ready to fulfil this duty, for a
+duty it was considered then by all men to be attentive to women.
+
+What induced me to write these maybe uninteresting incidents, was the
+last very interesting sketch of early life in San Francisco by my
+friend, Mr. D. W. Higgins, giving an account of the doings of the
+"Vigilance Committee," and the shooting of "James King of William,"
+as I remembered him named, and the subsequent execution of Casey for
+that cold-blooded deed. Cold-blooded it was, for I was an
+eye-witness, strange to say, of the affair, as I will now relate.
+
+I might premise by saying that my father was an enthusiastic
+Britisher. But he was a firm believer in the American axiom,
+though--"My country, may she ever be right; my country right or
+wrong," and I, his son, echo the same sentiments. It is this
+sentiment that makes me have no love for a pro-Boer. It was this
+pride of country that caused him to go to the expense of
+subscribing for the _Illustrated London News_ at fifty or
+seventy-five cents a number, weekly, and I was on my way to Payot's
+bookstore to get the last number, with the latest account of the
+Crimean War, then waging between England and France against Russia. I
+was within a stone's throw of Washington and Montgomery Streets, I
+think, when I was startled by the sharp report of a pistol, and
+looking around I saw at once where it proceeded from, for there were
+about half a dozen people surrounding a man who had been shot. I, of
+course, made for that point, being ever ready for adventure. The
+victim of the shooting was James King of William, editor of the
+_Evening Bulletin_ newspaper, and the assassin was a notorious
+politician named James Casey, proprietor of the _Sunday Times_,
+but a very illiterate man for all that.
+
+The cause of the shooting was that James King of William had in his
+paper stated that Casey had served a term in Sing Sing prison in New
+York for burglary. This was true, and was afterwards admitted by
+Casey, but that it should have been made known by an opponent's
+newspaper was too much for him, and he swore that King's days were
+numbered. He kept his word, as the event showed.
+
+The victim of the shooting was able to stagger forward towards the
+Pacific Express building on the corner of Washington and Montgomery
+Streets, and entered the office, only to drop to the floor. Several
+doctors were soon in attendance, and his wound bandaged, and he was
+eventually moved to Montgomery Block, where he remained until he
+died, six days later. It was contended by Doctor Toland that King's
+death was caused by the leaving in the wound of the sponge that was
+inserted immediately after the shooting to stop hemorrhage. There
+were about twenty doctors in all who attended King, so is it any
+wonder he died?
+
+The assassin was taken in charge by his friends, some of whom were at
+the time close at hand, and he was taken to the station, which was a
+block away, and locked up. This was the safest thing for Casey, as
+his friends were in office, and he expected to get off, even if tried
+for the offence, as many a like rogue had done.
+
+It was not long after the shooting ere the bell of the Monumental
+Engine House rang out an alarm. Ten thousand people assembled, as
+louder pealed the bell. The crowd now surged in the direction of the
+jail, calling out, "Lynch him! lynch him!" All this time I was swept
+along in the living stream of people, and well it was for me that I
+was able to keep upright, for had I fallen it is doubtful if I should
+have been able to rise again. The jail was doubly guarded to prevent
+the citizens from getting possession of Casey, who would have been
+summarily dealt with. I was now able to get out of the crowd and go
+home to tell of my wonderful adventure.
+
+I was always in trouble through my continual search for adventure. A
+gentleman friend of ours, bookkeeper, in the San Francisco sugar
+refinery, was one of the Vigilance Committee, which was composed of
+all grades of society, from merchants to workingmen. There were five
+thousand of them enrolled to work a reformation in city government,
+which was then in the hands of gamblers, thieves and escaped
+convicts. At home I heard the trial and execution of Casey discussed,
+and decided at all hazards to go to the important event, but I knew
+it would have to be done on the sly, as my mother would never have
+consented. "I let the cat out of the bag" somehow, as my mother
+gave me a solemn warning that if I went I should get the worst
+whipping I ever had in my life.
+
+I brooded on this for some days, and finally decided to go and take
+my chances of being found out. So on the day I of course played
+hookey, and got to the place early. I climbed up an awning post
+nearly opposite the gallows, and sat on the top with some other
+adventurous spirits, who, like myself, were hungry for adventure. I
+shall not describe what I saw, for my friend, Mr. Higgins, has
+already done that. When I got home I paid dearly for my disobedience.
+My elder brother happened to have been opposite me, on the other side
+of the street. I got my promised whipping, well laid on, and was sent
+supperless to bed, feeling very sore. But I was not fated to go
+without supper, for, as I lay unrepentant, Amy, my little sister,
+crept into the room and brought me part of hers, and, what I more
+appreciated then, her sympathy and tears. God bless her! She was
+taken from us soon after to a better life.
+
+One afternoon later (I won't be sure of dates), as father and I were
+going home, we were arrested by the sweet strains of music, which
+proceeded from a band a block away. Father hesitated for an instant,
+then started off at a run, calling to me to come on. We were soon
+there, and to explain father's strange action in running after a band
+of music, I have only to say that the tune was one dear to the hearts
+of all Britons, "God Save the Queen," so, could you wonder at his
+excitement, as we stood in front of the British Consulate? The reason
+of it all was the news received that day of the fall of Sebastopol.
+After a few words from the consul we all moved off to the French
+Consulate, and here all was repeated, but to the strains of the
+Marseillaise hymn. Of course this good news was fully discussed
+at home, and some days after it was decided to have the event
+celebrated by the British and French residents by a procession and
+banquet in a pavilion, with an ox and several sheep roasted whole.
+The day arrived, and I, of course, had to go with father in the
+procession, carrying a British flag. In the midst of the festivities
+a lot of roughs broke into the pavilion, tore down the British and
+French flags, and then worked havoc with the pavilion itself. It
+was a most disgraceful affair, and would not have occurred, I am
+confident, in any British possession; but then ours may not be such
+a free country. Father was most indignant, and wrote to Marryat's
+newspaper calling on the British Consul to take official notice of
+the affair, but I don't remember the result. Marryat was, I believe,
+an Englishman.
+
+The next little incident I shall name the "Battle of the Standard,"
+because it was all about a little flag. It was the celebration of the
+laying of the Atlantic cable, and all the public school children took
+part in a monster parade. Each child carried a small flag, such as we
+have for the Queen's birthday celebration in Canada.
+
+As may be supposed American flags swamped the British in numbers,
+still there was a good sprinkling of the latter. I happened to be one
+British boy among many American boys, and they bantered me
+considerably about my flag being "alone," and at last exasperated me,
+and on my flag being snatched away by a boy I snatched it back again,
+and in the scuffle it was torn from the stick and I cried with
+vexation. One of the teachers, however, supplied me with another,
+which you may suppose I took good care of. Will the Americans never
+get over their silly jealousy with respect to the flying of foreign
+flags in their country? We Canadians are always pleased to see
+the Star Spangled Banner waving alongside the Union Jack, and hope it
+may long wave.
+
+The Mexican coin valued at two reals, or two bits, as we called it
+then, represented the value of two small apples in those days, and
+everything was dear in proportion. These coins were more in
+circulation than American, I think, the place being full of Mexicans.
+They were very picturesque, riding about dressed in buckskin trousers
+with fringe down the leg, wearing wide-brimmed felt hats and on their
+heels immense spurs, which made a great noise as they walked. They
+were a great attraction to me as they galloped like mad after cattle,
+throwing with great skill a rawhide lariat or lasso, which rarely
+missed its victim. My thirst for adventures led me with several other
+kindred spirits to play hookey from school, and go into the country
+to see these Mexicans drive wild cattle about, and then to the
+slaughterhouse to see them killed. When I was found out I was well
+whipped, of course, but I often escaped.
+
+San Francisco in those days was mostly built of wood, and when a fire
+started, with a fair wind, the damage done was something enormous. My
+spirit of adventure took me to many of these fires, in fact it was
+hard to keep me in when a large one was burning. From our house I
+have seen the greater part of the city swept away twice, and a
+grander sight cannot be imagined, seen from an eminence, and maybe at
+night, too. I was off like a shot, and, running all the way, was soon
+on the scene. Anyone and everyone volunteered to help carry goods to
+a place of safety, and hot work it was, I can tell you, for being
+mostly of wood, and maybe redwood, they (the houses) burnt like
+tinder. From running to so many fires and falling down in my haste
+I got my shins bruised and bleeding, and my trousers, of course,
+torn. I was showing my children these scars only lately, they being
+still much in evidence after fifty-four years.
+
+As I have before stated, the stores were built of redwood, and with
+cellars. The floors of many had trapdoors, and when the fire got near
+them the storekeeper opened the trapdoor, and all the goods were
+swept off the shelves into the cellar, and covered up. After this the
+owner of the building took a bee-line for the lumber yard to get in
+his order for lumber for a new building ahead of his neighbor. They
+were the exciting days and no mistake! A week after one of these
+devastating fires all was built up and looked the same as usual. I
+might state that the firebells rang on all occasions to bring the
+citizens together in those times of tumult, and all prominent men
+were firemen.
+
+I can well remember the election of President Buchanan, and if I
+remember right, the voting was in the open air in each ward of the
+city, the ballots being placed in large glass globes. At one of these
+polling-places I saw a fight, the result of a dispute between a
+Democrat and a Republican over an accusation by one that the other
+had put in a double ticket (I think this was the cause).
+
+To close this history, I might say that my father and his partner put
+all they had, some ten thousand dollars, into a venture which
+eventually brought us to Vancouver Island to live. They bought a
+vessel, and sent her in ballast to Alberni or Sooke for a load of
+lumber, and it was arranged that on her return to San Francisco she
+was to take the lumber to England, and we all were to go home again
+in her. But "L'homme propose et Dieu dispose" was here exemplified,
+for the ship never came back. After weeks of anxiety when the ship
+was overdue, one day either the captain, or the mate came to my
+father with the news that the ship was wrecked in Barclay Sound, and
+as there was not a dollar of insurance we were ruined, and had to
+commence all over again.
+
+The result of all this was that later we embarked with about six
+hundred others on the steamer _Northerner_ for Victoria, to try
+and retrieve something of what we lost. I will not vouch for the
+accuracy of the dates or the rotation in which the incidents are
+related, but I have done my best after cudgeling my brain for weeks
+for the general result as here presented.
+
+[Portrait: Edgar Fawcett.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+THEATRICAL MEMORIES.
+
+
+In looking through a trunk of old letters and other odds and ends the
+other day, I came across what might be considered of some interest to
+some of our pioneers in the sixties. The find consisted of six
+playbills, or, as they could very well be considered, theatrical
+posters, from the size; but they were such as were then given to
+people as they passed the doorkeeper into the old Victoria Theatre on
+Government Street. They measure two feet long by ten inches wide, and
+are like posters alongside those now used. These plays were produced
+in the times of Governors Douglas and Seymour, and were under their
+distinguished patronage.
+
+In those days very few theatrical companies visited Victoria, except
+at irregular intervals, so that theatre-goers had to rely, to a great
+extent, on the productions of the Victoria Amateur Dramatic Club to
+fill up the intervals. At this date there were many well-educated and
+professional men here who had come from the Old Country to get rich
+in a short time; and, thinking the mines were close to this city,
+many of these joined the club. Charles Clarke was a prominent member,
+also W. M. Anderson, C. B. Tenniel, together with many of our young
+business men, viz., Arthur Keast, the brewer; Lumley Franklin, the
+auctioneer; S. Farwell, the civil engineer; H. C. Courtney, the
+barrister; H. Rushton and Joseph Barnett, of one of the banks;
+Ben Griffin, mine host of the Boomerang; Godfrey Brown, of Janion,
+Green & Rhodes; W. J. Callingham, of McCutcheon & Callingham, drapers
+(the latter, by the bye, was a most clever low comedian); Plummer,
+the auctioneer; and last, though not least, Alex. Phillips, of
+soda water fame. These names will all be familiar to old pioneers.
+As female talent was scarce, or they were loth to take part in
+theatricals, the other sex had to be enlisted, and I shall not forget
+the meeting at the Boomerang (our meeting-place) when this difficulty
+was met by the suggestion that your humble servant should take
+the part of "Emily Trevor" in "Boots at the Swan." I protested my
+inability, but was overruled. Not yet having occasion to use a razor,
+and being youthful, it was decided that I should try my hand at
+female impersonation, under the "stage name" of "Helen Fawcet." The
+result of the experiment was that I subsequently took the parts of
+"Julia Jenkins" in "Who Stole the Pocket-book?" and "Mary Madden" in
+"Henry Dunbar." This last character was a rather more difficult one
+than the others, and although I was perfect in my part, I was
+reported in the next morning's _Colonist_ by "Leigh Harnett" as
+looking very sweet, etc., but "as not speaking up," which, of course,
+was a serious defect. This criticism was a damper on my theatrical
+aspirations in female parts, for I returned to the commonplace parts
+of a poacher, a brigand and a footman. The performances were
+generally given for some charity, such as the Orphans of St. Ann, the
+fire department, and so forth, and were "under" the distinguished
+patronage of Admiral Hastings and officers of H.M.S. _Reindeer_, and
+officers of the fleet often helped us out. I see by the bills that
+the admission was $1.50 reserved seats, $1.00 unreserved, and 50
+cents "pit," with $10 for a box. "Performance to commence promptly
+at 7.30." The orchestra was composed, with others, of Digby Palmer,
+F. S. Bushell, Gunther and Roberts, with, I think, Bandmaster Haynes.
+All our performances were given under the direction of R. G. Marsh,
+a standard theatrical manager, who, with his wife, adopted daughter,
+"Jenny Arnot," his son and Miss Yeoman, was a great help to us. In
+fact without their assistance we could not have produced plays with
+female characters. Not to make this too long, I will wind up by
+giving what I can remember of a piece called "The Merchant of Venice
+Preserved," by a local poet. It was full of local hits, which only
+those who were acquainted with politics and the questions of the day
+at that time will understand:
+
+  "This shall Inform Bassanio that I'm done Brown,
+  My chance is up, my ship, alas! gone down.
+  The vessel on her homeward way, sir,
+  Laden with the rich products of the Fraser (river)--
+  The famed sal-lals for making jams,
+  Monster sturgeon, cranberries and clams--
+  Bumped on the sands and so a wreck became;
+  Captain, as usual, 'not at all to blame.'
+  The people here say just as they like,
+  And lay the blame on 'Titcombe' or on 'Pike.'
+  For me, no sympathy I get; to them 'tis fun;
+  Alas for me, I'm 'Capitally' done;
+  Then those brick stores, which I fondly thought
+  For bonded warehouses would soon be sought;
+  Bring 'Nary red,' no revenue they raise;
+  No ships arriving, no one duty pays;
+  From Sorrow's page I've learned all man can know,
+  For 'Cochrane's' just sold off my grand pi-an-o;
+  So if with means to aid me you're invested,
+  Haste, for the Jews won't rest till I'm arrested.
+
+  "Your loving friend,
+
+  "_Antonio._"
+
+The evening of my first appearance in female character, I was dressed
+at home, and escorted down town with a lady on each side of me, and I
+can remember how hard it was for them to keep their countenance, for
+several times I thought I was discovered ere we reached the theatre.
+We all walked to and from the theatre in those days--there were not
+half a dozen hacks in Victoria.
+
+[Illustration: Government St. with Theatre Royal.]
+
+The photo shows old "Theatre Royal" at the time of which I write,
+viz., 1866 to 1868, and in which all the theatricals were produced in
+these early days; although there was a sort of theatre used for
+nigger minstrel performances and concert hall business. This was
+situated under Goodacre's butcher shop. The principal actor and negro
+delineator was "Tom Lafont," whose equal I have not seen since as an
+imitator of negro comicalities and as a bird whistler. He will be
+well remembered by old-timers. The Theatre Royal was situated on
+Government Street, one door from the corner of Bastion, as will be
+seen in the picture. This corner was first occupied by Doctor Davie,
+sr., then by a Doctor Dickson, when first I remember it. He died
+about a year ago in Portland, Oregon, just after a visit to this
+city. The theatre was, I think, composed of two of the big barns in
+the fort, which being connected together, made one long building,
+reaching to Langley Street. There was a saloon or restaurant kept
+by Sam Militich on the one side of the front entrance, and Newbury's
+saddlery shop on the other. The upper front of the theatre was used
+as a photograph gallery, and was occupied, among others, by a Mr.
+Gentile and J. Craig. A showcase of photos, in a small annex, which
+was connected with the gallery above, may be seen with a magnifying
+glass.
+
+Charles Keen and Mrs. Keen produced several of Shakespeare's plays
+here in 1864, and I went with my father to see "Macbeth." We had
+seats in the pit, or orchestra chairs, as now known. Reserved tickets
+were three dollars, and although this was thought to be a famine
+price, the opportunity of hearing such celebrated people as the Keens
+was not to be resisted, so the house was packed at each performance.
+
+Charles Wheatley, considered a fine comedian, produced the "Colleen
+Bawn," or the "Brides of Garry Owen." The play made a lasting
+impression on me, as the finest comedy I had ever seen. It may be
+that Mr. Wheatley's fine personation of Danny Mann, the leading part,
+made me think so, but it was a fact nevertheless.
+
+Madame Anna Bishop, whom Mr. Higgins has told us about in one of his
+interesting stories, delighted many audiences in "Old Theatre Royal."
+
+I can also remember the Reverend Morley Puncheon, who was a
+celebrated Methodist preacher, and chairman of the home church in
+England. He gave readings from celebrated authors. During one of
+these readings, and while he was reciting from Macaulay's "Lays of
+Ancient Rome," the fire bell rang, and in less time than five minutes
+there was hardly a man left of his audience. He was at first struck
+dumb with surprise, then offended. That such an ordinary thing, as it
+seemed to him, should have stopped his lecture! But it was
+explained to him how that fires were put out by the citizens
+generally; that it was a matter of much moment to them; that it may
+have been the home of any of them; also that many of the audience
+were members of a fire company, and were liable to be fined for
+non-attendance, although their services were given free. This
+satisfied him, and he went on with the reading. Theatre Royal served
+Victoria until the building of Theatre Victoria.
+
+[Illustration: Corner of Government and Yates streets.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+MY BOYHOOD DAYS IN VICTORIA.
+
+
+  How dear to this heart are the scenes of my childhood,
+    When fond recollection presents them to view!
+  The orchard, the meadow, the deep-tangled wildwood,
+    And every loved spot which my boyhood then knew.
+
+      Oh! give me back my boyhood days,
+        The sportive days of childhood.
+      The merry games with bat and ball,
+        The rambles through the wildwood.
+
+As I stated in my experiences in San Francisco in the early fifties,
+and in consequence of the loss of my father's vessel near Alberni, we
+came north to Victoria after gold was discovered in British Columbia.
+We took passage in the steamer _Northerner_, which was filled
+with passengers and freight, and came via Portland, arriving in
+Esquimalt on the 11th day of February, 1859. I might state that all
+the ocean steamers docked at Esquimalt then, and the passengers were
+freighted round in a smaller steamer to the Hudson's Bay wharf in our
+harbor. The first thing that attracted our attention on coming into
+the harbor was the high palisade of the fort, which ran along Wharf
+Street from the corner of Bastion to Broughton Street, up thence
+to Government Street, along Government to Bastion Street, to the
+cigar store with the brass plate on, now occupied by North and
+Richardson. Opposite Fort Street there was an entrance, and another
+on Wharf Street.
+
+[Illustration: Fort Street, extending through the fort.]
+
+In the centre of the large gates there were smaller ones. These small
+gates were opened every morning at seven o'clock on the ringing of
+the fort bell, which was suspended from a kind of belfry in the
+centre of the yard. To the north were the stores and warehouses, and
+to the south large barns; the residences were situated on the east
+side of the fort.
+
+The stores were patronized by all the colonists, not then being
+confined to the Company's servants, as in former times. Fort Street
+looked very different to what it does now. The roadbed was composed
+of boulders, which, being round, made rough riding, and so muddy,
+too! Try and imagine it. The sidewalk was of two-inch boards, laid
+lengthwise, three boards wide, I think, and commenced at the Brown
+Jug corner, running up for three or four blocks.
+
+Where the Brown Jug now stands was a large orchard and garden,
+surrounded by a whitewashed fence, which ran along Government Street
+to Broughton, taking in the whole block eastward. Many an apple have
+I had from this orchard, and apples were apples in those days,
+whatever they may be now.
+
+The Company's bakery, where we got our bread, was across Fort Street,
+on the site of the Five Sisters block, and was a log-built house,
+whitewashed. I think part of the bakehouse was to be seen in late
+years in the rear of a carpenter's shop on Broad Street, also I think
+the baker himself is still alive, and named James Stockham. He made
+excellent bread and charged twenty-five cents a loaf, but such loaves
+they were, being at least three times as large as modern loaves.
+
+There was a good story told of the Hudson's Bay Company, and the
+price of flour and bread during the gold excitement, which reflected
+great credit on the Chief Factor of the company. It was said that a
+scheme was concocted to corner all the flour in the country (_a la_
+trust) by some enterprising citizens across the border; and the
+Company was approached by these gentlemen, who proposed to them to
+buy their whole stock of flour for that purpose. To the credit of
+the Company's officials, they refused to do so, and sold at the usual
+price, against the combination, and so broke it up.
+
+[Illustration: Sir James Douglas and Lady Douglas.]
+
+After we had got settled in our new home the question of sending me
+to school was discussed, and easily settled, for it was Hobson's
+choice. The Colonial School, as it was called, was on the site of the
+present Central School. It was the only one I can think of except
+Angela College, and maybe a private school. There was a fee of five
+dollars a year charged, payable quarterly in advance.
+
+After you left Blanchard Street, the way to the school was by a
+pathway through the woods. The country around View and Fort Streets,
+up to Cook, was very swampy, and covered mostly by willow and alder
+trees. In fact there was a small swamp or lake on View Street, where
+there was good duck shooting in winter. When I went to the Colonial
+School in 1859, it was taught by a young man named Kennedy, whose
+father was Dr. Kennedy, of the Hudson's Bay Company, and whose
+brother was in the same service. Some months later he resigned, and
+his successor was an Irishman named W. H. Burr, whose temper was
+quick, like my own, and although he tried to make me a good scholar,
+I am afraid I did not do him or his teaching justice, and I
+remember two good beatings he gave me far better than the useful
+knowledge he tried to inculcate.
+
+It was thus: Our school might aptly be termed a mixed one, for it
+consisted of boys and girls who sat together. This arrangement just
+suited me, for I was fond of the girls. There were white boys and
+black boys, Hebrews and Gentiles, rich and poor, and we all sat close
+together to economize room. One day a dispute arose between a white
+boy and a black boy, and ended in a fistic encounter. I was mainly
+instrumental in bringing it about, and backed my man until the sponge
+was thrown up by the white boys' friend. Mr. Burr heard of the
+occurrence through the boys not reporting at the school the next
+morning, and an investigation by the master revealed my part in the
+affair. I was sentenced to be flogged for aiding and abetting. This
+was announced in the morning, and to be carried out in the afternoon.
+My friends collected around me after school closed and various advice
+was given me as to how I should act under the trying circumstances.
+After the consultation was over it was decided that I should put on a
+pair of old gloves inside out, as it was supposed the cane would not
+hurt as much that way, and it being dusk at four o'clock, when we
+broke up in winter, the master might not see the difference in the
+color of my hands. I was on hand at flogging time, against the advice
+of some of my friends, who counselled me not to show up. Mr. Burr
+laid on the cane on my hands, and at first I did not feel it much,
+but after about half the whipping was given it got unbearable, and I
+could not hold out any longer, so bolted, was stopped, knocked down,
+and eventually I got under the seats and desks, and was followed by
+the irate master and hit on any part that was exposed to view. Mr.
+Burr did not give up until he was tired out, and I was glad
+to take advantage of this fact and get out, and off home, a much
+wiser if not a better boy. I got little sympathy at home when I told
+them that I had been whipped for causing a fight between a white boy
+and a black boy named White.
+
+My next whipping was interrupted by the master's wife, who frequently
+interfered, and by her pleadings for the culprit and offering to go
+bail for his future good behavior, got him off with lighter
+punishment. I shall always think kindly of Mrs. Burr, for if ever
+there was a good, kind-hearted woman it was she. Mr. Burr often went
+to auctions, and before going, he appointed a monitor, who had charge
+during his absence. One day during his absence all hands vacated our
+desks and proceeded to the vegetable garden, which contained a good
+assortment of all kinds, and as boys are known to be over-fond of raw
+carrots and turnips, especially if stolen, we were soon at work
+digging up our favorite vegetables. After peeling them with our
+jackknives we might have been seen sitting on the fence and school
+porch eating as only boys can eat. In the midst of our vegetarian
+feast the lookout announced the distant approach of the master, and
+then there was a scattering of the boys, as half-eaten carrots and
+turnips were thrown away, and we regained our seats in school looking
+as innocent as lambs. Then Mr. Burr appeared on the scene. Mrs. Burr
+must have seen us, but was too good-hearted to tell her husband all
+she knew.
+
+I have said the school was reached by a trail through the woods, and
+very pretty the woods looked in summer. The school and grounds were
+surrounded by spreading oaks, which covered that part of the city, or
+country as it was then called, and it was under these trees we sat
+with the girls and ate our lunch, or rested in the shade after our
+innings at ball. Wild flowers, that now are only found miles away,
+were found there in profusion. We children always took our lunches,
+it being considered too far to go home for the midday meal.
+
+Many will remember the old schoolhouse which was pulled down to make
+way for the present Central School. It was built of square logs and
+whitewashed, and was occupied by the master and his family. The
+school proper occupied only about a third of the building, and was a
+large room extending from the front to the back of the building. Of
+the old boys and girls who survive those early school days I can
+think of these: Judge Harrison; John Elford, of Elford & Smith;
+Theophilus Elford, of Shawnigan Lake Lumber Company; Mr. Anderson, of
+Saanich; the Tolmie and Finlayson boys; Edward Wall (late Erskine &
+Wall); Ernest Leigh, son of the late city clerk, now of San
+Francisco, and John and Fred Mecredy, also of San Francisco. Of the
+girls there are Sarah Allatt, now Mrs. Jos. Wriglesworth; Sylvestra
+Layzell, now Mrs. O. C. Hastings, and her sister Lucy, now also
+married; and Sarah Pointer, now Mrs. Carter. I had nearly forgotten
+Ned Buckley, who left here for the States and became an actor of some
+note.
+
+Of those dead I can best remember David Work, of Hillside Farm, and
+my chum, the late James Douglas, son of Sir James, then Governor. If
+I remember right, he was unintentionally the cause of my second
+whipping. He seemed much attached to me, and many were the rides we
+had together in his trap, which brought him to school every morning.
+He was a kindred spirit, wilful like myself, and had a habit of
+suddenly getting up in school and announcing to the master that he
+was going home, or it might be for some long drive, usually to
+Cadboro Bay. Mr. Burr would remonstrate with him, but generally gave
+way, and off he went. As he and I got intimate he wanted me to go
+with him on these expeditions, and often at the unseemly hours of two
+or three o'clock, during school.
+
+One day he got up suddenly in his seat and said: "Mr. Burr, I am
+going home and I want Fawcett to go with me; that will be all right,
+won't it?"
+
+"Now, Master James," said Mr. Burr, "I cannot allow this; I must
+protest against this going away during school hours. If His
+Excellency only knew, what would he say?"
+
+"Oh, that will be all right, Mr. Burr."
+
+"No, no, James, it is not all right, and as for Fawcett going with
+you I cannot allow it, Master James; heed me or I must have a word
+with Sir James about you."
+
+[Portrait: William Leigh.]
+
+All this time James was standing up at his desk with his riding-whip
+in his hand, and making signs for me to follow, which I proceeded to
+do, the master protesting all the time. I got my reward next day, but
+not as bad as I would have got had not good Mrs. Burr come to my
+rescue. We drove to Upland Farm, then the home of City Clerk Leigh
+and his family, at Cadboro Bay. Mrs. Leigh was always good to James
+and I on these visits to the farm, getting us the best to eat and
+plenty of fresh milk to drink. By some understanding between Sir
+James and Mr. Burr we continued these afternoon drives, and it may be
+imagined how we boys enjoyed them. We continued friends to the last,
+and years after I worked like a beaver when he was elected a member
+of the Legislature for Victoria City. He was godfather to my eldest
+son, who was named after him. I have still a handsome book given
+me by Sir James at the last break-up of school before I left.
+
+We now and then hear complaints by prudish people of the boys bathing
+on Victoria Arm, on Deadman's Island and elsewhere without a full
+bathing suit. What would they say to the boys of my time bathing in
+Nature's suit only, and that on the waterfront from James Bay bridge
+all around to the Hudson's Bay Company's wharf? We bathed there at
+all times, and to our heart's content, and never was exception taken
+to it by the authorities, or in fact by anyone. Use is second nature,
+and I suppose that accounted for it.
+
+Have any of my readers ever seen Deadman's Island (the island which
+is opposite Leigh's mill) when it was covered with trees and shrubs?
+Well, up these trees were corpses of Indians fastened up in trunks
+and cracker boxes, but mostly trunks, the bodies being doubled up to
+make them fit in the trunk, and then suspended like Mahomet's coffin
+between heaven and earth. There were also some Indians buried in the
+shallow soil and surrounded by fences, and again boxes of corpses
+were piled one on top of the other. This island was a favorite place
+of the school boys as a rendezvous for swimming, and many a summer's
+afternoon and Saturday have I spent there in the good old days gone
+by.
+
+I shall now relate an incident of one of these expeditions to the
+island by myself and three others. I can recollect the names of only
+two members of the expedition of that Saturday, and I might say that
+they were my schoolfellows of the Collegiate School, which occupied
+the site of Mr. Ellis's residence on Church Hill, and was afterwards
+burnt down. I left the Colonial School in 1860, and transferred to
+the Collegiate School, which was conducted as a church institution.
+Rev. C. T. Woods was principal, with Rev. Mr. Reese, "Cantab."
+Williams, and Messrs. Vincent and Palmer, French and drawing and
+music, as the full staff. Well, about the Deadman's Island affair.
+One Saturday afternoon in midsummer four of us--Robert Branks, a
+brother of Mrs. Doctor Powell, William Galley, James Estall and a
+fourth whose name I cannot now remember hired a boat at Lachapelle's,
+near James Bay Bridge, and made for Deadman's Island. We enjoyed the
+luxury of running about the island like the savages on Robinson
+Crusoe's island, then dived into deep water, swam around for a time
+and landed to dry and warm ourselves at a fire we had made for that
+purpose. All boys know that a fire is indispensable to swimming and
+bathing.
+
+While squatting on the ground around the fire the idea struck me that
+by the way the wind was blowing it would not need much encouragement
+for the fire to take hold of some of the boxes of bones, which may
+have represented an Indian chief, his wife or child. I then proposed
+that we accidentally on purpose "set fire to the whole lot." After a
+council of war it was finally decided to carry out my suggestion, as
+a grand wind-up of our day's outing. Time after time we dived off,
+and swam around till tired, and then came ashore to dry ourselves at
+the fire. This is the exact routine of boys' swimming expeditions of
+these present days, and will be to the end of all time. We got tired
+of it at last and dressed, preparing to go home, when the subject of
+the firing of the Indian corpses was again discussed. Should we do it
+or not? Robert Branks was with me all right, but one boy was fearful
+of the consequences. "The chief and all the Indians on the Songhees
+reserve would soon see the fire and would be after us." There was
+something in this, for there were hundreds then, where there are now
+dozens, and it was risky.
+
+After each had said his say, we put it to the vote, and it was
+carried three to one that the fire take place. We set fire to a lot
+of pieces of broken coffins at two separate places alongside a pile
+of boxes or trunks of bones. Then we made all haste to get aboard our
+craft, up sail and away. We had hardly reached the bridge and crossed
+the harbor from the bottom of Johnson Street to the Indian reserve,
+when the fire could be seen plainly as having been a success from our
+point of view--so much so that we made greater haste to get to the
+boathouse. We lost no time in settling up for the boat hire, and
+making the best of our legs in getting home. The paper next morning
+was early sought for, and with fear and trembling, too. There was
+good reason for fear, for the paper gave an account of the affair.
+The Indians had made complaint to the police, and they were searching
+for the culprits. I was afraid to go out at all, much less to go to
+school, and every knock at the door made me start. I at last
+confessed to my parents my share in the business, and it was decided
+that I must "lay low" for a few days, and lucky it was for me I did
+not get what I deserved, a good whipping, as my mother said. The
+quartette of boys kept their counsel, and we escaped a visit from the
+police.
+
+Some time later we visited the island to see the result of the fire,
+and found that all traces of the burying-ground had vanished, the
+surface of the island being swept clean, with not a trace of boxes,
+bones or trees, and it has remained so till this day.
+
+In the absence of Chinese market gardens, and the kitchen garden now
+attached to most homesteads, we had to go to a distance for our
+vegetables. It took us the best part of a day to go to Hillside Farm
+for a sack of assorted vegetables. Several boys would start together
+for this trip into the country. It is astonishing how the absence
+of streets or roads lengthens this distance, and so it was then. We
+started after breakfast and took our lunch, going across country by
+trail, each with a sack, which was filled by old Willie Pottinger,
+the gardener, for a shilling. Very good and fresh they were, and very
+cheap this was considered. With our loads we started for home, and
+the further we got from Hillside the heavier the vegetables got, and
+therefore the more stoppages we made to rest. At last Port and
+Blanchard Streets were in sight, and we were home again, tired out
+and hungry as hunters.
+
+The last I remember of the Hudson's Bay fort was during the contest
+brought on by the burning question of the day, namely Union and
+Tariff vs. Free Port. The mainland represented Tariff and the island
+Free Port. Should we join with the mainland with a tariff or remain
+Free Port? The hustings was erected in the fort, and the pros and
+cons were discussed by the rival candidates. I took part, although
+too young to vote, and worked day and night for my friend Amor De
+Cosmos, who was in favor of union and tariff, and we won the day,
+too.
+
+Before I conclude I would again speak of the large stores in the
+fort, which supplied the colonists with all they required except
+meats. It was said at the time that you might get anything at the
+stores, from a needle to an anchor. This might well have been true,
+for it was the repository of all the Company's goods for supplying
+their servants with all their necessaries.
+
+One of the first visits I paid was with my mother, as in San
+Francisco, and amongst various articles I carried away was a pair of
+Old Country boots. These boots I am not likely to forget, as I wore
+them so long. The soles were twice the usual thickness of even boys'
+boots, and, like a horseshoe, had a row of nails with projecting
+square heads a quarter inch thick. These boots left their mark
+wherever they went, and, as may be supposed, as I was a strong,
+healthy boy with a roving disposition, they travelled considerably.
+Wear them out I could not, kicking rocks and stubbing my toes against
+everything I came against, for I found them awkward and heavy to
+carry, and in fact everything gave way before them. My poor mother
+often called out at the marks of the square-headed nails on her
+clean floors, which in those days were not covered with carpets or
+linoleum, as now. These boots were a feature of the store, and were,
+I think, $3.75 or $4 a pair--but enough of hobnailed boots.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+VICTORIA'S FIRST DIRECTORY.
+
+
+In 1860 was issued the first directory of Victoria, Vancouver Island,
+by Edward Mallandaine, an architect, who continued to issue a
+Victoria directory at intervals for years afterwards. Through the
+kindness of Mr. Mallandaine, who is a pioneer of 1858, I am enabled
+to review this relic of early and interesting times, for those of us
+who remember them as "the good old times." I shall here give some of
+the author's "Prefatory remarks":
+
+"It has been thought by the author of the following work that the
+present being an age of advancement, the period has fully arrived
+when our fair town of Victoria is of sufficient importance to deserve
+that index of commercial progress, a Directory. We have been reliably
+informed that about 35,000 immigrants from California and elsewhere
+have arrived, and have produced a most marvellous state of transition
+in the two countries [Vancouver Island and British Columbia.] A
+number of wharves have been constructed this past season, a new
+timber bridge across James Bay has been built, giving access to the
+newly-erected Government offices for public lands and to Government
+House, which are of an ornamental character. Streets leading to the
+bridge have been graded and metalled over and are passable at all
+times. A temporary want of funds alone prevents more being done in
+this way, as also the completion of two embankments (in lieu of
+bridges) in a ravine [Johnson Street, I think, E. F.]. Wooden
+buildings have ceased to be the order of the day. We have been
+fortunate in hitherto escaping with but one single disaster in the
+shape of fire. Some public-spirited citizens taking the lead, a Hook
+and Ladder Company has been organized, and subscriptions raised to
+defray the necessary outlay of a building and a Hook and Ladder
+Apparatus and an Engine. We have a large bookstore [Hibben &
+Carswell's]; two hotels of considerable dimensions, Royal and
+Victoria, and several houses, all erected in brickwork. The Hudson's
+Bay Company are erecting a warehouse of pretentious dimension of
+stone, which they import from a distance of not less than forty
+miles, and a new bank, 'Bank of British North America.' Great demands
+are made for a Public Hall for meetings, and the want of a Theatre
+is felt. The last few months have seen an increase in our legal
+defenders, and the arrival of an attorney-general for British
+Columbia.
+
+"We have seen by an effort in the right direction a large tract of
+land, 20,000 acres in the neighborhood of Victoria, put up for sale
+by auction at the upset price of $1.00 per acre.
+
+"We have of churches one Episcopalian, one Roman Catholic, one
+Methodist mission, one Congregational mission, one nunnery school,
+Sisters of St. Ann's, one private educational institute (by the
+author) for both sexes, and one Young Ladies' Seminary.
+
+"We have an hospital (Royal) started originally by Rev. Edward
+Cridge, of Christ Church, and now sadly overburdened with debt.
+
+"A Masonic lodge is in course of formation; an Odd Fellows'
+Association has been in existence for a year; a Ladies' Benevolent
+Society, under the presidency of Mrs. Col. Moody; a Hebrew Victoria
+Benevolent Society has been in existence some six months; a
+Philharmonic Society, under the conduct of John Bailey, is among one
+of its oldest institutions, and to conclude we have in Victoria a
+_free port_. This is an immense advantage, coupled with its commanding
+situation for an eastern and Asiatic trade and its position, opposite
+the North American and Pacific railway (which will shortly be an
+undoubted fact). In conclusion, we have to place our work in its
+present state in the hands of an indulgent public," E. M., etc.
+
+[Portrait: Captain John Irving.]
+
+I now propose to review the names of the 1860 pioneer merchants, as
+illustrated on the covers and through the directory, bringing their
+names before the pioneers of those days again. This directory is
+nothing more than a history of the city at that time, and to me is
+most interesting reading. It is not to be supposed that newcomers of
+twenty years' residence will give it more than passing notice, but
+they will excuse us old hands for being interested.
+
+On the front cover is a picture of the Royal Hotel on Wharf Street,
+corner of Johnson, Jas Wilcox, proprietor, who also owned property on
+Fort Street opposite Philharmonic Hall, Wilcox Alley running through
+the property. The Royal Hotel with the Victoria were the first brick
+hotels built here in 1858. It was on a vacant lot alongside the Royal
+Hotel that the Rev. Alexander C. Garrett, about 1861 or 1862, used to
+preach on Sunday afternoons to large crowds, mostly sailors and
+miners, although all sorts and conditions of sinners were there. He
+was a most eloquent Irishman, was a missionary to the Indians, and
+lived on the Songhees reserve. The choir of Christ Church attended to
+lead the music, and as I was a choir boy, I was there, as also,
+I think, Dr. Davie. The minister stood on a packing-box, and the
+whole scene is vivid in my memory. The motley crowd, as may be
+supposed, the music in the open air, and the eloquent speaker, all
+combined to make the scene one to be remembered. Mr. Garrett left
+here for the States, afterwards being made bishop of the Protestant
+Episcopal Church of America.
+
+On the inside of the cover is a picture of Stationers' Hall, Hibben &
+Carswell, on the corner of Yates and Langley Streets. During
+fifty-four years the business has gone on prospering. Although the
+three principals of that day are gone to their rest, the business is
+still carried on as Hibben & Co., under the able management of
+William S. Bone, one of its partners. I might state that Mr. Bone
+entered the business as a boy at the age of eighteen years, and
+subsequently a partnership was formed, consisting of T. N. Hibben, C.
+W. Kammerer and William H. Bone. R. T. Williams, in charge of the
+Provincial Government Bindery, was also on the staff of this pioneer
+firm in the early sixties.
+
+On the next page are two views, one of William Zelnor's drug store,
+on Government Street, between Yates and Johnson, east side. He
+afterwards moved to the corner of Yates and Government, where the B.
+C. Market now does business. The second is the store of Webster and
+Co., Yates Street, the building now occupied by Bissinger and Co.,
+hide dealers. Mr. Jesse Cowper, who was a resident of Menzies Street,
+James Bay, was a partner in the firm, and a cousin of the Websters,
+and after many years' connection with the concern retired to enjoy
+the results of his success in this business. He has since died.
+
+Janion & Green, commission merchants, foot of Johnson Street, near
+the bridge, come next. The firm was afterwards Janion, Green &
+Rhodes; the latter was the respected father of Mr. Rhodes, of the
+firm of Brackman & Ker Milling Co., and was Hawaiian consul, having
+previously been in business in Honolulu. The business house of A.
+Hoffman, dry goods, north-west corner of Yates and Government, is
+a frame building. Next are two well-known firms, viz., A. Gilmore,
+merchant tailor, Yates Street, fourth door from Waddington Alley, and
+K. Gambitz, Yates Street, next to Bank of British North America. He
+was an American Hebrew, and sold out to Thomas and William Wilson,
+who for many years conducted the business on Government Street as the
+"City House."
+
+James Bell, general hardware, Johnson Street; Robertson, Stewart &
+Co., commission merchants, Yates Street; and Bayley's Hotel, which
+was on the site of the Pritchard House, now turned into a bank;
+Sporburg & Co., importers of provisions and dry goods, Wharf Street,
+foot of Yates; Thos. Patrick & Co., corner Johnson and Government
+Streets, wholesale liquors; Pierce & Seymour, corner Yates and
+Douglas Streets, furniture dealers. Mr. Seymour was one of the
+charter members of the Pioneer Society, which society he took a great
+interest in. He was a firm believer in the cold water cure, and took
+cold water baths for all ailments. One morning, his furniture store
+(which then occupied the site of the Colonist Building) not opening
+up at the usual hour, the door was broken open, and Mr. Seymour was
+found dead in his cold bath. He was a good-hearted man, and a good
+friend to many. Lester & Gibbs, the colored grocers, Yates Street,
+between Wharf and Government Streets; Adolph Sutro & Co., wholesale
+cigars and tobacco, corner Wharf and Yates Streets; A. Blackman,
+stoves and tinware, Yates Street, near Wharf; N. Munroe & Co.,
+Yates Street, opposite Stationers' Hall, dry goods and clothing;
+Pioneer Mineral Water Works, Humboldt Street, south side; Phillips
+& Co.; E. Mallandaine, architect, Broad Street, near Yates;
+Macdonald & Co., bankers, Yates Street. Of this bank I have a lively
+recollection, as its career came to an end suddenly by the discovery
+being made one morning that the bank had been robbed, and exit made
+through the roof. I have $36 of their notes to remember it by.
+W. F. Herre, News Depot, Yates Street, between Wharf and Government
+Streets; W. H. Oliver, Johnson Street, opposite Wharf Street,
+wholesale dealer in liquors (situated over the ravine); C. J. Pidwell
+& Co., furniture dealers, Yates Street; Wells, Fargo & Co., Express
+and Exchange Co.; C. C. Pendergast, accountant, Yates Street, between
+Wharf and Government Streets; G. Huston, gunsmith, Yates Street,
+below Wells, Fargo & Co.; Langley Bros., wholesale and retail
+druggists, Yates Street; J. D. Carroll, wines and liquors, wholesale,
+Yates Street; Reid & Macdonald, commission merchants, Wharf Street;
+Wm. Burlington Smith, groceries, Government Street, near Yates;
+Selim, Franklin & Co., auctioneers and land agents, Yates Street. I
+think all these names will be familiar to some of the early pioneers,
+as they are to me.
+
+Public Departments of Vancouver Island for 1860.
+
+Governor--James Douglas, C.B.
+
+Legislative Council--His Excellency the Governor, Hon. John Work,
+Hon. Roderick Finlayson, Hon. David Cameron, judge; Hon. Donald
+Fraser, clerk; Rev. Edward Cridge.
+
+House of Assembly--Members for Esquimalt--J. S. Helmcken, M.D.,
+Speaker; Capt. Cooper, harbor master, and Capt. J. Gordon. Members
+for Victoria District--W. F. Tolmie, M.D.; A. D. Waddington, H. P. P.
+Crease, barrister; G. H. Carey, Attorney-General, B.C., and
+Selim Franklin. Saanich--C. Coles. Nanaimo--A. R. Green. Lake
+District--Major Foster. Salt Spring--J. J. Southgate. Metchosin--J.
+McDonald.
+
+Ecclesiastical--Right Rev. George Hills, Bishop of British Columbia;
+Rev. Edward Cridge, Victoria; Rev. R. Dundas, Esquimalt; Rev. R.
+Dawson, Craigflower.
+
+Judicial--Hon. David Cameron, Judge Supreme Court; Attorney-General,
+Geo. H. Carey; Sheriff, G. W. Heaton.
+
+Colonial Secretary's Office--W. A. G. Young, R. N., colonial
+secretary; clerks, Philip Nind, Joseph Porter.
+
+Treasury--Capt. W. D. Gossett, R.E., treasurer.
+
+Lands and Works--J. D. Pemberton, colonial surveyor; surveyors and
+draughtsmen, B. W. Pearse, H. O. Tedieman.
+
+Police--A. F. Pemberton, J. P., commissioner police; superintendent,
+Jno. Bayley, four sergeants and twelve constables.
+
+Postmaster, Victoria, J. D. Ewes; clerk, J. Morrison.
+
+Harbor Master--J. Nagle, J.P.
+
+Postage--To Australia, via England, 48c.; to France, 50c. To Great
+Britain, 34c.; Germany, 40c.
+
+It will be seen that the postage was high and letters a great luxury,
+and I have only mentioned the four principal countries we have an
+interest in; also I would call attention to the number of police
+constables required in those early days, there being a total of
+seventeen.
+
+I have thought it might be interesting to the few remaining pioneers
+of 1862 to revive an interest in events of fifty years ago. I often
+wonder whether our old pioneers think of the days that are gone
+like I do, recall events and persons, take notice of the removal of
+old landmarks, such as the James Bay bridge and Sceeley's "Australian
+House," at the north end of it, not forgetting the old pioneers who
+have passed away recently, among whom were Simeon Duck, Jacob Sehl,
+Thomas Storey, Wm. P. Sayward, Capt. Lewis, Isadore Braverman, Edward
+Mallandaine and Jeremiah Griffiths. There is a certain amount of
+pleasure in these reminiscences, melancholy though it may be to those
+concerned. I shall now quote from the editor's preface of the
+directory of 1863 on the progress of the city:
+
+"At no time since the excitement attending its first settlement in
+1858 has Victoria made greater strides, or her prosperity so
+materially increased, as during the past year. Since the commencement
+of last year her population has at least doubled, and the increase of
+buildings and improvements has been almost in proportion. During the
+winter season the town is thronged with strangers from British
+Columbia and elsewhere, who migrate in the spring. Apart from that
+the number of the inhabitants may be set down at 6,000. Victoria
+contains about 1,500 buildings, some of them very creditable to the
+size of the city, among them the Government offices and the jail.
+There are several commodious brick hotels, the principal being the
+St. Nicholas, the St. George and the Royal. The city is adorned with
+five churches, two belonging to the Church of England, one Roman
+Catholic, one Wesleyan and one Congregational. A Jewish synagogue and
+a Presbyterian church (Pandora Street) are in course of construction.
+There are also a theatre (Theatre Royal, Government Street) and a
+hospital, the latter being supported by voluntary contributions.
+
+"The sittings of the Legislature and law courts of Vancouver Island
+are held in the city. There are two joint stock banks (British North
+America and British Columbia), and three private banking houses.
+Until lately Victoria was without a corporation; during the past year
+(1862) an act to incorporate the town was passed by the Legislature.
+The authorities consisted of a mayor and six councillors. Effective
+and speedy measures will now be adopted to complete the grading of
+the streets and laying down sidewalks. The water frontage of the town
+has since the removal of the old bridge (from foot of Johnson Street
+to Indian reserve) been greatly extended, and several wharves are now
+available for shipping above the point where that obstacle to
+navigation existed. A company has been formed to build a railway
+connecting Victoria with the capacious harbor of Esquimalt. Among
+other institutions the town may now boast of its gas works. A company
+has also been organized to supply the town with water from Elk Lake,
+eight miles distant. The value of real estate in the city has
+increased in many places over 75 per cent. during the last nine
+months. The city is a 'free port,' and therefore not troubled with
+custom duties. Vessels drawing fifteen feet of water may cross the
+bar of the harbor at high water, and a sum of 10,000 pounds has been
+voted by the Legislature to the improvement of the harbor. Steam
+communication is carried on three times a month between Victoria and
+San Francisco, every alternate trip being made via Portland. A
+surprising impetus has been given to agriculture by the number of
+newly-arrived immigrants, who have settled in the most fertile
+districts around Victoria.
