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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Bradford's History of 'Plimoth Plantation',
+by William Bradford
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Bradford's History of 'Plimoth Plantation'
+       From the Original Manuscript. With a Report of the Proceedings Incident to the Return of the Manuscript to Massachusetts
+
+
+Author: William Bradford
+
+
+
+Release Date: March 29, 2008  [eBook #24950]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRADFORD'S HISTORY OF 'PLIMOTH
+PLANTATION'***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Leonard Johnson, and the Project
+Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 24950-h.htm or 24950-h.zip:
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/9/5/24950/24950-h/24950-h.htm)
+      or
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/9/5/24950/24950-h.zip)
+
+
+Transcribers note:
+
+      Numbers in square brackets, [29], represent original manuscript
+      pages.
+
+      Letters in Square brackets, [AB], represent a link to a footnote
+      located at the end of the book.
+
+      A caret ^ indicates that the following letter/s are
+      superscripted. The letters are enclosed in curly brackets where
+      it may not be clear about which letters are superscripted.
+
+      A square bracket, like [~m] indicates a letter with a tilde
+      above.
+
+      A square bracket, like [p=] indicates a letter with a macron
+      under the letter.
+
+      [=m] and [=n] sometimes are used to represent a double letter.
+
+      16^li. represents 16 pounds in monetary terms. The original
+      manuscript used a middle dot before and after the numbers, but
+      this publisher used only a single period/stop after the number.
+
+      The 'li' appears to mean libra and in this book the 'l' is
+      crossed with a middle bar or stroke. It was very difficult to
+      represent in a Latin-1 text, so 'li' must suffice.
+
+      Most often y, such as y^e, represents a thorn and the word is
+      'the'. Sometimes you will encounter the actual word 'the'.
+
+      This book is composed of many letters written by a number
+      of authors and each writer uses their own spellings and
+      abbreviations, which was common for the time in which they
+      were written.
+
+      Spelling is inconsistent and is left unchanged from the original
+      printing of this book.
+
+
+
+
+
+BRADFORD'S HISTORY
+"OF PLIMOTH PLANTATION."
+
+From the Original Manuscript.
+
+With a Report of the Proceedings Incident
+to the Return of the Manuscript
+to Massachusetts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Printed Under the Direction of the Secretary of the
+Commonwealth,
+by Order of the General Court.
+
+Boston:
+Wright & Potter Printing Co., State Printers,
+18 Post Office Square.
+1898.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+To many people the return of the Bradford Manuscript is a fresh
+discovery of colonial history. By very many it has been called,
+incorrectly, the log of the "Mayflower." Indeed, that is the title by
+which it is described in the decree of the Consistorial Court of London.
+The fact is, however, that Governor Bradford undertook its preparation
+long after the arrival of the Pilgrims, and it cannot be properly
+considered as in any sense a log or daily journal of the voyage of the
+"Mayflower." It is, in point of fact, a history of the Plymouth Colony,
+chiefly in the form of annals, extending from the inception of the
+colony down to the year 1647. The matter has been in print since 1856,
+put forth through the public spirit of the Massachusetts Historical
+Society, which secured a transcript of the document from London, and
+printed it in the society's proceedings of the above-named year. As thus
+presented, it had copious notes, prepared with great care by the late
+Charles Deane; but these are not given in the present volume, wherein
+only such comments as seem indispensable to a proper understanding of
+the story have been made, leaving whatever elaboration may seem
+desirable to some future private enterprise.
+
+It is a matter of regret that no picture of Governor Bradford exists.
+Only Edward Winslow of the Mayflower Company left an authenticated
+portrait of himself, and that, painted in England, is reproduced in this
+volume. In those early days Plymouth would have been a poor field for
+portrait painters. The people were struggling for their daily bread
+rather than for to-morrow's fame through the transmission of their
+features to posterity.
+
+The volume of the original manuscript, as it was presented to the
+Governor of the Commonwealth and is now deposited in the State Library,
+is a folio measuring eleven and one-half inches in length, seven and
+seven-eighths inches in width and one and one-half inches in thickness.
+It is bound in parchment, once white, but now grimy and much the worse
+for wear, being somewhat cracked and considerably scaled. Much
+scribbling, evidently by the Bradford family, is to be seen upon its
+surface, and out of the confusion may be read the name of Mercy
+Bradford, a daughter of the governor. On the inside of the front cover
+is pasted a sheet of manilla paper, on which is written the following:--
+
+
+  "_Consistory Court of the Diocese of London_
+
+  In the matter of the application of The Honorable Thomas Francis
+  Bayard, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in London of the
+  United States of America, for the delivery to him, on behalf of the
+  President and Citizens of the said States, of the original manuscript
+  book entitled and known as The Log of the Mayflower.
+
+  Produced in Court this 25th day of March, 1897, and marked with the
+  letter A.
+
+  HARRY W. LEE
+  Registrar.
+  1 Deans Court
+  Doctors Commons"
+
+Then come two manilla leaves, on both sides of which is written the
+decree of the Consistorial Court. These leaves and the manilla sheet
+pasted on the inside of the front cover were evidently inserted after
+the decree was passed.
+
+Next comes a leaf (apparently the original first leaf of the book), and
+on it are verses, signed "A. M.," on the death of Mrs. Bradford. The
+next is evidently one of the leaves of the original book. At the top of
+the page is written the following:--
+
+  This book was rit by govener William bradford and given to his son
+  mager William Bradford and by him to his son mager John Bradford. rit
+  by me Samuel bradford mach 20, 1705.
+
+At the bottom of the same page the name John Bradford appears in
+different handwriting, evidently written with the book turned wrong side
+up.
+
+The next is a leaf bearing the following, in the handwriting of Thomas
+Prince:--
+
+  TUESDAY, June 4--1728
+
+  Calling at _Major John Bradford's_ at Kingston near Plimouth, son of
+  Major Wm. Bradford formerly Dep Gov'r of Plimouth Colony, who was
+  eldest son of Wm. Bradford Esq their 2nd Gov'r, & author of this
+  History; ye sd Major John Bradford gave me _several manuscript
+  octavoes_ wh he assured me were written with his said Grandfather
+  Gov'r Bradford's own hand. He also gave me a _little Pencil Book_
+  wrote with a Blew lead Pencil by his sd Father ye Dep Gov'r. And He
+  also told me yt He had lent & only lent his sd Grandfather Gov'r
+  Bradford's History of Plimouth Colony wrote by his own Hand also, to
+  judg Sewall; and desired me to get it of Him or find it out, & take
+  out of it what I thought proper for my New-England Chronology: wh I
+  accordingly obtained, and This is ye sd History: wh I found wrote in
+  ye same Handwriting as ye Octavo manuscripts above sd.
+
+  THOMAS PRINCE.
+
+  N.B. I also mentioned to him my Desire of lodging this History in ye
+  New England Library of Prints & manuscripts, wh I had been then
+  collecting for 23 years, to wh He signified his willingness--only yt
+  He might have the Perusal of it while He lived.
+
+  T. PRINCE.
+
+Following this, on the same page, is Thomas Prince's printed book-mark,
+as follows:--
+
+  This Book belongs to
+  The New-England-Library,
+  Begun to be collected by Thomas Prince, upon
+  his entring Harvard-College, July 6
+  1703; and was given by
+
+On the lower part of a blank space which follows the word "by" is
+written:--
+
+_It now belongs to the Bishop of London's Library at Fulham._
+
+There are evidences that this leaf did not belong to the original book,
+but was inserted by Mr. Prince.
+
+At the top of the first page of the next leaf, which was evidently one
+of the original leaves of the book, is written in Samuel Bradford's
+hand, "march 20 Samuel Bradford;" and just below there appears, in
+Thomas Prince's handwriting, the following:--
+
+  But major Bradford tells me & assures me that He only lent this Book
+  of his Grandfather's to Mr. Sewall & that it being of his
+  Grandfather's own hand writing He had so high a value of it that he
+  would never Part with ye Property, but would lend it to me & desired
+  me to get it, which I did, & write down this that sd Major Bradford
+  and his Heirs may be known to be the right owners.
+
+Below this, also in Thomas Prince's handwriting, appears this line:--
+
+"Page 243 missing when ye Book came into my Hands at 1st."
+
+Just above the inscription by Prince there is a line or two of writing,
+marked over in ink so carefully as to be wholly undecipherable. On the
+reverse page of this leaf and on the first page of the next are written
+Hebrew words, with definitions. These are all in Governor Bradford's
+handwriting. On the next page appears the following:--
+
+  _Though I am  growne  aged, yet I have had a long-
+   ing desire, to see with  my own eyes, something of
+    that  most ancient language,  and  holy  tongue,
+     in which  the Law, and  oracles  of  God  were
+      write; and in which God, and angels, spake to
+       the holy patriarks, of old time; and what
+        names were  given  to things,  from the
+         creation. And though I cañot attaine
+          to much herein, yet I am refreshed,
+           to have seen some glimpse  here-
+            of; (as  Moses   saw  the Land
+             of canan afarr of)  my aime
+              and desire is, to see how
+               the words, and  phrases
+                lye in the holy texte;
+                 and to dicerne some-
+                  what of the  same
+                   for   my   owne
+                      contente._
+                       -------
+                        -----
+                         ---
+                          J
+
+Then begins the history proper, the first page of which is produced in
+facsimile in this volume, slightly reduced. The ruled margins end with
+page thirteen. From that page to the end of the book the writing varies
+considerably, sometimes being quite coarse and in other places very
+fine, some pages containing nearly a thousand words each. As a rule, the
+writing is upon one side of the sheet only, but in entering notes and
+subsequent thoughts the reverse is sometimes used. The last page number
+is 270, as appears from the facsimile reproduction in this volume of
+that page. Page 270 is followed by two blank leaves; then on the second
+page of the next leaf appears the list of names of those who came over
+in the "Mayflower," covering four pages and one column on the fifth
+page. The arrangement of this matter is shown by the facsimile
+reproduction in this volume of the first page of these names. Last of
+all there is a leaf of heavy double paper, like the one in the front of
+the book containing the verses on the death of Mrs. Bradford, and on
+this last leaf is written an index to a few portions of the history.
+
+For copy, there was used the edition printed in 1856 by the
+Massachusetts Historical Society. The proof was carefully compared, word
+for word, with the photographic _facsimile_ issued in 1896 in both
+London and Boston. The value of this comparison is evident in that a
+total of sixteen lines of the original, omitted in the original first
+copy, is supplied in this edition. As the work of the Historical Society
+could not be compared, easily, with the original manuscript in London,
+these omissions, with sundry minor errors in word and numeral, are not
+unreasonable. The curious will be pleased to learn that the supplied
+lines are from the following pages of the manuscript, viz.: page 122,
+eight lines; page 129, two lines; the obverse of page 201, found on the
+last page of Appendix A, two lines; page 219, two lines; pages 239 and
+258, one line each. The pages of the manuscript are indicated in these
+printed pages by numerals in parentheses.
+
+There are several errors in the paging of the original manuscript. Pages
+105 and 106 are marked 145 and 146, and pages 219 and 220 are marked 119
+and 120, respectively. Page 243 is missing.
+
+Such as it is, the book is put forth that the public may know what
+manner of men the Pilgrims were, through what perils and vicissitudes
+they passed, and how much we of to-day owe to their devotion and
+determination.
+
+
+
+
+PROCEEDINGS
+
+OF THE
+
+LEGISLATURE.
+
+
+JOURNAL OF THE SENATE.
+
+MONDAY, MAY 24, 1897.
+
+The following message from His Excellency the Governor came up from the
+House, to wit:--
+
+  BOSTON, May 22, 1897.
+
+  _To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives._
+
+  I have the honor to call to your attention the fact that Wednesday,
+  May 26, at 11 A.M., has been fixed as the date of the formal
+  presentation to the Governor of the Commonwealth of the Bradford
+  Manuscript History, recently ordered by decree of the Consistory Court
+  of the Diocese of London to be returned to the Commonwealth of
+  Massachusetts by the hands of the Honorable Thomas F. Bayard, lately
+  Ambassador at the Court of St. James; and to suggest for the favorable
+  consideration of your honorable bodies that the exercises of
+  presentation be held in the House of Representatives on the day and
+  hour above given, in the presence of a joint convention of the two
+  bodies and of invited guests and the public.
+
+  ROGER WOLCOTT.
+
+Thereupon, on motion of Mr. Roe,--
+
+_Ordered_, That, in accordance with the suggestion of His Excellency the
+Governor, a joint convention of the two branches be held in the chamber
+of the House of Representatives, on Wednesday, May the twenty-sixth, at
+eleven o'clock A.M., for the purpose of witnessing the exercises of the
+formal presentation, to the Governor of the Commonwealth, of the
+Bradford Manuscript History, recently ordered by decree of the
+Consistory Court of the Diocese of London to be returned to the
+Commonwealth of Massachusetts by the hands of the Honorable Thomas F.
+Bayard, lately Ambassador at the Court of St. James; and further
+
+_Ordered_, That the clerks of the two branches give notice to His
+Excellency the Governor of the adoption of this order.
+
+Sent down for concurrence. (It was concurred with same date.)
+
+
+
+
+JOURNAL OF THE SENATE.
+
+WEDNESDAY, MAY 26, 1897.
+
+_Joint Convention._
+
+At eleven o'clock A.M., pursuant to assignment, the two branches met in
+
+CONVENTION
+
+in the chamber of the House of Representatives.
+
+On motion of Mr. Roe,--
+
+_Ordered_, That a committee, to consist of three members of the Senate
+and eight members of the House of Representatives, be appointed, to wait
+upon His Excellency the Governor and inform him that the two branches
+are now in convention for the purpose of witnessing the exercises of the
+formal presentation, to the Governor of the Commonwealth, of the
+Bradford Manuscript History.
+
+Messrs. Roe, Woodward and Gallivan, of the Senate, and Messrs. Pierce of
+Milton, Bailey of Plymouth, Brown of Gloucester, Fairbank of Warren,
+Bailey of Newbury, Sanderson of Lynn, Whittlesey of Pittsfield and
+Bartlett of Boston, of the House, were appointed the committee.
+
+Mr. Roe, from the committee, afterwards reported that they had attended
+to the duty assigned them, and that His Excellency the Governor had been
+pleased to say that he received the message and should be pleased to
+wait upon the Convention forthwith for the purpose named.
+
+His Excellency the Governor, accompanied by His Honor the
+Lieutenant-Governor and the Honorable Council, and by the Honorable
+Thomas F. Bayard, lately Ambassador of the United States at the Court of
+St. James's, the Honorable George F. Hoar, Senator from Massachusetts in
+the Congress of the United States, and other invited guests, entered the
+chamber.
+
+The decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London,
+authorizing the return of the manuscript and its delivery to the
+Governor, was read.
+
+The President then presented the Honorable George F. Hoar, who gave an
+account of the manuscript and of the many efforts that had been made to
+secure its return.
+
+The Honorable Thomas F. Bayard was then introduced by the President, and
+he formally presented the manuscript to His Excellency the Governor, who
+accepted it in behalf of the Commonwealth.
+
+On motion of Mr. Bradford, the following order was adopted:--
+
+_Whereas_, In the presence of the Senate and of the House of
+Representatives in joint convention assembled, and in accordance with a
+decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, the manuscript
+of Bradford's "History of the Plimouth Plantation" has this day been
+delivered to His Excellency the Governor of the Commonwealth by the
+Honorable Thomas F. Bayard, lately Ambassador of the United States at
+the Court of St. James's; and
+
+_Whereas_, His Excellency the Governor has accepted the said manuscript
+in behalf of the Commonwealth; therefore, be it
+
+_Ordered_, That the Senate and the House of Representatives of the
+Commonwealth of Massachusetts place on record their high appreciation of
+the generous and gracious courtesy that prompted this act of
+international good-will, and express their grateful thanks to all
+concerned therein, and especially to the Lord Bishop of London, for the
+return to the Commonwealth of this precious relic; and be it further
+
+_Ordered_, That His Excellency the Governor be requested to transmit an
+engrossed and duly authenticated copy of this order with its preamble to
+the Lord Bishop of London.
+
+His Excellency, accompanied by the other dignitaries, then withdrew, the
+Convention was dissolved, and the Senate returned to its chamber.
+
+Subsequently a resolve was passed (approved June 10, 1897) providing
+for the publication of the history from the original manuscript,
+together with a report of the proceedings of the joint convention, such
+report to be prepared by a committee consisting of one member of the
+Senate and two members of the House of Representatives, and to include,
+so far as practicable, portraits of His Excellency Governor Roger
+Wolcott, William Bradford, the Honorable George F. Hoar, the Honorable
+Thomas F. Bayard, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Lord Bishop of
+London; facsimiles of pages from the manuscript history, and a picture
+of the book itself; copies of the decree of the Consistorial and
+Episcopal Court of London, the receipt of the Honorable Thomas F. Bayard
+for the manuscript, and the receipt sent by His Excellency the Governor
+to the Consistorial and Episcopal Court; an account of the legislative
+action taken with reference to the presentation and reception of the
+manuscript; the addresses of the Honorable George F. Hoar, the Honorable
+Thomas F. Bayard and His Excellency Governor Roger Wolcott; and such
+other papers and illustrations as the committee might deem advisable;
+the whole to be printed under the direction of the Secretary of the
+Commonwealth, and the book distributed by him according to directions
+contained in the resolve.
+
+Senator Alfred S. Roe of Worcester and Representatives Francis C. Lowell
+of Boston and Walter L. Bouvé of Hingham were appointed as the
+committee.
+
+
+
+
+DECREE
+
+OF THE
+
+CONSISTORIAL AND EPISCOPAL
+
+COURT OF LONDON.
+
+
+DECREE.
+
+MANDELL by Divine Permission LORD BISHOP OF LONDON--To The Honorable
+THOMAS FRANCIS BAYARD Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to
+Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria at the Court of Saint James's
+in London and To The Governor and Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the
+United States of America Greeting--WHEREAS a Petition has been filed in
+the Registry of Our Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London by you
+the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard as Ambassador Extraordinary and
+Plenipotentiary to Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria at the Court
+of Saint James's in London on behalf of the President and Citizens of
+the United States of America wherein you have alleged that there is in
+Our Custody as Lord Bishop of London a certain Manuscript Book known as
+and entitled "The Log of the Mayflower" containing an account as
+narrated by Captain William Bradford who was one of the Company of
+Englishmen who left England in April 1620 in the ship known as "The
+Mayflower" of the circumstances leading to the prior Settlement of that
+Company at Leyden in Holland their return to England and subsequent
+departure for New England their landing at Cape Cod in December 1620
+their Settlement at New Plymouth and their later history for several
+years they being the Company whose Settlement in America is regarded as
+the first real Colonisation of the New England States and wherein you
+have also alleged that the said Manuscript Book had been for many years
+past and was then deposited in the Library attached to Our Episcopal
+Palace at Fulham in the County of Middlesex and is of the greatest
+interest importance and value to the Citizens of the United States of
+America inasmuch as it is one of the earliest records of their national
+History and contains much valuable information in regard to the original
+Settlers in the States their family history and antecedents and that
+therefore you earnestly desired to acquire possession of the same for
+and on behalf of the President and Citizens of the said United States of
+America AND WHEREIN you have also alleged that you are informed that We
+as Lord Bishop of London had fully recognised the value and interest of
+the said Manuscript Book to the Citizens of the United States of America
+and the claims which they have to its possession and that We were
+desirous of transferring it to the said President and Citizens AND
+WHEREIN you have also alleged that you are advised and believe that the
+Custody of documents in the nature of public or ecclesiastical records
+belonging to the See of London is vested in the Consistorial Court of
+the said See and that any disposal thereof must be authorised by an
+Order issued by the Judge of that Honorable Court And that you therefore
+humbly prayed that the said Honorable Court would deliver to you the
+said Manuscript Book on your undertaking to use every means in your
+power for the safe transmission of the said Book to the United States of
+America and its secure deposit and custody in the Pilgrim Hall at New
+Plymouth or in such other place as may be selected by the President and
+Senate of the said United States and upon such conditions as to security
+and access by and on behalf of the English Nation as that Honorable
+Court might determine AND WHEREAS the said Petition was set down for
+hearing on one of the Court days in Hilary Term to wit Thursday the
+Twenty fifth day of March One thousand eight hundred and ninety seven in
+Our Consistorial Court in the Cathedral Church of Saint Paul in London
+before The Right Worshipful Thomas Hutchinson Tristram Doctor of Laws
+and one of Her Majesty's Counsel learned in the Law Our Vicar General
+and Official Principal the Judge of the said Court and you at the
+sitting of the said Court appeared by Counsel in support of the Prayer
+of the said Petition and during the hearing thereof the said Manuscript
+Book was produced in the said Court by Our legal Secretary and was then
+inspected and examined by the said Judge and evidence was also given
+before the Court by which it appeared that the Registry at Fulham Palace
+was a Public Registry for Historical and Ecclesiastical Documents
+relating to the Diocese of London and to the Colonial and other
+possessions of Great Britain beyond the Seas so long as the same
+remained by custom within the said Diocese AND WHEREAS it appeared on
+the face of the said Manuscript Book that the whole of the body thereof
+with the exception of part of the last page thereof was in the
+handwriting of the said William Bradford who was elected Governor of New
+Plymouth in April 1621 and continued Governor thereof from that date
+excepting between the years 1635 and 1637 up to 1650 and that the last
+five pages of the said Manuscript which is in the handwriting of the
+said William Bradford contain what in Law is an authentic Register
+between 1620 and 1650 of the fact of the Marriages of the Founders of
+the Colony of New England with the names of their respective wives and
+the names of their Children the lawful issue of such Marriages and of
+the fact of the Marriages of many of their Children and Grandchildren
+and of the names of the issue of such marriages and of the deaths of
+many of the persons named therein And after hearing Counsel in support
+of the said application the Judge being of opinion that the said
+Manuscript Book had been upon the evidence before the Court presumably
+deposited at Fulham Palace sometime between the year 1729 and the year
+1785 during which time the said Colony was by custom within the Diocese
+of London for purposes Ecclesiastical and the Registry of the said
+Consistorial Court was a legitimate Registry for the Custody of
+Registers of Marriages Births and Deaths within the said Colony and that
+the Registry at Fulham Palace was a Registry for Historical and other
+Documents connected with the Colonies and possessions of Great Britain
+beyond the Seas so long as the same remained by custom within the
+Diocese of London and that on the Declaration of the Independence of the
+United States of America in 1776 the said Colony had ceased to be within
+the Diocese of London and the Registry of the Court had ceased to be a
+public registry for the said Colony and having maturely deliberated on
+the Cases precedents and practice of the Ecclesiastical Court bearing on
+the application before him and having regard to the Special
+Circumstances of the Case Decreed as follows--(1) That a Photographic
+facsimile reproduction of the said Manuscript Book verified by affidavit
+as being a true and correct Photographic reproduction of the said
+Manuscript Book be deposited in the Registry of Our said Court by or on
+behalf of the Petitioner before the delivery to the Petitioner of the
+said original Manuscript Book as hereinafter ordered--(2) That the said
+Manuscript Book be delivered over to the said Honorable Thomas Francis
+Bayard by the Lord Bishop of London or in his Lordship's absence by the
+Registrar of the said Court on his giving his undertaking in writing
+that he will with all due care and diligence on his arrival from England
+in the United States convey and deliver in person the said Manuscript
+Book to the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United
+States of America at his Official Office in the State House in the City
+of Boston and that from the time of the delivery of the said Book to him
+by the said Lord Bishop of London or by the said Registrar until he
+shall have delivered the same to the Governor of Massachusetts he will
+retain the same in his own Personal custody--(3) That the said Book be
+deposited by the Petitioner with the Governor of Massachusetts for the
+purpose of the same being with all convenient speed finally deposited
+either in the State Archives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the
+City of Boston or in the Library of the Historical Society of the said
+Commonwealth in the City of Boston as the Governor shall determine--(4)
+That the Governors of the said Commonwealth for all time to come be
+officially responsible for the safe custody of the said Manuscript Book
+whether the same be deposited in the State Archives at Boston or in the
+Historical Library in Boston aforesaid as well as for the performance
+of the following conditions subject to a compliance wherewith the said
+Manuscript Book is hereby decreed to be deposited in the Custody of the
+aforesaid Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and his
+Successors to wit:--(a) That all persons have such access to the said
+Manuscript Book as to the Governor of the said Commonwealth for the time
+being shall appear to be reasonable and with such safeguard as he shall
+order--(b) That all persons desirous of searching the said Manuscript
+Book for the bona fide purpose of establishing or tracing a Pedigree
+through persons named in the last five pages thereof or in any other
+part thereof shall be permitted to search the same under such safeguards
+as the Governor for the time being shall determine on payment of a fee
+to be fixed by the Governor--(c) That any person applying to the
+Official having the immediate custody of the said Manuscript Book for a
+Certified Copy of any entry contained in proof of Marriage Birth or
+Death of persons named therein or of any other matter of like purport
+for the purpose of tracing descents shall be furnished with such
+certificate on the payment of a sum not exceeding one Dollar--(d) That
+with all convenient speed after the delivery of the said Manuscript Book
+to the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts the Governor shall
+transmit to the Registrar of the Court a Certificate of the delivery of
+the same to him by the Petitioner and that he accepts the Custody of
+the same subject to the terms and conditions herein named AND the Judge
+lastly decreed that the Petitioner on delivering the said Manuscript
+Book to the Governor aforesaid shall at the same time deliver to him
+this Our Decree Sealed with the Seal of the Court WHEREFORE WE the
+Bishop of London aforesaid well weighing and considering the premises DO
+by virtue of Our Authority Ordinary and Episcopal and as far as in Us
+lies and by Law We may or can ratify and confirm such Decree of Our
+Vicar General and Official Principal of Our Consistorial and Episcopal
+Court of London IN TESTIMONY whereof We have caused the Seal of Our said
+Vicar General and Official Principal of the Consistorial and Episcopal
+Court of London which We use in this behalf to be affixed to these
+Presents DATED AT LONDON this Twelfth day of April One thousand eight
+hundred and ninety seven and in the first year of Our Translation.
+
+  HARRY W. LEE
+  Exd. H.E.T. Registrar
+
+  (L.S.)
+
+
+
+
+RECEIPT
+
+OF
+
+AMBASSADOR BAYARD.
+
+
+RECEIPT OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD.
+
+
+_In the Consistory Court of London_
+
+IN THE MATTER OF THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT OF THE BOOK ENTITLED AND KNOWN
+AS "THE LOG OF THE MAYFLOWER."
+
+I THE HONOURABLE THOMAS FRANCIS BAYARD lately Ambassador Extraordinary
+and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America at the Court of
+Saint James's London Do hereby undertake, in compliance with the Order
+of this Honourable Court dated the twelfth day of April 1897 and made on
+my Petition filed in the said Honourable Court, that I will with all due
+care and diligence on my arrival from England in the United States of
+America safely convey over the Original Manuscript Book Known as and
+entitled "The Log of the Mayflower" which has been this twenty ninth day
+of April 1897 delivered over to me by the Lord Bishop of London, to the
+City of Boston in the United States of America and on my arrival in the
+said City deliver the same over in person to the Governor of the
+Commonwealth of Massachusetts at his Official Office in the State House
+in the said City of Boston AND I further hereby undertake from the time
+of the said delivery of the said Book to me by the said Lord Bishop of
+London until I shall have delivered the same to the Governor of
+Massachusetts, to retain the same in my own personal custody.
+
+  (Signed) T. F. BAYARD
+
+  29 April 1897
+
+
+
+
+RECEIPT
+
+of
+
+HIS EXCELLENCY ROGER WOLCOTT.
+
+
+RECEIPT OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT.
+
+His Excellency ROGER WOLCOTT, _Governor of the Commonwealth of
+Massachusetts, in the United States of America_.
+
+_To the Registrar of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London._
+
+_Whereas_, The said Honorable Court, by its decree dated the twelfth day
+of April, 1897, and made on the petition of the Honorable Thomas Francis
+Bayard, lately Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
+United States of America at the Court of Saint James in London, did
+order that a certain original manuscript book then in the custody of the
+Lord Bishop of London, known as and entitled "The Log of the Mayflower,"
+and more specifically described in said decree, should be delivered over
+to the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard by the Lord Bishop of
+London, on certain conditions specified in said decree, to be delivered
+by the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard in person to the Governor of
+the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, thereafter to be kept in the custody
+of the aforesaid Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and his
+successors, subject to a compliance with certain conditions, as set
+forth in said decree;
+
+_And Whereas_, The said Honorable Court by its decree aforesaid did
+further order that, with all convenient speed after the delivery of the
+said manuscript book to the Governor of the Commonwealth of
+Massachusetts, the Governor should transmit to the Registrar of the
+said Honorable Court a certificate of the delivery of the same to him by
+the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard, and his acceptance of the
+custody of the same, subject to the terms and conditions named in the
+decree aforesaid;
+
+_Now, Therefore_, In compliance with the decree aforesaid I do hereby
+certify that on the twenty-sixth day of May, 1897, the said Honorable
+Thomas Francis Bayard delivered in person to me, at my official office
+in the State House in the city of Boston, in the Commonwealth of
+Massachusetts, in the United States of America, a certain manuscript
+book which the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard then and there
+declared to be the original manuscript book known as and entitled "The
+Log of the Mayflower," which is more specifically described in the
+decree aforesaid; and I do further certify that I hereby accept the
+custody of the same, subject to the terms and conditions named in the
+decree aforesaid.
+
+_In witness whereof_, I have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal
+of the Commonwealth to be affixed, at the Capitol in Boston, this
+twelfth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
+and ninety-seven.
+
+  ROGER WOLCOTT.
+
+  By His Excellency the Governor,
+  WM. M. OLIN,
+  _Secretary of the Commonwealth._
+
+
+
+
+ADDRESS
+
+OF THE
+
+HON. GEORGE F. HOAR.
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+
+ADDRESS OF SENATOR HOAR.
+
+The first American Ambassador to Great Britain, at the end of his
+official service, comes to Massachusetts on an interesting errand. He
+comes to deliver to the lineal successor of Governor Bradford, in the
+presence of the representatives and rulers of the body politic formed by
+the compact on board the "Mayflower," Nov. 11, 1620, the only authentic
+history of the founding of their Commonwealth; the only authentic
+history of what we have a right to consider the most important political
+transaction that has ever taken place on the face of the earth.
+
+Mr. Bayard has sought to represent to the mother country, not so much
+the diplomacy as the good-will of the American people. If in this
+anybody be tempted to judge him severely, let us remember what his great
+predecessor, John Adams, the first minister at the same court,
+representing more than any other man, embodying more than any other man,
+the spirit of Massachusetts, said to George III., on the first day of
+June, 1785, after the close of our long and bitter struggle for
+independence: "I shall esteem myself the happiest of men if I can be
+instrumental in restoring an entire esteem, confidence and affection,
+or, in better words, the old good-nature and the old good-humor between
+people who, though separated by an ocean and under different
+governments, have the same language, a similar religion and kindred
+blood."
+
+And let us remember, too, the answer of the old monarch, who, with all
+his faults, must have had something of a noble and royal nature stirring
+in his bosom, when he replied: "Let the circumstances of language,
+religion and blood have their natural and full effect."
+
+It has long been well known that Governor Bradford wrote and left behind
+him a history of the settlement of Plymouth. It was quoted by early
+chroniclers. There are extracts from it in the records at Plymouth.
+Thomas Prince used it when he compiled his annals. Hubbard depended on
+it when he wrote his "History of New England." Cotton Mather had read
+it, or a copy of a portion of it, when he wrote his "Magnalia." Governor
+Hutchinson had it when he published the second volume of his history in
+1767. From that time it disappeared from the knowledge of everybody on
+this side of the water. All our historians speak of it as lost, and can
+only guess what had been its fate. Some persons suspected that it was
+destroyed when Governor Hutchinson's house was sacked in 1765, others
+that it was carried off by some officer or soldier when Boston was
+evacuated by the British army in 1776.
+
+In 1844 Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, afterward Bishop of
+Winchester, one of the brightest of men, published one of the dullest
+and stupidest of books. It is entitled "The History of the Protestant
+Episcopal Church in America." It contained extracts from manuscripts
+which he said he had discovered in the library of the Bishop of London
+at Fulham. The book attracted no attention here until, about twelve
+years later, in 1855, John Wingate Thornton, whom many of us remember as
+an accomplished antiquary and a delightful gentleman, happened to pick
+up a copy of it while he was lounging in Burnham's book store. He read
+the bishop's quotations, and carried the book to his office, where he
+left it for his friend, Mr. Barry, who was then writing his "History of
+Massachusetts," with passages marked, and with a note which is not
+preserved, but which, according to his memory, suggested that the
+passages must have come from Bradford's long-lost history. That is the
+claim for Mr. Thornton. On the other hand, it is claimed by Mr. Barry
+that there was nothing of that kind expressed in Mr. Thornton's note,
+but in reading the book when he got it an hour or so later, the thought
+struck him for the first time that the clew had been found to the
+precious book which had been lost so long. He at once repaired to
+Charles Deane, then and ever since, down to his death, as President
+Eliot felicitously styled him, "the master of historical investigators
+in this country." Mr. Deane saw the importance of the discovery. He
+communicated at once with Joseph Hunter, an eminent English scholar.
+Hunter was high authority on all matters connected with the settlement
+of New England. He visited the palace at Fulham, and established beyond
+question the identity of the manuscript with Governor Bradford's
+history, an original letter of Governor Bradford having been sent over
+for comparison of handwriting.
+
+How the manuscript got to Fulham nobody knows. Whether it was carried
+over by Governor Hutchinson in 1774; whether it was taken as spoil from
+the tower of the Old South Church in 1775; whether, with other
+manuscripts, it was sent to Fulham at the time of the attempts of the
+Episcopal churches in America, just before the revolution, to establish
+an episcopate here,--nobody knows. It would seem that Hutchinson would
+have sent it to the colonial office; that an officer would naturally
+have sent it to the war office; and a private would have sent it to the
+war office, unless he had carried it off as mere private booty and
+plunder,--in which case it would have been unlikely that it would have
+reached a public place of custody. But we find it in the possession of
+the church and of the church official having, until independence was
+declared, special jurisdiction over Episcopal interests in Massachusetts
+and Plymouth. This may seem to point to a transfer for some
+ecclesiastical purpose.
+
+The bishop's chancellor conjectures that it was sent to Fulham because
+of the record annexed to it of the early births, marriages and deaths,
+such records being in England always in ecclesiastical custody. But this
+is merely conjecture.
+
+I know of no incident like this in history, unless it be the discovery
+in a chest in the castle of Edinburgh, where they had been lost for one
+hundred and eleven years, of the ancient regalia of Scotland,--the crown
+of Bruce, the sceptre and sword of state. The lovers of Walter Scott,
+who was one of the commissioners who made the search, remember his
+intense emotion, as described by his daughter, when the lid was removed.
+Her feelings were worked up to such a pitch that she nearly fainted, and
+drew back from the circle.
+
+As she was retiring she was startled by his voice exclaiming, in a tone
+of the deepest emotion, "something between anger and despair," as she
+expressed it: "By God, no!" One of the commissioners, not quite entering
+into the solemnity with which Scott regarded this business, had, it
+seems, made a sort of motion as if he meant to put the crown on the head
+of one of the young ladies near him, but the voice and the aspect of
+the poet were more than sufficient to make this worthy gentleman
+understand his error; and, respecting the enthusiasm with which he had
+not been taught to sympathize, he laid down the ancient diadem with an
+air of painful embarrassment. Scott whispered, "Pray forgive me," and
+turning round at the moment observed his daughter deadly pale and
+leaning by the door. He immediately drew her out of the room, and when
+she had somewhat recovered in the fresh air, walked with her across
+Mound to Castle Street. "He never spoke all the way home," she says,
+"but every now and then I felt his arm tremble, and from that time I
+fancied he began to treat me more like a woman than a child. I thought
+he liked me better, too, than he had ever done before."
+
+There have been several attempts to procure the return of the manuscript
+to this country. Mr. Winthrop, in 1860, through the venerable John
+Sinclair, archdeacon, urged the Bishop of London to give it up, and
+proposed that the Prince of Wales, then just coming to this country,
+should take it across the Atlantic and present it to the people of
+Massachusetts. The Attorney-General, Sir Fitzroy Kelley, approved the
+plan, and said it would be an exceptional act of grace, a most
+interesting action, and that he heartily wished the success of the
+application. But the bishop refused. Again, in 1869, John Lothrop
+Motley, then minister to England, who had a great and deserved
+influence there, repeated the proposition, at the suggestion of that
+most accomplished scholar, Justin Winsor. But his appeal had the same
+fate. The bishop gave no encouragement, and said, as had been said nine
+years before, that the property could not be alienated without an act of
+Parliament. Mr. Winsor planned to repeat the attempt on his visit to
+England in 1877. When he was at Fulham the bishop was absent, and he was
+obliged to come home without seeing him in person.
+
+In 1881, at the time of the death of President Garfield, Benjamin Scott,
+chamberlain of London, proposed again in the newspapers that the
+restitution should be made. But nothing came of it.
+
+Dec. 21, 1895, I delivered an address at Plymouth, on the occasion of
+the two hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the landing of the
+Pilgrims upon the rock. In preparing for that duty, I read again, with
+renewed enthusiasm and delight, the noble and touching story, as told by
+Governor Bradford. I felt that this precious history of the Pilgrims
+ought to be in no other custody than that of their children. But the
+case seemed hopeless. I found myself compelled by a serious physical
+infirmity to take a vacation, and to get a rest from public cares and
+duties, which was impossible while I stayed at home. When I went abroad
+I determined to visit the locality, on the borders of Lincolnshire and
+Yorkshire, from which Bradford and Brewster and Robinson, the three
+leaders of the Pilgrims, came, and where their first church was formed,
+and the places in Amsterdam and Leyden where the emigrants spent
+thirteen years. But I longed especially to see the manuscript of
+Bradford at Fulham, which then seemed to me, as it now seems to me, the
+most precious manuscript on earth, unless we could recover one of the
+four gospels as it came in the beginning from the pen of the Evangelist.
+
+The desire to get it back grew and grew during the voyage across the
+Atlantic. I did not know how such a proposition would be received in
+England. A few days after I landed I made a call upon John Morley. I
+asked him whether he thought the thing could be done. He inquired
+carefully into the story, took down from his shelf the excellent though
+brief life of Bradford in Leslie Stephen's "Biographical Dictionary,"
+and told me he thought the book ought to come back to us, and that he
+should be glad to do anything in his power to help. It was my fortune, a
+week or two after, to sit next to Mr. Bayard at a dinner given to Mr.
+Collins by the American consuls in Great Britain. I took occasion to
+tell him the story, and he gave me the assurance, which he has since so
+abundantly and successfully fulfilled, of his powerful aid. I was
+compelled, by the health of one of the party with whom I was
+travelling, to go to the continent almost immediately, and was
+disappointed in the hope of an early return to England. So the matter
+was delayed until about a week before I sailed for home, when I went to
+Fulham, in the hope at least of seeing the manuscript. I had supposed
+that it was a quasi-public library, open to general visitors. But I
+found the bishop was absent. I asked for the librarian, but there was no
+such officer, and I was told very politely that the library was not open
+to the public, and was treated in all respects as that of a private
+gentleman. So I gave up any hope of doing anything in person. But I
+happened, the Friday before I sailed for home, to dine with an English
+friend who had been exceedingly kind to me. As he took leave of me,
+about eleven o'clock in the evening, he asked me if there was anything
+more he could do for me. I said, "No, unless you happen to know the Lord
+Bishop of London. I should like to get a sight at the manuscript of
+Bradford's history before I go home." He said, "I do not know the bishop
+myself, but Mr. Grenfell, at whose house you spent a few days in the
+early summer, married the bishop's niece, and will gladly give you an
+introduction to his uncle. He is in Scotland. But I will write to him
+before I go to bed."
+
+Sunday morning brought me a cordial letter from Mr. Grenfell,
+introducing me to the bishop. I wrote a note to his lordship, saying I
+should be glad to have an opportunity to see Bradford's history; that I
+was to sail for the United States the next Wednesday, but would be
+pleased to call at Fulham Tuesday, if that were agreeable to him.
+
+I got a note in reply, in which he said if I would call on Tuesday he
+would be happy to show me "The Log of the Mayflower," which is the title
+the English, without the slightest reason in the world, give the
+manuscript. I kept the appointment, and found the bishop with the book
+in his hand. He received me with great courtesy, showed me the palace,
+and said that that spot had been occupied by a bishop's palace for more
+than a thousand years.
+
+After looking at the volume and reading the records on the flyleaf, I
+said: "My lord, I am going to say something which you may think rather
+audacious. I think this book ought to go back to Massachusetts. Nobody
+knows how it got over here. Some people think it was carried off by
+Governor Hutchinson, the Tory governor; other people think it was
+carried off by British soldiers when Boston was evacuated; but in either
+case the property would not have changed. Or, if you treat it as a
+booty, in which last case, I suppose, by the law of nations ordinary
+property does change, no civilized nation in modern times applies that
+principle to the property of libraries and institutions of learning."
+
+"Well," said the bishop, "I did not know you cared anything about it."
+
+"Why," said I, "if there were in existence in England a history of King
+Alfred's reign for thirty years, written by his own hand, it would not
+be more precious in the eyes of Englishmen than this manuscript is to
+us."
+
+"Well," said he, "I think myself it ought to go back, and if it had
+depended on me it would have gone back before this. But the Americans
+who have been here--many of them have been commercial people--did not
+seem to care much about it except as a curiosity. I suppose I ought not
+to give it up on my own authority. It belongs to me in my official
+capacity, and not as private or personal property. I think I ought to
+consult the Archbishop of Canterbury. And, indeed," he added, "I think I
+ought to speak to the Queen about it. We should not do such a thing
+behind Her Majesty's back."
+
+I said: "Very well. When I go home I will have a proper application made
+from some of our literary societies, and ask you to give it
+consideration."
+
+I saw Mr. Bayard again, and told him the story. He was at the train when
+I left London for the steamer at Southampton. He entered with great
+interest into the matter, and told me again he would gladly do anything
+in his power to forward it.
+
+When I got home I communicated with Secretary Olney about it, who took a
+kindly interest in the matter, and wrote to Mr. Bayard that the
+administration desired he should do everything in his power to promote
+the application. The matter was then brought to the attention of the
+council of the American Antiquarian Society, the Massachusetts
+Historical Society, the Pilgrim Society of Plymouth and the New England
+Society of New York. These bodies appointed committees to unite in the
+application. Governor Wolcott was also consulted, who gave his hearty
+approbation to the movement, and a letter was dispatched through Mr.
+Bayard.
+
+Meantime Bishop Temple, with whom I had my conversation, had himself
+become Archbishop of Canterbury, and in that capacity Primate of all
+England. His successor, Rev. Dr. Creighton, had been the delegate of
+John Harvard's College to the great celebration at Harvard University on
+the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of its foundation, in 1886. He
+had received the degree of doctor of laws from the university, had been
+a guest of President Eliot, and had received President Eliot as his
+guest in England.
+
+He is an accomplished historical scholar, and very friendly in sentiment
+to the people of the United States. So, by great fortune, the two
+eminent ecclesiastical personages who were to have a powerful influence
+in the matter were likely to be exceedingly well disposed. Dr. Benjamin
+A. Gould, the famous mathematician, was appointed one of the committee
+of the American Antiquarian Society. He died suddenly, just after a
+letter to the Bishop of London was prepared and about to be sent to him
+for signing. He took a very zealous interest in the matter. The letter
+formally asked for the return of the manuscript, and was signed by the
+following-named gentlemen: George F. Hoar, Stephen Salisbury, Edward
+Everett Hale, Samuel A. Green, for the American Antiquarian Society;
+Charles Francis Adams, William Lawrence, Charles W. Eliot, for the
+Massachusetts Historical Society; Arthur Lord, William M. Evarts,
+William T. Davis, for the Pilgrim Society of Plymouth; Charles C.
+Beaman, Joseph H. Choate, J. Pierpont Morgan, for the New England
+Society of New York; Roger Wolcott, Governor of Massachusetts.
+
+The rarest good fortune seems to have attended every step in this
+transaction.
+
+I was fortunate in having formed the friendship of Mr. Grenfell, which
+secured to me so cordial a reception from the Bishop of London.
+
+It was fortunate that the Bishop of London was Dr. Temple, an eminent
+scholar, kindly disposed toward the people of the United States, and a
+man thoroughly capable of understanding and respecting the deep and
+holy sentiment which a compliance with our desire would gratify.
+
+It was fortunate, too, that Bishop Temple, who thought he must have the
+approbation of the archbishop before his action, when the time came had
+himself become Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of all England.
+
+It was fortunate that Dr. Creighton had succeeded to the see of London.
+He is, himself, as I have just said, an eminent historical scholar. He
+has many friends in America. He was the delegate of Emmanuel, John
+Harvard's College, at the great Harvard centennial celebration in 1886.
+He received the degree of doctor of laws at Harvard and is a member of
+the Massachusetts Historical Society. He had, as I have said,
+entertained President Eliot as his guest in England.
+
+It was fortunate, too, that the application came in a time of cordial
+good-will between the two countries, when the desire of John Adams and
+the longing of George III. have their ample and complete fulfilment.
+This token of the good-will of England reached Boston on the eve of the
+birthday of the illustrious sovereign, who is not more venerated and
+beloved by her own subjects than by the kindred people across the sea.
+
+[Illustration: THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.]
+
+It comes to us at the time of the rejoicing of the English people at
+the sixtieth anniversary of a reign more crowded with benefit to
+humanity than any other known in the annals of the race. Upon the power
+of England, the sceptre, the trident, the lion, the army and the fleet,
+the monster ships of war, the all-shattering guns, the American people
+are strong enough now to look with an entire indifference. We encounter
+her commerce and her manufacture in the spirit of a generous emulation.
+The inheritance from which England has gained these things is ours also.
+We, too, are of the Saxon strain.
+
+        In our halls is hung
+    Armory of the invincible knights of old.
+
+Our temple covers a continent, and its porches are upon both the seas.
+Our fathers knew the secret to lay, in Christian liberty and law, the
+foundations of empire. Our young men are not ashamed, if need be, to
+speak with the enemy in the gate.
+
+But to the illustrious lady, type of gentlest womanhood, model of mother
+and wife and friend, who came at eighteen to the throne of George IV.
+and William; of purer eyes than to behold iniquity; the maiden presence
+before which everything unholy shrank; the sovereign who, during her
+long reign, "ever knew the people that she ruled;" the royal nature that
+disdained to strike at her kingdom's rival in the hour of our sorest
+need; the heart which even in the bosom of a queen beat with sympathy
+for the cause of constitutional liberty; who, herself not unacquainted
+with grief, laid on the coffin of our dead Garfield the wreath fragrant
+with a sister's sympathy,--to her our republican manhood does not
+disdain to bend.
+
+    The eagle, lord of land and sea,
+    Will stoop to pay her fealty.
+
+But I am afraid this application might have had the fate of its
+predecessors but for our special good fortune in the fact that Mr.
+Bayard was our ambassador at the Court of St. James. He had been, as I
+said in the beginning, the ambassador not so much of the diplomacy as of
+the good-will of the American people. Before his powerful influence
+every obstacle gave way. It was almost impossible for Englishmen to
+refuse a request like this, made by him, and in which his own sympathies
+were so profoundly enlisted.
+
+You are entitled, sir, to the gratitude of Massachusetts, to the
+gratitude of every lover of Massachusetts and of every lover of the
+country. You have succeeded where so many others have failed, and where
+so many others would have been likely to fail. You may be sure that our
+debt to you is fully understood and will not be forgotten.
+
+The question of the permanent abiding-place of this manuscript will be
+settled after it has reached the hands of His Excellency. Wherever it
+shall go it will be an object of reverent care. I do not think many
+Americans will gaze upon it without a little trembling of the lips and a
+little gathering of mist in the eyes, as they think of the story of
+suffering, of sorrow, of peril, of exile, of death and of lofty triumph
+which that book tells,--which the hand of the great leader and founder
+of America has traced on those pages.
+
+There is nothing like it in human annals since the story of Bethlehem.
+These Englishmen and English women going out from their homes in
+beautiful Lincoln and York, wife separated from husband and mother from
+child in that hurried embarkation for Holland, pursued to the beach by
+English horsemen; the thirteen years of exile; the life at Amsterdam "in
+alley foul and lane obscure;" the dwelling at Leyden; the embarkation at
+Delfthaven; the farewell of Robinson; the terrible voyage across the
+Atlantic; the compact in the harbor; the landing on the rock; the
+dreadful first winter; the death roll of more than half the number; the
+days of suffering and of famine; the wakeful night, listening for the
+yell of wild beast and the war-whoop of the savage; the building of the
+State on those sure foundations which no wave or tempest has ever
+shaken; the breaking of the new light; the dawning of the new day; the
+beginning of the new life; the enjoyment of peace with liberty,--of all
+these things this is the original record by the hand of our beloved
+father and founder. Massachusetts will preserve it until the time shall
+come that her children are unworthy of it; and that time shall
+come,--never.
+
+
+
+
+ADDRESS
+
+OF THE
+
+HON. THOMAS F. BAYARD.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+ADDRESS OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD.
+
+Your Excellency, Gentlemen of the two Houses of the Legislature of
+Massachusetts, Ladies and Gentlemen, Fellow Countrymen: The honorable
+and most gratifying duty with which I am charged is about to receive its
+final act of execution, for I have the book here, as it was placed in my
+hands by the Lord Bishop of London on April 29, intact then and now; and
+I am about to deliver it according to the provisions of the decree of
+the Chancellor of London, which has been read in your presence, and the
+receipt signed by me and registered in his court that I would obey the
+provisions of that decree.
+
+I have kept my trust; I have kept the book as I received it; I shall
+deliver it into the hands of the representative of the people who are
+entitled to its custody.
+
+And now, gentlemen, it would be superfluous for me to dwell upon the
+historical features of this remarkable occasion, for it has been done,
+as we all knew it would be done, with ability, learning, eloquence and
+impressiveness, by the distinguished Senator who represents you so well
+in the Congress of the United States.
+
+For all that related to myself, and for every gracious word of
+recognition and commendation that fell from his lips in relation to the
+part that I have taken in the act of restoration, I am profoundly
+grateful. It is an additional reward, but not the reward which induced
+my action.
+
+To have served your State, to have been instrumental in such an act as
+this, was of itself a high privilege to me. The Bradford manuscript was
+in the library of Fulham palace, and if, by lawful means, I could have
+become possessed of the volume, and have brought it here and quietly
+deposited it, I should have gone to my home with the great satisfaction
+of knowing that I had performed an act of justice, an act of right
+between two countries. Therefore the praise, however grateful, is
+additional, and I am very thankful for it.
+
+It may not be inappropriate or unpleasing to you should I state in a
+very simple manner the history of my relation to the return of this
+book, for it all has occurred within the last twelve months.
+
+I knew of the existence of this manuscript, and had seen the
+reproduction in facsimile. I knew that attempts had been made,
+unsuccessfully, to obtain the original book.
+
+At that time Senator Hoar made a short visit to England, and in passing
+through London I was informed by him of the great interest that he, in
+common with the people of this State, had in the restoration of this
+manuscript to the custody of the State.
+
+We discussed the methods by which it might be accomplished, and after
+two or three concurrent suggestions he returned to the United States,
+and presently I received, under cover from the Secretary of State,--a
+distinguished citizen of your own State, Mr. Olney,--a formal note,
+suggesting rather than instructing that in an informal manner I should
+endeavor to have carried out the wishes of the various societies that
+had addressed themselves to the Bishop of London and the Archbishop of
+Canterbury, in order to obtain the return of this manuscript.
+
+It necessarily had to be done informally. The strict regulations of the
+office I then occupied forbade my correspondence with any member of the
+British government except through the foreign office, unless it were
+informal. An old saying describes the entire case, that "When there's a
+will there's a way." There certainly was the will to get the book, and
+there certainly was also a will and a way to give the book, and that way
+was discovered by the legal custodians of the book itself.
+
+At first there were suggestions of difficulty, some technical questions;
+and following a very safe rule, the first thought was, What is the law?
+and the case was submitted to the law officers of the Crown. Then there
+arose the necessity of a formal act of permission.
+
+There could be entertained no question as to the title to the manuscript
+in the possession of the British government. There was no authority to
+grant a claim, founded on adverse title, and the question arose as to
+the requisite form of law of a permissive rather than of a mandatory
+nature, in order to be authoritative with those who had charge of the
+document.
+
+But, as I have said, when there was a will there was found a way. By
+personal correspondence and interviews with the Bishop of London, I soon
+discovered that he was as anxious to find the way as I was that he
+should find it. In March last it was finally agreed that I should employ
+legal counsel to present a formal petition in the Episcopal Consistorial
+Court of London, and there before the Chancellor to represent the strong
+desire of Massachusetts and her people for the return of the record of
+her early Governor.
+
+Accordingly, the petition was prepared, and by my authority signed as
+for me by an eminent member of the bar, and it was also signed by the
+Bishop of London, so that there was a complete consensus. The decree was
+ordered, as is published in the London "Times" on March 25 last, and
+nothing after that remained but formalities, in which, as you are well
+aware, the English law is not lacking, especially in the ecclesiastical
+tribunals.
+
+These formalities were carried out during my absence from London on a
+short visit to the Continent, and the decree which you have just heard
+read was duly entered on April 12 last, consigning the document to my
+personal custody, to be delivered by me in this city to the high
+official therein named, subject to those conditions which you have also
+heard.
+
+Accordingly, on the 29th of April last I was summoned to the court, and
+there, having signed the receipt, this decree was read in my presence.
+Then the Bishop of London arose, and, taking the book in his hands,
+delivered it with a few gracious words into my custody, and here it is
+to-day.
+
+The records of those proceedings will no doubt be preserved here as
+accompanying this book, as they are in the Episcopal Consistorial Court
+in London, and they tell the entire story.
+
+But that is but part. The thing that I wish to impress upon you, and
+upon my fellow countrymen throughout the United States, is that this is
+an act of courtesy and friendship by another government--the government
+of what we once called our "mother country"--to the entire people of the
+United States.
+
+You cannot limit it to the Governor of this Commonwealth; nor to the
+Legislature; nor even to the citizens of this Commonwealth. It extends
+in its courtesy, its kindness and comity to the entire people of the
+United States. From first to last there was the ready response of
+courtesy and kindness to the request for the restoration of this
+manuscript record.
+
+I may say to you that there has been nothing that I have sought more
+earnestly than to place the affairs of these two great nations in the
+atmosphere of mutual confidence and respect and good-will. If it be a
+sin to long for the honor of one's country, for the safety and strength
+of one's country, then I have been a great sinner, for I have striven to
+advance the honor and the safety and the welfare of my country, and
+believed it was best accomplished by treating all with justice and
+courtesy, and doing those things to others which we would ask to have
+done to ourselves.
+
+When the Chancellor pronounced his decree in March last, he cited
+certain precedents to justify him in restoring this volume to
+Massachusetts. One precedent which powerfully controlled his decision,
+and which in the closing portion of his judgment he emphasizes, was an
+act of generous liberality upon the part of the American Library Society
+in Philadelphia in voluntarily returning to the British government some
+volumes of original manuscript of the period of James the First, which
+by some means not very clearly explained had found their way among the
+books of that institution.
+
+Those books were received by a distinguished man, Lord Romilly, Master
+of the Rolls, who took occasion to speak of the liberality and kindness
+which dictated the action of the Philadelphia library. Gentlemen, I am
+one of those who believe that a generous and kindly act is never unwise
+between individuals or nations.
+
+The return of this book to you is an echo of the kindly act of your
+countrymen in the city of Philadelphia in 1866.
+
+It is that, not, as Mr. Hoar has said, any influence or special effort
+of mine; but it is international good feeling and comity which brought
+about to you the pleasure and the joy of having this manuscript
+returned, and so it will ever be. A generous act will beget a generous
+act; trust and confidence will beget trust and confidence; and so it
+will be while the world shall last, and well will it be for the man or
+for the people who shall recognize this truth and act upon it.
+
+Now, gentlemen, there is another coincidence that I may venture to point
+out. It is history repeating itself. More than three hundred years ago
+the ancestors from whom my father drew his name and blood were French
+Protestants, who had been compelled to flee from the religious
+persecutions of that day, and for the sake of conscience to find an
+asylum in Holland. Fifty years after they had fled and found safety in
+Holland, the little congregation of Independents from the English
+village of Scrooby, under the pastorate of John Robinson, was forced to
+fly, and with difficulty found its way into the same country of the
+Netherlands, seeking an asylum for consciences' sake.
+
+Time passed on. The little English colony removed, as this manuscript of
+William Bradford will tell you, across the Atlantic, and soon after the
+Huguenot family from whom I drew my name found their first settlement in
+what was then the New Netherlands, now New York. Both came from the same
+cause; both came with the same object, the same purpose,--"soul
+freedom," as Roger Williams well called it. Both came to found homes
+where they could worship God according to their own conscience and live
+as free men. They came to these shores, and they have found the asylum,
+and they have strengthened it, and it is what we see to-day,--a country
+of absolute religious and civil freedom,--of equal rights and
+toleration.
+
+And is it not fitting that I, who have in my veins the blood of the
+Huguenots, should present to you and your Governor the log of the
+English emigrants, who left their country for the sake of religious
+freedom?
+
+They are blended here,--their names, their interests. No man asks and no
+man has a right to ask or have ascertained by any method authorized by
+law what is the conscientious religious tenet or opinion of any man, of
+any citizen, as a prerequisite for holding an office of trust or power
+in the United States.
+
+I think it well on this occasion to make, as I am sure you are making,
+acknowledgment to that heroic little country, the Lowlands as they call
+it, the Netherlands,--the country without one single feature of military
+defence except the brave hearts of the men who live in it and defend it.
+
+Holland was the anvil upon which religious and civil liberty was beaten
+out in Europe at a time when the clang was scarcely heard anywhere else.
+We can never forget our historical debt to that country and to those
+people. Puritan, Independent, Huguenot, whoever he may be, forced to
+flee for conscience's sake, will not forget that in the Netherlands
+there was found in his time of need the asylum where conscience,
+property and person might be secure.
+
+And now my task is done. I am deeply grateful for the part that I have
+been enabled to take in this act of just and natural restitution. In
+Massachusetts or out of Massachusetts there is no one more willing than
+I to assist this work; and here, sir [addressing Governor Wolcott], I
+fulfil my trust in placing in your hands the manuscript.
+
+To you, as the honored representative of the people of this
+Commonwealth, I commit this book, in pursuance of my obligations, gladly
+undertaken under the decree of the Episcopal Consistorial Court of
+London.
+
+
+
+
+ADDRESS
+
+OF
+
+HIS EXCELLENCY ROGER WOLCOTT.
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+
+ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT.
+
+On receiving the volume, Governor Wolcott, addressing Mr. Bayard, spoke
+as follows: I thank you, sir, for the diligent and faithful manner in
+which you have executed the honorable trust imposed upon you by the
+decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, a copy of
+which you have now placed in my hands. It was fitting that one of your
+high distinction should be selected to perform so dignified an office.
+
+The gracious act of international courtesy which is now completed will
+not fail of grateful appreciation by the people of this Commonwealth and
+of the nation. It is honorable alike to those who hesitated not to
+prefer the request and to those whose generous liberality has prompted
+compliance with it. It may be that the story of the departure of this
+precious relic from our shores may never in its every detail be
+revealed; but the story of its return will be read of all men, and will
+become a part of the history of the Commonwealth. There are places and
+objects so intimately associated with the world's greatest men or with
+mighty deeds that the soul of him who gazes upon them is lost in a sense
+of reverent awe, as it listens to the voice that speaks from the past,
+in words like those which came from the burning bush, "Put off thy shoes
+from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground."
+
+On the sloping hillside of Plymouth, that bathes its feet in the waters
+of the Atlantic, such a voice is breathed by the brooding genius of the
+place, and the ear must be dull that fails to catch the whispered words.
+For here not alone did godly men and women suffer greatly for a great
+cause, but their noble purpose was not doomed to defeat, but was carried
+to perfect victory. They stablished what they planned. Their feeble
+plantation became the birthplace of religious liberty, the cradle of a
+free Commonwealth. To them a mighty nation owns its debt. Nay, they have
+made the civilized world their debtor. In the varied tapestry which
+pictures our national life, the richest spots are those where gleam the
+golden threads of conscience, courage and faith, set in the web by that
+little band. May God in his mercy grant that the moral impulse which
+founded this nation may never cease to control its destiny; that no act
+of any future generation may put in peril the fundamental principles on
+which it is based,--of equal rights in a free state, equal privileges in
+a free church and equal opportunities in a free school.
+
+In this precious volume which I hold in my hands--the gift of England to
+the Commonwealth of Massachusetts--is told the noble, simple story "of
+Pli[~m]oth Plantation." In the midst of suffering and privation and
+anxiety the pious hand of William Bradford here set down in ample detail
+the history of the enterprise from its inception to the year 1647. From
+him we may learn "that all great and honourable actions are accompanied
+with great difficulties, and must be both enterprised and overcome with
+answerable courages."
+
+The sadness and pathos which some might read into the narrative are to
+me lost in victory. The triumph of a noble cause even at a great price
+is theme for rejoicing, not for sorrow, and the story here told is one
+of triumphant achievement, and not of defeat.
+
+As the official representative of the Commonwealth, I receive it, sir,
+at your hands. I pledge the faith of the Commonwealth that for all time
+it shall be guarded in accordance with the terms of the decree under
+which it is delivered into her possession as one of her chiefest
+treasures. I express the thanks of the Commonwealth for the priceless
+gift. And I venture the prophecy that for countless years to come and to
+untold thousands these mute pages shall eloquently speak of high
+resolve, great suffering and heroic endurance made possible by an
+absolute faith in the over-ruling providence of Almighty God.
+
+
+
+
+ACKNOWLEDGMENT
+
+BY THE
+
+BISHOP OF LONDON.
+
+[Illustration: THE BISHOP OF LONDON]
+
+(Copy)
+
+  FULHAM PALACE, S.W.
+  Oct. 16, 1897.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I would ask you to express to the Convention of the two branches of the
+General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts my grateful thanks
+for the copy of their resolution of May 26, which was presented to me by
+Mr. Adams.[A]
+
+I consider it a great privilege to have been associated with an act of
+courtesy, which was also an act of justice, in restoring to its proper
+place a document which is so important in the records of your
+illustrious Commonwealth.
+
+  I am
+
+  Yours faithfully,
+  M. London.
+
+  H.D. COOLIDGE, Esq.
+  Clerk of the Convention.
+
+
+
+
+OF PLIMOTH PLANTATION.
+
+
+Of Plimoth Plantation.
+
+And first of y^e occasion and ind[~u]sments ther unto; the which that I
+may truly unfould, I must begine at y^e very roote & rise of y^e same.
+The which I shall endevor to manefest in a plaine stile, with singuler
+regard unto y^e simple trueth in all things, at least as near as my
+slender judgmente can attaine the same.
+
+
+
+
+1. Chapter.
+
+
+It is well knowne unto y^e godly and judicious, how ever since y^e first
+breaking out of y^e lighte of y^e gospell in our Honourable Nation of
+England, (which was y^e first of nations whom y^e Lord adorned ther
+with, affter y^t grosse darknes of popery which had covered & overspred
+y^e Christian worled,) what warrs & opposissions ever since, Satan hath
+raised, maintained, and continued against the Saincts, from time to
+time, in one sorte or other. Some times by bloody death and cruell
+torments; other whiles imprisonments, banishments, & other hard usages;
+as being loath his kingdom should goe downe, the trueth prevaile, and
+y^e churches of God reverte to their anciente puritie, and recover their
+primative order, libertie, & bewtie. But when he could not prevaile by
+these means, against the maine trueths of y^e gospell, but that they
+began to take rootting in many places, being watered with y^e blooud of
+y^e martires, and blessed from heaven with a gracious encrease; He then
+begane to take him to his anciente strategemes, used of old against the
+first Christians. That when by y^e bloody & barbarous persecutions of
+y^e Heathen Emperours, he could not stoppe & subuerte the course of y^e
+gospell, but that it speedily overspred with a wounderfull celeritie the
+then best known parts of y^e world, He then begane to sow errours,
+heresies, and wounderfull dissentions amongst y^e professours them
+selves, (working upon their pride & ambition, with other corrupte
+passions incidente to all mortall men, yea to y^e saints them selves in
+some measure,) by which wofull effects followed; as not only bitter
+contentions, & hartburnings, schismes, with other horrible confusions,
+but Satan tooke occasion & advantage therby to foyst in a number of vile
+ceremoneys, with many unproffitable cannons & decrees, which have since
+been as snares to many poore & peaceable souls even to this day. So as
+in y^e anciente times, the persecutions[2] by y^e heathen & their
+Emperours, was not greater then of the Christians one against other; the
+Arians & other their complices against y^e orthodoxe & true Christians.
+As witneseth Socrates in his 2. booke. His words are these;[B] _The
+violence truly_ (saith he) _was no less than that of ould practised
+towards y^e Christians when they were compelled & drawne to sacrifice to
+idoles; for many indured sundrie kinds of tormente, often rackings, &
+dismembering of their joynts; confiscating of ther goods; some bereaved
+of their native soyle; others departed this life under y^e hands of y^e
+tormentor; and some died in banishm[=e]te, & never saw ther cuntrie
+againe, &c._
+
+The like methode Satan hath seemed to hold in these later times, since
+y^e trueth begane to springe & spread after y^e great defection made by
+Antichrist, y^t man of si[=n]e.
+
+For to let pass y^e infinite examples in sundrie nations and severall
+places of y^e world, and instance in our owne, when as y^t old serpente
+could not prevaile by those firie flames & other his cruell tragedies,
+which he[C] by his instruments put in ure every wher in y^e days of
+queene Mary & before, he then begane an other kind of warre, & went more
+closly to worke; not only to oppuggen, but even to ruinate & destroy y^e
+kingdom of Christ, by more secrete & subtile means, by kindling y^e
+flames of contention and sowing y^e seeds of discorde & bitter enmitie
+amongst y^e proffessors & seeming reformed them selves. For when he
+could not prevaile by y^e former means against the principall doctrins
+of faith, he bente his force against the holy discipline & outward
+regimente of the kingdom of Christ, by which those holy doctrines
+should be conserved, & true pietie maintained amongest the saints &
+people of God.
+
+Mr. Foxe recordeth how y^t besids those worthy martires & confessors
+which were burned in queene Marys days & otherwise tormented,[D] _many
+(both studients & others) fled out of y^e land, to y^e number of 800.
+And became severall congregations. At Wesell, Frankford, Bassill, Emden,
+Markpurge, Strausborugh, & Geneva, &c._ Amongst whom (but especialy
+those at Frankford) begane y^t bitter warr of contention & persecuti[=o]
+aboute y^e ceremonies, & servise-booke, and other popish and
+antichristian stuffe, the plague of England to this day, which are like
+y^e highplases in Israell, w^ch the prophets cried out against, & were
+their ruine; [3] which y^e better parte sought, according to y^e puritie
+of y^e gospell, to roote out and utterly to abandon. And the other parte
+(under veiled pretences) for their ouwn ends & advancments, sought as
+stifly to continue, maintaine, & defend. As appeareth by y^e discourse
+therof published in printe, An^o: 1575; a booke y^t deserves better to
+be knowne and considred.
+
+The one side laboured to have y^e right worship of God & discipline of
+Christ established in y^e church, according to y^e simplicitie of y^e
+gospell, without the mixture of mens inventions, and to have & to be
+ruled by y^e laws of Gods word, dispensed in those offices, & by those
+officers of Pastors, Teachers, & Elders, &c. according to y^e Scripturs.
+The other partie, though under many colours & pretences, endevored to
+have y^e episcopall dignitie (affter y^e popish ma[=n]er) with their
+large power & jurisdiction still retained; with all those courts,
+cannons, & ceremonies, togeather with all such livings, revenues, &
+subordinate officers, with other such means as formerly upheld their
+antichristian greatnes, and enabled them with lordly & tyranous power to
+persecute y^e poore servants of God. This contention was so great, as
+neither y^e honour of God, the commone persecution, nor y^e mediation of
+Mr. Calvin & other worthies of y^e Lord in those places, could prevaile
+with those thus episcopally minded, but they proceeded by all means to
+disturbe y^e peace of this poor persecuted church, even so farr as to
+charge (very unjustly, & ungodlily, yet prelatelike) some of their
+cheefe opposers, with rebellion & hightreason against y^e Emperour, &
+other such crimes.
+
+And this cont[=e]tion dyed not with queene Mary, nor was left beyonde
+y^e seas, but at her death these people returning into England under
+gracious queene Elizabeth, many of them being preferred to bishopricks &
+other promotions, according to their aimes and desires, that inveterate
+hatered against y^e holy discipline of Christ in his church hath
+continued to this day. In somuch that for fear [4] it should preveile,
+all plotts & devices have been used to keepe it out, incensing y^e
+queene & state against it as dangerous for y^e co[=m]on wealth; and that
+it was most needfull y^t y^e fundamentall poynts of Religion should be
+preached in those ignorante & superstitious times; and to wi[=n]e y^e
+weake & ignorante, they might retaine diverse harmles ceremoneis; and
+though it were to be wished y^t diverse things were reformed, yet this
+was not a season for it. And many the like, to stop y^e mouthes of y^e
+more godly, to bring them over to yeeld to one ceremoney after another,
+and one corruption after another; by these wyles begyleing some &
+corrupting others till at length they begane to persecute all y^e
+zealous professors in y^e land (though they knew little what this
+discipline mente) both by word & deed, if they would not submitte to
+their ceremonies, & become slaves to them & their popish trash, which
+have no ground in y^e word of God, but are relikes of y^t man of sine.
+And the more y^e light of y^e gospell grew, y^e more y^ey urged their
+subscriptions to these corruptions. So as (notwithstanding all their
+former pretences & fair colures) they whose eyes God had not justly
+blinded might easily see wherto these things tended. And to cast
+contempte the more upon y^e sincere servants of God, they opprobriously
+& most injuriously gave unto, & imposed upon them, that name of
+Puritans, which [it] is said the Novatians out of prid did assume &
+take unto themselves.[E] And lamentable it is to see y^e effects which
+have followed. Religion hath been disgraced, the godly greeved,
+afflicted, persecuted, and many exiled, sundrie have lost their lives in
+prisones & otherways. On the other hand, sin hath been countenanced,
+ignorance, profannes, & atheisme increased, & the papists encouraged to
+hope againe for a day.
+
+This made that holy man Mr. Perkins[F] crie out in his exhortation to
+repentance, upon Zeph. 2. _Religion_ (saith he) _hath been amongst us
+this 35. years; but the more it is published, the more it is contemned &
+reproached of many, &c. Thus not prophanes nor wickednes, but Religion
+it selfe is a byword, a moking-stock, & a matter of reproach; so that in
+England at this day the man or woman y^t begines to profes Religion, &
+to serve God, must resolve with him selfe to sustaine_ [5] _mocks &
+injueries even as though he lived amongst y^e enimies of Religion._ And
+this co[=m]one experience hath confirmed & made too apparente.
+
+_A late observation, as it were by the way, worthy to be Noted._[G]
+
+  Full litle did I thinke, y^t the downfall of y^e Bishops, with their
+  courts, cannons, & ceremonies, &c. had been so neare, when I first
+  begane these scribled writings (which was aboute y^e year 1630, and so
+  peeced up at times of leasure afterward), or that I should have lived
+  to have seene or heard of y^e same; but it is y^e Lords doing, and
+  ought to be marvelous in our eyes! Every plante which mine heavenly
+  father hath not planted (saith our Saviour) shall be rooted up. Mat:
+  15. 13.[H] I have snared the, and thou art taken, O Babell (Bishops),
+  and thou wast not aware; thou art found, and also caught, because thou
+  hast striven against the Lord. Jer. 50. 24. But will they needs strive
+  against y^e truth, against y^e servants of God; what, & against the
+  Lord him selfe? Doe they provoke the Lord to anger? Are they stronger
+  than he? 1. Cor: 10. 22. No, no, they have mete with their match.
+  Behold, I come unto y^e, O proud man, saith the Lord God of hosts; for
+  thy day is come, even the time that I will visite the. Jer: 50. 31.
+  May not the people of God now say (and these pore people among y^e
+  rest), The Lord hath brought forth our righteousnes; come, let us
+  declare in Sion the work of the Lord our God. Jer: 51. 10. Let all
+  flesh be still before the Lord; for he is raised up out of his holy
+  place. Zach: 2. 13.
+
+  In this case, these poore people may say (among y^e thousands of
+  Israll), _When the Lord brougt againe the captivite of Zion, we were
+  like them that dreame. Psa: 126. 1. The Lord hath done greate things
+  for us, wherof we rejoyce. v. 3. They that sow in teares, shall reap
+  in joye. They wente weeping, and carried precious seede, but they
+  shall returne with joye, and bring their sheaves, v. 5, 6._
+
+  Doe you not now see y^e fruits of your labours, O all yee servants of
+  y^e Lord that have suffered for his truth, and have been faithfull
+  witneses of y^e same, and yee litle handfull amongst y^e rest, y^e
+  least amongest y^e thousands of Israll? You have not only had a seede
+  time, but many of you have seene y^e joyefull harvest; should you not
+  then rejoyse, yea, and againe rejoyce, and say Hallelu-iah,
+  salvation, and glorie, and honour, and power, be to y^e Lord our God;
+  for true and righteous are his judgments. Rev. 19. 1, 2.
+
+  But thou wilte aske what is y^e mater? What is done? Why, art thou a
+  stranger in Israll, that thou shouldest not know what is done? Are not
+  those Jebusites overcome that have vexed the people of Israll so long,
+  even holding Jerusalem till Davids days, and been as thorns in their
+  sids, so many ages; and now begane to scorne that any David should
+  meadle with them; they begane to fortifie their tower, as that of the
+  old Babelonians; but those proud Anakimes are throwne downe, and their
+  glory laid in y^e dust. The tiranous bishops are ejected, their courts
+  dissolved, their cannons forceless, their servise casheired, their
+  ceremonies uselese and despised; their plots for popery prevented, and
+  all their superstitions discarded & returned to Roome from whence they
+  came, and y^e monuments of idolatrie rooted out of y^e land. And the
+  proud and profane suporters, and cruell defenders of these (as bloody
+  papists & wicked athists, and their malignante consorts) marvelously
+  over throwne. And are not these greate things? Who can deney it?
+
+  But who hath done it? Who, even he that siteth on y^e white horse, who
+  is caled faithfull, & true, and judgeth and fighteth righteously, Rev:
+  19. 11. whose garments are dipte in blood, and his name was caled the
+  word of God, v. 13. for he shall rule them with a rode of iron; for it
+  is he that treadeth the winepress of the feircenes and wrath of God
+  almighty. And he hath upon his garmente, and upon his thigh, a name
+  writen, The King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, v. 15, 16.
+
+  Hallelu-iah.
+
+  Anno Dom: 1646.
+
+But that I may come more near my intendmente; when as by the travell &
+diligence of some godly & zealous preachers, & Gods blessing on their
+labours, as in other places of y^e land, so in y^e North parts, many
+became inlightened by the word of God, and had their ignorance & sins
+discovered unto them, and begane by his grace to reforme their lives,
+and make conscience of their wayes, the worke of God was no sooner
+manifest in them, but presently they were both scoffed and scorned by
+y^e prophane multitude, and y^e ministers urged with y^e yoak of
+subscription, or els must be silenced; and y^e poore people were so
+vexed with apparators, & pursuants, & y^e comissarie courts, as truly
+their affliction was not smale; which, notwithstanding, they bore
+sundrie years with much patience, till they were occasioned (by y^e
+continuance & encrease of these troubls, and other means which the Lord
+raised up in those days) to see further into things by the light of y^e
+word of God. How not only these base and beggerly ceremonies were
+unlawfull, but also that y^e lordly & tiranous power of y^e prelats
+ought not to be submitted unto; which thus, contrary to the freedome of
+the gospell, would load & burden mens consciences, and by their
+compulsive power make a prophane mixture of persons & things in the
+worship of God. And that their offices & calings, courts & cannons, &c.
+were unlawfull and antichristian; being such as have no warrante in y^e
+word of God; but the same y^t were used in poperie, & still retained. Of
+which a famous author thus writeth in his Dutch co[=m]taries.[I] At the
+coming of king James into England; _The new king_ (saith he) _found
+their established y^e reformed religion, according to y^e reformed
+religion of king Edward y^e 6. Retaining, or keeping still y^e
+spirituall state of y^e Bishops, &c. after y^e ould maner, much varying
+& differing from y^e reformed churches in Scotland, France, & y^e
+Neatherlands, Embden, Geneva, &c. whose reformation is cut, or shapen
+much nerer y^e first Christian churches, as it was used in y^e Apostles
+times._[J]
+
+[6] So many therfore of these proffessors as saw y^e evill of these
+things, in thes parts, and whose harts y^e Lord had touched w^th
+heavenly zeale for his trueth, they shooke of this yoake of
+antichristian bondage, and as y^e Lords free people, joyned them selves
+(by a covenant of the Lord) into a church estate, in y^e felowship of
+y^e gospell, to walke in all his wayes, made known, or to be made known
+unto them, according to their best endeavours, whatsoever it should cost
+them, the Lord assisting them. And that it cost them something this
+ensewing historie will declare.
+
+These people became 2. distincte bodys or churches, & in regarde of
+distance of place did congregate severally; for they were of sundrie
+townes & vilages, some in Notingamshire, some of Lincollinshire, and
+some of Yorkshire, wher they border nearest togeather. In one of these
+churches (besids others of note) was Mr. John Smith, a man of able
+gifts, & a good preacher, who afterwards was chosen their pastor. But
+these afterwards falling into some errours in y^e Low Countries, ther
+(for y^e most part) buried them selves, & their names.
+
+But in this other church (w^ch must be y^e subjecte of our discourse)
+besids other worthy men, was M^r. Richard Clifton, a grave and
+rever[=e]d preacher, who by his paines and dilligens had done much good,
+and under God had ben a means of y^e conversion of many. And also that
+famous and worthy man M^r. John Robinson, who afterwards was their
+pastor for many years, till y^e Lord tooke him away by death. Also M^r.
+William Brewster a reverent man, who afterwards was chosen an elder of
+y^e church and lived with them till old age.
+
+But after these things they could not long continue in any peaceable
+condition, but were hunted & persecuted on every side, so as their
+former afflictions were but as flea-bitings in comparison of these which
+now came upon them. For some were taken & clapt up in prison, others had
+their houses besett & watcht night and day, & hardly escaped their
+hands; and y^e most were faine to flie & leave their howses &
+habitations, and the means of their livelehood. Yet these & many other
+sharper things which affterward befell them, were no other then they
+looked for, and therfore were y^e better prepared to bear them by y^e
+assistance of Gods grace & spirite. Yet seeing them selves thus
+molested, [7] and that ther was no hope of their continuance ther, by a
+joynte consente they resolved to goe into y^e Low-Countries, wher they
+heard was freedome of Religion for all men; as also how sundrie from
+London, & other parts of y^e land, had been exiled and persecuted for
+y^e same cause, & were gone thither, and lived at Amsterdam, & in other
+places of y^e land. So affter they had continued togeither aboute a
+year, and kept their meetings every Saboth in one place or other,
+exercising the worship of God amongst them selves, notwithstanding all
+y^e dilligence & malice of their adverssaries, they seeing they could no
+longer continue in y^t condition, they resolved to get over into
+Holl[=a]d as they could; which was in y^e year 1607. & 1608.; of which
+more at large in y^e next chap.
+
+
+
+
+2. Chap.
+
+_Of their departure into Holland and their troubls ther aboute, with
+some of the many difficulties they found and mete withall_.
+
+An^o. 1608.
+
+
+Being thus constrained to leave their native soyle and countrie, their
+lands & livings, and all their freinds & famillier acquaintance, it was
+much, and thought marvelous by many. But to goe into a countrie they
+knew not (but by hearsay), wher they must learne a new language, and get
+their livings they knew not how, it being a dear place, & subjecte to
+y^e misseries of warr, it was by many thought an adventure almost
+desperate, a case intolerable, & a misserie worse then death. Espetially
+seeing they were not aquainted with trads nor traffique, (by which y^t
+countrie doth subsiste,) but had only been used to a plaine countrie
+life, & y^e inocente trade of husbandrey. But these things did not
+dismay them (though they did some times trouble them) for their desires
+were sett on y^e ways of God, & to injoye his ordinances; but they
+rested on his providence, & knew whom they had beleeved. Yet [8] this
+was not all, for though they could not stay, yet were y^e not suffered
+to goe, but y^e ports and havens were shut against them, so as they were
+faine to seeke secrete means of conveance, & to bribe & fee y^e
+mariners, & give exterordinarie rates for their passages. And yet were
+they often times betrayed (many of them), and both they & their goods
+intercepted & surprised, and therby put to great trouble & charge, of
+which I will give an instance or tow, & omitte the rest.
+
+Ther was a large companie of them purposed to get passage at Boston in
+Lincoln-shire, and for that end had hired a shipe wholy to them selves,
+& made agreement with the maister to be ready at a certaine day, and
+take them and their goods in, at a conveniente place, wher they
+accordingly would all attende in readines. So after long waiting, &
+large expences, though he kepte not day with them, yet he came at
+length & tooke them in, in y^e night. But when he had them & their goods
+abord, he betrayed them, haveing before hand complotted with y^e
+serchers & other officers so to doe; who tooke them, and put them into
+open boats, & ther rifled & ransaked them, searching them to their
+shirts for money, yea even y^e women furder then became modestie; and
+then caried them back into y^e towne, & made them a spectackle & wonder
+to the multitude, which came flocking on all sids to behould them. Being
+thus first, by the chatch-poule officers, rifled, & stripte of their
+money, books, and much other goods, they were presented to y^e
+magestrates, and messengers sente to informe y^e lords of y^e Counsell
+of them; and so they were co[=m]ited to ward. Indeed y^e magestrats used
+them courteously, and shewed them what favour they could; but could not
+deliver them, till order came from y^e Counsell-table. But y^e issue was
+that after a months imprisonmente, y^e greatest parte were dismiste, &
+sent to y^e places from whence they came; but 7. of y^e principall were
+still kept in prison, and bound over to y^e Assises.
+
+The nexte spring after, ther was another attempte made by some of these
+& others, to get over at an other place. And it so fell out, that they
+light of a Dutchman at Hull, having a ship of his owne belonging to
+Zealand; they made agreemente with him, and acquainted [9] him with
+their condition, hoping to find more faithfullnes in him, then in y^e
+former of their owne nation. He bad them not fear, for he would doe well
+enough. He was by appointment to take them in betweene Grimsbe & Hull,
+wher was a large co[=m]one a good way distante from any towne. Now
+aganst the prefixed time, the women & children, with y^e goods, were
+sent to y^e place in a small barke, which they had hired for y^t end;
+and y^e men were to meete them by land. But it so fell out, that they
+were ther a day before y^e shipe came, & y^e sea being rough, and y^e
+women very sicke, prevailed with y^e seamen to put into a creeke hardby,
+wher they lay on ground at lowwater. The nexte morning y^e shipe came,
+but they were fast, & could not stir till aboute noone. In y^e mean
+time, y^e shipe maister, perceiveing how y^e matter was, sente his boate
+to be getting y^e men abord whom he saw ready, walking aboute y^e shore.
+But after y^e first boat full was gott abord, & she was ready to goe for
+more, the m^r espied a greate company, both horse & foote, with bills, &
+gunes, & other weapons; for y^e countrie was raised to take them. Y^e
+Dutch-man seeing y^t, swore his countries oath, "sacremente," and having
+y^e wind faire, waiged his Ancor, hoysed sayles, & away. But y^e poore
+men which were gott abord, were in great distress for their wives and
+children, which they saw thus to be taken, and were left destitute of
+their helps; and them selves also, not having a cloath to shifte them
+with, more then they had on their baks, & some scarce a peney aboute
+them, all they had being abord y^e barke. It drew tears from their eyes,
+and any thing they had they would have given to have been a shore
+againe; but all in vaine, ther was no remedy, they must thus sadly part.
+And afterward endured a fearfull storme at sea, being 14. days or more
+before y^ey arived at their porte, in 7. wherof they neither saw son,
+moone, nor stars, & were driven near y^e coast of Norway; the mariners
+them selves often despairing of life; and once with shriks & cries gave
+over all, as if y^e ship had been foundred in y^e sea, & they sinking
+without recoverie. But when mans hope & helpe wholy failed, y^e Lords
+power & mercie appeared in ther recoverie; for y^e ship rose againe, &
+gave y^e mariners courage againe to manage her. And if modestie woud
+suffer me, I might declare with what fervente [10] prayres they cried
+unto y^e Lord in this great distres, (espetialy some of them,) even
+without any great distraction, when y^e water rane into their mouthes &
+ears; & the mariners cried out, We sinke, we sinke; they cried (if not
+with mirakelous, yet with a great hight or degree of devine faith), Yet
+Lord thou canst save, yet Lord thou canst save; with shuch other
+expressions as I will forbeare. Upon which y^e ship did not only
+recover, but shortly after y^e violence of y^e storme begane to abate,
+and y^e Lord filed their afflicted minds with shuch comforts as every
+one ca[=n]ot understand, and in y^e end brought them to their desired
+Haven, wher y^e people came flockeing admiring their deliverance, the
+storme having ben so longe & sore, in which much hurt had been don, as
+y^e masters freinds related unto him in their congrattulations.
+
+But to returne to y^e others wher we left. The rest of y^e men y^t were
+in greatest danger, made shift to escape away before y^e troope could
+surprise them; those only staying y^t best might, to be assistante unto
+y^e women. But pitifull it was to see y^e heavie case of these poore
+women in this distress; what weeping & crying on every side, some for
+their husbands, that were caried away in y^e ship as is before related;
+others not knowing what should become of them, & their litle ones;
+others againe melted in teares, seeing their poore litle ones hanging
+aboute them, crying for feare, and quaking with could. Being thus
+aprehended, they were hurried from one place to another, and from one
+justice to another, till in y^e ende they knew not what to doe with
+them; for to imprison so many women & innocent children for no other
+cause (many of them) but that they must goe with their husbands, semed
+to be unreasonable and all would crie out of them; and to send them home
+againe was as difficult, for they aledged, as y^e trueth was, they had
+no homes to goe to, for they had either sould, or otherwise disposed of
+their houses & livings. To be shorte, after they had been thus turmolyed
+a good while, and conveyed from one constable to another, they were glad
+to be ridd of them in y^e end upon any termes; for all were wearied &
+tired with them. Though in y^e mean time they (poore soules) indured
+miserie enough; and thus in the end necessitie forste a way for them.
+
+But y^t I be not tedious in these things, I will omitte y^e rest, though
+I might relate many other notable passages and troubles which they
+endured & underwente in these their wanderings & travells both at land &
+sea; but I hast to [11] other things. Yet I may not omitte y^e fruite
+that came hearby, for by these so publick troubls, in so many eminente
+places, their cause became famouss, & occasioned many to looke into y^e
+same; and their godly cariage & Christian behaviour was such as left a
+deep impression in the minds of many. And though some few shrunk at
+these first conflicts & sharp beginings, (as it was no marvell,) yet
+many more came on with fresh courage, & greatly animated others. And in
+y^e end, notwithstanding all these stormes of oppossition, they all gatt
+over at length, some at one time & some at an other, and some in one
+place & some in an other, and mette togeather againe according to their
+desires, with no small rejoycing.
+
+
+
+
+The 3. Chap.
+
+_Of their setling in Holand, & their maner of living, & entertainmente
+ther._
+
+
+Being now come into y^e Low Countries, they saw many goodly & fortified
+cities, strongly walled and garded with troopes of armed men. Also they
+heard a strange & uncouth language, and beheld y^e differente ma[=n]ers
+& customes of y^e people, with their strange fashons and attires; all so
+farre differing from y^t of their plaine countrie villages (wherin they
+were bred, & had so longe lived) as it seemed they were come into a new
+world. But these were not y^e things they much looked on, or long tooke
+up their thoughts; for they had other work in hand, & an other kind of
+warr to wage & maintaine. For though they saw faire & bewtifull cities,
+flowing with abundance of all sorts of welth & riches, yet it was not
+longe before they saw the gri[=m]e & grisly face of povertie coming upon
+them like an armed man, with whom they must bukle & incounter, and from
+whom they could not flye; but they were armed with faith & patience
+against him, and all his encounters; and though they were sometimes
+foyled, yet by Gods assistance they prevailed and got y^e victorie.
+
+Now when M^r. Robinson, M^r. Brewster, & other principall members were
+come over, (for they were of y^e last, & stayed to help y^e weakest
+over before them,) such things were [12] thought on as were necessarie
+for their setling and best ordering of y^e church affairs. And when they
+had lived at Amsterdam aboute a year, M^r. Robinson, their pastor, and
+some others of best discerning, seeing how M^r. John Smith and his
+companie was allready fallen in to contention with y^e church y^t was
+ther before them, & no means they could use would doe any good to cure
+y^e same, and also that y^e flames of contention were like to breake out
+in y^t anciente church it selfe (as affterwards lamentably came to
+pass); which things they prudently foreseeing, thought it was best to
+remove, before they were any way engaged with y^e same; though they well
+knew it would be much to y^e prejudice of their outward estats, both at
+presente & in licklyhood in y^e future; as indeed it proved to be.
+
+_Their remoovall to Leyden._
+
+For these & some other reasons they removed to Leyden, a fair &
+bewtifull citie, and of a sweete situation, but made more famous by y^e
+universitie wherwith it is adorned, in which of late had been so many
+learned men. But wanting that traffike by sea which Amsterdam injoyes,
+it was not so beneficiall for their outward means of living & estats.
+But being now hear pitchet they fell to such trads & imployments as they
+best could; valewing peace & their spirituall comforte above any other
+riches whatsoever. And at lenght they came to raise a competente &
+comforteable living, but with hard and continuall labor.
+
+Being thus setled (after many difficulties) they continued many years in
+a comfortable condition, injoying much sweete & delightefull societie &
+spirituall comforte togeather in y^e wayes of God, under y^e able
+ministrie, and prudente governmente of M^r. John Robinson, & M^r.
+William Brewster, who was an assistante unto him in y^e place of an
+Elder, unto which he was now called & chosen by the church. So as they
+grew in knowledge & other gifts & graces of y^e spirite of God, & lived
+togeather in peace, & love, and holines; and many came unto them from
+diverse parts of England, so as they grew a great congregation. And if
+at any time any differences arose, or offences broak[13] out (as it
+cannot be, but some time ther will, even amongst y^e best of men) they
+were ever so mete with, and nipt in y^e head betims, or otherwise so
+well composed, as still love, peace, and communion was continued; or els
+y^e church purged of those that were incurable & incorrigible, when,
+after much patience used, no other means would serve, which seldom came
+to pass. Yea such was y^e mutuall love, & reciprocall respecte that this
+worthy man had to his flocke, and his flocke to him, that it might be
+said of them as it once was of y^t famouse Emperour Marcus Aurelious,[K]
+and y^e people of Rome, that it was hard to judge wheather he delighted
+more in haveing shuch a people, or they in haveing such a pastor. His
+love was greate towards them, and his care was all ways bente for their
+best good, both for soule and body; for besids his singuler abilities in
+devine things (wherin he excelled), he was also very able to give
+directions in civill affaires, and to foresee dangers & inconveniences;
+by w^ch means he was very helpfull to their outward estats, & so was
+every way as a commone father unto them. And none did more offend him
+then those that were close and cleaving to them selves, and retired from
+y^e comm[=o]e good; as also such as would be stiffe & riged in matters
+of outward order, and invey against y^e evills of others, and yet be
+remisse in them selves, and not so carefull to express a vertuous
+conversation. They in like maner had ever a reverente regard unto him, &
+had him in precious estimation, as his worth & wisdom did deserve; and
+though they esteemed him highly whilst he lived & laboured amongst them,
+yet much more after his death, when they came to feele y^e wante of his
+help, and saw (by woefull experience) what a treasure they had lost, to
+y^e greefe of their harts, and wounding of their sowls; yea such a loss
+as they saw could not be repaired; for it was as hard for them to find
+such another leader and feeder in all respects, as for y^e Taborits to
+find another Ziska. And though they did not call themselves orphans, as
+the other did, after his death, yet they had cause as much to lamente,
+in another regard, their present condition, and after usage. But to
+returne; I know not but it may be spoken to y^e honour of God, & without
+prejudice [14] to any, that such was y^e true pietie, y^e humble zeale,
+& fervent love, of this people (whilst they thus lived together) towards
+God and his waies, and y^e single hartednes & sinceir affection one
+towards another, that they came as near y^e primative patterne of y^e
+first churches, as any other church of these later times have done,
+according to their ranke & qualitie.
+
+But seeing it is not my purpose to treat of y^e severall passages that
+befell this people whilst they thus lived in y^e Low Countries, (which
+might worthily require a large treatise of it selfe,) but to make way to
+shew y^e begining of this plantation, which is that I aime at; yet
+because some of their adversaries did, upon y^e rumore of their
+removall, cast out slanders against them, as if that state had been
+wearie of them, & had rather driven them out (as y^e heathen historians
+did faine of Moyses & y^e Isralits when they went out of Egipte), then
+y^t it was their owne free choyse & motion, I will therfore mention a
+perticuler or too to shew y^e contrary, and the good acceptation they
+had in y^e place wher they lived. And first though many of them weer
+poore, yet ther was none so poore, but if they were known to be of y^t
+congregation, the _Dutch_ (either bakers or others) would trust them in
+any reasonable matter when y^ey wanted money. Because they had found by
+experience how carfull they were to keep their word, and saw them so
+painfull & dilligente in their callings; yea, they would strive to gett
+their custome, and to imploy them above others, in their worke, for
+their honestie & diligence.
+
+Againe; y^e magistrats of y^e citie, aboute y^e time of their coming
+away, or a litle before, in y^e publick place of justice, gave this
+comendable testemoney of them, in y^e reproofe of the Wallons, who were
+of y^e French church in y^t citie. These English, said they, have lived
+amongst us now this 12. years, and yet we never had any sute or
+accusation came against any of them; but your strifs & quarels are
+continuall, &c. In these times allso were y^e great troubls raised by
+y^e Arminians, who, as they greatly mollested y^e whole state, so this
+citie in particuler, in which was y^e cheefe universitie; so as ther
+were dayly & hote disputs in y^e schooles ther aboute; and as y^he
+studients & other lerned were devided in their oppinions hearin, so were
+y^e 2. proffessors or devinitie readers them selves; the one daly
+teaching for it, y^e other against it. Which grew to that pass, that few
+of the discipls of y^e one would hear y^e other teach. But M^r.
+Robinson, though he taught thrise a weeke him selfe, & write sundrie
+books, besids his manyfould pains otherwise, yet he went constantly [15]
+to hear ther readings, and heard y^e one as well as y^e other; by which
+means he was so well grounded in y^e controversie, and saw y^e force of
+all their arguments, and knew y^e shifts of y^e adversarie, and being
+him selfe very able, none was fitter to buckle with them then him selfe,
+as appered by sundrie disputs; so as he begane to be terrible to y^e
+Arminians; which made Episcopius (y^e Arminian professor) to put forth
+his best stringth, and set forth sundrie Theses, which by publick
+dispute he would defend against all men. Now Poliander y^e other
+proffessor, and y^e cheefe preachers of y^e citie, desired M^r. Robinson
+to dispute against him; but he was loath, being a stranger; yet the
+other did importune him, and tould him y^t such was y^e abilitie and
+nimblnes of y^e adversarie, that y^e truth would suffer if he did not
+help them. So as he condescended, & prepared him selfe against the time;
+and when y^e day came, the Lord did so help him to defend y^e truth &
+foyle this adversarie, as he put him to an apparent nonplus, in this
+great & publike audience. And y^e like he did a 2. or 3. time, upon such
+like occasions. The which as it caused many to praise God y^t the trueth
+had so famous victory, so it procured him much honour & respecte from
+those lerned men & others which loved y^e trueth. Yea, so farr were they
+from being weary of him & his people, or desiring their absence, as it
+was said by some, of no mean note, that were it not for giveing offence
+to y^e state of England, they would have preferd him otherwise if he
+would, and alowd them some publike favour. Yea when ther was speech of
+their remoovall into these parts, sundrie of note & eminencie of y^t
+nation would have had them come under them, and for y^t end made them
+large offers. Now though I might aledg many other perticulers & examples
+of the like kinde, to shew y^e untruth & unlicklyhode of this slander,
+yet these shall suffice, seeing it was beleeved of few, being only
+raised by y^e malice of some, who laboured their disgrace.
+
+
+
+
+The 4. Chap.
+
+_Showing y^e reasons & causes of their remoovall._
+
+
+After they had lived in this citie about some 11. or 12. years, (which
+is y^e more observable being y^e whole time of y^t famose truce between
+that state & y^e Spaniards,) and sundrie of them were taken away by
+death, & many others begane to be well striken in years, the grave
+mistris Experience haveing taught them many things, [16] those prudent
+governours with sundrie of y^e sagest members begane both deeply to
+apprehend their present dangers, & wisely to foresee y^e future, &
+thinke of timly remedy. In y^e agitation of their thoughts, and much
+discours of things hear aboute, at length they began to incline to this
+conclusion, of remoovall to some other place. Not out of any
+newfanglednes, or other such like giddie humor, by which men are
+oftentimes transported to their great hurt & danger, but for sundrie
+weightie & solid reasons; some of y^e cheefe of which I will hear
+breefly touch. And first, they saw & found by experience the hardnes of
+y^e place & countrie to be such, as few in comparison would come to
+them, and fewer that would bide it out, and continew with them. For many
+y^t came to them, and many more y^t desired to be with them, could not
+endure y^t great labor and hard fare, with other inconveniences which
+they underwent & were contented with. But though they loved their
+persons, approved their cause, and honoured their sufferings, yet they
+left them as it weer weeping, as Orpah did her mother in law Naomie, or
+as those Romans did Cato in Utica, who desired to be excused & borne
+with, though they could not all be Catoes. For many, though they desired
+to injoye y^e ordinances of God in their puritie, and y^e libertie of
+the gospell with them, yet, alass, they admitted of bondage, with danger
+of conscience, rather then to indure these hardships; yea, some
+preferred & chose y^e prisons in England, rather then this libertie in
+Holland, with these afflictions. But it was thought that if a better and
+easier place of living could be had, it would draw many, & take away
+these discouragments. Yea, their pastor would often say, that many of
+those w^o both wrate & preached now against them, if they were in a
+place wher they might have libertie and live comfortably, they would
+then practise as they did.
+
+2^ly. They saw that though y^e people generally bore all these
+difficulties very cherfully, & with a resolute courage, being in y^e
+best & strength of their years, yet old age began to steale on many of
+them, (and their great & continuall labours, with other crosses and
+sorrows, hastened it before y^e time,) so as it was not only probably
+thought, but apparently seen, that within a few years more they would be
+in danger to scatter, by necessities pressing them, or sinke under their
+burdens, or both. And therfore according to y^e devine proverb, y^t a
+wise man seeth y^e plague when it cometh, & hideth him selfe, Pro. 22.
+3., so they like skillfull & beaten souldiers were fearfull either to be
+intrapped or surrounded by their enimies, so as they should neither be
+able to fight nor flie; and therfor thought it better to dislodge
+betimes to some place of better advantage & less danger, if any such
+could be found. [16] Thirdly; as necessitie was a taskmaster over them,
+so they were forced to be such, not only to their servants, but in a
+sorte, to their dearest chilldren; the which as it did not a litle wound
+y^e tender harts of many a loving father & mother, so it produced
+likwise sundrie sad & sorowful effects. For many of their children, that
+were of best dispositions and gracious inclinations, haveing lernde to
+bear y^e yoake in their youth, and willing to bear parte of their
+parents burden, were, often times, so oppressed with their hevie
+labours, that though their minds were free and willing, yet their bodies
+bowed under y^e weight of y^e same, and became decreped in their early
+youth; the vigor of nature being consumed in y^e very budd as it were.
+But that which was more lamentable, and of all sorowes most heavie to be
+borne, was that many of their children, by these occasions, and y^e
+great licentiousnes of youth in y^t countrie, and y^e manifold
+temptations of the place, were drawne away by evill examples into
+extravagante & dangerous courses, getting y^e raines off their neks, &
+departing from their parents. Some became souldiers, others tooke upon
+them farr viages by sea, and other some worse courses, tending to
+dissolutnes & the danger of their soules, to y^e great greefe of their
+parents and dishonour of God. So that they saw their posteritie would be
+in danger to degenerate & be corrupted.
+
+Lastly, (and which was not least,) a great hope & inward zeall they had
+of laying some good foundation, or at least to make some way therunto,
+for y^e propagating & advancing y^e gospell of y^e kingdom of Christ in
+those remote parts of y^e world; yea, though they should be but even as
+stepping-stones unto others for y^e performing of so great a work.
+
+These, & some other like reasons, moved them to undertake this
+resolution of their removall; the which they afterward prosecuted with
+so great difficulties, as by the sequell will appeare.
+
+The place they had thoughts on was some of those vast & unpeopled
+countries of America, which are frutfull & fitt for habitation, being
+devoyd of all civill inhabitants, wher ther are only salvage & brutish
+men, which range up and downe, litle otherwise then y^e wild beasts of
+the same. This proposition being made publike and coming to y^e scaning
+of all, it raised many variable opinions amongst men, and caused many
+fears & doubts amongst them selves. Some, from their reasons & hops
+conceived, laboured to stirr up & incourage the rest to undertake &
+prosecute y^e same; others, againe, out of their fears, objected against
+it, & sought to diverte from it, aledging many things, and those neither
+unreasonable nor unprobable; as that it was a great designe, and
+subjecte to many unconceivable perills & dangers; as, besids the
+casulties of y^e seas (which none can be freed from) the length of y^e
+vioage was such, as y^e weake bodys of women and other persons worne out
+with age & traville (as many of them were) could never be able to
+endure. And yet if they should, the miseries of y^e land which they
+should be [17] exposed unto, would be to hard to be borne; and lickly,
+some or all of them togeither, to consume & utterly to ruinate them. For
+ther they should be liable to famine, and nakednes, & y^e wante, in a
+maner, of all things. The chang of aire, diate, & drinking of water,
+would infecte their bodies with sore sickneses, and greevous diseases.
+And also those which should escape or overcome these difficulties,
+should yett be in continuall danger of y^e salvage people, who are
+cruell, barbarous, & most trecherous, being most furious in their rage,
+and merciles wher they overcome; not being contente only to kill, & take
+away life, but delight to tormente men in y^e most bloodie ma[=n]er that
+may be; fleaing some alive with y^e shells of fishes, cutting of y^e
+members & joynts of others by peesmeale, and broiling on y^e coles, eate
+y^e collops of their flesh in their sight whilst they live; with other
+cruelties horrible to be related. And surely it could not be thought but
+y^e very hearing of these things could not but move y^e very bowels of
+men to grate within them, and make y^e weake to quake & tremble. It was
+furder objected, that it would require greater su[=m]es of money to
+furnish such a voiage, and to fitt them with necessaries, then their
+consumed estats would amounte too; and yett they must as well looke to
+be seconded with supplies, as presently to be tr[=a]sported. Also many
+presidents of ill success, & lamentable misseries befalne others in the
+like designes, were easie to be found, and not forgotten to be aledged;
+besids their owne experience, in their former troubles & hardships in
+their removall into Holand, and how hard a thing it was for them to live
+in that strange place, though it was a neighbour countrie, & a civill
+and rich comone wealth.
+
+It was answered, that all great & honourable actions are accompanied
+with great difficulties, and must be both enterprised and overcome with
+answerable courages. It was granted y^e dangers were great, but not
+desperate; the difficulties were many, but not invincible. For though
+their were many of them likly, yet they were not cartaine; it might be
+sundrie of y^e things feared might never befale; others by providente
+care & y^e use of good means, might in a great measure be prevented; and
+all of them, through y^e help of God, by fortitude and patience, might
+either be borne, or overcome. True it was, that such atempts were not to
+be made and undertaken without good ground & reason; not rashly or
+lightly as many have done for curiositie or hope of gaine, &c. But their
+condition was not ordinarie; their ends were good & honourable; their
+calling lawfull, & urgente; and therfore they might expecte y^e blessing
+of God in their proceding. Yea, though they should loose their lives in
+this action, yet might they have comforte in the same, and their
+endeavors would be honourable. They lived hear but as men in exile, & in
+a poore condition; and as great miseries might possibly befale them in
+this place, for y^e 12. years of truce were now out, & ther was nothing
+but beating of drumes, and preparing for warr, the events wherof are
+allway uncertaine. Y^e Spaniard might prove as cruell as [18] the
+salvages of America, and y^e famine and pestelence as sore hear as ther,
+& their libertie less to looke out for remedie. After many other
+perticuler things answered & aledged on both sids, it was fully
+concluded by y^e major parte, to put this designe in execution, and to
+prosecute it by the best means they could.
+
+
+
+
+The 5. Chap.
+
+_Shewing what means they used for preparation to this waightie vioag._
+
+
+And first after thir humble praiers unto God for his direction &
+assistance, & a generall conferrence held hear aboute, they consulted
+what perticuler place to pitch upon, & prepare for. Some (& none of y^e
+meanest) had thoughts & were ernest for Guiana, or some of those fertill
+places in those hott climats; others were for some parts of Virginia,
+wher y^e English had all ready made enterance, & begining. Those for
+Guiana aledged that the cuntrie was rich, fruitfull, & blessed with a
+perpetuall spring, and a florishing greenes; where vigorous nature
+brought forth all things in abundance & plentie without any great labour
+or art of man. So as it must needs make y^e inhabitants rich, seing less
+provisions of clothing and other things would serve, then in more
+coulder & less frutfull countries must be had. As also y^t the Spaniards
+(having much more then they could possess) had not yet planted there,
+nor any where very near y^e same. But to this it was answered, that out
+of question y^e countrie was both frutfull and pleasante, and might
+yeeld riches & maintenance to y^e possessors, more easily then y^e
+other; yet, other things considered, it would not be so fitt for them.
+And first, y^t such hott countries are subject to greevuos diseases,
+and many noysome impediments, which other more temperate places are
+freer from, and would not so well agree with our English bodys. Againe,
+if they should ther live, & doe well, the jealous Spaniard would never
+suffer them long, but would displante or overthrow them, as he did y^e
+French in Florida, who were seated furder from his richest countries;
+and the sooner because they should have none to protect them, & their
+owne strength would be too smale to resiste so potent an enemie, & so
+neare a neighbor.
+
+On y^e other hand, for Virginia it was objected, that if they lived
+among y^e English w^ch wear ther planted, or so near them as to be under
+their goverment, they should be in as great danger to be troubled and
+persecuted for the cause of religion, as if they lived in England, and
+it might be worse. And if they lived too farr of, they should neither
+have succour, nor defence from them.
+
+But at length y^e conclusion was, to live as a distincte body by them
+selves, under y^e generall Goverment of Virginia; and by their freinds
+to sue to his majestie that he would be pleased to grant them freedome
+of Religion; and y^t this might be obtained, they wear putt in good hope
+by some great persons, of good ranke & qualitie, that were made their
+freinds. Whereupon 2. were chosen [19] & sent in to England (at y^e
+charge of y^e rest) to sollicite this matter, who found the Virginia
+Company very desirous to have them goe thither, and willing to grante
+them a patent, with as ample priviliges as they had, or could grant to
+any, and to give them the best furderance they could. And some of y^e
+cheefe of y^t company douted not to obtaine their suite of y^e king for
+liberty in Religion, and to have it confirmed under y^e kings broad
+seale, according to their desires. But it prooved a harder peece of
+worke then they tooke it for; for though many means were used to bring
+it aboute, yet it could not be effected; for ther were diverse of good
+worth laboured with the king to obtaine it, (amongst whom was one of his
+cheefe secretaries,[L]) and some other wrought with y^e archbishop to
+give way therunto; but it proved all in vaine. Yet thus farr they
+prevailed, in sounding his majesties mind, that he would connive at
+them, & not molest them, provided they carried them selves peacably. But
+to allow or tolerate them by his publick authoritie, under his seale,
+they found it would not be. And this was all the cheefe of y^e Virginia
+companie or any other of their best freinds could doe in the case. Yet
+they perswaded them to goe on, for they presumed they should not be
+troubled. And with this answer y^e messengers returned, and signified
+what diligence had bene used, and to what issue things were come.
+
+But this made a dampe in y^e busines, and caused some distraction, for
+many were afraid that if they should unsetle them selves, & put of their
+estates, and goe upon these hopes, it might prove dangerous, and but a
+sandie foundation. Yea, it was thought they might better have presumed
+hear upon without makeing any suite at all, then, haveing made it, to be
+thus rejected. But some of y^e cheefest thought other wise, and y^t they
+might well proceede hereupon, & that y^e kings majestie was willing
+enough to suffer them without molestation, though for other reasons he
+would not confirme it by any publick acte. And furdermore, if ther was
+no securitie in this promise intimated, ther would be no great certainty
+in a furder confirmation of y^e same; for if after wards ther should be
+a purpose or desire to wrong them, though they had a seale as broad as
+y^e house flore, it would not serve y^e turne; for ther would be means
+enew found to recall or reverse it. Seeing therfore the course was
+probable, they must rest herein on Gods providence, as they had done in
+other things.
+
+Upon this resolution, other messengers were dispatched, to end with y^e
+Virginia Company as well as they could. And to procure [20] a patent
+with as good and ample conditions as they might by any good means
+obtaine. As also to treate and conclude with such merchants and other
+freinds as had manifested their forwardnes to provoke too and adventure
+in this vioage. For which end they had instructions given them upon
+what conditions they should proceed with them, or els to conclude
+nothing without further advice. And here it will be requisite to inserte
+a letter or too that may give light to these proceedings.
+
+_A coppie of leter from Sir Edwin Sands, directed to M^r. John Robinson
+& M^r. William Brewster._
+
+  After my hartie salutations. The agents of your congregation, Robert
+  Cushman & John Carver, have been in co[=m]unication with diverse
+  selecte gentlemen of his Majesties Counsell for Virginia; and by y^e
+  writing of 7. Articles subscribed with your names, have given them y^t
+  good degree of satisfaction, which hath caried them on with a
+  resolution to sett forward your desire in y^e best sorte y^t may be,
+  for your owne & the publick good. Divers perticulers wherof we leave
+  to their faithfull reporte; having carried them selves heere with that
+  good discretion, as is both to their owne and their credite from
+  whence they came. And wheras being to treate for a multitude of
+  people, they have requested further time to conferr with them that are
+  to be interessed in this action, aboute y^e severall particularities
+  which in y^e prosecution therof will fall out considerable, it hath
+  been very willingly assented too. And so they doe now returne unto
+  you. If therfore it may please God so to directe your desires as that
+  on your parts ther fall out no just impediments, I trust by y^e same
+  direction it shall likewise appear, that on our parte, all forwardnes
+  to set you forward shall be found in the best sorte which with reason
+  may be expected. And so I betake you with this designe (w^ch I hope
+  verily is y^e worke of God), to the gracious protection and blessing
+  of the Highest.
+
+  Your very loving freind
+  EDWIN SANDYS.
+
+  London, No[~v]b^r 12.
+  An^o 1617.
+
+_Their answer was as foloweth._
+
+  Righte Wor^pl:
+
+  Our humble duties remembred, in our owne, our messengers, and our
+  churches name, with all thankfull acknowledgmente of your singuler
+  love, expressing [21] itselfe, as otherwise, so more spetially in your
+  great care and earnest endeavor of our good in this weightie bussines
+  aboute Virginia, which y^e less able we are to requite, we shall
+  thinke our selves the more bound to commend in our prayers unto God
+  for recompence; whom, as for y^e presente you rightly behould in our
+  indeavors, so shall we not be wanting on our parts (the same God
+  assisting us) to returne all answerable fruite, and respecte unto y^e
+  labour of your love bestowed upon us. We have with y^e best speed and
+  consideration withall that we could, sett downe our requests in
+  writing, subscribed, as you willed, w^th the hands of y^e greatest
+  parte of our congregation, and have sente y^e same unto y^e Counsell
+  by our agente, & a deacon of our church, John Carver, unto whom we
+  have also requested a gentleman of our company to adyone him selfe; to
+  the care & discretion of which two, we doe referr y^e prosecuting of
+  y^e bussines. Now we perswade our selves Right Wor^pp: that we need
+  not provoke your godly & loving minde to any further or more tender
+  care of us, since you have pleased so farr to interest us in your
+  selfe, that, under God, above all persons and things in the world, we
+  relye upon you, expecting the care of your love, counsell of your
+  wisdome, & the help & countenance of your authority. Notwithstanding,
+  for your encouragmente in y^e worke, so farr as probabilities may
+  leade, we will not forbeare to mention these instances of indusmente.
+
+  1. We veryly beleeve & trust y^e Lord is with us, unto whom & whose
+  service we have given our selves in many trialls; and that he will
+  graciously prosper our indeavours according to y^e simplicitie of our
+  harts therin.
+
+  2^ly. We are well weaned from y^e delicate milke of our mother
+  countrie, and enured to y^e difficulties of a strange and hard land,
+  which yet in a great parte we have by patience overcome.
+
+  3^ly. The people are for the body of them, industrious, & frugall, we
+  thinke we may safly say, as any company of people in the world.
+
+  4^ly. We are knite togeather as a body in a most stricte & sacred bond
+  and covenante of the Lord, of the violation[M] wherof we make great
+  conscience, and by vertue wherof we doe hould our selves straitly tied
+  to all care of each others good, and of y^e whole by every one and so
+  mutually.
+
+  5. Lastly, it is not with us as with other men, whom small things can
+  discourage, or small discontentments cause to wish them selves at home
+  againe. We knowe our entertainmente in England, and in Holand; we
+  shall much prejudice both our arts & means by removall; who, if we
+  should be driven to returne, we should not hope to recover our present
+  helps and comforts, neither indeed looke ever, for our selves, to
+  attaine unto y^e like in any other place during our lives, w^ch are
+  now drawing towards their periods.
+
+  [22] These motives we have been bould to tender unto you, which you
+  in your wisdome may also imparte to any other our wor^pp: freinds of
+  y^e Counsell with you; of all whose godly dispossition and loving
+  towards our despised persons, we are most glad, & shall not faile by
+  all good means to continue & increase y^e same. We will not be further
+  troublesome, but doe, with y^e renewed remembrance of our humble
+  duties to your Wor^pp: and (so farr as in modestie we may be bould) to
+  any other of our wellwillers of the Counsell with you, we take our
+  leaves, co[=m]iting your persons and counsels to y^e guidance and
+  direction of the Almighty.
+
+  Yours much bounden in all duty,
+  JOHN ROBINSON,
+  WILLIAM BREWSTER.
+
+  Leyden, Desem: 15.
+  An^o: 1617.
+
+For further light in these proceedings see some other letters & notes as
+followeth.
+
+_The coppy of a letter sent to S^r. John Worssenham._
+
+  Right Wor^pll: with due acknowledgmente of our thankfullnse for your
+  singular care & pains in the bussines of Virginia, for our, &, we
+  hope, the co[=m]one good, we doe remember our humble dutys unto you,
+  and have sent inclosed, as is required, a further explanation of our
+  judgments in the 3. points specified by some of his majesties Hon^bl
+  Privie Counsell; and though it be greevious unto us that such unjust
+  insinuations are made against us, yet we are most glad of y^e occasion
+  of making our just purgation unto so honourable personages. The
+  declarations we have sent inclosed, the one more breefe & generall,
+  which we thinke y^e fitter to be presented; the other something more
+  large, and in which we express some smale accidentall differances,
+  which if it seeme good unto you and other of our wor^pl freinds, you
+  may send in stead of y^e former. Our prayers unto God is, y^t your
+  Wor^pp may see the frute of your worthy endeaours, which on our parts
+  we shall not faile to furder by all good means in us. And so praing
+  y^t you would please with y^e convenientest speed y^t may be, to give
+  us knowledge of y^e success of y^e bussines with his majesties Privie
+  Counsell, and accordingly what your further pleasure is, either for
+  our direction or furtherance in y^e same, so we rest
+
+  Your Wor^pp in all duty,
+  JOHN ROBINSON,
+  WILLIAM BREWSTER.
+
+  Leyden, Jan: 27.
+  An^o: 1617. old stile.
+
+_The first breefe note was this._
+
+  Touching y^e Ecclesiasticall ministrie, namly of pastores for
+  teaching, elders for ruling, & deacons for distributing y^e churches
+  contribution, as allso for y^e too Sacrements, baptisme, and y^e Lords
+  supper, we doe wholy and in all points agree [23] with y^e French
+  reformed churches, according to their publick confession of faith.
+
+  The oath of Supremacie we shall willingly take if it be required of
+  us, and that conveniente satisfaction be not given by our taking y^e
+  oath of Alleagence.
+
+  JOHN ROB:
+  WILLIAM BREWSTER.
+
+_Y^e 2. was this._
+
+  Touching y^e Ecclesiasticall ministrie, &c. as in y^e former, we agree
+  in all things with the French reformed churches, according to their
+  publick confession of faith; though some small differences be to be
+  found in our practises, not at all in y^e substance of the things, but
+  only in some accidentall circumstances.
+
+  1. As first, their ministers doe pray with their heads covered; ours
+  uncovered.
+
+  2. We chose none for Governing Elders but such as are able to teach;
+  which abilitie they doe not require.
+
+  3. Their elders & deacons are an[=u]all, or at most for 2. or 3.
+  years; ours perpetuall.
+
+  4. Our elders doe administer their office in admonitions &
+  excommunications for publick scandals, publickly & before y^e
+  congregation; theirs more privately, & in their consistories.
+
+  5. We doe administer baptisme only to such infants as wherof y^e one
+  parente, at y^e least, is of some church, which some of ther churches
+  doe not observe; though in it our practice accords with their publick
+  confession and y^e judgmente of y^e most larned amongst them.
+
+  Other differences, worthy mentioning, we know none in these points.
+  Then aboute y^e oath, as in y^e former.
+
+  Subscribed,
+  JOHN R.
+  W. B.
+
+_Part of another letter from him that delivered these._
+
+  London. Feb: 14.
+  1617.
+
+  Your letter to S^r. John Worstenholme I delivered allmost as soone as
+  I had it, to his owne hands, and staid with him y^e opening & reading.
+  Ther were 2. papers inclosed, he read them to him selfe, as also y^e
+  letter, and in y^e reading he spake to me & said, Who shall make them?
+  viz. y^e ministers; I answered his Wor^pp that y^e power of making was
+  in y^e church, to be ordained by y^e imposition of hands, by y^e
+  fittest instruments they had. It must either be in y^e church or from
+  y^e pope, & y^e pope is Antichrist. Ho! said S^r. John, what y^e pope
+  houlds good, (as in y^e Trinitie,) that we doe well to assente too;
+  but, said he, we will not enter into dispute now. And as for your
+  letters he would not show them at any hand, least he should spoyle
+  all. He expected you should have been of y^e archb[~p] minde for y^e
+  calling of ministers, but it seems you differed. I could have wished
+  to have known y^e contents of your tow inclosed, at w^ch he stuck so
+  much, espetially y^e larger. I asked his Wor^p what good news he had
+  for me to write to morrow. He tould me very good news, for both the
+  kings majestie and y^e bishops have consented. He said he would goe to
+  M^r. Chancelor, S^r. Fulk Grivell, as this day, & nexte weeke I should
+  know more. I mett S^r. Edw: Sands on Wedensday night; he wished me to
+  be at the Virginia Courte y^e nexte Wedensday, wher I purpose to be.
+  Thus loath to be troublsome at present, I hope to have somewhate nexte
+  week of certentie concerning you. I co[=m]itte you to y^e Lord. Yours,
+
+  S. B.
+
+[24] These things being long in agitation, & messengers passing too and
+againe aboute them, after all their hopes they were long delayed by many
+rubs that fell in y^e way; for at y^e returne of these messengers into
+England they found things farr otherwise then they expected. For y^e
+Virginia Counsell was now so disturbed with factions and quarrels
+amongst them selves, as no bussines could well goe forward. The which
+may the better appear in one of the messengers letters as followeth.
+
+  To his loving freinds, &c.
+
+  I had thought long since to have write unto you, but could not effecte
+  y^t which I aimed at, neither can yet sett things as I wished; yet,
+  notwithstanding, I doubt not but M^r. B. hath writen to M^r. Robinson.
+  But I thinke my selfe bound also to doe something, least I be thought
+  to neglecte you. The maine hinderance of our proseedings in y^e
+  Virginia bussines, is the dissentions and factions, as they terme it,
+  amongs y^e Counsell & Company of Virginia; which are such, as that
+  ever since we came up no busines could by them be dispatched. The
+  occasion of this trouble amongst them is, for that a while since S^r.
+  Thomas Smith, repining at his many offices & troubls, wished y^e
+  Company of Virginia to ease him of his office in being Treasurer &
+  Gover^r. of y^e Virginia Company. Wereupon y^e Company tooke occasion
+  to dismisse him, and chose S^r. Edwin Sands Treasure^r & Gover^r of
+  y^e Company. He having 60. voyces, S^r. John Worstenholme 16. voices,
+  and Alderman Johnsone 24. But S^r. Thomas Smith, when he saw some
+  parte of his honour lost, was very angrie, & raised a faction to
+  cavill & contend aboute y^e election, and sought to taxe S^r. Edwin
+  with many things that might both disgrace him, and allso put him by
+  his office of Governour. In which contentions they yet stick, and are
+  not fit nor readie to intermedle in any bussines; and what issue
+  things will come to we are not yet certaine. It is most like S^r.
+  Edwin will carrie it away, and if he doe, things will goe well in
+  Virginia; if otherwise, they will goe ill enough allways. We hope in
+  some 2. or 3. Court days things will setle. Mean space I thinke to goe
+  downe into Kente, & come up againe aboute 14. days, or 3. weeks hence;
+  except either by these afforesaid contentions, or by y^e ille tidings
+  from Virginia, we be wholy discouraged, of which tidings I am now to
+  speake.
+
+  Captaine Argoll is come home this weeke (he upon notice of y^e intente
+  of y^e Counsell, came away before S^r. Georg Yeardley came ther, and
+  so ther is no small dissention). But his tidings are ill, though his
+  person be wellcome. He saith M^r. Blackwells shipe came not ther till
+  March, but going towards winter, they had still norwest winds, which
+  carried them to the southward beyond their course. And y^e m^r of y^e
+  ship & some 6. of y^e mariners dieing, it seemed they could not find
+  y^e bay, till after long seeking & beating aboute. M^r. Blackwell is
+  dead, & M^r. Maggner, y^e Captain; yea, ther are dead, he saith, 130.
+  persons, one & other in y^t ship; it is said ther was in all an 180.
+  persons in y^e ship, so as they were packed togeather like herings.
+  They had amongst them y^e fluxe, and allso wante of fresh water; so as
+  it is hear rather wondred at y^t so many are alive, then that so many
+  are dead. The marchants hear say it was M^r. Blackwells faulte to pack
+  so many in y^e ship; yea, & ther were great mutterings & repinings
+  amongst them, and upbraiding of M^r. Blackwell, for his dealing and
+  dispossing of them, when they saw how he had dispossed of them, & how
+  he insulted over them. Yea, y^e streets at Gravsend runge of their
+  extreame quarrelings, crying out one of another, Thou hast brought me
+  to this, and, I may thanke the for this. Heavie newes it is, and I
+  would be glad to heare how farr it will discourage. I see none hear
+  discouraged much, [25] but rather desire to larne to beware by other
+  mens harmes, and to amend that wherin they have failed. As we desire
+  to serve one another in love, so take heed of being inthraled by any
+  imperious persone, espetially if they be discerned to have an eye to
+  them selves. It doth often trouble me to thinke that in this bussines
+  we are all to learne and none to teach; but better so, then to depend
+  upon such teachers as M^r. Blackwell was. Such a strategeme he once
+  made for M^r. Johnson & his people at Emden, w^ch was their
+  subversion. But though he ther clenlily (yet unhonstly) plucked his
+  neck out of y^e collar, yet at last his foote is caught. Hear are no
+  letters come, y^e ship captain Argole came in is yet in y^e west
+  parts; all y^t we hear is but his report; it seemeth he came away
+  secretly. The ship y^t M^r. Blackwell went in will be hear shortly. It
+  is as M^r. Robinson once said; he thought we should hear no good of
+  them.
+
+  M^r. B. is not well at this time; whether he will come back to you or
+  goe into y^e north, I yet know not. For my selfe, I hope to see an end
+  of this bussines ere I come, though I am sorie to be thus from you; if
+  things had gone roundly forward, I should have been with you within
+  these 14. days. I pray God directe us, and give us that spirite which
+  is fitting for such a bussines. Thus having su[=m]arily pointed at
+  things w^ch M^r. Brewster (I thinke) hath more largly write of to M^r.
+  Robinson, I leave you to the Lords protection.
+
+  Yours in all readines, &c.
+  ROBART CUSHMAN.
+
+  London, May 8.
+  An^o: 1619.
+
+A word or tow by way of digression touching this M^r. Blackwell; he was
+an elder of y^e church at Amsterdam, a man well known of most of them.
+He declined from y^e trueth w^th M^r. Johnson & y^e rest, and went with
+him when y^ey parted assunder in y^t wofull maner, w^ch brought so great
+dishonour to God, scandall to y^e trueth, & outward ruine to them selves
+in this world. But I hope, notwithstanding, through y^e mercies of y^e
+Lord, their souls are now at rest with him in y^e heavens, and y^t they
+are arrived in y^e Haven of hapines; though some of their bodies were
+thus buried in y^e terrable seas, and others sunke under y^e burthen of
+bitter afflictions. He with some others had prepared for to goe to
+Virginia. And he, with sundrie godly citizens, being at a private
+me[=e]ing (I take it a fast) in London, being discovered, many of them
+were apprehended, wherof M^r. Blackwell was one; but he so glosed w^th
+y^e b[~p]s,[N] and either dissembled or flatly denyed y^e trueth which
+formerly he had maintained; and not only so, but very unworthily
+betrayed and accused another godly man who had escaped, that so he
+might slip his own neck out of y^e collar, & to obtaine his owne
+freedome brought others into bonds. Wherupon he so wone y^e b[~p]s
+favour (but lost y^e Lord's) as he was not only dismiste, but in open
+courte y^e arch-bishop gave him great applause and his sollemne blessing
+to proseed in his vioage. But if such events follow y^e b[~p]s blessing,
+happie are they y^t misse y^e same; it is much better to keepe a good
+conscience and have y^e Lords blessing, whether in life or death.
+
+But see how y^e man thus apprehended by M^r. Blackwells means, writs to
+a freind of his.
+
+  Right dear friend & christian brother, _M^r. Carver_, I salute you &
+  yours in y^e Lord, &c. As for my owne presente condition, I doubt not
+  but you well understand it ere this by our brother Maistersone, who
+  should have tasted of y^e same cupp, had his place of residence & his
+  person been as well knowne as my selfe. Some what I have written to
+  _M^r. Cushman_ how y^e matter _still continues_. I have petitioned
+  _twise_ to M^r. Sherives, and _once_ to my Lord Cooke, and have used
+  such reasons to move them to pittie, that if they were not overruled
+  by some others, I suppose I should soone gaine my libertie; as that I
+  was a yonge man living by my [26] credite, indebted to diverse in our
+  citie, living at more then ordinarie charges in a close & tedious
+  prison; besids great rents abroad, all my bussines lying still, my
+  only servante lying lame in y^e countrie, my wife being also great
+  with child. And yet no answer till y^e lords of his majesties Counsell
+  gave consente. Howbeit, M^r. Blackwell, a man as deepe in this action
+  as I, was delivered at a cheaper rate, with a great deale less adoe;
+  yea, with an addition of y^e Arch[~p]: blessing. I am sorie for M^r.
+  Blackwels weaknes, I wish it may prove no worse. But yet he & some
+  others of them, _before their going_, were not sorie, but thought it
+  was for y^e best that I was nominated, not because y^e Lord sanctifies
+  evill to good, but that y^e action was good, yea for y^e best. One
+  reason I well remember he used was, because this trouble would
+  encrease y^e Virginia plantation, in that now people begane to be more
+  generally inclined to goe; and if he had not nomminated some such as
+  I, he had not bene free, being it was knowne that diverse citizens
+  besids them selves were ther. I expecte an answer shortly what they
+  intende conscerning me; I purpose to write to some others of you, by
+  whom you shall know the certaintie. Thus not haveing further at
+  present to acquaint you withall, co[=m]ending myselfe to your prairs,
+  I cease, & co[=m]itte you and us all to y^e Lord.
+
+  From my chamber in Wodstreete Compter.
+  Your freind, & brother in bonds,
+  SABIN STARESMORE.
+
+  Sept^r: 4. An^o: 1618.
+
+But thus much by y^e way, which may be of instruction & good use.