+
+"With land at four shillings an acre, and time allowed for payments,
+together with the improved state of communication between
+Victoria and the back settlements, we may hope that the inhabitants
+of the town will not in future be so dependent on neighboring
+countries for their supplies of produce."
+
+Official List for Vancouver Island.
+
+  James Douglas, C.B., Governor.
+  W. A. G. Young, Colonial Secretary.
+  Joseph Porter, Chief Clerk.
+  George H. Carey, Attorney-General.
+  A. Hensley, Clerk.
+  Alex. Watson, Treasurer.
+  Jos. Despard Pemberton, Surveyor-General.
+  W. B. Pearse, Assistant.
+  Robert Ker, Auditor (father of D. R. Ker).
+  Thos. E. Holmes, Clerk.
+  Edward G. Alston, Registrar-General of Deeds.
+  Charles G. Wylly, Assessor (still with us).
+  Henry Wootton, Postmaster (father of Stephen and E. E. Wootton).
+  J. M. Sparrow, Clerk (still with us).
+
+The Legislature.
+
+  Hon. Rodk. Finlayson, Hon. Donald Fraser, Hon. David Cameron,
+    Hon. Alfred J. Langley, Edw. G. Alston and Hon. Alex Watson,
+    nominative.
+  J. S. Helmcken, G. H. Carey and Selim Franklin, Victoria City.
+  Wm. Cocker, Esquimalt.
+  W. F. Tolmie, M.D., J. W. Trutch, and Jas. Trimble, M.D.,
+    Victoria District.
+  Geo. F. Foster and W. J. Macdonald, Lake District.
+  J. J. Southgate, Salt Spring Island.
+  D. B. Ring, Nanaimo.
+  John Coles, Saanich.
+  Robert Burnaby, Esquimalt.
+
+Victoria Fire Department.
+
+  John Dickson, Chief Engineer.
+  John Malovanski, Assistant Engineer.
+  Chas. Gowen, President Board Delegates.
+  Jas. S. Drummond, Secretary Board Delegates.
+
+ORGANIZATION OF COMPANIES.
+
+  Union Hook and Ladder, November 22nd, 1859, D. A. Edgar, Foreman.
+  Deluge Engine, No. 1, March 5th, 1860. Jas. S. Drummond, Foreman.
+  Tiger Engine No. 2, March 23rd, 1860. Samuel L. Kelly, Foreman.
+
+Note.--Of these pioneer firemen of Victoria of this date, Sam Kelly
+is (1910) the only surviving member of the executive.
+
+H. M. S. Ships of the Pacific Station.
+
+  Rear-Admiral, Sir Thomas Maitland.
+
+_Bacchante_, 51 guns; _Chameleon_, 17 guns; _Charybdis_, 17 guns;
+_Clio_, 22 guns; _Devastation_, 6 guns; _Forward_, 3 guns;
+_Grappler_, 3 guns; _Hecate_, 6 guns; _Mutine_, 16 guns; _Naiad_,
+6 guns; _Nereus_, 6 guns; _Tartar_, 20 guns; _Termagant_, 25 guns;
+_Topaz_, 51 guns; _Tribune_, 23 guns; _Sutlej_, 51 guns.
+
+Note.--One-third of these were on southern station. --Ex.
+
+Consuls at Victoria.
+
+  France, P. Mene, Esq.
+  United States, Allen Frances, Esq.
+  Sandwich Islands, Henry Rhodes, Esq. (father of Chas. Rhodes).
+
+Municipal.
+
+  Thomas Harris, first mayor of Victoria.
+  John Copeland, James M. Reid, Richard Lewis, William M. Searby,
+    Michael Stronach and Nathaniel M. Hicks, first councillors
+    of Victoria.
+  Algernon Austen, Town Clerk. J. C. Colquhoun, City Inspector.
+
+Educational.
+
+  Henry Claypole, Master at Craigflower.
+  William H. Burr (my old master), Master at Victoria.
+  Cornelius Bryant, Master at Nanaimo. Salary 150 pounds and fees.
+
+Police Department.
+
+  A. F. Pemberton, Commissioner.
+  Horace Smith, Superintendent.
+  Preston Bennett, Storekeeper and Clerk.
+  George Blake, Sergeant Police, with eleven constables, including
+    Francis Page.
+  Steph. Redgrave, Cook and Steward.
+  George Newcombe, Jailer.
+  D. B. Reid, Assistant Jailer.
+  Edward Truran, Superintendent of Convicts.
+
+[Illustration: Group of early legislators.]
+
+It was customary for the "chain gang" to emerge every morning from a
+side gate of the jail yard on Bastion Street and march to Government
+Street to the music of their chains, with two guards in the rear with
+loaded shotguns. The gang often contained seamen from the ships at
+Esquimalt who were serving sentences, usually for desertion. This in
+course of time caused such indignation that the practice of putting
+men-of-warsmen in the chain gang was discontinued. The gang worked on
+the streets, on the Government ground and at other Government work.
+The uniform consisted of moleskin trousers with V.P., a checked
+cotton shirt and a blue cloth cap. It was thought a wrong to put a
+Jack Tar with malefactors of all grades, such as Indian murderers,
+thieves and whiskey sellers to Indians. It was the custom when a fire
+of any dimensions took place to telephone or send word to Esquimalt,
+and squads of Jacks were soon on the way to town, running all the
+way. After working maybe all night in saving property they would walk
+back to their ship, tired out and wet through, and all for nothing in
+the way of recompense. All the time they were at work they sang and
+joked as they do now. Is it any wonder that we have a soft place in
+our hearts for Jack? I know I shall not forget them and the days that
+have gone by, and I think we all shall regret the late change that
+takes him away, and his merry laugh and joke are things of the past.
+
+To return to the directory. Of those remaining whose names are
+recorded, there are, alas! only sixty-two to-day with us. I have been
+carefully over the list from A to Z and sixty-two is the number. Of
+course there may be others that I did not know, and doubtless there
+are some; there are omissions also, I am sure, and several I have
+added to make up the sixty-two. There is one thing sure, that as a
+rule only the head of a family was recorded, male or female, as there
+are many residents to-day who were young men or youths, or young
+women or girls, when this directory was compiled. I shall give here
+the names of these sixty-two who are still privileged to be residents
+of this beautiful city that we old residents are so proud of, as well
+as those of two living abroad and one in Kamloops.
+
+The list alphabetically is:
+
+  Adams, Daniel F., contractor.
+  Anderson, E. H., variety store.
+  Alport, Charles (in South Africa).
+  Anderson, J. R., agricultural department.
+  Barnett, Josiah, in United States.
+  Barnswell, James, carpenter.
+  Bauman, Frederick, confectioner.
+  Beaven, Hon. Robert.
+  Botterell, Mat., butcher.
+  Blaguiere, Edward.
+  Bullen, Jonathan, bricklayer.
+  Boscowitz, Joseph, fur dealer.
+  Borde, August, Chatham Street.
+  Burnes, Thomas, saloonkeeper.
+  Carey, Joseph W.
+  Cridge, Edward, rector Christ Church.
+  Crowther, John C., painter.
+  Davie, Doctor John C.
+  Dougall, John, iron moulder.
+  Drake, M. W. T., solicitor.
+  Elliott, W. A., engineer _Labouchere_.
+  Fawcett, R. W., house decorator.
+  Gerow, G. C., carriagemaker.
+  Helmcken, Honorable John S., M.P.P.
+  Geiger, Thomali, bliber.
+  Gilmore, Alexander, clothier.
+  Glide, Harry, with Plaskett & Co.
+  Harvey, Rout., commission merchant.
+  Higgins, David W., publisher _Chronicle_.
+  Kelly, Samuel, tinsmith.
+  Kent, Charles, hardware, K. & F.
+  King, J. H., Mousquetaire saloon.
+  Kinsman, John, contractor.
+  Levy, H. E., special officer.
+  Levy, Joseph, fruit store.
+  Lissett, James, painter.
+  Macdonald, W. J., Reid & Macdonald.
+  Maynard, Richard, bootmaker.
+  Marvin, Edward B., sailmaker.
+  McMillan, J. E., publisher _Chronicle_.
+  Monro, Alexander, accountant Hudson's Bay Company.
+  Nuttall, Thomas C., book-keeper.
+  Pearson, Edward, tinsmith.
+  Porter, Arthur, brickmaker.
+  Powell, Doctor I. W.
+  Richardson, George, proprietor of first brick hotel.
+  Roper, S., Kamloops.
+  Styles, S. T., plasterer.
+  Shotbolt, Thomas, druggist.
+  Stockham, F., baker.
+  Sparrow, J. M., post office.
+  Stewart, John, plumber.
+  Sylvester, Frank.
+  Turner, John H. (Todd & Turner), Victoria Produce Market.
+  Vowell, Arthur, Indian superintendent.
+  White, Edward (late Brown & White).
+  Wilson, Alexander, messenger, Bank British North America.
+  Wilson, William, draper.
+  Wilson, Thomas Sidney, cabinetmaker.
+  Wriglesworth, Joseph, London Hotel.
+  Wylly, C. G., accountant.
+  Welch, George, Esquimalt Waterworks.
+
+Many of these since died.
+
+List of those deceased, but whose descendants are residents here now,
+or living elsewhere:
+
+  Barron, David F., cabinetmaker, widow, son and two daughters.
+  Belasco, Abraham, tobacconist, two sons.
+  Broderick, R., coal dealer, widow and two sons.
+  Cameron, Thomas, blacksmith, two daughters and sons.
+  Chadwick, Thomas, hotelkeeper, two sons and daughter.
+  Courtney, H. E., solicitor, sons.
+  Cotsford, Thomas, sons.
+  Davies, J. P., auctioneer, several sons.
+  Doan, J. H., captain, daughter.
+  Duck, Simeon, carriagemaker, sons.
+  Ella, Captain H. B., Hudson's Bay Company, all family, two sons and
+  two daughters living in Victoria.
+  Flett, John, Hudson's Bay Company, several sons.
+  Gowen, Charles, brewer, widow, several sons and daughters.
+  Hall, Richard, agent, two sons--Richard and John.
+  Hall, Philip, several sons.
+  Harris, Thomas, mayor, two daughters.
+  Heal, John, boarding-house, two sons.
+  Heathorn, William, bootmaker, three sons and three daughters.
+  Heisterman, H., Exchange reading room, sons and daughters.
+  Heywood, Joseph, butcher, wife and daughter.
+  Hibben, Thomas Napier, widow, two sons and two daughters.
+  Huston, Guy, gunsmith, two daughters.
+  Irving, William, captain steamer _Reliance_, son and daughters.
+  Jackson, Doctor William, three sons and daughters.
+  Jungerman, J. L., watchmaker, daughter (Mrs. Erb).
+  Jewell, Henry, sons.
+  Leigh, William, second Town Clerk of Victoria, who held the position
+  from about 1863, to the time of his death. He was in charge of
+  Uplands Farm (1859) for the Hudson's Bay Company, and under the
+  supervision of Mr. J. D. Pemberton, built Victoria District Church,
+  and as an amateur musician helped at charitable entertainments. Son
+  in San Francisco, granddaughter in Victoria (Mrs. Simpson).
+  Leneven, David, merchant, son and daughters.
+  Lewis, Lewis, clothier, son and daughter.
+  Lindsay, Daniel, son and daughter.
+  Loat, Christopher, sons and daughter.
+  Lowen, Joseph, brewer, widow, sons and daughters.
+  Lowenberg, L., estate agent, a nephew.
+  McDonell, R. J., captain, a widow.
+  Mason, George, brickmaker, a widow.
+  McKeon, William, hotel, wife, son and daughter.
+  McLean, Alexander, son.
+  McQuade, Peter, ship chandler, son and two daughters.
+  Meldram, John H., two sons.
+  Moore, M. (Curtis & Moore), widow and two sons.
+  Mouat, William, captain _Enterprise_, sons and daughters.
+  Nesbitt, Samuel, biscuit-baker, two sons.
+  Nicholles, Doctor John, one son.
+  Pitts, John H., son and daughters.
+  Rhodes, Henry, merchant, sons and daughters.
+  Sayward, William, sons.
+  Sehl, Jacob, sons and daughters.
+  Short, Henry, sons and daughters.
+  Smith, John, carpenter, Mears Street, sons and daughters.
+  Smith, M. R., baker, sons and daughters.
+  Stahlschmidt, Thomas L., son.
+  Stemmler, Louis, upholsterer, son (spice mills).
+  Thain, Captain John, son and daughter.
+  Todd, J. H., sons and daughters.
+  Tolmie, Doctor W. F., sons and daughters.
+  Waitt, M. W., stationer, widow and two daughters.
+  Williams, John W., livery stable, widow and daughters.
+  Woods, Richard, Government clerk, sons and daughters.
+  Wootton, Henry, postmaster, sons and daughters.
+  Workman, Aaron, daughters.
+  Yates, James Stewart, two sons.
+
+Many deaths since this list was made.
+
+I must again repeat that this list of sixty-two may be augmented by
+others who were heads of families even at that time. I might take our
+own family for an example, although it does not prove the rule. It
+consisted of my father, mother and three brothers, and is represented
+in the directory by my father, Thomas L. Fawcett, and my eldest
+brother, Rowland W. Then, again, there is the Elford family, of
+father, mother, three sons and two daughters. This family is not
+recorded, and to-day there are two sons, John and Theophilus, and two
+married sisters.
+
+Among the names in the list of those living now, but not recorded, is
+a son of Abraham Belasco, tobacconist of Yates Street in 1862, by
+name David. Those interested in theatricals (and who is not?) will
+recognize the name as the prominent theatrical manager of New York. I
+little thought when going to school with him at the Collegiate
+School, under Rev. C. T. Woods, that he would be so well known a
+character as he is to-day. In closing this reminiscence I would ask
+to be pardoned for any errors or omissions, for my memory will bear
+refreshing. I also must thank my old friend Dick Hall, and others,
+for names of early pioneers who have been left out of the directory.
+
+Before closing this imperfect sketch allow me to offer a suggestion
+to the mayor and aldermen. It is that a portrait of Thomas Harris,
+the first mayor of the city, should be procured and hung in a
+prominent place in the council chamber, and this at the public
+expense. I think this would at least meet with the approval of the
+pioneers of 1862, when Mr. Harris was elected first mayor.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+SOME RECOLLECTIONS OF VICTORIA BY ONE WHO WAS THERE IN THE SIXTIES.
+
+
+On Wharf Street, from the corner of Fort, looking north to the corner
+of Yates, the buildings looked pretty much the same as now, being all
+built of brick, with the exception of the wooden one to the south of
+Sutro's wholesale tobacco warehouse on the corner of Yates and Wharf.
+This wooden building was a saloon, kept by one who formerly had been
+a prominent man politically, that is prior to 1859. I think this
+building can be identified with the Ship Inn. The two-story brick
+block to the south, erected and owned by Senator Macdonald, was
+occupied by John Wilkie, one of the earliest of our wholesale
+merchants. The next corner was Edgar Marvin's hardware store. Mr.
+Marvin and his son Eddie, who came from the States in 1864, will be
+well and favorably remembered by old-timers. He resided on Marvin's
+Hill, at the back of St. Ann's Convent. Next comes the building
+occupied by Henry Nathan, who was afterwards one of the early members
+in the Commons to represent Victoria City. He was an English Hebrew,
+and he and his father were prominent men and large property-holders
+in the city, and I have no doubt are so still. He is standing in the
+front of his office in the photo. I can well remember the day that
+Henry Nathan and the balance of the Victoria contingent left for
+Ottawa for the first time. They left on the steamer _Prince Alfred_
+from Broderick's Wharf, in the inner harbor, and there was hardly a
+square foot of room on the wharf to spare, the crowd was so great. In
+fact, half of the town went to see them off, many locking up their
+business places to do so. In the front of the next store may be seen
+Thomas Lett Stahlschmidt, who represented the English wholesale
+firm of Henderson & Burnaby. Next to Mr. Stahlschmidt is James D.
+Robinson, who was bookkeeper for J. Robertson Stewart & Co., and who
+is a resident of this city to-day, just died. Skipping the next two
+buildings, we come to the auction rooms of a well-remembered business
+man, P. M. Backus, one of the two prominent auctioneers of that time;
+the other being James A. McCrea, spoken of by my friend, Mr. Higgins,
+in one of his intensely interesting stories of early days in
+Victoria. Both he and Mr. Backus were Americans, as were so many of
+our business men of that day. Next Mr. Backus is Mr. J. R. Stewart,
+just mentioned, and on the corner is Mr. Joseph Boscowitz. They
+stand in front of the building occupied by Thomas C. Nuttall & Co.
+Mr. Nuttall I remember as the agent of the Phoenix Fire Insurance
+Company, and he did a large business in the city. Mr. Nuttall is
+still a resident, although confined to the house through illness.
+His was a familiar face on the street in those days, being a very
+energetic business man. (Since died).
+
+[Illustration: Wharf St., Northward.]
+
+Upstairs in the building was the Oddfellows' Hall, where I was
+initiated into the mysteries of Oddfellow-ship in 1868. Among the
+prominent brothers present that evening were John Weiler, James S.
+Drummond, James D. Robinson, Hinton Guild, James Gillon (manager Bank
+of British North America), Joshua Davies, Judah P. Davies, Richard
+Roberts, Joseph York, and Thomas Golden. All these prominent
+Oddfellows, with the exception of James D. Robinson and Joseph York,
+have gone to their rest. The waterfront side of Wharf Street, from
+the Hudson's Bay Company's store south, is a blank until you reach
+the old cooperage, next to the late custom house. There is an
+historic oak tree alongside the cooperage, which is said to have been
+used to tie up the Hudson's Bay Company's vessels in the earliest
+times when wharves were few and far between. Beyond the old customs
+house was Sayward's wharf and lumber yard, the lumber being brought
+by schooner and scow from the mill to Victoria. The business had not
+then attained the proportions that it has to-day under Joseph
+Sayward, son of the founder of the business, who now lives in San
+Francisco.
+
+The next view represents Government Street, east side, from the Brown
+Jug north to the St. Nicholas Building. The first building south from
+there of any prominence was that now occupied by the British Columbia
+Market, and then known as the Alhambra Building. The upper floor was
+used as a public hall, and many grand balls were given here, as well
+as other social events. The lower floor was used as Zelner's
+pharmacy, and next door by Gilmore, the clothier. Alongside and using
+the upper portion of Gilmore's Building also, is the Colonial Hotel,
+one of the swell places of that day. I next recognize the store of
+the well-known firm of W. & J. Wilson, clothiers and outfitters,
+which was then conducted by the father and uncle of the present
+proprietor, Mr. Joseph Wilson. With the exception of the Hudson's Bay
+Company, Hibben & Co. (then Hibben & Carswell) and Thomas Wilson, the
+draper, the firm of W. & J. Wilson is, so far as I can remember, the
+longest established in Victoria. I can remember being fitted
+out there on occasions as a school-boy. Their advertisement in the
+_Colonist_, with their autograph underneath, occupied part of the
+front page of the paper continuously for years.
+
+[Illustration: Government St., Northward.]
+
+The two-story wooden building in the middle of the block, between
+Trounce Alley and Fort Street, is the Hotel de France, kept by P.
+Manciet, and one of the two principal hotels of that day. Next was
+McNiff's grotto, Mon's Laundry, The Star and Garter, Thomas Wilson &
+Co., drapers, and farther on the two-story brick building, now Hibben
+& Co., and farther on south J. H. Turner & Co. Of course all will
+recognize the name as that of the Hon. J. H. Turner. The firm
+occupied the whole of the building up and downstairs, as drapers and
+carpet warehousemen, and I might state that the late Henry Brown,
+Walter Shears, late custom appraiser, and Edward White were on the
+staff. Next is one of the two meat markets, owned by Thomas Harris,
+the first mayor of Victoria. His prominent figure may be seen on the
+sidewalk looking across the street. With my mind's eye I can see him
+at the Queen's Birthday celebration on Beacon Hill. The chief event
+of the year was the racing on that day, and the mayor was an
+enthusiastic horse fancier, and a steward of the Jockey Club. These
+celebrations were nothing without Mr. Harris. The bell rings (John
+Butts was bellman) and the portly figure of Mr. Harris on horseback
+appears. "Now, gentlemen, clear the course," and then there is a
+general scattering of people outside the rails; the horses with their
+gaily dressed jockeys canter past the grandstand, make several false
+starts, and off they go for the mile heat around the hill and back to
+the grandstand. Oh, what exciting things those races were! Another
+prominent figure at these race meetings was John Howard, of
+Esquimalt. The race meetings without Messrs. Harris and Howard would
+not have been the genuine thing, and, I must not forget to mention
+Millington, who always rode Mr. Harris' horses at these meetings. I
+believe he is still in the land of the living. I would we had such
+Queen's weather as we had then. May was equal to July now for warmth,
+and with beautiful clear skies, they were days worth remembering.
+Everyone went out for the day and the hill was covered with
+picnickers. The navy was represented by bluejackets and marines by
+the hundreds, bands of music, Aunt Sally and the usual other side
+shows. And lastly, I must not forget the music. The flagships of
+those days were large three-deckers, line-of-battleships, such as the
+_Ganges_ or _Sutlej_, which would make an ordinary flagship
+look small. It was understood that the officers, being wealthy men,
+subscribed liberally towards a fine band. It was a great treat to
+hear the _Ganges'_ full band, as I have heard it in the streets
+of Victoria preceding a naval funeral to Quadra Street Cemetery, and
+very few I missed. But I have digressed and will proceed to finish
+Government Street. The corner building, now torn down to make way for
+the Five Sisters' Block, was occupied by William Searby, chemist, who
+was my Sunday School teacher. He left Victoria for San Francisco,
+and I had the pleasure of renewing his acquaintance years later,
+and, I think, he is still in business in Market Street. In the
+front of Searby's stands John Weiler, father of the Weiler brothers
+of our day. The upper portion of this building was called the
+Literary Institute, and the first I remember of Mr. Redfern was
+at an entertainment given here for some charity, when he sang that
+beautiful tenor song from "The Bohemian Girl," "Then You'll
+Remember Me," and it has been a favorite with me ever since. W. K.
+Bull, who presided over so many municipal elections, and was a very
+well-read man, also took part, giving a reading on Australia, and
+ending up with a recitation.
+
+Crossing the street, we come to the Brown Jug, the same to-day as
+then, but kept by Tommy Golden, a well-known character then. In the
+front is a hydrant with a water-cart getting its load for
+distribution through the city. The water was conveyed in wooden pipes
+from Spring Ridge and sold by the bucket, which may be seen on the
+shafts of the cart. Forty of these buckets represented one dollar.
+Opposite the Brown Jug and across the street is a vacant lot, now
+occupied by the Bank of Commerce. The opposite corner to this is also
+vacant, but soon after was built the present brick building by J. J.
+Southgate and Captain Lascelles, R.N., of the gunboat _Boxer_.
+
+[Illustration: Fort St., Eastward.]
+
+This view represents the south side of Fort Street, from the Brown
+Jug corner east. The wooden building next is a photograph gallery
+owned by Fred. Dally. He with R. Maynard were the only ones in the
+business at that time, I think. Next is Dr. Powell's residence and
+surgery; the house is not visible, being set back from the street.
+Alexander McLean's "Scotch House" clothing store is plainly seen.
+Amongst those standing in front are Mr. McLean, the proprietor; James
+Fell, who later on was mayor; William McNiffe, of the "Grotto," and
+Thomas Harris, already mentioned, who is on horseback. Above McLean's
+is Murray's Scotch bakery, where I have gone often for bread and
+shortcake. Four doors above is A. & W. Wilson's, plumbers and gas
+fitters, and Tom Wilson may be seen standing on the sidewalk--he
+is the only one of the brothers not here to-day. Next is Birmingham
+House, Kent & Evans, Charles Kent, the city treasurer, being senior
+partner. Across Broad Street is John Weiler's upholstery store. Then
+comes James Fell & Co., grocers; then M. R. Smith & Co., bakers.
+Above Douglas Street there were few or no stores. On the upper corner
+was D. Babbington Ring, an English barrister, who always walked about
+with a dog-whip in hand and several dogs after him.
+
+Above the corner lived Dr. Baillie, a cousin of Sir M. B. Begbie, who
+was afterwards drowned in South America. We come next to the
+Congregational Church, which lived a short life as a church, for Dr.
+Ash bought it and turned it into a residence, taking down the
+steeple, which may now be seen in the photo. It passed into the hands
+of Dr. Meredith Jones after Dr. Ash's death. Above this I remember
+little as to individual houses, but know that they were very
+scattered.
+
+[Illustration: Yates St., Eastward.]
+
+This view represents Yates Street, from the corner of Wharf, south
+side. I have briefly mentioned Sutro's tobacco warehouse, and this is
+the Yates Street side of it. There was a large figure of a Turk with
+a turban and large pipe as a business sign on the corner of the
+street. Next to Sutro's is Joseph Boscowitz's, the pioneer dealer in
+furs, and as may be seen he is not now far from his former place of
+business. Next door is the firm of Wolf & Morris, that I cannot now
+remember. The saloon next door was kept by Burns & Dwyer--the latter,
+I think, still lives on Pandora Street. Next door but one is William
+Dalby's saddlery shop, and he is with us to-day. Guy Huston, the
+gunsmith, occupied the next store. He was the principal gunsmith in
+the city, and his two daughters, both married to prominent men
+of business, are still residents of the city. Alfred Fellows, iron
+and hardware merchant, who comes next, was the founder of the
+business of E. G. Prior & Company. The Fashion Hotel was kept by John
+C. Keenan, an American, and was a first-class gambling house and
+dancing hall. High play was the order, and many a Cariboo miner in
+the winter months threw away his easily-got gold by the hundreds
+here. Keenan was a prominent fire chief in those days of volunteer
+firemen. Wells Fargo's Express comes next, presided over by Colonel
+Pendergast and Major Gillingham. On the arrival of a San Francisco
+steamer there was a rush to Wells Fargo's for letters, and soon after
+the receipt of the express bags at the office the place would be full
+to the doors. I might state that it was the custom then for all mail
+steamers to fire a gun on arrival, either at the mouth of the harbor
+or inside the harbor itself, so that we gathered at the post-office
+and express office soon after. Either Colonel Pendergast or Major
+Gillingham then mounted a chair and called off the addresses, and the
+letters were either flipped or passed on to their owners by those
+nearest the caller, for it seemed as if everybody knew each other.
+Twenty-five cents was the postage paid in advance. Next door is
+the telegraph office and Barnard's express. Our old friend, Robert
+McMicking, had charge of the telegraph, and maybe the express also,
+but I have forgotten. Langley & Co., the well-known druggists, I can
+remember ever since I can remember Victoria. The building is pretty
+much now as it was then, only larger. Those connected with its early
+history have passed away, excepting it may be Mr. Pimbury; Mr. A. J.
+Langley, who died in late years; Mr. Jones, who went into business in
+Cariboo and died there, and Mr. Pimbury, who went to Nanaimo
+and into business for himself. Between Langley's and the corner
+of Langley Street, was Jay & Bales' seed store. Both these early
+pioneers have gone to their rest, although the business is still
+carried on on Broad Street by Mr. Savory.
+
+On the corner is the Fardon building, which in 1859 was occupied by
+Hibben & Carswell, the beginning of the firm of T. N. Hibben & Co.
+Mr. Hibben, Mr. Carswell and Mr. Kammerer, the principals, have all
+gone to their rest, but the firm still lives and nourishes. An
+incident connected with the junior partner might here be recalled.
+One summer day Mr. Carswell, if I remember right, was one of a picnic
+party, who got lost in the woods near Muir's farm 30 miles from town,
+and the balance of the party returning to town without him, a search
+party was organized and a reward offered by Mr. Hibben for his
+partner's return. They left next morning, and after a long and strict
+search, as the party was returning to town to report their want of
+success, whom should they see ahead of them but the lost James
+Carswell, trudging along on the highroad to town. He was told that
+they were a search party sent out to look for him, and that they were
+glad they found him. "Found me!" said Mr. Carswell; "why, I am on my
+way home!" and they then proceeded to town together. When the party
+reached home Mr. Carswell was told that Mr. Hibben had sent the
+searchers, and had offered a reward for his finding. This Mr.
+Carswell objected to pay, protesting that they had not found him, but
+that he had found himself, and was on his way home when they met him.
+It caused a great deal of merriment, and was a standing joke for some
+time. An incident like this would be the talk of the town in
+those good old days, and many visits would be paid to Campbell's
+corner, kept by John Molowanski, a Russian, to hear if any news had
+been received of the lost Mr. Carswell.
+
+The first time I remember going to Hibben & Carswell's was in 1860,
+when I went to exchange a prize book I had won at school, and which
+was imperfectly bound, having several pages out of place. It was then
+I first saw Mr. Kammerer, and he informed me afterwards that he had
+just then been promoted from porter to assist in the office, and from
+this dated his rise in the firm to a partnership. Upstairs in this
+building was the Masonic hall and Fardon's photographic studio.
+Across the street are Moore & Co., druggists, an old established
+business of 1859 or '60, the present proprietor's father being the
+founder of the business. The Bank of British North America next door
+is, so far as I can remember, the pioneer bank in Victoria. I
+assisted in the assaying department for a short time in 1867. The
+next building is the famed Campbell's corner (the Adelphi). Who among
+our pioneers does not remember the genial face of Frank Campbell, his
+corner and all the associations connected with it? When was Frank not
+at the corner? I should say only when he was eating and sleeping.
+Morning, noon and until 11 o'clock at night he was on duty. All the
+births, deaths and marriages were recorded on his intelligence
+board. All the news of the day, events from abroad and at home--all
+were recorded by Frank. There never lived a better-tempered or
+so good-hearted a fellow. Before going home after a lodge or a
+political meeting the last thing was to call at the "corner" for
+the latest bit of news. It was the meeting-place of many who made
+it their headquarters. Evening after evening for years Frank
+had his audience. Everyone knew him and to know him was to like
+him--"_requiescat in pace_." Across Government Street and next to
+Zelner's drug store I see the sign of J. S. Drummond, stoves and
+tinware. He was a grand master of Oddfellows, a prominent Mason, a
+fire chief, an officer of militia, and served a term in the city
+council. Beyond Drummond's I cannot make out any more signs or
+buildings, even with the magnifying glass, and I have looked long
+and hard until my eyes ache. A deal might be written of many more
+of the old streets and their inhabitants, but it might be undertaken
+by someone else with a better memory, and who was older and took a
+prominent part in affairs of that day.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+A LITTLE MORE STREET HISTORY.
+
+
+I have before me an old photo, showing the corner of Government and
+Yates Streets, as also Yates Street to Wharf Street. It is so faded
+it is difficult to make out anything very distinctly. All the
+buildings look as if built of wood. We know there were three brick
+buildings then, which have been written of in my last article on "The
+First Victoria Directory." So I will here only mention the corner
+building, afterwards known as the Adelphi. Up to 1860 the treasury
+and other public offices did business in and about this corner; the
+whole block, Mr. Higgins states, was government buildings to the
+corner on which stands Moore & Co.'s drug store. It is of the
+treasury in 1859 I am going to speak now. The official staff at that
+time consisted of Captain Gossett, treasurer; John Cooper, chief
+clerk; John Graham, bookkeeper, and E. Evans, clerk. John Graham, of
+Simcoe Street, after many years' good work for the government and
+people, has retired. Young Evans, who was the only son of Rev. Doctor
+Evans, one of the two pioneer clergymen of the Methodist Church at
+that time, came to a tragic end while a young man. One day in the
+depth of winter, the ground covered with snow, young Evans went out
+shooting, and while walking along the beach near Clover Point, shot
+at a drove of ducks. Finding that he had shot one, and not being able
+to get it any other way, he stripped off his clothes and swam off
+for it. This in the month of December was a hazardous undertaking,
+and so it proved, for the young fellow took the cramp and was
+drowned. It was a very sad sight, so I am told by those who saw it,
+the old father walking up and down the beach all night calling for
+his son by name. In the morning the son was seen through the clear
+cold water lying on the bottom, and the body recovered. I remember
+his funeral, and to-day may be seen the granite shaft that marks his
+resting-place in the south-west corner of the Quadra Street Cemetery.
+In 1860 the staff of the treasury was sent to New Westminster, where
+they remained until 1868, when the union of the island and mainland
+took place. Some time subsequent to this removal a lot of vouchers
+and valuable papers disappeared from the treasury, having been put
+temporarily on top of the big safe. Search was made all over the
+premises, and the loss caused Captain Gossett much anxiety up to the
+time of their departure. Mr. Graham stayed behind to finish up some
+business and see to the removal of the big safe, and during the
+removal the mystery of the lost documents was solved by their
+being found behind the safe. Some time after removing to New
+Westminster, a Mr. Franks, who may be remembered by some as a very
+insignificant-looking little man, succeeded Captain Gossett as
+treasurer, and through his unpopularity with the staff, John Cooper,
+the chief clerk, resigned and went to Australia. Mr. Graham became
+chief clerk, and subsequently was appointed "officer in charge of
+the treasury." After Confederation he was appointed by the Dominion
+Government Assistant Receiver-General. I cannot do better here than
+give verbatim Mr. Graham's remarks on the subject:
+
+  "88 Simcoe St., April 20, 1904.
+
+"Dear Mr. Fawcett:--I send you these few lines to complete my rather
+disrupted memory _re_ the Victoria Treasury office. Mr.
+Alexander Calder, an ex-R. E. sergeant and a British Government
+pensioner, joined in 1860. Robert Ker was also employed for a certain
+time as clerk, but was removed to the audit office, and afterwards
+became auditor-general. Gordon was appointed treasurer of Vancouver
+Island on the exodus of the B. C. officials going to New Westminster;
+he did not continue long in the office--the truth is, there was
+something the matter with the 'chest,' and he took French leave. Mr.
+Watson succeeded him; he was clever but not very popular. In 1867 the
+island and mainland were united in one province; the officials at New
+Westminster were all sent down to Victoria. At that time I was
+'officer in charge of the treasury.' A Savings Bank Act was passed by
+the Legislature. I received from the executive council a mandate to
+establish the bank, with the head office in Victoria, and four
+branches, one each at Nanaimo, New Westminster, Yale and Cariboo. The
+bank was under commissioners, Mr. Roscoe and Mr. Langley being
+nominated to that office; their services were purely gratuitous. The
+head office of the bank was in the Treasury, but to accommodate
+working men, an office was opened at Government Street, not very far
+from Sehl's furniture store, for, I think, two hours two days in the
+week.
+
+"I do not know if I mentioned the fact that the Dominion virtually
+bought out all the depositors in the British Columbia bank. A small
+temporary office was opened at the foot of Fort Street, next to what
+was Mitchell & Johnston's feed store, which was in use until the new
+Post Office building was built; the savings bank, as you are aware,
+is now located in the grand new building at the foot of Government
+Street. If it would not be considered far-fetched I would like to
+send you a word or two on the origin of savings banks. The first
+ideas of thrift were promulgated by Daniel Defoe in 1697; it was a
+happy Socialistic discovery. In 1797 Jeremy Bentham taught the
+principles of thrift. In 1799 the first savings bank was started at
+Windover in Buckinghamshire, by the Rev. Joseph Smith. The Rev. Dr.
+Henry Duncan opened in Ruthwell, Dumfrieshire, the first savings bank
+in Scotland in 1810. Thrift is the keystone that supports the arch
+of the savings bank. The stormy petrel riding in safety on the crest
+of the wave in instinctive security, symbolizes the security of a
+depositor in a government savings bank. I do not know that I can say
+any more at present.
+
+  "John Graham."
+
+[Illustration: Theatre Royal on Government St.]
+
+This little photo shows the west side of Government Street, from Fort
+to Yates Street, as it appeared in 1863. The corner store was A.
+Rickman's grocery, then Jones' Bazaar (toys and fancy goods), then
+McNiff's saloon, next Payne's barber shop. Before going on I might,
+with Mr. Payne's permission, give a little joke on that gentleman at
+the time. The Mechanics' Institute gave an entertainment for, I
+think, the benefit of the library, and prizes were offered for the
+two best conundrums. The best was at the expense of Mr. Payne's name,
+and was "Easy Shaving by Pain" (Payne). I don't think Mr. Payne took
+the money. Then Norris & Wylly, notaries public and estate
+agents,--Mr. Wylly is still a resident of the city; Messrs. Lush and
+Zinkie, milliners; Shakespeare, photographer; Gentile, photographer
+(over the theatre), then Theatre Royal.
+
+The north-west corner of Government and Bastion Streets was the brick
+building built by Mayor Harris as a residence, and afterwards turned
+into the Bank of British Columbia. Next the bank was the _Daily
+Standard_ building, built and owned by Mr. De Cosmos; then T. L.
+Fawcett & Co., upholsterers; then T. C. Nuttall, Phoenix insurance;
+William Heathorn, bootmaker; next comes the post-office, a single
+story frame structure with a wooden awning in front, as were all
+stores in those times. Mr. Wootton was postmaster. One of the few
+brick buildings on Government Street comes next, built for and
+occupied by William Burlington Smith, and containing a public hall
+upstairs. It was in this hall that the British Columbia Pioneer
+Society was organized on the evening of April 28th, 1871, the writer
+being secretary of the meeting. Since died. William P. Sayward, who
+resides in San Francisco, and myself are the only two remaining of
+those pioneers who met in Smith's Hall that night and formed the
+first society of British Columbia Pioneers. Next we have the Adelphi
+saloon, on the site of the Government offices of 1860. This is as far
+as the photo shows, and so I must close.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+THE VICTORIA GAZETTE, 1858.
+
+
+Through the kindness of a "fifty-eighter" I am enabled to give my
+readers, especially the old-timers, some extracts from this, the
+pioneer newspaper of Victoria, if not of British Columbia. To me,
+although only a "fifty-niner," and at the time a juvenile, these
+extracts are very interesting, for I remember nearly all the
+personages mentioned, and it is the incidents that these names are
+connected with that I mention. The editors announce in this, the
+first number, that they at first intended to name their paper The
+_Anglo-American_, but on second thought changed it to the
+_Victoria Gazette_, as more appropriate. The editors and
+proprietors were Williston & Bartlett, and the paper was a
+semi-weekly. To show the primitive and makeshift nature of things in
+early Victoria I will quote the first local item: "It is cheering to
+note the increase in frame and canvas buildings that are springing
+up."
+
+Mr. Thomas Harris, of the Queen's market, is the first to open a
+butcher shop in the Island.
+
+The arrival of the first batch of Chinese by the steamer
+_Oregon_. The sign of the first to go into business appears as
+"Chang Tsoo," washing and ironing.
+
+The beautiful view of the Olympic range covered with snow, as seen
+from Government Street, is commented on as a sight worth seeing.
+
+Another item informs its readers that twenty vessels were advertised
+in San Francisco as on the berth for Victoria.
+
+A most important announcement is that up to the present time there
+were no taxes levied in Victoria, except as liquor licenses. To sell
+retail the privilege cost $600 per annum, and for a wholesale license
+100 pounds or $485.
+
+In nearly every number there is a cry of "No water; who will dig the
+first artesian well? In case there should be a fire how was it to be
+put out?" Then a suggestion of a public meeting to consider the
+important question, and a petition to Governor Douglas to have large
+tanks erected at the foot of Johnson Street, near the bridge, and to
+have salt water pumped up. Then a fire engine is asked for. In fact
+Governor Douglas seems to have been appealed to for everything they
+wanted, and in this instance he seems to have been the right man to
+appeal to, as will be seen later.
+
+In a later edition is the announcement of the arrival of the steamer
+_Oregon_ from San Francisco with mail, express and 1,900
+passengers.
+
+Alex. C. Anderson is appointed collector of customs by Governor
+Douglas.
+
+The Governor has ordered two fire engines from San Francisco, and
+still the cry is "Water! water!" "Dig wells, citizens, we must have a
+supply." The editor seems to have water on the brain. It is suggested
+that there be an ordinance compelling people to have so many buckets
+of water alongside each tent.
+
+The council have ordered the removal of all bodies from the cemetery
+on Johnson and Douglas Streets to the new cemetery on Quadra Street.
+
+July 7th.--Complaints are made that a fence obstructs View
+Street, so that pedestrians have to go along Broad to Yates or Fort,
+and down these streets to reach Government. This obstruction does
+not seem to have been removed permanently, for Hibben & Co.'s store
+occupies this lot, and before the brick one was erected there was
+a large wooden building then owned by J. J. Southgate. That it was
+not intended that View Street should end at Broad is evident, as
+Bastion Street was then known as View Street, being so-called in
+Mallandaine's first directory in 1860.
+
+Another petition to Governor Douglas. This one by the local clergy to
+have a branch of the Y. M. C. A. instituted in Victoria.
+
+The steamers _Orizaba_ and _Cortez_ have arrived with the
+large number of 2,800 passengers.
+
+Proceedings of the House of Assembly.--Present: J. D. Pemberton,
+James Yates, J. Kennedy, J. W. McKay, T. J. Skinner and Speaker
+Helmcken. The latter gentleman asked to be relieved of the
+Speakership for reasons he has already stated. After a discussion on
+the subject it was decided that the Speaker be not allowed to retire,
+and the honorable gentleman continued to act.
+
+The paper complains that the P. M. S. Co.'s steamers have lately
+dumped Victoria passengers at Esquimalt and carried the freight to
+Bellingham Bay, and after unloading Bellingham Bay freight have come
+back to Esquimalt with the Victoria freight. In consequence of this
+arrangements were to be made so that the steamers land the Victoria
+freight in our harbor.
+
+The Freemasons are invited to meet at Southgate's new store on Monday
+evening, July 12th, at 7 o'clock, to consider important matters
+connected with the organization of the order.
+
+Three thousand five hundred mining licenses have so far been granted.
+
+In a cutting from a European paper there is an item to the effect
+that it was generally understood that the Queen's family name was
+Guelph, but that such was not the case, as that was the name of a
+religious faction of which the Elector of Hanover was the head, but
+that the real name of the family was "D'este."
+
+Wells, Fargo & Co. will soon open a bank.
+
+Collector Anderson notifies the public that all necessary provisions
+for miners for personal use may be taken up the Fraser River free.
+
+It is announced that Rev. E. Cridge holds service every Sunday
+afternoon on Wharf Street, opposite the Fort gate.
+
+In consequence of the reduction in the price of lumber to $50 per
+1,000 feet, houses are springing up everywhere.
+
+Governor Douglas has appointed Mr. Augustus Pemberton commissioner of
+police.
+
+Theatricals are held in a mammoth tent, as there is so far no
+theatre.
+
+One of the fire engines, named "Telegraph," bought by the Governor,
+has arrived from San Francisco, the cost of which is $1,600.
+
+There has not been a death from natural causes in the city during the
+last thirty days.
+
+The _Gazette_ having received an Adams power press, the paper
+will be issued daily in future, and the proprietors look for a
+recognition of their enterprise. The rates are $20 per annum or
+12-1/2c. per copy.
+
+The First Brick Building.--This matter may now be considered settled
+by this item, which reads: "Our first brick building is about
+completed, and is to be opened as a hotel" (referring to the
+Victoria.)
+
+The first steamer to reach Fort Yalo is the _Umatilla_, 21st
+July, 1858.
+
+The streets of Victoria have not yet been sprinkled, and there are
+many complaints from shopkeepers as to the damage their goods receive
+from dust. Why not use salt water, if fresh cannot be had?
+
+Roussett is building a wharf at the foot of View Street, and Chas. B.
+Young one at the foot of Johnson. The former of these items would be
+hard to understand by people of the present day, "at the foot of View
+Street." This is, I think, the explanation. As originally laid out
+View Street extended from above Cook Street to Wharf Street, and
+would to-day were it not that Hibben & Co.'s building or stores stand
+in the way. On July 7th, as already mentioned in this article, the
+_Gazette_ stated that there was great dissatisfaction at the
+fencing of the vacant lot on Broadway (Broad Street), opposite View,
+which they stated was used as a "cabbage patch," and there was talk
+of pulling the fence down. All the agitation seems to have amounted
+to nothing, for not only was the fence not pulled down, but J. J.
+Southgate, one of the earliest merchant emigrants, erected a large
+wooden building on the street. By referring to the engraving this
+building may be seen; later on J. J. Southgate erected the present
+brick building. The paper stated later that the Governor had sold the
+lot to Southgate, and that settled the matter.
+
+Sheriff Muir announces by advertisement that anyone found with
+firearms on their person would be arrested and punished.
+
+A salute was fired from the fort bastions on the arrival of
+Governor F. McMullen, of Washington Territory, accompanied by
+Governor Douglas, who had met the American Governor at Esquimalt,
+this being a friendly visit to our Governor.
+
+In future Sheriff Muir will arrest all gamblers.
+
+An Indian, convicted of stealing, was tied up in the fort grounds and
+received twelve lashes by Sheriff Muir.
+
+Captain William Brotchie has been appointed harbor master for
+Victoria by Governor Douglas.
+
+An exclusive grant was made by the Legislature to a company to supply
+Victoria with water for ten years.
+
+The fare by steamer from San Francisco to Victoria is $30.
+
+A fire occurred in the ravine on Johnson Street, which destroyed a
+canvas house tent and contents.
+
+Two fire engines have arrived, and a petition is being signed to the
+Governor, praying him to organize a volunteer fire department under
+an officer appointed by himself.
+
+A regular stage now plies between Victoria and the naval station,
+leaving Bayley's Hotel, corner Yates and Government Streets
+(Pritchard House corner), hourly, the fare being one dollar each way.
+
+The following gentlemen call a public meeting by advertisement to
+organize a volunteer fire department: M. F. Truett, J. J. Southgate,
+A. Kaindler, A. H. Guild, Charles Potter, Samuel Knight and J. N.
+Thain. This was the initial movement to form the volunteer fire
+department which did such good service for thirty years afterwards.
+
+"July 28th, 1858.--The steamer _Wilson G. Hunt_ left San
+Francisco to ply in these waters." Where is she now? and how old is
+she?
+
+At the public meeting called to organize a volunteer fire
+department M. F. Truett was called to the chair, E. E. Eyres was
+elected secretary, and the following working committee was appointed:
+Jas. Yates, Chas. A. Bayley, J. H. Doan, Leopold Lowenberg, Rousett,
+Truett and Myers. The Hunneman engine to be known as No. 1 and the
+Telegraph as No. 2. The committee were to select one hundred men to
+each engine to form the companies. The first meeting of No. 2 company
+called, and the notice is signed by H. J. Labatt, W. F. Bartlett, J.
+W. Turnbull and David Green.
+
+Albert H. Guild calls a meeting of all Oddfellows in good standing to
+meet on July 5th, at which it was decided that a register of all
+Oddfellows should be kept; a weekly meeting was to be held each
+Wednesday evening at eight o'clock over Guild & Webb's store, corner
+Wharf and Fort Streets; C. Bartlett, secretary. From this meeting of
+a few members of this most beneficent order has sprung into existence
+forty-two lodges scattered all over the province, with a total
+membership of 3,527, and I am afraid that to-day not one of those
+faithful few brothers of the mystic three links survives.
+
+August 4th, 1858.--The first arrival of the steamer _Pacific_ in
+Victoria harbor is announced.
+
+The Public Examination of Craigflower Colonial School
+(Midsummer).--In the absence of the Governor, Rev. Edward Cridge
+examined the pupils, and prizes were presented to Jessie McKenzie,
+Wm. Lidgate, Christine Veitch and Dorothea McKenzie. The prizes were
+donated by the Governor. Old-timers will remember these names well.
+
+Married by Rev. E. Cridge, Wm. Reid to Margaret Work.
+
+First trip of the steamer _Leviathan_ to Puget Sound, Captain
+Titcombe. This leviathan of the deep was so small that she was
+hoisted on the deck of a steamer from San Francisco, and so arrived
+from that place.
+
+The paper announces that over one hundred vessels from all parts were
+then on the berth for Victoria, and what was to be done to find
+wharfage room for so many in Victoria harbor?
+
+Fire Engine Company No. 1 held its first meeting at the American
+Saloon, August 6th, 1858. J. H. Kent was elected president and
+Charles R. Nichols secretary. The American Saloon was on Yates
+Street, and I think was kept by Thos. Burnes, who for years was a
+most enthusiastic fireman.
+
+An editorial calls for the establishment of a public hospital, a jail
+and a deadhouse (the latter seems a strange want, at least an urgent
+one). The present jail is too small, and coroner's inquests have to
+be held in the open air in front of the jail; the jury stand around
+the corpse, some leaning against it, spread on some boards, and the
+coroner sits on the top of an empty barrel (very primitive).
+
+The public examination of Victoria Colonial school (on the site of
+Central School). Rev. E. Cridge and the master, Jno. Kennedy,
+examined the pupils. Prizes were given to David Work, Wm. Leigh and
+James Pottinger. Six months later the writer was a pupil of this
+school.
+
+Birth.--August 12th, 1858, the wife of Wm. A. Mouatt, of a daughter.
+
+Married.--Same date, Edward Parsons, H. M. S. _Satellite_, to
+Emma, eldest daughter of James Thorn.
+
+Improvements.--Since 12th June there have been two hundred and fifty
+brick and wooden houses erected in the city.
+
+A writer thinks it time that Victoria's streets were named and an
+official map made.
+
+A. Pemberton, commissioner of police, notifies the public that no
+more canvas or wood and canvas houses will be allowed, as they are a
+public nuisance.