+
+But at last, after all these things, and their long attendance, they had
+a patent granted them, and confirmed under y^e Companies seale; but
+these devissions and distractions had shaken of many of ther pretended
+freinds, and disappointed them of much of their hoped for & proffered
+means. By the advise of some freinds this pattente was not taken in y^e
+name of any of their owne, but in y^e name of Mr. John Wincob (a
+religious gentleman then belonging to y^e Countess of Lincoline), who
+intended to goe with them. But God so disposed as he never went, nor
+they ever made use of this patente, which had cost them so much labour
+and charge, as by y^e sequell will appeare. This patente being sente
+over for them to veiw & consider, as also the passages aboute y^e
+propossitions between them & such marchants & freinds as should either
+goe or adventure with them, and espetially with those[O] on whom y^ey
+did cheefly depend for shipping and means, whose proffers had been
+large, they were requested to fitt and prepare them selves with all
+speed. A right emblime, it may be, of y^e uncertine things of this
+world; y^t when men have toyld them selves for them, they vanish into
+smoke.
+
+
+
+
+The 6. Chap.
+
+_Conscerning y^e agreements and artickles between them, and such
+marchants & others as adventured moneys; with other things falling out
+aboute making their provissions._
+
+
+Upon y^e receite of these things by one of their messengers, they had a
+sollemne meeting and a day of humilliation to seeke y^e Lord for his
+direction; and their pastor tooke this texte, 1 _Sam_. 23. 3, 4. _And
+David's men said unto him, see, we be afraid hear in Judah, how much
+more if we come to Keilah against the host of the Phillistines? Then
+David asked counsell of y^e Lord againe, &c._ From which texte he taught
+many things very aptly, and befitting ther present occasion and
+condition, strengthing them against their fears and perplexities, and
+incouraging them in their resolutions. [27] After which they concluded
+both what number and what persons should prepare them selves to goe with
+y^e first; for all y^t were willing to have gone could not gett ready
+for their other affairs in so shorte a time; neither if all could have
+been ready, had ther been means to have trasported them alltogeather.
+Those that staied being y^e greater number required y^e pastor to stay
+with them; and indeede for other reasons he could not then well goe, and
+so it was y^e more easilie yeelded unto. The other then desired y^e
+elder, M^r. Brewster, to goe with them, which was also condescended
+unto. It was also agreed on by mutuall consente and covenante, that
+those that went should be an absolute church of them selves, as well as
+those y^t staid; seing in such a dangrous vioage, and a removall to such
+a distance, it might come to pass they should (for y^e body of them)
+never meete againe in this world; yet with this proviso, that as any of
+y^e rest came over to them, or of y^e other returned upon occasion, they
+should be reputed as members without any further dismission or
+testimoniall. It was allso promised to those y^t wente first, by y^e
+body of y^e rest, that if y^e Lord gave them life, & me[=a]s, &
+opportunitie, they would come to them as soone as they could.
+
+Aboute this time, whilst they were perplexed with y^e proseedings of
+y^e Virginia Company, & y^e ill news from thence aboute M^r. Blackwell &
+his company, and making inquirey about y^e hiring & buying of shiping
+for their vioage, some Dutchmen made them faire offers aboute goeing
+with them. Also one M^r. Thomas Weston, a m^{r}chant of London, came to
+Leyden aboute y^e same time, (who was well aquainted with some of them,
+and a furtherer of them in their former proseedings,) haveing much
+conferance w^th M^r. Robinson & other of y^e cheefe of them, perswaded
+them to goe on (as it seems) & not to medle with y^e Dutch, or too much
+to depend on the Virginia Company; for if that failed, if they came to
+resolution, he and such marchants as were his freinds (togeather with
+their owne means) would sett them forth; and they should make ready, and
+neither feare wante of shipping nor money; for what they wanted should
+be provided. And, not so much for him selfe as for y^e satisfing of such
+frends as he should procure to adventure in this bussines, they were to
+draw such articls of agreemente, and make such propossitions, as might
+y^e better induce his freinds to venture. Upon which (after y^e formere
+conclusion) articles were drawne & agreed unto, and were showne unto
+him, and approved by him; and afterwards by their messenger (M^r. John
+Carver) sent into England, who, togeather with Robart Cushman, were to
+receive y^e moneys & make provissione both for shiping & other things
+for y^e vioage; with this charge, not to exseede their co[=m]ission, but
+to proseed according to y^e former articles. Also some were chossen to
+doe y^e like for such things as were to be prepared there; so those that
+weare to goe, prepared them selves with all speed, and sould of their
+estats and (such as were able) put in their moneys into y^e commone
+stock, which was disposed by those appointed, for y^e making of generall
+provissions. Aboute this time also they had heard, both by M^r. Weston
+and others, y^t sundrie Hon^bl: Lords had obtained a large grante from
+y^e king, for y^e more northerly parts of that countrie, derived out of
+y^e Virginia patente, and wholy secluded from their Govermente, and to
+be called by another name, viz. New-England. Unto which M^r. Weston, and
+y^e cheefe of them, begane to incline it was [28] best for them to goe,
+as for other reasons, so cheefly for y^e hope of present profite to be
+made by y^e fishing that was found in y^t countrie.
+
+But as in all bussineses y^e acting parte is most difficulte, espetially
+wher y^e worke of many agents must concurr, so it was found in this; for
+some of those y^t should have gone in England, fell of & would not goe;
+other marchants & freinds y^t had offered to adventure their moneys
+withdrew, and pretended many excuses. Some disliking they wente not to
+Guiana; others againe would adventure nothing excepte they wente to
+Virginia. Some againe (and those that were most relied on) fell in utter
+dislike with Virginia, and would doe nothing if they wente thither. In
+y^e midds of these distractions, they of Leyden, who had put of their
+estats, and laid out their moneys, were brought into a greate streight,
+fearing what issue these things would come too; but at length y^e
+generalitie was swaid to this latter opinion.
+
+But now another difficultie arose, for M^r. Weston and some other that
+were for this course, either for their better advantage or rather for
+y^e drawing on of others, as they pretended, would have some of those
+conditions altered y^t were first agreed on at Leyden. To which y^e 2.
+agents sent from Leyden (or at least one of them who is most charged
+with it) did consente; seeing els y^t all was like to be dashte, & y^e
+opportunitie lost, and y^t they which had put of their estats and paid
+in their moneys were in hazard to be undon. They presumed to conclude
+with y^e marchants on those termes, in some things contrary to their
+order & co[=m]ission, and without giving them notice of y^e same; yea,
+it was conceled least it should make any furder delay; which was y^e
+cause afterward of much trouble & contention.
+
+It will be meete I here inserte these conditions, which are as foloweth.
+
+  An^o: 1620. July 1.
+
+  1. The adventurers & planters doe agree, that every person that goeth
+  being aged 16. years & upward, be rated at 10^li., and ten pounds to
+  be accounted a single share.
+
+  2. That he that goeth in person, and furnisheth him selfe out with
+  10^li. either in money or other provissions, be accounted as haveing
+  20^li. in stock, and in y^e devission shall receive a double share.
+
+  3. The persons transported & y^e adventurers shall continue their
+  joynt stock & partnership togeather, y^e space of 7. years, (excepte
+  some unexpected impedimente doe cause y^e whole company to agree
+  otherwise,) during which time, all profits & benifits that are gott by
+  trade, traffick, trucking, working, fishing, or any other means of any
+  person or persons, remaine still in y^e co[=m]one stock untill y^e
+  division.
+
+  4. That at their co[=m]ing ther, they chose out such a number of fitt
+  persons, as may furnish their ships and boats for fishing upon y^e
+  sea; imploying the rest in their severall faculties upon y^e land; as
+  building houses, tilling, and planting y^e ground, & makeing shuch
+  co[=m]odities as shall be most usefull for y^e collonie.
+
+  5. That at y^e end of y^e 7. years, y^e capitall & profits, viz. the
+  houses, lands, goods and chatles, be equally devided betwixte y^e
+  adventurers, and planters; w^ch done, every man shall be free from
+  other of them of any debt or detrimente concerning this adventure.
+
+  [29] 6. Whosoever cometh to y^e colonie herafter, or putteth any into
+  y^e stock, shall at the ende of y^e 7. years be alowed proportionably
+  to y^e time of his so doing.
+
+  7. He that shall carie his wife & children, or servants, shall be
+  alowed for everie person now aged 16. years & upward, a single share
+  in y^e devision, or if he provid them necessaries, a duble share, or
+  if they be between 10. year old and 16., then 2. of them to be reconed
+  for a person, both in tr[=a]sportation and devision.
+
+  8. That such children as now goe, & are under y^e age of ten years,
+  have noe other shar in y^e devision, but 50. acers of unmanured land.
+
+  9. That such persons as die before y^e 7. years be expired, their
+  executors to have their parte or sharr at y^e devision, proportionably
+  to y^e time of their life in y^e collonie.
+
+  10. That all such persons as are of this collonie, are to have their
+  meate, drink, apparell, and all provissions out of y^e co[=m]on stock
+  & goods of y^e said collonie.
+
+The cheefe & principall differences betwene these & the former
+conditions, stood in those 2. points; that y^e houses, & lands improved,
+espetialy gardens & home lotts should remaine undevided wholy to y^e
+planters at y^e 7. years end. 2^ly, y^t they should have had 2. days in
+a weeke for their owne private imploymente, for y^e more comforte of
+them selves and their families, espetialy such as had families. But
+because letters are by some wise men counted y^e best parte of
+histories, I shall shew their greevances hereaboute by their owne
+letters, in which y^e passages of things will be more truly discerned.
+
+_A letter of M^r. Robinsons to John Carver._
+
+  June 14. 1620. N. Stile.
+
+  My dear freind & brother, whom with yours I alwaise remember in my
+  best affection, and whose wellfare I shall never cease to co[=m]end to
+  God by my best & most earnest praires. You doe throwly understand by
+  our generall letters y^e estate of things hear, which indeed is very
+  pitifull; espetialy by wante of shiping, and not seeing means lickly,
+  much less certaine, of having it provided; though withall ther be
+  great want of money & means to doe needfull things. M^r. Pickering,
+  you know before this, will not defray a peny hear; though Robart
+  Cushman presumed of I know not how many 100^li. from him, & I know
+  not whom. Yet it seems strange y^t we should be put to him to receive
+  both his & his partners adventer, and yet M^r. Weston write unto him,
+  y^t in regard of it, he hath drawne upon him a 100^li. more. But ther
+  is in this some misterie, as indeed it seems ther is in y^e whole
+  course. Besids, wheras diverse are to pay in some parts of their
+  moneys yet behinde, they refuse to doe it, till they see shiping
+  provided, or a course taken for it. Neither doe I thinke is ther a man
+  hear would pay any thing, if he had againe his money in his purse. You
+  know right well we depended on M^r. Weston alone, and upon such means
+  as he would procure for this commone bussines; and when we had in hand
+  another course with y^e Dutchmen, broke it of at his motion, and upon
+  y^e conditions by him shortly after propounded. He did this in his
+  love I know, but things appeare not answerable from him hitherto. That
+  he should have first have put in his moneys, is thought by many to
+  have been but fitt, but y^t I can well excuse, he being a marchante
+  and haveing use of it to his benefite; wheras others, if it had been
+  in their hands, would have consumed it. [30] But y^t he should not but
+  have had either shipping ready before this time, or at least certaine
+  means, and course, and y^e same knowne to us for it, or have taken
+  other order otherwise, cannot in my conscience be excused. I have
+  heard y^t when he hath been moved in the bussines, he hath put it of
+  from him selfe, and referred it to y^e others;[P] and would come to
+  Georg Morton, & enquire news of him aboute things, as if he had scarce
+  been some accessarie unto it. Wether he hath failed of some helps from
+  others which he expected, and so be not well able to goe through with
+  things, or whether he hath feared least you should be ready too soone
+  & so encrease y^e charge of shiping above y^t is meete, or whether he
+  have thought by withhoulding to put us upon straits, thinking y^t
+  therby M^r. Brewer and M^r. Pickering would be drawne by importunitie
+  to doe more, or what other misterie is in it, we know not; but sure we
+  are y^t things are not answerable to such an occasion. M^r. Weston
+  maks himselfe mery with our endeavors about buying a ship, but we have
+  done nothing in this but with good reason, as I am perswaded, nor yet
+  that I know in any thing els, save in those tow; y^e one, that we
+  imployed Robart Cushman, who is known (though a good man, & of
+  spetiall abilities in his kind, yet) most unfitt to deale for other
+  men, by reason of his singularitie, and too great indifferancie for
+  any conditions, and for (to speak truly) that[Q] we have had nothing
+  from him but termes & presumptions. The other, y^t we have so much
+  relyed, by implicite faith as it were, upon generalities, without
+  seeing y^e perticuler course & means for so waghtie an affaire set
+  down unto us. For shiping, M^r. Weston, it should seeme, is set upon
+  hireing, which yet I wish he may presently effecte; but I see litle
+  hope of help from hence if so it be. Of M^r. Brewer you know what to
+  expecte. I doe not thinke M^r. Pickering will ingage, excepte in y^e
+  course of buying, in former letters specified. Aboute y^e conditions,
+  you have our reasons for our judgments of what is agreed. And let this
+  spetially be borne in minde, y^t the greatest parte of y^e Collonie is
+  like to be imployed constantly, not upon dressing ther perticuler land
+  & building houses, but upon fishing, trading, &c. So as y^e land &
+  house will be but a trifell for advantage to y^e adventurers, and yet
+  the devission of it a great discouragmente to y^e planters, who would
+  with singuler care make it comfortable with borowed houres from their
+  sleep. The same consideration of co[=m]one imploymente constantly by
+  the most is a good reason not to have y^e 2. daies in a weeke denyed
+  y^e few planters for private use, which yet is subordinate to
+  co[=m]one good. Consider also how much unfite that you & your liks
+  must serve a new prentishipe of 7. years, and not a daies freedome
+  from taske. Send me word what persons are to goe, who of usefull
+  faculties, & how many, & perticulerly of every thing. I know you wante
+  not a minde. I am sorie you have not been at London all this while,
+  but y^e provissions could not wante you. Time will suffer me to write
+  no more; fare you & yours well allways in y^e Lord, in whom I rest.
+
+  Yours to use,
+  JOHN ROBINSON.
+
+_An other letter from sundrie of them at y^e same time._
+
+  [31] To their loving freinds John Carver and Robart Cushman, these,
+  &c.
+
+  Good bretheren, after salutations, &c. We received diverse letters at
+  y^e coming of M^r. Nash & our pilott, which is a great incouragmente
+  unto us, and for whom we hop after times will minister occasion of
+  praising God; and indeed had you not sente him, many would have been
+  ready to fainte and goe backe. Partly in respecte of y^e new
+  conditions which have bene taken up by you, which all men are against,
+  and partly in regard of our owne inabillitie to doe any one of those
+  many waightie bussineses you referr to us here. For y^e former wherof,
+  wheras Robart Cushman desirs reasons for our dislike, promising
+  therupon to alter y^e same, or els saing we should thinke he hath no
+  brains, we desire him to exercise them therin, refering him to our
+  pastors former reasons, and them to y^e censure of y^e godly wise. But
+  our desires are that you will not entangle your selvs and us in any
+  such unreasonable courses as those are, viz. y^t the marchants should
+  have y^e halfe of mens houses and lands at y^e dividente; and that
+  persons should be deprived of y^e 2. days in a weeke agreed upon, yea
+  every momente of time for their owne perticuler; by reason wherof we
+  cannot conceive why any should carie servants for their own help and
+  comfort; for that we can require no more of them then all men one of
+  another. This we have only by relation from M^r. Nash, & not from any
+  writing of your owne, & therfore hope you have not proceeded farr in
+  so great a thing without us. But requiring you not to exseed the
+  bounds of your co[=m]ission, which was to proceed upon y^e things or
+  conditions agred upon and expressed in writing (at your going over
+  about it), we leave it, not without marveling, that you^r selfe, as
+  you write, knowing how smale a thing troubleth our consultations, and
+  how few, as you fear, understands the busnes aright, should trouble us
+  with such matters as these are, &c.
+
+  Salute M^r. Weston from us, in whom we hope we are not deceived; we
+  pray you make known our estate unto him, and if you thinke good shew
+  him our letters, at least tell him (y^t under God) we much relie upon
+  him & put our confidence in him; and, as your selves well know, that
+  if he had not been an adventurer with us, we had not taken it in hand;
+  presuming that if he had not seene means to accomplish it, he would
+  not have begune it; so we hope in our extremitie he will so farr help
+  us as our expectation be no way made frustrate concerning him. Since
+  therfore, good brethren, we have plainly opened y^e state of things
+  with us in this matter, you will, &c. Thus beseeching y^e Allmightie,
+  who is allsufficiente to raise us out of this depth of dificulties, to
+  assiste us herein; raising such means by his providence and fatherly
+  care for us, his pore children & servants, as we may with comforte
+  behould y^e hand of our God for good towards us in this our bussines,
+  which we undertake in his name & fear, we take leave & remaine
+
+  Your perplexed, yet hopfull
+  bretheren,
+
+  S. F.
+  E. W.
+  W. B.
+  J. A.[R]
+
+  June 10. New Stille,
+  An^o: 1620.
+
+_A letter of Robart Cushmans to them._
+
+  Brethern, I understand by letters & passagess y^t have come to me,
+  that ther are great discontents, & dislike of my proceedings amongst
+  you. Sorie I am to hear it, yet contente to beare it, as not doubting
+  but y^t partly by writing, and more principally by word when we shall
+  come togeather, I shall satisfie any reasonable man. I have been
+  perswaded [32] by some, espetialy this bearer, to come and clear
+  things unto you; but as things now stand I ca[=n]ot be absente one
+  day, excepte I should hazard all y^e viage. Neither conceive I any
+  great good would come of it. Take then, brethern, this as a step to
+  give you contente. First, for your dislike of y^e alteration of one
+  clause in y^e conditions, if you conceive it right, ther can be no
+  blame lye on me at all. For y^e articles first brought over by John
+  Carver were never seene of any of y^e adventurers hear, excepte M^r.
+  Weston, neither did any of them like them because of that clause; nor
+  M^r. Weston him selfe, after he had well considered it. But as at y^e
+  first ther was 500^li. withdrawne by S^r. Georg Farrer and his brother
+  upon that dislike, so all y^e rest would have withdrawne (M^r. Weston
+  excepted) if we had not altered y^t clause. Now whilst we at Leyden
+  conclude upon points, as we did, we reckoned without our host, which
+  was not my falte. Besids, I shewed you by a letter y^e equitie of y^t
+  condition, & our inconveniences, which might be sett against all M^r.
+  Rob: inconveniences, that without y^e alteration of y^t clause, we
+  could neither have means to gett thither, nor supplie wherby to
+  subsiste when we were ther. Yet notwithstanding all those reasons,
+  which were not mine, but other mens wiser then my selfe, without
+  answer to any one of them, here cometh over many quirimonies, and
+  complaints against me, of lording it over my brethern, and making
+  conditions fitter for theeves & bondslaves then honest men, and that
+  of my owne head I did what I list. And at last a paper of reasons,
+  framed against y^t clause in y^e conditions, which as y^ey were
+  delivered me open, so my answer is open to you all. And first, as they
+  are no other but inconveniences, such as a man might frame 20. as
+  great on y^e other side, and yet prove nor disprove nothing by them,
+  so they misse & mistake both y^e very ground of y^e article and nature
+  of y^e project. For, first, it is said, that if ther had been no
+  divission of houses & lands, it had been better for y^e poore. True,
+  and y^t showeth y^e inequalitie of y^e condition; we should more
+  respecte him y^t ventureth both his money and his person, then him y^t
+  ventureth but his person only.
+
+  2. Consider wheraboute we are, not giveing almes, but furnishing a
+  store house; no one shall be porer then another for 7. years, and if
+  any be rich, none can be pore. At y^e least, we must not in such
+  bussines crie, Pore, pore, mercie, mercie. Charitie hath it life in
+  wraks, not in venturs; you are by this most in a hopefull pitie of
+  makeing, therfore complaine not before you have need.
+
+  3. This will hinder y^e building of good and faire houses, contrarie
+  to y^e advise of pollitiks. A. So we would have it; our purpose is to
+  build for y^e presente such houses as, if need be, we may with litle
+  greefe set a fire, and rune away by the lighte; our riches shall not
+  be in pompe, but in strenght; if God send us riches, we will imploye
+  them to provid more men, ships, munition, &c. You may see it amongst
+  the best pollitiks, that a co[=m]onwele is readier to ebe then to
+  flow, when once fine houses and gay cloaths come up.
+
+  4. The Gove^t may prevente excess in building. A. But if it be on all
+  men beforehand resolved on, to build mean houses, y^e Gove^r laboure
+  is spared.
+
+  5. All men are not of one condition. A. If by condition you mean
+  wealth, you are mistaken; if you mean by condition, qualities, then I
+  say he that is not contente his neighbour shall have as good a house,
+  fare, means, &c. as him selfe, is not of a good qualitie. 2^ly. Such
+  retired persons, as have aneie only to them selves, are fitter to
+  come wher catching is, then closing; and are fitter to live alone,
+  then in any societie, either civill or religious.
+
+  6. It will be of litle value, scarce worth 5^li. A. True, it may be
+  not worth halfe 5^li. [33] If then so smale a thing will content them,
+  why strive we thus aboute it, and give them occasion to suspecte us to
+  be worldly & covetous? I will not say what I have heard since these
+  complaints came first over.
+
+  7. Our freinds with us y^t adventure mind not their owne profite, as
+  did y^e old adventurers. A. Then they are better then we, who for a
+  litle matter of profite are readie to draw back, and it is more
+  apparente brethern looke too it, that make profite your maine end;
+  repente of this, els goe not least you be like Jonas to Tarshis. 2^ly.
+  Though some of them mind not their profite, yet others doe mind it;
+  and why not as well as we? venturs are made by all sorts of men, and
+  we must labour to give them all contente, if we can.
+
+  8. It will break y^e course of co[=m]unitie, as may be showed by many
+  reasons. A. That is but said, and I say againe, it will best foster
+  comunion, as may be showed by many reasons.
+
+  9. Great profite is like to be made by trucking, fishing, &c. A. As it
+  is better for them, so for us; for halfe is ours, besids our living
+  still upon it, and if such profite in y^t way come, our labour shall
+  be y^e less on y^e land, and our houses and lands must & will be of
+  less value.
+
+  10. Our hazard is greater then theirs. A. True, but doe they put us
+  upon it? doe they urge or egg us? hath not y^e motion & resolution
+  been always in our selves? doe they any more then in seeing us
+  resolute if we had means, help us to means upon equall termes &
+  conditions? If we will not goe, they are content to keep their moneys.
+  Thus I have pointed at a way to loose those knots, which I hope you
+  will consider seriously, and let me have no more stirre about them.
+
+  Now furder, I hear a noise of slavish conditions by me made; but
+  surly this is all that I have altered, and reasons I have sent you. If
+  you mean it of y^e 2. days in a week for perticuler, as some
+  insinuate, you are deceived; you may have 3. days in a week for me if
+  you will. And when I have spoken to y^e adventurers of times of
+  working, they have said they hope we are men of discretion &
+  conscience, and so fitte to be trusted our selves with that. But
+  indeed y^e ground of our proceedings at Leyden was mistaken, and so
+  here is nothing but tottering every day, &c.
+
+  As for them of Amsterdam I had thought they would as soone have gone
+  to Rome as with us; for our libertie is to them as ratts bane, and
+  their riggour as bad to us as y^e Spanish Inquision. If any practise
+  of mine discourage them, let them yet draw back; I will undertake they
+  shall have their money againe presently paid hear. Or if the company
+  thinke me to be y^e Jonas, let them cast me of before we goe; I shall
+  be content to stay with good will, having but the cloaths on my back;
+  only let us have quietnes, and no more of these clamors; full litle
+  did I expecte these things which are now come to pass, &c.
+
+  Yours,
+  R. CUSHMAN.
+
+But whether this letter of his ever came to their hands at Leyden I well
+know not; I rather thinke it was staied by M^r. Carver & kept by him,
+forgiving offence. But this which follows was ther received; both which
+I thought pertenent to recite.
+
+_Another of his to y^e aforesaid, June_ 11. 1620.[S]
+
+  Salutations, &c. I received your l[~e]r. yesterday, by John Turner,
+  with another y^e same day from Amsterdam by M^r. W. savouring of y^e
+  place whenc it came. And indeed the many discouragements I find her,
+  togeather with y^e demurrs and retirings ther, had made me to say, I
+  would give up my accounts to John Carver, & at his comeing aquainte
+  him fully with all courses, and so leave it quite, with only y^e pore
+  cloaths on my back. But gathering up my selfe by further
+  consideration, [34] I resolved yet to make one triall more, and to
+  aquainte M^r. Weston with y^e fainted state of our bussines; and
+  though he hath been much discontented at some thing amongst us of
+  late, which hath made him often say, that save for his promise, he
+  would not meadle at all with y^e bussines any more, yet considering
+  how farr we were plunged into maters, & how it stood both on our
+  credits & undoing, at y^e last he gathered up him selfe a litle more,
+  & coming to me 2. hours after, he tould me he would not yet leave it.
+  And so advising togeather we resolved to hire a ship, and have tooke
+  liking of one till Monday, about 60. laste, for a greater we cannot
+  gett, excepte it be tow great; but a fine ship it is. And seeing our
+  neer freinds ther are so streite lased, we hope to assure her without
+  troubling them any further; and if y^e ship fale too small, it fitteth
+  well y^t such as stumble at strawes allready, may rest them ther a
+  while, least worse blocks come in y^e way ere 7. years be ended. If
+  you had beaten this bussines so throuly a month agoe, and write to us
+  as now you doe, we could thus have done much more conveniently. But it
+  is as it is; I hope our freinds ther, if they be quitted of the ship
+  hire, will be indusced to venture y^e more. All y^t I now require is
+  y^t salt and netts may ther be boughte, and for all y^e rest we will
+  here provid it; yet if that will not be, let them but stand for it a
+  month or tow, and we will take order to pay it all. Let M^r.
+  _Reinholds_ tarie ther, and bring y^e ship to Southampton. We have
+  hired another pilote here, one M^r. _Clarke_, who went last year to
+  Virginia with a ship of kine.
+
+  You shall here distinctly by John Turner, who I thinke shall come
+  hence on Tewsday night. I had thought to have come with him, to have
+  answerd to my complaints; but I shal lerne to pass litle for their
+  censurs; and if I had more minde to goe & dispute & expostulate with
+  them, then I have care of this waightie bussines, I were like them who
+  live by clamours & jangling. But neither my mind nor my body is at
+  libertie to doe much, for I am fettered with bussines, and had rather
+  study to be quiet, then to make answer to their exceptions. If men be
+  set on it, let them beat y^e eair; I hope such as are my sinceire
+  freinds will not thinke but I can give some reason of my actions. But
+  of your mistaking aboute y^e mater, & other things tending to this
+  bussines, I shall nexte informe you more distinctly. Mean space
+  entreate our freinds not to be too bussie in answering matters, before
+  they know them. If I doe such things as I ca[=n]ot give reasons for,
+  it is like you have sett a foole aboute your bussines, and so turne
+  y^e reproofe to your selves, & send an other, and let me come againe
+  to my Combes. But setting a side my naturall infirmities, I refuse not
+  to have my cause judged, both of God, & all indifferent men; and when
+  we come togeather I shall give accounte of my actions hear. The Lord,
+  who judgeth justly without respect of persons, see into y^e equitie of
+  my cause, and give us quiet, peacable, and patient minds, in all these
+  turmoiles, and sanctifie unto us all crosses whatsoever. And so I take
+  my leave of you all, in all love & affection.
+
+  I hope we shall gett all hear ready in 14. days.
+
+  Your pore brother,
+  ROBART CUSHMAN.
+
+  June 11. 1620.
+
+
+Besids these things, ther fell out a differance amongs those 3. that
+received [35] the moneys & made y^e provissions in England; for besids
+these tow formerly mentioned sent from Leyden for this end, viz. M^r.
+Carver & Robart Cushman, ther was one chosen in England to be joyned
+with them, to make y^e provisions for y^e vioage; his name was M^r.
+Martin, he came from Billirike in Essexe, from which parts came sundrie
+others to goe with them, as also from London & other places; and
+therfore it was thought meete & conveniente by them in Holand that these
+strangers that were to goe with them, should apointe one thus to be
+joyned with them, not so much for any great need of their help, as to
+avoyd all susspition, or jelosie of any partiallitie. And indeed their
+care for giving offence, both in this & other things afterward, turned
+to great inconvenience unto them, as in y^e sequell will apeare; but
+however it shewed their equall & honest minds. The provissions were for
+y^e most parte made at Southhamton, contrarie to M^r. Westons & Robert
+Cushm[=a]s mind (whose counsells did most concure in all things). A
+touch of which things I shall give in a letter of his to M^r. Carver,
+and more will appear afterward.
+
+  To his loving freind M^r. John Carver, these, &c.
+
+  Loving freind, I have received from you some letters, full of
+  affection & complaints, and what it is you would have of me I know
+  not; for your crieing out, Negligence, negligence, negligence, I
+  marvell why so negligente a man was used in y^e bussines. Yet know you
+  y^t all that I have power to doe hear, shall not be one hower behind,
+  I warent you. You have reference to M^r. Weston to help us with money,
+  more then his adventure; wher he protesteth but for his promise, he
+  would not have done any thing. He saith we take a heady course, and
+  is offended y^t our provissions are made so farr of; as also that he
+  was not made aquainted with our quantitie of things; and saith y^t in
+  now being in 3. places, so farr remote, we will, with going up &
+  downe, and wrangling & expostulating, pass over y^e so[=m]er before we
+  will goe. And to speake y^e trueth, ther is fallen already amongst us
+  a flatt schisme; and we are redier to goe to dispute, then to sett
+  forwarde a voiage. I have received from Leyden since you wente 3. or
+  4. letters directed to you, though they only conscerne me. I will not
+  trouble you with them. I always feared y^e event of y^e Amsterdamers
+  striking in with us. I trow you must exco[=m]unicate me, or els you
+  must goe without their companie, or we shall wante no quareling; but
+  let them pass. We have reckoned, it should seeme, without our host;
+  and, counting upon a 150. persons, ther cannot be founde above
+  1200^li. & odd moneys of all y^e venturs you can reckone, besids some
+  cloath, stockings, & shoes, which are not counted; so we shall come
+  shorte at least 3. or 400^li. I would have had some thing shortened at
+  first of beare & other provissions in hope of other adventurs, & now
+  we could have, both in Amsterd: & Kente, beere inough to serve our
+  turne, but now we cannot accept it without prejudice. You fear we have
+  begune to build & shall not be able to make an end; indeed, our
+  courses were never established by counsell, we may therfore justly
+  fear their standing. Yea, ther was a [36] schisme amongst us 3. at y^e
+  first. You wrote to M^r. Martin, to prevente y^e making of y^e
+  provissions in Kente, which he did, and sett downe his resolution how
+  much he would have of every thing, without respecte to any counsell or
+  exception. Surely he y^t is in a societie & yet regards not counsell,
+  may better be a king then a consorte. To be short, if ther be not some
+  other dispossition setled unto then yet is, we y^t should be partners
+  of humilitie and peace, shall be examples of jangling & insulting. Yet
+  your money which you ther must have, we will get provided for you
+  instantly. 500^li. you say will serve; for y^e rest which hear & in
+  Holand is to be used, we may goe scratch for it. For M^r.[T] Crabe, of
+  whom you write, he hath promised to goe with us, yet I tell you I
+  shall not be without feare till I see him shipped, for he is much
+  opposed, yet I hope he will not faile. Thinke y^e best of all, and
+  bear with patience what is wanting, and y^e Lord guid us all.
+
+  Your loving freind,
+  ROBART CUSHMAN.
+
+  London, June 10.
+  An^o: 1620.
+
+
+I have bene y^e larger in these things, and so shall crave leave in some
+like passages following, (thoug in other things I shal labour to be more
+contracte,) that their children may see with what difficulties their
+fathers wrastled in going throug these things in their first
+begi[=n]ings, and how God brought them along notwithstanding all their
+weaknesses & infirmities. As allso that some use may be made hereof in
+after times by others in such like waightie imployments; and herewith I
+will end this chapter.
+
+
+
+
+The 7. Chap.
+
+_Of their departure from Leyden, and other things ther aboute, with
+their arivall at South hamton, were they all mete togeather, and tooke
+in ther provissions._
+
+
+At length, after much travell and these debats, all things were got
+ready and provided. A smale ship[U] was bought, & fitted in Holand,
+which was intended as to serve to help to transport them, so to stay in
+y^e cuntrie and atend upon fishing and shuch other affairs as might be
+for y^e good & benefite of y^e colonie when they came ther. Another was
+hired at London, of burden about 9. score; and all other things gott in
+readines. So being ready to departe, they had a day of solleme
+humiliation, their pastor taking his texte from Ezra 8. 21. _And ther at
+y^e river, by Ahava, I proclaimed a fast, that we might humble ourselves
+before our God, and seeke of him a right way for us, and for our
+children, and for all our substance._ Upon which he spente a good parte
+of y^e day very profitably, and suitable to their presente occasion. The
+rest of the time was spente in powering out prairs to y^e Lord with
+great fervencie, mixed with abundance of tears. And y^e time being come
+that they must departe, they were accompanied with most of their
+brethren out of y^e citie, unto a towne sundrie miles of called
+Delfes-Haven, wher the ship lay ready to receive them. So they lefte y^t
+goodly & pleasante citie, which had been ther resting place near 12.
+years; but they knew they were pilgrimes,[V] & looked not much on those
+things, but lift up their eyes to y^e heavens, their dearest cuntrie,
+and quieted their spirits. When they [37] came to y^e place they found
+y^e ship and all things ready; and shuch of their freinds as could not
+come with them followed after them, and sundrie also came from
+Amsterdame to see them shipte and to take their leave of them. That
+night was spent with litle sleepe by y^e most, but with freindly
+entertainmente & christian discourse and other reall expressions of true
+christian love. The next day, the wind being faire, they wente aborde,
+and their freinds with them, where truly dolfull was y^e sight of that
+sade and mournfull parting; to see what sighs and sobbs and praires did
+sound amongst them, what tears did gush from every eye, & pithy speeches
+peirst each harte; that sundry of y^e Dutch strangers y^t stood on y^e
+key as spectators, could not refraine from tears. Yet comfortable &
+sweete it was to see shuch lively and true expressions of clear &
+unfained love. But the tide (which stays for no man) caling them away
+y^t were thus loath to departe, their Re[~v][=e]^d: pastor falling downe
+on his knees, (and they all with him,) with watrie cheeks co[=m]ended
+them with most fervente praiers to the Lord and his blessing. And then
+with mutuall imbrases and many tears, they tooke their leaves one of an
+other; which proved to be y^e last leave to many of them.
+
+Thus hoysing saile,[W] with a prosperus winde they came in short time to
+Southhamton, wher they found the bigger ship come from London, lying
+ready, w^th all the rest of their company. After a joyfull wellcome, and
+mutuall congratulations, with other frendly entertainements, they fell
+to parley aboute their bussines, how to dispatch with y^e best
+expedition; as allso with their agents, aboute y^e alteration of y^e
+conditions. M^r. Carver pleaded he was imployed hear at Hamton, and knew
+not well what y^e other had don at London. M^r. Cushman answered, he had
+done nothing but what he was urged too, partly by y^e grounds of equity,
+and more espetialy by necessitie, other wise all had bene dasht and many
+undon. And in y^e begining he aquainted his felow agents here with, who
+consented unto him, and left it to him to execute, and to receive y^e
+money at London and send it downe to them at Hamton, wher they made y^e
+provissions; the which he accordingly did, though it was against his
+minde, & some of y^e marchants, y^t they were their made. And for
+giveing them notise at Leyden of this change, he could not well in
+regarde of y^e shortnes of y^e time; againe, he knew it would trouble
+them and hinder y^e bussines, which was already delayed overlong in
+regard of y^e season of y^e year, which he feared they would find to
+their cost. But these things gave not contente at presente. Mr. Weston,
+likwise, came up from London to see them dispatcht and to have y^e
+conditions confirmed; but they refused, and answered him, that he knew
+right well that these were not according to y^e first agreemente,
+neither could they yeeld to them without y^e consente of the rest that
+were behind. And indeed they had spetiall charge when they came away,
+from the cheefe of those that were behind, not to doe it. At which he
+was much offended, and tould them, they must then looke to stand on
+their owne leggs. So he returned in displeasure, and this was y^e first
+ground of discontent betweene them. And wheras ther wanted well near
+100^li. to clear things at their going away, he would not take order to
+disburse a penie, but let them shift as they could. [38] So they were
+forst to selle of some of their provissions to stop this gape, which was
+some 3. or 4. score firkins of butter, which comoditie they might best
+spare, haveing provided too large a quantitie of y^t kind. Then they
+write a leter to y^e marchants & adventures aboute y^e diferances
+concerning y^e conditions, as foloweth.
+
+  Aug. 3. An^o: 1620.
+
+  Beloved freinds, sory we are that ther should be occasion of writing
+  at all unto you, partly because we ever expected to see y^e most of
+  you hear, but espetially because ther should any differance at all be
+  conceived betweene us. But seing it faleth out that we cannot conferr
+  togeather, we thinke it meete (though brefly) to show you y^e just
+  cause & reason of our differing from those articles last made by
+  Robart Cushman, without our comission or knowledg. And though he might
+  propound good ends to himselfe, yet it no way justifies his doing it.
+  Our maine diference is in y^e 5. & 9. article, concerning y^e deviding
+  or holding of house and lands; the injoying wherof some of your selves
+  well know, was one spetiall motive, amongst many other, to provoke us
+  to goe. This was thought so reasonable, y^t when y^e greatest of you
+  in adventure (whom we have much cause to respecte), when he
+  propounded conditions to us freely of his owne accorde, he set this
+  downe for one; a coppy wherof we have sent unto you, with some
+  additions then added by us; which being liked on both sids, and a day
+  set for y^e paimente of moneys, those of Holland paid in theirs. After
+  y^t, Robart Cushman, M^r. Peirce, & M^r. Martine, brought them into a
+  better forme, & write them in a booke now extante; and upon Robarts
+  shewing them and delivering M^r. Mullins a coppy therof under his hand
+  (which we have), he payd in his money. And we of Holland had never
+  seen other before our coming to Hamton, but only as one got for him
+  selfe a private coppy of them; upon sight wherof we manyfested uter
+  dislike, but had put of our estats & were ready to come, and therfore
+  was too late to rejecte y^e vioage. Judge therfore we beseech you
+  indiferently of things, and if a faulte have bene co[=m]ited, lay it
+  wher it is, & not upon us, who have more cause to stand for y^e one,
+  then you have for y^e other. We never gave Robart Cushman comission to
+  make any one article for us, but only sent him to receive moneys upon
+  articles before agreed on, and to further y^e provissions till John
+  Carver came, and to assiste him in it. Yet since you conceive your
+  selves wronged as well as we, we thought meete to add a branch to y^e
+  end of our 9. article, as will allmost heale that wound of it selfe,
+  which you conceive to be in it. But that it may appeare to all men y^t
+  we are not lovers of our selves only, but desire also y^e good &
+  inriching of our freinds who have adventured your moneys with our
+  persons, we have added our last article to y^e rest, promising you
+  againe by leters in y^e behalfe of the whole company, that if large
+  profits should not arise within y^e 7. years, y^t we will continue
+  togeather longer with you, if y^e Lord give a blessing.[X] This we
+  hope is sufficente to satisfie any in this case, espetialy freinds,
+  since we are asured y^t if the whole charge was devided into 4. parts,
+  3. of them will not stand upon it, nether doe regarde it, &c. We are
+  in shuch a streate at presente, as we are forced to sell away 60^li.
+  worth of our provissions to cleare y^e Haven, & withall put our selves
+  upon great extremities, scarce haveing any butter, no oyle, not a sole
+  to mend a shoe, [39] nor every man a sword to his side, wanting many
+  muskets, much armoure, &c. And yet we are willing to expose our selves
+  to shuch eminente dangers as are like to insue, & trust to y^e good
+  providence of God, rather then his name & truth should be evill spoken
+  of for us. Thus saluting all of you in love, and beseeching the Lord
+  to give a blesing to our endeavore, and keepe all our harts in y^e
+  bonds of peace & love, we take leave & rest,
+
+  Yours, &c.
+
+  Aug. 3. 1620.
+
+
+It was subscribed with many names of y^e cheefest of y^e company.
+
+At their parting M^r. Robinson write a leter to y^e whole company, which
+though it hath already bene printed, yet I thought good here likwise to
+inserte it; as also a breefe leter writ at y^e same time to M^r. Carver,
+in which y^e tender love & godly care of a true pastor appears.
+
+  My dear Brother,--I received inclosed in your last leter y^e note of
+  information, w^ch I shall carefuly keepe & make use of as ther shall
+  be occasion. I have a true feeling of your perplexitie of mind & toyle
+  of body, but I hope that you who have allways been able so plentifully
+  to administer comforte unto others in their trials, are so well
+  furnished for your selfe as that farr greater difficulties then you
+  have yet undergone (though I conceive them to have been great enough)
+  cannot oppresse you, though they press you, as y^e Aspostle speaks.
+  The spirite of a man (sustained by y^e spirite of God) will sustaine
+  his infirmitie, I dout not so will yours. And y^e beter much when you
+  shall injoye y^e presence & help of so many godly & wise bretheren,
+  for y^e bearing of part of your burthen, who also will not admitte
+  into their harts y^e least thought of suspition of any y^e least
+  negligence, at least presumption, to have been in you, what so ever
+  they thinke in others. Now what shall I say or write unto you & your
+  goodwife my loving sister? even only this, I desire (& allways shall)
+  unto you from y^e Lord, as unto my owne soule; and assure your selfe
+  y^t my harte is with you, and that I will not forslowe my bodily
+  coming at y^e first oppertunitie. I have writen a large leter to y^e
+  whole, and am sorie I shall not rather speak then write to them; & the
+  more, considering y^e wante of a preacher, which I shall also make
+  sume spurr to my hastening after you. I doe ever co[=m]end my best
+  affection unto you, which if I thought you made any doubte of, I would
+  express in more, & y^e same more ample & full words. And y^e Lord in
+  whom you trust & whom you serve ever in this bussines & journey, guid
+  you with his hand, protecte you with his winge, and shew you & us his
+  salvation in y^e end, & bring us in y^e mean while togeather in y^e
+  place desired, if shuch be his good will, for his Christs sake.
+
+  Amen.
+  Yours, &c.
+  Jo: R.
+
+  July 27. 1620.
+
+This was y^e last letter y^t M^r. Carver lived to see from him. The
+other follows.
+
+  [Y]Lovinge Christian friends, I doe hartily & in y^e Lord salute you
+  all, as being they with whom I am presente in my best affection, and
+  most ernest longings after you, though I be constrained for a while to
+  be bodily absente from you. I say constrained, God knowing how
+  willingly, & much rather then otherwise, I would have borne my part
+  with you in this first brunt, were I not by strong necessitie held
+  back for y^e present. Make accounte of me in y^e mean while, as of a
+  man devided in my selfe with great paine, and as (naturall bonds set a
+  side) having my beter parte with [40] you. And though I doubt not but
+  in your godly wisdoms, you both foresee & resolve upon y^t which
+  concerneth your presente state & condition, both severally & joyntly,
+  yet have I thought it but my duty to add some furder spurr of
+  provocation unto them, who rune allready, if not because you need it,
+  yet because I owe it in love & dutie. And first, as we are daly to
+  renew our repentance with our God, espetially for our sines known, and
+  generally for our unknowne trespasses, so doth y^e Lord call us in a
+  singuler maner upon occasions of shuch difficultie & danger as lieth
+  upon you, to a both more narrow search & carefull reformation of your
+  ways in his sight; least he, calling to remembrance our sines
+  forgotten by us or unrepented of, take advantage against us, & in
+  judgmente leave us for y^e same to be swalowed up in one danger or
+  other; wheras, on the contrary, sine being taken away by ernest
+  repentance & y^e pardon therof from y^e Lord sealed up unto a mans
+  conscience by his spirite, great shall be his securitie and peace in
+  all dangers, sweete his comforts in all distresses, with hapie
+  deliverance from all evill, whether in life or in death.
+
+  Now next after this heavenly peace with God & our owne consciences, we
+  are carefully to provide for peace with all men what in us lieth,
+  espetially with our associats, & for y^e watchfullnes must be had,
+  that we neither at all in our selves doe give, no nor easily take
+  offence being given by others. Woe be unto y^e world for offences, for
+  though it be necessarie (considering y^e malice of Satan & mans
+  corruption) that offences come, yet woe unto y^e man or woman either
+  by whom y^e offence cometh, saith Christ, Mat. 18. 7. And if offences
+  in y^e unseasonable use of things in them selves indifferent, be more
+  to be feared then death itselfe, as y^e Apostle teacheth, 1. Cor. 9.
+  15. how much more in things simply evill, in which neither honour of
+  God nor love of man is thought worthy to be regarded. Neither yet is
+  it sufficiente y^t we keepe our selves by y^e grace of God from
+  giveing offence, exepte withall we be armed against y^e taking of them
+  when they be given by others. For how imperfect & lame is y^e work of
+  grace in y^t person, who wants charritie to cover a multitude of
+  offences, as y^e scriptures speake. Neither are you to be exhorted to
+  this grace only upon y^e co[=m]one grounds of Christianitie, which
+  are, that persons ready to take offence, either wante charitie, to
+  cover offences, of wisdome duly to waigh humane frailtie; or lastly,
+  are grosse, though close hipocrites, as Christ our Lord teacheth, Mat.
+  7. 1, 2, 3, as indeed in my owne experience, few or none have bene
+  found which sooner give offence, then shuch as easily take it; neither
+  have they ever proved sound & profitable members in societies, which
+  have nurished this touchey humor. But besids these, ther are diverse
+  motives provoking you above others to great care & conscience this
+  way: As first, you are many of you strangers, as to y^e persons, so to
+  y^e infirmities one of another, & so stand in neede of more
+  watchfullnes this way, least when shuch things fall out in men & women
+  as you suspected not, you be inordinatly affected with them; which
+  doth require at your hands much wisdome & charitie for y^e covering &
+  preventing of incident offences that way. And lastly, your intended
+  course of civill comunitie will minister continuall occasion of
+  offence, & will be as fuell for that fire, excepte you dilligently
+  quench it with brotherly forbearance. And if taking of offence
+  causlesly or easilie at mens doings be so carefuly to be avoyded, how
+  much more heed is to be taken y^t we take not offence at God him
+  selfe, which yet we certainly doe so oft[=e] as we doe murmure at his
+  providence in our crosses, or beare impatiently shuch afflictions as
+  wherwith he pleaseth to visite us. Store up therfore patience against
+  y^e evill day, without which we take offence at y^e Lord him selfe in
+  his holy & just works.
+
+  A 4. thing ther is carfully to be provided for, to witte, that with
+  your co[=m]one imployments you joyne co[=m]one affections truly bente
+  upon y^e generall good, avoyding as a deadly [41] plague of your both
+  co[=m]one & spetiall comfort all retirednes of minde for proper
+  advantage, and all singularly affected any maner of way; let every man
+  represe in him selfe & y^e whol body in each person, as so many rebels
+  against y^e commone good, all private respects of mens selves, not
+  sorting with y^e generall conveniencie. And as men are carfull not to
+  have a new house shaken with any violence before it be well setled &
+  y^e parts firmly knite, so be you, I beseech you, brethren, much more
+  carfull, y^t the house of God which you are, and are to be, be not
+  shaken with unnecessarie novelties or other oppositions at y^e first
+  setling therof.
+
+  Lastly, wheras you are become a body politik, using amongst your
+  selves civill govermente, and are not furnished with any persons of
+  spetiall eminencie above y^e rest, to be chosen by you into office of
+  goverment, let your wisdome & godlines appeare, not only in chusing
+  shuch persons as doe entirely love and will promote y^e co[=m]one
+  good, but also in yeelding unto them all due honour & obedience in
+  their lawfull administrations; not behoulding in them y^e
+  ordinarinesse of their persons, but Gods ordinance for your good, not
+  being like y^e foolish multitud who more honour y^e gay coate, then
+  either y^e vertuous minde of y^e man, or glorious ordinance of y^e
+  Lord. But you know better things, & that y^e image of y^e Lords power
+  & authoritie which y^e magistrate beareth, is honourable, in how meane
+  persons soever. And this dutie you both may y^e more willingly and
+  ought y^e more conscionably to performe, because you are at least for
+  y^e present to have only them for your ordinarie governours, which
+  your selves shall make choyse of for that worke.
+
+  Sundrie other things of importance I could put you in minde of, and of
+  those before mentioned, in more words, but I will not so farr wrong
+  your godly minds as to thinke you heedless of these things, ther being
+  also diverce among you so well able to admonish both them selves &
+  others of what concerneth them. These few things therfore, & y^e same
+  in few words, I doe ernestly co[=m]end unto your care & conscience,
+  joyning therwith my daily incessante prayers unto y^e Lord, y^t he who
+  hath made y^e heavens & y^e earth, y^e sea and all rivers of waters,
+  and whose providence is over all his workes, espetially over all his
+  dear children for good, would so guide & gard you in your wayes, as
+  inwardly by his Spirite, so outwardly by y^e hand of his power, as y^t
+  both you & we also, for & with you, may have after matter of praising
+  his name all y^e days of your and our lives. Fare you well in him in
+  whom you trust, and in whom I rest.
+
+  An unfained wellwiller of your hapie
+  success in this hopefull voyage,
+  JOHN ROBINSON.
+
+This letter, though large, yet being so frutfull in it selfe, and
+suitable to their occation, I thought meete to inserte in this place.
+
+All things being now ready, & every bussines dispatched, the company was
+caled togeather, and this letter read amongst them, which had good
+acceptation with all, and after fruit with many. Then they ordered &
+distributed their company for either shipe, as they conceived for y^e
+best. And chose a Governor & 2. or 3. assistants for each shipe, to
+order y^e people by y^e way, and see to y^e dispossing of there
+provissions, and shuch like affairs. All which was not only with y^e
+liking of y^e maisters of y^e ships, but according to their desires.
+Which being done, they sett sayle from thence aboute y^e 5. of August;
+but what befell them further upon y^e coast of England will appeare in
+y^e nexte chapter.
+
+
+
+
+The 8. Chap.
+
+_Off the troubls that befell them on the coaste, and at sea being
+forced, after much trouble, to leave one of ther ships & some of their
+companie behind them._
+
+
+[42] Being thus put to sea they had not gone farr, but M^r. Reinolds y^e
+master of y^e leser ship complained that he found his ship so leak as he
+durst not put further to sea till she was mended. So y^e m^r. of y^e
+biger ship (caled M^r. Jonas) being consulted with, they both resolved
+to put into Dartmouth & have her ther searched & mended, which
+accordingly was done, to their great charg & losse of time and a faire
+winde. She was hear thorowly searcht from steme to sterne, some leaks
+were found & mended, and now it was conceived by the workmen & all, that
+she was sufficiente, & they might proceede without either fear or
+danger. So with good hopes from hence, they put to sea againe,
+conceiving they should goe comfortably on, not looking for any more
+lets of this kind; but it fell out otherwise, for after they were gone
+to sea againe above 100. leagues without the Lands End, houlding company
+togeather all this while, the m^r. of y^e small ship complained his ship
+was so leake as he must beare up or sinke at sea, for they could scarce
+free her with much pumping. So they came to consultation againe, and
+resolved both ships to bear up backe againe & put into Pli[=m]oth, which
+accordingly was done. But no spetiall leake could be founde, but it was
+judged to be y^e generall weaknes of y^e shipe, and that shee would not
+prove sufficiente for the voiage. Upon which it was resolved to dismise
+her & parte of y^e companie, and proceede with y^e other shipe. The
+which (though it was greevous, & caused great discouragmente) was put in
+execution. So after they had tooke out such provission as y^e other ship
+could well stow, and concluded both what number and what persons to send
+bak, they made another sad parting, y^e one ship going backe for London,
+and y^e other was to proceede on her viage. Those that went bak were for
+the most parte such as were willing so to doe, either out of some
+discontente, or feare they conceived of y^e ill success of y^e vioage,
+seeing so many croses befale, & the year time so farr spente; but
+others, in regarde of their owne weaknes, and charge of many yonge
+children, were thought least usefull, and most unfite to bear y^e brunte
+of this hard adventure; unto which worke of God, and judgmente of their
+brethern, they were contented to submite. And thus, like Gedions armie,
+this small number was devided, as if y^e Lord by this worke of his
+providence thought these few to many for y^e great worke he had to doe.
+But here by the way let me show, how afterward it was found y^t the
+leaknes of this ship was partly by being over masted, and too much
+pressed with sayles; for after she was sould & put into her old trime,
+she made many viages & performed her service very sufficiently, to y^e
+great profite of her owners. But more espetially, by the cuning &
+deceite of y^e m^r. & his company, who were hired to stay a whole year
+in y^e cuntrie, and now fancying dislike & fearing wante of victeles,
+they ploted this strategem to free them selves; as afterwards was
+knowne, & by some of them confessed. For they apprehended y^t the
+greater ship, being of force, & in whom most of y^e provissions were
+stowed, she would retayne enough for her selfe, what soever became of
+them or y^e passengers; & indeed shuch speeches had bene cast out by
+some of them; and yet, besids other incouragments, y^e cheefe of them
+that came from Leyden wente in this shipe to give y^e m^r. contente. But
+so strong was self love & his fears, as he forgott all duty and [43]
+former kindnesses, & delt thus falsly with them, though he pretended
+otherwise. Amongest those that returned was M^r. Cushman & his familie,
+whose hart & courage was gone from them before, as it seems, though his
+body was with them till now he departed; as may appear by a passionate
+letter he write to a freind in London from Dartmouth, whilst y^e ship
+lay ther a mending; the which, besids y^e expressions of his owne fears,
+it shows much of y^e providence of God working for their good beyonde
+man's expectation, & other things concerning their condition in these
+streats. I will hear relate it. And though it discover some infirmities
+in him (as who under temtation is free), yet after this he continued to
+be a spetiall instrumente for their good, and to doe y^e offices of a
+loving freind & faithfull brother unto them, and pertaker of much
+comforte with them.
+
+The letter is as followth.
+
+  To his loving friend Ed: S.[Z] at Henige House in y^e Duks Place,
+  these, &c.
+
+  Dartmouth, Aug. 17.
+
+  Loving friend, my most kind remembrance to you & your wife, with
+  loving E. M. &c. whom in this world I never looke to see againe. For
+  besids y^e eminente dangers of this viage, which are no less then
+  deadly, an infirmitie of body hath ceased me, which will not in all
+  lie^{c}lyhoode leave me till death. What to call it I know not, but it
+  is a bundle of lead, as it were, crushing my harte more & more these
+  14. days, as that allthough I doe y^e acctions of a liveing man, yet I
+  am but as dead; but y^e will of God be done. Our pinass will not cease
+  leaking, els I thinke we had been halfe way at Virginia, our viage
+  hither hath been as full of crosses, as our selves have been of
+  crokednes. We put in hear to tri[=m]e her, & I thinke, as others
+  also, if we had stayed at sea but 3. or 4. howers more, shee would
+  have sunke right downe. And though she was twise tri[=m]ed at Hamton,
+  yet now shee is open and leakie as a seive; and ther was a borde, a
+  man might have puld of with his fingers, 2 foote longe, wher y^e water
+  came in as at a mole hole. We lay at Hamton 7. days, in fair weather,
+  waiting for her, and now we lye hear waiting for her in as faire a
+  wind as can blowe, and so have done these 4. days, and are like to lye
+  4. more, and by y^t time y^e wind will happily turne as it did at
+  Hampton. Our victualls will be halfe eaten up, I thinke, before we goe
+  from the coaste of England, and if our viage last longe, we shall not
+  have a months victialls when we come in y^e countrie. Neare 700^li.
+  hath bene bestowed at Hampton, upon what I know not. Mr. Martin saith
+  he neither can nor will give any accounte of it, and if he be called
+  upon for accounts he crieth out of unthankfullnes for his paines &
+  care, that we are susspitious of him, and flings away, & will end
+  nothing. Also he so insult[=e]h over our poore people, with shuch
+  scorne & contempte, as if they were not good enough to wipe his shoes.
+  It would break your hart to see his dealing,[AA] and y^e mourning of
+  our people. They complaine to me, & alass! I can doe nothing for them;
+  if I speake to him, he flies in my face, as mutinous, and saith no
+  complaints shall be heard or received but by him selfe, and saith they
+  are forwarde, & waspish, discontented people, & I doe ill to hear
+  them. Ther are others y^t would lose all they have put in, or make
+  satisfaction for what they have had, that they might departe: but he
+  will not hear them, nor suffer them to goe ashore, least they should
+  rune away. The sailors also are so offended at his ignorante bouldnes,
+  in medling & controuling in things he knows not what belongs too, as
+  y^t some threaten to misscheefe him, others say they will leave y^e
+  shipe & goe their way. But at y^e best this cometh of it, y^t he maks
+  him selfe a scorne & laughing stock unto them. As for M^r. Weston,
+  excepte grace doe greatly swaye with him, he will hate us ten times
+  more then ever he loved us, for not confirming y^e conditions. But
+  now, since some pinches have taken them, they begine to reveile y^e
+  trueth, & say M^r. Robinson was in y^e falte who charged them never to
+  consente to those conditions, nor chuse me into office, but indeede
+  apointed them to chose them they did chose.[AB] But he & they will rue
+  too late, they may [44] now see, & all be ashamed when it is too late,
+  that they were so ignorante, yea, & so inordinate in their courses. I
+  am sure as they were resolved not to seale those conditions, I was not
+  so resolute at Hampton to have left y^e whole bussines, excepte they
+  would seale them, & better y^e vioage to have bene broken of then,
+  then to have brought such miserie to our selves, dishonour to God, &
+  detrimente to our loving freinds, as now it is like to doe. 4. or 5.
+  of y^e cheefe of them which came from Leyden, came resolved never to
+  goe on those conditions. And M^r. Martine, he said he never received
+  no money on those conditions, he was not beholden to y^e marchants for
+  a pine, they were bloudsuckers, & I know not what. Simple man, he
+  indeed never made any conditions w^th the marchants, nor ever spake
+  with them. But did all that money flie to Hampton, or was it his owne?
+  Who will goe & lay out money so rashly & lavishly as he did, and never
+  know how he comes by it, or on what conditions? 2^ly. I tould him of
+  y^e alteration longe agoe, & he was contente; but now he dominires, &
+  said I had betrayed them into y^e hands of slaves; he is not beholden
+  to them, he can set out 2. ships him selfe to a viage. When, good man?
+  He hath but 50^li. in, & if he should give up his accounts he would
+  not have a penie left him, as I am persuaded,[AC] &c. Freind, if ever
+  we make a plantation, God works a mirakle; especially considering how
+  scante we shall be of victualls, and most of all ununited amongst our
+  selves, & devoyd of good tutors & regimente. Violence will break all.
+  Wher is y^e meek & humble spirite of Moyses? & of Nehemiah who
+  reedified y^e wals of Jerusalem, & y^e state of Israell? Is not y^e
+  sound of Rehoboams braggs daly hear amongst us? Have not y^e
+  philosophers and all wise men observed y^t, even in setled co[=m]one
+  welths, violente governours bring either them selves, or people, or
+  boath, to ruine; how much more in y^e raising of co[=m]one wealths,
+  when y^e morter is yet scarce tempered y^t should bind y^e wales. If I
+  should write to you of all things which promiscuously forerune our
+  ruine, I should over charge my weake head and greeve your tender hart;
+  only this, I pray you prepare for evill tidings of us every day. But
+  pray for us instantly, it may be y^e Lord will be yet entreated one
+  way or other to make for us. I see not in reason how we shall escape
+  even y^e gasping of hunger starved persons; but God can doe much, &
+  his will be done. It is better for me to dye, then now for me to bear
+  it, which I doe daly, & expecte it howerly; haveing received y^e
+  sentance of death, both within me & without me. Poore William King &
+  my selfe doe strive[AD] who shall be meate first for y^e fishes; but
+  we looke for a glorious resurrection, knowing Christ Jesus after y^e
+  flesh no more, but looking unto y^e joye y^t is before us, we will
+  endure all these things and accounte them light in comparison of y^t
+  joye we hope for. Remember me in all love to our freinds as if I named
+  them, whose praiers I desire ernestly, & wish againe to see, but not
+  till I can with more comforte looke them in y^e face. The Lord give us
+  that true comforte which none can take from us. I had a desire to make
+  a breefe relation of our estate to some freind. I doubte not but your
+  wisdome will teach you seasonably to utter things as here after you
+  shall be called to it. That which I have writen is treue, & many
+  things more which I have forborne. I write it as upon my life, and
+  last confession in England. What is of use to be spoken [45] of
+  presently, you may speake of it, and what is fitt to conceile,
+  conceall. Pass by my weake maner, for my head is weake, & my body
+  feeble, y^e Lord make me strong in him, & keepe both you & yours.
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  ROBART CUSHMAN.
+
+  Dartmouth, Aug. 17. 1620.
+
+
+These being his conceptions & fears at Dartmouth, they must needs be
+much stronger now at Plimoth.
+
+
+
+
+The 9. Chap.
+
+_Of their vioage, & how they passed y^e sea, and of their safe arrivall
+at Cape Codd._
+
+
+SEPT^R: 6. These troubls being blowne over, and now all being compacte
+togeather in one shipe,[AE] they put to sea againe with a prosperus
+winde, which continued diverce days togeather, which was some
+incouragmente unto them; yet according to y^e usuall maner many were
+afflicted with sea-sicknes. And I may not omite hear a spetiall worke of
+Gods providence. Ther was a proud & very profane yonge man, one of y^e
+sea-men, of a lustie, able body, which made him the more hauty; he
+would allway be contemning y^e poore people in their sicknes, & cursing
+them dayly with gre[=e]ous execrations, and did not let to tell them,
+that he hoped to help to cast halfe of them over board before they came
+to their jurneys end, and to make mery with what they had; and if he
+were by any gently reproved, he would curse and swear most bitterly. But
+it plased God before they came halfe seas over, to smite this yong man
+with a greeveous disease, of which he dyed in a desperate maner, and so
+was him selfe y^e first y^t was throwne overbord. Thus his curses light
+on his owne head; and it was an astonishmente to all his fellows, for
+they noted it to be y^e just hand of God upon him.
+
+After they had injoyed faire winds and weather for a season, they were
+incountred many times with crosse winds, and mette with many feirce
+stormes, with which y^e shipe was shroudly shaken, and her upper works
+made very leakie; and one of the maine beames in y^e midd ships was
+bowed & craked, which put them in some fear that y^e shipe could not be
+able to performe y^e vioage. So some of y^e cheefe of y^e company,
+perceiveing y^e mariners to feare y^e suffisiencie of y^e shipe, as
+appeared by their mutterings, they entred into serious consulltation
+with y^e m^r. & other officers of y^e ship, to consider in time of y^e
+danger; and rather to returne then to cast them selves into a desperate
+& inevitable perill. And truly ther was great distraction & differance
+of opinion amongst y^e mariners them selves; faine would they doe what
+could be done for their wages sake, (being now halfe the seas over,) and
+on y^e other hand they were loath to hazard their lives too desperatly.
+But in examening of all opinions, the m^r. & others affirmed they knew
+y^e ship to be stronge & firme under water; and for the buckling of y^e
+maine beame, ther was a great iron scrue y^e passengers brought out of
+Holland, which would raise y^e beame into his place; y^e which being
+done, the carpenter & m^r. affirmed that with a post put under it, set
+firme in y^e lower deck, & otherways bounde, he would make it
+sufficiente. And as for y^e decks & uper workes they would calke them as
+well as they could, and though with y^e workeing of y^e ship they [46]
+would not longe keepe stanch, yet ther would otherwise be no great
+danger, if they did not overpress her with sails. So they co[=m]ited
+them selves to y^e will of God, & resolved to proseede. In sundrie of
+these stormes the winds were so feirce, & y^e seas so high, as they
+could not beare a knote of saile, but were forced to hull, for diverce
+days togither. And in one of them, as they thus lay at hull, in a mighty
+storme, a lustie yonge man (called John Howland) coming upon some
+occasion above y^e grattings, was, with a seele of the shipe throwne
+into [y^e] sea; but it pleased God y^t he caught hould of y^e top-saile
+halliards, which hunge over board, & rane out at length; yet he held
+his hould (though he was sundrie fadomes under water) till he was hald
+up by y^e same rope to y^e brime of y^e water, and then with a boat
+hooke & other means got into y^e shipe againe, & his life saved; and
+though he was something ill with it, yet he lived many years after, and
+became a profitable member both in church & co[=m]one wealthe. In all
+this viage ther died but one of y^e passengers, which was William
+Butten, a youth, servant to Samuell Fuller, when they drew near y^e
+coast. But to omite other things, (that I may be breefe,) after longe
+beating at sea they fell with that land which is called Cape Cod; the
+which being made & certainly knowne to be it, they were not a litle
+joyfull. After some deliberation had amongst them selves & with y^e m^r.
+of y^e ship, they tacked aboute and resolved to stande for y^e southward
+(y^e wind & weather being faire) to finde some place aboute Hudsons
+river for their habitation. But after they had sailed y^t course aboute
+halfe y^e day, they fell amongst deangerous shoulds and roring breakers,
+and they were so farr intangled ther with as they conceived them selves
+in great danger; & y^e wind shrinking upon them withall, they resolved
+to bear up againe for the Cape, and thought them selves hapy to gett out
+of those dangers before night overtooke them, as by Gods providence they
+did. And y^e next day they gott into y^e Cape-harbor wher they ridd in
+saftie. A word or too by y^e way of this cape; it was thus first named
+by Capten Gosnole & his company,[AF] Anno: 1602, and after by Capten
+Smith was caled Cape James; but it retains y^e former name amongst
+seamen. Also y^t pointe which first shewed those dangerous shoulds unto
+them, they called Pointe Care, & Tuckers Terrour; but y^e French & Dutch
+to this day call it Malabarr, by reason of those perilous shoulds, and
+y^e losses they have suffered their.
+
+Being thus arived in a good harbor and brought safe to land, they fell
+upon their knees & blessed y^e God of heaven, who had brought them over
+y^e vast & furious ocean, and delivered them from all y^e periles &
+miseries therof, againe to set their feete on y^e firme and stable
+earth, their proper elemente. And no marvell if they were thus joyefull,
+seeing wise Seneca was so affected with sailing a few miles on y^e coast
+of his owne Italy; as he affirmed,[AG] that he had rather remaine
+twentie years on his way by land, then pass by sea to any place in a
+short time; so tedious & dreadfull was y^e same unto him.
+
+But hear I cannot but stay and make a pause, and stand half amased at
+this poore peoples presente condition; and so I thinke will the reader
+too, when he well considers [47] y^e same. Being thus passed y^e vast
+ocean, and a sea of troubles before in their preparation (as may be
+remembred by y^t which wente before), they had now no freinds to
+wellcome them, nor inns to entertaine or refresh their weatherbeaten
+bodys, no houses or much less townes to repaire too, to seeke for
+succoure. It is recorded in scripture[AH] as a mercie to y^e apostle &
+his shipwraked company, y^t the barbarians shewed them no smale kindnes
+in refreshing them, but these savage barbarians, when they mette with
+them (as after will appeare) were readier to fill their sids full of
+arrows then otherwise. And for y^e season it was winter, and they that
+know y^e winters of y^t cuntrie know them to be sharp & violent, &
+subjecte to cruell & feirce stormes, deangerous to travill to known
+places, much more to serch an unknown coast. Besids, what could they see
+but a hidious & desolate wildernes, full of wild beasts & willd men? and
+what multituds ther might be of them they knew not. Nether could they,
+as it were, goe up to y^e tope of Pisgah, to vew from this willdernes a
+more goodly cuntrie to feed their hops; for which way soever they turnd
+their eys (save upward to y^e heavens) they could have litle solace or
+content in respecte of any outward objects. For su[=m]er being done, all
+things stand upon them with a wetherbeaten face; and y^e whole countrie,
+full of woods & thickets, represented a wild & savage heiw. If they
+looked behind them, ther was y^e mighty ocean which they had passed, and
+was now as a maine barr & goulfe to seperate them from all y^e civill
+parts of y^e world. If it be said they had a ship to sucour them, it is
+trew; but what heard they daly from y^e m^r. & company? but y^t with
+speede they should looke out a place with their shallop, wher they would
+be at some near distance; for y^e season was shuch as he would not stirr
+from thence till a safe harbor was discovered by them wher they would
+be, and he might goe without danger; and that victells consumed apace,
+but he must & would keepe sufficient for them selves & their returne.
+Yea, it was muttered by some, that if they gott not a place in time,
+they would turne them & their goods ashore & leave them. Let it also be
+considred what weake hopes of supply & succoure they left behinde them,
+y^t might bear up their minds in this sade condition and trialls they
+were under; and they could not but be very smale. It is true, indeed,
+y^e affections & love of their brethren at Leyden was cordiall & entire
+towards them, but they had litle power to help them, or them selves; and
+how y^e case stode betweene them & y^e marchants at their coming away,
+hath allready been declared. What could now sustaine them but the
+spirite of God & his grace? May not & ought not the children of these
+fathers rightly say: _Our faithers were Englishmen which came over this
+great ocean, and were ready to perish in this willdernes;[AI] but they
+cried unto y^e Lord, and he heard their voyce, and looked on their
+adversitie, &c. Let them therfore praise y^e Lord, because he is good, &
+his mercies endure for ever._[AJ] _Yea, let them which have been
+redeemed of y^e Lord, shew how he hath delivered them from y^e hand of
+y^e oppressour. When they wandered in y^e deserte willdernes out of y^e
+way, and found no citie to dwell in, both hungrie, & thirstie, their
+sowle was overwhelmed in them. Let them confess before y^e Lord his
+loving kindnes, and his wonderfull works before y^e sons of men._
+
+
+
+
+The 10. Chap.
+
+_Showing how they sought out a place of habitation, and what befell them
+theraboute._
+
+
+[48] Being thus arrived at Cap-Cod y^e 11. of November, and necessitie
+calling them to looke out a place for habitation, (as well as the
+maisters & mariners importunitie,) they having brought a large shalop
+with them out of England, stowed in quarters in y^e ship, they now gott
+her out & sett their carpenters to worke to trime her up; but being much
+brused & shatered in y^e shipe w^th foule weather, they saw she would be
+longe in mending. Wherupon a few of them tendered them selves to goe by
+land and discovere those nearest places, whilst y^e shallop was in
+mending; and y^e rather because as they wente into y^t harbor ther
+seemed to be an opening some 2. or 3 leagues of, which y^e maister
+judged to be a river. It was conceived ther might be some danger in y^e
+attempte, yet seeing them resolute, they were permited to goe, being 16.
+of them well armed, under y^e conduct of Captain Standish, having shuch
+instructions given them as was thought meete. They sett forth y^e 15. of
+Nove^br: and when they had marched aboute the space of a mile by y^e sea
+side, they espied 5. or 6. persons with a dogg coming towards them, who
+were salvages; but they fled from them, & ra[=n]e up into y^e woods, and
+y^e English followed them, partly to see if they could speake with them,
+and partly to discover if ther might not be more of them lying in
+ambush. But y^e Indeans seeing them selves thus followed, they againe
+forsooke the woods, & rane away on y^e sands as hard as they could, so
+as they could not come near them, but followed them by y^e tracte of
+their feet sundrie miles, and saw that they had come the same way. So,
+night coming on, they made their randevous & set out their sentinels,
+and rested in quiete _y^t night_, and the next morning followed their
+tracte till they had headed a great creake, & so left the sands, &
+turned an other way into y^e woods. But they still followed them by
+geuss, hopeing to find their dwellings; but they soone lost both them &
+them selves, falling into shuch thickets as were ready to tear their
+cloaths & armore in peeces, but were most distresed for wante of
+drinke. But at length they found water & refreshed them selves, being
+y^e first New-England water they drunke of, and was now in thir great
+thirste as pleasante unto them as wine or bear had been in for-times.
+Afterwards they directed their course to come to y^e other [49] shore,
+for they knew it was a necke of land they were to crosse over, and so at
+length gott to y^e sea-side, and marched to this supposed river, & by
+y^e way found a pond of clear fresh water, and shortly after a good
+quantitie of clear ground wher y^e Indeans had formerly set corne, and
+some of their graves. And proceeding furder they saw new-stuble wher
+corne had been set y^e same year, also they found wher latly a house had
+been, wher some planks and a great ketle was remaining, and heaps of
+sand newly padled with their hands, which they, digging up, found in
+them diverce faire Indean baskets filled with corne, and some in eares,
+faire and good, of diverce collours, which seemed to them a very goodly
+sight, (haveing never seen any shuch before). This was near y^e place of
+that supposed river they came to seeck; unto which they wente and found
+it to open it selfe into 2. armes with a high cliffe of sand in y^e
+enterance, but more like to be crikes of salte water then any fresh, for
+ought they saw; and that ther was good harborige for their shalope;
+leaving it further to be discovered by their shalop when she was ready.
+So their time limeted them being expired, they returned to y^e ship,
+least they should be in fear of their saftie; and tooke with them parte
+of y^e corne, and buried up y^e rest, and so like y^e men from Eshcoll
+carried with them of y^e fruits of y^e land, & showed their breethren;
+of which, & their returne, they were marvelusly glad, and their harts
+incouraged.
+
+After this, y^e shalop being got ready, they set out againe for y^e
+better discovery of this place, & y^e m^r. of y^e ship desired to goe
+him selfe, so ther went some 30. men, but found it to be no harbor for
+ships but only for boats; ther was allso found 2. of their houses
+covered with matts, & sundrie of their implements in them, but y^e
+people were rune away & could not be seen; also ther was found more of
+their corne, & of their beans of various collours. The corne & beans
+they brought away, purposing to give them full satisfaction when they
+should meete with any of them (as about some 6. months afterward they
+did, to their good contente). And here is to be noted a spetiall
+providence of God, and a great mercie to this poore people, that hear
+they gott seed to plant them corne y^e next year, or els they might have
+starved, for they had none, nor any liklyhood to get any [50] till y^e
+season had beene past (as y^e sequell did manyfest). Neither is it
+lickly they had had this, if y^e first viage had not been made, for the
+ground was now all covered with snow, & hard frozen. But the Lord is
+never wanting unto his in their greatest needs; let his holy name have
+all y^e praise.
+
+The month of November being spente in these affairs, & much foule
+weather falling in, the 6. _of Desem^r_: they sente out their shallop
+againe with 10. of their principall men, & some sea men, upon further
+discovery, intending to circulate that deepe bay of Cap-codd. The
+weather was very could, & it frose so hard as y^e sprea of y^e sea
+lighting on their coats, they were as if they had been glased; yet _that
+night_ betimes they gott downe into y^e botome of y^e bay, and as they
+drue nere y^e shore they saw some 10. or 12. Indeans very busie aboute
+some thing. They landed aboute a league or 2. from them, and had much a
+doe to put a shore any wher, it lay so full of flats. Being landed, it
+grew late, and they made them selves a barricade with loggs & bowes as
+well as they could in y^e time, & set out their sentenill & betooke them
+to rest, and saw y^e smoake of y^e fire y^e savages made y^t night. When
+_morning_ was come they devided their company, some to coaste along y^e
+shore in y^e boate, and the rest marched throw y^e woods to see y^e
+land, if any fit place might be for their dwelling. They came allso to
+y^e place wher they saw the Indans y^e night before, & found they had
+been cuting up a great fish like a grampus, being some 2. inches thike
+of fate like a hogg, some peeces wher of they had left by y^e way; and
+y^e shallop found 2. more of these fishes dead on y^e sands, a thing
+usuall after storms in y^t place, by reason of y^e great flats of sand
+that lye of. So they ranged up and doune all y^t day, but found no
+people, nor any place they liked. When y^e sune grue low, they hasted
+out of y^e woods to meete with their shallop, to whom they made signes
+to come to them into a _creeke_ hardby, the which they did at highwater;
+of which they were very glad, for they had not seen each other all y^t
+day, since y^e morning. So they made them a barricado (as usually they
+did every night) with loggs, staks, & thike pine bowes, y^e height of a
+man, leaving it open to leeward, partly to shelter them from y^e could &
+wind (making their fire in y^e midle, & lying round aboute it), and
+partly to defend them from any sudden assaults of y^e savags, if they
+should surround them. So being very weary, they betooke them to rest.
+But aboute _midnight_, [51] they heard a hideous & great crie, and their
+sentinell caled, "Arme, arme"; so they bestired them & stood to their
+armes, & shote of a cupple of moskets, and then the noys seased. They
+concluded it was a companie of wolves, or such like willd beasts; for
+one of y^e sea men tould them he had often heard shuch a noyse in
+New-found land. So they rested till about 5. of y^e clock in the
+_morning_; for y^e tide, & ther purposs to goe from thence, made them be
+stiring betimes. So after praier they prepared for breakfast, and it
+being day dawning, it was thought best to be carring things downe to
+y^e boate. But some said it was not best to carrie y^e armes downe,
+others said they would be the readier, for they had laped them up in
+their coats from y^e dew. But some 3. or 4. would not cary theirs till
+they wente them selves, yet as it fell out, y^e water being not high
+enough, they layed them downe on y^e banke side, & came up to breakfast.
+But presently, all on y^e sudain, they heard a great & strange crie,
+which they knew to be the same voyces they heard in y^e night, though
+they varied their notes, & one of their company being abroad came runing
+in, & cried, "Men, Indeans, Indeans"; and w^{th}all, their arowes came
+flying amongst them. Their men rane with all speed to recover their
+armes, as by y^e good providence of God they did. In y^e mean time, of
+those that were ther ready, tow muskets were discharged at them, & 2.
+more stood ready in y^e enterance of ther randevoue, but were comanded
+not to shoote till they could take full aime at them; & y^e other 2.
+charged againe with all speed, for ther were only 4. had armes ther, &
+defended y^e baricado which was first assalted. The crie of y^e Indeans
+was dreadfull, espetially when they saw ther men rune out of y^e
+randevoue towourds y^e shallop, to recover their armes, the Indeans
+wheeling aboute upon them. But some ru[=n]ing out with coats of malle
+on, & cutlasses in their hands, they soone got their armes, & let flye
+amongs them, and quickly stopped their violence. Yet ther was a lustie
+man, and no less valiante, stood behind a tree within halfe a musket
+shot, and let his arrows flie at them. He was seen shoot 3. arrowes,
+which were all avoyded. He stood 3. shot of a musket, till one taking
+full aime at him, and made y^e barke or splinters of y^e tree fly about
+his ears, after which he gave an extraordinary shrike, and away they
+wente all of them. They left some to keep y^e shalop, and followed them
+aboute a quarter of a mille, and shouted once or twise, and shot of 2.
+or 3. peces, & so returned. This they did, that they might conceive that
+they were not [52] affrade of them or any way discouraged. Thus it
+pleased God to vanquish their enimies, and give them deliverance; and by
+his spetiall providence so to dispose that not any one of them were
+either hurte, or hitt, though their arrows came close by them, & on
+every side them, and sundry of their coats, which hunge up in y^e
+barricado, were shot throw & throw. Aterwards they gave God sollamne
+thanks & praise for their deliverance, & gathered up a bundle of their
+arrows, & sente them into England afterward by y^e m^r. of y^e ship, and
+called that place y^e first encounter. From hence they departed, &
+costed all along, but discerned no place likly for harbor; & therfore
+hasted to a place that their pillote, (one Mr. Coppin who had bine in
+y^e cuntrie before) did assure them was a good harbor, which he had
+been in, and they might fetch it before night; of which they were glad,
+for it begane to be foule weather. After some houres sailing, it begane
+to snow & raine, & about y^e midle of y^e afternoone, y^e wind
+increased, & y^e sea became very rough, and they broake their rudder, &
+it was as much as 2. men could doe to steere her with a cupple of oares.
+But their pillott bad them be of good cheere, for he saw y^e harbor; but
+y^e storme increasing, & night drawing on, they bore what saile they
+could to gett in, while they could see. But herwith they broake their
+mast in 3. peeces, & their saill fell over bord, in a very grown sea, so
+as they had like to have been cast away; yet by Gods mercie they
+recovered them selves, & having y^e floud with them, struck into y^e
+harbore. But when it came too, y^e pillott was deceived in y^e place,
+and said, y^e Lord be mercifull unto them, for his eys never saw y^t
+place before; & he & the m^r. mate would have rune her ashore, in a cove
+full of breakers, before y^e winde. But a lusty seaman which steered,
+bad those which rowed, if they were men, about with her, or ells they
+were all cast away; the which they did with speed. So he bid them be of
+good cheere & row lustly, for ther was a faire sound before them, & he
+doubted not but they should find one place or other wher they might ride
+in saftie. And though it was _very darke_, and rained sore, yet in y^e
+end they gott under y^e lee of a smalle iland, and remained ther all
+y^t night in saftie. But they knew not this to be an iland till morning,
+but were devided in their minds; some would keepe y^e boate for fear
+they might be amongst y^e Indians; others were so weake and could, they
+could not endure, but got a shore, & with much adoe got fire, (all
+things being so wett,) and y^e rest were glad to come to them; for after
+midnight y^e wind shifted to the [53] north-west, & it frose hard. But
+though this had been a day & night of much trouble & danger unto them,
+yet God gave them a _morning_ of comforte & refreshing (as usually he
+doth to his children), for y^e next day was a faire sunshin[=i]g day,
+and they found them sellvs to be on an iland secure from y^e Indeans,
+wher they might drie their stufe, fixe their peeces, & rest them selves,
+and gave God thanks for his mercies, in their manifould deliverances.
+And this being the _last day of y^e weeke_, they prepared ther to keepe
+y^e _Sabath_. On _Munday_ they sounded y^e harbor, and founde it fitt
+for shipping; and marched into y^e land, & found diverse cornfeilds, &
+litle runing brooks, a place (as they supposed) fitt for situation; at
+least it was y^e best they could find, and y^e season, & their presente
+necessitie, made them glad to accepte of it. So they returned to their
+shipp againe with this news to y^e rest of their people, which did much
+comforte their harts.
+
+On y^e 15. _of Desem^r_: they wayed anchor to goe to y^e place they had
+discovered, & came within 2. leagues of it, but were faine to bear up
+againe; but y^e 16. _day_ y^e winde came faire, and they arrived safe in
+this harbor. And after wards tooke better view of y^e place, and
+resolved wher to pitch their dwelling; and y^e 25. _day_ begane to
+erecte y^e first house for co[=m]one use to receive them and their
+goods.
+
+
+
+
+The 2. Booke.
+
+The rest of this History (if God give me life, & opportunitie) I shall,
+for brevitis sake, handle by way of _annalls_, noteing only the heads of
+principall things, and passages as they fell in order of time, and may
+seeme to be profitable to know, or to make use of. And this may be as
+y^e 2. Booke.
+
+
+_The remainder of An^o:_ 1620.
+
+I shall a litle returne backe and begine with a combination made by them
+before they came ashore, being y^e first foundation of their govermente
+in this place; occasioned partly by y^e discontented & mutinous speeches
+that some of the strangers amongst them had let fall from them in y^e
+ship--That when they came a shore they would use their owne libertie;
+for none had power to co[=m]and them, the patente they had being for
+Virginia, and not for New-england, which belonged to an other Goverment,
+with which y^e Virginia Company had nothing to doe. And partly that
+shuch an [54] acte by them done (this their condition considered) might
+be as firme as any patent, and in some respects more sure.
+
+The forme was as followeth.
+
+  In y^e name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwriten, the loyall
+  subjects of our dread soveraigne Lord, King James, by y^e grace of
+  God, of Great Britaine, Franc, & Ireland king, defender of y^e faith,
+  &c., haveing undertaken, for y^e glorie of God, and advancemente of
+  y^e Christian faith, and honour of our king & countrie, a voyage to
+  plant y^e first colonie in y^e Northerne parts of Virginia, doe by
+  these presents solemnly & mutualy in y^e presence of God, and one of
+  another, covenant & combine our selves togeather into a civill body
+  politick, for our better ordering & preservation & furtherance of y^e
+  ends aforesaid; and by vertue hearof to enacte, constitute, and frame
+  such just & equall lawes, ordinances, acts, constitutions, & offices,
+  from time to time, as shall be thought most meete & convenient for y^e
+  generall good of y^e Colonie, unto which we promise all due submission
+  and obedience. In witnes wherof we have hereunder subscribed our names
+  at Cap-Codd y^e 11. of November, in y^e year of y^e raigne of our
+  soveraigne lord, King James, of England, France, & Ireland y^e
+  eighteenth, and of Scotland y^e fiftie fourth. An^o: Dom. 1620.
+
+After this they chose, or rather confirmed, M^r. John Carver (a man
+godly & well approved amongst them) their Governour for that year. And
+after they had provided a place for their goods, or comone store, (which
+were long in unlading for want of boats, foulnes of winter weather, and
+sicknes of diverce,) and begune some small cottages for their
+habitation, as time would admitte, they mette and consulted of lawes &
+orders, both for their civill & military Govermente, as y^e necessitie
+of their condition did require, still adding therunto as urgent occasion
+in severall times, and as cases did require.
+
+In these hard & difficulte beginings they found some discontents &
+murmurings arise amongst some, and mutinous speeches & carriags in
+other; but they were soone quelled & overcome by y^e wisdome, patience,
+and just & equall carrage of things by y^e Gov^r and better part, w^ch
+clave faithfully togeather in y^e maine. But that which was most sadd &
+lamentable was, that in 2. or 3. moneths time halfe of their company
+dyed, espetialy in Jan: & February, being y^e depth of winter, and
+wanting houses & other comforts; being infected with y^e scurvie & [55]
+other diseases, which this long vioage & their inacomodate condition had
+brought upon them; so as ther dyed some times 2. or 3. of a day, in y^e
+foresaid time; that of 100. & odd persons, scarce 50. remained. And of
+these in y^e time of most distres, ther was but 6. or 7. sound persons,
+who, to their great comendations be it spoken, spared no pains, night
+nor day, but with abundance of toyle and hazard of their owne health,
+fetched them woode, made them fires, drest them meat, made their beads,
+washed their lothsome cloaths, cloathed & uncloathed them; in a word,
+did all y^e homly & necessarie offices for them w^ch dainty & quesie
+stomacks cannot endure to hear named; and all this willingly &
+cherfully, without any grudging in y^e least, shewing herein their true
+love unto their freinds & bretheren. A rare example & worthy to be
+remembred. Tow of these 7. were M^r. William Brewster, ther reverend
+Elder, & Myles Standish, ther Captein & military comander, unto whom my
+selfe, & many others, were much beholden in our low & sicke condition.
+And yet the Lord so upheld these persons, as in this generall calamity
+they were not at all infected either with sicknes, or lamnes. And what I
+have said of these, I may say of many others who dyed in this generall
+vissitation, & others yet living, that whilst they had health, yea, or
+any strength continuing, they were not wanting to any that had need of
+them. And I doute not but their recompence is with y^e Lord.
+
+But I may not hear pass by an other remarkable passage not to be
+forgotten. As this calamitie fell among y^e passengers that were to be
+left here to plant, and were hasted a shore and made to drinke water,
+that y^e sea-men might have y^e more bear, and one[AK] in his sicknes
+desiring but a small cann of beere, it was answered, that if he were
+their owne father he should have none; the disease begane to fall
+amongst them also, so as allmost halfe of their company dyed before they
+went away, and many of their officers and lustyest men, as y^e boatson,
+gunner, 3. quarter-maisters, the cooke, & others. At w^ch y^e m^r. was
+something strucken and sent to y^e sick a shore and tould y^e Gov^r he
+should send for beer for them that had need of it, though he drunke
+water homward bound. But now amongst his company [56] ther was farr
+another kind of carriage in this miserie then amongst y^e passengers;
+for they that before had been boone companions in drinking & joyllity in
+y^e time of their health & wellfare, begane now to deserte one another
+in this calamitie, saing they would not hasard ther lives for them, they
+should be infected by coming to help them in their cabins, and so, after
+they came to dye by it, would doe litle or nothing for them, but if they
+dyed let them dye. But shuch of y^e passengers as were yet abord shewed
+them what mercy they could, w^ch made some of their harts relente, as
+y^e boatson (& some others), who was a prowd yonge man, and would often
+curse & scofe at y^e passengers; but when he grew weak, they had
+compassion on him and helped him; then he confessed he did not deserve
+it at their hands, he had abused them in word & deed. O! saith he, you,
+I now see, shew your love like Christians indeed one to another, but we
+let one another lye & dye like doggs. Another lay cursing his wife,
+saing if it had not ben for her he had never come this unlucky viage,
+and anone cursing his felows, saing he had done this & that, for some of
+them, he had spente so much, & so much, amongst them, and they were now
+weary of him, and did not help him, having need. Another gave his
+companion all he had, if he died, to help him in his weaknes; he went
+and got a litle spise & made him a mess of meat once or twise, and
+because he dyed not so soone as he expected, he went amongst his
+fellows, & swore y^e rogue would cousen him, he would see him choaked
+before he made him any more meate; and yet y^e pore fellow dyed before
+morning.
+
+All this while y^e Indians came skulking about them, and would sometimes
+show them selves aloofe of, but when any aproached near them, they would
+rune away. And once they stoale away their tools wher they had been at
+worke, & were gone to diner. But about y^e 16. _of March_ a certaine
+Indian came bouldly amongst them, and spoke to them in broken English,
+which they could well understand, but marvelled at it. At length they
+understood by discourse with him, that he was not of these parts, but
+belonged to y^e eastrene parts, wher some English-ships came to fhish,
+with whom he was aquainted, & could name sundrie of them by their names,
+amongst whom he had gott his language. He became proftable to them [57]
+in aquainting them with many things concerning y^e state of y^e cuntry
+in y^e east-parts wher he lived, which was afterwards profitable unto
+them; as also of y^e people hear, of their names, number, & strength; of
+their situation & distance from this place, and who was cheefe amongst
+them. His name was _Samaset_; he tould them also of another Indian whos
+name was _Squanto_, a native of this place, who had been in England &
+could speake better English then him selfe. Being, after some time of
+entertainmente & gifts, dismist, a while after he came againe, & 5. more
+with him, & they brought againe all y^e tooles that were stolen away
+before, and made way for y^e coming of their great Sachem, called
+_Massasoyt_; who, about _4. or 5. days after_, came with the cheefe of
+his freinds & other attendance, with the aforesaid _Squanto_. With whom,
+after frendly entertainment, & some gifts given him, they made a peace
+with him (which hath now continued this 24. years) in these terms.
+
+1. That neither he nor any of his, should injurie or doe hurte to any of
+their peopl.
+
+2. That if any of his did any hurte to any of theirs, he should send y^e
+offender, that they might punish him.
+
+3. That if any thing were taken away from any of theirs, he should cause
+it to be restored; and they should doe y^e like to his.
+
+4. If any did unjustly warr against him, they would aide him; if any did
+warr against them, he should aide them.
+
+5. He should send to his neighbours confederats, to certifie them of
+this, that they might not wrong them, but might be likewise comprised in
+y^e conditions of peace.
+
+6. That when ther men came to them, they should leave their bows &
+arrows behind them.
+
+After these things he returned to his place caled _Sowams_, some 40.
+mile from this place, but _Squanto_ continued with them, and was their
+interpreter, and was a spetiall instrument sent of God for their good
+beyond their expectation. He directed them how to set their corne, wher
+to take fish, and to procure other comodities, and was also their pilott
+to bring them to unknowne places for their profitt, and never left them
+till he dyed. He was a _native [58] of this place_, & scarce any left
+alive besids him selfe. He was caried away with diverce others by one
+_Hunt_, a m^r. of a ship, who thought to sell them for slaves in Spaine;
+but he got away for England, and was entertained by a marchante in
+London, & imployed to New-foundland & other parts, & lastly brought
+hither into these parts by one M^r. _Dermer_, a gentle-man imployed by
+Sr. Ferdinando Gorges & others, for discovery, & other designes in these
+parts. Of whom I shall say some thing, because it is mentioned in a
+booke set forth An^o: 1622. by the Presidente & Counsell for
+New-England,[AL] that he made y^e peace betweene y^e salvages of these
+parts & y^e English; of which this plantation, as it is intimated, had
+y^e benefite. But what a peace it was, may apeare by what befell him &
+his men.
+
+This M^r. Dermer was hear the same year that these people came, as
+apears by a relation written by him, & given me by a friend, bearing
+date June 30. An^o: 1620. And they came in Novemb^r: following, so ther
+was but 4. months differance. In which relation to his honored freind,
+he hath these passages of this very place.
+
+  I will first begine (saith he) w^th that place from whence _Squanto_,
+  or _Tisquantem_, was taken away; w^ch in Cap: _Smiths mape_ is called
+  _Plimoth_: and I would that Plimoth had y^e like comodities. I would
+  that the first plantation might hear be seated, if ther come to the
+  number of 50. persons, or upward. Otherwise at Charlton, because ther
+  y^e savages are lese to be feared. The _Pocanawkits_, which live to
+  y^e _west_ of _Plimoth_, bear an inveterate malice to y^e English, and
+  are of more streingth then all y^e savags from thence to Penobscote.
+  Their desire of revenge was occasioned by an English man, who having
+  many of them on bord, made a great slaughter with their murderers &
+  smale shot, when as (they say) they offered no injurie on their parts.
+  Whether they were English or no, it may be douted; yet they beleeve
+  they were, for y^e Frenche have so possest them; for which cause
+  _Squanto_ ca[=n]ot deney but they would have kiled me when I was at
+  _Namasket_, had he not entreated hard for me. The soyle of y^e borders
+  of [59] this great bay, may be compared to most of y^e plantations
+  which I have seene in Virginia. The land is of diverce sorts; for
+  _Patuxite_ is a hardy but strong soyle, _Nawsel & Saughtughtett_ are
+  for y^e most part a blakish & deep mould, much like that wher groweth
+  y^e best Tobaco in Virginia. In y^e botume of y^t great bay is store
+  of Codd & basse, or mulett, &c.
+
+But above all he comends _Pacanawkite_ for y^e richest soyle, and much
+open ground fitt for English graine, &c.
+
+  _Massachussets_ is about 9. leagues from _Plimoth_, & situate in y^e
+  mids betweene both, is full of ilands & peninsules very fertill for
+  y^e most parte.
+
+With sundrie shuch relations which I forbear to transcribe, being now
+better knowne then they were to him.
+
+He was taken prisoner by y^e Indeans at _Manamoiak_ (a place not farr
+from hence, now well knowne). He gave them what they demanded for his
+liberty, but when they had gott what they desired, they kept him still &
+indevored to kill his men; but he was freed by seasing on some of them,
+and kept them bound till they gave him a cannows load of corne. Of
+which, see Purch: lib. 9. fol. 1778. But this was An^o: 1619.
+
+After y^e writing of y^e former relation he came to y^e Ile of
+_Capawack_ (which lyes south of this place in y^e way to Virginia), and
+y^e foresaid _Squanto_ w^th him, wher he going a shore amongst y^e
+Indans to trad, as he used to doe, was betrayed & assaulted by them, &
+_all his men slaine, but one that kept the boat_; but him selfe gott
+abord very sore wounded, & they had cut of his head upon y^e cudy of his
+boat, had not y^e man reskued him with a sword. And so they got away, &
+made shift to gett into Virginia, wher he dyed; whether of his wounds or
+y^e diseases of y^e cuntrie, or both togeather, is uncertaine. [60] By
+all which it may appeare how farr these people were from peace, and with
+what danger this plantation was begune, save as y^e powerfull hand of
+the Lord did protect them. These things[AM] were partly the reason why
+they kept aloofe & were so long before they came to the English. An
+other reason (as after them selvs made kno[=w]) was how aboute 3. _years
+before_, a French-ship was cast away at _Cap-Codd_, but y^e men gott
+ashore, & saved their lives, and much of their victails, & other goods;
+but after y^e Indeans heard of it, they geathered togeather from these
+parts, and never left watching & dogging them till they got advantage,
+and _kild them all but 3. or 4._ which they kept, & sent from one Sachem
+to another, to make sporte with, and used them worse then slaves; (of
+which y^e foresaid M^r. Dermer redeemed 2. of them;) and they conceived
+this ship was now come to revenge it.
+
+Also, (as after was made knowne,) before they came to y^e English to
+make freindship, they gott all the _Powachs_ of y^e cuntrie, for 3. days
+togeather, in a horid and divellish maner to curse & execrate them with
+their cunjurations, which asembly & service they held in a darke &
+dismale swampe.
+
+But to returne. The spring now approaching, it pleased God the
+mortalitie begane to cease amongst them, and y^e sick and lame recovered
+apace, which put as it were new life into them; though they had borne
+their sadd affliction with much patience & contentednes, as I thinke
+any people could doe. But it was y^e Lord which upheld them, and had
+beforehand prepared them; many having long borne y^e yoake, yea from
+their youth. Many other smaler maters I omite, sundrie of them having
+been allready published in a Jurnall made by one of the company; and
+some other passages of jurneys and relations allredy published, to which
+I referr those that are willing to know them more perticulerly. And
+being now come to y^e 25. of March I shall begine y^e year 1621.
+
+[61] _Anno. 1621._
+
+They now begane to dispatch y^e ship away which brought them over, which
+lay tille aboute this time, or y^e begining of Aprill. The reason on
+their parts why she stayed so long, was y^e necessitie and danger that
+lay upon them, for it was well towards y^e ende of Desember before she
+could land any thing hear, or they able to receive any thing ashore.
+Afterwards, y^e 14. of Jan: the house which they had made for a generall
+randevoze by casulty fell afire, and some were faine to retire abord for
+shilter. Then the sicknes begane to fall sore amongst them, and y^e
+weather so bad as they could not make much sooner any dispatch. Againe,
+the Gov^r & cheefe of them, seeing so many dye, and fall downe sick
+dayly, thought it no wisdom to send away the ship, their condition
+considered, and y^e danger they stood in from y^e Indeans, till they
+could procure some shelter; and therfore thought it better to draw some
+more charge upon them selves & freinds, then hazard all. The m^r. and
+sea-men likewise, though before they hasted y^e passengers a shore to be
+goone, now many of their men being dead, & of y^e ablest of them, (as is
+before noted,) and of y^e rest many lay sick & weake, y^e m^r. durst not
+put to sea, till he saw his men begine to recover, and y^e hart of
+winter over.
+
+Afterwards they (as many as were able) began to plant ther corne, in
+which servise Squanto stood them in great stead, showing them both y^e
+maner how to set it, and after how to dress & tend it. Also he tould
+them excepte they gott fish & set with it (in these old grounds) it
+would come to nothing, and he showed them y^t in y^e midle of Aprill
+they should have store enough come up y^e brooke, by which they begane
+to build, and taught them how to take it, and wher to get other
+provissions necessary for them; all which they found true by triall &
+experience. Some English seed they sew, as wheat & pease, but it came
+not to good, eather by y^e badnes of y^e seed, or latenes of y^e season,
+or both, or some other defecte.
+
+[62] In this month of _Aprill_ whilst they were bussie about their seed,
+their Gov^r (M^r. John Carver) came out of y^e feild very sick, it being
+a hott day; he complained greatly of his head, and lay downe, and within
+a few howers his sences failed, so as he never spake more till he dyed,
+which was within a few days after. Whoss death was much lamented, and
+caused great heavines amongst them, as ther was cause. He was buried in
+y^e best maner they could, with some vollies of shott by all that bore
+armes; and his wife, being a weak woman, dyed within 5. or 6. weeks
+after him.
+
+Shortly after William Bradford was chosen Gove^r in his stead, and being
+not yet recoverd of his ilnes, in which he had been near y^e point of
+death, Isaak Allerton was chosen to be an Asistante unto him, who, by
+renewed election every year, continued sundry years togeather, which I
+hear note once for all.
+
+_May 12._ was y^e first mariage in this place, which, according to y^e
+laudable custome of the Low-Cuntries, in which they had lived, was
+thought most requisite to be performed by the magistrate, as being a
+civill thing, upon which many questions aboute inheritances doe depende,
+with other things most proper to their cognizans, and most consonante to
+y^e scripturs, Ruth 4. and no wher found in y^e gospell to be layed on
+y^e ministers as a part of their office. "This decree or law about
+mariage was published by y^e Stats of y^e Low-Cuntries An^o: 1590. That
+those of any religion, after lawfull and open publication, coming before
+y^e magistrats, in y^e Town or Stat-house, were to be orderly (by them)
+maried one to another." Petets Hist, fol: 1029. And this practiss hath
+continued amongst, not only them, but hath been followed by all y^e
+famous churches of Christ in these parts to this time,--An^o: 1646.
+
+Haveing in some sorte ordered their bussines at home, it was thought
+meete to send some abroad to see their new friend Massasoyet, and to
+bestow upon him some gratuitie to bind him y^e faster unto them; as also
+that hearby they might veiw y^e countrie, and see in what maner he
+lived, what strength he had aboute him, and how y^e ways were to his
+place, if at any time they should have occasion. So y^e 2. _of July_
+they sente M^r. Edward Winslow & M^r. Hopkins, with y^e foresaid Squanto
+for ther guid, who gave him a suite of cloaths, and a horsemans coate,
+with some other small things, which were kindly accepted; but they found
+but short co[=m]ons, and came both weary & hungrie home. For y^e Indeans
+used then to have nothing [63] so much corne as they have since y^e
+English have stored them with their hows, and seene their industrie in
+breaking up new grounds therwith. _They found his place to be 40. miles
+from hence_, y^e soyle good, & y^e people not many, being dead &
+abundantly wasted in y^e late great mortalitie which fell in all these
+parts aboute _three years_ before y^e coming of y^e English, wherin
+thousands of them dyed, they not being able to burie one another; ther
+sculs and bones were found in many places lying still above ground,
+where their houses & dwellings had been; a very sad spectackle to
+behould. But they brought word that y^e Narighansets lived but on y^e
+other side of that great bay, & were a strong people, & many in number,
+living compacte togeather, & had not been at all touched with this
+wasting plague.
+
+Aboute y^e _later end of this month_, one John Billington lost him selfe
+in y^e woods, & wandered up & downe some 5. days, living on beries &
+what he could find. At length he light on an Indean plantation, 20. mils
+south of this place, called _Manamet_, they conveid him furder of, to
+_Nawsett_, among those peopl that had before set upon y^e English when
+they were costing, whilest y^e ship lay at y^e Cape, as is before noted.
+But y^e Gove^r caused him to be enquired for among y^e Indeans, and at
+length Massassoyt sent word wher he was, and y^e Gove^r sent a shalop
+for him, & had him delivered. Those people also came and made their
+peace; and they gave full satisfaction to those whose come they had
+found & taken when they were at Cap-Codd.
+
+Thus ther peace & aquaintance was prety well establisht w^th the natives
+aboute them; and ther was an other Indean called _Hobamack_ come to live
+amongst them, a proper lustie man, and a man of accounte for his vallour
+& parts amongst y^e Indeans, and continued very faithfull and constant
+to y^e English till he dyed. He & Squanto being gone upon bussines
+amonge y^e Indeans, at their returne (whether it was out of envie to
+them or malice to the English) ther was a Sachem called Corbitant, alyed
+to Massassoyte, but never any good friend to y^e English to this day,
+mett with them at an Indean towne caled Namassakett 14. miles to y^e
+west of this place, and begane to quarell w^th [64] them, and offered to
+stabe Hobamack; but being a lusty man, he cleared him selfe of him, and
+came ru[=n]ing away all sweating and tould y^e Gov^r what had befalne
+him, and he feared they had killed Squanto, for they threatened them
+both, and for no other cause but because they were freinds to y^e
+English, and servisable unto them. Upon this y^e Gove^r taking counsell,
+it was conceivd not fitt to be borne; for if they should suffer their
+freinds & messengers thus to be wronged, they should have none would
+cleave unto them, or give them any inteligence, or doe them serviss
+afterwards; but nexte they would fall upon them selves. Whereupon it was
+resolved to send y^e Captaine & 14. men well armed, and to goe & fall
+upon them in y^e night; and if they found that Squanto was kild, to cut
+of Corbitants head, but not to hurt any but those that had a hand in it.
+Hobamack was asked if he would goe & be their guid, & bring them ther
+before day. He said he would, & bring them to y^e house wher the man
+lay, and show them which was he. So they set forth y^e 14. _of August_,
+and beset y^e house round; the Captin giving charg to let none pass out,
+entred y^e house to search for him. But he was goone away that day, so
+they mist him; but understood y^t Squanto was alive, & that he had only
+threatened to kill him, & made an offer to stabe him but did not. So
+they withheld and did no more hurte, & y^e people came trembling, &
+brought them the best provissions they had, after they were aquainted by
+Hobamack what was only intended. Ther was 3. sore wounded which broak
+out of y^e house, and asaid to pass through y^e garde. These they
+brought home with them, & they had their wounds drest & cured, and sente
+home. After this they had many gratulations from diverce sachims, and
+much firmer peace; yea, those of y^e Iles of Capawack sent to make
+frendship; and this Corbitant him selfe used y^e mediation of
+Massassoyte to make his peace, but was shie to come neare them a longe
+while after.
+
+After this, y^e 18. of Septemb^r: they sente out ther shalop to the
+Massachusets, with 10. men, and Squanto for their guid and [65]
+interpreter, to discover and veiw that bay, and trade with y^e natives;
+the which they performed, and found kind entertainement. The people were
+much affraid of y^e Tarentins, a people to y^e eastward which used to
+come in harvest time and take away their corne, & many times kill their
+persons. They returned in saftie, and brought home a good quanty of
+beaver, and made reporte of y^e place, wishing they had been ther
+seated; (but it seems y^e Lord, who assignes to all men y^e bounds of
+their habitations, had apoynted it for an other use). And thus they
+found the Lord to be with them in all their ways, and to blesse their
+outgoings & inco[=m]ings, for which let his holy name have y^e praise
+for ever, to all posteritie.
+
+They begane now to gather in y^e small harvest they had, and to fitte up
+their houses and dwellings against winter, being all well recovered in
+health & strenght, and had all things in good plenty; for as some were
+thus imployed in affairs abroad, others were excersised in fishing,
+aboute codd, & bass, & other fish, of which y^ey tooke good store, of
+which every family had their portion. All y^e so[=m]er ther was no
+wante. And now begane to come in store of foule, as winter aproached, of
+which this place did abound when they came first (but afterward
+decreased by degrees). And besids water foule, ther was great store of
+wild Turkies, of which they tooke many, besids venison, &c. Besids they
+had aboute a peck a meale a weeke to a person, or now since harvest,
+Indean corne to y^t proportion. Which made many afterwards write so
+largly of their plenty hear to their freinds in England, which were not
+fained, but true reports.
+
+In Novemb^r, about y^e time twelfe month that them selves came, ther
+came in a small ship to them unexpected or loked for,[AN] in which came
+Mr. Cushman (so much spoken of before) and with him 35. persons to
+remaine & live in y^e plantation; which did not a litle rejoyce them.
+And they when they came a shore and found all well, and saw plenty of
+vitails in every house, were no less glade. For most of them were lusty
+yonge men, and many of them wild enough, who litle considered whither or
+aboute what they wente, till they came into y^e harbore at Cap-Codd, and
+ther saw nothing but a naked and barren place. They then begane to
+thinke what should become of them, if the people here were dead or cut
+of by y^e Indeans. They begane to consulte (upon some speeches that some
+of y^e sea-men had cast out) to take y^e sayls from y^e yeard least y^e
+ship [66] should gett away and leave them ther. But y^e m^r. hereing of
+it, gave them good words, and tould them if any thing but well should
+have befallne y^e people hear, he hoped he had vitails enough to cary
+them to Virginia, and whilst he had a bitt they should have their parte;
+which gave them good satisfaction. So they were all landed; but ther was
+not so much as bisket-cake or any other victialls[AO] for them, neither
+had they any beding, but some sory things they had in their cabins, nor
+pot, nor pan, to drese any meate in; nor overmany cloaths, for many of
+them had brusht away their coats & cloaks at Plimoth as they came. But
+ther was sent over some burching-lane suits in y^e ship, out of which
+they were supplied. The plantation was glad of this addition of
+strenght, but could have wished that many of them had been of beter
+condition, and all of them beter furnished with provissions; but y^t
+could not now be helpte.
+
+In this ship M^r. Weston sent a large leter to M^r. Carver, y^e late
+Gove^r, now deseased, full of complaints & expostulations aboute former
+passagess at Hampton; and y^e keeping y^e shipe so long in y^e country,
+and returning her without lading, &c., which for brevitie I omite. The
+rest is as followeth.
+
+_Part of Mr. Westons letter_.
+
+  I durst never aquainte y^e adventurers with y^e alteration of y^e
+  conditions first agreed on betweene us, which I have since been very
+  glad of, for I am well assured had they knowne as much as I doe, they
+  would not have adventured a halfe-peny of what was necesary for this
+  ship. That you sent no lading in the ship is wonderfull, and worthily
+  distasted. I know you^r weaknes was the cause of it, and I beleeve
+  more weaknes of judgmente, then weaknes of hands. A quarter of y^e
+  time you spente in discoursing, arguing, & consulting, would have done
+  much more; but that is past, &c. If you mean, bona fide, to performe
+  the conditions agreed upon, doe us y^e favore to coppy them out faire,
+  and subscribe them with y^e principall of your names. And likwise give
+  us accounte as perticulerly as you can how our moneys were laid out.
+  And then I shall be able to give them some satisfaction, whom I am now
+  forsed with good words to shift of. And consider that y^e life of the
+  bussines depends on y^e lading of this ship, which, if you doe to any
+  good purpose, that I may be freed from y^e great sums I have disbursed
+  for y^e former, and must doe for the later, _I promise you I will
+  never quit y^e bussines, though all the other adventurers should._
+
+  [67] We have procured you a Charter, the best we could, which is beter
+  then your former, and with less limitation. For any thing y^t is els
+  worth writting, M^r. Cushman can informe you. I pray write instantly
+  for M^r. Robinson to come to you. And so praying God to blesse you
+  with all graces nessessary both for this life & that to come, I rest
+
+  Your very loving frend,
+  THO. WESTON.
+
+  London, July 6. 1621.
+
+This ship (caled y^e Fortune) was speedily dispatcht away, being laden
+with good clapbord as full as she could stowe, and 2. hoggsheads of
+beaver and otter skins, which they gott with a few trifling comodities
+brought with them at first, being alltogeather unprovided for trade;
+neither was ther any amongst them that ever saw a beaver skin till they
+came hear, and were informed by Squanto. The fraight was estimated to be
+worth near 500^li. M^r. Cushman returned backe also with this ship, for
+so Mr. Weston & y^e rest had apoynted him, for their better information.
+And he doubted not, nor them selves neither, but they should have a
+speedy supply; considering allso how by M^r. Cushmans perswation, and
+letters received from Leyden, wherin they willed them so to doe, they
+yeelded[AP] to y^e afforesaid conditions, and subscribed them with their
+hands. But it proved other wise, for Mr. Weston, who had made y^e large
+promise in his leter, (as is before noted,) that if all y^e rest should
+fall of, yet he would never quit y^e bussines, but stick to them, if
+they yeelded to y^e conditions, and sente some lading in y^e ship; and
+of this M^r. Cushman was confident, and confirmed y^e same from his
+mouth, & serious protestations to him selfe before he came. But all
+proved but wind, for he was y^e first and only man that forsooke them,
+and that before he so much as heard of y^e returne of this ship, or knew
+what was done; (so vaine is the confidence in man.) But of this more in
+its place.
+
+A leter in answer to his write to M^r. Carver, was sente to him from y^e
+Gov^r, of which so much as is pertenente to y^e thing in hand I shall
+hear inserte.
+
+  S^r: Your large letter writen to M^r. Carver, and dated y^e 6. of
+  July, 1621, I have received y^e 10. of Novemb^r, wherin (after y^e
+  apologie made for your selfe) you lay many heavie imputations upon him
+  and us all. Touching him, he is departed this life, and now is at rest
+  [68] in y^e Lord from all those troubls and incoumbrances with which
+  we are yet to strive. He needs not my appologie; for his care and
+  pains was so great for y^e commone good, both ours and yours, as that
+  therwith (it is thought) he oppressed him selfe and shortened his
+  days; of whose loss we cannot sufficiently complaine. At great charges
+  in this adventure, I confess you have beene, and many losses may
+  sustaine; but y^e loss of his and many other honest and industrious
+  mens lives, cannot be vallewed at any prise. Of y^e one, ther may be
+  hope of recovery, but y^e other no recompence can make good. But I
+  will not insiste in generalls, but come more perticulerly to y^e
+  things them selves. You greatly blame us for keping y^e ship so long
+  in y^e countrie, and then to send her away emptie. She lay 5. weks at
+  Cap-Codd, whilst with many a weary step (after a long journey) and the
+  indurance of many a hard brunte, we sought out in the foule winter a
+  place of habitation. Then we went in so tedious a time to make
+  provission to sheelter us and our goods, aboute w^ch labour, many of
+  our armes & leggs can tell us to this day we were not necligent. But
+  it pleased God to vissite us then, with death dayly, and with so
+  generall a disease, that the living were scarce able to burie the
+  dead; and y^e well not in any measure sufficiente to tend y^e sick.
+  And now to be so greatly blamed, for not fraighting y^e ship, doth
+  indeed goe near us, and much discourage us. But you say you know we
+  will pretend weaknes; and doe you think we had not cause? Yes, you
+  tell us you beleeve it, but it was more weaknes of judgmente, then of
+  hands. Our weaknes herin is great we confess, therfore we will bear
+  this check patiently amongst y^e rest, till God send us wiser men. But
+  they which tould you we spent so much time in discoursing &
+  consulting, &c., their harts can tell their toungs, they lye. They
+  cared not, so they might salve their owne sores, how they wounded
+  others. Indeed, it is our callamitie that we are (beyound expectation)
+  yoked with some ill conditioned people, who will never doe good, but
+  corrupte and abuse others, &c.
+
+The rest of y^e letter declared how they had subscribed those conditions
+according to his desire, and sente him y^e former accounts very
+perticulerly; also how y^e ship was laden, and in what condition their
+affairs stood; that y^e coming of these [69] people would bring famine
+upon them unavoydably, if they had not supply in time (as Mr. Cushman
+could more fully informe him & y^e rest of y^e adventurers). Also that
+seeing he was now satisfied in all his demands, that offences would be
+forgoten, and he remember his promise, &c.
+
+After y^e departure of this ship, (which stayed not above 14. days,) the
+Gove^r & his assistante haveing disposed these late co[=m]ers into
+severall families, as y^ey best could, tooke an exacte accounte of all
+their provissions in store, and proportioned y^e same to y^e number of
+persons, and found that it would not hould out above 6. months at halfe
+alowance, and hardly that. And they could not well give less this winter
+time till fish came in againe. So they were presently put to half
+alowance, one as well as an other, which begane to be hard, but they
+bore it patiently under hope of supply.
+
+Sone after this ships departure, y^e great people of y^e Narigansets, in
+a braving maner, sente a messenger unto them with a bundl of arrows tyed
+aboute with a great sneak-skine; which their interpretours tould them
+was a threatening & a chaleng. Upon which y^e Gov^r, with y^e advice of
+others, sente them a round answere, that if they had rather have warre
+then peace, they might begine when they would; they had done them no
+wrong, neither did y^ey fear them, or should they find them unprovided.
+And by another messenger sente y^e sneake-skine back with bulits in it;
+but they would not receive it, but sent it back againe. But these
+things I doe but mention, because they are more at large allready put
+forth in printe, by M^r. Winslow, at y^e requeste of some freinds. And
+it is like y^e reason was their owne ambition, who, (since y^e death of
+so many of y^e Indeans,) thought to dominire & lord it over y^e rest, &
+conceived y^e English would be a barr in their way, and saw that
+Massasoyt took sheilter allready under their wings.
+
+But this made them y^e more carefully to looke to them selves, so as
+they agreed to inclose their dwellings with a good strong pale, and make
+flankers in convenient places, with gates to shute, which were every
+night locked, and a watch kept, and when neede required ther was also
+warding in y^e day time. And y^e company was by y^e Captaine and y^e
+Gov^r [70] advise, devided into 4. squadrons, and every one had ther
+quarter apoynted them, unto which they were to repaire upon any suddane
+alarme. And if ther should be any crie of fire, a company were appointed
+for a gard, with muskets, whilst others quenchet y^e same, to prevent
+Indean treachery. This was accomplished very cherfully, and y^e towne
+impayled round by y^e begining of March, in which evry family had a
+prety garden plote secured. And herewith I shall end this year. Only I
+shall remember one passage more, rather of mirth then of waight. One y^e
+day called Chrismasday, y^e Gov^r caled them out to worke, (as was
+used,) but y^e most of this new-company excused them selves and said it
+wente against their consciences to work on y^t day. So y^e Gov^r tould
+them that if they made it mater of conscience, he would spare them till
+they were better informed. So he led-away y^e rest and left them; but
+when they came home at noone from their worke, he found them in y^e
+streete at play, openly; some pitching y^e barr, & some at stoole-ball,
+and shuch like sports. So he went to them, and tooke away their
+implements, and tould them that was against his conscience, that they
+should play & others worke. If they made y^e keeping of it mater of
+devotion, let them kepe their houses, but ther should be no gameing or
+revelling in y^e streets. Since which time nothing hath been atempted
+that way, at least openly.
+
+_Anno 1622._
+
+At y^e spring of y^e year they had apointed y^e Massachusets to come
+againe and trade with them, and begane now to prepare for that vioag
+about y^e later end of March. But upon some rumors heard, Hobamak, their
+Indean, tould them upon some jealocies he had, he feared they were
+joyned w^th y^e Narighansets and might betray them if they were not
+carefull. He intimated also some jealocie of Squanto, by what he
+gathered from some private whisperings betweene him and other Indeans.
+But [71] they resolved to proseede, and sente out their shalop with 10.
+of their cheefe men aboute y^e begining of Aprill, and both Squanto &
+Hobamake with them, in regarde of y^e jelocie betweene them. But they
+had not bene gone longe, but an Indean belonging to Squantos family came
+runing in seeming great fear, and tould them that many of y^e
+Narihgansets, with Corbytant, and he thought also Massasoyte, were
+coming against them; and he gott away to tell them, not without danger.
+And being examined by y^e Gov^r, he made as if they were at hand, and
+would still be looking back, as if they were at his heels. At which the
+Governor caused them to take armes & stand on their garde, and supposing
+y^e boat to be still within hearing (by reason it was calme) caused a
+warning peece or 2. to be shote of, the which y^ey heard and came in.
+But no Indeans apeared; watch was kepte all night, but nothing was
+scene. Hobamak was confidente for Massasoyt, and thought all was false;
+yet y^e Gov^r caused him to send his wife privatly, to see what she
+could observe (pretening other occasions), but ther was nothing found,
+but all was quiet. After this they proseeded on their vioge to y^e
+Massachusets, and had good trade, and returned in saftie, blessed be
+God.
+
+But by the former passages, and other things of like nature, they begane
+to see y^t Squanto sought his owne ends, and plaid his owne game, by
+putting y^e Indeans in fear, and drawing gifts from them to enrich him
+selfe; making them beleeve he could stur up warr against whom he would,
+& make peece for whom he would. Yea, he made them beleeve they kept y^e
+plague buried in y^e ground, and could send it amongs whom they would,
+which did much terrifie the Indeans, and made them depend more on him,
+and seeke more to him then to Massasoyte, which proucured him envie, and
+had like to have cost him his life. For after y^e discovery of his
+practises, Massasoyt sought it both privatly and openly; which caused
+him to stick close to y^e English, & never durst goe from them till he
+dyed. They also made good use of y^e emulation y^t grue betweene
+Hobamack and him, which made them cary more squarely. And y^e Gov^r
+seemed to countenance y^e one, and y^e Captaine y^e other, by which they
+had better intelligence, and made them both more diligente.
+
+[72] Now in a maner their provissions were wholy spent, and they looked
+hard for supply, but none came. But about y^e _later end of May_, they
+spied _a boat_ at sea, which at first they thought had beene some
+Frenchman; but it proved a shalop which came from a ship which M^r.
+Weston & an other had set out a fishing, at a place called
+Damarins-cove, 40. leagues to y^e eastward of them, wher were y^t year
+many more ships come a fishing. This boat brought 7. passengers and some
+letters, but no vitails, nor any hope of any. Some part of which I shall
+set downe.
+
+  M^r. Carver, in my last leters by y^e Fortune, in whom M^r Cushman
+  wente, and who I hope is with you, for we daly expecte y^e shipe back
+  againe. She departed hence, y^e begining of July, with 35. persons,
+  though not over well provided with necesaries, by reason of y^e
+  parsemonie of y^e adventurers.[AQ] I have solisited them to send you a
+  supply of men and provissions before shee come. They all answer they
+  will doe great maters, when they hear good news. Nothing before; so
+  faithfull, constant, & carefull of your good, are your olde & honest
+  freinds, that if they hear not from you, they are like to send you no
+  supplie, &c. I am now to relate y^e occasion of sending _this ship_,
+  hoping if you give credite to my words, you will have a more
+  favourable opinion of it, then some hear, wherof Pickering is one, who
+  taxed me to mind my owne ends, which is in part true, &c. _M^r.
+  Beachamp and my selfe_ bought _this litle ship_, and have set her out,
+  partly, if it may be, to uphold[AR] y^e plantation, as well to doe
+  others good as our selves; and partly to gett up what we are formerly
+  out; though we are otherwise censured, &c. This is y^e occasion we
+  have sent _this ship_ and these passengers, on our owne accounte; whom
+  we desire you will frendly entertaine & supply with shuch necesaries
+  as you cane spare, and they wante, &c. And among other things we pray
+  you lend or sell them some seed corne, and if you have y^e salt
+  remaining of y^e last year, that y^u will let them have it for their
+  presente use, and we will either pay you for it, or give you more when
+  we have set our salt-pan to worke, which we desire may be set up in
+  one of y^e litle ilands in your bay, &c. And because we intende, if
+  God plase, [73] (and y^e generallitie doe it not,) _to send within a
+  month another shipe_, who, having discharged her passengers, _shal goe
+  to Virginia_, &c. And it may be we shall send a _small ship to abide
+  with you_ on y^e coast, which I conceive may be a great help to y^e
+  plantation. To y^e end our desire may be effected, which, I assure my
+  selfe, will be also for your good, we pray you give them
+  entertainmente in your houses y^e time they shall be with you, that
+  they may lose no time, but may presently goe in hand to fell trees &
+  cleave them, to y^e end lading may be ready and our ship stay not.
+
+  Some of y^e adventurers have sent you hearwith all some directions for
+  your furtherance in y^e co[=m]one bussines, who are like those S^t.
+  James speaks of, y^t bid their brother eat, and warme him, but give
+  him nothing; so they bid you make salt, and uphold y^e plantation, but
+  send you no means wherwithall to doe it, &c. By _y^e next_ we purpose
+  _to send more people on our owne accounte_, and _to take a patente_;
+  that if your peopl should be as unhumane as some of y^e adventurers,
+  not to admite us to dwell with them, which were extreme barbarisme,
+  and which will never enter into my head to thinke you have any shuch
+  Pickerings amongst you. Yet to satisfie our passengers I must of force
+  doe it; and for some other reasons not necessary to be writen, &c. I
+  find y^e generall so backward, and your freinds at Leyden so could,
+  that I fear you must stand on your leggs, and trust (as they say) to
+  God and your selves.
+
+  Subscribed,
+  your loving freind,
+  THO: WESTON.
+
+  Jan: 12. 1621.
+
+Sundry other things I pass over, being tedious & impertinent.
+
+All this was but could comfort to fill their hungrie bellies, and a
+slender performance of his former late promiss; and as litle did it
+either fill or warme them, as those y^e Apostle James spake of, by him
+before mentioned. And well might it make them remember what y^e psalmist
+saith, Psa. 118. 8. _It is better to trust in the Lord, then to have
+confidence in man._ And Psa. 146. _Put not you trust in princes_ (much
+less in y^e marchants) _nor in y^e sone of man, for ther is no help in
+them._ v. 5. _Blesed is he that hath y^e God of Jacob for his help,
+whose hope is in y^e Lord his God._ And as they were now fayled of suply
+by him and others in this their greatest neede and wants, which was
+caused by him and y^e rest, who put so great a company of men upon them,
+as y^e former company were, without any food, and came at shuch a time
+as they must live almost a whole year before any could [74] be raised,
+excepte they had sente some; so, upon y^e pointe they never had any
+supply of vitales more afterwards (but what the Lord gave them
+otherwise); for all y^e company sent at any time was allways too short
+for those people y^t came with it.
+
+Ther came allso _by y^e same ship_ other leters, but of later date, one
+from M^r. Weston, an other from a parte of y^e adventurers, as foloweth.
+
+  M^r. Carver, since my last, to y^e end we might y^e more readily
+  proceed to help y^e generall, at a meeting of some of y^e principall
+  adventurers, a proposition was put forth, & alowed by all presente
+  (save Pickering), to adventure each man y^e third parte of what he
+  formerly had done. And ther are some other y^t folow his example, and
+  will adventure no furder. In regard wherof y^e greater part of y^e
+  adventurers being willing to uphold y^e bussines, finding it no reason
+  that those y^t are willing should uphold y^e bussines of those that
+  are unwilling, whose backwardnes doth discourage those that are
+  forward, and hinder other new-adventurers from coming in, we having
+  well considered therof, have resolved, according to an article in y^e
+  agreemente, (_that it may be lawfull by a generall consente of y^e
+  adventurers & planters, upon just occasion, to breake of their joynte
+  stock_,) to breake it of; and doe pray you to ratifie, and confirme
+  y^e same on your parts. Which being done, we shall y^e more willingly
+  goe forward for y^e upholding of you with all things necesarie. But in
+  any case you must agree to y^e artickls, and send it by y^e first
+  under your hands & seals. So I end
+
+  Your loving freind,
+  THO: WESTON.
+
+  Jan: 17. 1621.
+
+Another leter was write from part of y^e company of y^e adventurers to
+the same purpose, and subscribed with 9. of their names, wherof M^r.
+Westons & M^r. Beachamphs were tow. Thes things seemed strang unto them,
+seeing this unconstancie & shufling; it made them to thinke ther was
+some misterie in y^e matter. And therfore y^e Gov^r concealed these
+letters from y^e publick, only imparted them to some trustie freinds for
+advice, who concluded with him, that this tended to disband & scater
+them (in regard of their straits); and if M^r. Weston & others, who
+seemed to rune in a perticuler way, should come over with shiping so
+provided as his letters did intimate, they most would fall to him, to
+y^e prejudice of them selves & y^e rest of the adventurers,[AS] their
+freinds, from whom as yet they heard nothing. And it was doubted whether
+he had not sente [75] over shuch a company in y^e former ship, for
+shuch an end. Yet they tooke compassion of those 7. men which _this
+ship, which fished to y^e eastward, had kept till planting time was
+over_, and so could set no corne; and allso wanting vitals, (for y^ey
+turned them off w^{th}out any, and indeed wanted for them selves,)
+neither was their salt-pan come, so as y^ey could not performe any of
+those things which M^r. Weston had apointed, and might have starved if
+y^e plantation had not succoured them; who, in their wants, gave them as
+good as any of their owne. _The ship wente to Virginia_, wher they sould
+both ship & fish, of which (it was conceived) M^r. Weston had a very
+slender accounte.
+
+_After this came another of his ships_, and brought letters dated y^e
+10. of Aprill, from M^r. Weston, as followeth.
+
+  M^r. Bradford, these, &c. _The Fortune_ is arived, of whose good news
+  touching your estate & proce[=e]ings, I am very glad to hear. And how
+  soever he was robed on y^e way by y^e Frenchmen, yet I hope your loss
+  will not be great, for y^e conceite of so great a returne doth much
+  animate y^e adventurers, so y^t I hope some matter of importance will
+  be done by them, &c. As for my selfe, I have sould my adventure &
+  debts unto them, so as I am quit[AT] of you, & you of me, for that
+  matter, &c. Now though I have nothing to pretend as an adventurer
+  amongst you, yet I will advise you a litle for your good, if you can
+  apprehend it. I perceive & know as well as another, y^e dispositions
+  of _your adventurers_, whom y^e hope of gaine hath drawne on to this
+  they have done; and yet I fear y^t hope will not draw them much
+  furder. Besids, _most of them are against the sending of them of
+  Leyden, for whose cause this bussines was first begune_, and some of
+  y^e most religious (as M^r. Greene by name) excepts against them. So
+  y^t my advice is (you may follow it if you please) that you forthwith
+  break of your joynte stock, which you have warente to doe, both in law
+  & conscience, for y^e most parte of y^e adventurers have given way
+  unto it by a former letter. And y^e means you have ther, which I hope
+  will be to some purpose by y^e trade of this spring, may, with y^e
+  help of some freinds hear, bear y^e charge of tr[=a]sporting those of
+  Leyden; and when they are with you I make no question but by Gods help
+  you will be able to subsist of your selves. But I shall leave you to
+  your discretion.
+
+  I desired diverce of y^e adventurers, as M^r. Peirce, M^r. Greene, &
+  others, if they had any thing to send you, either vitails or leters,
+  to send them _by these ships_; and marvelling they sent not so much as
+  a letter, I asked our passengers what leters they had, and with some
+  dificultie one of them tould me he had one, which was delivered him
+  with [76] great charge of secrecie; and for more securitie, to buy a
+  paire of new-shoes, & sow it betweene y^e soles for fear of
+  intercepting. I, taking y^e leter, wondering what mistrie might be in
+  it, broke it open, and found this treacherous letter subscribed by y^e
+  hands of M^r. Pickering & M^r. Greene. Wich leter had it come to you^r
+  hands without answer, might have caused y^e hurt, if not y^e ruine, of
+  us all. For assuredly if you had followed their instructions, and
+  shewed us that unkindness which they advise you unto, to hold us in
+  distruste as enimise, &c., it might have been an occasion to have set
+  us togeather by y^e eares, to y^e distruction of us all. For I doe
+  beleeve that in shuch a case, they knowing what bussines hath been
+  betweene us, not only my brother, but others also, would have been
+  violent, and heady against you, &c. I mente to have setled y^e people
+  I before and now send, with or near you, as well for their as your
+  more securitie and defence, as help on all occasions. But I find y^e
+  adventurers so jealous & suspitious, that I have altered my
+  resolution, & given order to my brother & those with him, to doe as
+  they and him selfe shall find fitte. Thus, &c.
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  THO: WESTON.
+
+  Aprill 10. 1621.
+
+_Some part of Mr. Pickerings letter before mentioned._
+
+  To M^r. Bradford & M^r. Brewster, &c.
+
+  My dear love remembred unto you all, &c. The company hath bought out
+  M^r. Weston, and are very glad they are freed of him, he being judged
+  a man y^t thought him selfe above y^e generall, and not expresing so
+  much y^e fear of God as was meete in a man to whom shuch trust should
+  have been reposed in a matter of so great importance. I am sparing to
+  be so plaine as indeed is clear against him; but a few words to y^e
+  wise.
+
+  M^r. Weston will not permitte leters to be sent in _his ships_, nor
+  any thing for your good or ours, of which ther is some reason in
+  respecte of him selfe, &c. His brother Andrew, whom he doth send as
+  principall _in one of these ships_, is a heady yong man, & violente,
+  and set against you ther, & y^e company hear; ploting with M^r. Weston
+  their owne ends, which tend to your & our undooing in respecte of our
+  estates ther, and prevention of our good ends. For by credible
+  testimoney we are informed his purpose is to come to your colonie,
+  pretending he comes for and from y^e adventurers, and will seeke to
+  gett what you have in readynes [77] into _his ships_, as if they came
+  from y^e company, & possessing all, will be so much profite to him
+  selfe. And further to informe them selves what spetiall places or
+  things you have discovered, to y^e end that they may supres & deprive
+  you, &c.
+
+  The Lord, who is y^e watchman of Israll & slepeth not, preserve you &
+  deliver you from unreasonable men. I am sorie that ther is cause to
+  admonish you of these things concerning this man; so I leave you to
+  God, who bless and multiply you into thousands, to the advancemente of
+  y^e glorious gospell of our Lord Jesus. Amen. Fare well.
+
+  Your loving freinds,
+  EDWARD PICKERING.
+  WILLIAM GREENE.
+
+ I pray conceale both y^e writing & deliverie of this leter, but make
+ the best use of it. _We hope to sete forth a ship our selves with in
+ this month._
+
+_The heads of his answer._
+
+  M^r. Bradford, this is y^e leter y^t I wrote unto you of, which to
+  answer in every perticuler is needles & tedious. My owne conscience &
+  all our people can and I thinke will testifie, y^t my end in sending
+  _y^e ship Sparrow_ was your good, &c. Now I will not deney but ther
+  are many of our people rude fellows, as these men terme them; yet I
+  presume they will be governed by such as I set over them. And I hope
+  not only to be able to reclaime them from y^t profanenes that may
+  scandalise y^e vioage, but by degrees to draw them to God, &c. I am so
+  farr from sending rude fellows to deprive you either by fraude or
+  violence of what is yours, as I have charged y^e m^r. of y^e _ship
+  Sparrow_, not only to leave with you 2000. of bread, but also a good
+  quantitie of fish,[AU] &c. But I will leave it to you to consider what
+  evill this leter would or might have done, had it come to your hands &
+  taken y^e effecte y^e other desired.
+
+  Now if you be of y^e mind y^t these men are, deale plainly with us, &
+  we will seeke our residence els-wher. If you are as freindly as we
+  have thought you to be, give us y^e entertainment of freinds, and we
+  will take nothing from you, neither meat, drinke, nor lodging, but
+  what we will, in one kind or other, pay you for, &c. I shall leave in
+  y^e countrie _a litle ship_ (if God send her safe thither) with
+  mariners & fisher-men to stay ther, who shall coast, & trad with y^e
+  savages, & y^e old plantation. It may be we shall be as helpfull to
+  you, as you will be to us. I thinke I shall see you y^e next spring;
+  and so I comend you to y^e protection of God, who ever keep you.
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  THO: WESTON.
+
+[78] Thus all ther hops in regard of M^r. Weston were layed in y^e dust,
+and all his promised helpe turned into an empttie advice, which they
+apprehended was nether lawfull nor profitable for them to follow. And
+they were not only thus left destitute of help in their extreme wants,
+haveing neither vitails, nor any thing to trade with, but others
+prepared & ready to glean up what y^e cuntrie might have afforded for
+their releefe. As for those harsh censures & susspitions intimated in
+y^e former and following leters, they desired to judg as charitably and
+wisly of them as they could, waighing them in y^e ballance of love and
+reason; and though they (in parte) came from godly & loveing freinds,
+yet they conceived many things might arise from over deepe jealocie and
+fear, togeather with unmeete provocations, though they well saw M^r.
+Weston pursued his owne ends, and was imbittered in spirite. For after
+the receit of y^e former leters, the Gov^r received one from M^r.
+Cushman, who went home in y^e ship, and was allway intimate with M^r.
+Weston, (as former passages declare), and it was much marveled that
+nothing was heard from him, all this while. But it should seeme it was
+y^e difficulty of sending, for this leter was directed as y^e leter of a
+wife to her husband, who was here, and brought by him to y^e Gov^r. It
+was as followeth.
+
+  Beloved S^r: I hartily salute you, with trust of your health, and many
+  thanks for your love. By Gods providence we got well home y^e 17. _of
+  Feb_. Being robbed by y^e French-men by y^e way, and carried by them
+  into France, and were kepte ther 15. days, and lost all y^t we had
+  that was worth taking; but thanks be to God, we escaped with our lives
+  & ship. I see not y^t it worketh any discouragment hear. I purpose by
+  Gods grace _to see you_ shortly, _I hope in June nexte, or before_. In
+  y^e mean space know these things, and I pray you be advertised a
+  litle. M^r. Weston hath quite broken of from our company, through some
+  discontents y^t arose betwext him and some of our adventurers, & hath
+  sould all his adventurs, & _hath now sent 3. smale ships for his
+  perticuler plantation_. The _greatest_ wherof, _being 100. tune_, M^r.
+  Reynolds goeth m^r. and he with y^e rest purposeth to come him selfe;
+  for what end I know not.
+
+  The people which they cary are no men for us, wherfore I pray you
+  entertaine them not, neither exchainge man for man with them, excepte
+  it be some of your worst. He hath taken a patente for him selfe. If
+  they offerr to buy any thing of you, let it be shuch as you can spare,
+  and let them give y^e worth of it. If they borrow any thing of you,
+  let them leave a good pawne, &c. It is like he [78[AV]] will plant to
+  y^e southward of y^e Cape, for William Trevore hath lavishly tould but
+  what he knew or imagined of Capewack, Mohiggen, & y^e Narigansets. I
+  fear these people will hardly deale so well with y^e savages as they
+  should. I pray you therfore signifie to Squanto, that they are a
+  distincte body from us, and we have nothing to doe with them, neither
+  must be blamed for their falts, much less can warrente their
+  fidelitie. We are aboute to recover our losses in France. Our freinds
+  at Leyden are well, and will come to you as many as can _this time_. I
+  hope all will turne to y^e best, wherfore I pray you be not
+  discouraged, but gather up your selfe to goe thorow these dificulties
+  cherfully & with courage in y^t place wherin God hath sett you, untill
+  y^e day of refreshing come. And y^e Lord God of sea & land bring us
+  comfortably togeather againe, if it may stand with his glorie.
+
+  Yours,
+  ROBART CUSHMAN.
+
+
+On y^e other sid of y^e leafe, in y^e same leter, came these few lines
+from M^r. John Peirce, in whose name the patente was taken, and of whom
+more will follow, to be spoken in its place.
+
+  Worthy S^r: I desire you to take into consideration that which is
+  writen on y^e other side, and not any way to damnifie your owne
+  collony, whos strength is but weaknes, and may therby be more
+  infeebled. And for y^e leters of association, by y^e next ship we
+  send, I hope you shall receive satisfaction; in y^e mean time whom you
+  admite I will approve. But as for M^r. Weston's company, I thinke them
+  so base in condition (for y^e most parte) as in all apearance not
+  fitt for an honest mans company. I wish they prove other wise. My
+  purpose is not to enlarge my selfe, but cease in these few lins, and
+  so rest
+
+  Your loving freind,
+  JOHN PEIRCE.
+
+
+All these things they pondred and well considered, yet concluded to give
+his men frendly entertainmente; partly in regard of M^r. Weston him
+selfe, considering what he had been unto them, & done for them, & to
+some, more espetially; and partly in compassion to y^e people, who were
+now come into a willdernes, (as them selves were,) and were by _y^e
+ship_ to be presently put a shore, (for she was _to cary other
+passengers to Virginia_, who lay at great charge,) and they were
+alltogeather unacquainted & knew not what to doe. So as they had
+received his former company of 7. men, and vitailed them as their owne
+hitherto, so they also received _these_ (being aboute 60. lusty men),
+and gave [79] housing for them selves and their goods; and many being
+sicke, they had y^e best means y^e place could aford them. They stayed
+hear y^e most parte of y^e so[=m]er till _y^e ship came back againe from
+Virginia_. Then, by his direction, or those whom he set over them, they
+removed into y^e Massachusset Bay, he having got a patente for some part
+ther, (by light of ther former discovery in leters sent home). Yet they
+left all ther sicke folke hear till they were setled and housed. But of
+ther victails they had not any, though they were in great wante, nor
+any thing els in recompence of any courtecie done them; neither did they
+desire it, for they saw they were an unruly company, and had no good
+govermente over them, and by disorder would soone fall into wants if
+M^r. Weston came not y^e sooner amongst them; and therfore, to prevente
+all after occasion, would have nothing of them.
+
+Amids these streigths, and y^e desertion of those from whom they had
+hoped for supply, and when famine begane now to pinch them sore, they
+not knowing what to doe, the Lord, (who never fails his,) presents them
+with an occasion, beyond all expectation. This boat which came from y^e
+eastward brought them a letter from a stranger, of whose name they had
+never heard before, being a captaine of a ship come ther a fishing. This
+leter was as followeth. Being thus inscribed.
+
+  To all his good freinds at Plimoth, these, &c.
+
+  Freinds, cuntrimen, & neighbours: I salute you, and wish you all
+  health and hapines in y^e Lord. I make bould with these few lines to
+  trouble you, because unless I were unhumane, I can doe no less. Bad
+  news doth spread it selfe too farr; yet I will so farr informe you
+  that my selfe, with many good freinds in y^e south-collonie of
+  Virginia, have received shuch a blow, that 400. persons large will not
+  make good our losses. Therfore I doe intreat you (allthough not
+  knowing you) that y^e old rule which I learned when I went to schoole,
+  may be sufficente. That is, Hapie is he whom other mens harmes doth
+  make to beware. And now againe and againe, wishing all those y^t
+  willingly would serve y^e Lord, all health and happines in this world,
+  and everlasting peace in y^e world to come. And so I rest,
+
+  Yours,
+  JOHN HUDLSTON.
+
+
+By this boat y^e Gov^r returned a thankfull answer, as was meete, and
+sent a boate of their owne with them, which was piloted by them, in
+which M^r. Winslow was sente to procure what provissions he could of y^e
+ships, who was kindly received by y^e foresaid gentill-man, who not only
+spared what he [90[AW]] could, but writ to others to doe y^e like. By
+which means he gott some good quantitie and returned in saftie, by which
+y^e plantation had a duble benefite, first, a present refreshing by y^e
+food brought, and secondly, they knew y^e way to those parts for their
+benifite hearafter. But what was gott, & this small boat brought, being
+devided among so many, came but to a litle, yet by Gods blesing it
+upheld them till harvest. It arose but to a quarter of a pound of bread
+a day to each person; and y^e Gov^r caused it to be dayly given them,
+otherwise, had it been in their owne custody, they would have eate it up
+& then starved. But thus, with what els they could get, they made pretie
+shift till corne was ripe.
+
+This so[=m]er they builte a fort with good timber, both strong & comly,
+which was of good defence, made with a flate rofe & batllments, on which
+their ordnance were mounted, and wher they kepte constante watch,
+espetially in time of danger. It served them allso for a meeting house,
+and was fitted accordingly for that use. It was a great worke for them
+in this weaknes and time of wants; but y^e deanger of y^e time required
+it, and both y^e continuall rumors of y^e fears from y^e Indeans hear,
+espetially y^e Narigansets, and also y^e hearing of that great massacre
+in Virginia, made all hands willing to despatch y^e same.
+
+Now y^e wellcome time of harvest aproached, in which all had their
+hungrie bellies filled. But it arose but to a litle, in comparison of a
+full years supplie; partly by reason they were not yet well aquainted
+with y^e ma[=n]er of Indean corne, (and they had no other,) allso their
+many other imployments, but cheefly their weaknes for wante of food, to
+tend it as they should have done. Also much was stolne both by night &
+day, before it became scarce eatable, & much more afterward. And though
+many were well whipt (when they were taken) for a few ears of corne, yet
+hunger made others (whom conscience did not restraine) to venture. So as
+it well appeared y^e famine must still insue y^e next year allso, if not
+some way prevented, or supplie should faile, to which they durst not
+trust. Markets there was none to goe too, but only y^e Indeans, and
+they had no trading comodities. Behold now another providence of God; a
+ship comes into y^e [91] harbor, one Captain Jons being cheefe therin.
+They were set out by some marchants to discovere all y^e harbors
+betweene this & Virginia, and y^e shoulds of Cap-Cod, and to trade along
+y^e coast wher they could. This ship had store of English-beads (which
+were then good trade) and some knives, but would sell none but at dear
+rates, and also a good quantie togeather. Yet they weere glad of y^e
+occasion, and faine to buy at any rate; they were faine to give after
+y^e rate of cento per cento, if not more, and yet pay away coat-beaver
+at 3^s. per^li, which in a few years after yeelded 20^s. By this means
+they were fitted againe to trade for beaver & other things, and intended
+to buy what corne they could.
+
+But I will hear take liberty to make a litle digression. Ther was in
+_this ship_ a gentle-man by name M^r. John Poory; he had been secretarie
+in Virginia, and was now going home passenger _in this ship_. After his
+departure he write a leter to y^e Gov^r in the postscrite wherof he hath
+these lines.
+
+  To your selfe and M^r. Brewster, I must acknowledg my selfe many ways
+  indebted, whose books I would have you thinke very well bestowed on
+  him, who esteemeth them shuch juells. My hast would not suffer me to
+  remember (much less to begg) M^r. Ainsworths elaborate worke upon y^e
+  5. books of Moyses. Both his & M^r. Robinsons doe highly commend the
+  authors, as being most conversante in y^e scripturs of all others. And
+  what good (who knows) it may please God to worke by them, through my
+  hands, (though most unworthy,) who finds shuch high contente in them.
+  God have you all in his keeping.
+
+  Your unfained and firme friend,
+  JOHN PORY.
+
+  Aug. 28. 1622.
+
+
+These things I hear inserte for honour sake of y^e authors memorie,
+which this gentle-man doth thus ingeniusly acknowledg; and him selfe
+after his returne did this poore-plantation much credite amongst those
+of no mean ranck. But to returne.
+
+[92] _Shortly after harvest_ M^r. Westons people who were now seated at
+y^e Massachusets, and by disorder (as it seems) had made havock of their
+provissions, begane now to perceive that want would come upon them. And
+hearing that they hear had bought trading comodities & intended to trade
+for corne, they write to y^e Gov^r and desired they might joyne with
+them, and they would imploy their small ship in y^e servise; and furder
+requested either to lend or sell them so much of their trading
+comodities as their part might come to, and they would undertake to make
+paymente when M^r. Weston, or their supply, should come. The Gov^r
+condesended upon equall terms of agreemente, thinkeing to goe aboute y^e
+Cap to y^e southward with y^e ship, wher some store of corne might be
+got. Althings being provided, Captaint Standish was apointed to goe
+with them, and Squanto for a guid & interpreter, about y^e _latter end
+of September_; but y^e winds put them in againe, & putting out y^e 2.
+time, he fell sick of a feavor, so y^e Gov^r wente him selfe. But they
+could not get aboute y^e should of Cap-Cod, for flats & breakers,
+neither could Squanto directe them better, nor y^e m^r. durst venture
+any further, so they put into Manamoyack Bay and got w^t[AX] they could
+ther. In this place Squanto fell sick of an Indean feavor, bleeding much
+at y^e nose (which y^e Indeans take for a simptome of death), and within
+a few days dyed ther; desiring y^e Gov^r to pray for him, that he might
+goe to y^e Englishmens God in heaven, and bequeathed sundrie of his
+things to sundry of his English freinds, as remembrances of his love; of
+whom they had a great loss. They got in this vioage, in one place &
+other, about 26. or 28. hogsheads of corne & beans, which was more then
+the Indeans could well spare in these parts, for y^e set but a litle
+till they got English hows. And so were faine to returne, being sory
+they could not gett about the Cap, to have been better laden. After ward
+y^e Gov^r tooke a few men & wente to y^e inland places, to get what he
+could, and to fetch it home at y^e spring, which did help them
+something.
+
+[93] After these things, in _Feb_: a messenger came from John Sanders,
+who was left cheefe over M^r. Weston's men in y^e bay of Massachusets,
+who brought a letter shewing the great wants they were falen into; and
+he would have borrowed a hh of corne of y^e Indeans, but they would lend
+him none. He desired advice whether he might not take it from them by
+force to succore his men till he came from y^e eastward, whither he was
+going. The Gov^r & rest deswaded him by all means from it, for it might
+so exasperate the Indeans as might endanger their saftie, and all of us
+might smart for it; for they had already heard how they had so wronged
+y^e Indeans by stealing their corne, &c. as they were much incensed
+against them. Yea, so base were some of their own company, as they wente
+& tould y^e Indeans y^t their Gov^r was purposed to come and take their
+corne by force. The which with other things made them enter into a
+conspiracie against y^e English, of which more in y^e nexte. Hear with I
+end this year.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1623._
+
+It may be thought strang that these people should fall to these
+extremities in so short a time, being left competently provided when y^e
+ship left them, and had an addition by that moyetie of corn that was got
+by trade, besids much they gott of y^e Indans wher they lived, by one
+means & other. It must needs be their great disorder, for they spent
+excesseivly whilst they had, or could get it; and, it may be, wasted
+parte away among y^e Indeans (for he y^t was their cheef was taxed by
+some amongst them for keeping Indean women, how truly I know not). And
+after they begane to come into wants, many sould away their cloathes and
+bed coverings; others (so base were they) became servants to y^e
+Indeans, and would cutt them woode & fetch them water, for a cap full of
+corne; others fell to plaine stealing, both night & day, from y^e
+Indeans, of which they greevosly complained. In y^e end, they came to
+that misery, that some starved & dyed with could & hunger. One in
+geathering shell-fish was so weake as he stuck fast in y^e mudd, and was
+found dead in y^e place. At last most of them left their dwellings &
+scatered up & downe in y^e [94] woods, & by y^e water sids, wher they
+could find ground nuts & clames, hear 6. and ther ten. By which their
+cariages they became contemned & scorned of y^e Indeans, and they begane
+greatly to insulte over them in a most insolente maner; insomuch, many
+times as they lay thus scatered abrod, and had set on a pot with ground
+nuts or shell-fish, when it was ready the Indeans would come and eate it
+up; and when night came, wheras some of them had a sorie blanket, or
+such like, to lappe them selves in, the Indeans would take it and let
+y^e other lye all nighte in the could; so as their condition was very
+lamentable. Yea, in y^e end they were faine to hange one of their men,
+whom they could not reclaime from stealing, to give y^e Indeans
+contente.
+
+Whilst things wente in this maner with them, y^e Gov^r & people hear
+had notice y^t Massasoyte ther freind was sick & near unto death. They
+sent to vissete him, and withall sente him such comfortable things as
+gave him great contente, and was a means of his recovery; upon which
+occasion he discovers y^e conspiracie of these Indeans, how they were
+resolved to cutt of M^r. Westons people, for the continuall injuries
+they did them, & would now take opportunitie of their weaknes to doe it;
+and for that end had conspired with other Indeans their neighbours their
+aboute. And thinking the people hear would revenge their death, they
+therfore thought to doe y^e like by them, & had solisited him to joyne
+with them. He advised them therfore to prevent it, and that speedly by
+taking of some of y^e cheefe of them, before it was to late, for he
+asured them of y^e truth hereof.
+
+This did much trouble them, and they tooke it into serious delibration,
+and found upon examenation other evidence to give light hear unto, to
+longe hear to relate. In y^e mean time, came one of them from y^e
+Massachucets, with a small pack at his back; and though he knew not a
+foote of y^e way, yet he got safe hither, but lost his way, which was
+well for him, for he was pursued, and so was mist. He tould them hear
+how all things stood amongst them, and that he durst stay no longer, he
+apprehended they (by what he observed) would be all knokt in y^e head
+shortly. This made them make y^e more hast, & dispatched a boate away
+w^th Capten Standish & some men, who found them in a miserable
+condition, out of which he rescued them, and helped them to some releef,
+cut of some few of y^e cheefe conspirators, and, according to his order,
+offered to bring them all hither if they thought good; and they should
+fare no worse then them selves, till M^r. Weston or some supplie came to
+them. Or, if any other course liked them better, he was to doe them any
+helpfullnes he could. They thanked him & y^e rest. But most of them
+desired he would help them with some corne, and they would goe with
+their smale ship to y^e eastward, wher hapily they might here of M^r.
+Weston, or some supply from him, seing y^e time of y^e year was for
+fishing ships to [95] be in y^e land. If not, they would worke among y^e
+fishermen for their liveing, and get ther passage into England, if they
+heard nothing from M^r. Weston in time. So they shipped what they had of
+any worth, and he got them all y^e corne he could (scarce leaving to
+bring him home), and saw them well out of the bay, under saile at sea,
+and so came home, not takeing y^e worth of a peny of any thing that was
+theirs. I have but touched these things breefly, because they have
+allready been published in printe more at large.
+
+This was y^e end of these that some time bosted of their strength,
+(being all able lustie men,) and what they would doe & bring to pass,
+in comparison of y^e people hear, who had many women & children and weak
+ons amongst them; and said at their first arivall, when they saw the
+wants hear, that they would take an other course, and not to fall into
+shuch a condition, as this simple people were come too. But a mans way
+is not in his owne power; God can make y^e weake to stand; let him also
+that standeth take heed least he fall.
+
+Shortly after, M^r. Weston came over with some of y^e fishermen, under
+another name, and y^e disguise of a blacke-smith, were he heard of y^e
+ruine and disolution of his colony. He got a boat and with a man or 2.
+came to see how things were. But by y^e way, for wante of skill, in a
+storme, he cast away his shalop in y^e botome of y^e bay between Meremek
+river & Pascataquack, & hardly escaped with life, and afterwards fell
+into the hands of y^e Indeans, who pillaged him of all he saved from the
+sea, & striped him out of all his cloaths to his shirte. At last he got
+to Pascataquack, & borrowed a suite of cloaths, and got means to come to
+Plimoth. A strang alteration ther was in him to such as had seen & known
+him in his former florishing condition; so uncertaine are y^e mutable
+things of this unstable world. And yet men set their harts upon them,
+though they dayly see y^e vanity therof.
+
+After many passages, and much discourse, (former things boyling in his
+mind, but bit in as was discernd,) he desired to borrow some beaver of
+them; and tould them he had hope of a ship & good supply to come to him,
+and then they should have any thing for it they stood in neede of. They
+gave litle credite to his supplie, but pitied his case, and remembered
+former curtesies. They tould him he saw their wants, and they knew not
+when they should have any supply; also how y^e case stood betweene them
+& their adventurers, he well knew; they had not much bever, & if they
+should let him have it, it were enoughe to make a mutinie among y^e
+people, seeing ther was no other means to procure them foode which they
+so much wanted, & cloaths allso. Yet they tould him they would help him,
+considering his necessitie, but must doe it secretly for y^e former
+reasons. So they let him have 100. beaver-skins, which waighed 170^li.
+odd pounds. Thus they helpt him when all y^e world faild him, and with
+this means he went againe to y^e ships, and stayed his small ship & some
+of his men, & bought provissions and fited him selfe; and it was y^e
+only foundation [96] of his after course. But he requited them ill, for
+he proved after a bitter enimie unto them upon all occasions, and never
+repayed them any thing for it, to this day, but reproches and evill
+words. Yea, he divolged it to some that were none of their best freinds,
+whilst he yet had y^e beaver in his boat; that he could now set them all
+togeather by y^e ears, because they had done more then they could
+answer, in letting him have this beaver, and he did not spare to doe
+what he could. But his malice could not prevaile.
+
+All this whille no supply was heard of, neither knew they when they
+might expecte any. So they begane to thinke how they might raise as much
+corne as they could, and obtaine a beter crope then they had done, that
+they might not still thus languish in miserie. At length, after much
+debate of things, the Gov^r (with y^e advise of y^e cheefest amongest
+them) gave way that they should set corne every man for his owne
+perticuler, and in that regard trust to them selves; in all other things
+to goe on in y^e generall way as before. And so assigned to every family
+a parcell of land, according to the proportion of their number for that
+end, only for present use (but made no devission for inheritance), and
+ranged all boys & youth under some familie. This had very good success;
+for it made all hands very industrious, so as much more corne was
+planted then other waise would have bene by any means y^e Gov^r or any
+other could use, and saved him a great deall of trouble, and gave farr
+better contente. The women now wente willingly into y^e feild, and tooke
+their litle-ons with them to set corne, which before would aledg
+weaknes, and inabilitie; whom to have compelled would have bene thought
+great tiranie and oppression.
+
+The experience that was had in this co[=m]one course and condition,
+tried sundrie years, and that amongst godly and sober men, may well
+evince the vanitie of that conceite of Platos & other ancients,
+applauded by some of later times;--that y^e taking away of propertie,
+and bringing in co[=m]unitie into a comone wealth, would make them happy
+and florishing; as if they were wiser then God. For this comunitie (so
+farr as it was) was found to breed much confusion & discontent, and
+retard much imploym[=e]t that would have been to their benefite and
+comforte. For y^e yong-men that were most able and fitte for labour &
+service did repine that they should spend their time & streingth to
+worke for other mens wives and children, with out any recompence. The
+strong, or man of parts, had no more in devission of victails & cloaths,
+then he that was weake and not able to doe a quarter y^e other could;
+this was thought injuestice. The aged and graver men to be ranked and
+[97] equalised in labours, and victails, cloaths, &c., with y^e meaner &
+yonger sorte, thought it some indignite & disrespect unto them. And for
+mens wives to be commanded to doe servise for other men, as dresing
+their meate, washing their cloaths, &c., they deemd it a kind of
+slaverie, neither could many husbands well brooke it. Upon y^e poynte
+all being to have alike, and all to doe alike, they thought them selves
+in y^e like condition, and one as good as another; and so, if it did not
+cut of those relations that God hath set amongest men, yet it did at
+least much diminish and take of y^e mutuall respects that should be
+preserved amongst them. And would have bene worse if they had been men
+of another condition. Let none objecte this is men's corruption, and
+nothing to y^e course it selfe. I answer, seeing all men have this
+corruption in them, God in his wisdome saw another course fiter for
+them.
+
+But to returne. After this course setled, and by that their co[=r]e was
+planted, all ther victails were spente, and they were only to rest on
+Gods providence; at night not many times knowing wher to have a bitt of
+any thing y^e next day. And so, as one well observed, had need to pray
+that God would give them their dayly brade, above all people in y^e
+world. Yet they bore these wants with great patience & allacritie of
+spirite, and that for so long a time as for y^e most parte of 2. years;
+which makes me remember what Peter Martire writs, (in magnifying y^e
+Spaniards) in his 5. Decade, pag. 208. _They_ (saith he) _led a
+miserable life for 5. days togeather, with y^e parched graine of maize
+only, and that not to saturitie_; and then concluds, _that shuch pains,
+shuch labours, and shuch hunger, he thought none living which is not a
+Spaniard could have endured_. But alass! these, when they had maize (y^t
+is, Indean corne) they thought it as good as a feast, and wanted not
+only for 5. days togeather, but some time 2. or 3. months togeather, and
+neither had bread nor any kind of corne. Indeed, in an other place, in
+his 2. Decade, page 94. he mentions how others of them were worse put to
+it, wher they were faine to eate doggs, toads, and dead men, and so dyed
+almost all. From these extremities the[AY] Lord in his goodnes kept
+these his people, and in their great wants preserved both their lives
+and healthes; let his name have y^e praise. Yet let me hear make use of
+his conclusion, which in some sorte may be applied to this people: _That
+with their miseries they opened a way to these new-lands; and after
+these stormes, with what ease other men came to inhabite in them, in
+respecte of y^e calamities these men suffered; so as they seeme to goe
+to a bride feaste wher all things are provided for them._
+
+They haveing but one boat left and she not over well fitted, they were
+devided into severall companies, 6. or 7. to a gangg or company, and so
+wente out with a nett they had bought, to take bass & such like fish, by
+course, every company knowing their turne. No sooner was y^e boate
+discharged [98] of what she brought, but y^e next company tooke her and
+wente out with her. Neither did they returne till they had cauight
+something, though it were 5. or 6. days before, for they knew ther was
+nothing at home, and to goe home emptie would be a great discouragemente
+to y^e rest. Yea, they strive who should doe best. If she stayed longe
+or got litle, then all went to seeking of shel-fish, which at low-water
+they digged out of y^e sands. And this was their living in y^e so[=m]er
+time, till God sente y^m beter; & in winter they were helped with
+ground-nuts and foule. Also in y^e so[=m]er they gott now & then a dear;
+for one or 2. of y^e fitest was apoynted to range y^e woods for y^t end,
+& what was gott that way was devided amongst them.
+
+At length they received some leters from y^e adventurers, too long and
+tedious hear to record, by which they heard of their furder crosses and
+frustrations; begining in this maner.
+
+  Loving freinds, as your sorrows & afflictions have bin great, so our
+  croses & interceptions in our proceedings hear, have not been small.
+  For after we had with much trouble & charge sente y^e _Parragon_ away
+  to sea, and thought all y^e paine past, within 14. days after she came
+  againe hither, being dangerously leaked, and brused with tempestious
+  stormes, so as shee was faine to be had into y^e docke, and an 100^li.
+  bestowed upon her. All y^e passengers lying upon our charg for 6. or
+  7. weeks, and much discontent and distemper was occasioned hereby, so
+  as some dangerous evente had like to insewed. But we trust all shall
+  be well and worke for y^e best and your benefite, if yet with patience
+  you can waite, and but have strength to hold in life. Whilst these
+  things were doing, M^r. Westons ship came and brought diverce leters
+  from you, &c. It rejoyseth us much to hear of those good reports y^t
+  diverce have brought home from you, &c.
+
+These letters were dated Des. 21: 1622.
+
+So farr of this leter.
+
+This ship was brought by M^r. John Peirce, and set out at his owne
+charge, upon hope of great maters. These passengers, & y^e goods the
+company sent in her, he tooke in for fraught, for which they agreed with
+him to be delivered hear. This was he in whose name their _first
+patente_ was taken, by reason of aquaintance, and some aliance that some
+of their freinds had with him. But his name was only used in trust. But
+when he saw they were hear hopfully thus seated, and by y^e success God
+gave them had obtained y^e favour of y^e Counsell of New-England, he
+goes and sues to them for _another patent_ of much larger extente (in
+their names), which was easily obtained. But he mente to keep it to him
+selfe and alow them what he pleased, to hold of him as tenants, and sue
+to his courts as cheefe Lord, as will appear by that which follows. But
+y^e Lord marvelously crost him; for after this first returne, and y^e
+charge above mentioned, when shee was againe fitted, he pesters him
+selfe and taks in more passengers, and those not very good to help to
+bear his losses, and sets out y^e 2. time. But [99] what y^e event was
+will appear from another leter from one of y^e cheefe of y^e company,
+dated y^e 9. of Aprill, 1623. writ to y^e Gov^r hear, as followeth.
+
+  Loving freind, when I write my last leter, I hope to have received one
+  from you well-nigh by this time. But when I write in Des: I litle
+  thought to have seen M^r. John Peirce till he had brought some good
+  tidings from you. But it pleased God, he brought us y^e wofull tidings
+  of his returne when he was half-way over, by extraime tempest, werin
+  y^e goodnes & mercie of God appeared in sparing their lives, being
+  109. souls. The loss is so great to M^r. Peirce, &c., and y^e companie
+  put upon so great charge, as veryly, &c.
+
+  Now with great trouble & loss, we have got M^r. John Peirce to assigne
+  over y^e grand patente to y^e companie, which he had taken in his owne
+  name, and made quite voyd our former grante. I am sorie to writ how
+  many hear thinke y^t the hand of God was justly against him, both y^e
+  first and 2. time of his returne; in regard he, whom you and we so
+  confidently trusted, but only to use his name for y^e company, should
+  aspire to be lord over us all, and so make you & us tenants at his
+  will and pleasure, our assurance or patente being quite voyd &
+  disanuled by his means. I desire to judg charitably of him. But his
+  unwillingnes to part with his royall Lordship, and y^e high-rate he
+  set it at, which was 500^li. which cost him but 50^li., maks many
+  speake and judg hardly of him. The company are out for goods in his
+  ship, with charge aboute y^e passengers, 640^li., &c.
+
+  We have agreed with 2. marchants for a ship of 140. tunes, caled y^e
+  _Anne_, which is to be ready y^e last of this month, to bring 60.
+  passengers & 60. tune of goods, &c.
+
+This was dated Aprill 9. 1623.
+
+These were ther owne words and judgmente of this mans dealing &
+proceedings; for I thought it more meete to render them in theirs then
+my owne words. And yet though ther was never got other recompence then
+the resignation of this patente, and y^e shares he had in adventure, for
+all y^e former great sumes, he was never quiet, but sued them in most of
+y^e cheefe courts in England, and when he was still cast, brought it to
+y^e Parlemente. But he is now dead, and I will leave him to y^e Lord.
+
+This ship suffered y^e greatest extreemitie at sea at her 2. returne,
+that one shall lightly hear of, to be saved; as I have been informed by
+M^r. William Peirce who was then m^r. of her, and many others that were
+passengers in her. It was aboute y^e _midle of Feb_: The storme was for
+y^e most parte of 14. days, but for 2. or 3. days & nights togeather in
+most violent extremitie. After they had cut downe their mast, y^e storme
+beat of their round house and all their uper works; 3. men had worke
+enough at y^e helme, and he that cund y^e ship before y^e sea, was faine
+[100] to be bound fast for washing away; the seas did so over-rake them,
+as many times those upon y^e decke knew not whether they were within
+bord or withoute; and once she was so foundered in y^e sea as they all
+thought she would never rise againe. But yet y^e Lord preserved them,
+and brought them at last safe to _Ports-mouth_, to y^e wonder of all men
+y^t saw in what a case she was in, and heard what they had endured.
+
+About y^e later end of _June_ came in a ship, with Captaine Francis
+West, who had a comission to be admirall of New-England, to restraine
+interlopers, and shuch fishing ships as came to fish & trade without a
+licence from y^e Counsell of New-England, for which they should pay a
+round sume of money. But he could doe no good of them, for they were to
+stronge for him, and he found y^e fisher men to be stuberne fellows. And
+their owners, upon complainte made to y^e Parlemente, procured an order
+y^t fishing should be free. He tould y^e Gov^r they spooke with a ship
+at sea, and were abord her, y^t was coming for this plantation, in which
+were sundrie passengers, and they marvelled she was not arrived, fearing
+some miscariage; for they lost her in a storme that fell shortly after
+they had been abord. Which relation filled them full of fear, yet mixed
+with hope. The m^r. of this ship had some 2. [=h][=h] of pease to sell,
+but seeing their wants, held them at 9^li. sterling a hoggshead, & under
+8^li. he would not take, and yet would have beaver at an under rate. But
+they tould him they had lived so long with out, and would doe still,
+rather then give so unreasonably. So they went from hence to
+Virginia.[AZ]
+
+About 14. days after came in this ship, caled y^e _Anne_, wherof M^r.
+William Peirce was m^r., and aboute a weeke or 10. days after came in
+y^e pinass which in foule weather they lost at sea, a fine new vessell
+of about 44. tune, which y^e company had builte to stay in the cuntrie.
+They brought about 60. persons for y^e generall, some of them being very
+usefull persons, and became good members to y^e body, and some were y^e
+wives and children of shuch as were hear allready. And some were so bad,
+as they were faine to be at charge to send them home againe y^e next
+year. Also, besids these ther came a company, that did not belong to y^e
+generall body, but came one[BA] their perticuler, and were to have lands
+assigned them, and be for them selves, yet to be subjecte to y^e
+generall Goverment; which caused some diferance and disturbance [101]
+amongst them, as will after appeare. I shall hear againe take libertie
+to inserte a few things out of shuch leters as came in this shipe,
+desiring rather to manefest things in ther words and apprehentions, then
+in my owne, as much as may be, without tediousness.
+
+  Beloved freinds, I kindly salute you all, with trust of your healths &
+  wellfare, being right sorie y^t no supplie hath been made to you all
+  this while; for defence wher of, I must referr you to our generall
+  leters. Naitheir indeed have we now sent you many things, which we
+  should & would, for want of money. But persons, more then inough,
+  (though not all we should,) for people come flying in upon us, but
+  monys come creeping in to us. Some few of your old freinds are come,
+  as, &c. So they come droping to you, and by degrees, I hope ere long
+  you shall enjoye them all. And because people press so hard upon us to
+  goe, and often shuch as are none of y^e fitest, I pray you write
+  ernestly to y^e Treasurer and directe what persons should be sente. It
+  greeveth me to see so weake a company sent you, and yet had I not been
+  hear they had been weaker. You must still call upon the company hear
+  to see y^t honest men be sente you, and threaten to send them back if
+  any other come, &c. We are not any way so much in danger, as by
+  corrupte an noughty persons. Shuch, and shuch, came without my
+  consente; but y^e importunitie of their freinds got promise of our
+  Treasurer in my absence. Neither is ther need we should take any lewd
+  men, for we may have honest men enew, &c.
+
+  Your assured freind,
+  R. C.
+
+
+The following was from y^e genrall.
+
+  Loving freinds, we most hartily salute you in all love and harty
+  affection; being yet in hope y^t the same God which hath hithertoo
+  preserved you in a marvelous maner, doth yet continue your lives and
+  health, to his owne praise and all our comforts. Being right sory that
+  you have not been sent unto all this time, &c. We have in this ship
+  sent shuch women, as were willing and ready to goe to their husbands
+  and freinds, with their children, &c. We would not have you
+  discontente, because we have not sent you more of your old freinds,
+  and in speciall, him[BB] on whom you most depend. Farr be it from us
+  to neclecte you, or contemne him. But as y^e intente was at first, so
+  y^e evente at last shall shew it, that we will deal fairly, and
+  squarly answer your expectations to the full. Ther are also come unto
+  you, some honest men to plant upon their particulers besids you. A
+  thing which if we should not give way unto, we should wrong both them
+  and you. Them, by puting them on things more inconveniente, and you,
+  for that being honest men, they will be a strengthening to y^e place,
+  and good neighbours [102] unto you. Tow things we would advise you of,
+  which we have likwise signified them hear. First, y^e trade for skins
+  to be retained for the generall till y^e devidente; 2^ly. y^t their
+  setling by you, be with shuch distance of place as is neither
+  inconvenient for y^e lying of your lands, nor hurtfull to your speedy
+  & easie assembling togeather.
+
+  We have sente you diverse fisher men, with salte, &c. Diverse other
+  provissions we have sente you, as will appear in your bill of lading,
+  and though we have not sent all we would (because our cash is small),
+  yet it is y^t we could, &c.
+
+  And allthough it seemeth you have discovered many more rivers and
+  fertill grounds then y^t wher you are, yet seeing by Gods providence
+  y^t place fell to you^r lote, let it be accounted as your portion; and
+  rather fixe your eyes upon that which may be done ther, then languish
+  in hops after things els-wher. If your place be not y^e best, it is
+  better, you shall be y^e less envied and encroached upon; and shuch as
+  are earthly minded, will not setle too near your border.[BC] If y^e
+  land afford you bread, and y^e sea yeeld you fish, rest you a while
+  contented, God will one day afford you better fare. And all men shall
+  know you are neither fugetives nor discontents. But can, if God so
+  order it, take y^e worst to your selves, with content,[BD] & leave y^e
+  best to your neighbours, with cherfullnes.
+
+  Let it not be greeveous unto you y^t you have been instruments to
+  breake y^e ise for others who come after with less dificulty, the
+  honour shall be yours to y^e worlds end, &c.
+
+  We bear you always in our brests, and our harty affection is towards
+  you all, as are y^e harts of hundreds more which never saw your faces,
+  who doubtles pray for your saftie as their owne, as we our selves both
+  doe & ever shall, that y^e same God which hath so marvelously
+  preserved you from seas, foes, and famine, will still preserve you
+  from all future dangers, and make you honourable amongst men, and
+  glorious in blise at y^e last day. And so y^e Lord be with you all &
+  send us joyfull news from you, and inable us with one shoulder so to
+  accomplish & perfecte this worke, as much glorie may come to Him y^t
+  confoundeth y^e mighty by the weak, and maketh small thinges great. To
+  whose greatnes, be all glorie for ever & ever.
+
+This leter was subscribed with 13. of their names.
+
+These passengers, when they saw their low & poore condition a shore,
+were much danted and dismayed, and according to their diverse humores
+were diversly affected; some wished them selves in England againe;
+others fell a weeping, fancying their own miserie in what y^ey saw now
+in others; other some pitying the distress they saw their freinds had
+been long in, and still were under; in a word, all were full of sadnes.
+Only some of their old freinds rejoysed to see them, and y^t it was no
+worse with them, for they could not expecte it should be better, and now
+hoped they should injoye better days togeather. And truly it was [103]
+no marvell they should be thus affected, for they were in a very low
+condition, many were ragged in aparell, & some litle beter then halfe
+naked; though some y^t were well stord before, were well enough in this
+regard. But for food they were all alike, save some y^t had got a few
+pease of y^e ship y^t was last hear. The best dish they could presente
+their freinds with was a lobster, or a peece of fish, without bread or
+any thing els but a cupp of fair spring water. And y^e long continuance
+of this diate, and their labours abroad, had something abated y^e
+freshnes of their former complexion. But God gave them health and
+strength in a good measure; and shewed them by experience y^e truth of
+y^t word, Deut. 8. 3. _Y^t man liveth not by bread only, but by every
+word y^t proceedeth out of y^e mouth of y^e Lord doth a man live._
+
+When I think how sadly y^e scripture speaks of the famine in Jaakobs
+time, when he said to his sonns, Goe buy us food, that we may live and
+not dye. Gen. 42. 2. and 43. 1, that the famine was great, or heavie in
+the land; and yet they had such great herds, and store of catle of
+sundrie kinds, which, besids flesh, must needs produse other food, as
+milke, butter & cheese, &c., and yet it was counted a sore affliction;
+theirs hear must needs be very great, therfore, who not only wanted the
+staffe of bread, but all these things, and had no Egipte to goe too. But
+God fedd them out of y^e sea for y^e most parte, so wonderfull is his
+providence over his in all ages; for his mercie endureth for ever.
+
+On y^e other hand the old planters were affraid that their corne, when
+it was ripe, should be imparted to y^e new-co[=m]ers, whose provissions
+w^ch they brought with them they feared would fall short before y^e year
+wente aboute (as indeed it did). They came to y^e Gov^r and besought him
+that as it was before agreed that they should set corne for their
+perticuler, and accordingly they had taken extraordinary pains ther
+aboute, that they might freely injoye the same, and they would not have
+a bitte of y^e victails now come, but waite till harvest for their owne,
+and let y^e new-co[=m]ers injoye what they had brought; they would have
+none of it, excepte they could purchase any of it of them by bargaine or
+exchainge. Their requeste was granted them, for it gave both sides good
+contente; for y^e new-co[=m]ers were as much afraid that y^e hungrie
+planters would have eat up y^e provissions brought, and they should
+have fallen into y^e like condition.
+
+This ship was in a shorte time laden with clapbord, by y^e help of many
+hands. Also they sente in her all y^e beaver and other furrs they had, &
+M^r. Winslow was sent over with her, to informe of all things, and
+procure such things as were thought needfull for their presente
+condition. By this time harvest was come, and in stead of famine, now
+God gave them plentie, and y^e face of things was changed, to y^e
+rejoysing of y^e harts of many, for which they blessed God. And y^e
+effect of their particuler planting was well seene, for all had, one way
+& other, pretty well to bring y^e year aboute, and some of y^e abler
+sorte and more [104] industrious had to spare, and sell to others, so as
+any generall wante or famine hath not been amongst them since to this
+day.
+
+Those that come on their perticuler looked for greater matters then they
+found or could attaine unto, aboute building great houses, and such
+pleasant situations for them, as them selves had fancied; as if they
+would be great men & rich, all of a sudaine; but they proved castls in
+y^e aire. These were y^e conditions agreed on betweene y^e colony and
+them.
+
+First, that y^e Gov^r, in y^e name and with y^e consente of y^e company,
+doth in all love and frendship receive and imbrace them; and is to
+allote them competente places for habitations within y^e towne. And
+promiseth to shew them all such other curtesies as shall be reasonable
+for them to desire, or us to performe.
+
+2. That they, on their parts, be subjecte to all such laws & orders as
+are already made, or hear after shall be, for y^e publick good.
+
+3. That they be freed and exempte from y^e generall imployments of the
+said company, (which their presente condition of comunitie requireth,)
+excepte commune defence, & such other imployments as tend to y^e
+perpetuall good of y^e collony.
+
+4^ly. Towards y^e maintenance of Go[~v]^rt, & publick officers of y^e
+said collony, every male above y^e age of 16. years shall pay a bushell
+of Indean wheat, or y^e worth of it, into y^e commone store.
+
+5^ly. That (according to y^e agreemente y^e marchants made with y^m
+before they came) they are to be wholy debared from all trade with the
+Indeans for all sorts of furrs, and such like commodities, till y^e time
+of y^e comunallitie be ended.
+
+About y^e midle of September arrived Captaine Robart Gorges in y^e Bay
+of y^e Massachusets, with sundrie passengers and families, intending
+ther to begine a plantation; and pitched upon y^e place M^r. Weston's
+people had forsaken. He had a co[=m]ission from y^e Counsell of
+New-England, to be generall Gove^r of y^e cuntrie, and they appoynted
+for his counsell & assistance, Captaine Francis West, y^e aforesaid
+admirall, Christopher Levite, Esquire, and y^e Gov^r of Plimoth for y^e
+time beeing, etc. Allso, they gave him authoritie to chuse such other as
+he should find fit. Allso, they gave (by their co[=m]ission) full power
+to him and his assistants, or any 3. of them, wherof him selfe was
+allway to be one, to doe and execute what to them should seeme good, in
+all cases, Capitall, Criminall, and Civill, etc., with diverce other
+instructions. Of which, and his comission, it pleased him to suffer y^e
+Gov^r hear to take a coppy.
+
+He gave them notice of his arivall by letter, but before they could
+visite him he went to y^e eastward with y^e ship he came in; but a
+storme arising, (and they wanting a good pilot to harbor them in those
+parts,) they bore up for this harbor. He and his men were hear kindly
+entertained; he stayed hear 14. days. In y^e mean time came in M^r.
+Weston with his small ship, which he had now recovered. [105[BE]]
+Captaine Gorges tooke hold of y^e opportunitie, and acquainted y^e Gov^r
+hear, that one occasion of his going to y^e eastward was to meete with
+M^r. Weston, and call him to accounte for some abuses he had to lay to
+his charge. Wherupon he called him before him, and some other of his
+assistants, with y^e Gov^r of this place; and charged him, first, with
+y^e ille carriage of his men at y^e Massachusets; by which means the
+peace of y^e cuntrie was disturbed, and him selfe and the people which
+he had brought over to plante in that bay were therby much prejudised.
+To this M^r. Weston easily answered, that what was that way done, was in
+his absence, and might have befalen any man; he left them sufficently
+provided, and conceived they would have been well governed; and for any
+errour co[=m]itted he had sufficiently smarted. This particuler was
+passed by. A 2^d. was, for an abuse done to his father, S^r. Ferdenando
+Gorges, and to y^e State. The thing was this; he used him & others of
+y^e Counsell of New-England, to procure him a licence for y^e
+transporting of many peeces of great ordnance for New-England,
+pretending great fortification hear in y^e countrie, & I know not what
+shipping. The which when he had obtained, he went and sould them beyond
+seas for his private profite; for which (he said) y^e State was much
+offended, and his father suffered a shrowd check, and he had order to
+apprehend him for it. M^r. Weston excused it as well as he could, but
+could not deney it; it being one maine thing (as was said) for which he
+with-drew himself. But after many passages, by y^e mediation of y^e
+Gov^r and some other freinds hear, he was inclined to gentlnes (though
+he aprehended y^e abuse of his father deeply); which, when M^r. Weston
+saw, he grew more presumptuous, and gave such provocking & cutting
+speches, as made him rise up in great indignation & distemper, and vowed
+y^t he would either curb him, or send him home for England. At which
+M^r. Weston was something danted, and came privatly to y^e Gov^r hear,
+to know whether they would suffer Captaine Gorges to apprehend him. He
+was tould they could not hinder him, but much blamed him, y^t after they
+had pacified things, he should thus breake out, by his owne folly &
+rashnes, to bring trouble upon him selfe & them too. He confest it was
+his passion, and prayd y^e Gov^r to entreat for him, and pacifie him if
+he could. The which at last he did, with much adoe; so he was called
+againe, and y^e Gov^r was contente to take his owne bond to be ready to
+make further answer, when either he or y^e lords should send for him.
+And at last he tooke only his word, and ther was a fre[=i]dly parting on
+all hands.
+
+But after he was gone, M^r. Weston in lue of thanks to y^e Gov^r and his
+freinds hear, gave them this quib (behind their baks) for all their
+pains. That though they were but yonge justices, yet they wear good
+beggers. Thus they parted at this time, and shortly after y^e Gov^r
+tooke his leave and went to y^e Massachusets by land, being very
+thankfull for his kind entertainemente. The ship stayed hear, and fitted
+her selfe to goe for Virginia, having some passengers ther to deliver;
+and with her returned sundrie of those from hence which came over on
+their perticuler, some out of discontente and dislike of y^e cuntrie;
+others by reason of a fire that broke out, and burnt y^e houses they
+lived in, and all their provisions [106[BF]] so as they were
+necessitated therunto. This fire was occasioned by some of y^e sea-men
+that were roystering in a house wher it first begane, makeing a great
+fire in very could weather, which broke out of y^e chimney into y^e
+thatch, and burnte downe 3. or 4. houses, and consumed all y^e goods &
+provissions in y^m. The house in which it begane was right against their
+store-house, which they had much adoe to save, in which were their
+co[=m]one store & all their provissions; y^e which if it had been lost,
+y^e plantation had been over-throwne. But through Gods mercie it was
+saved by y^e great dilligence of y^e people, & care of the Gov^r & some
+aboute him. Some would have had y^e goods throwne out; but if they had,
+ther would much have been stolne by the rude company y^t belonged to
+these 2. ships, which were allmost all ashore. But a trusty company was
+plased within, as well as those that with wet-cloaths & other means kept
+of y^e fire without, that if necessitie required they might have them
+out with all speed. For y^ey suspected some malicious dealling, if not
+plaine treacherie, and whether it was only suspition or no, God knows;
+but this is certaine, that when y^e tumulte was greatest, ther was a
+voyce heard (but from whom it was not knowne) that bid them looke well
+aboute them, for all were not freinds y^t were near them. And shortly
+after, when the vemencie of y^e fire was over, smoke was seen to arise
+within a shed y^t was joynd to y^e end of y^e storehouse, which was
+watled up with bowes, in y^e withered leaves wherof y^e fire was
+kindled, which some, ru[=n]ing to quench, found a longe firebrand of an
+ell longe, lying under y^e wale on y^e inside, which could not possibly
+come their by cassualtie, but must be laid ther by some hand, in y^e
+judgmente of all that saw it. But God kept them from this deanger, what
+ever was intended.
+
+Shortly after Captaine Gorges, y^e generall Gov^r, was come home to y^e
+Massachusets, he sends a warrante to arrest M^r. Weston & his ship, and
+sends a m^r. to bring her away thither, and one Captain Hanson (that
+belonged to him) to conducte him along. The Gov^r & others hear were
+very sory to see him take this course, and tooke exception at y^e
+warrante, as not legall nor sufficiente; and withall write to him to
+disswade him from this course, shewing him y^t he would but entangle and
+burthen him selfe in doing this; for he could not doe M^r. Weston a
+better turne, (as things stood with him); for he had a great many men
+that belonged to him in this barke, and was deeply ingaged to them for
+wages, and was in a ma[=n]er out of victails (_and now winter_); all
+which would light upon him, if he did arrest his barke. In y^e mean time
+M^r. Weston had notice to shift for him selfe; but it was conceived he
+either knew not whither to goe, or how to mend him selfe, but was rather
+glad of y^e occasion, and so stirred not. But y^e Gov^r would not be
+perswaded, but [107] sent a very formall warrente under his hand &
+seall, with strict charge as they would answere it to y^e state; he also
+write that he had better considered of things since he was hear, and he
+could not answer it to let him goe so; besids other things that were
+come to his knowledg since, which he must answer too. So he was suffered
+to proceede, but he found in the end that to be true that was tould him;
+for when an inventorie was taken of what was in y^e ship, ther was not
+vitailes found for above 14. days, at a pare allowance, and not much
+else of any great worth, & the men did so crie out of him for wages and
+diate, in y^e mean time, as made him soone weary. So as in conclusion it
+turned to his loss, and y^e expence of his owne provissions; and
+_towards the spring_ they came to agreement, (after they had bene to y^e
+eastward,) and y^e Gov^r restord him his vessell againe, and made him
+satisfaction, in bisket, meal, and such like provissions, for what he
+had made use of that was his, or what his men had any way wasted or
+consumed. So M^r. Weston came hither againe, and afterward shaped his
+course for Virginie, & so for present I shall leave him.[BG]
+
+The Gov^r and some y^t depended upon him returned for England, haveing
+scarcly saluted y^e cuntrie in his Govermente, not finding the state of
+things hear to answer his quallitie & condition. The peopl dispersed
+them selves, some went for England, others for Virginia, some few
+remained, and were helped with supplies from hence. The Gov^r brought
+over a minister with him, one M^r. Morell, who, about a year after y^e
+Gov^r returned, tooke shipping from hence. He had I know not what power
+and authority of superintendancie over other churches granted him, and
+sundrie instructions for that end; but he never shewed it, or made any
+use of it; (it should seeme he saw it was in vaine;) he only speake of
+it to some hear at his going away. This was in effect y^e end of a 2.
+plantation in that place. Ther were allso this year some scatering
+beginings made in other places, as at Paskataway, by M^r. David Thomson,
+at Monhigen, and some other places by sundrie others.
+
+It rests now y^t I speake a word aboute y^e pi[=n]ass spoken of before,
+which was sent by y^e adventurers to be imployed in y^e cuntrie. She was
+a fine vessell, and bravely set out,[BH] and I fear y^e adventurers did
+over pride them selves in her, for she had ill success. How ever, they
+erred grosly in tow things aboute her; first, though she had a
+sufficiente maister, yet she was rudly ma[=n]ed, and all her men were
+upon shars, and none was to have any wages but y^e m^r. 2^ly, wheras
+they mainly lookt at trade, they had sent nothing of any value to trade
+with. When the men came hear, and mette with ill counsell from M^r.
+Weston & his crue, with others of y^e same stampe, neither m^r. nor
+Gov^r could scarce rule [108] them, for they exclaimed that they were
+abused & deceived, for they were tould they should goe for a man of
+warr, and take I know not whom, French & Spaniards, &c. They would
+neither trade nor fish, excepte they had wages; in fine, they would obey
+no co[=m]and of y^e maisters; so it was apprehended they would either
+rune away with y^e vessell, or get away w^th y^e ships, and leave her;
+so as M^r. Peirce & others of their freinds perswaded the Gov^r to
+chaing their condition, and give them wages; which was accordingly done.
+And she was sente about y^e Cape to y^e Narigansets to trade, but they
+made but a poore vioage of it. Some corne and beaver they got, but y^e
+Dutch used to furnish them with cloath & better co[=m]odities, they
+haveing only a few beads & knives, which were not ther much esteemed.
+Allso, in her returne home, at y^e very entrance into ther owne harbore,
+she had like to have been cast away in a storme, and was forced to cut
+her maine mast by y^e bord, to save herselfe from driving on y^e flats
+that lye without, caled Browns Ilands, the force of y^e wind being so
+great as made her anchors give way and she drive right upon them; but
+her mast & takling being gone, they held her till y^e wind shifted.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1624._
+
+The time of new election of ther officers for this year being come,
+and[BI] y^e number of their people increased, and their troubls and
+occasions therwith, the Gov^r desired them to chainge y^e persons, as
+well as renew y^e election; and also to adde more Assistans to y^e Gov^r
+for help & counsell, and y^e better carrying on of affairs. Showing that
+it was necessarie it should be so. If it was any honour or benefite, it
+was fitte others should be made pertakers of it; if it was a burthen,
+(as doubtles it was,) it was but equall others should help to bear it;
+and y^t this was y^e end of A[=n]uall Elections. The issue was, that as
+before ther was but one Assistante, they now chose 5. giving the Gov^r a
+duble voyce; and aftwards they increased them to 7. which course hath
+continued to this day.
+
+They having with some truble & charge new-masted and rigged their
+pinass, in y^e begining of March they sent her well vitaled to the
+eastward on fishing. She arrived safly at a place near Damarins cove,
+and was there well harbored in a place wher ships used to ride, ther
+being also some ships allready arived out of England. But shortly after
+ther [109] arose such a violent & extraordinarie storme, as y^e seas
+broak over such places in y^e harbor as was never seene before, and
+drive her against great roks, which beat such a hole in her bulke, as a
+horse and carte might have gone in, and after drive her into deep-water,
+wher she lay sunke. The m^r. was drowned, the rest of y^e men, all save
+one, saved their lives, with much a doe; all her provision, salt, and
+what els was in her, was lost. And here I must leave her to lye till
+afterward.
+
+Some of those that still remained hear on their perticuler, begane
+privatly to nurish a faction, and being privie to a strong faction that
+was among y^e adventurers in England, on whom sundry of them did depend,
+by their private whispering they drew some of the weaker sorte of y^e
+company to their side, and so filld them with discontente, as nothing
+would satisfie them excepte they might be suffered to be in their
+perticuler allso; and made great offers, so they might be freed from y^e
+generall. The Gov^r consulting with y^e ablest of y^e generall body what
+was best to be done hear in, it was resolved to permitte them so to doe,
+upon equall conditions. The conditions were the same in effect with y^e
+former before related. Only some more added, as that they should be
+bound here to remaine till y^e generall partnership was ended. And also
+that they should pay into y^e store, y^e on halfe of all such goods and
+comodities as they should any waise raise above their food, in
+consideration of what charg had been layed out for them, with some such
+like things. This liberty granted, soone stopt this gape, for ther was
+but a few that undertooke this course when it came too; and they were
+as sone weary of it. For the other had perswaded them, & M^r. Weston
+togeather, that ther would never come more supply to y^e generall body;
+but y^e perticulers had such freinds as would carry all, and doe for
+them I know not what.
+
+Shortly after, M^r. Winslow came over, and brought a prety good supply,
+and the ship came on fishing, a thing fatall to this plantation. He
+brought 3. heifers & a bull, the first begining of any catle of that
+kind in y^e land, with some cloathing & other necessaries, as will
+further appear; but withall y^e reporte of a strong faction amongst y^e
+adventurers[BJ] against them, and espetially against y^e coming of y^e
+rest from Leyden, and with what difficulty this supply was procured, and
+how, by their strong & long opposision, bussines was so retarded as not
+only they were now falne too late for y^e fishing season, but the best
+men were taken up of y^e fishermen in the west countrie, and he was
+forct to take such a m^r. & company for that imployment as he could
+procure upon y^e present. Some letters from them shall beter declare
+these things, being as followeth.
+
+  [110] Most worthy & loving freinds, your kind & loving leters I have
+  received, and render you many thanks, &c. It hath plased God to stirre
+  up y^e harts of our adventurers[BJ] to raise a new stock for the
+  seting forth of this shipe, caled the Charitie, with men &
+  necessaries, both for the plantation and the fishing, though
+  accomplished with very great difficulty; in regard we have some
+  amongst us which undoubtedly aime more at their owne private ends, and
+  the thwarting & opposing of some hear, and other worthy
+  instruments,[BK] of Gods glory elswher, then at the generall good and
+  furtherance of this noble & laudable action. Yet againe we have many
+  other, and I hope the greatest parte, very honest Christian men, which
+  I am perswaded their ends and intents are wholy for the glory of our
+  Lord Jesus Christ, in the propagation of his gospell, and hope of
+  gaining those poore salvages to the knowledg of God. But, as we have a
+  proverbe, One scabed sheep may marr a whole flock, so these
+  malecontented persons, & turbulente spirits, doe what in them lyeth to
+  withdraw mens harts from you and your freinds, yea, even from the
+  generall bussines; and yet under show and pretence of godlynes and
+  furtherance of the plantation. Wheras the quite contrary doth plainly
+  appeare; as some of the honester harted men (though of late of their
+  faction) did make manifest at our late meeting. But what should I
+  trouble you or my selfe with these restles opposers of all goodnes,
+  and I doubte will be continuall disturbers of our frendly meetings &
+  love. On Thurs-day the 8. of Jan: we had a meeting aboute the artickls
+  betweene you & us; wher they would rejecte that, which we in our late
+  leters prest you to grante, (an addition to the time of our joynt
+  stock). And their reason which they would make known to us was, it
+  trobled their conscience to exacte longer time of you then was agreed
+  upon at the first. But that night they were so followed and crost of
+  their perverse courses, as they were even wearied, and offered to sell
+  their adventurs; and some were willing to buy. But I, doubting they
+  would raise more scandale and false reports, and so diverse waise doe
+  us more hurt, by going of in such a furie, then they could or can by
+  continuing adventurers amongst us, would not suffer them. But on y^e
+  12. of Jan: we had another meting, but in the interime diverse of us
+  had talked with most of them privatly, and had great combats &
+  reasoning, pro & con. But at night when we mete to read y^e generall
+  letter, we had y^e loveingest and frendlyest meeting that ever I
+  knew[BL] and our greatest enemise offered to lend us 50_{li}. So I
+  sent for a potle of wine, (I would you could[BM] doe y^e like,) which
+  we dranke freindly together. Thus God can turne y^e harts of men when
+  it pleaseth him, &c. Thus loving freinds, I hartily salute you all in
+  y^e Lord, hoping ever to rest,
+
+  Yours to my power,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Jan: 25. 1623.
+
+[111] _Another leter._
+
+  Beloved S^r., &c. We have now sent you, we hope, men & means, to setle
+  these 3. things, viz. fishing, salt making, and boat making; if you
+  can bring them to pass to some perfection, your wants may be supplyed.
+  I pray you bend you selfe what you can to setle these bussinesses. Let
+  y^e ship be fraught away as soone as you can, and sent to Bilbow. You
+  must send some discreete man for factore, whom, once more, you must
+  also authorise to confirme y^e conditions. If M^r. Winslow could be
+  spared, I could wish he came againe. This ship carpenter is thought
+  to be the fittest man for you in the land, and will no doubte doe you
+  much good. Let him have an absolute comand over his servants & such as
+  you put to him. Let him build you 2. catches, a lighter, and some 6.
+  or 7. shalops, as soone as you can. The salt-man is a skillfull &
+  industrious man, put some to him, that may quickly apprehende y^e
+  misterie of it. The preacher we have sent is (we hope) an honest
+  plaine man, though none of y^e most eminente and rare. Aboute chusing
+  him into office use your owne liberty & discretion; he knows he is no
+  officer amongst you, though perhaps custome & universalitie may make
+  him forget him selfe. M^r. Winslow & my selfe gave way to his going,
+  to give contente to some hear, and we see no hurt in it, but only his
+  great charge of children.
+
+  We have tooke a patente for Cap Anne, &c. I am sory ther is no more
+  discretion used by some in their leters hither.[BN] Some say you are
+  starved in body & soule; others, y^t you eate piggs & doggs, that dye
+  alone; others, that y^e things hear spoaken of, y^e goodnes of y^e
+  cuntry, are gross and palpable lyes; that ther is scarce a foule to be
+  seene, or a fish to be taken, and many such like. I would such
+  discontented men were hear againe, for it is a miserie when y^e whole
+  state of a plantation shall be thus exposed to y^e passionate humors
+  of some discontented men. And for my selfe I shall hinder for
+  hearafter some y^t would goe, and have not better composed their
+  affections; mean space it is all our crosses, and we must bear them.
+
+  I am sorie we have not sent you more and other things, but in truth we
+  have rune into so much charge, to victaile y^e ship, provide salte &
+  other fishing implements, &c. as we could not provid other comfortable
+  things, as buter, suger, &c. I hope the returne of this ship, and the
+  James, will put us in cash againe. The Lord make you full of courage
+  in this troublesome bussines, which now must be stuck unto, till God
+  give us rest from our labours. Fare well in all harty affection.
+
+  Your assured friend,
+  R. C.
+
+  Jan: 24. 1623.
+
+
+With y^e former letter write by M^r. Sherley, there were sente sundrie
+objections concerning which he thus writeth. "These are the cheefe
+objections which they [112] that are now returned make against you and
+the countrie. I pray you consider them, and answer them by the first
+conveniencie." These objections were made by some of those that came
+over on their perticuler and were returned home, as is before mentioned,
+and were of y^e same suite with those y^t this other letter mentions.
+
+I shall here set them downe, with y^e answers then made unto them, and
+sent over at y^e returne of this ship; which did so confound y^e
+objecters, as some confessed their falte, and others deneyed what they
+had said, and eate their words, & some others of them have since come
+over againe and heere lived to convince them selves sufficiently, both
+in their owne & other mens judgments.
+
+1. obj. was diversitie aboute Religion. Ans: We know no such matter, for
+here was never any controversie or opposition, either publicke or
+private, (to our knowledg,) since we came.
+
+2. ob: Neglecte of familie duties, one y^e Lords day.
+
+Ans. We allow no such thing, but blame it in our selves & others; and
+they that thus reporte it, should have shewed their Christian love the
+more if they had in love tould y^e offenders of it, rather then thus to
+reproach them behind their baks. But (to say no more) we wish them
+selves had given better example.
+
+3. ob: Wante of both the sacrements.
+
+Ans. The more is our greefe, that our pastor is kept from us, by whom we
+might injoye them; for we used to have the Lords Supper every Saboth,
+and baptisme as often as ther was occasion of children to baptise.
+
+4. ob: Children not catechised nor taught to read.
+
+Ans: Neither is true; for diverse take pains with their owne as they
+can; indeede, we have no co[=m]one schoole for want of a fitt person, or
+hithertoo means to maintaine one; though we desire now to begine.
+
+5. ob: Many of y^e perticuler members of y^e plantation will not work
+for y^e generall.
+
+Ans: This allso is not wholy true; for though some doe it not willingly,
+& other not honestly, yet all doe it; and he that doth worst gets his
+owne foode & something besids. But we will not excuse them, but labour
+to reforme them y^e best we cane, or else to quitte y^e plantation of
+them.
+
+6. ob: The water is not wholsome.
+
+Ans: If they mean, not so wholsome as y^e good beere and wine in
+London, (which they so dearly love,) we will not dispute with them; but
+els, for water, it is as good as any in the world, (for ought we knowe,)
+and it is wholsome enough to us that can be contente therwith.
+
+7. ob: The ground is barren and doth bear no grasse.
+
+[113] Ans: It is hear (as in all places) some better & some worse; and
+if they well consider their words, in England they shall not find such
+grasse in them, as in their feelds & meadows. The catle find grasse, for
+they are as fatt as need be; we wish we had but one for every hundred
+that hear is grase to keep. Indeed, this objection, as some other, are
+ridiculous to all here which see and know y^e contrary.
+
+8. ob: The fish will not take salt to keepe sweete.
+
+Ans: This is as true as that which was written, that ther is scarce a
+foule to be seene or a fish to be taken. Things likly to be true in a
+cuntrie wher so many sayle of ships come yearly a fishing; they might as
+well say, there can no aile or beere in London be kept from sowering.
+
+9. ob: Many of them are theevish and steale on from an other.
+
+Ans: Would London had been free from that crime, then we should not have
+been trobled with these here; it is well knowne sundrie have smarted
+well for it, and so are y^e rest like to doe, if they be taken.
+
+10. ob: The countrie is anoyed with foxes and woules.
+
+Ans: So are many other good cuntries too; but poyson, traps, and other
+such means will help to destroy them.
+
+11. ob: The Dutch are planted nere Hudsons Bay, and are likely to
+overthrow the trade.
+
+Ans: They will come and plante in these parts, also, if we and others
+doe not, but goe home and leave it to them. We rather commend them, then
+condemne them for it.
+
+12. ob: The people are much anoyed with muskeetoes.
+
+Ans: They are too delicate and unfitte to begine new-plantations and
+collonies, that cannot enduer the biting of a muskeeto; we would wish
+such to keepe at home till at least they be muskeeto proofe. Yet this
+place is as free as any, and experience teacheth that y^e more y^e land
+is tild, and y^e woods cut downe, the fewer ther will be, and in the end
+scarse any at all.
+
+Having thus dispatcht these things, that I may handle things togeather,
+I shall here inserte 2. other letters from M^r. Robinson their pastor;
+the one to y^e Gov^r, y^e other to M^r. Brewster their Elder, which will
+give much light to y^e former things, and express the tender love & care
+of a true pastor over them.
+
+_His leter to y^e Gov^r._
+
+  My loving & much beloved friend, whom God hath hithertoo preserved,
+  preserve and keepe you still to his glorie, and y^e good of many; that
+  his blessing may make your godly and wise endeavours answerable to y^e
+  valuation which they ther have, & set upon y^e same. Of your love too
+  and care for us here, we never doubted; so are we glad to take
+  knowledg of it in that fullnes we doe. Our love & care to and for you,
+  is mutuall, though our hopes of coming [114] unto you be small, and
+  weaker then ever. But of this at large in Mr. Brewsters letter, with
+  whom you, and he with you, mutualy, I know, comunicate your letters,
+  as I desire you may doe these, &c.
+
+  Concerning y^e killing of those poor Indeans, of which we heard at
+  first by reporte, and since by more certaine relation, oh! how happy a
+  thing had it been, if you had converted some, before you had killed
+  any; besids, wher bloud is one begune to be shed, it is seldome
+  stanched of a long time after. You will say they deserved it. I grant
+  it; but upon what provocations and invitments by those heathenish
+  Christians?[BO] Besids, you, being no magistrats over them, were to
+  consider, not what they deserved, but what you were by necessitie
+  constrained to inflicte. Necessitie of this, espetially of killing so
+  many, (and many more, it seems, they would, if they could,) I see not.
+  Methinks on or tow principals should have been full enough, according
+  to that approved rule, The punishmente to a few, and y^e fear to many.
+  Upon this occasion let me be bould to exhorte you seriouly to consider
+  of y^e dispossition of your Captaine, whom I love, and am perswaded
+  y^e Lord in great mercie and for much good hath sent you him, if you
+  use him aright. He is a man humble and meek amongst you, and towards
+  all in ordinarie course. But now if this be meerly from an humane
+  spirite, ther is cause to fear that by occasion, espetially of
+  provocation, ther may be wanting y^t tendernes of y^e life of man
+  (made after Gods image) which is meete. It is also a thing more
+  glorious in mens eyes, then pleasing in Gods, or conveniente for
+  Christians, to be a terrour to poore barbarous people; and indeed I am
+  afraid least, by these occasions, others should be drawne to affecte a
+  kind of rufling course in the world. I doubt not but you will take in
+  good part these things which I write, and as ther is cause make use of
+  them. It were to us more comfortable and convenient, that we
+  comunicated our mutuall helps in presence, but seeing that canot be
+  done, we shall always long after you, and love you, and waite Gods
+  apoynted time. The adventurers it seems have neither money nor any
+  great mind of us, for y^e most parte. They deney it to be any part of
+  y^e covenants betwixte us, that they should tr[=a]sporte us, neither
+  doe I looke for any further help from them, till means come from you.
+  We hear are strangers in effecte to y^e whole course, and so both we
+  and you (save as your owne wisdoms and worths have intressed you
+  further) of principals intended in this bussines, are scarce
+  accessaries, &c. My wife, with me, resalute you & yours. Unto him who
+  is y^e same to his in all places, and nere to them which are farr from
+  one an other, I comend you and all with you, resting,
+
+  Yours truly loving,
+  JOHN ROBINSON.
+
+  Leyden, Des: 19. 1623.
+
+_His to M^r. Brewster._
+
+  Loving and dear friend and brother: That which I most desired of God
+  in regard of you, namly, y^e continuance of your life and health, and
+  the safe coming of these sent unto you, that I most gladly hear of,
+  and praise God for the same. And I hope M^rs. Brewsters weake and
+  decayed state of body will have some reparing by the coming of her
+  daughters, and the provissions in this and former ships, I hear is
+  made for you; which maks us with more patience bear our languishing
+  state, and y^e deferring of our desired tr[=a]sportation; w^ch I call
+  desired, rather than hoped for, whatsoever you are borne in hand by
+  any others. For first, ther is no hope at all, that I know, or can
+  conceive of, of any new stock to be raised for that end; so that all
+  must depend [115] upon returns from you, in which are so many
+  uncertainties, as that nothing with any certaintie can thence be
+  concluded. Besids, howsoever for y^e presente the adventurers aledg
+  nothing but want of money, which is an invincible difculty, yet if
+  that be taken away by you, others without doubte will be found. For
+  the beter clearing of this, we must dispose y^e adventurers into 3.
+  parts; and of them some 5. or 6. (as I conceive) are absolutly bent
+  for us, above any others. Other 5. or 6. are our bitter professed
+  adversaries. The rest, being the body, I conceive to be honestly
+  minded, & loveingly also towards us; yet such as have others (namly
+  y^e forward preachers) nerer unto them, then us, and whose course so
+  farr as ther is any differance, they would rather advance then ours.
+  Now what a hanck these men have over y^e professors, you know. And I
+  perswade my selfe, that for me, they of all others are unwilling I
+  should be transported, espetially such of them as have an eye that way
+  them selves; as thinking if I come ther, ther market will be mard in
+  many regards. And for these adversaries, if they have but halfe y^e
+  witte to their malice, they will stope my course when they see it
+  intended, for which this delaying serveth them very opportunly. And as
+  one restie jade can hinder, by hanging back, more then two or 3. can
+  (or will at least, if they be not very free) draw forward, so will it
+  be in this case. A notable[BP] experimente of this, they gave in your
+  messengers presence, constraining y^e company to promise that none of
+  the money now gathered should be expended or imployed to y^e help of
+  any of us towards you. Now touching y^e question propounded by you, I
+  judg it not lawfull for you, being a ruling Elder, as Rom. 12. 7. 8. &
+  1. Tim. 5. 17. opposed to the Elders that teach & exhorte and labore
+  in y^e word and doctrine, to which y^e sacrements are a[=n]exed, to
+  administer them, nor convenient if it were lawfull. Whether any larned
+  man will come unto you or not, I know not; if any doe, you must
+  _Consili[=u] capere in arena_. Be you most hartily saluted, & you^r
+  wife with you, both from me & mine. Your God & ours, and y^e God of
+  all his, bring us together if it be his will, and keep us in the mean
+  while, and allways to his glory, and make us servisable to his
+  majestic, and faithfull to the end. Amen.
+
+  Your very loving brother,
+  JOHN ROBINSON.
+
+  Leyden, Des: 20. 1623.
+
+These things premised, I shall now prosecute y^e procedings and afairs
+here. And before I come to other things I must speak a word of their
+planting this year; they having found y^e benifite of their last years
+harvest, and setting corne for their particuler, having therby with a
+great deale of patience overcome hunger & famine. Which maks me remember
+a saing of Senecas, _Epis: 123_. _That a great parte of libertie is a
+well governed belly, and to be patiente in all wants._ They begane now
+highly to prise corne as more pretious then silver, and those that had
+some to spare begane to trade one with another for smale things, by y^e
+quarte, potle, & peck, &c.; for money they had none, and if any had,
+corne was prefered before it. That they might therfore encrease their
+tillage to better advantage, they made suite [116] to the Gov^r to have
+some portion of land given them for continuance, and not by yearly
+lotte, for by that means, that which y^e more industrious had brought
+into good culture (by much pains) one year, came to leave it y^e nexte,
+and often another might injoye it; so as the dressing of their lands
+were the more sleighted over, & to lese profite. Which being well
+considered, their request was granted. And to every person was given
+only one acrre of land, to them & theirs, as nere y^e towne as might be,
+and they had no more till y^e 7. years were expired. The reason was,
+that they might be kept close together both for more saftie and defence,
+and y^e better improvement of y^e generall imployments. Which condition
+of theirs did make me often thinke, of what I had read in Plinie[BQ] of
+y^e Romans first beginings in Romulus time. _How every man contented him
+selfe with 2. Acres of land, and had no more assigned them. And chap. 3.
+It was thought a great reward, to receive at y^e hands of y^e people of
+Rome a pinte of corne. And long after, the greatest presente given to a
+Captaine y^t had gotte a victory over their enemise, was as much ground
+as they could till in one day. And he was not counted a good, but a
+dangerous man, that would not contente him selfe with 7. Acres of land.
+As also how they did pound their corne in morters_, as these people were
+forcte to doe many years before they could get a mille.
+
+The ship which brought this supply, was speedily discharged, and with
+her m^r & company sente to Cap-Anne (of which place they had gott a
+patente, as before is shewed) on fishing, and because the season was so
+farr spente some of y^e planters were sent to help to build their stage,
+to their owne hinderance. But partly by y^e latenes of y^e year, and
+more espetialy by y^e basnes of y^e m^r, one Baker, they made a poore
+viage of it. He proved a very drunken beast, and did nothing (in a
+maner) but drink, & gusle, and consume away y^e time & his victails; and
+most of his company followed his example; and though M^r. William Peirce
+was to over see the busines, & to be m^r. of y^e ship home, yet he could
+doe no good amongst them, so as y^e loss was great, and would have bene
+more to them, but that they kept one a trading ther, which in those
+times got some store of skins, which was some help unto them.
+
+The ship-carpenter that was sent them, was an honest and very
+industrious man, and followed his labour very dilligently, and made all
+that were imployed with him doe y^e like; he quickly builte them 2.
+very good & strong shalops (which after did them greate service), and a
+great and strong lighter, and had hewne timber for 2. catches; but that
+was lost, for he fell into a feaver in y^e hote season of the year, and
+though he had the best means y^e place could aforde, yet he dyed; of
+whom they had a very [117] great loss, and were very sorie for his
+death. But he whom they sent to make salte was an ignorante, foolish,
+self-willd fellow; he bore them in hand he could doe great matters in
+making salt-works, so he was sente to seeke out fitte ground for his
+purpose; and after some serch he tould y^e Gov^r that he had found a
+sufficente place, with a good botome to hold water, and otherwise very
+conveniente, which he doubted not but in a short time to bring to good
+perfection, and to yeeld them great profite; but he must have 8. or ten
+men to be constantly imployed. He was wisht to be sure that y^e ground
+was good, and other things answerable, and y^t he could bring it to
+perfection; otherwise he would bring upon them a great charge by
+imploying him selfe and so many men. But he was, after some triall, so
+confidente, as he caused them to send carpenters to rear a great frame
+for a large house, to receive y^e salte & such other uses. But in y^e
+end all proved vaine. Then he layed fault of y^e ground, in which he was
+deceived; but if he might have the lighter to cary clay, he was sure
+then he could doe it. Now though y^e Gov^r & some other foresaw that
+this would come to litle, yet they had so many malignant spirits amongst
+them, that would have laid it upon them, in their letters of complainte
+to the adventurers, as to be their falte y^t would not suffer him to goe
+on to bring his work to perfection; for as he by his bould confidence &
+large promises deceived them in England that sente him, so he had wound
+him selfe in to these mens high esteeme hear, so as they were faine to
+let him goe on till all men saw his vanity. For he could not doe any
+thing but boyle salt in pans, & yet would make them y^t were joynd with
+him beleeve ther was so grat a misterie in it as was not easie to be
+attained, and made them doe many unnecessary things to blind their eys,
+till they discerned his sutltie. The next yere he was sente to Cap-Anne,
+and y^e pans were set up ther wher the fishing was; but before so[=m]er
+was out, he bu[=r]te the house, and the fire was so vehemente as it
+spoyld the pans, at least some of them, and this was the end of that
+chargable bussines.
+
+The 3^d. eminente person (which y^e letters before mention) was y^e
+minister which they sent over, by name M^r. John Lyford, of whom & whose
+doing I must be more large, though I shall abridg things as much as I
+can. When this man first came a shore, he saluted them with that
+reverence & humilitie as is seldome to be seen, and indeed made them
+ashamed, he so bowed and cringed unto them, and would have kissed their
+hands if they would have [118] suffered him;[BR] yea, he wept & shed
+many tears, blessing God that had brought him to see their faces; and
+admiring y^e things they had done in their wants, &c. as if he had been
+made all of love, and y^e humblest person in the world. And all the
+while (if we may judg by his after cariags) he was but like him
+mentioned in Psa: 10. 10. That croucheth & boweth, that heaps of poore
+may fall by his might. Or like to that dissembling Ishmaell,[BS] who,
+when he had slaine Gedelia, went out weeping and mette them y^t were
+coming to offer incence in y^e house of y^e Lord; saing, Come to
+Gedelia, when he ment to slay them. They gave him y^e best entertainment
+y^ey could, (in all simplisitie,) and a larger alowans of food out of
+y^e store then any other had, and as the Gov^r had used in all waightie
+affairs to consulte with their Elder, M^r. Brewster, (togeither with his
+assistants,) so now he caled M^r. Liford also to counsell with them in
+their waightiest bussineses. Ater some short time he desired to joyne
+himselfe a member to y^e church hear, and was accordingly received. He
+made a large confession of his faith, and an acknowledgemente of his
+former disorderly walking, and his being intangled with many
+corruptions, which had been a burthen to his conscience, and blessed God
+for this opportunitie of freedom & libertie to injoye y^e ordinances of
+God in puritie among his people, with many more such like expressions.
+I must hear speake a word also of M^r. John Oldom, who was a copartner
+with him in his after courses. He had bene a cheefe sticler in y^e
+former faction among y^e perticulers, and an intelligencer to those in
+England. But now, since the coming of this ship and he saw the supply
+that came, he tooke occasion to open his minde to some of y^e cheefe
+amongst them heere, and confessed he had done them wrong both by word &
+deed, & writing into England; but he now saw the eminente hand of God to
+be with them, and his blesing upon them, which made his hart smite him,
+neither should those in England ever use him as an instrumente any
+longer against them in any thing; he also desired former things might be
+forgotten, and that they would looke upon him as one that desired to
+close with them in all things, with such like expressions. Now whether
+this was in hipocrisie, or out of some sudden pange of conviction (which
+I rather thinke), God only knows. Upon it they shew all readynes to
+imbrace his love, and carry towards him in all frendlynes, and called
+him to counsell with them in all cheefe affairs, as y^e other, without
+any distrust at all.
+
+Thus all things seemed to goe very comfortably and smothly on amongst
+them, at which they did much rejoyce; but this lasted not [119] long,
+for both Oldom and he grew very perverse, and shewed a spirite of great
+malignancie, drawing as many into faction as they could; were they
+never so vile or profane, they did nourish & back them in all their
+doings; so they would but cleave to them and speak against y^e church
+hear; so as ther was nothing but private meetings and whisperings
+amongst them; they feeding themselves & others with what they should
+bring to pass in England by the faction of their freinds their, which
+brought others as well as them selves into a fools paradise. Yet they
+could not cary so closly but much of both their doings & sayings were
+discovered, yet outwardly they still set a faire face of things.
+
+At lenght when y^e ship was ready to goe, it was observed Liford was
+long in writing, & sente many letters, and could not forbear to
+comunicate to his intimats such things as made them laugh in their
+sleeves, and thought he had done ther errand sufficiently. The Gov^r and
+some other of his freinds knowing how things stood in England, and what
+hurt these things might doe, tooke a shalop and wente out with the ship
+a league or 2. to sea, and caled for all Lifords & Oldums letters. Mr.
+William Peirce being m^r. of y^e ship, (and knew well their evill
+dealing both in England & here,) afforded him all y^e assistance he
+could. He found above 20. of Lyfords letters, many of them larg, and
+full of slanders, & false accusations, tending not only to their
+prejudice, but to their ruine & utter subversion. Most of the letters
+they let pas, only tooke copys of them, but some of y^e most materiall
+they sent true copyes of them, and kept y^e originalls, least he should
+deney them, and that they might produce his owne hand against him.
+Amongst his letters they found y^e coppyes of tow letters which he sent
+inclosed in a leter of his to M^r. John Pemberton, a minster, and a
+great opposite of theirs. These 2. letters of which he tooke the coppyes
+were one of them write by a gentle-man in England to M^r. Brewster here,
+the other by M^r. Winslow to M^r. Robinson, in Holand, at his coming
+away, as y^e ship lay at Gravsend. They lying sealed in y^e great cabin,
+(whilst M^r. Winslow was bussie aboute the affairs of y^e ship,) this
+slye marchante taks & opens them, taks these coppys, & seals them up
+againe; and not only sends the coppyes of them thus to his friend and
+their adversarie, but adds thertoo in y^e margente many scurrilous and
+flouting a[=n]otations. This ship went out _towards e[=v]ing_, and _in
+the night_ y^e Gov^r retu[=r]ed. They were somwaht blanke at it, but
+after some weeks, when they heard nothing, they then were as briske as
+ever, thinking nothing had been knowne, but all was gone currente, and
+that the Gov^r went but to dispatch his owne letters. The reason why the
+Gov^r & rest concealed these things the longer, was to let things ripen,
+that they [120] might y^e better discover their intents and see who were
+their adherents. And y^e rather because amongst y^e rest they found a
+letter of one of their confederats, in w^ch was writen that M^r. Oldame
+& M^r. Lyford intended a reformation in church and commone wealth; and,
+as soone as the ship was gone, they intended to joyne togeather, and
+have the sacrements, &c.
+
+For Oldame, few of his leters were found, (for he was so bad a scribe as
+his hand was scarce legible,) yet he was as deepe in y^e mischeefe as
+the other. And thinking they were now strong enough, they begane to pick
+quarells at every thing. Oldame being called to watch (according to
+order) refused to come, fell out with y^e Capten, caled him raskell, and
+beggerly raskell, and resisted him, drew his knife at him; though he
+offered him no wrong, nor gave him no ille termes, but with all fairnes
+required him to doe his duty. The Gov^r, hearing y^e tumulte, sent to
+quiet it, but he ramped more like a furious beast then a man, and cald
+them all treatours, and rebells, and other such foule language as I am
+ashamed to remember; but after he was clapt up a while, he came to him
+selfe, and with some slight punishmente was let goe upon his behaviour
+for further censure.
+
+But to cutt things shorte, at length it grew to this esseue, that Lyford
+with his complicies, without ever speaking one word either to y^e Gov^r,
+Church, or Elder, withdrewe them selves & set up a publick meeting
+aparte, on y^e Lord's day; with sundry such insolente cariages, too long
+here to relate, begining now publikly to acte what privatly they had
+been long plotting.
+
+It was now thought high time (to prevent further mischeefe) to calle
+them to accounte; so y^e Gov^r called a courte and su[=m]oned the whol
+company to appeare. And then charged Lyford & Oldom with such things as
+they were guilty of. But they were stiffe, & stood resolutly upon y^e
+deneyall of most things, and required proofe. They first alledged what
+was write to them out of England, compared with their doings & pactises
+hear; that it was evident they joyned in plotting against them, and
+disturbing their peace, both in respecte of their civill & church state,
+which was most injurious; for both they and all y^e world knew they came
+hither to injoye y^e libertie of their conscience and y^e free use of
+Gods ordinances; and for y^t end had ventured their lives and passed
+throwgh so much hardshipe hithertoo, and they and their freinds had
+borne the charg of these beginings, which was not small. And that Lyford
+for his parte was sent over on this charge, and that both he and his
+great family was maintained on y^e same, and also was joyned to y^e
+church, & a member of them; and for him to plote against them & seek
+their ruine, was most unjust & perfidious. And for [121] Oldam or any
+other that came over at their owne charge, and were on ther perticuler,
+seeing they were received in curtesie by the plantation, when they came
+only to seeke shelter & protection under their wings, not being able to
+stand alone, that they, (according to y^e fable,) like the Hedghogg
+whom y^e conny in a stormy day in pittie received into her borrow, would
+not be content to take part with her, but in the end with her sharp
+pricks forst the poore conny to forsake her owne borrow; so these men
+with the like injustice indevored to doe y^e same to thos that
+entertained them.
+
+Lyford denyed that he had any thing to doe with them in England, or knew
+of their courses, and made other things as strange that he was charged
+with. Then his letters were prodused & some of them read, at which he
+was struck mute. But Oldam begane to rage furiously, because they had
+intercepted and opened his letters, threatening them in very high
+language, and in a most audacious and mutinous maner stood up & caled
+upon y^e people, saying, My maisters, wher is your harts? now shew your
+courage, you have oft complained to me so & so; now is y^e time, if you
+will doe any thing, I will stand by you, &c. Thinking y^t every one
+(knowing his humor) that had soothed and flattered him, or other wise in
+their discontente uttered any thing unto him, would now side w^th him in
+open rebellion. But he was deceived, for not a man opened his mouth, but
+all were silent, being strucken with the injustice of y^e thing. Then
+y^e Gov^r turned his speech to M^r. Lyford, and asked him if he thought
+they had done evill to open his letters; but he was silente, & would not
+say a word, well knowing what they might reply. Then y^e Gov^r shewed
+the people he did it as a magistrate, and was bound to it by his place,
+to prevent y^e mischeefe & ruine that this conspiracie and plots of
+theirs would bring on this poor colony. But he, besids his evill dealing
+hear, had delte trecherusly with his freinds y^t trusted him, & stole
+their letters & opened them, and sent coppies of them, with disgracefull
+a[=n]otations, to his freinds in England. And then y^e Gov^r produced
+them and his other letters under his owne hand, (which he could not
+deney,) and caused them to be read before all y^e people; at which all
+his freinds were blanke, and had not a word to say.
+
+It would be too long & tedious here to inserte his letters (which would
+almost fill a volume), though I have them by me. I shall only note a few
+of y^e cheefe things collected out of them, with y^e answers to them as
+they were then given; and but a few of those many, only for instance, by
+which the rest may be judged of.
+
+[121[BT]] 1. First, he saith, the church would have none to live hear
+but them selves. 2^ly. Neither are any willing so to doe if they had
+company to live elswher.
+
+Ans: Their answer was, that this was false, in both y^e parts of it; for
+they were willing & desirous y^t any honest men may live with them, that
+will cary them selves peacably, and seek y^e co[=m]one good, or at least
+doe them no hurte. And againe, ther are many that will not live els
+wher so long as they may live with them.
+
+2. That if ther come over any honest men that are not of y^e seperation,
+they will quickly distast them, &c.
+
+A. Ther answer was as before, that it was a false callumniation, for
+they had many amongst them that they liked well of, and were glad of
+their company; and should be of any such like that should come amongst
+them.
+
+3. That they excepted against him for these 2. doctrins raised from 2.
+Sam: 12. 7. First, that ministers must sume times perticulerly apply
+their doctrine to spetiall persons; 2^ly, that great men may be reproved
+as well as meaner.
+
+A. Their answer was, that both these were without either truth or colour
+of y^e same (as was proved to his face), and that they had taught and
+beleeved these things long before they knew M^r. Liford.
+
+4. That they utterly sought y^e ruine of y^e perticulers; as appeareth
+by this, that they would not suffer any of y^e generall either to buy or
+sell with them, or to exchaing one co[=m]oditie for another.
+
+Ans: This was a most malicious slander and voyd of all truth, as was
+evidently proved to him before all men; for any of them did both buy,
+sell, or exchaing with them as often as they had any occation. Yea, and
+allso both lend & give to them when they wanted; and this the perticuler
+persons them selves could not deney, but freely confest in open court.
+But y^e ground from whence this arose made it much worse, for he was in
+counsell with them. When one was called before them, and questioned for
+receiving powder and bisket from y^e gu[=n]er of the small ship, which
+was y^e companys, and had it put in at his window in the night, and
+allso for buying salt of one, that had no right to it, he not only stood
+to back him (being one of these perticulers) by excusing & extenuating
+his falte, as long as he could, but upon this builds this mische[=c]ous
+& most false slander: That because they would not suffer them to buy
+stolne goods, ergo, they sought their utter ruine. Bad logick for a
+devine.
+
+5. Next he writs, that he chocked them with this; that they turned [122]
+men into their perticuler, and then sought to starve them, and deprive
+them of all means of subsistance.
+
+A. To this was answered, he did them manifest wrong, for they turned
+none into their perticuler; it was their owne importunitie and ernest
+desire that moved them, yea, constrained them to doe it. And they
+apealed to y^e persons them selves for y^e truth hereof. And they
+testified the same against him before all present, as allso that they
+had no cause to complaine of any either hard or unkind usage.
+
+6. He accuseth them with unjust distribution, and writeth, that it was a
+strang difference, that some have bene alowed 16^li. of meale by y^e
+weeke, and others but 4^li. And then (floutingly) saith, it seems some
+mens mouths and bellies are very litle & slender over others.
+
+Ans: This might seeme strange indeed to those to whom he write his
+leters in England, which knew not y^e reason of it; but to him and
+others hear, it could not be strange, who knew how things stood. For the
+first co[=m]ers had none at all, but lived on their corne. Those w^ch
+_came in y^e Anne, y^e August before_, & were to live 13. months of the
+provissions they brought, had as good alowance in meal & pease as it
+would extend too, y^e most part of y^e year; but a litle before harvest,
+when they had not only fish, but other fruits began to come in, they had
+but 4^li. having their libertie to make their owne provisions. But some
+of these which came last, as y^e ship carpenter, and samiers, the
+salte-men & others that were to follow constante imployments, and had
+not an howers time, from their hard labours, to looke for any thing
+above their alowance; they had at first, 16^li. alowed them, and
+afterwards as fish, & other food coued be gott, they had as balemente,
+to 14. &. 12. yea some of them to 8. as the times & occasions did vary.
+And yet those which followed planting and their owne occasions, and had
+but 4^li. of meall a week, lived better then y^e other, as was well
+knowne to all. And yet it must be remembered that Lyford & his had
+allwais the highest alowance.
+
+Many other things (in his letters) he accused them of, with many
+aggravations; as that he saw exseeding great wast of tools & vesseles; &
+this, when it came to be examened, all y^e instance he could give was,
+that he had seen an old hogshed or too fallen to peeces, and a broken
+how or tow lefte carlesly in y^e feilds by some. Though he also knew
+that a godly, honest man was appointed to looke to these things. But
+these things & such like was write of by him, to cast disgrace &
+prejudice upon them; as thinking what came from a [123] minister would
+pass for currente. Then he tells them that Winslow should say, that ther
+was not above 7. of y^e adventurers y^t souight y^e good of y^e collony.
+That M^r. Oldam & him selfe had had much to doe with them, and that y^e
+faction here might match y^e Jesuits for politie. With many y^e like
+greevious complaints & accusations.
+
+1. Then, in the next place, he comes to give his freinds counsell and
+directtion. And first, that y^e Leyden company (M^r. Robinson & y^e
+rest) must still be kepte back, or els all will be spoyled. And least
+any of them should be taken in privatly somewher on y^e coast of
+England, (as it was feared might be done,) they must chaing the m^r. of
+y^e ship (M^r. William Peirce), and put another allso in Winslows stead,
+for marchante, or els it would not be prevented.
+
+2. Then he would have such a number provided as might oversway them
+hear. And that y^e perticulers should have voyces in all courts &
+elections, and be free to bear any office. And that every perticuler
+should come over as an adventurer, if he be but a servante; some other
+venturing 10^li., y^e bill may be taken out in y^e servants name, and
+then assigned to y^e party whose money it was, and good covenants drawn
+betweene them for y^e clearing of y^e matter; and this (saith he) would
+be a means to strengthen this side y^e more.
+
+3. Then he tells them that if that Capten they spoake of should come
+over hither as a generall, he was perswaded he would be chosen Capten;
+for this Captaine Standish looks like a silly boy, and is in utter
+contempte.
+
+4. Then he shows that if by y^e forementioned means they cannot be
+strengthened to cary & overbear things, it will be best for them to
+plant els wher by them selves; and would have it artickled by them that
+they might make choyse of any place that they liked best within 3. or 4.
+myls distance, shewing ther were farr better places for plantation then
+this.
+
+5. And lastly he concluds, that if some number came not over to bear
+them up here, then ther would be no abiding for them, but by joyning
+with these hear. Then he adds: Since I begane to write, ther are letters
+come from your company, wherin they would give sole authoritie in
+diverce things unto the Gov^r here; which, if it take place, then, _Ve
+nobis_. But I hope you will be more vigilante hereafter, that nothing
+may pass in such a ma[=n]er. I suppose (saith he) M^r. Oldame will write
+to you further of these things. I pray you conceall me in the discovery
+of these things, &c.
+
+Thus I have breefly touched some cheefe things in his leters, and shall
+now returne to their procceeding with him. After the reading of his
+leters before the whole company, he was demanded what he could say to
+these things. [124] But all y^e answer he made was, that Billington and
+some others had informed him of many things, and made sundrie
+complaints, which they now deneyed. He was againe asked if that was a
+sufficiente ground for him thus to accuse & traduse them by his letters,
+and never say word to them, considering the many bonds betweene them.
+And so they went on from poynte to poynte; and wisht him, or any of his
+freinds & confederats, not to spare them in any thing; if he or they had
+any proofe or witnes of any corrupte or evill dealing of theirs, his or
+their evidence must needs be ther presente, for ther was the whole
+company and sundery strangers. He said he had been abused by others in
+their informations, (as he now well saw,) and so had abused them. And
+this was all the answer they could have, for none would take his parte
+in any thing; but Billington, & any whom he named, deneyed the things,
+and protested he wronged them, and would have drawne them to such &
+such things which they could not consente too, though they were
+sometimes drawne to his meetings. Then they delte with him aboute his
+dissembling with them aboute y^e church, and that he professed to concur
+with them in all things, and what a large confession he made at his
+admittance, and that he held not him selfe a minister till he had a new
+calling, &c. And yet now he contested against them, and drew a company
+aparte, & sequestred him selfe; and would goe minister the sacrements
+(by his Episcopall caling) without ever speaking a word unto them,
+either as magistrats or bretheren. In conclusion, he was fully
+convicted, and burst out into tears, and "confest he feared he was a
+reprobate, his sinns were so great that he doubted God would not pardon
+them, he was unsavorie salte, &c.; and that he had so wronged them as he
+could never make them amends, confessing all he had write against them
+was false & nought, both for matter & ma[=n]er." And all this he did
+with as much fullnes as words & tears could express.
+
+After their triall & conviction, the court censured them to be expeld
+the place; Oldame presently, though his wife & family had liberty to
+stay all winter, or longer, till he could make provission to remove them
+comfortably. Lyford had liberty to stay 6. months. It was, indeede, with
+some eye to his release, if he caried him selfe well in the meane time,
+and that his repentance proved sound. Lyford acknowledged his censure
+was farr less then he deserved.
+
+Afterwards, he confest his sin publikly in y^e church, with tears more
+largly then before. I shall here put it downe as I find it recorded by
+some who tooke it from his owne words, as him selfe utered them.
+Acknowledging [125] "That he had don very evill, and slanderously abused
+them; and thinking most of y^e people would take parte with him, he
+thought to cary all by violence and strong hand against them. And that
+God might justly lay i[=n]ocente blood to his charge, for he knew not
+what hurt might have come of these his writings, and blest God they were
+stayed. And that he spared not to take knowledg from any, of any evill
+that was spoaken, but shut his eyes & ears against all the good; and if
+God should make him a vacabund in y^e earth, as was Caine, it was but
+just, for he had sined in envie & malice against his brethren as he did.
+And he confessed 3. things to be y^e ground & causes of these his
+doings: pride, vaine-glorie, & selfe love." Amplifying these heads with
+many other sade expressions, in the perticulers of them.
+
+So as they begane againe to conceive good thoughts of him upon this his
+repentance, and admited him to teach amongst them as before; and Samuell
+Fuller (a deacon amongst them), and some other tender harted men
+amongst them, were so taken with his signes of sorrow & repentance, as
+they professed they would fall upon their knees to have his censure
+released.
+
+But that which made them all stand amased in the end, and may doe all
+others that shall come to hear y^e same, (for a rarer president can
+scarse be showne,) was, that after a month or 2. notwithstand all his
+former conffessions, convictions, and publick acknowledgments, both in
+y^e face of y^e church and whole company, with so many tears & sadde
+censures of him selfe before God & men, he should goe againe to justifie
+what he had done.
+
+For secretly he write a 2^d. leter to y^e adventurers in England, in
+w^ch he justified all his former writings, (save in some things which
+tended to their damage,) the which, because it is brefer then y^e
+former, I shall here inserte.
+
+  Worthy S^rs: Though the filth of mine owne doings may justly be cast
+  in my face, and with blushing cause my perpetuall silence, yet that
+  y^e truth may not herby be injuried, your selves any longer deluded,
+  nor injurious[BU] dealing caried out still, with bould out facings, I
+  have adventured once more to write unto you. Firest, I doe freely
+  confess I delte very indiscreetly in some of my perticuler leters w^ch
+  I wrote to private freinds, for y^e courses in coming hither & the
+  like; which I doe in no sorte seeke to justifie, though stired up ther
+  unto in the beholding y^e indirecte courses held by others, both
+  hear, & ther with you, for effecting their designes. But am hartily
+  sory for it, and doe to y^e glory of God & mine owne shame acknowledg
+  it. Which leters being intercepted by the Gov^r, I have for y^e same
+  undergone y^e censure [126] of banishmente. And had it not been for
+  y^e respecte I have unto you, and some other matters of private
+  regard, I had returned againe at this time by y^e pinass for England;
+  for hear I purpose not to abide, unless I receive better incouragmente
+  from you, then from y^e church (as they call them selves) here I doe
+  receive. I purposed before I came, to undergoe hardnes, therfore I
+  shall I hope cherfully bear y^e conditions of y^e place, though very
+  mean; and they have chainged my wages ten times allready. I suppose my
+  letters, or at least y^e coppies of them, are come to your hands, for
+  so they hear reporte; which, if it be so, I pray you take notice of
+  this, that I have writen nothing but what is certainly true, and I
+  could make so apeare planly to any indifferente men, whatsoever
+  colours be cast to darken y^e truth, and some ther are very audatious
+  this way; besids many other matters which are farre out of order hear.
+  My mind was not to enlarge my selfe any further, but in respecte of
+  diverse poore souls here, y^e care of whom in parte belongs to you,
+  being here destitute of the me[=a]s of salvation. For how so ever y^e
+  church are provided for, to their contente, who are y^e smalest number
+  in y^e collony, and doe so appropriate y^e ministrie to them selves,
+  houlding this principle, that y^e Lord hath not appointed any ordinary
+  ministrie for y^e conversion of those y^t are without, so y^t some of
+  y^e poor souls have w^th tears complained of this to me, and I was
+  taxed for preaching to all in generall. Though in truth they have had
+  no ministrie here since they came, but such as may be performed by any
+  of you, by their owne possition, what soever great pretences they
+  make; but herin they equivocate, as in many other things they doe.
+  But I exceede y^e bounds I set my selfe, therfore resting thus,
+  untill I hear further from you, so it be within y^e time limited me. I
+  rest, &c.,
+
+  Remaining yours ever,
+  JOHN LYFORD, Exille.
+
+  Dated Aug: 22. An^o: 1624.
+
+
+They made a breefe answer to some things in this leter, but referred
+cheefly to their former. The effecte was to this purpose: That if God in
+his providence had not brought these things to their hands (both y^e
+former & later), they might have been thus abused, tradused, and
+calumniated, overthrowne, & undone; and never have knowne by whom, nor
+for what. They desired but this equall favoure, that they would be
+pleased to hear their just defence, as well as his accusations, and
+waigh them in y^e balance of justice & reason, and then censure as they
+pleased. They had write breefly to y^e heads of things before, and
+should be ready to give further [127] answer as any occasion should
+require; craving leave to adde a word or tow to this last.
+
+1. And first, they desire to examene what filth that was y^t he
+acknowledgeth might justly be throwne in his face, and might cause
+blushing & perpetuall silence; some great mater sure! But if it be
+looked into, it amounts to no more then a poynte of indiscretion, and
+thats all; and yet he licks of y^t too with this excuse, that he was
+stired up therunto by beholding y^e indirecte course here. But this
+point never troubled him here, it was counted a light matter both by him
+& his freinds, and put of with this,--that any man might doe so, to
+advise his private freinds to come over for their best advantage. All
+his sorrow & tears here was for y^e wrong & hurt he had done us, and not
+at all for this he pretends to be done to you: it was not counted so
+much as indiscretion.
+
+2. Having thus payed you full satisfaction, he thinks he may lay load of
+us here. And first complains that we have changed his wages ten times.
+We never agreed with him for any wages, nor made any bargen at all with
+him, neither know of any that you have made. You sent him over to teach
+amongst us, and desired he might be kindly used; and more then this we
+know not. That he hath beene kindly used, (and farr beter then he
+deserves from us,) he shall be judged first of his owne mouth. If you
+please to looke upon that writing of his, that was sent you amongst his
+leters, which he cals a generall relation, in which, though he doth
+otherwise traduse us, yet in this he him selfe clears us. In y^e latter
+end therof he hath these words. _I speak not this_ (saith he) _out of
+any ill affection to the men, for I have found them very kind & loving
+to me._ You may ther see these to be his owne words under his owne hand.
+2^ly. It will appere by this that he hath ever had a larger alowance of
+food out of y^e store for him and his then any, and clothing as his
+neede hath required; a dwelling in one of our best houses, and a man
+wholy at his owne co[=m]and to tend his private affairs. What cause he
+hath therfore to complaine, judge ye; and what he means in his speech we
+know not, except he aluds to y^t of Jaacob & Laban. If you have promised
+him more or other wise, you may doe it when you please.
+
+3. Then with an impudente face he would have you take notice, that (in
+his leters) he hath write nothing but what is certainly true, yea, and
+he could make it so appeare plainly to any indifferente men. This indeed
+doth astonish us and causeth us to tremble at y^e deceitfullnes [128]
+and desperate wickednes of mans harte. This is to devoure holy things,
+and after voues to enquire. It is admirable that after such publick
+confession, and acknowledgmente in court, in church, before God, & men,
+with such sadd expressions as he used, and with such melting into
+teares, that after all this he shoud now justifie all againe. If things
+had bene done in a corner, it had been some thinge to deney them; but
+being done in y^e open view of y^e cuntrie & before all men, it is more
+then strange now to avow to make them plainly appear to any indifferente
+men; and here wher things were done, and all y^e evidence that could be
+were presente, and yet could make nothing appear, but even his freinds
+condemnd him & gave their voyce to his censure, so grose were they; we
+leave your selves to judge herein. Yet least this man should triumph in
+his wikednes, we shall be ready to answer him, when, or wher you will,
+to any thing he shall lay to our charg, though we have done it
+sufficiently allready.
+
+4. Then he saith he would not inlarge, but for some poore souls here who
+are destiute of y^e means of salvation, &c. But all his soothing is but
+that you would use means, that his censure might be released that he
+might here continue; and under you (at least) be sheltered, till he sees
+what his freinds (on whom he depends) can bring about & effecte. For
+such men pretend much for poor souls, but they will looke to their wages
+& conditions; if that be not to their content, let poor souls doe what
+they will, they will shift for them selves, and seek poore souls some
+wher els among richer bodys.
+
+Next he fals upon y^e church, that indeed is y^e burthensome stone that
+troubls him. First, he saith they hold this principle, that the Lord
+hath not apointed any ordinarie ministrie for y^e converssion of those
+without. The church needs not be ashamed of what she houlds in this,
+haveing Gods word for her warrente; that ordinarie officers are bound
+cheefly to their flocks, Acts 20. 28. and are not to be extravagants, to
+goe, come, and leave them at their pleasurs to shift for them selves, or
+to be devoured of wolves. But he perverts y^e truth in this as in other
+things, for y^e Lord hath as well appoynted them to converte, as to
+feede in their severall charges; and he wrongs y^e church to say other
+wise. Againe, he saith he was taxed for preaching to all in generall.
+This is a meere untruth, for this dissembler knows that every Lords day
+some are appointed to visite suspected places, & if any be found idling
+and neglecte y^e hearing of y^e word, (through idlnes or profanes,) they
+are punished for y^e same. Now to procure all to come to hear, and then
+to blame him for preaching to all, were to play y^e mad men.
+
+[129] 6. Next (he saith) they have had no ministrie since they came,
+what soever pretences they make, &c. We answer, the more is our wrong,
+that our pastor is kept from us by these mens means, and then reproach
+us for it when they have done. Yet have we not been wholy distitute of
+y^e means of salvation, as this man would make y^e world beleeve; for
+our reve^d Elder hath laboured diligently in dispencing the word of God
+unto us, before he came; and since hath taken equalle pains with him
+selfe in preaching the same; and, be it spoaken without ostentation, he
+is not inferriour to M^r. Lyford (& some of his betters) either in gifts
+or larning, though he would never be perswaded to take higher office
+upon him. Nor ever was more pretended in this matter. For equivocating,
+he may take it to him selfe; what y^e church houlds, they have
+manifested to y^e world, in all plaines, both in open confession,
+doctrine, & writing.
+
+This was y^e sume of ther answer, and hear I will let them rest for y^e
+presente. I have bene longer in these things then I desired, and yet not
+so long as the things might require, for I pass many things in silence,
+and many more deserve to have been more largly handled. But I will
+returne to other things, and leave y^e rest to its place.
+
+The pinass that was left sunck & cast away near Damarins-cove, as is
+before showed, some of y^e fishing maisters said it was a pity so fine a
+vessell should be lost, and sent them word that, if they would be at y^e
+cost, they would both directe them how to waygh her, and let them have
+their carpenters to mend her. They thanked them, & sente men aboute it,
+and beaver to defray y^e charge, (without which all had been in vaine).
+So they gott coopers to trime, I know not how many tune of cask, and
+being made tight and fastened to her at low-water, they boyed her up;
+and then with many hands hald her on shore in a conveniente place wher
+she might be wrought upon; and then hired sundrie carpenters to work
+upon her, and other to saw planks, and at last fitted her & got her
+home. But she cost a great deale of money, in thus recovering her, and
+buying riging & seails for her, both now and when before she lost her
+mast; so as she proved a chargable vessell to y^e poor plantation. So
+they sent her home, and with her Lyford sent his last letter, in great
+secrecie; but y^e party intrusted with it gave it y^e Gov^r.
+
+The winter was passed over in ther ordinarie affairs, without any
+spetiall mater worth noteing; saveing that many who before stood
+something of from y^e church, now seeing Lyfords unrighteous dealing,
+and malignitie against y^e church, now tendered them selves to y^e
+church, and were joyned to y^e same; proffessing that it was not out of
+y^e dislike of any thing that they had stood of so long, but a desire to
+fitte them selves beter for such a state, and they saw now y^e Lord cald
+for their help. [130] And so these troubls prodused a quite contrary
+effecte in sundrie hear, then these adversaries hoped for. Which was
+looked at as a great worke of God, to draw on men by unlickly means; and
+that in reason which might rather have set them further of. And thus I
+shall end this year.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1625._
+
+At y^e spring of y^e year, about y^e time of their Election Court, Oldam
+came againe amongst them; and though it was a part of his censure for
+his former mutinye and miscariage, not to returne without leave first
+obtained, yet in his dareing spirite, he presumed without any leave at
+all, being also set on & hardened by y^e ill counsell of others. And not
+only so, but suffered his unruly passion to rune beyond y^e limits of
+all reason and modestie; in so much that some strangers which came with
+him were ashamed of his outrage, and rebuked him; but all reprofes were
+but as oyle to y^e fire, and made y^e flame of his coller greater. He
+caled them all to nought, in this his mad furie, and a hundred rebells
+and traytors, and I know not what. But in conclusion they co[=m]ited him
+till he was tamer, and then apointed a gard of musketers w^ch he was to
+pass throw, and ever one was ordered to give him a thump on y^e brich,
+with y^e but end of his musket, and then was conveied to y^e water side,
+wher a boat was ready to cary him away. Then they bid him goe & mende
+his maners.
+
+Whilst this was a doing, M^r. William Peirce and M^r. Winslow came up
+from y^e water side, being come from England; but they were so busie
+with Oldam, as they never saw them till they came thus upon them. They
+bid them not spare either him or Liford, for they had played y^e vilans
+with them. But that I may hear make an end with him, I shall hear once
+for all relate what befell concerning him in y^e future, & y^t breefly.
+After y^e removall of his familie from hence, he fell into some straits,
+(as some others did,) and aboute a year or more afterwards, towards
+winter, he intended a vioage for Virginia; but it so pleased God that
+y^e barke that caried him, and many other passengers, was in that
+danger, as they dispaired of life; so as many of them, as they fell to
+prayer, so also did they begine to examine their consciences [131] and
+confess such sins as did most burthen them. And M^r. Ouldame did make a
+free and large confession of y^e wrongs and hurt he had done to y^e
+people and church here, in many perticulers, that as he had sought their
+ruine, so God had now mette with him and might destroy him; yea, he
+feared they all fared y^e worce for his sake; he prayed God to forgive
+him, and made vowes that, if y^e Lord spard his life, he would become
+otherwise, and y^e like. This I had from some of good credite, yet
+living in y^e Bay, and were them selves partners in the same dangers on
+y^e shoulds of Cap-Codd, and heard it from his owne mouth. It pleased
+God to spare their lives, though they lost their viage; and in time
+after wards, Ouldam caried him selfe fairly towards them, and
+acknowledged y^e hand of God to be with them, and seemed to have an
+honourable respecte of them; and so farr made his peace with them, as he
+in after time had libertie to goe and come, and converse with them, at
+his pleasure. He went after this to Virginia, and had ther a great
+sicknes, but recovered and came back againe to his familie in y^e Bay,
+and ther lived till some store of people came over. At lenght going a
+trading in a smale vessell among y^e Indians, and being weakly mand,
+upon some quarell they knockt him on y^e head with a hatched, so as he
+fell downe dead, & never spake word more. 2. litle boys that were his
+kinsmen were saved, but had some hurte, and y^e vessell was strangly
+recovered from y^e Indeans by another that belonged to y^e Bay of
+Massachusets; and this his death was one ground of the Pequente warr
+which followed.
+
+I am now come to M^r. Lyford. His time being now expired, his censure
+was to take place. He was so farre from answering their hopes by
+amendmente in y^e time, as he had dubled his evill, as is before noted.
+But first behold y^e hand of God concei[=r]ing him, wherin that of y^e
+Psalmist is verified. Psa: 7. 15. He hath made a pitte, & digged it, and
+is fallen into the pitte he made. He thought to bring shame and disgrace
+upon them, but in stead therof opens his owne to all y^e world. For when
+he was delte with all aboute his second letter, his wife was so affected
+with his doings, as she could no longer conceaill her greefe and sorrow
+of minde, but opens y^e same to one of their deacons & some other of her
+freinds, & after uttered y^e same to M^r. Peirce upon his arrivall.
+Which was to this purpose, that she feared some great judgment of God
+would fall upon them, and upon her, for her husbands cause; now that
+they were to remove, she feared to fall into y^e Indeans hands, and to
+be defiled by them, as he had defiled other women; or some shuch like
+[132] judgmente, as God had threatened David, 2. Sam. 12. 11. I will
+raise up evill against y^e, and will take thy wives & give them, &c. And
+upon it showed how he had wronged her, as first he had a bastard by
+another before they were maried, & she having some inkling of some ill
+cariage that way, when he was a suitor to her, she tould him what she
+heard, & deneyd him; but she not certainly knowing y^e thing, other wise
+then by some darke & secrete muterings, he not only stifly denied it,
+but to satisfie her tooke a solemne oath ther was no shuch matter. Upon
+which she gave consente, and maried with him; but afterwards it was
+found true, and y^e bastard brought home to them. She then charged him
+with his oath, but he prayed pardon, and said he should els not have had
+her. And yet afterwards she could keep no maids but he would be medling
+with them, and some time she hath taken him in y^e maner, as they lay at
+their beds feete, with shuch other circumstances as I am ashamed to
+relate. The woman being a grave matron, & of good cariage all y^e while
+she was hear, and spoake these things out of y^e sorrow of her harte,
+sparingly, and yet w^th some further intimations. And that which did
+most seeme to affecte her (as they conceived) was, to see his former
+cariage in his repentance, not only hear with y^e church, but formerly
+about these things; sheding tears, and using great & sade expressions,
+and yet eftsone fall into the like things.
+
+Another thing of y^e same nature did strangly concurr herewith. When
+M^r. Winslow & M^r. Peirce were come over, M^r. Winslow informed them
+that they had had y^e like bickering with Lyfords freinds in England, as
+they had with him selfe and his freinds hear, aboute his letters &
+accusations in them. And many meetings and much clamour was made by his
+freinds theraboute, crying out, a minister, a man so godly, to be so
+esteemed & taxed they held a great skandale, and threated to prosecute
+law against them for it. But things being referred to a further meeting
+of most of y^e adventurers, to heare y^e case and decide y^e matters,
+they agreed to chose 2. eminente men for moderators in the bussines.
+Lyfords faction chose M^r. White, a counselor at law, the other parte
+chose Re[~v]e^d. M^r. Hooker, the minister, and many freinds on both
+sids were brought in, so as ther was a great assemblie. In y^e mean
+time, God in his providence had detected Lyford's evill cariage in
+Ireland to some freinds amongst y^e company, who made it knowne to M^r.
+Winslow, and directed him to 2. godly and grave witnesses, who would
+testifie y^e same (if caled therunto) upon their oath. The thing was
+this; he being gott into Ireland, had wound him selfe into y^e esteeme
+of sundry godly & zelous professours in those parts, who, having been
+burthened with y^e ceremonies in England, found ther some more liberty
+to their consciences; amongst whom were these 2. men, which gave [133]
+this evidence. Amongst y^e rest of his hearers, ther was a godly yonge
+man that intended to marie, and cast his affection on a maide which
+lived their aboute; but desiring to chose in y^e Lord, and preferred y^e
+fear of God before all other things, before he suffered his affection to
+rune too farr, he resolved to take M^r. Lyfords advise and judgmente of
+this maide, (being y^e minister of y^e place,) and so broak y^e matter
+unto him; & he promised faithfully to informe him, but would first take
+better knowledg of her, and have private conferance with her; and so had
+sundry times; and in conclusion co[=m]ended her highly to y^e yong man
+as a very fitte wife for him. So they were maried togeather; but some
+time after mariage the woman was much troubled in mind, and afflicted in
+conscience, and did nothing but weepe and mourne, and long it was before
+her husband could get of her what was y^e cause. But at length she
+discovered y^e thing, and prayed him to forgive her, for Lyford had
+overcome her, and defiled her body before marriage, after he had
+comended him unto her for a husband, and she resolved to have him, when
+he came to her in that private way. The circumstances I forbear, for
+they would offend chast ears to hear them related, (for though he
+satisfied his lust on her, yet he indeaoured to hinder conception.)
+These things being thus discovered, y^e wom[=a]s husband tooke some
+godly freinds with him, to deale with Liford for this evill. At length
+he confest it, with a great deale of seeming sorrow & repentance, but
+was forct to leave Irland upon it, partly for shame, and partly for fear
+of further punishmente, for y^e godly withdrew them selves from him upon
+it; and so co[=m]ing into England unhapily he was light upon & sente
+hither.
+
+But in this great assembly, and before y^e moderators, in handling y^e
+former matters aboute y^e letters, upon provocation, in some heate of
+replie to some of Lyfords defenders, M^r. Winslow let fall these words,
+That he had delte knavishly; upon which on of his freinds tooke hold, &
+caled for witneses, that he cald a minister of y^e gospell knave, and
+would prosecute law upon it, which made a great tumulte, upon which (to
+be shorte) this matter broke out, and the witnes were prodused, whose
+persons were so grave, and evidence so plaine, and y^e facte so foule,
+yet delivered in such modest & chast terms, and with such circumstances,
+as strucke all his freinds mute, and made them all ashamed; insomuch as
+y^e moderators with great gravitie declared that y^e former matters gave
+them cause enough to refuse him & to deal with him as they had done, but
+these made him unmeete for ever to bear ministrie any more, what
+repentance soever he should pretend; with much more to like effecte, and
+so wisht his freinds to rest quiete. Thus was this matter ended.
+
+From hence Lyford wente to Natasco, in y^e Bay of y^e Massachusets,
+with some other of his freinds with him, wher Oldom allso lived. From
+thence he removed to Namkeke, since called Salem; but after ther came
+some people over, wheather for hope of greater profite, or what ends els
+I know not, he left his freinds that followed him, and went from thence
+to Virginia, wher he shortly after dyed, and so I leave him to y^e Lord.
+His wife afterwards returned againe to this cuntry, and thus much of
+this matter.
+
+[134] This storme being thus blowne over, yet sundrie sad effects
+followed y^e same; for the Company of Adventurers broake in peeces here
+upon, and y^e greatest parte wholy deserted y^e colony in regarde of any
+further supply, or care of their subsistance. And not only so, but some
+of Lyfords & Oldoms freinds, and their adherents, set out a shipe on
+fishing, on their owne accounte, and getting y^e starte of y^e ships
+that came to the plantation, they tooke away their stage, & other
+necessary provisions that they had made for fishing at Cap-Anne y^e year
+before, at their great charge, and would not restore y^e same, excepte
+they would fight for it. But y^e Gov^r sent some of y^e planters to help
+y^e fisher men to build a new one, and so let them keepe it. This shipe
+also brought them some small supply, of little value; but they made so
+pore a bussines of their fishing, (neither could these men make them any
+returne for y^e supply sente,) so as, after this year, they never looked
+more after them.
+
+Also by this ship, they, some of them, sent (in y^e name of y^e rest)
+certaine reasons of their breaking of from y^e plantation, and some
+tenders, upon certaine conditions, of reuniting againe. The which
+because they are longe & tedious, and most of them aboute the former
+things already touched, I shall omite them; only giveing an instance in
+one, or tow. 1. reason, they charged them for dissembling with his
+majestie in their petition, and with y^e adventurers about y^e French
+discipline, &c. 2^ly, for receiving[BV] a man[BW] into their church,
+that in his conffession renownced all, universall, nationall, and
+diocessan churches, &c., by which (say they) it appears, that though
+they deney the name of Bro[=w]ists, yet they practiss y^e same, &c. And
+therfore they should si[=n]e against God in building up such a people.
+
+Then they adde: Our dislikes thus laid downe, that we may goe on in
+trade w^th better contente & credite, our desires are as followeth.
+First, that as we are partners in trade, so we may be in Go[~v]^rt ther,
+as the patente doth give us power, &c.
+
+2. That the French discipline may be practised in the plantation, as
+well in the circumstances theirof, as in y^e substance; wherby y^e
+scandallous name of y^e Brownists, and other church differences, may be
+taken away.
+
+3. Lastly, that M^r. Robinson and his company may not goe over to our
+plantation, unless he and they will reconcile themselves to our church
+by a recantation under their hands, &c.
+
+Their answer in part to these things was then as foloweth.
+
+  Wheras you taxe us for dissembling with his majestie & y^e adventurers
+  aboute y^e French discipline, you doe us wrong, for we both hold &
+  practice y^e discipline of y^e French & other reformed churches, (as
+  they have published y^e same in y^e Harmony of Confessions,) according
+  to our means, in effecte & substance. But wheras you would tye us to
+  the French discipline in every circumstance, you derogate from y^e
+  libertie we have in Christ Jesus. The Apostle Paule would have none to
+  follow him in any thing but wherin he follows Christ, much less ought
+  any Christian or church in y^e world to doe it. The French may erre,
+  we may erre, and other churches may erre, and doubtless doe in many
+  circumstances. That honour therfore belongs only to y^e infallible
+  word of God, and pure Testamente of Christ, to be propounded and
+  followed as y^e only rule and pattern for direction herin to all
+  churches & Christians. And it is too great arrogancie for any man, or
+  church [135] to thinke y^t he or they have so sounded y^e word of God
+  to y^e bottome, as precislie to sett downe y^e churches discipline,
+  without error in substance or circumstance, as y^t no other without
+  blame may digress or differ in any thing from y^e same. And it is not
+  difficulte to shew, y^t the reformed churches differ in many
+  circumstances amongest them selves.
+
+The rest I omitte, for brevities sake, and so leave to prosecute these
+men or their doings any further, but shall returne to y^e rest of their
+freinds of y^e company, w^ch stuck to them. And I shall first inserte
+some part of their letters as followeth; for I thinke it best to render
+their minds in ther owne words.
+
+  To our loving freinds, &c.
+
+  Though the thing we feared be come upon us, and y^e evill we strove
+  against have overtaken us, yet we cannot forgett you, nor our
+  freindship and fellowship which togeather we have had some years;
+  wherin though our expressions have been small, yet our harty
+  affections towards you (unknown by face) have been no less then to our
+  nearest freinds, yea, to our owne selves. And though this your friend
+  M^r. Winslow can tell you y^e state of things hear, yet least we
+  should seeme to neglecte you, to whom, by a wonderfull providence of
+  God, we are so nearly united, we have thought good once more to write
+  unto you, to let you know what is here befallen, and y^e resons of it;
+  as also our purposes & desirs toward you for hereafter.
+
+  The former course for the generalitie here is wholy dissolved from
+  what it was; and wheras you & we were formerly sharers and partners,
+  in all viages & deallings, this way is now no more, but you and we are
+  left to bethinke our sellves what course to take in y^e future, that
+  your lives & our monies be not lost.
+
+  The reasons and causes of this allteration have been these. First and
+  mainly, y^e many losses and crosses at sea, and abuses of sea-men,
+  w^ch have caused us to rune into so much charge, debts, & ingagements,
+  as our estats & means were not able to goe on without impoverishing
+  our selves, except our estats had been greater, and our associats
+  cloven beter unto us. 2^ly, as here hath been a faction and siding
+  amongst us now more then 2. years, so now there is an uter breach and
+  sequestration amongst us, and in too parts of us a full dissertion and
+  forsaking of you, without any intente or purpose of medling more with
+  you. And though we are perswaded the maine cause of this their doing
+  is wante of money, (for neede wherof men use to make many excuses,)
+  yet other things are pretended, as that you are Brownists, &c. Now
+  what use you or we ought to make of these things, it remaineth to be
+  considered, for we know y^e hand of God to be in all these things, and
+  no doubt he would admonish some thing therby, and to looke what is
+  amise. And allthough it be now too late for us or you to prevent &
+  stay these things, yet it is[BX] not to late to exercise patience,
+  wisdom, and conscience in bearing them, and in caring our selves in &
+  under them for y^e time to come.
+
+  [136] And as we our selves stand ready to imbrace all occasions that
+  may tend to y^e furthrance of so hopefull a work, rather admiring of
+  what is, then grudging for what is not; so it must rest in you to make
+  all good againe. And if in nothing else you can be approved, yet let
+  your honestie & conscience be still approved, & lose not one jote of
+  you^r innocencie, amids your crosses & afflictions. And surly if you
+  upon this allteration behave your selves wisly, and goe on fairly, as
+  men whose hope is not in this life, you shall need no other weapon to
+  wound your adversaries; for when your righteousnes is revealled as y^e
+  light, they shall cover their faces with shame, that causlesly have
+  sought your overthrow.
+
+  Now we thinke it but reason, that all such things as ther apertaine to
+  the generall, be kept & preserved togeather, and rather increased
+  dayly, then any way be dispersed or imbeseled away for any private
+  ends or intents whatsoever. And after your necessities are served, you
+  gather togeather such co[=m]odities as y^e cuntrie yeelds, & send them
+  over to pay debts & clear ingagements hear, which are not less then
+  1400^li. And we hope you will doe your best to free our ingagements,
+  &c. Let us all indeavor to keep a faire & honest course, and see what
+  time will bring forth, and how God in his providence will worke for
+  us. We still are perswaded you are y^e people that must make a
+  plantation in those remoate places when all others faile and returne.