+
+August 24th, 1858.--The stern wheeler _Enterprise_ has arrived
+from Astoria, Capt. Thomas Wright, master. She is to run on the
+Fraser River to Langley.
+
+An open letter to Rev. E. Cridge appears in the _Gazette_ from
+an indignant American, who, with his family, had attended Rev. Mr.
+Cridge's preachings, and who now feels insulted at the treatment he
+received lately by the sexton showing a negro into the same pew
+occupied by himself and family, also treating other respectable
+Americans in the same way. He further stated that, the day being
+warm, the peculiar odor was very objectionable, so that several
+Americans left before the service was over.
+
+A day or two later this is answered by a letter signed M. G. W., who
+was a colored grocer of Yates Street (Lester & Gibbs). He was a
+clever writer, and handled the gentleman, Mr. Sharpstone, without
+gloves, saying some very pertinent as well as impertinent things,
+taking especial exception to the reference of Mr. Sharpstone to the
+peculiar odor and perspiration.
+
+Mr. Cridge appears with a letter, throwing oil on the troubled
+waters, and the editor thinks enough has been said.
+
+The arrival of the steamer _Otter_ with news of a massacre of
+forty-five miners at Fort Hope by Indians; the news is considered of
+doubtful truth.
+
+There is a project to build a bridge across French Ravine, where
+Store Street passes over it. Was this ever done, or was it filled in
+instead? Who can answer?
+
+House of Assembly, Aug. 26th, 1858.--Petition from Nelson & Sons for
+exclusive privilege to supply city with water from a spring two miles
+to northeast of city, at the rate of 1-1/2 cents per gallon, and a
+free supply to the Hudson's Bay Company; also a petition from Hy.
+Toomy & Co., to light the town with gas. Mr. Pemberton gave notice of
+a resolution to provide for the erection of a bridge at Point Ellice;
+also a petition from Edward Stamp to grant him the privilege of
+bringing water into Victoria by means of pipes along the streets.
+
+A Chinaman (one of the first batch to arrive) was found shot dead
+with five bullets in his body. He was on his way to a spring to fetch
+a bucket of water, and had to pass a camp of miners. Further comment
+unnecessary.
+
+A change of ownership of the _Gazette_ is announced, and Abel
+Whitton becomes proprietor.
+
+A notice appears that all persons requiring seats in Victoria
+District Church should apply to J. Farquhar, in the Fort.
+
+Bayley's Hotel, corner Yates and Government Streets, J. C. Keenan,
+proprietor. Board $15 a week.
+
+A cricket match between H. M. S. _Satellite's_ and Victoria
+elevens at Beacon Hill.
+
+"Tipperary Bill" shoots a man at this cricket match and kills him. He
+is still at large.
+
+September 14th, 1858.--News just arrived of the laying of the
+Atlantic cable, and a salute of twenty-one guns to be fired from the
+Fort.
+
+There have been 344 houses erected in Victoria in three months.
+
+New Map of City Issued.--The first three streets named after the
+three Governors--Quadra, Blanchard and Douglas. Secondly, after
+distinguished navigators on the coast--Vancouver and Cook. Thirdly,
+after the first ships to visit these waters--Discovery, Herald and
+Cormorant. Fourthly, after Arctic adventurers--Franklin, Kane,
+Bellot and Rae; and fifthly, after Canadian cities, lakes and
+rivers--Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, St. Lawrence, Ottawa, Superior
+and Ontario.
+
+[Illustration: Inside Fort from Wharf St.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+VICTORIA IN 1859-1860.
+
+
+I have before me an old picture of Victoria as it appeared in 1860.
+It is a watercolor sketch, drawn and colored by H. O. Tedieman, C.E.,
+and artist. For me this picture has a great fascination, because it
+reminds me of those days gone by--"those good old days," as an old
+friend of those pioneer days remarked to me recently. A prettier
+place could not be imagined, with its undulating ground covered with
+grass relieved by spreading oaks and towering pines.
+
+By the aid of this picture and information furnished me by Colonel
+Wolfenden and Mr. Harry Glide, I am enabled to give a pen-picture of
+the Queen City of the West forty-four years ago. Colonel Wolfenden
+says that when he first remembers James Bay he saw a gang of
+Indians--it may be one hundred--under "Grizzly" Morris, a contractor,
+and superintended by H. O. Tedieman, with pick, shovel and
+wheelbarrow making Belleville Street along the water and in front of
+the Government building. The sea beach then came up in front of the
+large trees on the Government grounds, about eighty or one hundred
+feet further inland. All this space was filled or reclaimed from the
+sea by the Indians. I might say that Chinese were almost as rare in
+those days in Victoria as Turks. Indians performed all manual
+labor--in fact were to that day what John Chinaman is to this. James
+Bay bridge, which was just built, looks a very frail structure
+in this picture, and must have been, as Colonel Wolfenden says,
+intended for passenger and light vehicular traffic, there being
+nothing to cause heavy traffic over the bay, the only houses of any
+moment being the pagoda-like buildings erected in 1859 for the
+Government, and replaced by the present palatial buildings, of which
+there were five. In addition to these I see the residence of Governor
+Douglas and Dr. Helmcken, Captain Mouat and City Clerk Leigh. There
+was also a good-sized house on Beckley Farm, corner of Menzies
+Street, in charge of John Dutnall and wife. Across Menzies Street
+there is the cottage now owned and occupied by Mr. Jesse Cowper,
+since dead, which was then occupied by John Tait of the Hudson's Bay
+Company's service, and who was an enthusiastic volunteer of the white
+blanket uniforms of 1861.
+
+[Illustration: Government buildings, 1859-60.]
+
+I see what I think was the residence of W. A. Young, on Superior
+Street, who was Colonial Secretary, and whose wife was a daughter of
+Chief Justice Cameron. If this is the place I see, it is still
+standing, and for years was the residence of the late Andrew J.
+Smith. To the right of the Government buildings is an isolated
+cottage which I believe is still in the land of the living, being
+built of corrugated iron, brought out from England by Captain
+Gossett, who in 1859 was colonial treasurer, mention of whom will be
+made later on. From Mr. Leigh's residence, which with Captain Mouat's
+was on the site of Belleville Street, until you come to St. John
+Street, there is a blank. On the corner is the house built and
+occupied by Captain Nagle, now occupied by Mr. Redfern, and across
+the street another built by James N. Thain and now occupied by Mr.
+George Simpson of the customs. From this on to the outer dock I
+see three isolated houses, that still remain. The large one was built
+and occupied by Mr. Laing of "Laing's Ways," the pioneer shipbuilder;
+another by Captain H. McKay, the sealer captain; the third was built
+out of the upper works of the wrecked steamer _Major Tomkins_, the
+first steamer to run from Olympia to Victoria. She was wrecked off
+Macaulay Point in 1856. Mr. Laing bought the upper works and built
+this house. Lumber in those days had mostly to be imported from
+San Francisco--that is, the wood for fine work. Mr. Muir, of Sooke,
+bought the boilers and engines, which he put into a sawmill he built
+there, and good service they gave for years. Before the road opposite
+the Government grounds, which is now Belleville Street, was reclaimed
+from the sea, there was an Indian trail which ran through the woods,
+from Laing's Ways, in the direction of town along the water-front,
+around the head of the bay to Humboldt Street. I might say that the
+plat of ground on which the Government buildings were built in 1859
+was bought from a French-Canadian who came overland from Montreal,
+and although in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company for years,
+either could not or would not speak a word of English other than
+"yes" or "no." He built his house here and lived here until he sold
+out to the Government, the house being afterwards used as a
+Government tool house.
+
+[Illustration: First bridge over James Bay.]
+
+Mr. Harry Glide, from whom I got these particulars, is a pioneer of
+1856, and lived near the outer wharf. He married a daughter of Mr.
+Laing. He says all James Bay from the bridge to the mouth of the
+harbor was covered with pine trees, and all this land, together with
+that facing Dallas Road up to Beacon Hill, was called Beckley Farm.
+The greater part of all these trees were cut down for Kavaunah, a man
+whom many will remember as having a woodyard about where the
+James Bay Athletic Association now stands.
+
+Mr. Glide says that there were quite a lot of Cherokee Indians here
+who came from their native land to the coast of British Columbia for
+work, and a fine body of men he says they were, most of them over six
+feet and strongly built. It does seem strange that they should have
+travelled so far from their homes and country. There were also many
+Kanakas here, who came on vessels from Honolulu at odd times. They
+formed a small colony and located on Kanaka Road, or Humboldt Street,
+as it is now called. I can remember them in 1860, one family
+attending service at Christ Church regularly.
+
+The most prominent building in sight is Victoria District Church, as
+it stands out in relief on Church Hill. When I first went there as a
+boy, it was a most primitive-looking building, with its low steeple
+or dovecote (as it looked like). There were two bells in this
+steeple, one larger than the other, which sounded ding dong, ding
+dong, many a year, until early one morning James Kennedy, an old
+friend of mine, as he was going home saw flames issuing from the
+roof.
+
+He gave the alarm, and shortly after the whole town was there, and
+the engines with volunteer firemen. Nothing could save it though, as
+it was summer-time and very dry, and it was not more than an hour or
+two before it had disappeared. The other day I had the pleasure of
+meeting one of my schoolfellows of 1859, Ernest A. Leigh, of San
+Francisco, a son of the second city clerk of Victoria, and who was
+here on a visit to his niece, Mrs. George Simpson (customs). We of
+course had a long talk over old times, the days of yore, the days of
+'59. In looking over this old picture he exclaimed, "There is the
+old church we went to! My father built it," and then I remembered the
+fact. Well can I remember the old church, with its old-fashioned
+windows, seats and gallery, and its organ that stood in the gallery,
+facing the congregation. When I first remembered it, Mrs. Atwood, now
+Mrs. Sidney Wilson, was organist, and I was organ-blower. Originally
+it was played as a barrel organ, as it contained three barrels which
+contained ten tunes each, but Mr. Seeley, the owner and proprietor of
+the Australian House, at the north end of James Bay bridge, made and
+adapted a keyboard to it, and Mrs. Wilson played it in the morning
+and in the afternoon. In the evening the keyboard was removed, and
+your humble servant ground out the hymn tunes as on a barrel organ.
+
+It was in this gallery that I first met John Butts we have heard so
+much of through Mr. Higgins. I remember Butts as a sleek,
+respectable-looking young fellow with a nice tenor voice, which he
+was not afraid to use, and he was quite an addition to the choir, of
+which I was a juvenile member. In after years John fell from grace
+and gave up the choir, and might have been heard singing as he walked
+along the street, and not above taking fifty cents from someone well
+able to give it. He was always cheerful and goodnatured, and if a
+child were lost John would ring his bell and walk up and down calling
+out the fact.
+
+This view of the old city is taken from the rocks on the Indian
+reserve, and in the foreground is a large building which occupied the
+site of the present marine hospital. When first I remember this
+building it was used as a lunatic asylum. It is the only prominent
+building shown on the reserve, with the exception of the Indian
+lodges, which by the extent might accommodate easily two
+thousand Indians. The harbor is full of shipping, taking up the whole
+frontage from the Hudson's Bay Company's wharf north, which is the
+only one distinctly to be seen in the view. The vessels reach to the
+bridge across the harbor.
+
+At anchor is the historic _Beaver_, and steaming out of the
+harbor is the British steamer _Forward_. On the Hudson's Bay
+Company's wharf is a large shed or house. I do not see the present
+brick building, which was not built then (1859), but Mr. Glide says
+in a large shed on this wharf the _British Colonist_ first saw
+the light, the advance sheets being printed here in 1858. When the
+shed was torn down a little over a year ago there were brought to
+light a number of old letters, which was a good find for the man who
+had the job of taking the shed down, for there were lots of old
+Vancouver Island stamps on these letters.
+
+The _Colonist_ was moved from here to Wharf Street, about where
+the Macdonald block now stands. Also Wells, Fargo's express first did
+business in this shed, then moved to Yates Street, where it was
+located in a building, the lumber for which was imported from San
+Francisco, being redwood. This building was afterwards moved to
+Langley, between Bastion and Fort, and used as a feed store by Turner
+& Todd, whom we all know.
+
+An incident by my schoolfellow Ernest Leigh, of Upland Farm in 1859,
+finishes this reminiscence.
+
+Killing of Capt. Jack.
+
+Referring to Mr. Higgins' most interesting account of the killing of
+the noted Indian chieftain, "Captain Jack," at the Victoria jail in
+the year 1860--the result of this shooting was to set the Indians
+over on the reserve wild with excitement, which condition was aided
+by a plentiful supply of infernal firewater obtained from the
+notorious wholesale joint at the end of the Johnson Street bridge.
+They immediately decided to start in their canoes up along the
+straits toward Saanich, calling at the many farms and wreaking their
+vengeance upon the settlers. A man was sent out from the fort on
+horseback to warn the farmers. At the Uplands Farm at Cadboro Bay,
+where the late William Leigh and family were residing, there were
+some seventeen people--men, women and children. When the warning came
+a hasty consultation was had, Mr. Leigh being away on business, as to
+whether it would be best to load up the wagons and all move in to the
+fort, or to barricade the house and run chances of being burned out,
+or to hide away in the forest behind the farm. The latter course was
+finally decided upon, and with a supply of blankets, mats and wraps,
+for protection against the cold, a movement was made down into a
+heavily wooded ravine about half a mile back of the farm, where,
+hidden under the spreading branches of a large pine, the party made
+themselves as comfortable as they could, the women and children
+huddled close under the tree and the men and elder boys mounting
+guard on the outer edge. Some of them were perched in the lower
+branches with whatever arms they had been able to secure, principally
+old Hudson Bay flintlock muskets.
+
+It was very dark and gloomy in the ravine, which was heavily timbered
+with a pine forest, and the concealed partly expected that at any
+time the Indians might arrive and fire the farm buildings, and
+perhaps search for them.
+
+Just before dawn several dark forms were seen by the best-sighted
+of the men on watch, creeping cautiously up the ravine towards
+the hiding-place. The cracking of twigs and an occasional grunt
+were heard, and we knew the Indians were approaching. Word was
+passed not to fire until our leader gave the signal, which was
+finally given. Two of the old flintlocks went off, the others missed
+fire. One of the bullets struck one of a drove of pigs which were
+quietly feeding up the ravine and which in our terror we took for the
+foe. The squeals of the wounded pig frightened the others, and the
+whole drove came charging and squealing up the ravine right through
+our camp, tumbling over men, women and children, whose screams, added
+to the noise of the pigs, made matters a trifle lively until the
+enemy went by. The morning growing bright, and no Indians appearing,
+a cautious approach was made to the farm, and shortly after a runner
+came from the fort with word that the Indians had taken to their
+canoes the night before and had started out, but had been turned back
+by the gunboat which was on watch, and they were not allowed to leave
+the outer harbor, so our terror was without cause.
+
+(Note.--I saw the arrest of the Indian chief "Captain Jack," and
+heard the shot fired by Constable Taylor that killed him, as I stood
+outside the outer entrance to the gaol.--E. F.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+FIRES AND FIREMEN.
+
+
+I had intended telling what I knew of the fires of early Victoria,
+but when I sat down to put to paper what I know of any noted fires, I
+first realized how little there was to tell of that dread element's
+ravages in early Victoria. But although there is not so much to tell
+of great fires, there is a good deal to be said of the men who
+prevented those fires becoming great, so I decided to go on with my
+subject.
+
+For a city of its size and age, there could not be one more immune
+from fires. Was it the fir of which we built most of our principal
+buildings? Some contend it was. The Douglas fir was hard to burn, and
+the honesty of those fir-built houseowners no doubt was also a
+reason. In the _Victoria Gazette_ of 1858 there are many
+references to the subject of fires that might occur, and also to the
+fact that there is no water to put out a fire should one occur. Then
+the editor suggests a public meeting to consider the important
+subject and also as to the building of large tanks to hold salt water
+at the bottom of Johnson Street. Subsequently Governor Douglas is
+petitioned to procure a fire engine, with the result that he ordered
+two. Later one of these engines, named the "Telegraph," arrived from
+San Francisco, and I believe was second-hand, as the price paid was
+$1,600. Another petition was sent to the Governor to organize a fire
+department under an officer appointed by himself. Soon after a
+public meeting was called by advertisement by the following
+gentlemen to organize: M. F. Truett, J. J. Southgate, A. Kaindler,
+A. H. Guild, Chas. Potter, Samuel Knight and J. N. Thain. This was
+the initial movement to form a volunteer fire department.
+
+At a subsequent meeting, E. E. Eyres was appointed secretary, and the
+following a working committee: James Yates (father of Alderman
+Yates); Chas. A. Bayley, hotel-keeper, corner Yates and Government
+Streets; Capt. J. H. Doan, since died (his daughter is still a
+resident); Leopold Lowenberg, a real estate agent, and uncle of Carl
+Lowenberg, German consul; and Roussett, Truett and Myers. This
+committee was to select one hundred men to each engine to form the
+companies. The first meeting of No. 2 engine was called and the
+notice is signed by David Green (clothier, whose widow is still a
+resident), H. J. Labatt, W. F. Bartlett and J. W. Turnbull. The first
+meeting of Engine No. 1 was called to meet at the business place of
+Thomas J. Burnes, August 6th, 1858 (customs staff.) His photo, taken
+in 1860 by Robinson (over Theatre Royal), is here reproduced, showing
+he has been elected foreman of his company. Mr. Burnes was a most
+enthusiastic fireman for many years after this. The photo of Jno. C.
+Keenan of same date is also given. He was another good fireman.
+(Note.--Both these photos have been lost.--E. F.)
+
+[Illustration: Hook and Ladder Company.]
+
+A picture is here reproduced of a May Day parade of Victoria's
+volunteer firemen of forty years ago. I am sorry I am not able to
+give the names of more of those in line, but the photo is so old it
+is hard to make them out. Would you believe it, May Day was a general
+holiday, and set apart as "Fireman's" day, and celebrated with a
+parade and picnic, either at Medana's Grove or Cook and North Park
+Streets. The weather was usually fine with the warm sunshine of
+spring. I hear the gong of the engines as the procession moves
+along--the hook and ladder company, the Tigers and the Deluge
+company, all decorated with flowers, flags and evergreens. Under a
+canopy of flowers sits a beautiful little girl as the "May Queen."
+On each side and following behind march those who have constituted
+themselves the salvors of their fellow-citizens' property and life.
+Among these men were some of our prominent business men, merchants,
+tradesmen and professional men, as well as workingmen. Would the
+citizens of the present day believe that these men had banded
+themselves together, put their hands in their pockets to build
+engine-houses and equip engines, had given their time, either by
+night or day, attending fires, and had paid monthly dues to keep the
+concern going, and all without fee or reward? It is even so, and no
+night was too cold or wet to keep these men from their duty. The
+picture I produce of the "Hook and Ladders" in a May Day parade
+of 1862 was taken from the original, and is here produced by the
+kindness of Mr. Fred Morison (customs). He was then a torch boy and
+continued a volunteer fireman for nearly thirty years. On account of
+the age of the photo the faces are rather indistinct, so that some of
+those present cannot be recognized. I should like to have known who
+the six or seven boys are, and whether they are with us to-day, but I
+make out of those present: Robt. Homfray, C.E.; J. D. Edgar, of Edgar
+& Aime; Richard Lewis, undertaker; Murray Thain, now of Moodyville;
+Henry and Robert Thain; Louis Vigelius, barber; Philip J. Hall, the
+banner-bearer; W. T. Liveock, Chief Factor of Hudson's Bay
+Company; Fred. Morison, customs, torch boy; Wolff, merchant, of Yates
+Street; E. Grancini, merchant, Wharf Street; Wm. Harrison, now of
+Saanich, and J. R. Anderson, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, secretary.
+
+On reading Mr. Levy's interesting sketch appended, I see that the
+Hotel de France was also destroyed by fire, and, being built of
+California redwood, was entirely consumed.
+
+[Illustration: Colonial Hotel.]
+
+The first mention of a fire that is recorded in public print is taken
+from the _Victoria Gazette_ in 1858. It is that of one of those
+primitive erections, a house-tent, with the contents thereof. At that
+time Victoria was covered in all directions, I am told, with canvas
+houses. In February, 1859, there were a great many, I know. As a
+member of the Victoria fire department, hook and ladder company, I
+attended many fires, but they were small comparatively. The
+destruction of the Colonial Hotel on Government Street, as here
+produced, is one of them. The Colonial was situated on Government
+Street, between the Alhambra building on the corner of Yates and the
+San Francisco baths (then kept by an old fireman, Thos. Geiger),
+occupying also the upper portion of the building now used as a music
+store by Fletcher Bros. The old photos of the Colonial show the hotel
+before and after the fire. Sosthenes Driard, who was subsequently
+proprietor of the Driard House, was the proprietor, and Mons.
+Hartangle, who was afterwards co-partner with Driard in the Driard
+House, was chief cook. He may be seen standing in front of Alex.
+Gilmore's clothing store (now Fletcher's); also a man with crutches,
+nicknamed "Pegleg Smith," who was an M.P.P. of that day, and behind
+him is, I think, your humble servant. Further south, and on the
+same side as the Colonial, was the Hotel de France, Manciet and Bigne,
+proprietors. Of this hotel I have a vivid recollection, as I paid
+several visits there with my mother when I was a boy. She had heard of a
+sick miner (maybe from Cariboo) who lay there dying. His physician, Dr.
+Powell, had done all he could for him, and he knew his end was not far
+off. He had, like hundreds of others, risked his precious health for
+gold, had been successful, and now was to leave this beautiful world and
+the gold with it. My mother thought it her duty to go and see him, read
+to him, and tell him of the better world beyond. So one Sunday afternoon
+she went, and I with her, to carry some little delicacy which he might
+not be able to get in the usual way. She got sufficient encouragement to
+go again and again, until the end came, and my mother was satisfied that
+she had done him some good spiritually. To come back to fires. There was
+the fire in Theatre Royal, after the play of the "Octoroon." Although
+the theatre was gutted, it was not consumed, the reason being partly,
+no doubt, that it was built of Douglas fir logs. The surroundings being
+of a most inflammable nature, this was very surprising. I might also
+instance the first and second fires at Christ Church, the second of
+which only was successful in consuming the building. It was the custom
+for every citizen present to lend a helping hand when a fire was of any
+dimensions. It was only doing for another what you might want yourself
+next week. If the fire was in the business portion of the city the
+stores on the opposite side of the street were thrown open to receive
+goods from the burning building, which were carried by many willing
+helpers. Oh, the good old days! As I have stated in a former
+article, the bluejackets from the war vessels at Esquimalt were
+telephoned for, and ran all the way up and worked like the
+bluejackets always do--with all their heart and soul. I might go on
+discoursing on these incidents of bygone days, but as Mr. H. E. Levy,
+one of the pioneer firemen, has promised to add to this imperfect
+account, I shall leave the fires and say something of the firemen. I
+would draw the attention of my readers to the picture of a May Day
+parade in 1862. It is the Union Hook and Ladder Company, drawn up on
+Bastion Square with their truck.
+
+The Pioneer Engines.
+
+(By H. E. Levy.)
+
+"First in order comes the Union Hook and Ladder Company, a very swell
+affair, composed of the leading merchants of the city, sixty-five
+strong. They were first located on the present site of the Board of
+Trade building, then removing to Government Street to the spot on
+which now stands the new Promis building. Next came the Deluge Engine
+Company, No. 1, who ran a very cumbrous Hunneman tub, made in Boston,
+afterwards securing a Merryweather steam engine from England. This
+company also consisted of sixty-five men, and were first located
+about where the Poodle Dog now stands, moving thence to that point on
+Yates Street now occupied by the Maynard shoe store, again moving to
+their own building on the north side of Yates Street east of Broad.
+Next comes the Tiger Engine Company, No. 21, first located on Johnson
+Street, next to where the Jubilee saloon now stands, and afterwards
+moving to the north side of Johnson, just above Government. This
+company commenced business with an old double-decker that was brought
+up from San Francisco by the Hudson's Bay Company, and was there
+known as Telegraph No. 1. This machine was very similar to the one
+brought here last summer by the San Francisco veterans; it was
+succeeded later by an up-to-date 'Button and Blake' hand engine,
+and still later by a fine steamer from the same firm. These three
+companies were very effective and presented a fine appearance in
+their semi-military uniforms, as they turned out in full force on
+their gala day, the first of May.
+
+"On the arrival of the steam fire engines, six of the younger members
+of each company were taught to manage the same, and soon became
+proficient as engineers. Each company sent three members to the board
+of delegates, who made laws for the entire department. Whether owing
+to good luck or good management, we had very few large fires in those
+days, the most notable being the Rosedale store, owned by Reid and
+McDonald, on the north-east corner of Bastion and Wharf Streets; the
+Sam Price warehouse, then used as a lodging-house, opposite the
+Occidental Hotel--this fire brought out for the first time the Tiger
+steam engine, with Mr. H. E. Levy (one of the engineer class) at the
+throttle. Another large fire not to be overlooked was the Hotel de
+France on Government Street, nearly opposite Bastion. It is a notable
+fact that a great number of the most efficient heads of the
+department were nearly all Americans, viz., John Dickson, S. L.
+Kelly, John C. Keenan, Charles Brooks, J. A. McCrea, James Drummond,
+and many others, who no doubt are still remembered by the old-timers.
+There was a strong spirit of emulation between the companies,
+which added greatly to their efficiency, each striving to be first at
+the fire, as it was considered an honor to have first water on the
+same. At the tap of the fire alarm men could be seen running from all
+quarters to the engine-houses, as the first man at the engine-house
+had the honor of carrying the pipe into the fire, which was a
+position of some danger."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+A SIBERIAN MAMMOTH.
+
+
+Some four or five years ago I came across an American illustrated
+newspaper containing an account of the discovery of a perfect mammoth
+in Siberia, where it had been imbedded in a glacier for thousands of
+years. It was stated that an expedition had been sent from St.
+Petersburg by the Imperial Academy of Sciences, headed by Dr. Herz;
+also that later a telegram had been received stating the expedition
+had been successful in securing the animal complete, and that all the
+principal parts, including even part of the contents of the stomach,
+had been secured and were being brought on sledges overland for
+thousands of miles. I was intensely interested in the alleged
+discovery, and made many enquiries of various people to find out if
+there was anything in it more than sensation such as is often got
+from some of the American papers. The result of my enquiries was very
+disappointing; most of those I interviewed considered it a yarn. I
+let the matter rest for some time and then decided to write a friend
+in St. Petersburg for particulars. Mrs. Calthorpe (_nee_
+Dunsmuir), wife of Captain Gough-Calthorpe, who was naval attache to
+the British Legation at the time, responded in due course of time,
+sending me a photo (Since lost.--E. F.), reproduced herewith, of the
+animal as it appeared stuffed in the Imperial Museum, and the promise
+of a description, which Mr. Norman, secretary of the legation, had
+kindly promised to translate from the Russian for me. This has lately
+come to hand, and as Mr. Norman states, is rather disappointing--that
+is, as regards the size of the mammoth, it being a young one. The
+wonderful part of the story is that the stomach of the mammoth
+contained food as fresh as the day it was eaten thousands of years
+ago. The food seems to have been young shoots of a species of pine
+tree, with vegetable matter. The hair on its back was about 13 inches
+long, with a thick fur at the roots of the hair. I submit the
+translated account by Mr. Norman, with his letter to me, which I
+think will be interesting to the many friends of the two British
+Columbia ladies mentioned therein. I also give an account of the
+expedition as contained in the newspapers at the time of discovery,
+as follows:
+
+Story of the Scientific Expedition.
+
+"The discovery of the mammoth to which the cable despatch on this
+page refers, was reported during the summer, and has excited the
+widest interest in scientific circles.
+
+"A very interesting account of the discovery by Dr. von Adelung,
+curator of the museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St.
+Petersburg, has just appeared in the _Globus_, a leading German
+scientific paper, of Brunswick.
+
+"From this account it appears that the mammoth was first reported by
+a Cossack named Jawlowsky. He found it in a glacier near the
+Beresowka River, a tributary of the Kolyma River, in far Northeastern
+Siberia. The nearest settlement is Sredne Kolymsk, three hundred
+versts (a verst is 3,500 yards) away.
+
+"The situation of the body is a very extraordinary one.
+It lies in an enormous pocket of ice, between the mountains, near
+the river bank. The ice is evidently the relic of the great glacier
+that existed here in former ages. The upper ice in time flowed away,
+leaving only the lower part shut up in this pocket. The River
+Beresowka only thaws for a short time in summer. The surface of
+the earth in this region also thaws only at this season, and then
+only to a depth of two or three feet. Beneath that the soil is
+eternally frozen.
+
+"A slight melting of the surface of the ice left a bright, smooth
+space, peering through which the Cossack Jawlowsky saw the ancient
+mammoth preserved, as we sometimes see a lobster in a cake of ice.
+The Cossack knew how interesting such relics were to civilized men
+and promptly reported this one.
+
+"Through the agency of Mr. Horn, the Chief of Police of Kolymsk, the
+Cossack's report was conveyed to the Governor of Yakutsk. He being
+interested in scientific matters, promptly communicated the report to
+the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg.
+
+"The greatest scientific undertaking of this kind ever made was then
+determined upon. This was nothing less than an expedition to bring
+back the complete body of the mammoth. It was promptly organized by
+the Imperial Academy, with the fullest assistance of the government
+and the Ministry of Finance. Dr. Otto Herz, curator of the Imperial
+Museum, was appointed leader of the expedition, with Dr. Pfitzenmayer
+as assistant.
+
+"The expedition proceeded along the Trans-Siberian railroad as far as
+Irkutsk. From there to the place of the discovery is a journey by
+land and water of fully 3,000 miles. The scientists made part of this
+journey in boats down the Lena River to Jakutsk. They then
+started on an overland journey to Sredne Kolymsk. They took fifty
+horses for transport. A large part of the way lay through virgin
+forest. Then came the formation called the Taiga, a sort of Arctic
+moorland, which becomes swampy and dangerous in summer.
+
+"The scientists had to live on salt fish, mare's milk and stewed tree
+bark. Several lives were lost on the journey, but it is now known
+that the chief scientists reached their destination. They proceeded
+without delay to excavate the mammoth.
+
+"The flesh is treated with arsenic and then sewn up in new cowhide,
+which shrinks, becomes air-tight and preserves the contents.
+
+"Nothing more will probably be heard from the scientists during the
+present winter. Dr. Herz, according to the last report, was in doubt
+as to which of two ways he will take in returning. He may, during the
+coming summer, endeavor to take the mammoth's remains overland to
+Markova, a little settlement on the Anadyr River, which runs into
+Behring Sea. There he would winter and go down the river at the
+opening of next summer, and catch the steamship that calls there once
+a year.
+
+"If this proves impracticable, he will have to wait until the winter
+of 1902-1903, and take the remains overland by sledges to Irkutsk. It
+would be impossible to make this tremendous journey in summer,
+through a roadless country, where there are thousands of square miles
+of swamps.
+
+"Numerous relics of mammoths have been discovered in Siberia,
+including pieces of skin, and all the bones. On more than one
+occasion a complete animal has been found preserved in the ice,
+but a complete animal has never been secured in its entirety and
+brought back to civilization. That is exactly what the Imperial
+Academy of Sciences now proposes to do. According to the last report
+from Irkutsk, it is in a fair way to accomplish this.
+
+"It is, perhaps, one of the most marvellous facts in the whole realm
+of nature that the body of a mammoth should be preserved exactly as
+it existed in life thousands and thousands of years ago, but there is
+every reason to believe that this happened in countless cases.
+
+"The mammoth was a gigantic species of extinct elephant. It
+flourished in past geological ages, and also survived into the days
+of early man. When the Palaeolithic or Old Stone man flourished on
+earth two hundred thousand years ago, the mammoth was as common as
+the horse to-day. In no part of the world were mammoths more abundant
+than in Northern Siberia. They must have roamed about there as freely
+as the buffalo did in North America fifty years ago.
+
+"Though similar in structure to the modern elephant, the mammoth was
+very different in habits. He was a northern animal, and with this in
+view was provided with a very long, thick hair, reddish in color,
+like that of the camel. He had extraordinary teeth and stomach, so
+that he was able to masticate and digest, not only plants, leaves and
+so forth, but wood and the trunks of trees. His stomach has been
+found full of young fir trees. His teeth were built in layers and
+renewed themselves ceaselessly through life.
+
+"Sometimes the mammoth would become mired in a soft spot of earth,
+and there sink in, die, become frozen and preserved forever. Another
+mammoth, while walking across a glacier, would fall into a crevasse,
+and there become frozen in a gigantic block of ice. That is what
+happened in the case of the animal recently discovered in
+Siberia. The soil is generally frozen to a depth of four hundred
+feet in Northern Siberia.
+
+"There were many species of mammoths, some of them existing in
+earlier ages than others. One species was provided with four tusks,
+the upper ones turning up as in the present elephant, and the lower
+turning down, as in the walrus. These horns were of gigantic size, in
+some cases measuring twelve feet long. They were adapted principally
+to digging up and pulling down trees. The mastodon was a giant
+elephant of a still earlier period than the mammoth.
+
+"In spite of their gigantic size and weapons, the mammoths were
+frequently killed by prehistoric men. These men must have been very
+brave and determined to kill these huge and terribly armed beasts,
+with stone and rude wood and bone spears.
+
+"The very word 'mammoth' is of Siberian Tartar origin, being derived
+from the word 'mammoth,' the earth, on account of the beast being
+found frozen in the earth. Chinese records show that they, too,
+frequently discovered the frozen mammoths. The beast is probably the
+same as the 'Behemoth' of the Bible.
+
+"The bones of the mammoth when first discovered in Europe were
+variously regarded as the remains of giant men and of elephants that
+had been brought to Europe by the ancient Romans. Even the majority
+of scientists held to this opinion until Sir Richard Owen, the great
+palaeontologist, first proved that they were the remains of an extinct
+animal allied to, but of different species from, the elephant.
+
+"One of the first mammoths described by modern scientists was found
+on the peninsula of Tamut, near the Lena River, in 1799. It was fully
+enclosed in a mass of clear ice. It was uncovered and rotted away
+in 1804."
+
+Mr. Norman's Letter.
+
+The following is a copy of Mr. Norman's letter:
+
+  "British Embassy, St. Petersburg,
+
+  "Dec. 24, 1904.
+
+"Dear Sir,--Before leaving St. Petersburg, Mrs. Gough-Calthorpe, wife
+of our late naval attache, asked me to send you some information
+about the stuffed mammoth which is in the Zoological Museum here, as
+you were interested in such things, and I promised to translate the
+passage in the catalogue which refers to the animal.
+
+"The revolution which has been raging here for the last few months
+has given me so much to do I really have not had time to keep my
+promise sooner. However, I now send you the translation, which, I
+fear, tells disappointingly little about the mammoth, giving no
+measurements nor any description of his appearance. The earlier part,
+too, about the distribution of the elephant family, is doubtless also
+stale news to you.
+
+"You have, I believe, already received a photograph of him from Mrs.
+Calthorpe, so you know what he looks like, but as I have seen him
+very often, I may add a few details as to his personal appearance
+from my own observation. He is smaller than I expected--a good deal
+smaller than an elephant, but then, it is true, he was young when he
+died, not full grown, I suppose. His tusks are magnificent. His
+hair is very thick, abundant and long and of a fashionable dark
+reddish-brown tint. Otherwise he is very like an elephant in
+general build, and I should say, so far as I can judge without
+being a specialist, in details also.
+
+"I hope these few details may be of use to you. Should you want more
+about the mammoth, or require information about anything else in the
+museum here, I shall be very glad to do my best to satisfy you.
+
+"The Calthorpes are much regretted by all of us here, as they were
+greatly beloved by us. Curiously enough, the wife of Calthorpe's
+successor, Captain Victor Stanley, also comes from British Columbia.
+
+  "Yours very truly,
+
+    "H. Norman.
+
+      "Secretary to His Majesty's Embassy.
+
+"I send this by King's messenger as far as London, which will still
+further delay it, but the posts are now very irregular and unsafe in
+Russia owing to the revolutionary strikes. H. N."
+
+Translation from Catalogue.
+
+"During the tertiary period elephants were very numerous and were
+distributed over Europe, Asia as far as the Arctic Ocean, North
+America and Africa. By the remains excavated, many species of extinct
+elephants are now distinguished, among which one, known under the
+name of Mammoth (_Elephas Primigenius_), existed in immense
+numbers in Europe and in Siberia as far as its most northern limits.
+In Siberia the frozen bodies of these animals have frequently been
+found well preserved, with the skin and flesh. On account of the
+remoteness of the places where these bodies have been found, not all
+the expeditions sent to exhume them have had a successful issue.
+In this connection the most successful of all was that organized by the
+Academy of Sciences in 1901 to the River Berezovka, in the Yakutsk
+district, which consisted of Messrs. O. F. Herz and E. W. Pfitzenmayer.
+Thanks to this expedition an excellent specimen of the mammoth was
+received by the Academy of Sciences,--rather young, with skin, parts
+of the internal organs, some food and almost the whole skeleton.
+Unfortunately some of the soft parts of the body, such as the trunk,
+were not found. The remains of this mammoth made it possible not only
+to set up the skeleton, but to stuff the animal, which is placed in the
+position in which it died, suddenly, in all probability, and in which
+it was found in a frozen condition."
+
+This story can hardly be called a "reminiscence" of Victoria, but I
+thought that it might be interesting to many who, like myself, have a
+liking for old and ancient things, as this mammoth most assuredly
+was. Also there may be an interest taken in the letter from Mr.
+Norman, the secretary to H.M. Embassy, speaking as it does of one who
+formerly was a resident and native-born of British Columbia.--E. F.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+MRS. EDWIN DONALD, HON. WYMOND HAMLEY, HON. G. A. WALKEM.
+
+
+Mrs. Edwin Donald.
+
+"I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept
+the faith."--Timothy 4:7, 8. Never was there one to whom these words
+could be applied with greater truth than to the subject of this
+sketch. A faithful servant of her Lord, she was always ready to say a
+good word for Him, and took advantage of any and all opportunities to
+bring back to Him some friend whom she thought had become careless,
+thoughtless, or indifferent in His service.
+
+I am sure my old friend admonished me many a time during our
+forty-six years of close friendship, but always in the most kindly
+manner, that could not help impressing me, knowing it was well meant,
+and knowing also that she considered it her duty to say what she did.
+
+It was in February, 1859, as a boy of twelve, just arrived from San
+Francisco, that I first met her. She and her husband had lately
+arrived from Wisconsin, U.S., where they had been living some years,
+and, having a sister here already, she had been induced to come to
+her. Her sister, herself and their husbands had all come from
+Cornwall. The elder sister and her husband (Trounce) had emigrated to
+Van Diemen's Land, as Tasmania was then called; the Trounces
+later on went to San Francisco, and from there came to Victoria, in
+the same steamer as my father, in 1858.
+
+The Trounces and Donalds lived in tents on Douglas Street in 1858,
+and when our family arrived in 1859 they had just moved into what was
+then considered a very handsome house. It now stands on Kane Street,
+between Douglas and Blanchard.
+
+Like Dorcas of Joppa, "she was full of good works and alms deeds."
+The two sisters, with their husbands, were Wesleyan Methodists, and
+Mrs. Donald, although eighty-eight years of age, attended church
+twice on Sunday, and always walked both ways, to the Metropolitan
+Church on Pandora Street. This she did to the end, having gone twice
+the last Sunday. She did not believe in Sunday cars, and would not
+use them, although they would have been such a help to her; but no,
+she thought it wrong, so took the course she thought was right. My
+wife and I called on her about ten days before her death, and on
+asking her how she was she replied, "I am as well as can be expected,
+for I am an old woman, you know." She was as cheerful as usual. She
+never complained; everything was for the best, she thought.
+
+And so it was in her case, for she was near her end, "having fought a
+good fight and finished her course." She died literally in harness,
+for an hour or so before she breathed her last, she was working for
+the church, propped up in bed sewing. Towards the end, being
+conscious, she said, "I think my Lord wants me," and so passed away
+to a better life. She was attended at her death by an affectionate
+niece, Miss Carrie Thomas; her other relatives being Mrs. Thomas and
+Mrs. Morall.
+
+Hon. Wymond Hamley.
+
+[Portrait: Wymond Hamley.]
+
+The late collector of customs, under whom I was privileged to serve
+from 1882 to 1900, was appointed by Sir Edward B. Lytton as collector
+of customs of New Westminster, and arrived by sailing vessel in 1859.
+
+After the union of the mainland and island in 1867, the collector,
+with his staff, came down to Victoria and established the customs
+house on Government Street in a wooden structure near the post-office
+of that day, and it was a very unpretentious affair.
+
+His staff of that time, and who were with him at New Westminster, was
+composed of Mr. Macrae, who in 1872 was pensioned on account of
+defective eyesight, and is now living in Ireland, chief clerk;
+Charles S. Finlaison (afterwards chief clerk), George Frye, C. S.
+Wylde and Richard Hunter. All of these, except Mr. Macrae, are dead.
+Mr. Hamley was the last of three brothers, and all of us have heard
+of the youngest, Sir Edward, the hero of Tel el Kebir, who, with his
+eldest brother, were generals in the British army. Sir Edward was a
+noted tactician, and it was through this he became the hero of Tel el
+Kebir. He was prominent in the Imperial Parliament also as a speaker.
+The elder brother I heard little of from him, but I know he was very
+proud of his younger brother.
+
+The late collector was in early life in the British civil service,
+and subsequently joined the navy, and served on the China station. I
+shall always have a kindly feeling for my late chief, as he was a
+good friend to me, and felt kindly disposed to me, by the many
+conversations we had together. He was a just man in all his dealings
+with the public, and treated all alike without fear or favor, and his
+decisions were, as a rule, always upheld at Ottawa. There also
+could not have been a more popular man with his staff.
+
+So one by one the good old stock of the early pioneers passes away,
+and their places will be hard to fill, so I say "_Requiescat in pace_."
+
+Hon. G. A. Walkem.
+
+As a friend of over forty years, I should like to add a few lines to
+what has been said of the late Mr. Walkem. Some forty-two years ago I
+was going up Yates Street, past Wells Fargo's bank and express, which
+then occupied the brick building on the south side just above the
+American Hotel and next Pierson's tinware store. It was steamer day,
+and Yates Street was full of life, as it always was when the San
+Francisco steamer had just arrived with passengers, freight, mails
+and express.
+
+The latter was the more important in those days. The chief business
+was done with San Francisco, and the most of the letters came by
+express, costing twenty-five cents each, from San Francisco. As I
+said before, I was passing Wells Fargo's. The large front office was
+open to the street and was full of business men and others. The staff
+of the express consisted of Colonel Pendergast, Major Gillingham (who
+introduced quail from California), and a colored man named Miller, as
+messenger.
+
+What attracted my attention was "George Anthony Walkem," called in a
+loud voice. I stopped and squeezed inside, where there was a scene
+that never will be enacted again in this city, I think, in the way of
+business. Major Gillingham was unlocking express bags and cutting
+open bundles of letters, which he handed to Colonel Pendergast,
+who was mounted on a chair and calling out the addresses on the
+letters. If the addressee was there he called out "Here," and the
+letter was handed across the room to where he stood, or if not there,
+was taken by a friend. After all the letters had been called, the
+audience trooped out and went to their offices to peruse their
+correspondence.
+
+"George Anthony Walkem" on this occasion was not there and did not
+answer to his name, but the letter was put in the letter-rack to be
+delivered by Miller, the messenger. This occasion is vivid in my
+memory, as if of yesterday, and is the first time I remember Mr.
+Walkem.
+
+It was a couple of years after that I met him at a dance, and we
+became friends, and met at many home dances and parties. He was a
+young lawyer and fond of the society of young people, although older
+than they were. In those days dancing was one of our chief
+amusements, classes being formed under the direction of some lady.
+They were very enjoyable, being kept select. The ladies having the
+two principal classes were Mrs. Digby Palmer and Mrs. J. H.
+Carmichael. I belonged to each, and met Mr. Walkem often. The
+principal thing I wished to speak of with respect to my friend was
+his gift of animal drawing, he being no mean follower of Sir Edwin
+Landseer.
+
+This I found out as a great surprise one day while visiting him at
+his rooms over Hibben & Co.'s store. The walls were plastered, and
+white, and all over were covered with animals and portraits of noted
+characters of the day done with a crayon pencil. These portraits were
+of such men as Judge Begbie, the Governor, an admiral of the station,
+or some noted politician.
+
+But what took my fancy most of all were his lions, male and
+female and cubs, and in all positions. It was a sight well worth
+seeing, and would so be considered to-day.
+
+Long after Mr. Walkem left these rooms these walls were left intact,
+and many schemes were devised to remove the pictures with the walls.
+A prominent man, I think Admiral Farquhar, asked my brother if it
+were possible to cut the plaster off the studding in blocks and so
+preserve these beautiful pictures. I am sorry to say it proved to be
+impossible.
+
+To-day there are reproductions of these pictures in the judge's
+residence. They were framed in gilt by us, and it is only a year or
+so since I saw them in Sommer's being reframed. I recognized them
+immediately.
+
+He was pleased to compliment me some time ago on one of my sketches
+of early Victoria, a subject we compared notes on frequently, when I
+suggested that he give to his friends some of his early experiences
+in Cariboo, which he recited to me, telling of those days when he
+started off from Victoria a young man, with a good profession, lots
+of energy, a fund of good humor, and not a very heavy purse. He had
+his experiences, and valuable experiences they were, and in Cariboo
+he entered into politics, and for years represented that constituency
+in the Local House. He was a good friend, and I shall miss his visits
+to my office, when he came in to chat for a few minutes, always to
+wind up with a "reminiscence." Well, as I said before, I shall miss
+him and shall remember him with the most kindly feelings.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+THE CONSECRATION OF THE IRON CHURCH.
+
+
+Old-timers will be interested in the following clipping giving
+particulars of the consecration of St. John's Church. The year is not
+given, but it was in 1860 (April 13th). It was when first built a
+very ugly building, having no semblance of a tower, which was added
+many years after. The first rector was Rev. R. J. Dundas, M.A. Of the
+clergy who took part fifty years ago, there are, I think, only three
+living, viz., Rev. Edward Cridge, now Bishop Cridge; Rev. J.
+Sheepshanks, now Bishop of Norwich, and the Rev. Alexander Garrett,
+now Bishop of Dallas, Texas. Of the bishops then present, both are
+dead. Bishop Morris, of Oregon, who preached the consecration sermon,
+died a few years ago, aged eighty-seven, the oldest bishop in the
+United States; and Bishop Hills died in England soon after he left
+this country, having resigned the bishopric of British Columbia, a
+very disappointed man. Strange to say, he took a rectorship under one
+of his former clergy, Rev. J. Sheepshanks, Bishop of Norwich.
+
+It will be noted that the hymn-books used at the service were to be
+obtained at Hibben & Carswell's (T. N. Hibben & Co.). To close the
+consecration services there was to be a social gathering or
+tea-meeting, which was a popular form of entertainment in those good
+old days. The admission was one dollar, and the proceedings commenced
+at half-past six o'clock. Just think of it, ye late birds of the
+later days, when half-past eight is not too late! As the choir of
+Christ Church assisted at these services, and as I was a choir-boy,
+I must have been there.
+
+The printed programme reads: "The consecration of the Church of St.
+John the Evangelist is fixed for Thursday next, 13th inst. The solemn
+occasion will be marked by a series of services, at which a voluntary
+choir will contribute their assistance, aided by the fine organ just
+erected. It is also intended to hold meetings, one of which meetings
+will organize the Diocesan Church Society, and the other draw
+together in a social way the friends of religion, and the
+well-wishers of the Church of England. It is earnestly hoped that
+these various occasions may tend to strengthen the best influences
+amongst us, and advance substantially the work of the Lord.
+
+"The following is the order of services:
+
+"Thursday, September 13th, in the morning, consecration service at 11
+a.m. Sermon by the Bishop of Oregon.
+
+"The Holy Communion will be administered.
+
+"In the evening service at 7 p.m. Sermon by the Bishop of Columbia.
+
+"Friday, September 21st, service at 11 a.m. Sermon by the Rev. E.
+Willis (rector of St. John's, Olympia).
+
+"Evening service at 7 p.m. Sermon by the Rev. W. D. Crickmer, M.A.,
+minister of Fort Yale.
+
+"Sunday, September 16th, morning service at 11 a.m. Sermon by the
+Bishop of Columbia.
+
+"Afternoon service at 3 p.m. Sermon by the Rev. E. Cridge, B.A.,
+minister of Christ Church.
+
+"Evening service at 6.30. Sermon by the Bishop of Oregon.
+
+"Tuesday, September 18th, evening service at 7 p.m. Sermon by the
+Rev. J. Sheepshanks, M.A., minister of New Westminster.
+
+"Friday, September 21st, evening service at 7 p.m. Sermon by Rev.
+Alex. C. Garrett, B.A.
+
+"Sunday, September 23rd, morning service at 11 a.m. Sermon by the
+Bishop of Columbia.
+
+"Afternoon service at 3 p.m. Sermon by Rev. Charles T. Woods, M.A.,
+principal of Collegiate School.
+
+"Evening service at 6.30 p.m. Sermon by Rev. R. J. Dundas, M.A.,
+minister of St. John's.
+
+"Collections will be made after all services towards the debt still
+on the church.
+
+"On Monday evening, September 17th, a meeting will be held in
+Collegiate School-room at 7 o'clock, to arrange and constitute the
+Columbia and Vancouver Diocesan Society, according to the plan
+adopted in the colonies of Great Britain.
+
+"Addresses will be delivered. All friends of the Church of England
+are invited to attend.
+
+"The chair will be taken by the Bishop of Columbia.
+
+"On Thursday, September 20th, there will be held a social reunion of
+friends, when subjects of interest connected with social organization
+will be discussed. Admission by ticket, one dollar each. Tea will be
+provided. Proceedings to commence at 6.30 p.m."
+
+The following communication from a gentleman who did his part in
+church work in this island in early days will interest many readers.
+Extract from the _Union_, London, December 7th, 1860:
+
+"A correspondent in Vancouver Island sends an interesting account of
+the first consecration of a church in that far-off colony by the
+Bishop of Columbia. It is situated at Victoria and is dedicated to
+St. John the Evangelist. It is of wood, encased with corrugated
+iron plates, lined and panelled inside with redwood. It was sent from
+England by the bishop, and placed by him at the disposal of the
+people of Victoria, where a second church was needed. The interior,
+which is stained dark with the fittings, is extremely tasteful. There
+is a beautiful carved stone font, given by a late parishioner of the
+bishop's; a fine organ, also a gift; a bell, altar cloth, and east
+light of stained glass. The consecration took place on September
+13th. There was a numerous congregation, including clerical and
+lay representatives of the Anglo-American Church, who came from
+Washington Territory. The bishop and clergy robed in the vestry, and
+a procession being formed they proceeded round the church to the west
+entrance, where the bishop was received by the Rev. Edward Cridge,
+B.A., the incumbent of Christ Church, his church wardens and a
+committee of laymen, the chief promoters of the work. The petition,
+praying to consecrate the church, having been presented, the bishop
+signified his assent and proceeded up the centre aisle, followed by
+the clergy, the church wardens and committee following. The 24th
+Psalm was recited by the bishop and clergy as they proceeded up the
+church. The bishop took his seat within the altar rails attended by
+his clergy in the north choir seats, the service being full choral,
+and the effect very marked. It was, indeed, a privilege to join in
+such a service ten thousand miles from home. The communion service
+was said by the bishop, the epistle was read by the Rev. D. E.
+Willis, the Gospel by Rev. J. Sheepshanks. The bishop preached from
+Matt. 26:8, 9, subject, "Works of Faith and Love." The offering
+amounted to $358."
+
+[Illustration: Iron Church.]
+
+The Jubilee of St. John's.
+
+Certain misleading remarks having been made at the jubilee of St.
+John's with respect to Christ Church not having been consecrated for
+long after being built, and that it was a log building, etc., I,
+after getting facts from Bishop Cridge and an early resident who
+attended its opening, replied:
+
+"_To the Editor of the Colonist_:
+
+"In reviewing the rather interesting article in Sunday's
+_Colonist_ on the jubilee of St. John's Church, which contained
+a deal I had already given some years ago, I noted particularly the
+reference to the first Christ Church, and thought I could throw a
+little light on the matter, especially after a conversation with an
+early resident who attended the first service in the church in 1856.
+The original building that was destroyed by fire was named 'Christ
+Church' by Bishop Cridge, after Christ Church in London, of which he
+was incumbent up to the time of his leaving for Vancouver Island in
+1855.
+
+"After Mr. Cridge had been established here as resident minister and
+chaplain to Hudson's Bay Company, Governor Douglas had Christ Church
+built for him, and when the congregation had increased, Mr. Cridge
+wrote to the Bishop of London, telling him that there were twenty
+candidates for confirmation, and asking him what he (Mr. Cridge)
+should do under the circumstances. In reply Mr. Cridge was advised to
+write to Bishop Scott of Oregon, asking him to come to Victoria and
+confirm them. This was done, and Bishop Scott came.
+
+"Thus took place the first confirmation on Vancouver Island, and in
+this 'unconsecrated church.' The church is spoken of as being built
+of logs. This is not so, as it was a frame structure, weather-boarded
+on the outside, and lathed and plastered on the inside, with a stone
+foundation.
+
+"The church had a low tower like a dove-cot with two bells.
+Altogether it was a pretty church. The building was put up by William
+Leigh, an official of the company, under the superintendency of Hon.
+J. D. Pemberton, who drew the plans and was architect. It was opened
+first for public worship in August, 1856, prior to which services
+were held in the fort. Later on, as the gold rush from California
+took place, and thousands came to Victoria, Mr. Cridge, being
+overworked, he (Mr. Cridge) wrote to England to the Church and School
+Society, asking for help. As a result of this appeal, St. John's
+Church was sent out by Miss Burdett-Coutts.
+
+"I might further state that the Catholic Church was established here
+prior to the arrival of Mr. Cridge, and for some time services under
+Bishop Demers were held in the bishop's residence until a church was
+erected. This pioneer of Catholic churches is still in existence,
+having been moved from Humboldt Street south and east of St. Joseph's
+Hospital to the rear of St. Ann's Convent, being there encased in
+brick. As before stated, I was at the laying of the corner-stone of
+St. John's Church in 1860, as also was Mr. Alexander Wilson, of Broad
+Street, and we both remember the occasion, especially the music by
+the fine band of H.M.S. _Sutlej_. I might here state that what I
+have said has been to throw a little more light on an interesting
+subject."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+THE IRON CHURCH AGAIN.
+
+
+Miss Woods, daughter of the late Sheriff Woods, and niece of the late
+Archdeacon, has handed me the original notice in the handwriting of
+the late Rev. R. J. Dundas, first rector of St. John's, of the laying
+of the corner-stone of the St. John's Church, reading: "The
+corner-stone of St. John's Church will be laid by His Excellency the
+Governor (James Douglas), on Friday, the 13th April, at 3 o'clock
+p.m., 1860." This makes it over forty-six years old. The ceremony was
+performed on a beautiful spring afternoon. A procession was formed at
+the residence of Captain Dodds (which, by the by, is still standing),
+and marched to the site of the church. The magnificent band of H.M.S.
+_Sutlej_ (a line-of-battleship), furnished the music for the
+occasion. No flagship in later days has had such a band, for size or
+excellence. My memory in this particular has been refreshed by a
+fellow-pioneer in Mr. Alexander Wilson, who also attended the
+ceremony. I might state that the oldest church building at the
+present time is the Roman Catholic, which used to stand on Humboldt
+street, and was later removed to the rear of St. Ann's Convent and
+built around with brick. This church antedates even St. John's, as I
+can remember it in 1859. In connection with this old church I have
+heard some fine singing, when Father Brabant, of the West Coast, was
+connected with the church, who was a fine baritone; also Madame
+Beckingham, then a Miss Tissett, Mrs. Fellows and Charles Lombard.
+It was a musical treat indeed. There were other good singers there,
+but these were notable, and they are all alive to-day.
+
+[Portrait: Bishop Garrett.]
+
+Bishop Garrett.
+
+In connection with the above I have received from Bishop Garrett, who
+was present on the occasion as Rev. A. C. Garrett, a very nice letter
+with his photo, which I think may be of interest to those who
+remember this eloquent divine of the pioneer days of Victoria, and
+who is to-day Bishop of Dallas, Texas:
+
+"Dallas, Texas, August 9th, 1906.
+
+"Dear Mr. Fawcett:
+
+"Your letter is here and has my most willing attention. I remember
+your father very well, and yourself, too. I also remember the iron
+church and the old cathedral on the hill very well. I also remember
+an incident which was amusing, in the iron church. Once the great
+archdeacon preached a flowery sermon in St. John's in the morning.
+The evening sermon was preached by the Rev. C. T. Woods, who was out
+in the morning at a mission station. The archdeacon occupied a pew at
+the evening service. When the text was given out he pricked up his
+ears and sat up very straight. The opening sentence was the same as
+that of the morning; and so was the next and the next, even to the
+last! Some of those who had been present in the morning and had
+complimented the Ven. Archdeacon upon his eloquence, began to smile
+and nudged each other. At last the end came. The Ven. Archdeacon
+went into the vestry, where some of the morning flatterers were
+repeating their forenoon praises! At length they left, bursting
+with laughter. Then the archdeacon said: 'I see that we two donkeys
+have been eating the same cabbage!'
+
+"I remember also preaching in that church when the wind howled and
+rattled through the roof in such a way that nothing could be heard.
+
+"Well, you are all greatly changed now--and so am I. Mrs. Garrett is
+still vigorous, and I am doing a full day's work every day in the
+year.
+
+  "Affectionately yours,
+
+    "Alex. C. Garrett,
+
+      "Bishop of Dallas."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+ITS DEPARTED GLORIES, OR ESQUIMALT, THEN AND NOW.
+
+
+The other day I had occasion to go through the town of Esquimalt, to
+the end of the principal street, which runs north and south. It was
+to the north end I went to take a boat to board the cable-ship
+_Restorer_ to see my son off for Honolulu.
+
+I had not been on this spot, that I can remember, for thirty years,
+and I could not but stop and stare and wonder. Could this be the
+Esquimalt I used to know years ago?
+
+I could not but conjure up memories of the past, of Esquimalt's
+departed greatness, bustle and busy life. In 1858, and before my
+time, this was the British Columbia headquarters of the San Francisco
+steamers, as well as the headquarters of the navy. Of the latter
+there were always three or four vessels with nearly always a
+flagship, and such a ship! It seemed like climbing up a hillside as
+you passed tier after tier of guns, and finally reached the upper
+deck.
+
+The steamers running from San Francisco in those days were large
+also, so large that they could not come into Victoria harbor, and the
+_Panama_, I see by the _Colonist_ of that date, brought
+1,200 passengers on one trip.
+
+Well, to proceed. As I walked down the street I turned from side
+to side, trying to remember who lived in that house, and who in that
+one, in the days that have gone by. Oh! what desolation! What ruin
+and decay! Only about every fourth house was occupied--the others
+given over to the dull echoes of the past. I looked in several
+windows and saw nothing but emptiness, dust and decay.
+
+Of the notable houses and notable people who formed the population of
+this once important town, there were the residences of Fred.
+Williams, a prominent Mason and Speaker of the Legislature; William
+Arthur, William Sellick and John Howard, hotel and saloon-keepers;
+William Wilby, the mail carrier, with his numerous family; the
+Millingtons and the Dodds. Of John Howard I have already written in
+my description of an early-time Queen's birthday celebration on
+Beacon Hill. John was a great horse fancier, and owned some winners,
+which were generally ridden by the Millington boys. John, with his
+friend, Thomas Harris (first mayor of Victoria), and Captain the Hon.
+Lascelles, R.N., were then kindred spirits, and many a day's sport
+they afforded to the public of Victoria.
+
+After reaching the end of the street and the landing, what did I see
+of the bustle, business and life of forty-nine years ago--a small
+forest of worm-eaten piles sticking up in the water in front of me.
+They were the remains of a large dock which had been covered with
+warehouses and offices connected with the shipping of the port. The
+late Thomas Trounce, of this city, owned the property and managed it.
+Imagine what the arrival of a large San Francisco steamer with 1,000
+or 1,500 passengers and 1,000 tons of freight on this dock meant? All
+these passengers and all this freight were for Victoria.
+The freight was transferred to small steamers for this city, and
+also carted up by road.
+
+We ourselves landed here from the steamer _Northerner_ with six
+hundred others in February, 1859, and came around to Victoria in a
+small steamer and landed at the Hudson's Bay Company's wharf. There
+were several stages plying also, the fare being "only one dollar."
+The "'Squimalt" road of that day was not that of to-day. It branched
+off the present Esquimalt Road at Admiral's Road and ran eastward
+parallel with the present road, climbing up a very steep grade before
+reaching Lampson Street, and then keeping on straight till reaching
+Craigflower Road. Then it branched into the present road again at
+Everett's Exchange. This great change in 'Squimalt has not taken
+place in late years. The loss of the naval station lately does not
+seem to have made a deal of difference to its appearance. It dates
+back to the "wooden walls" of old England, and the appearance on the
+scene of the ironclad of later years. Whatever was the cause, the
+effect is there, and I suppose good reason could be found for the
+great change. Melancholy it was to me, who had seen the place full of
+life, jollity and laughter as bluejackets and scarlet-coated marines
+by scores landed with plenty of money in their pockets, and maybe
+three days to spend it in. They were soon on the road to Victoria,
+stopping at the wayside houses as they jogged along, singing and
+laughing like a lot of schoolboys let loose from school.
+
+On one of these occasions a laughable incident occurred, as scores of
+these bluejackets and marines passed up Esquimalt Road. A squad or
+more might have been seen walking along, headed by a bluejacket
+playing a lively tune on a fife or tin whistle. One or two were
+dancing to the tune, when all at once the music stopped, as a halt
+was made, the command being "'Alt all 'ands!" They had come opposite
+a wayside house and the sign over the porch--saloon--had attracted
+their attention. One of the sailors had commenced to spell out the
+sign. "What's this blooming sign say? A hess, and a hay and a hell
+and a double ho, and a hen--saloon! Why blast my blooming h'eyes,
+mates, it's a blooming pub! All 'ands come in and take a drink,"
+and you may be sure "all 'ands" forthwith filed into the saloon and
+"smiled," to use a Western phrase.
+
+  "For Jack's the boy for work,
+  And Jack's the boy for play;
+  And Jack's the lad,
+  When girls are sad,
+  To kiss their tears away."
+
+These good old days of 'Squimalt, I am afraid, are gone for ever with
+her prestige as a naval station taken from her. Shall we see her rise
+again as a commercial port, as a headquarters of the C.P.R.? Shall
+the echoes of commerce take the place of the echoes of Jack's
+laughter and song? Let us hope so, and so end my little reminiscences
+of 'Squimalt's early times.
+
+Since writing this I have come across a cutting in my scrap book from
+the _Colonist_ of May 17th, 1870, which gives the account of the
+arrival of the first and only flying squadron (under Admiral Hornby),
+which ever arrived here. By the by, we were promised flying squadrons
+in lieu of stationary squadrons on this station. When is the first to
+arrive? As there was a flagship here with two other vessels, at this
+time, my readers may imagine the number of men in Esquimalt
+harbor at that date; not less than three thousand five hundred, I am
+sure, and how lively this must have made Esquimalt and Victoria. The
+whole population, figuratively speaking, turned out to welcome these
+six vessels as they came in from Race Rocks under full sail. It was
+a beautiful sight. The _Zealous_ (armor-plated), Admiral Farquhar,
+welcomed Admiral Hornby of the _Liverpool_, flagship of the
+flying squadron.
+
+[Illustration: First bridge over the Gorge.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+OLD QUADRA STREET CEMETERY.
+
+
+  "Yet even these bones from insult to protect,
+  Some frail memorial still erected nigh."
+
+  "Each in his narrow cell forever laid,
+  The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep."
+
+                                 --Thomas Gray.
+
+I must first apologize for altering two words in this quotation from
+this most beautiful poem that caused the celebrated General Wolfe to
+say that he would rather be the author of it than have taken Quebec.
+
+I am moved to write these lines by the fact that these bones require
+protecting from the vandalism of certain persons unknown, also I have
+been approached by pioneers several times to write about this
+desecration of the last resting-place of our pioneers.
+
+It was in 1859 or early '60 that the Quadra Street Cemetery was
+opened, all the bones from the cemetery on Johnson and Douglas
+Streets being exhumed and carried to Quadra Street in carts. I have
+stood several times and watched the operation of digging up and
+carting away of the remains from the first cemetery. It was situated
+on the corner of Johnson and Douglas Streets, the brick building on
+the south-west corner being built on the site, and it must have
+extended into the streets also, as some years later skeletons were
+found by workmen digging trenches for water pipes. There were
+many naval men buried there, and the dates on some of the headboards
+and stones in Quadra Street Cemetery show an earlier date than the
+opening of it, there being two burials from war vessels, one in 1846,
+H. M. S. _Cormorant_, and one in 1852. These early dates show that
+Her Majesty's vessels were in Esquimalt at that time. Naval men and
+Hudson's Bay Company's employees were the large majority of those
+buried in the first cemetery. As a boy, I had a great weakness for
+funerals, and living only a block from Quadra Street, I attended
+scores in my day. I naturally liked the naval funerals best, for
+there were soldiers and sailors, and bands of music, with three
+volleys over the grave, so I missed few. The funerals came from
+Esquimalt, generally by water, in large boats propelled by oars,
+and landed at the Hudson's Bay Company's wharf.
+
+By the inscriptions, a large majority were young men and sailors, and
+many were the result of accidents in Esquimalt harbor by drowning.
+
+I well remember the funeral of Captain Bull, of H. M. surveying ship
+_Plumper_, who died at the age of twenty-seven years, the coffin
+being fastened to a gun carriage and pulled by bluejackets. The state
+of Victoria's streets at that time was such that it required a deal
+of power to propel any vehicle, and especially was this the case with
+Quadra Street. I have often seen a funeral come to a dead standstill
+and the hearse dug out of the mud, as also teams loaded with stones
+for monuments in the cemetery.
+
+We will suppose the hearse has been dug out, and in the cemetery near
+the grave, in many cases men might be seen bailing out the grave, one
+below and one on top; especially was this the case with the Roman
+Catholic ground. And I have known when it was necessary to hold
+the coffin down in the water with shovels or have a man get down and
+stand on the coffin until enough soil was thrown on it to keep it
+down. What must the friends have thought at this time, as the dirty
+water was forcing its way into the coffin? In the majority of burials
+there was no grave-case, which helped to make matters worse.
+
+[Illustration: Quadra Street Cemetery.]
+
+I have always paid periodical visits to this cemetery, the chief
+reason being that my mother was buried there when I was fifteen years
+old. She expressed a wish to be carried to her grave instead of being
+taken in a hearse, and it was the first instance I can remember in
+Victoria, although it may have been done earlier.
+
+Both Bishops Cridge and Garrett, the clergymen who conducted the
+burial services over her, are alive to-day.
+
+Some four years ago, I had a marble headstone put on her grave, which
+was enclosed with a fence, and last fall I saw it there although
+buried in weeds. A few weeks ago a lady friend asked me if my
+mother's name was Jane; for that she had, in walking through the
+cemetery, come across a stone which must have been hers. I went up to
+investigate, and after some hours' search found the stone, but the
+enclosure was gone, and I had a time locating the grave, to replace
+the stone. In compiling the information given in this article, I made
+many visits lately, and I can say that it is a disgrace to a
+civilized community to have the last resting-place of Victoria's
+pioneers in such a condition--marble and sandstone monuments lying in
+all directions, broken either by falling over naturally, or with
+rocks by some vandal.
+
+It is a mistake to suppose that there are few remaining relations of
+these long-buried dead. At least there are fifty per cent. of them
+represented by relations to-day, as I shall show later on, and I hope
+the state of affairs as here related, may cause them to move at
+once to right matters.
+
+I might say that the individual plots were owned outright by the
+relations, and others, for they have certain title to them.
+Individual comments are made on all those that I know or knew of, and
+several large, heavy stones I could not lift to get inscriptions, as
+they lay on their face. In several cases wood headboards have
+outlived stone, the inscription on the former being more legible than
+the stone. The action of the elements in many cases has entirely
+erased some, especially from sandstone, although newer than the wood
+boards.
+
+One of the inscriptions I have read many a time as being quaint, was
+so far as I can remember, thus:
+
+
+   ". . . Physicians were in vain;
+  Till Christ did please to give her ease, release from all her pain."
+
+John S. Titcombe, pilot; monument erected by I. O. O. F.; died 1869,
+aged 41 years.
+
+Matthew Hollow, died Feb. 28, 1871, aged 39 years; erected by
+Victoria Lodge, I. O. O. F.
+
+Thos. Pritchard, died Oct. 31, 1883, aged 79; also Margaret his wife,
+died Dec. 3, 1871, 64 years. Note--This is the most pretentious
+monument in the cemetery. They leave grandchildren.
+
+James Orr, died 1871, aged 32 years; buried by St. Andrew's Masons
+and I. O. O. F.
+
+Alice Heathcote, wife of J. W. Hutchinson, jailer; died March 30,
+1868, aged 27 years.
+
+Margaret Langley, wife of Edward Langley; died 1866; leaves
+relatives.
+
+James McCulloch, engineer steamer _Sir James Douglas_; died April 2,
+1870, aged 46; also Margaret, wife of above, died Dec. 3, 1871, aged
+64 years; also Wm. M. Doran, mate of same ship, who was accidentally
+drowned in Victoria harbor, July 7, 1868, aged 45 years; erected by
+officers and men of steamer.
+
+Jessie Russell, wife of Robt. J. Russell (Russell's Station); died
+Aug. 29, 1860, aged 42.
+
+John Wilkie, Wharf Street merchant; died April 28, 1871, aged 38
+years.
+
+James Murray Reid (Reid & Macdonald), partner of Senator Macdonald,
+and father of Mrs. W. J. Macdonald.
+
+James Hepburn, died April 16, 1869; 58 years.
+
+Nathaniel Milby Hicks, clerk C. M. C., died Oct. 31, 1870, age 52.
+(Member of first municipal council Victoria city.)
+
+Capt. John W. Waitt, father of late M. W. Waitt; died 1870, aged 67.
+
+Frederick and Arthur--children of Mrs. J. W. Williams.
+
+Thos. Carter, of Hillside Farm, died 1869, aged 52 years; was husband
+of Mrs. C. Booth (and father of William Carter, provincial assessor's
+office). Note--Mr. Carter contracted a bad cold in the cemetery at
+the funeral of a brother Mason, and was heard to remark in an
+undertone to a friend as he was looking down into the grave, "And who
+will be the next?" Strange to say, he himself was the next, for
+within ten days his brother Masons met there to bury him.
+
+Mrs. Harriet Jameson; died 1868, aged 18 years.
+
+John Work, Chief Factor of H. B. Co., died Dec. 22, 1861, aged 70;
+and his son, Henry, died June 19, 1856, aged 12 years. (John Work was
+well known to all old-timers.)
+
+Cecilia, wife of J. S. Helmcken, M.D., died Feb. 4, 1865, aged 30
+years; also Douglas Claude, died Jan. 17, 1854, aged 3 months;
+Margaret Jane, died March --, 18 months; also Ogilvy Roderick, died
+March 5, 1 month--children of the above. (The wife of Dr. J. S. and
+mother of Dr. J. D. and H. D. Helmcken, and Mrs. -- McTavish and Mrs.
+Higgins.)
+
+Martha Coles; died March 13, 1865, aged 30 years.
+
+Geo. Hooper; died March 15, 1865, aged 53 years.
+
+Jane Neely; died April 1, 1865, aged 28.
+
+Wm. Brooke Naylor; died Oct. 2, 1866, aged 42; sheriff of Vancouver
+Island. (Has a son here, Brooke Naylor.)
+
+Cecilia Cameron, wife of David Cameron, C. J. of colony; died Nov.
+26, 1859; also David Cameron, C. J., died May 14, 1872, aged 68
+years.
+
+Jno. Walton; died June 17, 1867, aged 55 years.
+
+Abner H. Francis; died -- 25, 1872, aged 59 years.
+
+Chas W. Wallace, died March 13, 1865, aged 65; Jane Adison, died Feb.
+5, 1854, aged 25 years; Kate, died July 11, 1869; Abby, died April 2,
+1866; Edward, died Jan. 22, 1864; Charlie, died July 19, 1867--wife,
+children, father and sister of Charles W. Wallace (father of Mrs. E.
+E. Blackwood).
+
+Mary Kamopiopio, wife of Wm. R. Kaule Lelehe; died Dec. 20, 1865, age
+16. (Native of Hawaii.)
+
+Henry Courtenay; born Oct. 27, 1869, died Sept. 14, 1871; 2 years.
+(Drowned at Burrard Inlet.)
+
+Helen Amelia Dallas; born Feb. 20, 1859, died Jan. 24, 1860.
+(Granddaughter of Sir James Douglas.)
+
+Barbara, wife of Thomas Mann; age 25 years.
+
+Mary F. Semple; died Oct. 4, 1866; 1 year 10 months.
+
+Wm. Honey; died Dec. 3, 1866, age 54 years.
+
+Caroline Harrey Ewing; died June 3, 1864, aged 45 years.
+
+Lucinda Mary, wife of Robert Grienslade; died Dec. 6, 1868,
+age 18 years.
+
+Harriet, wife of Thomas James; died Oct. 19, 1868, aged 18 years.
+
+James Wilson Trahey; died Dec. 2, 1868; 38 years.
+
+Isaac Cameron; died Feb. 6, 1870; 29 years.
+
+John B. McClearn; died Jan. 29, 1870, age 42.
+
+Andrew Phillips; died Jan. 24, 1870, age 10 years.
+
+Bridget, wife of Timothy Roberts; died Nov. 7, 1872, age 40 years.
+
+John Bowes Thompson; died Aug. 6, 1870, age 49.
+
+Hy. Francis Lee; died June 22, 1872, age 36 years.
+
+Charlotte Dandridge; died March 7, 1863, age 70 years.
+
+B. A. Wolsey. (Erected by her father.)
+
+Hugh Cavin Walker; died May 16, 1868, age 26 years.
+
+Freddy, child of J. W. and M. A. Williams; died March 31, 1870,
+age 4 years.
+
+Wm. Emery; died May 2, 1871, age 33 years.
+
+C. A. Schmid; died Nov. 29, 1871, age 48 years.
+
+Charlotte, wife of John Holden; died March, 1863, age 28 years.
+
+Naval Corner.
+
+Monument erected to officers and men of H. M. S. _Satellite_--Daniel
+Evans, John Stanton, James Butland, John Willmore, Richard Stone,
+all drowned June 6, 1860; Wm. Brewer, died 1856; John Blackler, died
+1859; Wm. Kett, died 1859; Richard Brown, died 1857; William Stout,
+died 1858; William Bell, died 1858; George Kembery, died 1860.
+
+Monument to men of H. M. S. _Sutlej_--George Lush, John Guff,
+Edward Tiller, Joseph Neckless, died 1863 and 1864.
+
+Monument to Benjamin Topp, H. M. S. _Cormorant_; died Oct. 22,
+1846, age 40.
+
+John Miller, H. M. S. _Thetis_, drowned in Esquimalt harbor June
+3, 1852, age 22; W. R. Plummer, H. M. S. _Thetis_, age 23; James
+Smith, H. M. S. _Thetis_, age 31; Charles Parsons, H. M. S.
+_Thetis_, age 35--all drowned between Esquimalt and Victoria
+harbors, Aug. 22, 1852. Note--This headboard is wood, and although
+nearly 50 years old, is in splendid preservation, painted white with
+black letters, which stand out as plain as the day they were put on.
+
+Monument to men of H. M. S. _Plumper_--James D. Trewin, died
+June 12, 1858, age 32 years; George Williams, Feb. 4, 1858, age 37
+years.
+
+Monument to William Johnson, H. M. S. _Hecate_; died Jan. 3, 1862.
+
+Monument to men of H. M. S. _Sutlej_; died 1864 and 1866--Thomas
+Depnall, John Reese, George Crute, William Douglas, Albert Gilbert,
+Alexander Borthwick.
+
+Monument to men of H. M. S. _Tribune_, 1865.
+
+Chief Engineer of H. M. S. _Sparrowhawk_; died 1866.
+
+Paymaster of H. M. S. _Devastation_; died 1864.
+
+Engineer of H. M. S. _Topaz_; died 1861.
+
+Commander Robson, of H. M. Gunboat _Forward_; died 1861, from
+effects of fall from his horse.
+
+Engineer Charlton; died 1861. (Accidentally shot himself.)
+
+Captain John A. Bull, master of H. M. surveying vessel
+_Plumper_; died --, 1860, age 27 years.
+
+Granite monument to Edwin Evans, only son of Rev. E. Evans, D.D., age
+20 years.
+
+I have already given an account of this young man's death and burial
+in one of my former reminiscences; how he was drowned off Beacon Hill
+one December day. He undressed and swam out after a duck he had
+shot, got caught in the kelp and was drowned, his poor father walking
+up and down the beach all that night, calling "Edwin! Edwin! My son!"
+He was buried in a snowstorm, and great sympathy was shown by the
+public, by the crowds which filled the cemetery that day. Dr. Evans
+was Methodist minister when the church was built that is now being
+demolished.
+
+Monument to Frederick Pemberton, Edward Scott, Eber and Grace, the
+four children of Bishop Cridge, who all died within two months, from
+diphtheria, in 1864-5; also his sister, Miss Cridge.
+
+Jane, aged 47, wife of Thomas Lea Fawcett, and mother of Rowland,
+Edgar and Arthur Fawcett, the latter of London, Eng.; died January,
+1864.
+
+Thomas H. Botterell; died 1866, age 27 years.
+
+Eliza A., daughter of George and Isabella Simpson; died 1872, aged 16
+years 8 months (sister of George Simpson, H. M. customs.)
+
+James Murray Yale, chief trader, H. B. Co.; died May 7, 1871, age 71
+years.
+
+Charlotte B., wife of Joseph Corin; died July 12, 1863, age 24 years.
+(She was the wife of partner of Charles Hayward.)
+
+Elizabeth Caroline, wife of Edward G. Alston; died January, 1865, age
+27 years. (Mr. Alston was registrar-general.)
+
+Charlotte, wife of John Dutnall (John Dutnall was sexton of Christ
+Church, and formerly in charge of one of the H. B. Co.'s farms. Has a
+brother at Albert Head, farming.)
+
+Antonia Hernandez; died March 22, 1862, age 32 years.
+
+Henry Proctor Seelie, of London, England; died July 23, 1864, age 24
+years.
+
+Cecil, fourth son of G. T. Gordon; died April 20, 1861, age 5 years 4
+months.
+
+Anna Maria, widow of the late William Yardly; died March 5, 1864, age
+59 years. (Mother of Mrs. Hy. Wootton.)
+
+Samuel Hocking; died Sept. 15, 1862, age 37 years 8 months.
+
+Louis Richards, native of Cornwall; died Oct. 21, 1872, age 21 years.
+
+James Brown, of Kingston, Canada; died Feb. 9, 1873, age 37 years.
+
+Alexander Deans; died October, 1858, age 17 months.
+
+Mary Jane Deans; died July 8, 1868, age 5 years.
+
+John Spence; died Sept. 29, 1865, age 67 years.
+
+Mrs. Johnson, wife of J. H. Johnson, engineer H. B. Co. steamer
+_Beaver_; died Dec. 22, 1858. (Johnson Street named after him.)
+
+George Leggatt--headstone is illegible.
+
+Barbara, wife of Thomas Mann; age 25 years.
+
+John Miles; died January, 1861; age 35 years.
+
+William Wallis; died Jan. 3, 1862.
+
+Ann Sayward; died August 17, 1870, age 46 years. (Mother of Walter
+Chambers and Joseph Sayward.)
+
+James Chambers; died Dec. 7, 1859 (father of Walter Chambers), age 38
+years.
+
+Joseph Austen; died July 2, 1871, age 89 years. (A pioneer of 1858,
+and also of San Francisco, where he was a prominent member of the
+"vigilance committee." When he was made a judge, sentenced men to
+death during the stirring times of the early fifties in that city.)
+
+John Parks; died June 6, 1862, age 27 years.
+
+Millicent Page, wife of William Page; died Feb. 19, 1864, age 55
+years.
+
+Kenneth Nicholson; died Nov. 10, 1863, aged 35.
+
+John Sparks, killed by explosion on steamer _Cariboo_, Aug. 2,
+1861, age 28 years.
+
+John Murray; died May 6, 1872, age 44 years.
+
+William Henry Downes; died June 17, 1872, age 47 years.
+
+Thomas, son of W. H. and A. J. Huxtable; died Feb. 8, 1869, age 4
+years 9 months.
+
+Anne, wife of Joseph H. Brown; died Aug. 16, 1871, age 31 years.
+
+Jos. H. Brown; died July, 1869, age 39 years.
+
+William and Edith, two children of William B. and Eliza Townsend;
+died in 1868 and 1871. (William B. Townsend was mayor of
+Westminster.)
+
+Hannah, second daughter of John and Christiana Kinsman; died Feb. 26,
+1865, age 7 years. (Daughter of the late Alderman Kinsman.)
+
+Agnes Laumeisler; died Sept. 4, 1861, age 36 years.
+
+Cecil Montague, second son of W. A. G. Young; died June 22, 1865, age
+5 years. (Mr. Young was colonial secretary in 1865.)
+
+Roman Catholic Section.
+
+There are very few of the monuments left standing here. Besides those
+naturally destroyed by time, many have been broken by stones into
+many pieces.
+
+Carroll monument.--This, the second largest and costliest in the
+cemetery, has been very badly used, but it is also one of the oldest.
+Erected by Ellen Carroll, in memory of her beloved husband, John D.
+Carroll, died July 11, 1862, age 38; also in memory of her beloved
+babes, George Washington, born Feb. 22, 1860, died same day; John
+Thomas, born July 26, died same day; Mary Margaret, born Sept. 29,
+1862, and died same day. (Who could blame this bereaved wife and
+mother if she didn't long remain a widow?)
+
+Sosthenes Driard, a native of France, born 1819, died Feb. 15, 1873.
+(This marble stone was in several pieces, and difficult to read, but
+I persevered, as he was so well-known a man in early days, as mine
+host of the Colonial Hotel and afterwards of the Driard House.)
+
+Marie Manciet; died Oct. --, 1868, age 21 years.
+
+Mary Hall; died May 31, 1860, age 40 years. (This headboard is one of
+the best preserved in the cemetery; the black letters stand out as
+clear and bright as if just executed, but the white paint has nearly
+disappeared.)
+
+W. L. Williams; died Dec. 17, 1862, age 20 years.
+
+Jane Forbes; died July 22, 1859, age 26 years.
+
+John Clarke; died Dec. 27, 1860, age 31 years.
+
+James Farrelly; died Jan. --, 1866, age 28 years.
+
+Maria Ragazzoni; died --, 1864.
+
+Marie Newburger, died --, 1861, age 12 years.
+
+Dr. N. M. Clerjon; died Feb. 25, 1861; age 53 years.
+
+To the memory of my darling little Eva, who died July 14, 1863, age 7
+years and 5 months; also her infant brother, age 3 days. J. S.
+Drummond (on a large flat stone.)
+
+Charles H. Blenkinsop, H. B. Co.; died March 22, 1864.
+
+Sacred to the memory of John Wood, from his wife--1864. Note--This is
+one of the best preserved headstones and enclosures in the cemetery,
+the latter being of iron, and 43 years old. My friend, Mr. Higgins,
+in his book "The Mystic Spring," gives the story of this clever
+actor, and his wife also, so I will not enlarge on it.
+
+John Sparks, age 28 years; killed by the explosion of steamer
+_Cariboo_, Aug. 2, 1861.
+
+Smith Baird Jamieson, killed by the explosion of steamer
+_Yale_--April, 1861; Archibald Jamieson, and James Baird
+Jamieson, killed by the explosion of steamer _Cariboo_ in
+Victoria harbor, Aug. 2, 1861, three brothers, sons of Robert
+Jamieson, Brodick, Isle of Arran, Scotland.--I refer my readers to
+Mr. Higgins' book for the story of these brothers also. I remember
+the morning of the explosion of the _Cariboo_. It woke up the
+whole town. I think her bones lie in the mud alongside Turpel's ways
+in Songhees reserve.
+
+William Alexander Mouat, chief trader H. B. Co.; died April 11, 1871,
+aged 50 years; also Clarissa Elizabeth, daughter of the above, age 8
+years. (Father of Mrs. Richard Jones.)
+
+Eleanor M. Johnston; died Feb. 27, 1872.
+
+Elizabeth A. Kennedy; born at Fort Simpson, Nov. 1835, died at Fort
+Victoria, February, 1850; also Dr. John Kennedy, chief trader, H. B.
+Co., died 1859, age 52 years; also Fanny Kennedy, age 25 years; James
+B. Ogilvy, died Dec. 23, 1860, aged 5 years; John D. B. Ogilvy,
+Victoria Lodge, No. 783, F. & A. M., age 30 years; died May 12, 1865.
+(Father, mother, daughter and nephew, and Dr. Kennedy had two sons,
+one master of the Colonial school in 1859, and one clerk in H. B.
+Co.'s store.)
+
+William Wright; died July --, 1870, age 53 years.
+
+John Hender Wood, master of ship _Ellen_; died May 12, 1868, age
+41 years.
+
+George H. Booth; died Sept. 1, 1867, age 1 year 8 months.
+(Wood headboard is in good state of preservation.)
+
+Henry Francis Lee; died June 22, 1872, age 36 years.
+
+Mary Ann Dougherty; died Sept. 5, 1863.
+
+Paul Medana; died Nov. 14, 1868.
+
+James Webster; died Sept. 15, 1862, age 37 years 8 months.
+
+Millicent Page, wife of Wm. Page; died Feb. 19, 1864, age 55 years.
+
+Kenneth Nicholson; died Nov. 10, 1863, age 35 years.
+
+Charles Dodd (Chief Factor H. B. Co.); died June 2, 1860, age 52
+years.
+
+Eleanor M. Johnston; died June 2, 1860.
+
+Victoria's First Cemetery.
+
+The finding of the skeletons in the excavation of Johnson Street this
+week, recalls the last find nearby, a few years ago, in laying
+waterpipes on Douglas Street, and I find, in referring to an article
+I wrote five years ago on clippings from the _Victoria Gazette_,
+Victoria's first newspaper, that "the Council have ordered the
+removal of the bodies from the cemetery on Johnson Street to the new
+cemetery on Quadra." I can well remember seeing this removal; the
+bones where the bodies were not entire being thrown into carts, and
+taken to the Quadra Street Cemetery. I might state that with the
+exception of a few Hudson's Bay Company's employees, those buried
+there were men from Her Majesty's fleet at Esquimalt. This may seem
+a long time ago for vessels of war to be at Esquimalt, but by the
+tombstones in Quadra Street Cemetery, I find there were some of the
+seamen from H. M. S. _Cormorant_ buried in 1846. One of these was
+Benjamin Topp, and also John Miller, of H. M. S. _Thetis_, who
+were drowned in Esquimalt harbor; also W. R. Plummer, James Smith,
+and Charles Parsons, all drowned between Esquimalt and Victoria,
+August 22, 1852; also James D. Trewin and George Williams, February
+4th, 1858. These were all removed to Quadra Street the following
+year.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+PIONEER SOCIETY'S BANQUET.
+
+
+Some Reminiscences.
+
+On the 28th April, 1871, or forty-one years ago, a meeting was held
+in Smith's Hall, which was situated in the building now occupied by
+Hall and Gospel on Government Street. The meeting was called to
+organize a society of the pioneers of British Columbia, and
+especially of Victoria. Among those present, and one who took a
+prominent part in its work, was William P. Sayward. By the death of
+this pioneer I am the sole remaining member of those who founded the
+society. By Mr. Sayward's death this city and province loses a man
+whom any city would be proud of. Knowing him as I had from boyhood, I
+can speak feelingly. He was one of the kindest-hearted men, a man who
+had no enemies that I ever heard of, but hosts of friends. Who ever
+went to him for charity and was refused? Who ever asked forgiveness
+of a debt and was repulsed? Although he was victimized many times, in
+his case virtue was its own reward. From small beginnings, when the
+lumber business was first started on Humboldt Street, on the shores
+of James Bay, to the present time, the Sayward business has gone on
+prospering, having been built on a firm foundation by a kindly and
+honest man, who in February, 1905, passed from our sight to a better
+life. The society elected as its first officers the following:
+President, John Dickson; vice-president, Jules Rueff; treasurer,
+E. Grancini; secretary, Edgar Fawcett; directors, W. P. Sayward,
+H. E. Wilby, Alexander Young, and Sosthenes Driard. Long may the
+society continue. Mr. Sayward's son, Joseph, has since his father's
+death disposed of the business, of which he became the owner, to
+a large corporation, and has retired from business, one of our
+wealthy men.
+
+[Portrait: William P. Sayward.]
+
+Nothing better illustrates what I feel to-day, as the last of the
+charter members who met together at Smith's Hall, on Government
+Street, over Hall & Gospel's office, on the 28th April, 1871, than
+the following lines from my favorite poet, Thomas Moore:
+
+  "Oft in the stilly night,
+  Ere slumber's chain has bound me,
+  Fond memory brings the light
+  Of other days around me.
+
+  "When I remember all
+  The friends so linked together
+  I've seen around me fall,
+  Like leaves in wintry weather.
+
+  "I feel like one who treads alone
+  Some banquet hall deserted;
+  Whose lights are fled, whose garlands dead--
+  And all but he departed."
+
+I have applied this to my visit to Smith's Hall, of which I shall
+tell you. Since the death of my old friend, William P. Sayward, some
+months ago, I have reflected often on the fact that I was the last of
+that little band. The other night I woke up, and remained awake for
+some time; and my thoughts wandered to pioneer days, and from that to
+the gathering of pioneers this year, which, I understood, was to be
+a more extended gathering than usual. I thought I should like to be
+there for the sake of old times, but could not make up my mind to
+brave the disagreeable weather at this time of year.
+
+After considering the matter, I decided to write, if I did not go;
+and, further, I decided to pay a visit to Smith's Hall first. So next
+morning I called on Mr. Kinsman, who kindly showed me upstairs, and
+over the old place. I might well say, "the old place," for it looked
+old and deserted, like the banquet hall spoken of by Moore.
+
+With my mind's eye I pictured the scene of thirty-five years ago--I
+was at the hall early, being enthusiastic on the subject, and noted
+each well-known face as the guests came up the stairs and took their
+seats, until about forty had collected.
+
+There was Thomas Harris, who had been the first mayor of the city. He
+was very stout, and complained of the exertion in climbing up the
+stairs, which was passed off as a joke, of course.
+
+There was Major McDonell, a retired army officer; Robert H. Austen, a
+pioneer of San Francisco, whose uncle, Judge Austen (an early
+resident), had been a prominent member of the "vigilance committee"
+of San Francisco in the early fifties, when men were tried by that
+committee, condemned to death, and hanged, as I myself was a witness
+to on two occasions.
+
+There was William P. Sayward, the father of Joseph Sayward, and one
+of the best men Victoria ever produced; Patrick McTiernan, a
+well-known business man; Captain Gardner, one of Victoria's pilots;
+Henry E. Wilby, father of the Messrs. Wilby of Douglas Street,
+who was Portuguese Consul, and a resident of Esquimalt; Jules Rueff
+and E. Grancini, both Wharf Street merchants; Andrew C. Elliott, a
+barrister, and afterwards premier of the province; Honore Passerard,
+a Frenchman and property holder of Johnson Street; Robert Ridley, who
+claimed he was the original "Old Bob Ridley" who crossed the plains
+to San Francisco in '49; Felix Leslonis, the Hudson's Bay Company's
+cooper, who was a Frenchman, and used to sing a song called "Beau
+Nicolas" at charity concerts, and usually brought down the house.
+
+There was S. Driard, another Frenchman, and proprietor of the Driard
+House, and who being, like Mayor Harris, very corpulent and
+asthmatic, complained, like him, of the "upper room"; James Wilcox,
+the proprietor of Royal Hotel, now proved to have been the "second"
+brick hotel built in Victoria; William Spence, a contractor, and
+after whom Spence's Rock was named; John Dickson, the tinsmith and
+hardware man of Yates Street--a quiet, goodhearted man, an American;
+James Lowe, a Wharf Street merchant, of Lowe Bros.; Frank Campbell,
+of "Campbell's Corner"--genial, goodhearted Frank, a man without an
+enemy; Thomas L. Stahlschmidt, of Henderson & Burnaby, Wharf Street
+merchants, and father of Mr. Stahlschmidt, of R. Ward & Co.
+
+There were Robert Burnaby, already mentioned; J. B. Timmerman,
+accountant and real estate agent, a Frenchman; Benjamin P. Griffin,
+mine host of the Boomerang, who had been a friend of my father's in
+Sydney, Australia, and was accountant in a bank there; and lastly,
+your humble servant, who was secretary of the meeting. There were
+others present, but they did not see fit to become members, among
+them being Ben Griffin.
+
+As I said before, they passed in review before me as I stood there
+thinking; and to-day I think no one lives to tell the tale of that
+gathering.
+
+I am fully in accord with the suggestion that there be a reunion of
+all pioneers of early Victoria; but I think it should be in the
+summer, when as many as possible could be there, and it might be made
+very interesting by a recital of the personal recollections of those
+present. I should like to hear Mr. Higgins, for I am sure he has not
+yet told all he knows of the early history of Victoria.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+VICTORIA DISTRICT CHURCH.
+
+
+I read with a great deal of pleasure the article on Christ Church by
+Canon Beanlands. These reminiscences of former days in Victoria have
+a charm for me that is not easy to describe. More particularly is
+this the case in the present instance, as my very earliest
+recollections of this fair city are connected with Victoria District
+Church. My mother was a devout church woman, and I attended her in
+her frequent and regular attendance. She encouraged me to join the
+choir as a boy in 1861 and taught me music, and my first position in
+the church in connection with its musical services was as organ
+blower. I afterwards took my seat with the adults, singing treble,
+then alto and tenor, and I have now the treble score of several
+anthems copied by myself at that time.
+
+I shall now describe the church as I remember it in 1859 and 1862.
+The inside was an oblong square. The entrance was at the south-west
+corner, and there was a gallery across the west end, where the old
+organ and the choir were then situated. Under this gallery were pews,
+one of which was occupied by our family. The vestry was at the
+south-west corner, and had entrance from under the gallery as well as
+from outside. The inside of the building was lathed and plastered.
+There was a low tower at the south-west corner, dovecote shaped,
+where the pigeons made their nests and brought forth their young.
+There were two bells in the tower, one larger than the other,
+which when rung sounded ding-dong, ding-dong three times a day,
+morning, afternoon and evening of Sunday, and also Wednesday
+evenings. A plan shows a square contrivance opposite the entrance.
+This was Governor Douglas' pew, and was occupied by the Governor and
+his family regularly each Sunday morning. He walked down the aisle in
+his uniform in the most dignified manner, and led the congregation in
+the responses in an audible voice. By the plan an organ and choir are
+shown in the gallery as well as one in the chancel, but the dates
+1859 and 1862 explain that in 1862 there was a new organ, and the old
+one removed, and the gallery done away with. It was in this gallery
+my services commenced as organ blower, and the only one I can now
+remember as singing in the choir at that early date was John Butts, a
+young man lately from Australia. He had a nice tenor voice, and was
+very regular in attendance for some time, until he fell from grace.
+He was the town crier afterwards and a noted character. Mr. Higgins
+speaks of him in the "Mystic Spring."
+
+[Illustration: Victoria district church.]
+
+One Sunday morning in 1862 or 1863, while Bishop Hills was preaching,
+a man walked into the church and cried out, "My Lord, the church is
+on fire!" Judge Pemberton, one of the officers of the church, with
+others got on to the ceiling through a manhole above the gallery, and
+walked on the rafters to where the fire was located. He missed his
+footing and came through the lath and plaster, but luckily did not
+fall to the floor below, but, like Mahomet's coffin, hung suspended
+by his arms until rescued from above. The congregation were soon
+outside, and with willing help the fire was soon extinguished. The
+church was built and opened in August, 1856, under the supervision of
+Mr. William Leigh, who was in charge of Uplands Farm, Cadboro
+Bay, and was in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company. Mr. Leigh
+was a man of very good attainments, being a good musician and
+contributing to the various entertainments of those days, when
+regular entertainments by professionals were few and far between. He
+subsequently was City Clerk, being the second to hold that position,
+after Mr. Nathaniel M. Hicks, who was appointed clerk on the city
+being incorporated. Mr. Hicks is buried in Quadra Street Cemetery,
+and his headstone is in evidence to-day as a mute appeal to our city
+fathers to put the place in order. I might say that Mr. Leigh was the
+father of a numerous family, but I believe, with the exception of a
+son, Ernest, who resides in San Francisco, and a granddaughter, Mrs.
+George Simpson, who resides here, all have passed away.
+
+Victoria District church was destroyed by fire in 1869, one evening
+about 10 o'clock, the alarm being given by a Catholic priest on his
+way home, who with Mr. James Kennedy (who lived with me), was passing
+over the hill. Of the early pioneer clergy connected with the church,
+Mr. Cridge, the incumbent, was first; then Bishop Hills; the Rev. R.
+J. Dundas, afterward rector of St. John's; Rev. Alexander C. Garrett,
+now Bishop of Dallas, Texas, and Rev. George Crickmer, who
+subsequently was sent to Langley or Yale.
+
+[Portrait: Bishop George Hills.]