+  And your experience of Gods providence and preservation of you is such
+  as we hope your harts will not faile you, though your freinds should
+  forsake you (which we our selves shall not doe whilst we live, so long
+  as your honestie so well appereth). Yet surly help would arise from
+  some other place whilst you waite on God, with uprightnes, though we
+  should leave you allso.
+
+  And lastly be you all intreated to walke circumspectly, and carry your
+  selves so uprightly in all your ways, as y^t no man may make just
+  exceptions against you. And more espetially that y^e favour and
+  countenance of God may be so toward you, as y^t you may find abundante
+  joye & peace even amids tribulations, that you may say with David,
+  Though my father & mother should forsake me, yet y^e Lord would take
+  me up.
+
+  We have sent you hear some catle, cloath, hose, shoes, leather, &c.,
+  but in another nature then formerly, as it stood us in hand to doe; we
+  have co[=m]itted them to y^e charge & custody of M^r. Allerton and
+  M^r. Winslow, as our factours, at whose discretion they are to be
+  sould, and co[=m]odities to be taken for them, as is fitting. And by
+  how much y^e more they will be chargable unto you, the better[BY] they
+  had need to be husbanded, &c. Goe on, good freinds, comfortably, pluck
+  up your spirits, and quitte your selves like men in all your
+  difficulties, that notwithstanding all displeasure and threats of men,
+  yet y^e work may goe on you are aboute, and not be neglected. Which is
+  so much for y^e glorie of God, and the furthrance of our countrie-men,
+  as that a man may with more comforte [137] spend his life in it, then
+  live y^e life of Mathusala, in wasting y^e plentie of a tilled land,
+  or eating y^e fruite of a growne tree. Thus with harty salutations to
+  you all, and harty prayers for you all, we lovingly take our leaves,
+  this 18. of Des: 1624.
+
+  Your assured freinds to our powers,
+  J. S.
+  W. C.
+  T. F.
+  R. H. &c.
+
+By this leter it appears in what state y^e affairs of y^e plantation
+stood at this time. These goods they bought, but they were at deare
+rates, for they put 40. in y^e hundred upon them, for profite and
+adventure, outward bound; and because of y^e [=v]nture of y^e paiment
+homeward, they would have 30.[BZ] in y^e 100. more, which was in all 70.
+[p=]^r. cent; a thing thought unreasonable by some, and too great an
+oppression upon y^e poore people, as their case stood. The catle were
+y^e best goods, for y^e other being ventured ware, were neither at y^e
+best (some of them) nor at y^e best prises. Sundrie of their freinds
+disliked these high rates, but co[=m]ing from many hands, they could not
+help it.
+
+They sent over also 2. ships on fishing on their owne acounte; the one
+was y^e pinass that was cast away y^e last year hear in y^e cuntrie, and
+recovered by y^e planters, (as was before related,) who, after she came
+home, was attached by one of y^e company for his perticuler debte, and
+now sent againe on this accounte. The other was a great ship, who was
+well fitted with an experienced m^r. & company of fisher-men, to make a
+viage, & to goe to Bilbo or Sabastians with her fish; the lesser, her
+order was to load with cor-fish, and to bring the beaver home for
+England, y^t should be received for y^e goods sould to y^e plantation.
+This bigger ship made a great viage of good drie fish, the which, if
+they had gone to a market w^th, would have yeelded them (as such fish
+was sould y^t season) 1800^li. which would have enriched them. But
+because ther was a bruite of warr with France, y^e m^r. neglected
+(through timerousnes) his order, and put first into Plimoth, & after
+into Portsmouth, and so lost their opportunitie, and came by the loss.
+The lesser ship had as ill success, though she was as hopfull as y^e
+other for y^e marchants profite; for they had fild her with goodly
+cor-fish taken upon y^e banke, as full as she could swime; and besids
+she had some 800^li. weaight of beaver, besids other furrs to a good
+value from y^e plantation. The m^r. seeing so much goods come, put it
+abord y^e biger ship, for more saftie; but M^r. Winslow (their factor in
+this busines) was bound in a bond of 500^li. to send it to London in y^e
+smale ship; ther was some contending between y^e m^r, & him aboute it.
+But he tould y^e m^r. he would follow his order aboute it; if he would
+take it out afterward, it should be at his perill. So it went in y^e
+smale ship, and he sent bills of lading in both. The m^r. was so carfull
+being both so well laden, as they went joyfully home togeather, for he
+towed y^e leser ship at his sterne all y^e way over bound, and they had
+such fayr weather as he never cast her of till they were shott deep in
+to y^e English Chanell, almost within y^e sight of Plimoth; and yet
+ther she was unhaply taken by a Turks man of warr, and carried into
+Saly, wher y^e m^r. and men were made slaves, and many of y^e beaver
+skins were sould for 4^d. a peece. [138] Thus was all their hops dasht,
+and the joyfull news they ment to cary home turned to heavie tidings.
+Some thought this a hand of God for their too great exaction of y^e
+poore plantation, but Gods judgments are unseerchable, neither dare I be
+bould therwith: but however it shows us y^e uncertainty of all humane
+things, and what litle cause ther is of joying in them or trusting to
+them.
+
+In y^e bigger of these ships was sent over Captine Standish from y^e
+plantation, w^th leters & instructions, both to their freinds of y^e
+company which still clave to them, and also to y^e Honourable Counsell
+of New-England. To y^e company to desire y^t seeing that they ment only
+to let them have goods upon sale, that they might have them upon easier
+termes, for they should never be able to bear such high intrest, or to
+allow so much per cent; also that what they would doe in y^t way that it
+might be disburst in money, or such goods as were fitte and needfull for
+them, & bought at best hand; and to aquainte them with y^e contents of
+his leters to y^e Counsell above said, which was to this purpose, to
+desire their favour & help; that such of y^e adventurers as had thus
+forsaken & deserted them, might be brought to some order, and not to
+keepe them bound, and them selves be free. But that they might either
+stand to ther former covenants, or ells come to some faire end, by
+dividente, or composition. But he came in a very bad time, for y^e Stat
+was full of trouble, and y^e plague very hote in London, so as no
+bussines could be done; yet he spake with some of y^e Honourd Counsell,
+who promised all helpfullnes to y^e plantation which lay in them. And
+sundrie of their freinds y^e adventurers were so weakened with their
+losses y^e last year, by y^e losse of y^e ship taken by the Turks, and
+y^e loss of their fish, w^ch by reason of y^e warrs they were forcte to
+land at Portsmouth, and so came to litle; so as, though their wills were
+good, yet they^r power was litle. And ther dyed such multituds weekly of
+y^e plague, as all trade was dead, and litle money stirring. Yet with
+much adooe he tooke up 150^li. (& spent a good deal of it in expences)
+at 50. per cent, which he bestowed in trading goods & such other most
+needfull comodities as he knew requiset for their use; and so returned
+passenger in a fhishing ship, haveing prepared a good way for y^e
+compossition that was afterward made.
+
+In y^e mean time it pleased y^e Lord to give y^e plantation peace and
+health and contented minds, and so to blese ther labours, as they had
+corne sufficient, (and some to spare to others,) with other foode;
+neither ever had they any supply of foode but what they first brought
+with them. After harvest this year, they sende out a boats load of corne
+40. or 50. leagues to y^e eastward, up a river called Kenibeck; it being
+one of those 2. shalops which their carpenter had built them y^e year
+before; for bigger vessell had they none. They had laid a litle deck
+over her midships to keepe y^e corne drie, but y^e men were faine to
+stand it out all weathers without shelter; and y^t time [139] of y^e
+year begins to growe tempestious. But God preserved them, and gave them
+good success, for they brought home 700^li. of beaver, besids some other
+furrs, having litle or nothing els but this corne, which them selves had
+raised out of y^e earth. This viage was made by M^r. Winslow & some of
+y^e old standards,[CA] for seamen they had none.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1626._
+
+About y^e begining of Aprill they heard of Captain Standish his
+arrivall, and sent a boat to fetch him home, and y^e things he had
+brought. Welcome he was, but y^e news he broughte was sadd in many
+regards; not only in regarde of the former losses, before related, which
+their freinds had suffered, by which some in a maner were undon, others
+much disabled from doing any further help, and some dead of y^e plague,
+but also y^t M^r. Robinson, their pastor, was dead, which struck them
+with much sorrow & sadnes, as they had cause. His and their adversaries
+had been long & continually plotting how they might hinder his coming
+hither, but y^e Lord had appointed him a better place; concerning whose
+death & the maner therof, it will appere by these few lines write to
+Gov^r & M^r. Brewster.
+
+  Loving & kind frinds, &c. I know not whether this will ever come to
+  your hands, or miscarie, as other my letters have done; yet in regard
+  of y^e Lords dealing with us hear, I have had a great desire to write
+  unto you, knowing your desire to bear a parte with us, both in our
+  joyes, & sorrows, as we doe w^th you. These are therfore to give you
+  to understand, that it hath pleased the Lord to take out of this vaell
+  of tears, your and our loving & faithfull pastor, and my dear & Reve^d
+  brother, M^r. John Robinson, who was sick some 8. days. He begane to
+  be sick on Saturday in y^e morning, yet y^e next day (being the Lords
+  day) he taught us twise. And so y^e weeke after grew weaker, every day
+  more then other; yet he felt no paine but weaknes all y^e time of his
+  sicknes. The phisick he tooke wrought kindly in mans judgmente, but he
+  grew weaker every day, feeling litle or no paine, and sensible to y^e
+  very last. He fell sicke y^e 22. of Feb: and departed this life y^e 1.
+  of March. He had a continuall inwarde ague, but free from infection,
+  so y^t all his freinds came freely to him. And if either prayers,
+  tears, or means, would have saved his life, he had not gone hence. But
+  he having faithfully finished his course, and performed his worke
+  which y^e Lord had appointed him here to doe, he now resteth with y^e
+  Lord in eternall hapines. We wanting him & all Church Gov^rs, yet we
+  still (by y^e mercie of God) continue & hould close togeather, in
+  peace and quietnes; and so hope we shall doe, though we be very weake.
+  Wishing (if such were y^e will of God) that you & we were againe
+  united togeather in one, either ther or here; but seeing it is y^e
+  will of y^e Lord thus to dispose of things, we must labour w^th
+  patience to rest contented, till it please y^e Lord otherwise to
+  dispose. For [140] news, is here not much; only as in England we have
+  lost our old king James, who departed this life aboute a month agoe,
+  so here they have lost y^e old prince, Grave Mourise; who both
+  departed this life since my brother Robinson. And as in England we
+  have a new-king Charls, of whom ther is great hope, so hear they have
+  made prince Hendrick Generall in his brothers place, &c. Thus with my
+  love remembred, I take leave & rest,
+
+  Your assured loving friend,
+  ROGER WHITE.
+
+  Leyden, Aprill 28.
+  An^o: 1625.
+
+
+Thus these too great princes, and their pastor, left this world near
+aboute one time. Death maks no difference.
+
+He further brought them notice of y^e death of their anciente friend,
+Mr. Cush-man, whom y^e Lord tooke away allso this year, & aboute this
+time, who was as their right hand with their freinds y^e adventurers,
+and for diverce years had done & agitated all their bussines with them
+to ther great advantage. He had write to y^e Gove^r but some few months
+before, of y^e sore sicknes of M^r. James Sherley, who was a cheefe
+friend to y^e plantation, and lay at y^e pointe of death, declaring his
+love & helpfullnes, in all things; and much bemoned the loss they should
+have of him, if God should now take him away, as being y^e stay & life
+of y^e whole bussines. As allso his owne purposs this year to come over,
+and spend his days with them. But he that thus write of anothers
+sicknes, knew not y^t his owne death was so near. It shows allso that a
+m[=a]s ways are not in his owne power, but in his hands who hath y^e
+issues of life and death. Man may purpose, but God doth dispose.
+
+Their other freinds from Leyden writ many leters to them full of sad
+laments for ther heavie loss; and though their wills were good to come
+to them, yet they saw no probabilitie of means, how it might be
+effected, but concluded (as it were) that all their hopes were cutt of;
+and many, being aged, begane to drop away by death.
+
+All which things (before related) being well weighed and laied togither,
+it could not but strick them with great perplexitie; and to looke
+humanly on y^e state of things as they presented them selves at this
+time, it is a marvell it did not wholy discourage them, and sinck them.
+But they gathered up their spirits, and y^e Lord so helped them, whose
+worke they had in hand, as now when they were at lowest[CB] they begane
+to rise againe, and being striped (in a maner) of all humane helps and
+hops, he brought things aboute other wise, in his devine providence, as
+they were not only upheld & sustained, but their proceedings both
+honoured and imitated by others; as by y^e sequell will more appeare, if
+y^e Lord spare me life & time to declare y^e same.
+
+Haveing now no fishing busines, or other things to intend, but only
+their trading & planting, they sett them selves to follow the same with
+y^e best industrie they could. The planters finding their corne, what
+they could spare from ther necessities, to be a co[=m]oditie, (for they
+sould it at 6^s. a bushell,) used great dilligence in planting y^e
+same. And y^e Gove^r and such as were designed to manage the trade, (for
+it was retained for y^e generall good, [141] and none were to trade in
+perticuler,) they followed it to the best advantage they could; and
+wanting trading goods, they understoode that a plantation which was at
+Monhigen, & belonged to some marchants of Plimoth was to breake up, and
+diverse usefull goods was ther to be sould; the Gove^r and M^r. Winslow
+tooke a boat and some hands and went thither. But M^r. David Thomson,
+who lived at Pascataway, understanding their purpose, tooke oppertunitie
+to goe with them, which was some hinderance to them both; for they,
+perceiveing their joynte desires to buy, held their goods at higher
+rates; and not only so, but would not sell a parcell of their trading
+goods, excepte they sould all. So, lest they should further prejudice
+one an other, they agreed to buy all, & devid them equally between them.
+They bought allso a parcell of goats, which they distributed at home as
+they saw neede & occasion, and tooke corne for them of y^e people, which
+gave them good content. Their moyety of y^e goods came to above 400^li.
+starling. Ther was allso that spring a French ship cast away at
+Sacadahock, in w^ch were many Biscaie ruggs & other co[=m]odities, which
+were falen into these mens hands, & some other fisher men at
+Damerins-cove, which were allso bought in partnership, and made their
+parte arise to above 500^li. This they made shift to pay for, for y^e
+most part, with y^e beaver & comodities they had gott y^e winter
+before, & what they had gathered up y^t somer. M^r. Thomson having some
+thing overcharged him selfe, desired they would take some of his, but
+they refused except he would let them have his French goods only; and
+y^e marchant (who was one of Bristol) would take their bill for to be
+paid y^e next year. They were both willing, so they became ingaged for
+them & tooke them. By which means they became very well furnished for
+trade; and tooke of therby some other ingagments w^ch lay upon them, as
+the money taken up by Captaine Standish, and y^e remains of former
+debts. With these goods, and their corne after harvest, they gott good
+store of trade, so as they were enabled to pay their ingagements against
+y^e time, & to get some cloathing for y^e people, and had some
+comodities before hand. But now they begane to be envied, and others
+wente and fild y^e Indeans with corne, and beat downe y^e prise, giveing
+them twise as much as they had done, and under traded them in other
+comodities allso.
+
+This year they sent M^r. Allerton into England, and gave him order to
+make a composition with y^e adventurers, upon as good termes as he could
+(unto which some way had ben made y^e year before by Captaine Standish);
+but yet injoyned him not to conclud absolutly till they knew y^e termes,
+and had well considered of them; but to drive it to as good an issew as
+he could, and referr y^e conclusion to them. Also they gave him a
+co[=m]ission under their hands & seals to take up some money, provided
+it exeeded not such a su[=m]e specified, for which they engaged them
+selves, and gave him order how to lay out y^e same for y^e use of y^e
+plantation.
+
+And finding they ra[=n]e a great hazard to goe so long viages in a smale
+open boat, espetialy y^e winter season, they begane to thinke how they
+might gett a small pinass; as for y^e reason afforesaid, so also because
+others had raised y^e prise with y^e Indeans above y^e halfe of what
+they had formerly given, so as in such a boat they could not [143[CC]]
+carry a quantity sufficient to answer their ends. They had no
+ship-carpenter amongst them, neither knew how to get one at presente;
+but they having an ingenious man that was a house carpenter, who also
+had wrought with y^e ship carpenter (that was dead) when he built their
+boats, at their request he put forth him selfe to make a triall that way
+of his skill; and tooke one of y^e bigest of ther shalops and sawed her
+in y^e midle, and so lenthened her some 5. or 6. foote, and strengthened
+her with timbers, and so builte her up, and laid a deck on her; and so
+made her a conveniente and wholsome vessell, very fitt & comfortable for
+their use, which did them servise 7. years after; and they gott her
+finished, and fitted with sayles & anchors, y^e insuing year. And thus
+passed y^e affairs of this year.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1627._
+
+At y^e usuall season of y^e coming of ships M^r. Allerton returned, and
+brought some usfull goods with him, according to y^e order given him.
+For upon his commission he tooke up 200^li. which he now gott at 30. per
+cent. The which goods they gott safly home, and well conditioned, which
+was much to the comfort & contente of y^e plantation. He declared unto
+them, allso, how, with much adoe and no small trouble, he had made a
+composition with y^e adventurers, by the help of sundrie of their
+faithfull freinds ther, who had allso tooke much pains ther about. The
+agreement or bargen he had brought a draught of, with a list of ther
+names ther too annexed, drawne by the best counsell of law they could
+get, to make it firme. The heads wherof I shall here inserte.
+
+  To all Christian people, greeting, &c. Wheras at a meeting y^e 26. of
+  October last past, diverse & sundrie persons, whose names to y^e one
+  part of these presents are subscribed in a schedule hereunto annexed,
+  Adventurers to New-Plimoth in New-England in America, were contented
+  and agreed, in consideration of the sume of one thousand and eight
+  hundred pounds sterling to be paid, (in maner and forme folling,) to
+  sell, and make sale of all & every y^e stocks, shares, lands,
+  marchandise, and chatles, what soever, to y^e said adventurers, and
+  other ther fellow adventurers to New Plimoth aforesaid, any way
+  accruing, or belonging to y^e generalitie of y^e said adventurers
+  aforesaid; as well by reason of any sume or sumes of money, or
+  marchandise, at any time heretofore adventured or disbursed by them,
+  or other wise howsoever; for y^e better expression and setting forth
+  of which said agreemente, the parties to these presents subscribing,
+  doe for [144] them selves severally, and as much as in them is, grant,
+  bargan, alien, sell, and transfere all & every y^e said shares, goods,
+  lands, marchandice, and chatles to them belonging as aforesaid, unto
+  Isaack Alerton, one of y^e planters resident at Plimoth afforesaid,
+  assigned, and sent over as agente for y^e rest of y^e planters ther,
+  and to such other planters at Plimoth afforesaid as y^e said Isack,
+  his heirs, or assignes, at his or ther arrivall, shall by writing or
+  otherwise thinke fitte to joyne or partake in y^e premisses, their
+  heirs, & assignes, in as large, ample, and beneficiall maner and
+  forme, to all intents and purposes, as y^e said subscribing
+  adventurers here could or may doe, or performe. All which stocks,
+  shares, lands, &c. to the said adven: in severallitie alloted,
+  apportioned, or any way belonging, the said adven: doe warrant &
+  defend unto the said Isaack Allerton, his heirs and assignes, against
+  them, their heirs and assignes, by these presents. And therfore y^e
+  said Isaack Allerton doth, for him, his heirs & assigns, covenant,
+  promise, & grant too & with y^e adven: whose names are here unto
+  subscribed, ther heirs, &c. well & truly to pay, or cause to be payed,
+  unto y^e said adven: or 5. of them which were, at y^t meeting
+  afforsaid, nominated & deputed, viz. _John Pocock_, _John Beachamp_,
+  _Robart Keane_, _Edward Base_, and _James Sherley_, marchants, their
+  heirs, &c. too and for y^e use of y^e generallitie of them, the sume
+  of 1800^li. of lawfull money of England, at y^e place appoynted for
+  y^e receipts of money, on the west side of y^e Royall Exchaing in
+  London, by 200^li. yearly, and every year, on y^e feast of St.
+  Migchell, the first paiment to be made An^o: 1628. &c. Allso y^e said
+  Isaack is to indeavor to procure & obtaine from the planters of N. P.
+  aforesaid, securitie, by severall obligations, or writings obligatory,
+  to make paiment of y^e said sume of 1800^li. in forme afforsaid,
+  according to y^e true meaning of these presents. In testimonie wherof
+  to this part of these presents remaining with y^e said Isaack
+  Allerton, y^e said subscribing adven: have sett to their names,[CD]
+  &c. And to y^e other part remaining with y^e said adven: the said
+  Isaack Allerton hath subscribed his name, y^e _15. Nov^br An^o: 1626.
+  in y^e 2. year of his Majesties raigne_.
+
+This agreemente was very well liked of, & approved by all y^e
+plantation, and consented unto; though they knew not well how to raise
+y^e payment, and discharge their other ingagements, and supply the
+yearly wants of y^e plantation, seeing they were forced for their
+necessities to take up money or goods at so high intrests. Yet they
+undertooke it, and 7. or 8. of y^e cheefe of y^e place became joyntly
+bound for y^e paimente of this 1800^li. (in y^e behalfe of y^e rest) at
+y^e severall days. In which they rane a great adventure, as their
+present state stood, having many other heavie burthens allready upon
+them, and all things in an uncertaine condition amongst them. So y^e
+next returne it was absolutly confirmed on both sids, and y^e bargen
+fairly ingrossed in partchmente and in many things put into better
+forme, by y^e advice of y^e learnedest counsell they could gett; and
+least any forfeiture should fall on y^e whole for none paimente at any
+of y^e days, it rane thus: to forfite 30^s. a weeke if they missed y^e
+time; and was concluded under their hands & seals, as may be seen at
+large by y^e deed it selfe.
+
+[145] Now though they had some untowarde persons mixed amongst them from
+the first, which came out of England, and more afterwards by some of y^e
+adventurers, as freindship or other affections led them,--though sundrie
+were gone, some for Virginia, and some to other places,--yet diverse
+were still mingled amongst them, about whom y^e Gove^r & counsell with
+other of their cheefe freinds had serious consideration, how to setle
+things in regard of this new bargen or purchas made, in respecte of y^e
+distribution of things both for y^e presente and future. For y^e
+present, excepte peace and union were preserved, they should be able to
+doe nothing, but indanger to over throw all, now that other tyes & bonds
+were taken away. Therfore they resolved, for sundrie reasons, to take in
+all amongst them, that were either heads of families, or single yonge
+men, that were of abillity, and free, (and able to governe them selvs
+with meete descretion, and their affairs, so as to be helpfull in y^e
+comone-welth,) into this partnership or purchass. First, y^ey considered
+that they had need of men & strength both for defence and carrying on of
+bussinesses. 2^ly, most of them had borne ther parts in former miseries
+& wants with them, and therfore (in some sort) but equall to partake in
+a better condition, if y^e Lord be pleased to give it. But cheefly they
+saw not how peace would be preserved without so doing, but danger &
+great disturbance might grow to their great hurte & prejudice other
+wise. Yet they resolved to keep such a mean in distribution of lands,
+and other courses, as should not hinder their growth in others coming to
+them.
+
+So they caled y^e company togeather, and conferred with them, and came
+to this conclusion, that y^e trade should be managed as before, to help
+to pay the debts; and all such persons as were above named should be
+reputed and inrouled for purchasers; single free men to have a single
+share, and every father of a familie to be alowed to purchass so many
+shares as he had persons in his family; that is to say, one for him
+selfe, and one for his wife, and for every child that he had living with
+him, one. As for servants, they had none, but what either their maisters
+should give them out of theirs, or their deservings should obtaine from
+y^e company afterwards. Thus all were to be cast into single shares
+according to the order abovesaid; and so every one was to pay his part
+according to his proportion towards y^e purchass, & all other debts,
+what y^e profite of y^e trade would not reach too; viz. a single man for
+a single share, a maister of a famalie for so many as he had. This gave
+all good contente. And first accordingly the few catle which they had
+were devided, which arose to this proportion; a cowe to 6. persons or
+shars, & 2. goats to y^e same, which were first equalised for age &
+goodnes, and then lotted for; single persons consorting with others, as
+they thought good, & smaler familys likwise; and swine though more [146]
+in number, yet by y^e same rule. Then they agreed that every person or
+share should have 20. acres of land devided unto them, besids y^e single
+acres they had allready; and they appoynted were to begin first on y^e
+one side of y^e towne, & how farr to goe; and then on y^e other side in
+like maner; and so to devid it by lotte; and appointed sundrie by name
+to doe it, and tyed them to certaine ruls to proceed by; as that they
+should only lay out settable or tillable land, at least such of it as
+should butt on y^e water side, (as y^e most they were to lay out did,)
+and pass by y^e rest as refuse and co[=m]une; and what they judged fitte
+should be so taken. And they were first to agree of y^e goodnes & fitnes
+of it before the lott was drawne, and so it might as well prove some of
+ther owne, as an other mans; and this course they were to hould
+throwout. But yet seekeing to keepe y^e people togither, as much as
+might be, they allso agreed upon this order, by mutuall consente, before
+any lots were cast: that whose lotts soever should fall next y^e towne,
+or most conveninte for nearnes, they should take to them a neigboure or
+tow, whom they best liked; and should suffer them to plant corne with
+them for 4. years; and afterwards they might use as much of theirs for
+as long time, if they would. Allso every share or 20. acers was to be
+laid out 5. acres in breadth by y^e water side, and 4. acres in lenght,
+excepting nooks & corners, which were to be measured as y^ey would bear
+to best advantage. But no meadows were to be laid out at all, nor were
+not of many years after, because they were but streight of meadow
+grounds; and if they had bene now given out, it would have hindred all
+addition to them afterwards; but every season all were appoynted wher
+they should mowe, according to y^e proportion of catle they had. This
+distribution gave generally good contente, and setled mens minds. Also
+they gave y^e Gove^r & 4. or 5. of y^e spetiall men amongst them, y^e
+houses they lived in; y^e rest were valued & equalised at an indiferent
+rate, and so every man kept his owne, and he that had a better alowed
+some thing to him that had a worse, as y^e valuation wente.
+
+Ther is one thing that fell out in y^e begining of y^e winter before,
+which I have refferred to this place, that I may handle y^e whole matter
+togeither. Ther was a ship, with many passengers in her and sundrie
+goods, bound for Virginia. They had lost them selves at sea, either by
+y^e insufficiencie of y^e maister, or his ilnes; for he was sick & lame
+of y^e scurvie, so that he could but lye in y^e cabin dore, & give
+direction; and it should seeme was badly assisted either w^th mate or
+mariners; or else y^e fear and unrulines of y^e passengers were such, as
+they made them stear a course betweene y^e southwest & y^e norwest, that
+they might fall with some land, what soever it was they cared not. For
+they had been 6. weeks at sea, and had no water, nor beere, nor any
+woode left, but had burnt up all their emptie caske; only one of y^e
+company had a hogshead of wine or 2. which was allso allmost spente, so
+as they feared they should be starved at sea, or consumed with diseases,
+which made them rune this desperate course. But it plased God that
+though they came so neare y^e shoulds of Cap-Codd [147] or else ran
+stumbling over them in y^e night, they knew not how, they came right
+before a small blind harbore, that lyes about y^e midle of Manamoyake
+Bay, to y^e southward of Cap-Codd, with a small gale of wind; and about
+highwater toucht upon a barr of sand that lyes before it, but had no
+hurte, y^e sea being smoth; so they laid out an anchore. But towards the
+evening the wind sprunge up at sea, and was so rough, as broake their
+cable, & beat them over the barr into y^e harbor, wher they saved their
+lives & goods, though much were hurte with salt water; for w^th beating
+they had sprung y^e but end of a planke or too, & beat out ther occome;
+but they were soone over, and ran on a drie flate within the harbor,
+close by a beach; so at low water they gatt out their goods on drie
+shore, and dried those that were wette, and saved most of their things
+without any great loss; neither was y^e ship much hurt, but shee might
+be mended, and made servisable againe. But though they were not a litle
+glad that they had thus saved their lives, yet when they had a litle
+refreshed them selves, and begane to thinke on their condition, not
+knowing wher they were, nor what they should doe, they begane to be
+strucken with sadnes. But shortly after they saw some Indians come to
+them in canows, which made them stand upon their gard. But when they
+heard some of y^e Indeans speake English unto them, they were not a
+litle revived, especially when they heard them demand if they were the
+Gove^r of Plimoths men, or freinds; and y^t they would bring them to
+y^e English houses, or carry their letters.
+
+They feasted these Indeans, and gave them many giftes; and sente 2. men
+and a letter with them to y^e Gove^r, and did intreat him to send a boat
+unto them, with some pitch, and occume, and spiks, w^th divers other
+necessaries for y^e mending of ther ship (which was recoverable). Allso
+they besought him to help them with some corne and sundrie other things
+they wanted, to enable them to make their viage to Virginia; and they
+should be much bound to him, and would make satisfaction for any thing
+they had, in any comodities they had abord. After y^e Gove^r was well
+informed by y^e messengers of their condition, he caused a boate to be
+made ready, and such things to be provided as they write for; and
+because others were abroad upon trading, and such other affairs, as had
+been fitte to send unto them, he went him selfe, and allso carried some
+trading comodities, to buy them corne of y^e Indeans. It was no season
+of y^e year to goe withoute y^e Cape, but understanding wher y^e ship
+lay, he went into y^e bottom of y^e bay, on y^e inside, and put into a
+crick called Naumskachett, wher it is not much above 2. mile over [148]
+land to y^e bay wher they were, wher he had y^e Indeans ready to cary
+over any thing to them. Of his arrivall they were very glad, and
+received the things to mend ther ship, and other necessaries. Allso he
+bought them as much corne as they would have; and wheras some of their
+sea-men were rune away amonge the Indeans, he procured their returne to
+y^e ship, and so left them well furnished and contented, being very
+thankfull for y^e curtesies they receaved. But after the Governor thus
+left them, he went into some other harbors ther aboute and loaded his
+boat with corne, which he traded, and so went home. But he had not been
+at home many days, but he had notice from them, that by the violence of
+a great storme, and y^e bad morring of their ship (after she was mended)
+she was put a shore, and so beatten and shaken as she was now wholy
+unfitte to goe to sea. And so their request was that they might have
+leave to repaire to them, and soujourne with them, till they could have
+means to convey them selves to Virginia; and that they might have means
+to tr[=a]sport their goods, and they would pay for y^e same, or any
+thing els wher with y^e plantation should releeve them. Considering
+their distres, their requests were granted, and all helpfullnes done
+unto them; their goods transported, and them selves & goods sheltered in
+their houses as well as they could.
+
+The cheefe amongst these people was one M^r. Fells and M^r. Sibsie,
+which had many servants belonging unto them, many of them being Irish.
+Some others ther were y^t had a servante or 2. a peece; but y^e most
+were servants, and such as were ingaged to the former persons, who allso
+had y^e most goods. Affter they were hither come, and some thing setled,
+the maisters desired some ground to imploye ther servants upon; seing
+it was like to be y^e latter end of y^e year before they could have
+passage for Virginia, and they had now y^e winter before them; they
+might clear some ground, and plant a crope (seeing they had tools, &
+necessaries for y^e same) to help to bear their charge, and keep their
+servants in imployment; and if they had opportunitie to departe before
+the same was ripe, they would sell it on y^e ground. So they had ground
+appointed them in convenient places, and Fells & some other of them
+raised a great deall of corne, which they sould at their departure. This
+Fells, amongst his other servants, had a maid servante which kept his
+house & did his household affairs, and by the intimation of some that
+belonged unto him, he was suspected to keep her, as his concubine; and
+both of them were examined ther upon, but nothing could be proved, and
+they stood upon their justification; so with admonition they were
+dismiste. But afterward it appeard she was with child, so he gott a
+small boat, & ran away with her, for fear of punishmente. First he went
+to Cap-Anne, and after into y^e bay of y^e Massachussets, but could get
+no passage, and had like to have been cast away; and was forst to come
+againe and submite him selfe; but they pact him away & those that
+belonged unto him by the first oppertunitie, and dismiste all the rest
+as soone as could, being many untoward people amongst them; though ther
+were allso some that caried them selves very orderly all y^e time they
+stayed. And the [149] plantation had some benefite by them, in selling
+them corne & other provisions of food for cloathing; for they had of
+diverse kinds, as cloath, perpetuanes, & other stuffs, besids hose, &
+shoes, and such like co[=m]odities as y^e planters stood in need of. So
+they both did good, and received good one from another; and a cuple of
+barks caried them away at y^e later end of so[=m]er. And sundrie of them
+have acknowledged their thankfullnes since from Virginia.
+
+That they might y^e better take all convenient opportunitie to follow
+their trade, both to maintaine them selves, and to disingage them of
+those great sumes which they stood charged with, and bound for, they
+resoloved to build a smale pinass at Manamet, a place 20. mile from y^e
+plantation, standing on y^e sea to y^e southward of them, unto which, by
+an other creeke on this side, they could cary their goods, within 4. or
+5. miles, and then tr[=a]sport them over land to their vessell; and so
+avoyd the compasing of Cap-Codd, and those deangerous shoulds, and so
+make any vioage to y^e southward in much shorter time, and with farr
+less danger. Also for y^e saftie of their vessell & goods, they builte a
+house their, and kept some servants, who also planted corne, and reared
+some swine, and were allwayes ready to goe out with y^e barke when ther
+was occasion. All which tooke good effecte, and turned to their profite.
+
+They now sent (with y^e returne of y^e ships) M^r. Allerton againe into
+England, giveing him full power, under their hands & seals, to conclude
+the former bargaine with y^e adventurers; and sent ther bonds for y^e
+paimente of the money. Allso they sent what beaver they could spare to
+pay some of their ingagementes, & to defray his chargs; for those deepe
+interests still kepte them low. Also he had order to procure a patente
+for a fitt trading place in y^e river of Kenebec; for being emulated
+both by the planters at Pascataway &, other places to y^e eastward of
+them, and allso by y^e fishing ships, which used to draw much profite
+from y^e Indeans of those parts, they threatened to procure a grante, &
+shutte them out from thence; espetially after they saw them so well
+furnished with co[=m]odities, as to carie the trade from them. They
+thought it but needfull to prevente such a thing, at least that they
+might not be excluded from free trade ther, wher them selves had first
+begune and discovered the same, [=a]d brought it to so good effecte.
+This year allso they had letters, and messengers from y^e
+Dutch-plantation, sent unto them from y^e Gov^r ther, writen both in
+Dutch & French. The Dutch had traded in these southerne parts, diverse
+years before they came; but they begane no plantation hear till 4. or 5.
+years after their coming, and here begining. Ther letters were as
+followeth. It being their maner to be full of complementall titles.
+
+  Eedele, Eerenfeste Wyse Voorsinnige Heeren, den G[)o]veerne[)u]r, ende
+  Raeden in Nieu-Pliem[)u]en residerende; onse seer Goede vrinden den
+  directe[)u]r ende Raed van Nieu-Nederlande, wensen v[)w]e Edn:
+  eerenfesten, ende wijse voorsinnige gel[)u]ck salichitt
+  [gelukzaligheid?], In Christi Jesu onsen Heere; met goede voorspoet,
+  ende gesonthijt, naer siele, ende lichaem. Amen.[CE]
+
+The rest I shall render in English, leaving out the repetition of
+superfluous titles.
+
+  [150] We have often before this wished for an opportunitie or an
+  occasion to congratulate you, and your prosperous and praise-worthy
+  undertakeings, and Government of your colony ther. And the more, in
+  that we also have made a good begining to pitch y^e foundation of a
+  collonie hear; and seeing our native countrie lyes not farr from
+  yours, and our forefathers (diverse hundred years agoe) have made and
+  held frendship and alliance with your ancestours, as sufficently
+  appears by y^e old contractes, and entrecourses, confirmed under y^e
+  hands of kings & princes, in y^e pointe of warr & trafick; as may be
+  seene and read by all y^e world in y^e old chronakles. The which are
+  not only by the king now reigning confirmed, but it hath pleased his
+  majesty, upon mature deliberation, to make a new covenante, (and to
+  take up armes,) with y^e States Generall of our dear native country,
+  against our commone enemie the Spaniards, who seeke nothing else but
+  to usurpe and overcome other Christian kings and princes lands, that
+  so he might obtaine and possess his pretended monarchic over all
+  Christendom; and so to rule and co[=m]and, after his owne pleasure,
+  over y^e consciences of so many hundred thousand sowles, which God
+  forbid.
+
+  And also seeing it hath some time since been reported unto us, by some
+  of our people, that by occasion came so farr northward with their
+  shalop, and met with sundry of y^e Indeans, who tould them that they
+  were within halfe a days journey of your plantation, and offered ther
+  service to cary letters unto you; therfore we could not forbear to
+  salute you with these few lines, with presentation of our good will
+  and servise unto you, in all frendly-kindnes & neighbourhood. And if
+  it so fall out that any goods that comes to our hands from our native
+  countrie, may be serviceable unto you, we shall take our selves bound
+  to help and acco[=m]adate you ther with; either for beaver or any
+  other wares or marchandise that you should be pleased to deale for.
+  And if in case we have no co[=m]odity at present that may give you
+  contente, if you please to sell us any beaver, or otter, or such like
+  comodities as may be usefull for us, for ready money, and let us
+  understand therof by this bearer in writing, (whom we have apoynted to
+  stay 3. or 4. days for your answer,) when we understand your minds
+  therin, we shall depute one to deale with you, at such place as you
+  shall appointe. In y^e mean time we pray the Lord to take you, our
+  honoured good freinds and neighbours, into his holy protection.
+
+  By the appointment of y^e Gov^r and Counsell, &c.
+
+  ISAAK DE RASIER, Secrectaris.
+
+  From y^e Manhatas, in y^e fort Amsterdam,
+  March 9. An^o: 1627.
+
+
+To this they returned answer as followeth, on y^e other side.
+
+  [151] To the Honoured, &c.
+
+  The Gove^r & Counsell of New-Plim: wisheth, &c. We have received your
+  leters, &c. wherin appeareth your good wills & frendship towards us;
+  but is expresed w^th over high titls, more then belongs to us, or is
+  meete for us to receive. But for your good will, and congratulations
+  of our prosperitie in these smale beginings of our poore colonie, we
+  are much bound unto you, and with many thanks doe acknowledg y^e same;
+  taking it both for a great honour done unto us, and for a certaine
+  testimoney of your love and good neighbourhood.
+
+  Now these are further to give your Wor^pps to understand, that it is
+  to us no smale joye to hear, that his majestie hath not only bene
+  pleased to confirme y^t ancient amitie, aliance, and frendship, and
+  other contracts, formerly made & ratified by his predecessors of
+  famous memorie, but hath him selfe (as you say) strengthened the same
+  with a new-union the better to resist y^e prid of y^t co[=m]one enemy
+  y^e Spaniard, from whose cruelty the Lord keep us both, and our native
+  countries. Now forasmuch as this is sufficiente to unite us togeather
+  in love and good neighbourhood, in all our dealings, yet are many of
+  us further obliged, by the good and curteous entreaty which we have
+  found in your countrie; haveing lived ther many years, with freedome,
+  and good contente, as also many of our freinds doe to this day; for
+  which we, and our children after us, are bound to be thankfull to your
+  Nation, and shall never forgett y^e same, but shall hartily desire
+  your good & prosperity, as our owne, for ever.
+
+  Likwise for your freindly tender, & offer to aco[=m]odate and help us
+  with any comodities or marchandise you have, or shall come to you,
+  either for beaver, otters, or other wares, it is to us very
+  acceptable, and we doubte not but in short time we may have profitable
+  co[=m]erce & trade togeather. But for this year we are fully supplyed
+  with all necessaries, both for cloathing and other things; but
+  hereafter it is like we shall deale with you, if your rates be
+  reasonable. And therfore when you please to send to us againe by any
+  of yours, we desire to know how you will take beaver, by y^e pounde, &
+  otters, by y^e skine; and how you will deale per cent. for other
+  comodities, and what you can furnishe us with. As likwise what other
+  commodities from us may be acceptable unto you, as tobaco, fish,
+  corne, or other things, and what prises you will give, &c.
+
+  Thus hoping that you will pardon & excuse us for our rude and
+  imperfecte writing in your language, and take it in good parte,
+  because [152] for wante of use we cannot so well express that we
+  understand, nor hapily understand every thing so fully as we should.
+  And so we humbly pray the Lord for his mercie sake, that he will take
+  both us and you into his keeping & gratious protection.
+
+  By y^e Gove^r and Counsell of New-Plimoth,
+  Your Wor^pps very good freinds & neigbours, &c.
+
+  New-Plim: March 19.
+
+
+After this ther was many passages betweene them both by letters and
+other entercourse; and they had some profitable commerce togither for
+diverce years, till other occasions interrupted y^e same, as may happily
+appear afterwards, more at large.
+
+Before they sent M^r. Allerton away for England this year, y^e Gove^r
+and some of their cheefe freinds had serious consideration, not only how
+they might discharge those great ingagments which lay so heavily upon
+them, as is affore mentioned, but also how they might (if possiblie they
+could) devise means to help some of their freinds and breethren of
+Leyden over unto them, who desired so much to come to them, [=a]d they
+desired as much their company. To effecte which, they resolved to rune a
+high course, and of great adventure, not knowing otherwise how to bring
+it aboute. Which was to hire y^e trade of y^e company for certaine
+years, and in that time to undertake to pay that 1800^li. and all y^e
+rest of y^e debts that then lay upon y^e plantation, which was aboute
+some 600^li. more; and so to set them free, and returne the trade to y^e
+generalitie againe at y^e end of y^e terme. Upon which resolution they
+called y^e company togeither, and made it clearly appear unto all what
+their debts were, and upon what terms they would undertake to pay them
+all in such a time, and sett them clear. But their other ends they were
+faine to keepe secrete, haveing only privatly acquaynted some of their
+trusty freinds therwith; which were glad of y^e same, but doubted how
+they would be able to performe it. So after some agitation of the thing
+w^th y^e company, it was yeelded unto, and the agreemente made upon y^e
+conditions following.
+
+  Articles of agreemente betweene y^e collony of New-Pli[=m]oth of y^e
+  one partie, and William Bradford, Captein Myles Standish, Isaack
+  Allerton, &c. one y^e other partie; and shuch others as they shall
+  thinke good to take as partners and undertakers with them, concerning
+  the trade for beaver & other furrs & comodities, &c.; made July, 1627.
+
+  First, it is agreed and covenanted betweexte y^e said parties, that
+  y^e afforsaid William Bradford, Captain Myl Standish, & Isaack
+  Allerton, &c. have undertaken, and doe by these presents, covenante
+  and agree to pay, discharge, and acquite y^e said collony of all y^e
+  debtes both due for y^e purchass, or any other belonging to them, at
+  y^e day of y^e date of these presents.
+
+  [153] Secondly, y^e above-said parties are to have and freely injoye
+  y^e pinass latly builte, the boat at Manamett, and y^e shalop, called
+  y^e Bass-boat, with all other implements to them belonging, that is in
+  y^e store of y^e said company; with all y^e whole stock of furrs,
+  fells, beads, corne, wampampeak, hatchets, knives, &c. that is now in
+  y^e storre, or any way due unto y^e same uppon accounte.
+
+  3^ly. That y^e above said parties have y^e whole trade to them selves,
+  their heires and assignes, with all y^e privileges therof, as y^e said
+  collonie doth now, or may use the same, for 6. full years, to begine
+  y^e last of September next insuing.
+
+  4^ly. In furder consideration of y^e discharge of y^e said debtes,
+  every severall purchaser doth promise and covenante yearly to pay, or
+  cause to be payed, to the above said parties, during y^e full terme of
+  y^e said 6. years, 3. bushells of corne, or 6^li. of tobaco, at y^e
+  undertakers choyse.
+
+  5^ly. The said undertakers shall dureing y^e afforesaid terme bestow
+  50^li. per annum, in hose and shoese, to be brought over for y^e
+  collonies use, to be sould unto them for corne at 6^s. per bushell.
+
+  6^ly. That at y^e end of y^e said terme of 6. years, the whole trade
+  shall returne to y^t use and benefite of y^e said collonie, as before.
+
+  Lastly, if y^e afforesaid undertakers, after they have aquainted their
+  freinds in England with these covenants, doe (upon y^e first returne)
+  resolve to performe them, and undertake to discharge y^e debtes of y^e
+  said collony, according to y^e true meaning & intente of these
+  presents, then they are (upon such notice given) to stand in full
+  force; otherwise all things to remaine as formerly they were, and a
+  true accounte to be given to y^e said collonie, of the disposing of
+  all things according to the former order.
+
+M^r. Allerton carried a coppy of this agreemente with him into England,
+and amongst other his instructions had order given him to deale with
+some of their speciall freinds, to joyne with them in this trade upon
+y^e above recited conditions; as allso to imparte their further ends
+that moved them to take this course, namly, the helping over of some of
+their freinds from Leyden, as they should be able; in which if any of
+them would joyne with them they should thankfully acceptt of their love
+and partnership herein. And with all (by their letters) gave them some
+grounds of their hops of the accomplishmente of these things with some
+advantage.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1628._
+
+After M^r. Allertons arivall in England, he aquainted them with his
+comission and full power to conclude y^e forementioned bargan & purchas;
+upon [154] the veiw wherof, and y^e delivery of y^e bonds for y^e
+paymente of y^e money yearly, (as is before mentioned,) it was fully
+concluded, and a deede[CF] fairly ingrossed in partchmente was delivered
+him, under their hands & seals confirming the same. Morover he delte
+with them aboute other things according to his instructions. As to
+admitt some of these their good freinds into this purchass if they
+pleased, and to deale with them for moneys at better rates, &c. Touching
+which I shall hear inserte a letter of M^r. Sherleys, giving light to
+what followed therof, writ to y^e Gov^r as followeth.
+
+  S^r: I have received yours of y^e 26. of May by M^r. Gibs, & M^r.
+  Goffe, with y^e barrell of otter skins, according to y^e contents; for
+  which I got a bill of store, and so tooke them up, and sould them
+  togeather at 78^li. 12^s. sterling; and since, M^r. Allerton hath
+  received y^e money, as will apear by the accounte. It is true (as you
+  write) that your ingagments are great, not only the purchass, but you
+  are yet necessitated to take up y^e stock you work upon; and y^t not
+  at 6. or 8. p^r cent. as it is here let out, but at 30. 40. yea, &
+  some at 50. p^r cent. which, were not your gaines great, and Gods
+  blessing on your honest indeaours more then ordinarie, it could not be
+  y^t you should longe subsiste in y^e maintaining of, & upholding of
+  your worldly affaires. And this your honest & discreete agente, M^r.
+  Allerton, hath seriously considered, & deeply laid to mind, how to
+  ease you of it. He tould me you were contented to accepte of me & some
+  few others, to joyne with you in y^e purchass, as partners; for which
+  I kindly thanke you and all y^e rest, and doe willingly accepte of it.
+  And though absente, shall willingly be at shuch charge as you & y^e
+  rest shall thinke meete; and this year am contented to forbear my
+  former 50^li. and 2. years increase for y^e venture, both which now
+  makes it 80^li. without any bargaine or condition for y^e profite, you
+  (I mean y^e generalitie) stand to y^e adventure, outward, and
+  homeward. I have perswaded M^r. Andrews and M^r. Beachamp to doe y^e
+  like, so as you are eased of y^e high rate, you were at y^e other 2.
+  yeares; I say we leave it freely to your selves to alow us what you
+  please, and as God shall blesse. What course I rune, M^r. Beachamp
+  desireth to doe y^e same; and though he have been or seemed somwhat
+  harsh heretofore, yet now you shall find he is new moulded. I allso
+  see by your letter, you desire I should be your agente or factore
+  hear. I have ever found you so faithfull, honest, and upright men, as
+  I have even resolved with my selfe (God assisting me) to doe you all
+  y^e good lyeth in my power; and therfore if you please to make choyse
+  of so weak a man, both for abillities and body, to performe your
+  bussines, I promise (y^e Lord enabling me) to doe y^e best I can
+  according to those abillities he hath given me; and wherin I faile,
+  blame your selves, y^t you made no better choyce. Now, because I am
+  sickly, and we are all mortall, I have advised M^r. Allerton to joyne
+  M^r. Beachamp with me in your deputation, which I conceive to be very
+  necessary & good for you; your charge shall be no more, for it is not
+  your salarie maks me undertake your [156[CG]] bussines. Thus
+  contending you & yours, and all Gods people, unto y^e guidance and
+  protection of y^e Allmightie, I ever rest,
+
+  Your faithfull loving freind,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.[CH]
+
+  London, Nov. 17. 1628.
+
+
+With this leter they sent a draught of a formall deputation to be hear
+sealed and sent back unto them, to authorise them as their agents,
+according to what is mentioned in y^e above said letter; and because
+some inconvenience grue therby afterward I shall here inserte it.
+
+  To all to whom these pr[=e]ts shall come greeting; know yee that we,
+  William Bradford, Gov^r of Plimoth, in N.E. in America, Isaak
+  Allerton, Myles Standish, William Brewster, & Ed: Winslow, of Plimoth
+  aforesaid, marchants, doe by these presents for us & in our names,
+  make, substitute, & appointe James Sherley, Goldsmith, & John
+  Beachamp, Salter, citizens of London, our true & lawfull agents,
+  factors, substitutes, & assignes; as well to take and receive all such
+  goods, wares, & marchandise what soever as to our said substitutes or
+  either of them, or to y^e citie of London, or other place of y^e Relme
+  of Engl: shall be sente, transported, or come from us or any of us, as
+  allso to vend, sell, barter, or exchaing y^e said goods, wares, and
+  marchandise so from time to time to be sent to such person or persons
+  upon credite, or other wise in such maner as to our said agents &
+  factors joyently, or to either of them severally shall seeme meete.
+  And further we doe make & ordaine our said substituts & assignes
+  joyntly & severally for us, & to our uses, & accounts, to buy and
+  consigne for and to us into New-Engl: aforesaid, such goods and
+  marchandise to be provided here, and to be returned hence, as by our
+  said assignes, or either of them, shall be thought fitt. And to
+  recover, receive, and demand for us & in our names all such debtes &
+  sumes of money, as now are or hereafter shall be due incidente
+  accruing or belonging to us, or any of us, by any wayes or means; and
+  to acquite, discharge, or compound for any debte or sume of money,
+  which now or hereafter shall be due or oweing by any person or persons
+  to us, or any of us. And generally for us & in our names to doe,
+  performe, and execute every acte & thing which to our said assignes,
+  or either of them, shall seeme meete to be done in or aboute y^e
+  premissies, as fully & effectually, to all intents & purposes, as if
+  we or any of us were in person presente. And whatsoever our said
+  agents & factors joyntly or severally shall doe, or cause to be done,
+  in or aboute y^e premisses, we will & doe, & every of us doth ratife,
+  alow, & confirme, by these presents. In wittnes wherof we have here
+  unto put our hands & seals. Dated 18. Nov^br 1628.
+
+This was accordingly confirmed by the above named, and 4. more of the
+cheefe of them under their hands & seals, and delivered unto them. Also
+M^r. Allerton formerly had authoritie under their hands & seals for y^e
+transacting of y^e former bussines, and taking up of moneys, &c. which
+still he retained whilst he was imployed in these affaires; they
+mistrusting neither him nor any of their freinds faithfullnes, which
+made them more remisse in looking to shuch acts as had passed under
+their hands, as necessarie for y^e time; but letting them rune on to
+long unminded or recaled, it turned to their harme afterwards, as will
+appere in its place.
+
+[157] M^r. Allerton having setled all things thus in a good and hopfull
+way, he made hast to returne in y^e first of y^e spring to be hear with
+their supply for trade, (for y^e fishermen with whom he came used to
+sett forth in winter & be here betimes.) He brought a resonable supply
+of goods for y^e plantation, and without those great interests as before
+is noted; and brought an accounte of y^e beaver sould, and how y^e money
+was disposed for goods, & y^e paymente of other debtes, having paid all
+debts abroad to others, save to M^r. Sherley, M^r. Beachamp, & M^r.
+Andrews; from whom likwise he brought an accounte which to them all
+amounted not to above 400^li. for which he had passed bonds. Allso he
+had payed the first paymente for y^e purchass, being due for this year,
+viz. 200^li. and brought them y^e bonde for y^e same canselled; so as
+they now had no more foreine debtes but y^e abovesaid 400^li. and odde
+pownds, and y^e rest of y^e yearly purchass monie. Some other debtes
+they had in y^e cuntrie, but they were without any intrest, & they had
+wherwith to discharge them when they were due. To this pass the Lord had
+brought things for them. Also he brought them further notice that their
+freinds, the abovenamed, & some others that would joyne with them in y^e
+trad & purchass, did intend for to send over to Leyden, for a competente
+number of them, to be hear the next year without fayle, if y^e Lord
+pleased to blesse their journey. He allso brought them a patente for
+Kenebeck, but it was so straite & ill bounded, as they were faine to
+renew & inlarge it the next year, as allso that which they had at home,
+to their great charge, as will after appeare. Hithertoo M^r. Allerton
+did them good and faithfull service; and well had it been if he had so
+continued, or els they had now ceased for imploying him any longer thus
+into England. But of this more afterwards.
+
+Having procured a patente (as is above said) for Kenebeck, they now
+erected a house up above in y^e river in y^e most convenientest place
+for trade, as they conceived, and furnished the same with co[=m]odities
+for y^t end, both winter & so[=m]er, not only with corne, but also with
+such other commodities as y^e fishermen had traded with them, as coats,
+shirts, ruggs, & blankets, biskett, pease, prunes, &c.; and what they
+could not have out of England, they bought of the fishing ships, and so
+carried on their bussines as well as they could.
+
+This year the Dutch sent againe unto them from their plantation, both
+kind leterss, and also diverse comodities, as suger, linen cloth, Holand
+finer & courser stufes, &c. They came up with their barke to Manamete,
+to their house ther, in which came their Secretarie Rasier; who was
+accompanied with a noyse of trumpeters, and some other attendants; and
+desired that they would send a boat for him, for he could not travill so
+farr over land. So they sent a boat to Manonscussett, and brought him to
+y^e plantation, with y^e cheefe of his company. And after some few days
+entertainmente, he returned to his barke, and some of them wente with
+him, and bought sundry of his goods; after which begining thus made,
+they sente often times to y^e same place, and had entercourse togeather
+for diverce years; and amongst other comodities, they vended [158] much
+tobaco for linen cloath, stuffs, &c., which was a good benefite to y^e
+people, till the Virginians found out their plantation. But that which
+turned most to their profite, in time, was an entrance into the trade of
+Wampampeake; for they now bought aboute 50^li. worth of it of them; and
+they tould them how vendable it was at their forte Orania; and did
+perswade them they would find it so at Kenebeck; and so it came to pass
+in time, though at first it stuck, & it was 2. years before they could
+put of this small quantity, till y^e inland people knew of it; and
+afterwards they could scarce ever gett enough for them, for many years
+togeather. And so this, with their other provissions, cutt of they trade
+quite from y^e fisher-men, and in great part from other of y^e stragling
+planters. And strange it was to see the great allteration it made in a
+few years amonge y^e Indeans them selves; for all the Indeans of these
+parts, & y^e Massachussets, had none or very litle of it,[CI] but y^e
+sachems & some spetiall persons that wore a litle of it for ornamente.
+Only it was made & kepte amonge y^e Nariganssets, & Pequents, which grew
+rich & potent by it, and these people were poore & begerly, and had no
+use of it. Neither did the English of this plantation, or any other in
+y^e land, till now that they had knowledg of it from y^e Dutch, so much
+as know what it was, much less y^t it was a co[=m]oditie of that worth &
+valew. But after it grue thus to be a comoditie in these parts, these
+Indeans fell into it allso, and to learne how to make it; for y^e
+Narigansets doe geather y^e shells of which y^ey make it from their
+shors. And it hath now continued a current comoditie aboute this 20.
+years, and it may prove a drugg in time. In y^e mean time it maks y^e
+Indeans of these parts rich & power full and also prowd therby; and
+fills them with peeces, powder, and shote, which no laws can restraine,
+by reasone of y^e bassnes of sundry unworthy persons, both English,
+Dutch, & French, which may turne to y^e ruine of many. Hithertoo y^e
+Indeans of these parts had no peeces nor other armes but their bowes &
+arrowes, nor of many years after; nether durst they scarce handle a
+gune, so much were they affraid of them; and y^e very sight of one
+(though out of kilter) was a terrour unto them. But those Indeans to y^e
+east parts, which had co[=m]erce with y^e French, got peces of them, and
+they in the end made a commone trade of it; and in time our English
+fisher-men, led with y^e like covetoussnes, followed their example, for
+their owne gaine; but upon complainte against them, it pleased the kings
+majestie to prohibite y^e same by a stricte proclaimation, commanding
+that no sorte of armes, or munition, should by any of his subjects be
+traded with them.
+
+Aboute some 3. or 4. years before this time, ther came over one Captaine
+Wolastone, (a man of pretie parts,) and with him 3. or 4. more of some
+eminencie, who brought with them a great many servants, with provissions
+& other implments for to begine a plantation; and pitched them selves in
+a place within the Massachusets, which they called, after their Captains
+name, Mount-Wollaston. Amongst whom was one M^r. Morton, who, it should
+seeme, had some small adventure (of his owne or other mens) amongst
+them; but had litle respecte [159] amongst them, and was sleghted by y^e
+meanest servants. Haveing continued ther some time, and not finding
+things to answer their expectations, nor profite to arise as they looked
+for, Captaine Wollaston takes a great part of y^e sarvants, and
+transports them to Virginia, wher he puts them of at good rates, selling
+their time to other men; and writs back to one M^r. Rassdall, one of his
+cheefe partners, and accounted their marchant, to bring another parte of
+them to Verginia likewise, intending to put them of ther as he had done
+y^e rest. And he, w^th y^e consente of y^e said Rasdall, appoynted one
+Fitcher to be his Livetenante, and governe y^e remaines of y^e
+plantation, till he or Rasdall returned to take further order
+theraboute. But this Morton abovesaid, haveing more craft then honestie,
+(who had been a kind of petie-fogger, of Furnefells Inne,) in y^e others
+absence, watches an oppertunitie, (commons being but hard amongst them,)
+and gott some strong drinck & other junkats, & made them a feast; and
+after they were merie, he begane to tell them, he would give them good
+counsell. You see (saith he) that many of your fellows are carried to
+Virginia; and if you stay till this Rasdall returne, you will also be
+carried away and sould for slaves with y^e rest. Therfore I would
+advise you to thruste out this Levetenant Fitcher; and I, having a
+parte in the plantation, will receive you as my partners and consociats;
+so may you be free from service, and we will converse, trad, plante, &
+live togeather as equalls, & supporte & protecte one another, or to like
+effecte. This counsell was easily received; so they tooke oppertunitie,
+and thrust Levetenante Fitcher out a dores, and would suffer him to come
+no more amongst them, but forct him to seeke bread to eate, and other
+releefe from his neigbours, till he could gett passages for England.
+After this they fell to great licenciousnes, and led a dissolute life,
+powering out them selves into all profanenes. And Morton became lord of
+misrule, and maintained (as it were) a schoole of Athisme. And after
+they had gott some good into their hands, and gott much by trading with
+y^e Indeans, they spent it as vainly, in quaffing & drinking both wine &
+strong waters in great exsess, and, as some reported, 10^li. worth in a
+morning. They allso set up a May-pole, drinking and dancing aboute it
+many days togeather, inviting the Indean women, for their consorts,
+dancing and frisking togither, (like so many fairies, or furies rather,)
+and worse practises. As if they had anew revived & celebrated the feasts
+of y^e Roman Goddes Flora, or y^e beasly practieses of y^e madd
+Bacchinalians. Morton likwise (to shew his poetrie) composed sundry
+rimes & verses, some tending to lasciviousnes, and others to y^e
+detraction & scandall of some persons, which he affixed to this idle or
+idoll May-polle. They chainged allso the name of their place, and in
+stead of calling it Mounte Wollaston, they call it Merie-mounte, [160]
+as if this joylity would have lasted ever. But this continued not long,
+for after Morton was sent for England, (as follows to be declared,)
+shortly after came over that worthy gentlman, M^r. John Indecott, who
+brought over a patent under y^e broad seall, for y^e govermente of y^e
+Massachusets, who visiting those parts caused y^t May-polle to be cutt
+downe, and rebuked them for their profannes, and admonished them to
+looke ther should be better walking; so they now, or others, changed y^e
+name of their place againe, and called it Mounte-Dagon.
+
+Now to maintaine this riotous prodigallitie and profuse excess, Morton,
+thinking him selfe lawless, and hearing what gaine y^e French &
+fisher-men made by trading of peeces, powder, & shotte to y^e Indeans,
+he, as y^e head of this consortship, begane y^e practise of y^e same in
+these parts; and first he taught them how to use them, to charge, &
+discharg, and what proportion of powder to give y^e peece, according to
+y^e sise or bignes of y^e same; and what shotte to use for foule, and
+what for deare. And having thus instructed them, he imployed some of
+them to hunte & fowle for him, so as they became farr more active in
+that imploymente then any of y^e English, by reason of ther swiftnes of
+foote, & nimblnes of body, being also quick-sighted, and by continuall
+exercise well knowing y^e hants of all sorts of game. So as when they
+saw y^e execution that a peece would doe, and y^e benefite that might
+come by y^e same, they became madd, as it were, after them, and would
+not stick to give any prise they could attaine too for them; accounting
+their bowes & arrowes but bables in comparison of them.
+
+And here I may take occasion to bewaile y^e mischefe that this wicked
+man began in these parts, and which since base covetousnes prevailing in
+men that should know better, has now at length gott y^e upper hand, and
+made this thing co[=m]one, notwithstanding any laws to y^e contrary; so
+as y^e Indeans are full of peeces all over, both fouling peeces,
+muskets, pistols, &c. They have also their moulds to make shotte, of all
+sorts, as muskett bulletts, pistoll bullets, swane & gose shote, & of
+smaler sorts; yea, some have seen them have their scruplats to make
+scrupins them selves, when they wante them, with sundery other
+implements, wherwith they are ordinarily better fited & furnished then
+y^e English them selves. Yea, it is well knowne that they will have
+powder & shot, when the English want it, nor cannot gett it; and y^t in
+a time of warr or danger, as experience hath manifested, that when lead
+hath been scarce, and men for their owne defence would gladly have given
+a groat a l which is dear enoughe, yet hath it bene bought up & sent to
+other places, and sould to shuch as trade it with y^e Indeans, at 12.
+pence y^e li.; and it is like they give 3. or 4.^s y^e pound, for they
+will have it at any rate. And these things have been done in y^e same
+times, when some of their neigbours & freinds are daly killed by y^e
+Indeans, or are in deanger therof, and live but at y^e Indeans mercie.
+[161] Yea, some (as they have aquainted them with all other things) have
+tould them how gunpowder is made, and all y^e materialls in it, and that
+they are to be had in their owne land; and I am confidente, could they
+attaine to make saltpeter, they would teach them to make powder. O the
+horiblnes of this vilanie! how many both Dutch & English have been latly
+slaine by those Indeans, thus furnished; and no remedie provided, nay,
+y^e evill more increased, and y^e blood of their brethren sould for
+gaine, as is to be feared; and in what danger all these colonies are in
+is too well known. Oh! that princes & parlements would take some timly
+order to prevente this mischeefe, and at length to suppress it, by some
+exemplerie punishmente upon some of these gaine thirstie murderers, (for
+they deserve no better title,) before their collonies in these parts be
+over throwne by these barbarous savages, thus armed with their owne
+weapons, by these evill instruments, and traytors to their neigbors and
+cuntrie. But I have forgott my selfe, and have been to longe in this
+digression; but now to returne. This Morton having thus taught them y^e
+use of peeces, he sould them all he could spare; and he and his consorts
+detirmined to send for many out of England, and had by some of y^e ships
+sente for above a score. The which being knowne, and his neigbours
+meeting y^e Indeans in y^e woods armed with guns in this sorte, it was a
+terrour unto them, who lived straglingly, and were of no strenght in any
+place. And other places (though more remote) saw this mischeefe would
+quietly spread over all, if not prevented. Besides, they saw they should
+keep no servants, for Morton would entertaine any, how vile soever, and
+all y^e scume of y^e countrie, or any discontents, would flock to him
+from all places, if this nest was not broken; and they should stand in
+more fear of their lives & goods (in short time) from this wicked &
+deboste crue, then from y^e salvages them selves.
+
+So sundrie of y^e cheefe of y^e stragling plantations, meeting togither,
+agreed by mutuall consente to sollissite those of Plimoth (who were then
+of more strength then them all) to joyne with them, to prevente y^e
+further grouth of this mischeefe, and suppress Morton & his consortes
+before y^ey grewe to further head and strength. Those that joyned in
+this acction (and after contributed to the charge of sending him for
+England) were from Pascataway, Namkeake, Winisimett, Weesagascusett,
+Natasco, and other places wher any English were seated. Those of Plimoth
+being thus sought too by their messengers & letters, and waying both
+their reasons, and the co[=m]one danger, were willing to afford them
+their help; though them selves had least cause of fear or hurte. So, to
+be short, they first resolved joyntly to write to him, and in a freindly
+& neigborly way to admonish him to forbear these courses, & sent a
+messenger with their letters to bring his answer. But he was so highe as
+he scorned all advise, and asked who had to doe with him; he had and
+would trade peeces with y^e Indeans in dispite of all, with many other
+scurillous termes full of disdaine. They sente to him a second time, and
+bad him be better advised, and more temperate in his termes, for y^e
+countrie could not beare y^e injure he did; it was against their comone
+saftie, and against y^e king's proclamation. He answerd in high terms as
+before, and that y^e kings proclamation was no law; demanding what
+penaltie was upon it. It was answered, more then he could [162] bear,
+his majesties displeasure. But insolently he persisted, and said y^e
+king was dead and his displeasure with him, & many y^e like things; and
+threatened withall that if any came to molest him, let them looke to
+them selves, for he would prepare for them. Upon which they saw ther was
+no way but to take him by force; and having so farr proceeded, now to
+give over would make him farr more hautie & insolente. So they mutually
+resolved to proceed, and obtained of y^e Gov^r of Plimoth to send
+Captaine Standish, & some other aide with him, to take Morton by force.
+The which accordingly was done; but they found him to stand stifly in
+his defence, having made fast his dors, armed his consorts, set diverse
+dishes of powder & bullets ready on y^e table; and if they had not been
+over armed with drinke, more hurt might have been done. They so[=m]aned
+him to yeeld, but he kept his house, and they could gett nothing but
+scofes & scorns from him; but at length, fearing they would doe some
+violence to y^e house, he and some of his crue came out, but not to
+yeeld, but to shoote; but they were so steeld with drinke as their
+peeces were to heavie for them; him selfe with a carbine (over charged &
+allmost halfe fild with powder & shote, as was after found) had thought
+to have shot Captaine Standish; but he stept to him, & put by his peece,
+& tooke him. Neither was ther any hurte done to any of either side, save
+y^t one was so drunke y^t he rane his owne nose upon y^e pointe of a
+sword y^t one held before him as he entred y^e house; but he lost but a
+litle of his hott blood. Morton they brought away to Plimoth, wher he
+was kepte, till a ship went from y^e Ile of Shols for England, with
+which he was sente to y^e Counsell of New-England; and letters writen to
+give them information of his course & cariage; and also one was sent at
+their co[=m]one charge to informe their Ho^rs more perticulerly, & to
+prosecute against him. But he foold of y^e messenger, after he was gone
+from hence, and though he wente for England, yet nothing was done to
+him, not so much as rebukte, for ought was heard; but returned y^e nexte
+year. Some of y^e worst of y^e company were disperst, and some of y^e
+more modest kepte y^e house till he should be heard from. But I have
+been too long aboute so un-worthy a person, and bad a cause.
+
+This year M^r. Allerton brought over a yonge man for a minister to y^e
+people hear, wheather upon his owne head, or at y^e motion of some
+freinds ther, I well know not, but it was without y^e churches sending;
+for they had bene so bitten by M^r. Lyford, as they desired to know y^e
+person well whom they should invite amongst them. His name was M^r.
+Rogers; but they perceived, upon some triall, that he was crased in his
+braine; so they were faine to be at further charge to send him back
+againe y^e nexte year, and loose all y^e charge that was expended in his
+hither bringing, which was not smalle by M^r. Allerton's accounte, in
+provissions, aparell, bedding, &c. After his returne he grue quite
+distracted, and M^r. Allerton was much blamed y^t he would bring such a
+man over, they having charge enough otherwise.
+
+M^r. Allerton, in y^e years before, had brought over some small quantie
+of goods, upon his owne perticuler, and sould them for his owne private
+benefite; which was more then any man had yet hithertoo attempted. But
+because he had other wise done them good service, and also he sould
+them among y^e people at y^e plantation, by which their wants were
+supplied, and he aledged it was the [163] love of M^r. Sherley and some
+other freinds that would needs trust him with some goods, conceiveing it
+might doe him some good, and none hurte, it was not much lookt at, but
+past over. But this year he brought over a greater quantitie, and they
+were so intermixte with y^e goods of y^e generall, as they knew not
+which were theirs, & w^ch was his, being pact up together; so as they
+well saw that, if any casualty had beefalne at sea, he might have laid
+y^e whole on them, if he would; for ther was no distinction. Allso what
+was most vendible, and would yeeld presente pay, usualy that was his;
+and he now begane allso to sell abroad to others of forine places,
+which, considering their co[=m]one course, they began to dislike. Yet
+because love thinkes no evill, nor is susspitious, they tooke his faire
+words for excuse, and resolved to send him againe this year for England;
+considering how well he had done y^e former bussines, and what good
+acceptation he had with their freinds ther; as also seeing sundry of
+their freinds from Leyden were sente for, which would or might be much
+furthered by his means. Againe, seeing the patente for Kenebeck must be
+inlarged, by reason of y^e former mistaks in the bounding of it, and it
+was conceived, in a maner, y^e same charge would serve to inlarge this
+at home with it, and he that had begane y^e former y^e last year would
+be y^e fittest to effecte this; so they gave him instructions and sente
+him for England this year againe. And in his instructions bound him to
+bring over no goods on their accounte, but 50^li. in hose & shoes, and
+some linen cloth, (as y^ey were bound by covenante when they tooke y^e
+trad;) also some trading goods to such a value; and in no case to exseed
+his instructions, nor ru[=n]e them into any further charge; he well
+knowing how their state stood. Also y^t he should so provide y^t their
+trading goods came over betimes, and what so ever was sent on their
+accounte should be pact up by it selfe, marked with their marke, and no
+other goods to be mixed with theirs. For so he prayed them to give him
+such instructions as they saw good, and he would folow them, to prevente
+any jellocie or farther offence, upon the former forementioned dislikes.
+And thus they conceived they had well provided for all things.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1629._
+
+M^r. Allerton safly arriving in England, and delivering his leters to
+their freinds their, and aquainting them with his instructions, found
+good acceptation with them, and they were very forward & willing to
+joyne with them in y^e partnership of trade, & in y^e charge to send
+over y^e Leyden people; a company wherof were allready come out of
+Holand, and prepared to come over, and so were sent away before M^r.
+Allerton could be ready to come. They had passage with y^e ships that
+came to Salem, that brought over many godly persons to begine y^e
+plantations & churches of Christ ther, & in y^e Bay of Massachussets; so
+their long stay & keeping back [164] was recompensed by y^e Lord to ther
+freinds here with a duble blessing, in that they not only injoyed them
+now beyond ther late expectation, (when all their hops seemed to be cutt
+of,) but, with them, many more godly freinds & Christian breethren, as
+y^e begining of a larger harvest unto y^e Lord, in y^e increase of his
+churches & people in these parts, to y^e admiration of many, and allmost
+wonder of y^e world; that of so small beginings so great things should
+insue, as time after manifested; and that here should be a resting place
+for so many of y^e Lords people, when so sharp a scourge came upon their
+owne nation. But it was y^e Lords doing, & it ought to be marvellous in
+our eyes.
+
+But I shall hear inserte some of their freinds letters, which doe best
+expresse their owne minds in these thir proceedings.
+
+_A leter of M^r. Sherleys to y^e Gov^r._
+
+  May 25, 1629.[CJ]
+
+  S^r: &c. Here are now many of your and our freinds from Leyden coming
+  over, who, though for y^e most parte be but a weak company, yet herein
+  is a good parte of that end obtained which was aimed at, and which
+  hath been so strongly opposed by some of our former adventurers. But
+  God hath his working in these things, which man cannot frustrate. With
+  them we have allso sent some servants in y^e ship called the Talbut,
+  that wente hence latly; but these come in y^e May-flower. M^r.
+  Beachamp & my selfe, with M^r. Andrews & M^r. Hatherly, are, with your
+  love and liking, joyned partners with you, &c.
+
+
+  Your deputation we have received, and y^e goods have been taken up &
+  sould by your friend & agente, M^r. Allerton, my selfe having bine
+  nere 3. months in Holland, at Amsterdam & other parts in y^e
+  Low-Countries. I see further the agreemente you have made with y^e
+  generallitie, in which I cannot understand but you have done very
+  well, both for them & you, and also for your freinds at Leyden. M^r.
+  Beachamp, M^r. Andrews, M^r. Hatherley, & my selfe, doe so like and
+  approve of it, as we are willing to joyne with you, and, God directing
+  and inabling us, will be assisting and helpfull to you, y^e best y^t
+  possiblie we can. Nay, had you not taken this course, I doe not see
+  how you should accomplish y^e end you first aimed at, and some others
+  indevored these years past. We know it must keep us from y^e profite,
+  which otherwise by y^e blessing of God and your indeaours, might be
+  gained; for most of those that came in May, & these now sente, though
+  I hope honest & good people, yet not like to be helpfull to raise
+  profite, but rather, ney, certaine must, some while, be chargable to
+  you & us; at which it is lickly, had not this wise & discreete course
+  been taken, many of your generalitie would have grudged. Againe, you
+  say well in your letter, and I make no doubte but you will performe
+  it, that now being but a few, on whom y^e burthen must be, you will
+  both menage it y^e beter, and sett too it more cherfully, haveing no
+  discontente nor contradiction, but so lovingly to joyne togeither, in
+  affection and counsell, as God no doubte will blesse and prosper your
+  honest labours & indeavors. And therfore in all respects I doe not see
+  but you have done marvelously discreetly, & advisedly, and no doubt
+  but it gives all parties good contente; I mean y^t are reasonable &
+  honest men, such as make conscience of giving y^e best satisfaction
+  they be able for their debts, and y^t regard not their owne perticuler
+  so much as y^e accomplishing of y^t good end for which this bussines
+  was first intended, &c. Thus desiring y^e Lord to blese & prosper you,
+  & all yours, and all our honest endeavors, I rest
+
+  Your unfained & ever loving friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Lon: March 8. 1629.[CK]
+
+
+[165] That I may handle things together, I have put these 2. companies
+that came from Leyden in this place; though they came at 2. severall
+times, yet they both came out of England this year. The former company,
+being 35. persons, were shiped in May, and arived here aboute August.
+The later were shiped in y^e begining of March, and arived hear y^e
+later end of May, 1630. M^r. Sherleys 2. letters, y^e effect wherof I
+have before related, (as much of them as is pertinente,) mentions both.
+Their charge, as M^r. Allerton brought it in afterwards on accounte,
+came to above 550^li. besids ther fetching hither from Salem & y^e Bay,
+wher they and their goods were landed; viz. their transportation from
+Holland to England, & their charges lying ther, and passages hither,
+with clothing provided for them. For I find by accounte for y^e one
+company, 125. yeards of karsey, 127. ellons of linen cloath, shoes, 66.
+[p=]^r, with many other perticulers. The charge of y^e other company is
+reckoned on y^e severall families, some 50^li., some 40^li., some
+30^li., and so more or less, as their number & expencess were. And
+besids all this charg, their freinds & bretheren here were to provid
+corne & other provissions for them, till they could reap a crope which
+was long before. Those that came in May were thus maintained upward of
+16. or 18. months, before they had any harvest of their owne, & y^e
+other by proportion. And all they could doe in y^e mean time was to gett
+them some housing, and prepare them grounds to plant on, against the
+season. And this charg of maintaining them all this while was litle less
+then y^e former sume. These things I note more perticulerly, for sundry
+regards. First, to shew a rare example herein of brotherly love, and
+Christian care in performing their promises and covenants to their
+bretheren, too, & in a sorte beyonde their power; that they should
+venture so desperatly to ingage them selves to accomplish this thing,
+and bear it so cheerfully; for they never demanded, much less had, any
+repaymente of all these great sumes thus disbursed. 2^ly. It must needs
+be that ther was more then of man in these acheevements, that should
+thus readily stire up y^e harts of shuch able frinds to joyne in
+partnership with them in shuch a case, and cleave so faithfullie to them
+as these did, in so great adventures; and the more because the most of
+them never saw their faces to this day; ther being neither kindred,
+aliance, or other acquaintance or relations betweene any of them, then
+hath been before mentioned; it must needs be therfore the spetiall worke
+and hand of God. 3^ly. That these poore people here in a wilderness
+should, notwithstanding, be inabled in time to repay all these
+ingagments, and many more unjustly brought upon them through the
+unfaithfullnes of some, and many other great losses which they
+sustained, which will be made manifest, if y^e Lord be pleased to give
+life and time. In y^e mean time, I cannot but admire his ways and workes
+towards his servants, and humbly desire to blesse his holy name for his
+great mercies hithertoo.
+
+[166] The Leyden people being thus come over, and sundry of y^e
+generalitie seeing & hearing how great y^e charg was like to be that was
+that way to be expended, they begane to murmure and repine at it,
+notwithstanding y^e burden lay on other mens shoulders; espetially at
+y^e paying of y^e 3. bushells of corne a year, according to y^e former
+agreemente, when y^e trad was lett for y^e 6. years aforesaid. But to
+give them contente herein allso, it was promised them, that if they
+could doe it in y^e time without it, they would never demand it of them;
+which gave them good contente. And indeed it never was paid, as will
+appeare by y^e sequell.
+
+Concerning M^r. Allertons proceedings about y^e inlarging & confirming
+of their patent, both y^t at home & Kenebeck, will best appere by
+another leter of M^r. Sherleys; for though much time & money was
+expended aboute it, yet he left it unaccomplisht this year, and came
+without it. See M^r. Sherleys letter.
+
+  Most worthy & loving freinds, &c.
+
+  Some of your letters I received in July, & some since by M^r. Peirce,
+  but till our maine bussines, y^e patent, was granted, I could not
+  setle my mind nor pen to writing. M^r. Allerton was so turrmoyled
+  about it, as verily I would not nor could not have undergone it, if I
+  might have had a thousand pounds; but y^e Lord so blessed his labours
+  (even beyond expectation in these evill days) as he obtained y^e love
+  & favore of great men in repute & place. He got granted from y^e Earle
+  of Warwick & S^r. Ferdinando Gorge all that M^r. Winslow desired in
+  his letters to me, & more also, which I leave to him to relate. Then
+  he sued to y^e king to confirme their grante, and to make you a
+  corporation, and so to inable you to make & execute lawes, in such
+  large & ample maner as y^e Massachusett plantation hath it; which y^e
+  king graciously granted, referring it to y^e Lord Keeper to give order
+  to y^e solisiter to draw it up, if ther were a presidente for it. So
+  y^e Lord Keeper furthered it all he could, and allso y^e solissiter;
+  but as Festus said to Paule, With no small sume of money obtained I
+  this freedom; for by y^e way many ridells must be resolved, and many
+  locks must be opened with y^e silver, ney, y^e golden key. Then it was
+  to come to y^e Lord Treasurer, to have his warrente for freeing y^e
+  custume for a certaine time; but be would not doe it, but refferd it
+  to y^e Counsell table. And ther M^r. Allerton atended day by day, when
+  they sate, but could not gett his petition read. And by reason of M^r.
+  Peirce his staying with all y^e passengers at Bristoll, he was forct
+  to leave y^e further prosecuting of it to a solissiter. But ther is no
+  fear nor doubte but it will be granted, for he hath y^e cheefe of them
+  to freind; yet it will be marvelously needfull for him to returne by
+  y^e first ship y^t comes from thence; for if you had this confirmed,
+  then were you compleate, and might bear such sway & goverment as were
+  fitt for your ranke & place y^t God hath called you unto; and stope
+  y^e moueths of base and scurrulous fellowes, y^t are ready to question
+  & threaten you in every action you [167] doe. And besids, if you have
+  y^e custome free for 7. years inward, & 21. outward, y^e charge of y^e
+  patent will be soone recovered, and ther is no fear of obtaining[CL]
+  it. But such things must work by degrees; men cannot hasten it as they
+  would; werefore we (I write in behalfe of all our partners here)
+  desire you to be ernest with M^r. Allerton to come, and his wife to
+  spare him this one year more, to finish this great & waighty bussines,
+  which we conceive will be much for your good, & I hope for your
+  posteritie, and for many generations to come.
+
+Thus much of this letter. It was dated y^e 19. March, 1629.
+
+By which it appears what progress was made herein, & in part what charge
+it was, and how left unfinished, and some reason of y^e same; but in
+truth (as was afterwards appehended) the meaine reason was M^r.
+Allerton's policie, to have an opportunitie to be sent over againe, for
+other regards; and for that end procured them thus to write. For it
+might then well enough have been finshed, if not with y^t clause aboute
+y^e custumes, which was M^r. Allertons & M^r. Sherleys device, and not
+at all thought on by y^e colony here, nor much regarded, yet it might
+have been done without it, without all queston, having passed y^e kings
+hand; nay it was conceived it might then have beene done with it, if he
+had pleased; but covetousnes never brings ought home, as y^e proverb is,
+for this oppertunytie being lost, it was never accomplished, but a great
+deale of money veainly & lavishly cast away aboute it, as doth appear
+upon their accounts. But of this more in its place.
+
+M^r. Alerton gave them great and just ofence in this (which I had
+omited[CM] and almost forgotten),--in bringing over this year, for base
+gaine, that unworthy man, and instrumente of mischeefe, Morton, who was
+sent home but y^e year before for his misdemenors. He not only brought
+him over, but to y^e towne (as it were to nose them), and lodged him at
+his owne house, and for a while used him as a scribe to doe his
+bussines, till he was caused to pack him away. So he wente to his old
+nest in y^e Massachusets, wher it was not long but by his miscariage he
+gave them just occation to lay hands on him; and he was by them againe
+sent prisoner into England, wher he lay a good while in Exeter Jeole.
+For besids his miscariage here, he was vemently suspected for y^e murder
+of a man that had adventured moneys with him, when he came first into
+New-England. And a warrente was sente from y^e Lord Cheefe Justice to
+apprehend him, by vertue wherof he was by the Gov^r of y^e Massachusets
+sent into England; and for other his misdemenors amongst them, they
+demolisht his house, that it might be no longer a roost for shuch
+unclaine birds to nestle in. Yet he got free againe, and write an
+infamouse & scurillous booke against many godly & cheefe men of y^e
+cuntrie; full of lyes & slanders, and fraight with profane callumnies
+against their names and persons, and y^e ways of God. After sundry
+years, when y^e warrs were hott in England, he came againe into y^e
+cuntrie, and was imprisoned at Boston for this booke and other things,
+being grown old in wickednes.
+
+Concerning y^e rest of M^r. Allertons instructions, in which they
+strictly injoyned him not to exceed above y^t 50^li. in y^e goods before
+mentioned, not to bring any but trading co[=m]odities, he followed them
+not at all, but did the quite contrarie; bringing over many other sorts
+of retaile goods, selling what he could by the way on his owne accounte,
+and delivering the rest, which he said to be theirs, into y^e store; and
+for trading goods brought but litle in comparison; excusing the matter,
+they had laid out much about y^e Laiden people, & patent, &c. And for
+other goods, they had much of them of ther owne dealings, without
+present disbursemente, & to like effect. And as for passing his bounds &
+instructions, he laid it on M^r. Sherley, &c., who, he said, they might
+see his mind in his leters; also that they had sett out Ashley at great
+charg; but next year they should have what trading goods they would send
+for, if things were now well setled, &c. And thus were they put off;
+indeed M^r. Sherley write things tending this way, but it is like he was
+overruled by M^r. Allerton, and harkened more to him then to their
+letters from hence.
+
+Thus he further writs in y^e former leter.
+
+  I see what you write in your leters concerning y^e over-co[=m]ing &
+  paying of our debts, which I confess are great, and had need be
+  carfully looked unto; yet no doubt but we, joyning in love, may soone
+  over-come them; but we must follow it roundly & to purposs, for if we
+  pedle out y^e time of our trad, others will step in and nose us. But
+  we know y^t you have y^t aquaintance & experience in y^e countrie, as
+  none have the like; wherfore, freinds & partners, be no way
+  discouraged with y^e greatnes of y^e debt, &c., but let us not fulfill
+  y^e proverbe, to bestow 12^d. on a purse, and put 6^d. [168] in it;
+  but as you and we have been at great charg, and undergone much for
+  setling you ther, and to gaine experience, so as God shall enable us,
+  let us make use of it. And think not with 50^li. pound a yeare sent
+  you over, to rayse shuch means as to pay our debts. We see a
+  possibillitie of good if you be well supplied, and fully furnished;
+  and cheefly if you lovingly agree. I know I write to godly and wise
+  men, such as have lerned to bear one an others infirmities, and
+  rejoyce at any ones prosperities; and if I were able I would press
+  this more, because it is hoped by some of your enimies, that you will
+  fall out one with another, and so over throw your hopfull bussines.
+  Nay, I have heard it crediblie reported, y^t some have said, that till
+  you be disjoynted by discontents & factions[CN] amongst your sellves,
+  it bootes not any to goe over, in hope of getting or doing good in
+  those parts. But we hope beter things of you, and that you will not
+  only bear one with another, but banish such thoughts, and not suffer
+  them to lodg in your brests. God grant you may disappointe y^e hopes
+  of your foes, and procure y^e hartie desire of your selves & freinds
+  in this perticuler.
+
+By this it appears that ther was a kind of concurrance betweene M^r.
+Allerton and them in these things, and that they gave more regard to his
+way & course in these things, then to y^e advise from hence; which made
+him bould to presume above his instructions, and to rune on in y^e
+course he did, to their greater hurt afterwards, as will appear. These
+things did much trouble them hear, but they well knew not how to help
+it, being loath to make any breach or contention hear aboute; being so
+premonished as before in y^e leter above recited. An other more secrete
+cause was herewith concurrente; M^r. Allerton had maried y^e daughter of
+their Reverend Elder, M^r. Brewster (a man beloved & honoured amongst
+them, and who tooke great paines in teaching & dispenceing y^e word of
+God unto them), whom they were loath to greeve or any way offend, so as
+they bore with much in that respecte. And with all M^r. Allerton carried
+so faire with him, and procured such leters from M^r. Sherley to him,
+with shuch applause of M^r. Allertons wisdom, care, and faithfullnes, in
+y^e bussines; and as things stood none were so fitte to send aboute them
+as he; and if any should suggest other wise, it was rather out of envie,
+or some other sinister respecte then other wise. Besids, though private
+gaine, I doe perswade my selfe, was some cause to lead M^r. Allerton
+aside in these beginings, yet I thinke, or at least charitie caries me
+to hope, that he intended to deale faithfully with them in y^e maine,
+and had such an opinion of his owne abillitie, and some experience of
+y^e benefite that he had made in this singuler way, as he conceived he
+might both raise him selfe an estate, and allso be a means to bring in
+such profite to M^r. Sherley, (and it may be y^e rest,) as might be as
+lickly to bring in their moneys againe with advantage, and it may be
+sooner then from the generall way; or at least it was looked upon by
+some of them to be a good help ther unto; and that neither he nor any
+other did intend to charge y^e generall accounte with any thing that
+rane in perticuler; or y^t M^r. Sherley or any other did purposs but y^t
+y^e generall should be first & fully supplyed. I say charitie makes me
+thus conceive; though things fell out other wise, and they missed of
+their aimes, and y^e generall suffered abundantly hereby, as will
+afterwards apear.
+
+[169] Togeither herewith sorted an other bussines contrived by M^r.
+Allerton and them ther, w^{th}out any knowledg of y^e partners, and so
+farr proceeded in as they were constrained to allow therof, and joyne in
+y^e same, though they had no great liking of it, but feared what might
+be y^e evente of y^e same. I shall relate it in a further part of M^r.
+Sherley's leter as foloweth.
+
+  I am to aquainte you that we have thought good to joyne with one
+  Edward Ashley (a man I thinke y^t some of you know); but it is only of
+  y^t place wherof he hath a patente in M^r. Beachamps name; and to that
+  end have furnished him with larg provissions, &c. Now if you please to
+  be partners with us in this, we are willing you shall; for after we
+  heard how forward Bristoll men (and as I hear some able men of his
+  owne kindrid) have been to stock & supply him, hoping of profite, we
+  thought it fitter for us to lay hould of such an opportunitie, and to
+  keep a kind of ru[=n]ing plantation, then others who have not borne
+  y^e burthen of setling a plantation, as we have done. And he, on y^e
+  other side, like an understanding yonge man, thought it better to
+  joyne with those y^t had means by a plantation to supply & back him
+  ther, rather then strangers, that looke but only after profite. Now it
+  is not knowne that you are partners with him; but only we 4., M^r.
+  Andrews, M^r. Beachamp, my selfe, & M^r. Hatherley, who desired to
+  have y^e patente, in consideration of our great loss we have allready
+  sustained in setling y^e first plantation ther; so we agreed togeather
+  to take it in our names. And now, as I said before, if you please to
+  joyne with us, we are willing you should. M^r. Allerton had no power
+  from you to make this new contracte, neither was he willing to doe any
+  thing therin without your consente & approbation. M^r. William Peirce
+  is joyned with us in this, for we thought it very conveniente, because
+  of landing Ashley and his goods ther, if God please; and he will bend
+  his course accordingly. He hath a new boate with him, and boards to
+  make another, with 4. or 5. lustie fellowes, wherof one is a
+  carpenter. Now in case you are not willing in this perticuler to joyne
+  with us, fearing y^e charge & doubting y^e success, yet thus much we
+  intreate of you, to afford him all the help you can, either by men,
+  commodities, or boats; yet not but y^t we will pay you for any thing
+  he hath. And we desire you to keep y^e accounts apart, though you
+  joyne with us; becase ther is, as you see, other partners in this then
+  y^e other; so, for all mens wages, boats-hire, or comodities, which we
+  shall have of you, make him debtore for it; and what you shall have of
+  him, make y^e plantation or your selves debtore for it to him, and so
+  ther will need no mingling of y^e accounts.
+
+  And now, loving freinds & partners, if you joyne in Ashles patent &
+  bussines, though we have laid out y^e money and taken up much to stock
+  this bussines & the other, yet I thinke it conscionable and reasonable
+  y^t you should beare your shares and proportion of y^e stock, if not
+  by present money, yet by securing us for so much as it shall come too;
+  for it is not barly y^e interest that is to be alowed & considered of,
+  but allso y^e adventure; though I hope in God, by his blessing & your
+  honest indeavors, it may soon be payed; yet y^e years y^t this
+  partnership holds is not long, nor many; let all therfore lay it to
+  harte, and make y^e best use of y^e time that possiblie we cann, and
+  let every man put too his shoulder, and y^e burthen will be the
+  lighter. I know you are so honest & conscionable men, as you will
+  consider hereof, [170] and returne shuch an answer as may give good
+  satisfaction. Ther is none of us that would venture as we have done,
+  were it not to strengthen & setle you more then our owne perticuler
+  profite.
+
+  Ther is no liclyhood of doing any good in buying y^e debte for y^e
+  purchas. I know some will not abate y^e interest, and therfore let it
+  rune its course; they are to be paied yearly, and so I hope they
+  shall, according to agreemente. The Lord grant y^t our loves &
+  affections may still be united, and knit togeither; and so we rest
+  your ever loving friends,
+
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+  TIMOTHY HATHERLEY.
+
+  Bristoll, March 19. 1629.
+
+
+This mater of y^e buying y^e debts of y^e purchass was parte of M^r.
+Allertons instructions, and in many of them it might have been done to
+good profite for ready pay (as some were); but M^r. Sherley had no mind
+to it. But this bussines aboute Ashley did not a litle trouble them; for
+though he had wite & abillitie enough to menage y^e bussines, yet some
+of them knew him to be a very profane yonge man; and he had for some
+time lived amonge y^e Indeans as a savage, & wente naked amongst them,
+and used their maners (in w^{ch} time he got their language), so they
+feared he might still rune into evill courses (though he promised
+better), and God would not prosper his ways. As soone as he was landed
+at y^e place intended, caled Penobscote, some 4 score leagues from this
+place, he write (& afterwards came) for to desire to be supplyed with
+Wampampeake, corne against winter, and other things. They considered
+these were of their cheefe co[=m]odities, and would be continually
+needed by him, and it would much prejudice their owne trade at Kenebeck
+if they did not joyne with him in y^e ordering of things, if thus they
+should supply him; and on y^e other hand, if they refused to joyne with
+him, and allso to afford any supply unto him, they should greatly offend
+their above named friends, and might hapily lose them hereby; and he and
+M^r. Allerton, laying their craftie wits togither, might gett supplies
+of these things els wher; besids, they considered that if they joyned
+not in y^e bussines, they knew M^r. Allerton would be with them in it, &
+so would swime, as it were, betweene both, to y^e prejudice of boath,
+but of them selves espetially. For they had reason to thinke this
+bussines was cheefly of his contriving, and Ashley was a man fitte for
+his turne and dealings. So they, to prevente a worse mischeefe, resolved
+to joyne in y^e bussines, and gave him supplies in what they could, &
+overlooked his proceedings as well as they could; the which they did y^e
+better, by joyning an honest yonge man,[CO] that came from Leyden, with
+him as his fellow (in some sorte), and not merely as a servante. Which
+yonge man being discreete, and one whom they could trust, they so
+instructed as keept Ashley in some good mesure within bounds. And so
+they returned their answer to their freinds in England, that they
+accepted of their motion, and joyned with them in Ashleys bussines; and
+yet withall tould them what their fears were concerning him.
+
+But when they came to have full notice of all y^e goods brought them
+that year, they saw they fell very short of trading goods, and Ashley
+farr better suppleyed then [171] themselves; so as they were forced to
+buy of the fisher men to furnish them selves, yea, & cottens & carseys &
+other such like cloath (for want of trading cloath) of M^r. Allerton
+himselfe, and so to put away a great parte of their beaver, at under
+rate, in the countrie, which they should have sente home, to help to
+discharge their great ingagementes; which was to their great vexation;
+but M^r. Allerton prayed them to be contente, and y^e nexte yere they
+might have what they would write for. And their ingagmentes of this year
+were great indeed when they came to know them, (which was not wholy till
+2. years after); and that which made them y^e more, M^r. Allerton had
+taken up some large su[=m]es at Bristoll at 50. [p=]^r cent. againe,
+which he excused, that he was forcte to it, because other wise he could
+at y^e spring of year get no goods transported, such were their envie
+against their trade. But wheither this was any more then an excuse, some
+of them doubted; but however, y^e burden did lye on their backs, and
+they must bear it, as they did many heavie loads more in y^e end.
+
+This paying of 50. p^r cent. and dificulty of having their goods
+tr[=a]sported by the fishing ships at y^e first of y^e year, (as was
+beleeved,) which was y^e cheefe season for trade, put them upon another
+projecte. M^r. Allerton, after y^e fishing season was over, light of a
+bargan of salte, at a good fishing place, and bought it; which came to
+aboute 113^li.; and shortly after he might have had 30^li. cleare
+profite for it, without any more trouble aboute it. But M^r. Winslow
+coming that way from Kenebeck, & some other of ther partners with him in
+y^e barke, they mett with M^r. Allerton, and falling into discourse with
+him, they stayed him from selling y^e salte; and resolved, if it might
+please y^e rest, to keep it for them selves, and to hire a ship in y^e
+west cuntrie to come on fishing for them, on shares, according to y^e
+coustome; and seeing she might have her salte here ready, and a stage
+ready builte & fitted wher the salt lay safely landed & housed. In stead
+of bringing salte, they might stowe her full of trading goods, as bread,
+pease, cloth, &c., and so they might have a full supply of goods without
+paing fraight, and in due season, which might turne greatly to their
+advantage. Coming home, this was propounded, and considered on, and
+aproved by all but y^e Gov^r, who had no mind to it, seeing they had
+allway lost by fishing; but y^e rest were so ernest, as thinkeing that
+they might gaine well by y^e fishing in this way; and if they should but
+save, yea, or lose some thing by it, y^e other benefite would be
+advantage inough; so, seeing their ernestnes, he gave way, and it was
+referd to their freinds in England to alow, or disalow it. Of which more
+in its place.
+
+Upon y^e consideration of y^e bussines about y^e paten, & in what state
+it was left, as is before remembred, and M^r. Sherleys ernest pressing
+to have M^r. Allert[=o] to come over againe to finish it, & perfect y^e
+accounts, &c., it was concluded to send him over this year againe;
+though it was with some fear & jeolocie; yet he gave them fair words and
+promises of well performing all their bussineses according to their
+directions, and to mend his former errors. So he was accordingly sent
+with full instructions for all things, with large letters to M^r.
+Sherley & y^e rest, both aboute Ashleys bussines and their owne suply
+with trading comodities, and how much it did concerne them to be
+furnished therwith, & what y^e had suffered for wante therof; and of
+what litle use other goods were [172] in comparison therof; and so
+likewise aboute this fishing ship, to be thus hired, and fraught with
+trading goods, which might both supply them & Ashley, and y^e benefite
+therof; which was left to their consideration to hire & set her out, or
+not; but in no case not to send any, exepte she was thus fraighte with
+trading goods. But what these things came too will appere in y^e next
+years passages.
+
+I had like to have omited an other passage that fell out y^e begining of
+this year. Ther was one M^r. Ralfe Smith, & his wife & familie, y^t came
+over into y^e Bay of y^e Massachusets, and sojourned at presente with
+some stragling people that lived at Natascoe; here being a boat of this
+place putting in ther on some occasion, he ernestly desired that they
+would give him & his, passage for Plimoth, and some such things as they
+could well carrie; having before heard y^t ther was liklyhood he might
+procure house-roome for some time, till he should resolve to setle ther,
+if he might, or els-wher as God should disposs; for he was werie of
+being in y^t uncoth place, & in a poore house y^t would neither keep him
+nor his goods drie. So, seeing him to be a grave man, & understood he
+had been a minister, though they had no order for any such thing, yet
+they presumed and brought him. He was here accordingly kindly
+entertained & housed, & had y^e rest of his goods & servants sente for,
+and exercised his gifts amongst them, and afterwards was chosen into y^e
+ministrie, and so remained for sundrie years.
+
+It was before noted that sundry of those that came from Leyden, came
+over in the ships y^t came to Salem, wher M^r. Endecott had cheefe
+co[=m]and; and by infection that grue amonge y^e passengers at sea, it
+spread also among them a shore, of which many dyed, some of y^e
+scurvie, other of an infectious feaoure, which continued some time
+amongst them (though our people, through Gods goodnes, escaped it). Upon
+which occasion he write hither for some help, understanding here was one
+that had some skill y^t way, & had cured diverse of y^e scurvie, and
+others of other diseases, by letting blood, & other means. Upon which
+his request y^e Gov^r hear sent him unto them, and also write to him,
+from whom he received an answere; the which, because it is breefe, and
+shows y^e begining of their aquaintance, and closing in y^e truth & ways
+of God, I thought it not unmeete, nor without use, hear to inserte it;
+and an other showing y^e begining of their fellowship & church estate
+ther.
+
+Being as followeth.
+
+  Right worthy S^r:
+
+  It is a thing not usuall, that servants to one m^r and of y^e same
+  houshold should be strangers; I assure you I desire it not, nay, to
+  speake more plainly, I cannot be so to you. Gods people are all marked
+  with one and y^e same marke, and sealed with one and y^e same seale,
+  and have for y^e maine, one & y^e same harte, guided by one & same
+  spirite of truth; and wher this is, ther can be no discorde, nay, here
+  must needs be sweete harmonie. And y^e same request (with you) I make
+  unto y^e Lord, that we may, as Christian breethren, be united by a
+  heavenly & unfained love; bending all our harts and forces in
+  furthering a worke beyond our strength, with reverence & fear,
+  fastening our eyse allways on him that only is able to directe and
+  prosper all our ways. I acknowledge my selfe much bound to you for
+  your kind love and care in sending M^r. Fuller among us, and rejoyce
+  much y^t I am by him satisfied touching your judgments of y^e outward
+  forme of Gods worshipe. It is, as farr as [173] I can yet gather, no
+  other then is warrented by y^e evidence of truth, and y^e same which I
+  have proffessed and maintained ever since y^e Lord in mercie revealed
+  him selfe unto me; being farr from y^e commone reporte that hath been
+  spread of you touching that perticuler. But Gods children must not
+  looke for less here below, and it is y^e great mercie of God, that he
+  strengthens them to goe through with it. I shall not neede at this
+  time to be tedious unto you, for, God willing, I purpose to see your
+  face shortly. In y^e mean time, I humbly take my leave of you,
+  co[=m]iting you to y^e Lords blessed protection, & rest.
+
+  Your assured loving friend,
+  JO: ENDECOTT.
+
+  Naumkeak, May 11. An^o. 1629.
+
+
+This second leter sheweth ther proceedings in their church affaires at
+Salem, which was y^e 2. church erected in these parts; and afterwards
+y^e Lord established many more in sundrie places.
+
+  S^r: I make bould to trouble you with a few lines, for to certifie you
+  how it hath pleased God to deale with us, since you heard from us.
+  How, notwithstanding all opposition that hath been hear, & els wher,
+  it hath pleased God to lay a foundation, the which I hope is agreeable
+  to his word in every thing. The 20. of July, it pleased y^e Lord to
+  move y^e hart of our Gov^r to set it aparte for a solemne day of
+  humilliation for y^e choyce of a pastor & teacher. The former parte of
+  y^e day being spente in praier & teaching, the later parte aboute y^e
+  election, which was after this maner. The persons thought on (who had
+  been ministers in England) were demanded concerning their callings;
+  they acknowledged ther was a towfould calling, the one an inward
+  calling, when y^e Lord moved y^e harte of a man to take y^t calling
+  upon him, and fitted him with guiftes for y^e same; the second was an
+  outward calling, which was from y^e people, when a company of
+  beleevers are joyned togither in covenante, to walke togither in all
+  y^e ways of God, and every member (being men) are to have a free voyce
+  in y^e choyce of their officers, &c. Now, we being perswaded that
+  these 2. men were so quallified, as y^e apostle speaks to Timothy,
+  wher he saith, A bishop must be blamles, sober, apte to teach, &c., I
+  thinke I may say, as y^e eunuch said unto Philip, What should let from
+  being baptised, seeing ther was water? and he beleeved. So these 2.
+  servants of God, clearing all things by their answers, (and being thus
+  fitted,) we saw noe reason but we might freely give our voyces for
+  their election, after this triall. So M^r. Skelton was chosen pastor,
+  and M^r. Higgison to be teacher; and they accepting y^e choyce, M^r.
+  Higgison, with 3. or 4. of y^e gravest members of y^e church, laid
+  their hands on M^r. Skelton, using prayer therwith. This being done,
+  ther was imposission of hands on M^r. Higgison also. And since that
+  time, Thursday (being, as I take it, y^e 6. of August) is appoynted
+  for another day of humilliation, for y^e choyce of elders & deacons, &
+  ordaining of them.
+
+  And now, good S^r, I hope y^t you & y^e rest of Gods people (who are
+  aquainted with the ways of God) with you, will say that hear was a
+  right foundation layed, and that these 2. blessed servants of y^e Lord
+  came in at y^e dore, and not at y^e window. Thus I have made bould to
+  trouble you with these few lines, desiring you to remember us, &c. And
+  so rest,
+
+  At your service in what I may,
+  CHARLES GOTT.
+
+  Salem, July 30. 1629.
+
+[174] _Anno Dom_: 1630.
+
+Ashley, being well supplyed, had quickly gathered a good parcell of
+beaver, and like a crafty pate he sent it all home, and would not pay
+for y^e goods he had had of y^e plantation hear, but lett them stand
+still on y^e score, and tooke up still more. Now though they well enough
+knew his aime, yet they let him goe on, and write of it into England.
+But partly y^e beaver they received, & sould, (of which they weer
+sencible,) and partly by M^r. Allertons extolling of him, they cast more
+how to supplie him then y^e plantation, and something to upbraid them
+with it. They were forct to buy him a barke allso, and to furnish her
+w^th a m^r. & men, to transports his corne & provissions (of which he
+put of much); for y^e Indeans of those parts have no corne growing, and
+at harvest, after corne is ready, y^e weather grows foule, and y^e seas
+dangerous, so as he could doe litle good with his shallope for y^t
+purposs.
+
+They looked ernestly for a timely supply this spring, by the fishing
+ship which they expected, and had been at charg to keepe a stage for
+her; but none came, nor any supply heard of for them. At length they
+heard sume supply was sent to Ashley by a fishing ship, at which they
+something marvelled, and the more y^t they had no letters either from
+M^r. Allerton or M^r. Sherley; so they went on in their bussines as well
+as y^e could. At last they heard of M^r. Peirce his arivall in y^e Bay
+of y^e Massachusetts, who brought passengers & goods thither. They
+presently sent a shallop, conceiving they should have some thing by him.
+But he tould them he had none; and a ship was sett out on fishing, but
+after 11. weeks beating at sea, she mett with shuch foull weather as she
+was forcte back againe for England, and, y^e season being over, gave off
+y^e vioage. Neither did he hear of much goods in her for y^e plantation,
+or y^t she did belong to them, for he had heard some thing from M^r.
+Allerton tending that way. But M^r. Allerton had bought another ship,
+and was to come in her, and was to fish for bass to y^e eastward, and to
+bring goods, &c. These things did much trouble them, and half astonish
+them. M^r. Winslow haveing been to y^e eastward, brought nuese of the
+like things, w^th some more perticulers, and y^t it was like M^r.
+Allerton would be late before he came. At length they, having an
+oppertunitie, resolved to send M^r. Winslow, with what beaver they had
+ready, into England, to see how y^e squars wente, being very jeolouse of
+these things, & M^r. Allertons courses; and writ shuch leters, and gave
+him shuch instructions, as they thought meet; and if he found things not
+well, to discharge M^r. Allerton for being any longer agent for them, or
+to deal any more in y^e bussines, and to see how y^e accounts stood, &c.
+
+Aboute y^e midle of so[=m]er arrives M^r. Hatherley in y^e Bay of y^e
+Massachusetts, (being one of y^e partners,) and came over in y^e same
+ship that was set out on fhishing (called y^e Frendship). They presently
+sent to him, making no question but now they had goods come, and should
+know how all things stood. But they found [175] the former news true,
+how this ship had been so long at sea, and spente and spoyled her
+provissions, and overthrowne y^e viage. And he being sent over by y^e
+rest of y^e partners, to see how things wente hear, being at Bristoll
+with M^r. Allerton, in y^e shipe bought (called y^e White-Angell), ready
+to set sayle, over night came a messenger from Bastable to M^r.
+Allerton, and tould him of y^e returne of y^e ship, and what had
+befallen. And he not knowing what to doe, having a great chareg under
+hand, y^e ship lying at his rates, and now ready to set sayle, got him
+to goe and discharg y^e ship, and take order for y^e goods. To be short,
+they found M^r. Hatherley some thing reserved, and troubled in him
+selfe, (M^r. Allerton not being ther,) not knowing how to dispose of y^e
+goods till he came; but he heard he was arived with y^e other ship to
+y^e eastward, and expected his coming. But he tould them ther was not
+much for them in this ship, only 2. packs of Bastable ruggs, and 2.
+hoggsheads of meatheglin, drawne out in wooden flackets (but when these
+flackets came to be received, ther was left but 6. gallons of y^e 2.
+hogsheads, it being drunke up under y^e name leackage, and so lost).
+But the ship was filled with goods for sundrie gentlemen, & others,
+that were come to plant in y^e Massachusets, for which they payed
+fraight by y^e tun. And this was all the satisfaction they could have at
+presente, so they brought this small parcell of goods & returned with
+this nues, and a letter as obscure; which made them much to marvell
+therat. The letter was as followeth.
+
+  Gentle-men, partners, and loving friends, &c.
+
+  Breefly thus: wee have this year set forth a fishing ship, and a
+  trading ship, which later we have bought; and so have disbursed a
+  great deale of money, as may and will appeare by y^e accounts. And
+  because this ship (called y^e White Angell) is to acte 2. parts, (as I
+  may say,) fishing for bass, and trading; and that while M^r. Allerton
+  was imployed aboute y^e trading, the fishing might suffer by carlesnes
+  or neglecte of y^e sailors, we have entreated your and our loving
+  friend, M^r. Hatherley, to goe over with him, knowing he will be a
+  comforte to M^r. Allerton, a joye to you, to see a carfull and loving
+  friend, and a great stay to y^e bussines; and so great contente to us,
+  that if it should please God y^e one should faile, (as God forbid,)
+  yet y^e other would keepe both recconings, and things uprighte. For we
+  are now out great sumes of money, as they will acquainte you withall,
+  &c. When we were out but 4. or 5. hundred pounds a peece, we looked
+  not much after it, but left it to you, & your agente, (who, without
+  flaterie, deserveth infinite thanks & comendations, both of you & us,
+  for his pains, &c.); but now we are out double, nay, trible a peece,
+  some of us, &c.; which maks us both write, and send over our friend,
+  M^r. Hatherley, whom we pray you to entertaine kindly, of which we
+  doubte not of. The main end of sending him is to see y^e state and
+  accounte of all y^e bussines, of all which we pray you informe him
+  fully, though y^e ship & bussines wayte for it and him. For we should
+  take it very unkindly that we should intreat him to take such a
+  journey, and that, when it pleaseth God he returnes, he could not give
+  us contente & satisfaction in this perticuler, through defaulte of any
+  of you. [176] But we hope you will so order bussines, as neither he
+  nor we shall have cause to complaine, but to doe as we ever have done,
+  thinke well of you all, &c. I will not promise, but shall indeaour &
+  hope to effecte y^e full desire and grant of your patente, & that ere
+  it be longe. I would not have you take any thing unkindly. I have not
+  write out of jeolocie of any unjuste dealing. Be you all kindly
+  saluted in y^e Lord, so I rest,
+
+  Yours in what I may,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  March 25. 1630.
+
+It needs not be thought strange, that these things should amase and
+trouble them; first, that this fishing ship should be set out, and
+fraight with other mens goods, & scarce any of theirs; seeing their
+maine end was (as is before remembred) to bring them a full supply, and
+their speatiall order not to sett out any excepte this was done. And now
+a ship to come on their accounte, clean contrary to their both end &
+order, was a misterie they could not understand; and so much y^e worse,
+seeing she had shuch ill success as to lose both her vioage &
+provissions. The 2. thing, that another ship should be bought and sente
+out on new designes, a thing not so much as once thought on by any
+here, much less, not a word intimated or spoaken of by any here, either
+by word or letter, neither could they imagine why this should be. Bass
+fishing was never lookt at by them, but as soone as ever they heard on
+it, they looked at it as a vaine thing, that would certainly turne to
+loss. And for M^r. Allerton to follow any trade for them, it was never
+in their thoughts. And 3^ly, that their fri[=e]ds should complaine of
+disbursements, and yet rune into such great things, and charge of
+shiping & new projects of their owne heads, not only without, but
+against, all order & advice, was to them very strang. And 4^ly, that all
+these matters of so great charg & imployments should be thus wrapped up
+in a breefe and obscure letter, they knew not what to make of it. But
+amids all their doubts they must have patience till M^r. Allerton & M^r.
+Hatherley should come. In y^e mean time M^r. Winslow was gone for
+England; and others of them were forst to folow their imployments with
+y^e best means they had, till they could hear of better.
+
+At length M^r. Hatherley & M^r. Allerton came unto them, (after they had
+delivered their goods,) and finding them strucken with some sadnes
+aboute these things, M^r. Allerton tould them that y^e ship Whit-Angele
+did not belong to them, nor their accounte, neither neede they have any
+thing to doe with her, excepte they would. And M^r. Hatherley confirmed
+y^e same, and said that they would have had him to have had a parte,
+but he refused; but he made question whether they would not turne her
+upon y^e generall accounte, if ther came loss (as he now saw was like),
+seeing M^r. Allerton laid downe this course, and put them on this
+projecte. But for y^e fishing ship, he tould them they need not be so
+much troubled, for he had her accounts here, and showed them that her
+first seting out came not much to exceed 600^li. as they might see by
+y^e accounte, which he showed them; and for this later viage, it would
+arrise to profite by y^e fraight of the goods, and y^e salle of some
+katle which he shiped and had allready sould, & was to be paid for
+partly here & partly by bills into England, so as they should not have
+this put on their acounte at all, except they [178][CP] would. And for
+y^e former, he had sould so much goods out of her in England, and
+imployed y^e money in this 2. viage, as it, togeither with such goods &
+implements as M^r. Allerton must need aboute his fishing, would rise to
+a good parte of y^e money; for he must have y^e sallt and nets, allso
+spiks, nails, &c.; all which would rise to nere 400^li; so, with y^e
+bearing of their parts of y^e rest of the loses (which would not be much
+above 200^li.), they would clear them of this whole accounte. Of which
+motion they were glad, not being willing to have any accounts lye upon
+them; but aboute their trade, which made them willing to harken
+therunto, and demand of M^r. Hatherley how he could make this good, if
+they should agree their unto, he tould them he was sent over as their
+agente, and had this order from them, that whatsoever he and M^r.
+Allerton did togeather, they would stand to it; but they would not alow
+of what M^r. Allerton did alone, except they liked it; but if he did it
+alone, they would not gaine say it. Upon which they sould to him & M^r.
+Allerton all y^e rest of y^e goods, and gave them present possession of
+them; and a writing was made, and confirmed under both M^r. Hatherleys
+and M^r. Allertons hands, to y^e effecte afforesaide. And M^r.
+Allertone, being best aquainted w^th y^e people, sould away presenly all
+shuch goods as he had no need of for y^e fishing, as 9. shallop sails,
+made of good new canvas, and y^e roads for them being all new, with
+sundry such usefull goods, for ready beaver, by M^r. Hatherleys
+allowance. And thus they thought they had well provided for them selvs.
+Yet they rebuked M^r. Allerton very much for runing into these courses,
+fearing y^e success of them. M^r. Allerton & M^r. Hatherley brought to
+y^e towne with them (after he had sould what he could abroad) a great
+quantity of other goods besids trading comodities; as linen cloath,
+bedticks, stockings, tape, pins, ruggs, &c., and tould them they were to
+have them, if they would; but they tould M^r. Allerton that they had
+forbid him before for bringing any such on their accounte; it would
+hinder their trade and returnes. But he & M^r. Hatherley said, if they
+would not have them, they would sell them, them selves, and take corne
+for what they could not otherwise sell. They tould them they might, if
+they had order for it. The goods of one sorte & other came to upward of
+500^li.
+
+After these things, Mr. Allerton wente to y^e ship aboute his bass
+fishing; and M^r. Hatherley, (according to his order,) after he tooke
+knowledg how things stood at y^e plantation, (of all which they informed
+him fully,) he then desired a boate of them to goe and visite y^e
+trading houeses, both Kenebeck, and Ashley at Penobscote; for so they in
+England had injoyned him. They accordingly furnished him with a boate &
+men for y^e viage, and aquainted him plainly & thorowly with all things;
+by which he had good contente and satisfaction, and saw plainly that
+M^r. Allerton plaid his owne game, and rane a course not only to y^e
+great wrong & detrimente of y^e plantation, who imployed & trusted him,
+but abused them in England also, in possessing them with prejudice
+against y^e plantation; as y^t, they would never be able to repaye their
+moneys (in regard of their great charge), but if [179] they would follow
+his advice and projects, he & Ashley (being well supplyed) would quickly
+bring in their moneys with good advantage. Mr. Hatherley disclosed also
+a further projecte aboute y^e setting out of this ship, y^e
+White-angell; how, she being wel fitted with good ordnance, and known to
+have made a great fight at sea (when she belongd to Bristoll) and caried
+away the victory, they had agreed (by M^r. Allerton's means) that,
+after she had brought a fraight of goods here into the countrie, and
+fraight her selfe with fish, she should goe from hence to Port of
+porte,[CQ] and ther be sould, both ship, goods, and ordenance; and had,
+for this end, had speech with a factore of those parts, beforehand, to
+whom she should have been consigned. But this was prevented at this
+time, (after it was known,) partly by y^e contrary advice given by their
+freinds hear to M^r. Allerton & M^r. Hatherley, showing how it might
+insnare their friends in England, (being men of estate,) if it should
+come to be knowne; and for y^e plantation, they did and would disalow
+it, and protest against it; and partly by their bad viage, for they both
+came too late to doe any good for fishing, and allso had such a wicked
+and drunken company as neither M^r. Allerton nor any els could rule; as
+M^r. Hatherley, to his great greefe & shame, saw, & beheld, and all
+others that came nere them.
+
+Ashley likwise was taken in a trape, (before M^r. Hatherley returned,)
+for trading powder & shote with y^e Indeans; and was ceased upon by some
+in authoritie, who allso would have confiscated above a thousand weight
+of beaver; but y^e goods were freed, for y^e Governer here made it
+appere, by a bond under Ashleys hand, wherin he was bound to them in
+500^li. not to trade any munition with the Indeans, or other wise to
+abuse him selfe; it was also manifest against him that he had co[=m]ited
+uncleannes with Indean women, (things that they feared at his first
+imployment, which made them take this strict course with him in y^e
+begining); so, to be shorte, they gott their goods freed, but he was
+sent home prisoner. And that I may make an end concerning him, after
+some time of imprisonmente in y^e Fleet, by y^e means of friends he was
+set at liberty, and intended to come over againe, but y^e Lord prevented
+it; for he had a motion made to him, by some marchants, to goe into
+Russia, because he had such good skill in y^e beaver trade, the which he
+accepted of, and in his returne home was cast away at sea; this was his
+end.
+
+M^r. Hatherley, fully understanding y^e state of all things, had good
+satisfaction, and could well informe them how all things stood betweene
+M^r. Allerton and y^e plantation. Yea, he found that M^r. Allerton had
+gott within him, and [180] got all the goods into his owne hands, for
+which M^r. Hatherley stood joyntly ingaged to them hear, aboute y^e
+ship-Fre[=i]dship, as also most of y^e fraigte money, besids some of his
+owne perticuler estate; about w^ch more will appear here after. So he
+returned into England, and they sente a good quantity of beaver with him
+to y^e rest of y^e partners; so both he and it was very wellcome unto
+them.
+
+M^r. Allerton followed his affaires, & returned with his White Angell,
+being no more imployed by y^e plantation; but these bussinesses were
+not ended till many years after, nor well understood of a longe time,
+but foulded up in obscuritie, & kepte in y^e clouds, to y^e great loss &
+vexation of y^e plantation, who in y^e end were (for peace sake) forced
+to bear y^e unjust burthen of them, to their allmost undoing, as will
+appear, if God give life to finish this history.
+
+They sent their letters also by M^r. Hatherley to y^e partners ther, to
+show them how M^r. Hatherley & M^r. Allerton had discharged them of y^e
+Friendships accounte, and that they boath affirmed y^t the White-Angell
+did not at all belong to them; and therfore desired that their accounte
+might not be charged therwith. Also they write to M^r. Winslow, their
+agente, that he in like maner should (in their names) protest against
+it, if any such thing should be intended, for they would never yeeld to
+y^e same. As allso to signifie to them that they renounsed M^r. Allerton
+wholy, for being their agente, or to have any thing to doe in any of
+their bussines.
+
+This year John Billinton y^e elder (one that came over with y^e first)
+was arrained, and both by grand & petie jurie found guilty of willfull
+murder, by plaine & notorious evidence. And was for the same accordingly
+executed.[CR] This, as it was y^e first execution amongst them, so was
+it a mater of great sadnes unto them. They used all due means about his
+triall, and tooke y^e advice of M^r. Winthrop and other y^e ablest
+gentle-men in y^e Bay of y^e Massachusets, that were then new-ly come
+over, who concured with them y^t he ought to dye, and y^e land to be
+purged from blood. He and some of his had been often punished for
+miscariags before, being one of the profanest families amongst them.
+They came from London, and I know not by what freinds shufled into their
+company. His facte was, that he way-laid a yong-man, one John New-comin,
+(about a former quarell,) and shote him with a gune, wherof he dyed.[CS]
+
+Having by a providence a letter or to y^t came to my hands concerning
+the proceedings of their Re^d freinds in y^e Bay of y^e Massachusets,
+who were latly come over, I thought it not amise here to inserte them,
+(so farr as is pertenente, and may be usefull for after times,) before I
+conclude this year.
+
+  S^r: Being at Salem the 25. of July, being y^e saboath, after y^e
+  evening exercise, M^r. Johnson received a letter from y^e Governor,
+  Mr. John Winthrop, manifesting y^e hand of God to be upon them, and
+  against them at Charles-towne, in visiting them with sicknes, and
+  taking diverse from amongst them, not sparing y^e righteous, but
+  partaking with y^e wicked in these bodily judgments. It was therfore
+  by his desire taken into y^e Godly consideration of y^e best hear,
+  what was to be done to pacifie y^e Lords wrath, &c. Wher it was
+  concluded, that the Lord was to be sought in righteousnes; and to that
+  end, y^e 6. day (being Friday) of this present weeke, is set aparte,
+  that they may humble them selves before God, and seeke him in his
+  ordenances; and that then also such godly persons that are amongst
+  them, and kno[=w] each to other, may publickly, at y^e end of their
+  exercise, make known their Godly desire, and practise y^e same, viz.
+  sole[=m]ly to enter into [181] covenante with y^e Lord to walke in his
+  ways. And since they are so disposed of in their outward estats, as to
+  live in three distinct places, each having men of abilitie amongst
+  them, ther to observe y^e day, and become 3. distincte bodys; not then
+  intending rashly to proceed to y^e choyce of officers, or y^e
+  admitting of any other to their societie then a few, to witte, such as
+  are well knowne unto them; promising after to receive in such by
+  confession of faith, as shall appeare to be fitly qualified for y
+  estate. They doe ernestly entreate that y^e church of Plimoth would
+  set apparte y^e same day, for y^e same ends, beseeching y^e Lord, as
+  to withdraw his hand of correction from them, so also to establish and
+  direct them in his wayes. And though y^e time be shorte, we pray you
+  be provocked to this godly worke, seing y^e causes are so urgente;
+  wherin God will be honoured, and they & we undoubtedly have sweete
+  comforte. Be you all kindly saluted, &c.
+
+  Your brethren in Christ, &c.
+
+  Salem, July 26. 1630.
+
+  S^r: etc. The sadd news here is, that many are sicke, and many are
+  dead; y^e Lord in mercie looke upon them. Some are here entered into
+  church covenante; the first were 4. namly, y^e Gov^r, M^r. John
+  Winthrop, M^r. Johnson, M^r. Dudley, and M^r. Willson; since that 5.
+  more are joyned unto them, and others, it is like, will adde them
+  selves to them dayly; the Lord increase them, both in number and in
+  holines for his mercie sake. Here is a gentleman, one M^r. Cottington,
+  (a Boston man,) who tould me, that M^r. Cottons charge at Hamton was,
+  that they should take advise of them at Plimoth, and should doe
+  nothing to offend them. Here are diverce honest Christians that are
+  desirous to see us, some out of love which they bear to us, and y^e
+  good perswasion they have of us; others to see whether we be so ill as
+  they have heard of us. We have a name of holines, and love to God and
+  his saincts; the Lord make us more and more answerable, and that it
+  may be more then a name, or els it will doe us no good. Be you
+  lovingly saluted, and all the rest of our friends. The Lord Jesus
+  blese us, and y^e whole Israll of God. Amen.
+
+  Your loving brother, &c.
+
+  Charles-towne, Aug. 2. 1630.
+
+Thus out of smalle beginings greater things have been prodused by his
+hand y^t made all things of nothing, and gives being to all things that
+are; and as one small candle may light a thousand, so y^e light here
+kindled hath shone to many, yea in some sorte to our whole nation; let
+y^e glorious name of Jehova have all y^e praise.
+
+[182] _Anno Dom_: 1631.
+
+Ashley being thus by y^e hand of God taken away, and M^r. Allerton
+discharged of his imploymente for them, their bussines began againe to
+rune in one chanell, and them selves better able to guide the same,
+Penobscote being wholy now at their disposing. And though M^r. William
+Peirce had a parte ther as is before noted, yet now, as things stood, he
+was glad to have his money repayed him, and stand out. M^r. Winslow,
+whom they had sent over, sent them over some supply as soone as he
+could; and afterwards when he came, which was something longe by reason
+of bussines, he brought a large supply of suitable goods with him, by
+which ther trading was well carried on. But by no means either he, or
+y^e letters y^ey write, could take off M^r. Sherley & y^e rest from
+putting both y^e Friendship and Whit-Angell on y^e generall accounte;
+which caused continuall contention betweene them, as will more appeare.
+
+I shall inserte a leter of M^r. Winslow's about these things, being as
+foloweth.
+
+  S^r: It fell out by Gods providence, y^t I received and brought your
+  leters p^r M^r. Allerton from Bristoll, to London; and doe much feare
+  what will be y^e event of things. M^r. Allerton intended to prepare
+  y^e ship againe, to set forth upon fishing. M^r. Sherley, M^r.
+  Beachamp, & M^r. Andrews, they renounce all perticulers, protesting
+  but for us they would never have adventured one penie into those
+  parts; M^r. Hatherley stands inclinable to either. And wheras you
+  write that he and M^r. Allerton have taken y^e Whit-Angell upon them,
+  for their partners here, they professe they neiver gave any such
+  order, nor will make it good; if them selves will cleare y^e accounte
+  & doe it, all shall be well. What y^e evente of these things will be,
+  I know not. The Lord so directe and assiste us, as he may not be
+  dishonoured by our divissions. I hear (p^r a friend) that I was much
+  blamed for speaking w^t[CT] I heard in y^e spring of y^e year,
+  concerning y^e buying & setting forth of y^t ship;[CU] sure, if I
+  should not have tould you what I heard so peremtorly reported (which
+  report I offered now to prove at Bristoll), I should have been
+  unworthy my imploymente. And concerning y^e commission so long since
+  given to M^r. Allerton, the truth is, the thing we feared is come upon
+  us; for M^r. Sherley & y^e rest have it, and will not deliver it, that
+  being y^e ground of our agents credite to procure shuch great sumes.
+  But I looke for bitter words, hard thoughts, and sower looks, from
+  sundrie, as well for writing this, as reporting y^e former. I would I
+  had a more thankfull imploymente; but I hope a good conscience shall
+  make it comefortable, &c.
+
+Thus farr he. Dated Nov: 16. 1631.
+
+The comission above said was given by them under their hand and seale,
+when M^r. Allerton was first imployed by them, and redemanded of him in
+y^e year 29. when they begane to suspecte his course. He tould them it
+was amongst his papers, but he would seeke it out & give it them before
+he wente. But he being ready to goe, it was demanded againe. He said he
+could not find it, but it was amongst his papers, which he must take
+w^th him, [183] and he would send it by y^e boat from y^e eastward; but
+ther it could not be had neither, but he would seeke it up at sea. But
+whether M^r. Sherley had it before or after, it is not certaine; but
+having it, he would not let it goe, but keeps it to this day. Wherfore,
+even amongst freinds, men had need be carfull whom they trust, and not
+lett things of this nature lye long unrecaled.
+
+_Some parts of M^r. Sherley's letters aboute these things, in which y^e
+truth is best manifested._
+
+  Sir: Yours I have received by our loving friends, M^r. Allerton & M^r.
+  Hatherley, who, blesed be God, after a long & dangerous passage with
+  y^e ship Angell, are safely come to Bristoll. M^r. Hatherley is come
+  up, but M^r. Allerton I have not yet seen. We thanke you, and are very
+  glad you have disswaded him from his Spanish viage, and y^t he did not
+  goe on in these designes he intended; for we did all uterly dislick of
+  that course, as allso of y^e fishing y^t y^e Freindship should have
+  performed; for we wished him to sell y^e salte, and were unwilling to
+  have him undertake so much bussines, partly for y^e ill success we
+  formerly had in those affairs, and partly being loath to disburse so
+  much money. But he perswaded us this must be one way y^t must repay
+  us, for y^e plantation would be long in doing of it; ney, to my
+  rememberance, he doubted you could not be able, with y^e trade ther,
+  to maintaine your charge & pay us. And for this very cause he brought
+  us on y^t bussines with Ed: Ashley, for he was a stranger to us, &c.
+
+  For y^e fishing ship, we are sorie it proves so heavie, and will be
+  willing to bear our parts. What M^r. Hatherley & M^r. Allerton have
+  done, no doubt but them selves will make good;[CV] we gave them no
+  order to make any composition, to seperate you and us in this or any
+  other. And I thinke you have no cause to forsake us, for we put you
+  upon no new thing, but what your agent perswaded us to, & you by your
+  letters desired. If he exceede your order, I hope you will not blame
+  us, much less cast us of, when our moneys be layed out, &c. But I fear
+  neither you nor we have been well delte withall, for sure, as you
+  write, halfe 4000^li.?, nay, a quarter, in fitting comodities, and in
+  seasonable time, would have furnished you beter then you were. And yet
+  for all this, and much more I might write, I dare not but thinke him
+  honest, and that his desire and intente was good; but y^e wisest may
+  faile. Well, now y^t it hath pleased God to give us hope of meeting,
+  doubte not but we will all indeavore to perfecte these accounts just &
+  right, as soone as possibly we can. And I supposs you sente over M^r.