+
+The organ used up to 1861 or 1862 was situated in the gallery, and
+had three barrels, each of ten tunes, so that thirty tunes was the
+limit. Mr. Seeley, who owned the Australian House, which stood until
+lately at the north end of the Causeway, was an attendant at the
+church, and being an organ-builder undertook to improvise a keyboard
+attachment for this barrel organ. This keyboard was used on Sunday
+mornings and on special occasions by Mrs. Atwood (Mrs. T. Sidney
+Wilson of St. Charles Street.) At evening services the music
+was produced by the barrels, worked by a handle, and the writer on
+these occasions was the "organist." An amusing incident occurred one
+Sunday evening when I, forgetting the number of verses of a hymn to
+be sung, stopped playing, and the congregation commenced another
+verse. Seeing that I had made an error I began again two notes
+behind. This made confusion worse confounded, as may be supposed, but
+having commenced I continued to the end of the verse. This being the
+closing hymn, "Lord, Dismiss Us with Thy Blessing," I was not long in
+making my exit from the church, as I did not wish to meet Mr. Cridge
+or any of the church officers, being only a youth and anticipating
+censure, but I forget if I got it. About this time a committee of
+ladies of the church, among whom were Mrs. A. T. Bushby, mother of
+Mrs. W. P. Bullen, and Mrs. Good, her sister, both daughters of the
+Governor, Mrs. Senator Macdonald, and Mrs. Cridge collected a large
+sum of money and sent to England for a fine pipe organ which I
+suppose is the one in use to-day. The first organist of this organ
+was a Mr. Whittaker, and of the choir, as near as I can remember
+them, were the Misses Harriet and Annie Thorne, Mrs. T. Sidney
+Wilson, Mrs. Macdonald and her two sisters the Misses Reid, Dr. J. C.
+Davie, Alex. Davie, his brother, Mr. Willoughby, Robert Jenkinson,
+Albert F. Hicks, John Bagnall, my brother Rowland and myself. Mr.
+Walter Chambers, as a youth, was organ blower also about this time.
+The first sexton and verger was William Raby, and the next John
+Spelde, who had charge of the Quadra Street Cemetery, digging the
+graves and collecting the fees for the same.
+
+I have spun this article out beyond what I intended, but I must be
+excused as I don't know when I have said enough on pioneer days.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+CHRISTMAS IN PIONEER DAYS.
+
+
+  "... When I remember all the friends so linked together
+  ... Fond memory brings the light of other days around me."
+
+I have been requested to give my recollection of a Victoria Christmas
+in the good old days, as to how it was spent and conditions
+generally. In the first place, in speaking of "the good old days" of
+the sixties, I would not convey the impression that they were
+literally so good, for they were, so far as I can remember, some of
+the hardest that Victoria has seen.
+
+There is a something in recollections of the past that have been
+pleasant that is indescribable. It is easier felt than described, and
+I have no doubt is felt by many old-timers in this city to-day. Ask
+them to describe these feelings and they would be nonplussed. "Mark
+Twain" was written to by the pioneers of California inviting him to
+come and speak of the early days of San Francisco, when he was
+himself a pioneer of the Pacific. What his reply was I now forget,
+but it was something to this effect: "Do you wish to see an old man
+overcome and weep as he recalls those pioneer days?" These were a
+few words of what he said in reply to that invitation. "The good
+old days" may not have been the most prosperous, nor the happiest
+that "Mark Twain" may have spent, but there was a something, a
+charm indescribable that he felt, but could not express. I feel
+this way myself.
+
+It is Christmas and its surroundings in any age that help to make
+these pleasing regrets. The incidents and the persons connected with
+them are gone and can never be recalled. The friends we knew then,
+whom we may have met at one of those Christmas gatherings, we see
+them as they pass before our mental vision. Where are they all
+to-day? The Quadra Street Cemetery might be able to tell, for each is
+"in his narrow cell forever laid."
+
+I have rambled far enough, and it is time I got to my story.
+
+I would remark in passing that Christmas, to be genuine, should be
+bright and frosty, with a flurry of snow, and this with walking
+exercise makes the blood to flow freely, and makes one feel better
+able to enjoy the festive occasion.
+
+Well, we had just such weather in those days, and such weather is
+sadly lacking in these. Our climate has changed very much since then.
+Less snow and cold and more rain now. Tinkle, tinkle, tinkle! The
+merry sleigh bell! After the advent of the first snow, and when deep
+enough, there might be heard the sleigh-bell, either on a grocer's or
+butcher's sleigh, or on an improvised sleigh made from a dry-goods
+case with a pair of runners attached, to which would be fastened a
+pair of shafts from a buggy or wagon not now usable. Everyone who
+owned a horse had a sleigh at little cost, and good use was made of
+it while the snow lasted. Long drives in the country or to church, or
+to a Christmas party or dance. I can see such a merry sleigh party
+of young people, the girls well wrapped up peeping over their furs,
+laughing and dodging the snowballs thrown by a party of boys
+around the corner, who are always waiting for the next one to
+come along.
+
+  "Where is now the merry party I remember long ago,
+  Laughing round the Christmas fire, brightened by its ruddy glow;
+  Or in summer's balmy evenings, in the field upon the hay?
+  They have all dispersed and wandered, far away, far away!"
+
+We nearly all went to church--the Anglicans, and many Nonconformists
+with them--on Christmas morning, and the Catholics on Christmas Eve.
+But first of all there was the preparation for the event. About a
+week before wagon-loads of young fir trees were brought in from the
+outskirts, and every storekeeper and many householders procured
+enough to decorate the front of the house or shop, a tree being tied
+to each verandah post. In those days no shop was complete without its
+wooden awning, as may be seen in many of the old photos of that
+period. Imagine Government Street, both sides, from end to end, one
+continuous line of green, relieved with, it might be, white; just
+enough snow to cover the ground, "bright and crisp and even."
+
+I have often longed for such a Christmas in these degenerate times,
+when rain is nearly always the order of the day. All the Christmas
+shopping was done during Christmas week. The fancy goods stores of
+those days were few--"Hibben & Carswell," "The London Bazaar," and
+David Spencer. The former was then on Yates Street, corner of
+Langley, and the other two in Government Street; and I must not
+forget Thomas Gorrie on Fort Street. There was not the choice in toys
+and fancy articles then. Children were satisfied with less, and were
+just as happy. The beautiful and expensive dolls then were of
+wax, and being susceptible to frost, were taken great care of. The
+butchers' and grocers' shops were then as now a great attraction
+at Christmas, and we had all to pay one visit at least to Johnny
+Stafford's (afterwards Stafford & Goodacre), Thomas Harris' two
+shops, and Fred. Reynolds', on the corner of Yates and Douglas,
+and I doubt if a better show (for quality) is made to-day.
+
+At Christmas there was the usual influx of miners from far-off
+Cariboo down to spend the winter in Victoria, with pockets well-lined
+with nuggets. It was "easy come, easy go" with them, and liberal were
+the purchases they made for their relations and friends.
+
+Christmas Eve, after dinner, mother or father or both with the
+children were off to buy the last of the presents, visit the shops or
+buy their Christmas dinner, for many left it till then. Turkey might
+not have been within their reach, but geese, wild or tame, took their
+place. Sucking pig was my favorite dish. Wild duck and grouse (fifty
+cents per pair), with fine roasts of beef. Of course plum pudding was
+in evidence with poor as well as rich, although eggs at Christmas
+were one dollar per dozen.
+
+A great feature of Christmas time was shooting for turkeys and geese
+at several outlying places, and raffles for turkeys at several of the
+principal saloons and hotels. The place I best remember was the Brown
+Jug, kept by Tommy Golden.
+
+A special feature of the saloons on Christmas Eve was "egg-nog," and
+all we young fellows dropped in for a glass on our way to midnight
+mass at the Catholic Church on Humboldt Street. It was one of
+the attractions of Christmas Eve, and the church was filled to
+overflowing, and later on there was standing room only. We went
+to hear the singing, which was best obtainable, Mademoiselle La
+Charme, Mrs. A. Fellows (daughter of Sir Rowland Hill), Charles
+Lombard, Mr. Wolff, and Mr. Schmidt. These were assisted by the
+sisters, many of whom had nice voices. Amongst the well-dressed city
+people were many Cariboo miners--trousers tucked in their boots, said
+trousers held in position with a belt, and maybe no coat or vest on.
+When the time came for the collection, all hands dug down in their
+pockets and a generous collection was the result. My old friend, Tom
+Burnes, was one of the collectors on one occasion. There were not
+sufficient collecting plates, and Mr. Burnes took his hat and went
+amongst the crowd who were standing up in the rear of the church.
+As he passed through a group of miners, friend Tom was heard to
+say, "Now, boys, be liberal," and the response was all that could
+be desired; for, as I said before, it was "easy come, easy go."
+"Twelve-thirty," service is over, we are off to bed, for we must be
+up betimes in the morning for service at 11 o'clock.
+
+"When I remember all the friends so linked together," who met on
+those Christmas mornings long ago, I think, how many are there left?
+Those of the choir who led in the anthem, "And There Were Shepherds
+Keeping Watch," and the hymns, "Christians, Awake," and "Hark, the
+Herald Angels Sing." Of those who met at the church door afterwards
+to shake hands all round, "A Merry Christmas," "The Compliments of
+the Season," and many other good wishes--of all these a few are left,
+amongst them Bishop Cridge, Senator and Mrs. Macdonald, Dr. Helmcken,
+David W. Higgins, Judges Walkem and Drake, Mrs. Wootton, Charles
+Hayward, Edward Dickinson, Mrs. Ella, Mr. and Mrs. George Richardson,
+Mrs. Pemberton, and Mrs. Jesse, and maybe a few others I cannot
+now remember. Well, all things must come to an end, and so must this
+reminiscence of an "Early Christmas in Victoria," and in closing I
+wish all those mentioned here a "Happy Christmas and many of them."
+
+(Note.--Several of those mentioned are since dead.--E. F.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+THE QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY FORTY YEARS AGO.
+
+
+The reproduction of an item in the _Colonist_ of "Forty Years
+Ago," giving a list of the committee formed to prepare a programme
+for the celebration of the Queen's Birthday, called my attention to
+the names of that committee. They are nearly all familiar. His
+Worship the Mayor, I think, was Mr. Harris, who was our first mayor;
+next follows Doctor Tolmie, chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Company;
+Wm. J. Macdonald, now senator; Lumley Franklin, was a prominent
+citizen, an English Jew. There were two brothers, the elder being
+named Selim. They were real estate brokers and auctioneers. Lumley
+was a clever amateur actor and as a member of the Victoria Amateur
+Dramatic Association he took a prominent part in all the
+entertainments for charity in those days. John Wilkie was a Wharf
+Street merchant. Mr. W. T. Drake was the late Judge Drake; D. B. Ring
+was a prominent barrister, who, when not in court, might have been
+seen walking about with a couple of dogs and a hunting crop under his
+arm. He was one of the old school. Allan Francis, the first American
+Consul to Victoria, a man liked by everyone; James A. McCrae, an
+American auctioneer, and very fond of sport; Mr. T. Johnston was
+manager for Findlay, Durham & Brodie; James Lowe, of Lowe Brothers,
+Wharf Street, merchants; William Charles, chief factor of Hudson's
+Bay Company; Captain Delacombe, in charge of the garrison on
+San Juan Island; E. Grancini, hardware merchant, with whom Charles
+Lombard was chief salesman; T. L. Stahlschmidt, of Findlay, Durham &
+Brodie; Captain Stamp, a millman, representing an English company who
+owned a large mill at Alberni; Godfrey Brown, late of Honolulu, a
+clever member of the Victoria Amateur Dramatic Association. I might
+mention this association had many very clever men as members, who
+would have graced any stage. Mr. Higgins, with myself, have written
+of the theatrical performances by this club in early days. Next is
+A. R. Green, of Janion, Green & Rhodes, of Store Street; J. D.
+Pemberton, colonial surveyor; J. C. Nicholson, who married pretty
+Mary Dorman; George J. Findlay, of Findlay, Durham & Brodie; Francis
+Garesche, of Garesche-Green's Bank; C. W. R. Thomson, manager of the
+Victoria Gas Works; George Pearkes, barrister; Lieutenants Brooks and
+Hastings, of H.M.S. _Zealous_, the first ironclad to come into the
+Pacific around Cape Horn, and Sheriff Elliott.
+
+This was a strong committee, for those days. All prominent men and
+good workers.
+
+[Portrait: Thomas Harris.]
+
+Beacon Hill was the head centre of sport, and far enough from town,
+as nearly all of us walked. But all kinds of conveyances were brought
+into requisition to take people out, especially from Esquimalt and
+the country. We had to rely on the navy then as always. The two
+livery stables of J. W. Williams, on the corner now occupied by Prior
+& Co., and William G. Bowman, on Yates Street, where the Poodle Dog
+stands, furnished busses and buggies, and large express wagons were
+also improvised, seats being put in for the occasion. With my mind's
+eye I can see Thomas Harris, first mayor.
+
+The chief event of the day was the horse races, and the mayor was an
+enthusiastic horse-fancier and steward of the Jockey Club. These
+attractions were nothing without Mr. Harris, coupled with Commander
+Lascelles, of the gunboat _Forward_, a son of the Earl of
+Harewood, and John Howard, of Esquimalt. The time for the first race
+is near, the bell rings (John Butts was bellman), and the portly
+figure of Mr. Harris on horseback appears. "Now, gentlemen, clear the
+course," and there is a general scattering of people outside the
+rails, and the horses with their gaily dressed jockeys canter past
+the grandstand, make several false starts, then off they go. It is a
+mile heat round the hill, best two out of three to win. Oh! what
+exciting things these races were to us old-timers, who were satisfied
+with a little. The grandstand stood due south of the flagpole, and
+stood there for years after the races were held elsewhere. I must not
+forget to mention the Millingtons, of Esquimalt, who always rode John
+Howard's horses at these meetings; they were born jockeys. I think
+one of them still lives near Esquimalt. I would we had such Queen's
+weather now as we had then. May was then more like what July is now
+for warmth, with beautiful clear skies; they were days worth
+remembering. Everyone went out for the day, and whole families might
+have been seen either riding in express wagons, busses, or trudging
+along on foot, carrying baskets of provisions. Soon the hill was
+covered with picnickers, as well as the surrounding woods. There was
+plenty of good cheer and good-natured folk to dispense that cheer,
+not only to their own, but to those who had not come provided. "Why,
+how do you do, Mrs. Smith? Mr. Smith, how are you? You are just
+in time. Make room for Mrs. Smith, John, alongside you; Annie
+and Mary can sit by Ellen. Oh, of course, you'll lunch with us!
+There, we are all ready now, so fall to!" This is a sample of the
+good-heartedness of the old-timers. Everyone knew everybody, and all
+were as one family.
+
+The navy was represented by bluejackets and marines by the hundreds.
+Bands of music, Aunt Sally, and the usual side shows were there. Aunt
+Sally was usually run by a lot of sailors, or soldiers, with faces
+painted like circus clowns, and dressed in motley garments. "Now,
+ladies and gents, walk up and 'ave a shy at Aunt Sally; the dear old
+girl don't mind being 'it a bit; she is so good-natured; that's a
+right h'excellent shot that, 'ave another try." The same scene was
+likely being enacted some distance off with "Punch and Judy," and you
+may be sure that "Jack" was principal in this show as well, for where
+there is fun there Jack is. I must not forget the music. Outside the
+local band there was always a naval band, of a flagship usually, such
+as the _Ganges_ or _Sutlej_, which were "three-deckers,"
+line-o'-battleships which would have put an ordinary battleship to
+blush. It was supposed that the officers subscribed to the band fund,
+and as there were many officers on a large ship, and well-to-do at
+that, they had good music. The _Ganges_ band was something worth
+hearing, about twenty-four strong. It was often heard in Victoria,
+either at a naval funeral or at some public function. The navy was
+the mainspring of Victoria in more ways than one. They took part in
+all public functions, furnishing music, help and flags, and by their
+presence in uniform brightened up and lent grace to the affair. Do we
+realize how great a loss their absence to the city is? We ought to
+have found out the difference by now. The races are over, the day's
+celebration is near its end. Some of those who came early with
+children are tired out and have gone home, others will soon follow,
+as a general packing up of baskets is going on. "Jack" no longer
+calls on the passerby to have a shy at Old Aunt Sally, Punch has
+killed his wife and baby for the last time. Parties of bluejackets
+are moving off with one playing a tin whistle, to which some are
+singing. The day draws to a close, and in the words of the immortal
+Gray, "Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight," and I
+close this recital of echoes of a past--Queen's Birthday forty odd
+years ago.
+
+Through the kindness of Mr. Albert H. Maynard I am enabled to produce
+an old picture of Beacon Hill during a celebration.
+
+[Illustration: Queen's birthday, Beacon Hill.]
+
+The following account of the regatta during the celebration of the
+Queen's Birthday appears in the _British Colonist_ of May 25th,
+1868:
+
+"The first of the festivities forming a part of the celebration of
+the forty-ninth celebration of Queen Victoria's Birthday took place
+on Saturday, and was in every respect a great success. The day,
+although warmer than usual, was well suited for the picnic parties
+which occupied the banks of our beautiful Arm, all the way from the
+bridge to the Gorge. It is estimated that there were one thousand
+persons assembled altogether. Early in the morning the town bore a
+most lively appearance, flags were flying from all the principal
+buildings and the shipping, and by half-past ten the streets were
+full of well-dressed persons wending their way to the Hudson's Bay
+Company's wharf, where the steam launch and barges of the _Zealous_
+were placed at the disposal of the Committee by the Admiral to convey
+them up the Arm. The managing committee were here represented by
+Messrs. Stuart and Franklin, whose arrangements were admirable.
+From the wharf to the Gorge the Arm wore a most animated appearance.
+From Her Majesty's gunboat _Forward_, all decked in colors, which
+took up her position near the bridge, down to the meanest craft, the
+water was covered with boats laden with people full of merriment and
+joy. From Curtis' Point, where the barges delivered their living
+freight, the scene was really enchanting. An arch of flags spanning
+the water, the high banks covered with tents, the bridge and every
+spot on both sides of the Arm crowded with people, and the roads
+lined with equestrians, amongst whom were many ladies, gave the
+happiest effect to the whole scene. We cannot recall a single
+celebration which was more appreciated or enjoyable than our regatta
+of Saturday. Much of this success, it must not be forgotten, must
+be attributed to the gracious manner in which Admiral Hastings
+co-operated with the committee to secure the comfort and convenience
+of the public, and without which kindness and attention the day would
+have been shorn of most of its enjoyment. Owing to the severe illness
+of His Excellency the Governor he was prevented from being present.
+We observed Mrs. Seymour, Mrs. Hills, the Admiral, Sir James Douglas
+and family, the Chief Justice, Colonial Secretary, officers of
+the fleet and several of the principal officials and families.
+A more universal assemblage was never known; clergymen of every
+denomination, men of all politics, people of all nations, rich and
+poor, in fact, mingled together freely, forgetting the sectional and
+social differences which divide them, acted as became the occasion,
+that of honoring the monarch whose virtues are an example to
+the world. The racing was not so successful as last year, but,
+nevertheless, was good, and under the management of Mr. Hastings
+and Mr. Kelly gave perfect satisfaction.
+
+"The amusements concluded by a duck hunt, but the men were not seen
+by more than a dozen people; it may be considered the only failure of
+the day. We must not omit to mention that two new racing gigs were
+built for the occasion, respectively by Mr. Trahey and Mr.
+Lachapelle, boat builders, who take the greatest interest in the
+regattas, and spare nothing to make them successful. These boats were
+both defeated in their maiden races, but the design and workmanship
+of the _Zealous_ and _Amateur_, it is said, would reflect
+credit on any country."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+EVOLUTION OF THE VICTORIA POST-OFFICE.
+
+
+[Portrait: Henry Wootton.]
+
+I have before me at the present moment the envelope of an old letter.
+It was received from England in 1863 by my father. The three stamps
+on it show a value of 34 cents--one shilling, one fourpence and one
+penny. It is only a single letter, and a small one at that. In fact,
+if it were any larger it would have had more postage on it. Just
+think of the difference between now and then. The first postmaster I
+remember in Victoria was J. D'ewes. Something went wrong with the
+finances during his incumbency and he suddenly disappeared with a
+large sum for a more congenial clime (Australia, I think). D'ewes had
+one clerk to assist him in the work of the post-office, by name J. M.
+Morrison. He was succeeded by Mr. Henry Wootton, father of Stephen
+Wootton, registrar-general, and Edward Wootton, the barrister. Mrs.
+Wootton, senior, is still with us, hale and hearty, I am glad to say.
+The late J. M. Sparrow was also connected with the early Victoria
+post-office with Mr. Wootton. I well remember when the post-office
+was on Government Street, opposite the C. P. R. telegraph office, in
+a small wooden structure with a verandah in front, as was the fashion
+in those days for all business places. I also remember it when it was
+on Wharf Street, north of the Hudson's Bay Company's store, occupying
+the lower floor, while Edward B. Marvin's sail-loft occupied the
+upper. The staff then consisted of Mr. Wootton and J. M. Sparrow, as
+before stated, with occasional extra assistants, say on the arrival
+of an English mail, which came then via the Isthmus of Panama and San
+Francisco. The "whole staff" had to work hard then, and long hours,
+even into the morning. I have seen a line of letter hunters reaching
+from the post-office up Wharf Street nearly to Yates, waiting for
+the mail to be sorted and the wicket to open. I especially remember
+one evening in 1865. The San Francisco steamer had arrived in the
+afternoon at Esquimalt, and at eight o'clock there had not been a
+letter delivered, although the staff had worked like beavers to get
+the mails sorted. The mails from Europe arrived about twice a month,
+and not regularly at that. The _Colonist_ would state that "there
+was no mail again," but that it might be expected to-morrow. It was
+a day of importance when it did arrive, and people naturally were
+anxious to get their letters, even if it necessitated their standing
+in the street in line, maybe at ten o'clock at night. Many a time a
+dollar has been paid for a favorable place in line near the wicket by
+someone whose time was considered too valuable to spend in waiting
+for his turn.
+
+A good deal of banter was indulged in by those in line. The
+anticipation of their hearing from friends at home made them
+good-natured, and brought out the best that was in them. And, oh!
+when the wicket was at last opened, distribution commenced and the
+line moved on and up, there was a shout of joy and satisfaction.
+Those were memorable days in Victoria's history, the good old days of
+long ago.
+
+[Illustration: Drawing of Government St. with old Bastion.]
+
+I remember again when the post-office was on Government Street again,
+this time where Weiler Brothers' building now stands, still in
+wood, and in no more pretentious a building than the former ones.
+From there it was moved again up Government Street to the old site,
+opposite the C. P. R. telegraph office, until that place got too
+small, and a final move was made to its present location, and a large
+addition is soon to be made to keep pace with the rapid growth of
+the city. Letters were an expensive luxury in the early days, as
+this table of rates will show: To send a half ounce letter to Great
+Britain cost 34c., British North American provinces 20c., France
+50c., Germany 40c., Holland 57c., Norway 56c., Portugal 68c., Sweden
+52c., and San Francisco 15c. Most of the letters from the latter
+place were received by Wells Fargo's express, and cost, I think, 3c.,
+and special charge of 25c. on each letter. I have already described
+the receipt of Wells Fargo's express from Esquimalt in the early
+times, and how John Parker, now of Metchosin, used to meet the
+steamer at Esquimalt. When she was expected their messenger, whose
+name was Miller, and a colored man, used to watch from Church Hill,
+and on her being sighted at Race Rocks the express flag was hoisted
+in front of their office on Yates Street to let the citizens know the
+fact. Before the steamer made a landing the letter-bags were thrown
+ashore to John Parker, and fastened on his horse, then off he
+galloped to Victoria, the horse being covered with sweat on arrival
+at the express office, where the letters were called off by Colonel
+Pendergast, or Major Gillingham, to a crowded audience.
+
+On the death of Mr. Wootton, I believe Mr. Robert Wallace was the
+next to fill the position, which he did for some years. When he
+retired he went to his former home in Scotland. On his retirement the
+position was offered to the present incumbent, Mr. Noah Shakespeare,
+who so ably fills it. I might say, to show the growth of the
+post-office in this city since Mr. Wootton's time, when he with two
+assistants carried on the work, that to-day the staff, including
+letter-carriers, numbers forty-eight.
+
+The registered parcels and letters for last year were just twice the
+year before, with a large increase in money orders, and to show the
+large increase in letters in one evening at Christmas, twelve
+thousand were received and cancelled in the post-office.
+
+In conclusion I would ask, were not letters which cost 34c. postage
+in those days more appreciated than a lot of letters now at 2c. each?
+It is the old story over again, that a thing easy to get is thought
+little of.
+
+I might say this article was written in May, 1908, and at the present
+writing, December, 1911, the volume of business of the Victoria
+post-office has increased nearly fifty per cent.--that is, in three
+years. It might be interesting to note that of the present staff Mr.
+Thomas Chadwick, in charge of the money order office, is senior in
+years of service, having joined the staff in 1880. Next comes Mr.
+Charles Finlaison, 1882, and Mr. James Smith, 1887. The deputy
+postmaster, Mr. T. A. Cairns, joined the staff in Winnipeg in 1880,
+and the Victoria staff in 1882. Mr. Shakespeare, postmaster, has been
+head of the department here since 1888.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+FIFTY YEARS AGO.
+
+
+It is said, and I think truthfully, that youthful impressions are
+more lasting than any others. This is my own experience, for my mind
+is stored with early reminiscences. It is verified by no less a
+person than my dear old friend, Bishop Cridge, who told me quite
+recently that he well remembered an incident that occurred to him
+when he was between three and four years old--that of a regiment of
+soldiers passing through his native village, and of his following
+them quite a distance from his home, and of the distress of his
+family on discovering his absence. In a long life of ninety-one years
+this is, I think, remarkable. Well, this is not the subject of my
+present writing. It is to give my impressions of this fair city fifty
+years ago, as I remember it as a child.
+
+To-day fifty years ago I landed with my parents and brothers on the
+Hudson's Bay Company's wharf, having arrived from San Francisco on
+the steamer _Northerner_, which docked at Esquimalt, as all
+large ocean steamers then did. We came from Esquimalt on a small
+steamer, the _Emma_, or _Emily Harris_. The latter steamer
+was built, I think, by Thomas Harris, and named after his daughter,
+Mrs. William Wilson, whom I am pleased to know is still a resident
+with her family. The scene will ever be impressed on my mind as I saw
+my future home on that 12th day of February, 1859. Outside Johnson
+Street on the north, Blanchard Street on the east, and the north end
+of James Bay bridge on the south, everything else was country--oak
+and pine trees, with paths only, otherwise trails made by Indians and
+cattle. Within this wood under the oaks were wildflowers of all kinds
+in profusion. Through these woods and by these paths I went day by
+day to the old Colonial School on the site of the present Central.
+With the exception of private schools kept by the late Edward
+Mallandaine, and another kept by the late John Jessop, our school
+supplied the wants of the time. It was built of squared logs,
+whitewashed, and was the residence of the master as well. It was
+situated in the middle of a large tract of land which is to-day used
+for school purposes. The school was built in the middle of a grove
+of oaks, and there could not have been a more beautiful spot. Under
+these oaks we boys and girls (alas, how few are left), sat at noon
+and ate our lunch, or rested after a game of ball, or "hunt the
+hounds." Those were happy days in their rustic simplicity, and so
+will those say who remain to-day, fifty years later. There are
+several living here in the still fair city of Victoria, but how many
+have gone to that bourne whence no traveller yet returned?
+
+We made what would now be considered a pretty long trip from San
+Francisco, eleven days. Just think of it, long enough to have gone to
+Europe. We passed on and out of the east gate on to Fort Street. How
+strange it all looked to me after the large city of San Francisco. As
+I have before stated, nearly the whole block from the Brown Jug
+corner to Broad Street was an orchard. I "borrowed" apples from this
+orchard later on, and good they tasted, and like stolen sweets were
+sweetest. Fort Street from Government up was a quagmire of mud,
+this street not having been paved, as it was later, with boulders
+from the beach and with a top layer of gravel or pebbles, also from
+the beach. The sidewalk on the Five Sisters' side of the street was
+made of slabs, round side up, and was very slippery in wet weather.
+This I have from my brother. I can remember the other side of the
+street was made of two boards laid lengthwise.
+
+Douglas Street had many tents on it, as well as did Johnson. Where
+the Five Sisters' block stands was a log house, set back from the
+street. This was the company's bakery, where I used to go for bread
+at 25c. a loaf (about four pounds). There was not a brick building on
+the west side of Government Street save the residence of Thomas
+Harris on the corner of Bastion. His daughter, Mrs. Wilson, with a
+large family, is with us to-day. This building was afterward
+converted into the Bank of British Columbia.
+
+[Portrait: George Richardson.]
+
+The only brick building on the east side was the Victoria Hotel, now
+the Windsor, the first brick building in Victoria, constructed by
+George Richardson, still a resident. Where the B. C. Market is now
+was a neat cottage built of squared logs whitewashed, with green door
+and window casings. It was the residence of Dr. Johnson of the
+company's service. The corner now occupied by the Bank of Commerce
+and the C. P. R. offices was vacant lots, and there were many other
+vacant lots on that side of Government Street, both north and south.
+There was a lake on View Street above Quadra, with good duck shooting
+in winter. Fort Street from the corner of Douglas Street east was
+blank, with the exception of a lot of Hudson's Bay Company's barns,
+set back in the block. This was, I believe, the site of a farm before
+1858, for there were so many evidences of it when I played in
+these barns as a child, often helping, as I thought, to unload hay
+for the cattle which were kept here in the winter.
+
+A deep ravine ran east and west between Johnson and Pandora Streets
+into Victoria harbor. This ravine was bridged at Store, Government
+and Douglas Streets, behind Porter's building. There were only two
+wharves in the harbor south of the bridge to the Indian reserve. Over
+this bridge all traffic passed to Esquimalt and surrounding country
+until Point Ellice bridge was built.
+
+The Songhees reserve was covered with Indian lodges, and the Indians
+were numbered by hundreds. At times of feasts, when they had a
+potlatch, or at the making of a "medicine-man," the reserve was a
+lively place and the noise deafening with their yells, both day and
+night. It was unsafe to go there at night when these celebrations
+were held. Many outrages were committed on passers-by by Indians when
+in a state of drunkenness.
+
+Over James Bay to what is now the outer dock, was a forest of pines
+and oak trees, with very few residences. With all this rustic
+simplicity we lived and enjoyed the passing hour. We have many things
+now we did not dream of then; not knowing of them we did not miss
+them, and were just as happy without them. I might conclude thus
+with:
+
+  "Victoria, the sweetest village of the west,
+  Scene of my youth, I love thee best."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+FORTY YEARS AGO.
+
+
+April, 1908.
+
+Sir,--I am always interested in "Forty Years Ago." It brings back to
+me food for thought, especially of late, when so many old-timers have
+passed away. Before commenting on the _Colonist's_ "Forty Years
+Ago" in Saturday's issue, I would remark that I expected mention to
+have been made in the article on the late R. S. Byrn, that he was a
+newspaper man for some years. I remember Mr. Byrn as bookkeeper for
+the _Standard_, under Amor De Cosmos, forty-two years ago,
+seeing him every day, as the _Standard_ office was next door to
+my father's store on Government Street, opposite Trounce Avenue. The
+_Standard_, like the _Colonist_, was started by Amor De
+Cosmos. The first item of interest on Saturday is the sailing of the
+steamer _Enterprise_ for New Westminster (she made only two
+trips a week); among her passengers were Chief Justice Needham, Rev.
+E. White (the pioneer minister of the Wesleyan Church in Victoria),
+and R. Holloway. The latter is connected with the government
+_Gazette_ to-day.
+
+The next item announces the first cricket match of the season at
+Beacon Hill. The Victoria eleven are Charles Clark, a clever amateur
+actor who helped to make a success of the various entertainments our
+club gave for charity in these days; E. Dewdney, afterwards
+Governor; --. Walker, a prominent barrister of those days; Joseph
+Wilson, of the firm of W. & J. Wilson; Josiah Barnett, cashier of
+the McDonald Bank; C. Guerra, a remittance man; C. Green, of Janion,
+Green & Rhodes; Thomas Tye, of Mathews, Richard & Tye; John Howard,
+of Esquimalt; Gold Commissioner Ball, and last though not least,
+Judge Drake. A cricket match in those days was always able to draw a
+crowd, being the ball game of the day. In this match the name does
+not appear of a Mr. Richardson, who was a professional player and at
+least an extra fine player, who came here about that time with a
+visiting team. He is still in Victoria, as I saw him quite lately.
+
+Among the passengers by the steamer _California_ for San
+Francisco, I note Rev. Dr. Evans, of the Methodist Church, and
+family; C. C. Pendergast, in charge of Wells Fargo's bank and
+express, an important institution then; J. H. Turner, (Hon.) William
+Lawson, of the Bank of British North America, and brother of James H.
+Lawson; R. P. Rithet & Co., Mr. and Mrs. Pidwell, whose daughter Mr.
+Higgins married; John Glassey, an uncle of Mr. T. P. McConnell; J. S.
+Drummond, father of Mrs. Magill; Richard Broderick, the coal dealer,
+and wife, and Mrs. Zelner, whose husband kept a drug store where the
+B. C. Market now is. It will be noted that a number of people
+assembled on the wharf to see their friends off. I might say that
+this was the usual thing in those days. Even some business places
+would be closed while the proprietor went to the wharf to say
+good-bye to a relative or friend.
+
+An Incident of the Mystic Spring.
+
+Sir,--In Thursday's paper in the "Forty Years Ago" column I note the
+account given of the suicide of a young girl at Cadboro Bay. An
+interesting account is given in the "Mystic Spring" by my friend, Mr.
+Higgins. Poor girl! It was another case of unrequited affection. I
+knew Miss Booth well, being of my own age. We had met on many
+occasions at picnics and dances and at other festivities. On the
+memorable afternoon cited I saw her walking on the Cadboro Bay Road
+from town just ahead of me, and I hurried and caught up and accosted
+her, asking where she was off to. She was then more than three miles
+from home, which was on the Esquimalt Road. She replied in the most
+cheerful manner, with a smile: "Oh, I'm going for a walk to Cadboro
+Bay." I remarked on the long distance she was from home, to which she
+replied, and passed on. Little did I think then that she was on her
+way to her death, and in so cool and collected a manner. My memory
+has been freshened lately by my brother, as to the circumstances
+attending the sad affair. Miss Booth was one of three sisters who
+lived with their father and mother, as before stated, on Esquimalt
+Road. She had become acquainted with a young gentleman who afterward
+became an M.P. at Ottawa, and this acquaintance ripened into
+something stronger, so much so that she fell in love with him, and
+showed it so pointedly that he, as well as others, could not well
+help noticing it. He did not reciprocate her affection, and I believe
+told her so, and like an honest man avoided her. This in time was too
+much for her and she took the fatal course which ended in her
+drowning herself near the "Mystic Spring."
+
+Being the last to see her in life, and knowing her so well, I
+tendered my evidence at the coroner's inquest. I might say that the
+family shortly afterwards moved to Ladner's Landing, and the two
+sisters married there, and part of the family still reside in that
+vicinity. This ends another little episode of forty years ago. This
+is for those who may remember the sad occurrence and the interest
+taken in the poor girl's sad fate at the time.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+THE LATE GOVERNOR JOHNSON.
+
+
+[Portrait: John H. Johnson.]
+
+To the Editor,--As I sit writing, my eyes rest on the picture of the
+subject of these few remarks. This picture was sent to me with an
+autograph letter by Governor John Johnson, of Minnesota, four years
+ago, under these circumstances. In a magazine I was reading, as I lay
+in bed with typhoid fever, I came across an article written by a
+life-long friend of this good and great man. Of his early boyhood to
+the time when he was elected Governor of Minnesota, what an example
+he was to the youth of that day as well as this. The short sketch ran
+thus: John Johnson was the eldest, I think, of four children. His
+father was a blacksmith and a good mechanic. Both father and mother
+were Swedes. Although a good mechanic, he developed into a lazy, bad
+man, who neglected his wife and children, and eventually landed in
+the poorhouse. Being left to themselves, the mother took in washing,
+and after school, John, the eldest, took home the clothes and took
+out parcels for a tradesman. John was thus able to help to keep the
+family. He was ambitious, wanted to learn, attended night school for
+that purpose, engaged with a chemist, gave it up, went into a
+lawyer's office, then into politics, and after filling several
+important positions got elected Governor of his native state. What I
+admired in John Johnson was his devotion to his mother, brother and
+sisters; also his self-denial. What would you think of an alpaca
+coat to resist the rigors of a Minnesota winter? Well, John, by
+working at night in various ways saved up enough to buy an overcoat,
+he having none, and having to be out late at night delivering the
+clothes his mother had washed during the day. Through unforeseen
+demands on his mother's earnings the poor boy was forced to give up
+the overcoat and hand over the hard-earned money for something he
+thought was wanted more, and went through the winter with nothing
+warmer than an alpaca jacket. I cannot but believe that these
+hardships laid the foundation for a delicate constitution, and every
+time I looked at his picture hanging in my dining-room I thought,
+"How delicate he looks; will he live to be an old man?" I was so
+taken with the story of his early life, his trials bravely endured,
+and his final triumph, that I wrote to him and congratulated him
+on his election. This election was a great victory for him, as his
+opponents used the fact against him that his father had been an
+inmate of the poorhouse and had died there a pauper, to defeat him.
+These disgraceful tactics were repudiated by many of his opponents,
+who showed they did so by voting against their own candidate and for
+John Johnson. This gain of votes from his opponents elected him by a
+good majority. Well, I told him in my letter that I was a British
+subject living in Victoria, Canada, and as such I congratulated him
+on his victory, that I was glad his old mother was alive to see his
+triumph, and that she should be proud, and no doubt was proud, of
+such a son.
+
+In due course he replied, and also sent me his photo, which, as I
+said before, I had framed and hung up in my dining-room as an
+object-lesson for all of how a good and noble son made a good and
+noble man. There is room for many more such in this world.
+
+To show the respect and love of the people for this good and great
+man, I have added the account of his burial. The late Governor
+Johnson paid a visit to Victoria about a year before his death, and I
+am sorry I was not aware of the fact until it was too late, as I
+should have esteemed it an honor to have shaken hands with him:
+
+"St. Paul, Minn., Sept. 23.--While the body of Governor John A.
+Johnson, of Minnesota, was being lowered into its grave this
+afternoon all industrial activity in the state was stopped for five
+minutes as a tribute to the memory of the dead Governor.
+
+"The body, which had been lying in state in the rotunda of the
+capitol since yesterday, where it was guarded by officers and
+privates of the state militia, was taken to the railroad station at
+9.15 this morning, escorted by ten companies of militia, preceded by
+a band of one hundred pieces.
+
+"At the station the body was placed aboard a special train which left
+for St. Peter, Minn., where interment took place this afternoon at
+three o'clock. The funeral services were held in the St. Peter
+Presbyterian Church, where Johnson sang in the choir when a boy.
+While the services were in progress at St. Peter's, memorial services
+were held in all the churches in Minneapolis and St. Paul. The public
+schools are closed to-day, and the whole state is in mourning."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+A TRIP TO A CORAL ISLAND.
+
+
+The Ladrone Islands, which from time immemorial have belonged to
+Spain, now, as is well known, belong to the United States. There is a
+cable station on the chief island, Guam. The Ladrone Islands lie off
+the coast of the Philippines, and are about three thousand miles from
+the Hawaiian Islands in a west-southwest direction. The Island of
+Guam has about five thousand inhabitants, mostly Philipinos, natives,
+Chinese and Europeans. Guam, with its sandy beach, its cocoanut trees
+and coral strand, puts one much in mind of the coral islands of story
+books, where an open boat with boys of various ages have landed from
+some wrecked vessel, and lived on fish, berries and cocoanuts, not
+forgetting wild pigs and goats. Altogether it is typical of what all
+boys read and would like to read again.
+
+The coins used in trade are all Spanish, mostly of copper, but silver
+is also used. The natives make mats, just such as our natives used to
+make years ago in British Columbia, so finely woven as to hold water.
+Water is carried in the Ladrone Islands in bamboos, the divisions
+being cut out, and the whole bamboo filled with water and carried on
+the shoulder. The usual vehicle is a two-wheeled cart, drawn by a
+bull with long horns, the reins being fastened to the horns; certain
+pulls on each horn turn him to left or right. They trot along like
+ponies. The ruins exist of a Spanish church at Agana, over a
+hundred years old, the bells belonging to it being hung in a low
+tower near by.
+
+Since the American occupation the natives have taken to baseball as a
+recreation.
+
+It is an interesting sight to see the native women wash clothes. They
+stand in a stream up to their waists, and after soaping the clothes,
+they pound them with a stone, or else take one end of the garment in
+both hands and dash the other end up against a rock or board. The
+natives have adopted a great many of the old Spanish customs among
+themselves, including cock-fighting, which sport is carried on every
+Sunday and holiday. Every man has his trained fighting-cock, and they
+take great interest in the sport, staking large sums on their birds.
+They lash sharp, razor-like knives on the birds' spurs, and the fight
+seldom lasts more than a few minutes, and generally ends in one of
+them being ripped up.
+
+The native huts have always the roof and sometimes the walls covered
+with palm leaves, which are impervious to rain, and will last about
+five years, when they have to be renewed. The floor is generally
+covered with rough boards, far enough off the ground to make a
+chicken-house underneath, or else room to tie up a bull or cariboo,
+or to put the bull-cart under.
+
+One of the chief exports of the island is copra, which is the meat of
+the cocoanut, picked and dried at a certain stage of its growth. In
+front of nearly every native hut can be seen copra drying on mats,
+and it is always taken in at night away from the dew. It is used to
+make shredded cocoanut, cocoanut oil, soap and other things, and the
+natives get about two and a half cents a pound for it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+A VICTORIAN'S VISIT TO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
+
+
+We left Victoria March 2nd via Seattle for San Francisco and Los
+Angeles by the good steamer _Governor_. We arrived at San
+Francisco Sunday, March 6th, after a rather rough trip, on which I
+did not miss a meal. After breakfast Mrs. F. and I, with three
+fellow-passengers, went to Sutro Heights and then to Golden Gate
+Park. The seals were still sleeping on the rocks or bobbing about in
+the water as of old. Sutro's gardens were a disappointment, as they
+seemed to have been allowed to go to decay. Of all the beautiful
+statuary representing the gods and goddesses of ancient Greece and
+Rome, all were in a state of dilapidation--arms, legs and heads
+broken off and covered with moss and dirt. Many of the glass houses
+in the gardens were in a like state. We did not stay long there, but
+took cars for Golden Gate Park, which is kept up by the Government
+and everything is kept in a perfect state of repair. Beautiful
+avenues of tropical trees, flowers in profusion, statues of public
+men of the past, and then the museum. This had the most attractions
+for me, as there were many interesting things to inspect, of which
+more anon. On the down trip we took on board at San Francisco a party
+of seven gentlemen who were going to Los Angeles for a holiday,
+consisting of a judge, a lawyer, a doctor, a manager of an
+electric light company, two merchants, and last but not least, a
+blacksmith, all members of a singing society. These gentlemen gave
+us several most enjoyable little concerts. We arrived at Redondo on
+March 8th and took cars for Los Angeles soon after arrival, and were
+in Los Angeles about two o'clock. I must confess I was not impressed
+with San Francisco, for while there were some very handsome, ornate
+and very high buildings, especially in the burned area and on Market
+Street, there were alongside the new buildings the cellars of former
+fine buildings filled with debris of the buildings destroyed by
+quake or fire, also whole blocks boarded up and covered with
+advertisements, behind which were piles of broken masonry and twisted
+steel. I went along Montgomery to Kearney Street, up Clay to Powell
+and found very little change from what I left in 1859. The Plaza did
+not seem the least altered.
+
+In 1855 my brother one day remarked that the street above Powell had
+had no name long enough, and, as we lived in it, he took the liberty
+of naming it. There was a box with "Taylor's" soap or candles printed
+on the cover lying on the ground, and taking a saw he cut the Taylor
+in two, nailing "Tay" up on the corner house. Strange to say, it is
+"Tay" Street to-day, after fifty-five years, but instead of being on
+the house it is painted on a lamp-post. Clay Street had the honor of
+having the first cable street cars, but I did not see any on my late
+visit.
+
+[Portrait: Park in San Bernardino.]
+
+It seemed to me as if it would be a long time ere San Francisco would
+be like it was before the earthquake. A party of us went out to
+Golden Gate Park, but days might have been profitably spent in
+the gardens and museum, and on account of lack of time we could
+only partly inspect the many interesting things to be seen at
+the latter place, so I reserved a further inspection till my
+return home, which account will be given later on.
+
+If I was disappointed with San Francisco I was more than pleased with
+Los Angeles, for several reasons--the most important being that it is
+the starting-point for so many trips into the most beautiful places,
+of which a deal might be said, more than I have time to say just now.
+Los Angeles is said to contain 320,000, and likely it does, for the
+traffic is more congested in the principal streets than in San
+Francisco. I was told it would be so hot in Los Angeles that I took a
+light suit and straw hat to wear there, but I found it just such
+weather as we get in June, and I did not change my winter clothes or
+wear the straw hat at all, and when going out after dinner I wore my
+overcoat, being warned that I ran the risk of taking cold if I did
+not. The theatres of Los Angeles are many and good. The restaurants
+and cafeterias are both good and reasonable in price. It took us some
+time to get used to the cafeterias' way of doing business. Imagine a
+line fifty feet long--men, women and children--waiting their turn to
+get their knife and fork, dessert and teaspoons, napkin and tray;
+then just such food and drinks as you may fancy, from bread 1c., to
+meats, 10c. to 25c. When your tray is loaded, you pass on to the
+woman who checks up what you have and gives you the price on a
+celluloid check, which, on going out, you hand to the cashier and
+pay. It is said that you can get used to anything in time, and we
+soon got used to this and found it popular with all, for these
+cafeterias are always full, the food being excellent.
+
+We patronized a vegetarian cafe often, where every thing was made
+from vegetables, no tea or coffee allowed, these drinks being
+considered unwholesome.
+
+The abomination of Los Angeles is its automobiles and motor cycles,
+which I blessed many times a day. They say there are hundreds--I
+should say thousands--of them and they are always in evidence, day
+and night, and what with the number of cars, it was impossible to
+cross the streets at times, and it was surprising the narrow escapes
+I had. My attention was drawn to the height of the sidewalks, they
+often being twelve and fifteen inches above the road. It was soon
+explained, for a few days later, on going to the theatre, it rained,
+and three hours later, going home, the streets were running rivers of
+water, and we had to walk up and down to find a narrow place to get
+over to the sidewalk. The streets having high crowns, the water, of
+course, runs to the gutters, and often boards have to be laid from
+the sidewalk across the gutters to get over these torrents. The next
+morning, the rain storm being over, the streets were clear of water.
+It is the custom here to wash the streets down at night, so that they
+are always clean. They are made of asphalt, and in Pasadena of a
+composition of asphalt and fine stone or gravel, and are also treated
+with crude oil. As part of our time was spent in Pasadena, I have
+something to say of that most beautiful of all southern cities. It is
+about a half hour's run from Los Angeles, and you pass scores of
+pretty bungalows on the way, as well as stretches of country covered
+with very low green hills with cattle feeding. Pasadena is termed the
+"home of millionaires." Well, if handsome houses, grounds, trees and
+flowers make a millionaire's home, it is rightly named. Fine roads
+run in every direction past these lovely plains, and you are
+overpowered at times with the smell of orange blossoms as you pass
+through miles of orange orchards or groves.
+
+Among the beautiful homes is that of Judge Spinks, surrounded by
+beautiful trees of all kinds, as well as an orange garden, where
+after a long auto ride we received the hospitality of Mrs. Spinks and
+Mrs. and Miss Clapham, and carried off a supply of oranges enough for
+a week. The many friends of Judge and Mrs. Spinks will be glad to
+know that his health has greatly improved since residing there.
+
+Passing the orange trees one day in the cars I noticed in the
+distance that the ground instead of being black or green was golden
+for quite a distance ahead and on drawing near found it to be caused
+by oranges, which completely covered up the surface of the soil, and
+was in fact the product of that grove picked and lying on the ground.
+
+What might be considered the finest place in Pasadena is the Busch
+estate; the grounds are a wonder in artistic taste and extent, and
+are to be added to, a large piece of ground having been recently
+bought by Mr. Busch for that purpose. The grounds are open to the
+public at all times, and his residence also at stated times. He is
+the head of the Anheuser-Busch beer concern. I might state what is a
+well-known fact, that they don't believe in fences down there. I have
+not seen one yet. All these lovely places are open to the road. You
+walk off the sidewalk to the house everywhere. Flowers grow even in
+the street, alongside the walk, and are cultivated by those whose
+property faces them. Speaking of trees, I must mention that they have
+the greatest variety of shade trees to be seen anywhere. The tall
+eucalyptus, imported from Australia, is seen by thousands, and the
+beautiful pepper tree of Chili or Peru. This tree was my favorite,
+looking something between a weeping willow and an acacia, but growing
+much taller, with its red berries in bunches showing clearly on
+the green. Then the palms with their spreading branches or stems!
+Of these latter, we saw a pair that the gentleman informed me he had
+brought home in a coal oil tin sixteen years ago, and to-day the
+trunks were twenty inches thick and the trees spread over a surface
+of twenty-five feet, leaving a passage between to walk up to the
+front of the house. There are avenues of these beautiful trees in the
+various parks in Los Angeles, Pasadena and Riverside. Further, in the
+matter of trees I would draw a comparison between the authorities of
+these southern towns and our own municipal authorities. When making
+new roads or drives, they find a fine tree growing on the road;
+instead of cutting it down as our vandals do, they leave it there and
+protect it, and I saw a notable example of this, when three men were
+treating or doctoring a veteran growing on the road which showed
+signs of dying, and they were doing all that could be done to save
+its life and keep it there. As we wandered about admiring all this
+beauty in nature we came to an extra pretty place, and the impulse
+took hold of me to have a nearer view; to if possible get permission
+to pick an orange and some blossoms to send home; so I stopped in my
+walk and made for where I saw two ladies sitting in the sunshine in
+front of the cottage. My wife restrained me and I hesitated, but on
+casting my eyes towards the ladies I perceived one of them smile, so
+I proceeded on, and raising my hat, apologized for our interview,
+saying that we were from the north and were captivated by the beauty
+of the place. "Oh, not at all, you are perfectly welcome. Would you
+like to look around?" We gladly accepted, and were shown around the
+premises, and at my request to pick an orange myself to send home, I
+was given permission, and told I might pick a lemon also, and
+would I like a bunch of orange blossoms?
+
+We finally had two card boxes given us, and packed the fruit in one
+and the orange blossoms in the other. We were then invited in to rest
+and found the ladies were representative of those we met
+afterwards--the most kindly and courteous--and here I must say that I
+never met more obliging people than these same good people of
+California. I never met with a rebuff from anyone, and I am sure I
+bothered them enough during our stay with enquiries of every kind and
+another.
+
+The police are instructed to supply everyone with necessary
+information and are provided with books containing such information
+as people may require. There are many excursions out of Los Angeles
+in various directions, of which we availed ourselves. One of these
+took us to Causton's ostrich farm, San Gabriel Mission, and Long
+Beach. The ostrich farm is well worth a visit, to see these monster
+birds running about with wings outstretched. We were informed that at
+the age of six months they were full grown, and considering their
+size and weight it is a wonder. They eat as much as a cow, and, to
+show how high they can reach, the keeper stood on something and
+raised his hand up to eight feet and the ostrich easily took an
+orange from his hand and swallowed it whole. We were warned not to
+come too close to them, for the ostrich is attracted by bright
+hatpins in the ladies' hats or by jewelry, or by anything bright--all
+are swallowed whole. One was sitting on a batch of eggs, which had
+just been vacated by the male, who does the most of the sitting. The
+visit to the San Gabriel Mission was of great interest to me, for it
+was of ancient origin, having been one of those founded by Padre
+Junipero Serra in 1771. The church we visited, and were conducted
+through by a lay priest who, in a monotonous tone of voice, recited
+all he knew of the mission. As before stated, the mission was about
+one hundred and forty years old, and one cannot but admire the zeal
+and devotion of the men who endured the hardships of the life they
+must have led so long ago. The church windows were very high from the
+ground, as the natives were not to be trusted, and the fathers might
+be surprised at any moment during the service and shot at. They had
+often to take refuge there from further attacks in early times. We
+were told that the building, which was built, as all were at that
+time, of sun-dried bricks and mud, was renewed since only in roof
+and seats. The original doors were preserved and shown us in a room.
+They were made very substantially, with iron bolts and bands and big
+locks, but now crumbling with age. The pictures of saints on the
+walls were painted in oil, and very poor specimens of art, I should
+say. They were old, and were sent from Spain. Although twenty-five
+cents was asked for admission we were asked to contribute to a fund
+for the restoration of the building, and many small coins were given
+by our party, and, when it is remembered that these excursions are
+daily, the year around, it must be an expensive job keeping the old
+building in repair. It looked as if twenty dollars would have covered
+the cost of any repairs made in a year, and it looked to me a case of
+graft on someone's part. There is another church, founded at the same
+time, in Los Angeles, and I produce all I could decipher of an
+ancient inscription I copied from the front: "Los ---- de Esta
+Parroquia A La Reina de Los Angelus" (built 1814). These missions are
+planted at stated distances from San Diego to San Francisco, and all
+by that pioneer of Roman Catholicism, Junipera Serra. There is a
+statue to him in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco in the attitude of
+exhortation, leaning forward with arms extended upward. I visited
+three of the missions, and they are all about the same. There is
+great food for contemplation in visiting these relics of the past.
+To think of the conditions as existing then and now.
+
+We were photographed in front of the mission, after which we left for
+Long Beach and spent the balance of the afternoon. The beach was
+covered with bathers--men, women and children--and although the surf
+rolled high on the sands the bathers ran in and met the rollers,
+which completely buried them. They then emerged laughing, and waited
+for the next wave. There was quite a small town on the sands where
+there were shows of all kinds and booths for getting money by many
+ways in profusion.
+
+At the handsome and commodious Hotel Virginia we visited Mr. Roper of
+"Cherry Creek" who has been down here all the winter, and we found
+him getting better, but slowly.
+
+Although there are many Victorians go south to spend the winter each
+year, the great majority are for many reasons unable to do so, and I
+thought it might be of some interest to these latter to give them
+"items by the way" in going and coming on this most enjoyable sojourn
+to the land of fruit, flowers and beautiful homes.
+
+At all these winter resorts for people from the East and North are
+flowers, trees and fruit, with handsome hotels, fruits, beautiful
+shade trees, and last but not least, beautiful homes. There are
+public parks in all of them where in January people may sit out of
+doors among their flowers, with the mocking-birds singing on all
+sides. Residences are nearly all in the bungalow style, with
+projecting roofs. The more imposing residences may be of Spanish
+architecture with red tiled roofs which look very handsome.
+
+I wondered at the large and handsome hotels in Pasadena, although
+Riverside, San Bernardino and San Diego all have good hotels. In
+Pasadena there was the Maryland with its pergola, a Spanish appendage
+covered with climbing flower vines which was very attractive; also
+the Green and the Raymond. There is little to be seen of the original
+inhabitants of this country, that is to say, of their descendants. It
+put me in mind of our own Indians, of the remnant of the Songhees
+tribe. They are all seemingly half or quarter breeds, and work as
+laborers for the railway company. I have already given in my boyhood
+experiences in San Francisco an account of a flag incident, and
+strange to say, I nearly had another in Los Angeles. One day I saw
+what might be an English flag flying from a high building, and the
+sight stirred me. So to make sure I threaded my way through the crowd
+for some distance and when opposite the building I walked off the
+sidewalk and craned my neck to look up six stories to make sure if it
+were really a Union Jack. Well, well! I thought, is it up so high to
+protect it from molestation, or is it that they are more
+liberal-minded here? I felt pleased, but when I espied what turned
+out to be the British coat-of-arms below the flag I saw the reason
+why. Just then along came a motor cycle and a motor car, and in the
+opposite direction a street car, and I recovered myself and got out
+of the way in quick time. It was the office of the British Consul,
+and that is why it waved. I consoled myself with the thought that it
+was after all only a certain class of American who would not tolerate
+any other flag in this country but his own, and I shall try and
+always think this.
+
+We left Los Angeles and Redlands March 24th for San Francisco, where
+we arrived March 25th. In San Francisco I met an old Victorian, Tom
+Burnes, brother of William Burnes, H. M. customs. I had not seen him
+for years, and we started to explore the Plaza on Kearney and
+Washington Streets. This was the most familiar part of San Francisco
+to me, as I have passed through this part often as a boy. It is now
+known as Portman Square. I looked for the "Monumental" engine house
+from which I had run to fires in the early fifties. A blank space was
+pointed out where it had been, but the fire had destroyed this
+ancient landmark. In the Plaza Mr. Burnes showed me a monument to
+Robert Louis Stevenson, the English writer of such interesting sea
+stories. On the top was a ship of the time of Elizabeth, with the
+high poop deck, which must have represented something in one of his
+stories, and an inscription:
+
+"To Remember Robert L. Stevenson.
+
+"To be honest, to be kind, to earn a little, to spend a little less.
+To make upon the whole a family happier for his presence. To renounce
+when that be necessary. Not to be embittered. To keep a few friends,
+but those without capitulation. Above all, on the same grim
+condition, to keep friends with himself. Here is a task for all that
+man has of fortitude and delicacy."
+
+This was erected by some admirers of the very interesting English
+writer who died, was it not in Samoa, so beloved by the natives.
+
+Piloted by Mr. Burnes, we next viewed St. Mary's Cathedral. It had
+been fifty odd years since I had last been inside, and as a boy I had
+often been attracted by the music. The cathedral was completely
+gutted by the fire, which entered at the front doors and passed up
+the tower and to the roof, in fact making a complete ruin of the
+building. So that the original landmark should be preserved intact,
+they built a complete church inside of concrete and bolted the two
+walls together so that the building is as good as ever. New stained
+glass windows, altars and a new $25,000 organ have been donated by
+wealthy members of the congregation, so that we looked upon a new
+church inside and the original outside.
+
+We spent the afternoon at Golden Gate Park, which was the great sight
+of San Francisco, four miles long, laid out as an immense garden or
+succession of gardens, with conservatories and aviaries, tropical
+trees, winding roads and paths in all directions. The first thing to
+attract my attention before entering the museum was a statue of Padre
+Junipero Serra, the intrepid founder of so many missions along the
+coast of California. There were also monuments to Abraham Lincoln,
+General Grant, and that stirring preacher of the south, Starr King.
+Time was valuable, so I had to give up a further inspection of the
+park to give all remaining time to the museum, which closed at four
+o'clock. All the time we were in the museum I noticed two policemen
+patrolling about and I thought it unusual, and on inquiry found that
+lately a most valuable picture had been taken by being cut out of the
+frame. After some trouble the thief had been captured and the picture
+recovered. The thief gave as a reason for stealing it that he thought
+it might inspire him to paint just such a picture, he being ambitious
+to be a painter. I hardly think this excuse will weigh with the
+authorities. In the room of pioneer relics I found many interesting
+things. First a large bell which recorded on the outside the founding
+of the volunteer fire department, organized 1850, George Hosseproso,
+chief engineer. Firemen of those days were men of account, in fact,
+many men of prominence were officers or members of the fire
+department. Second, four mission bells from an old mission church at
+Carmelo, Monterey County, built by Padre Junipero Serra, 1770; San
+Francisco's first printing press, used in publishing the first
+newspaper in California, in 1846, at Monterey; a picture of Jno.
+Truebody, a pioneer business man of San Francisco, whom I remember
+well; two glass cases of relics presented by John Bardwell, of the
+_vigilante_ days, containing firearms, batons, certificates of
+membership in the _vigilante_ committee, pieces of rope, being
+cut off the original ropes with which they hanged Cora, Casey,
+Hetherington and Brace, for the assassination of James King of
+William, and General Richardson. James King of William was the editor
+of the _Chronicle_, and in an election campaign James King, who
+was opposed to Casey in politics, mentioned the fact that Casey had
+been a jail-bird in his youth. This was taken up by Casey's friends
+and three of them agreed that the first one of the three who should
+meet James King should shoot him. Casey being the first to meet
+him performed the deed. For this he was hanged by the vigilance
+committee, who demanded him from the authorities. This committee was
+formed immediately after the assassination.
+
+Cora was hanged for the murder of General Richardson because of a
+slight cast on Cora's wife by the former. Pistols seemed to have
+been carried by all as a necessity. Cora and Casey were taken out of
+the jail by the vigilance committee and hanged May 18th, 1856. There
+were also pieces of the rope used in hanging Hetherington and Brace
+for the murder of Baldwin, Randall, West and Marion, July 29th, 1856.
+There were pictures also of Judge Terry, A. B. Paul, Wm. T. Coleman,
+Charles Doane, James King of William, and a picture of the scene
+of his assassination. I recognized this locality immediately I saw
+it. It was the offices of the Pacific Express Co., on the corner
+of Washington and Montgomery. There were also pictures of Fort
+Gunnybags, the headquarters of the vigilance committee, showing the
+alarm bell and the sentries on the roof; also Lola Montez, Countess
+of Bavaria, a most notable woman of those exciting times, and of
+William C. Ralston. There was a picture of the pavilion of the first
+Mechanics' Exhibition, held in San Francisco in 1857. I remember this
+exhibition well, as on a certain day all the school children were
+given free admission, and it was as a school boy I went.
+
+There was an extensive collection of relics of the past in the
+Egyptian rooms, many being _facsimiles_ of the originals in the
+British Museum. Where this was the case it was so stated, but there
+were many genuine things, amongst which I noted a wooden statue
+dating back about 1,000 years before Christ, being the wife, and also
+sister of Osiris, and mother of Horus, chief deity of Egypt. Strictly
+on the stroke of four o'clock a policeman went through the building
+and called out that the buildings must be closed. I made a request to
+one of these policemen to see the curator, and he took me to his
+office; he was, unfortunately, not in, but I saw his assistant and
+offered her some relics of early San Francisco, which were
+accepted. I was watching the people filing out, prior to closing,
+when out came three bluejackets, whose caps showed they belonged to
+H. M. S. _Shearwater_. I introduced myself, and remarked, "What are
+you boys doing here? I should hardly have expected to have seen
+sailors so far from their ship." "Oh, sir, we are at anchor in the
+harbor yonder, and will be leaving Monday for Esquimalt." I saw her
+that evening at anchor, with the Union Jack flapping in the breeze,
+and suppose the Jacks were aboard all right.
+
+We were advised that the mint was open to visitors between the hours
+of 9.30 and 11.30, and as I had not been there for about twenty years
+we joined a party one morning. On presenting ourselves we were
+ushered into a waiting-room with others. Later on a man in uniform
+came for us. We were counted and told to follow. We were first taken
+down to a room in the cellar where we were instructed as to what we
+should see, and given a lot of information about the mint. This was
+done where it was quiet, as where the work was done it is very noisy.
+The first process was melting the silver in crucibles, which were
+emptied of their contents when in a liquid state into molds, which
+were in turn emptied out, were grasped by a man who passed them on
+with thick leather-gloved hands to powerful rollers which rolled the
+ingots out to long strips like hoop-iron, after being passed through
+many times. These strips, which were then as thick as a dollar, were
+passed under a stamp, which punched out the coins about 120 a minute.
+They were continually being examined by various men who now and then
+threw out imperfect ones. They were then passed on to another room
+where there was a perfect din of machinery. They were now passed
+under an immense stamp and the image was punched on under a
+pressure of one hundred and twenty-eight tons. They were then coins,
+and after several other examinations were cooled and passed, one
+being handed around for our inspection. In addition to the dollar we
+saw the same routine gone through in making a copper cent piece.
+I tried to get one, but he said every one was counted and must be
+produced. There were several who wanted souvenirs and wished to pay
+for them. We were counted again, signed our names and left.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+AN HISTORIC STEAMER.
+
+
+The following interesting account of the historic steamer
+_Beaver_, the first to round the Horn into the Pacific, will be
+read by native sons as well as pioneers with renewed interest, as it
+is many years since this account was published.
+
+The _Beaver_ lay off the old Customs House for a long time,
+until taken by the Admiralty for hydrographic work. When done with
+for that purpose she was sold for mercantile purposes again.
+
+For some years she was in charge of my old friend, Captain "Wully
+Mutchell," as he was called by his friends, and he had many, for he
+was as jolly as a sandboy and always joking, in fact more like a man
+of fifty instead of eighty, as he really was.
+
+[Illustration: The steamer Beaver.]
+
+"More than thirty-nine years have passed and a generation of men have
+come and gone since the Hudson's Bay Company's steamer _Beaver_,
+whose sale was chronicled yesterday, floated with the tide down the
+River Thames, through the British Channel, and went out into the
+open, trackless sea, rounded Cape Horn, clove the placid waters of
+the Pacific Ocean, and anchored at length, after a passage that
+lasted one hundred and sixty-three days, at Astoria on the Columbia
+River, then the chief 'town' on the Pacific Coast. Built and equipped
+at a period when the problem of steam marine navigation was yet to be
+solved, is it any wonder that the little steamer which was
+destined to traverse two oceans--one of them scarcely known outside
+of books of travel--was an object of deep and engrossing interest
+from the day that her keel was first laid until the morning when she
+passed out of sight amidst the encouraging cheers of thousands
+gathered on either shore, and the answering salvoes of her own guns,
+on a long voyage to an unknown sea?
+
+"Titled men and women watched the progress of construction. King
+William and 160,000 of his loyal subjects witnessed the launch. A
+Duchess broke the traditional bottle of champagne over the bow and
+bestowed the name she has ever since proudly worn. The engines and
+boilers, built by Bolton and Watt (Watt was a son of the great Watt)
+were placed in their proper positions on board, but it was not
+considered safe to work them on the passage; so she was rigged as a
+brig and came out under sail. A bark accompanied her as convoy to
+assist in case of accident; but the _Beaver_ set all canvas, ran
+out of sight of her 'protector,' and reached the Columbia twenty-two
+days ahead. Captain Home was the name of the first commander of the
+_Beaver_; he brought her out, and we can well imagine the feeling
+of pride with which he bestrode the deck of his brave little ship,
+which carried six guns--nine-pounders. The _Beaver_, soon after
+reaching Astoria, got up steam, and after having 'astonished the
+natives' with her performances, sailed up to Nisqually, then the
+Hudson's Bay Company's chief station on the Pacific. Here Captain
+McNeil (now commander of the _Enterprise_), took command of the
+_Beaver_, and Captain Home, retiring to one of the Company's forts
+on Columbia River, perished in 1837 in Death's Rapids by the
+upsetting of a boat. From that period until the steamer passed into
+the hands of the Imperial hydrographers, the history of the
+_Beaver_ was that of most of the Company's trading vessels. She
+ran north and south, east and west, collecting furs and carrying
+goods to and from the stations for many years. Amongst the best known
+of her officers during that period were Capt. Dodds, Capt. Brotchie,
+Capts. Scarborough, Sangster, Mouat and others, all of whom passed
+away long since, but have left their names behind them. We believe
+we are correct in saying that not a single person who came out in
+the _Beaver_ in 1835 is now alive; and nearly all the Company's
+officers, with a few exceptions, who received her on her arrival at
+Columbia River, are gone, too.
+
+[Portrait: Captain "Willie" Mitchell.]
+
+"Yesterday, through the courtesy of Capt. Rudlin (one of her new
+owners and future commander) we visited the old ship. On board we met
+the venerable Captain William Mitchell, who has had charge of the
+vessel for some years. He was busily engaged in packing his clothes
+into chests preparatory to going ashore. He remembers well the
+_Beaver_ in her early days. Every room, every plank possesses
+historic interest to him. He pointed out the Captain's room. 'Just
+the same,' said he, 'as when I first saw it in '36. There's the chest
+of drawers, there's the bunk, and there's the hook where the
+Captain's pipe hung, and many's the smoke I've had in these cabins
+nearly forty years ago. Nothing below has been changed,' continued
+Captain Mitchell, 'except--except the faces that used to people these
+rooms in the days long ago, and'--pointing to his thin, gray
+locks--'I was a deal younger then!' He led the way into the
+engine-room, chatting pleasantly as he went and relating incidents
+connected with the _Beaver_ and her dead people of an interesting
+character which we may some day give to the world. There are two
+engines, of seventy-five horse-power, as bright and apparently as
+little worn as when they first came from the shop of Bolton and Watt.
+From some cuddy hole the Captain drew forth the ship's bell, on which
+was inscribed '_Beaver_, 1835;' then he showed us into the little
+forecastle with the hammock-hooks still attached to the timbers, from
+which had swung two generations of sailors. Then the main deck was
+regained and we took leave of the gallant old gentleman and Captain
+Rudlin, who informed us that the _Beaver_ will be taken alongside
+of Dickson, Campbell & Co.'s wharf to-day to undergo the important
+changes necessary to the new trade in which she will henceforth be
+employed."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+COLONEL WOLFENDEN--IN MEMORIAM.
+
+
+When I look back over my soldiering days the figure that I first
+remember is Colonel Wolfenden, then a sergeant in the volunteers, and
+I a full private. It was not, I think, until I was twenty years old
+and a member for two years, that I remember him, when he was elected
+captain from sergeant. I might say that the volunteers were a
+different organization from the militia. You enlisted for a term, the
+same as in the latter organization, and officers were elected from
+the company. Uniforms were paid for by each member, the cost being
+$26 for everything complete. Dues had to be paid also, fifty cents a
+month, and ammunition for target practice had also to be paid for. It
+was a good deal like the volunteer firemen of that day, who had to
+pay dues and buy their uniform.
+
+[Portrait: Colonel Wolfenden.]
+
+If ever there was an enthusiastic volunteer it was Captain Wolfenden,
+and under the most trying circumstances. In those days (forty-four
+years ago) soldiering was not as popular as it was when it was merged
+into the Canadian militia, when uniform was free, ammunition was free
+and there were no fees to pay. It was therefore hard work to get a
+company together and keep them together under the circumstances.
+Captain Wolfenden having the matter at heart did his best, and more
+than his best, if that were possible, to make a good showing, and he
+encouraged me to get members and raised me to corporal, and
+later to sergeant and finally on our merging into the Canadian
+militia he made me senior sergeant. I must honestly confess I did not
+think I deserved this at the time, for I was a nervous subject and
+got rattled at times, but for his sake, who showed a partiality for
+me, I did my best and was always at drill as he was, no matter what
+the weather was. It was as captain of volunteers that he joined the
+Canadian militia, and soon after was appointed colonel in charge,
+which high position he worked for and earned by faithful service. I
+think what made us such good friends was our early comradeship in the
+volunteers. We used to have march-outs to Esquimalt, to Cadboro Bay
+or to Beacon Hill and back, and to enliven the march would sing
+songs; those with a good chorus which were joined in by the rest.
+These days of the past were often talked over by us in later years,
+while I, to please the Collector of Customs, Mr. Hamly, in 1884,
+resigned membership in the militia, after eighteen years as a
+volunteer soldier. Colonel Wolfenden continued on for many years.
+In conclusion I might add that when I joined the volunteers Captain
+Laing, then manager of the Bank of British Columbia, was captain. I
+cannot remember whether Colonel Wolfenden was a member then or not,
+but it was not long after. Other officers of that time were Adjutant
+Vinter, Captain Fletcher (P. O. Inspector), Captain Dorman (deputy
+Inspector), Major Roscoe (hardware merchant), Captain T. L. Wood
+(Solicitor-General), Captain Drummond (company No. 2), and Chaplain
+Rev. Thomas Sommerville. Occasionally we went into camp for a month,
+and generally at Beacon Hill, or at Henley's, at Clover Point. These
+camps were made very interesting by entertainments being frequently
+given, and to which our friends were invited. Oh, those were days
+worth remembering! During the time of the Fenian Raid we were
+encamped in the trees just about where the bear pits were, and the
+night sentries were told to keep a strict lookout, and challenge all
+intruders. This was taken advantage of by some young fellows to play
+a lark on us. So one night when the camp was asleep, we were all
+awakened by the sentry's outcry. He happened to be the late Robert
+Homfray, a rather nervous man. I got up with the rest, and there
+was the sentry with what he declared was an infernal machine, which
+had been thrown into the camp by someone who had made off in the
+darkness. The infernal machine consisted of a bottle filled with what
+was supposed to be giant powder, and bits of iron or steel, with a
+fuse sticking out of the neck of the bottle. It was, after careful
+inspection without much handling, put away till the morning, and
+then, a more strict examination revealed the contents to be simply
+small bits of coal to represent giant powder, and genuine steel
+filings. This was a standing joke against us, and especially Private
+Homfray, for many a day afterwards. To conclude, finally, I am sure I
+have the most kindly recollections of my friend of so many years, as
+have many more to-day, who will bear full testimony to his sterling
+worth as a soldier, government official and gentleman.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+THE CLOSING OF VIEW STREET IN 1858.
+
+
+It is known to few only that View Street at one time reached from
+Cook to Wharf Street.
+
+[Portrait: Senator Macdonald.]
+
+In the Victoria _Gazette_ of 1858 appear several items regarding
+this street. A public meeting was called for by certain citizens who
+considered themselves more aggrieved than the general public, in that
+they, being residents of the upper part of View Street, had on coming
+to business, to walk on to Fort or Yates Street to get to Government
+or Wharf. Without any notice the street was fenced across on Broad
+and also on Government. The _Gazette_ states that there was
+great dissatisfaction at the fencing of the vacant space on
+"Broadway" and Government Streets, which the paper stated was used as
+a cabbage patch, and there was talk of pulling the fence down.
+
+All the agitation seems to have amounted to nothing, for not only was
+the fence not pulled down, but J. J. Southgate, one of the earliest
+merchants of Victoria, erected a large wooden building on the street.
+By referring to the engraving this building may be seen indicated by
+a cross. Later on Southgate erected the present brick building which
+Hibben & Co. have just vacated after an occupancy of forty odd years.
+The _Gazette_ stated later on that the Governor had sold the
+lots to Mr. Southgate, and that settled the matter.
+
+That it was not intended that View Street should end at Broad
+is evident, as Bastion Street was then known as View Street, being so
+called in Mallandaine's first directory (1859.)
+
+Mr. Trounce, who owned the land through which Trounce Avenue passes,
+after the closing of View Street, decided to make an alleyway through
+his property so as to more easily let his stores. This alley has been
+open ever since, but used to be closed for a day each year for many
+years after.
+
+I might state that J. J. Southgate, who was a prominent Mason, called
+a meeting of "all Free Masons at his new store on Monday evening,
+July 12th, 1858, at 7 o'clock, to consider important matters
+connected with the organization of the order."
+
+T. N. Hibben & Co., who have just vacated this site after so many
+years, have moved only once before since going into business on the
+corner of Yates and Langley Streets, in 1858, by the firm name of
+"Hibben & Carswell." The building is that brick one lately sold. Both
+founders of this well-known and long-established business, together
+with their bookkeeper who later became a partner (Mr. Kammerer) have
+passed away, and the firm now consists of Mr. Hibben's widow and
+William H. Bone, who has been connected with the firm since 1871.
+
+"Did the Thoroughfare Once Run Through to The Harbor? A Question
+of Records.
+
+"The question of whether or not View Street, which is now blocked by
+stores and office buildings at Broad Street, was ever open to traffic
+as a thoroughfare clear through, which theory D. W. Higgins, in an
+interview published in the _Colonist_ last week denied, is causing
+considerable discussion among old-time residents. Yesterday Edgar
+Fawcett, who first broached the subject, gave the _Colonist_ the
+following further argument on the question:
+
+"As my friend Mr. Higgins joins issue with me on my account of the
+closing of View Street in 1858, I am going to give him some further
+evidence. I would not for a moment match my memory or knowledge of
+events of the early history of Victoria with Mr. Higgins, who arrived
+months before I did, and from his position as a newspaper man had far
+better opportunities of getting knowledge of passing events. But Mr.
+Higgins did not arrive early enough, if the evidence in the Victoria
+_Gazette_ is worth anything. I had the opportunity of reviewing
+the first year's numbers, and jotted down all items I thought of
+interest. This I gave to the _Colonist_ readers some years ago,
+and the items regarding View Street were some of them. I think Mr.
+Higgins will forgive me if I say that the _Gazette's_ evidence
+is likely to be more correct than mere memory. I am glad of the
+opportunity to correct an error I made in copying from my former
+article; that of substituting the name of Southgate for Stamp.
+Southgate's name occurred several times in items, and I find by
+referring to my former article, that I have Captain Stamp's name all
+right. Now for the further evidence. I would ask if it is likely that
+any one would build a wharf on Broad Street, say at the office of the
+Daily _Times_, Ltd., which is now at the foot of View Street? I
+ask this because in the _Gazette_ it is announced that Rousette
+is building a wharf at the foot of View Street, which meant next to
+the Hudson's Bay Company's warehouse on Wharf Street. Further, I
+produce from Mallandaine's First Directory, compiled in 1859,
+two advertisements which will show that View Street ended on Wharf
+Street opposite the Hudson's Bay Company's store:
+
+  F. J. St. Ours
+  Wharf Street, near View
+  Kaindler's wharf--Victoria, V. I.
+  Commission Merchant
+  Storage
+  Etc., Etc., Etc.
+
+   *  *  *  *
+
+  Reid & Macdonald
+  Commission and General Merchants
+  Warehousemen
+  Wharf Street,
+  Corner of View Street
+  Victoria, V. I.
+
+"Neither Bastion Nor View.
+
+"To the Editor:--Having read with great interest Mr. Edgar Fawcett's
+letter _re_ the query as to the permanent term for the street
+now named as View and Bastion, may I make a suggestion that in the
+event of a re-naming that the thoroughfare be known as Fawcett
+Street? Many old residents are perpetuated in street names, and I
+feel sure, after the indefatigable efforts put forward by Mr. Fawcett
+in all issues connected with archaic research in Victoria and its
+immediate environs, that it would be a fitting tribute on the part of
+the city fathers to perpetuate the name of such a zealous citizen.
+
+  "Well Wisher.
+
+    "Victoria, B.C., Nov. 8th, 1910."
+
+
+"View or Bastion or Both?
+
+"To the Editor:--In case the project for extending View Street
+through the burnt block is carried out, what name would be given the
+street when it connects with Bastion at the corner of Government?
+Although View Street as originally planned commenced at the
+waterfront where the Hudson's Bay Company's store stands, I think
+'Bastion' a better name for the street, as it was the northern
+boundary for the fort, and, as is well known, Richardson's cigar
+store stands on ground formerly occupied by the N. E. bastion, and is
+therefore a historic spot or landmark.
+
+"Since the correspondence with respect to View Street and where it
+commenced and ended, I have met two gentlemen who were residents in
+1855 and who both state positively that View Street was always open
+for traffic from Wharf Street eastward until 1858, when the land now
+proposed to be expropriated was fenced in on Government and Broadway,
+as Broad Street was then known, by Captain Stamp, with the consent of
+Governor Douglas, on behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company."
+
+"The Bridge to the Reserve.
+
+"Sir:--There cannot be two opinions as to the utility of a bridge
+over the harbor from the bottom of Johnson Street. The first bridge
+crossing to the Songhees reserve at this point was built by Governor
+Douglas prior to 1860, it being an ordinary pile bridge such as
+graced, or disgraced, James Bay until the Causeway was built. The
+first bridge over to the reserve was part of the highway to
+Esquimalt, Craigflower, Metchosin and Sooke, and was very much in use
+in the olden days.
+
+"A continuous stream of people, many Indians amongst them, passed to
+and fro, and in times of potlatches, when there were hundreds of
+Indians living there, and as many visitors from other reservations on
+the island, and even mainland, it was a busy place. The ceremony of
+making a medicine man I have seen on two occasions, when a candidate
+was locked up for days, being kept without food, and then at the
+appointed time let loose, when he ran about like a madman and was
+supposed to catch a dog, of which there were scores on the reserve,
+and in his hunger bite pieces out of the dog. It was very unsafe at
+times for persons to go over to the reserve at night, on account of
+the drunken Indians.
+
+"But this is beside the question I started to write about, which was
+the bridge and its approach on Johnson Street end. I repeat what I
+said in reviewing four old pictures of 1866 which appeared in the
+_Colonist_ of a few weeks ago. In speaking of the old buildings
+to be seen on the water-front next to the sand and gravel concern,
+'there are two which, I remarked, should not have been allowed to
+remain so long.' One was known in the earliest times as the 'salmon
+house,' where the Hudson's Bay Company salted, packed and stored
+their salmon. It may have been considered an ornament in those days,
+but in these days of progress it is an eyesore and very much in the
+way. Opposite this building, and across the street, was manufactured
+most of the 'tangle leg' whiskey sold to the Indians in those days,
+and which drove them crazy, rather than made them drunk.
+
+"Edgar Fawcett."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+MR. FAWCETT RETIRES FROM THE CUSTOMS.
+
+
+"Pioneer Pensioned by the Department--One of the Oldest Residents
+of the City.
+
+"After twenty-nine years' service in His Majesty's customs as
+assistant appraiser in charge of the Postal Package and Express
+Office, Mr. Edgar Fawcett has just received word that he has been
+retired with a substantial pension. While glad to retire, Mr. Fawcett
+said he feels that he will miss the favor he has met with at the
+Customs House week by week for so many years.
+
+"Mr. Fawcett was presented with an address by the customs staff
+yesterday and a presentation was made of a leather chair and stool.
+The presentation address was signed by every member of the customs
+staff.
+
+"Mr. Edgar Fawcett is a pioneer. He came to Victoria in 1859 and is
+one of the best informed men in the city concerning the history and
+material development of this portion of the province, and he himself
+has taken no insignificant part in affairs of a general public
+nature. He has written many reminiscences of early days in Victoria
+and is a recognized authority along these lines.
+
+[Portrait: Fawcett as Rifle Volunteer.]
+
+"Mr. Fawcett is a native of Australia, having been born of English
+ancestry at Sydney, N.S.W., on February 1st, 1847. His father, who
+was a carpet manufacturer at the noted British manufactory of
+carpets, Kiddermaster, was a cousin of Sir Rowland Hill, the
+British Postmaster-General, whose work for the penny post is known.
+The family emigrated to Australia in 1838, and remained there until
+1849, when they were among the 'forty-niners' to become pioneers of
+California. Mr. Fawcett, Sr., invested at San Francisco in a vessel
+which he engaged in freighting lumber between British Columbia and
+San Francisco, and this craft was lost in the Straits of Juan de Fuca
+in 1857, causing him some financial embarrassment. In 1858 the father
+came to Victoria to recoup his fortunes, the family following a year
+later. Mr. Fawcett, Sr., was an honored citizen of Victoria for
+thirty years, and for three years filled the post of Government agent
+at Nanaimo. In 1889 he returned to England and died at the age of
+seventy-six years. Of his sons, Edgar Fawcett and Rowland W. Fawcett
+remained in British Columbia.
+
+"Mr. Fawcett came to Victoria as a boy of twelve years of age, and in
+the early period of the city's history, when there was little more
+than a village on the site of the old fort, he used his facilities of
+observation to good advantage, and carries in his memory exact
+impressions and scenes as he then saw them. He received his early
+education in Victoria at the Collegiate School and the Colonial
+School, and began his business career with his brother as an
+upholsterer until 1882, when he entered the Dominion Civil Service,
+first as a clerk in the custom house, and he has been promoted from
+time to time.
+
+"Mr. Fawcett served as a sergeant in the old Victoria Rifle
+Volunteers, afterward merged into the Canadian militia under Colonel
+Wolfenden. He was among the first to join the volunteer fire
+department of Victoria. He is the only remaining charter member of
+the Pioneers' Society, and was secretary at the first meeting
+when organized in Smith's Hall, Victoria, in 1871. He is a veteran
+member of the Oddfellows, having joined the order in 1868. He is a
+veteran member of the church committee of the Reformed Episcopal
+Church, and was active in the organization of this church about
+thirty-five years ago."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+SOME COLORED PIONEERS.
+
+
+Here is an interesting little story to early residents of over fifty
+years ago that may be recalled for their edification. It would be
+interesting to present residents to know that in 1858 Victoria had a
+larger colored population than she has to-day, although with now
+three times the population. This is how it happened, and thereon
+hangs the tale:
+
+Before the rush to the Fraser River gold diggings and in California
+there was an act passed through the Legislature of that state making
+it compulsory for all colored men to wear a distinctive badge. This
+called forth indignation from all the colored residents of
+California, and resulted in a meeting being held in San Francisco,
+delegates from all parts coming. At this meeting, after the matter
+had been fully discussed, it was decided to send a delegation of
+three, representing the colored residents of California, to Victoria
+to interview Governor Douglas, to know how they would be received in
+this colony. The delegation, consisting of Mifflin W. Gibbs,--Moses,
+a barber, and another, met Governor Douglas and received such
+encouragement that they returned and reported favorably. The result
+of this was that eight hundred colored persons--men, women and
+children--emigrated to Victoria during 1858 and 1859.
+
+What induced me to write this matter up was the resurrecting of a
+newspaper cutting, evidently from the Victoria _Gazette_, for
+which I am indebted to Mr. Newbury, collector of customs, and which
+is given verbatim:
+
+[Portrait: Samual Booth.]
+
+"Application for Citizenship.
+
+"We have copied the names and occupations of the persons who have
+made application to be admitted to the rights of British subjects
+within the past few days, and give them below. They foot up
+fifty-four in number--fifty-three are colored and one white.
+
+"_Victoria Town._
+
+  "George Henry Anderson, farmer.
+  William Isaacs, farmer.
+  Fielding Spotts, cooper.
+  James Samson, teamster.
+  Richard Stokes, carrier.
+  John Thomas Dunlop, carman.
+  Nathan Pointer, merchant.
+  Augustus Christopher, porter.
+  Isaac Gohiggin, teamster.
+  William Alex. Scott, barber.
+  Mifflin Wister Gibbs, merchant.
+  William Miller, saloon-keeper.
+  George H. Matthews, merchant.
+  Robert Abernethy, baker.
+  Henry Perpero, gardener.
+  Thomas Palmer Freeman, storekeeper.
+  Stephen Anderson, miner.
+  Edward A. Booth, water carrier.
+  William Grant, teamster.
+  Henry Holly Brenen, cook.
+  Samuel John Booth, caulker.
+  Joshua B. Handy, restaurant-keeper.
+  William Brown, merchant.
+  Timothy Roberts, teamster.
+  *William Copperman, Indian trader.
+  Matthew Fred. Monet, fruiterer.
+  John Baldwin, greengrocer.
+  Stephen Whitley, laundryman.
+  Charles H. Thorp, ship carpenter.
+  George Washington Hobbs, teamster.
+  Willis Carroll Bond, contractor.
+  Elison Dowdy, painter.
+  Archer Fox, barber.
+  Robert H. Williamson, blacksmith.
+  Randel Caesar, barber.
+  Fortune Richard, ship carpenter.
+  T. Devine Mathews, carrier.
+  Robert Tilghman, barber.
+  Charles Humphrey Scott, grocer.
+  Thomas H. Jackson, drayman.
+  Ashbury Buhler, tailor.
+  Archer Lee, porter.
+  John Lewis, porter.
+  Thorenton Washington, carpenter.
+  Lewis Scott, carpenter.
+  William Glasco, teamster.
+  John Dandridge, no occupation.
+  Adolphus C. Richards, plasterer.
+  Fielding Smithers, messenger.
+  John E. Edwards, hair dresser.
+  Paris Carter, grocer.
+  Augustus Travers, porter.
+
+[*] Footnote: White.
+
+
+_"Victoria District._
+
+  "Richard Jackson, gardener.
+  Patrick Jerome Addison, farmer."
+
+The names will be familiar to many of our old-timers, but, strange to
+say, of this list only seven families are represented to-day: That of
+F. Spotts, farmer; Nathan Pointer, M. W. Gibbs, William Grant, Samuel
+J. Booth, Paris Carter and Gus Travers.
+
+As they were promised equal rights with the whites by Governor
+Douglas, they proceeded to claim these rights in various ways, which
+was resisted by the American residents, who formed a large majority
+of the residents of Victoria then. It has been told by Mr. Higgins of
+the colored people who had reserved seats in the dress circle of the
+theatre, and of the indignation of the Americans who had seats next
+to them; several colored men went into Joe Lovett's saloon and called
+for drink. Joe Lovett refused to serve them. The colored men brought
+the matter before Judge Pemberton, who decided that Lovett was in the
+wrong, and must serve them; but that he might charge them $2.50 a
+drink if he wished. An American and his family occupied a pew in
+Victoria District Church, and one hot Sunday the sexton showed a
+colored man into the pew. The American left the church and wrote a
+very indignant letter to the _Gazette_ on the insult offered to
+the American people by such a proceeding. This called for a reply
+from the Rev. Mr. Cridge in defence of his sexton. Also Mr. Gibbs
+wrote a very caustic letter, in which he handled the gentleman
+without gloves. This Mr. Gibbs, after leaving Victoria, rose to a
+high position in the United States, having been appointed minister to
+Hayti. He kept a grocery here on lower Yates Street in connection
+with Peter Lester. Many of these colored people returned to the
+United States after the Civil War was ended. The fire department
+was modelled after the San Francisco department, and was composed
+principally of Americans. On the formation of the hook and ladder
+company several colored men sent in their names for membership. All
+were black-balled. As they saw by this that there was a dead-set
+made against them, they then decided to form a volunteer military
+company. In this they were encouraged by the Hudson's Bay Company,
+who lent them muskets. This move on the part of the Hudson's Bay
+Company was supposed to have been made on the promise of the support
+of the colored military in case they were required to maintain
+order.
+
+On the installation of Governor Kennedy, later on, this volunteer
+company stated they were going as a guard of honor. This, I believe,
+was discouraged by the press, but they put in an appearance with a
+band of music. In reply to an address, Governor Kennedy advised them
+to disband, as they were illegally organized, there being no
+authority for their organization. This was a great disappointment to
+them, as they had been to the expense of uniforms and band and drill
+hall; in addition to which they had been drilling for months, and now
+all for nothing. But there was nothing for it under these
+circumstances but to comply, and so the colored military were
+disbanded. They were succeeded by a company of white volunteers, who
+wore white blanket uniforms trimmed with blue. They used to drill on
+Church Hill in the evenings, and were a great attraction. This was
+the beginning of the volunteer rifle movement, which was eventually
+merged into the Canadian militia. I was one of the riflemen so
+merged.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+JOHN CHAPMAN DAVIE, M.D.
+
+
+Sincere will be the regret at the announcement of the death of the
+subject of this sketch. As I have known him since he arrived in the
+colony with his father (who was also John Chapman Davie), and his
+three brothers, William, Horace and Alexander, in 1862, it may not be
+inappropriate that I, one of his oldest friends, should tell what I
+know of him. Dr. Davie was born in Wells, Somersetshire, on the 22nd
+March, 1845, and was therefore sixty-six years of age. He, with his
+brother Horace (residing in Somenos), were educated at Silcoats
+College, England, and studied for the profession which afterwards
+made him known from north to south of the Pacific Coast, at the
+University of San Francisco. He also studied under a clever English
+physician, Dr. Lane, and under Dr. Toland, both eminent men who
+founded colleges in California.
+
+After Dr. Davie had finished his medical course in California he came
+to Victoria and entered into practice with his father.
+
+[Portrait: John Chapman Davie, M.D.]
+
+When I was about fifteen years old I was troubled a deal with my
+throat and was under his father's treatment. I was obliged to give up
+singing in consequence, being a choir boy in Christ Church. In my
+frequent visits to the doctor's surgery I became acquainted with Dr.
+Davie, Jr., who undertook the treatment of my throat until I was able
+to resume my choir duties. Both Dr. Davie and his brother
+Alexander were members of the choir at this time, and regular in
+attendance at service and choir practice. I can see with my mind's
+eye at a choir practice both brothers. Mr. Cridge, the rector, always
+conducted these practices, and he asked each brother in turn to sing
+his individual part over in the anthem, as they were to take solos,
+he (Mr. Cridge) beating time as they sang. I might say that we had
+some fine singers in the choir in those days, and more anthems were
+sung than even now. His brother Horace and I were school-fellows at
+the Church Collegiate School, which was situated on Church Hill, just
+about where Mr. Keith Wilson's residence now stands. It was built as
+a Congregational Church, and was destroyed by fire about 1870.
+
+At the time I first became acquainted with Dr. Davie his father's
+office was situated where Challoner & Mitchell's store now stands,
+and was a very unpretentious affair--as most business places were in
+Victoria at that time--a wooden one-story frame cottage of three
+rooms. The doctor's first office was on the corner of Government and
+Bastion, where Richardson's cigar store stands. At the former office
+my friend studied and worked with his father until the latter's
+death, when the son continued the practice in his own behalf.
+
+From Mr. Alexander Wilson, who was a director of the Royal Hospital
+at the time, I am told a deal about Dr. Davie's early medical career.
+He says the young doctor was ambitious to become medical officer to
+the Royal Hospital, then situated on the rock at the top of Pandora
+Street, and asked Mr. Wilson to try and get the position for him,
+even without salary, and Mr. Wilson, having great faith in the young
+man, promised to do his best, and at a meeting of the board, consisting
+of Alexander McLean, J. D. Robinson, Henry Short and Alexander
+Wilson, Dr. Davie was duly elected, and at a salary of 100 pounds
+per annum, and held the position for over twenty years. He entered on
+his duties with great zeal, his first surgical case being that of an
+Indian girl who was accidentally shot on Salt Spring Island. The poor
+girl's arm was badly shattered, and she was brought down from the
+island in a canoe. It was a bad case, but the doctor pulled her
+through and, saving her arm, sent her home again as good as ever.
+
+Dr. Davie was fond of music, and in early days was proficient on the
+flute, contributing to the programme of many a concert for charity in
+those days when amateurs did so much to entertain the public.
+
+That the subject of this sketch was a clever man goes without saying.
+Many there are, and have been, who have been snatched from grim death
+by this skilful surgeon. By some he was thought to be bearish and
+unsympathetic, but they who thought so did not know him as I did, or
+they would not have thought so. Where there was real suffering and
+danger there could not have been a more gentle, kinder-hearted or
+careful man. Because he did not always respond to a friend's
+salutation in passing it was taken as bearishness or indifference. It
+was really pre-occupation. He was thinking out a difficult case for
+the next morning at the hospital. As he once said to a lady friend,
+"They little know the hours I pass walking up and down at night
+thinking out a case I have to operate on--how I shall do it to make
+it a success." I went into his office one day and found him with a
+surgical instrument on his knee which he seemed very intent on, and I
+asked him what it was for. He hesitated for a moment, then said, "You
+would not understand." But still he explained it all to me. It
+was for an operation in the morning on the stomach of a patient at
+one of the hospitals, and I have no doubt it was successful. About
+seven years ago he attended me for typhoid fever, and even then he
+had his bad spells of sickness, but still he came regularly, and on
+reaching the top of the stairs to my room he would hold on till his
+coughing fit was over. "Well, old man, how are you to-day?" After I
+had taken a turn for the better and was very susceptible to the smell
+of good things cooking downstairs, I asked him when I should be
+allowed to have something solid, and added, "Oh, I am so tired of
+milk and egg-nog; when may I have a bit of chicken or mutton?"
+
+"Well, how many days is it since your temperature was normal? Well,
+in so many days you may have jelly and junket."
+
+"Is that all?" I replied, disappointed.
+
+"Look here, old man, I want to get you well, and you must be
+patient."
+
+"That reminds me of a little story," said the doctor. "Some years ago
+two men were digging a deep ditch on Johnson Street to repair a
+sewer. Some time after both the men were taken sick, which turned out
+to be typhoid fever, and, being single men, they were taken to the
+hospital. I saw them every day in my regular round of visits, and
+they progressed towards recovery until they got to the stage that you
+have, and complained of my bill of fare. They asked for 'something
+solid,' and I put them off with the same answer you got. A day or two
+after in making my regular rounds I noticed that one of my patients
+was not in evidence and I asked his friend where he was. Then the
+story was told me of his friend having had some visitors, one of whom
+brought a cooked chicken, part of which was eaten on the sly and
+the balance hidden under the mattress. The result was that he was
+then out in the morgue, having died that day, and in due time, to
+conclude my little story, his friend, who had no chicken, left the
+hospital cured."
+
+"Now," said Dr. Davie, "I'll go; you are in good hands (my wife's);
+be patient and ponder on my little story."
+
+It is pretty well known that Dr. Davie had had only one lung for
+years past, but that did not prevent him attending to his numerous
+patients. The many who to-day are indebted to his skill and kindness
+of heart will feel a great sorrow at his passing. Many of his former
+patients have told me of his refusal of pay for valuable services
+rendered them. At the conclusion of a sickness a patient would likely
+say: "Well, doctor, I am grateful for your pulling me through. I
+shall have to pay by instalments. Here is something on account."
+
+If the doctor did not know his circumstances he would say: "How much
+is your salary?" On his replying he (the doctor) would say: "If that
+is all you get you cannot afford to pay anything," and that was the
+last the patient would hear of it.
+
+On a certain occasion I heard the experience of three in a small
+party who had this or something to this effect to relate. With his
+extensive practice he ought to have been a very wealthy man, but not
+with such patients as these, of course, but if all the patients he
+has had in years past had been charged for his valuable services he
+would have been worth half a million instead of dying a comparatively
+poor man. This last year I have visited him regularly, and many
+events of early Victoria life have been recalled on these visits.
+He repined at first when he knew that his days were numbered, saying,
+"Fawcett, old man, don't I wish I could go back to the days when we
+were young and took those trips to Cowichan. It is pretty hard to
+go!" I fully agreed with him then, but when later he got so bad and
+suffered so much, he prayed to go, and I again agreed with him,
+poor fellow. This latter time was when to speak made him cough and
+suffocate. "Old man, I cannot talk to you," and he would lie back in
+an exhausted state, and I would go, sorry that I was unable to do
+anything to relieve him, to slightly repay all his kindness to me
+in the past.
+
+Tuesday last I with my wife paid my last call on him, he having
+expressed a desire to see me. I little thought it was the last time I
+should see him alive, for he said he would not go till October, he
+thought, and I believed him.
+
+Well, maybe I have said enough, but I could say a deal more if
+necessary. What I have said will be echoed by many, I'm sure.
+
+So, in the words of Montgomery, the poet:
+
+  "Friend after friend departs, who has not lost a friend?
+  There is no union here of hearts, that finds not here an end,
+  Were this frail world our only rest, living or dying none were blest."
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+THE BEGINNING OF THE ROYAL HOSPITAL AND PROTESTANT ORPHANS' HOME.
+
+In Mallandaine's "first directory" of Victoria, I note the following:
+"We have an hospital started by Rev. Edward Cridge, and now sadly
+overburdened with debt."
+
+In course of conversation with Bishop Cridge one day I learned the
+history of this--the first public hospital of Victoria--which, in due
+course, became the Royal Jubilee Hospital.