+  Winslow, and we M^r. Hatherley, to certifie each other how y^e state
+  of things stood. We have received some contente upon M^r. Hatherley's
+  returne, and I hope you will receive good contente upon M^r.
+  Winslow's returne. Now I should come to answer more perticulerly your
+  letter, but herin I shall be very breefe. The coming of y^e White
+  Angele on your accounte could not be more strang to you, then y^e
+  buying of her was to us; for you gave him commission[CW] that what he
+  did you would stand too; we gave him none, and yet for his credite,
+  and your saks, payed what bills he charged on us, &c. For y^t I write
+  she was to acte tow parts, fishing & trade; beleeve me, I never so
+  much as thought of any perticuler trade, nor will side with any y^t
+  doth, if I conceive it may wrong you; for I ever was against it,
+  useing these words: They will eate up and destroy y^e generall.
+
+Other things I omite as tedious, and not very pertenente. This was dated
+Nov^r. 19. 1631.
+
+In an other leter bearing date y^e 24. of this month, being an answer to
+y^e generall order, he hath these words:--
+
+  [184] For y^e White Angell, against which you write so ernestly, and
+  say we thrust her upon you, contrary to y^e intente of y^e buyer,
+  herin we say you forgett your selves, and doe us wrong. We will not
+  take uppon us to devine what y^e thougts or intents of y^e buyer was,
+  but what he spack we heard, and that we will affirme, and make good
+  against any y^t oppose it; which is, y^t unles shee were bought, and
+  shuch a course taken, Ashley could not be supplyed; and againe, if he
+  weer not supplyed, we could not be satisfied what we were out for you.
+  And further, you were not able to doe it; and he gave some reasons
+  which we spare to relate, unless by your unreasonable refusall you
+  will force us, and so, hasten y^t fire which is a kindling too fast
+  allready, &c.
+
+_Out of another of his, bearing date Jan. 2. 1631._
+
+  We purpose to keep y^e Freindship and y^e Whit Angell, for y^e last
+  year viages, on the generall accounte, hoping togeither they will
+  rather produse profite then loss, and breed less confution in our
+  accounts, and less disturbance in our affections. As for y^e White
+  Angell, though we layed out y^e money, and tooke bills of salle in our
+  owne names, yet none of us had so much as a thought (I dare say) of
+  deviding from you in any thing this year, because we would not have
+  y^e world (I may say Bristoll) take notice of any breach betwixte M^r.
+  Allerton and you, and he and us; and so disgrace him in his
+  proceedings on[CX] in his intended viage. We have now let him y^e ship
+  at 30^li. p^r month, by charter-partie, and bound him in a bond of a
+  1000^li. to performe covenants, and bring her to London (if God
+  please). And what he brings in her for you, shall be marked w^th your
+  marke, and bils of laden taken, & sent in M^r. Winslows letter, who is
+  this day riding to Bristoll about it. So in this viage, we deale & are
+  with him as strangers. He hath brought in 3. books of accounts, one
+  for y^e company, an other for Ashley's bussines, and y^e third for y^e
+  Whit-Angell and Freindship. The books, or coppies, we purpose to send
+  you, for you may discover y^e errours in them better then we. We can
+  make it appear how much money he hath had of us, and you can charg him
+  with all y^e beaver he hath had of you. The totall sume, as he hath
+  put it, is 7103. 17. 1. Of this he hath expended, and given to Mr.
+  Vines & others, aboute 543^li. ode money, and then by your books you
+  will find whether you had such, & so much goods, as he chargeth you
+  with all; and this is all that I can say at presente concerning these
+  accounts. He thought to dispatch them in a few howers, but he and
+  Straton & Fogge were above a month aboute them; but he could not stay
+  till we had examined them, for losing his fishing viage, which I fear
+  he hath allready done, &c.
+
+  We blese God, who put both you & us in mind to send each to other, for
+  verily had he rune on in that desperate & chargable course one year
+  more, we had not been able to suport him; nay, both he and we must
+  have lyen in y^e ditch, and sunck under y^e burthen, &c. Had ther been
+  an orderly course taken, and your bussines better managed, assuredly
+  (by y^e blessing of God) you had been y^e ablest plantation that, as
+  we think, or know, hath been undertaken by Englishmen, &c.
+
+Thus farr of these letters of M^r. Sherley's.[CY]
+
+[185] A few observations from y^e former letters, and then I shall set
+downe the simple truth of y^e things (thus in controversie betweene
+them), at least as farr as by any good evidence it could be made to
+appeare; and so laboure to be breefe in so tedious and intricate a
+bussines, which hunge in expostulation betweene them many years before
+y^e same was ended. That though ther will be often occasion to touch
+these things about other passages, yet I shall not neede to be large
+therin; doing it hear once for all.
+
+First, it seemes to appere clearly that Ashley's bussines, and y^e
+buying of this ship, and y^e courses framed ther upon, were first
+contrived and proposed by M^r. Allerton, as also y^t the pleaes and
+pretences which he made, of y^e inablitie of y^e plantation to repaye
+their moneys, &c., and y^e hops he gave them of doing it with profile,
+was more beleeved & rested on by them (at least some of them) then any
+thing y^e plantation did or said.
+
+2. It is like, though M^r. Allerton might thinke not to wrong y^e
+plantation in y^e maine, yet his owne gaine and private ends led him a
+side in these things: for it came to be knowne, and I have it in a
+letter under M^r. Sherley's hand, that in y^e first 2. or 3. years of
+his imploymente, he had cleared up 400^li. and put it into a brew-house
+of M^r. Colliers in London, at first under M^r. Sherley's name, &c.;
+besids what he might have other wise. Againe, M^r. Sherley and he had
+perticuler dealings in some things; for he bought up y^e beaver that
+sea-men & other passengers brought over to Bristoll, and at other
+places, and charged y^e bills to London, which M^r. Sherley payed; and
+they got some time 50^li. a peece in a bargen, as was made knowne by
+M^r. Hatherley & others, besids what might be other wise; which might
+make M^r. Sherley harken unto him in many things; and yet I beleeve, as
+he in his forementioned leter write, he never would side in any
+perticuler trade w^ch he conceived would wrong y^e plantation, and eate
+up & destroy y^e generall.
+
+3^ly. It may be perceived that, seeing they had done so much for y^e
+plantation, both in former adventures and late disbursements, and allso
+that M^r. Allerton was y^e first occasioner of bringing them upon these
+new designes, which at first seemed faire & profitable unto them, and
+unto which they agreed; but now, seeing them to turne to loss, and
+decline to greater intanglments, they thought it more meete for y^e
+plantation to bear them, then them selves, who had borne much in other
+things allready, and so tooke advantage of such comission & power as
+M^r. Allerton had formerly had as their agente, to devolve these things
+upon them.
+
+4^ly. With pitie and compassion (touching M^r. Allerton) I may say with
+y^e apostle to Timothy, 1. Tim. 6. 9. _They that will be rich fall into
+many temtations and snares, &c., and pearce them selves throw with many
+sorrows, &c.; for the love of money is y^e roote of all evill_, v. 10.
+God give him to see y^e evill in his failings, that he may find mercie
+by repentance for y^e wrongs he hath done to any, and this pore
+plantation in spetiall. They that doe such things doe not only bring
+them selves into snares, and sorrows, but many with them, (though in an
+other kind,) as lamentable experience shows; and is too manifest in this
+bussines.
+
+[186] Now about these ships & their setting forth, the truth, as farr as
+could be learned, is this. The motion aboute setting forth y^e fishing
+ship (caled y^e Frindship) came first from y^e plantation, and y^e
+reasons of it, as is before remembered; but wholy left to them selves to
+doe or not to doe, as they saw cause. But when it fell into
+consideration, and y^e designe was held to be profitable and hopefull,
+it was propounded by some of them, why might not they doe it of them
+selves, seeing they must disburse all y^e money, and what need they have
+any refferance to y^e plantation in y^t; they might take y^e profile
+them selves, towards other losses, & need not let y^e plantation share
+therin; and if their ends were other wise answered for their supplyes to
+come too them in time, it would be well enough. So they hired her, & set
+her out, and fraighted her as full as she could carry with passengers
+goods y^t belonged to y^e Massachussets, which rise to a good sume of
+money; intending to send y^e plantations supply in y^e other ship. The
+effecte of this M^r. Hatherley not only declared afterward upon
+occasion, but affirmed upon othe, taken before y^e Gov^r & Dep: Gov^r of
+the Massachusets, M^r. Winthrop & M^r. Dudley: That this ship-Frindship
+was not sett out nor intended for y^e joynt partnership of y^e
+plantation, but for y^e perticuler accounte of M^r. James Sherley, M^r.
+Beachampe, M^r. Andrews, M^r. Allerton, & him selfe. This deposition was
+taken at Boston y^e 29. of Aug: 1639. as is to be seen under their
+hands; besids some other concurente testimonies declared at severall
+times to sundrie of them.
+
+About y^e Whit-Angell, though she was first bought, or at least the
+price beaten, by M^r. Allerton (at Bristoll), yet that had been nothing
+if M^r. Sherley had not liked it, and disbursed y^e money. And that she
+was not intended for y^e plantation appears by sundrie evidences;[CZ]
+as, first, y^e bills of sale, or charter-parties, were taken in their
+owne names, without any mention or refferance to y^e plantation at all;
+viz. M^r. Sherley, M^r. Beachampe, M^r. Andrews, M^r. Denison, and M^r.
+Allerton; for M^r. Hatherley fell off, and would not joyne with them in
+this. That she was not bought for their accounte, M^r. Hatherley tooke
+his oath before y^e parties afforesaid, y^e day and year above writen.
+
+M^r. Allerton tooke his oath to like effecte concerning this ship, the
+Whit-Angell, before y^e Gov^r & Deputie, the 7. of Sep: 1639. and
+likewise deposed, y^e same time, that M^r. Hatherley and him selfe did,
+in the behalfe of them selves and y^e said M^r. Sherley, M^r. Andrews, &
+M^r. Beachamp, agree and undertake to discharge, and save harmless, all
+y^e rest of y^e partners & purchasers, of and from y^e said losses of
+Freindship for 200^li., which was to be discounted therupon; as by ther
+depossitions (which are in writing) may appeare more at large, and some
+other depositions & other testemonies by M^r. Winslow,[DA] &c. But I
+suppose these may be sufficente to evince the truth in these things,
+against all pretences to y^e contrary. And yet the burthen lay still
+upon y^e plantation; or, to speake more truly and rightly, upon those
+few that were ingaged for all, for they were faine to wade through these
+things without any help from any.
+
+[187] Concerning M^r. Allerton's accounts, they were so larg and
+intrecate, as they could not well understand them, much less examine &
+correcte them, without a great deale of time & help, and his owne
+presence, which was now hard to gett amongst them; and it was 2. or 3.
+years before they could bring them to any good pass, but never make them
+perfecte. I know not how it came to pass, or what misterie was in it,
+for he tooke upon him to make up all accounts till this time, though
+M^r. Sherley was their agente to buy & sell their goods, and did more
+then he therin; yet he past in accounts in a maner for all disbursments,
+both concerning goods bought, which he never saw, but were done when he
+was hear in y^e cuntrie or at sea; and all y^e expences of y^e Leyden
+people, done by others in his absence; the charges aboute y^e patente,
+&c. In all which he made them debtore to him above 300^li. and demanded
+paimente of it. But when things came to scaning, he was found above
+2000^li. debtore to them, (this wherin M^r. Hatherley & he being joyntly
+ingaged, which he only had, being included,) besids I know not how much
+y^t could never be cleared; and interest moneys which ate them up, which
+he never accounted. Also they were faine to alow such large bills of
+charges as were intolerable; the charges of y^e patent came to above
+500^li. and yet nothing done in it but what was done at first without
+any confirmation; 30^li. given at a clape, and 50^li. spent in a
+journey. No marvell therfore if M^r. Sherley said in his leter, if their
+bussines had been better managed, they might have been y^e richest
+plantation of any English at y^t time. Yea, he scrued up his poore old
+father in law's accounte to above 200^li. and brought it on y^e generall
+accounte, and to befreind him made most of it to arise out of those
+goods taken up by him at Bristoll, at 50. per cent., because he knew
+they would never let it lye on y^e old man, when, alass! he, poore man,
+never dreamte of any such thing, nor y^t what he had could arise nere
+y^t valew; but thought that many of them had been freely bestowed on him
+& his children by M^r. Allerton. Nither in truth did they come nere y^t
+valew in worth, but y^t sume was blowne up by interest & high prises,
+which y^e company did for y^e most parte bear, (he deserving farr more,)
+being most sory that he should have a name to have much, when he had in
+effecte litle.
+
+This year also M^r. Sherley sent over an accounte, which was in a maner
+but a cash accounte what M^r. Allerton had had of them, and disbursed,
+for which he referd to his accounts; besids an account of beaver sould,
+which M^r. Winslow & some others had carried over, and a large supply of
+goods which M^r. Winslow had sent & brought over, all which was
+comprised in that accounte, and all y^e disbursments aboute y^e
+Freindship, & Whit-Angell, and what concerned their accounts from first
+to last; or any thing else he could charg y^e partners with. So they
+were made debtor in y^e foote of that accounte 4770^li 19. 2.[DB] besids
+1000^li. still due for y^e purchase yet unpayed; notwithstanding all y^e
+beaver, and returnes that both Ashley & they had made, which were not
+small.
+
+[188] In these accounts of M^r. Sherley's some things were obscure, and
+some things twise charged, as a 100. of Bastable ruggs which came in
+y^e Freindship, & cost 75^li., charged before by M^r. Allerton, and now
+by him againe, with other perticulers of like nature doubtfull, to be
+twise or thrise charged; as also a sume of 600^li. which M^r. Allerton
+deneyed, and they could never understand for what it was. They sent a
+note of these & such like things afterward to M^r. Sherley by M^r.
+Winslow; but (I know not how it came to pass) could never have them
+explained.
+
+Into these deepe sumes had M^r. Allerton rune them in tow years, for in
+y^e later end of y^e year 1628. all their debts did not amounte to much
+above 400^li., as was then noted; and now come to so many thousands. And
+wheras in y^e year 1629. M^r. Sherley & M^r. Hatherley being at
+Bristoll, and write a large letter from thence, in which they had given
+an account of y^e debts, and what sumes were then disbursed, M^r.
+Allerton never left begging & intreating of them till they had put it
+out. So they bloted out 2. lines in y^t leter in which y^e sumes were
+contained, and write upon it so as not a word could be perceived; as
+since by them was confessed, and by y^e leters may be seene. And thus
+were they kept hoodwinckte, till now they were so deeply ingaged. And
+wheras M^r. Sherley did so ernestly press y^t M^r. Allerton might be
+sent over to finish y^e great bussines aboute y^e patente, as may be
+seen in his leter write 1629. as is before recorded, and y^t they should
+be ernest w^th his wife to suffer him to goe, &c., he hath since
+confessed by a letter under my hands, that it was M^r. Allerton's owne
+doings, and not his, and he made him write his words, & not his owne.
+The patent was but a pretence, and not y^e thing. Thus were they abused
+in their simplicitie, and no beter then bought & sould, as it may seeme.
+
+And to mend y^e matter, M^r. Allerton doth in a sorte wholy now deserte
+them; having brought them into y^e briers, he leaves them to gett out as
+they can. But God crost him mightily, for he having hired y^e ship of
+M^r. Sherly at 30^li., a month, he set forth againe with a most wicked
+and drunken crue, and for covetousnes sake did so over lade her, not
+only filling her hould, but so stufed her betweene decks, as she was
+walte, and could not bear sayle, and they had like to have been cast
+away at sea, and were forced to put for Millford Havene, and new-stow
+her, & put some of ther ordnance & more heavie goods in y^e botome;
+which lost them time, and made them come late into y^e countrie, lose
+ther season, and made a worse viage then y^e year before. But being come
+into y^e countrie, he sells trading comodities to any y^t will buy, to
+y^e great prejudice of y^e plantation here; but that which is worse,
+what he could not sell, he trustes; and sets up a company of base felows
+and maks them traders, to rune into every hole, & into y^e river of
+Kenebeck, to gleane away y^e trade from y^e house ther, aboute y^e
+patente & priviledge wherof he had dasht away so much money of theirs
+here; [189] and now what in him lay went aboute to take away y^e
+benefite therof, and to overthrow them. Yea, not only this, but he
+furnishes a company, and joyns with some consorts, (being now deprived
+of Ashley at Penobscote,) and sets up a trading house beyoned
+Penobscote, to cute of y^e trade from thence also. But y^e French
+perceiving that that would be greatly to their damage allso, they came
+in their begining before they were well setled, and displanted them,
+slue 2. of their men, and tooke all their goods to a good valew, y^e
+loss being most, if not all, M^r. Allerton's; for though some of them
+should have been his partners, yet he trusted them for their partes; the
+rest of y^e men were sent into France, and this was the end of y^t
+projecte. The rest of those he trusted, being lose and drunken fellows,
+did for y^e most parte but coussen & cheate him of all they got into
+their hands; that howsoever he did his friends some hurte hereby for y^e
+presente, yet he gate litle good, but wente by y^e loss by Gods just
+hand. After in time, when he came to Pli[=m]oth, y^e church caled him to
+accounte for these, and other his grosse miscarrages; he confessed his
+faulte, and promised better walking, and that he would wind him selfe
+out of these courses as soone as he could, &c.
+
+This year also Mr. Sherley would needs send them over a new-acountante;
+he had made mention of such a thing y^e year before, but they write him
+word, that their charge was great allready, and they neede not increase
+it, as this would; but if they were well delte with, and had their goods
+well sent over, they could keep their accounts hear them selves. Yet he
+now sente one, which they did not refuse, being a yonger brother of M^r.
+Winslows, whom they had been at charge to instructe at London before he
+came. He came over in the White Angell with M^r. Allerton, and ther
+begane his first imploymente; for though M^r. Sherley had so farr
+befreinded Mr. Allerton, as to cause[DC] M^r. Winslow to ship y^e supply
+sente to y^e partners here in this ship, and give him 4^li. [p=]er tune,
+wheras others carried for 3. and he made them pay their fraight ready
+downe, before y^e ship wente out of y^e harbore, wheras others payed
+upon certificate of y^e goods being delivered, and their fraight came to
+upward of 6. score pounds, yet they had much adoe to have their goods
+delivered, for some of them were chainged, as bread & pease; they were
+forced to take worse for better, neither could they ever gett all. And
+if Josias Winslow had not been ther, it had been worse; for he had y^e
+invoyce, and order to send them to y^e trading houses.
+
+This year their house at Penobscott was robed by y^e French, and all
+their goods of any worth they carried away, to y^e value of 400. or
+500^li. as y^e cost first peny worth; in beaver 300^li. waight; and y^e
+rest in trading goods, as coats, ruggs, blankett, biskett, &c. It was
+in this maner. The m^r. of y^e house, and parte of y^e company with him,
+were come with their vessell to y^e westward to fecth a supply of goods
+which was brought over for them. In y^e mean time comes a smale French
+ship into y^e harbore (and amongst y^e company was a false Scott); they
+pretended they were nuly come from y^e sea, and knew not wher they were,
+and that their vesell was very leake, and desired they might hale her a
+shore and stop their leaks. And many French complements they used, and
+congees they made; and in y^e ende, seeing but 3. or 4. simple men, y^t
+were servants, and by this Scoth-man understanding that y^e maister & ye
+rest of y^e company were gone from home, they fell of comending their
+gunes and muskets, that lay upon racks by y^e wall side, and tooke them
+downe to looke on them, asking if they were charged. And when they were
+possesst of them, one presents a peece ready charged against y^e
+servants, and another a pistoll; and bid them not sturr, but quietly
+deliver them their goods, and carries some of y^e men aborde, & made y^e
+other help to carry away y^e goods. And when they had tooke what they
+pleased, they sett them at liberty, and wente their way, with this
+mocke, biding them tell their m^r. when he came, that some of y^e Ile of
+Rey gentlemen had been ther.[DD]
+
+[DE] This year, on S^r Christopher Gardener, being, as him selfe said,
+descended of y^t house y^t the Bishop of Winchester came of (who was so
+great a persecutor of Gods saincts in Queene Maries days), and being a
+great traveler, received his first honour of knighthood at Jerusalem,
+being made Knight of y^e Sepulcher ther. He came into these parts under
+pretence of forsaking y^e world, and to live a private life, in a godly
+course, not unwilling to put him selfe upon any meane imployments, and
+take any paines for his living; and some time offered him selfe to joyne
+to y^e churchs in sundry places. He brought over with him a servante or
+2. and a comly yonge woman, whom be caled his cousin, but it was
+suspected, she (after y^e Italian maner) was his concubine. Living at
+y^e Massachusets, for some miscariages which he should have answered, he
+fled away from authority, and gott amonge y^e Indeans of these parts;
+they sent after him, but could not gett him, and promissed some reward
+to those y^t should find him. The Indeans came to y^e Gov^r here, and
+tould wher he was, and asked if they might kill him; he tould them no,
+by no means, but if they could take him and bring him hither, they
+should be payed for their paines. They said he had a gune & a rapier, &
+he would kill them if y^ey went aboute it; and y^e Massachuset Indeans
+said they might kille him. But y^e Gov^r tould them no, they should not
+kill him, but watch their opportunitie, & take him. And so they did, for
+when they light of him by a river side, he got into a canowe to get from
+them, & when they came nere him, whilst he presented his peece at them
+to keep them of, the streame carried y^e canow against a rock, and
+tumbled both him & his peece & rapier into y^e water; yet he got out,
+and having a litle dagger by his side, they durst not close with him,
+but getting longe pols they soone beat his dagger out of his hand, so he
+was glad to yeeld; and they brought him to y^e Gov^r. But his hands and
+armes were swolen & very sore with y^e blowes they had given him. So he
+used him kindly, & sent him to a lodging wher his armes were bathed and
+anoynted, and he was quickly well againe, and blamed y^e Indeans for
+beating him so much. They said that they did but a litle whip him with
+sticks. In his lodging, those y^t made his bed found a litle note booke
+that by accidente had slipt out of his pockett, or some private place,
+in which was a memoriall what day he was reconciled to y^e pope & church
+of Rome, and in what universitie he tooke his scapula, and such & such
+degrees. It being brought to y^e Gov^r, he kept it, and sent y^e Gov^r
+of y^e Massachusets word of his taking, who sent for him. So y^e Gov^r
+sent him and these notes to y^e Gov^r ther, who tooke it very thankfuly;
+but after he gott for England, he shewed his malice, but God prevented
+him.
+
+See y^e Gov^r leter on y^e other side.[DF]
+
+  S^r: It hath pleased God to bring S^r. Christopher Gardener safe to
+  us, with thos that came with him. And howsoever I never intended any
+  hard measure to him, but to respecte and use him according to his
+  qualitie, yet I let him know your care of him, and y^t he shall speed
+  y^e better for your mediation. It was a spetiall providence of God to
+  bring those notes of his to our hands; I desire y^t you will please to
+  speake to all y^t are privie to them, not to discovere them to any
+  one, for y^t may frustrate y^e means of any further use to be made of
+  them. The good Lord our God who hath allways ordered things for y^e
+  good of his poore churches here, directe us in this arighte, and
+  dispose it to a good issue. I am sorie we put you to so much trouble
+  about this gentleman, espetialy at this time of great imploymente, but
+  I know not how to avoyed it. I must againe intreate you, to let me
+  know what charge & troble any of your people have been at aboute him,
+  y^t it may be recompenced. So with the true affection of a frind,
+  desiring all happines to your selfe & yours, and to all my worthy
+  friends with you (whom I love in y^e Lord), I comende you to his grace
+  & good providence, & rest
+
+  Your most assured friend,
+  JOHN WINTHROP.
+
+  Boston, May 5. 1631.
+
+By occation wherof I will take a litle libertie to declare what fell out
+by this mans means & malice, complying with others. And though I doubt
+not but it will be more fully done by my honourd friends, whom it did
+more directly concerne, and have more perticuler knowledg of y^e matter,
+yet I will here give a hinte of y^e same, and Gods providence in
+preventing y^e hurte that might have come by y^e same. The intelligence
+I had by a letter from my much hon^d and beloved friend, Mr. John
+Winthrop, Gov^r of y^e Massachusets.
+
+  S^r: Upon a petition exhibited by S^r. Christo: Gardner, S^r. Ferd:
+  Gorges, Captaine Masson, &c., against you and us, the cause was heard
+  before y^e lords of y^e Privie Counsell, and after reported to y^e
+  king, the sucsess wherof maks it evident to all, that y^e Lord hath
+  care of his people hear. The passages are admirable, and too long to
+  write. I hartily wish an opportunitie to imparte them unto you, being
+  m[=a]y sheets of paper. But y^e conclusion was (against all mens
+  expectation) an order for our incouragmente, and much blame and
+  disgrace upon y^e adversaries, w^ch calls for much thankfullnes from
+  us all, which we purpose (y^e Lord willing) to express in a day of
+  thanks-giving to our mercifull God, (I doubt not but you will
+  consider, if it be not fitt for you to joyne in it,) who, as he hath
+  humbled us by his late correction, so he hath lifted us up, by an
+  abundante rejoysing, in our deliverance out of so desperate a danger;
+  so as that w^ch our enemies builte their hopes upon to ruine us by, He
+  hath mercifully disposed to our great advantage, as I shall further
+  aquainte you, when occasion shall serve.
+
+  The coppy of y^e order follows.
+
+  At y^e courte at Whit-hall y^e 19. Jan: 1632.
+
+  Present
+
+  _Sigillum_ Lord Privie Seale
+  Ea: of Dorsett
+  Lo: Vi: Falkland
+  Lo: Bp: of London
+  Lord Cottinton
+  M^r. Tre^r
+  M^r. Vic Chamb^r
+  M^r. Sec: Cooke
+  Maister Sec: Windebanck
+
+  Wheras his Ma^tie hath latly been informed of great distraction and
+  much disorder in y^t plantation in y^e parts of America called
+  New-England, which, if they be true, & suffered to rune on, would
+  tende to y^e great dishonour of this kingdome, and utter ruine of that
+  plantation. For prevention wherof, and for y^e orderly settling of
+  goverment, according to y^e intention of those patents which have been
+  granted by his Ma^tie and from his late royall father king James, it
+  hath pleased his Ma^tie that y^e lords & others of his most honourable
+  Privie Counsell, should take y^e same into consideration. Their
+  lordships in y^e first place thought fitt to make a comitie of this
+  bord, to take examination of y^e matters informed; which comitties
+  having called diverse of y^e principall adventurers in y^t plantation,
+  and heard those that are complanants against them, most of the things
+  informed being deneyed, and resting to be proved by parties that must
+  be called from y^t place, which required a long expence of time; and
+  at presente their lordships finding the adventurers were upon dispatch
+  of men, victles, and marchandice for y^t place, all which would be at
+  a stand, if y^e adventurers should have discouragmente, or take
+  suspition that the state hear had no good opinion of y^t plantation;
+  their lordships, not laying the faulte or fancies (if any be) of some
+  perticuler men upon the generall govermente, or principall
+  adventurers, (which in due time is further to be inquired into,) have
+  thought fitt in y^e meane time to declare, that the appearences were
+  so faire, and hopes so greate, y^t the countrie would prove both
+  beneficiall to this kingdom, and profitable to the perticuler
+  adventurers, as y^t the adventurers had cause to goe on cherfully with
+  their undertakings, and rest assured, if things were carried as was
+  pretended when y^e patents were granted, and accordingly as by the
+  patentes it is appointed, his Majestie would not only maintaine the
+  liberties & privileges heretofore granted, but supply any thing
+  further that might tend to the good govermente, prosperitie, and
+  comforte of his people ther of that place, &c.
+
+  WILLIAM TRUMBALL.
+
+_Anno Dom_: 1632.
+
+M^r. Allerton, returning for England, litle regarded his bound of a
+1000^li. to performe covenants; for wheras he was bound by y^e same to
+bring y^e ship to [190] London, and to pay 30^li. per month for her
+hire, he did neither of boath, for he carried her to Bristoll againe,
+from whence he intended to sett her out againe, and so did y^e 3. time,
+into these parts (as after will appear); and though she had been 10.
+months upon y^e former viage, at 30^li. [p=]^r month, yet he never payed
+peney for hire. It should seeme he knew well enough how to deale with
+M^r. Sherley. And M^r. Sherley, though he would needs tye her & her
+accounte upon y^e generall, yet he would dispose of her as him selfe
+pleased; for though M^r. Winslow had in their names protested against
+y^e receiving her on y^t accounte, or if ever they should hope to
+preveile in shuch a thing, yet never to suffer M^r. Allerton to have any
+more to doe in her, yet he y^e last year let her wholy unto him, and
+injoyned them to send all their supplye in her to their prejudice, as is
+before noted. And now, though he broke his bonds, kepte no covenante,
+paid no hire, nor was ever like to keep covenants, yet now he goes and
+sells him all, both ship, & all her accounts, from first to last (and in
+effecte he might as well have given him y^e same); and not only this,
+but he doth as good as provide a sanctuary for him, for he gives him one
+years time to prepare his accounte, and then to give up y^e same to them
+here; and then another year for him to make paymente of what should be
+due upon y^t accounte. And in y^e mean time writs ernestly to them not
+to interupte or hinder him from his bussines, or stay him aboute
+clearing accounts, &c.; so as he in y^e mean time gathers up all monies
+due for fraighte, and any other debtes belonging either to her, or y^e
+Frindship's accounts, as his owne perticuler; and after, sells ship, &
+ordnans, fish, & what he had raised, in Spaine, according to y^e first
+designe, in effecte; and who had, or what became of y^e money, he best
+knows. In y^e mean time their hands were bound, and could doe nothing
+but looke on, till he had made all away into other mens hands (save a
+few catle & a litle land & some small maters he had here at Plimoth),
+and so in y^e end removed, as he had allready his person, so all his
+from hence. This will better appere by M^r. Sherley's leter.
+
+  S^r: These few lines are further to give you to understand, that
+  seeing you & we, that never differed yet but aboute y^e White-Angell,
+  which somewhat troubleth us, as I perceive it doth you. And now M^r.
+  Allerton beeing here, we have had some confferance with him about her,
+  and find him very willing to give you & us all contente y^t possiblie
+  he can, though he burthen him selfe. He is contente to take y^e
+  White-Angell wholy on him selfe, notwithstanding he mett with pirates
+  nere y^e coast of Ierland, which tooke away his best sayles & other
+  provissions from her; so as verily if we should now sell her, she
+  would yeeld but a small price, besids her ordnance. And to set her
+  forth againe with fresh money we would not, she being now at Bristoll.
+  Wherfore we thought it best, both for you & us, M^r. Allerton being
+  willing to take her, to accepte of his bond of tow thousand pounds, to
+  give [191] you a true & perfecte accounte, and take y^e whole charge
+  of y^e Whit-Angell wholy to him selfe, from y^e first to y^e last. The
+  accounte he is to make and perfecte within 12. months from y^e date of
+  this letter, and then to pay you at 6. and 6. months after, what
+  soever shall be due unto you and us upon the foote of y^t accounte.
+  And verily, notwithstanding all y^e disasters he hath had, I am
+  perswaded he hath enough to pay all men here and ther. Only they must
+  have patience till he can gather in what is due to him ther. I doe not
+  write this slightly, but upon some ground of what I have seen (and
+  perhaps you know not of) under y^e hands & seals of some, &c. I rest
+
+  Your assured friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Des: 6. 1632.
+
+But heres not a word of y^e breach of former bonds & covenants, or
+paimente of y^e ships hire; this is passt by as if no such thing had
+been; besids what bonds or obligments so ever they had of him, ther
+never came any into y^e hands or sight of y^e partners here. And for
+this y^t M^r. Sherley seems to intimate (as a secrete) of his abilitie,
+under y^e hands & seals of some, it was but a trick, having gathered up
+an accounte of what was owing form such base fellows as he had made
+traders for him, and other debts; and then got M^r. Mahue, & some
+others, to affirme under their hand & seale, that they had seen shuch
+accounts y^t were due to him.
+
+Mr. Hatherley came over againe this year, but upon his owne occasions,
+and begane to make preparation to plant & dwell in y^e countrie. He with
+his former dealings had wound in what money he had in y^e patnership
+into his owne hands, and so gave off all partnership (excepte in name),
+as was found in y^e issue of things; neither did he medle, or take any
+care aboute y^e same; only he was troubled about his ingagmente aboute
+y^e Friendship, as will after appeare. And now partly aboute y^t
+accounte, in some reconings betweene M^r. Allerton and him, and some
+debts y^t M^r. Allerton otherwise owed him upon dealing between them in
+perticuler, he drue up an accounte of above 2000^li., and would faine
+have ingaged y^e partners here with it, because M^r. Allerton had been
+their agent. But they tould him they had been fool'd longe enough with
+such things, and shewed him y^t it no way belonged to them; but tould
+him he must looke to make good his ingagment for y^e Freindship, which
+caused some trouble betweene M^r. Allerton and him.
+
+M^r. William Peirce did y^e like, M^r. Allerton being wound into his
+debte also upon particuler dealings; as if they had been bound to make
+good all mens debts. But they easily shooke off these things. But M^r.
+Allerton herby rane into much trouble & vexation, as well as he had
+troubled others, for M^r. Denison sued him for y^e money he had
+disbursed for y^e 6. part of y^e Whit-Angell, & recovered y^e same with
+damages.
+
+Though y^e partners were thus pl[=u]ged into great ingagments, &
+oppresed with unjust debts, yet y^e Lord prospered their trading, that
+they made yearly large returnes, and had soone wound them selves out of
+all, if yet they had otherwise been well delt with all; as will more
+appear here after. [192] Also y^e people of y^e plantation begane to
+grow in their owtward estats, by reason[DG] of y^e flowing of many
+people into y^e cuntrie, espetially into y^e Bay of y^e Massachusets; by
+which means corne & catle rose to a great prise, by w^ch many were much
+inriched, and co[=m]odities grue plentifull; and yet in other regards
+this benefite turned to their hurte, and this accession of strength to
+their weaknes. For now as their stocks increased, and y^e increse
+vendible, ther was no longer any holding them togeather, but now they
+must of necessitie goe to their great lots; they could not other wise
+keep their katle; and having oxen growne, they must have land for
+plowing & tillage. And no man now thought he could live, except he had
+catle and a great deale of ground to keep them; all striving to increase
+their stocks. By which means they were scatered all over y^e bay,
+quickly, and y^e towne, in which they lived compactly till now, was left
+very thine, and in a short time allmost desolate. And if this had been
+all, it had been less, thoug to much; but y^e church must also be
+devided, and those y^t had lived so long togeather in Christian &
+comfortable fellowship must now part and suffer many divissions. First,
+those that lived on their lots on y^e other side of the bay (called
+Duxberie) they could not long bring their wives & children to y^e
+publick worship & church meetings here, but with such burthen, as,
+growing to some competente number, they sued to be dismissed and become
+a body of them selves; and so they were dismiste (about this time),
+though very unwillingly. But to touch this sadd matter, and handle
+things together that fell out afterward. To prevent any further
+scatering from this place, and weakning of y^e same, it was thought best
+to give out some good farms to spetiall persons, y^t would promise to
+live at Plimoth, and lickly to be helpfull to y^e church or comonewelth,
+and so tye y^e lands to Plimoth as farmes for the same; and ther they
+might keepe their catle & tillage by some servants, and retaine their
+dwellings here. And so some spetiall lands were granted at a place
+generall, called Greens Harbor, wher no allotments had been in y^e
+former divission, a plase very weell meadowed, and fitt to keep & rear
+catle, good store. But alass! this remedy proved worse then y^e disease;
+for w^{th}in a few years those that had thus gott footing ther rente
+them selves away, partly by force, and partly wearing y^e rest with
+importunitie and pleas of necessitie, so as they must either suffer them
+to goe, or live in continuall opposition and contention. And others
+still, as y^ey conceived them selves straitened, or to want
+acco[=m]odation, break away under one pretence or other, thinking their
+owne conceived necessitie, and the example of others, a warrente
+sufficente for them. And this, I fear, will be y^e ruine of New-England,
+at least of y^e churches of God ther, & will provock y^e Lords
+displeasure against them.
+
+[193] This year, M^r. William Perce came into y^e cuntry, & brought
+goods and passengers, in a ship caled y^e Lyon, which belonged cheefly
+to M^r. Sherley, and y^e rest of y^e London partners, but these hear had
+nothing to doe with her. In this ship (besides beaver which they had
+sent home before) they sent upwards of 800^li. in her, and some otter
+skines; and also y^e coppies of M^r. Allertons accounts, desiring that
+they would also peruse & examene them, and rectifie shuch things as
+they should find amise in them; and rather because they were better
+acquaynted with y^e goods bought ther, and y^e disbursments made, then
+they could bee here; yea, a great part were done by them selves, though
+M^r. Allerton brougt in y^e accounte, and sundry things seemed to them
+obscure and had need of clearing. Also they sente a booke of exceptions
+against his accounts, in such things as they could manifest, and doubted
+not but they might adde more therunto. And also shewed them how much
+M^r. Allerton was debtor to y^e accounte; and desired, seeing they had
+now put y^e ship White-Angell, and all, wholy into his power, and tyed
+their hands here, that they could not call him to accounte for any
+thinge, till y^e time was expired which they had given him, and by that
+time other men would get their debts of him, (as sume had done already
+by suing him,) and he would make all away here quickly out of their
+reach; and therfore prayed them to looke to things, and gett paymente of
+him ther, as it was all y^e reason they should, seeing they keept all
+y^e bonds & covenants they made with him in their owne hands; and here
+they could doe nothing by y^e course they had taken, nor had any thing
+to show if they should goe aboute it. But it pleased God, this ship,
+being first to goe to Verginia before she wente home, was cast away on
+y^t coast, not farr from Virginia, and their beaver was all lost (which
+was y^e first loss they sustained in that kind); but M^r. Peirce & y^e
+men saved their lives, and also their leters, and gott into Virginia,
+and so safly home. Y^e accounts were now sent from hence againe to them.
+And thus much of y^e passages of this year.
+
+_A part of M^r. Peirce his leter[DH] from Virginia._
+
+It was dated in Des: 25. 1632. and came to their hand y^e 7. of Aprill,
+before they heard any thing from England.
+
+  Dear freinds, &c. Y^e bruit of this fatall stroke that y^e Lord hath
+  brought both on me and you all will come to your ears before this
+  co[=m]eth to your hands, (it is like,) and therfore I shall not need
+  to inlarg in perticulers, &c. My whole estate (for y^e most parte) is
+  taken away; and so yours, in a great measure, by this and your former
+  losses [he means by y^e French & M^r. Allerton]. It is time to looke
+  aboute us, before y^e wrath of y^e Lord breake forth to utter
+  destruction. The good Lord give us all grace to search our harts and
+  trie our ways, and turne unto y^e Lord, and humble our selves under
+  his mightie hand, and seeke atonemente, &c. Dear freinds, you may know
+  y^t all your beaver, and y^e books of your accounts, are swallowed up
+  in y^e sea; your letters remaine with me, and shall be delivered, if
+  God bring me home. But what should I more say? Have we lost our
+  outward estates? yet a hapy loss if our soules may gaine; ther is yet
+  more in y^e Lord Jehova than ever we had yet in y^e world. Oh that our
+  foolish harts could yet be wained from y^e things here below, which
+  are vanity and vexation of spirite; and yet we fooles catch after
+  shadows, y^t flye away, & are gone in a momente, &c. Thus with my
+  continuall remembrance of you in my poore desires to y^e throne of
+  grace, beseeching God to renew his love & favoure towards you all, in
+  & through y^e Lord Jesus Christ, both in spirituall & temporall good
+  things, as may be most to the glory & praise of his name, and your
+  everlasting good. So I rest,
+
+  Your afflicted brother in Christ,
+  WILLIAM PEIRCE.
+
+  Virginia, Des: 25. 1632.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1633._
+
+This year M^r. Ed: Winslow was chosen Governor.
+
+By the first returne this year, they had leters from M^r. Sherley of
+M^r. Allertons further ill success, and y^e loss by M^r. Peirce, with
+many sadd complaints; but litle hope of any thinge to be gott of M^r.
+Allerton, or how their accounts might be either eased, or any way
+rectified by them ther; but now saw plainly y^t the burthen of all would
+be cast on their backs. The spetiall passages of his letters I shall
+here inserte, as shall be pertinente to these things; for though I am
+weary of this tedious & uncomfortable subjecte, yet for y^e clearing of
+y^e truth I am compelled to be more larg in y^e opening of these
+matters, upon w^ch [194] so much trouble hath insued, and so many hard
+censures have passed on both sids. I would not be partiall to either,
+but deliver y^e truth in all, and, as nere as I can, in their owne words
+and passages, and so leave it to the impartiall judgment of any that
+shall come to read, or veiw these things. His leters are as folow,
+dated June 24. 1633.
+
+[Illustration: EDWARD WINSLOW.]
+
+  Loving friends, my last[DI] was sente in y^e Mary & John, by M^r.
+  William Collier, &c. I then certified you of y^e great, &
+  uncomfortable, and unseasonable loss you & we had, in y^e loss of M^r.
+  Peirce his ship, y^e Lyon; but y^e Lords holy name be blessed, who
+  gives & taks as it pleaseth him; his will be done, Amen. I then
+  related unto you y^t fearfull accidente, or rather judgmente, y^e Lord
+  pleased to lay on London Bridge, by fire, and therin gave you a touch
+  of my great loss; the Lord, I hope, will give me patience to bear it,
+  and faith to trust in him, & not in these slipery and uncertaine
+  things of this world.
+
+  I hope M^r. Allerton is nere upon sayle with you by this; but he had
+  many disasters here before he could gett away; yet y^e last was a
+  heavie one; his ship, going out of y^e harbor at Bristoll, by stormie
+  weather was so farr driven on y^e shore, as it cost him above 100^li.
+  before shee could be gott off againe. Verily his case was so
+  lamentable as I could not but afford him some help therin (and so did
+  some were strangers to him); besids, your goods were in her, and if he
+  had not been supported, he must have broke off his viage, and so loss
+  could not have been avoyded on all sides. When he first bought her, I
+  thinke he had made a saving match, if he had then sunck her, and never
+  set her forth. I hope he sees y^e Lords hand against him, and will
+  leave of these viages. I thinke we did well in parting with her; she
+  would have been but a clogge to y^e accounte from time to time, and
+  now though we shall not gett much by way of satisfaction, yet we shall
+  lose no more. And now, as before I have writte, I pray you finish all
+  y^e accounts and reconings with him there; for here he hath nothing,
+  but many debtes that he stands ingaged to many men for. Besids, here
+  is not a man y^t will spend a day, or scarce an hower, aboute y^e
+  accounts but my selfe, and y^t bussines will require more time and
+  help then I can afford. I shall not need to say any more; I hope you
+  will doe y^t which shall be best & just, to which adde mercie, and
+  consider his intente, though he failed in many perticulers, which now
+  cannot be helped, &c.
+
+  To morrow, or next day at furthest, we are to pay 300^li. and M^r.
+  Beachamp is out of y^e towne, yet y^e bussines I must doe. Oh the
+  greefe & trouble y^t man, M^r. Allerton, hath brought upon you and us!
+  I cannot forgett it, and to thinke on it draws many a sigh from my
+  harte, and teares from my eyes. And now y^e Lord hath visited me with
+  an other great loss, yet I can undergoe it with more patience. But
+  this I have follishly pulled upon my selfe, &c. [And in another, he
+  hath this passage:] By M^r. Allertons faire propositions and large
+  [195] promises, I have over rune my selfe; verily, at this time greefe
+  hinders me to write, and tears will not suffer me to see; wherfore, as
+  you love those that ever loved you, and y^t plantation, thinke upon
+  us. Oh what shall I say of that man, who hath abused your trust and
+  wronged our loves! but now to complaine is too late, nither can I
+  complaine of your backwardnes, for I am perswaded it lys as heavie on
+  your harts, as it doth on our purses or credites. And had y^e Lord
+  sent M^r. Peirce safe home, we had eased both you and us of some of
+  those debts; the Lord I hope will give us patience to bear these
+  crosses; and that great God, whose care & providence is every where,
+  and spetially over all those that desire truly to fear and serve him,
+  direct, guid, prosper, & blesse you so, as y^t you may be able (as I
+  perswade my selfe you are willing) to discharge & take off this great
+  & heavie burthen which now lyes upon me for your saks; and I hope in
+  y^e ende for y^e good of you, and many thousands more; for had not
+  you & we joyned & continued togeather, New-England might yet have been
+  scarce knowne, I am perswaded, not so replenished & inhabited with
+  honest English people, as it now is. The Lord increase & blesse them,
+  &c. So, with my continuall praiers for you all, I rest
+
+  Your assured loving friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  June 24. 1633.
+
+By this it apperes when M^r. Sherly sould him y^e ship & all her
+accounts, it was more for M^r. Allertons advantage then theirs; and if
+they could get any there, well & good, for they were like to have
+nothing here. And what course was held to hinder them there, hath
+allready beene manifested. And though M^r. Sherley became more sinsible
+of his owne condition, by these losses, and therby more sadly & plainly
+to complaine of M^r. Allerton, yet no course was taken to help them
+here, but all left unto them selves; not so much as to examene &
+rectifie y^e accounts, by which (it is like) some hundereds of pounds
+might have been taken off. But very probable it is, the more they saw
+was taken off, y^e less might come unto them selves. But I leave these
+maters, & come to other things.
+
+M^r. Roger Williams (a man godly & zealous, having many precious parts,
+but very unsettled in judgmente) came over first to y^e Massachusets,
+but upon some discontente left y^t place, and came hither, (wher he was
+fri[=e]dly entertained, according to their poore abilitie,) and
+exercised his gifts amongst them, & after some time was admitted a
+member of y^e church; and his teaching well approoved, for y^e benefite
+wherof I still blese God, and am thankfull to him, even for his sharpest
+admonitions & reproufs, so farr as they agreed with truth. He this year
+begane to fall into some strang oppi[=i]ons, and from opinion to
+practise; which caused some controversie betweene y^e church & him, and
+in y^e end some discontente on his parte, by occasion wherof he left
+them some thing abruptly. Yet after wards sued for his dismission to y^e
+church of Salem, which was granted, with some caution to them concerning
+him, and what care they ought to have of him. But he soone fell into
+more things ther, both to their and y^e governments troble and [196]
+disturbance. I shall not need to name perticulers, they are too well
+knowen now to all, though for a time y^e church here wente under some
+hard censure by his occasion, from some that afterwards smarted them
+selves. But he is to be pitied, and prayed for, and so I shall leave y^e
+matter, and desire y^e Lord to shew him his errors, and reduse him into
+y^e way of truth, and give him a setled judgment and constancie in y^e
+same; for I hope he belongs to y^e Lord, and y^t he will shew him
+mercie.
+
+Having had formerly converse and famliarity with y^e Dutch, (as is
+before remembred,) they, seeing them seated here in a barren quarter,
+tould them of a river called by them y^e Fresh River, but now is known
+by y^e name of Conightecute-River, which they often co[=m]ended unto
+them for a fine place both for plantation and trade, and wished them to
+make use of it. But their hands being full otherwise, they let it pass.
+But afterwards ther coming a company of banishte Indeans into these
+parts, that were drivene out from thence by the potencie of y^e
+Pequents, which usurped upon them, and drive them from thence, they
+often sollisited them to goe thither, and they should have much trad,
+espetially if they would keep a house ther. And having now good store of
+comodities, and allso need to looke out wher they could advantage them
+selves to help them out of their great ingagments, they now begane to
+send that way to discover y^e same, and trade with y^e natives. They
+found it to be a fine place, but had no great store of trade; but y^e
+Indeans excused y^e same in regard of y^e season, and the fear y^e
+Indans were in of their enemise. So they tried diverce times, not with
+out profite, but saw y^e most certainty would be by keeping a house
+ther, to receive y^e trad when it came down out of y^e inland. These
+Indeans, not seeing them very forward to build ther, solisited them of
+y^e Massachusets in like sorte (for their end was to be restored to
+their countrie againe); but they in y^e Bay being but latly come, were
+not fitte for y^e same; but some of their cheefe made a motion to joyne
+w^th the partners here, to trad joyntly with them in y^t river, the
+which they were willing to imbrace, and so they should have builte, and
+put in equall stock togeather. A time of meeting was appointed at y^e
+Massachusets, and some of y^e cheefe here was appointed to treat with
+them, and went accordingly; but they cast many fears of deanger & loss
+and the like, which was perceived to be the maine obstacles, though they
+alledged they were not provided of trading goods. But those hear offered
+at presente to put in sufficiente for both, provided they would become
+ingaged for y^e halfe, and prepare against y^e nexte year. They
+conffessed more could not be offered, but thanked them, and tould them
+they had no mind to it. They then answered, they hoped it would be no
+offence unto [197] them, if them sellves wente on without them, if they
+saw it meete. They said ther was no reason they should; and thus this
+treaty broake of, and those here tooke conveniente time to made a
+begining ther; and were y^e first English that both discovered that
+place, and built in y^e same, though they were litle better then thrust
+out of it afterward as may appeare.
+
+But y^e Dutch begane now to repente, and hearing of their purpose &
+preparation, ind[=e]oured to prevente them, and gott in a litle before
+them, and made a slight forte, and planted 2. peeces of ordnance,
+thretening to stopp their passage. But they having made a smale frame of
+a house ready, and haveing a great new-barke, they stowed their frame in
+her hold, & bords to cover & finishe it, having nayles & all other
+provisions fitting for their use. This they did y^e rather that they
+might have a presente defence against y^e Indeans, who weare much
+offended that they brought home & restored y^e right Sachem of y^e place
+(called Natawanute); so as they were to incounter with a duble danger in
+this attempte, both y^e Dutch and y^e Indeans. When they came up y^e
+river, the Dutch demanded what they intended, and whither they would
+goe; they answered, up y^e river to trade (now their order was to goe
+and seat above them). They bid them strike, & stay, or els they would
+shoote them; & stood by ther ordnance ready fitted. They answered they
+had co[=m]ission from y^e Gov^r of Plimoth to goe up y^e river to such a
+place, and if they did shoote, they must obey their order and proceede;
+they would not molest them, but would goe one. So they passed along, and
+though the Dutch threatened them hard, yet they shoot not. Co[=m]ing to
+their place, they clapt up their house quickly, and landed their
+provissions, and left y^e companie appoynted, and sent the barke home;
+and afterwards palisadoed their house aboute, and fortified them selves
+better. The Dutch sent word home to y^e Monhatas what was done: and in
+proces of time, they sent a band of aboute 70. men, in warrlike maner,
+with collours displayed, to assaulte them; but seeing them strengtened,
+& that it would cost blood, they came to parley, and returned in peace.
+And this was their enterance ther, who deserved to have held it, and not
+by freinds to have been thrust out, as in a sorte they were, as will
+after appere. They did y^e Dutch no wrong, for they took not a foote of
+any land they bought, but went to y^e place above them, and bought that
+tracte of land which belonged to these Indeans which they carried with
+them, and their friends, with whom y^e Dutch had nothing to doe. But of
+these matters more in another place.
+
+It pleased y^e Lord to visite them this year with an infectious fevoure,
+of which many fell very sicke, and upward of 20. persons dyed, men and
+women, besids children, and sundry of them of their anciente friends
+which had lived in Holand; as Thomas Blossome, Richard Masterson, with
+sundry [198] others, and in y^e end (after he had much helped others)
+Samuell Fuller, who was their surgeon & phisition, and had been a great
+help and comforte unto them; as in his facultie, so otherwise, being a
+deacon of y^e church, a man godly, and forward to doe good, being much
+missed after his death; and he and y^e rest of their brethren much
+lamented by them, and caused much sadnes & mourning amongst them; which
+caused them to humble them selves, & seeke y^e Lord; and towards winter
+it pleased the Lord y^e sicknes ceased. This disease allso swept away
+many of y^e Indeans from all y^e places near adjoyning; and y^e spring
+before, espetially all y^e month of May, ther was such a quantitie of a
+great sorte of flies, like (for bignes) to wasps, or bumble-bees, which
+came out of holes in y^e ground, and replenished all y^e woods, and eate
+y^e green-things, and made such a constante yelling noyes, as made all
+y^e woods ring of them, and ready to deafe y^e hearers. They have not by
+y^e English been heard or seen before or since. But y^e Indeans tould
+them y^t sicknes would follow, and so it did in June, July, August, and
+y^e cheefe heat of so[=m]er.
+
+It pleased y^e Lord to inable them this year to send home a great
+quantity of beaver, besids paing all their charges, & debts at home,
+which good returne did much incourage their freinds in England. They
+sent in beaver 3366^li. waight, and much of it coat beaver, which yeeled
+20^s. [p=]^r pound, & some of it above; and of otter-skines[DJ] 346.
+sould also at a good prise. And thus much of y^e affairs of this year.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1634._
+
+This year M^r. Thomas Prence was chosen Gov^r.
+
+M^r. Sherleys letters were very breefe in answer of theirs this year. I
+will forbear to coppy any part therof, only name a head or 2. therm.
+First, he desirs they will take nothing ill in what he formerly write,
+professing his good affection towards them as before, &c. 2^ly. For M^r.
+Allertons accounts, he is perswaded they must suffer, and y^t in no
+small su[=m]es; and that they have cause enough to complaine, but it
+was now too late. And that he had failed them ther, those here, and him
+selfe in his owne aimes. And that now, having thus left them here, he
+feared God had or would leave him, and it would not be strang, but a
+wonder if he fell not into worse things, &c. 3^ly. He blesseth God and
+is thankfull to them for y^e good returne made this year. This is y^e
+effecte of his letters, other things being of more private nature.
+
+I am now to enter upon one of y^e sadest things that befell them since
+they came; but before I begine, it will be needfull to premise such
+parte of their patente as gives them right and priviledge at Kenebeck;
+as followeth:
+
+  [199] The said Counsell hath further given, granted, barganed, sold,
+  infeoffed, alloted, assigned, & sett over, and by these presents doe
+  clearly and absolutly give, grante, bargane, sell, alliene, enffeofe,
+  allote, assigne, and confirme unto y^e said William Bradford, his
+  heires, associates, and assignes, All that tracte of land or part of
+  New-England in America afforesaid, which lyeth within or betweene, and
+  extendeth it selfe from y^e utmost limits of Cobiseconte, which
+  adjoyneth to y^e river of Kenebeck, towards the westerne ocean, and a
+  place called y^e falls of Nequamkick in America, aforsaid; and y^e
+  space of 15. English myles on each side of y^e said river, commonly
+  called Kenebeck River, and all y^e said river called Kenebeck that
+  lyeth within the said limits & bounds, eastward, westward, northward,
+  & southward, last above mentioned; and all lands, grounds, soyles,
+  rivers, waters, fishing, &c. And by vertue of y^e authority to us
+  derived by his said late Ma^tis Lr[=e]s patents, to take, apprehend,
+  seise, and make prise of all such persons, their ships and goods, as
+  shall attempte to inhabite or trade with y^e savage people of that
+  countrie within y^e severall precincts and limits of his & their
+  severall plantations, &c.
+
+Now it so fell out, that one Hocking, belonging to y^e plantation of
+Pascataway, wente with a barke and co[=m]odities to trade in that river,
+and would needs press into their limites; and not only so, but would
+needs goe up y^e river above their house, (towards y^e falls of y^e
+river,) and intercept the trade that should come to them. He that was
+cheefe of y^e place forbad them, and prayed him that he would not offer
+them that injurie, nor goe aboute to infring their liberties, which had
+cost them so dear. But he answered he would goe up and trade ther in
+dispite of them, and lye ther as longe as he pleased. The other tould
+him he must then be forced to remove him from thence, or make seasure of
+him if he could. He bid him doe his worste, and so wente up, and
+anchored ther. The other tooke a boat & some men & went up to him, when
+he saw his time, and againe entreated him to departe by what perswasion
+he could. But all in vaine: he could gett nothing of him but ill words.
+So he considred that now was y^e season for trade to come downe, and if
+he should suffer him to lye, & take it from them, all ther former charge
+would be lost, and they had better throw up all. So, consulting with
+his men, (who were willing thertoe,) he resolved to put him from his
+anchores, and let him drive downe y^e river with y^e streame; but
+co[=m]anded y^e men y^t none should shoote a shote upon any occasion,
+except he co[=m]anded them. He spoake to him againe, but all in vaine;
+then he sente a cuple in a canow to cutt his cable, the which one of
+them performes; but Hocking taks up a pece which he had layed ready, and
+as y^e barke shered by y^e canow, he shote [200] him close under her
+side, in y^e head, (as I take it,) so he fell downe dead instantly. One
+of his fellows (that loved him well) could not hold, but with a muskett
+shot Hocking, who fell downe dead and never speake word. This was y^e
+truth of y^e thing. The rest of y^e men carried home the vessell and y^e
+sad tidings of these things. Now y^e Lord Saye & y^e Lord Brooks, with
+some other great persons, had a hand in this plantation; they write home
+to them, as much as they could to exasperate them in y^e matter,
+leaveing out all y^e circomstances, as if he had been kild without any
+offenc of his parte, conceling y^t he had kild another first, and y^e
+just occasion that he had given in offering such wrong; at w^ch their
+Lords^ps were much offended, till they were truly informed of y^e mater.
+
+The bruite of this was quickly carried all aboute, (and y^t in y^e worst
+maner,) and came into y^e Bay to their neighbours their. Their owne
+barke co[=m]ing home, and bringing a true relation of y^e matter, sundry
+were sadly affected with y^e thing, as they had cause. It was not long
+before they had occasion to send their vessell into y^e Bay of y^e
+Massachusetts; but they were so prepossest with this matter, and
+affected with y^e same, as they co[=m]ited M^r. Alden to prison, who was
+in y^e bark, and had been at Kenebeck, but was no actore in y^e
+bussines, but wente to carie them supply. They dismist y^e barke aboute
+her bussines, but kept him for some time. This was thought strang here,
+and they sente Capten Standish to give them true information, (togeather
+with their letters,) and y^e best satisfaction they could, and to
+procure M^r. Alden's release. I shall recite a letter or 2. which will
+show the passages of these things, as folloeth.
+
+  Good S^r:
+
+  I have received your [~l]r[=e]^s by Captaine Standish, & am unfainedly
+  glad of Gods mercie towards you in y^e recovery of your health, or
+  some way thertoo. For y^e bussines you write of, I thought meete to
+  answer a word or 2. to your selfe, leaving the answer of your Gov^or
+  [~l]re to our courte, to whom y^e same, together with my selfe is
+  directed. I conceive (till I hear new matter to y^e contrary) that
+  your patente may warrente your resistance of any English from trading
+  at Kenebeck, and y^t blood of Hocking, and y^e partie he slue, will be
+  required at his hands. Yet doe I with your selfe & others sorrow for
+  their deaths. I thinke likewise y^t your generall [~l]r[=e]s will
+  satisfie our courte, and make them cease from any further inter
+  medling in y^e mater. I have upon y^e same [~l]re sett M^r. Alden at
+  liberty, and his sureties, and yet, least I should seeme to neglecte
+  y^e opinion of our court & y^e frequente speeches of others with us,
+  I have bound Captaine Standish to appeare y^e 3. of June at our nexte
+  courte, to make affidavid for y^e coppie of y^e patente, and to
+  manifest the circumstances of Hockins provocations; both which will
+  tend to y^e clearing of your inocencie. If any unkindnes hath ben
+  taken from what we have done, let it be further & better considred of,
+  I pray you; and I hope y^e more you thinke of it, the lesse blame you
+  will impute to us. At least you ought to be just in differencing them,
+  whose opinions concurr [201] with your owne, from others who were
+  opposites; and yet I may truly say, I have spoken w^th no man in y^e
+  bussines who taxed you most, but they are such as have many wayes
+  heretofore declared ther good affections towards your plantation. I
+  further referr my selfe to y^e reporte of Captaine Standish & M^r.
+  Allden; leaving you for this presente to Gods blessing, wishing unto
+  you perfecte recovery of health, and y^e long continuance of it. I
+  desire to be lovingly remembred to M^r. Prence, your Governor, M^r.
+  Winslow, M^r. Brewster, whom I would see if I knew how. The Lord keepe
+  you all. Amen.
+
+  Your very loving friend in our Lord Jesus,
+  THO: DUDLEY.
+
+  New-towne, y^e 22. of May, 1631.
+
+_Another of his about these things as followeth._
+
+  S^r: I am right sorrie for y^e news that Captaine Standish & other of
+  your neigbours and my beloved freinds will bring now to Plimoth,
+  wherin I suffer with you, by reason of my opinion, which differeth
+  from others, who are godly & wise, amongst us here, the reverence of
+  whose judgments causeth me to suspecte myne owne ignorance; yet must I
+  remaine in it untill I be convinced therof. I thought not to have
+  shewed your letter written to me, but to have done my best to have
+  reconciled differences in y^e best season & maner I could; but
+  Captaine Standish requiring an answer therof publickly in y^e courte,
+  I was forced to produce it, and that made y^e breach soe wide as he
+  can tell you. I propounded to y^e courte, to answer M^r. Prences [~l]re,
+  your Gov^r, but our courte said it required no answer, it selfe being
+  an answer to a former [~l]re of ours. I pray you certifie M^r. Prence so
+  much, and others whom it conce[~r]eth, that no neglecte or ill
+  ma[=n]ers be imputed to me theraboute. The late [~l]res I received from
+  England wrought in me divere fears[DK] of some trials which are
+  shortly like to fall upon us; and this unhappie contention betweene
+  you and us, and between you & Pascattaway, will hasten them, if God
+  with an extraordinarie hand doe not help us. To reconcile this for y^e
+  presente will be very difficulte, but time cooleth distempers, and a
+  comone danger to us boath approaching, will necessitate our uniting
+  againe. I pray you therfore, S^r. set your wisdom & patience a worke,
+  and exhorte others to y^e same, that things may not proceede from bad
+  to worse, so making our contentions like y^e barrs of a pallace, but
+  that a way of peace may be kepte open, wherat y^e God of peace may
+  have enterance in his owne time. If you suffer wrong, it shall be your
+  honor to bear it patiently; but I goe to farr in needles putting you
+  in mind of these things. God hath done great things for you, and I
+  desire his blessings may be multiplied upon you more & more. I will
+  commite no more to writing, but comending my selfe to your prayers,
+  doe rest,
+
+  Your truly loving freind in our Lord Jesus,
+  THO: DUDLEY.
+
+  June 4. 1634.
+
+By these things it appars what troubls rise herupon, and how hard they
+were to be reconciled; for though they hear were hartily sorrie for what
+was fallen out, yet they conceived they were unjustly injuried, and
+provoked to what was done; and that their neigbours (haveing no
+jurisdiction over them) did more then was mete, thus to imprison one of
+theirs, and bind them to [202] their courte. But yet being assured of
+their Christian love, and perswaded what was done was out of godly
+zeale, that religion might not suffer, nor sinne any way covered or
+borne with, espetially y^e guilte of blood, of which all should be very
+consciencious in any whom soever, they did indeavore to appease &
+satisfie them y^e best they could; first, by informing them y^e truth in
+all circomstances aboute y^e matter; 2^ly, in being willing to referr
+y^e case to any indifferante and equall hearing and judgmente of the
+thing hear, and to answere it els wher when they should be duly called
+therunto; and further they craved M^r. Winthrops, & other of y^e reve^d
+magistrats ther, their advice & direction herein. This did mollifie
+their minds, and bring things to a good & comfortable issue in y^e end.
+
+For they had this advice given them by M^r. Winthrop, & others
+concurring with him, that from their courte, they should write to the
+neigboure plantations, & espetially that of y^e lords, at Pascataway,
+and theirs of y^e Massachusets, to appointe some to give them meeting
+at some fitt place, to consulte & determine in this matter, so as y^e
+parties meeting might have full power to order & bind, &c. And that
+nothing be done to y^e infringing or prejudice of y^e liberties of any
+place. And for y^e clearing of conscience, y^e law of God is, y^t y^e
+preist lips must be consulted with, and therfore it was desired that y^e
+ministers of every plantation might be presente to give their advice in
+pointe of conscience. Though this course seemed dangerous to some, yet
+they were so well assured of y^e justice of their cause, and y^e equitie
+of their freinds, as they put them selves upon it, & appointed a time,
+of which they gave notice to y^e severall places a month before hand;
+viz. Massachusets, Salem, & Pascataway, or any other y^t they would give
+notice too, and disired them to produce any evidence they could in y^e
+case. The place for meeting was at Boston. But when y^e day & time came,
+none apered, but some of y^e magistrats and ministers of y^e
+Massachusets, and their owne. Seeing none of Passcataway or other places
+came, (haveing been thus desired, & conveniente time given them for y^t
+end,) M^r. Winthrop & y^e rest said they could doe no more then they had
+done thus to requeste them, y^e blame must rest on them. So they fell
+into a fair debating of things them selves; and after all things had
+been fully opened & discussed, and y^e opinione of each one demanded,
+both magistrats, and ministers, though they all could have wished these
+things had never been, yet they could not but lay y^e blame & guilt on
+Hockins owne head; and withall gave them such grave & godly exhortations
+and advice, as they thought meete, both for y^e presente & future; which
+they allso imbraced with love & thankfullnes, promising to indeavor to
+follow y^e same. And thus was this matter ended, and ther love and
+concord renewed; and also M^r. Winthrop & M^r. Dudley write in their
+behalfes to y^e Lord Ssay & other gentl-men that were interesed in y^t
+plantation, very effectually, w^th which, togeather with their owne
+leters, and M^r. Winslows furder declaration of things unto them, they
+rested well satisfied.
+
+[203] M^r. Winslow was sente by them this year into England, partly to
+informe and satisfie y^e Lord Say & others, in y^e former matter, as
+also to make answer and their just defence for y^e same, if any thing
+should by any be prosecuted against them at Counsell-table, or els wher;
+but this matter tooke end, without any further trouble, as is before
+noted. And partly to signifie unto y^e partners in England, that the
+terme of their trade with y^e company here was out, and therfore he was
+sente to finishe y^e accounts with them, and to bring them notice how
+much debtore they should remaine on y^t accounte, and that they might
+know what further course would be best to hold. But y^e issue of these
+things will appear in y^e next years passages. They now sente over by
+him a great returne, which was very acceptable unto them; which was in
+beaver 3738^li. waight, (a great part of it, being coat-beaver, sould at
+20^s. p^r pound,) and 234. otter skines;[DL] which alltogeather rise to
+a great sume of money.
+
+This year (in y^e foreparte of y^e same) they sente forth a barke to
+trad at y^e Dutch-Plantation; and they mette ther with on Captaine
+Stone, that had lived in Christophers, one of y^e West-Ende Ilands, and
+now had been some time in Virginia, and came from thence into these
+parts. He kept company with y^e Dutch Gove^r, and, I know not in what
+drunken fitt, he gott leave of y^e Gov^r to ceaise on their barke, when
+they were ready to come away, and had done their markett, haveing y^e
+valew of 500^li. worth of goods abord her; having no occasion at all, or
+any collour of ground for such a thing, but having made y^e Gov^r
+drunck, so as he could scarce speake a right word; and when he urged him
+hear aboute, he answered him, _Als 't u beleeft_.[DM] So he gat abord,
+(the cheefe of their men & marchant being ashore,) and with some of his
+owne men, made y^e rest of theirs waigh anchor, sett sayle, & carry her
+away towards Virginia. But diverse of y^e Dutch sea-men, which had bene
+often at Plimoth, and kindly entertayned ther, said one to another,
+Shall we suffer our freinds to be thus abused, and have their goods
+carried away, before our faces, whilst our Gov^r is drunke? They vowed
+they would never suffer it; and so gott a vessell or 2. and pursued him,
+& brought him in againe, and delivered them their barke & goods againe.
+
+After wards Stone came into y^e Massachusets, and they sent & commensed
+suite against him for this facte; but by mediation of freinds it was
+taken up, and y^e suite lett fall. And in y^e company of some other
+gentle-men Stone came afterwards to Plimoth, and had freindly & civill
+entertainmente amongst them, with y^e rest; but revenge boyled within
+his brest, (though concelled,) for some conceived he had a purpose (at
+one time) to have staped the Gov^r, and put his hand to his dagger for
+that end, but by Gods providence and y^e vigilance of some was
+prevented. He afterward returned to Virginia, in a pinass, with one
+Captaine Norton & some others; and, I know not for what occasion, they
+would needs goe up Coonigtecutt River; and how they carried themselves I
+know not, but y^e Indeans knoct him in y^e head, as he lay in his
+cabine, and had thrown y^e covering over his face (whether out of fear
+or desperation is uncertaine); this was his end. They likewise killed
+all y^e rest, but Captaine Norton defended him selfe a long time against
+them all in y^e cooke-roome, till by accidente the gunpowder tooke fire,
+which (for readynes) he had sett in an open thing before him, which did
+so burne, & scald him, & blind his eyes, as he could make no longer
+resistance, but was slaine also by them, though they much comended his
+vallour. And having killed y^e men, they made a pray of what they had,
+and chafered away some of their things to y^e Dutch that lived their.
+But it was not longe before a quarell fell betweene the Dutch & them,
+and they would have cutt of their bark; but they slue y^e cheef sachem
+w^th y^e shott of a murderer.[DN]
+
+I am now to relate some strang and remarkable passages. Ther was a
+company of people lived in y^e country, up above in y^e river of
+Conigtecut, a great way from their trading house ther, and were enimise
+to those Indeans which lived aboute them, and of whom they stood in some
+fear (bing a stout people). About a thousand of them had inclosed them
+selves in a forte, which they had strongly palissadoed about. 3. or 4.
+Dutch men went up in y^e begining of winter to live with them, to gett
+their trade, and prevente them for bringing it to y^e English, or to
+fall into amitie with them; but at spring to bring all downe to their
+place. But their enterprise failed, for it pleased God to visite these
+Indeans with a great sicknes, and such a mortalitie that of a 1000.
+above 900. and a halfe of them dyed, and many of them did rott above
+ground for want of buriall, and y^e Dutch men allmost starved before
+they could gett away, for ise and snow. But about Feb: they got with
+much difficultie to their trading house; whom they kindly releeved,
+being allmost spente with hunger and could. Being thus refreshed by them
+diverce days, they got to their owne place, and y^e Dutch were very
+thankfull for this kindnes.
+
+This spring, also, those Indeans that lived aboute their trading house
+there fell sick of y^e small poxe, and dyed most miserably; for a sorer
+disease cannot befall them; they fear it more then y^e plague; for
+usualy they that have this disease have them in abundance, and for wante
+of bedding & li[=n]ing and other helps, they fall into a lamentable
+condition, as they lye on their hard matts, y^e poxe breaking and
+mattering, and runing one into another, their skin cleaving (by reason
+therof) to the matts they lye on; when they turne them, a whole side
+will flea of at once, [204] (as it were,) and they will be all of a gore
+blood, most fearfull to behold; and then being very sore, what with
+could and other distempers, they dye like rotten sheep. The condition of
+this people was so lamentable, and they fell downe so generally of this
+diseas, as they were (in y^e end) not able to help on another; no, not
+to make a fire, nor to fetch a litle water to drinke, nor any to burie
+y^e dead; but would strivie as long as they could, and when they could
+procure no other means to make fire, they would burne y^e woden trayes
+& dishes they ate their meate in, and their very bowes & arrowes; & some
+would crawle out on all foure to gett a litle water, and some times dye
+by y^e way, & not be able to gett in againe. But those of y^e English
+house, (though at first they were afraid of y^e infection,) yet seeing
+their woefull and sadd condition, and hearing their pitifull cries and
+lamentations, they had compastion of them, and dayly fetched them wood &
+water, and made them fires, gott them victualls whilst they lived, and
+buried them when they dyed. For very few of them escaped,
+notwithstanding they did what they could for them, to y^e haszard of
+them selvs. The cheefe Sachem him selfe now dyed, & allmost all his
+freinds & kinred. But by y^e marvelous goodnes & providens of God not
+one of y^e English was so much as sicke, or in y^e least measure tainted
+with this disease, though they dayly did these offices for them for many
+weeks togeather. And this mercie which they shewed them was kindly
+taken, and thankfully acknowledged of all y^e Indeans that knew or heard
+of y^e same; and their m^rs here did much comend & reward them for y^e
+same.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1635._
+
+M^r. Winslow was very wellcome to them in England, and y^e more in
+regard of y^e large returne he brought with him, which came all safe to
+their hands, and was well sould. And he was borne in hand, (at least he
+so apprehended,) that all accounts should be cleared before his returne,
+and all former differences ther aboute well setled. And so he writ over
+to them hear, that he hoped to cleare y^e accounts, and bring them over
+with him; and y^t the accounte of y^e White Angele would be taken of,
+and all things fairly ended. But it came to pass [205] that, being
+occasioned to answer some complaints made against the countrie at
+Counsell bord, more cheefly concerning their neigbours in y^e Bay then
+them selves hear, the which he did to good effecte, and further
+prosecuting such things as might tend to y^e good of y^e whole, as well
+them selves as others, aboute y^e wrongs and incroachments that the
+French & other strangers both had and were like further to doe unto
+them, if not prevented, he prefered this petition following to their
+Hon^rs that were deputed Comissioners for y^e Plantations.
+
+  To y^e right honorable y^e Lords Comissioners for y^e Plantations in
+  America.
+
+  The humble petition of Edw: Winslow, on y^e behalfe of y^e plantations
+  in New-England,
+
+  Humbly sheweth unto your Lordships, y^t wheras your petitioners have
+  planted them selves in New England under his Ma^tis most gratious
+  protection; now so it is, right Hon^bl, that y^e French & Dutch doe
+  indeaouer to devide y^e land betweene them; for which purpose y^e
+  French have, on y^e east side, entered and seased upon one of our
+  houses, and carried away the goods, slew 2. of y^e men in another
+  place, and tooke y^e rest prisoners with their goods. And y^e Dutch,
+  on y^e west, have also made entrie upon Conigtecute River, within y^e
+  limits of his Maj^ts [~l]rs patent, where they have raised a forte,
+  and threaten to expell your petitioners thence, who are also planted
+  upon y^e same river, maintaining possession for his Ma^tie to their
+  great charge, & hazard both of lives & goods.
+
+  In tender consideration hereof your petitioners humbly pray that your
+  Lo^pps will either procure their peace w^th those foraine states, or
+  else to give spetiall warrante unto your petitioners and y^e English
+  Collonies, to right and defend them selves against all foraigne
+  enimies. And your petitioners shall pray, &c.
+
+This petition found good acceptation with most of them, and Mr. Winslow
+was heard sundry times by them, and appointed further to attend for an
+answer from their Lo^pps, espetially, having upon conferance with them
+laid downe a way how this might be doone without any either charge or
+trouble to y^e state; only by furnishing some of y^e cheefe of y^e
+cuntry hear with authoritie, who would undertake it at their owne
+charge, and in such a way as should be without any publick disturbance.
+But this crossed both S^r Ferdinandos Gorges' & Cap: Masons designe, and
+y^e arch-bishop of Counterberies by them; for S^r Ferd: Gorges (by y^e
+arch-pps favore) was to have been sent over generall Gov^r into y^e
+countrie, and to have had means from y^e state for y^t end, and was now
+upon dispatch and conclude of y^e bussines. And y^e arch-bishops
+purposs & intente was, by his means, & some he should send with him,
+(to be furnished with Episcopall power,) [206] to disturbe y^e peace of
+y^e churches here, and to overthrow their proceedings and further
+growth, which was y^e thing he aimed at. But it so fell out (by Gods
+providence) that though he in y^e end crost this petition from taking
+any further effecte in this kind, yet by this as a cheefe means the
+plotte and whole bussines of his & S^r Ferdinandos fell to y^e ground,
+and came to nothing. When M^r. Winslow should have had his suit granted,
+(as indeed upon y^e pointe it was,) and should have been confirmed, the
+arch-bishop put a stop upon it, and M^r. Winslow, thinking to gett it
+freed, went to y^e bord againe; but y^e bishop, S^r Ferd: and Captine
+Masson, had, as it seemes, procured Morton (of whom mention is made
+before, & his base carriage) to complaine; to whose complaints M^r.
+Winslow made answer to y^e good satisfaction of y^e borde, who checked
+Morton and rebuked him sharply, & allso blamed S^r Fer^d Gorges, &
+Masson, for countenancing him. But y^e bish: had a further end & use of
+his presence, for he now begane to question M^r. Winslow of many things;
+as of teaching in y^e church publickly, of which Morton accused him, and
+gave evidence that he had seen and heard him doe it; to which M^r.
+Winslow answered, that some time (wanting a minster) he did exercise his
+gifte to help y^e edification of his breethren, when they wanted better
+means, w^ch was not often. Then aboute mariage, the which he also
+confessed, that, haveing been called to place of magistracie, he had
+sometimes maried some. And further tould their lord^ps y^t mariage was a
+civille thinge, & he found no wher in y^e word of God y^t it was tyed to
+ministrie. Again, they were necessitated so to doe, having for a long
+time togeather at first no minister; besids, it was no new-thing, for he
+had been so maried him selfe in Holand, by y^e magistrats in their
+Statt-house. But in y^e end (to be short), for these things, y^e bishop,
+by vemente importunity, gott y^e bord at last to consente to his
+comittemente; so he was comited to y^e Fleete, and lay ther 17. weeks,
+or ther aboute, before he could gett to be released. And this was y^e
+end of this petition, and this bussines; only y^e others designe was
+also frustrated hereby, with other things concurring, which was no
+smalle blessing to y^e people here.
+
+But y^e charge fell heavie on them hear, not only in M^r. Winslows
+expences, (which could not be smale,) but by y^e hinderance of their
+bussines both ther and hear, by his personall imploymente. For though
+this was as much or more for others then for them hear, and by them
+cheefly he was put on this bussines, (for the plantation k[=e]we nothing
+of it till they heard of his imprisonmente,) yet y^e whole charge lay on
+them.
+
+Now for their owne bussines; whatsoever M^r. Sherleys mind was before,
+(or M^r. Winslow apprehension of y^e same,) he now declared him selfe
+plainly, that he would neither take of y^e White-Angell from y^e
+accounte, nor [207] give any further accounte, till he had received more
+into his hands; only a prety good supply of goods were sent over, but of
+y^e most, no note of their prises, or so orderly an invoyce as formerly;
+which M^r. Winslow said he could not help, because of his restrainte.
+Only now M^r. Sherley & M^r. Beachamp & M^r. Andrews sent over a letter
+of atturney under their hands & seals, to recovere what they could of
+M^r. Allerton for y^e Angells accounte; but sent them neither y^e bonds,
+nor covenants, or such other evidence or accounts, as they had aboute
+these matters. I shall here inserte a few passages out of M^r. Sherleys
+letters aboute these things.
+
+  Your leter of y^e 22. of July, 1634, by your trustie and our loving
+  friend M^r. Winslow, I have received, and your larg parcell of beaver
+  and otter skines. Blessed be our God, both he and it came safly to us,
+  and we have sould it in tow parcells; y^e skin at 14^s. li. & some at
+  16.; y^e coate at 20^s. y^e pound. The accounts I have not sent you
+  them this year, I will referr you to M^r. Winslow to tell you y^e
+  reason of it; yet be assured y^t none of you shall suffer by y^e not
+  having of them, if God spare me life. And wheras you say y^e 6. years
+  are expired y^t y^e peopl put y^e trad into your & our hands for, for
+  y^e discharge of y^t great debte w^ch M^r. Allerton needlesly &
+  unadvisedly ran you & us into; yet it was promised it should continue
+  till our disbursments & ingagements were satisfied. You conceive it
+  is done; we feele & know other wise, &c. I doubt not but we shall
+  lovingly agree, notwithstanding all y^t hath been writen, on boath
+  sids, aboute y^e Whit-Angell. We have now sent you a letter of
+  atturney, therby giving you power in our names (and to shadow it y^e
+  more we say for our uses) to obtaine what may be of M^r. Allerton
+  towards y^e satisfing of that great charge of y^e White Angell. And
+  sure he hath bound him selfe, (though at present I cannot find it,)
+  but he hath often affirmed, with great protestations, y^t neither you
+  nor we should lose a peny by him, and I hope you shall find enough to
+  discharg it, so as we shall have no more contesting aboute it. Yet,
+  notwithstanding his unnaturall & unkind dealing with you, in y^e
+  midest of justice remember mercie, and doe not all you may doe, &c.
+  Set us out of debte, and then let us recone & reason togeither, &c.
+  M^r. Winslow hath undergone an unkind imprisonment, but I am perswaded
+  it will turne much to all your good. I leave him to relate
+  perticuleres, &c.
+
+  Your loving freind,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  London, Sep: 7. 1635.
+
+This year they sustained an other great loss from y^e French. Monsier de
+Aulnay coming into y^e harbore of Penobscote, and having before gott
+some of y^e cheefe y^t belonged to y^e house abord his vessell, by
+sutlty coming upon them in their shalop, he gott them to pilote him in;
+and after getting y^e rest into his power, he tooke possession of y^e
+house in y^e name of y^e king of France; and partly by threatening, &
+other wise, made Mr. Willett (their agente ther) to approve of y^e sale
+of y^e goods their unto him, of which he sett y^e price him selfe [208]
+in effecte, and made an inventory therof, (yett leaving out sundry
+things,) but made no paymente for them; but tould them in convenient
+time he would doe it if they came for it. For y^e house & fortification,
+&c. he would not alow, nor accounte any thing, saing that they which
+build on another mans ground doe forfite y^e same. So thus turning them
+out of all, (with a great deale of complemente, and many fine words,) he
+let them have their shalop and some victualls to bring them home. Coming
+home and relating all the passages, they here were much troubled at it,
+& haveing had this house robbed by y^e French once before, and lost then
+above 500^li. (as is before remembred), and now to loose house & all,
+did much move them. So as they resolved to consulte with their freinds
+in y^e Bay, and if y^ey approved of it, (ther being now many ships
+ther,) they intended to hire a ship of force, and seeke to beat out y^e
+Frenche, and recover it againe. Ther course was well approved on, if
+them selves could bear y^e charge; so they hired a fair ship of above
+300. tune, well fitted with ordnance, and agreed with y^e m^r. (one
+Girling) to this effect: that he and his company should deliver them y^e
+house, (after they had driven out, or surprised y^e French,) and give
+them peacable possession therof, and of all such trading comodities as
+should ther be found; and give y^e French fair quarter & usage, if they
+would yeeld. In consideration wherof he was to have 700^li. of beaver,
+to be delivered him ther, when he had done y^e thing; but if he did not
+accomplish it, he was to loose his labour, and have nothing. With him
+they also sent their owne bark, and about 20. men, with Captaine
+Standish, to aide him (if neede weer), and to order things, if the house
+was regained; and then to pay him y^e beaver, which they keept abord
+their owne barke. So they with their bark piloted him thither, and
+brought him safe into y^e harbor. But he was so rash & heady as he would
+take no advice, nor would suffer Captaine Standish to have time to
+summone them, (who had co[=m]ission & order so to doe,) neither would
+doe it him selfe; the which, it was like, if it had been done, & they
+come to affaire parley, seeing their force, they would have yeelded.
+Neither would he have patience to bring his ship wher she might doe
+execution, but begane to shoot at distance like a madd man, and did them
+no hurte at all; the which when those of y^e plantation saw, they were
+much greeved, and went to him & tould him he would doe no good if he did
+not lay his ship beter to pass (for she might lye within pistoll shott
+of y^e house). At last, when he saw his owne folly, he was perswaded,
+and layed her well, and bestowed a few shott to good purposs. But now,
+when he was in a way to doe some good, his powder was goone; for though
+he had ...[DO] peece of ordnance, it did now [209] appeare he had but a
+barrell of powder, and a peece; so he could doe no good, but was faine
+to draw of againe; by which means y^e enterprise was made frustrate, and
+y^e French incouraged; for all y^e while that he shot so unadvisedly,
+they lay close under a worke of earth, & let him consume him selfe. He
+advised with y^e Captaine how he might be supplyed with powder, for he
+had not to carie him home; so he tould him he would goe to y^e next
+plantation, and doe his indeour to procure him some, and so did; but
+understanding, by intelligence, that he intended to ceiase on y^e barke,
+& surprise y^e beaver, he sent him the powder, and brought y^e barke &
+beaver home. But Girling never assualted y^e place more, (seeing him
+selfe disapoyented,) but went his way; and this was y^e end of this
+bussines.
+
+Upon y^e ill success of this bussines, the Gov^r and Assistants here by
+their leters certified their freinds in y^e Bay, how by this ship they
+had been abused and disapoynted, and y^t the French partly had, and were
+now likly to fortifie them selves more strongly, and likly to become ill
+neigbours to y^e English. Upon this they thus writ to them as
+folloeth:--
+
+  Worthy S^rs: Upon y^e reading of your leters, & consideration of y^e
+  waightines of y^e cause therin mentioned, the courte hath joyntly
+  expressed their willingnes to assist you with men & munition, for y^e
+  accomplishing of your desires upon y^e French. But because here are
+  none of yours y^t have authority to conclude of any thing herein,
+  nothing can be done by us for y^e presente. We desire, therfore, that
+  you would with all conveniente speed send some man of trust, furnished
+  with instructions from your selves, to make such agreemente with us
+  about this bussines as may be usefull for you, and equall for us. So
+  in hast we co[=m]ite you to God, and remaine
+
+  Your assured loving freinds,
+
+  JOHN HAYNES, Gov^r.
+  RI: BELLINGHAM, Dep.
+  JO: WINTHROP.
+  THO: DUDLEY.
+  JO: HUMFRAY.
+  W^M: CODDINGTON.
+  W^M: PINCHON.
+  ATHERTON HOUGHE.
+  INCREAS NOWELL.
+  RIC: DUMER.
+  SIMON BRADSTRETE.
+
+  New-towne, Octo^r 9. 1635.
+
+Upon the receite of y^e above mentioned, they presently deputed 2. of
+theirs to treate with them, giving them full power to conclude,
+according to the instructions they gave them, being to this purposs:
+that if they would afford such assistance as, togeather with their owne,
+was like to effecte the thing, and allso bear a considerable parte of
+y^e charge, they would goe on; if not, [210] they (having lost so much
+allready) should not be able, but must desiste, and waite further
+opportunitie as God should give, to help them selves. But this came to
+nothing, for when it came to y^e issue, they would be at no charge, but
+sente them this letter, and referd them more at large to their owne
+messengers.
+
+  S^r: Having, upon y^e consideration of your letter, with y^e message
+  you sente, had some serious consultations aboute y^e great importance
+  of your bussines with y^e French, we gave our answer to those whom you
+  deputed to conferr w^th us aboute y^e viage to Penobscote. We shewed
+  our willingnes to help, but withall we declared our presente
+  condition, & in what state we were, for our abilitie to help; which we
+  for our parts shall be willing to improve, to procure you sufficiente
+  supply of men & munition. But for matter of moneys we have no
+  authority at all to promise, and if we should, we should rather
+  disapoynte you, then incourage you by y^t help, which we are not able
+  to performe. We likewise thought it fitt to take y^e help of other
+  Esterne plantations; but those things we leave to your owne wisdomes.
+  And for other things we refer you to your owne co[=m]itties, who are
+  able to relate all y^e passages more at large. We salute you, & wish
+  you all good success in y^e Lord.
+
+  Your faithfull & loving friend,
+  RI: BELLINGHAM, Dep:
+  In y^e name of the rest of the Comities.
+
+  Boston, Octob^r 16. 1635.
+
+This thing did not only thus breake of, but some of their merchants
+shortly after sent to trad with them, and furnished them both with
+provissions, & poweder & shott; and so have continued to doe till this
+day, as they have seen opportunitie for their profite. So as in truth
+y^e English them selves have been the cheefest supporters of these
+French; for besids these, the plantation at Pemaquid (which lyes near
+unto them) doth not only supply them with what y^ey wante, but gives
+them continuall intelligence of all things that passes among y^e
+English, (espetially some of them,) so as it is no marvell though they
+still grow, & incroach more & more upon y^e English, and fill y^e
+Indeans with gunes & munishtion, to y^e great deanger of y^e English,
+who lye open & unfortified, living upon husbandrie; and y^e other closed
+up in their forts, well fortified, and live upon trade, in good
+securitie. If these things be not looked too, and remeady provided in
+time, it may easily be conjectured what they may come toe; but I leave
+them.
+
+This year, y^e 14. or 15. of August (being Saturday) was such a mighty
+storme of wind & raine, as none living in these parts, either English or
+Indeans, ever saw. Being like (for y^e time it continued) to those
+Hauricanes and Tuffons that writers make mention of in y^e Indeas. It
+began in y^e morning, a litle before day, and grue not by degrees, but
+came with violence in y^e begining, to y^e great amasmente of many. It
+blew downe sundry [211] houses, & uncovered others; diverce vessells
+were lost at sea, and many more in extreme danger. It caused y^e sea to
+swell (to y^e southward of this place) above 20. foote, right up &
+downe, and made many of the Indeans to clime into trees for their
+saftie; it tooke of y^e borded roofe of a house which belonged to the
+plantation at Manamet, and floted it to another place, the posts still
+standing in y^e ground; and if it had continued long without y^e
+shifting of y^e wind, it is like it would have drouned some parte of y^e
+cuntrie. It blew downe many hundered thowsands of trees, turning up the
+stronger by the roots, and breaking the hiegher pine trees of in the
+midle, and y^e tall yonge oaks & walnut trees of good biggnes were wound
+like a withe, very strang & fearfull to behould. It begane in y^e
+southeast, and parted toward y^e south & east, and vered sundry ways;
+but y^e greatest force of it here was from y^e former quarters. It
+continued not (in y^e extremitie) above 5. or 6. houers, but y^e
+violence begane to abate. The signes and marks of it will remaine this
+100. years in these parts wher it was sorest. The moone suffered a great
+eclips the 2. night after it.
+
+Some of their neighbours in y^e Bay, hereing of y^e fame of Conightecute
+River, had a hankering mind after it, (as was before noted,) and now
+understanding that y^e Indeans were swepte away with y^e late great
+mortalitie, the fear of whom was an obstacle unto them before, which
+being now taken away, they begane now to prosecute it with great
+egernes. The greatest differances fell betweene those of Dorchester
+plantation and them hear; for they set their minde on that place, which
+they had not only purchased of y^e Indeans, but wher they had builte;
+intending only (if they could not remove them) that they should have but
+a smale moyety left to y^e house, as to a single family; whose doings
+and proceedings were conceived to be very injurious, to attempte not
+only to intrude them selves into y^e rights & possessions of others, but
+in effect to thrust them out of all. Many were y^e leters & passages
+that went betweene them hear aboute, which would be to long here to
+relate.
+
+I shall here first inserte a few lines that was write by their own
+agente from thence.
+
+  S^r: &c. Y^e Masschuset men are coming almost dayly, some by water, &
+  some by land, who are not yet determined wher to setle, though some
+  have a great mind to y^e place we are upon, and which was last bought.
+  Many of them look at that which this river will not afford, excepte it
+  be at this place which we have, namly, to be a great towne, and have
+  comodious dwellings for many togeather. So as what they will doe I
+  cannot yet resolve you; for this place ther is none of them say any
+  thing to me, but what I hear from their servants (by whom I perceive
+  their minds). I shall doe what I can to withstand them. I hope they
+  will hear reason; as that we were here first, and entred with much
+  difficulty and danger, [212] both in regard of y^e Dutch & Indeans,
+  and bought y^e land, (to your great charge, allready disbursed,) and
+  have since held here a chargable possession, and kept y^e Dutch from
+  further incroaching, which would els long before this day have
+  possessed all, and kept out all others, &c. I hope these & such like
+  arguments will stoppe them. It was your will we should use their
+  persons & messengers kindly, & so we have done, and doe dayly, to your
+  great charge; for y^e first company had well nie starved had it not
+  been for this house, for want of victuals; I being forced to supply
+  12. men for 9. days togeather; and those which came last, I
+  entertained the best we could, helping both them (& y^e other) with
+  canows, & guids. They gott me to goe with them to y^e Dutch, to see if
+  I could procure some of them to have quiet setling nere them; but they
+  did peremtorily withstand them. But this later company did not once
+  speak therof, &c. Also I gave their goods house roome according to
+  their ernest request, and M^r. Pinchons letter in their behalfe (which
+  I thought good to send you, here inclosed). And what trouble & charge
+  I shall be further at I know not; for they are co[=m]ing dayly, and I
+  expecte these back againe from below, whither they are gone to veiw
+  y^e countrie. All which trouble & charg we under goe for their
+  occasion, may give us just cause (in y^e judgmente of all wise &
+  understanding men) to hold and keep that we are setled upon. Thus with
+  my duty remembred, &c. I rest
+
+  Yours to be comanded
+  JOHNNATH[=A] BREWSTER.
+
+  Matianuck, July 6. 1635.
+
+Amongst y^e many agitations that pased betweene them, I shal note a few
+out of their last letters, & for y^e present omitte y^e rest, except
+upon other occasion I may have fitter opportunity. After their thorrow
+veiw of y^e place, they began to pitch them selves upon their land &
+near their house; which occasioned much expostulation betweene them.
+Some of which are such as follow.
+
+  Brethren, having latly sent 2. of our body unto you, to agitate &
+  bring to an issue some maters in difference betweene us, about some
+  lands at Conightecutt, unto which you lay challeng; upon which God by
+  his providence cast us, and as we conceive in a faire way of
+  providence tendered it to us, as a meete place to receive our body,
+  now upon removall.
+
+  We shall not need to answer all y^e passages of your larg letter, &c.
+  But wheras you say God in his providence cast you, &c., we tould you
+  before, and (upon this occasion) must now tell you still, that our
+  mind is other wise, and y^t you cast rather a partiall, if not a
+  covetous eye, upon that w^ch is your neigbours, and not yours; and in
+  so doing, your way could not be faire unto it. Looke y^t you abuse not
+  Gods providence in such allegations.
+
+Theirs.
+
+  Now allbeite we at first judged y^e place so free y^t we might with
+  Gods good leave take & use it, without just offence to any man, it
+  being the Lords [213] wast, and for y^e presente altogeather voyd of
+  inhabitants, that indeede minded y^e imploymente therof, to y^e right
+  ends for which land was created, Gen: 1. 28. and for future intentions
+  of any, & uncertaine possibilities of this or that to be done by any,
+  we judging them (in such a case as ours espetialy) not meete to be
+  equalled with presente actions (such as ours was) much less worthy to
+  be prefered before them; and therfore did we make some weake beginings
+  in that good worke, in y^e place afforesaid.
+
+Ans: Their answer was to this effecte. That if it was y^e Lords wast, it
+was them selves that found it so, & not they; and have since bought it
+of y^e right oweners, and maintained a chargable possession upon it al
+this while, as them selves could not but know. And because of present
+ingagments and other hinderances which lay at presente upon them, must
+it therfore be lawfull for them to goe and take it from them? It was
+well known that they are upon a barren place, wher they were by
+necessitie cast; and neither they nor theirs could longe continue upon
+y^e same; and why should they (because they were more ready, & more able
+at presente) goe and deprive them of that which they had w^th charg &
+hazard provided, & intended to remove to, as soone as they could & were
+able?
+
+They had another passage in their letter; they had rather have to doe
+with the lords in England, to whom (as they heard it reported) some of
+them should say that they had rather give up their right to them, (if
+they must part with it,) then to y^e church of Dorchester, &c. And that
+they should be less fearfull to offend y^e lords, then they were them.
+
+Answer: Their answer was, that what soever they had heard, (more then
+was true,) yet y^e case was not so with them that they had need to give
+away their rights & adventurs, either to y^e lords, or them; yet, if
+they might measure their fear of offence by their practise, they had
+rather (in that poynte) they should deal with y^e lords, who were beter
+able to bear it, or help them selves, then they were.
+
+But least I should be teadious, I will forbear other things, and come
+to the conclusion that was made in y^e endd. To make any forcible
+resistance was farr from their thoughts, (they had enough of y^t about
+Kenebeck,) and to live in continuall contention with their freinds &
+brethren would be uncomfortable, and too heavie a burden to bear.
+Therfore for peace sake (though they conceived they suffered much in
+this thing) they thought it better to let them have it upon as good
+termes as they could gett; and so they fell to treaty. The first thing
+y^t (because they had made so many & long disputs aboute it) they would
+have them to grante was, y^t they had right too it, or ells they would
+never treat aboute it. The[DP] which being acknowledged, & yeelded unto
+by them, this was y^e conclusion they came unto in y^e end after much
+adoe: that they should retaine their house, and have the 16. parte of
+all they had bought of y^e Indeans; and y^e other should have all y^e
+rest of y^e land; leaveing such a moyety to those [214] of New-towne, as
+they reserved for them. This 16. part was to be taken in too places; one
+towards y^e house, the other towards New-townes proporrtion. Also they
+were to pay according to proportion, what had been disbursed to y^e
+Indeans for y^e purchass. Thus was y^e controversie ended, but the
+unkindnes not so soone forgotten. They of New-towne delt more fairly,
+desireing only what they could conveniently spare, from a competancie
+reserved for a plantation, for them selves; which made them the more
+carfull to procure a moyety for them, in this agreement & distribution.
+
+Amongst y^e other bussinesses that M^r. Winslow had to doe in England,
+he had order from y^e church to provid & bring over some able & fitt man
+for to be their minister. And accordingly he had procured a godly and a
+worthy[DQ] man, one M^r. Glover; but it pleased God when he was prepared
+for the viage, he fell sick of a feaver and dyed. Afterwards, when he
+was ready to come away, he became acquainted with M^r. Norton, who was
+willing to come over, but would not ingage him selfe to this place,
+otherwise then he should see occasion when he came hear; and if he liked
+better else wher, to repay y^e charge laid out for him, (which came to
+aboute 70^li.) and to be at his liberty. He stayed aboute a year with
+them, after he came over, and was well liked of them, & much desired by
+them; but he was invited to Ipswich, wher were many rich & able men, and
+sundry of his aquaintance; so he wente to them, & is their minister.
+Aboute half of y^e charg was repayed, y^e rest he had for y^e pains he
+tooke amongst them.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1636._
+
+M^R. ED: WINSLOW was chosen Gov^r this year.
+
+In y^e former year, because they perceived by M^r. Winslows later
+letters that no accounts would be sente, they resolved to keep y^e
+beaver, and send no more, till they had them, or came to some further
+agreemente. At least they would forbear till M^r. Winslow came over,
+that by more full conferance with him they might better understand what
+was meete to be done. But when he came, though he brought no accounts,
+yet he perswaded them to send y^e beaver, & was confident upon y^e
+receite of y^t beaver, & his letters, they should have accounts y^e
+nexte year; and though they thought his grounds but weake, that gave him
+this hope, & made him so confidente, yet by his importunitie they
+yeelded, & sente y^e same, ther being a ship at y^e latter end of year,
+by whom they sente 1150^li. waight of beaver, and 200. otter skins,
+besids sundrie small furrs, as 55. minks, 2. black foxe skins, &c. And
+this year, in the spring, came in a Dutch man, who thought to have
+traded at y^e Dutch-forte; [215] but they would not suffer him. He,
+having good store of trading goods, came to this place, & tendred them
+to sell; of whom they bought a good quantitie, they being very good &
+fitte for their turne, as Dutch roll, ketles, &c., which goods amounted
+to y^e valew of 500^li., for y^e paymente of which they passed bills to
+M^r. Sherley in England, having before sente y^e forementioned parcell
+of beaver. And now this year (by another ship) sente an other good round
+parcell that might come to his hands, & be sould before any of these
+bills should be due. The quantity of beaver now sent was 1809^li.
+waight, and of otters 10. skins, and shortly after (y^e same year) was
+sent by another ship (Mr. Langrume maister), in beaver 0719^li. waight,
+and of otter skins 199. concerning which M^r. Sherley thus writs.
+
+  Your leters I have received, with 8. hoggsheads of beaver by Ed:
+  Wilkinson, master of y^e Falcon. Blessed be God for y^e safe coming of
+  it. I have also seen & acceped 3. bills of exchainge, &c. But I must
+  now acquainte you how the Lords heavie hand is upon this kingdom in
+  many places, but cheefly in this cittie, with his judgmente of y^e
+  plague. The last weeks bill was 1200. & odd, I fear this will be more;
+  and it is much feared it will be a winter sicknes. By reason wherof it
+  is incredible y^e number of people y^t are gone into y^e cuntry & left
+  y^e citie. I am perswaded many more then went out y^e last sicknes; so
+  as here is no trading, carriers from most places put downe; nor no
+  receiving of any money, though long due. M^r. Hall ows us more then
+  would pay these bills, but he, his wife, and all, are in y^e cuntrie,
+  60. miles from London. I write to him, he came up, but could not pay
+  us. I am perswaded if I should offer to sell y^e beaver at 8s. p^r
+  pound, it would not yeeld money; but when y^e Lord shall please to
+  cease his hand, I hope we shall have better & quicker markets; so it
+  shall lye by. Before I accepted y^e bills, I acquainted M^r. Beachamp
+  & M^r. Andrews with them, & how ther could be no money made nor
+  received; and that it would be a great discredite to you, which never
+  yet had any turned back, and a shame to us, haveing 1800^li. of beaver
+  lying by us, and more oweing then y^e bills come too, &c. But all was
+  nothing; neither of them both will put too their finger to help. I
+  offered to supply my 3. parte, but they gave me their answer they
+  neither would nor could, &c. How ever, your bils shall be satisfied to
+  y^e parties good contente; but I would not have thought they would
+  have left either you or me at this time, &c. You will and may expect I
+  should write more, & answer your leters, but I am not a day in y^e
+  weeke at home at towne, but carry my books & all to Clapham; for here
+  is y^e miserablest time y^t I thinke hath been known in many ages. I
+  have kno[=w] 3. great sickneses, but none like this. And that which
+  should be a means to pacifie y^e Lord, & help us, that is taken away,
+  preaching put downe in many places, not a sermone in Westminster on
+  y^e saboth, nor in many townes aboute us; y^e Lord in mercie looke
+  uppon us. In the begining of y^e year was a great [216] drought, & no
+  raine for many weeks togeather, so as all was burnte up, haye, at
+  5^li. a load; and now all raine, so as much sommer come & later haye
+  is spoyled. Thus y^e Lord sends judgmente after judgmente, and yet we
+  cannot see, nor humble our selves; and therfore may justly fear
+  heavier judgments, unless we speedyly repente, & returne unto him,
+  which y^e Lord give us grace to doe, if it be his blessed will. Thus
+  desiring you to remember us in your prayers, I ever rest
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Sep^t: 14. 1636.
+
+This was all the answer they had from M^r. Sherley, by which M^r.
+Winslow saw his hops failed him. So they now resoloved to send no more
+beaver in y^t way which they had done, till they came to some issue or
+other aboute these things. But now came over letters from M^r. Andrews &
+M^r. Beachamp full of complaints, that they marveled y^t nothing was
+sent over, by which any of their moneys should be payed in; for it did
+appear by y^e accounte sente in An^o 1631. that they were each of them
+out, aboute a leven hundered pounds a peece, and all this while had not
+received one penie towards y^e same. But now M^r. Sherley sought to draw
+more money from them, and was offended because they deneyed him; and
+blamed them hear very much that all was sent to M^r. Sherley, & nothing
+to them. They marvelled much at this, for they conceived that much of
+their moneis had been paid in, & y^t yearly each of them had received a
+proportionable quantity out of y^e larg returnes sent home. For they had
+sente home since y^t accounte was received in An^o 1631. (in which all &
+more then all their debts, w^th y^t years supply, was charged upon them)
+these sumes following.
+
+  Nov^br 8. An^o 1631. By M^r. Peirce    0400^li. waight of
+                                                  beaver, & otters   20.
+  July 13.  An^o 1632. By M^r. Griffin   1348^li. beaver, & otters  147.
+            An^o 1633. By M^r. Graves    3366^li. bever,  & otters  346.
+            An^o 1634. By M^r. Andrews   3738^li. beaver, & otters  234.
+            An^o 1635. By M^r. Babb      1150^li. beaver, & otters  200.
+  June 24.  An^o 1636. By M^r. Wilkinson 1809^li. beaver, & otters  010.
+            Ibidem.    By M^r. Langrume  0719^li. beaver, & otters  199.
+                                        --------                   -----
+                                        12150^li.[DR]              1156.
+
+All these sumes were safly rceived & well sould, as appears by leters.
+The coat beaver usualy at 20^s. p^r pound, and some at 24^s.; the skin
+at 15. & sometimes 16. I doe not remember any under 14. It may be y^e
+last year might be something lower, so also ther were some small furrs
+that are not recconed in this accounte, & some black beaver at higer
+rates, to make up y^e defects. [217] It was conceived that y^e former
+parcells of beaver came to litle less then 10000^li. sterling, and y^e
+otter skins would pay all y^e charge, & they w^th other furrs make up
+besids if any thing wanted of y^e former sume. When y^e former accounte
+was passed, all their debts (those of White-Angelle & Frendship
+included) came but to 4770^li. And they could not estimate that all y^e
+supplies since sent them, & bills payed for them, could come to above
+2000^li. so as they conceived their debts had been payed, with advantage
+or intrest. But it may be objected, how comes it that they could not as
+well exactly sett downe their receits, as their returnes, but thus
+estimate it. I answer, 2. things were y^e cause of it; the first &
+principall was, that y^e new accountante, which they in England would
+needs presse upon them, did wholy faile them, & could never give them
+any accounte; but trusting to his memorie, & lose papers, let things
+rune into such confusion, that neither he, nor any with him, could bring
+things to rights. But being often called upon to perfecte his accounts,
+he desired to have such a time, and such a time of leasure, and he would
+doe it. In y^e intrime he fell into a great sicknes, and in conclusion
+it fell out he could make no accounte at all. His books were after a
+litle good begining left altogeather unperfect; and his papers, some
+were lost, & others so confused, as he knew not what to make of them him
+selfe, when they came to be searched & examined. This was not unknowne
+to M^r. Sherley; and they came to smarte for it to purposs, (though it
+was not their faulte,) both thus in England, and also here; for they
+conceived they lost some hundreds of pounds for goods trusted out in y^e
+place, which were lost for want of clear accounts to call them in.
+Another reason of this mischeefe was, that after M^r. Winslow was sente
+into England to demand accounts, and to excepte against y^e Whit-Angell,
+they never had any price sent with their goods, nor any certaine invoyce
+of them; but all things stood in confusion, and they were faine to
+guesse at y^e prises of them.
+
+They write back to M^r. Andrews & M^r. Beachamp, and tould them they
+marveled they should write they had sent nothing home since y^e last
+accounts; for they had sente a great deale; and it might rather be
+marveled how they could be able to send so much, besids defraying all
+charg at home, and what they had lost by the French, and so much cast
+away at sea, when M^r. Peirce lost his ship on y^e coast of Virginia.
+What they had sente was to them all, and to them selves as well as M^r.
+Sherley, and if they did not looke after it, it was their owne falts;
+they must referr them to M^r. Sherley, who had received [218] it, to
+demand it of him. They allso write to M^r. Sherley to y^e same purposs,
+and what the others complaints were.
+
+This year 2. shallops going to Coonigtecutt with goods from y^e
+Massachusetts of such as removed theither to plante, were in an easterly
+storme cast away in coming into this harbore in y^e night; the boats men
+were lost, and the goods were driven all alonge the shore, and strowed
+up & downe at high-water marke. But y^e Gov^r caused them to be gathered
+up, and drawn togeather, and appointed some to take an inventory of
+them, and others to wash & drie such things as had neede therof; by
+which means most of y^e goods were saved, and restored to y^e owners.
+Afterwards anotheir boate of theirs (going thither likwise) was cast
+away near unto Manoanscusett, and such goods as came a shore were
+preserved for them. Such crosses they mette with in their beginings;
+which some imputed as a correction from God for their intrution (to y^e
+wrong of others) into y^t place. But I dare not be bould with Gods
+judgments in this kind.
+
+In y^e year 1634, the Pequents (a stoute and warlike people), who had
+made warrs with sundry of their neigbours, and puft up with many
+victories, grue now at varience with y^e Narigansets, a great people
+bordering upon them. These Narigansets held correspondance and termes of
+freindship with y^e English of y^e Massachusetts. Now y^e Pequents,
+being conscious of y^e guilte of Captain-Stones death, whom they knew to
+be an-English man, as also those y^t were with him, and being fallen out
+with y^e Dutch, least they should have over many enemies at once, sought
+to make freindship with y^e English of y^e Massachusetts; and for y^t
+end sent both messengers & gifts unto them, as appears by some letters
+sent from y^e Gov^r hither.
+
+  Dear & worthy S^r: &c. To let you know somwhat of our affairs, you may
+  understand that y^e Pequents have sent some of theirs to us, to desire
+  our freindship, and offered much wampam & beaver, &c. The first
+  messengers were dismissed without answer; with y^e next we had diverce
+  dayes conferance, and taking y^e advice of some of our ministers, and
+  seeking the Lord in it, we concluded a peace & freindship with them,
+  upon these conditions: that they should deliver up to us those men who
+  were guilty of Stones death, &c. And if we desired to plant in
+  Conightecute, they should give up their right to us, and so we would
+  send to trade with them as our freinds (which was y^e cheefe thing we
+  aimed at, being now in warr with y^e Dutch and y^e rest of their
+  neigbours). To this they readily agreed; and that we should meadiate a
+  peace betweene them and the Narigansetts; for which end they were
+  contente we should give the Narigansets parte of y^t presente, they
+  would bestow on us (for they stood [219][DS] so much on their honour,
+  as they would not be seen to give any thing of them selves). As for
+  Captein Stone, they tould us ther were but 2. left of those who had
+  any hand in his death; and that they killed him in a just quarell, for
+  (say they) he surprised 2. of our men, and bound them, to make them by
+  force to shew him y^e way up y^e river;[DT] and he with 2. other
+  coming on shore, 9. Indeans watched him, and when they were a sleepe
+  in y^e night, they kiled them, to deliver their owne men; and some of
+  them going afterwards to y^e pinass, it was suddainly blowne up. We
+  are now preparing to send a pinass unto them, &c.
+
+In an other of his, dated y^e 12. of y^e first month, he hath this.
+
+  Our pinass is latly returned from y^e Pequents; they put of but litle
+  comoditie, and found them a very false people, so as they mean to have
+  no more to doe with them. I have diverce other things to write unto
+  you, &c.
+
+  Yours ever assured,
+  JO: WINTHROP.
+
+  Boston, 12. of y^e 1. month, 1634.
+
+After these things, and, as I take, this year, John Oldom, (of whom much
+is spoken before,) being now an inhabitant of y^e Massachusetts, went
+w^th a small vessell, & slenderly mand, a trading into these south
+parts, and upon a quarell betweene him & y^e Indeans was cutt of by them
+(as hath been before noted) at an iland called by y^e Indeans Munisses,
+but since by y^e English Block Iland. This, with y^e former about the
+death of Stone, and the baffoyling of y^e Pequents with y^e English of
+y^e Massachusetts, moved them to set out some to take revenge, and
+require satisfaction for these wrongs; but it was done so superfitially,
+and without their acquainting of those of Conightecute & other
+neighbours with y^e same, as they did litle good. But their neigbours
+had more hurt done, for some of y^e murderers of Oldome fled to y^e
+Pequents, and though the English went to y^e Pequents, and had some
+parley with them, yet they did but delude them, & y^e English returned
+without doing any thing to purpose, being frustrate of their
+oppertunitie by y^e others deceite. After y^e English were returned, the
+Pequents tooke their time and oppertunitie to cut of some of y^e English
+as they passed in boats, and went on fouling, and assaulted them y^e
+next spring at their habytations, as will appear in its place. I doe but
+touch these things, because I make no question they wall be more fully &
+distinctly handled by them selves, who had more exacte knowledg of them,
+and whom they did more properly concerne.
+
+This year M^r. Smith layed downe his place of ministrie, partly by his
+owne willingnes, as thinking it too heavie a burthen, and partly at the
+desire, and by y^e perswasion, of others; and the church sought out for
+[220][DU] some other, having often been disappointed in their hops and
+desires heretofore. And it pleased the Lord to send them an able and a
+godly man,[DV] and of a meeke and humble spirite, sound in y^e truth,
+and every way unreproveable in his life & conversation; whom, after some
+time of triall, they chose for their teacher, the fruits of whose
+labours they injoyed many years with much comforte, in peace, & good
+agreemente.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1637._
+
+In y^e fore parte of this year, the Pequents fell openly upon y^e
+English at Conightecute, in y^e lower parts of y^e river, and slew
+sundry of them, (as they were at work in y^e feilds,) both men & women,
+to y^e great terrour of y^e rest; and wente away in great prid &
+triumph, with many high threats. They allso assalted a fort at y^e
+rivers mouth, though strong and well defended; and though they did not
+their prevaile, yet it struk them with much fear & astonishmente to see
+their bould attempts in the face of danger; which made them in all
+places to stand upon their gard, and to prepare for resistance, and
+ernestly to solissite their freinds and confederats in y^e Bay of
+Massachusets to send them speedy aide, for they looked for more forcible
+assaults. M^r. Vane, being then Gov^r, write from their Generall Courte
+to them hear, to joyne with them in this warr; to which they were
+cordially willing, but tooke opportunitie to write to them aboute some
+former things, as well as presente, considerable hereaboute. The which
+will best appear in y^e Gov^r answer which he returned to y^e same,
+which I shall here inserte.
+
+  S^r: The Lord having so disposed, as that your letters to our late
+  Gov^r is fallen to my lott to make answer unto, I could have wished I
+  might have been at more freedome of time & thoughts also, that I might
+  have done it more to your & my owne satisfaction. But what shall be
+  wanting now may be supplyed hereafter. For y^e matters which from your
+  selfe & counsell were propounded & objected to us, we thought not
+  fitte to make them so publicke as y^e cognizance of our Generall
+  Courte. But as they have been considered by those of our counsell,
+  this answer we thinke fitt to returne unto you. (1.) Wereas you
+  signifie your willingnes to joyne with us in this warr against y^e
+  Pequents, though you cannot ingage your selves without y^e consente of
+  your Generall Courte, we acknowledg your good affection towards us,
+  (which we never had cause to doubt of,) and are willing to attend your
+  full resolution, when it may most seasonably be ripened. (2^ly.)
+  Wheras you make this warr to be our peopls, and not [221] to conceirne
+  your selves, otherwise then by consequence, we do in parte consente to
+  you therin; yet we suppose, that, in case of perill, you will not
+  stand upon such terms, as we hope we should not doe towards you; and
+  withall we conceive that you looke at y^e Pequents, and all other
+  Indeans, as a co[=m]one enimie, who, though he may take occasion of
+  y^e begining of his rage, from some one parte of y^e English, yet if
+  he prevaile, will surly pursue his advantage, to y^e rooting out of
+  y^e whole nation. Therfore when we desired your help, we did it not
+  without respecte to your owne saftie, as ours. (3^ly.) Wheras you
+  desire we should be ingaged to aide you, upon all like occasions; we
+  are perswaded you doe not doubte of it; yet as we now deale with you
+  as a free people, and at libertie, so as we cannot draw you into this
+  warr with us, otherwise then as reason may guid & provock you; so we
+  desire we may be at y^e like freedome, when any occasion may call for
+  help from us. And wheras it is objected to us, that we refused to aide
+  you against y^e French; we conceive y^e case was not alicke; yet we
+  cannot wholy excuse our failing in that matter. (4^ly.) Weras you
+  objecte that we began y^e warr without your privitie, & managed it
+  contrary to your advise; the truth is, that our first intentions being
+  only against Block Iland, and y^e interprice seeming of small
+  difficultie, we did not so much as consider of taking advice, or
+  looking out for aide abroad. And when we had resolved upon y^e
+  Pequents, we sent presently, or not long after, to you aboute it; but
+  y^e answer received, it was not seasonable for us to chaing our
+  counsells, excepte we had seen and waighed your grounds, which might
+  have out wayed our owne.
+
+  (5^ly.) For our peoples trading at Kenebeck, we assure you (to our
+  knowledge) it hath not been by any allowance from us; and what we have
+  provided in this and like cases, at our last Courte, M^r. E. W. can
+  certifie you.
+
+  And (6^ly); wheras you objecte to us y^t we should hold trade &
+  correspondancie with y^e French, your enemise; we answer, you are
+  misinformed, for, besids some letters which hath passed betweene our
+  late Gov^r and them, to which we were privie, we have neither sente
+  nor incouraged ours to trade with them; only one vessell or tow, for
+  y^e better conve[=a]ce of our letters, had licens from our Gov^r to
+  sayle thither.[DW]
+
+  Diverce other things have been privatly objected to us, by our worthy
+  freind, wherunto he received some answer; but most of them concerning
+  y^e apprehention of perticuler discurteseis, or injueries from some
+  perticuler persons amongst us. It concernes us not to give any other
+  answer to them then this; that, if y^e offenders shall be brought
+  forth in a right way, we shall be ready to doe justice as y^e case
+  shall require. In the meane time, we desire you to rest assured, that
+  such things are without our privity, and not a litle greeveous to us.
+
+  Now for y^e joyning with us in this warr, which indeed concerns us no
+  other wise then it may your selves, viz.: the releeving of our freinds
+  & Christian [222] breethren, who are now first in y^e danger; though
+  you may thinke us able to make it good without you, (as, if y^e Lord
+  please to be with us, we may,) yet 3. things we offer to your
+  consideration, which (we conceive) may have some waight with you.
+  (First) y^t if we should sinck under this burden, your opportunitie of
+  seasonable help would be lost in 3. respects. 1. You cannot recover
+  us, or secure your selves ther, with 3. times y^e charge & hazard
+  which now y^e may. 2^ly. The sorrowes which we should lye under (if
+  through your neglect) would much abate of y^e acceptablenes of your
+  help afterwards. 3^ly. Those of yours who are now full of courage and
+  forwardnes, would be much damped, and so less able to undergoe so
+  great a burden. The (2.) thing is this, that it concernes us much to
+  hasten this warr to an end before y^e end of this somer, otherwise y^e
+  newes of it will discourage both your & our freinds from coming to us
+  next year; with what further hazard & losse it may expose us unto,
+  your selves may judge.
+
+  The (3.) thing is this, that if y^e Lord shall please to blesse our
+  endeaours, so as we end y^e warr, or put it in a hopefull way without
+  you, it may breed such ill thoughts in our people towards yours, as
+  will be hard to entertaine such opinione of your good will towards
+  us, as were fitt to be nurished among such neigbours & brethren as we
+  are. And what ill consequences may follow, on both sids, wise men may
+  fear, & would rather prevente then hope to redress. So with my harty
+  salutations to you selfe, and all your counsell, and other our good
+  freinds with you, I rest
+
+  Yours most assured in y^e Lord,
+  JO: WINTHROP.
+
+  Boston, y^e 20. of y^e 3. month, 1637.
+
+In y^e mean time, the Pequents, espetially in y^e winter before, sought
+to make peace with y^e Narigansets, and used very pernicious arguments
+to move them therunto: as that y^e English were stranegers and begane to
+overspred their countrie, and would deprive them therof in time, if they
+were suffered to grow & increse; and if y^e Narigansets did assist y^e
+English to subdue them, they did but make way for their owne overthrow,
+for if they were rooted out, the English would soone take occasion to
+subjugate them; and if they would harken to them, they should not neede
+to fear y^e strength of y^e English; for they would not come to open
+battle with them, but fire their houses, kill their katle, and lye in
+ambush for them as they went abroad upon their occasions; and all this
+they might easily doe without any or litle danger to them selves. The
+which course being held, they well saw the English could not long
+subsiste, but they would either be starved with hunger, or be forced to
+forsake the countrie; with many y^e like things; insomuch that y^e
+Narigansets were once wavering, and were halfe minded to have made peace
+with them, and jo[=y]ed against y^e English. But againe when they
+considered, how much wrong they had received from the Pequents, and what
+an oppertunitie they now had by y^e help of y^e English to right them
+selves, revenge was so sweete unto them, as it prevailed above all y^e
+rest; so as they resolved to joyne with y^e English against them, & did.
+[223] The Court here agreed forwith to send 50. men at their owne charg;
+and w^th as much speed as posiblie they could, gott them armed, and had
+made them ready under sufficiente leaders, and provided a barke to
+carrie them provisions & tend upon them for all occasions; but when they
+were ready to march (with a supply from y^e Bay) they had word to stay,
+for y^e enimy was as good as vanquished, and their would be no neede.
+
+I shall not take upon me exactly to describe their proceedings in these
+things, because I expecte it will be fully done by them selves, who best
+know the carrage & circumstances of things; I shall therfore but touch
+them in generall. From Connightecute (who were most sencible of y^e hurt
+sustained, & y^e present danger), they sett out a partie of men, and an
+other partie mett them from y^e Bay, at y^e Narigansets, who were to
+joyne with them. Y^e Narigansets were ernest to be gone before y^e
+English were well rested and refreshte, espetially some of them which
+came last. It should seeme their desire was to come upon y^e enemie
+sudenly, & undiscovered. Ther was a barke of this place, newly put in
+ther, which was come from Conightecutte, who did incourage them to lay
+hold of y^e Indeans forwardnes, and to shew as great forwardnes as they,
+for it would incorage them, and expedition might prove to their great
+advantage. So they went on, and so ordered their march, as the Indeans
+brought them to a forte of y^e enimies (in which most of their cheefe
+men were) before day. They approached y^e same with great silence, and
+surrounded it both with English & Indeans, that they might not breake
+out; and so assualted them with great courage, shooting amongst them,
+and entered y^e forte with all speed; and those y^t first entered found
+sharp resistance from the enimie, who both shott at & grapled with them;
+others rane into their howses, & brought out fire, and sett them on
+fire, which soone tooke in their matts, &, standing close togeather,
+with y^e wind, all was quickly on a flame, and therby more were burnte
+to death then was otherwise slain; it burnte their bowstrings, and made
+them unservisable. Those y^t scaped y^e fire were slaine with y^e sword;
+some hewed to peeces, others rune throw with their rapiers, so as they
+were quickly dispatchte, and very few escaped. It was conceived they
+thus destroyed about 400. at this time. It was a fearfull sight to see
+them thus frying in y^e fyer, and y^e streams of blood quenching y^e
+same, and horrible was y^e stinck & sente ther of; but y^e victory
+seemed a sweete sacrifice, and they gave the prays therof to God, who
+had wrought so wonderfuly for them, thus to inclose their enimise in
+their hands, and give them so speedy a victory over so proud & insulting
+an enimie. The Narigansett Indeans, all this while, stood round aboute,
+but aloofe from all danger, and left y^e whole [224] execution to y^e
+English, exept it were y^e stoping of any y^t broke away, insulting over
+their enimies in this their ruine & miserie, when they saw them dancing
+in y^e flames, calling them by a word in their owne language, signifing,
+O brave Pequents! which they used familierly among them selves in their
+own prayes, in songs of triumph after their victories. After this servis
+was thus happily accomplished, they marcht to the water side, wher they
+mett with some of their vesells, by which they had refreishing with
+victualls & other necessaries. But in their march y^e rest of y^e
+Pequents drew into a body, and acoasted them, thinking to have some
+advantage against them by[DX] reason of a neck of land; but when they
+saw the English prepare for them, they kept a loofe, so as they neither
+did hurt, nor could receive any. After their refreishing & repair to
+geather for further counsell & directions, they resolved to pursue their
+victory, and follow y^e warr against y^e rest, but y^e Narigansett
+Indeans most of them forsooke them, and such of them as they had with
+them for guids, or otherwise, they found them very could and backward in
+y^e bussines, ether out of envie, or y^t they saw y^e English would make
+more profite of y^e victorie then they were willing they should, or els
+deprive them of such advantage as them selves desired by having them
+become tributaries unto them, or y^e like.
+
+For y^e rest of this bussines, I shall only relate y^e same as it is in
+a leter which came from M^r. Winthrop to y^e Gov^r hear, as followeth.
+
+  Worthy S^r: I received your loving letter, and am much provocked to
+  express my affections towards you, but straitnes of time forbids me;
+  for my desire is to acquainte you with y^e Lords greate mercies
+  towards us, in our prevailing against his & our enimies; that you may
+  rejoyce and praise his name with us. About 80. of our men, haveing
+  costed along towards y^e Dutch plantation, (some times by water, but
+  most by land,) mett hear & ther with some Pequents, whom they slew or
+  tooke prisoners. 2. sachems they tooke, & beheaded; and not hearing of
+  Sassacous, (the cheefe sachem,) they gave a prisoner his life, to goe
+  and find him out. He wente and brought them word where he was, but
+  Sassacouse, suspecting him to be a spie, after he was gone, fled away
+  with some 20. more to y^e Mowakes, so our men missed of him. Yet,
+  deviding them selves, and ranging up & downe, as y^e providence of God
+  guided them (for y^e Indeans were all gone, save 3. or 4. and they
+  knew not whither to guid them, or els would not), upon y^e 13. of this
+  month, they light upon a great company of them, viz. 80. strong men, &
+  200. women & children, in a small Indean towne, fast by a hideous
+  swamp, which they all slipped into before our men could gett to them.
+  Our captains were not then come togeither, but ther was M^r. Ludlow
+  and Captaine Masson, with some 10. [225] of their men, & Captaine
+  Patrick with some 20. or more of his, who, shooting at y^e Indeans,
+  Captaine Trask with 50. more came soone in at y^e noyse. Then they
+  gave order to surround y^e swampe, it being aboute a mile aboute; but
+  Levetenante Davenporte & some 12. more, not hearing that co[=m]and,
+  fell into y^e swampe among y^e Indeans. The swampe was so thicke with
+  shrub-woode, & so boggie with all, that some of them stuck fast, and
+  received many shott. Levetenant Davenport was dangerously wounded
+  aboute his armehole, and another shott in y^e head, so as, fainting,
+  they were in great danger to have been taken by y^e Indeans. But
+  Sargante Rigges, & Jeffery, and 2. or 3. more, rescued them, and slew
+  diverse of y^e Indeans with their swords. After they were drawne out,
+  the Indeans desired parley, & were offered (by Thomas Stanton, our
+  interpretour) that, if they would come out, and yeeld them selves,
+  they should have their lives, all that had not their hands in y^e
+  English blood. Wherupon y^e sachem of y^e place came forth, and an old
+  man or 2. & their wives and children, and after that some other women
+  & children, and so they spake 2. howers, till it was night. Then
+  Thomas Stanton was sente into them againe, to call them forth; but
+  they said they would selle their lives their, and so shott at him so
+  thicke as, if he had not cried out, and been presently rescued, they
+  had slaine him. Then our men cutt of a place of y^e swampe with their
+  swords, and cooped the Indeans into so narrow a compass, as they could
+  easier kill them throw y^e thickets. So they continued all y^e night,
+  standing aboute 12. foote one from an other, and y^e Indeans, coming
+  close up to our men, shot their arrows so thicke, as they pierced
+  their hatte brimes, & their sleeves, & stockins, & other parts of
+  their cloaths, yet so miraculously did the Lord preserve them as not
+  one of them was wounded, save those 3. who rashly went into y^e
+  swampe. When it was nere day, it grue very darke, so as those of them
+  which were left dropt away betweene our men, though they stood but 12.
+  or 14. foote assunder; but were presenly discovered, & some killed in
+  y^e pursute. Upon searching of y^e swampe, y^e next morning, they
+  found 9. slaine, & some they pulled up, whom y^e Indeans had buried in
+  y^e mire, so as they doe thinke that, of all this company, not 20. did
+  escape, for they after found some who dyed in their flight of their
+  wounds received. The prisoners were devided, some to those of y^e
+  river, and the rest to us. Of these we send y^e male children to
+  Bermuda,[DY] by M^r. William Peirce, & y^e women & maid children are
+  disposed aboute in the townes. Ther have been now slaine & taken, in
+  all, aboute 700. The rest are dispersed, and the Indeans in all
+  quarters so terrified as all their friends are affraid to receive
+  them. 2. of y^e sachems of Long Iland came to M^r. Stoughton and
+  tendered them selves to be tributaries under our protection. And 2. of
+  y^e Neepnett sachems have been with me to seeke our frendship. Amonge
+  the prisoners we have y^e wife & children of Mononotto, a womon of a
+  very modest countenance and behaviour. It was by her mediation that
+  the[DZ] 2. English [226] maids were spared from death, and were kindly
+  used by her; so that I have taken charge of her. One of her first
+  requests was, that the English would not abuse her body, and that her
+  children might not be taken from her. Those which were wounded were
+  fetched of soone by John Galopp, who came with his shalop in a happie
+  houre, to bring them victuals, and to carrie their wounded men to y^e
+  pinass, wher our cheefe surgeon was, w^th M^r. Willson, being aboute
+  8. leagues off. Our people are all in health, (y^e Lord be praised,)
+  and allthough they had marched in their armes all y^e day, and had
+  been in fight all y^e night, yet they professed they found them selves
+  so fresh as they could willingly have gone to such another bussines.
+
+  This is y^e substance of that which I received, though I am forced to
+  omite many considerable circomstances. So, being in much straitnes of
+  time, (the ships being to departe within this 4. days, and in them the
+  Lord Lee and M^r. Vane,) I hear breake of, and with harty saluts to,
+  &c., I rest
+
+  Yours assured,
+  JO: WINTHROP.
+
+  The 28. of y^e 5. month, 1637.
+
+  The captains reporte we have slaine 13. sachems; but Sassacouse &
+  Monotto are yet living.
+
+That I may make an end of this matter: this Sassacouse (y^e Pequents
+cheefe sachem) being fled to y^e Mowhakes, they cutt of his head, with
+some other of y^e cheefe of them, whether to satisfie y^e English, or
+rather y^e Narigansets, (who, as I have since heard, hired them to doe
+it,) or for their owne advantage, I well know not; but thus this warr
+tooke end. The rest of y^e Pequents were wholy driven from their place,
+and some of them submitted them selves to y^e Narigansets, & lived under
+them; others of them betooke them selves to y^e Monhiggs, under Uncass,
+their sachem, w^th the approbation of y^e English of Conightecutt, under
+whose protection Uncass lived, and he and his men had been faithful to
+them in this warr, & done them very good service. But this did so vexe
+the Narrigansetts, that they had not y^e whole sweay over them, as they
+have never ceased plotting and contriving how to bring them under, and
+because they cannot attaine their ends, because of y^e English who have
+protected them, they have sought to raise a generall conspiracie against
+y^e English, as will appear in an other place.
+
+They had now letters againe out of England from M^r. Andrews & M^r.
+Beachamp, that M^r. Sherley neither had nor would pay them any money, or
+give them any accounte, and so with much discontent desired them hear to
+send them some, much blaming them still, that they had sent all to M^r.
+Sherley, & none to them selves. Now, though they might have justly
+referred them to their former answer, and insisted ther upon, & some
+wise men counselled them so to doe, yet because they beleeved that [227]
+they were realy out round sumes of money, (espetialy M^r. Andrews,) and
+they had some in their hands, they resolved to send them what bever they
+had.[EA] M^r. Sherleys letters were to this purpose: that, as they had
+left him in y^e paiment of y^e former bills, so he had tould them he
+would leave them in this, and beleeve it, they should find it true. And
+he was as good as his word, for they could never gett peney from him,
+nor bring him to any accounte, though Mr. Beachamp sued him in y^e
+Chancerie. But they all of them turned their complaints against them
+here, wher ther was least cause, and who had suffered most unjustly;
+first from M^r. Allerton & them, in being charged with so much of y^t
+which they never had, nor drunke for; and now in paying all, & more then
+all (as they conceived), and yet still thus more demanded, and that with
+many heavie charges. They now discharged M^r. Sherley from his agencie,
+and forbad him to buy or send over any more goods for them, and prest
+him to come to some end about these things.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1638._
+
+This year M^r. Thomas Prence was chosen Gov^r.
+
+Amongst other enormities that fell out amongst them, this year 3. men
+were (after due triall) executed for robery & murder which they had
+committed; their names were these, Arthur Peach, Thomas Jackson, and
+Richard Stinnings; ther was a 4., Daniel Crose, who was also guilty, but
+he escaped away, and could not be found. This Arthur Peach was y^e
+cheefe of them, and y^e ring leader of all y^e rest. He was a lustie and
+a desperate yonge man, and had been one of y^e souldiers in y^e Pequente
+warr, and had done as good servise as y^e most ther, and one of y^e
+forwardest in any attempte. And being now out of means, and loath to
+worke, and falling to idle courses & company, he intended to goe to y^e
+Dutch plantation; and had alured these 3., being other mens servants and
+apprentices, to goe with him. But another cause ther was allso of his
+secret going away in this maner; he was not only rune into debte, but he
+had gott a maid with child, (which was not known till after his death,)
+a mans servante in y^e towne, and fear of punishmente made him gett
+away. The other 3. complotting with him, ranne away from their maisters
+in the night, and could not be heard of, for they went not y^e ordinarie
+way, but shaped such a course as they thought to avoyd y^e pursute of
+any [228]. But falling into y^e way that lyeth betweene y^e Bay of
+Massachusetts and the Narrigansets, and being disposed to rest them
+selves, struck fire, and took tobaco, a litle out of y^e way, by y^e way
+side. At length ther came a Narigansett Indean by, who had been in y^e
+Bay a trading, and had both cloth & beads aboute him. (They had meett
+him y^e day before, & he was now returning.) Peach called him to drinke
+tobaco with them, and he came & sate downe with them. Peach tould y^e
+other he would kill him, and take what he had from him. But they were
+some thing afraid; but he said, Hang him, rogue, he had killed many of
+them. So they let him alone to doe as he would; and when he saw his
+time, he tooke a rapier and rane him through the body once or twise, and
+tooke from him 5. fathume of wampam, and 3. coats of cloath, and wente
+their way, leaving him for dead. But he scrabled away, when they were
+gone, and made shift to gett home, (but dyed within a few days after,)
+by which means they were discovered; and by subtilty the Indeans tooke
+them. For they desiring a canow to sett them over a water, (not thinking
+their facte had been known,) by y^e sachems command they were carried to
+Aquidnett Iland, & ther accused of y^e murder, and were examend &
+comitted upon it by y^e English ther. The Indeans sent for M^r.
+Williams, & made a greeveous complainte; his freinds and kinred were
+ready to rise in armes, and provock the rest therunto, some conceiving
+they should now find y^e Pequents words trew: that y^e English would
+fall upon them. But M^r. Williams pacified them, & tould them, they
+should see justice done upon y^e offenders; & wente to y^e man, & tooke
+M^r. James, a phisition, with him. The man tould him who did it, & in
+what maner it was done; but the phisition found his wounds mortall, and
+that he could not live, (as he after testified upon othe, before the
+jurie in oppen courte,) and so he dyed shortly after, as both Mr.
+Williams, M^r. James, & some Indeans testified in courte. The Gov^rt in
+the Bay were aquented with it, but refferrd it hither, because it was
+done in this jurisdiction;[EB] but pressed by all means y^t justice
+might be done in it; or els y^e countrie must rise & see justice done,
+otherwise it would raise a warr. Yet some of y^e rude & ignorante sorte
+murmured that any English should be put to death for y^e Indeans. So at
+last they of y^e iland brought them hither, and being often examened,
+and y^e evidence prodused, they all in the end freely confessed in
+effect all y^t the Indean accused them of, & that they had done it, in
+y^e maner afforesaid; and so, upon y^e forementioned evidence, were cast
+by y^e jurie, & condemned, & executed for the same. And some of y^e
+Narigansett Indeans, & of y^e parties freinds, were presente when it was
+done, which gave them & all y^e countrie good satisfaction. But it was a
+matter of much sadnes to them hear, and was y^e 2. execution which they
+had since they came; being both for wilfull murder, as hath bene before
+related. Thus much of this mater.
+
+[229] They received this year more letters from England full of reneued
+complaints, on y^e one side, that they could gett no money nor accounte
+from M^r. Sherley; & he againe, y^t he was pressed therto, saying he was
+to accounte with those hear, and not with them, &c. So, as was before
+resolved, if nothing came of their last letters, they would now send
+them what they could, as supposing, when some good parte was payed them,
+that M^r. Sherley & they would more easily agree aboute y^e remainder.
+
+So they sent to M^r. Andrews and M^r. Beachamp, by M^r. Joseph Yonge, in
+y^e Mary & Anne, 1325^li. waight of beaver, devided betweene them. M^r.
+Beachamp returned an accounte of his moyety, that he made 400^li.
+starling of it, fraight and all charges paid. But M^r. Andrews, though
+he had y^e more and beter parte, yet he made not so much of his, through
+his owne indiscretion; and yet turned y^e loss[EC] upon them hear, but
+without cause.
+
+They sent them more by bills & other paimente, which was received &
+acknowledged by them, in money[ED] & y^e like; which was for katle sould
+of M^r. Allertons, and y^e price of a bark sold, which belonged to y^e
+stock, and made over to them in money, 434^li. sterling. The whole sume
+was 1234^li. sterling, save what M^r. Andrews lost in y^e beaver, which
+was otherwise made good. But yet this did not stay their clamors, as
+will apeare here after more at large.
+
+It pleased God, in these times, so to blesse y^e cuntry with such access
+& confluance of people into it, as it was therby much inriched, and
+catle of all kinds stood at a high rate for diverce years together. Kine
+were sould at 20^li. and some at 25^li. a peece, yea, some times at
+28^li. A cow-calfe usually at 10^li. A milch goate at 3^li. & some at
+4^li. And femall kids at 30^s. and often at 40^s. a peece. By which
+means y^e anciente planters which had any stock begane to grow in their
+estats. Corne also wente at a round rate, viz. 6^s. a bushell. So as
+other trading begane to be neglected; and the old partners (having now
+forbidden M^r. Sherley to send them any more goods) broke of their trade
+at Kenebeck, and, as things stood, would follow it no longer. But some
+of them, (with other they joyned with,) being loath it should be lost by
+discontinuance, agreed with y^e company for it, and gave them aboute y^e
+6. parte of their gaines for it; [230][EE] with y^e first fruits of
+which they builte a house for a prison; and the trade ther hath been
+since continued, to y^e great benefite of y^e place; for some well
+fore-sawe that these high prises of corne and catle would not long
+continue, and that then y^e co[=m]odities ther raised would be much
+missed.
+
+This year, aboute y^e 1. or 2. of June, was a great & fearfull
+earthquake; it was in this place heard before it was felte. It came with
+a rumbling noyse, or low murmure, like unto remoate thunder; it came
+from y^e norward, & pased southward. As y^e noyse aproched nerer, they
+earth begane to shake, and came at length with that violence as caused
+platters, dishes, & such like things as stoode upon shelves, to clatter
+& fall downe; yea, persons were afraid of y^e houses them selves. It so
+fell oute y^t at y^e same time diverse of y^e cheefe of this towne were
+mett together at one house, conferring with some of their freinds that
+were upon their removall from y^e place, (as if y^e Lord would herby
+shew y^e signes of his displeasure, in their shaking a peeces &
+removalls one from an other.) How ever it was very terrible for y^e
+time, and as y^e men were set talking in y^e house, some women & others
+were without y^e dores, and y^e earth shooke with y^t violence as they
+could not stand without catching hould of y^e posts & pails y^t stood
+next them; but y^e violence lasted not long. And about halfe an hower,
+or less, came an other noyse & shaking, but nether so loud nor strong as
+y^e former, but quickly passed over; and so it ceased. It was not only
+on y^e sea coast, but y^e Indeans felt it within land; and some ships
+that were upon y^e coast were shaken by it. So powerfull is y^e mighty
+hand of y^e Lord, as to make both the earth & sea to shake, and the
+mountaines to tremble before him, when he pleases; and who can stay his
+hand? It was observed that y^e so[=m]ers, for divers years togeather
+after this earthquake, were not so hotte & seasonable for y^e ripning of
+corne & other fruits as formerly; but more could & moyst, & subjecte to
+erly & untimly frosts, by which, many times, much Indean corne came not
+to maturitie; but whether this was any cause, I leave it to naturallists
+to judge.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1639. & Anno Dom: 1640._
+
+These 2. years I joyne togeather, because in them fell not out many
+things more then y^e ordinary passages of their co[=m]one affaires,
+which are not needfull to be touched. [231] Those of this plantation
+having at sundrie times granted lands for severall townships, and
+amongst y^e rest to y^e inhabitants of Sityate, some wherof issewed from
+them selves, and allso a large tracte of land was given to their 4.
+London partners in y^e place, viz. M^r. Sherley, M^r. Beacham, M^r.
+Andrews, & M^r. Hatherley. At M^r. Hatherley's request and choys it was
+by him taken for him selfe and them in y^t place; for the other 3. had
+invested him with power & trust to chose for them. And this tracte of
+land extended to their utmoste limets that way, and bordered on their
+neigbours of y^e Massachusets, who had some years after seated a towne
+(called Hingam) on their lands next to these parts. So as now ther grue
+great differance betweene these 2. townships, about their bounds, and
+some meadow grownds that lay betweene them. They of Hingam presumed to
+alotte parte of them to their people, and measure & stack them out. The
+other pulled up their stacks, & threw them. So it grew to a controversie
+betweene the 2. goverments, & many letters and passages were betweene
+them aboute it; and it hunge some 2. years in suspense. The Courte of
+Massachusets, appointed some to range their line according to y^e bounds
+of their patente, and (as they wente to worke) they made it to take in
+all Sityate, and I know not how much more. Againe, on y^e other hand,
+according to y^e line of the patente of this place, it would take in
+Hingame and much more within their bounds.
+
+In y^e end boath Courts agreed to chose 2. comissioners of each side,
+and to give them full & absolute power to agree and setle y^e bounds
+betwene them; and what they should doe in y^e case should stand
+irrevocably. One meeting they had at Hingam, but could not conclude; for
+their comissioners stoode stiffly on a clawes in their graunte, That
+from Charles-river, or any branch or parte therof, they were to extend
+their limits, and 3. myles further to y^e southward; or from y^e most
+southward parte of y^e Massachusets Bay, and 3. mile further. But they
+chose to stand on y^e former termes, for they had found a smale river,
+or brooke rather, that a great way with in land trended southward, and
+issued into some part of y^t river taken to be Charles-river, and from
+y^e most southerly part of this, & 3. mile more southward of y^e same,
+they would rune a line east to y^e sea, aboute 20. mile; which will (say
+they) take in a part of Plimoth itselfe. Now it is to be knowne y^t
+though this patente & plantation were much the ancienter, yet this
+inlargemente of the same (in which Sityate stood) was granted after
+theirs, and so theirs were first to take place, before this inlargmente.
+Now their answer was, first, that, however according to their owne plan,
+they could noway come upon any part of their ancieante grante. [232]
+Secondly. They could never prove y^t to be a parte of Charles-river, for
+they knew not which was Charles-river, but as y^e people of this place,
+which came first, imposed such a name upon y^t river, upon which, since,
+Charles-towne is builte (supposing y^t was it, which Captaine Smith in
+his mapp so named). Now they y^t first named it have best reason to know
+it, and to explaine which is it. But they only tooke it to be Charles
+river, as fare as it was by them navigated, and y^t was as farr as a
+boate could goe. But y^t every runlett or small brooke, y^t should, farr
+within land, come into it, or mixe their stremes with it, and were by
+y^e natives called by other & differente names from it, should now by
+them be made Charles-river, or parts of it, they saw no reason for it.
+And gave instance in Humber, in Old England, which had y^e Trente, Ouse,
+and many others of lesser note fell into it, and yet were not counted
+parts of it; and many smaler rivers & broks fell into y^e Trente, &
+Ouse, and no parts of them, but had nams aparte, and divisions &
+nominations of them selves. Againe, it was pleaded that they had no east
+line in their patente, but were to begine at y^e sea, and goe west by a
+line, &c. At this meeting no conclution was made, but things discussed &
+well prepared for an issue. The next year y^e same co[=m]issioners had
+their power continued or renewed, and mett at Sityate, and concluded y^e
+mater, as followeth.
+
+_The agreemente of y^e bounds betwixte Plimoth and Massachusetts._
+
+  Wheras ther were tow comissiones granted by y^e 2. jurisdictions, y^e
+  one of Massachsets Govermente, granted unto John Endecott, gent: and
+  Israell Stoughton, gent: the other of New-Plimoth Govermente, to
+  William Bradford, Gov^r, and Edward Winslow, gent: and both these for
+  y^e setting out, setling, & determining of y^e bounds & limitts of y^e
+  lands betweene y^e said jurisdictions, wherby not only this presente
+  age, but y^e posteritie to come may live peaceably & quietly in y^t
+  behalfe. And for as much as y^e said comissioners on both sids have
+  full power so to doe, as appeareth by y^e records of both
+  jurisdictions; we therfore, y^e said comissioners above named, doe
+  hearby with one consente & agreemente conclude, detirmine, and by
+  these presents declare, that all y^e marshes at Conahasett y^t lye of
+  y^e one side of y^e river next to Hingam, shall belong to y^e
+  jurisdition of Massachusetts Plantation; and all y^e marshes y^t lye
+  on y^e other side of y^e river next to Sityate, shall be long to y^e
+  jurisdiction of New-Plimoth; excepting 60. acers of marsh at y^e mouth
+  of y^e river, on Sityate side next to the sea, which we doe herby
+  agree, conclude, & detirmine shall belong to y^e jurisdition of
+  Massachusetts. And further, we doe hearby agree, determine, and
+  conclude, y^t the bounds of y^e limites betweene both y^e said
+  jurisditions are as followeth, viz. from y^e mouth of y^e brook y^t
+  runeth into Chonahasett marches (which we call by y^e name of
+  Bound-brooke) with a stright & directe line to y^e midle of a great
+  ponde, y^t lyeth on y^e right hand of y^e uper path, or commone way,
+  y^t leadeth betweene Waimoth and Plimoth, close to y^e path as [233]
+  we goe alonge, which was formerly named (and still we desire may be
+  caled) Accord pond, lying aboute five or 6. myles from Weimoth
+  southerley; and from thence with a straight line to y^e souther-most
+  part of Charles-river,[EF] & 3. miles southerly, inward into y^e
+  countrie, according as is expresed in y^e patente granted by his
+  Ma^tie to y^e Company of y^e Massachusetts Plantation. Provided
+  allways and never y^e less concluded & determined by mutuall
+  agreemente betweene y^e said comissioners, y^t if it fall out y^t the
+  said line from Accord-pond to y^e sothermost parte of Charles-river, &
+  3. myles southerly as is before expresed, straiten or hinder any parte
+  of any plantation begune by y^e Gove^rt of New-Plimoth, or hereafter
+  to be begune within 10. years after y^e date of these ps^{nts}, that
+  then, notwithstanding y^e said line, it shall be lawfull for y^e said
+  Gov^rt of New-Plimoth to assume on y^e northerly side of y^e said
+  line, wher it shall so intrench as afforesaid, so much land as will
+  make up y^e quantity of eight miles square, to belong to every shuch
+  plantation begune, or to [be] begune as afforesaid; which we agree,
+  determine, & conclude to appertaine & belong to y^e said Gov^rt of
+  New-Plimoth. And wheras y^e said line, from y^e said brooke which
+  runeth into Choahassett saltmarshes, called by us Bound-brooke, and
+  y^e pond called Accord-pond, lyeth nere y^e lands belonging to y^e
+  tounships of Sityate & Hingam, we doe therfore hereby determine &
+  conclude, that if any devissions allready made and recorded, by either
+  y^e said townships, doe crose the said line, that then it shall stand,
+  & be of force according to y^e former intents and purposes of the said
+  townes granting them (the marshes formerly agreed on exepted). And y^t
+  no towne in either jurisdiction shall hereafter exceede, but containe
+  them selves within y^e said lines expressed. In witnes wherof we, the
+  comissioners of both jurisdictions, doe by these presents indented set
+  our hands & scales y^e ninth day of y^e 4. month in 16. year of our
+  soveraine lord, king Charles; and in y^e year of our Lord, 1640.
+
+  WILLIAM BRADFORD, GOV^R.
+  ED: WINSLOW.
+  JO: ENDECOTT.
+  ISRAELL STOUGHTON.
+
+Wheras y^e patente was taken in y^e name of William Bradford, (as in
+trust,) and rane in these termes: To him, his heires, and associats &
+assignes; and now y^e noumber of free-men being much increased, and
+diverce tounships established and setled in severall quarters of y^e
+govermente, as Plimoth, Duxberie, Sityate, Tanton, Sandwich, Yarmouth,
+Barnstable, Marchfeeld, and not longe after, Seacunke (called afterward,
+at y^e desire of y^e inhabitants, Rehoboth) and Nawsett, it was by y^e
+Courte desired that William Bradford should make a surrender of the same
+into their hands. The which he willingly did, in this maner following.
+
+  Wheras William Bradford, and diverce others y^e first instruments of
+  God in the begi[=n]ing of this great work of plantation, togeather
+  with such as y^e allordering hand of God in his providence soone added
+  unto them, have been at very great charges to procure y^e lands,
+  priviledges, & freedoms from all intanglments, as may appeare by
+  diverse & sundrie deeds, inlargments of grants, purchases, and
+  payments of debts, &c., by reason wherof y^e title to y^e day of these
+  presents [234] remaineth in y^e said William Bradford, his heires,
+  associats, and assignes: now, for y^e better setling of y^e estate of
+  the said lands (contained in y^e grant or pattente), the said William
+  Bradford, and those first instruments termed & called in sondry orders
+  upon publick recorde, Y^e Purchasers, or Old comers; witnes 2. in
+  spetiall, the one bearing date y^e 3. of March, 1639. the other in
+  Des: the 1. An^o 1640. wherunto these presents have spetiall relation
+  & agreemente, and wherby they are distinguished from other y^e freemen
+  & inhabitants of y^e said corporation. Be it knowne unto all men,
+  therfore, by these presents, that the said William Bradford, for him
+  selfe, his heires, together with y^e said purchasers, doe only reserve
+  unto them selves, their heires, and assignes those 3. tractes of land
+  mentioned in y^e said resolution, order, and agreemente, bearing date
+  y^e first of Des: 1640. viz. first, from y^e bounds of Yarmouth, 3.
+  miles to y^e eastward of Naemschatet, and from sea to sea, crose the
+  neck of land. The 2. of a place called Acoughcouss, which lyeth in y^e
+  botome of y^e bay adjoyning to y^e west-side of Pointe Perill, and 2.
+  myles to y^e westerne side of y^e said river, to an other place called
+  Acushente river, which entereth at y^e westerne end of Nacata, and 2.
+  miles to y^e eastward therof, and to extend 8. myles up into y^e
+  countrie. The 3. place, from Sowansett river to Patucket river, (with
+  Cawsumsett neck,) which is y^e cheefe habitation of y^e Indeans, &
+  reserved for them to dwell upon, extending into y^e land 8. myles
+  through y^e whole breadth therof. Togeather with such other small
+  parcells of lands as they or any of them are personally possessed of
+  or intressed in, by vertue of any former titles or grante whatsoever.
+  And y^e said William Bradford doth, by y^e free & full consente,
+  approbation, and agreemente of y^e said old-planters, or purchasers,
+  together with y^e liking, approbation, and acceptation of y^e other
+  parte of y^e said corporation, surrender into y^e hands of y^e whole
+  courte, consisting of y^e free-men of this corporation of New-Plimoth,
+  all y^t other right & title, power, authority, priviledges,
+  immunities, & freedomes granted in y^e said letters patents by y^e
+  said right Honb^le Counsell for New-England; reserveing his & their
+  personall right of freemen, together w^th the said old planters
+  afforesaid, excepte y^e said lands before excepted, declaring the
+  freemen of this corporation, togeather with all such as shal be
+  legally admitted into y^e same, his associats. And y^e said William
+  Bradford, for him, his heiers, & assignes, doe hereby further promise
+  and grant to doe & performe whatsoever further thing or things, acte
+  or actes, which in him lyeth, which shall be needfull and expediente
+  for y^e better confirming and establishing the said premises, as by
+  counsel lerned in y^e lawes shall be reasonably advised and devised,
+  when he shall be ther unto required. In witness wherof, the said
+  William Bradford hath in publick courte surrendered the said letters
+  patents actually into y^e hands & power of y^e said courte, binding
+  him selfe, his heires, executors, administrators, and assignes to
+  deliver up whatsoever spetialties are in his hands that doe or may
+  concerne the same.
+
+[235] In these 2. years they had sundry letters out of England to send
+one over to end the buissines and accounte with M^r. Sherley; who now
+professed he could not make up his accounts without y^e help of some
+from hence, espetialy M^r. Winslows. They had serious thoughts of it,
+and y^e most parte of y^e partners hear thought it best to send; but
+they had formerly written such bitter and threatening letters as M^r.
+Winslow was neither willing to goe, nor y^t any other of y^e partners
+should; for he was perswaded, if any of them wente, they should be
+arested, and an action of such a su[=m]e layed upon them as they should
+not procure baele, but must lye in prison, and then they would bring
+them to what they liste; or other wise they might be brought into
+trouble by y^e arch-bishops means, as y^e times then stood. But,
+notwithstanding, they weer much inclined to send, & Captaine Standish
+was willing to goe, but they resolved, seeing they could not all agree
+in this thing, and that it was waighty, and y^e consequence might prove
+dangerous, to take M^r. Winthrops advise in y^e thing, and y^e rather,
+because M^r. Andrews had by many letters acquaynted him with y^e
+differences betweene them, and appoynted him for his assigne to receive
+his parte of y^e debte. (And though they deneyed to pay him any as a
+debte, till y^e controversie was ended, yet they had deposited 110^li.
+in money in his hands for M^r. Andrews, to pay to him in parte as soone
+as he would come to any agreement with y^e rest.) But M^r. Winthrop was
+of M^r. Winslows minde, and disswaded them from sending; so they broak
+of their resolution from sending, and returned this answer: that the
+times were dangerous as things stood with them, for they knew how M^r.
+Winslow had suffered formerley, and for a small matter was clapte up in
+y^e Fleete, & it was long before he could gett out, to both his & their
+great loss and damage; and times were not better, but worse, in y^t
+respecte. Yet, that their equall & honest minds might appeare to all
+men, they made them this tender: to refferr y^e case to some gentle-men
+and marchants in y^e Bay of y^e Massachusetts, such as they should
+chuse, and were well knowne unto them selves, (as they perceived their
+wer many of their aquaintance and freinds ther, better knowne to them
+then y^e partners hear,) and let them be informed in y^e case by both
+sids, and have all y^e evidence y^t could be prodused, in writing, or
+other wise; and they would be bound to stand to their determination, and
+make good their award, though it should cost them all they had in y^e
+world. But this did not please them, but they were offended at it,
+without any great reasone for ought I know, (seeing nether side could
+give in clear accountes, y^e partners here could not, by reason they (to
+their smarte) were failed by y^e accountante they sent them, and M^r.
+Sherley pretened he could not allso,) save as they conceived it a
+disparagmente to yeeld to their inferiours in respecte of y^e place and
+other concurring circomstances. So this came to nothing; and afterward
+M^r. Sherley write, y^t if M^r. Winslow would mett him in France, y^he
+Low-Countries, or Scotland, let y^e place be knowne, and he [236] come
+to him ther. But in regard of y^e troubles that now begane to arise in
+our owne nation, and other reasons, this did not come to any effecte.
+That which made them so desirous to bring things to an end was partly to
+stope y^e clamours and aspertions raised & cast upon them hereaboute;
+though they conceived them selves to sustaine the greatest wrong, and
+had most cause of complainte; and partly because they feared y^e fall of
+catle, in which most parte of their estats lay. And this was not a vaine
+feare; for they fell indeede before they came to a conclusion, and that
+so souddanly, as a cowe that but a month before was worth 20^li., and
+would so have passed in any paymente, fell now to 5^li. and would yeeld
+no more; and a goate that wente at 3^li. or 50^s. would now yeeld but
+8. or 10^s. at most. All men feared a fall of catle, but it was thought
+it would be by degrees; and not to be from y^e highest pitch at once to
+y^e lowest, as it did, which was greatly to y^e damage of many, and y^e
+undoing of some. An other reason was, they many of them grew aged, (and
+indeed a rare thing it was that so many partners should all live
+together so many years as these did,) and saw many changes were like to
+befall; so as they were loath to leave these intanglments upon their
+children and posteritie, who might be driven to remove places, as they
+had done; yea, them selves might doe it yet before they dyed. But this
+bussines must yet rest; y^e next year gave it more ripnes, though it
+rendred them less able to pay, for y^e reasons afforesaid.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1641._
+
+M^r. Sherley being weary of this controversie, and desirous of an end,
+(as well as them selves,) write to M^r. John Atwode and M^r. William
+Collier, 2. of y^e inhabitants of this place, and of his speatiall
+aquaintance, and desired them to be a means to bring this bussines to an
+end, by advising & counselling the partners hear, by some way to bring
+it to a composition, by mutuall agreemente. And he write to them selves
+allso to y^t end, as by his letter may apear; so much therof as
+concernse y^e same I shall hear relate.
+
+  S^r. My love remembered, &c. I have writte so much concerning y^e
+  ending of accounts betweexte us, as I profess I know not what more to
+  write, &c. If you desire an end, as you seeme to doe, ther is (as I
+  conceive) but 2. waise; that is, to parfecte all accounts, from y^e
+  first to y^e last, &c. Now if we find this difficulte, and tedious,
+  haveing not been so stricte & carefull as we should and oughte to have
+  done, as for my owne parte I doe confess I have been somewhat to
+  remisse, and doe verily thinke so are you, &c. I fear you can never
+  make a perfecte accounte of all your pety viages, out, & home too &
+  againe, &c.[EG] So then y^e second way must be, by biding, or [237]
+  compounding; and this way, first or last, we must fall upon, &c. If we
+  must warr at law for it, doe not you expecte from me, nether will I
+  from you, but to cleave y^e heare, and then I dare say y^e lawyers
+  will be most gainers, &c. Thus let us set to y^e worke, one way or
+  other, and end, that I may not allways suffer in my name & estate. And
+  you are not free; nay, y^e gospell suffers by your delaying, and
+  causeth y^e professors of it to be hardly spoken of, that you, being
+  many, & now able, should combine & joyne togeather to oppress & burden
+  me, &c. Fear not to make a faire & reasonable offer; beleeve me, I
+  will never take any advantage to plead it against you, or to wrong
+  you; or else let M^r. Winslow come over, and let him have such full
+  power & authority as we may ende by compounding; or else, y^e accounts
+  so well and fully made up, as we may end by reconing. Now, blesed be
+  God, y^e times be much changed here, I hope to see many of you returne
+  to you^r native countrie againe, and have such freedome & libertie as
+  y^e word of God prescribs. Our bishops were never so near a downfall
+  as now; God hath miraculously confounded them, and turned all their
+  popish & Machavillian plots & projects on their owne heads, &c. Thus
+  you see what is fitt to be done concerning our perticulere greevances.
+  I pray you take it seriously into consideration; let each give way a
+  litle that we may meete, &c. Be you and all yours kindly saluted, &c.
+  So I ever rest,
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Clapham, May 18, 1641.
+
+Being thus by this leter, and allso by M^r. Atwodes & M^r. Colliers
+mediation urged to bring things to an end, (and y^e continuall clamors
+from y^e rest,) and by none more urged then by their own desires, they
+tooke this course (because many scandals had been raised upon them).
+They apoynted these 2. men before mentioned to meet on a certaine day,
+and called some other freinds on both sids, and M^r. Free-man, brother
+in law to M^r. Beachamp, and having drawne up a collection of all y^e
+remains of y^e stock, in what soever it was, as housing, boats, bark,
+and all implements belonging to y^e same, as they were used in y^e time
+of y^e trad, were they better or worce, with y^e remaines of all
+co[=m]odities, as beads, knives, hatchetts, cloth, or any thing els, as
+well y^e refuse as y^e more vendible, with all debts, as well those y^t
+were desperate as others more hopefull; and having spent diverce days to
+bring this to pass, having y^e helpe of all bookes and papers, which
+either any of them selves had, or Josias Winslow, who was their
+accountante; and they found y^e sume in all to arise (as y^e things were
+valued) to aboute 1400^li. And they all of them tooke a voluntary but a
+sollem oath, in y^e presence one of an other, and of all their frends,
+y^e persons abovesaid y^t were now presente, that this was all that any
+of them knew of, or could remember; and Josias Winslow did y^e like for
+his parte. But y^e truth is they wrongd them selves much in y^e
+valuation, for they reconed some catle as they were taken of M^r.
+Allerton, as for instance a cowe in y^e hands of one cost 25^li. and so
+she was valued in this accounte; but when she came to be past away in
+parte of paymente, after y^e agreemente, she would be accepted but a
+4^li. 15^s. [238] Also being tender of their oaths, they brought in all
+they know owing to y^e stock; but they had not made y^e like diligente
+search what y^e stocke might owe to any, so as many scattering debts
+fell upon afterwards more then now they know of.
+
+Upon this they drew certaine articles of agreemente betweene M^r.
+Atwode, on M^r. Sherleys behalfe, and them selves. The effecte is as
+folloeth.
+
+_Articles of agreemente made and concluded upon y^e 15. day of
+October, 1641. &c._
+
+  Imp: Wheras ther was a partnership for diverce years agreed upon
+  betweene James Sherley, John Beacham, and Richard Andrews, of London,
+  marchants, and William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles
+  Standish, William Brewster, John Aldon, & John Howland, w^th Isaack
+  Allerton, in a trade of beaver skines & other furrs arising in
+  New-England; the terme of which said partnership being expired, and
+  diverse su[=m]es of money in goods adventured into New-England by y^e
+  said James Sherley, John Beachamp, & Richard Andrews, and many large
+  returnes made from New-England by y^e said William Bradford, Ed:
+  Winslow, &c.; and differance arising aboute y^e charge of 2. ships,
+  the one called y^e White Angele, of Bristow, and y^e other y^e
+  Frindship, of Barnstable, and a viage intended in her, &c.; which said
+  ships & their viages, y^e said William Bradford, Ed: W. &c. conceive
+  doe not at all appertaine to their accounts of partnership; and weras
+  y^e accounts of y^e said partnership are found to be confused, and
+  cannot orderley appeare (through y^e defaulte of Josias Winslow, y^e
+  booke keeper); and weras y^e said W. B. &c. have received all their
+  goods for y^e said trade from the foresaid James Sherley, and have
+  made most of their returnes to him, by consente of y^e said John
+  Beachamp & Richard Andrews; and wheras also y^e said James Sherley
+  hath given power & authoritie to M^r. John Atwode, with y^e advice &
+  consente of William Collier, of Duxborow, for and on his behalfe, to
+  put such an absolute end to y^e said partnership, with all and every
+  accounts, reconings, dues, claimes, demands, whatsoever, to y^e said
+  James Sherley, John Beacham, & Richard Andrews, from y^e said W. B.
+  &c. for and concerning y^e said beaver trade, & also y^e charge y^e
+  said 2. ships, and their viages made or pretended, whether just or
+  unjuste, from y^e worlds begining to this presente, as also for y^e
+  paimente of a purchas of 1800^li. made by Isaack Allerton, for and on
+  y^e behalfe of y^e said W. B., Ed: W., &c., and of y^e joynt stock,
+  shares, lands, and adventurs, what soever in New-England aforesaid, as
+  apeareth by a deede bearing date y^e 6. Nov^br. 1627; and also for and
+  from such sume and sumes of money or goods as are received by William
+  Bradford, Tho: Prence, & Myles Standish, for y^e recovery of dues, by
+  accounts betwexte them, y^e said James Sherly, John Beachamp, &
+  Richard Andrews, and Isaack Allerton, for y^e ship caled y^e White
+  Angell. Now y^e said John Attwode, with advice & counsell of y^e said
+  William Collier, having had much comunication & spente diverse days in
+  agitation of all y^e said differances & accounts with y^e said W. B.,
+  E. W., &c.; and y^e said W. B., E. W., &c. have also, with y^e said
+  book-keeper spente much time in collecting & gathering togeither y^e
+  remainder of y^e stock of partnership for y^e said trade, and what
+  soever hath beene received, or is due by y^e said attorneyship before
+  expresed, and all, and all manner of goods, debts, and dues therunto
+  belonging, as well those debts that are weake and doubtfull [239] and
+  desperate, as those y^t are more secure, which in all doe amounte to
+  y^e sume of 1400^li. or ther aboute; and for more full satisfaction of
+  y^e said James Sherley, John Beachamp, & Richard Andrews, the said W.
+  B. and all y^e rest of y^e abovesaid partners, togeither with Josias
+  Winslow y^e booke keeper, have taken a voluntarie oath, y^t within y^e
+  said sume of 1400^li. or theraboute, is contained whatsoever they
+  knew, to y^e utmost of their rememberance.
+
+  In consideration of all which matters & things before expressed, and
+  to y^e end y^t a full, absolute, and finall end may be now made, and
+  all suits in law may be avoyded, and love & peace continued, it is
+  therfore agreed and concluded betweene y^e said John Attwode, with y^e
+  advice & consent of y^e said William Colier, for & on y^e behalfe of
+  y^e said James Sherley, to and with y^e said W. B., &c. in maner and
+  forme following: viz. that y^e said John Attwode shall procure a
+  sufficiente release and discharge, under y^e hands & seals of y^e said
+  James Sherley, John Beachamp, & Richard Andrews, to be delivered fayer
+  & unconcealed unto y^e said William Bradford, &c., at or before y^e
+  last day of August, next insuing y^e date hereof, whereby y^e said
+  William Bradford &c., their heires, executors, & administrators, &
+  every of them shall be fully and absolutly aquited & discharged of
+  all actions, suits, reconings, accounts, claimes, and demands
+  whatsoever concerning y^e generall stock of beaver trade, paymente of
+  y^e said 1800^li. for y^e purchass, and all demands, reckonings, and
+  accounts, just or unjuste, concerning the tow ships Whit-Angell and
+  Frendship aforesaid, togeather with whatsoever hath been received by
+  y^e said William Bradford, of y^e goods or estate of Isaack Allerton,
+  for satisfaction of y^e accounts of y^e said ship called y^e Whit
+  Angele, by vertue of a [~l]re of attourney to him, Thomas Prence, & Myles
+  Standish, directed from y^e said James Sherley, John Beachamp, &
+  Richard Andrews, for y^t purpose as afforesaid.
+
+  It is also agreed & concluded upon betweene the said parties to these
+  presents, that the said W. B., E. W., &c. shall now be bound in
+  2400^li. for paymente of 1200^li. in full satisfaction of all demands
+  as afforesaid; to be payed in maner & forme following; that is to say,
+  400^li. within 2. months next after y^e receite of the aforesaid
+  releases and discharges, one hundred and ten pounds wherof is allready
+  in y^e hands of John Winthrop senior of Boston, Esquire, by the means
+  of M^r. Richard Andrews afforesaid, and 80^li. waight of beaver now
+  deposited into y^e hands of y^e said John Attwode, to be both in part
+  of paimente of y^e said 400^li. and y^e other 800^li. to be payed by
+  200^li. [p=]^r a[=n]ume, to such assignes as shall be appointed,
+  inhabiting either in Plimoth or Massachusetts Bay, in such goods &
+  comodities, and at such rates, as the countrie shall afford at y^e
+  time of delivery & paymente; and in y^e mean time y^e said bond of
+  2400^li. to be deposited into y^e hands of y^e said John Attwode. And
+  it is agreed upon by & betweene y^e said parties to these presents,
+  that if y^e said John Attwode shall not or cannot procure such said
+  releases & discharges as afforesaid from y^e said James Sherley, John
+  Bachamp, & Richard Andrews, at or before y^e last day of August next
+  insuing y^e date hear of, y^t then y^e said John Attwode shall, at y^e
+  said day precisely, redeliver, or cause to [240] be delivered unto ye
+  said W. B., E. W., &c. their said bond of 2400^li. and y^e said 80^li.
+  waight of beaver, or y^e due valew therof, without any fraud or
+  further delay; and for performance of all & singuler y^e covenants and
+  agreements hearin contained and expressed, which on y^e one parte and
+  behalfe of y^e said James Sherley are to be observed & performed,
+  shall become bound in y^e su[=m]e of 2400^li. to them, y^e said
+  William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles Standish,
+  William Brewster, John Allden, and John Howland. And it is lastly
+  agreed upon betweene y^e said parties, that these presents shall be
+  left in trust, to be kepte for boath parties, in y^e hands of Mr. John
+  Reanour, teacher of Plimoth. In witnes wherof, all y^e said parties
+  have hereunto severally sett their hands, y^e day and year first above
+  writen.
+
+  JOHN ATWODE, WILLIAM BRADFORD, EDWARD WINSLOW, &c. In y^e presence of
+
+  EDMOND FREEMAN,
+  WILLIAM THOMAS,
+  WILLIAM PADY,
+  NATHANIELL SOUTHER.
+
+The nexte year this long and tedious bussines came to some issue, as
+will then appeare, though not to a finall ende with all y^e parties; but
+this much for y^e presente.
+
+I had forgoten to inserte in its place how y^e church here had invited
+and sent for M^r. Charles Chansey,[EH] a reverend, godly, and very
+larned man, intending upon triall to chose him pastor of y^e church
+hear, for y^e more comfortable performance of y^e ministrie with Mr.
+John Reinor, the teacher of the same. But ther fell out some differance
+aboute baptising, he holding it ought only to be by diping, and putting
+y^e whole body under water, and that sprinkling was unlawfull. The
+church yeelded that immersion, or dipping, was lawfull, but in this
+could countrie not so conveniente. But they could not nor durst not
+yeeld to him in this, that sprinkling (which all y^e churches of Christ
+doe for y^e most parte use at this day) was unlawfull, & an humane
+invention, as y^e same was prest; but they were willing to yeeld to him
+as far as y^ey could, & to y^e utmost; and were contented to suffer him
+to practise as he was perswaded; and when he came to minister that
+ordnance, he might so doe it to any y^t did desire it in y^t way,
+provided he could peacably suffer Mr. Reinor, and such as desired to
+have theirs otherwise baptised by him, by sprinkling or powering on of
+water upon them; so as ther might be no disturbance in y^e church
+hereaboute. But he said he could not yeeld herunto. Upon which the
+church procured some other ministers to dispute y^e pointe with him
+publikly; as Mr. Ralfe Partrich, of Duxberie, who did it sundrie times,
+very ablie and sufficently, as allso some other ministers within this
+govermente. But he was not satisfied; so y^e church sent to many other
+churches to crave their help and advise in [241] this mater, and, with
+his will & consente, sent them his arguments writen under his owne hand.
+They sente them to y^e church at Boston in y^e Bay of Massachusets, to
+be comunicated with other churches ther. Also they sent y^e same to the
+churches of Conightecutt and New-Haven, with sundrie others; and
+received very able & sufficent answers, as they conceived, from them and
+their larned ministers, who all concluded against him. But him selfe was
+not satisfied therw^th. Their answers are too large hear to relate. They
+conceived y^e church had done what was meete in y^e thing, so M^r.
+Chansey, having been y^e most parte of 3. years here, removed him selfe
+to Sityate, wher he now remaines a minister to y^e church ther. Also
+about these times, now y^t catle & other things begane greatly to fall
+from their former rates, and persons begane to fall into more straits,
+and many being allready gone from them, (as is noted before,) both to
+Duxberie, Marshfeeld, and other places, & those of y^e cheefe sorte, as
+M^r. Winslow, Captaine Standish, Mr. Allden, and many other, & stille
+some dropping away daly, and some at this time, and many more unsetled,
+it did greatly weaken y^e place, and by reason of y^e straitnes and
+barrennes of y^e place, it sett y^e thoughts of many upon removeall; as
+will appere more hereafter.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1642._
+
+Marvilous it may be to see and consider how some kind of wickednes did
+grow & breake forth here, in a land wher the same was so much witnesed
+against, and so narrowly looked unto, & severly punished when it was
+knowne; as in no place more, or so much, that I have known or heard of;
+insomuch as they have been somewhat censured, even by moderate and good
+men, for their severitie in punishments. And yet all this could not
+suppress y^e breaking out of sundrie notorious sins, (as this year,
+besids other, gives us too many sad presidents and instances,)
+espetially drunkennes and unclainnes; not only incontinencie betweene
+persons unmaried, for which many both men & women have been punished
+sharply enough, but some maried persons allso. But that which is worse,
+even sodomie and bugerie, (things fearfull to name,) have broak forth in
+this land, oftener then once. I say it may justly be marveled at, and
+cause us to fear & tremble at the consideration of our corrupte natures,
+which are so hardly bridled, subdued, & mortified; nay, cannot by any
+other means but y^e powerfull worke & grace of Gods spirite. But (besids
+this) one reason may be, that y^e Divell may carrie a greater spite
+against the churches of Christ and y^e gospell hear, by how much y^e
+more they indeaour to preserve holynes and puritie amongst them, and
+strictly punisheth the contrary when it ariseth either in church or
+comone wealth; that he might cast a [242] blemishe & staine upon them in
+y^e eyes of [y^e] world, who use to be rash in judgmente. I would rather
+thinke thus, then that Satane hath more power in these heathen lands, as
+som have thought, then in more Christian nations, espetially over Gods
+servants in them.
+
+2. An other reason may be, that it may be in this case as it is with
+waters when their streames are stopped or da[=m]ed up, when they gett
+passage they flow with more violence, and make more noys and
+disturbance, then when they are suffered to rune quietly in their owne
+chanels. So wikednes being here more stopped by strict laws, and y^e
+same more nerly looked unto, so as it cannot rune in a comone road of
+liberty as it would, and is inclined, it searches every wher, and at
+last breaks out wher it getts vente.
+
+3. A third reason may be, hear (as I am verily perswaded) is not more
+evills in this kind, nor nothing nere so many by proportion, as in other
+places; but they are here more discoverd and seen, and made publick by
+due serch, inquisition, and due punishment; for y^e churches looke
+narrowly to their members, and y^e magistrats over all, more strictly
+then in other places. Besids, here the people are but few in comparison
+of other places, which are full & populous, and lye hid, as it were, in
+a wood or thickett, and many horrible evills by y^t means are never seen
+nor knowne; wheras hear, they are, as it were, brought into y^e light,
+and set in y^e plaine feeld, or rather on a hill, made conspicuous to
+y^e veiw of all.
+
+But to proceede; y^er came a letter from y^e Gov^r in y^e Bay to them
+here, touching matters of y^e forementioned nature, which because it may
+be usefull I shall hear relate it, and y^e passages ther aboute.
+
+  S^r: Having an opportunitie to signifie y^e desires of our Generall
+  Court in toow things of spetiall importance, I willingly take this
+  occasion to imparte them to you, y^t you may imparte them to y^e rest
+  of your magistrats, and also to your Elders, for counsell; and give us
+  your advise in them. The first is concerning heinous offences in point
+  of uncleannes; y^e perticuler cases, with y^e circomstances, and y^e
+  questions ther upon, you have hear inclosed. The 2. thing is
+  concerning y^e Ilanders at Aquidnett; y^t seeing the cheefest of them
+  are gone from us, in offences, either to churches, or co[=m]one welth,
+  or both; others are dependants on them, and y^e best sorte are such as
+  close with them in all their rejections of us. Neither is it only in a
+  faction y^t they are devided from us, but in very deed they rend them
+  selves from all y^e true churches of Christ, and, many of them, from
+  all y^e powers of majestracie. We have had some experience hereof by
+  some of their underworkers, or emissaries, who have latly come amongst
+  us, and have made publick defiance against magistracie, ministrie,
+  churches, & church covenants, &c. as antichristian; secretly also
+  sowing y^e seeds of Familisme, and Anabaptistrie, to y^e infection of
+  some, and danger of others; so that we are not willing to joyne with
+  them in any league or confederacie at all, but rather that you would
+  consider & advise with us how we may avoyd them, and keep ours from
+  being infected by them. Another thing I should mention to you, for
+  y^e maintenance of y^e trad of beaver; if ther be not a company to
+  order it in every jurisdition among y^e English, which companies
+  should agree in generall of their way in trade, I supose that y^e
+  trade will be overthrowne, and the Indeans will abuse us. For this
+  cause we have latly put it into order amongst us, hoping of
+  incouragmente from you (as we have had) y^t we may continue y^e same.
+  Thus not further to trouble you, I rest, with my loving remembrance to
+  your selfe, &c.
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  RI: BELLINGHAM.
+
+  Boston, 28. (1.) 1642.
+
+
+The note inclosed follows on y^e other side.[EI]
+
+  [244] Worthy & beloved S^r:
+
+  Your letter (with y^e questions inclosed) I have comunicated with our
+  Assistants, and we have refered y^e answer of them to such Rev[=e]^d
+  Elders as are amongst us, some of whose answers thertoo we have here
+  sent you inclosed, under their owne hands; from y^e rest we have not
+  yet received any. Our farr distance hath bene y^e reason of this long
+  delay, as also y^t they could not conferr their counsells togeather.
+
+  For our selves, (you know our breedings & abillities,) we rather
+  desire light from your selves, & others, whom God hath better inabled,
+  then to presume to give our judgments in cases so difficulte and of so
+  high a nature. Yet under correction, and submission to better
+  judgments, we propose this one thing to your prudent considerations.
+  As it seems to us, in y^e case even of willfull murder, that though a
+  man did smite or wound an other, with a full pourpose or desire to
+  kill him, (w^ch is murder in a high degree, before God,) yet if he
+  did not dye, the magistrate was not to take away y^e others life.[EJ]
+  So by proportion in other grosse & foule sines, though high attempts &
+  nere approaches to y^e same be made, and such as in the sight &
+  account of God may be as ill as y^e accomplishmente of y^e foulest
+  acts of y^t sine, yet we doute whether it may be safe for y^e
+  magistrate to proceed to death; we thinke, upon y^e former grounds,
+  rather he may not. As, for instance, in y^e case of adultrie, (if it
+  be admitted y^t it is to be punished w^{th} death, which to some of us
+  is not cleare,) if y^e body be not actually defiled, then death is not
+  to be inflicted. So in sodomie, & beastialitie, if ther be not
+  penetration. Yet we confess foulnes of circomstances, and frequencie
+  in y^e same, doth make us remaine in y^e darke, and desire further
+  light from you, or any, as God shall give.
+
+  As for y^e 2. thing, concerning y^e Ilanders? we have no conversing
+  with them, nor desire to have, furder then necessitie or humanity may
+  require.
+
+  And as for trade? we have as farr as we could ever therin held an
+  orderly course, & have been sory to see y^e spoyle therof by others,
+  and fear it will hardly be recovered. But in these, or any other
+  things which may concerne y^e co[=m]one good, we shall be willing to
+  advise & concure with you in what we may. Thus w^{th} my love
+  remembered to your selfe, and y^e rest of our worthy friends, your
+  Assistants, I take leave, & rest,
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  W. B.
+
+  Plim: 17. 3. month, 1642.
+
+
+Now follows y^e ministers answers. And first Mr. Reynors.
+
+Qest: What sodmiticall acts are to be punished with death, & what very
+facte (ipso facto) is worthy of death, or, if y^e fact it selfe be not
+capitall, what circomstances concurring may make it capitall?
+
+Ans: In y^e judiciall law (y^e moralitie wherof concerneth us) it is
+manyfest y^t carnall knowledg of man, or lying w^{th} man, as with
+woman, cum penetratione corporis, was sodomie, to be punished with
+death; what els can be understood by Levit: 18. 22. & 20. 13. & Gen: 19.
+5? 2^ly. It seems allso y^t this foule sine might be capitall, though
+ther was not penitratio corporis, but only contactus & fricatio us[q~]
+ad effusionem seminis, for these reasons: [245] 1. Because it was sin to
+be punished with death, Levit. 20. 13. in y^e man who was lyen withall,
+as well as in him y^t lyeth with him; now his sin is not mitigated wher
+ther is not penitration, nor augmented wher it is; wheras its charged
+upon y^e women, y^t they were guilty of this unnaturall sine, as well as
+men, Rom. 1. 26. 27. Y^e same thing doth furder apeare, 2. because of
+y^t proportion betwexte this sin & beastialitie, wherin if a woman did
+stand before, or aproach to, a beast, for y^t end, to lye downe therto,
+(whether penetration was or not,) it was capitall, Levit: 18. 23. & 20.
+16. 3^{ly}. Because something els might be equivalent to penetration
+wher it had not been, viz. y^e fore mentioned acts with frequencie and
+long continuance with a high hand, utterly extinguishing all light of
+nature; besids, full intention and bould attempting of y^e foulest acts
+may seeme to have been capitall here, as well as coming presumptuously
+to slay with guile was capitall. Exod: 21. 14.
+
+Yet it is not so manyfest y^t y^e same acts were to be punished with
+death in some other sines of uncleannes, w^ch yet by y^e law of God were
+capitall crimes; besids other reasons, (1.) because sodomie, & also
+beastialitie, is more against y^e light of nature then some other
+capitall crimes of unclainnes, which reason is to be attended unto, as
+y^t which most of all made this sin capitall; (2.) because it might be
+co[=m]ited with more secrecie & less suspition, & therfore needed y^e
+more to be restrained & suppresed by y^e law; (3^ly) because ther was
+not y^e like reason & degree of si[=n]ing against family & posteritie in
+this sin as in some other capitall sines of uncleannes.
+
+2. Quest: How farr a magistrate may extracte a confession from a
+delinquente, to acuse him selfe of a capitall crime, seeing Nemo tenetur
+prodere seipsum.
+
+Ans: A majestrate cannot without sin neglecte diligente inquision into
+y^e cause brought before him. Job 29. 16. Pro: 24. 11. 12. & 25. 2.
+(2^ly.) If it be manifest y^t a capitall crime is committed, & y^t
+comone reporte, or probabilitie, suspition, or some complainte, (or y^e
+like,) be of this or y^t person, a magistrate ought to require, and by
+all due means to procure from y^e person (so farr allready bewrayed) a
+naked confession of y^e fact, as apears by y^t which is morall & of
+perpetuall equitie, both in y^e case of uncertaine murder, Deut: 21. 1.
+9. and slander, Deut: 22. 13. 21; for though nemo tenetur prodere
+seipsum, yet by that w^ch may be known to y^e magistrat by y^e forenamed
+means, he is bound thus to doe, or els he may betray his countrie &
+people to y^e heavie displeasure of God, Levit: 18. 24. 25. Jos: 22. 18.
+Psa: 106. 30; such as are i[=n]ocente to y^e sinfull, base, cruell lusts
+of y^e profane, & such as are delinquents, and others with them, into
+y^e hands of y^e stronger temptations, & more bouldness, & hardnes of
+harte, to co[=m]ite more & worse villany, besids all y^e guilt & hurt he
+will bring upon him selfe. (3^ly.) To inflicte some punishmente meerly
+for this reason, to extracte a conffession of a capitall crime, is
+contrary to y^e nature of vindictive justice, which always hath respecte
+to a kno[=w] crime co[=m]itited by y^e person punished; and it will
+therfore, for any thing which can before be knowne, be y^e provocking
+and forcing of wrath, compared to y^e wringing of y^e nose, Pro: 30. 33.
+which is as well forbiden y^e fathers of y^e countrie as of y^e family,
+Ephe. 6. 4. as produsing many sad & dangerous effects. That an oath (ex
+officio) for such a purpose is no due means, hath been abundantly proved
+by y^e godly learned, & is well known.
+
+Q. 3. In what cases of capitall crimes one witnes with other
+circomstances shall be sufficiente to convince? or is ther no conviction
+without 2. witneses?
+
+Ans: In taking away y^e life of man, one witnes alone will not suffice,
+ther must be tow, or y^t which is instar; y^e texts are manifest, Numb:
+35. 30. Deut: 17. 6. & 19. 15. 2^ly. Ther may be conviction by one
+witnes, & some thing y^t hath y^e force of another, as y^e evidencie of
+y^e fact done by such an one, & not an other; unforced confession when
+ther was no fear or danger of suffering for y^e fact, hand writings
+acknowledged & confessed.
+
+JOHN REYNOR.
+
+[246] _M^r. Partrich his writing, in ans: to y^e questions._
+
+  What is y^t sodomiticall acte which is to be punished with death?
+
+  Though I conceive probable y^t a voluntary effusion of seed per modum
+  concubitus of man with man, as of a man with woman, though in
+  concubitu ther be not penetratio corporis, is y^t sin which is
+  forbiden, Levit: 18. 22. & adjudged to be punished with death, Levit:
+  20. 13. because, though ther be not penetratio corporis, yet ther may
+  be similitudo concubitus muliebris, which is y^t the law specifieth;
+  yet I dar not be con-[EK] (1.) because, Gen: 19. 5. y^e intended acte
+  of y^e Sodomits (who were y^e first noted maisters of this unnaturall
+  act of more then brutish filthines) is expressed by carnall copulation
+  of man with woman: Bring them out unto us, y^t we may know them;
+  (2^ly.) because it is observed among y^e nations wher this unnaturall
+  unclainnes is co[=m]ited, it is w^th penetration of y^e body; (3^ly.)
+  because, in y^e judiciall proceedings of y^e judges in England, y^e
+  indict: so rune (as I have been informed).
+
+  Q. How farr may a magistrat extracte a confession of a capitall crime
+  from a suspected and an accused person?
+
+  Ans. I conceive y^t a magistrate is bound, by carfull examenation of
+  circomstances & waighing of probabilities, to sifte y^e accused, and
+  by force of argumente to draw him to an acknowledgment of y^e truth;
+  but he may not extracte a confession of a capitall crime from a
+  suspected person by any violent means, whether it be by an oath
+  imposed, or by any punishmente inflicted or threatened to be
+  inflicted, for so he may draw forth an acknowledgmente of a crime from
+  a fearfull i[=n]ocente; if guilty, he shall be compelled to be his
+  owne accuser, when no other can, which is against y^e rule of justice.
+
+  Q. In what cases of capitall crimes one witnes with other
+  circomstances shall be sufficente to convicte; or is ther no
+  conviction without two witnesses?
+
+  Ans: I conceive y^t, in y^e case of capitall crimes, ther can be no
+  safe proceedings unto judgmente without too witnesses, as Numb: 35.
+  30. Deut: 19. 15. excepte ther can some evidence be prodused as
+  aveilable & firme to prove y^e facte as a witnes is, then one witnes
+  may suffice; for therin y^e end and equitie of y^e law is attained.
+  But to proceede unto sentence of death upon presumptions, wher
+  probably ther may subesse falsum, though ther be y^e testimony of one
+  wittnes, I supose it cannot be a safe way; better for such a one to be
+  held in safe custodie for further triall, I conceive.
+
+  RALPH PARTRICH.
+
+_The Answer of M^r. Charles Chancy._
+
+  An contactus et fricatio us[q~] ad seminis effusi[=o]nem sine
+  penetratione corporis sit sodomia morte plectenda?
+
+  Q. The question is what sodomiticall acts are to be punished w^th
+  death, & what very facte committed, (ipso facto,) is worthy of death,
+  or if y^e facte it selfe be not capitall, what circomstances concuring
+  may make it capitall. The same question may be asked of rape, inceste,
+  beastialitie, unnaturall sins, presumtuous sins. These be y^e words of
+  y^e first question.
+
+  Ans: The answer unto this I will lay downe (as God shall directe by
+  his word & spirite) in these following conclusions: (1.) That y^e
+  judicials of Moyses, that are appendances to y^e morall law, &
+  grounded on y^e law of nature, or y^e decalogue, are i[=m]utable, and
+  ppetuall, w^ch all orthodox devines acknowledge; see y^e authors
+  following. Luther, Tom. 1. Whitenberge: fol. 435. & fol. 7.
+  Melanethon, in loc: com loco de conjugio. Calvin, 1. 4. Institu. c. 4.
+  sect. 15. Junious de politia Moysis, thes. 29. & 30. Hen: Bulin:
+  Decad. 3. sermo. 8. Wolf: Muscu. loc: com: in 6. precepti explicaci:
+  Bucer de regno Christi, 1. 2. c. 17. Theo: Beza, vol: 1. de hereti:
+  puniendis, fol. 154. Zanch: in 3. præcept: Ursin: Pt. 4. explicat.
+  contra John. Piscat: in Aphorismi Loc. de lege dei aphorism. 17. And
+  more might be added. I forbear, for brevities sake, to set downe their
+  very words; this being y^e constante & generall oppinion of y^e best
+  devines, I will rest in this as undoubtedly true, though much more
+  might be said to confirme it.
+
+  2. That all y^e si[=n]es mentioned in y^e question were punished with
+  death by y^e judiciall law of Moyses, as adultry, Levit: 20. 10. Deut:
+  22. 22. Esech: 16. 38. Jhon. 8. 5. which is to be understood not only
+  of double adultrie, when as both parties are maried, (as some
+  conceive,) but whosoever (besids her husband) lyes with a married
+  woman, whether y^e man be maried or not, as in y^e place, Deut: 22.
+  22. or whosoever, being a maried man, lyeth with another woman (besids
+  his wife), as P. Martire saith, loc: com: which in diverce respects
+  maks y^e sine worse on y^e maried mans parte; for y^e Lord in this
+  law hath respect as well to publick honesty, (the sin being so
+  prejudicall to y^e church & state,) as y^e private wrongs (saith
+  Junious). So incest is to be punished with death, Levit: 20. 11. 22.
+  Beastiality likwise, Lev: 20. 15. Exod: 22. 19. Raps in like maner,
+  Deut: 22. 25. Sodomie in like sort, Levit: 18. 22. & 20. 13. And all
+  presumptuous sins, Numb: 15. 30. 31.
+
+  3. That y^e punishmente of these foule sines w^th death is grounded on
+  y^e law of nature, & is agreeable to the morall law. (1.) Because y^e
+  reasons a[=n]exed shew them to be perpetuall. Deut. 22. 22. So shalt
+  thou put away evill. Incest, beastiality, are caled confusion, &
+  wickednes. (2.) Infamie to y^e whole humane nature, Levit: 22. 12.
+  Levit: 18. 23. Raps are as murder, Deut: 22. 25. Sodomie is an
+  abomination, Levit: 22. 22. [247] No holier & juster laws can be
+  devised by any man or angele then have been by y^e Judg of all y^e
+  world, the wisdome of y^e Father, by whom kings doe raigne, &c. (3.)
+  Because, before y^e giving of y^e Law, this punishmente was anciently
+  practised, Gen: 26. 11. 38. 29. 39. 20. & even by the heathen, by y^e
+  very light of nature, as P. Martire shews. (4^ly.) Because y^e land is
+  defiled by such sins, and spews out y^e inhabitants, Levit: 18. 24,
+  25. & that in regard of those nations y^t were not acquainted w^th the
+  law of Moyses. 5. All y^e devins above specified consent in this, that
+  y^e unclean acts punishable with death by y^e law of God are not only
+  y^e grose acts of uncleannes by way of carnall copulation, but all y^e
+  evidente attempts therof, which may appeare by those severall words
+  y^t are used by y^e spirite of God, expressing y^e sins to be punished
+  with death; as y^e discovering of nakednes, Levit: 18. 20. which is
+  retegere pudenda, as parts p^r euphemismum (saith Junius), or detegere
+  ad cubandum (saith Willett), to uncover y^e shamefull parts of y^e
+  body (saith Ainsworth), which, though it reaches to y^e grose acts,
+  yet it is plaine it doth comprehend ye other foregoing immodest
+  attempts, as contactum, fricationem, &c.; likwise ye phrase of lying
+  with, so often used, doth not only signifie carnall copulation, but
+  other obscene acts, p^{r}ceding y^e same, is implyed in Pauls word
+  [Greek: arsenokoitai], 1. Cor: 6. 9. & men lying with men, 1. Tim: 1.
+  9. men defiling them selves w^th mankind, men burning with lust
+  towards men, Rom: 1. 26. & Levit: 18.[EL] 22. sodom & sin going after
+  strange flesh, Jud: v. 7. 8. and lying with mankind as with a woman,
+  Levit: 18. 22. Abulentis says y^t it signifies omnes modos quibus
+  masculus masculo abutatur, changing y^e naturall use into y^t which is
+  against nature, Rom: 1. 26. arrogare sibi cubare, as Junius well
+  translats Levit: 20. 15. to give consente to lye withall, so
+  approaching to a beast, & lying downe therto, Levit: 20. 16. ob solum
+  conatú[EM] (saith Willett) or for going about to doe it. Add to this a
+  notable speech of Zepperus de legibus (who hath enough to end
+  controversies of this nature). L. 1. he saith: In crimine adulterii
+  voluntas (understanding manifeste) sine effectu subsecuto de jure
+  attenditur; and he proves it out of good laws, in these words:
+  Solicitatores[EN] alie[=n]um nupti[=a]m item[q~] matrimon[=i]um
+  interpellatores, etsi effectu sceleris potiri non possunt, propter
+  voluntatem tamen perniciosæ libidinis extra ordinem puniuntur; nam
+  generale est quidem affect[=u] sine effectu [non] puniri, sed
+  contrarium observatur in atrocioribus & horum similibus.
+
+  5. In concluding punishments from y^e judiciall law of Moyses y^t is
+  perpetuall, we must often p^{r}ceed by analogicall proportion &
+  interpretation, as a paribus similibus, minore ad majus, &c.; for ther
+  will still fall out some cases, in every co[=m]one-wealth, which are
+  not in so many words extante in holy write, yet y^e substance of y^e
+  matter in every kind (I conceive under correction) may be drawne and
+  concluded out of y^e scripture by good consequence of an equevalent
+  nature; as, for example, ther is no express law against destroying
+  conception in y^e wombe by potions, yet by anologie with Exod: 21. 22,
+  23. we may reason y^t life is to be given for life. Againe, y^e
+  question, An contactus & fricatio, &c., and methinks y^t place Gen:
+  38. 9. in y^e punishmente of Onans sin, may give some cleare light to
+  it; it was (saith Pareus) beluina crudelitas quam Deus pari loco cum
+  parricidio habuit, nam semen corrumpere, quid fuit aliud quam hominem
+  ex semine generandum occidere? Propterea juste a Deo occisus est.
+  Observe his words. And againe, Discamus quantopere Deus abominetur
+  omnem seminis genitalis abusum, illicit[=a] effusionem, &
+  corruption[=e], &c., very pertinente to this case. That allso is
+  considerable, Deut: 25. 11, 12. God comanded y^t, if any wife drue
+  nigh to deliver her husband out of y^e hand of him y^t smiteth him,
+  &c., her hand should be cutt off. Yet such a woman in y^t case might
+  say much for her selfe, y^t what she did was in trouble & perplexitie
+  of her minde, & in her husbands defence; yet her hand must be cutt of
+  for such impuritie (and this is morall, as I conceive). Then we may
+  reason from y^e less to y^e greater, what greevous sin in y^e sight of
+  God it is, by y^e instigation of burning lusts, set on fire of hell,
+  to proceede to contactum & fricationem ad emissionem seminis, &c., &
+  y^t contra naturam, or to attempte y^e grosse acts of unnaturall
+  filthines. Againe, if y^t unnaturall lusts of men with men, or woman
+  with woman, or either with beasts, be to be punished with death, then
+  a pari naturall lusts of men towards children under age are so to be
+  punished.
+
+  6. Circumstantiæ variant vis e actiunes, (saith y^e lawiers,) &
+  circomstances in these cases cannot possibly be all reck[=e]d up; but
+  God hath given laws for those causes & cases that are of greatest
+  momente, by which others are to be judged of, as in y^e differance
+  betwixte chanc medley, & willfull murder; so in y^e sins of
+  uncleannes, it is one thing to doe an acte of uncleannes by sudden
+  temptation, & another to lye in waite for it, yea, to make a co[=m]une
+  practise of it; this mightily augments & multiplies y^e sin. Againe,
+  some si[=n]es of this nature are simple, others compound, as y^t is
+  simple adultrie, or inceste, or simple sodomie; but when ther is a
+  mixture of diverce kinds of lust, as when adultery & sodomie &
+  [p=]^{r}ditio seminis goe togeather in y^e same acte of uncleannes,
+  this is capitall, double, & trible. Againe, when adultrie or sodomie
+  is co[=m]ited by [p=]fessors or church members, I fear it coms too
+  near y^e sine of y^e preists daughters, forbidden, & comanded to be
+  punished, Levit: 21. 9. besids y^e presumption of y^e si[=n]es of
+  such. Againe, when uncleannes is comited with those whose chastity
+  they are bound to [*)p]serve, this coms very nere the incestious
+  copulation, I feare; but I must hasten to y^e other questions.
+
+  [248] 2. Question y^e second, upon y^e pointe of examination, how farr
+  a magistrate may extracte a confession from a delinquente to accuse
+  him selfe in a capitall crime, seeing Nemo tenetur prodere seipsum.
+
+  Ans: The words of y^e question may be understood of extracting a
+  confession from a delinquente either by oath or bodily tormente. If it
+  be mente of extracting by requiring an oath, (ex officio, as some call
+  it,) & that in capitall crimes, I fear it is not safe, nor warented by
+  Gods word, to extracte a confession from a delinquente by an oath in
+  matters of life and death. (1.) Because y^e practise in y^e Scripturs
+  is other wise, as in y^e case of Achan, Jos: 7. 19. Give, I pray y^e,
+  glorie to y^e Lord God of Israll, and make a confession to him, & tell
+  me how thou hast done. He did not compell him to sweare. So when as
+  Johnathans life was indangered, 1. Sam. 14. 43. Saule said unto
+  Johnathan, Tell me what thou hast done; he did not require an oath.
+  And notable is y^t, Jer: 38. 14. Jeremiah was charged by Zedechias,
+  who said, I will aske the a thing, hide it not from me; & Jeremiah
+  said, If I declare it unto y^e, wilt thou not surely put me to death?
+  impling y^t, in case of death, he would have refused to answer him.
+  (2.) Reason shews it, & experience; Job: 2. 4. Skin for skin, &c. It
+  is to be feared y^t those words (whatsoever a man hath) will
+  comprehend also y^e conscience of an oath, and y^e fear of God, and
+  all care of religion; therfore for laying a snare before y^e guiltie,
+  I think it ought not to be donn. But now, if y^e question be mente of
+  inflicting bodyly torments to extracte a confession from a
+  mallefactor, I conceive y^t in maters of higest consequence, such as
+  doe conceirne y^e saftie or ruine of stats or countries, magistrats
+  may proceede so farr to bodily torments, as racks, hote-irons, &c., to
+  extracte a conffession, espetially wher presumptions are strounge; but
+  otherwise by no means. God sometims hids a sinner till his wickednes
+  is filled up.
+
+  Question 3. In what cases of capitall crimes, one witnes with other
+  circumstances shall be sufficente to convicte, or is ther no
+  conviction without 2. witneses?
+
+  Deut: 19. 25. God hath given an express rule y^t in no case one
+  witness shall arise in judgmente, espetially not in capitall cases.
+  God would not put our lives into y^e power of any one toungue. Besids,
+  by y^e examination of more wittneses agreeing or disagreeing, any
+  falshood ordenarilly may be discovered; but this is to be understood
+  of one witnes of another; but if a man witnes against him selfe, his
+  owne testimony is sufficente, as in y^e case of y^e Amalakite, 2. Sam:
+  1. 16. Againe, when ther are sure & certaine signes & evidences by
+  circumstances, ther needs no witnes in this case, as in y^e bussines
+  of Adoniah desiring Abishage y^e Shunamite to wife, that therby he
+  might make way for him selfe unto y^e kingdome, 1. King: 2. 23, 24.
+  Againe, probably by many concurring circumstances, if probability may
+  have y^e strength of a witnes, somthing may be this way gathered, me
+  thinks, from Sallomons judging betweexte y^e true mother, and y^e
+  harlote, 1. King. 3. 25. Lastly, I see no cause why in waighty
+  matters, in defecte of witneses & other proofes, we may not have
+  recourse to a lott, as in y^e case of Achan, Josu: 7. 16. which is a
+  clearer way in such doubtfull cases (it being solemnely & religiously
+  performed) then any other that I know, if it be made y^e last refuge.
+  But all this under correction.
+
+  The Lord in mercie directe & prosper y^e desires of his servants that
+  desire to walk before him in truth & righteousnes in the
+  administration of justice, and give them wisdome and largnes of harte.
+
+  CHARLES CHANNCY.
+
+Besids y^e occation before mentioned in these writings concerning the
+abuse of those 2. children, they had aboute y^e same time a case of
+buggerie fell out amongst them, which occasioned these questions, to
+which these answers have been made.
+
+And after y^e time of y^e writ[=i]g of these things befell a very sadd
+accidente of the like foule nature in this govermente, this very year,
+which I shall now relate. Ther was a youth whose name was Thomas
+Granger; he was servant to an honest man of Duxbery, being aboute 16. or
+17. years of age. (His father & mother lived at the same time at
+Sityate.) He was this year detected of buggery (and indicted for y^e
+same) with a mare, a cowe, tow goats, five sheep, 2. calves, and a
+turkey. Horrible [249] it is to mention, but y^e truth of y^e historie
+requires it. He was first discovered by one y^t accidentally saw his
+lewd practise towards the mare. (I forbear perticulers.) Being upon it
+examined and co[=m]itted, in y^e end he not only confest y^e fact with
+that beast at that time, but sundrie times before, and at severall times
+with all y^e rest of y^e forenamed in his indictmente; and this his
+free-confession was not only in private to y^e magistrats, (though at
+first he strived to deney it,) but to sundrie, both ministers & others,
+and afterwards, upon his indictmente, to y^e whole court & jury; and
+confirmed it at his execution. And wheras some of y^e sheep could not so
+well be knowne by his description of them, others with them were brought
+before him, and he declared which were they, and which were not. And
+accordingly he was cast by y^e jury, and condemned, and after executed
+about y^e 8. of Sept^r, 1642. A very sade spectakle it was; for first
+the mare, and then y^e cowe, and y^e rest of y^e lesser catle, were kild
+before his face, according to y^e law, Levit: 20. 15. and then he him
+selfe was executed. The catle were all cast into a great & large pitte
+that was digged of purposs for them, and no use made of any part of
+them.
+
+Upon y^e examenation of this person, and also of a former that had made
+some sodomiticall attempts upon another, it being demanded of them how
+they came first to y^e knowledge and practice of such wickednes, the one
+confessed he had long used it in old England; and this youth last
+spoaken of said he was taught it by an other that had heard of such
+things from some in England when he was ther, and they kept catle
+togeather. By which it appears how one wicked person may infecte many;
+and what care all ought to have what servants they bring into their
+families.
+
+But it may be demanded how came it to pass that so many wicked persons
+and profane people should so quickly come over into this land, & mixe
+them selves amongst them? seeing it was religious men y^t begane y^e
+work, and they came for religions sake. I confess this may be marveilled
+at, at least in time to come, when the reasons therof should not be
+knowne; and y^e more because here was so many hardships and wants mett
+withall. I shall therfore indeavor to give some answer hereunto. And
+first, according to y^t in y^e gospell, it is ever to be remembred that
+wher y^e Lord begins to sow good seed, ther y^e envious man will
+endeavore to sow tares. 2. Men being to come over into a wildernes, in
+which much labour & servise was to be done aboute building & planting,
+&c., such as wanted help in y^t respecte, when they could not have such
+as y^ey would, were glad to take such as they could; and so, many
+untoward servants, sundry of them proved, that were thus brought over,
+both men & women kind: who, when their times were expired, became
+families of them selves, which gave increase hereunto. 3. An other and a
+maine reason hearof was, that men, finding so many godly disposed
+persons willing to come into these parts, some begane to make a trade of
+it, to transeport passengers & their goods, and hired ships for that
+end; and then, to make up their fraight and advance their profite, cared
+not who y^e persons were, so they had money to pay them. And by this
+means the cuntrie became pestered with many unworthy persons, who, being
+come over, crept into one place or other. 4. Againe, the Lords blesing
+usually following his people, as well in outward as spirituall things,
+(though afflictions be mixed withall,) doe make many to adhear to y^e
+people of God, as many followed Christ, for y^e loaves sake, John 6. 26.
+and a mixed multitud came into y^e willdernes with y^e people of God out
+of Eagipte of old, Exod. 12. 38; so allso ther were sente by their
+freinds some under hope y^t they would be made better; others that they
+might be eased of such burthens, and they kept from shame at home y^t
+would necessarily follow their dissolute courses. And thus, by one means
+or other, in 20. years time, it is a question whether y^e greater part
+be not growne y^e worser.
+
+[250] I am now come to y^e conclusion of that long & tedious bussines
+betweene y^e partners hear, & them in England, the which I shall
+manifest by their owne letters as followeth, in such parts of them as
+are pertinente to y^e same.
+
+_M^r. Sherleys to M^r. Attwood._
+
+  M^r. Attwood, my approved loving friend: Your letter of y^e 18. of
+  October last I have received, wherin I find you have taken a great
+  deall of paines and care aboute y^t troublesome bussines betwixte our
+  Plimoth partners & freinds, & us hear, and have deeply ingaged your
+  selfe, for which complements & words are no reall satisfaction, &c.
+  For y^e agreemente you have made with M^r. Bradford, M^r. Winslow, &
+  y^e rest of y^e partners ther, considering how honestly and justly I
+  am perswaded they have brought in an accounte of y^e remaining stock,
+  for my owne parte I am well satisfied, and so I thinke is M^r.
+  Andrewes, and I supose will be M^r. Beachampe, if most of it might
+  acrew to him, to whom y^e least is due, &c. And now for peace sake,
+  and to conclud as we began, lovingly and freindly, and to pass by all
+  failings of all, the conclude is accepted of; I say this agreemente
+  y^t you have made is condesended unto, and M^r. Andrews hath sent his
+  release to M^r. Winthrop, with such directions as he conceives fitt;
+  and I have made bould to trouble you with mine, and we have both
+  sealed in y^e presence of M^r. Weld, and M^r. Peeters, and some
+  others, and I have also sente you an other, for the partners ther, to
+  seale to me; for you must not deliver mine to them, excepte they seale
+  & deliver one to me; this is fitt and equall, &c.
+
+  Yours to co[=m]and in what I may or can,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  June 14. 1642.
+
+_His to y^e partners as followeth._
+
+  Loving freinds,
+
+  M^r. Bradford, M^r. Winslow, M^r. Prence, Captaine Standish, M^r.
+  Brewster, M^r. Alden, & M^r. Howland, give me leave to joyne you all
+  in one letter, concerning y^e finall end & conclude of y^t tedious &
+  troublsome bussines, & I thinke I may truly say uncomfurtable &
+  unprofitable to all, &c. It hath pleased God now to put us upon a way
+  to sease all suits, and disquieting of our spirites, and to conclude
+  with peace and love, as we began. I am contented to yeeld & make good
+  what M^r. Attwood and you have agreed upon; and for y^t end have sente
+  to my loving friend, M^r. Attwood, an absolute and generall release
+  unto you all, and if ther wante any thing to make it more full, write
+  it your selves, & it shall be done, provided y^t all you, either
+  joyntly or severally, seale y^e like discharge to me. And for y^t end
+  I have drawne one joyntly, and sent it to M^r. Attwood, with y^t I
+  have sealed to you. Mr. Andrews hath sealed an aquitance also, & sent
+  it to M^r. Winthrop, whith such directions as he conceived fitt, and,
+  as I hear, hath given his debte, which he maks 544^li. unto y^e
+  gentlemen of y^e Bay. Indeed, M^r. Welld, M^r. Peters, & M^r. Hibbens
+  have taken a great deale of paines with M^r. Andrews, M^r. Beachamp, &
+  my selfe, to bring us to agree, and to y^t end we have had many
+  meetings and spent much time aboute it. But as they are very religious
+  & honest gentle-men, yet they had an end y^t they drove at & laboured
+  to accomplish (I meane not any private end, but for y^e generall good
+  of their patente). It had been very well you had sent one over. M^r.
+  Andrew wished you might have one 3. parte of y^e 1200^li. & the Bay 2.
+  thirds; but then we 3. must have agreed togeather, which were a hard
+  mater now. But M^r. Weld, M^r. Peters, & M^r. Hibbens, & I, have
+  agreed, they giving you bond (so to compose with M^r. Beachamp, as) to
+  procure his generall release, & free you from all trouble & charge y^t
+  he may put you too; which indeed is nothing, for I am perswaded M^r.
+  Weld will in time gaine him to give them all that is dew to [251] him,
+  which in some sorte is granted allready; for though his demands be
+  great, yet M^r. Andrewes hath taken some paines in it, and makes it
+  appear to be less then I thinke he will consente to give them for so
+  good an use; so you neede not fear, that for taking bond ther to save
+  you harmles, you be safe and well. Now our accord is, y^t you must pay
+  to y^e gentle-men of y^e Bay 900^li.; they are to bear all chargs y^t
+  may any way arise concerning y^e free & absolute clearing of you from
+  us three. And you to have y^e other 300^li. &c.
+
+  Upon y^e receiving of my release from you, I will send you your bonds
+  for y^e purchass money. I would have sent them now, but I would have
+  M^r. Beachamp release as well as I, because you are bound to him in
+  them. Now I know if a man be bound to 12. men, if one release, it is
+  as if all released, and my discharge doth cutt them of; wherfore
+  doubte you not but you shall have them, & your commission, or any
+  thing els that is fitt. Now you know ther is tow years of y^e purchass
+  money, that I would not owne, for I have formerley certified you y^t
+  would but pay 7. years; but now you are discharged of all, &c.
+
+  Your loving and kind friend in what I may or can,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  June 14. 1642.
+
+
+The coppy of his release is as followeth.
+
+  Wheras diverce questions, differences, & demands have arisen &
+  depended betweene William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence,
+  Mylest Standish, William Brewster, John Allden, and John Howland,
+  gent: now or latly inhabitants or resident at New-Plimoth, in
+  New-England, on y^e one party, and James Sherley of London, marchante,
+  and others, in th' other parte, for & concerning a stocke & partable
+  trade of beaver & other comodities, and fraighting of ships, as y^e
+  White Angell, Frindship, or others, and y^e goods of Isaack Allerton
+  which were seazed upon by vertue of a leter of atturney made by y^e
+  said James Sherley and John Beachamp and Richard Andrews, or any other
+  maters concerning y^e said trade, either hear in Old-England or ther
+  in New-England or elsewher, all which differences are since by
+  mediation of freinds composed, compremissed, and all y^e said parties
+  agreed. Now know all men by these presents, that I, the said James
+  Sherley, in performance of y^e said compremise & agreemente, have
+  remised, released, and quite claimed, & doe by these presents remise,
+  release, and for me, myne heires, executors, & Administrators, and for
+  every of us, for ever quite claime unto y^e said William Bradford,
+  Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles Standish, William Brewster, John
+  Allden, & John Howland, and every of them, their & every of their
+  heires, executors, and administrators, all and all maner of actions,
+  suits, debts, accounts, rekonings, comissions, bonds, bills,
+  specialties, judgments, executions, claimes, challinges, differences,
+  and demands whatsoever, with or against y^e said William Bradford,
+  Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles Standish, William Brewster, John
+  Allden, and John Howland, or any of them, ever I had, now have, or in
+  time to come can, shall, or may have, for any mater, cause, or thing
+  whatsoever from y^e begining of y^e world untill y^e day of y^e date
+  of these presents. In witnes wherof I have hereunto put my hand &
+  seale, given the second day of June, 1642, and in y^e eighteenth year
+  of y^e raigne of our soveraigne lord, king Charles, &c.
+
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Sealed and delivered in y^e presence of
+  THOMAS WELD,
+  HUGH PETERS,
+  WILLIAM HIBBINS.
+  ARTHUR TIRREY, Scr.
+  THO: STURGS, his servante.
+
+
+M^r. Andrews his discharg was to y^e same effecte; he was by
+agreem[=e]te to have 500^li. of y^e money, the which he gave to them in
+y^e Bay, who brought his discharge and demanded y^e money. And they
+tooke in his release and paid y^e money according to agreem[=e]te, viz.
+one third of the 500^li. they paid downe in hand, and y^e rest in 4.
+equall payments, to be paid yearly, for which they gave their bonds. And
+wheras 44^li. was more demanded, they conceived they could take it of
+with M^r. Andrews, and therfore it was not in the bonde. [252] But M^r.
+Beachamp would not parte with any of his, but demanded 400^li. of y^e
+partners here, & sent a release to a friend, to deliver it to them upon
+y^e receite of y^e money. But his relese was not perfecte, for he had
+left out some of y^e partners names, with some other defects; and
+besids, the other gave them to understand he had not near so much due.
+So no end was made with him till 4. years after; of which in it plase.
+And in y^t regard, that them selves did not agree, I shall inserte some
+part of M^r. Andrews letter, by which he conceives y^e partners here
+were wronged, as followeth. This leter of his was write to M^r. Edmond
+Freeman, brother in law to M^r. Beachamp.
+
+  M^r. Freeman,
+
+  My love remembred unto you, &c. I then certified y^e partners how I
+  found M^r. Beachamp & M^r. Sherley, in their perticuler demands, which
+  was according to mens principles, of getting what they could;
+  allthough y^e one will not shew any accounte, and y^e other a very
+  unfaire and unjust one; and both of them discouraged me from sending
+  y^e partners my accounte, M^r. Beachamp espetially. Their reason, I
+  have cause to conceive, was, y^t allthough I doe not, nor ever
+  intended to, wrong y^e partners or y^e bussines, yet, if I gave no
+  accounte, I might be esteemed as guiltie as they, in some degree at
+  least; and they might seeme to be y^e more free from taxation in not
+  delivering their accounts, who have both of them charged y^e accounte
+  with much intrest they have payed forth, and one of them would likwise
+  for much intrest he hath not paid forth, as appeareth by his accounte,
+  &c. And seeing y^e partners have now made it appear y^t ther is
+  1200^li. remaining due between us all, and that it may appear by my
+  accounte I have not charged y^e bussines with any intrest, but doe
+  forgive it unto y^e partners, above 200^li. if M^r. Sherley & M^r.
+  Beachamp, who have betweene them wronged y^e bussines so many 100^li.
+  both in principall & intrest likwise, and have therin wronged me as
+  well and as much as any of y^e partners; yet if they will not make &
+  deliver faire & true accounts of y^e same, nor be contente to take
+  what by computation is more then can be justly due to either, that is,
+  to M^r. Beachamp 150^li. as by M^r. Allertons accounte, and M^r.
+  Sherleys accounte, on oath in chancerie; and though ther might be
+  nothing due to M^r. Sherley, yet he requirs 100^li. &c. I conceive,
+  seing y^e partners have delivered on their oaths y^e su[=m]e remaining
+  in their hands, that they may justly detaine y^e 650^li. which may
+  remaine in their hands, after I am satisfied, untill M^r. Sherley &
+  M^r. Beachamp will be more fair & just in their ending, &c. And as I
+  intend, if y^e partners fayrly end with me, in satisfing in parte and
+  ingaging them selves for y^e rest of my said 544^li. to returne back
+  for y^e poore my parte of y^e land at Sityate, so likwise I intend to
+  relinquish my right & intrest in their dear patente, on which much of
+  our money was laid forth, and also my right & intrest in their cheap
+  purchass, the which may have cost me first & last 350^li.[EO] But I
+  doubte whether other men have not charged or taken on accounte what
+  they have disbursed in y^e like case, which I have not charged,
+  neither did I conceive any other durst so doe, untill I saw y^e
+  accounte of the one and heard y^e words of y^e other; the which gives
+  me just cause to suspecte both their accounts to be unfaire; for it
+  seemeth they consulted one with another aboute some perticulers
+  therin. Therfore I conceive y^e partners ought y^e rather to require
+  just accounts from each of them before they parte with any money to
+  either of them. For marchants understand how to give an acounte; if
+  they mean fairley, they will not deney to give an accounte, for they
+  keep memorialls to helpe them to give exacte acounts in all
+  perticulers, and memoriall cannot forget his charge, if y^e man will
+  remember. I desire not to wrong M^r. Beachamp or M^r. Sherley, nor may
+  be silente in such apparente probabilities of their wronging y^e
+  partners, and me likwise, either in deneying to deliver or shew any
+  accounte, or in delivering one very unjuste in some perticulers, and
+  very suspitious in many more; either of which, being from
+  understanding marchants, cannot be from weaknes or simplisitie, and
+  therfore y^e more unfaire. So comending you & yours, and all y^e
+  Lord's people, unto y^e gratious protection and blessing of y^e Lord,
+  and rest your loving friend,
+
+  RICHARD ANDREWES.
+
+  Aprill 7. 1643.
+
+
+This leter was write y^e year after y^e agreement, as doth appear; and
+what his judgmente was herein, y^e contents doth manifest, and so I
+leave it to y^e equall judgmente of any to consider, as they see cause.
+
+Only I shall adde what M^r. Sherley furder write in a leter of his,
+about y^e same time, and so leave this bussines. His is as followeth on
+y^e other side.[EP]
+
+  [253] Loving freinds, M^r. Bradford, M^r. Winslow, Cap: Standish, M^r.
+  Prence, and y^e rest of y^e partners w^th you; I shall write this
+  generall leter to you all, hoping it will be a good conclude of a
+  generall, but a costly & tedious bussines I thinke to all, I am sure
+  to me, &c.
+
+  I received from M^r. Winslow a letter of y^e 28. of Sept: last, and so
+  much as concernes y^e generall bussines I shall answer in this, not
+  knowing whether I shall have opportunitie to write perticuler letters,
+  &c. I expected more letters from you all, as some perticuler
+  writs,[EQ] but it seemeth no fitt opportunity was offered. And now,
+  though y^e bussines for y^e maine may stand, yet some perticulers is
+  alltered; I say my former agreemente with M^r. Weld & M^r. Peters,
+  before they[ER] could conclude or gett any grante of M^r. Andrews,
+  they sought to have my release; and ther upon they sealed me a bond
+  for a 110^li. So I sente my acquittance, for they said without mine
+  ther would be no end made (& ther was good reason for it). Now they
+  hoped, if y^ey ended with me, to gaine M^r. Andrews parte, as they did
+  holy, to a pound, (at which I should wonder, but y^t I observe some
+  passages,) and they also hoped to have gotten M^r. Beachamps part, & I
+  did thinke he would have given it them. But if he did well understand
+  him selfe, & that acounte, he would give it; for his demands make a
+  great sound.[ES] But it seemeth he would not parte with it, supposing
+  it too great a sume, and y^t he might easily gaine it from you. Once
+  he would have given them 40^li. but now they say he will not doe that,
+  or rather I suppose they will not take it; for if they doe, & have
+  M^r. Andrewses, then they must pay me their bond of 110^li. 3 months
+  hence. Now it will fall out farr better for you, y^t they deal not
+  with Mr. Beachamp, and also for me, if you be as kind to me as I have
+  been & will be to you; and y^t thus, if you pay M^r. Andrews, or y^e
+  Bay men, by his order, 544^li. which is his full demande; but if
+  looked into, perhaps might be less. The man is honest, & in my
+  conscience would not wittingly doe wronge, yett he may forgett as well
+  as other men; and M^r. Winslow may call to minde wherin he forgetts;
+  (but some times it is good to buy peace.) The gentlemen of y^e Bay may
+  abate 100^li. and so both sids have more right & justice then if they
+  exacte all, &c. Now if you send me a 150^li. then say M^r. Andrews
+  full sume, & this, it is nere 700^li. M^r. Beachamp he demands 400^li.
+  and we all know that, if a man demands money, he must shew wherfore,
+  and make proofe of his debte; which I know he can never make good
+  proafe of one hunderd pound dew unto him as principall money; so till
+  he can, you have good reason to keep y^e 500^li. &c. This I proteste I
+  write not in malice against M^r. Beachamp, for it is a reall truth.
+  You may partly see it by M^r. Andrews making up his accounte, and I
+  think you are all perswaded I can say more then M^r. Andrews
+  concerning that accounte. I wish I could make up my owne as plaine &
+  easily, but because of former discontents, I will be sparing till I be
+  called; & you may injoye y^e 500^li. quietly till he begine; for let
+  him take his course hear or ther, it shall be all one, I will doe him
+  no wronge; and if he have not on peney more, he is less loser then
+  either M^r. Andrews or I. This I conceive to be just & honest; y^e
+  having or not having of his release matters not; let him make such
+  proafe of his debte as you cannot disprove, and according to your
+  first agreemente you will pay it, &c.
+
+  Your truly affectioned friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  London, Aprill 27. 1643.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1643._
+
+I am to begine this year whith that which was a mater of great saddnes
+and mo[=u]ring unto them all. Aboute y^e 18. of Aprill dyed their Reve^d
+Elder, and my dear & loving friend, M^r. William Brewster; a man that
+had done and suffered much for y^e Lord Jesus and y^e gospells sake, and
+had bore his parte in well and woe with this poore persecuted church
+above 36. years [254] in England, Holand, and in this wildernes, and
+done y^e Lord & them faithfull service in his place & calling. And
+notwithstanding y^e many troubls and sorrows he passed throw, the Lord
+upheld him to a great age. He was nere fourskore years of age (if not
+all out) when he dyed. He had this blesing added by y^e Lord to all y^e
+rest, to dye in his bed, in peace, amongst y^e mids of his freinds, who
+mourned & wepte over him, and ministered what help & comforte they could
+unto him, and he againe recomforted them whilst he could. His sicknes
+was not long, and till y^e last day therof he did not wholy keepe his
+bed. His speech continued till somewhat more then halfe a day, & then
+failed him; and aboute 9. or 10. a clock that ev[=i]ng he dyed, without
+any pangs at all. A few howers before, he drew his breath shorte, and
+some few minuts before his last, he drew his breath long, as a man falen
+into a sound slepe, without any pangs or gaspings, and so sweetly
+departed this life unto a better.
+
+I would now demand of any, what he was y^e worse for any former
+sufferings? What doe I say, worse? Nay, sure he was y^e better, and they
+now added to his honour. _It is a manifest token_ (saith y^e Apostle, 2.
+Thes: 1. 5, 6, 7.) _of y^e righeous judgmente of God that you may be
+counted worthy of y^e kingdome of God, for which ye allso suffer; seing
+it is a righteous thing with God to recompence tribulation to them y^t
+trouble you: and to you who are troubled, rest with us, when y^e Lord
+Jesus shall be revealed from heaven, with his mighty angels._ 1. Pet. 4.
+14. _If you be reproached for y^e name of Christ, hapy are ye, for y^e
+spirite of glory and of God resteth upon you._ What though he wanted y^e
+riches and pleasurs of y^e world in this life, and pompous monuments at
+his funurall? yet y^e memoriall of y^e just shall be blessed, when y^e
+name of y^e wicked shall rott (with their marble monuments). Pro: 10. 7.
+
+I should say something of his life, if to say a litle were not worse
+then to be silent. But I cannot wholy forbear, though hapily more may be
+done hereafter. After he had attained some learning, viz. y^e knowledg
+of y^e Latine tongue, & some insight in y^e Greeke, and spent some small
+time at Cambridge, and then being first seasoned with y^e seeds of grace
+and vertue, he went to y^e Courte, and served that religious and godly
+gentlman, M^r. Davison, diverce years, when he was Secretary of State;
+who found him so discreete and faithfull as he trusted him above all
+other that were aboute him, and only imployed him in all matters of
+greatest trust and secrecie. He esteemed him rather as a sonne then a
+servante, and for his wisdom & godlines (in private) he would converse
+with him more like a freind & familier then a maister. He attended his
+m^r. when he was sente in ambassage by the Queene into y^e
+Low-Countries, in y^e Earle of Leicesters time, as for other waighty
+affaires of state, so to receive possession of the cautionary townes,
+and in token & signe therof the keyes of Flushing being delivered to
+him, in her ma^tis name, he kepte them some time, and co[=m]itted them
+to this his servante, who kept them under his pilow, on which he slepte
+y^e first night. And, at his returne, y^e States honoured him with a
+gould chaine, and his maister co[=m]itted it to him, and co[=m]anded him
+to wear it when they arrived in England, as they ridd thorrow the
+country, till they came to y^e Courte. He afterwards remained with him
+till his troubles, that he was put from his place aboute y^e death of
+y^e Queene of Scots; and some good time after, doeing him manie
+faithfull offices of servise in y^e time of his troubles. Afterwards he
+wente and lived in y^e country, in good esteeme amongst his freinds and
+y^e gentle-men of those parts, espetially the godly & religious. He did
+much good in y^e countrie wher he lived, in promoting and furthering
+religion, not only by his practiss & example, and provocking and
+incouraging of others, but by procuring of good preachers to y^e places
+theraboute, and, drawing on of others to assiste & help forward in such
+a worke; he him selfe most comonly deepest in y^e charge, & some times
+above his abillitie. And in this state he continued many years, doeing
+y^e best good he could, and walking according to y^e light he saw, till
+y^e Lord reveiled further unto him. And in y^e end, by y^e tirrany of
+y^e bishops against godly preachers & people, in silenceing the one &
+persecuting y^e other, he and many more of those times begane to looke
+further into things, and to see into y^e unlawfullnes of their callings,
+and y^e burthen of many anti-christian corruptions, which both he and
+they endeavored to cast of; as y^ey allso did, as in y^e begining of
+this treatis is to be seene. [255] After they were joyned togither in
+comunion, he was a spetiall stay & help unto them. They ordinarily mett
+at his house on y^e Lords day, (which was a manor of y^e bishops,) and
+with great love he entertained them when they came, making provission
+for them to his great charge. He was y^e cheefe of those that were taken
+at Boston, and suffered y^e greatest loss; and of y^e seven that were
+kept longst in prison, and after bound over to y^e assises. Affter he
+came into Holland he suffered much hardship, after he had spente y^e
+most of his means, haveing a great charge, and many children; and, in
+regard of his former breeding & course of life, not so fitt for many
+imployments as others were, espetially such as were toylesume &
+laborious. But yet he ever bore his condition with much cherfullnes and
+contentation. Towards y^e later parte of those 12. years spente in
+Holland, his outward condition was mended, and he lived well &
+plentifully; for he fell into a way (by reason he had y^e Latine tongue)
+to teach many students, who had a disire to lerne y^e English tongue, to
+teach them English; and by his method they quickly attained it with
+great facilitie; for he drew rules to lerne it by, after y^e Latine
+maner; and many gentlemen, both Danes & Germans, resorted to him, as
+they had time from other studies, some of them being great mens
+so[=n]es. He also had means to set up printing, (by y^e help of some
+freinds,) and so had imploymente inoughg, and by reason of many books
+which would not be alowed to be printed in England, they might have had
+more then they could doe. But now removeing into this countrie, all
+these things were laid aside againe, and a new course of living must be
+framed unto; in which he was no way unwilling to take his parte, and to
+bear his burthen with y^e rest, living many times without bread, or
+corne, many months together, having many times nothing but fish, and
+often wanting that also; and drunke nothing but water for many years
+togeather, yea, till within 5. or 6. years of his death. And yet he
+lived (by y^e blessing of God) in health till very old age. And besids
+y^t, he would labour with his hands in y^e feilds as long as he was
+able; yet when the church had no other minister, he taught twise every
+Saboth, and y^t both powerfully and profitably, to y^e great contentment
+of y^e hearers, and their comfortable edification; yea, many were
+brought to God by his ministrie. He did more in this behalfe in a year,
+then many that have their hundreds a year doe in all their lives. For
+his personall abilities, he was qualified above many; he was wise and
+discreete and well spoken, having a grave & deliberate utterance, of a
+very cherfull spirite, very sociable & pleasante amongst his freinds, of
+an humble and modest mind, of a peaceable disposition, under vallewing
+him self & his owne abilities, and some time over valewing others;
+inoffencive and i[=n]ocente in his life & conversation, w^ch gained him
+y^e love of those without, as well as those within; yet he would tell
+them plainely of their faults & evills, both publickly & privatly, but
+in such a maner as usually was well taken from him. He was tender
+harted, and compassionate of such as were in miserie, but espetialy of
+such as had been of good estate and ranke, and were fallen unto want &
+poverty, either for goodnes & religions sake, or by y^e injury &
+oppression of others; he would say, of all men these deserved to be
+pitied most. And none did more offend & displease him then such as would
+hautily and proudly carry & lift up themselves, being rise from nothing,
+and haveing litle els in them to comend them but a few fine cloaths, or
+a litle riches more then others. In teaching, he was very moving &
+stirring of affections, also very plaine & distincte in what he taught;
+by which means he became y^e more profitable to y^e hearers. He had a
+singuler good gift in prayer, both publick & private, in ripping up y^e
+hart & conscience before God, in the humble confession of sinne, and
+begging y^e mercies of God in Christ for y^e pardon of y^e same. He
+always thought it were better for ministers to pray oftener, and devide
+their prears, then be longe & tedious in the same (excepte upon sollemne
+& spetiall occations, as in days of humiliation & y^e like). His reason
+was, that y^e harte & spirits of all, espetialy y^e weake, could hardly
+continue & stand bente (as it were) so long towards God, as they ought
+to doe in y^t duty, without flagging and falling of. For y^e govermente
+of y^e church, (which was most [256] proper to his office,) he was
+carfull to preserve good order in y^e same, and to preserve puritie,
+both in y^e doctrine & comunion of y^e same; and to supress any errour
+or contention that might begine to rise up amongst them; and accordingly
+God gave good success to his indeavors herein all his days, and he saw
+y^e fruite of his labours in that behalfe. But I must breake of, having
+only thus touched a few, as it were, heads of things.
+
+I cannot but here take occasion, not only to mention, but greatly to
+admire y^e marvelous providence of God, that notwithstanding y^e many
+changes and hardships that these people wente throwgh, and y^e many
+enemies they had and difficulties they mette with all, that so many of
+them should live to very olde age! It was not only this reve^d mans
+condition, (for one swallow maks no summer, as they say,) but many more
+of them did y^e like, some dying aboute and before this time, and many
+still living, who attained to 60. years of age, and to 65. diverse to
+70. and above, and some nere 80. as he did. It must needs be more then
+ordinarie, and above naturall reason, that so it should be; for it is
+found in experience, that chaing of aeir, famine, or unholsome foode,
+much drinking of water, sorrows & troubls, &c., all of them are enimies
+to health, causes of many diseaces, consumers of naturall vigoure and
+y^e bodys of men, and shortners of life. And yet of all these things
+they had a large parte, and suffered deeply in y^e same. They wente from
+England to Holand, wher they found both worse air and dyet then that
+they came from; from thence (induring a long imprisonmente, as it were,
+in y^e ships at sea) into New-England; and how it hath been with them
+hear hath allready beene showne; and what crosses, troubls, fears,
+wants, and sorrowes they had been lyable unto, is easie to conjecture;
+so as in some sorte they may say with y^e Apostle, 2. Cor: 11. 26, 27.
+they were _in journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perills of
+robers, in perills of their owne nation, in perils among y^e heathen, in
+perills in y^e willdernes, in perills in y^e sea, in perills among
+false breethern; in wearines & painfullnes, in watching often, in hunger
+and thirst, in fasting often, in could and nakednes._ What was it then
+that upheld them? It was Gods vissitation that preserved their spirits.
+Job 10. 12. _Thou hast given me life and grace, and thy vissitation hath
+preserved my spirite._ He that upheld y^e Apostle upheld them. _They
+were persecuted, but not forsaken, cast downe, but perished not._ 2.
+Cor: 4. 9. _As unknowen, and yet knowen; as dying, and behold we live;
+as chastened, and yett not kiled._ 2. Cor: 6. 9. God, it seems, would
+have all men to behold and observe such mercies and works of his
+providence as these are towards his people, that they in like cases
+might be incouraged to depend upon God in their trials, & also blese his
+name when they see his goodnes towards others. Man lives not by bread
+only, Deut: 8. 3. It is not by good & dainty fare, by peace, & rest, and
+harts ease, in injoying y^e contentments and good things of this world
+only, that preserves health and prolongs life. God in such examples
+would have y^e world see & behold that he can doe it without them; and
+if y^e world will shut ther eyes, and take no notice therof, yet he
+would have his people to see and consider it. Daniell could be better
+liking with pulse then others were with y^e kings dainties. Jaacob,
+though he wente from one nation to another people, and passed thorow
+famine, fears, & many afflictions, yet he lived till old age, and dyed
+sweetly, & rested in y^e Lord, as infinite others of Gods servants have
+done, and still shall doe, (through Gods goodnes,) notwithstanding all
+y^e malice of their enemies; _when y^e branch of y^e wicked shall be cut
+of before his day_, Job. 15. 32. _and the bloody and deceitfull men
+shall not live out halfe their days_. Psa: 55. 23.
+
+By reason of y^e plottings of the Narigansets, (ever since y^e Pequents
+warr,) the Indeans were drawne into a generall conspiracie against y^e
+English in all parts, as was in part discovered y^e yeare before; and
+now made more plaine and evidente by many discoveries and
+free-conffessions of sundrie Indeans (upon severall occasions) from
+diverse places, concuring in one; with such other concuring
+circomstances as gave them suffissently to understand the trueth therof,
+and to thinke of means, how to prevente y^e same, and secure them
+selves. Which made them enter into this more nere union & confederation
+following.
+
+  [257] Articles of Confederation betweene y^e Plantations under y^e
+  Govermente of Massachusets, y^e Plantations under y^e Govermente of
+  New-Plimoth, y^e Plantations under y^e Govermente of Conightecute, and
+  y^e Govermente of New-Haven, with y^e Plantations in combination
+  therwith.
+
+  Wheras we all came into these parts of America with one and y^e same
+  end and aime, namly; to advance the kingdome of our Lord Jesus Christ,
+  & to injoye y^e liberties of y^e Gospell in puritie with peace; and
+  wheras in our setling (by a wise providence of God) we are further
+  disperced upon y^e sea coasts and rivers then was at first intended,
+  so y^t we cannot, according to our desires, with convenience
+  comunicate in one govermente & jurisdiction; and wheras we live
+  encompassed with people of severall nations and strang languages,
+  which hereafter may prove injurious to us and our posteritie; and for
+  as much as y^e natives have formerly committed sundrie insolencies and
+  outrages upon severall plantations of y^e English, and have of late
+  combined them selves against us; and seeing, by reason of those
+  distractions in England (which they have heard of) and by which they
+  know we are hindered from y^t humble way of seeking advice or reaping
+  those comfurtable fruits of protection which at other times we might
+  well expecte; we therfore doe conceive it our bounden duty, without
+  delay, to enter into a presente consociation amongst our selves, for
+  mutuall help & strength in all our future concernments. That as in
+  nation and religion, so in other respects, we be & continue one,
+  according to y^e tenor and true meaning of the insuing articles. (1)
+  Wherfore it is fully agreed and concluded by & betweene y^e parties or
+  jurisdictions above named, and they joyntly & severally doe by these
+  presents agree & conclude, that they all be and henceforth be called
+  by y^e name of The United Colonies of New-England.
+
+  2. The said United Collonies, for them selves & their posterities, doe
+  joyntly & severally hereby enter into a firme & perpetuall league of
+  frendship & amitie, for offence and defence, mutuall advice and
+  succore upon all just occasions, both for preserving & propagating y^e
+  truth of y^e Gospell, and for their owne mutuall saftie and wellfare.
+
+  3. It is further agreed that the plantations which at presente are or
+  hereafter shall be setled with[in] y^e limites of y^e Massachusets
+  shall be for ever under y^e Massachusets, and shall have peculier
+  jurisdiction amonge them selves in all cases, as an intire body. And
+  y^t Plimoth, Conightecutt, and New-Haven shall each of them have like
+  peculier jurisdition and govermente within their limites and in
+  refference to y^e plantations which allready are setled, or shall
+  hereafter be erected, or shall setle within their limites,
+  respectively; provided y^t no other jurisdition shall hereafter be
+  taken in, as a distincte head or member of this confederation, nor
+  shall any other plantation or jurisdiction in presente being, and not
+  allready in combination or under y^e jurisdiction of any of these
+  confederats, be received by any of them; nor shall any tow of y^e
+  confederats joyne in one jurisdiction, without consente of y^e rest,
+  which consete to be interpreted as is expresed in y^e sixte article
+  ensewing.
+
+  4. It is by these conffederats agreed, y^t the charge of all just
+  warrs, whether offencive or defencive, upon what parte or member of
+  this confederation soever they fall, shall, both in men, provissions,
+  and all other disbursments, be borne by all y^e parts of this
+  confederation, in differente proportions, according to their
+  differente abillities, in maner following: namely, y^t the
+  comissioners for each jurisdiction, from time to time, as ther shall
+  be occasion, bring a true accounte and number of all their males in
+  every plantation, or any way belonging too or under their severall
+  jurisdictions, of what qualitie or condition soever they be, from 16.
+  years old to 60, being inhabitants ther; and y^t according to y^e
+  differente numbers which from time to time shall be found in each
+  jurisdiction upon a true & just accounte, the service of men and all
+  charges of y^e warr be borne by y^e pole; each jurisdiction or
+  plantation being left to their owne just course & custome of rating
+  them selves and people according to their differente estates, with due
+  respects to their qualities and exemptions amongst them selves, though
+  the confederats take no notice of any such priviledg. And y^t
+  according to their differente charge of each jurisdiction &
+  plantation, the whole advantage of y^e warr, (if it please God to
+  blesse their indeaours,) whether it be in lands, goods, or persons,
+  shall be proportionably devided amonge y^e said confederats.
+
+  5. It is further agreed, that if these jurisdictions, or any
+  plantation under or in combynacion with them, be invaded by any enemie
+  whomsoever, upon notice & requeste of any 3. [258] magistrats of y^t
+  jurisdiction so invaded, y^e rest of y^e confederats, without any
+  further meeting or expostulation, shall forthwith send ayde to y^e
+  confederate in danger, but in differente proportion; namely, y^e
+  Massachusets an hundred men sufficently armed & provided for such a
+  service and journey, and each of y^e rest forty five so armed &
+  provided, or any lesser number, if less be required according to this
+  proportion. But if such confederate in danger may be supplyed by their
+  nexte confederates, not exeeding y^e number hereby agreed, they may
+  crave help ther, and seeke no further for y^e presente; y^e charge to
+  be borne as in this article is exprest, and at y^e returne to be
+  victuled & suplyed with powder & shote for their jurney (if ther be
+  need) by y^t jurisdiction which imployed or sent for them. But none of
+  y^e jurisdictions to exceede these numbers till, by a meeting of y^e
+  co[=m]issioners for this confederation, a greater aide appear
+  nessessarie. And this proportion to continue till upon knowlege of
+  greater numbers in each jurisdiction, which shall be brought to y^e
+  nexte meeting, some other proportion be ordered. But in such case of
+  sending men for presente aide, whether before or after such order or
+  alteration, it is agreed y^t at y^e meeting of y^e comissioners for
+  this confederation, the cause of such warr or invasion be duly
+  considered; and if it appeare y^t the falte lay in y^e parties so
+  invaded, y^t then that jurisdiction or plantation make just
+  satisfaction both to y^e invaders whom they have injured, and beare
+  all y^e charges of y^e warr them selves, without requiring any
+  allowance from y^e rest of y^e confederats towards y^e same. And
+  further, y^t if any jurisdiction see any danger of any invasion
+  approaching, and ther be time for a meeting, that in such a case 3.
+  magistrats of y^t jurisdiction may su[=m]one a meeting, at such
+  conveniente place as them selves shall thinke meete, to consider &
+  provid against y^e threatened danger, provided when they are mett,
+  they may remove to what place they please; only, whilst any of these
+  foure confederats have but 3 magistrats in their jurisdiction, their
+  requeste, or summons, from any 2. of them shall be accounted of equall
+  force with y^e 3. mentioned in both the clauses of this article, till
+  ther be an increase of majestrats ther.
+
+  6. It is also agreed y^t, for y^e managing & concluding of all affairs
+  propper, & concerning the whole confederation, tow comissioners shall
+  be chosen by & out of each of these 4. jurisdictions; namly, 2. for
+  y^e Massachusets, 2. for Plimoth, 2. for Conightecutt, and 2. for
+  New-Haven, being all in church fellowship with us, which shall bring
+  full power from their severall Generall Courts respectively to hear,
+  examene, waigh, and detirmine all affairs of warr, or peace, leagues,
+  aids, charges, and numbers of men for warr, divissions of spoyles, &
+  whatsoever is gotten by conquest; receiving of more confederats, or
+  plantations into combination with any of y^e confederates, and all
+  things of like nature, which are y^e proper concomitants or
+  consequences of such a confederation, for amitie, offence, & defence;
+  not inter-medling with y^e govermente of any of y^e jurisdictions,
+  which by y^e 3. article is preserved entirely to them selves. But if
+  these 8. comissioners when they meete shall not all agree, yet it
+  concluded that any 6. of the 8. agreeing shall have power to setle &
+  determine y^e bussines in question. But if 6. doe not agree, that then
+  such propositions, with their reasons, so farr as they have been
+  debated, be sente, and referred to y^e 4. Generall Courts, viz. y^e
+  Massachusets, Plimoth, Conightecutt, and New-haven; and if at all y^e
+  said Generall Courts y^e bussines so referred be concluded, then to
+  be prosecuted by y^e confederats, and all their members. It was
+  further agreed that these 8. comissioners shall meete once every year,
+  besids extraordinarie meetings, (according to the fifte article,) to
+  consider, treate, & conclude of all affaires belonging to this
+  confederation, which meeting shall ever be the first Thursday in
+  September. And y^t the next meeting after the date of these presents,
+  which shall be accounted y^e second meeting, shall be at Boston in y^e
+  Massachusets, the 3. at Hartford, the 4. at New-Haven, the 5. at
+  Plimoth, and so in course successively, if in y^e meane time some
+  midle place be not found out and agreed on, which may be comodious for
+  all y^e jurisdictions.
+
+  7. It is further agreed, y^t at each meeting of these 8. comissioners,
+  whether ordinarie, or extraordinary, they all 6. of them agreeing as
+  before, may chuse a presidente out of them selves, whose office & work
+  shall be to take care and directe for order, and a comly carrying on
+  of all proceedings in y^e present meeting; but he shall be invested
+  with no such power or respecte, as by which he shall hinder y^e
+  propounding or progrese of any bussines, or any way cast y^e scailes
+  otherwise then in y^e precedente article is agreed.
+
+  [259] 8. It is also agreed, y^t the comissioners for this
+  confederation hereafter at their meetings, whether ordinary or
+  extraordinarie, as they may have comission or opportunitie, doe
+  indeaover to frame and establish agreements & orders in generall cases
+  of a civill nature, wherin all y^e plantations are interessed, for y^e
+  preserving of peace amongst them selves, and preventing as much as may
+  be all occasions of warr or difference with others; as aboute y^e free
+  & speedy passage of justice, in every jurisdiction, to all y^e
+  confederats equally as to their owne; not receiving those y^t remove
+  from one plantation to another without due certificate; how all y^e
+  jurisdictions may carry towards y^e Indeans, that they neither growe
+  insolente, nor be injured without due satisfaction, least warr breake
+  in upon the confederats through such miscarriages. It is also agreed,
+  y^t if any servante rune away from his maister into another of these
+  confederated jurisdictions, that in such case, upon y^e certificate of
+  one magistrate in the jurisdiction out of which y^e said servante
+  fledd, or upon other due proofe, the said servante shall be delivered,
+  either to his maister, or any other y^t pursues & brings such
+  certificate or proofe. And y^t upon y^e escape of any prisoner
+  whatsoever, or fugitive for any criminall cause, whether breaking
+  prison, or getting from y^e officer, or otherwise escaping, upon the
+  certificate of 2. magistrats of y^e jurisdiction out of which y^e
+  escape is made, that he was a prisoner, or such an offender at y^e
+  time of y^e escape, they magistrats, or sume of them of the
+  jurisdiction wher for y^e presente the said prisoner or fugitive
+  abideth, shall forthwith grante such a warrante as y^e case will
+  beare, for y^e apprehending of any such person, & the delivering of
+  him into y^e hands of y^e officer, or other person who pursues him.
+  And if ther be help required, for y^e safe returning of any such
+  offender, then it shall be granted to him y^t craves y^e same, he
+  paying the charges therof.
+
+  9. And for y^t the justest warrs may be of dangerous consequence,
+  espetially to y^e smaler plantations in these United Collonies, it is
+  agreed y^t neither y^e Massachusets, Plimoth, Conightecutt, nor
+  New-Haven, nor any member of any of them, shall at any time hear after
+  begine, undertake, or ingage them selves, or this confederation, or
+  any parte therof, in any warr whatsoever, (sudden[ET] exegents, with
+  y^e necessary consequents therof excepted, which are also to be
+  moderated as much as y^e case will permitte,) without y^e consente
+  and agreemente of y^e forementioned 8. comissioners, or at the least
+  6. of them, as in y^e sixt article is provided. And y^t no charge be
+  required of any of they confederats, in case of a defensive warr, till
+  y^e said comissioners have mett, and approved y^e justice of y^e warr,
+  and have agreed upon y^e su[=m]e of money to be levied, which sume is
+  then to be paid by the severall confederats in proportion according to
+  y^e fourth article.
+
+  10. That in extraordinary occasions, when meetings are summoned by
+  three magistrates of any jurisdiction, or 2. as in y^e 5. article, if
+  any of y^e comissioners come not, due warning being given or sente, it
+  is agreed y^t 4. of the comissioners shall have power to directe a
+  warr which cannot be delayed, and to send for due proportions of men
+  out of each jurisdiction, as well as 6. might doe if all mett; but not
+  less then 6. shall determine the justice of y^e warr, or alow y^e
+  demands or bills of charges, or cause any levies to be made for y^e
+  same.
+
+  11. It is further agreed, y^t if any of y^e confederats shall
+  hereafter breake any of these presente articles, or be any other ways
+  injurious to any one of y^e other jurisdictions, such breach of
+  agreemente or injurie shall be duly considered and ordered by y^e
+  comissioners for y^e other jurisdiction; that both peace and this
+  presente confederation may be intirly preserved without violation.
+
+  12. Lastly, this perpetuall confederation, and y^e severall articles
+  therof being read, and seriously considered, both by y^e Generall
+  Courte for y^e Massachusets, and by y^e comissioners for Plimoth,
+  Conigtecute, & New-Haven, were fully alowed & confirmed by 3. of y^e
+  forenamed confederats, namly, y^e Massachusets, Conightecutt, and
+  New-Haven; only y^e comissioners for Plimoth haveing no co[=m]ission
+  to conclude, desired respite till they might advise with their
+  Generall Courte; wher upon it was agreed and concluded by y^e said
+  Courte of y^e Massachusets, and the comissioners for y^e other tow
+  confederats, that, if Plimoth consente, then the whole treaty as it
+  stands in these present articls is, and shall continue, firme & stable
+  without alteration. But if Plimoth come not in, yet y^e other three
+  confederats doe by these presents [260] confeirme y^e whole
+  confederation, and the articles therof; only in September nexte, when
+  y^e second meeting of y^e co[=m]issioners is to be at Boston, new
+  consideration may be taken of y^e 6. article, which concerns number of
+  comissioners for meeting & concluding the affaires of this
+  confederation, to y^e satisfaction of y^e Courte of y^e Massachusets,
+  and y^e comissioners for y^e other 2. confederats, but y^e rest to
+  stand unquestioned. In y^e testimonie wherof, y^e Generall Courte of
+  y^e Massachusets, by ther Secretary, and y^e comissioners for
+  Conightecutt and New-Haven, have subscribed these presente articles
+  this 19. of y^e third month, comonly called May, Anno Dom: 1643.
+
+  At a meeting of y^e comissioners for y^e confederation held at Boston
+  y^e 7. of Sept: it appearing that the Generall Courte of New-Plimoth,
+  and y^e severall towneshipes therof, have read & considered & approved
+  these articles of confederation, as appeareth by co[=m]ission from
+  their Generall Courte bearing date y^e 29. of August, 1643. to M^r.
+  Edward Winslow and M^r. William Collier, to ratifie and confirme y^e
+  same on their behalfes. We, therfore, y^e Comissioners for y^e
+  Massachusets, Conightecutt, & New Haven, doe also, for our severall
+  goverments, subscribe unto them.
+
+  JOHN WINTHROP, Gov^r. of y^e Massachusest.
+  THO: DUDLEY.
+  GEO: FENWICK.
+  THOMAS GREGSON.
+  THEOPH: EATON.
+  EDWA: HOPKINS.
+  THOMAS GREGSON.
+
+These were y^e articles of agreemente in y^e union and confederation
+which they now first entered into; and in this their first meeting,
+held at Boston y^e day & year abovesaid, amongst other things they had
+this matter of great consequence to considere on: the Narigansets, after
+y^e subduing of y^e Pequents, thought to have ruled over all y^e Indeans
+aboute them; but y^e English, espetially those of Conightecutt holding
+correspondencie & frenship with Uncass, sachem of y^e Monhigg Indeans
+which lived nere them, (as y^e Massachusets had done with y^e
+Narigansets,) and he had been faithful to them in y^e Pequente warr,
+they were ingaged to supporte him in his just liberties, and were
+contented y^t such of y^e surviving Pequents as had submited to him
+should remaine with him and quietly under his protection. This did much
+increase his power and augmente his greatnes, which y^e Narigansets
+could not indure to see. But Myantinomo, their cheefe sachem, (an
+ambitious & politick man,) sought privatly and by trearchery (according
+to y^e Indean maner) to make him away, by hiring some to kill him.
+Sometime they assayed to poyson him; that not takeing, then in y^e night
+time to knock him on y^e head in his house, or secretly to shoot him,
+and such like attempts. But none of these taking effecte, he made open
+warr upon him (though it was against y^e covenants both betweene y^e
+English & them, as also betweene them selves, and a plaine breach of y^e
+same). He came suddanly upon him with 900. or 1000. men (never
+denouncing any warr before). Y^e others power at y^t presente was not
+above halfe so many; but it pleased God to give Uncass y^e victory, and
+he slew many of his men, and wounded many more; but y^e cheefe of all
+was, he tooke Miantinomo prisoner. And seeing he was a greate man, and
+y^e Narigansets a potente people & would seeke revenge, he would doe
+nothing in y^e case without y^e advise of y^e English; so he (by y^e
+help & direction of those of Conightecutt) kept him prisoner till this
+meeting of y^e comissioners. The comissioners weighed y^e cause and
+passages, as they were clearly represented & sufficently evidenced
+betwixte Uncass and Myantinomo; and the things being duly considered,
+the comissioners apparently saw y^t Uncass could not be safe whilst
+Miantynomo lived, but, either by secrete trechery or open force, his
+life would still be in danger. Wherfore they thought he might justly put
+such a false & bloud-thirstie enimie to death; but in his owne
+jurisdiction, not in y^e English plantations. And they advised, in y^e
+maner of his death all mercy and moderation should be showed, contrary
+to y^e practise of y^e Indeans, who exercise torturs and cruelty. And,
+[261] Uncass having hitherto shewed him selfe a freind to y^e English,
+and in this craving their advise, if the Narigansett Indeans or others
+shall unjustly assaulte Uncass for this execution, upon notice and
+request, y^e English promise to assiste and protecte him as farr as they
+may aga[=i]ste such violence.
+
+This was y^e issue of this bussines. The reasons and passages hereof are
+more at large to be seene in y^e acts & records of this meeting of y^e
+comissioners. And Uncass follewd this advise, and accordingly executed
+him, in a very faire maner, acording as they advised, with due respecte
+to his honour & greatnes. But what followed on y^e Narigansets parte
+will appear hear after.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1644._
+
+M^R. EDWARD WINSLOW was chosen Gov^r this year.
+
+Many having left this place (as is before noted) by reason of the
+straightnes & barrennes of y^e same, and their finding of better
+accommodations elsewher, more sutable to their ends & minds; and sundrie
+others still upon every occasion desiring their dismissions, the church
+begane seriously to thinke whether it were not better joyntly to remove
+to some other place, then to be thus weakened, and as it were insensibly
+dissolved. Many meetings and much consultation was held hearaboute, and
+diverse were mens minds and opinions. Some were still for staying
+togeather in this place, aledging men might hear live, if they would be
+contente with their condition; and y^t it was not for wante or
+necessitie so much y^t they removed, as for y^e enriching of them
+selves. Others were resolute upon removall, and so signified y^t hear
+y^ey could not stay; but if y^e church did not remove, they must;
+insomuch as many were swayed, rather then ther should be a dissolution,
+to condescend to a removall, if a fitt place could be found, that might
+more conveniently and comfortablie receive y^e whole, with such
+accession of others as might come to them, for their better strength &
+subsistence; and some such like cautions and limitations. So as, with
+y^e afforesaide provissos, y^e greater parte consented to a removall to
+a place called Nawsett, which had been superficially veiwed and y^e good
+will of y^e purchassers (to whom it belonged) obtained, with some
+addition thertoo from y^e Courte. But now they begane to see their
+errour, that they had given away already the best & most co[=m]odious
+places to others, and now wanted them selves; for this place was about
+50. myles from hence, and at an outside of y^e countrie, remote from all
+society; also, that it would prove so straite, as it would not be
+competente to receive y^e whole body, much less be capable of any
+addition or increase; so as (at least in a shorte time) they should be
+worse ther then they are now hear. The which, with sundery other like
+considerations and inconveniences, made them chaing their resolutions;
+but such as were before resolved upon removall tooke advantage of this
+agreemente, & wente on notwithstanding, neither could y^e rest hinder
+them, they haveing made some begi[=n]ing. And thus was this poore church
+left, like an anciente mother, growne olde, and forsaken of her
+children, (though not in their affections,) yett in regarde of their
+bodily presence and personall helpfullness. Her anciente members being
+most of them worne away by death; and these of later time being like
+children translated into other families, and she like a widow left only
+to trust in God. Thus she that had made many rich became her selfe
+poore.
+
+[262] _Some things handled, and pacified by y^e co[=m]issioner this
+year._
+
+  Wheras, by a wise providence of God, tow of y^e jurisdictions in y^e
+  westerne parts, viz. Conightecutt & New-haven, have beene latly
+  exercised by sundrie insolencies & outrages from y^e Indeans; as,
+  first, an Englishman, runing from his m^r out of y^e Massachusets, was
+  murdered in y^e woods, in or nere y^e limites of Conightecute
+  jurisdiction; and aboute 6. weeks after, upon discovery by an Indean,
+  y^e Indean sagamore in these parts promised to deliver the murderer to
+  y^e English, bound; and having accordingly brought him within y^e
+  sight of Uncaway, by their joynte consente, as it is informed, he was
+  ther unbound, and left to shifte for him selfe; wherupon 10.
+  Englishmen forthwith coming to y^e place, being sente by M^r. Ludlow,
+  at y^e Indeans desire, to receive y^e murderer, who seeing him
+  escaped, layed hold of 8. of y^e Indeans ther presente, amongst whom
+  ther was a sagamore or 2. and kept them in hold 2. days, till 4.
+  sagamors ingaged themselves within one month to deliver y^e prisoner.
+  And about a weeke after this agreemente, an Indean came presumtuously
+  and with guile, in y^e day time, and murtherously assalted an English
+  woman in her house at Stamford, and by 3. wounds, supposed mortall,
+  left her for dead, after he had robbed y^e house. By which passages
+  y^e English were provoked, & called to a due consideration of their
+  owne saftie; and y^e Indeans generally in those parts arose in an
+  hostile maner, refused to come to y^e English to carry on treaties of
+  peace, departed from their wigwames, left their corne unweeded, and
+  shewed them selves tumultuously about some of y^e English
+  plantations, & shott of peeces within hearing of y^e towne; and some
+  Indeans came to y^e English & tould them y^e Indeans would fall upon
+  them. So y^t most of y^e English thought it unsafe to travell in those
+  parts by land, and some of y^e plantations were put upon strong watchs
+  and ward, night & day, & could not attend their private occasions, and
+  yet distrusted their owne strength for their defence. Wherupon
+  Hartford & New-Haven were sent unto for aide, and saw cause both to
+  send into y^e weaker parts of their owne jurisdiction thus in danger,
+  and New-Haven, for conveniencie of situation, sente aide to Uncaway,
+  though belonging to Conightecutt. Of all which passages they presently
+  acquainted y^e comissioners in y^e Bay, & had y^e allowance &
+  approbation from y^e Generall Courte ther, with directions neither to
+  hasten warr nor to bear such insolencies too longe. Which courses,
+  though chargable to them selves, yet through Gods blessing they hope
+  fruite is, & will be, sweete and wholsome to all y^e collonies; the
+  murderers are since delivered to justice, the publick peace preserved
+  for y^e presente, & probabillitie it may be better secured for y^e
+  future.
+
+Thus this mischeefe was prevented, and y^e fear of a warr hereby
+diverted. But now an other broyle was begune by y^e Narigansets; though
+they unjustly had made warr upon Uncass, (as is before declared,) and
+had, y^e winter before this, ernestly presed y^e Gove^r of y^e
+Massachusets that they might still make warr upon them to revenge the
+death of their sagamore, w^ch, being taken prisoner, was by them put to
+death, (as before was noted,) pretending that they had first received
+and accepted his ransome, and then put him to death. But y^e Gove^r
+refused their presents, and tould them y^t it was them selves had done
+y^e wronge, & broaken y^e conditions of peace; and he nor y^e English
+neither could nor would allow them to make any further warr upon him,
+but if they did, must assiste him, & oppose them; but if it did appeare,
+upon good proofe, that he had received a ransome for his life, before he
+put him to death, when y^e comissioners mett, they should have a fair
+hearing, and they would cause Uncass to returne y^e same. But
+notwithstanding, at y^e spring of y^e year they gathered a great power,
+and fell upon Uncass, and slue sundrie of his men, and wounded more, and
+also had some loss them selves. Uncass cald for aide from y^e English;
+they tould him what y^e Narigansets objected, he deney the same; they
+tould him it must come to triall, and if he was inocente, if y^e
+Narigansets would not desiste, they would aide & assiste him. So at this
+meeting they [263] sent both to Uncass & y^e Narrigansets, and required
+their sagamors to come or send to y^e comissioners now mete at Hartford,
+and they should have a faire & inpartiall hearing in all their
+greevances, and would endeavor y^t all wrongs should be rectified wher
+they should be found; and they promised that they should safly come and
+returne without any danger or molestation; and sundry y^e like things,
+as appears more at large in y^e messengers instructions. Upon w^ch the
+Narigansets sent one sagamore and some other deputies, with full power
+to doe in y^e case as should be meete. Uncass came in person,
+accompanyed with some cheefe aboute him. After the agitation of y^e
+bussines, y^e issue was this. The comissioners declared to the
+Narigansett deputies as followeth.
+
+  1. That they did not find any proofe of any ransome agreed on.