+
+It was in 1858 that one day a sick man was found lying on a mattress
+in Mr. Cridge's garden. The man admitted he had been brought there by
+certain parties, their names being known to Mr. Cridge. I asked Mr.
+Cridge why they had brought the man to him, and clandestinely, too?
+"Oh, they thought I was the proper man, and I suppose I was under the
+circumstances." He continued: "We set to work at once to meet the
+case, and temporarily rented a cottage owned by Mr. Blinkhorn, on the
+corner of Yates and Broad Streets, now occupied by the B. C. Hardware
+Company (the first patient's name was Braithwaite), and placed W. S.
+Seeley, afterwards of the Australian House, at the north end of James
+Bay bridge, in charge as steward, and Dr. Trimble being appointed as
+medical officer in charge." This was the beginning. Afterwards
+there was a wooden building erected on the Songhees Reserve, on the
+site of the Marine Hospital. Later on the hospital was again moved
+to Pandora Hill, and by the exertions of Mrs. (Senator) Macdonald,
+Mrs. Harris (wife of Mayor Harris) and Mrs. Cridge, a female
+infirmary was built there, but afterwards merged into a general
+hospital. It will be seen from this that my dear old friend, Bishop
+Cridge, as also Mrs. Cridge, were first in this most important
+work for the relief of the suffering humanity of Victoria. Nor
+was this all.
+
+I might state that Mrs. (Senator) Macdonald, with Mrs. Cridge, were
+the founders of the Protestant Orphans' Home, through Mrs. Macdonald
+having a family of orphan children brought to her notice by some
+friend. She first of all found homes for the individual children;
+then as other cases were brought to her notice she, with Mrs. Cridge,
+took the matter up and rented a cottage, putting a Miss Todd in
+charge of the children. In course of time, the children increased, so
+that a larger building was rented on the corner of Blanchard and Rae
+Streets. Even these premises in time became too small, and another
+and final move was made through the munificence of the late John
+George Taylor, a member of Bishop Cridge's congregation, who left all
+his property, some thirty thousand dollars, to the founding of the
+present home.
+
+Mr. Taylor, whom I had known for many years, told me of the great
+interest he took in these orphans. He paid daily visits to the home,
+and assisted in many ways to help it along. Bishop Cridge and Mrs.
+Macdonald have seen these institutions grow from the smallest
+beginnings to their present state of usefulness, which must be a
+source of congratulation to both.
+
+Craigflower School House.
+
+With respect to what has appeared in the paper lately _re_
+"Craigflower School House," the following may be interesting:
+
+In early days (1856) Rev. Edward Cridge held services at stated times
+in the school house, and later on services were held regularly by the
+chaplains of H.M. ships stationed in Esquimalt harbor, and later on
+by Rev. (now Bishop) Garrett and Rev. C. T. Woods.
+
+I quote from Mr. Cridge's diary, which is mentioned in his Christmas
+story of "Early Christmas in Victoria," that on August 24th, 1856, he
+held a religious service in the school house with Mr. Cook, the
+gunner, and Mr. Price, midshipman of H. M. S. _Trincomalee_.
+
+In the Victoria _Gazette_ of August, 1858, Rev. Edward Cridge,
+acting for the Governor, examined the pupils and presented the prizes
+to the following: Jessie McKenzie, William Lidgate, Christine Veitch
+and Dorothea McKenzie.
+
+The first master of the school was J. Grant; the second Claypole, and
+afterwards Pottinger, Newbury and Pope.
+
+With respect to the building itself, I might say that it was built
+under the direction of Mr. McKenzie, of Craigflower. The lumber used
+in its construction was manufactured from fir trees on the ground in
+a mill built by mechanics sent out from England.
+
+The residence of the late Mr. McKenzie, which stands to the west of
+the Craigflower bridge, was also built of lumber sawn in this mill,
+and not of redwood imported from California, as stated lately. There
+are several men and women living to-day who attended this school in
+the early sixties.
+
+[Illustration: Craigflower School.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+VICTORIA'S FIRST Y.M.C.A.
+
+
+The _Colonist_ has been handed the following self-explanatory
+matter, bearing upon the founding in this city of a branch of the
+Y.M.C.A., which is of especial interest:
+
+"Dingley Dell, September 29th, 1911.
+
+"_R. B. McMicking, Esq., President Y.M.C.A._
+
+"Dear Sir,--In searching through the files of the _Colonist_ of
+1859 for items of forgotten lore that might be of interest to our
+early pioneers, I came across the enclosed interesting account of the
+forming of a branch of the Young Men's Christian Association in
+Victoria fifty-two years ago (September 5th, 1859), and am sorry I
+did not remember it sooner, so that it could have been read at the
+opening exercises, but 'better late than never.' I shall accompany it
+with some comment.
+
+"In the first place, it is likely that all those present on that
+auspicious occasion are gone to their everlasting rest, with the
+notable exception of our dear friend, the Venerable Bishop Cridge,
+who is within a few weeks of entering on his ninety-fifth year. His
+has been indeed a life of doing good, for he, in early days, was at
+the head of all good work for the betterment of mankind. The chairman
+on that occasion was Colonel Moody, R.E., who had lately arrived in
+the colony with the sappers and miners.
+
+"The three Protestant denominations then established in Victoria were
+represented by the Rev. Edward Cridge, as already stated; Rev. Dr.
+Evans, of the Wesleyan Methodists, and the Rev. W. F. Clarke, of the
+Congregational Church. Of the laymen mentioned, there was Judge
+Pemberton, father of Mr. Chartres Pemberton; J. T. Pidwell, father of
+the late Mrs. D. W. Higgins; Judge Cameron, C.J.; Captain Prevost,
+father of Charles J. Prevost, of Duncans, who was a very prominent
+naval officer, and later an admiral, who was an indefatigable
+Christian worker. Mr. Sparrow, of the post-office, whose son is a
+respected resident to-day, and also William H. Burr, master of the
+Colonial School, of which I was then a pupil. Mr. John F. Damon, on
+second thoughts, may be in the land of the living, and a resident of
+Washington. The society must have fallen into disuse in later years,
+for I understand the present institution is about twenty-six years
+old. I do not know that I can say anything more on this interesting
+subject but to wish it every prosperity.
+
+  "And believe me ever, yours truly,
+
+    "Edgar Fawcett."
+
+From Victoria _Colonist_ of September 5th, 1859:
+
+"Pursuant to public notice the Supreme Court room was filled on
+Saturday evening by a large and respectable audience for the purpose
+of organizing a Young Men's Christian Association.
+
+"Colonel Moody, R.E., on taking the chair, requested the Rev. E.
+Evans, D.D., Superintendent of the Wesleyan Mission, to open the
+meeting by prayer; after which the chairman explained the object of
+the Association, and urged with great cogency the importance of
+scientific and historical knowledge to young men, and the immense
+advantages which they would derive from Divine assistance in pursuing
+those various branches of study which were essential to the good
+citizen and Christian.
+
+"The Rev. E. Cridge, pastor of the Victoria Established Church, then
+moved the following resolution:
+
+"'That this meeting, recognizing the usefulness and importance of
+Young Men's Christian Associations, is gratified to find that steps
+have been taken to establish one in this town.'
+
+"He supported it at some length with many pertinent illustrations,
+and expressed himself warmly in favor of the institution.
+
+"T. J. Pidwell, Esq., seconded the motion. He adverted to the good
+results from similar institutions elsewhere; passed some strictures
+upon the alarming increase of saloons, and concluded that the
+organization of a Christian Association with its Library, and the
+opportunity which it would afford for the discussion of general
+theological and political questions would have a powerful tendency to
+guard the young men of this colony from falling into habits
+destructive of good morals.
+
+"The Rev. Dr. Evans, with an eloquent and forcible speech then moved:
+
+"'That this meeting pledge itself to encourage and support by every
+means in its power this the first Young Men's Christian Association
+established in Vancouver's Island.'
+
+"His remarks exhibited the greatest degree of tolerance. All narrow
+views in the organization and working of the Association were
+undesirable. To cherish the great essentials of religion as laid down
+by the founder of Christianity was the principal object of the
+institution. The moral and spiritual advantages to the young men of
+the colony arising from the Association he was satisfied would be
+very great. It deserved every encouragement, and he heartily
+concurred in promoting the object of its founders, and hoped it
+would not only secure moral but financial support.
+
+"The Rev. W. F. Clarke, Congregational Missionary, with great
+pleasure seconded the motion, and supported it with a speech of
+considerable length, replete with argument and illustration,
+portraying the advantages of the Association in a community like
+this, where there was so little public opinion to influence and
+direct young men; whilst there were so many things incident to the
+love of money in a gold country to induce youth to contract habits
+adverse to the progress of morals and religion.
+
+"A. F. Pemberton, Esq., then moved: 'That the following gentlemen be
+requested to act as office-bearers for the ensuing year. Patron,
+His Excellency, the Governor; President, Col. Moody, R.E.;
+Vice-Presidents, Judge Cameron and Captain Prevost, R.N.; Committee,
+Messrs. A. F. Pemberton, Pidwell, Sparrow, Burr, Holt, Damon, Evans
+and Cunningham, with power to add to their numbers; Secretary, Mr.
+Cooper.'
+
+"He concurred in the object of the Association; and briefly adverted
+to the fact that the Rev. Mr. Cridge and himself had, a year ago,
+contemplated a similar institution.
+
+"John Wright, Esq., seconded the motion.
+
+"Col. Moody having retired from the chair, it was filled by J. T.
+Pidwell, Esq., when the Rev. Dr. Evans moved 'That the thanks of the
+meeting be presented to Col. Moody for the very able manner in which
+he had occupied the Chair.'
+
+"Seconded by the Rev. Mr. Clarke, and passed with applause.
+
+"Col. Moody then briefly replied that he came here from England with
+the sole object of promoting the best interests of the country, and
+in aiding in the promotion of the objects of this Association he was
+but performing his duty.
+
+"All the speakers were repeatedly applauded; and all the resolutions
+passed by acclamation.
+
+"The Doxology having been sung, the Rev. E. Cridge pronounced a
+benediction, when the meeting dispersed, highly gratified with the
+organization of the First Young Men's Christian Association of
+Victoria, Vancouver Island."
+
+[Illustration: Sir Richard McBride.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+THE LATE MR. T. GEIGER.
+
+
+About thirty-five years ago, maybe a little more, it was a fine
+bright summer afternoon and rather warm. The sun beat down on the
+awnings on the east side of Government Street. It was the custom then
+for all stores to have wooden awnings with a kind of drop curtain
+awning which rolled up and down, and on the summer afternoons it was
+sure to be down. But to proceed; when all these drop curtains were
+down the sidewalk was enclosed from one end of the street to the
+other. Before I proceed to say anything more about these awnings and
+sidewalks, I will have to admit that our city was not the Victoria of
+to-day, and I am sure I shall hardly be credited if I assert that a
+cannon might have been fired down the centre of Government Street,
+and chances taken of not striking anyone. I mean that a time could
+have been chosen when it could have been done with perfect safety. On
+any of these quiet afternoons, a sudden uproar might have been heard
+of a flock of geese alighting from a distance on Government Street to
+feed on the sides of the streets on the grass that grew there. As
+they passed up the street they chattered away, likely discussing the
+quiet times which permitted them to make a feeding ground of the
+chief business street of the city. During the time the geese are
+chatting with one another, several little groups of Victoria's
+respected citizens are having their afternoon chat on the several
+topics of the day. I see them now, as I saw them then, a row of
+chairs, some of them tipped back and the occupier perhaps smoking.
+There was, likely, Alexander Gilmore, merchant tailor. Then half a
+dozen guests in the front of the Colonial Hotel, which was next door
+to Fletcher's music store; then Joe Lovett of Lovett's Exchange, and
+then the subject of my little sketch, Tommy Geiger. He was well known
+and well liked by all, and fond of a joke was Tommy. No one ever
+thought of calling him other than "Tommy" in those good old days.
+Very few fortunes were made in those days on Government Street, or
+those summer afternoon chats, sitting on tipped-up chairs would not
+have been held.
+
+It must have been a slack time of the day to be able to enjoy
+themselves in this free and easy manner. A customer goes into one of
+these stores, the proprietor gets up, goes in to serve him, and then
+returns to his seat to resume the conversation. They did not worry,
+they lived quietly, were able to bring up their families as they
+should, and to-day these families represent some of our best business
+men. So I say "_requiescat in pace_." He was an enthusiastic
+fireman in those days when volunteer firemen did so much for nothing
+and that efficiently, too.
+
+
+THE ROSTER OF THE "FIFTY-EIGHTERS" IN THE PROVINCE.
+
+The following is a list of those who remain of the twenty thousand
+people who arrived in Victoria from San Francisco in 1858, the first
+year of the gold excitement:
+
+ Anderson, James R. November.  Str. Cortez, from San Francisco.    Ar. with sister; retired Deputy
+                                                                     Minister of Agriculture
+ Adams, Frank.      July       Str. Pacific, from San Francisco.   Ar. young, with father and mother;
+                                                                     now with firm of E. B. Marvin & Co.
+ Allatt, Frederick. August 12. Str. John L. Stephens,              Ar. young, with father and mother;
+                                      from S. Francisco.             now carpenter and contractor
+ Alexander,         March.     Str. Oregon, from San Francisco.    Ar. with wife and son
+   Charles.
+ Borde, August.     April.     Str. America, from San Francisco.   Ar. with father and mother;
+                                                                     now Municipal Water Rates Collector
+ Booth, Samuel.     September. Str. Cortez, from San Francisco.    Ar. with brother
+ Borthwick, Ralph.  July 7.    Str. Orizaba, from San Francisco.   Ar. single; hotel-keeper
+ Burnes, Thomas J.  May 11.    Str. Commodore, from San Francisco. Ar. single; hotel-keeper, now Customs
+                                                            Officer; was prominent fireman in early days
+ Chambers, Walter.                                                 Ar. with father and mother
+ Cogan,             August.    Ship Oracle, from San Francisco.    Ar. with father and mother
+   Mrs. George.
+ Collins, Henry.    August.    Ship Oracle, from San Francisco.    Ar. with father and mother
+ Gribble, Henry.    June.      Str. Republic from San Francisco.   Ar. single; gold miner, then
+                                                                     engaged in retail business
+ Harrison,          July.      Str. Brother Jonathan,              Ar. with husband, son and daughter
+   Mrs. Eli, Sr.                 from S. Francisco.
+ Harrison, Eli.     July.      Str. Brother Jonathan,              Ar. with father, mother and sister;
+                                  from S. Francisco.                 now Judge
+ Hastings,          August.    Ship Oracle, from San Francisco.    Ar. with father, mother and sister.
+   Mrs. Oregon C.                                                    Maiden name Layzell
+ Helgeson, Hans.    July 4.    Str. Brother Jonathan,              Ar. single
+                                 from S. Francisco.
+ Higgins, David W.  July 19.   Str. Sierra Nevada,                 Ar. single; newspaper proprietor,
+                                 from San Francisco.                 retired
+ Humphreys,         Dec. 28.   Overland, from California.          Ar. single; gold miner,
+   William.                                                          now in Customs
+ Lombard, Charles.  August.    Str. Oregon, from San Francisco.    Ar. with father and mother;
+                                                                     now in the optical business
+ Marvin,            July.      Str. Pacific, from San Francisco.   Ar. with husband and son
+   Mrs. Edward.
+ McPhadden, Mrs.    July.      Str. Brother Jonathan,              Ar. with father, mother and brother.
+                                 from S. Francisco.                  Maiden name Harrison
+ Moore, John.       July.      Str. Cortez, from San Francisco.    Ar. with father, mother and brother.
+                                                                     Purser C.P.R. Co.
+ Moore, William.    July.      Str. Cortez, from San Francisco.    Ar. with father, mother and brother.
+                                                                     Miner in Alaska
+ Moore, James.      May.       Via Bellingham Bay,                 Ar. single; gold miner
+                                 from San Francisco.
+ Phillips,          July.      Str. Pacific, from San Francisco.   Ar. with husband and son.
+   Mrs. Alexander.                                                   Resident of Seattle, Wash.
+ Phelps,            August.    Ship Oracle, from San Francisco.    Ar. with husband;
+   Mrs. Edward.                                                      now widow in this city
+ Scott,             June.      Barque George Anna,                 Ar. with husband;
+   Mrs. William.                 from San Francisco.                 now widow in this city
+ Seward, Thomas W.  May.       Barque D. M. Hall,                  Ar. single; gold miner
+                                 from San Francisco.
+ Sere, John B.      June 11.   Str. Republic from San Francisco.   Ar. with wife and son;
+                                                           was prominent hotel-keeper--Hotel de France
+ Stelly, George.    May.       Str. Oregon, from San Francisco.    Ar. single; contractor
+ Wolfenden, Mrs. H. August.    Ship Oracle from San Francisco.     Ar. with father and mother
+
+This list and statement has been compiled with the greatest care
+by the undersigned, who has lived in this city continuously since
+February 13th, 1859, when he arrived with his mother and three
+brothers on the steamer Northerner, from San Francisco, Cal.,
+his father, Thomas Lea Fawcett, having arrived the previous year,
+July, 1858.
+
+  Sept. 1st, 1908.
+
+  EDGAR FAWCETT.
+
+The undersigned, who has lived in this city since July, 1858,
+certifies to the correctness of this statement.
+
+  D. W. HIGGINS.
+
+Note--Since the original list was compiled in 1908, thirteen
+have since died, leaving thirty-one remaining, as per above list, on
+March 1st, 1912.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+ROSTER OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTERS
+
+
+Being those remaining in 1908 of the 20,000 people who came to
+Victoria from California in the year 1858. Total, 45.--E. F.
+
+Before the year 1858, Victoria was a trading station or fort of the
+Hudson's Bay Company. In that year the news that gold had been
+discovered on Fraser River had reached San Francisco. It was not long
+ere the news travelled all over California and craft of all kinds
+were soon on the berth for Victoria. The list of steamers alone is
+a long one, and they were mostly taken off the Panama route, and
+are all to-day a thing of the past. There was the _Pacific_, the
+loss of which caused the greatest loss of life of them all put
+together, the _Cortez_, _John L. Stephens_, _Oregon_, _America_,
+afterwards the _Brother Jonathan_, _Orizaba_, _Commodore_,
+_Republic_, _Sierra Nevada_, and several smaller ones.
+
+Of those on the framed list there is Frank Adams, who has spent the
+best part of his life here, and is a partner in the firm of E. B.
+Marvin & Co.; James R. Anderson, late deputy minister of Agriculture,
+whose father was the first Collector of Customs for Vancouver Island
+in 1858; Frederick Allatt, who has also been here from childhood, and
+whose father was an early time contractor; Charles Alexander, of
+Saanich; August Borde and his mother, the former water rates
+collector for the city; Samuel Booth, who was in business in the
+city market building; Ralph Borthwick, and Thomas J. Burnes, formerly
+hotel men, and the latter a chief of the early Volunteer Fire
+Department. Walter Chambers, who came an infant, and who is so well
+known in connection with the lumber industry of this city; Mrs.
+George Cogan and Mrs. Henry Collins, two daughters of the late Mr.
+Rabson, of Esquimalt and Comox; Alexander Gilmore, one of the pioneer
+clothiers of this city; Henry Gribble, who for years kept a fancy
+goods store, and who is to-day blind; Mr. Judge Harrison and his
+mother, whom I have known since 1859; Mrs. O. C. Hastings, _nee_
+Miss Layzell, with whom I went to school in 1859; David W. Higgins,
+of whom I need say little, as he is so well known as an editor and
+writer of such interesting stories of early pioneer life; William
+Humphreys, late alderman and Cariboo miner; Samuel Kelly, who was
+another prominent volunteer fireman, chief of the early fire
+department; Charles Lombard, who was an amateur singer, assisted to
+make life pass pleasantly at the various concerts of early times;
+Mrs. Edward Marvin, mother of Mr. Frank Adams; Mrs. McPhaden, of
+Vancouver, and sister of Judge Harrison; Captain William Moore, the
+veteran steamboat captain, one of the best known men of British
+Columbia; Mrs. Moore, John Moore, the veteran purser, and his brother
+William; James Moore, one of the discoverers of gold on the Fraser
+River; Mrs. Alex. Phillips, her son, whose husband and father was a
+pioneer soda water maker of the early days; Mrs. W. Scott, whose
+husband was steward on so many of the early steamers of these waters;
+Louis G. McQuade, of P. McQuade & Sons; Thomas W. Seward, a veteran
+miner of Cariboo, and who is a familiar figure on our streets
+to-day as he strolls about; John B. Sere, of the Richmond, a former
+proprietor of the Hotel de France, on Government Street; Chas.
+McK. Smith, brother of Amor de Cosmos, founder of the _Colonist_;
+Stephen A. Spencer, a pioneer photographer; George Stelly, owner
+of the Clarence Block, and a pioneer teamster of long ago; Frank
+Sylvester, who died a month ago; Mrs. Julia Travis; Joseph W. Carey,
+formerly mayor; E. Cody Johnson, caretaker of the city market; Mrs.
+R. Wolfenden, wife of the King's Printer. This list will be framed
+and hung in the Parliament Buildings for the inspection of the sons
+and daughters of the above in the years to come.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+MORE LIGHT ON CLOSING OF VIEW STREET.
+
+
+I had intended to let "View Street" and its closing up in 1858 alone,
+being content that I had proved that it was understood in 1858 that
+it reached to Wharf Street, but I have since come upon some
+interesting evidence bearing upon it and so give it to those old
+timers whom I am sure will be interested. Firstly, there is to be
+seen plainly painted on a verandah on a building facing on what was
+then known as View Street, opposite the Hudson Bay Company's store
+"View Street," and I also produce an editorial in the _Colonist_,
+written by my old friend Amor de Cosmos, November 14, 1859, which
+proves that it was a burning question at that time and here it
+is verbatim.
+
+  The British _Colonist_, Printed and Published by Amor
+  De Cosmos, Wharf Street, East side, between
+  Yates and View Streets, Victoria, V. I.
+  Friday, September 9, 1859.
+
+This was cut out of the file that contained the editorial, as
+further proof.
+
+E. Fawcett.
+
+[Illustration: View St.]
+
+"We have long been aware that the Hudson's Bay Company claim the
+ownership of the streets of Victoria. In fact, in 1858 their title
+was so far asserted as to sell a portion of the street where Johnson
+and Wharf Streets unite at Victoria bridge.
+
+"They also shut up one street at the south end of the Fort and opened
+another a little beyond. Besides this they promised in 1838 to the
+purchasers of lots on View Street that that street should be opened
+from Broad to Wharf. Instead of fulfilling their promise like an
+honest company, that street was actually closed, instead of opened,
+by blocking up the west end by a large brick police building. It is
+true that since May last--when the Government reserve between Yates
+and the block house was seized by the Company, with the consent of
+His Excellency--a small alley has been opened where View Street ought
+to be, but even that by some unknown authority, assumed by the Police
+Commissioners, has been closed to vehicles. That authority will,
+however, soon be tested, if the obstacle is not speedily removed, as
+purchasers of lots in the reserve are entitled to its use. Had it not
+been for our timely exposure of the intentions of the Company, the
+line of Wharf Street would have been deflected like an elbow, from
+Reid's corner southerly. The last act, however, of the honorable
+Hudson's Bay Company, is not only contemptible, but 'unjust and
+oppressive,' although His Excellency Governor Douglas, in his
+despatch of October 25, 1858, said that the often asserted charge in
+England that the Company 'had made an unjust and oppressive use of
+their power in this country,' is altogether unfounded.
+
+"It appears that the agent of the Company sold last week all the
+trees on our streets to a party for firewood. Mr. Pemberton, Police
+Commissioner, at the request of some property holders, cut down the
+two oaks at the corner of Government and Yates Street, but it was no
+sooner done than Dr. Tuzo presented a bill to him for twenty dollars,
+ten dollars each. Opposite Mr. Adams' property on Douglas and
+View Streets, Mr. Adams forbid the parties, but in his absence they
+were felled. He then claimed the trees, as they were intersected
+every way by his property. But Dr. Tuzo threatened him with five
+hundred dollars damages, assuring him that the trees belonged to the
+Company. Up Fort Street a number of oaks have been felled. Aside
+from the vandalism which would sell and cut down a single tree
+for a few paltry dollars, where it was no obstruction to travel,
+but an ornament to the street--the act of itself is a foul
+wrong--unwarrantable and without a particle of right to support it,
+either in law or equity. We cannot well conceive how that the
+agents of the Company could do such a scurvy trick--such an act
+of vandalism--except that they have been influenced to do so by a
+resident San Francisco landshark. Selling the trees therefore may
+be to maintain color of title to the streets. But that will prove
+useless. Viewing the townsite as their private property, when they
+sold they forever conveyed away their claim to the streets. But the
+townsite is not private property, although it has unjustifiably been
+so claimed from the first settlement of the Colony. As private
+property the Company have no claim to it which will stand the test
+of law or equity. It is to all intents and purposes in the same
+condition as the lands of Cowichan, Nootka or Cape Scott; and the
+funds derived from the sale as justly belong to the Territorial
+revenues of the Colony. Taking then the townsite to be like other
+lands, subject to the conditions of the grant, (which we will
+hereafter prove) we find that one of the conditions says: 'That the
+said Company shall (for the purposes of colonization) dispose of all
+lands hereby granted to them, at a reasonable price, except as much
+thereof as may be required for public purposes.' The streets are
+used for public purposes--and for that reason the Company have no
+more right to them, nor the trees, than anyone else. Their act of
+felling trees on the public streets, and their intimation, deserves
+the strongest mark of public censure--and merits the attention of
+the proper authorities.
+
+"Besides if our connection with the Hudson's Bay Company is not
+speedily ended we may expect many more such trumped-up claims as
+their claim to the streets, which they will want us to pay for."
+
+I think my pioneer friends will now agree with me that enough
+evidence has been furnished to prove my contention that View Street
+was originally intended to reach from Wharf Street to Cook Street,
+and farther if necessary.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVII.
+
+BISHOP CRIDGE'S CHRISTMAS STORY.
+
+
+Some years ago the _Colonist_ requested several "old timers"
+to write for the Christmas number a description of Christmas as it
+was observed in the early days in this city.
+
+The following were those who wrote: The Venerable Bishop Cridge, Hon.
+Dr. Helmcken, Hon. D. W. Higgins, and the author of these
+reminiscences. I was so much interested myself in these stories (as I
+am in all Christmas stories), I decided, with the consent of the
+writers, to reproduce them in my book; not only as interesting, but
+as very instructive, describing, as they do, life in the pioneer days
+of the colony.
+
+[Portrait: Rev. Edward Cridge, 1859.]
+
+In essaying to write an account of my first Christmas at Victoria, I
+am met at the beginning with the inconvenient fact that I kept no
+journal, my only written records relating simply to my ministry or to
+things purely personal or domestic. What I write, therefore, is not a
+history, seeking materials from any and all sources of information,
+nor a biography, dealing with the writer's proper business in life,
+but a narrative of incidents occurring to memory, interesting to the
+reader only because they refer to the early history of our beloved
+city.
+
+Another thing has to be considered, namely, that as, after fifty
+years and more, the remembered incidents of a particular day or
+season would occupy but a few lines to relate, such a season may
+properly be regarded in relation to things going before and things
+following after.
+
+In this view, my memory carries me back to a very happy day, April 1,
+1855, when the good sailing ship _Margius of Bute_, chartered by
+the Hudson's Bay Company to bring its freight and passengers,
+including myself as chaplain and district minister of Victoria, my
+wife and servants, to this far-off island, calling at Honolulu by the
+way, cast anchor off Clover Point, so terminating a voyage of about
+six months' duration from London. The next day, having moved to the
+inner harbor, we made our first acquaintance with several Victorians,
+who came on board to give us and our _compagnons de voyage_ a
+cordial welcome. That same morning we received an invitation from His
+Excellency Governor Douglas to luncheon, who also sent a boat to take
+us ashore; the boatman was good John Spelde, concerning whom I
+curiously remember my wife telling me that her domestic, Mary Ann
+Herbert, referred to him later in the day as the "man with the
+fingers," he having lost three of those members in the firing of a
+salute on some ceremonial occasion.
+
+After the luncheon, never to be forgotten for the cordial welcome of
+His Excellency and Mrs. Douglas and their interesting family, not to
+say the delicious salmon and other delicacies after shipboard fare,
+we were conducted to the Fort, which was to be our temporary abode
+till the Parsonage, which then began to be built, should be finished.
+I have no recollection of the impression produced on my mind as we
+entered by the south gate the large square fenced in by tall
+palisades and frowning bastions, only I am certain I had no fear of
+being imprisoned in this stronghold of the great Adventurers; on the
+contrary, I distinctly remember that as, proceeding past the central
+bell-tower to our rooms, on the north side, east of the main
+entrance, we entered the spacious, though empty, apartments
+destined for our reception, my wife fairly danced for joy at our
+release from the long and tedious confinement on shipboard. The very
+emptiness of the rooms was a charm. It was the new home to which from
+her mother's house in London only a few days before sailing together
+to the other end of the world, I had brought her, and what bride does
+not joy to see her work awaiting her, though the house be empty and
+bare! With the help of our two servants, and local carpenters,
+supplies from the Company's stores, and our ample outfit, she soon
+effected a transformation.
+
+I remember also, something of the evening and night of that first
+day; the tea and fresh milk and bread and butter; and how, when
+settling ourselves to sleep for the night, we saw a large white rat
+crossing the stovepipe which ran through our bedroom from the great
+Canadian stove in the sitting-room. It is curious how trifling things
+cleave to the memory, while the monotonous things of everyday life,
+which are our proper business, give no signal.
+
+The next morning I was introduced to several officers and cadets of
+the company messing at the Port: W. J. Macdonald, now our well-known
+representative in the Senate; B. W. Sangster, Farquhar, Mackay,
+Newton, Sangster (Sangster's Plains Postmaster), also to Chief Factor
+Finlaison, who lived in a house in the southwest corner of the Port;
+and Dr. Helmcken, now, for reasons of state, the Hon. J. S. Helmcken,
+residing with his wife in the house which he still occupies; later J.
+D. Pemberton, who returned from England, bringing his sister, Miss
+Pemberton.
+
+Looking back now to my first Sunday service, I have no recollection
+of it as distinguished from other similar services to follow.
+From my written records only I find that the text of my sermon on
+the occasion was, "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to
+every creature," and that I referred in the conclusion to the Crimean
+War just ended; but there is pictured in my memory the figure of a
+man coming past the bell-tower with a prayer book under his arm,
+"going to church." Him I was afterwards to know as good John Dutnall,
+a dear and faithful friend to me as long as he lived.
+
+The church services were held in the messroom. There was no
+instrument and no organized choir. Of those whose voices contributed
+to this part of divine worship I think only Mrs. W. J. Macdonald
+survives.
+
+As to my first Christmas Day, which this year ('55) fell on a
+Tuesday, I can remember nothing of it as distinguished from other
+Christmas Days to follow (more than fifty in number); but my records
+say that my text was, "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth
+peace, goodwill towards men." But where we dined, what we had for
+dinner, or how we spent the day, my wife might have told, but I
+cannot. I know that we spent many Christmas evenings at the
+Governor's very pleasantly, and this may have been, and probably was,
+one of them. I remember that one New Year's Eve there was a violent
+snowstorm, which hindered me from holding a service at Craigflower,
+as I had intended, but my records show what I do not in the least
+remember, that I preached at Craigflower on New Year's Day. I also
+remember that by Christmas Day we had moved into the Parsonage, and
+that my two sisters, who had arrived at Esquimalt from England, a
+week before, were with us on that day. I remember a good deal about
+the Parsonage in those early days. It was almost in the country.
+As it was at first unfenced, my wife was often afraid at noises. One
+night we heard a scraping, and she was sure that someone was breaking
+into the house. I tried to persuade her that burglars did not
+announce their presence in that open fashion. However, to reassure
+her, I reconnoitred, and found it was only an old sow rubbing her
+back against an old shed nearby.
+
+The Parsonage ground was all wild, but the soil good, and as it was
+my future home, the task of trying to make it a worthy appendage of
+the district church was a pleasant one. My servant, James Ravey, was
+a good gardener, but rather more inclined to the useful than the
+ornamental. When my wife wanted to enlist his interest in flower
+gardening, he remarked that the flowers he had liked best were
+cauliflowers. However, she had her way, he nothing loath. Dr.
+Helmcken liberally supplied us with a variety of flowers from his
+well-kept garden, among which I remember daisies--not the wee,
+modest, crimson-tipped flowers, but variegated beauties, gorgeous
+through ages of culture. There was not a wild daisy in the country;
+but now they are spreading everywhere, as if when left alone they
+preferred their natural state. The Governor also took a kindly
+interest in the work, offering valuable hints as to the planting of
+fruit trees, etc. Mr. Work, of Hillside, also sent me a fine lot of
+young ornamental trees, which flourished well. A good gardening book
+was loaned me of the company--a long loan, I think, as I have
+possession of it still.
+
+So the garden, though nothing to boast of in the artistic point of
+view, yielded abundance of fruit.
+
+[Portrait: Bishop and Mrs. Cridge.]
+
+But if it were pleasant to get into the Parsonage, it by no means
+follows that life in the Fort was dreary; on the contrary, some
+of our happiest hours were spent there. Besides my satisfaction with
+the present and hopes for the future, coupled with the companionship
+of one who had full possession of my heart and life, we were forming
+and cementing friendships which were to endure for many a long year.
+Not only this--there were pleasant musical and social evenings. There
+were voices and instruments; Mrs. Mouat, with the piano brought out
+with her from England; Mr. Augustus Pemberton, lately arrived from
+Ireland with his flute; Mr. B. W. Pearse, with his violin; I did what
+I could with my 'cello, the instrument my father had and played when
+a boy.
+
+It was also during those early days that we, my wife and I, had our
+first experience of the Governor's delightful riding parties on
+Saturday afternoons, when the officers of the Company and friends,
+their wives and daughters, rode merrily across the country unimpeded
+by gates or bars. I remember the first, when my wife, who did not
+ride, had her first drive in the Governor's carriage--a homemade
+vehicle, without springs, as befitted the times and the place; our
+destination was Cadboro Bay, which we reached by a trail which,
+beginning near the Fort, lay all through open country without a house
+or field till we arrived at the Company's farm at that beautiful
+spot; and though I cannot remember what we did there on that day, I
+remember well that on many another day I had to send man and horse
+there for meat for my family.
+
+On another occasion our ride lying along the Saanich trail, when near
+the North Dairy farm the Governor called a halt; a man stepped out
+and fired up into a tree and a grouse fell dead; he reloaded and
+fired up into the same tree again and another grouse fell dead.
+I, if no one else in the party, was astonished at conduct so
+different from that of birds in civilized countries. Whether it was
+the proper time for grouse-shooting I know not, for I have no record
+of the date, nor, indeed, of the occurrence. Perhaps the Natural
+History Society might be able to explain why the second bird behaved
+as it did. I think it was in the same ride that another halt was
+called, it being reported that a bear was in a thicket near the
+trail. All listened and looked, and when I remarked to the Governor
+that I thought I heard the creature roar, His Excellency said, "Bears
+do not roar!" I believe he was right, for though we read in both
+versions of the Bible, "We all roar like bears," I have reason to
+believe that the translation is incorrect, besides believing also
+that the man whose life is largely spent in the wilds is more likely
+to be right on such a point than the scholar in his study. Perhaps
+the Natural History Society may throw some light on this question
+also: "Do bears roar?"
+
+In those early days there were frequently several men-of-war in
+Esquimalt harbor at once. Being the only Protestant clergyman then in
+the Island, I often visited them and had much pleasant intercourse
+with the officers. But my memory serves me little as to particulars.
+I find the following entries:
+
+"Aug. 28, '55.--Attended a prayer meeting on board H. M. S.
+_Trincomalee_."
+
+"Sept. 9, '55.--_Trincomalee_ sailed and _President_
+arrived."
+
+"Oct. 28, '55.--The Reverend Holme, Chaplain of H. M. S.
+_President_, preached for me in the afternoon at the Fort."
+
+"Aug. 11, '55.--H. M. S. _Monarch_ arrived."
+
+"Sept. 14, '56.--Mr. Green, Chaplain of the _Monarch_, preached
+for me in the afternoon;" also "on Sept. 21." These last two
+sermons were preached in the district church (called "Christ Church,"
+after my church in London), it having been opened and divine service
+held therein the month before.
+
+"Aug. 30, '56.--The Governor went in the _Trincomalee_ to
+Cowichan to demand the Indian who had lately shot a white man." The
+wounded man was brought to the Fort, where I visited him. He
+recovered and was sent away to be safe from the Indians' vengeance.
+The Indian who shot him was delivered up by his tribe, was tried and
+executed in their presence.
+
+"Aug. 21, '56.--Held a prayer meeting at the Parsonage, with Mr.
+Cook, the gunner, and Mr. Price, midshipman, both of the
+_Trincomalee_.
+
+"Aug. 24, '56.--Held a prayer meeting with Mr. Cook, of the
+_Trincomalee_, in the Craigflower school-room."
+
+From the above records it would appear that the _Trincomalee_
+was in these waters over a year at this period. I think her presence
+had to do with the Russian war. It was after Admiral Price shot
+himself on account of some error he had committed in the war. I
+remember the Governor saying to me one day, that he had received
+instructions from the Home Government to build a hospital at
+Esquimalt for some wounded sailors expected down from Petrapolowski,
+but had not been told where the money was to come from. The hospital
+was built, however, but I do not remember that any wounded were
+brought; but I remember visiting afterwards a sick Victorian, who
+died there. The present naval hospital is, I believe, the one I refer
+to.
+
+About this time I remember an American ship-of-war coming with a
+United States Commissioner on board to settle with Governor Douglas
+the boundary between the British and American territories on the
+mainland, and his attending divine service in the district church,
+and my including the United States President in the church prayers.
+
+I remember also my wife's inviting Lieutenant Parry, of one of H. M.
+ships, to stay a few days with us at our rooms in the Fort, he being
+in delicate health and having just heard of the death of his father,
+Sir Edward Parry, the celebrated Arctic navigator and explorer.
+
+As the latter died in July, 1835, the visit referred to would be
+shortly after this. I have still the gold pencil case he gave me as a
+memento of his visit. He died not long afterwards, and I had some
+correspondence in reference to the sorrowful event with Bishop Parry
+(his brother, I think).
+
+I remember also, though the names escape me, the captain of one of
+the ships telling me a thrilling story of his recently finding the
+remains of a Captain Gardiner and his party, who had been starved to
+death on some shore in the neighborhood of Cape Horn, a tragedy which
+caused widespread interest and pity at the time.
+
+At this time there were no local newspapers. Mails were received from
+England once a fortnight, fetched by canoe from the American side;
+ships from England once a year. The opening of the annual box from
+friends there was an exciting event to my wife. _The Otter_
+(Capt. Mouat) was occasionally sent to San Francisco for requisites.
+In the same vessel I remember our going with Governor Douglas to San
+Juan Island, then in possession of the British, and Mr. Griffin, the
+Company's officer in charge there, presenting my wife with a
+beautiful fawn, which we brought back with us.
+
+I know not what the population of Victoria might be at that
+time, though I think two hundred would be the outside; the population
+on the whole island being about six hundred. You could, I think,
+count the houses on each of the four principal streets--Government,
+Fort, Yates, Johnson--on the fingers on one hand. I only remember
+three on James Bay side, to reach which, there being no bridge to
+connect with Government Street, you had to go round by where the
+Church of Our Lord now stands.
+
+For reasons which will presently appear, I regard the Christmas
+season of 1855 as the ending of a first chapter of the very
+remarkable history of this province of British Columbia, to be
+followed by another in the ensuing year destined to include events
+which the most far-seeing at the time could not possibly have
+imagined. I write simply as an observer, included, indeed, in the
+great movement, but not, strictly speaking, a working part of it. A
+time was coming, as we now know, when a flood of people was suddenly
+to overflow our city, sweeping onward to and over the mainland like a
+tidal wave from the great ocean of life; but whether it was by some
+fortunate chance decree of an overruling Providence, it did not come
+till the city was better than of old and prepared to deal with it.
+
+The time had now come when the dual government--the _imperium in
+imperio_--was to cease, and the people to stand in direct relation
+to the sovereign. Influenced, as we have reason to believe, by
+complaints of the settlers, it was decided by the Home authorities to
+grant them a free constitution after the English model, so far as
+popular representation was concerned. And so it came to pass that
+within eight months after Christmas, 1855, the newly-elected
+representatives of the people were, in the name of Her Majesty the
+Queen, called together by the Governor in a room within the Fort,
+and by him, with counsel and prayer, commended to the long-coveted
+duties of legislation. Thus was a small shoot of an Empire
+unsurpassed for the freedom of its subjects well and truly planted in
+the western shore of the vast possessions of Great Britain, this side
+of the provinces in the East, and now did the people, rejoicing in
+their freedom, begin to look for expansion and progress. But with
+what hope? What was the prospect of their reaching the conditions
+which we see to-day?
+
+[Portrait: Bishop Cridge.]
+
+Looking at the more than twenty years it had taken to reach their
+present population of six hundred souls; looking at the
+inaccessibility of the Island to all but a few adventurous or wealthy
+immigrants; allowing also full force to the new attraction of a land
+whose people enjoyed the privilege of self-government; I think the
+most sanguine in that day could not have expected such a result as we
+see to-day in a less period than centuries to come. To us who know
+what brought it to pass; to us who know that the real efficient cause
+of the marvelous effect was the strongest passion and incentive to
+adventure that ever actuated the mind of man, it all seems natural
+and easy; but to the six hundred in 1856 it would have seemed a
+dream. At the same time it must, I think, be admitted that such a
+sudden inrush must have endangered, if not the independence, at least
+the peace and order of the community on which it fell. For what, we
+may ask, might have been the consequence if the cry of gold for the
+picking up had been raised earlier, in the time, say, of the dual
+government, when, as is well known, the people were discontented with
+a government which, excellent as it confessedly was for the times,
+had its own profit first of all to be considered, instead of
+coming, as it did, to a people which, rejoicing in its newly-found
+freedom, was not to be reckoned on for favoring any schemes of
+wildness or riot? I do not suggest any danger of invasion or
+overthrow of the government when hundreds of thousands of
+gold-seekers from the neighboring country filled the streets of our
+little city; England's far-reaching arm sufficed to cope with that;
+but I do suggest danger to law and order afterwards. For this the
+presence of warships in Esquimalt harbor could afford but slight
+remedy. The remedy must be in the people themselves and in the
+administration of law. A little leaven leavens a great lump, but in
+this case the leaven of discontent being removed, the lump remained
+uncontaminated. That this was how order was restored will appear from
+what followed after the suppression of the disorder which broke out
+among the miners at the beginning.
+
+Mr. Augustus F. Pemberton, commissioner of police, was staying at my
+house when, after he had gone to bed, a message came from the Chief
+of Police that the town was in an uproar, and that the miners were
+threatening to take the city. Mr. Pemberton immediately repaired to
+the Governor's and reported. His Excellency's first impulse was to
+fix on his sword; but he changed his mind and sent a messenger
+express to order a gunboat from Esquimalt. Meanwhile Mr. Pemberton
+went into the city and conferred with the miners till the gunboat
+arrived, and thus ended the matter.
+
+As I went with Mr. Pemberton to the Governor's house and to the city
+on this occasion, I write as an eye-witness. I may say that my
+impression is that there was no serious intention on the part of the
+miners as a body to take the city by force. I knew too many of
+them afterwards, of good and peaceable conduct, to think it. But it
+was well that the disorderly among them should begin their education
+in English law by this prompt display of force.
+
+I now note a singular condition of things, as conducive to the
+continuance and perpetuation of the order thus restored. The miners
+at this time to the number, it was computed, of some ten thousand,
+were encamped in the open spaces of the city, waiting for the most
+suitable time for proceeding to the mainland in their search for
+gold. I do not remember how long the time was that they waited, but
+it was certainly some weeks. And what I wish emphatically to say is,
+that this interval afforded them a unique opportunity of learning
+what British law and order meant. Mr. Pemberton was their teacher.
+Fearless, untiring and vigilant, he suppressed every disorder as it
+arose. There was need.
+
+A man was killed in a duel on Church Hill. Thenceforth it was at a
+man's peril to be found with a revolver on his person, and so the
+odious practice fell into disuse.
+
+The effect of this practical education in obedience to law on the
+thousands thus gathered together in one place can easily be imagined.
+Not only did they become peaceable and orderly, and even friendly,
+while here, even meeting in a body to hear the Governor's advice as
+to their movements, but wherever they were scattered abroad on the
+mainland, lawlessness was a thing unknown among them as a body, and
+they wrought as if they remembered the Governor's parting words which
+still seem to sound in my ears: "There is gold in the country, and
+you are the men to find it!"
+
+Thus I think it is plain that Mr. Pemberton was practically the real
+exponent of British law and order in that arduous time. We do not
+forget what is due on the mainland to Matthew Baillie Begbie, Chief
+Justice, who dealt rigidly with offenders committed for trial before
+him. His inflexible administration of the law struck terror into the
+hearts of evildoers. Still less must we forget the man at the helm
+and master of the ship, His Excellency Governor Douglas, who, by
+his sagacity, penetration, and godly fear, coupled with his long
+experience of personal rule over men, ever knew what to do and when
+to do it.
+
+Thus from Victoria went forth an influence for law and order
+throughout the land, which will not soon pass away. Our little city
+has ever been noted as being English in character and law-abiding in
+conduct. May she remain so. She does well to rejoice and be thankful
+for the natural beauties which so richly adorn her site. Let her also
+so continue to follow the right, the good, the loving and the true,
+that she may for this also be as a city set on a hill whose light
+cannot be hid.
+
+Regarding, as I do, the six hundred islanders with the patriotic
+Governor at their head as the real foundation of the things to come
+in the second chapter of their history, I have written from memory
+such names as my position enabled me to become acquainted with at
+that early period, intending to add them to this paper, but space
+forbids.
+
+And now I should earnestly desire to send my Christmas greetings to
+the people of Victoria; first to the few dear old friends that remain
+of the old Fort days, and next to those who have come later, from all
+of whom I have received kindnesses which God alone can repay. May His
+blessing rest on all and each one not only of our beloved city, but
+on the whole of this our Province of British Columbia, for we are all
+one, as the name imports.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+CHRISTMAS REMINISCENCES BY HON. J. S. HELMCKEN.
+
+
+Hudson Bay Days.
+
+You ask me to give some information as to the observance of Christmas
+Day in the early days of the Colony, say fifty-five years ago. I may
+say at once that there were no set forms of celebration in those
+days, save that the chaplain, Rev. Mr. Staines, held divine service
+in the mess-room, a hall that served for baptisms, deaths and
+marriages, also balls and other recreation. At the same time Rev.
+Father Lamfpet, a missionary Catholic priest, assembled his flock in
+a shanty, built chiefly by himself and plastered with clay, which had
+wide cracks in it. This edifice stood on Courtney Street, between
+Douglas and Government. Of course Christmas Day was a holiday.
+
+[Portrait: Dr. Helmcken.]
+
+In the early days changes came quickly. In 1852 Captain Langford,
+wife and family arrived. They were in some way connected with the
+then Governor Blanchard. T. Skinner, Esq., wife and family arrived at
+the same time. These were British and cultured people. Langford and
+Skinner were agents of the Puget Sound Company, so with them came a
+large number of Britishers, to open up and cultivate farms at
+Colwood, the latter near the now Naval Hospital at Esquimalt. Captain
+Grant and Captain Cooper were here, and soon came the noble,
+steadfast laird, Mr. Kenneth McKenzie, wife and family. These brought
+their customs with them, so of course Christmas observances. It
+will thus be seen that Christmas and other customs came with the
+immigrants, and from the planting of that seed, the present Christmas
+observances have grown. In Scotland and America the day is much more
+observed than formerly; all did as they pleased--shooting, hunting,
+fishing and visiting being the chief recreations, and getting as good
+a dinner as possible, perhaps practise at the Beacon, a barrel
+riddled with bullets, and standing on a long pole. This beacon was a
+mark for ships. Another stood near the water to the north. Captain
+Sangster used to perambulate here, a telescope in hand, watching for
+the annual Hudson's Bay Company's ship, the signal being two guns.
+
+No waits at night, no chimes, no bells, no Christmas carols, no
+pianos, in fact no musical instruments of any kind, save the bell of
+the Fort. On one occasion a dance and supper were determined on, but
+where was the band? Nothing but Mr. Tod and his fiddle existed. Mr.
+Tod, a good soul, peace be with him, ever ready to assist, assisted.
+Mr. Tod had a peculiarity; when playing he would cast off a shoe, and
+kept time by stamping the resounding floor with his stockinged foot.
+However, an employee came forth, "I can help you, sirs; give me a
+sheet of tin." He got it, and in a short time came back with a tin
+whistle, on which he played admirably. This was the band, and
+everyone enjoyed the dance and everything else. The band, too, was
+the orchestra at a night of private theatricals, in which J. D.
+Pemberton and Joseph McKay were the star actors, whilst the
+others handed round port, ale, cider, ginger beer, oranges, lemons
+and nuts--that is to say they would if they had them.