+
+  2. It appeared not y^t any wampam had been paied as a ransome, or any
+  parte of a ransome, for Myantinomos life.
+
+  3. That if they had in any measure proved their charge against Uncass,
+  the comissioners would have required him to have made answerable
+  satisfaction.
+
+  4. That if hereafter they can make satisfing profe, y^e English will
+  consider y^e same, & proceed accordingly.
+
+  5. The comissioners did require y^t neither them selves nor y^e
+  Nyanticks make any warr or injurious assaulte upon Unquass or any of
+  his company untill they make profe of y^e ransume charged, and y^t due
+  satisfaction be deneyed, unless he first assaulte them.
+
+  6. That if they assaulte Uncass, the English are engaged to assist
+  him.
+
+  Hearupon y^e Narigansette sachim, advising with y^e other deputies,
+  ingaged him selfe in the behalfe of y^e Narigansets & Nyanticks that
+  no hostile acts should be comitted upon Uncass, or any of his, untill
+  after y^e next planting of corne; and y^t after that, before they
+  begine any warr, they will give 30. days warning to y^e Gove^r of the
+  Massachusets or Conightecutt. The comissioners approving of this
+  offer, and taking their ingagmente under their hands, required Uncass,
+  as he expected y^e continuance of y^e favour of the English, to
+  observe the same termes of peace with y^e Narigansets and theirs.
+
+  These foregoing conclusions were subscribed by y^e comissioners, for
+  y^e severall jurisdictions, y^e 19. of Sept: 1644.
+
+  EDWA: HOPKINS, Presidente.
+  SIMON BRADSTREETE.
+  WILL^M. HATHORNE.
+  EDW: WINSLOW.
+  JOHN BROWNE.
+  GEOR: FENWICK.
+  THEOPH: EATON.
+  THO: GREGSON.
+
+  The forenamed Narigansets deputies did further promise, that if,
+  contrary to this agreemente, any of y^e Nyantick Pequents should make
+  any assaulte upon Uncass, or any of his, they would deliver them up to
+  y^e English, to be punished according to their demerits; and that they
+  would not use any means to procure the Mowacks to come against Uncass
+  during this truce.
+
+  These were their names subscribed with their marks.
+
+  WEETOWISH.
+  PAMPIAMETT.
+  CHINÑOUGH.
+  PUMMUNISH.
+
+[264] _Anno Dom: 1645._
+
+The comissioners this year were caled to meete to-gither at Boston,
+before their ordinarie time; partly in regard of some differances falen
+betweene y^e French and y^e govermente of the Massachusets, about their
+aiding of Munseire Latore against Munsseire de Aulney, and partly aboute
+y^e Indeans, who had broaken y^e former agreements aboute the peace
+concluded y^e last year. This meeting was held at Boston, y^e 28. of
+July.
+
+Besids some underhand assualts made on both sids, the Narigansets
+gathered a great power, and fell upon Uncass, and slew many of his men,
+and wounded more, by reason y^t they farr exseeded him in number, and
+had gott store of peeces, with which they did him most hurte. And as
+they did this withoute y^e knowledg and consente of y^e English,
+(contrary to former agreemente,) so they were resolved to prosecute y^e
+same, notwithstanding any thing y^e English said or should doe against
+them. So, being incouraged by ther late victorie, and promise of
+assistance from y^e Mowaks, (being a strong, warlike, and desperate
+people,) they had allready devoured Uncass & his, in their hops; and
+surly they had done it in deed, if the English had not timly sett in for
+his aide. For those of Conightecute sent him 40. men, who were a garison
+to him, till y^e comissioners could meete and take further order.
+
+Being thus mett, they forthwith sente 3. messengers, viz. Sargent John
+Davis, Benedicte Arnold, and Francis Smith, with full & ample
+instructions, both to y^e Narigansets and Uncass; to require them y^t
+they should either come in person or send sufficiente men fully
+instructed to deale in y^e bussines; and if they refused or delayed, to
+let them know (according to former agreements) y^t the English are
+engaged to assiste against these hostile invasions, and y^t they have
+sente their men to defend Uncass, and to know of y^e Narigansets whether
+they will stand to y^e former peace, or they will assaulte y^e English
+also, that they may provid accordingly.
+
+But y^e messengers returned, not only with a sleighting, but a
+threatening answer from the Narigansets (as will more appear hereafter).
+Also they brought a letter from M^r. Roger Williams, wherin he assures
+them that y^e warr would presenly breake forth, & y^e whole country
+would be all of a flame. And y^t the sachems of y^e Narigansets had
+concluded a newtrality with y^e English of Providence and those of
+Aquidnett Iland. Wherupon y^e comissioners, considering y^e great danger
+& provocations offered, and y^e necessitie we should be put unto of
+making warr with y^e Narigansetts, and being also carfull, in a matter
+of so great waight & generall concernmente, to see y^e way cleared, and
+to give satisfaction to all y^e colonies, did thinke fitte to advise
+with such of y^e magistrats & elders of y^e Massachusets as were then at
+hand, and also with some of y^e cheefe millitary comanders ther; who
+being assembled, it was then agreed,--
+
+First, y^t our ingagmente bound us to aide & defend Uncass. 2. That this
+ayde could not be intended only to defend him & his forte, or
+habitation, but (according to y^e comone acceptation of such covenants,
+or ingagments, considered with y^e grounds or occasion therof) so to
+ayde him as he might be preserved in his liberty and estate. 3^ly. That
+this ayde [265] must be speedy, least he might be swalowed up in y^e
+mean time, and so come to late. 4^ly. The justice of this warr being
+cleared to our selves and y^e rest then presente, it was thought meete
+y^t the case should be stated, and y^e reasons & grounds of y^e warr
+declared and published. 5^ly. That a day of humilliation should be
+apoynted, which was y^e 5. day of y^e weeke following. 6^ly. It was then
+allso agreed by y^e comissioners that y^e whole number of men to be
+raised in all y^e colonies should be 300. Wherof from y^e Massachusets a
+190. Plimoth, 40. Conightecute, 40. New-Haven, 30. And considering y^t
+Uncass was in present danger, 40. men of this number were forthwith
+sente from y^e Massachusets for his sucoure; and it was but neede, for
+y^e other 40. from Conightecutt had order to stay but a month, & their
+time being out, they returned; and y^e Narigansets, hearing therof,
+tooke the advantage, and came suddanly upon him, and gave him another
+blow, to his further loss, and were ready to doe y^e like againe; but
+these 40. men being arrived, they returned, and did nothing.
+
+The declaration which they sett forth I shall not transcribe, it being
+very larg, and put forth in printe, to which I referr those y^t would
+see y^e same, in which all passages are layed open from y^e first. I
+shall only note their prowd carriage, and answers to y^e 3. messengers
+sent from y^e comissioners. They received them with scorne & contempte,
+and tould them they resolved to have no peace without Uncass his head;
+also they gave them this further answer: that it mattered not who
+begane y^e warr, they were resolved to follow it, and that y^e English
+should withdraw their garison from Uncass, or they would procure y^e
+Mowakes against them; and withall gave them this threatening answer:
+that they would lay y^e English catle on heaps, as high as their houses,
+and y^t no English-man should sturr out of his dore to pisse, but he
+should be kild. And wheras they required guids to pass throw their
+countrie, to deliver their message to Uncass from y^e comissioners, they
+deneyed them, but at length (in way of scorne) offered them an old
+Pequente woman. Besids allso they conceived them selves in danger, for
+whilst y^e interpretour was speakeing with them about y^e answer he
+should returne, 3. men came & stood behind him with ther hatchets,
+according to their murderous maner; but one of his fellows gave him
+notice of it, so they broak of & came away; with sundry such like
+affrontes, which made those Indeans they carryed with them to rune away
+for fear, and leave them to goe home as they could.
+
+Thus whilst y^e comissioners in care of y^e publick peace sought to
+quench y^e fire kindled amongst y^e Indeans, these children of strife
+breath out threatenings, provocations, and warr against y^e English them
+selves. So that, unless they should dishonour & provoak God, by
+violating a just ingagmente, and expose y^e colonies to contempte &
+danger from y^e barbarians, they cannot but exerciese force, when no
+other means will prevaile to reduse y^e Narigansets & their confederats
+to a more just & sober temper.
+
+So as here upon they went on to hasten y^e preparations, according to
+y^e former agreemente, and sent to Plimoth to send forth their 40. men
+with all speed, to lye at Seacunke, least any deanger should befalle it,
+before y^e rest were ready, it lying next y^e enemie, and ther to stay
+till y^e Massachusetts should joyne with them. Allso Conigtecute &
+Newhaven forces were to joyne togeather, and march with all speed, and
+y^e Indean confederats of those parts with them. All which was done
+accordingly; and the souldiers of this place were at Seacunk, the place
+of their rendevouze, 8. or 10. days before y^e rest were ready; they
+were well armed all with snaphance peeces, and wente under y^e camand of
+Captain [266] Standish. Those from other places were led likwise by able
+comanders,[EU] as Captaine Mason for Conigtecute, &c.; and Majore Gibons
+was made generall over y^e whole, with such comissions & instructions as
+was meete.
+
+Upon y^e suden dispatch of these souldiears, (the present necessitie
+requiring it,) the deputies of y^e Massachusetts Courte (being now
+assembled i[=m]ediatly after y^e setting forth of their 40. men) made a
+question whether it was legally done, without their comission. It was
+answered, that howsoever it did properly belong to y^e authority of y^e
+severall jurisdictions (after y^e warr was agreed upon by y^e
+comissioners, & the number of men) to provid y^e men & means to carry on
+y^e warr; yet in this presente case, the proceeding of y^e comissioners
+and y^e comission given was as sufficiente as if it had been done by y^e
+Generall Courte.
+
+  First, it was a case of such presente & urgente necessitie, as could
+  not stay y^e calling of y^e Courte or Counsell. 2^ly. In y^e Articles
+  of Confederation, power is given to y^e comissioners to consult,
+  order, & determine all affaires of warr, &c. And y^e word _determine_
+  comprehends all acts of authority belonging therunto.
+
+  3^ly. The comissioners are y^e judges of y^e necessitie of the
+  expedition.
+
+  4^ly. The Generall Courte have made their owne comissioners their sole
+  counsell for these affires.
+
+  5^ly. These counsels could not have had their due effecte excepte they
+  had power to proceede in this case, as they have done; which were to
+  make y^e comissioners power, and y^e maine end of y^e confederation,
+  to be frustrate, and that mearly for observing a ceremony.
+
+  6^ly. The comissioners haveing sole power to manage y^e warr for
+  number of men, for time, place, &c., they only know their owne
+  counsells, & _determinations_, and therfore none can grante
+  co[=m]ission to acte according to these but them selves.
+
+All things being thus in readines, and some of y^e souldiers gone forth,
+and the rest ready to march, the comissioners thought it meete before
+any hostile acte was performed, to cause a presente to be returned,
+which had been sente to y^e Gove^r of the Massachusetts from y^e
+Narigansett sachems, but not by him received, but layed up to be
+accepted or refused as they should carry them selves, and observe y^e
+covenants. Therfore they violating the same, & standing out thus to a
+warr, it was againe returned, by 2. messengers & an interpretour. And
+further to let know that their men already sent to Uncass (& other wher
+sent forth) have hitherto had express order only to stand upon his &
+their owne defence, and not to attempte any invasion of y^e Narigansetts
+country; and yet if they may have due reperation for what is past, and
+good securitie for y^e future, it shall appear they are as desirous of
+peace, and shall be as tender of y^e Narigansets blood as ever. If
+therefore Pessecuss, Innemo, writh other sachemes, will (without further
+delay) come along with you to Boston, the comissioners doe promise &
+assure them, they shall have free liberty to come, and retourne without
+molestation or any just greevance from y^e English. But deputies will
+not now serve, nor may the preparations in hand be now stayed, or y^e
+directions given recalled, till y^e forementioned sagamors come, and
+some further order be taken. But if they will have nothing but warr, the
+English are providing, and will proceede accordingly.
+
+Pessecouss, Mixano, & Witowash, 3. principall sachems of y^e Narigansett
+Indeans, and Awasequen, deputie for y^e Nyanticks, with a large traine
+of men, within a few days after came to Boston.
+
+And to omitte all other circomstances and debats y^t past betweene them
+and the comissioners, they came to this conclusion following.
+
+  [267] 1. It was agreed betwixte y^e comissioners of y^e United
+  Collonies, and y^e forementioned sagamores, & Niantick deputie, that
+  y^e said Narigansets & Niantick sagamores should pay or cause to be
+  payed at Boston, to y^e Massachusets comissioners, y^e full sume of
+  2000. fathome of good white wampame, or a third parte of black
+  wampampeage, in 4. payments; namely, 500. fathome within 20. days,
+  500. fathome within 4. months, 500. fathome at or before next planting
+  time, and 500. fathome. within 2. years next after y^e date of these
+  presents; which 2000. fathome y^e comissioners accepte for
+  satisfaction of former charges expended.
+
+  2. The foresaid sagamors & deputie (on y^e behalfe of y^e Narigansett
+  & Niantick Indeans) hereby promise & covenante that they upon demand
+  and profe satisfie & restore unto Uncass, y^e Mohigan sagamore, all
+  such captives, whether men, or women, or children, and all such
+  canowes, as they or any of their men have taken, or as many of their
+  owne canowes in y^e roome of them, full as good as they were, with
+  full satisfaction for all such corne as they or any of theire men have
+  spoyled or destroyed, of his or his mens, since last planting time;
+  and y^e English comissioners hereby promise y^t Uncass shall doe y^e
+  like.
+
+  3. Wheras ther are sundry differences & greevances betwixte
+  Narigansett & Niantick Indeans, and Uncass & his men, (which in Uncass
+  his absence cannot now be detirmined,) it is hearby agreed y^t
+  Nariganset & Niantick sagamores either come them selves, or send their
+  deputies to y^e next meeting of y^e comissioners for y^e collonies,
+  either at New-Haven in Sep^t 1646. or sooner (upon conveniente
+  warning, if y^e said comissioners doe meete sooner), fully instructed
+  to declare & make due proofe of their injuries, and to submite to y^e
+  judgmente of y^e comissioners, in giving or receiving satisfaction;
+  and y^e said comissioners (not doubting but Uncass will either come
+  him selfe, or send his deputies, in like maner furnished) promising to
+  give a full hearing to both parties with equall justice, without any
+  partiall respects, according to their allegations and profs.
+
+  4. The said Narigansett & Niantick sagamors & deputies doe nearby
+  promise & covenante to keep and maintaine a firme & perpetuall peace,
+  both with all y^e English United Colonies & their successors, and with
+  Uncass, y^e Monhegen sachem, & his men; with Ossamequine, Pumham,
+  Sokanoke, Cutshamakin, Shoanan, Passaconaway, and all other Indean
+  sagamors, and their companies, who are in freindship with or subjecte
+  to any of y^e English; hearby ingaging them selves, that they will not
+  at any time hearafter disturbe y^e peace of y^e cuntry, by any
+  assaults, hostile attempts, invasions, or other injuries, to any of
+  y^e Unnited Collonies, or their successors; or to y^e afforesaid
+  Indeans; either in their persons, buildings, catle, or goods, directly
+  or indirectly; nor will they confederate with any other against them;
+  & if they know of any Indeans or others y^t conspire or intend hurt
+  against y^e said English, or any Indeans subjecte to or in freindship
+  with them, they will without delay acquainte & give notice therof to
+  y^e English co[=m]issioners, or some of them.
+
+  Or if any questions or differences shall at any time hereafter arise
+  or grow betwext them & Uncass, or any Endeans before mentioned they
+  will, according to former ingagments (which they hearby confirme &
+  ratifie) first acquainte y^e English, and crave their judgments &
+  advice therin; and will not attempte or begine any warr, or hostille
+  invasion, till they have liberty and alowance from y^e comissioners of
+  y^e United Collonies so to doe.
+
+  5. The said Narigansets & Niantick sagamores & deputies doe hearby
+  promise y^t they will forthw^th deliver & restore all such Indean
+  fugitives, or captives which have at any time fled from any of y^e
+  English, and are now living or abiding amongst them, or give due
+  satisfaction for them to y^e comissioners for y^e Massachusets; and
+  further, that they will (without more delays) pay, or cause to be
+  payed, a yearly tribute, a month before harvest, every year after
+  this, at Boston, to y^e English Colonies, for all such Pequents as
+  live amongst them, according to y^e former treaty & agreemente, made
+  at Hartford, 1638. namly, one fathome of white wampam for every
+  Pequente man, & halfe a fathume for each Pequente youth, and one hand
+  length for each mal-child. And if Weequashcooke refuse to pay this
+  tribute for any Pequents with him, the Narigansetts sagamores promise
+  to assiste y^e English against him. And they further covenante y^t
+  they will resigne & yeeld up the whole Pequente cuntrie, and every
+  parte of it, to y^e English collonies, as due to them by conquest.
+
+  6. The said Narigansett & Niantick sagamores & deputie doe hereby
+  promise & covenante y^t within 14. days they will bring & deliver to
+  y^e Massachusetts comissioners on the behalf of y^e collonies, [268]
+  foure of their children, viz. Pessecous his eldest son, the sone
+  Tassaquanawite, brother to Pessecouss, Awashawe his sone, and Ewangsos
+  sone, a Niantick, to be kepte (as hostages & pledges) by y^e English,
+  till both y^e forementioned 2000. fathome of wampam be payed at y^e
+  times appoynted, and y^e differences betweexte themselves & Uncass be
+  heard & ordered, and till these artickles be under writen at Boston,
+  by Jenemo & Wipetock. And further they hereby promise & covenante, y^t
+  if at any time hearafter any of y^e said children shall make escape,
+  or be conveyed away from y^e English, before y^e premisses be fully
+  accomplished, they will either bring back & deliver to y^e
+  Massachusett comissioners y^e same children, or, if they be not to be
+  founde, such & so many other children, to be chosen by y^e
+  comissioners for y^e United Collonies, or their assignes, and y^t
+  within 20. days after demand, and in y^e mean time, untill y^e said 4.
+  children be delivered as hostages, y^e Narigansett & Niantick sagamors
+  & deputy doe, freely & of their owne accorde, leave with y^e
+  Massachusett comissioners, as pledges for presente securitie, 4.
+  Indeans, namely, Witowash, Pumanise, Jawashoe, Waughwamino, who allso
+  freely consente, and offer them selves to stay as pledges, till y^e
+  said children be brought & delivered as abovesaid.
+
+  7. The comissioners for y^e United Collonies doe hereby promise &
+  agree that, at y^e charge of y^e United Collonies, y^e 4. Indeans now
+  left as pledges shall be provided for, and y^t the 4. children to be
+  brought & delivered as hostages shall be kepte & maintained at y^e
+  same charge; that they will require Uncass & his men, with all other
+  Indean sagamors before named, to forbear all acts of hostilitie
+  againste y^e Narigansetts and Niantick Indeans for y^e future. And
+  further, all y^e promises being duly observed & kept by y^e
+  Narigansett & Niantick Indians and their company, they will at y^e end
+  of 2. years restore y^e said children delivered as hostiages, and
+  retaine a firme peace with y^e Narigansets & Nianticke Indeans and
+  their successours.
+
+  8. It is fully agreed by & betwixte y^e said parties, y^t if any
+  hostile attempte be made while this treaty is in hand, or before
+  notice of this agreemente (to stay further preparations & directions)
+  can be given, such attempts & y^e consequencts therof shall on neither
+  parte be accounted a violation of this treaty, nor a breach of y^e
+  peace hear made & concluded.
+
+  9. The Narigansets & Niantick sagamors & deputie hereby agree &
+  covenante to & with y^e comissioners of y^e United Collonies, y^t
+  henceforth they will neither give, grante, sell, or in any maner
+  alienate, any parte of their countrie, nor any parcell of land
+  therin, either to any of y^e English or others, without consente or
+  allowance of y^e co[=m]issioners.
+
+  10. Lastly, they promise that, if any Pequente or other be found &
+  discovered amongst them who hath in time of peace murdered any of y^e
+  English, he or they shall be delivered to just punishmente.
+
+  In witness wherof y^e parties above named have interchaingablie
+  subscribed these presents, the day & year above writen.
+
+  JOHN WINTHROP, President.
+  HERBERT PELHAM.
+  THO: PRENCE.
+  JOHN BROWNE.
+  GEO: FENWICK.
+  EDWA: HOPKINS.
+  THEOPH: EATON.
+  STEVEN GOODYEARE.
+  PESSECOUSS his mark [Illustration:]
+  MEEKESANO his mark [Illustration:]
+  WITOWASH his mark [Illustration:]
+  AUMSEQUEN his mark [Illustration:]   the Niantick deputy.
+  ABDAS his mark [Illustration:]
+  PUMMASH his mark [Illustration:]
+  CUTCHAMAKIN his mark [Illustration:]
+
+  This treaty and agreemente betwixte the comissioners of y^e United
+  Collonies and y^e sagamores and deputy of Narrigansets and Niantick
+  Indeans was made and concluded, Benedicte Arnold being interpretour
+  upon his oath; Sergante Callicate & an Indean, his man, being
+  presente, and Josias & Cutshamakin, tow Indeans aquainted with y^e
+  English language, assisting therin; who opened & cleared the whole
+  treaty, & every article, to y^e sagamores and deputie there presente.
+
+And thus was y^e warr at this time stayed and prevented.
+
+[269] _Anno Dom: 1646._
+
+About y^e midle of May, this year, came in 3. ships into this harbor, in
+warrlike order; they were found to be men of warr. The captains name was
+Crumwell, who had taken sundrie prizes from y^e Spaniards in y^e West
+Indies. He had a comission from y^e Earle of Warwick. He had abord his
+vessels aboute 80. lustie men, (but very unruly,) who, after they came
+ashore, did so distemper them selves with drinke as they became like
+madd-men; and though some of them were punished & imprisoned, yet could
+they hardly be restrained; yet in y^e ende they became more moderate &
+orderly. They continued here aboute a month or 6. weeks, and then went
+to y^e Massachusets; in which time they spente and scattered a great
+deale of money among y^e people, and yet more sine (I fear) then money,
+notwithstanding all y^e care & watchfullnes that was used towards them,
+to prevente what might be.
+
+In which time one sadd accidente fell out. A desperate fellow of y^e
+company fell a quarling with some of his company. His captine
+co[=m]anded him to be quiet & surcease his quarelling; but he would not,
+but reviled his captaine with base language, & in y^e end halfe drew his
+rapier, & intended to rune at his captien; but he closed with him, and
+wrasted his rapier from him, and gave him a boxe on y^e earr; but he
+would not give over, but still assaulted his captaine. Wherupon he
+tooke y^e same rapier as it was in y^e scaberd, and gave him a blow with
+y^e hilts; but it light on his head, & y^e smal end of y^e bar of y^e
+rapier hilts peirct his scull, & he dyed a few days after. But y^e
+captaine was cleared by a counsell of warr. This fellow was so desperate
+a quareller as y^e captaine was faine many times to chaine him under
+hatches from hurting his fellows, as y^e company did testifie; and this
+was his end.
+
+This Captaine Thomas Cromuell sett forth another vioage to the
+Westindeas, from the Bay of the Massachusets, well maned & victuled; and
+was out 3. years, and tooke sundry prises, and returned rich unto the
+Massachusets, and ther dyed the same so[=m]ere, having gott a fall from
+his horse, in which fall he fell on his rapeir hilts, and so brused his
+body as he shortly after dyed therof, with some other distempers, which
+brought him into a feavor. Some observed that ther might be somthing of
+the hand of God herein; that as the forenamed man dyed of y^e blow he
+gave him with y^e rapeir hilts, so his owne death was occationed by a
+like means.
+
+This year M^r. Edward Winslow went into England, upon this occation:
+some discontented persons under y^e govermente of the Massachusets
+sought to trouble their peace, and disturbe, if not innovate, their
+govermente, by laying many [270] scandals upon them; and intended to
+prosecute against them in England, by petitioning & complaining to the
+Parlemente. Allso Samuell Gorton & his company made complaints against
+them; so as they made choyse of M^r. Winslow to be their agente, to make
+their defence, and gave him comission & instructions for that end; in
+which he so carried him selfe as did well answer their ends, and cleared
+them from any blame or dishonour, to the shame of their adversaries. But
+by reason of the great alterations in the State, he was detained longer
+then was expected; and afterwards fell into other imployments their, so
+as he hath now bene absente this 4. years, which hath been much to the
+weakning of this govermente, without whose consente he tooke these
+imployments upon him.
+
+_Anno 1647. And Anno 1648._
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+[ILLUSTRATION:]
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+No. I.
+
+[Passengers of the Mayflower.]
+
+The names of those which came over first, in y^e year 1620. and were by
+the blessing of God the first beginers and (in a sort) the foundation of
+all the Plantations and Colonies in New-England; and their families.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+M^r. John Carver; Kathrine, his wife; Desire Minter; & 2. man-servants,
+John Howland, Roger Wilder; William Latham, a boy; & a maid servant, & a
+child y^t was put to him, called Jasper More.
+
+[Sidenote: 6.]
+
+M^r. William Brewster; Mary, his wife; with 2. sons, whose names were
+Love & Wrasling; and a boy was put to him called Richard More; and
+another of his brothers. The rest of his children were left behind, &
+came over afterwards.
+
+[Sidenote: 5.]
+
+M^. Edward Winslow; Elizabeth, his wife; & 2. men servants, caled Georg
+Sowle and Elias Story; also a litle girle was put to him, caled Ellen,
+the sister of Richard More.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+William Bradford, and Dorothy, his wife; having but one child, a sone,
+left behind, who came afterward.
+
+[Sidenote: 6.]
+
+M^. Isaack Allerton, and Mary, his wife; with 3. children, Bartholmew,
+Remember, & Mary; and a servant boy, John Hooke.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+M^r. Samuell Fuller, and a servant, caled William Butten. His wife was
+behind, & a child, which came afterwards.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+John Crakston, and his sone, John Crakston.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+Captin Myles Standish, and Rose, his wife.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+M^r. Christopher Martin, and his wife, and 2. servants, Salamon Prower
+and John Langemore.
+
+[Sidenote: 5.]
+
+M^r. William Mullines, and his wife, and 2. children, Joseph & Priscila;
+and a servant, Robart Carter.
+
+[Sidenote: 6.]
+
+M^r. William White, and Susana, his wife, and one sone, caled Resolved,
+and one borne a ship-bord, caled Peregriene; & 2. servants, named
+William Holbeck & Edward Thomson.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+M^r. Steven Hopkins, & Elizabeth, his wife, and 2. children, caled
+Giles, and Constanta, a doughter, both by a former wife; and 2. more by
+this wife, caled Damaris & Oceanus; the last was borne at sea; and 2.
+servants, called Edward Doty and Edward Litster.
+
+[Sidenote: 1.]
+
+M^r. Richard Warren; but his wife and children were lefte behind, and
+came afterwards.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+John Billinton, and Elen, his wife; and 2. sones, John & Francis.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+Edward Tillie, and Ann, his wife; and 2. children that were their
+cossens, Henery Samson and Humillity Coper.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.]
+
+John Tillie, and his wife; and Eelizabeth, their doughter.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+Francis Cooke, and his sone John. But his wife & other children came
+afterwards.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+Thomas Rogers, and Joseph, his sone. His other children came afterwards.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.[EV]]
+
+Thomas Tinker, and his wife, and a sone.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+John Rigdale, and Alice, his wife.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.]
+
+James Chilton, and his wife, and Mary, their dougter. They had an other
+doughter, y^t was maried, came afterward.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.]
+
+Edward Fuller, and his wife, and Samuell, their sonne.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.]
+
+John Turner, and 2. sones. He had a doughter came some years after to
+Salem, wher she is now living.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.]
+
+Francis Eaton, and Sarah, his wife, and Samuell, their sone, a yong
+child.
+
+[Sidenote: 10.]
+
+Moyses Fletcher, John Goodman, Thomas Williams, Digerie Preist, Edmond
+Margeson, Peter Browne, Richard Britterige, Richard Clarke, Richard
+Gardenar, Gilbart Winslow.
+
+[Sidenote: 1.]
+
+John Alden was hired for a cooper, at South-Hampton, wher the ship
+victuled; and being a hopfull yong man, was much desired, but left to
+his owne liking to go or stay when he came here; but he stayed, and
+maryed here.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+John Allerton and Thomas Enlish were both hired, the later to goe m^r of
+a shalop here, and y^e other was reputed as one of y^e company, but was
+to go back (being a seaman) for the help of others behind. But they both
+dyed here, before the shipe returned.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+There were allso other 2. seamen hired to stay a year here in the
+country, William Trevore, and one Ely. But when their time was out, they
+both returned.
+
+These, bening aboute a hundred sowls, came over in this first ship; and
+began this worke, which God of his goodnes hath hithertoo blesed; let
+his holy name have y^e praise.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+And seeing it hath pleased him to give me to see 30. years compleated
+since these beginings; and that the great works of his providence are to
+be observed, I have thought it not unworthy my paines to take a veiw of
+the decreasings & increasings of these persons, and such changs as hath
+pased over them & theirs, in this thirty years. It may be of some use to
+such as come after; but, however, I shall rest in my owne benefite.
+
+I will therfore take them in order as they lye.
+
+M^r. Carver and his wife dyed the first year; he in y^e spring, she in
+y^e so[=m]er; also, his man Roger and y^e litle boy Jasper dyed before
+either of them, of y^e commone infection. Desire Minter returned to her
+freinds, & proved not very well, and dyed in England. His servant boy
+Latham, after more then 20. years stay in the country, went into
+England, and from thence to the Bahamy Ilands in y^e West Indies, and
+ther, with some others, was starved for want of food. His maid servant
+maried, & dyed a year or tow after, here in this place.
+
+[Sidenote: 15.]
+
+His servant, John Howland, maried the doughter of John Tillie,
+Elizabeth, and they are both now living, and have 10. children, now all
+living; and their eldest daughter hath 4. children. And ther 2.
+daughter, 1. all living; and other of their children mariagable. So 15.
+are come of them.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+M^r. Brewster lived to very old age; about 80. years he was when he
+dyed, having lived some 23. or 24. years here in y^e countrie; & though
+his wife dyed long before, yet she dyed aged. His sone Wrastle dyed a
+yonge man unmaried; his sone Love lived till this year 1650. and dyed, &
+left 4. children, now living. His doughters which came over after him
+are dead, but have left sundry children alive; his eldst sone is still
+liveing, and hath 9. or 10 children; one maried, who hath a child or 2.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+Richard More his brother dyed the first winter; but he is maried, and
+hath 4. or 5. children, all living.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+M^r. Ed: Winslow his wife dyed the first winter; and he maried with the
+widow of M^r. White, and hath 2. children living by her marigable,
+besids sundry that are dead.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+One of his servants dyed, as also the litle girle, soone after the ships
+arivall. But his man, Georg Sowle, is still living, and hath 8.
+childr[=e].
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+William Bradford his wife dyed soone after their arivall; and he maried
+againe; and hath 4. children, 3. wherof are maried.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+M^r. Allerton his wife dyed with the first, and his servant, John Hooke.
+His sone Bartle is maried in England, but I know not how many children
+he hath. His doughter Remember is maried at Salem, & hath 3. or 4.
+children living. And his doughter Mary is maried here, & hath 4.
+children. Him selfe maried againe with y^e doughter of M^r. Brewster, &
+hath one sone living by her, but she is long since dead. And he is
+maried againe, and hath left this place long agoe. So I account his
+increase to be 8. besids his sons in England.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+M^r. Fuller his servant dyed at sea; and after his wife came over, he
+had tow children by her, which are living and growne up to years; but he
+dyed some 15. years agoe.
+
+John Crakston dyed in the first mortality; and about some 5. or 6.
+years after, his sone dyed; having lost him selfe in y^e wodes, his feet
+became frosen, which put him into a feavor, of which he dyed.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.] [EW] Captain Standish his wife dyed in the first sicknes,
+and he maried againe, and hath 4. sones liveing, and some _are dead_.
+
+M^r. Martin, he & all his, dyed in the first infection not long after
+the arivall.
+
+[Sidenote: 15.]
+
+M^r. Molines, and his wife, his sone, and his servant, dyed the first
+winter. Only his dougter Priscila survied, and maried with John Alden,
+who are both living, and have 11. children. And their eldest daughter is
+maried, & hath five children.
+
+[Sidenote: 7.]
+
+Mr. White and his 2. servants dyed soone after ther landing. His wife
+maried with M^r. Winslow (as is before noted). His 2. sons are maried,
+and Resolved hath 5. children, Perigrine tow, all living. So their
+increase are 7.
+
+[Sidenote: 5.]
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+M^r. Hopkins and his wife are now both dead, but they lived above 20.
+years in this place, and had one sone and 4. doughters borne here. Ther
+sone became a seaman, & dyed at Barbadoes; one daughter dyed here, and
+2. are maried; one of them hath 2. children; & one is yet to mary. So
+their increase which still survive are 5. But his sone Giles is maried,
+and hath 4. children.
+
+[Sidenote: 12.]
+
+His doughter Constanta is also maried, and hath 12. children, all of
+them living, and one of them maried.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+M^r. Richard Warren lived some 4. or 5. years, and had his wife come
+over to him, by whom he had 2. sons before dyed; and one of them is
+maryed, and hath 2. children. So his increase is 4. But he had 5.
+doughters more came over with his wife, who are all maried, & living, &
+have many children.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+John Billinton, after he had bene here 10. yers, was executed for
+killing a man; and his eldest sone dyed before him; but his 2. sone is
+alive, and maried, & hath 8. children.
+
+[Sidenote: 7.]
+
+Edward Tillie and his wife both dyed soon after their arivall; and the
+girle Humility, their cousen, was sent for into England, and dyed ther.
+But the youth Henery Samson is still liveing, and is maried, & hath 7.
+children.
+
+John Tillie and his wife both dyed a litle after they came ashore; and
+their daughter Elizabeth maried with John Howland, and hath issue as is
+before noted.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+Francis Cooke is still living, a very olde man, and hath seene his
+childrens children have children; after his wife came over, (with other
+of his children,) he hath 3. still living by her, all maried, and have
+5. children; so their encrease is 8. And his sone John, which came over
+with him, is maried, and hath 4, chilldren living.
+
+[Sidenote: 6.]
+
+Thomas Rogers dyed in the first sicknes, but his sone Joseph is still
+living, and is maried, and hath 6. children. The rest of Thomas Rogers
+[children] came over, & are maried, & have many children.
+
+Thomas Tinker and his wife and sone all dyed in the first sicknes.
+
+And so did John Rigdale and his wife.
+
+[Sidenote: 10.]
+
+James Chilton and his wife also dyed in the first infection. But their
+daughter Mary is still living, and hath 9. children; and one daughter is
+maried, & hath a child; so their increase is 10.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+Edward Fuller and his wife dyed soon after they came ashore; but their
+sone Samuell is living, & maried, and hath 4. children or more.
+
+John Turner and his 2. sones all dyed in the first siknes. But he hath a
+daugter still living at Salem, well maried, and approved of.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1.]
+
+Francis Eaton his first wife dyed in the generall sicknes; and he maried
+againe, & his 2. wife dyed, & he maried the 3. and had by her 3.
+children. One of them is maried, & hath a child; the other are living,
+but one of them is an ideote. He dyed about 16. years 1. agoe. His sone
+Samuell, who came over a sucking child, is allso maried, & hath a child.
+
+Moyses Fletcher, Thomas Williams, Digerie Preist, John Goodman, Edmond
+Margeson, Richard Britteridge, Richard Clarke. All these dyed sone after
+their arivall, in the generall sicknes that befell. But Digerie Preist
+had his wife & children sent hither afterwards, she being M^r. Allertons
+sister. But the rest left no posteritie here.
+
+Richard Gardinar became a seaman, and died in England, or at sea.
+
+Gilbert Winslow, after diverse years aboad here, returned into England,
+and dyed ther.
+
+[Sidenote: 6.]
+
+Peter Browne maried twise. By his first wife he had 2. children, who are
+living, & both of them maried, and the one of them hath 2. children; by
+his second wife he had 2. more. He dyed about 16. years since.
+
+Thomas English and John Allerton dyed in the generall siknes.
+
+John Alden maried with Priscila, M^r. Mollines his doughter, and had
+issue by her as is before related.
+
+Edward Doty & Edward Litster, the servants of M^r. Hopkins. Litster,
+after he was at liberty, went to Virginia, & ther dyed. But Edward Doty
+by a second wife hath 7. children, and both he and they are living.
+
+Of these 100. persons which came first over in this first ship together,
+the greater halfe dyed in the generall mortality; and most of them in 2.
+or three monthes time. And for those which survied, though some were
+ancient & past procreation, & others left y^e place and cuntrie, yet of
+those few remaining are sprunge up above 160. persons, in this 30.
+years, and are now living in this presente year, 1650. besids many of
+their children which are dead, and come not within this account.
+
+And of the old stock (of one & other) ther are yet living this present
+year, 1650. nere 30. persons. Let the Lord have y^e praise, who is the
+High Preserver of men.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[EX]Twelfe persons liveing of the old stock this present yeare, 1679.
+
+Two persons liveing that came over in the first shipe 1620, this present
+yeare, 1690. Resolved White and Mary Chusman,[EY] the daughter of M^r.
+Allerton.
+
+And John Cooke, the son of Frances Cooke, that came in the first ship,
+is still liveing this present yeare, 1694; & Mary Cushman is still
+living, this present year, 1698.
+
+
+
+No. II.
+
+[Commission for Regulating Plantations.]
+
+Charles by y^e grace of God king of England, Scotland, France, and
+Ireland, Defender of y^e Faith, &c.[EZ]
+
+To the most Reve^d father in Christ, our wellbeloved & faithfull
+counsellour, William, by devine providence Archbishop of Counterbery, of
+all England Primate & Metropolitan; Thomas Lord Coventry, Keeper of our
+Great Seale of England; the most Reverente father in Christ our
+wellbeloved and most faithful Counselour, Richard, by devine providence
+Archbishop of Yorke, Primate & Metropolitan; our wellbeloved and most
+faithfull coussens & Counselours, Richard, Earle of Portland, our High
+Treasurer of England; Henery, Earle of Manchester, Keeper of our Privie
+Seale; Thomas, Earle of Arundalle & Surry, Earle Marshall of England;
+Edward, Earle of Dorsett, Chamberline of our most dear consorte, the
+Queene; and our beloved & faithfull Counselours, Francis Lord
+Cottington, Counseler, and Undertreasurour of our Eschequour; S^r:
+Thomas Edmonds, knight, Treasourer of our houshould; S^r: Henery Vane,
+Knight, controuler of y^e same houshould; S^r: John Cooke, Knight, one
+of our Privie Secretaries; and Francis Windebanck, Knight, another of
+our Privie Secretaries,
+
+Wheras very many of our subjects, & of our late fathers of beloved
+memory, our sovereigne lord James, late king of England, by means of
+licence royall, not only with desire of inlarging y^e teritories of our
+empire, but cheefly out of a pious & religious affection, & desire of
+propagating y^e gospell of our Lord Jesus Christ, with great industrie &
+expences have caused to be planted large Collonies of y^e English
+nation, in diverse parts of y^e world altogether unmannred, and voyd of
+inhabitants, or occupied of the barbarous people that have no knowledg
+of divine worship. We being willing to provid a remedy for y^e
+tranquillity & quietnes of those people, and being very confidente of
+your faith & wisdom, justice & providente circomspection, have
+constituted you y^e aforesaid Archbishop of Counterburie, Lord Keeper of
+y^e Great Seale of England, y^e Archbishop of Yorke, &c. and any 5. or
+more, of you, our Comissioners; and to you, and any 5. or more of you,
+we doe give and co[=m]ite power for y^e govermente & saftie of y^e said
+collonies, drawen, or which, out of y^e English nation into those parts
+hereafter, shall be drawne, to make lawes, constitutions, & ordinances,
+pertaining ether to y^e publick state of these collonies, or y^e private
+profite of them; and concerning y^e lands, goods, debts, & succession in
+those parts, and how they shall demaine them selves, towards foraigne
+princes, and their people, or how they shall bear them selves towards
+us, and our subjects, as well in any foraine parts whatsoever, or on y^e
+seas in those parts, or in their returne sayling home; or which may
+pertaine to y^e clergie govermente, or to y^e cure of soules, among y^e
+people ther living, and exercising trad in those parts; by designing out
+congruente porcions arising in tithes, oblations, & other things ther,
+according to your sound discretions, in politicall & civill causes; and
+by haveing y^e advise of 2. or 3. bishops, for y^e setling, making, &
+ordering of y^e bussines, for y^e designeing of necessary
+ecclesiasticall, and clargie porcions, which you shall cause to be
+called, and taken to you. And to make provission against y^e violation
+of those laws, constitutions, and ordinances, by imposing penealties &
+mulets, imprisonmente if ther be cause, and y^t y^e quality of y^e
+offence doe require it, by deprivation of member, or life, to be
+inflicted. With power allso (our assente being had) to remove, &
+displace y^e governours or rulers of those collonies, for causes which
+to you shall seeme lawfull, and others in their stead to constitute; and
+require an accounte of their rule & govermente, and whom you shall finde
+culpable, either by deprivation from their place, or by imposition of a
+mulete upon y^e goods of them in those parts to be levied, or
+banishmente from those provinces in w^ch they have been gove^r or
+otherwise to cashier according to y^e quantity of y^e offence. And to
+constitute judges, & magistrats politicall & civill, for civill causes
+and under y^e power and forme, which to you 5. or more of you shall
+seeme expediente. And judges & magistrats & dignities, to causes
+Ecclesiasticall, and under y^e power & forme which to you 5. or more of
+you, with the bishops vicegerents (provided by y^e Archbishop of
+Counterbure for y^e time being), shall seeme expediente; and to ordaine
+courts, pretoriane and tribunall, as well ecclesiasticall, as civill, of
+judgmentes; to detirmine of y^e formes and maner of procceedings in y^e
+same; and of appealing from them in matters & causes as well criminall,
+as civill, personall, reale, and mixte, and to their seats of justice,
+what may be equall & well ordered, and what crimes, faults, or exessess,
+of contracts or injuries ought to belonge to y^e Ecclesiasticall courte,
+and what to y^e civill courte, and seate of justice.
+
+Provided never y^e less, y^t the laws, ordinances, & constitutions of
+this kinde, shall not be put in execution, before our assent be had
+therunto in writing under our signet, signed at least, and this assente
+being had, and y^e same publikly proclaimed in y^e provinces in which
+they are to be executed, we will & co[=m]and y^t those lawes,
+ordinances, and constitutions more fully to obtaine strength and be
+observed[FA] shall be inviolably of all men whom they shall concerne.
+
+Notwithstanding it shall be for you, or any 5. or more of you, (as is
+afforsaid,) allthough those lawes, constitutions, and ordinances shalbe
+proclaimed with our royall assente, to chainge, revocke, & abrogate
+them, and other new ones, in forme afforsaid, from time to time frame
+and make as afforesaid; and to new evills arissing, or new dangers, to
+apply new remedyes as is fitting, so often as to you it shall seeme
+expediente. Furthermore you shall understand that we have constituted
+you, and every 5. or more of you, the afforesaid Archbishop of
+Counterburie, Thomas Lord Coventrie, Keeper of y^e Great Seale of
+England, Richard, Bishop of Yorke, Richard, Earle of Portland, Henery,
+Earle of Manchester, Thomas, Earle of Arundale & Surry, Edward, Earell
+of Dorsett, Francis Lord Cottinton, S^r Thomas Edmonds,[FB] knighte, S^r
+Henry Vane, knight, S^r Francis Windebanke, knight, our comissioners to
+hear, & determine, according to your sound discretions, all maner of
+complaints either against those collonies, or their rulers, or
+govenours, at y^e instance of y^e parties greeved, or at their
+accusation brought concerning injuries from hence, or from thence,
+betweene them, & their members to be moved, and to call y^e parties
+before you; and to the parties or to their procurators, from hence, or
+from thence being heard y^e full complemente of justice to be exhibted.
+Giving unto you, or any 5. or more of you power, y^t if you shall find
+any of y^e collonies afforesaid, or any of y^e cheefe rulers upon y^e
+jurisdictions of others by unjust possession, or usurpation, or one
+against another making greevance, or in rebelion against us, or
+withdrawing from our alegance, or our comandments, not obeying,
+consultation first with us in y^t case had, to cause those colonies, or
+y^e rulers of them, for y^e causes afforesaid, or for other just
+causes, either to returne to England, or to comand them to other places
+designed, even as according to your sounde discretions it shall seeme to
+stand with equitie, & justice, or necessitie. Moreover, we doe give unto
+you, & any 5. or more of you, power & spetiall co[=m]and over all y^e
+charters, leters patents, and rescripts royall, of y^e regions,
+provinces, ilands, or lands in foraigne parts, granted for raising
+colonies, to cause them to be brought before you, & y^e same being
+received, if any thing surrepticiously or unduly have been obtained, or
+y^t by the same priviledges, liberties, & prerogatives hurtfull to us,
+or to our crowne, or to foraigne princes, have been prejudicially
+suffered, or granted; the same being better made knowne unto you 5. or
+more of you, to co[=m]and them according to y^e laws and customs of
+England to be revoked, and to doe such other things, which to y^e
+profite & safgard of y^e afforesaid collonies, and of our subjects
+residente in y^e same, shall be necessary. And therfore we doe co[=m]and
+you that aboute y^e premisses at days & times, which for these things
+you shall make provission, that you be diligente in attendance, as it
+becometh you; giving in precepte also, & firmly injoyning, we doe give
+co[=m]and to all and singuler cheefe rulers of provinces into which y^e
+colonies afforesaid have been drawne, or shall be drawne, & concerning
+y^e colonies themselves, & concerning others, y^t have been interest
+therein, y^t they give atendance upon you, and be observante and
+obediente unto your warrants in those affaires, as often as, and even as
+in our name they shall be required, at their perill. In testimoney
+wherof, we have caused these our letters to be made pattente. Wittnes
+our selfe at Westminster the 28. day of Aprill, in y^e tenth year of our
+Raigne.
+
+  By write from y^e privie seale,
+  WILLIES.
+
+  Anno Dom: 1634.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+Index
+
+
+  Abdas, an Indian, 525.
+
+  Accord Pond, 442.
+
+  Acoughcouss, 445.
+
+  Adventurers. See _Merchant Adventurers_.
+
+  Alden. John, arrested in Massachusetts, 379.
+    Party to contract, 452, 458.
+    Settlement with, 478, 481.
+    Family, 533, 536, 539.
+
+  Alden, Robert, 256.
+
+  Allerton, Bartholomew, 531, 535.
+
+  Allerton, Isaac, 62.
+    Assistant, 121, 242.
+    Goes to England, 252, 267, 274, 313, 328.
+    Agreement with, 254 _et seq._, 271, 272.
+    Brings over Mr. Rogers, 292.
+    Marries Elder Brewster's daughter, 305.
+    Discharged, 329, 333, 358.
+    Disciplined by church, 349.
+    Disregards his bond, 357, 362.
+    Referred to, 276, 278-280, 294, 296, 297, 300-303, 305-312, 318-327,
+      335, 336, 340-350, 357-359, 361, 363-369, 375, 394, 432, 436, 452.
+    Family, 531.
+
+  Allerton, John, 533, 539.
+
+  Allerton, Mary, 531, 353.
+
+  Allerton, Remember, 531, 535.
+
+  Alltham, Emanuel, 256.
+
+  Amsterdam, 23, 66, 70, 73.
+
+  Anabaptistry, 461.
+
+  Andrews, Richard, adventurer, 256.
+    Undertaker, 275, 279, 296, 307, 333, 342, 343, 394.
+    Beaver sent to, 431, 435.
+    Takes land at  Scituate, 439.
+    Settlement with, 452.
+    Letter to Freeman, 482.
+    Referred to, 410, 412, 414, 436, 447.
+
+  Andrews, Thomas, adventurer, 256.
+
+  Ann. See _Cape Ann_.
+
+  Anne, ship, 168, 171, 177, 215.
+
+  Anthony, Lawrence, 256.
+
+  Aquidnett Island, 434, 461, 515.
+
+  Argoll, Captain, 47, 48.
+
+  Arminians, 27, 28.
+
+  Arnold, Benedict, 514, 525.
+
+  Ashley, Edward, 307.
+    His patent and business, 308 _et seq._
+    Sends beaver home, 318, 326.
+    Trades with Indians, 327.
+    Referred to, 333, 335, 337, 339, 346, 349.
+    His death, 328.
+
+  Assistants at Plymouth, 121, 187.
+
+  Atwood, John, agent for Sherley, 449 _et seq._
+    Sherley's letter to, 479.
+
+  Aulney, Monsieur d.', captures Penobscot, 395, 513.
+
+  Aurelius, Marcus, 24.
+
+  Awasequin, chief, 518, 525.
+
+  Awashawe, Indian, 523.
+
+
+  Babb, Mr., 412
+
+  Baker, master of the Charity, 202.
+
+  Baptism, differences respecting, 457, 461.
+
+  Barnstable, 444.
+
+  Bass, Edward, 255, 256.
+
+  Beastliness, 459 _et seq._
+
+  Beauchamp, John, 138, 141, 255, 256, 275, 276, 296.
+    Patent in his name, 307.
+    Referred to, 333, 342, 343, 368, 394, 412, 414, 431, 435, 439, 451.
+    Settlement with, 452.
+
+  Bellingham, Richard, deputy governor of Massachusetts, 399.
+    Letters from, 400, 461.
+
+  Billirike (Billerica), Pilgrims came from, 69.
+
+  Billington, Elen, 532.
+
+  Billington, Francis, 532.
+
+  Billington, John, 218.
+    Loses himself, 123.
+    Tried for murder and executed, 329.
+    Family, 532, 537.
+
+  Billington, John, Jr., 532.
+
+  Blackwell, Sir Francis, 47-50, 54.
+
+  Block Island, 418, 421.
+
+  Blossom, Thomas, 374.
+
+  Boston in England, 16.
+
+  Boston in New England, 342, 354, 383, 417, 501, 518.
+
+  Bound Brook, 442.
+
+  Bradford, Dorothy, 531, 535.
+
+  Bradford, Wm., begins writing, 9.
+    W. B., 62.
+    Chosen governor, 121.
+    Illness, 111, 121.
+    Letter to Weston, 131.
+    Letter from Weston, 142.
+    Letter from Pickering and Greene, 144, 272.
+    With others appoints Sherley and Beauchamp agents, 278.
+    Patent at Kennebec, 376.
+    Surrenders patent, 444.
+    Letter from, 462.
+    Family, 531, 535.
+
+  Bradstreet, Simon, 399, 513.
+
+  Brewer, Thomas, 60, 256.
+
+  Brewster, Jonathan, letter from, 403.
+
+  Brewster, Love, 531, 535.
+
+  Brewster, Mary, 531.
+
+  Brewster, Wm., Elder, 14.
+    Goes to Holland, 22.
+    Assistant to Robinson, 24.
+    Correspondence with Sandys and Worstenholme, 40-45.
+    As to going to America, 53.
+    Labors for sick, 111.
+    Letters from Pickering, Greene and Weston, 144-146.
+    Letter from Robinson, 198.
+    Letter from Roger White, 248.
+    Referred to, 153, 205, 208, 278, 380, 452.
+    Dies, 487.
+    Character, 488 _et seq._
+    Family, 531, 535.
+
+  Brewster, Wrestling, 531, 535.
+
+  Bristol, England, 320, 333, 338, 340, 347, 359.
+
+  Britteridge, Richard, 535, 538.
+
+  Brook, Lord, 378.
+
+  Brown, John, 513, 525.
+
+  Brown, Peter, 533, 525.
+
+  Browning, Henry, 256.
+
+  Brownists, 238.
+
+  Button, Wm., dies, 93.
+    Family, 532.
+
+
+  Callicote, Sergeant, 525.
+
+  Calvin, John, 7.
+
+  Capawack, 117, 125, 148.
+
+  Cape Ann, patent for, 192.
+    Mentioned, 202, 204, 237, 265.
+
+  Cape Cod, 90.
+    Arrive at, 93.
+    Explore bay of, 101.
+    French ship lost on, 118.
+    Mentioned, 97, 123, 127, 132, 148, 153, 154, 186, 231, 261, 266.
+
+  Carter, Robert, 532.
+
+  Carver, John, agent to England, 40.
+    Deacon, 40.
+    Letter from Staresmore, 50;
+      from Robinson, 58;
+      from S. F. _et al._, 61;
+      from Cushman, 69;
+      from Robinson, 77;
+      from Weston, 128, 137, 140.
+    Keeps letter, 66.
+    Chosen governor, 109.
+    Mentioned, 50, 54, 58, 61, 63, 67-70, 76, 131.
+    At Southampton, 74.
+    Dies, 121.
+    Family, 531, 534.
+
+  Carver, Kathrine, 531, 534.
+
+  Cattle, first arrival of, 189.
+
+  Cawsumsett Neck, 445.
+
+  Charity, ship, 190, 207.
+
+  Charles I., commission by, for regulating plantations, 249, 540.
+
+  Charles River, 440.
+
+  Charlestown, 441.
+
+  Charlton, 116.
+
+  Chauncey, Charles, invited to Plymouth, 456, 458.
+    Letter from, 467.
+
+  Chilton, James, 533, 538.
+
+  Chilton, Mary, 533, 538.
+
+  Chinnough, an Indian, 513.
+
+  Christmas at Plymouth, 134.
+
+  Church covenant, 331.
+
+  Clapham, 411, 451.
+
+  Clarke, pilot of the Mayflower, 67.
+
+  Clarke, Richard, 533, 538.
+
+  Clifton, Rev. Richard, 14.
+
+  Cobiseconte, 376.
+
+  Coddington, Wm., 332, 399.
+
+  Cohasset, 442.
+
+  Collier, Wm., 256, 340, 367.
+    Sherley's agent, 449.
+
+  Colonies of New England, confederation of, 496.
+
+  Commissioners for the plantation, 540.
+    Winslow petitions the, 390.
+
+  Compact of the Pilgrims, 109.
+
+  Connecticut, 371, 386, 387, 391, 402, 405, 415, 419, 424, 430, 506, 509.
+
+  Cooke, Francis, 532, 537, 539.
+
+  Cooke, John, 532, 537, 539.
+
+  Cooke, Lord, 50.
+
+  Cooper, Humility, 532, 537.
+
+  Coppin, Robert, Mayflower pilot, deceived, 104.
+
+  Corbitant takes Squanto, 124, 136.
+
+  Corn. See _Indian Corn_.
+
+  Cotton, Rev. John, 332.
+
+  Coventry, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Crabe, Rev. Mr., 71.
+
+  Crackston, John, family, 532, 536.
+
+  Cromwell, Thomas, Captain, and his crew, 526, 527.
+
+  Crose, Daniel, murderer, escapes, 432.
+
+  Cushman, Mary, 539.
+
+  Cushman, Robert, agent to England, 40.
+    Letters from, 46-49.
+    Letter from S. F. _et al._, 61, 62.
+    Letters to S F. _et al._, 63-68;
+    to John Carver, 69;
+    to Ed. S., 86-90.
+    Comes in the Fortune, 126.
+    Condemns Weston's colonists, 147.
+    Letters from, 172, 191.
+    Mentioned, 49, 50, 54, 58, 60, 69, 74-76, 85, 137.
+    His death, 249.
+
+  Cutshamakin, 522, 525.
+
+
+  Damariscove Islands, 137, 187, 228, 251.
+
+  Dartmouth, England, 83, 86, 90.
+
+  Davenport, Lieutenant, 428.
+
+  Davidson, Wm., 488.
+
+  Davis, John, Sergeant, 514.
+
+  Delft-Haven, 72.
+
+  Dennison, Wm., 343.
+
+  Dermer, Captain, 115, 118.
+
+  Dorchester, 402, 406.
+
+  Doty, Edward, 532, 539.
+
+  Dudley, Thomas, 232, 342.
+    Letter from, 379.
+    Mentioned, 384, 399, 504.
+
+  Dumer, Richard, 399.
+
+  Dutch, 54, 196.
+    Send letters, 281.
+    Mentioned, 370, 372-374, 388.
+
+  Dutch letter, 268.
+
+  Dutchman at Hull, 17, 18, 409.
+
+  Duxbury, 362, 444, 457, 458, 474.
+
+
+  Earthquake in 438, 437.
+
+  Eaton, Francis, 533, 538.
+
+  Eaton, Samuel, 533, 538.
+
+  Eaton, Sarah, 533, 538.
+
+  Eaton, Theoph., 504, 513, 525.
+
+  Elizabeth, Queen, 7.
+
+  Ely, seaman of Mayflower, 533.
+
+  Endicott, John, arrival of, with patent for Massachusetts, 286-314.
+    Letter to Governor Bradford, 315, 442.
+
+  English, Thomas, seaman on the Mayflower, 533, 539.
+
+  Episcopius, 28.
+
+  Ewangsos, an Indian, 523.
+
+  Exeter jail, 303.
+
+
+  Falcon, ship, 410.
+
+  Familism, 461.
+
+  Farrar, Sir George, 63.
+
+  Fast, in Holland, 52;
+    in Plymouth, 170.
+
+  Fells, Mr., 264, 265.
+
+  Fenwick, George, 504, 513, 525.
+
+  Fitcher, Lieutenant, at Merry-Mount, 284, 285.
+
+  Fleet Prison, 328, 393, 447.
+
+  Fletcher, Moses, 533, 538.
+
+  Fletcher, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Florida, 37.
+
+  Fogg, 339.
+
+  Fort Orange, now Albany, 282.
+
+  Fortune, arrival of the, 126.
+    Departs, 133, 142.
+
+  France, 147, 148, 448.
+
+  Freeman, Edmund, 451, 456.
+
+  French robbery at Penobscot, 350.
+
+  French ship lost on Cape Cod, 118, 137.
+
+  Friendship, ship, 320, 328, 329, 333, 336, 338, 342, 343, 346, 347,
+    358, 360, 413, 455.
+
+  Fuller, Edward, and family, 533, 538.
+
+  Fuller, Samuel, letter from, 61.
+    Letters from Cushman, 63-68.
+    Mentioned, 93, 220, 315.
+    His death, 374.
+    Family, 532, 535.
+
+  Furnival's Inn, 284.
+
+
+  Galopp, John, 429.
+
+  Gardenar, Richard, 533, 538.
+
+  Gardiner, Sir Christopher, 352 _et seq._
+
+  Gibbons commands, 518.
+
+  Gibbs, Mr., mate of the Sparrow, 275.
+
+  Girling, expedition of, to recover Penobscot, 396.
+
+  Glover, Rev. Mr., 408.
+
+  Goffe, Thomas, 256, 275.
+
+  Goodman, John, 533, 538.
+
+  Goodyeare, Stephen, 525.
+
+  Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, 115, 180, 300, 329, 355, 391.
+
+  Gorges, Robert, grant to, 178.
+    Meets Mr. Weston, 179.
+    Arrests him, 183.
+    Returns to England, 184.
+
+  Gorton, Samuel, 528
+
+  Gosnold, Captain, names Cape Cod, 94.
+
+  Gott, Charles, 316.
+
+  Granger, Thomas, 474.
+
+  Graves, Mr., 412.
+
+  Greene, Wm., 143, 144.
+
+  Green's harbor, 362.
+
+  Gregson, Thomas, 504, 513.
+
+  Greville, Sir Fulke, 46.
+
+  Griffin, Mr., 412.
+
+  Grimsbe and Hull, 18.
+
+  Gudburn, Peter, 256.
+
+  Guiana, 36, 55.
+
+
+  Hall, Mr., 410.
+
+  Hampton, 332.
+
+  Hanson, Captain, 183.
+
+  Hartford, 501, 510.
+
+  Hatherly, Timothy, 256, 296, 307, 309.
+    Arrives in Massachusetts Bay, 319-329, 334, 335, 340.
+    Affirms by oath, 342, 343, 345.
+    At Bristol, 347.
+    Again comes to America, 360, 439.
+
+  Hathorne, Wm., 513.
+
+  Haynes, John, governor of Massachusetts, 399.
+
+  Heath, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Hedgehog, fable of the, 211.
+
+  Hendrick, Prince, 249.
+
+  Hibbins, Wm., 479.
+
+  Higginson, Francis, 317.
+
+  Hingham, 439.
+    Boundaries of, 440, 442.
+
+  Hobbamok, an Indian, 123-125, 135-137.
+
+  Hobson, Wm., 256.
+
+  Hocking, killed at the Kennebec, 377-384.
+
+  Holbeck, Wm., 532.
+
+  Holland, 15, 22, 30, 34, 42, 69, 71, 374, 393, 490.
+
+  Holland, Robert, 243, 256.
+
+  Hooke, John, 531, 535.
+
+  Hooker, Rev. Thomas, 234.
+
+  Hopkins, Constanta, 532, 536.
+
+  Hopkins, Damaris, 532.
+
+  Hopkins, Edward, 504, 513, 525.
+
+  Hopkins, Elizabeth, 532, 536.
+
+  Hopkins, Giles, 536.
+
+  Hopkins, Oceanus, born at sea, 532.
+
+  Hopkins, Stephen, 122.
+    Visits Massasoit, 122.
+    Family, 532, 536.
+
+  Houghe, Atherton, 399.
+
+  Howland, Elizabeth, 534.
+
+  Howland, John, falls overboard, 92, 452.
+    Family, 531, 534.
+
+  Hubbard, Wm., historian, 329.
+
+  Huddleston, John, letter from, 150, 151.
+
+  Hudson, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Hudson's Bay, 196.
+
+  Hudson's River, 13.
+
+  Hull, 17, 18.
+
+  Humber River, 441.
+
+  Humfray, John, 399.
+
+  Hunt, Thomas, Captain, captor of Squanto, 115, 116.
+
+  Hunter, Rev. Joseph, 151, 197.
+
+  Hurricane at Plymouth, 401.
+
+
+  Indian corn, 100.
+    Pilgrims take, and later pay for, 100, 123.
+    Squanto teaches how to plant, 120.
+    Indians raise more, 122.
+    Pilgrims do not yet know how to raise, 152.
+    Several hogs-heads secured, 155.
+    Each man to plant for himself, 162.
+    Women and children set, 162.
+    Fear about supply, 176.
+
+  Indians, expected danger from, 34, 95.
+      First seen, 98.
+      Their corn found, 99.
+      About a grampus, 101.
+      First alarm of, 102-104, 106.
+      Skulking, 113.
+      Mentioned, 119, 123, 127, 134, 136, 156, 157.
+      Resolve to destroy western people, 158.
+      Mentioned, 232, 253, 262.
+      Value of wampum, 282.
+      Taught by Morton, 286.
+
+  ---- Long Island, sachems of, 428.
+
+  ---- Mohawks, 427.
+    Kill Sassacus, 430.
+    Mentioned, 514.
+
+  ---- Monhiggs beat the Narragansetts, 430.
+
+  ---- Narragansetts, 123, 133, 135, 136, 148, 152, 186, 282, 416, 423,
+         424, 426, 430, 433 496, 505.
+    Agreement with, 521.
+
+  ---- Neepnetts, 429.
+
+  ---- Nyanticks, 512, 518.
+    Agreement with, 521.
+
+  ---- Pequots, 232, 282, 371, 415, 416, 418.
+    Attack English, 419, 420, 423-426, 430, 496, 505.
+
+  Innemo, Indian chief, 518.
+
+  Irish servants, 264.
+
+  Isle of Shoals, 291.
+
+
+  Jackson, Thomas, executed, 432.
+
+  James, a physician, 434.
+
+  James I., 13.
+    Dies, 219.
+    Named, 356.
+
+  James, ship, 192.
+
+  Jeffrey, Sergeant, 328.
+
+  Jenemo and Wipelock, 523.
+
+  Johnson, Rev. Francis, 48, 49.
+
+  Johnson, Mr., 330, 332.
+
+  Johnsone, alderman, 47.
+
+  Jonas, 525.
+
+  Jones, captain of the Discovery, 153.
+
+  Jones, captain of the Mayflower, 83.
+
+
+  Kean, Robert, 255, 256.
+
+  Kennebec, load of corn sent up the, 246.
+    Mentioned, 267, 280, 282, 293, 300, 311, 326, 348, 379, 407, 421, 437.
+    Patent at, 376.
+
+  Kent, 70.
+
+  King, Wm., 89.
+
+  Knight, Eliza, 256.
+
+  Knight, John, 256.
+
+  Knowles, Myles, 256.
+
+
+  Land's End, 84.
+
+  Langemore, John, 532.
+
+  Langrume, master of a ship, 410, 412.
+
+  Latham, Wm., 531, 534.
+
+  LaTour, French governor, 513.
+
+  Laud, Wm., archbishop, 391, 392.
+
+  Lee, Lord, 430.
+
+  Levett, Christopher, 179.
+
+  Leyden, 23, 54, 56, 66, 70.
+    Departure thence, 71.
+    Mentioned, 85, 96, 130, 143, 148, 189, 216, 249, 271, 293, 314.
+
+  Lincoln, Countess of, 51.
+
+  Lincolnshire, 13, 16.
+
+  Ling, John, 256.
+
+  Lister, Edward, 532, 539.
+
+  London, 69, 72, 73, 84, 86, 115, 195, 244.
+    Plague in, 246, 357, 410.
+
+  London bridge, fire on, 367.
+
+  Low countries, 22, 26, 121, 296, 448, 489.
+
+  Ludlow, Mr., 428, 509.
+
+  Lyford, John, arrives, 204.
+    Letters intercepted, 207, 208.
+    Sets up a public meeting, 209.
+    Cited before the court, 210.
+    Mentioned, 213, 215, 219, 238, 292.
+    His acknowledgment, 220.
+    Writes to adventurers, 221.
+    Their opinion of him, 223 _et seq._, 227, 229, 230.
+    Censured, 232.
+    Facts concerning, 232 _et seq._
+    Goes to Nantasket, 236. Dies, 237.
+
+  Lyon, ship, 363.
+
+
+  Maggner, Mr., 47.
+
+  Mahue, Mr., 360.
+
+  Malabar, Cape, 94.
+
+  Manamoick (Chatham), 117, 125, 155, 262.
+
+  Manoanscussett, 281, 415.
+
+  Manomet (Sandwich), 123.
+    Pinace built at, 266.
+    Mentioned, 281, 402.
+
+  Margeson, Edmond, 533, 538.
+
+  Marriage, first, at Plymouth, 121.
+    By magistrates, 393.
+
+  Marshfield, 444, 458.
+
+  Martin, Christopher, 69, 70, 76, 87, 88, 532, 536.
+
+  Martyr, Peter, 164.
+
+  Mary, Queen, 7, 352.
+
+  Mary, Queen of Scots, 489.
+
+  Mary and Anne, 435.
+
+  Mason, Captain, with Gorges, 355, 391, 392.
+
+  Mason, John, Captain, and the Pequots, 428, 518.
+
+  Massachusetts, location of, 117.
+    Bay, 149, 232, 265, 295.
+    Gorges arrives in Bay, 178, 181.
+    Arrival of Ralfe Smith, 314.
+    Mr. Pierce and Mr. Hatherley come, 319, 320, 330, 342.
+    Gardiner in, 352, 361.
+    Roger Williams comes, 369.
+    Mentioned, 371, 372, 382, 383, 403, 416, 419, 433.
+    Boundaries between Massachusetts and Plymouth, 447.
+
+  Massasoit visits Plymouth, 114.
+    Treaty with, 114.
+    Embassy to, 122.
+    Sends word concerning Billington, 123-125, 134, 136.
+    Seeks Squanto's life, 137.
+    Is sick, 158.
+
+  Masterson, Richard, 50, 374.
+
+  Maurice, Grave, dies, 249.
+
+  Mayflower, 296.
+
+  May-pole at Merry-Mount, 285, 286.
+
+  Meekesano, 525.
+
+  Merchant adventurers, agreement with, 70, 76.
+    Weston and the, 138, 143.
+    As to Lyford, 234.
+    Broken up, 237.
+    Names of, 256.
+
+  Merrimac River, 160.
+
+  Merry-Mount, 284.
+
+  Miantonimo, 505, 512.
+
+  Milford-Haven, 348.
+
+  Millsop, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Minter, Desire, 531, 534.
+
+  Mixano, 518.
+
+  Monhegan, 148, 185, 251.
+
+  Mononotto, an Indian, and his wife, 429, 430.
+
+  More, Ellen, 531.
+
+  More, Jasper, 531, 534.
+
+  More, Richard, 531, 533.
+
+  Morrell, Wm., Rev., comes with Robert Gorges, 185.
+
+  Morton, George, 59.
+
+  Morton, Thomas, at Mount Wollaston, 284 _et seq._
+    Arrested, 291, 302.
+    Imprisoned in Boston, 303, 392.
+
+  Mott, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Mount Wollaston, 284 _et seq._
+
+  Mullines, Joseph, 532, 536.
+
+  Mullines, Priscila, 532, 536, 539.
+
+  Mullines, Wm., 76.
+    Family, 532, 536.
+
+
+  Nacata, 445.
+
+  Naemschatet, 445.
+
+  Namasket, 116.
+
+  Namassakett, 124.
+
+  Namskeket Creek, 263.
+
+  Nantasket, 236, 289.
+
+  Narragansetts.   See _Indians_.
+
+  Nash, Mr., 61, 62.
+
+  Natawanute, 373.
+
+  Naumkeag (Salem), 235, 316.
+
+  Naunton, Sir Robert, 38.
+
+  Nauset (Eastham), 116, 123, 444.
+
+  Nequamkeck, falls of, 376.
+
+  Newbald, Fria, 256.
+
+  New-comin, John, killed by Billington, 330.
+
+  New England, 109, 115.
+    Grant from council of, 167, 169, 178, 245.
+    Confederation of plantations of, 496.
+
+  Newfoundland, 115.
+
+  New Haven, 458, 500-502, 509, 521.
+
+  Newtown, 399, 407.
+
+  Norton, Captain, 386.
+
+  Norton, Rev. John, 408.
+
+  Norway, 19.
+
+  Nottinghamshire, 13.
+
+  Novatians, 9.
+
+  Nowell, Increase, 399.
+
+  Nyanticks. See _Indians_.
+
+
+  Old-comers, 444.
+
+  Oldham, John, 206, 208.
+    Resists Captain Standish, 209.
+    Cited before the court, 210.
+    Named, 216, 218, 219.
+    Comes again, 229.
+    Sent away, 230.
+    Confesses, 231.
+    Killed, 232.
+    Mentioned, 237, 417, 418.
+
+  Oporto, 327, 343.
+
+  Orania (Orange) fort, 282.
+
+  Ossamequine, 522.
+
+  Ouse River, 441.
+
+
+  Paddy, Wm., 456.
+
+  Pampiamett, 513.
+
+  Paragon, ship, sent out by John Peirce, 166-168.
+
+  Partridge, Ralph, discusses baptism with Chauncey, 457.
+    Letter from, 466.
+
+  Passaconaway, 522.
+
+  Passengers in the Mayflower, 531 _et seq._
+
+  Patrick, Captain, 328.
+
+  Patucket River, 445.
+
+  Patuxet (Plymouth), 116.
+
+  Peach, Arthur, executed for murder, 432.
+
+  Peirce, Wm., master of Paragon, 169.
+    Master of the Anne, 171, 186, 202, 207, 216.
+    Comes from England, 230, 232, 234, 308, 319, 333, 361, 363.
+    Letter from Virginia, 365-367, 412, 414.
+    Carries Indians to West Indies, 429.
+
+  Pelham, Herbert, 525.
+
+  Pemaquid, 401.
+
+  Pemberton, John, 208.
+
+  Pennington, Wm., 256.
+
+  Penobscot, 116, 309, 326, 333, 349, 350, 382, 395, 400.
+
+  Pequots. See _Indians_.
+
+  Perkins, Mr., 9.
+
+  Perrin, Wm., 256.
+
+  Pessecuss, an Indian, 520, 524, 525.
+
+  Peters, Hugh, 479 _et seq._
+
+  Pickering, Edward, 58, 60, 138, 140, 143.
+    Letter to Bradford and Brewster, 144, 145.
+
+  Pierce, John, 76, 143.
+    Likes not Weston's company, 148.
+    Sends the Paragon, 166 _et seq._
+    Charter taken in name of, 167.
+
+  Pilgrims resolve to go to the low countries, 14.
+    Fate of families left behind, 20.
+    Remove to Leyden, 23.
+    Obtain patent from Virginia company, 50, 51.
+    Agreement with Weston and merchant adventurers, 56, 70.
+    Their vessels, 71, 72.
+    Choose governor and assistants, 83.
+    Sail, 83.
+    Put back, 83.
+    Dismiss the Speedwell, 84.
+    List of the, in the Mayflower, 531 _et seq._
+    Descry Cape Cod, 93.
+    Give thanks, 94.
+    First see Indians, 98.
+    Find kettle and Indian corn, 99.
+    First encounter with Indians, 102.
+    Lay out house lots, 107.
+    Their compact, 109.
+    Choose John Carver governor, 109.
+    Visited by Samoset, 113;
+      by Squanto and Massasoit, 114.
+    Treaty with Massasoit, 114.
+    Harvest, 127, 152.
+    Their meeting house, 152.
+
+  Pinchon, 399, 404.
+
+  Piscataqua River, 160, 251, 267, 377, 383.
+
+  Plague in London, 246, 357.
+
+  Plantations, commission for regulating, 249, 540.
+
+  Pliny, 201.
+
+  Plymouth, Eng., Pilgrims put into, 84, 244.
+
+  Plymouth, N. E., 1, 90, 116, 117, 127, 160, 251, 314, 332, 349, 363,
+      380.
+    Bounds between, and Massachusetts, 442.
+
+  Pocock, John, 256.
+
+  Point Care, 94.
+
+  Point Peril, 445.
+
+  Pokanokets, 116.
+
+  Poliander, John, 28.
+
+  Portsmouth, 169, 244, 246.
+
+  Pory, John, secretary, 153.
+
+  Powows, 118.
+
+  Poynton, Daniel, 256.
+
+  Preist, Digerie, 533, 538.
+
+  Prince, Thos., chosen governor, 375, 432.
+    Mentioned, 380, 381, 452, 525.
+
+  Prices of live stock, 436.
+
+  Providence, 515.
+
+  Prower, Salamon, 532.
+
+  Punham, 522.
+
+  Pummunish, 513, 525.
+
+  Puritans, name, 8.
+
+
+  Quarles, Wm., 256.
+
+
+  Rasdell, Mr., at Mt. Wollaston, 284.
+
+  Rasieres, Isaac de, 269.
+    Reply to his letter, 270, 281.
+
+  Rayner, John, Rev., 419, 457.
+    Letter from, 464.
+
+  Rehoboth, 444.
+
+  Revell, John, 256.
+
+  Reynolds, 67.
+    Captain of the Speedwell, 83.
+    Puts back twice, 83, 84.
+    Referred to, 147, 208.
+
+  Rigdale, Alice, 533, 537.
+
+  Rigdale, John, 533, 537.
+
+  Riggs, Sergeant, 328.
+
+  Robinson, John, Rev., 14.
+    Goes to Holland, 22-24, 27.
+    Disputes with Arminius, 28.
+    Correspondence with Sir Edwin Sandys, 40-43;
+      with Sir John Worstenholm, 43-46, 48, 54.
+    Letters to John Carver, 58-61, 77, 78;
+      to Pilgrims, 78-82, 88, 130, 153.
+    Letter to Governor Bradford, 197;
+      to Wm. Brewster, 198, 216, 238.
+    Dead, 247 _et seq._
+
+  Rogers, Mr., at Plymouth, 292.
+
+  Rogers, Joseph, 533, 537.
+
+  Rogers, Thomas, 533, 537.
+
+  Rome, 25, 66.
+
+  Rookes, Newman, 256.
+
+
+  Sagadahoc, wreck at, 251.
+
+  Salem, 235, 295, 316, 317, 330, 370, 383.
+
+  Salt-making, 191, 192, 203.
+
+  Saly (Saller), 245.
+
+  Samoset visits Plymouth, 113.
+
+  Samson, Henry, 532, 537.
+
+  Sanders, John, chief of Weston's men, 155.
+
+  Sandwich, 444.
+
+  Sandys, Sir Edwin, letter from, 40-43, 46.
+    Governor of Virginia company, 47.
+
+  Sassacus, sachem, 427.
+    Killed, 430.
+
+  Satucket, 116.
+
+  Say, Lord, 378, 384.
+
+  Scituate, 440-444, 458.
+
+  Scotland, 448.
+
+  Scott, false, 351.
+
+  Scurvy, Pilgrims suffer from, 110.
+
+  Seekonk, 434, 444, 518.
+
+  Seneca, 94, 200.
+
+  Sharpe, Samuel, 256.
+
+  Sheriver, Mr., 50.
+
+  Sherley, James, letters to Pilgrims, 189 _et seq._, 193, 300, 302,
+      304, 321, 333.
+    Letters to Governor Bradford, 275 _et seq._, 295.
+    Letters from, 335 _et seq._, 346, 359, 367 _et seq._, 381, 394, 410,
+      412, 450.
+    Settlement with, 452.
+    Letters to Atwood, 478;
+      to partners, 478, 485.
+    His release, 480.
+    Mentioned, 249, 255, 256, 278, 279, 293, 304, 306, 307, 309, 313,
+      318, 340, 342, 344, 347-350, 357, 360, 363, 375, 414, 415, 431,
+      435, 439, 446.
+
+  Shoanan, sachem, 522.
+
+  Sibsie, Mr., 220.
+
+  Skelton, Samuel, 317.
+
+  Small-pox among Indians on the Connecticut, 388.
+
+  Smith, Francis, 514.
+
+  Smith, John, 23, 94.
+    His map, 441.
+
+  Smith, John, Rev., 14, 23.
+
+  Smith, Ralph, Rev., 314.
+    Resigns his ministry, 418.
+
+  Smith, Sir Thomas, 47.
+
+  Sodomy, 459 _et seq._
+
+  Sokanoke, 522.
+
+  Southampton, 67.
+    Arrive at, 71.
+    Mentioned, 73, 87, 88, 533.
+
+  Souther, Nathaniel, 456.
+
+  Southworth, Edward, letter from Robt. Cushman, 86-90.
+
+  Sowams, 115.
+
+  Sowansett River, 445.
+
+  Sowle, George, 531, 535.
+
+  Spain, 115, 358.
+
+  Sparrow, ship, 145.
+
+  Speedwell, ship, 71, 72, 84.
+
+  Squanto, history of, 113-117.
+    Teaches corn planting, 120.
+    With embassy to Massasoit, 122.
+    Mentioned, 124, 125, 130, 135, 148.
+    Seeks his own ends, 136, 137.
+    Dies, 155.
+
+  Stamford, 509.
+
+  Standish, Myles, leads a party up Cape Cod, 98.
+    Labors for sick, 111.
+    Goes with party about Cape Cod, 155.
+    Rescues some of Weston's people, 159.
+    Lyford's opinion of, 217.
+    Sent to England, 245.
+    Comes home, 247, 252, 272, 278.
+    Arrests Morton, 291, 379-381.
+    Goes to the Penobscot, 397.
+    Mentioned, 446, 452, 458, 518, 532, 536.
+
+  Standish, Rose, 532, 536.
+
+  Stanton, Thomas, interpreter, 428.
+
+  Staresmore, Sabin (S. B.), 46.
+    Letter to Carver, 50, 51.
+
+  Stinnings, Richard, executed for murder, 432.
+
+  Stone, Captain, influences governor of Dutch plantation, 385.
+    Killed, 386.
+    Mentioned, 416, 418.
+
+  Story, Elias, 531.
+
+  Stoughton, Israel, commissioner, 442.
+
+  Stoughton, Mr., 429.
+
+  Straton, 339.
+
+  Sturgs, Thomas, 481.
+
+
+  Taborites, 25.
+
+  Talbut, ship, 296.
+
+  Tarantines, 125.
+
+  Tassaquanawite, 523.
+
+  Taunton, 444.
+
+  Thanksgiving, first, 126.
+
+  Thomas, Wm., 456.
+
+  Thompson, David, at the mouth of the Piscataqua, 185, 251, 252.
+
+  Thompson, Edward, 532.
+
+  Thorned, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Thornhill, Matthew, 256.
+
+  Tilden, Joseph, 256.
+
+  Tillie, Ann, 532, 537.
+
+  Tillie, Edward, 532, 537.
+
+  Tillie, Elizabeth, 532, 534, 537.
+
+  Tillie, John, 532, 534, 537.
+
+  Tinker, Thomas, 533, 537.
+
+  Tirrey, Arthur, 481.
+
+  Trask, Captain, 328.
+
+  Trent, River, 441.
+
+  Trevore, Wm., 148, 533.
+
+  Trumball, Wm., 357.
+
+  Tucker's Terror, 94.
+
+  Turkeys, wild, 126.
+
+  Turner, John, 66, 67, 533, 538.
+
+
+  Uncas, Monhigg chief, 430, 505, 510 _et seq._, 514, 521, 523.
+
+  Uncaway, 509.
+
+  Union of the New England colonies, 496.
+
+
+  Vane, Sir Harry, 419, 430.
+
+  Vines, Richard, 338.
+
+  Virginia, 36, 37, 41, 49, 55, 67, 86, 109, 117, 127, 138, 149, 150,
+      152, 153, 170, 181.
+    Ship bound for, 261, 265, 266.
+    Mentioned, 364, 385, 414.
+
+  Virginia company, 38, 39, 46, 47, 54, 108.
+
+  Virginia court and council, 46.
+
+
+  Walloons, 27.
+
+  Wampum, value of, 282.
+
+  Ward, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Warren, Richard, 532, 537.
+
+  Warwick, Earl of, 300, 526.
+
+  Water, first drink of, in New England, 99.
+
+  Waughwamino, 524.
+
+  Weequashcooke, 523.
+
+  Weesagascussett, 289.
+
+  Weetowish, 513, 518, 525.
+
+  Weld, Thomas, 479 _et seq._
+
+  West, Francis, admiral for New England, 169, 178.
+
+  Weston, Andrew, 144.
+
+  Weston, Thos., 52, 54-56, 59, 60, 62, 63, 67, 69, 74, 88.
+    Writes Governor Carver, 128, 129.
+    Sends fishing vessel, 137.
+    Letters to Mr. Carver, 137-140.
+    Letter to Governor Bradford, 142-144.
+    Remarks in letter of Pickering and Greene, 145.
+    Mentioned, 141, 146, 149, 150, 166, 178, 186, 189.
+    His people in trouble, 154 _et seq._
+    Comes in disguise, 160.
+    His ingratitude, 161.
+    Arrives with small ship, 179.
+    Cited before Robert Gorges, 179 _et seq._
+    Arrested, 183.
+    Dies, 184.
+
+  Westminster, 411.
+
+  Weymouth, 442.
+
+  White, Mr., counsellor, 234.
+
+  White, John, Rev., 256.
+
+  White, Peregrine, 532, 536.
+
+  White, Resolved, 532, 536, 539.
+
+  White, Roger, letter from, 248.
+
+  White, Susannah, 532, 535.
+
+  White, Wm., 532, 535, 536.
+
+  White Angel, ship, 320, 321, 326, 328, 329, 333-335, 337, 338, 343,
+    344, 346, 350, 361, 364, 390, 394, 395, 413, 455.
+
+  Wilder, Roger, 531, 534.
+
+  Wilkinson, Ed., master of the Falcon, 410, 412.
+
+  Willett, Thomas, agent at Penobscot, 395.
+
+  Williams, Roger, 369 _et seq._
+    Pacifies Indians, 434, 515.
+
+  Williams, Thomas, 533, 538.
+
+  Willson, Mr., surgeon, 430.
+
+  Wilson, John, 332.
+
+  Wincot, Jacob, 51.
+
+  Winnisimmet, 289.
+
+  Winslow, Edward, 62.
+    Visits Massasoit, 122.
+    Visits Captain Huddleston, 151.
+    Brings cattle, 189.
+    Comes from England, 230.
+    Calls Lyford a knave, 236.
+    Goes up the Kennebec, 247.
+    Mentioned, 134, 177, 191, 208, 216, 234, 242, 244, 251, 278, 300,
+      312, 319, 329, 333, 336, 337, 344, 346, 350, 357, 380, 384,
+      392-394, 408, 442, 446, 452, 513, 527.
+    Chosen governor, 366, 409, 507.
+    In England, 389.
+    Petition of, 390.
+    Family, 531, 535.
+
+  Winslow, Elizabeth, 531.
+
+  Winslow, Gilbert, 533, 538.
+
+  Winslow, Josias, 452.
+
+  Winthrop, John, 330-332, 342.
+    Letters from, 354, 417, 420, 427.
+    Mentioned, 382-384, 399, 446, 504, 525.
+
+  Wollaston, Captain, 283.
+    His ventures, 284.
+
+  Worstenholme, Sir John, 43, 45, 47.
+
+  Wraight, Henry, 256.
+
+
+  Yarmouth, 444, 445.
+
+  Yeardley, Sir Geo., 47.
+
+  Yonge, Joseph, 435.
+
+  Yorkshire, 13.
+
+
+  Zealand, 17.
+
+  Ziska, 25.
+
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] The Hon. Charles Francis Adams.
+
+[B] Lib. 2 Chap. 22.
+
+[C] In the text, parentheses are used frequently, apparently in place of
+commas. For this reason, many are omitted in the reprint.
+
+[D] Acts & Mon: pag. 1587. editi: 2.
+
+[E] Ens: lib: 6. Chap. 42.
+
+[F] Pag. 421.
+
+[G] A note of the author at this place, written subsequent to this
+portion of the narrative, on the reverse pages of his History.
+
+[H] All these and subsequent passages are quoted from the Geneva version
+of the Bible.
+
+[I] Em: meter: lib: 25. col. 119.
+
+[J] The reformed churches shapen much neerer y^e primitive patterne
+_then England_, for they cashered y^e Bishops w^ith al their courts,
+cannons, and ceremoneis, at the first; and left them amongst y^e popish
+tr.... to [=c]h w^ch they pertained. (The last word in the note is
+uncertain in the MS.)
+
+[K] Goulden booke, &c.
+
+[L] S^r Robert Nanton.
+
+[M] NOTE.--O sacred bond, whilst inviollably preserved! how sweete and
+precious were the fruits that flowed from y^e same, but when this
+fidelity decayed, then their ruine approached. O that these anciente
+members had not dyed, or been dissipated, (if it had been the will of
+God) or els that this holy care and constante faithfullnes had still
+lived, and remained with those that survived, and were in times
+afterwards added unto them. But (alass) that subtill serpente hath
+slylie wound in himselfe under faire pretences of necessitie and y^e
+like, to untwiste these sacred bonds and tyes, and as it were insensibly
+by degrees to dissolve, or in a great measure to weaken, y^e same. I
+have been happy, in my first times, to see, and with much comforte to
+injoye, the blessed fruits of this sweete communion, but it is now a
+parte of my miserie in old age, to find and feele y^e decay and wante
+therof (in a great measure), and with greefe and sorrow of hart to
+lamente & bewaile y^e same. And for others warning and admonnition, and
+my owne humiliation, doe I hear note y^e same.
+
+[The above reflections of the author were penned at a later period, on
+the reverse pages of his History, at this place.]
+
+[N] Bishops.
+
+[O] M^r. Tho: Weston, &c.
+
+[P] _Yowthers_ in the manuscript, an illegibly written word, doubtless
+intended for "y^e others."
+
+[Q] This word is enclosed in brackets in the manuscript.
+
+[R] In Governor Bradford's Collection of Letters, these subscribers are
+thus wrote out at length: SAMUEL FULLER, WILLIAM BRADFORD, ISAAC
+ALLERTON, ED. WINSLOW.--_Prince._
+
+[S] June 11. O. S. is Lord's day, and therefore 't is likely the date of
+this letter should be June 10, the same with the date of the letter
+following.--_Prince._
+
+[T] He was a minister.
+
+[U] Of some 60 tune.
+
+[V] Heb. 11.
+
+[W] This was about 22. of July.
+
+[X] It was well for them y^t this was not accepted.
+
+[Y] This letter is omitted in Governor Bradford's _Collection of
+Letters._--_Prince._
+
+[Z] In Governor Bradford's _Collection of Letters_, this is Edward
+Southworth.--_Prince._
+
+[AA] He was governour in y^e biger ship, & M^r. Cushman assistante.
+
+[AB] I thinke he was deceived in these things.
+
+[AC] This was found true afterward.
+
+[AD] In the manuscript it is "strive dayly," but a pen has been drawn
+through the latter word.
+
+[AE] For Governor Bradford's list of passengers in the Mayflower, see
+Appendix, No. I.
+
+[AF] Because y^ey tooke much of y^t fishe ther.
+
+[AG] Epist: 53.
+
+[AH] Act. 28.
+
+[AI] Deu: 26. 5, 7.
+
+[AJ] 107 Psa: v. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8.
+
+[AK] Which was this author him selfe.
+
+[AL] Page 17.
+
+[AM] _Thing_ in the manuscript
+
+[AN] She came y^e 9. to y^e Cap.
+
+[AO] Nay, they were faine to spare y^e shipe some to carry her home.
+
+[AP] _Yeeled_ in the manuscript.
+
+[AQ] _Adventures_ in the manuscript.
+
+[AR] I know not w^ch way.
+
+[AS] _Adventures_ in the manuscript.
+
+[AT] See how his promisss is fulfild.
+
+[AU] _But y^e_ [he] _left not his own men a bite of bread._
+
+[AV] The number is repeated in the Ms.
+
+[AW] Mr. Hunter writes, "Here is an error in Bradford's pagination. He
+passes from 79 to 90. No part of the manuscript is here lost." 79 is
+repeated in the paging.
+
+[AX] _W^th_ in the manuscript.
+
+[AY] _They_ in the MS.
+
+[AZ] I may not here omite how, notwithstand all their great paines &
+industrie, and y^e great hops of a large cropp, the Lord seemed to
+blast, & take away the same, and to threaten further & more sore famine
+unto them, by a great drought which continued from y^e 3. weeke in May,
+till about y^e midle of July, without any raine, and with great heat
+(for y^e most parte), insomuch as y^e corne begane to wither away,
+though it was set with fishe, the moysture wherof helped it much. Yet at
+length it begane to languish sore, and some of y^e drier grounds were
+partched like withered hay, part wherof was never recovered. Upon which
+they sett a parte a solemne day of humilliation, to seek y^e Lord by
+humble & fervente prayer, in this great distrese. And he was pleased to
+give them a gracious & speedy answer, both to their owne, & the Indeans
+admiration, that lived amongest them. For all y^e morning, and greatest
+part of the day, it was clear weather & very hotte, and not a cloud or
+any signe of raine to be seen, yet toward evening it begane to overcast,
+and shortly after to raine, with shuch sweete and gentle showers, as
+gave them cause of rejoyceing, & blesing God. It came, without either
+wind, or thunder, or any violence, and by degreese in y^t abundance, as
+that y^e earth was thorowly wete and soked therwith. Which did so
+apparently revive & quicken y^e decayed corne & other fruits, as was
+wonderfull to see, and made y^e Indeans astonished to behold; and
+afterwards the Lord sent them shuch seasonable showers, with enterchange
+of faire warme weather, as, through his blessing, caused a fruitfull &
+liberall harvest, to their no small comforte and rejoycing. For which
+mercie (in time conveniente) they also sett aparte a day of
+thanksgiveing. This being overslipt in its place, I thought meet here to
+inserte y^e same.
+
+[The above is written on the reverse of page 103 of the original, and
+should properly be inserted here. This passage, "being overslipt in its
+place," the author at first wrote it, or the most of it, under the
+preceding year; but, discovering his error before completing it, drew
+his pen across it, and wrote beneath, "This is to be here rased out, and
+is to be placed on page 103, wher it is inserted."]
+
+[BA] _On._
+
+[BB] I. R.
+
+[BC] This proved rather, a propheti, then advice.
+
+[BD] _Contend_ in the manuscript.
+
+[BE] In MS. also 145.
+
+[BF] In MS. also 146.
+
+[BG] He dyed afterwards at Bristoll, in y^e time of the warrs, of y^e
+sicknes in y^t place.
+
+[BH] With her flages, & streamers, pendents, & wastcloaths, &c.
+
+[BI] _And_ is repeated in the MS.
+
+[BJ] _Adventures_ in the manuscript.
+
+[BK] He means Mr. Robinson.
+
+[BL] But this lasted not long, they had now provided Lyford & others to
+send over.
+
+[BM] It is worthy to be observed, how y^e Lord doth chaing times &
+things; for what is now more plentifull then wine? and that of y^e best,
+coming from Malago, y^e Cannaries, and other places, sundry ships lading
+in a year. So as ther is now more cause to complaine of y^e excess and
+y^e abuse of wine (through mens corruption) even to drunkennes, then of
+any defecte or wante of the same. Witnes this year 1646. The good Lord
+lay not y^e sins & unthankfullnes of men to their charge in this
+perticuler.
+
+[BN] This was John Oldome & his like.
+
+[BO] M^r. Westons men.
+
+[BP] _Notabe_ in MS.
+
+[BQ] Plin: lib: 18. chap. 2.
+
+[BR] Of wh^ch were many witneses.
+
+[BS] Jer. 41. 6.
+
+[BT] 121 is repeated in the paging of the original.
+
+[BU] _Inurious_ in MS.
+
+[BV] _Receive_ in the manuscript.
+
+[BW] This was Lyford himselfe.
+
+[BX] _Is it not_ in the MS.
+
+[BY] _Bet-_ in MS.
+
+[BZ] If I mistake not, it was not much less. [30^li in the manuscript.]
+
+[CA] First written as in the text, then altered to _standerss_.
+
+[CB] Note.
+
+[CC] Here occurs another error in the paging of the original; 142 is
+omitted.
+
+[CD] Below are the names of the adventurers subscribed to this paper,
+taken from Bradford's Letter-Book, 1 Mass. Hist. Coll., III. 48; being
+forty-two in number. The names of six of these persons are found
+subsequently among the members of the Massachusetts Company, viz. John
+White, John Pocock, Thomas Goffe, Samuel Sharpe, John Revell, and Thomas
+Andrews. Mr. Haven, who edited the Records of the Massachusetts Company,
+is of opinion that the first person on the list is the celebrated
+clergyman of Dorchester, the reputed author of the Planter's Plea. Emnu.
+Alltham is probably the same person named in the Council Records, under
+date January 21. 1622-3: "Emanuel Altum to command the Pinnace built for
+Mr. Peirce's Plantation." Smith speaks of "Captaine _Altom_" as
+commanding this vessell, but Morton says the name of the master of the
+Little James was Mr. Bridges, who it appears was drowned at Damariscove,
+in March, 1624. See Coll. of the Amer. Antiq. Soc., III. 26, 62,
+Preface; Felt's MS. Memoranda from the Council Records; Smith's Generall
+Historie, p. 239; Morton's Memorial, p. 48.
+
+  John White,
+  John Pocock,
+  Robert Kean,
+  Edward Bass,
+  William Hobson,
+  William Penington,
+  William Quarles,
+  Daniel Poynton,
+  Richard Andrews,
+  Newman Rookes,
+  Henry Browning,
+  Richard Wright,
+  John Ling,
+  Thomas Goffe,
+  Samuel Sharpe,
+  Robert Holland,
+  James Sherley,
+  Thomas Mott,
+  Thomas Fletcher,
+  Timothy Hatherly,
+  Thomas Brewer,
+  John Thorned,
+  Myles Knowles,
+  William Collier,
+  John Revell,
+  Peter Gudburn,
+  Emnu. Alltham,
+  John Beauchamp,
+  Thomas Hudson,
+  Thomas Andrews,
+  Thomas Ward,
+  Fria. Newbald,
+  Thomas Heath,
+  Joseph Tilden,
+  William Perrin,
+  Eliza Knight,
+  Thomas Coventry,
+  Robert Allden,
+  Lawrence Anthony,
+  John Knight,
+  Matthew Thornhill,
+  Thomas Millsop.
+
+
+[CE] The orthography of some of these words differs from the modern way
+of spelling them; and we have no means of ascertaining the accuracy of
+Bradford's copy from the original letter. This passage may be rendered
+thus:--
+
+"Noble, worshipful, wise, and prudent Lords, the Governor and
+Councillors residing in New Plymouth, our very dear friends:--The
+Director and Council of New Netherland wish to your Lordships,
+worshipful, wise, and prudent, happiness in Christ Jesus our Lord, with
+prosperity and health, in soul and body."
+
+[CF] Nov. 6. 1627. Page 238. [Reference is here made to the page of the
+original manuscript.]
+
+[CG] 155 omitted in original MS.--COM.
+
+[CH] Another leter of his, that should have bene placed before:--
+
+We cannot but take notice how y^e Lord hath been pleased to crosse our
+proseedings, and caused many disasters to befale us therin. I conceive
+y^e only reason to be, we, or many of us, aimed at other ends then Gods
+glorie; but now I hope y^t cause is taken away; the bargen being fully
+concluded, as farr as our powers will reach, and confirmed under our
+hands & seals, to M^r. Allerton & y^e rest of his & your copartners. But
+for my owne parte, I confess as I was loath to hinder y^e full
+confirming of it, being y^e first propounder ther of at our meeting; so
+on y^e other side, I was as unwilling to set my hand to y^e sale, being
+y^e receiver of most part of y^e adventurs, and a second causer of much
+of y^e ingagments; and one more threatened, being most envied & aimed at
+(if they could find any stepe to ground their malice on) then any other
+whosoever. I profess I know no just cause they ever had, or have, so to
+doe; neither shall it ever be proved y^t I have wronged them or any of
+y^e adventurers, wittingly or willingly, one peny in y^e disbursing of
+so many pounds in those 2. years trouble. No, y^e sole cause why they
+maligne me (as I & others conceived) was y^t I would not side with them
+against you, & the going over of y^e Leyden people. But as I then card
+not, so now I litle fear what they can doe; yet charge & trouble I know
+they may cause me to be at. And for these reasons, I would gladly have
+perswaded the other 4. to have sealed to this bargaine, and left me out,
+but they would not; so rather then it should faile, M^r. Alerton having
+taken so much pains, I have sealed with y^e rest; with this proviso &
+promise of his, y^t if any trouble arise hear, you are to bear halfe y^e
+charge. Wherfore now I doubt not but you will give your generallitie
+good contente, and setle peace amongst your selves, and peace with the
+natives; and then no doubt but y^e God of Peace will blese your going
+out & your returning, and cause all y^t you sett your hands unto to
+prosper; the which I shall ever pray y^e Lord to grante if it be his
+blessed will. Asuredly unless y^e Lord be mercifull unto us & y^e whole
+land in generall, our estate & condition is farr worse then yours.
+Wherfore if y^e Lord should send persecution or trouble hear, (which is
+much to be feared,) and so should put into our minds to flye for refuge,
+I know no place safer then to come to you, (for all Europ is at varience
+one with another, but cheefly w^th us,) not doubting but to find such
+frendly entertainmente as shall be honest & conscionable,
+notwithstanding what hath latly passed. For I profess in y^e word of an
+honest man, had it not been to procure your peace & quiet from some
+turbulent spirites hear, I would not have sealed to this last deed;
+though you would have given me all my adventure and debte ready downe.
+Thus desiring y^e Lord to blesse & prosper you, I cease ever resting,
+
+  Your faithfull & loving friend,
+  to my power,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Des: 27.
+
+[The above letter was written on the reverse of page 154 of the original
+manuscript.]
+
+[CI] Peag.
+
+[CJ] 1629, May 25, the first letter concerning the former company of
+Leyden people.--_Prince._
+
+[CK] 1629-30, March 8th, the second letter concerning the latter company
+of Leyden people.--_Prince._
+
+[CL] This word is here substituted for _recovering_ in the manuscript,
+on the authority of Bradford's Letter-Book.
+
+[CM] This paragraph is written on the reverse of the page immediately
+preceding, in the original manuscript.
+
+[CN] _Fractions_ in the manuscript.
+
+[CO] Thomas Willett.
+
+[CP] 177 is omitted in MS.
+
+[CQ] Oporto, called by the Dutch _Port a port_.
+
+[CR] Hubbard, on page 101, notices the execution of Billington as taking
+place "about September" of this year. "The murtherer expected that,
+either for want of power to execute for capital offences, or for want of
+people to increase the plantation, he should have his life spared; but
+justice otherwise determined, and rewarded him, the first murtherer of
+his neighbour there, with the deserved punishment of death, for a
+warning to others." The first offence committed in the colony was by
+Billington, in 1621, who, for contempt of the Captain's lawful command,
+with opprobious speeches, was adjudged to have his neck and heels tied
+together. Prince, I. 103, from Bradford's pocket-book.
+
+[CS] This paragraph was written on the reverse of page 180 of the
+original manuscript, near this place.
+
+[CT] W^th in manuscript.
+
+[CU] This was about y^e selling y^e ship in Spaine.
+
+[CV] They were too short in resting on M^r. Hatherleys honest word, for
+his order to discharg them from y^e Friendship's accounte, when he and
+M^r. Allerton made y^e bargane with them, and they delivered them the
+rest of the goods; and therby gave them oppertunitie also to receive all
+the fraight of boath viages, without seeing an order (to have such
+power) under their hands in writing, which they never doubted of, seeing
+he affirmed he had power; and they both knew his honestie, and y^t he
+was spetially imployed for their agente at this time. And he was as
+shorte in resting on a verball order from them; which was now denyed,
+when it came to a perticuler of loss; but he still affirmed the same.
+But they were both now taught how to deale in y^e world, espetially with
+marchants, in such cases. But in y^e end this light upon these here
+also, for M^r. Allerton had gott all into his owne hand, and M^r.
+Hatherley was not able to pay it, except they would have uterlie undon
+him, as y^e sequell will manifest.
+
+[CW] This comission is abused; he never had any for shuch end, as they
+well knew, nether had they any to pay this money, nor would have paid a
+peny, if they had not pleased for some other respecte.
+
+[CX] _o_ in MS.
+
+[CY] The last two words not found in the MS. but obviously intended.
+
+[CZ] About y^e Whit-Angell they all mette at a certaine taverne in
+London, wher they had a diner prepared, and had a conference with a
+factore aboute selling of her in Spaine, or at Port a porte, as hath
+been before mentioned; as M^r. Hatherley manifested, & M^r. Allerton
+could not deney.
+
+[DA] Mr. Winslow deposed, y^e same time, before y^e Gov^r afore said,
+&c. that when he came into England, and the partners inquired of y^e
+success of y^e Whit Angell, which should have been laden w^th bass and
+so sent for Port. of Porting-gall, and their ship & goods to be sould;
+having informed them that they were like to faile in their lading of
+bass, that then M^r. James Sherley used these termes: Feck, we must make
+one accounte of all; and ther upon presed him, as agente for y^e
+partners in Neu-England, to accepte y^e said ship Whit-Angell, and her
+accounte, into y^e joynte partner-ship; which he refused, for many
+reasons; and after received instructions from New-Engl: to refuse her if
+she should be offered, which instructions he shewed them; and wheras he
+was often pressed to accept her, he ever refused her, &c.
+
+[DB] So as a while before, wheras their great care was how to pay the
+purchase, and those other few debts which were upon them, now it was
+with them as it was some times with Saule's father, who left careing for
+y^e Asses, and sorrowed for his sonn. 1. Sam. 10. 2. So that which
+before they looked at as a heavie burthen, they now esteeme but a small
+thing and a light mater, in comparison of what was now upon them. And
+thus y^e Lord oftentimes deals with his people to teach them, and humble
+them, that he may doe them good in y^e later end.
+
+[DC] This word is obscure in MS.
+
+[DD] The above paragraph was written on the reverse of page 188 of the
+original manuscript.
+
+[DE] The following account of Sir Christopher Gardiner, with the
+documents accompanying it, extending to page 357, does not appear in the
+text of the original manuscript,--having been perhaps inadvertently
+omitted,--but was written on the reverse of pages 189-191.
+
+[DF] That is, in the original manuscript.
+
+[DG] _Rea_-in the manuscript.
+
+[DH] This letter was written on the reverse of folio 192 of the original
+manuscript, and may be properly inserted here.
+
+[DI] March 22.
+
+[DJ] The skin was sold at 14^s. and 15. y^e pound.
+
+[DK] Ther was cause enough of these feares, which arise by y^e
+underworking of some enemies to y^e churches here, by which this
+Co[=m]ission following was procured from his Ma^tie. (See this paper in
+appendix, No. 11.)
+
+[DL] And y^e skin at 14^s.
+
+[DM] That is, "If you please."
+
+[DN] The two paragraphs above were written on the reverse of folios 202
+and 203 of the original manuscript, under this year.
+
+[DO] Blank in the original.
+
+[DP] _They_ in MS.
+
+[DQ] Before this word in the margin appears a capital _N_.
+
+[DR] Not correctly cast; it should be 12530^li.
+
+[DS] 119 in MS.
+
+[DT] Ther is little trust to be given to their relations in these
+things.
+
+[DU] 120 in MS.
+
+[DV] Mr John Reinor.
+
+[DW] But by this means they did furnish them, & have still continued to
+doe.
+
+[DX] _Be_ in manuscript.
+
+[DY] But y^ey were carried to y^e West-Indeas.
+
+[DZ] _They_ in the manuscript.
+
+[EA] But staid it till y^e next year.
+
+[EB] And yet afterwards they laid claime to those parts in the
+controversie about Seacunk.
+
+[EC] Being about 40^li.
+
+[ED] And devided betweene them.
+
+[EE] 130 in MS.
+
+[EF] Which is Charles River may still be questioned.
+
+[EG] This was but to pretend advantage, for it could not be done,
+neither did it need.
+
+[EH] M^r. Chancey came to them in y^e year 1638. and staid till y^e
+later part of this year 1641.
+
+[EI] A leaf is here wanting in the original manuscript, it having been
+cut out.
+
+[EJ] Exod: 21. 22. Deu: 19. 11. Num: 35. 16. 18.
+
+[EK] "Confident"?
+
+[EL] _8_ in MS.
+
+[EM] _Conti[=c]_ in MS.
+
+[EN] _Solicitations_ in MS.
+
+[EO] This he means of y^e first adventures, all which were lost, as hath
+before been shown; and what he here writs is probable at least.
+
+[EP] Being the conclusion, as will be seen, of page 252 of the original.
+
+[EQ] Perhaps _write_ for _wrote_.
+
+[ER] _The_ in the manuscript.
+
+[ES] This was a misterie to them, for they heard nothing hereof from any
+side y^e last year, till now y^e conclution was past, and bonds given.
+
+[ET] Substituted for _sundry_ on the authority of the original MS.
+Records.
+
+[EU] _Comander_ in the MS.
+
+[EV] Written 2 in MS.
+
+[EW] Who dyed 3. of Octob. 1655.
+
+[EX] The following memoranda are in a later hand.
+
+[EY] Obviously intended for Cushman.
+
+[EZ] See page 381. This document was written on the reverse of folio 201
+et seq. of the original manuscript, and for the sake of convenience is
+transferred to this place.
+
+[FA] A superfluous _and_ comes after "observed" in the manuscript.
+
+[FB] _Edwards_ in the manuscript.
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+Spelling is inconsistent and is left unchanged from the original
+printing of this book. The following are some common examples
+of questionable text.
+
+  Page 16
+  y^e not suffered to goe,
+  [they?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 24
+  any other riches whatsoever. And at lenght they came
+  [length?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 41
+  of our company to adyone him selfe; to the care & discretion
+  [adyone] possibly ajoin?
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 76
+  to rejecte y^e vioage. Judge therfore we beseech you indiferently
+  [voiage?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 84
+  to proceede on her viage. Those that went bak were
+  [voiage?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 98
+  who were salvages; but they fled from them, & ra[=n]e
+  [savages?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 113
+  and anone cursing his felows, saing he had done this
+  [anone] anyone?
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 156
+  and he would have borrowed a hh of corne of y^e Indeans,
+  hh is probably hogshead. Both 'h's have a bar thru the ascender.
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 208
+  somwaht blanke at it, but after some weeks, when
+  [somwaht?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 210
+  their doings & pactises hear; that it was evident they
+  [pactises?]
+  Unchanged
+
+  Page 214
+  this mische[=c]ous [mische[=e]ous]& most false slander: That because
+  Unable to tell from the image whether it is a 'c' or 'e'.
+  Left it as a [=c].
+
+  Page 304
+  And think not with 50^li. pound a yeare sent you over, to
+  Duplication of li and pound.
+  Unchanged
+
+  Page 351
+  maister & ye rest of y^e company were gone from
+  ye rather than y^e here.
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 371
+  of y^e season, and the fear y^e Indans were in of
+  [Indans?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 391
+  and y^e English Collonies, to right and defend them selves
+  [fight?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 416
+  knew to be an-English man, as also those y^t were
+  Odd use of hyphen.
+  Unchanged.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRADFORD'S HISTORY OF 'PLIMOTH
+PLANTATION'***
+
+
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+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+    <p>
+      Title: Bradford's History of 'Plimoth Plantation'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From the Original Manuscript. With a Report of the Proceedings Incident to
+      the Return of the Manuscript to Massachusetts
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Author: William Bradford
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Release Date: March 29, 2008 [eBook #24950]
+    </p>
+<p>
+      Last Updated: April 14, 2019
+</p>
+    <p>
+      Language: English
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRADFORD'S HISTORY OF 'PLIMOTH
+      PLANTATION'***
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &nbsp;
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Leonard Johnson,<br /> and the
+      Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
+      (http://www.pgdp.net)
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      &nbsp;
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      Transcriber's Notes:
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Numbers (Roman and Arabic) in square brackets, [29], in the right margin
+      represent original manuscript pages.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Letters in Square brackets, [AB], represent a link to a footnote located
+      at the end of the book.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      m&#772; and n&#772; sometimes are used to represent a double letter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      16<sup>li</sup>. represents 16 pounds in monetary terms. The original
+      manuscript used a middle dot before and after the numbers, but this
+      publisher used only a single period/stop after the number.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The 'li' appears to mean libra and in this book the 'l' is crossed with a
+      middle bar or stroke. It was very difficult to represent in a Latin-1
+      text, so 'li' must suffice.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Most often y, such as y<sup>e</sup>, represents a thorn and the word is
+      'the'. Sometimes you will encounter the actual word 'the'.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This book is composed of many letters written by a number of authors and
+      each writer uses their own spellings and abbreviations, which was common
+      for the time in which they were written.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Spelling is inconsistent and is left unchanged from the original printing
+      of this book.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &nbsp;
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <p>
+      &nbsp;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &nbsp;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &nbsp;
+    </p>
+    <h1>
+      BRADFORD'S HISTORY<br /> "OF PLIMOTH PLANTATION."
+    </h1>
+    <div class="center">
+      <p>
+        <span class="smcap">From the Original Manuscript</span>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        WITH A REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS INCIDENT<br /> TO THE RETURN OF THE
+        MANUSCRIPT<br /> TO MASSACHUSETTS.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        &nbsp;
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        &nbsp;
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        PRINTED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF THE<br /> COMMONWEALTH,<br />
+        BY ORDER OF THE GENERAL COURT.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        BOSTON:<br /> WRIGHT &amp; POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS,<br /> 18
+        <span class="smcap">Post Office Square</span>.<br /> 1898.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+      <img src="images/fig08.jpg" width="400" height="626"
+      alt="Cover of Manuscript" title="" /> <span class="caption">Cover of
+      Manuscript</span>
+    </div>
+    <!--  Table of Contents added by Transcriber. Not in original book. -->
+    <h2>
+      <ins title="Not in original book.">Table of Contents</ins>
+    </h2>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#PROCEEDINGS">PROCEEDINGS OF THE LEGISLATURE</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE">JOURNAL OF THE SENATE.<br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;Monday,
+            May 24, 1897.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE_1">JOURNAL OF THE SENATE.<br />
+            &nbsp;&nbsp;Wednesday, May 26, 1897.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#DECREE">DECREE OF THE CONSISTORIAL AND EPISCOPAL COURT OF
+        LONDON</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#RECEIPT_BAY">RECEIPT OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#RECEIPT_WOL">RECEIPT OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#ADDRESS_HOAR">ADDRESS OF SENATOR HOAR.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#ADDRESS_BAY">ADDRESS OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#ADDRESS_WOL">ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#ACKNOWLEDGMENT">ACKNOWLEDGMENT</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#Of_Plimoth_Plantation">Of Plimoth Plantation.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#Chapter_a">1. Chapter.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#Chap_b">2. Chap.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#The_3_Chap">The 3. Chap.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#The_4_Chap">The 4. Chap.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#The_5_Chap">The 5. Chap.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#The_6_Chap">The 6. Chap.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#The_7_Chap">The 7. Chap.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#The_8_Chap">The 8. Chap.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#The_9_Chap">The 9. Chap.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#The_10_Chap">The 10. Chap.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#The_2_Booke">The 2. Booke.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1620">Anno Dom: 1620.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1621">Anno Dom: 1621.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1622">Anno Dom: 1622.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1623">Anno Dom: 1623.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1624">Anno Dom: 1624.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1625">Anno Dom: 1625.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1626">Anno Dom: 1626.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1627">Anno Dom: 1627.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1628">Anno Dom: 1628.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1629">Anno Dom: 1629.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1630">Anno Dom: 1630.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1631">Anno Dom: 1631.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1632">Anno Dom: 1632.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1633">Anno Dom: 1633.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1634">Anno Dom: 1634.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1635">Anno Dom: 1635.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1636">Anno Dom: 1636.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1637">Anno Dom: 1637.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1638">Anno Dom: 1638.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1639">Anno Dom: 1639-40.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1641">Anno Dom: 1641.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1642">Anno Dom: 1642.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1643">Anno Dom: 1643.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1644">Anno Dom: 1644.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1645">Anno Dom: 1645.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1646">Anno Dom: 1646.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#a1647">Anno Dom: 1647-8.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#APPENDIX">APPENDIX.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#no_1">No. I.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            <a href="#No_II">No. II.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#INDEX">INDEX.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <!--  End New TOC. -->
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      INTRODUCTION.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      To many people the return of the Bradford Manuscript is a fresh discovery
+      of colonial history. By very many it has been called, incorrectly, the log
+      of the "Mayflower." Indeed, that is the title by which it is described in
+      the decree of the Consistorial Court of London. The fact is, however, that
+      Governor Bradford undertook its preparation long after the arrival of the
+      Pilgrims, and it cannot be properly considered as in any sense a log or
+      daily journal of the voyage of the "Mayflower." It is, in point of fact, a
+      history of the Plymouth Colony, chiefly in the form of annals, extending
+      from the inception of the colony down to the year 1647. The matter has
+      been in print since 1856, put forth through the public spirit of the
+      Massachusetts Historical Society, which secured a transcript of the
+      document from London, and printed it in the society's proceedings of the
+      above-named year. As thus presented, it had copious notes, prepared with
+      great care by the late Charles Deane; but these are not given in the
+      present volume, wherein only such comments as seem indispensable to a
+      proper understanding of the story have been made, leaving whatever <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span>elaboration
+      may seem desirable to some future private enterprise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is a matter of regret that no picture of Governor Bradford exists. Only
+      Edward Winslow of the Mayflower Company left an authenticated portrait of
+      himself, and that, painted in England, is reproduced in this volume. In
+      those early days Plymouth would have been a poor field for portrait
+      painters. The people were struggling for their daily bread rather than for
+      to-morrow's fame through the transmission of their features to posterity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The volume of the original manuscript, as it was presented to the Governor
+      of the Commonwealth and is now deposited in the State Library, is a folio
+      measuring eleven and one-half inches in length, seven and seven-eighths
+      inches in width and one and one-half inches in thickness. It is bound in
+      parchment, once white, but now grimy and much the worse for wear, being
+      somewhat cracked and considerably scaled. Much scribbling, evidently by
+      the Bradford family, is to be seen upon its surface, and out of the
+      confusion may be read the name of Mercy Bradford, a daughter of the
+      governor. On the inside of the front cover is pasted a sheet of manilla
+      paper, on which is written the following:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        "<i>Consistory Court of the Diocese of London</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        In the matter of the application of The Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard,
+        Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span>in London of the United States
+        of America, for the delivery to him, on behalf of the President and
+        Citizens of the said States, of the original manuscript book entitled
+        and known as The Log of the Mayflower.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Produced in Court this 25th day of March, 1897, and marked with the
+        letter A.
+      </p>
+      <div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width:14em; border:0;">
+        <div class="center">
+          HARRY W. LEE
+        </div>
+        <div style="text-align: right;">
+          Registrar.
+        </div>
+        <div style="text-align: left;">
+          1 Deans Court
+        </div>
+        <div class="center">
+          Doctors Commons"
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <p>
+      Then come two manilla leaves, on both sides of which is written the decree
+      of the Consistorial Court. These leaves and the manilla sheet pasted on
+      the inside of the front cover were evidently inserted after the decree was
+      passed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Next comes a leaf (apparently the original first leaf of the book), and on
+      it are verses, signed "A. M.," on the death of Mrs. Bradford. The next is
+      evidently one of the leaves of the original book. At the top of the page
+      is written the following:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        This book was rit by govener William bradford and given to his son mager
+        William Bradford and by him to his son mager John Bradford. rit by me
+        Samuel bradford mach 20, 1705.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      At the bottom of the same page the name John Bradford appears in different
+      handwriting, evidently written with the book turned wrong side up.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The next is a leaf bearing the following, in the handwriting of Thomas
+      Prince:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="ltr_dt">
+        <span class="smcap">Tuesday</span>, June 4&mdash;1728
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Calling at <i>Major John Bradford's</i> at Kingston near Plimouth, son
+        of Major Wm. Bradford formerly Dep Gov'r of Plimouth Colony, who was
+        eldest son of Wm. Bradford Esq their 2nd Gov'r, &amp; author of this
+        History; ye sd Major John Bradford gave me <i>several manuscript
+        octavoes</i> wh he assured me were written with his said Grandfather
+        Gov'r Bradford's own hand. He also gave me a <i>little Pencil Book</i>
+        wrote with a Blew lead Pencil by his sd Father ye Dep Gov'r. And He also
+        told me yt He had lent &amp; only lent his sd Grandfather Gov'r
+        Bradford's History of Plimouth Colony wrote by his own Hand also, to
+        judg Sewall; and desired me to get it of Him or find it out, &amp; take
+        out of it what I thought proper for my New-England Chronology: wh I
+        accordingly obtained, and This is ye sd History: wh I found wrote in ye
+        same Handwriting as ye Octavo manuscripts above sd.
+      </p>
+      <p class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">Thomas Prince</span>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        N.B. I also mentioned to him my Desire of lodging this History in ye New
+        England Library of Prints &amp; manuscripts, wh I had been then
+        collecting for 23 years, to wh He signified his willingness&mdash;only
+        yt He might have the Perusal of it while He lived.
+      </p>
+      <p class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">T. Prince.</span>
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <p>
+      Following this, on the same page, is Thomas Prince's printed book-mark, as
+      follows:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      This Book belongs to<br /> The New-England-Library,<br /> Begun to be
+      collected by Thomas Prince, upon<br /> his entring Harvard-College, July 6<br />
+      1703; and was given by
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On the lower part of a blank space which follows the word "by" is written:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>It now belongs to the Bishop of London's Library at Fulham.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There are evidences that this leaf did not belong to the original book,
+      but was inserted by Mr. Prince.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the top of the first page of the next leaf, which was evidently one of
+      the original leaves of the book, is written in Samuel Bradford's hand,
+      "march 20 Samuel Bradford;" and just below there appears, in Thomas
+      Prince's handwriting, the following:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        But major Bradford tells me &amp; assures me that He only lent this Book
+        of his Grandfather's to Mr. Sewall &amp; that it being of his
+        Grandfather's own hand writing He had so high a value of it that he
+        would never Part with ye Property, but would lend it to me &amp; desired
+        me to get it, which I did, &amp; write down this that sd Major Bradford
+        and his Heirs may be known to be the right owners.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Below this, also in Thomas Prince's handwriting, appears this line:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        "Page 243 missing when ye Book came into my Hands at 1st."
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Just above the inscription by Prince there is a line or two of writing,
+      marked over in ink so carefully as to be wholly undecipherable. On the
+      reverse page of this leaf and on the first page of the next are written
+      Hebrew words, with definitions. These are all in Governor <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span>Bradford's
+      handwriting. On the next page appears the following:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      <i>Though I am&nbsp; growne&nbsp; aged, yet I have had a long-<br /> ing
+      desire, to see with&nbsp; my own eyes, something of<br /> that&nbsp; most
+      ancient language,&nbsp; and&nbsp; holy&nbsp; tongue,<br /> in which&nbsp;
+      the Law, and&nbsp; oracles&nbsp; of&nbsp; God&nbsp; were<br /> write; and
+      in which God, and angels, spake to<br /> the holy patriarks, of old time;
+      and what<br /> names were&nbsp; given&nbsp; to things,&nbsp; from the<br />
+      creation. And though I ca&ntilde;ot attaine<br /> to much herein, yet I am
+      refreshed,<br /> to have seen some glimpse&nbsp; here-<br /> of; (as&nbsp;
+      Moses&nbsp; saw&nbsp; the Land<br /> of canan afarr of)&nbsp; my aime<br />
+      and desire is, to see how<br /> the words, and&nbsp; phrases<br /> lye in&nbsp;
+      the holy&nbsp; texte;<br /> and to dicerne some-<br /> what of the&nbsp;
+      same<br /> for&nbsp; my&nbsp; owne<br /> contente.</i><br /> &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;<br />
+      &mdash;&mdash;<br /> &mdash;<br /> J<br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Then begins the history proper, the first page of which is produced in
+      facsimile in this volume, slightly reduced. The ruled margins end with
+      page thirteen. From that page to the end of the book the writing varies
+      considerably, sometimes being quite coarse and in other places very fine,
+      some pages containing nearly a thousand words each. As a rule, the writing
+      is upon one side of the sheet only, but in entering notes and subsequent
+      thoughts the reverse is sometimes used. The last page number is 270, as
+      appears from the facsimile reproduction in this volume of that page. Page
+      270 is followed by two blank leaves; then on <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span>the second page of the next
+      leaf appears the list of names of those who came over in the "Mayflower,"
+      covering four pages and one column on the fifth page. The arrangement of
+      this matter is shown by the facsimile reproduction in this volume of the
+      first page of these names. Last of all there is a leaf of heavy double
+      paper, like the one in the front of the book containing the verses on the
+      death of Mrs. Bradford, and on this last leaf is written an index to a few
+      portions of the history.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For copy, there was used the edition printed in 1856 by the Massachusetts
+      Historical Society. The proof was carefully compared, word for word, with
+      the photographic <i>facsimile</i> issued in 1896 in both London and
+      Boston. The value of this comparison is evident in that a total of sixteen
+      lines of the original, omitted in the original first copy, is supplied in
+      this edition. As the work of the Historical Society could not be compared,
+      easily, with the original manuscript in London, these omissions, with
+      sundry minor errors in word and numeral, are not unreasonable. The curious
+      will be pleased to learn that the supplied lines are from the following
+      pages of the manuscript, viz.: page 122, eight lines; page 129, two lines;
+      the obverse of page 201, found on the last page of Appendix A, two lines;
+      page 219, two <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span>lines;
+      pages 239 and 258, one line each. The pages of the manuscript are
+      indicated in these printed pages by numerals in parentheses.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There are several errors in the paging of the original manuscript. Pages
+      105 and 106 are marked 145 and 146, and pages 219 and 220 are marked 119
+      and 120, respectively. Page 243 is missing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such as it is, the book is put forth that the public may know what manner
+      of men the Pilgrims were, through what perils and vicissitudes they
+      passed, and how much we of to-day owe to their devotion and determination.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="PROCEEDINGS" id="PROCEEDINGS"></a>PROCEEDINGS<br /> OF THE<br />
+      LEGISLATURE.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[xiii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      <a name="JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE" id="JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE"></a>JOURNAL OF
+      THE SENATE.
+    </h3>
+    <p class="center">
+      MONDAY, MAY 24, 1897.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The following message from His Excellency the Governor came up from the
+      House, to wit:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="ltr_dt">
+        <span class="smcap">Boston</span>, May 22, 1897.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <i>To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        I have the honor to call to your attention the fact that Wednesday, May
+        26, at 11 <span class="smcap">a.m.</span>, has been fixed as the date of
+        the formal presentation to the Governor of the Commonwealth of the
+        Bradford Manuscript History, recently ordered by decree of the
+        Consistory Court of the Diocese of London to be returned to the
+        Commonwealth of Massachusetts by the hands of the Honorable Thomas F.
+        Bayard, lately Ambassador at the Court of St. James; and to suggest for
+        the favorable consideration of your honorable bodies that the exercises
+        of presentation be held in the House of Representatives on the day and
+        hour above given, in the presence of a joint convention of the two
+        bodies and of invited guests and the public.
+      </p>
+      <p class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">Roger Wolcott.</span>
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <p>
+      Thereupon, on motion of Mr. Roe,&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Ordered</i>, That, in accordance with the suggestion of His Excellency
+      the Governor, a joint convention of the two branches be held in the
+      chamber of the House <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[xiv]</a></span>of
+      Representatives, on Wednesday, May the twenty-sixth, at eleven o'clock
+      <span class="smcap">a.m.</span>, for the purpose of witnessing the
+      exercises of the formal presentation, to the Governor of the Commonwealth,
+      of the Bradford Manuscript History, recently ordered by decree of the
+      Consistory Court of the Diocese of London to be returned to the
+      Commonwealth of Massachusetts by the hands of the Honorable Thomas F.
+      Bayard, lately Ambassador at the Court of St. James; and further
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Ordered</i>, That the clerks of the two branches give notice to His
+      Excellency the Governor of the adoption of this order.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sent down for concurrence. (It was concurred with same date.)
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[xv]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      <a name="JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE_1" id="JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE_1"></a>JOURNAL
+      OF THE SENATE.
+    </h3>
+    <p class="center">
+      WEDNESDAY, MAY 26, 1897.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      <i>Joint Convention.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At eleven o'clock <span class="smcap">a.m.</span>, pursuant to assignment,
+      the two branches met in
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      <span class="smcap">Convention</span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      in the chamber of the House of Representatives.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On motion of Mr. Roe,&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Ordered</i>, That a committee, to consist of three members of the
+      Senate and eight members of the House of Representatives, be appointed, to
+      wait upon His Excellency the Governor and inform him that the two branches
+      are now in convention for the purpose of witnessing the exercises of the
+      formal presentation, to the Governor of the Commonwealth, of the Bradford
+      Manuscript History.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Messrs. Roe, Woodward and Gallivan, of the Senate, and Messrs. Pierce of
+      Milton, Bailey of Plymouth, Brown of Gloucester, Fairbank of Warren,
+      Bailey of Newbury, Sanderson of Lynn, Whittlesey of Pittsfield <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[xvi]</a></span>and
+      Bartlett of Boston, of the House, were appointed the committee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Mr. Roe, from the committee, afterwards reported that they had attended to
+      the duty assigned them, and that His Excellency the Governor had been
+      pleased to say that he received the message and should be pleased to wait
+      upon the Convention forthwith for the purpose named.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His Excellency the Governor, accompanied by His Honor the
+      Lieutenant-Governor and the Honorable Council, and by the Honorable Thomas
+      F. Bayard, lately Ambassador of the United States at the Court of St.