+
+There were no public-houses nor public amusements at this time,
+turkeys unknown and beef scarce. In fact a rudimentary Christmas
+festival of a holiday, not holy-day, type.
+
+It may be here remarked that sixty years ago Christmas Day was but
+little observed in Scotland, and the same may be said of America. In
+England, however, where it was and is a statute holiday, Christmas
+was universally celebrated. Essentially it was a children's day and
+one of family reunions, and in those days when travelling was
+expensive and tedious, this meant more than it does to-day. The
+visitors received a joyous welcome, not a sort of empty every-day
+one. Plum pudding, roast beef, and mince pies and nuts were the order
+of the day, for beverage various kinds of drinks. Holly and mistletoe
+and evergreens obtained in nearly every house; in fact it was a
+joyous day from morn till night. Games of various kinds were played.
+Toys for children, rudimentary toys and picture books, cheap, and
+such as the too knowing children of to-day would turn up their little
+noses at, and my goodness! the fun of the mistletoe and mulberry
+tree! Spreading of course from British Columbia, but in sober earnest
+to the immortal Charles Dickens' works, particularly the Pickwick
+Club and the annual "Christmas Stories."
+
+The holly now, as in England, generally used, is not indigenous, but
+grown from introduced seed chiefly. The berried holly is now in great
+demand all along the Pacific shores, and American purchasers
+are eager to buy it. Curiously, it grows well in Victoria and
+neighborhood, but fails as it grows south. Mistletoe, a parasite,
+used of old in the mystic rites of the Druids, does not grow here,
+but a species thereof comes from the States, which serves its usual
+purpose, in spite of all moral reformers and the scientific maxims
+of the dangers of bacteria (bacteria of love) incurred in and by
+osculation. Who cares about this kind of danger when under the
+mistletoe at Christmas--the fun and pleasure of obtaining it or at
+"blindman's buff," and the pretended wish and effort not to be
+caught. None of this in Victoria in 1850. How soon after?
+
+Oh, the merry days when we were young! Turkeys were rare, but Dr.
+Trimble had a turkey which he kept on his premises on Broad Street.
+Daily he and Mrs. Trimble would visit his treasure, who with his
+fantail erect and feathers vibrating and with a gobble-gobble and
+proud step would show his pleasure at the meeting, but the doctor and
+wife, although admiring and loving the proud and handsome bird, had
+murderous thoughts in their "innards," and declared he would be a
+splendid bird by Christmas for dinner, so in due course they invited
+some half dozen friends to eat the turkey on Christmas Day. A few
+days before Christmas, the doctor and wife, on their daily visit,
+found the turkey had vanished. Inquiries were made for it, and the
+invited friends were assiduous in helping to unravel the mystery, and
+concluded in the end that it had been stolen. They condoled and
+sympathized with the bereaved, and tried to assuage the grief by
+telling Trimble and wife that they would give him a dinner on
+Christmas Day instead! The grief-stricken parties accepted the
+invitation, as the best thing to be done under the unfortunate
+circumstances. So on Christmas Day they assembled very jollily.
+The earlier courses were eaten with fizz, etc. Now comes up the
+principal dish, which being uncovered displayed a fine cooked turkey.
+Trimble was a good-natured fellow, so you may easily foretell what
+followed. Who stole the turkey? The echoes of their laughing,
+intertwining shadows reply "Who-o-o?"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+MY FIRST CHRISTMAS DINNER IN VICTORIA, 1860.
+
+
+By D. W. H.
+
+"Ask and it shall be given you; seek and ye shall find; knock and
+it shall be opened unto you. For every one that asketh receiveth;
+and he that seeketh findeth, and to him that knocketh it shall be
+opened."--Matt. 7:7, 8.
+
+On the 22nd day of December, 1860, nearly fifty-three years ago, I
+sat in the editorial room of the _Colonist_ office on Wharf
+Street, concocting a leading article. Mr. Amor De Cosmos, the able
+editor and owner, had contracted a severe cold and was confined to
+his room at Wilcox's Royal Hotel, so the entire work of writing up
+the paper for that issue devolved upon me. The office was a rude,
+one-story affair of wood. It had been erected for a merchant early in
+1858, and when he failed or went away the building fell into Mr. De
+Cosmos' hands. On the 11th December, 1858, Mr. De Cosmos established
+the _Colonist_, which has ever since filled a prominent and
+honorable position in colonial journalism. Our office, as I have
+remarked, was a rude affair. The accompanying picture will convey a
+better idea of its appearance than anything I might write. The
+editorial room was a small space partitioned off from the composing
+room, which contained also the little hand-press on which the
+paper was printed. A person who might wish to see the editor was
+forced to pick his way through a line of stands and cases at which
+stood the coatless printers who set the type and prepared the forms
+for the press.
+
+[Portrait: Amor de Cosmos.]
+
+The day was chill and raw. A heavy wind from the south-west stirred
+the waters of the harbor and hurling itself with fury against the
+front of the building made the timbers crack and groan as if in
+paroxysms of pain. A driving rain fell in sheets on the roof and
+drops of water which leaked through the shingles fell on the
+editorial table, swelled into little rivulets, and, leaping to the
+floor, chased each other over the room, making existence therein
+uncomfortably damp. As I wrote away in spite of these obstacles I was
+made aware by a shadow that fell across my table of the presence of
+someone in the doorway. I raised my eyes and there stood a female--a
+rare object in those days, when women and children were as scarce as
+hen's teeth, and were hardly ever met upon the streets, much less in
+an editorial sanctum. I rose to my feet at once, and removing my hat
+awaited results. In the brief space of time that elapsed before the
+lady spoke I took her all in. She was a woman of scarcely forty, I
+thought; of medium height, a brunette, with large coal-black eyes, a
+pretty mouth--a perfect Cupid's bow--and olive-hued cheeks. She was
+richly dressed in bright colors with heavy broad stripes and
+space-encircling hoops after the fashion of the day. When she spoke
+it was in a rich, well-rounded tone--not with the nasal drawl which
+we hear so much when across the line, and which some Victoria
+school-girls and boys seem to delight in imitating in spite of the
+efforts of their teachers. Taken all in all I sized the lady up as a
+very presentable person.
+
+Having explained to her, in response to an inquiry, that the editor
+was ill, she said that she would call again and went away after
+leaving her card. Two days later, on the 24th of December, the lady
+came again.
+
+"Is the editor still ill?" she asked.
+
+"Yes; but he will be here in the course of a day or two."
+
+"Ah! well, that is too bad," she said. "My business is of importance
+and cannot bear delay. But I am told that you will do as well."
+
+I assured the lady that I should be glad to assist her in any way.
+Thanking me, she began:
+
+"My name is Madame Fabre; my husband, who was French, is dead--died
+in California. I am a Russian. In Russia I am a princess. (She paused
+as if to watch the impression her announcement had made.) Here I am a
+mere nobody--only Madame Fabre. I married my husband in France. We
+came to California. We had much money and my husband went into quartz
+mining at Grass Valley. He did not understand the business at all. We
+lost everything. Then he died (and she drew a lace handkerchief from
+her reticule, and pressing it to her eyes sighed deeply). Alas! Yes,
+Emil passed from me and is now, I trust, in heaven. He left me a
+mountain of debts and one son, Bertrand, a good child, as good as
+gold, very thoughtful and obedient. May I call him in? He awaits your
+permission without."
+
+I replied, "Certainly," and stepping to the door she called,
+"Bertrand! Bertrand! my child, come here, and speak to the
+gentleman."
+
+I expected to see a boy of five or six years, wearing curls, in short
+trousers, a beaded jacket and fancy cap, whom I would take on my
+knee, toy with his curls, ask his name and age and give him a
+"bit" with which to stuff his youthful stomach with indigestible
+sweetmeats. Judge my surprise when, preceded by the noise of a heavy
+tread, a huge youth of about seventeen, bigger and taller than
+myself, and smoking a cigar, appeared at the opening, and in a deep,
+gruff voice that a sea captain or a militia commander would have
+envied, asked:
+
+"Did you call, mamma?"
+
+"Yes, my dear child," she sweetly responded; "I wish to introduce you
+to this gentleman."
+
+The "child" removed his hat, and I noticed that his hair was cut
+close to the scalp. Having been duly introduced at my request he sat
+down in my chair while I took a seat on the edge of the editorial
+table, which was very rickety and would scarcely bear my weight at
+the present day.
+
+The parent gazed at her son fondly for a moment and then proceeded:
+
+"Bertrand's fortune was swallowed up in the quartz wreck; but he is
+very sweet and very patient, and never complains. Poor lad! It was
+hard upon him, but he forgives all--do you not, dear?"
+
+"Yes," rumbled the "child" from the pit of his stomach; but the
+expression that flitted across his visage made me think that he would
+rather have said "No," had he dared.
+
+"That being the case I will now explain the object of my visit. As I
+have said, we have lost everything--that is to say, our income is so
+greatly reduced that it is now a matter of not more than $1,000 a
+month. Upon that meagre sum my dear boy and I contrive to get along
+by practising the strictest economy consistent with our position in
+life. Naturally we wish to do better, and then go back to Russia
+and live with the nobility. Do we not, Bertrand?"
+
+"Yes," rumbled the "child" from his stomach again, as he lighted a
+fresh cigar.
+
+"Well, now, Mr. H.," the lady went on, "I want an adviser. I ask
+Pierre Manciot at the French Hotel, and he tells me to see his
+partner, John Sere; and Mr. Sere tells me to go to the editor of the
+_Colonist_. I come here. The editor is ill. I go back to Mr.
+Sere and he says, see D. W. H.; he will set you all right. So I come
+to you to tell you what I want."
+
+She paused for a moment to take a newspaper from her reticule and
+then continued:
+
+"After my husband died and left the debts and this precious child
+(the "child" gazed abstractedly at the ceiling while he blew rings of
+smoke from his mouth) we made a grand discovery. Our foreman, working
+in the mine, strikes rich quartz, covers it up again, and tells no
+one but me. All the shareholders have gone--what you call 'busted,' I
+believe? We get hold of many shares cheap, and now I come here to get
+the rest. An Englishman owns enough shares to give him control--I
+mean that out of two hundred thousand shares I have got ninety-five
+thousand, and the rest this Englishman holds. We have traced him
+through Oregon to this place, and we lose all sign of him here." (Up
+to this moment I had not been particularly interested in the
+narration.) She paused, and laying a neatly-gloved hand on my arm
+proceeded:
+
+"You are a man of affairs."
+
+I modestly intimated that I was nothing of the kind, only a reporter.
+
+"Ah! yes. You cannot deceive me. I see it in your eye, your face,
+your movements. You are a man of large experience and keen
+judgment. Your conversation is charming."
+
+As she had spoken for ten minutes without giving me an opportunity to
+say a word, I could not quite understand how she arrived at an
+estimate of my conversational powers. However, I felt flattered, but
+said nothing.
+
+Pressing my arm with her hand, which gave me a warm feeling in the
+neighborhood of my heart, she went on:
+
+"I come to you as a man of the world. (I made a gesture of dissent,
+but it was very feeble, for I was already caught in the web.) I rely
+upon you. I ask you to help me. Bertrand--poor, dear Bertie--has no
+head for business--he is too young, too confiding--too--too--what you
+English people call simple--no, too good--too noble--he takes after
+my family--to know anything about such affairs--so I come to you."
+
+Was it possible that because I was considered unredeemably bad I was
+selected for this woman's purpose? As I mused, half disposed to get
+angry, I raised my head and my eyes encountered the burning orbs of
+the Madame, gazing full into mine. They seemed to bore like gimlets
+into my very soul. A thrill ran through me like the shock from an
+electric battery, and in an instant I seemed bound hand and foot to
+the fortunes of this strange woman. I felt myself being dragged along
+as the Roman Emperors were wont to draw their captives through the
+streets of their capital. I fluttered for a few seconds like a bird
+in the fowler's net and then I gave up. The contest was too unequal.
+God help me! The eyes had conquered and I lay panting at the feet, as
+it were, of the conqueror. I have only a hazy recollection of what
+passed between us after that; but I call to mind that she asked
+me to insert as an advertisement a paragraph from a Grass Valley
+newspaper to the effect that the mine (the name of which I forget)
+was a failure and that shares could be bought for two cents.
+When she took her leave I promised to call upon her at the hotel.
+When the "child" extended a cold, clammy hand in farewell I felt like
+giving him a kick--he looked so grim and ugly and patronizing. I
+gazed into his eyes sternly and read there deceit, hypocrisy and
+moral degeneration. How I hated him!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The pair had been gone several minutes before I recovered my mental
+balance and awoke to a realization of the fact that I was a young
+fool who had sold himself (perhaps to the devil) for a few empty
+compliments and a peep into the deep well of an artful woman's
+blazing eyes. I was inwardly cursing my stupidity while pacing up and
+down the floor of the "den" when I heard a timid knock at the door.
+In response to my invitation to "come in" a young lady entered. She
+was pretty and about twenty years of age, fair, with dark blue eyes
+and light brown hair. A blush suffused her face as she asked for the
+editor. I returned the usual answer.
+
+"Perhaps you will do for my purpose," she said timidly. "I have here
+a piece of poetry."
+
+I gasped as I thought, "It's an ode on winter. Oh, Lord!"
+
+"A piece of poetry," she continued, "on Britain's Queen. If you will
+read it and find it worthy a place in your paper I shall be glad to
+write more. If it is worth paying for I shall be glad to get
+anything."
+
+Her hand trembled as she produced the paper.
+
+I thanked her and telling her that I would look it over she withdrew.
+I could not help contrasting the first with the last visitor. The one
+had attracted me by her artful and flattering tongue, the skilful use
+of her beautiful eyes and the pressure of her hand on my coat sleeve;
+the other by the modesty of her demeanor. The timid shyness with
+which she presented her poem had caught my fancy. I looked at the
+piece. It was poor, not but what the sentiment was there and the
+ideas were good, but they were not well put. As prose it would have
+been acceptable, but as verse it was impossible and was not worth
+anything.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The next was Christmas Day. It was my first Christmas in Victoria.
+Business was suspended. All the stores were closed. At that time in
+front of every business house there were wooden verandahs or sheds
+that extended from the fronts of the buildings to the outer edges of
+the sidewalks. One might walk along any of the down-town streets and
+be under cover all the way. They were ugly, unsightly constructions
+and I waged constant warfare against them until I joined the
+aldermanic board and secured the passage of an ordinance that
+compelled their removal. Along these verandahs on this particular
+Christmas morning evergreen boughs were placed and the little town
+really presented a very pretty and sylvan appearance. After church I
+went to the office and from the office to the Hotel de France for
+luncheon. The only other guest in the room was a tall, florid-faced
+young man somewhat older than myself. He occupied a table on the
+opposite side of the room. When I gave my order M. Sere remarked,
+"All the regular boarders but you have gone to luncheon and dinner
+with their friends. Why not you?"
+
+"Why," I replied, with a quaver in my voice, "the only families that
+I know are dining with friends of their own, whom I do not know. I
+feel more homesick to-day than ever before in my life and the idea of
+eating my Christmas dinner alone fills me with melancholy thoughts."
+
+The man on the other side of the room must have overheard what I
+said, for he ejaculated:
+
+"There's two of a kind. I'm in a similar fix. I have no friends
+here--at least with whom I can dine. Suppose we double up?"
+
+"What's that?" I asked.
+
+"Why, let us eat our Christmas dinner together and have a good time.
+Here's my card and here's a letter of credit on Mr. Pendergast, Wells
+Fargo's agent, to show that I am not without visible means of
+support."
+
+The card read, "Mr. George Barclay, Grass Valley."
+
+"Why," I said, "you are from Grass Valley. How strange. I saw two
+people yesterday--a lady and her 'child'--who claimed to have come
+from Grass Valley."
+
+"Indeed," he asked; "what are they like?"
+
+"The mother says she is a Russian princess. She calls herself Mme.
+Fabre and says she is a widow. She is very handsome and intelligent
+and"--I added with a shudder--"has the loveliest eyes--they bored me
+through and through."
+
+My new friend faintly smiled and said, "I know them. By and bye, when
+we get better acquainted, I shall tell you all about them. Meantime,
+be on your guard."
+
+After luncheon we walked along Government to Yates Street and then to
+the _Colonist_ shack. And as I placed the key in the lock I saw
+the young lady who had submitted the poetry walking rapidly towards
+us. My companion flushed slightly and raising his hat, extended
+his hand, which the lady accepted with hesitation. They exchanged
+some words and then the lady addressing me asked, "Was my poem
+acceptable?"
+
+"To tell you the truth, Miss--Miss--"
+
+"Forbes," she interjected.
+
+"I have not had time to read it carefully." (As a matter of fact I
+had not bestowed a second thought upon the poem, but was ashamed to
+acknowledge it.)
+
+"When--oh! when can you decide?" she asked with much earnestness.
+
+"To-morrow, I think"--for I fully intended to decline it.
+
+She seemed deeply disappointed. Her lip quivered as she held down her
+head and her form trembled with agitation. I could not understand her
+emotion, but, of course, said nothing to show that I observed it.
+
+"Could you not give me an answer to-day--this afternoon?" the girl
+urged.
+
+"Yes," I said, "as you seem so very anxious, if you will give me your
+address I shall take or send an answer before four o'clock. Where do
+you reside?"
+
+"Do you know Forshay's cottages? They are a long way up Yates Street.
+We occupy No. 4."
+
+Forshay's cottages were a collection of little cabins that had been
+erected on a lot at the corner of Cook and Yates Streets. They have
+long since disappeared. They were of one story and each cottage
+contained three rooms--a kitchen and two other rooms. I could
+scarcely imagine a refined person such as the lady before me
+occupying those miserable quarters; but then, you know, necessity
+knows no law.
+
+The girl thanked me and Barclay accompanied her to the corner of
+Yates Street. He seemed to be trying to induce her to do
+something she did not approve of, for she shook her head with an air
+of determination and resolve and hurried away.
+
+Barclay came back to the office and said: "I am English myself, but
+the silliest creature in the world is an Englishman who, having once
+been well off, finds himself stranded. His pride will not allow him
+to accept favors. I knew that girl's father and mother in Grass
+Valley. The old gentleman lost a fortune at quartz mining. His
+partner, a Mr. Maloney, a Dublin man and graduate of Trinity College,
+having sunk his own and his wife's money in the mine, poisoned his
+wife, three children and himself with strychnine three years ago. By
+the way, I met a Grass Valley man this morning. His name is Robert
+Homfray, a civil engineer. He tells me he is located here
+permanently. He and his brother lost a great deal of money in the
+Grass Valley mines, and we talked over the Maloney tragedy, with the
+circumstances of which he was familiar, but the strangest part of the
+story is that three months ago the property was reopened and the very
+first shot that was fired in the tunnel laid bare a rich vein. Had
+Maloney fired one more charge he would have been rich. As it was he
+died a murderer and a suicide. Poor fellow! In a day or two I will
+tell you more. But let us return to the poetry. What will you do with
+it?"
+
+"I fear I shall have to reject it."
+
+"No, no," he cried. "Accept it! This morning I went to the home of
+the family, which consists of Mr. Forbes, who is crippled with
+rheumatism, his excellent wife, the young lady from whom we have just
+parted and a little boy of seven. They are in actual want. I offered
+to lend them money to buy common necessaries and Forbes rejected
+the offer in language that was insulting. Go immediately to the
+cottage. Tell the girl that you have accepted the poem and give her
+this (handing me a twenty-dollar gold piece) as the appraised value
+of her production. Then return to the Hotel de France and await
+developments."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I repaired to the cottages. The road was long and muddy. There were
+neither sidewalks nor streets and it was a difficult matter to
+navigate the sea of mud that lay between Wharf and Cook Streets. The
+young lady answered my knock. She almost fainted when I told her the
+poem had been accepted and that the fee was twenty dollars. I placed
+the coin in her hand.
+
+"Mamma! Papa!" she cried, and running inside the house I heard her
+say, "My poem has been accepted and the gentleman from the
+_Colonist_ office has brought me twenty dollars."
+
+"Thank God!" I heard a woman's voice exclaim. "I never lost faith,
+for what does Christ say, Ellen, 'Ask and it shall be given you, seek
+and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened.' On this holy
+day--our Saviour's birthday--we have sought and we have found."
+
+This was followed by a sound as of someone crying, and then the girl
+flew back to the door.
+
+"Oh! sir," she said, "I thank you from the bottom of my heart for
+your goodness."
+
+"Not at all," I lied. "You have earned it and you owe me no thanks. I
+shall be glad to receive and pay for any other contributions you may
+send." I did not add, though, that they would not be published,
+although they would be paid for.
+
+A little boy with a troubled face and a pinched look now approached
+the front door. He was neatly but poorly dressed.
+
+"Oh! Nellie, what is the matter?" he asked anxiously.
+
+"Johnnie," answered Nellie. "I have earned twenty dollars, and we
+shall have a Christmas dinner, and you shall have a drum, too." As
+she said this she caught the little fellow in her arms and kissed him
+and pressed his wan cheek against her own.
+
+"Shall we have a turkey, Nellie?" he asked.
+
+"Yes, dear," she said.
+
+"And a plum pudding, too, with nice sauce that burns when you put a
+match to it, and shall I have two helpings?" he asked.
+
+"Yes, and you shall set fire to the sauce and have two helpings,
+Johnnie."
+
+"Won't that be nice," he exclaimed gleefully. "But, Nellie, will papa
+get medicine to make him well again?"
+
+"Yes, Johnnie."
+
+"And mamma--will she get back all the pretty things she sent away to
+pay the rent with?"
+
+"Hush, Johnnie," said the girl with an apologetic look at me.
+
+"And you, Nellie, will you get back your warm cloak that the man with
+a long nose took away?"
+
+"Hush, dear," she said. "Go inside now; I wish to speak to this
+gentleman." She closed the front door and asked me, all the stores
+being closed, how she would be able to get the materials for the
+dinner and to redeem her promise to Johnnie.
+
+"Easily enough," said I. "Order it at the Hotel de France. Shall I
+take down the order?"
+
+"If you will be so kind," she said. "Please order what you think is
+necessary."
+
+"And I--I have a favor to ask of you."
+
+"What is it?" she inquired eagerly.
+
+"That you will permit me to eat my Christmas dinner with you and the
+family. I am a waif and stray, alone in the world. I am almost a
+stranger here. The few acquaintances I have made are dining out and I
+am at the hotel with Mr. Barclay, whom you know and, I hope, esteem."
+
+"Well," she said, "come by all means."
+
+"And may I bring Mr. Barclay with me? He is very lonely and very
+miserable. Just think, that on a day like this he has nowhere to go
+but to an hotel."
+
+She considered a moment before replying; then she said, "No, do not
+bring him--let him come in while we are at dinner, as if by
+accident."
+
+I hastened to the Hotel de France and Sere and Manciot soon had a big
+hamper packed with an abundance of Christmas cheer and on its way
+upon the back of an Indian to the Forbes house.
+
+I followed and received a warm welcome from the father and mother,
+who were superior people and gave every evidence of having seen
+better days. The interior was scrupulously clean, but there was only
+one chair. A small kitchen stove at which the sick man sat was the
+only means of warmth. There were no carpets and, if I was not
+mistaken, the bed coverings were scant. The evidence of extreme
+poverty was everywhere manifest. I never felt meaner in my life, as I
+accepted the blessings that belonged to the other man. Mr. Forbes,
+who was too ill to sit at the table, reclined on a rude lounge near
+the kitchen stove. Just as dinner was being served there came a knock
+at the door. It was opened and there stood Barclay.
+
+"I have come," he said, "to ask you to take me in. I cannot eat
+my dinner alone at the hotel. You have taken my only acquaintance
+(pointing to me) from me, and if Mr. Forbes will forgive my
+indiscretion of this morning I shall be thankful."
+
+"That I will," cried the old gentleman from the kitchen. "Come in and
+let us shake hands and forget our differences."
+
+So Barclay entered and we ate our Christmas dinner in one of the
+bedrooms. It was laid on the kitchen table, upon which a tablecloth,
+sent by the thoughtful hosts at the hotel, was spread. There were
+napkins, a big turkey and claret and champagne, and a real, live,
+polite little Frenchman to carve and wait. Barclay and I sat on the
+bed. Mrs. Forbes had the only chair. Johnnie and his sister occupied
+the hamper. Before eating Mrs. Forbes said grace, in which she again
+quoted the passage from Scripture with which I began this narration.
+Oh! for a catchup meal it was the jolliest I ever sat down to, and I
+enjoyed it, as did all the rest. Little Johnnie got two helpings of
+turkey and two helpings of pudding and then he was allowed to sip a
+little champagne when the toasts to the Queen and the father and
+mother and the young and rising poetess of the family were offered.
+Then Johnnie was toasted and put to bed in Nellie's room. Next it
+came my turn to say a few words in response to a sentiment which the
+old gentleman spoke through the open door from his position in the
+kitchen, and my response abounded in falsehoods about the budding
+genius of the daughter of the household. Then I called Barclay to his
+feet, and he praised me until I felt like getting up and relieving my
+soul of its weight of guilt, but I didn't, for had I done so the
+whole affair would have been spoiled.
+
+Barclay and I reached our quarters at the Hotel de France about
+midnight. We were a pair of thoroughly happy mortals, for had we not,
+after all, "dined out," and had we not had a royal good time on
+Christmas Day, 1860?
+
+The morrow was Boxing Day and none of the offices were opened. I saw
+nothing of the Princess; but I observed Bertie, the sweet "child," as
+he paid frequent visits to the bar and filled himself to the throttle
+with brandy and water and rum and gin and bought and paid for and
+smoked the best cigars at two bits each. As I gazed upon him the
+desire to give him a kicking grew stronger.
+
+By appointment Barclay and I met in a private room at the hotel,
+where he unfolded his plans.
+
+"You must have seen," he began, "that Miss Forbes and I are warm
+friends. Our friendship began six months ago. I proposed to her and
+was accepted subject to the approval of the father. He refused to
+give his consent because, having lost his money, he could not give
+his daughter a dowry. It was in vain I urged that I had sufficient
+for both. He would listen to nothing that involved an acceptance of
+assistance from me, and he left for Vancouver Island to try his
+fortunes here. He fell ill and they have sold or pawned everything of
+value. The girl was not permitted to bid me good-bye when they left
+Grass Valley. After their departure the discovery of which I have
+informed you was made in the Maloney tunnel and as Mr. Forbes has
+held on to a control of the stock in spite of his adversities, he is
+now a rich man. I want to marry the girl. As I told you, I proposed
+when I believed them to be ruined. It is now my duty to acquaint the
+family with their good fortune and renew my suit. I think I ought
+to do it to-day. Surely he will not repel me now when I take that
+news to him, as he did on Christmas morning when I tendered him a
+loan."
+
+I told him I thought he should impart the good news at once and stand
+the consequences. He left me for that purpose. As I walked into the
+dining-room, I saw the dear "child" Bertrand leaning over the bar
+quaffing a glass of absinthe. When he saw me he gulped down the drink
+and said:
+
+"Mamma would like to speak to you--she thought you would have
+called."
+
+I recalled the adventure with the eyes and hesitated. Then I decided
+to go to room 12 on the second flat and see the thing out. A knock on
+the door was responded to by a sweet "Come in." Mme. Fabre was seated
+in an easy chair before a cheerful coal fire.
+
+She arose at once and extended a plump and white hand. As we seated
+ourselves she flashed those burning eyes upon me and said:
+
+"I am so glad you have come! I do want your advice about my mining
+venture. In the first place I may tell you that I have found the man
+who owns the shares. He is here in Victoria with his family. He is
+desperately poor. A hundred dollars if offered would be a great
+temptation. I would give more--five hundred if necessary."
+
+"The property you told me of the other day is valuable, is it not?" I
+asked.
+
+"Yes--that is to say, we think it is. You know that mining is the
+most uncertain of all ventures. You may imagine you are rich one day
+and the next you find yourself broke. It was so with my husband. He
+came home one day and said, 'We are rich'; and the next he said, 'We
+are poor.' This Maloney mine looks well, but who can be sure?
+When I came here I thought that if I found the man with the shares I
+could get them for a song. I may yet, but my dear child tells me that
+he has seen here a man from Grass Valley named Barclay who is a
+friend of that shareholder, and," she added, bitterly, "perhaps he
+has got ahead of me. I must see the man at once and make him an
+offer. What do you think?"
+
+"I think you might as well save yourself further trouble. By this
+time the shareholder has been apprised of his good fortune."
+
+"What!" she exclaimed, springing to her feet and transfixing me with
+her eyes. "Am I, then, too late?"
+
+"Yes," I said, "you are too late. Forbes--that is the man's
+name--knows of his good fortune and I do not believe he would sell
+now at any price."
+
+The woman gazed at me with the concentrated hate of a thousand
+furies. Her great eyes no longer bore an expression of pleading
+tenderness--they seemed to glint and expand and to shoot fierce
+flames from their depths. They no longer charmed, they terrified me!
+How I wished I had left the door open.
+
+"Ah!" she screamed. "I see it all. I have been betrayed--sold out.
+You have broken my confidence."
+
+"I have done nothing of the kind. I have never repeated to a soul
+what you told me."
+
+"Then who could have done it?" she exclaimed, bursting into a fit of
+hysterical tears. "I have come all this way to secure the property
+and now find that I am too late. Shame! shame!"
+
+"I will tell you. Barclay is really here. He knew of the strike as
+soon as you did. He is in love with Miss Forbes and followed the
+family here to tell them the good news. He is with the man at this
+moment."
+
+"Curse him!" she cried through her set teeth.
+
+I left the woman plunged in a state of deep despair. I told her son
+that he should go upstairs and attend to his mother, and proceeded to
+the Forbes cottage. There I found the family in a state of great
+excitement, for Barclay had told them all and already they were
+arranging plans for returning to California and taking steps to
+reopen the property.
+
+Miss Forbes received me with great cordiality and the mother
+announced that the girl and Barclay were engaged to be married, the
+father having given his consent at once. The fond mother added that
+she regretted very much that her daughter would have to abandon her
+literary career which had begun so auspiciously through my discovery
+of her latent talent.
+
+I looked at Barclay before I replied. His face was as blank as a
+piece of white paper. His eyes, however, danced in his head as if he
+enjoyed my predicament.
+
+"Yes," I finally said, "Mr. Barclay has much to be answerable for. I
+shall lose a valued contributor. Perhaps," I ventured, "she will
+still continue to write from California, for she possesses poetical
+talent of a high order."
+
+"I shall gladly do so," cried the young lady, "and without pay, too.
+I shall never forget your goodness."
+
+I heard a low chuckling sound behind me. It was Barclay swallowing a
+laugh.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+They went away in the course of a few days and we corresponded for a
+long time; but Mrs. Barclay never fulfilled her promise to cultivate
+the muse; nor in her several letters did she refer to her poetical
+gift. Perhaps her husband told her of the pious fraud we practised
+upon her on Christmas Day, 1860. But whether he did so or not,
+I have taken the liberty, fifty-three years after the event, of
+exposing the part I took in the deception and craving forgiveness for
+my manifold sins and wickednesses on that occasion.
+
+What became of the Russian princess with the pretty manners, the
+white hands and the enchanting eyes and the sweet "child" Bertie?
+They were back at Grass Valley almost as soon as Forbes and Barclay
+got there, and from my correspondence I learned that they shared in
+the prosperity of the Maloney claim, and that Mme. Fabre and her son
+returned to Russia to live among her noble kin.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+
+EVOLUTION OF THE SONGHEES.
+
+
+I often pass through the Songhees Reserve, and the recent controversy
+respecting the reserve, and the dilapidated state of the former homes
+of the Indians, induce me to recall the reserve as I knew it first,
+when it was swarming with "flatheads," men, women and children. The
+term "flathead" was applied to the Songhees on account of the shape
+of his head, which was pressed flat with a piece of board strapped to
+his forehead while he was in a state of infancy.
+
+In this state of bondage, if I may so term it, the "tenass man"
+(infant) passed his infancy. He was fed, took his sleep, and carried
+on his mother's back by a strap passing around his mother's forehead;
+thus he got his fresh air and exercise.
+
+The mother, in fact all the females, chewed gum. I have always
+credited our American cousins with having originated this beastly
+practice, but now I suppose the credit for the discovery belongs to
+the Songhees, who must have taught our friends, and then gave it up
+themselves. Groups of men may have been seen carving miniature canoes
+with carved Indians paddling in them, also totem poles and bows and
+arrows, while three or four Indians would be at work shaping a
+full-grown canoe which might possibly hold half a dozen Indians. It
+was very interesting watching them at work and many an hour I have
+spent watching them when a boy. The women, while their "papooses"
+were playing about, worked also. Many made fancy articles out of
+tanned deer hide, embroidered with pearl buttons and beads, moccasins
+mostly, and for which there was a good sale. They were worn for
+slippers. I have bought many pairs at fifty cents a pair. The
+blankets they wore were decorated with rows of pearl beads down the
+front, red blankets being the favorite color, as they showed off the
+pearl beads to advantage.
+
+All these articles, as well as many others, such as game, fish and
+potatoes and fruits, wild, were brought to our doors, and at prices
+much below what such things could be bought now--grouse, 35c. to 50c.
+a pair; wild ducks, the same; venison, from 5c. to 8c. a pound by the
+quarter; potatoes, about 1-1/4c. pound; salmon, 10c. each; wild
+strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and bilberries, at about 5c.
+pound. Even "gumstick" for lighting fires was brought to the door at
+10c. a bundle. Their cries as they passed the doors might be heard at
+all hours. "Ah! Culla Culla" (grouse and ducks), "Mowich" (venison),
+"Oolally" (berries), "Sooke Oysters," "Salmon" and "Cowichan
+potatoes." These oysters were small but very nice, and for
+twenty-five cents you would get a bucketful; also the same quantity
+of clams. "Ick quarter" or "King George" quarter (twenty-five cents),
+bought almost anything.
+
+All these cheap foods were a godsend to early residents, and at the
+same time were fresh and wholesome. The men and the young women went
+out washing by the day, from seven to six o'clock, at fifty cents.
+
+[Portrait: Songhees Reserve.]
+
+The one drawback to them was their dishonesty. Small articles of
+clothing, towels and handkerchiefs were easily hidden under their
+clothing, so that a close watch had to be kept, and if suspected,
+they were searched. The chief of the Songhees tribe was
+"King Freezey." He might have been seen parading about town in a
+cast-off naval officer's uniform with cap to match, and he was very
+proud, as befitted such an august personage. When asked his name,
+("ict micaa name") he would reply "Nica name, King Freezey, nica hyas
+tyee." ("My name is King Freezey; I am a great man.") This king of
+Songhees, after imbibing too freely of the ardent, was drowned by the
+capsizing of a canoe in the harbor, and so ended the life of a
+well-known personage.
+
+That he left descendants is evident, as I see their names amongst
+those who got $10,000 each from the sale of the reserve. Compare
+these descendants with their grandparents. The former's native
+ignorance and simplicity, when their wants were simple and few, with
+their grandchildren of to-day, who must have everything their brother
+whites have, to modern houses and furniture, buggies, sewing
+machines, musical instruments, etc., and not forgetting a bank
+account, and last, but not least, post office boxes, and one may well
+wonder at the "evolution of the Songhees." More might be said, but
+for the present this must suffice.
+
+Indian Burying Grounds.
+
+Islands were favorite burying grounds among the Indians, probably
+from the protection the surrounding water furnished against the
+incursions of animals, and coffin islands may be found at different
+points around the coast. In Victoria harbor and the Arm both Coffin
+Island and Deadman's Island were used for this purpose within the
+memory of such old-time residents as Mr. R. T. Williams and Mr. Edgar
+Fawcett. Mr. Williams, whose memory goes back to the fifties,
+when he went to school from a shack on Yates Street opposite the site
+of the present King Edward Hotel, believes Colville Island may also
+have been used for this purpose as well, but distinctly remembers the
+trees and scrub on Deadman's Island and the fire on it described in
+the following account, which is kindly furnished by Mr. Fawcett. Mr.
+Fawcett writes:
+
+"Like the Egyptians of old, the Indians of this country had
+professional mourners, that is, they acted as they did in Bible days.
+The mourners, usually friends or members of the same tribe, assembled
+as soon as the death was announced, and either inside or outside the
+house they (mostly women, and old women at that) kept up a monotonous
+howl for hours, others taking their places when they got tired. In
+the early sixties an execution of four young Indians took place on
+Bastion Square for a murder committed on the West Coast. All day and
+night before the execution took place the women of the tribe squatted
+on the ground in front of the jail, keeping up the monotonous howl or
+chant, even up to the time the hangman completed his task. After
+hanging the prescribed time, the murderers were cut down and handed
+to their friends, who took them away in their canoes for burial. In
+the earliest days, I don't think they used the regular coffin; the
+common practice was to use boxes, and especially trunks. Of course
+for a man or woman a trunk would be a problem to an undertaker, but
+the Indian solved the problem easily, as they doubled the body up and
+made it fit the trunk. For larger bodies a box was made of plank, but
+I do not remember seeing one made the regulation length of six feet,
+even for an adult, as they always doubled the knees under. A popular
+coffin for small people was one of Sam Nesbitt's cracker boxes. He
+was a well-known manufacturer of soda crackers and pilot bread, whose
+place of business will be remembered by many old-timers at the corner
+of Yates and Broad Streets.
+
+"The Indians rarely dug graves for their dead, but hoisted them up in
+trees, tying them to the branches, or merely laid them on the ground,
+and piled them up on top of one another. In time they fell into the
+customs of their white brothers, and got coffins made by the
+undertaker, and many a time I have seen Indians carrying coffins
+along Government Street, down to the foot of Johnson, for their
+reserve."--E. F.
+
+In 1861 Mr. Fawcett with four companions, all school-boys at the
+time, were bathing on Deadman's Island, and had lit a fire to warm
+themselves. Broken coffins were lying about, and piles of box coffins
+and trunks; these were set fire to, and the boys promptly made off to
+escape the wrath of the Indians, who, in those days, were numbered by
+hundreds. They made good their escape, and the whole island was swept
+by the flames--trees, scrub and coffins being burnt up. Since that
+time the island has remained in its present condition.
+
+The Indians on the Songhees Reserve, also, Mr. Fawcett says, buried
+at two points on the reserve, but when the smallpox worked such havoc
+among them, the authorities insisted on the bodies being buried in
+soil, and when the removal of the Indians was accomplished a special
+amount was allotted to provide for the removal of the bodies
+elsewhere.--Editor.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLI.
+
+VICTORIA THE NEW AND THE OLD.
+
+
+I have been asked to tell of some of the changes that have taken
+place since Victoria, the fairest city of the West, commenced her
+career, viz., in 1858. I have produced several photos that explain a
+good deal without my help, but they may require explanation. As my
+endeavor shall be to give our visiting friends of the Methodist
+Church an insight into some of the changes in fifty years, I shall in
+the small space of time allowed me confine myself to events connected
+with the early history of the Methodist Church in Victoria, as I know
+them. Although not a member of their body I have claimed many of the
+founders of the church as my most intimate friends. There were Thomas
+Trounce and Mrs. Trounce, Edwin Donald and Mrs. Donald, Sheriff
+McMillan and Mrs. McMillan, Jonathan Bullen and Mrs. Bullen and
+Father McKay (as he was called by his friends in the church), and
+Mrs. J. W. Williams and Mrs. Lawrance Goodacre.
+
+Of the pioneer clergy I well remember Dr. Robson, Dr. Ephraim Evans,
+Rev. Mr. Pollard and Rev. Mr. Derrick. Of these I best remember Dr.
+Evans, as having been here so many years with his wife, daughter and
+son. It will be remembered by old timers the sad story of his son's
+death by drowning which I will in a few words relate. He was very
+fond of gunning, and one afternoon in December he went off with
+his gun to shoot duck from the beach off Beacon Hill, which was the
+common practice in those days. Having shot one or two and not being
+able to get them any other way, he stripped off his clothes and swam
+out after them. This was a very bold thing to do, as the water is so
+cold there, and especially in December. It is supposed he got the
+cramps or got caught in the seaweeds where the ducks were shot from,
+and so was drowned. Not coming home at his usual time, search was
+made, and having been seen going to Beacon Hill, it was there the
+searchers found his clothes and gun on the beach that evening. The
+poor father seemed heart-broken, for he would not leave the spot, but
+walked up and down all night calling "Edwin! Edwin, my son!" In the
+morning they recovered the body under the seaweed. Great sympathy was
+felt for the parents, and I well remember the funeral on a snowy day,
+and the unusual number of friends who attended the funeral in the
+old Quadra Street Cemetery. The granite monument is still to be
+seen there.
+
+[Illustration: Bastion at S.W. corner of Fort.]
+
+In the view of Government Street in the early sixties here produced,
+may be seen marked with a X Theatre Royal. In this building, which
+then was used for theatrical productions, concerts and lectures, I
+heard the Rev. Morley Punshon, then president of the Wesleyan
+Conference, I think. He lectured on Macaulay, and was reciting from
+"Lays of Ancient Rome" when the fire bells rang, and in less than
+five minutes there were only a score or so left of his audience. He
+stopped an instant, proceeded, but finally stopped for good, saying
+that it was the first time he had ever had to stop one of his
+lectures for a fire. But when he was told that it might have
+been the home of any one of his audience and that it was the custom
+for citizens generally to assist the firemen (who themselves were
+volunteers), he continued his lecture to the end, and very
+interesting it was.
+
+The first Methodist services were held in Judge Pemberton's police
+court room on Bastion Square until the church on lower Pandora Street
+was finished. This church was built on the corner of Broad and
+Pandora on land given by Governor Douglas, and was considered just
+outside the city (1859), the tall pine trees being much in evidence a
+couple of blocks away. In order to get to the church you had to pass
+over a gully with water at the bottom; a sort of trestle sidewalk on
+stilts was afterward constructed until the gully was filled in. At
+this date the Methodists had the most pretentious church in the city.
+The basement was used for Sunday School, prayer meetings and
+lectures. I must not forget the tea meetings which were given in
+those days. They were presided over by prominent ladies of the
+congregation--Mrs. Trounce, Mrs. Donald, Mrs. Bullen, Mrs. McMillan,
+Mrs. Spencer and Mrs. N. Shakespeare--and the admission to these "tea
+fights," as they were termed generally, was $1.50, and well
+patronized they were at that price. I attended many, and I think I
+can see now the tables spread with good things, and those sitting at
+them, nearly all of whom have passed away. We were early birds in
+those days. Entertainments commenced at six o'clock and all over at
+ten. By the large view of Government Street in 1858 it will be seen
+how it has progressed. It was not metalled until 1859, and nearly all
+the buildings were frame. The first brick is now to be seen on
+the corner of Courtney Street, the "Windsor Hotel." Where the
+Empress Hotel now stands, and all the land to the south and east, was
+the upper part of James Bay, and mudflats, and at times not very
+savory. It was not until late in 1858, or 1859, that a bridge
+connected the north and south sides of James Bay, people having to
+walk around the bay eastwards. The population of James Bay District
+was very sparse. Trails instead of streets ran in all directions.
+Belleville Street, that is now so thronged with passengers to and
+from the C.P.R. steamers every day, was not then in existence, for
+the beach reached to the trees in the front of the Parliament
+Buildings. Where the new Pemberton block now stands, down to the
+corner of Government Street, was an orchard and vegetable garden.
+Across the street where the Five Sisters Block stands was a vacant
+lot with a log hut in the rear where the Hudson's Bay Company baked
+bread for the citizens, four-pound loaves being twenty-five cents,
+and very good it was. From Mr. Harry Glide, who arrived in Victoria
+in 1856, and has lived near the Outer Wharf for fifty-four years, I
+have learned much of the condition of things previous to the inrush
+from California in 1858-1859. He says all James Bay District was
+covered with fir trees and all the land from the mouth of the harbor
+along Dallas Road to Beacon Hill was "Beckly Farm." He says there
+were quite a number of Cherokee Indians here, who came from their
+native place to the coast of British Columbia for work; most of them
+were over six feet and strongly built. It seems strange that they
+should have travelled so far from their homes for work. There were
+also many Kanakas here who came on vessels from Honolulu at
+odd times. They formed a small colony and located on Humboldt Street,
+then called Kanaka Row. I can remember them in 1859, one family
+attending Christ Church regularly. There are many buried in Old
+Quadra Street Cemetery. The first sheets of the _Colonist_ were
+printed on the Hudson's Bay Company's wharf in a large shed or
+warehouse, and later on the paper moved to Wharf Street to about
+where the Macdonald Block now stands. This was fifty-two years ago,
+and our visiting friends can draw a comparison with what it then was,
+a small double sheet, to its Sunday issue of to-day, with its many
+illustrations. For the information of our visiting friends I might
+say that the Hudson's Bay Fort shown in the view of "Government
+Street in 1858," enclosed the two blocks running south from the
+corner of Bastion (the brass plate on the corner will show this) to
+the corner of Courtney and westwards to Wharf Street. In this fort
+all hands took shelter at night at the date of its erection. In 1858
+and for years later, the fort bell rang at six o'clock in the
+morning, when the gates at the east and west ends were opened, and at
+six o'clock in the evening they were closed. There were two large
+general stores, and many storehouses and barns inside, and at the
+stores you could buy anything from a needle to an anchor, from a
+gallon of molasses to the silk for a dress. I might say a deal more,
+but it might not interest those for whom this sketch is written. As
+it is, there are many repetitions of what I have already written in
+the _Colonist_ and _Times_ during the last six years.
+
+The Metropolitan Methodist Church.
+
+To-day, February 13th, the Metropolitan Methodist Church celebrates
+the fifty-third anniversary of its foundation as a congregation. It
+was exactly fifty-three years ago yesterday that the first Methodist
+missionaries, sent out by the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Canada,
+then part of the English Wesleyan conference, landed in Victoria.
+They were Rev. Dr. Ephraim Evans, his wife and family; Rev. Arthur
+Browning, Rev. Ebenezer Robson and Rev. Edward White, who also
+brought his family, one of his little sons being Rev. Dr. White,
+to-day Superintendent of Methodist Missions in this province. Rev.
+Dr. Robson was married shortly after his arrival. Of the gallant
+little party who faced the hardships of the then comparatively little
+known West with such tranquility and courage, all have now passed to
+their rest, Dr. Robson, the last survivor, dying less than a year ago
+in Vancouver.
+
+The missionaries were received by Mr. John T. Pidwell, father-in-law
+of Mr. D. W. Higgins, and entertained in his home until they could
+secure permanent quarters. The following Sunday, February 13, service
+was held for the first time in the courthouse, and Rev. Dr. Robson
+subsequently went on to Nanaimo, where he found Cornelius Bryant, a
+young schoolmaster, who enjoyed the distinction of being the first
+member of the Methodist Church to set foot in British Columbia. He
+afterwards entered the Methodist ministry and died a few years ago.
+Rev. Edward White was quartered in New Westminster, where he
+established Methodism, and Rev. Mr. Browning, after acting as
+evangelist at different coast points, became the pioneer Methodist
+missionary in the Cariboo country.
+
+[Illustration: First Methodist Church.]
+
+Laying Corner-Stone.
+
+During the following August the corner-stone of the first Methodist
+church in Victoria was laid. The building was situated at the corner
+of Broad and Pandora Streets, and was afterwards known as the Pandora
+Street Methodist Church. The stone was laid by Governor Douglas, and
+the building was dedicated the following May. Its usefulness was
+considerably lessened, however, by the building of the Metropolitan
+Methodist Church in 1890, which claims the honor of being the mother
+church of Methodism in the province, as, though the Pandora Street
+edifice was built first, it was not used for church purposes alone.
+The first pastor of the Metropolitan Church congregation was Dr.
+Evans, who was assisted by Rev. Dr. Robson, Rev. Arthur Browning and
+Rev. D. V. Lucas and Rev. Coverdale Watson (whose widow is now living
+in Vancouver), who acted as pastor for two separate terms.
+
+Of the pioneers of Methodism, the following families were prominent
+and whom I counted among my friends: The Trounces and Donalds we had
+known in California; Sheriff McMillan and family, Captain McCulloch,
+Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Bone, Mr. and Mrs. Humber, Mr. and Mrs. Norris,
+Alderman Kinsman, and Father McKay, as he was affectionately termed
+by his intimate friends. All these have gone to their rest. Of those
+who are still with us, hale and hearty, are Mrs. Bullen, Mrs. Capt.
+McCulloch, Mr. and Mrs. David Spencer, Mr. and Mrs. N. Shakespeare,
+Mrs. Carne, Mrs. Branch, Mr. and Mrs. Pendray, Mrs. John Kinsman,
+Isaac Walsh, and others I cannot remember. I have attended many tea
+meetings held in the basement of the old church, presided over by
+these pioneer ladies.
+
+
+Transcriber's notes.
+
+For this digital transcription, illustrations have been repositioned
+and page numbers in the table of illustrations have been omitted.
+
+Minor punctuation errors have been emended without notice.
+
+Corrections to original printed text:
+
+ Page  Original        Correction
+
+    7  Recolections    Recollections
+   39  Johnston Street Johnson Street
+   79  1558.           1858.
+  108  Pfizenmeyer     Pfitzenmayer
+  180  abroad          aboard
+  256  peacable        peaceable
+  291  Courtenay       Courtney
+  292  Courtenay       Courtney
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Some Reminiscences of old Victoria, by 
+Edgar Fawcett
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