+      James's, the Honorable George F. Hoar, Senator from Massachusetts in the
+      Congress of the United States, and other invited guests, entered the
+      chamber.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, authorizing
+      the return of the manuscript and its delivery to the Governor, was read.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The President then presented the Honorable George F. Hoar, who gave an
+      account of the manuscript and of the many efforts that had been made to
+      secure its return.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Honorable Thomas F. Bayard was then introduced by the President, and
+      he formally presented the manuscript to His Excellency the Governor, who
+      accepted it in behalf of the Commonwealth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On motion of Mr. Bradford, the following order was adopted:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">[xvii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Whereas</i>, In the presence of the Senate and of the House of
+      Representatives in joint convention assembled, and in accordance with a
+      decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, the manuscript
+      of Bradford's "History of the Plimouth Plantation" has this day been
+      delivered to His Excellency the Governor of the Commonwealth by the
+      Honorable Thomas F. Bayard, lately Ambassador of the United States at the
+      Court of St. James's; and
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Whereas</i>, His Excellency the Governor has accepted the said
+      manuscript in behalf of the Commonwealth; therefore, be it
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Ordered</i>, That the Senate and the House of Representatives of the
+      Commonwealth of Massachusetts place on record their high appreciation of
+      the generous and gracious courtesy that prompted this act of international
+      good-will, and express their grateful thanks to all concerned therein, and
+      especially to the Lord Bishop of London, for the return to the
+      Commonwealth of this precious relic; and be it further
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Ordered</i>, That His Excellency the Governor be requested to transmit
+      an engrossed and duly authenticated copy of this order with its preamble
+      to the Lord Bishop of London.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His Excellency, accompanied by the other dignitaries, then withdrew, the
+      Convention was dissolved, and the Senate returned to its chamber.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Subsequently a resolve was passed (approved June <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_xviii" id="Page_xviii">[xviii]</a></span>10, 1897) providing
+      for the publication of the history from the original manuscript, together
+      with a report of the proceedings of the joint convention, such report to
+      be prepared by a committee consisting of one member of the Senate and two
+      members of the House of Representatives, and to include, so far as
+      practicable, portraits of His Excellency Governor Roger Wolcott, William
+      Bradford, the Honorable George F. Hoar, the Honorable Thomas F. Bayard,
+      the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Lord Bishop of London; facsimiles of
+      pages from the manuscript history, and a picture of the book itself;
+      copies of the decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London,
+      the receipt of the Honorable Thomas F. Bayard for the manuscript, and the
+      receipt sent by His Excellency the Governor to the Consistorial and
+      Episcopal Court; an account of the legislative action taken with reference
+      to the presentation and reception of the manuscript; the addresses of the
+      Honorable George F. Hoar, the Honorable Thomas F. Bayard and His
+      Excellency Governor Roger Wolcott; and such other papers and illustrations
+      as the committee might deem advisable; the whole to be printed under the
+      direction of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and the book distributed
+      by him according to directions contained in the resolve.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Senator Alfred S. Roe of Worcester and Representatives Francis C. Lowell
+      of Boston and Walter L. Bouv&eacute; of Hingham were appointed as the
+      committee.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xix" id="Page_xix">[xix]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="DECREE" id="DECREE"></a>DECREE<br /> OF THE<br /> <span
+      class="smcap">Consistorial and Episcopal</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Court
+      of London.</span>
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxi" id="Page_xxi">[xxi]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      DECREE.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      MANDELL by Divine Permission LORD BISHOP OF LONDON&mdash;To The Honorable
+      <span class="smcap">Thomas Francis Bayard</span> Ambassador Extraordinary
+      and Plenipotentiary to Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria at the
+      Court of Saint James's in London and To The Governor and Commonwealth of
+      Massachusetts in the United States of America Greeting&mdash;WHEREAS a
+      Petition has been filed in the Registry of Our Consistorial and Episcopal
+      Court of London by you the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard as
+      Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Her Most Gracious Majesty
+      Queen Victoria at the Court of Saint James's in London on behalf of the
+      President and Citizens of the United States of America wherein you have
+      alleged that there is in Our Custody as Lord Bishop of London a certain
+      Manuscript Book known as and entitled "The Log of the Mayflower"
+      containing an account as narrated by Captain William Bradford who was one
+      of the Company of Englishmen who left England in April 1620 in the ship
+      known as "The Mayflower" of the circumstances leading to the prior
+      Settlement of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxii" id="Page_xxii">[xxii]</a></span>that
+      Company at Leyden in Holland their return to England and subsequent
+      departure for New England their landing at Cape Cod in December 1620 their
+      Settlement at New Plymouth and their later history for several years they
+      being the Company whose Settlement in America is regarded as the first
+      real Colonisation of the New England States and wherein you have also
+      alleged that the said Manuscript Book had been for many years past and was
+      then deposited in the Library attached to Our Episcopal Palace at Fulham
+      in the County of Middlesex and is of the greatest interest importance and
+      value to the Citizens of the United States of America inasmuch as it is
+      one of the earliest records of their national History and contains much
+      valuable information in regard to the original Settlers in the States
+      their family history and antecedents and that therefore you earnestly
+      desired to acquire possession of the same for and on behalf of the
+      President and Citizens of the said United States of America AND WHEREIN
+      you have also alleged that you are informed that We as Lord Bishop of
+      London had fully recognised the value and interest of the said Manuscript
+      Book to the Citizens of the United States of America and the claims which
+      they have to its possession and that We were desirous of transferring it
+      to the said President and Citizens AND WHEREIN you have also alleged that
+      you are advised and believe that the Custody of documents in <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxiii" id="Page_xxiii">[xxiii]</a></span>the
+      nature of public or ecclesiastical records belonging to the See of London
+      is vested in the Consistorial Court of the said See and that any disposal
+      thereof must be authorised by an Order issued by the Judge of that
+      Honorable Court And that you therefore humbly prayed that the said
+      Honorable Court would deliver to you the said Manuscript Book on your
+      undertaking to use every means in your power for the safe transmission of
+      the said Book to the United States of America and its secure deposit and
+      custody in the Pilgrim Hall at New Plymouth or in such other place as may
+      be selected by the President and Senate of the said United States and upon
+      such conditions as to security and access by and on behalf of the English
+      Nation as that Honorable Court might determine AND WHEREAS the said
+      Petition was set down for hearing on one of the Court days in Hilary Term
+      to wit Thursday the Twenty fifth day of March One thousand eight hundred
+      and ninety seven in Our Consistorial Court in the Cathedral Church of
+      Saint Paul in London before The Right Worshipful Thomas Hutchinson
+      Tristram Doctor of Laws and one of Her Majesty's Counsel learned in the
+      Law Our Vicar General and Official Principal the Judge of the said Court
+      and you at the sitting of the said Court appeared by Counsel in support of
+      the Prayer of the said Petition and during the hearing thereof the said
+      Manuscript Book was produced in the said Court by Our legal <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxiv" id="Page_xxiv">[xxiv]</a></span>Secretary
+      and was then inspected and examined by the said Judge and evidence was
+      also given before the Court by which it appeared that the Registry at
+      Fulham Palace was a Public Registry for Historical and Ecclesiastical
+      Documents relating to the Diocese of London and to the Colonial and other
+      possessions of Great Britain beyond the Seas so long as the same remained
+      by custom within the said Diocese AND WHEREAS it appeared on the face of
+      the said Manuscript Book that the whole of the body thereof with the
+      exception of part of the last page thereof was in the handwriting of the
+      said William Bradford who was elected Governor of New Plymouth in April
+      1621 and continued Governor thereof from that date excepting between the
+      years 1635 and 1637 up to 1650 and that the last five pages of the said
+      Manuscript which is in the handwriting of the said William Bradford
+      contain what in Law is an authentic Register between 1620 and 1650 of the
+      fact of the Marriages of the Founders of the Colony of New England with
+      the names of their respective wives and the names of their Children the
+      lawful issue of such Marriages and of the fact of the Marriages of many of
+      their Children and Grandchildren and of the names of the issue of such
+      marriages and of the deaths of many of the persons named therein And after
+      hearing Counsel in support of the said application the Judge being of
+      opinion that the said Manuscript <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxv"
+      id="Page_xxv">[xxv]</a></span>Book had been upon the evidence before the
+      Court presumably deposited at Fulham Palace sometime between the year 1729
+      and the year 1785 during which time the said Colony was by custom within
+      the Diocese of London for purposes Ecclesiastical and the Registry of the
+      said Consistorial Court was a legitimate Registry for the Custody of
+      Registers of Marriages Births and Deaths within the said Colony and that
+      the Registry at Fulham Palace was a Registry for Historical and other
+      Documents connected with the Colonies and possessions of Great Britain
+      beyond the Seas so long as the same remained by custom within the Diocese
+      of London and that on the Declaration of the Independence of the United
+      States of America in 1776 the said Colony had ceased to be within the
+      Diocese of London and the Registry of the Court had ceased to be a public
+      registry for the said Colony and having maturely deliberated on the Cases
+      precedents and practice of the Ecclesiastical Court bearing on the
+      application before him and having regard to the Special Circumstances of
+      the Case Decreed as follows&mdash;(1) That a Photographic facsimile
+      reproduction of the said Manuscript Book verified by affidavit as being a
+      true and correct Photographic reproduction of the said Manuscript Book be
+      deposited in the Registry of Our said Court by or on behalf of the
+      Petitioner before the delivery to the Petitioner of the said original
+      Manuscript Book as hereinafter <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxvi"
+      id="Page_xxvi">[xxvi]</a></span>ordered&mdash;(2) That the said Manuscript
+      Book be delivered over to the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard by the
+      Lord Bishop of London or in his Lordship's absence by the Registrar of the
+      said Court on his giving his undertaking in writing that he will with all
+      due care and diligence on his arrival from England in the United States
+      convey and deliver in person the said Manuscript Book to the Governor of
+      the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States of America at his
+      Official Office in the State House in the City of Boston and that from the
+      time of the delivery of the said Book to him by the said Lord Bishop of
+      London or by the said Registrar until he shall have delivered the same to
+      the Governor of Massachusetts he will retain the same in his own Personal
+      custody&mdash;(3) That the said Book be deposited by the Petitioner with
+      the Governor of Massachusetts for the purpose of the same being with all
+      convenient speed finally deposited either in the State Archives of the
+      Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the City of Boston or in the Library of
+      the Historical Society of the said Commonwealth in the City of Boston as
+      the Governor shall determine&mdash;(4) That the Governors of the said
+      Commonwealth for all time to come be officially responsible for the safe
+      custody of the said Manuscript Book whether the same be deposited in the
+      State Archives at Boston or in the Historical Library in Boston aforesaid
+      as well as for <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxvii" id="Page_xxvii">[xxvii]</a></span>the
+      performance of the following conditions subject to a compliance wherewith
+      the said Manuscript Book is hereby decreed to be deposited in the Custody
+      of the aforesaid Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and his
+      Successors to wit:&mdash;(a) That all persons have such access to the said
+      Manuscript Book as to the Governor of the said Commonwealth for the time
+      being shall appear to be reasonable and with such safeguard as he shall
+      order&mdash;(b) That all persons desirous of searching the said Manuscript
+      Book for the bona fide purpose of establishing or tracing a Pedigree
+      through persons named in the last five pages thereof or in any other part
+      thereof shall be permitted to search the same under such safeguards as the
+      Governor for the time being shall determine on payment of a fee to be
+      fixed by the Governor&mdash;(c) That any person applying to the Official
+      having the immediate custody of the said Manuscript Book for a Certified
+      Copy of any entry contained in proof of Marriage Birth or Death of persons
+      named therein or of any other matter of like purport for the purpose of
+      tracing descents shall be furnished with such certificate on the payment
+      of a sum not exceeding one Dollar&mdash;(d) That with all convenient speed
+      after the delivery of the said Manuscript Book to the Governor of the
+      Commonwealth of Massachusetts the Governor shall transmit to the Registrar
+      of the Court a Certificate of the delivery of the same to him by <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxviii" id="Page_xxviii">[xxviii]</a></span>the
+      Petitioner and that he accepts the Custody of the same subject to the
+      terms and conditions herein named AND the Judge lastly decreed that the
+      Petitioner on delivering the said Manuscript Book to the Governor
+      aforesaid shall at the same time deliver to him this Our Decree Sealed
+      with the Seal of the Court WHEREFORE WE the Bishop of London aforesaid
+      well weighing and considering the premises DO by virtue of Our Authority
+      Ordinary and Episcopal and as far as in Us lies and by Law We may or can
+      ratify and confirm such Decree of Our Vicar General and Official Principal
+      of Our Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London IN TESTIMONY whereof We
+      have caused the Seal of Our said Vicar General and Official Principal of
+      the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London which We use in this behalf
+      to be affixed to these Presents DATED AT LONDON this Twelfth day of April
+      One thousand eight hundred and ninety seven and in the first year of Our
+      Translation.
+    </p>
+    <div class="ltr_sig">
+      <span class="smcap">Harry W. Lee</span>
+    </div>
+    <div class="left">
+      Exd. H.E.T.
+    </div>
+    <div class="right">
+      Registrar
+    </div>
+    <p class="center">
+      (L.S.)
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxix" id="Page_xxix">[xxix]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="RECEIPT_BAY" id="RECEIPT_BAY"></a>RECEIPT<br /> OF<br /> <span
+      class="smcap">Ambassador BAYARD.</span>
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxi" id="Page_xxxi">[xxxi]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      RECEIPT OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <i>In the Consistory Court of London</i>
+    </p>
+    <p class="blockquot">
+      <span class="smcap">In the Matter of the Original Manuscript of the Book
+      entitled and known as "The Log of the Mayflower."</span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I <span class="smcap">the Honourable</span> THOMAS FRANCIS BAYARD lately
+      Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of
+      America at the Court of Saint James's London Do hereby undertake, in
+      compliance with the Order of this Honourable Court dated the twelfth day
+      of April 1897 and made on my Petition filed in the said Honourable Court,
+      that I will with all due care and diligence on my arrival from England in
+      the United States of America safely convey over the Original Manuscript
+      Book Known as and entitled "The Log of the Mayflower" which has been this
+      twenty ninth day of April 1897 delivered over to me by the Lord Bishop of
+      London, to the City of Boston in the United States of America and on my
+      arrival in the said City deliver the same over in person to the Governor
+      of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at his Official Office in the State
+      House in the said City of Boston AND I further hereby undertake from the
+      time of the said <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxii" id="Page_xxxii">[xxxii]</a></span>delivery
+      of the said Book to me by the said Lord Bishop of London until I shall
+      have delivered the same to the Governor of Massachusetts, to retain the
+      same in my own personal custody.
+    </p>
+    <div class="ltr_sig">
+      (Signed) <span class="smcap">T. F. Bayard</span>
+    </div>
+    <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+      29 April 1897
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxiii" id="Page_xxxiii">[xxxiii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="RECEIPT_WOL" id="RECEIPT_WOL"></a>RECEIPT<br /> of<br /> <span
+      class="smcap">His Excellency ROGER WOLCOTT.</span>
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxv" id="Page_xxxv">[xxxv]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      RECEIPT OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT.
+    </h3>
+    <p class="center">
+      His Excellency <span class="smcap">Roger Wolcott</span>, <i>Governor of
+      the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in the United States of America</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      <i>To the Registrar of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Whereas</i>, The said Honorable Court, by its decree dated the twelfth
+      day of April, 1897, and made on the petition of the Honorable Thomas
+      Francis Bayard, lately Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
+      United States of America at the Court of Saint James in London, did order
+      that a certain original manuscript book then in the custody of the Lord
+      Bishop of London, known as and entitled "The Log of the Mayflower," and
+      more specifically described in said decree, should be delivered over to
+      the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard by the Lord Bishop of London, on
+      certain conditions specified in said decree, to be delivered by the said
+      Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard in person to the Governor of the
+      Commonwealth of Massachusetts, thereafter to be kept in the custody of the
+      aforesaid Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and his
+      successors, subject to a compliance with certain conditions, as set forth
+      in said decree;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>And Whereas</i>, The said Honorable Court by its decree aforesaid did
+      further order that, with all convenient speed after the delivery of the
+      said manuscript book to the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxvi" id="Page_xxxvi">[xxxvi]</a></span>the
+      Governor should transmit to the Registrar of the said Honorable Court a
+      certificate of the delivery of the same to him by the said Honorable
+      Thomas Francis Bayard, and his acceptance of the custody of the same,
+      subject to the terms and conditions named in the decree aforesaid;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Now, Therefore</i>, In compliance with the decree aforesaid I do hereby
+      certify that on the twenty-sixth day of May, 1897, the said Honorable
+      Thomas Francis Bayard delivered in person to me, at my official office in
+      the State House in the city of Boston, in the Commonwealth of
+      Massachusetts, in the United States of America, a certain manuscript book
+      which the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard then and there declared to
+      be the original manuscript book known as and entitled "The Log of the
+      Mayflower," which is more specifically described in the decree aforesaid;
+      and I do further certify that I hereby accept the custody of the same,
+      subject to the terms and conditions named in the decree aforesaid.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>In witness whereof</i>, I have hereunto signed my name and caused the
+      seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, at the Capitol in Boston, this
+      twelfth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
+      ninety-seven.
+    </p>
+    <div class="ltr_sig">
+      <span class="smcap">Roger Wolcott.</span>
+    </div>
+    <div style="margin-left: 3em;">
+      By His Excellency the Governor,
+    </div>
+    <div style="margin-left: 6em;">
+      <span class="smcap">Wm. M. Olin</span>,
+    </div>
+    <div style="text-align:right;">
+      <i>Secretary of the Commonwealth.</i>
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxvii" id="Page_xxxvii">[xxxvii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ADDRESS_HOAR" id="ADDRESS_HOAR"></a>ADDRESS<br /> OF THE<br />
+      <span class="smcap">Hon. GEORGE F. HOAR.</span>
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxviii" id="Page_xxxviii">[xxxviii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+      <img src="images/fig01.jpg" width="500" height="635" alt="" title="" />
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxix" id="Page_xxxix">[xxxix]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      ADDRESS OF SENATOR HOAR.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The first American Ambassador to Great Britain, at the end of his official
+      service, comes to Massachusetts on an interesting errand. He comes to
+      deliver to the lineal successor of Governor Bradford, in the presence of
+      the representatives and rulers of the body politic formed by the compact
+      on board the "Mayflower," Nov. 11, 1620, the only authentic history of the
+      founding of their Commonwealth; the only authentic history of what we have
+      a right to consider the most important political transaction that has ever
+      taken place on the face of the earth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Mr. Bayard has sought to represent to the mother country, not so much the
+      diplomacy as the good-will of the American people. If in this anybody be
+      tempted to judge him severely, let us remember what his great predecessor,
+      John Adams, the first minister at the same court, representing more than
+      any other man, embodying more than any other man, the spirit of
+      Massachusetts, said to George III., on the first day of June, 1785, after
+      the close of our long and bitter struggle for independence: "I shall
+      esteem myself the happiest of men if I can be instrumental <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xl" id="Page_xl">[xl]</a></span>in restoring
+      an entire esteem, confidence and affection, or, in better words, the old
+      good-nature and the old good-humor between people who, though separated by
+      an ocean and under different governments, have the same language, a
+      similar religion and kindred blood."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And let us remember, too, the answer of the old monarch, who, with all his
+      faults, must have had something of a noble and royal nature stirring in
+      his bosom, when he replied: "Let the circumstances of language, religion
+      and blood have their natural and full effect."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It has long been well known that Governor Bradford wrote and left behind
+      him a history of the settlement of Plymouth. It was quoted by early
+      chroniclers. There are extracts from it in the records at Plymouth. Thomas
+      Prince used it when he compiled his annals. Hubbard depended on it when he
+      wrote his "History of New England." Cotton Mather had read it, or a copy
+      of a portion of it, when he wrote his "Magnalia." Governor Hutchinson had
+      it when he published the second volume of his history in 1767. From that
+      time it disappeared from the knowledge of everybody on this side of the
+      water. All our historians speak of it as lost, and can only guess what had
+      been its fate. Some persons suspected that it was destroyed when Governor
+      Hutchinson's house was sacked in 1765, others that it was <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xli" id="Page_xli">[xli]</a></span>carried
+      off by some officer or soldier when Boston was evacuated by the British
+      army in 1776.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In 1844 Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, afterward Bishop of
+      Winchester, one of the brightest of men, published one of the dullest and
+      stupidest of books. It is entitled "The History of the Protestant
+      Episcopal Church in America." It contained extracts from manuscripts which
+      he said he had discovered in the library of the Bishop of London at
+      Fulham. The book attracted no attention here until, about twelve years
+      later, in 1855, John Wingate Thornton, whom many of us remember as an
+      accomplished antiquary and a delightful gentleman, happened to pick up a
+      copy of it while he was lounging in Burnham's book store. He read the
+      bishop's quotations, and carried the book to his office, where he left it
+      for his friend, Mr. Barry, who was then writing his "History of
+      Massachusetts," with passages marked, and with a note which is not
+      preserved, but which, according to his memory, suggested that the passages
+      must have come from Bradford's long-lost history. That is the claim for
+      Mr. Thornton. On the other hand, it is claimed by Mr. Barry that there was
+      nothing of that kind expressed in Mr. Thornton's note, but in reading the
+      book when he got it an hour or so later, the thought struck him for the
+      first time that the clew had been found to the precious book which had
+      been lost so long. He at once repaired to Charles <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_xlii" id="Page_xlii">[xlii]</a></span>Deane, then and ever
+      since, down to his death, as President Eliot felicitously styled him, "the
+      master of historical investigators in this country." Mr. Deane saw the
+      importance of the discovery. He communicated at once with Joseph Hunter,
+      an eminent English scholar. Hunter was high authority on all matters
+      connected with the settlement of New England. He visited the palace at
+      Fulham, and established beyond question the identity of the manuscript
+      with Governor Bradford's history, an original letter of Governor Bradford
+      having been sent over for comparison of handwriting.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How the manuscript got to Fulham nobody knows. Whether it was carried over
+      by Governor Hutchinson in 1774; whether it was taken as spoil from the
+      tower of the Old South Church in 1775; whether, with other manuscripts, it
+      was sent to Fulham at the time of the attempts of the Episcopal churches
+      in America, just before the revolution, to establish an episcopate here,&mdash;nobody
+      knows. It would seem that Hutchinson would have sent it to the colonial
+      office; that an officer would naturally have sent it to the war office;
+      and a private would have sent it to the war office, unless he had carried
+      it off as mere private booty and plunder,&mdash;in which case it would
+      have been unlikely that it would have reached a public place of custody.
+      But we find it in the possession of the church and of the church official
+      having, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xliii" id="Page_xliii">[xliii]</a></span>until
+      independence was declared, special jurisdiction over Episcopal interests
+      in Massachusetts and Plymouth. This may seem to point to a transfer for
+      some ecclesiastical purpose.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The bishop's chancellor conjectures that it was sent to Fulham because of
+      the record annexed to it of the early births, marriages and deaths, such
+      records being in England always in ecclesiastical custody. But this is
+      merely conjecture.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I know of no incident like this in history, unless it be the discovery in
+      a chest in the castle of Edinburgh, where they had been lost for one
+      hundred and eleven years, of the ancient regalia of Scotland,&mdash;the
+      crown of Bruce, the sceptre and sword of state. The lovers of Walter
+      Scott, who was one of the commissioners who made the search, remember his
+      intense emotion, as described by his daughter, when the lid was removed.
+      Her feelings were worked up to such a pitch that she nearly fainted, and
+      drew back from the circle.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As she was retiring she was startled by his voice exclaiming, in a tone of
+      the deepest emotion, "something between anger and despair," as she
+      expressed it: "By God, no!" One of the commissioners, not quite entering
+      into the solemnity with which Scott regarded this business, had, it seems,
+      made a sort of motion as if he meant to put the crown on the head of one
+      of the young ladies near him, but the <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_xliv" id="Page_xliv">[xliv]</a></span>voice and the aspect of
+      the poet were more than sufficient to make this worthy gentleman
+      understand his error; and, respecting the enthusiasm with which he had not
+      been taught to sympathize, he laid down the ancient diadem with an air of
+      painful embarrassment. Scott whispered, "Pray forgive me," and turning
+      round at the moment observed his daughter deadly pale and leaning by the
+      door. He immediately drew her out of the room, and when she had somewhat
+      recovered in the fresh air, walked with her across Mound to Castle Street.
+      "He never spoke all the way home," she says, "but every now and then I
+      felt his arm tremble, and from that time I fancied he began to treat me
+      more like a woman than a child. I thought he liked me better, too, than he
+      had ever done before."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There have been several attempts to procure the return of the manuscript
+      to this country. Mr. Winthrop, in 1860, through the venerable John
+      Sinclair, archdeacon, urged the Bishop of London to give it up, and
+      proposed that the Prince of Wales, then just coming to this country,
+      should take it across the Atlantic and present it to the people of
+      Massachusetts. The Attorney-General, Sir Fitzroy Kelley, approved the
+      plan, and said it would be an exceptional act of grace, a most interesting
+      action, and that he heartily wished the success of the application. But
+      the bishop refused. Again, in 1869, John Lothrop <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_xlv" id="Page_xlv">[xlv]</a></span>Motley, then minister to
+      England, who had a great and deserved influence there, repeated the
+      proposition, at the suggestion of that most accomplished scholar, Justin
+      Winsor. But his appeal had the same fate. The bishop gave no
+      encouragement, and said, as had been said nine years before, that the
+      property could not be alienated without an act of Parliament. Mr. Winsor
+      planned to repeat the attempt on his visit to England in 1877. When he was
+      at Fulham the bishop was absent, and he was obliged to come home without
+      seeing him in person.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In 1881, at the time of the death of President Garfield, Benjamin Scott,
+      chamberlain of London, proposed again in the newspapers that the
+      restitution should be made. But nothing came of it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dec. 21, 1895, I delivered an address at Plymouth, on the occasion of the
+      two hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims
+      upon the rock. In preparing for that duty, I read again, with renewed
+      enthusiasm and delight, the noble and touching story, as told by Governor
+      Bradford. I felt that this precious history of the Pilgrims ought to be in
+      no other custody than that of their children. But the case seemed
+      hopeless. I found myself compelled by a serious physical infirmity to take
+      a vacation, and to get a rest from public cares and duties, which was
+      impossible while I stayed at home. When I went abroad I determined to
+      visit the locality, on the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xlvi"
+      id="Page_xlvi">[xlvi]</a></span>borders of Lincolnshire and Yorkshire,
+      from which Bradford and Brewster and Robinson, the three leaders of the
+      Pilgrims, came, and where their first church was formed, and the places in
+      Amsterdam and Leyden where the emigrants spent thirteen years. But I
+      longed especially to see the manuscript of Bradford at Fulham, which then
+      seemed to me, as it now seems to me, the most precious manuscript on
+      earth, unless we could recover one of the four gospels as it came in the
+      beginning from the pen of the Evangelist.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The desire to get it back grew and grew during the voyage across the
+      Atlantic. I did not know how such a proposition would be received in
+      England. A few days after I landed I made a call upon John Morley. I asked
+      him whether he thought the thing could be done. He inquired carefully into
+      the story, took down from his shelf the excellent though brief life of
+      Bradford in Leslie Stephen's "Biographical Dictionary," and told me he
+      thought the book ought to come back to us, and that he should be glad to
+      do anything in his power to help. It was my fortune, a week or two after,
+      to sit next to Mr. Bayard at a dinner given to Mr. Collins by the American
+      consuls in Great Britain. I took occasion to tell him the story, and he
+      gave me the assurance, which he has since so abundantly and successfully
+      fulfilled, of his powerful aid. I was <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_xlvii" id="Page_xlvii">[xlvii]</a></span>compelled, by the
+      health of one of the party with whom I was travelling, to go to the
+      continent almost immediately, and was disappointed in the hope of an early
+      return to England. So the matter was delayed until about a week before I
+      sailed for home, when I went to Fulham, in the hope at least of seeing the
+      manuscript. I had supposed that it was a quasi-public library, open to
+      general visitors. But I found the bishop was absent. I asked for the
+      librarian, but there was no such officer, and I was told very politely
+      that the library was not open to the public, and was treated in all
+      respects as that of a private gentleman. So I gave up any hope of doing
+      anything in person. But I happened, the Friday before I sailed for home,
+      to dine with an English friend who had been exceedingly kind to me. As he
+      took leave of me, about eleven o'clock in the evening, he asked me if
+      there was anything more he could do for me. I said, "No, unless you happen
+      to know the Lord Bishop of London. I should like to get a sight at the
+      manuscript of Bradford's history before I go home." He said, "I do not
+      know the bishop myself, but Mr. Grenfell, at whose house you spent a few
+      days in the early summer, married the bishop's niece, and will gladly give
+      you an introduction to his uncle. He is in Scotland. But I will write to
+      him before I go to bed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sunday morning brought me a cordial letter from <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_xlviii" id="Page_xlviii">[xlviii]</a></span>Mr. Grenfell,
+      introducing me to the bishop. I wrote a note to his lordship, saying I
+      should be glad to have an opportunity to see Bradford's history; that I
+      was to sail for the United States the next Wednesday, but would be pleased
+      to call at Fulham Tuesday, if that were agreeable to him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I got a note in reply, in which he said if I would call on Tuesday he
+      would be happy to show me "The Log of the Mayflower," which is the title
+      the English, without the slightest reason in the world, give the
+      manuscript. I kept the appointment, and found the bishop with the book in
+      his hand. He received me with great courtesy, showed me the palace, and
+      said that that spot had been occupied by a bishop's palace for more than a
+      thousand years.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After looking at the volume and reading the records on the flyleaf, I
+      said: "My lord, I am going to say something which you may think rather
+      audacious. I think this book ought to go back to Massachusetts. Nobody
+      knows how it got over here. Some people think it was carried off by
+      Governor Hutchinson, the Tory governor; other people think it was carried
+      off by British soldiers when Boston was evacuated; but in either case the
+      property would not have changed. Or, if you treat it as a booty, in which
+      last case, I suppose, by the law of nations ordinary property does change,
+      no civilized nation in modern times <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_xlix" id="Page_xlix">[xlix]</a></span>applies that principle to
+      the property of libraries and institutions of learning."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well," said the bishop, "I did not know you cared anything about it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why," said I, "if there were in existence in England a history of King
+      Alfred's reign for thirty years, written by his own hand, it would not be
+      more precious in the eyes of Englishmen than this manuscript is to us."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well," said he, "I think myself it ought to go back, and if it had
+      depended on me it would have gone back before this. But the Americans who
+      have been here&mdash;many of them have been commercial people&mdash;did
+      not seem to care much about it except as a curiosity. I suppose I ought
+      not to give it up on my own authority. It belongs to me in my official
+      capacity, and not as private or personal property. I think I ought to
+      consult the Archbishop of Canterbury. And, indeed," he added, "I think I
+      ought to speak to the Queen about it. We should not do such a thing behind
+      Her Majesty's back."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I said: "Very well. When I go home I will have a proper application made
+      from some of our literary societies, and ask you to give it
+      consideration."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I saw Mr. Bayard again, and told him the story. He was at the train when I
+      left London for the steamer at Southampton. He entered with great interest
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_l" id="Page_l">[l]</a></span>into the
+      matter, and told me again he would gladly do anything in his power to
+      forward it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When I got home I communicated with Secretary Olney about it, who took a
+      kindly interest in the matter, and wrote to Mr. Bayard that the
+      administration desired he should do everything in his power to promote the
+      application. The matter was then brought to the attention of the council
+      of the American Antiquarian Society, the Massachusetts Historical Society,
+      the Pilgrim Society of Plymouth and the New England Society of New York.
+      These bodies appointed committees to unite in the application. Governor
+      Wolcott was also consulted, who gave his hearty approbation to the
+      movement, and a letter was dispatched through Mr. Bayard.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meantime Bishop Temple, with whom I had my conversation, had himself
+      become Archbishop of Canterbury, and in that capacity Primate of all
+      England. His successor, Rev. Dr. Creighton, had been the delegate of John
+      Harvard's College to the great celebration at Harvard University on the
+      two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of its foundation, in 1886. He had
+      received the degree of doctor of laws from the university, had been a
+      guest of President Eliot, and had received President Eliot as his guest in
+      England.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He is an accomplished historical scholar, and very friendly in sentiment
+      to the people of the United <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_li"
+      id="Page_li">[li]</a></span>States. So, by great fortune, the two eminent
+      ecclesiastical personages who were to have a powerful influence in the
+      matter were likely to be exceedingly well disposed. Dr. Benjamin A. Gould,
+      the famous mathematician, was appointed one of the committee of the
+      American Antiquarian Society. He died suddenly, just after a letter to the
+      Bishop of London was prepared and about to be sent to him for signing. He
+      took a very zealous interest in the matter. The letter formally asked for
+      the return of the manuscript, and was signed by the following-named
+      gentlemen: George F. Hoar, Stephen Salisbury, Edward Everett Hale, Samuel
+      A. Green, for the American Antiquarian Society; Charles Francis Adams,
+      William Lawrence, Charles W. Eliot, for the Massachusetts Historical
+      Society; Arthur Lord, William M. Evarts, William T. Davis, for the Pilgrim
+      Society of Plymouth; Charles C. Beaman, Joseph H. Choate, J. Pierpont
+      Morgan, for the New England Society of New York; Roger Wolcott, Governor
+      of Massachusetts.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The rarest good fortune seems to have attended every step in this
+      transaction.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I was fortunate in having formed the friendship of Mr. Grenfell, which
+      secured to me so cordial a reception from the Bishop of London.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was fortunate that the Bishop of London was Dr. Temple, an eminent
+      scholar, kindly disposed toward the people of the United States, and a man
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lii" id="Page_lii">[lii]</a></span>thoroughly
+      capable of understanding and respecting the deep and holy sentiment which
+      a compliance with our desire would gratify.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was fortunate, too, that Bishop Temple, who thought he must have the
+      approbation of the archbishop before his action, when the time came had
+      himself become Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of all England.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was fortunate that Dr. Creighton had succeeded to the see of London. He
+      is, himself, as I have just said, an eminent historical scholar. He has
+      many friends in America. He was the delegate of Emmanuel, John Harvard's
+      College, at the great Harvard centennial celebration in 1886. He received
+      the degree of doctor of laws at Harvard and is a member of the
+      Massachusetts Historical Society. He had, as I have said, entertained
+      President Eliot as his guest in England.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was fortunate, too, that the application came in a time of cordial
+      good-will between the two countries, when the desire of John Adams and the
+      longing of George III. have their ample and complete fulfilment. This
+      token of the good-will of England reached Boston on the eve of the
+      birthday of the illustrious sovereign, who is not more venerated and
+      beloved by her own subjects than by the kindred people across the sea.
+    </p>
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+      <img src="images/fig02.jpg" width="500" alt="" title="" /> <span
+      class="caption">THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.</span>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      It comes to us at the time of the rejoicing of the <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_liii" id="Page_liii">[liii]</a></span>English people at the
+      sixtieth anniversary of a reign more crowded with benefit to humanity than
+      any other known in the annals of the race. Upon the power of England, the
+      sceptre, the trident, the lion, the army and the fleet, the monster ships
+      of war, the all-shattering guns, the American people are strong enough now
+      to look with an entire indifference. We encounter her commerce and her
+      manufacture in the spirit of a generous emulation. The inheritance from
+      which England has gained these things is ours also. We, too, are of the
+      Saxon strain.
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <span class="i4">In our halls is hung<br /></span> <span class="i0">Armory
+        of the invincible knights of old.<br /></span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Our temple covers a continent, and its porches are upon both the seas. Our
+      fathers knew the secret to lay, in Christian liberty and law, the
+      foundations of empire. Our young men are not ashamed, if need be, to speak
+      with the enemy in the gate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But to the illustrious lady, type of gentlest womanhood, model of mother
+      and wife and friend, who came at eighteen to the throne of George IV. and
+      William; of purer eyes than to behold iniquity; the maiden presence before
+      which everything unholy shrank; the sovereign who, during her long reign,
+      "ever knew the people that she ruled;" the royal nature that disdained to
+      strike at her kingdom's rival in the hour of our sorest need; the heart
+      which even in <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_liv" id="Page_liv">[liv]</a></span>the
+      bosom of a queen beat with sympathy for the cause of constitutional
+      liberty; who, herself not unacquainted with grief, laid on the coffin of
+      our dead Garfield the wreath fragrant with a sister's sympathy,&mdash;to
+      her our republican manhood does not disdain to bend.
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <span class="i0">The eagle, lord of land and sea,<br /></span> <span
+        class="i0">Will stoop to pay her fealty.<br /></span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      But I am afraid this application might have had the fate of its
+      predecessors but for our special good fortune in the fact that Mr. Bayard
+      was our ambassador at the Court of St. James. He had been, as I said in
+      the beginning, the ambassador not so much of the diplomacy as of the
+      good-will of the American people. Before his powerful influence every
+      obstacle gave way. It was almost impossible for Englishmen to refuse a
+      request like this, made by him, and in which his own sympathies were so
+      profoundly enlisted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      You are entitled, sir, to the gratitude of Massachusetts, to the gratitude
+      of every lover of Massachusetts and of every lover of the country. You
+      have succeeded where so many others have failed, and where so many others
+      would have been likely to fail. You may be sure that our debt to you is
+      fully understood and will not be forgotten.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The question of the permanent abiding-place of this <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_lv" id="Page_lv">[lv]</a></span>manuscript will be settled
+      after it has reached the hands of His Excellency. Wherever it shall go it
+      will be an object of reverent care. I do not think many Americans will
+      gaze upon it without a little trembling of the lips and a little gathering
+      of mist in the eyes, as they think of the story of suffering, of sorrow,
+      of peril, of exile, of death and of lofty triumph which that book tells,&mdash;which
+      the hand of the great leader and founder of America has traced on those
+      pages.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There is nothing like it in human annals since the story of Bethlehem.
+      These Englishmen and English women going out from their homes in beautiful
+      Lincoln and York, wife separated from husband and mother from child in
+      that hurried embarkation for Holland, pursued to the beach by English
+      horsemen; the thirteen years of exile; the life at Amsterdam "in alley
+      foul and lane obscure;" the dwelling at Leyden; the embarkation at
+      Delfthaven; the farewell of Robinson; the terrible voyage across the
+      Atlantic; the compact in the harbor; the landing on the rock; the dreadful
+      first winter; the death roll of more than half the number; the days of
+      suffering and of famine; the wakeful night, listening for the yell of wild
+      beast and the war-whoop of the savage; the building of the State on those
+      sure foundations which no wave or tempest has ever shaken; the breaking of
+      the new light; the dawning of the new day; the <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_lvi" id="Page_lvi">[lvi]</a></span>beginning of the new life;
+      the enjoyment of peace with liberty,&mdash;of all these things this is the
+      original record by the hand of our beloved father and founder.
+      Massachusetts will preserve it until the time shall come that her children
+      are unworthy of it; and that time shall come,&mdash;never.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lvii" id="Page_lvii">[lvii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ADDRESS_BAY" id="ADDRESS_BAY"></a>ADDRESS<br /> OF THE<br /> <span
+      class="smcap">Hon. THOMAS F. BAYARD.</span>
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lviii" id="Page_lviii">[lviii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+      <img src="images/fig03.jpg" width="500" height="663" alt="" title="" />
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lix" id="Page_lix">[lix]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      ADDRESS OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Your Excellency, Gentlemen of the two Houses of the Legislature of
+      Massachusetts, Ladies and Gentlemen, Fellow Countrymen: The honorable and
+      most gratifying duty with which I am charged is about to receive its final
+      act of execution, for I have the book here, as it was placed in my hands
+      by the Lord Bishop of London on April 29, intact then and now; and I am
+      about to deliver it according to the provisions of the decree of the
+      Chancellor of London, which has been read in your presence, and the
+      receipt signed by me and registered in his court that I would obey the
+      provisions of that decree.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I have kept my trust; I have kept the book as I received it; I shall
+      deliver it into the hands of the representative of the people who are
+      entitled to its custody.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now, gentlemen, it would be superfluous for me to dwell upon the
+      historical features of this remarkable occasion, for it has been done, as
+      we all knew it would be done, with ability, learning, eloquence and
+      impressiveness, by the distinguished Senator who represents you so well in
+      the Congress of the United States.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lx" id="Page_lx">[lx]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For all that related to myself, and for every gracious word of recognition
+      and commendation that fell from his lips in relation to the part that I
+      have taken in the act of restoration, I am profoundly grateful. It is an
+      additional reward, but not the reward which induced my action.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To have served your State, to have been instrumental in such an act as
+      this, was of itself a high privilege to me. The Bradford manuscript was in
+      the library of Fulham palace, and if, by lawful means, I could have become
+      possessed of the volume, and have brought it here and quietly deposited
+      it, I should have gone to my home with the great satisfaction of knowing
+      that I had performed an act of justice, an act of right between two
+      countries. Therefore the praise, however grateful, is additional, and I am
+      very thankful for it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It may not be inappropriate or unpleasing to you should I state in a very
+      simple manner the history of my relation to the return of this book, for
+      it all has occurred within the last twelve months.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I knew of the existence of this manuscript, and had seen the reproduction
+      in facsimile. I knew that attempts had been made, unsuccessfully, to
+      obtain the original book.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At that time Senator Hoar made a short visit to England, and in passing
+      through London I was informed by him of the great interest that he, in
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxi" id="Page_lxi">[lxi]</a></span>common
+      with the people of this State, had in the restoration of this manuscript
+      to the custody of the State.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We discussed the methods by which it might be accomplished, and after two
+      or three concurrent suggestions he returned to the United States, and
+      presently I received, under cover from the Secretary of State,&mdash;a
+      distinguished citizen of your own State, Mr. Olney,&mdash;a formal note,
+      suggesting rather than instructing that in an informal manner I should
+      endeavor to have carried out the wishes of the various societies that had
+      addressed themselves to the Bishop of London and the Archbishop of
+      Canterbury, in order to obtain the return of this manuscript.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It necessarily had to be done informally. The strict regulations of the
+      office I then occupied forbade my correspondence with any member of the
+      British government except through the foreign office, unless it were
+      informal. An old saying describes the entire case, that "When there's a
+      will there's a way." There certainly was the will to get the book, and
+      there certainly was also a will and a way to give the book, and that way
+      was discovered by the legal custodians of the book itself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At first there were suggestions of difficulty, some technical questions;
+      and following a very safe rule, the first thought was, What is the law?
+      and the case was submitted to the law officers of the Crown. <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxii" id="Page_lxii">[lxii]</a></span>Then
+      there arose the necessity of a formal act of permission.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There could be entertained no question as to the title to the manuscript
+      in the possession of the British government. There was no authority to
+      grant a claim, founded on adverse title, and the question arose as to the
+      requisite form of law of a permissive rather than of a mandatory nature,
+      in order to be authoritative with those who had charge of the document.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But, as I have said, when there was a will there was found a way. By
+      personal correspondence and interviews with the Bishop of London, I soon
+      discovered that he was as anxious to find the way as I was that he should
+      find it. In March last it was finally agreed that I should employ legal
+      counsel to present a formal petition in the Episcopal Consistorial Court
+      of London, and there before the Chancellor to represent the strong desire
+      of Massachusetts and her people for the return of the record of her early
+      Governor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Accordingly, the petition was prepared, and by my authority signed as for
+      me by an eminent member of the bar, and it was also signed by the Bishop
+      of London, so that there was a complete consensus. The decree was ordered,
+      as is published in the London "Times" on March 25 last, and nothing after
+      that remained but formalities, in which, as you are well aware, the
+      English law is not lacking, especially in the ecclesiastical tribunals.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxiii" id="Page_lxiii">[lxiii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These formalities were carried out during my absence from London on a
+      short visit to the Continent, and the decree which you have just heard
+      read was duly entered on April 12 last, consigning the document to my
+      personal custody, to be delivered by me in this city to the high official
+      therein named, subject to those conditions which you have also heard.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Accordingly, on the 29th of April last I was summoned to the court, and
+      there, having signed the receipt, this decree was read in my presence.
+      Then the Bishop of London arose, and, taking the book in his hands,
+      delivered it with a few gracious words into my custody, and here it is
+      to-day.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The records of those proceedings will no doubt be preserved here as
+      accompanying this book, as they are in the Episcopal Consistorial Court in
+      London, and they tell the entire story.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But that is but part. The thing that I wish to impress upon you, and upon
+      my fellow countrymen throughout the United States, is that this is an act
+      of courtesy and friendship by another government&mdash;the government of
+      what we once called our "mother country"&mdash;to the entire people of the
+      United States.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      You cannot limit it to the Governor of this Commonwealth; nor to the
+      Legislature; nor even to the citizens of this Commonwealth. It extends in
+      its courtesy, its kindness and comity to the entire people of the United
+      States. From first to last there was <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_lxiv" id="Page_lxiv">[lxiv]</a></span>the ready response of
+      courtesy and kindness to the request for the restoration of this
+      manuscript record.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I may say to you that there has been nothing that I have sought more
+      earnestly than to place the affairs of these two great nations in the
+      atmosphere of mutual confidence and respect and good-will. If it be a sin
+      to long for the honor of one's country, for the safety and strength of
+      one's country, then I have been a great sinner, for I have striven to
+      advance the honor and the safety and the welfare of my country, and
+      believed it was best accomplished by treating all with justice and
+      courtesy, and doing those things to others which we would ask to have done
+      to ourselves.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the Chancellor pronounced his decree in March last, he cited certain
+      precedents to justify him in restoring this volume to Massachusetts. One
+      precedent which powerfully controlled his decision, and which in the
+      closing portion of his judgment he emphasizes, was an act of generous
+      liberality upon the part of the American Library Society in Philadelphia
+      in voluntarily returning to the British government some volumes of
+      original manuscript of the period of James the First, which by some means
+      not very clearly explained had found their way among the books of that
+      institution.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Those books were received by a distinguished man, Lord Romilly, Master of
+      the Rolls, who took occasion <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxv"
+      id="Page_lxv">[lxv]</a></span>to speak of the liberality and kindness
+      which dictated the action of the Philadelphia library. Gentlemen, I am one
+      of those who believe that a generous and kindly act is never unwise
+      between individuals or nations.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The return of this book to you is an echo of the kindly act of your
+      countrymen in the city of Philadelphia in 1866.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is that, not, as Mr. Hoar has said, any influence or special effort of
+      mine; but it is international good feeling and comity which brought about
+      to you the pleasure and the joy of having this manuscript returned, and so
+      it will ever be. A generous act will beget a generous act; trust and
+      confidence will beget trust and confidence; and so it will be while the
+      world shall last, and well will it be for the man or for the people who
+      shall recognize this truth and act upon it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Now, gentlemen, there is another coincidence that I may venture to point
+      out. It is history repeating itself. More than three hundred years ago the
+      ancestors from whom my father drew his name and blood were French
+      Protestants, who had been compelled to flee from the religious
+      persecutions of that day, and for the sake of conscience to find an asylum
+      in Holland. Fifty years after they had fled and found safety in Holland,
+      the little congregation of Independents from the English village of
+      Scrooby, under the pastorate of John Robinson, was forced to fly, and with
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxvi" id="Page_lxvi">[lxvi]</a></span>difficulty
+      found its way into the same country of the Netherlands, seeking an asylum
+      for consciences' sake.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Time passed on. The little English colony removed, as this manuscript of
+      William Bradford will tell you, across the Atlantic, and soon after the
+      Huguenot family from whom I drew my name found their first settlement in
+      what was then the New Netherlands, now New York. Both came from the same
+      cause; both came with the same object, the same purpose,&mdash;"soul
+      freedom," as Roger Williams well called it. Both came to found homes where
+      they could worship God according to their own conscience and live as free
+      men. They came to these shores, and they have found the asylum, and they
+      have strengthened it, and it is what we see to-day,&mdash;a country of
+      absolute religious and civil freedom,&mdash;of equal rights and
+      toleration.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And is it not fitting that I, who have in my veins the blood of the
+      Huguenots, should present to you and your Governor the log of the English
+      emigrants, who left their country for the sake of religious freedom?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They are blended here,&mdash;their names, their interests. No man asks and
+      no man has a right to ask or have ascertained by any method authorized by
+      law what is the conscientious religious tenet or opinion of any man, of
+      any citizen, as a prerequisite for holding an office of trust or power in
+      the United States.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxvii" id="Page_lxvii">[lxvii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I think it well on this occasion to make, as I am sure you are making,
+      acknowledgment to that heroic little country, the Lowlands as they call
+      it, the Netherlands,&mdash;the country without one single feature of
+      military defence except the brave hearts of the men who live in it and
+      defend it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Holland was the anvil upon which religious and civil liberty was beaten
+      out in Europe at a time when the clang was scarcely heard anywhere else.
+      We can never forget our historical debt to that country and to those
+      people. Puritan, Independent, Huguenot, whoever he may be, forced to flee
+      for conscience's sake, will not forget that in the Netherlands there was
+      found in his time of need the asylum where conscience, property and person
+      might be secure.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now my task is done. I am deeply grateful for the part that I have
+      been enabled to take in this act of just and natural restitution. In
+      Massachusetts or out of Massachusetts there is no one more willing than I
+      to assist this work; and here, sir [addressing Governor Wolcott], I fulfil
+      my trust in placing in your hands the manuscript.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To you, as the honored representative of the people of this Commonwealth,
+      I commit this book, in pursuance of my obligations, gladly undertaken
+      under the decree of the Episcopal Consistorial Court of London.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxix" id="Page_lxix">[lxix]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ADDRESS_WOL" id="ADDRESS_WOL"></a>ADDRESS<br /> OF<br /> <span
+      class="smcap">His Excellency ROGER WOLCOTT.</span>
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxx" id="Page_lxx">[lxx]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+      <img src="images/fig04.jpg" width="500" height="715" alt="" title="" />
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxi" id="Page_lxxi">[lxxi]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      On receiving the volume, Governor Wolcott, addressing Mr. Bayard, spoke as
+      follows: I thank you, sir, for the diligent and faithful manner in which
+      you have executed the honorable trust imposed upon you by the decree of
+      the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, a copy of which you have
+      now placed in my hands. It was fitting that one of your high distinction
+      should be selected to perform so dignified an office.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The gracious act of international courtesy which is now completed will not
+      fail of grateful appreciation by the people of this Commonwealth and of
+      the nation. It is honorable alike to those who hesitated not to prefer the
+      request and to those whose generous liberality has prompted compliance
+      with it. It may be that the story of the departure of this precious relic
+      from our shores may never in its every detail be revealed; but the story
+      of its return will be read of all men, and will become a part of the
+      history of the Commonwealth. There are places and objects so intimately
+      associated with the world's greatest men or with mighty deeds that the
+      soul of him who gazes upon them is lost in a sense of reverent awe, as it
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxii" id="Page_lxxii">[lxxii]</a></span>listens
+      to the voice that speaks from the past, in words like those which came
+      from the burning bush, "Put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place
+      whereon thou standest is holy ground."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On the sloping hillside of Plymouth, that bathes its feet in the waters of
+      the Atlantic, such a voice is breathed by the brooding genius of the
+      place, and the ear must be dull that fails to catch the whispered words.
+      For here not alone did godly men and women suffer greatly for a great
+      cause, but their noble purpose was not doomed to defeat, but was carried
+      to perfect victory. They stablished what they planned. Their feeble
+      plantation became the birthplace of religious liberty, the cradle of a
+      free Commonwealth. To them a mighty nation owns its debt. Nay, they have
+      made the civilized world their debtor. In the varied tapestry which
+      pictures our national life, the richest spots are those where gleam the
+      golden threads of conscience, courage and faith, set in the web by that
+      little band. May God in his mercy grant that the moral impulse which
+      founded this nation may never cease to control its destiny; that no act of
+      any future generation may put in peril the fundamental principles on which
+      it is based,&mdash;of equal rights in a free state, equal privileges in a
+      free church and equal opportunities in a free school.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In this precious volume which I hold in my hands&mdash;the gift of England
+      to the Commonwealth of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxiii"
+      id="Page_lxxiii">[lxxiii]</a></span>Massachusetts&mdash;is told the noble,
+      simple story "of Plim&#771;oth Plantation." In the midst of suffering and
+      privation and anxiety the pious hand of William Bradford here set down in
+      ample detail the history of the enterprise from its inception to the year
+      1647. From him we may learn "that all great and honourable actions are
+      accompanied with great difficulties, and must be both enterprised and
+      overcome with answerable courages."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The sadness and pathos which some might read into the narrative are to me
+      lost in victory. The triumph of a noble cause even at a great price is
+      theme for rejoicing, not for sorrow, and the story here told is one of
+      triumphant achievement, and not of defeat.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As the official representative of the Commonwealth, I receive it, sir, at
+      your hands. I pledge the faith of the Commonwealth that for all time it
+      shall be guarded in accordance with the terms of the decree under which it
+      is delivered into her possession as one of her chiefest treasures. I
+      express the thanks of the Commonwealth for the priceless gift. And I
+      venture the prophecy that for countless years to come and to untold
+      thousands these mute pages shall eloquently speak of high resolve, great
+      suffering and heroic endurance made possible by an absolute faith in the
+      over-ruling providence of Almighty God.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxv" id="Page_lxxv">[lxxv]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ACKNOWLEDGMENT" id="ACKNOWLEDGMENT"></a>ACKNOWLEDGMENT<br /> BY
+      THE<br /> BISHOP OF LONDON.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxvi" id="Page_lxxvi">[lxxvi]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+      <img src="images/fig05.jpg" width="500" alt="" title="" /> <span
+      class="caption">THE BISHOP OF LONDON</span>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxvii" id="Page_lxxvii">[lxxvii]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p class="center">
+      (Copy)
+    </p>
+    <div style="margin-right: 2em; text-align: right">
+      <span class="smcap">Fulham Palace, S.W.</span>
+    </div>
+    <div class="ltr_dt">
+      Oct. 16, 1897.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I would ask you to express to the Convention of the two branches of the
+      General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts my grateful thanks for
+      the copy of their resolution of May 26, which was presented to me by Mr.
+      Adams.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1"
+      class="fnanchor">[A]</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I consider it a great privilege to have been associated with an act of
+      courtesy, which was also an act of justice, in restoring to its proper
+      place a document which is so important in the records of your illustrious
+      Commonwealth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+      <div class="left">
+        I am
+      </div>
+      <div class="center">
+        Yours faithfully,
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_sig">
+        M. LONDON.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end sig_blk -->
+    <div style="margin-left: 1em;">
+      <span class="smcap">H.D. Coolidge</span>, Esq.
+    </div>
+    <div style="margin-left: 4em;">
+      Clerk of the Convention.
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Of_Plimoth_Plantation" id="Of_Plimoth_Plantation"></a><span
+      class="smcap">Of Plimoth Plantation.</span>
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+      <a href="images/fig09_l.jpg"> <img src="images/fig09.jpg" alt="" title="" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      <b>Of Plimoth Plantation.</b>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And first of y<sup>e</sup> occasion and ind&#361;sments ther unto; the
+      which that I may truly unfould, I must begine at y<sup>e</sup> very roote
+      &amp; rise of y<sup>e</sup> same. The which I shall endevor to manefest in
+      a plaine stile, with singuler regard unto y<sup>e</sup> simple trueth in
+      all things, at least as near as my slender judgmente can attaine the same.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      <a name="Chapter_a" id="Chapter_a"></a>1. Chapter.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      It is well knowne unto y<sup>e</sup> godly and judicious, how ever since y<sup>e</sup>
+      first breaking out of y<sup>e</sup> lighte of y<sup>e</sup> gospell in our
+      Honourable Nation of England, (which was y<sup>e</sup> first of nations
+      whom y<sup>e</sup> Lord adorned ther with, affter y<sup>t</sup> grosse
+      darknes of popery which had covered &amp; overspred y<sup>e</sup>
+      Christian worled,) what warrs &amp; opposissions ever since, Satan hath
+      raised, maintained, and continued against the Saincts, from time to time,
+      in one sorte or other. Some times by bloody death and cruell torments;
+      other whiles imprisonments, banishments, &amp; other hard usages; as being
+      loath his kingdom should goe downe, the trueth prevaile, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      churches of God reverte to their anciente puritie, and recover their
+      primative order, libertie, &amp; bewtie. But when he could not <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>prevaile by
+      these means, against the maine trueths of y<sup>e</sup> gospell, but that
+      they began to take rootting in many places, being watered with y<sup>e</sup>
+      blooud of y<sup>e</sup> martires, and blessed from heaven with a gracious
+      encrease; He then begane to take him to his anciente strategemes, used of
+      old against the first Christians. That when by y<sup>e</sup> bloody &amp;
+      barbarous persecutions of y<sup>e</sup> Heathen Emperours, he could not
+      stoppe &amp; subuerte the course of y<sup>e</sup> gospell, but that it
+      speedily overspred with a wounderfull celeritie the then best known parts
+      of y<sup>e</sup> world, He then begane to sow errours, heresies, and
+      wounderfull dissentions amongst y<sup>e</sup> professours them selves,
+      (working upon their pride &amp; ambition, with other corrupte passions
+      incidente to all mortall men, yea to y<sup>e</sup> saints them selves in
+      some measure,) by which wofull effects followed; as not only bitter
+      contentions, &amp; hartburnings, schismes, with other horrible confusions,
+      but Satan tooke occasion &amp; advantage therby to foyst in a number of
+      vile ceremoneys, with many unproffitable cannons &amp; decrees, which have
+      since been as snares to many poore &amp; peaceable souls even to this day.
+      So as in y<sup>e</sup> anciente times, the persecutions[2] by y<sup>e</sup>
+      heathen &amp; their Emperours, was not greater then of the Christians one
+      against other; the Arians &amp; other their complices against y<sup>e</sup>
+      orthodoxe &amp; true Christians. As witneseth Socrates in his 2. booke.
+      His words are these;<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> <i>The violence truly</i>
+      (saith he) <i>was no less than <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5"
+      id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>that of ould practised towards y<sup>e</sup>
+      Christians when they were compelled &amp; drawne to sacrifice to idoles;
+      for many indured sundrie kinds of tormente, often rackings, &amp;
+      dismembering of their joynts; confiscating of ther goods; some bereaved of
+      their native soyle; others departed this life under y<sup>e</sup> hands of
+      y<sup>e</sup> tormentor; and some died in banishm&#275;te, &amp; never saw
+      ther cuntrie againe, &amp;c.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The like methode Satan hath seemed to hold in these later times, since y<sup>e</sup>
+      trueth begane to springe &amp; spread after y<sup>e</sup> great defection
+      made by Antichrist, y<sup>t</sup> man of sin&#773;e.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For to let pass y<sup>e</sup> infinite examples in sundrie nations and
+      severall places of y<sup>e</sup> world, and instance in our owne, when as
+      y<sup>t</sup> old serpente could not prevaile by those firie flames &amp;
+      other his cruell tragedies, which he<a name="FNanchor_C_3"
+      id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> by
+      his instruments put in ure every wher in y<sup>e</sup> days of queene Mary
+      &amp; before, he then begane an other kind of warre, &amp; went more
+      closly to worke; not only to oppuggen, but even to ruinate &amp; destroy y<sup>e</sup>
+      kingdom of Christ, by more secrete &amp; subtile means, by kindling y<sup>e</sup>
+      flames of contention and sowing y<sup>e</sup> seeds of discorde &amp;
+      bitter enmitie amongst y<sup>e</sup> proffessors &amp; seeming reformed
+      them selves. For when he could not prevaile by y<sup>e</sup> former means
+      against the principall doctrins of faith, he bente his force against the
+      holy discipline &amp; outward regimente of the kingdom of <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>Christ, by
+      which those holy doctrines should be conserved, &amp; true pietie
+      maintained amongest the saints &amp; people of God.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Mr. Foxe recordeth how y<sup>t</sup> besids those worthy martires &amp;
+      confessors which were burned in queene Marys days &amp; otherwise
+      tormented,<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> <i>many (both studients
+      &amp; others) fled out of y<sup>e</sup> land, to y<sup>e</sup> number of
+      800. And became severall congregations. At Wesell, Frankford, Bassill,
+      Emden, Markpurge, Strausborugh, &amp; Geneva, &amp;c.</i> Amongst whom
+      (but especialy those at Frankford) begane y<sup>t</sup> bitter warr of
+      contention &amp; persecuti&#333; aboute y<sup>e</sup> ceremonies, &amp;
+      servise-booke, and other popish and antichristian stuffe, the plague of
+      England to this day, which are like y<sup>e</sup> highplases in Israell, w<sup>ch</sup>
+      the prophets cried out against, &amp; were their ruine; [3] which y<sup>e</sup>
+      better parte sought, according to y<sup>e</sup> puritie of y<sup>e</sup>
+      gospell, to roote out and utterly to abandon. And the other parte (under
+      veiled pretences) for their ouwn ends &amp; advancments, sought as stifly
+      to continue, maintaine, &amp; defend. As appeareth by y<sup>e</sup>
+      discourse therof published in printe, An<sup>o</sup>: 1575; a booke y<sup>t</sup>
+      deserves better to be knowne and considred.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The one side laboured to have y<sup>e</sup> right worship of God &amp;
+      discipline of Christ established in y<sup>e</sup> church, according to y<sup>e</sup>
+      simplicitie of y<sup>e</sup> gospell, without the mixture of mens
+      inventions, and to have &amp; to be <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7"
+      id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>ruled by y<sup>e</sup> laws of Gods word,
+      dispensed in those offices, &amp; by those officers of Pastors, Teachers,
+      &amp; Elders, &amp;c. according to y<sup>e</sup> Scripturs. The other
+      partie, though under many colours &amp; pretences, endevored to have y<sup>e</sup>
+      episcopall dignitie (affter y<sup>e</sup> popish man&#773;er) with their
+      large power &amp; jurisdiction still retained; with all those courts,
+      cannons, &amp; ceremonies, togeather with all such livings, revenues,
+      &amp; subordinate officers, with other such means as formerly upheld their
+      antichristian greatnes, and enabled them with lordly &amp; tyranous power
+      to persecute y<sup>e</sup> poore servants of God. This contention was so
+      great, as neither y<sup>e</sup> honour of God, the commone persecution,
+      nor y<sup>e</sup> mediation of Mr. Calvin &amp; other worthies of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord in those places, could prevaile with those thus episcopally minded,
+      but they proceeded by all means to disturbe y<sup>e</sup> peace of this
+      poor persecuted church, even so farr as to charge (very unjustly, &amp;
+      ungodlily, yet prelatelike) some of their cheefe opposers, with rebellion
+      &amp; hightreason against y<sup>e</sup> Emperour, &amp; other such crimes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And this cont&#275;tion dyed not with queene Mary, nor was left beyonde y<sup>e</sup>
+      seas, but at her death these people returning into England under gracious
+      queene Elizabeth, many of them being preferred to bishopricks &amp; other
+      promotions, according to their aimes and desires, that inveterate hatered
+      against y<sup>e</sup> holy discipline of Christ in his church hath
+      continued to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>this
+      day. In somuch that for fear [4] it should preveile, all plotts &amp;
+      devices have been used to keepe it out, incensing y<sup>e</sup> queene
+      &amp; state against it as dangerous for y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;on wealth;
+      and that it was most needfull y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> fundamentall
+      poynts of Religion should be preached in those ignorante &amp;
+      superstitious times; and to win&#773;e y<sup>e</sup> weake &amp;
+      ignorante, they might retaine diverse harmles ceremoneis; and though it
+      were to be wished y<sup>t</sup> diverse things were reformed, yet this was
+      not a season for it. And many the like, to stop y<sup>e</sup> mouthes of y<sup>e</sup>
+      more godly, to bring them over to yeeld to one ceremoney after another,
+      and one corruption after another; by these wyles begyleing some &amp;
+      corrupting others till at length they begane to persecute all y<sup>e</sup>
+      zealous professors in y<sup>e</sup> land (though they knew little what
+      this discipline mente) both by word &amp; deed, if they would not submitte
+      to their ceremonies, &amp; become slaves to them &amp; their popish trash,
+      which have no ground in y<sup>e</sup> word of God, but are relikes of y<sup>t</sup>
+      man of sine. And the more y<sup>e</sup> light of y<sup>e</sup> gospell
+      grew, y<sup>e</sup> more y<sup>ey</sup> urged their subscriptions to these
+      corruptions. So as (notwithstanding all their former pretences &amp; fair
+      colures) they whose eyes God had not justly blinded might easily see
+      wherto these things tended. And to cast contempte the more upon y<sup>e</sup>
+      sincere servants of God, they opprobriously &amp; most injuriously gave
+      unto, &amp; imposed upon them, that name of Puritans, which [it] is said
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>the
+      Novatians out of prid did assume &amp; take unto themselves.<a
+      name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5"
+      class="fnanchor">[E]</a> And lamentable it is to see y<sup>e</sup> effects
+      which have followed. Religion hath been disgraced, the godly greeved,
+      afflicted, persecuted, and many exiled, sundrie have lost their lives in
+      prisones &amp; otherways. On the other hand, sin hath been countenanced,
+      ignorance, profannes, &amp; atheisme increased, &amp; the papists
+      encouraged to hope againe for a day.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This made that holy man Mr. Perkins<a name="FNanchor_F_6" id="FNanchor_F_6"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_F_6" class="fnanchor">[F]</a> crie out in his exhortation
+      to repentance, upon Zeph. 2. <i>Religion</i> (saith he) <i>hath been
+      amongst us this 35. years; but the more it is published, the more it is
+      contemned &amp; reproached of many, &amp;c. Thus not prophanes nor
+      wickednes, but Religion it selfe is a byword, a moking-stock, &amp; a
+      matter of reproach; so that in England at this day the man or woman y<sup>t</sup>
+      begines to profes Religion, &amp; to serve God, must resolve with him
+      selfe to sustaine</i> [5] <i>mocks &amp; injueries even as though he lived
+      amongst y<sup>e</sup> enimies of Religion.</i> And this com&#773;one
+      experience hath confirmed &amp; made too apparente.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>A late observation, as it were by the way, worthy to be Noted.</i><a
+        name="FNanchor_G_7" id="FNanchor_G_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_7"
+        class="fnanchor">[G]</a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Full litle did I thinke, y<sup>t</sup> the downfall of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Bishops, with their courts, cannons, &amp; ceremonies, &amp;c. had been
+        so neare, when I first begane these scribled writings (which was aboute
+        y<sup>e</sup> year 1630, and so peeced up at times of leasure
+        afterward), <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>or
+        that I should have lived to have seene or heard of y<sup>e</sup> same;
+        but it is y<sup>e</sup> Lords doing, and ought to be marvelous in our
+        eyes! Every plante which mine heavenly father hath not planted (saith
+        our Saviour) shall be rooted up. Mat: 15. 13.<a name="FNanchor_H_8"
+        id="FNanchor_H_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_H_8" class="fnanchor">[H]</a> I
+        have snared the, and thou art taken, O Babell (Bishops), and thou wast
+        not aware; thou art found, and also caught, because thou hast striven
+        against the Lord. Jer. 50. 24. But will they needs strive against y<sup>e</sup>
+        truth, against y<sup>e</sup> servants of God; what, &amp; against the
+        Lord him selfe? Doe they provoke the Lord to anger? Are they stronger
+        than he? 1. Cor: 10. 22. No, no, they have mete with their match.
+        Behold, I come unto y<sup>e</sup>, O proud man, saith the Lord God of
+        hosts; for thy day is come, even the time that I will visite the. Jer:
+        50. 31. May not the people of God now say (and these pore people among y<sup>e</sup>
+        rest), The Lord hath brought forth our righteousnes; come, let us
+        declare in Sion the work of the Lord our God. Jer: 51. 10. Let all flesh
+        be still before the Lord; for he is raised up out of his holy place.
+        Zach: 2. 13.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        In this case, these poore people may say (among y<sup>e</sup> thousands
+        of Israll), <i>When the Lord brougt againe the captivite of Zion, we
+        were like them that dreame. Psa: 126. 1. The Lord hath done greate
+        things for us, wherof we rejoyce. v. 3. They that sow in teares, shall
+        reap in joye. They wente weeping, and carried precious seede, but they
+        shall returne with joye, and bring their sheaves, v. 5, 6.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Doe you not now see y<sup>e</sup> fruits of your labours, O all yee
+        servants of y<sup>e</sup> Lord that have suffered for his truth, and
+        have been faithfull witneses of y<sup>e</sup> same, and yee litle
+        handfull amongst y<sup>e</sup> rest, y<sup>e</sup> least amongest y<sup>e</sup>
+        thousands of Israll? You have not only had a seede time, but many of you
+        have seene y<sup>e</sup> joyefull harvest; should you not then rejoyse,
+        yea, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>and
+        againe rejoyce, and say Hallelu-iah, salvation, and glorie, and honour,
+        and power, be to y<sup>e</sup> Lord our God; for true and righteous are
+        his judgments. Rev. 19. 1, 2.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        But thou wilte aske what is y<sup>e</sup> mater? What is done? Why, art
+        thou a stranger in Israll, that thou shouldest not know what is done?
+        Are not those Jebusites overcome that have vexed the people of Israll so
+        long, even holding Jerusalem till Davids days, and been as thorns in
+        their sids, so many ages; and now begane to scorne that any David should
+        meadle with them; they begane to fortifie their tower, as that of the
+        old Babelonians; but those proud Anakimes are throwne downe, and their
+        glory laid in y<sup>e</sup> dust. The tiranous bishops are ejected,
+        their courts dissolved, their cannons forceless, their servise
+        casheired, their ceremonies uselese and despised; their plots for popery
+        prevented, and all their superstitions discarded &amp; returned to Roome
+        from whence they came, and y<sup>e</sup> monuments of idolatrie rooted
+        out of y<sup>e</sup> land. And the proud and profane suporters, and
+        cruell defenders of these (as bloody papists &amp; wicked athists, and
+        their malignante consorts) marvelously over throwne. And are not these
+        greate things? Who can deney it?
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        But who hath done it? Who, even he that siteth on y<sup>e</sup> white
+        horse, who is caled faithfull, &amp; true, and judgeth and fighteth
+        righteously, Rev: 19. 11. whose garments are dipte in blood, and his
+        name was caled the word of God, v. 13. for he shall rule them with a
+        rode of iron; for it is he that treadeth the winepress of the feircenes
+        and wrath of God almighty. And he hath upon his garmente, and upon his
+        thigh, a name writen, The King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, v. 15, 16.
+      </p>
+      <div class="right">
+        Hallelu-iah.
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        Anno Dom: 1646.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <p>
+      But that I may come more near my intendmente; when as by the travell &amp;
+      diligence of some godly &amp; zealous preachers, &amp; Gods blessing on
+      their labours, as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>in
+      other places of y<sup>e</sup> land, so in y<sup>e</sup> North parts, many
+      became inlightened by the word of God, and had their ignorance &amp; sins
+      discovered unto them, and begane by his grace to reforme their lives, and
+      make conscience of their wayes, the worke of God was no sooner manifest in
+      them, but presently they were both scoffed and scorned by y<sup>e</sup>
+      prophane multitude, and y<sup>e</sup> ministers urged with y<sup>e</sup>
+      yoak of subscription, or els must be silenced; and y<sup>e</sup> poore
+      people were so vexed with apparators, &amp; pursuants, &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      comissarie courts, as truly their affliction was not smale; which,
+      notwithstanding, they bore sundrie years with much patience, till they
+      were occasioned (by y<sup>e</sup> continuance &amp; encrease of these
+      troubls, and other means which the Lord raised up in those days) to see
+      further into things by the light of y<sup>e</sup> word of God. How not
+      only these base and beggerly ceremonies were unlawfull, but also that y<sup>e</sup>
+      lordly &amp; tiranous power of y<sup>e</sup> prelats ought not to be
+      submitted unto; which thus, contrary to the freedome of the gospell, would
+      load &amp; burden mens consciences, and by their compulsive power make a
+      prophane mixture of persons &amp; things in the worship of God. And that
+      their offices &amp; calings, courts &amp; cannons, &amp;c. were unlawfull
+      and antichristian; being such as have no warrante in y<sup>e</sup> word of
+      God; but the same y<sup>t</sup> were used in poperie, &amp; still
+      retained. Of which a famous author thus writeth in his Dutch com&#773;taries.<a
+      name="FNanchor_I_9" id="FNanchor_I_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_I_9"
+      class="fnanchor">[I]</a> At the coming of <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>king James into England; <i>The
+      new king</i> (saith he) <i>found their established y<sup>e</sup> reformed
+      religion, according to y<sup>e</sup> reformed religion of king Edward y<sup>e</sup>
+      6. Retaining, or keeping still y<sup>e</sup> spirituall state of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Bishops, &amp;c. after y<sup>e</sup> ould maner, much varying &amp;
+      differing from y<sup>e</sup> reformed churches in Scotland, France, &amp;
+      y<sup>e</sup> Neatherlands, Embden, Geneva, &amp;c. whose reformation is
+      cut, or shapen much nerer y<sup>e</sup> first Christian churches, as it
+      was used in y<sup>e</sup> Apostles times.</i><a name="FNanchor_J_10"
+      id="FNanchor_J_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_J_10" class="fnanchor">[J]</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [6] So many therfore of these proffessors as saw y<sup>e</sup> evill of
+      these things, in thes parts, and whose harts y<sup>e</sup> Lord had
+      touched w<sup>th</sup> heavenly zeale for his trueth, they shooke of this
+      yoake of antichristian bondage, and as y<sup>e</sup> Lords free people,
+      joyned them selves (by a covenant of the Lord) into a church estate, in y<sup>e</sup>
+      felowship of y<sup>e</sup> gospell, to walke in all his wayes, made known,
+      or to be made known unto them, according to their best endeavours,
+      whatsoever it should cost them, the Lord assisting them. And that it cost
+      them something this ensewing historie will declare.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These people became 2. distincte bodys or churches, &amp; in regarde of
+      distance of place did congregate severally; for they were of sundrie
+      townes &amp; vilages, some in Notingamshire, some of Lincollinshire, and
+      some of Yorkshire, wher they border nearest togeather. In one <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>of these
+      churches (besids others of note) was Mr. John Smith, a man of able gifts,
+      &amp; a good preacher, who afterwards was chosen their pastor. But these
+      afterwards falling into some errours in y<sup>e</sup> Low Countries, ther
+      (for y<sup>e</sup> most part) buried them selves, &amp; their names.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But in this other church (w<sup>ch</sup> must be y<sup>e</sup> subjecte of
+      our discourse) besids other worthy men, was M<sup>r</sup>. Richard
+      Clifton, a grave and rever&#275;d preacher, who by his paines and
+      dilligens had done much good, and under God had ben a means of y<sup>e</sup>
+      conversion of many. And also that famous and worthy man M<sup>r</sup>.
+      John Robinson, who afterwards was their pastor for many years, till y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord tooke him away by death. Also M<sup>r</sup>. William Brewster a
+      reverent man, who afterwards was chosen an elder of y<sup>e</sup> church
+      and lived with them till old age.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But after these things they could not long continue in any peaceable
+      condition, but were hunted &amp; persecuted on every side, so as their
+      former afflictions were but as flea-bitings in comparison of these which
+      now came upon them. For some were taken &amp; clapt up in prison, others
+      had their houses besett &amp; watcht night and day, &amp; hardly escaped
+      their hands; and y<sup>e</sup> most were faine to flie &amp; leave their
+      howses &amp; habitations, and the means of their livelehood. Yet these
+      &amp; many other sharper things which affterward befell them, were no
+      other then they looked for, and therfore were y<sup>e</sup> better
+      prepared to bear them by y<sup>e</sup> assistance of Gods <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>grace &amp;
+      spirite. Yet seeing them selves thus molested, [7] and that ther was no
+      hope of their continuance ther, by a joynte consente they resolved to goe
+      into y<sup>e</sup> Low-Countries, wher they heard was freedome of Religion
+      for all men; as also how sundrie from London, &amp; other parts of y<sup>e</sup>
+      land, had been exiled and persecuted for y<sup>e</sup> same cause, &amp;
+      were gone thither, and lived at Amsterdam, &amp; in other places of y<sup>e</sup>
+      land. So affter they had continued togeither aboute a year, and kept their
+      meetings every Saboth in one place or other, exercising the worship of God
+      amongst them selves, notwithstanding all y<sup>e</sup> dilligence &amp;
+      malice of their adverssaries, they seeing they could no longer continue in
+      y<sup>t</sup> condition, they resolved to get over into Holl&#257;d as
+      they could; which was in y<sup>e</sup> year 1607. &amp; 1608.; of which
+      more at large in y<sup>e</sup> next chap.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      <a name="Chap_b" id="Chap_b"></a>2. Chap.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <i>Of their departure into Holland and their troubls ther aboute, with
+      some of the many difficulties they found and mete withall</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      An<sup>o</sup>. 1608.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Being thus constrained to leave their native soyle and countrie, their
+      lands &amp; livings, and all their freinds &amp; famillier acquaintance,
+      it was much, and thought marvelous by many. But to goe into a countrie
+      they knew not (but by hearsay), wher they must <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>learne a new language, and get
+      their livings they knew not how, it being a dear place, &amp; subjecte to
+      y<sup>e</sup> misseries of warr, it was by many thought an adventure
+      almost desperate, a case intolerable, &amp; a misserie worse then death.
+      Espetially seeing they were not aquainted with trads nor traffique, (by
+      which y<sup>t</sup> countrie doth subsiste,) but had only been used to a
+      plaine countrie life, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> inocente trade of husbandrey.
+      But these things did not dismay them (though they did some times trouble
+      them) for their desires were sett on y<sup>e</sup> ways of God, &amp; to
+      injoye his ordinances; but they rested on his providence, &amp; knew whom
+      they had beleeved. Yet [8] this was not all, for though they could not
+      stay, yet were y<sup>e</sup> not suffered to goe, but y<sup>e</sup> ports
+      and havens were shut against them, so as they were faine to seeke secrete
+      means of conveance, &amp; to bribe &amp; fee y<sup>e</sup> mariners, &amp;
+      give exterordinarie rates for their passages. And yet were they often
+      times betrayed (many of them), and both they &amp; their goods intercepted
+      &amp; surprised, and therby put to great trouble &amp; charge, of which I
+      will give an instance or tow, &amp; omitte the rest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ther was a large companie of them purposed to get passage at Boston in
+      Lincoln-shire, and for that end had hired a shipe wholy to them selves,
+      &amp; made agreement with the maister to be ready at a certaine day, and
+      take them and their goods in, at a conveniente place, wher they
+      accordingly would all attende <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17"
+      id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>in readines. So after long waiting, &amp;
+      large expences, though he kepte not day with them, yet he came at length
+      &amp; tooke them in, in y<sup>e</sup> night. But when he had them &amp;
+      their goods abord, he betrayed them, haveing before hand complotted with y<sup>e</sup>
+      serchers &amp; other officers so to doe; who tooke them, and put them into
+      open boats, &amp; ther rifled &amp; ransaked them, searching them to their
+      shirts for money, yea even y<sup>e</sup> women furder then became
+      modestie; and then caried them back into y<sup>e</sup> towne, &amp; made
+      them a spectackle &amp; wonder to the multitude, which came flocking on
+      all sids to behould them. Being thus first, by the chatch-poule officers,
+      rifled, &amp; stripte of their money, books, and much other goods, they
+      were presented to y<sup>e</sup> magestrates, and messengers sente to
+      informe y<sup>e</sup> lords of y<sup>e</sup> Counsell of them; and so they
+      were com&#773;ited to ward. Indeed y<sup>e</sup> magestrats used them
+      courteously, and shewed them what favour they could; but could not deliver
+      them, till order came from y<sup>e</sup> Counsell-table. But y<sup>e</sup>
+      issue was that after a months imprisonmente, y<sup>e</sup> greatest parte
+      were dismiste, &amp; sent to y<sup>e</sup> places from whence they came;
+      but 7. of y<sup>e</sup> principall were still kept in prison, and bound
+      over to y<sup>e</sup> Assises.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The nexte spring after, ther was another attempte made by some of these
+      &amp; others, to get over at an other place. And it so fell out, that they
+      light of a Dutchman at Hull, having a ship of his owne belonging <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>to Zealand;
+      they made agreemente with him, and acquainted [9] him with their
+      condition, hoping to find more faithfullnes in him, then in y<sup>e</sup>
+      former of their owne nation. He bad them not fear, for he would doe well
+      enough. He was by appointment to take them in betweene Grimsbe &amp; Hull,
+      wher was a large com&#773;one a good way distante from any towne. Now
+      aganst the prefixed time, the women &amp; children, with y<sup>e</sup>
+      goods, were sent to y<sup>e</sup> place in a small barke, which they had
+      hired for y<sup>t</sup> end; and y<sup>e</sup> men were to meete them by
+      land. But it so fell out, that they were ther a day before y<sup>e</sup>
+      shipe came, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> sea being rough, and y<sup>e</sup> women
+      very sicke, prevailed with y<sup>e</sup> seamen to put into a creeke
+      hardby, wher they lay on ground at lowwater. The nexte morning y<sup>e</sup>
+      shipe came, but they were fast, &amp; could not stir till aboute noone. In
+      y<sup>e</sup> mean time, y<sup>e</sup> shipe maister, perceiveing how y<sup>e</sup>
+      matter was, sente his boate to be getting y<sup>e</sup> men abord whom he
+      saw ready, walking aboute y<sup>e</sup> shore. But after y<sup>e</sup>
+      first boat full was gott abord, &amp; she was ready to goe for more, the m<sup>r</sup>
+      espied a greate company, both horse &amp; foote, with bills, &amp; gunes,
+      &amp; other weapons; for y<sup>e</sup> countrie was raised to take them. Y<sup>e</sup>
+      Dutch-man seeing y<sup>t</sup>, swore his countries oath, "sacremente,"
+      and having y<sup>e</sup> wind faire, waiged his Ancor, hoysed sayles,
+      &amp; away. But y<sup>e</sup> poore men which were gott abord, were in
+      great distress for their wives and children, which they saw thus to be
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>taken,
+      and were left destitute of their helps; and them selves also, not having a
+      cloath to shifte them with, more then they had on their baks, &amp; some
+      scarce a peney aboute them, all they had being abord y<sup>e</sup> barke.
+      It drew tears from their eyes, and any thing they had they would have
+      given to have been a shore againe; but all in vaine, ther was no remedy,
+      they must thus sadly part. And afterward endured a fearfull storme at sea,
+      being 14. days or more before y<sup>ey</sup> arived at their porte, in 7.
+      wherof they neither saw son, moone, nor stars, &amp; were driven near y<sup>e</sup>
+      coast of Norway; the mariners them selves often despairing of life; and
+      once with shriks &amp; cries gave over all, as if y<sup>e</sup> ship had
+      been foundred in y<sup>e</sup> sea, &amp; they sinking without recoverie.
+      But when mans hope &amp; helpe wholy failed, y<sup>e</sup> Lords power
+      &amp; mercie appeared in ther recoverie; for y<sup>e</sup> ship rose
+      againe, &amp; gave y<sup>e</sup> mariners courage againe to manage her.
+      And if modestie woud suffer me, I might declare with what fervente [10]
+      prayres they cried unto y<sup>e</sup> Lord in this great distres,
+      (espetialy some of them,) even without any great distraction, when y<sup>e</sup>
+      water rane into their mouthes &amp; ears; &amp; the mariners cried out, We
+      sinke, we sinke; they cried (if not with mirakelous, yet with a great
+      hight or degree of devine faith), Yet Lord thou canst save, yet Lord thou
+      canst save; with shuch other expressions as I will forbeare. Upon which y<sup>e</sup>
+      ship did not only recover, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20"
+      id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>but shortly after y<sup>e</sup> violence of y<sup>e</sup>
+      storme begane to abate, and y<sup>e</sup> Lord filed their afflicted minds
+      with shuch comforts as every one can&#773;ot understand, and in y<sup>e</sup>
+      end brought them to their desired Haven, wher y<sup>e</sup> people came
+      flockeing admiring their deliverance, the storme having ben so longe &amp;
+      sore, in which much hurt had been don, as y<sup>e</sup> masters freinds
+      related unto him in their congrattulations.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But to returne to y<sup>e</sup> others wher we left. The rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+      men y<sup>t</sup> were in greatest danger, made shift to escape away
+      before y<sup>e</sup> troope could surprise them; those only staying y<sup>t</sup>
+      best might, to be assistante unto y<sup>e</sup> women. But pitifull it was
+      to see y<sup>e</sup> heavie case of these poore women in this distress;
+      what weeping &amp; crying on every side, some for their husbands, that
+      were caried away in y<sup>e</sup> ship as is before related; others not
+      knowing what should become of them, &amp; their litle ones; others againe
+      melted in teares, seeing their poore litle ones hanging aboute them,
+      crying for feare, and quaking with could. Being thus aprehended, they were
+      hurried from one place to another, and from one justice to another, till
+      in y<sup>e</sup> ende they knew not what to doe with them; for to imprison
+      so many women &amp; innocent children for no other cause (many of them)
+      but that they must goe with their husbands, semed to be unreasonable and
+      all would crie out of them; and to send them home againe was as difficult,
+      for they aledged, as y<sup>e</sup> trueth was, they had <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>no homes to
+      goe to, for they had either sould, or otherwise disposed of their houses
+      &amp; livings. To be shorte, after they had been thus turmolyed a good
+      while, and conveyed from one constable to another, they were glad to be
+      ridd of them in y<sup>e</sup> end upon any termes; for all were wearied
+      &amp; tired with them. Though in y<sup>e</sup> mean time they (poore
+      soules) indured miserie enough; and thus in the end necessitie forste a
+      way for them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But y<sup>t</sup> I be not tedious in these things, I will omitte y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest, though I might relate many other notable passages and troubles which
+      they endured &amp; underwente in these their wanderings &amp; travells
+      both at land &amp; sea; but I hast to [11] other things. Yet I may not
+      omitte y<sup>e</sup> fruite that came hearby, for by these so publick
+      troubls, in so many eminente places, their cause became famouss, &amp;
+      occasioned many to looke into y<sup>e</sup> same; and their godly cariage
+      &amp; Christian behaviour was such as left a deep impression in the minds
+      of many. And though some few shrunk at these first conflicts &amp; sharp
+      beginings, (as it was no marvell,) yet many more came on with fresh
+      courage, &amp; greatly animated others. And in y<sup>e</sup> end,
+      notwithstanding all these stormes of oppossition, they all gatt over at
+      length, some at one time &amp; some at an other, and some in one place
+      &amp; some in an other, and mette togeather againe according to their
+      desires, with no small rejoycing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      <a name="The_3_Chap" id="The_3_Chap"></a>The 3. Chap.
+    </h3>
+    <p class="center">
+      <i>Of their setling in Holand, &amp; their maner of living, &amp;
+      entertainmente ther.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Being now come into y<sup>e</sup> Low Countries, they saw many goodly
+      &amp; fortified cities, strongly walled and garded with troopes of armed
+      men. Also they heard a strange &amp; uncouth language, and beheld y<sup>e</sup>
+      differente man&#773;ers &amp; customes of y<sup>e</sup> people, with their
+      strange fashons and attires; all so farre differing from y<sup>t</sup> of
+      their plaine countrie villages (wherin they were bred, &amp; had so longe
+      lived) as it seemed they were come into a new world. But these were not y<sup>e</sup>
+      things they much looked on, or long tooke up their thoughts; for they had
+      other work in hand, &amp; an other kind of warr to wage &amp; maintaine.
+      For though they saw faire &amp; bewtifull cities, flowing with abundance
+      of all sorts of welth &amp; riches, yet it was not longe before they saw
+      the grim&#773;e &amp; grisly face of povertie coming upon them like an
+      armed man, with whom they must bukle &amp; incounter, and from whom they
+      could not flye; but they were armed with faith &amp; patience against him,
+      and all his encounters; and though they were sometimes foyled, yet by Gods
+      assistance they prevailed and got y<sup>e</sup> victorie.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Now when M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson, M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, &amp; other
+      principall <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span>members
+      were come over, (for they were of y<sup>e</sup> last, &amp; stayed to help
+      y<sup>e</sup> weakest over before them,) such things were [12] thought on
+      as were necessarie for their setling and best ordering of y<sup>e</sup>
+      church affairs. And when they had lived at Amsterdam aboute a year, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Robinson, their pastor, and some others of best discerning, seeing how M<sup>r</sup>.
+      John Smith and his companie was allready fallen in to contention with y<sup>e</sup>
+      church y<sup>t</sup> was ther before them, &amp; no means they could use
+      would doe any good to cure y<sup>e</sup> same, and also that y<sup>e</sup>
+      flames of contention were like to breake out in y<sup>t</sup> anciente
+      church it selfe (as affterwards lamentably came to pass); which things
+      they prudently foreseeing, thought it was best to remove, before they were
+      any way engaged with y<sup>e</sup> same; though they well knew it would be
+      much to y<sup>e</sup> prejudice of their outward estats, both at presente
+      &amp; in licklyhood in y<sup>e</sup> future; as indeed it proved to be.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      <i>Their remoovall to Leyden.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For these &amp; some other reasons they removed to Leyden, a fair &amp;
+      bewtifull citie, and of a sweete situation, but made more famous by y<sup>e</sup>
+      universitie wherwith it is adorned, in which of late had been so many
+      learned men. But wanting that traffike by sea which Amsterdam injoyes, it
+      was not so beneficiall for their outward means of living &amp; estats. But
+      being now hear pitchet they fell to such trads &amp; imployments as they
+      best <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>could;
+      valewing peace &amp; their spirituall comforte above any other riches
+      whatsoever. And at lenght they came to raise a competente &amp;
+      comforteable living, but with hard and continuall labor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Being thus setled (after many difficulties) they continued many years in a
+      comfortable condition, injoying much sweete &amp; delightefull societie
+      &amp; spirituall comforte togeather in y<sup>e</sup> wayes of God, under y<sup>e</sup>
+      able ministrie, and prudente governmente of M<sup>r</sup>. John Robinson,
+      &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. William Brewster, who was an assistante unto him in y<sup>e</sup>
+      place of an Elder, unto which he was now called &amp; chosen by the
+      church. So as they grew in knowledge &amp; other gifts &amp; graces of y<sup>e</sup>
+      spirite of God, &amp; lived togeather in peace, &amp; love, and holines;
+      and many came unto them from diverse parts of England, so as they grew a
+      great congregation. And if at any time any differences arose, or offences
+      broak[13] out (as it cannot be, but some time ther will, even amongst y<sup>e</sup>
+      best of men) they were ever so mete with, and nipt in y<sup>e</sup> head
+      betims, or otherwise so well composed, as still love, peace, and communion
+      was continued; or els y<sup>e</sup> church purged of those that were
+      incurable &amp; incorrigible, when, after much patience used, no other
+      means would serve, which seldom came to pass. Yea such was y<sup>e</sup>
+      mutuall love, &amp; reciprocall respecte that this worthy man had to his
+      flocke, and his flocke to him, that it might be said of them as it once
+      was of y<sup>t</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>famouse
+      Emperour Marcus Aurelious,<a name="FNanchor_K_11" id="FNanchor_K_11"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_K_11" class="fnanchor">[K]</a> and y<sup>e</sup> people of
+      Rome, that it was hard to judge wheather he delighted more in haveing
+      shuch a people, or they in haveing such a pastor. His love was greate
+      towards them, and his care was all ways bente for their best good, both
+      for soule and body; for besids his singuler abilities in devine things
+      (wherin he excelled), he was also very able to give directions in civill
+      affaires, and to foresee dangers &amp; inconveniences; by w<sup>ch</sup>
+      means he was very helpfull to their outward estats, &amp; so was every way
+      as a commone father unto them. And none did more offend him then those
+      that were close and cleaving to them selves, and retired from y<sup>e</sup>
+      comm&#333;e good; as also such as would be stiffe &amp; riged in matters
+      of outward order, and invey against y<sup>e</sup> evills of others, and
+      yet be remisse in them selves, and not so carefull to express a vertuous
+      conversation. They in like maner had ever a reverente regard unto him,
+      &amp; had him in precious estimation, as his worth &amp; wisdom did
+      deserve; and though they esteemed him highly whilst he lived &amp;
+      laboured amongst them, yet much more after his death, when they came to
+      feele y<sup>e</sup> wante of his help, and saw (by woefull experience)
+      what a treasure they had lost, to y<sup>e</sup> greefe of their harts, and
+      wounding of their sowls; yea such a loss as they saw could not be
+      repaired; for it was as hard for them to find such another leader and
+      feeder in all respects, as for y<sup>e</sup> Taborits to find another
+      Ziska. And though they did not call themselves <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>orphans, as the other did,
+      after his death, yet they had cause as much to lamente, in another regard,
+      their present condition, and after usage. But to returne; I know not but
+      it may be spoken to y<sup>e</sup> honour of God, &amp; without prejudice
+      [14] to any, that such was y<sup>e</sup> true pietie, y<sup>e</sup> humble
+      zeale, &amp; fervent love, of this people (whilst they thus lived
+      together) towards God and his waies, and y<sup>e</sup> single hartednes
+      &amp; sinceir affection one towards another, that they came as near y<sup>e</sup>
+      primative patterne of y<sup>e</sup> first churches, as any other church of
+      these later times have done, according to their ranke &amp; qualitie.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But seeing it is not my purpose to treat of y<sup>e</sup> severall
+      passages that befell this people whilst they thus lived in y<sup>e</sup>
+      Low Countries, (which might worthily require a large treatise of it
+      selfe,) but to make way to shew y<sup>e</sup> begining of this plantation,
+      which is that I aime at; yet because some of their adversaries did, upon y<sup>e</sup>
+      rumore of their removall, cast out slanders against them, as if that state
+      had been wearie of them, &amp; had rather driven them out (as y<sup>e</sup>
+      heathen historians did faine of Moyses &amp; y<sup>e</sup> Isralits when
+      they went out of Egipte), then y<sup>t</sup> it was their owne free choyse
+      &amp; motion, I will therfore mention a perticuler or too to shew y<sup>e</sup>
+      contrary, and the good acceptation they had in y<sup>e</sup> place wher
+      they lived. And first though many of them weer poore, yet ther was none so
+      poore, but if they were known to be of y<sup>t</sup> congregation, <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>the <i>Dutch</i>
+      (either bakers or others) would trust them in any reasonable matter when y<sup>ey</sup>
+      wanted money. Because they had found by experience how carfull they were
+      to keep their word, and saw them so painfull &amp; dilligente in their
+      callings; yea, they would strive to gett their custome, and to imploy them
+      above others, in their worke, for their honestie &amp; diligence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Againe; y<sup>e</sup> magistrats of y<sup>e</sup> citie, aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      time of their coming away, or a litle before, in y<sup>e</sup> publick
+      place of justice, gave this comendable testemoney of them, in y<sup>e</sup>
+      reproofe of the Wallons, who were of y<sup>e</sup> French church in y<sup>t</sup>
+      citie. These English, said they, have lived amongst us now this 12. years,
+      and yet we never had any sute or accusation came against any of them; but
+      your strifs &amp; quarels are continuall, &amp;c. In these times allso
+      were y<sup>e</sup> great troubls raised by y<sup>e</sup> Arminians, who,
+      as they greatly mollested y<sup>e</sup> whole state, so this citie in
+      particuler, in which was y<sup>e</sup> cheefe universitie; so as ther were
+      dayly &amp; hote disputs in y<sup>e</sup> schooles ther aboute; and as y<sup>e</sup>
+      studients &amp; other lerned were devided in their oppinions hearin, so
+      were y<sup>e</sup> 2. proffessors or devinitie readers them selves; the
+      one daly teaching for it, y<sup>e</sup> other against it. Which grew to
+      that pass, that few of the discipls of y<sup>e</sup> one would hear y<sup>e</sup>
+      other teach. But M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson, though he taught thrise a weeke
+      him selfe, &amp; write sundrie books, besids his manyfould pains
+      otherwise, yet he went constantly [15] to hear ther readings, <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>and heard y<sup>e</sup>
+      one as well as y<sup>e</sup> other; by which means he was so well grounded
+      in y<sup>e</sup> controversie, and saw y<sup>e</sup> force of all their
+      arguments, and knew y<sup>e</sup> shifts of y<sup>e</sup> adversarie, and
+      being him selfe very able, none was fitter to buckle with them then him
+      selfe, as appered by sundrie disputs; so as he begane to be terrible to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Arminians; which made Episcopius (y<sup>e</sup> Arminian professor) to put
+      forth his best stringth, and set forth sundrie Theses, which by publick
+      dispute he would defend against all men. Now Poliander y<sup>e</sup> other
+      proffessor, and y<sup>e</sup> cheefe preachers of y<sup>e</sup> citie,
+      desired M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson to dispute against him; but he was loath,
+      being a stranger; yet the other did importune him, and tould him y<sup>t</sup>
+      such was y<sup>e</sup> abilitie and nimblnes of y<sup>e</sup> adversarie,
+      that y<sup>e</sup> truth would suffer if he did not help them. So as he
+      condescended, &amp; prepared him selfe against the time; and when y<sup>e</sup>
+      day came, the Lord did so help him to defend y<sup>e</sup> truth &amp;
+      foyle this adversarie, as he put him to an apparent nonplus, in this great
+      &amp; publike audience. And y<sup>e</sup> like he did a 2. or 3. time,
+      upon such like occasions. The which as it caused many to praise God y<sup>t</sup>
+      the trueth had so famous victory, so it procured him much honour &amp;
+      respecte from those lerned men &amp; others which loved y<sup>e</sup>
+      trueth. Yea, so farr were they from being weary of him &amp; his people,
+      or desiring their absence, as it was said by some, of no mean note, that
+      were it not for giveing offence to y<sup>e</sup> state <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>of England,
+      they would have preferd him otherwise if he would, and alowd them some
+      publike favour. Yea when ther was speech of their remoovall into these
+      parts, sundrie of note &amp; eminencie of y<sup>t</sup> nation would have
+      had them come under them, and for y<sup>t</sup> end made them large
+      offers. Now though I might aledg many other perticulers &amp; examples of
+      the like kinde, to shew y<sup>e</sup> untruth &amp; unlicklyhode of this
+      slander, yet these shall suffice, seeing it was beleeved of few, being
+      only raised by y<sup>e</sup> malice of some, who laboured their disgrace.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      <a name="The_4_Chap" id="The_4_Chap"></a>The 4. Chap.
+    </h3>
+    <p class="center">
+      <i>Showing y<sup>e</sup> reasons &amp; causes of their remoovall.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After they had lived in this citie about some 11. or 12. years, (which is
+      y<sup>e</sup> more observable being y<sup>e</sup> whole time of y<sup>t</sup>
+      famose truce between that state &amp; y<sup>e</sup> Spaniards,) and
+      sundrie of them were taken away by death, &amp; many others begane to be
+      well striken in years, the grave mistris Experience haveing taught them
+      many things, [16] those prudent governours with sundrie of y<sup>e</sup>
+      sagest members begane both deeply to apprehend their present dangers,
+      &amp; wisely to foresee y<sup>e</sup> future, &amp; thinke of timly
+      remedy. In y<sup>e</sup> agitation of their thoughts, and much discours of
+      things hear aboute, at length they began to incline to this conclusion, of
+      remoovall to some other place. Not out of any newfanglednes, or other such
+      like giddie humor, by which men are oftentimes transported to their <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>great hurt
+      &amp; danger, but for sundrie weightie &amp; solid reasons; some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheefe of which I will hear breefly touch. And first, they saw &amp; found
+      by experience the hardnes of y<sup>e</sup> place &amp; countrie to be
+      such, as few in comparison would come to them, and fewer that would bide
+      it out, and continew with them. For many y<sup>t</sup> came to them, and
+      many more y<sup>t</sup> desired to be with them, could not endure y<sup>t</sup>
+      great labor and hard fare, with other inconveniences which they underwent
+      &amp; were contented with. But though they loved their persons, approved
+      their cause, and honoured their sufferings, yet they left them as it weer
+      weeping, as Orpah did her mother in law Naomie, or as those Romans did
+      Cato in Utica, who desired to be excused &amp; borne with, though they
+      could not all be Catoes. For many, though they desired to injoye y<sup>e</sup>
+      ordinances of God in their puritie, and y<sup>e</sup> libertie of the
+      gospell with them, yet, alass, they admitted of bondage, with danger of
+      conscience, rather then to indure these hardships; yea, some preferred
+      &amp; chose y<sup>e</sup> prisons in England, rather then this libertie in
+      Holland, with these afflictions. But it was thought that if a better and
+      easier place of living could be had, it would draw many, &amp; take away
+      these discouragments. Yea, their pastor would often say, that many of
+      those w<sup>o</sup> both wrate &amp; preached now against them, if they
+      were in a place wher they might have libertie and live comfortably, they
+      would then practise as they did.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      2<sup>ly</sup>. They saw that though y<sup>e</sup> people generally bore
+      all these difficulties very cherfully, &amp; with a resolute courage,
+      being in y<sup>e</sup> best &amp; strength of their years, yet old age
+      began to steale on many of them, (and their great &amp; continuall
+      labours, with other crosses and sorrows, hastened it before y<sup>e</sup>
+      time,) so as it was not only probably thought, but apparently seen, that
+      within a few years more they would be in danger to scatter, by necessities
+      pressing them, or sinke under their burdens, or both. And therfore
+      according to y<sup>e</sup> devine proverb, y<sup>t</sup> a wise man seeth
+      y<sup>e</sup> plague when it cometh, &amp; hideth him selfe, Pro. 22. 3.,
+      so they like skillfull &amp; beaten souldiers were fearfull either to be
+      intrapped or surrounded by their enimies, so as they should neither be
+      able to fight nor flie; and therfor thought it better to dislodge betimes
+      to some place of better advantage &amp; less danger, if any such could be
+      found. [16] Thirdly; as necessitie was a taskmaster over them, so they
+      were forced to be such, not only to their servants, but in a sorte, to
+      their dearest chilldren; the which as it did not a litle wound y<sup>e</sup>
+      tender harts of many a loving father &amp; mother, so it produced likwise
+      sundrie sad &amp; sorowful effects. For many of their children, that were
+      of best dispositions and gracious inclinations, haveing lernde to bear y<sup>e</sup>
+      yoake in their youth, and willing to bear parte of their parents burden,
+      were, often times, so oppressed with their hevie labours, that though
+      their minds were free and willing, yet their bodies bowed <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>under y<sup>e</sup>
+      weight of y<sup>e</sup> same, and became decreped in their early youth;
+      the vigor of nature being consumed in y<sup>e</sup> very budd as it were.
+      But that which was more lamentable, and of all sorowes most heavie to be
+      borne, was that many of their children, by these occasions, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      great licentiousnes of youth in y<sup>t</sup> countrie, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      manifold temptations of the place, were drawne away by evill examples into
+      extravagante &amp; dangerous courses, getting y<sup>e</sup> raines off
+      their neks, &amp; departing from their parents. Some became souldiers,
+      others tooke upon them farr viages by sea, and other some worse courses,
+      tending to dissolutnes &amp; the danger of their soules, to y<sup>e</sup>
+      great greefe of their parents and dishonour of God. So that they saw their
+      posteritie would be in danger to degenerate &amp; be corrupted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lastly, (and which was not least,) a great hope &amp; inward zeall they
+      had of laying some good foundation, or at least to make some way therunto,
+      for y<sup>e</sup> propagating &amp; advancing y<sup>e</sup> gospell of y<sup>e</sup>
+      kingdom of Christ in those remote parts of y<sup>e</sup> world; yea,
+      though they should be but even as stepping-stones unto others for y<sup>e</sup>
+      performing of so great a work.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These, &amp; some other like reasons, moved them to undertake this
+      resolution of their removall; the which they afterward prosecuted with so
+      great difficulties, as by the sequell will appeare.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The place they had thoughts on was some of those vast &amp; unpeopled
+      countries of America, which are frutfull <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span>&amp; fitt for habitation,
+      being devoyd of all civill inhabitants, wher ther are only salvage &amp;
+      brutish men, which range up and downe, litle otherwise then y<sup>e</sup>
+      wild beasts of the same. This proposition being made publike and coming to
+      y<sup>e</sup> scaning of all, it raised many variable opinions amongst
+      men, and caused many fears &amp; doubts amongst them selves. Some, from
+      their reasons &amp; hops conceived, laboured to stirr up &amp; incourage
+      the rest to undertake &amp; prosecute y<sup>e</sup> same; others, againe,
+      out of their fears, objected against it, &amp; sought to diverte from it,
+      aledging many things, and those neither unreasonable nor unprobable; as
+      that it was a great designe, and subjecte to many unconceivable perills
+      &amp; dangers; as, besids the casulties of y<sup>e</sup> seas (which none
+      can be freed from) the length of y<sup>e</sup> vioage was such, as y<sup>e</sup>
+      weake bodys of women and other persons worne out with age &amp; traville
+      (as many of them were) could never be able to endure. And yet if they
+      should, the miseries of y<sup>e</sup> land which they should be [17]
+      exposed unto, would be to hard to be borne; and lickly, some or all of
+      them togeither, to consume &amp; utterly to ruinate them. For ther they
+      should be liable to famine, and nakednes, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> wante, in a
+      maner, of all things. The chang of aire, diate, &amp; drinking of water,
+      would infecte their bodies with sore sickneses, and greevous diseases. And
+      also those which should escape or overcome these difficulties, should yett
+      be in continuall danger of y<sup>e</sup> salvage people, who are <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>cruell,
+      barbarous, &amp; most trecherous, being most furious in their rage, and
+      merciles wher they overcome; not being contente only to kill, &amp; take
+      away life, but delight to tormente men in y<sup>e</sup> most bloodie man&#773;er
+      that may be; fleaing some alive with y<sup>e</sup> shells of fishes,
+      cutting of y<sup>e</sup> members &amp; joynts of others by peesmeale, and
+      broiling on y<sup>e</sup> coles, eate y<sup>e</sup> collops of their flesh
+      in their sight whilst they live; with other cruelties horrible to be
+      related. And surely it could not be thought but y<sup>e</sup> very hearing
+      of these things could not but move y<sup>e</sup> very bowels of men to
+      grate within them, and make y<sup>e</sup> weake to quake &amp; tremble. It
+      was furder objected, that it would require greater sum&#773;es of money to
+      furnish such a voiage, and to fitt them with necessaries, then their
+      consumed estats would amounte too; and yett they must as well looke to be
+      seconded with supplies, as presently to be tr&#257;sported. Also many
+      presidents of ill success, &amp; lamentable misseries befalne others in
+      the like designes, were easie to be found, and not forgotten to be
+      aledged; besids their owne experience, in their former troubles &amp;
+      hardships in their removall into Holand, and how hard a thing it was for
+      them to live in that strange place, though it was a neighbour countrie,
+      &amp; a civill and rich comone wealth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was answered, that all great &amp; honourable actions are accompanied
+      with great difficulties, and must be both enterprised and overcome with
+      answerable courages. It was granted y<sup>e</sup> dangers were great, but
+      not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span>desperate;
+      the difficulties were many, but not invincible. For though their were many
+      of them likly, yet they were not cartaine; it might be sundrie of y<sup>e</sup>
+      things feared might never befale; others by providente care &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      use of good means, might in a great measure be prevented; and all of them,
+      through y<sup>e</sup> help of God, by fortitude and patience, might either
+      be borne, or overcome. True it was, that such atempts were not to be made
+      and undertaken without good ground &amp; reason; not rashly or lightly as
+      many have done for curiositie or hope of gaine, &amp;c. But their
+      condition was not ordinarie; their ends were good &amp; honourable; their
+      calling lawfull, &amp; urgente; and therfore they might expecte y<sup>e</sup>
+      blessing of God in their proceding. Yea, though they should loose their
+      lives in this action, yet might they have comforte in the same, and their
+      endeavors would be honourable. They lived hear but as men in exile, &amp;
+      in a poore condition; and as great miseries might possibly befale them in
+      this place, for y<sup>e</sup> 12. years of truce were now out, &amp; ther
+      was nothing but beating of drumes, and preparing for warr, the events
+      wherof are allway uncertaine. Y<sup>e</sup> Spaniard might prove as cruell
+      as [18] the salvages of America, and y<sup>e</sup> famine and pestelence
+      as sore hear as ther, &amp; their libertie less to looke out for remedie.
+      After many other perticuler things answered &amp; aledged on both sids, it
+      was fully concluded by y<sup>e</sup> major parte, to put this designe in
+      execution, and to prosecute it by the best means they could.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      <a name="The_5_Chap" id="The_5_Chap"></a>The 5. Chap.
+    </h3>
+    <p class="center">
+      <i>Shewing what means they used for preparation to this waightie vioag.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And first after thir humble praiers unto God for his direction &amp;
+      assistance, &amp; a generall conferrence held hear aboute, they consulted
+      what perticuler place to pitch upon, &amp; prepare for. Some (&amp; none
+      of y<sup>e</sup> meanest) had thoughts &amp; were ernest for Guiana, or
+      some of those fertill places in those hott climats; others were for some
+      parts of Virginia, wher y<sup>e</sup> English had all ready made
+      enterance, &amp; begining. Those for Guiana aledged that the cuntrie was
+      rich, fruitfull, &amp; blessed with a perpetuall spring, and a florishing
+      greenes; where vigorous nature brought forth all things in abundance &amp;
+      plentie without any great labour or art of man. So as it must needs make y<sup>e</sup>
+      inhabitants rich, seing less provisions of clothing and other things would
+      serve, then in more coulder &amp; less frutfull countries must be had. As
+      also y<sup>t</sup> the Spaniards (having much more then they could
+      possess) had not yet planted there, nor any where very near y<sup>e</sup>
+      same. But to this it was answered, that out of question y<sup>e</sup>
+      countrie was both frutfull and pleasante, and might yeeld riches &amp;
+      maintenance to y<sup>e</sup> possessors, more easily then y<sup>e</sup>
+      other; yet, other things considered, <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span>it would not be so fitt for
+      them. And first, y<sup>t</sup> such hott countries are subject to greevuos
+      diseases, and many noysome impediments, which other more temperate places
+      are freer from, and would not so well agree with our English bodys.
+      Againe, if they should ther live, &amp; doe well, the jealous Spaniard
+      would never suffer them long, but would displante or overthrow them, as he
+      did y<sup>e</sup> French in Florida, who were seated furder from his
+      richest countries; and the sooner because they should have none to protect
+      them, &amp; their owne strength would be too smale to resiste so potent an
+      enemie, &amp; so neare a neighbor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On y<sup>e</sup> other hand, for Virginia it was objected, that if they
+      lived among y<sup>e</sup> English w<sup>ch</sup> wear ther planted, or so
+      near them as to be under their goverment, they should be in as great
+      danger to be troubled and persecuted for the cause of religion, as if they
+      lived in England, and it might be worse. And if they lived too farr of,
+      they should neither have succour, nor defence from them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But at length y<sup>e</sup> conclusion was, to live as a distincte body by
+      them selves, under y<sup>e</sup> generall Goverment of Virginia; and by
+      their freinds to sue to his majestie that he would be pleased to grant
+      them freedome of Religion; and y<sup>t</sup> this might be obtained, they
+      wear putt in good hope by some great persons, of good ranke &amp;
+      qualitie, that were made their freinds. <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>Whereupon 2. were chosen [19]
+      &amp; sent in to England (at y<sup>e</sup> charge of y<sup>e</sup> rest)
+      to sollicite this matter, who found the Virginia Company very desirous to
+      have them goe thither, and willing to grante them a patent, with as ample
+      priviliges as they had, or could grant to any, and to give them the best
+      furderance they could. And some of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of y<sup>t</sup>
+      company douted not to obtaine their suite of y<sup>e</sup> king for
+      liberty in Religion, and to have it confirmed under y<sup>e</sup> kings
+      broad seale, according to their desires. But it prooved a harder peece of
+      worke then they tooke it for; for though many means were used to bring it
+      aboute, yet it could not be effected; for ther were diverse of good worth
+      laboured with the king to obtaine it, (amongst whom was one of his cheefe
+      secretaries,<a name="FNanchor_L_12" id="FNanchor_L_12"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_L_12" class="fnanchor">[L]</a>) and some other wrought
+      with y<sup>e</sup> archbishop to give way therunto; but it proved all in
+      vaine. Yet thus farr they prevailed, in sounding his majesties mind, that
+      he would connive at them, &amp; not molest them, provided they carried
+      them selves peacably. But to allow or tolerate them by his publick
+      authoritie, under his seale, they found it would not be. And this was all
+      the cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> Virginia companie or any other of their best
+      freinds could doe in the case. Yet they perswaded them to goe on, for they
+      presumed they should not be troubled. And with this answer y<sup>e</sup>
+      messengers returned, and signified what diligence had bene used, and to
+      what issue things were come. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39"
+      id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But this made a dampe in y<sup>e</sup> busines, and caused some
+      distraction, for many were afraid that if they should unsetle them selves,
+      &amp; put of their estates, and goe upon these hopes, it might prove
+      dangerous, and but a sandie foundation. Yea, it was thought they might
+      better have presumed hear upon without makeing any suite at all, then,
+      haveing made it, to be thus rejected. But some of y<sup>e</sup> cheefest
+      thought other wise, and y<sup>t</sup> they might well proceede hereupon,
+      &amp; that y<sup>e</sup> kings majestie was willing enough to suffer them
+      without molestation, though for other reasons he would not confirme it by
+      any publick acte. And furdermore, if ther was no securitie in this promise
+      intimated, ther would be no great certainty in a furder confirmation of y<sup>e</sup>
+      same; for if after wards ther should be a purpose or desire to wrong them,
+      though they had a seale as broad as y<sup>e</sup> house flore, it would
+      not serve y<sup>e</sup> turne; for ther would be means enew found to
+      recall or reverse it. Seeing therfore the course was probable, they must
+      rest herein on Gods providence, as they had done in other things.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Upon this resolution, other messengers were dispatched, to end with y<sup>e</sup>
+      Virginia Company as well as they could. And to procure [20] a patent with
+      as good and ample conditions as they might by any good means obtaine. As
+      also to treate and conclude with such merchants and other freinds as had
+      manifested <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span>their
+      forwardnes to provoke too and adventure in this vioage. For which end they
+      had instructions given them upon what conditions they should proceed with
+      them, or els to conclude nothing without further advice. And here it will
+      be requisite to inserte a letter or too that may give light to these
+      proceedings.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>A coppie of leter from Sir Edwin Sands, directed to M<sup>r</sup>.
+        John Robinson &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. William Brewster.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        After my hartie salutations. The agents of your congregation, Robert
+        Cushman &amp; John Carver, have been in com&#773;unication with diverse
+        selecte gentlemen of his Majesties Counsell for Virginia; and by y<sup>e</sup>
+        writing of 7. Articles subscribed with your names, have given them y<sup>t</sup>
+        good degree of satisfaction, which hath caried them on with a resolution
+        to sett forward your desire in y<sup>e</sup> best sorte y<sup>t</sup>
+        may be, for your owne &amp; the publick good. Divers perticulers wherof
+        we leave to their faithfull reporte; having carried them selves heere
+        with that good discretion, as is both to their owne and their credite
+        from whence they came. And wheras being to treate for a multitude of
+        people, they have requested further time to conferr with them that are
+        to be interessed in this action, aboute y<sup>e</sup> severall
+        particularities which in y<sup>e</sup> prosecution therof will fall out
+        considerable, it hath been very willingly assented too. And so they doe
+        now returne unto you. If therfore it may please God so to directe your
+        desires as that on your parts ther fall out no just impediments, I trust
+        by y<sup>e</sup> same direction it shall likewise appear, that on our
+        parte, all forwardnes to set you forward shall be found in the best
+        sorte which with reason may be expected. And so I betake you with this
+        designe (w<sup>ch</sup> I hope verily is y<sup>e</sup> worke of God), to
+        the gracious protection and blessing of the Highest.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your very loving freind
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Edwin Sandys.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        London, Nov&#771;b<sup>r</sup> 12.
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dp_lt">
+        An<sup>o</sup> 1617.
+      </div>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span>
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>Their answer was as foloweth.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Righte Wor<sup>pl</sup>:
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Our humble duties remembred, in our owne, our messengers, and our
+        churches name, with all thankfull acknowledgmente of your singuler love,
+        expressing [21] itselfe, as otherwise, so more spetially in your great
+        care and earnest endeavor of our good in this weightie bussines aboute
+        Virginia, which y<sup>e</sup> less able we are to requite, we shall
+        thinke our selves the more bound to commend in our prayers unto God for
+        recompence; whom, as for y<sup>e</sup> presente you rightly behould in
+        our indeavors, so shall we not be wanting on our parts (the same God
+        assisting us) to returne all answerable fruite, and respecte unto y<sup>e</sup>
+        labour of your love bestowed upon us. We have with y<sup>e</sup> best
+        speed and consideration withall that we could, sett downe our requests
+        in writing, subscribed, as you willed, w<sup>th</sup> the hands of y<sup>e</sup>
+        greatest parte of our congregation, and have sente y<sup>e</sup> same
+        unto y<sup>e</sup> Counsell by our agente, &amp; a deacon of our church,
+        John Carver, unto whom we have also requested a gentleman of our company
+        to adyone him selfe; to the care &amp; discretion of which two, we doe
+        referr y<sup>e</sup> prosecuting of y<sup>e</sup> bussines. Now we
+        perswade our selves Right Wor<sup>pp</sup>: that we need not provoke
+        your godly &amp; loving minde to any further or more tender care of us,
+        since you have pleased so farr to interest us in your selfe, that, under
+        God, above all persons and things in the world, we relye upon you,
+        expecting the care of your love, counsell of your wisdome, &amp; the
+        help &amp; countenance of your authority. Notwithstanding, for your
+        encouragmente in y<sup>e</sup> worke, so farr as probabilities may
+        leade, we will not forbeare to mention these instances of indusmente.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        1. We veryly beleeve &amp; trust y<sup>e</sup> Lord is with us, unto
+        whom &amp; whose service we have given our selves in many trialls; and
+        that he will graciously prosper our indeavours according to y<sup>e</sup>
+        simplicitie of our harts therin. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42"
+        id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        2<sup>ly</sup>. We are well weaned from y<sup>e</sup> delicate milke of
+        our mother countrie, and enured to y<sup>e</sup> difficulties of a
+        strange and hard land, which yet in a great parte we have by patience
+        overcome.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        3<sup>ly</sup>. The people are for the body of them, industrious, &amp;
+        frugall, we thinke we may safly say, as any company of people in the
+        world.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        4<sup>ly</sup>. We are knite togeather as a body in a most stricte &amp;
+        sacred bond and covenante of the Lord, of the violation<a
+        name="FNanchor_M_13" id="FNanchor_M_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_M_13"
+        class="fnanchor">[M]</a> wherof we make great conscience, and by vertue
+        wherof we doe hould our selves straitly tied to all care of each others
+        good, and of y<sup>e</sup> whole by every one and so mutually.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        5. Lastly, it is not with us as with other men, whom small things can
+        discourage, or small discontentments cause to wish them selves at home
+        againe. We knowe our entertainmente in England, and in Holand; we shall
+        much prejudice both our arts &amp; means by removall; who, if we should
+        be driven to returne, we should not hope to recover our present helps
+        and comforts, neither indeed looke ever, for our selves, to attaine unto
+        y<sup>e</sup> like in any other place during our lives, w<sup>ch</sup>
+        are now drawing towards their periods.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>[22]
+        These motives we have been bould to tender unto you, which you in your
+        wisdome may also imparte to any other our wor<sup>pp</sup>: freinds of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Counsell with you; of all whose godly dispossition and loving towards
+        our despised persons, we are most glad, &amp; shall not faile by all
+        good means to continue &amp; increase y<sup>e</sup> same. We will not be
+        further troublesome, but doe, with y<sup>e</sup> renewed remembrance of
+        our humble duties to your Wor<sup>pp</sup>: and (so farr as in modestie
+        we may be bould) to any other of our wellwillers of the Counsell with
+        you, we take our leaves, com&#773;iting your persons and counsels to y<sup>e</sup>
+        guidance and direction of the Almighty.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Yours much bounden in all duty,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John Robinson,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">William Brewster.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Leyden, Desem: 15.
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        &nbsp; &nbsp;An<sup>o</sup>: 1617.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <p>
+      For further light in these proceedings see some other letters &amp; notes
+      as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>The coppy of a letter sent to S<sup>r</sup>. John Worssenham.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Right Wor<sup>pll</sup>: with due acknowledgmente of our thankfullnse
+        for your singular care &amp; pains in the bussines of Virginia, for our,
+        &amp;, we hope, the com&#773;one good, we doe remember our humble dutys
+        unto you, and have sent inclosed, as is required, a further explanation
+        of our judgments in the 3. points specified by some of his majesties Hon<sup>bl</sup>
+        Privie Counsell; and though it be greevious unto us that such unjust
+        insinuations are made against us, yet we are most glad of y<sup>e</sup>
+        occasion of making our just purgation unto so honourable personages. The
+        declarations we have sent inclosed, the one more breefe &amp; generall,
+        which we thinke y<sup>e</sup> fitter to be presented; the other
+        something more large, and in which we express some smale accidentall
+        differances, which if it seeme good unto you and other of our wor<sup>pl</sup>
+        freinds, you may send in stead of y<sup>e</sup> former. Our prayers
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>unto
+        God is, y<sup>t</sup> your Wor<sup>pp</sup> may see the frute of your
+        worthy endeaours, which on our parts we shall not faile to furder by all
+        good means in us. And so praing y<sup>t</sup> you would please with y<sup>e</sup>
+        convenientest speed y<sup>t</sup> may be, to give us knowledge of y<sup>e</sup>
+        success of y<sup>e</sup> bussines with his majesties Privie Counsell,
+        and accordingly what your further pleasure is, either for our direction
+        or furtherance in y<sup>e</sup> same, so we rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your Wor<sup>pp</sup> in all duty,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John Robinson,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">William Brewster.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Leyden, Jan: 27.
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        &nbsp; &nbsp;An<sup>o</sup>: 1617. old stile.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>The first breefe note was this.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Touching y<sup>e</sup> Ecclesiasticall ministrie, namly of pastores for
+        teaching, elders for ruling, &amp; deacons for distributing y<sup>e</sup>
+        churches contribution, as allso for y<sup>e</sup> too Sacrements,
+        baptisme, and y<sup>e</sup> Lords supper, we doe wholy and in all points
+        agree [23] with y<sup>e</sup> French reformed churches, according to
+        their publick confession of faith.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The oath of Supremacie we shall willingly take if it be required of us,
+        and that conveniente satisfaction be not given by our taking y<sup>e</sup>
+        oath of Alleagence.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">John Rob:</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">William Brewster.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>Y<sup>e</sup> 2. was this.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Touching y<sup>e</sup> Ecclesiasticall ministrie, &amp;c. as in y<sup>e</sup>
+        former, we agree in all things with the French reformed churches,
+        according to their publick confession of faith; though some small
+        differences be to be found in our practises, not at all in y<sup>e</sup>
+        substance of the things, but only in some accidentall circumstances.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        1. As first, their ministers doe pray with their heads covered; ours
+        uncovered.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        2. We chose none for Governing Elders but such as are able to teach;
+        which abilitie they doe not require. <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        3. Their elders &amp; deacons are an&#363;all, or at most for 2. or 3.
+        years; ours perpetuall.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        4. Our elders doe administer their office in admonitions &amp;
+        excommunications for publick scandals, publickly &amp; before y<sup>e</sup>
+        congregation; theirs more privately, &amp; in their consistories.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        5. We doe administer baptisme only to such infants as wherof y<sup>e</sup>
+        one parente, at y<sup>e</sup> least, is of some church, which some of
+        ther churches doe not observe; though in it our practice accords with
+        their publick confession and y<sup>e</sup> judgmente of y<sup>e</sup>
+        most larned amongst them.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Other differences, worthy mentioning, we know none in these points. Then
+        aboute y<sup>e</sup> oath, as in y<sup>e</sup> former.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:7em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Subscribed,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John R.</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">W. B.&nbsp; &nbsp; </span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>Part of another letter from him that delivered these.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        London. Feb: 14.<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1617.<br />
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Your letter to S<sup>r</sup>. John Worstenholme I delivered allmost as
+        soone as I had it, to his owne hands, and staid with him y<sup>e</sup>
+        opening &amp; reading. Ther were 2. papers inclosed, he read them to him
+        selfe, as also y<sup>e</sup> letter, and in y<sup>e</sup> reading he
+        spake to me &amp; said, Who shall make them? viz. y<sup>e</sup>
+        ministers; I answered his Wor<sup>pp</sup> that y<sup>e</sup> power of
+        making was in y<sup>e</sup> church, to be ordained by y<sup>e</sup>
+        imposition of hands, by y<sup>e</sup> fittest instruments they had. It
+        must either be in y<sup>e</sup> church or from y<sup>e</sup> pope, &amp;
+        y<sup>e</sup> pope is Antichrist. Ho! said S<sup>r</sup>. John, what y<sup>e</sup>
+        pope houlds good, (as in y<sup>e</sup> Trinitie,) that we doe well to
+        assente too; but, said he, we will not enter into dispute now. And as
+        for your letters he would not show them at any hand, least he should
+        spoyle all. He expected you should have been of y<sup>e</sup> archbp&#771;
+        minde for y<sup>e</sup> calling of ministers, but it seems you differed.
+        I could have wished to have known y<sup>e</sup> contents of <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span>your tow
+        inclosed, at w<sup>ch</sup> he stuck so much, espetially y<sup>e</sup>
+        larger. I asked his Wor<sup>p</sup> what good news he had for me to
+        write to morrow. He tould me very good news, for both the kings majestie
+        and y<sup>e</sup> bishops have consented. He said he would goe to M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Chancelor, S<sup>r</sup>. Fulk Grivell, as this day, &amp; nexte weeke I
+        should know more. I mett S<sup>r</sup>. Edw: Sands on Wedensday night;
+        he wished me to be at the Virginia Courte y<sup>e</sup> nexte Wedensday,
+        wher I purpose to be. Thus loath to be troublsome at present, I hope to
+        have somewhate nexte week of certentie concerning you. I com&#773;itte
+        you to y<sup>e</sup> Lord. Yours,
+      </p>
+      <p class="ltr_sig">
+        S. B.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <p>
+      [24] These things being long in agitation, &amp; messengers passing too
+      and againe aboute them, after all their hopes they were long delayed by
+      many rubs that fell in y<sup>e</sup> way; for at y<sup>e</sup> returne of
+      these messengers into England they found things farr otherwise then they
+      expected. For y<sup>e</sup> Virginia Counsell was now so disturbed with
+      factions and quarrels amongst them selves, as no bussines could well goe
+      forward. The which may the better appear in one of the messengers letters
+      as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        To his loving freinds, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        I had thought long since to have write unto you, but could not effecte y<sup>t</sup>
+        which I aimed at, neither can yet sett things as I wished; yet,
+        notwithstanding, I doubt not but M<sup>r</sup>. B. hath writen to M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Robinson. But I thinke my selfe bound also to doe something, least I be
+        thought to neglecte you. The maine hinderance of our proseedings in y<sup>e</sup>
+        Virginia bussines, is the dissentions and factions, as they terme it,
+        amongs y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span>Counsell
+        &amp; Company of Virginia; which are such, as that ever since we came up
+        no busines could by them be dispatched. The occasion of this trouble
+        amongst them is, for that a while since S<sup>r</sup>. Thomas Smith,
+        repining at his many offices &amp; troubls, wished y<sup>e</sup> Company
+        of Virginia to ease him of his office in being Treasurer &amp; Gover<sup>r</sup>.
+        of y<sup>e</sup> Virginia Company. Wereupon y<sup>e</sup> Company tooke
+        occasion to dismisse him, and chose S<sup>r</sup>. Edwin Sands Treasure<sup>r</sup>
+        &amp; Gover<sup>r</sup> of y<sup>e</sup> Company. He having 60. voyces,
+        S<sup>r</sup>. John Worstenholme 16. voices, and Alderman Johnsone 24.
+        But S<sup>r</sup>. Thomas Smith, when he saw some parte of his honour
+        lost, was very angrie, &amp; raised a faction to cavill &amp; contend
+        aboute y<sup>e</sup> election, and sought to taxe S<sup>r</sup>. Edwin
+        with many things that might both disgrace him, and allso put him by his
+        office of Governour. In which contentions they yet stick, and are not
+        fit nor readie to intermedle in any bussines; and what issue things will
+        come to we are not yet certaine. It is most like S<sup>r</sup>. Edwin
+        will carrie it away, and if he doe, things will goe well in Virginia; if
+        otherwise, they will goe ill enough allways. We hope in some 2. or 3.
+        Court days things will setle. Mean space I thinke to goe downe into
+        Kente, &amp; come up againe aboute 14. days, or 3. weeks hence; except
+        either by these afforesaid contentions, or by y<sup>e</sup> ille tidings
+        from Virginia, we be wholy discouraged, of which tidings I am now to
+        speake.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Captaine Argoll is come home this weeke (he upon notice of y<sup>e</sup>
+        intente of y<sup>e</sup> Counsell, came away before S<sup>r</sup>. Georg
+        Yeardley came ther, and so ther is no small dissention). But his tidings
+        are ill, though his person be wellcome. He saith M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Blackwells shipe came not ther till March, but going towards winter,
+        they had still norwest winds, which carried them to the southward beyond
+        their course. And y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup> of y<sup>e</sup> ship
+        &amp; some 6. of y<sup>e</sup> mariners dieing, it seemed they could not
+        find y<sup>e</sup> bay, till after long seeking &amp; beating aboute. M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Blackwell is dead, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Maggner, y<sup>e</sup> Captain;
+        yea, ther are <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span>dead,
+        he saith, 130. persons, one &amp; other in y<sup>t</sup> ship; it is
+        said ther was in all an 180. persons in y<sup>e</sup> ship, so as they
+        were packed togeather like herings. They had amongst them y<sup>e</sup>
+        fluxe, and allso wante of fresh water; so as it is hear rather wondred
+        at y<sup>t</sup> so many are alive, then that so many are dead. The
+        marchants hear say it was M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwells faulte to pack so
+        many in y<sup>e</sup> ship; yea, &amp; ther were great mutterings &amp;
+        repinings amongst them, and upbraiding of M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell, for
+        his dealing and dispossing of them, when they saw how he had dispossed
+        of them, &amp; how he insulted over them. Yea, y<sup>e</sup> streets at
+        Gravsend runge of their extreame quarrelings, crying out one of another,
+        Thou hast brought me to this, and, I may thanke the for this. Heavie
+        newes it is, and I would be glad to heare how farr it will discourage. I
+        see none hear discouraged much, [25] but rather desire to larne to
+        beware by other mens harmes, and to amend that wherin they have failed.
+        As we desire to serve one another in love, so take heed of being
+        inthraled by any imperious persone, espetially if they be discerned to
+        have an eye to them selves. It doth often trouble me to thinke that in
+        this bussines we are all to learne and none to teach; but better so,
+        then to depend upon such teachers as M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell was. Such
+        a strategeme he once made for M<sup>r</sup>. Johnson &amp; his people at
+        Emden, w<sup>ch</sup> was their subversion. But though he ther clenlily
+        (yet unhonstly) plucked his neck out of y<sup>e</sup> collar, yet at
+        last his foote is caught. Hear are no letters come, y<sup>e</sup> ship
+        captain Argole came in is yet in y<sup>e</sup> west parts; all y<sup>t</sup>
+        we hear is but his report; it seemeth he came away secretly. The ship y<sup>t</sup>
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell went in will be hear shortly. It is as M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Robinson once said; he thought we should hear no good of them.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        M<sup>r</sup>. B. is not well at this time; whether he will come back to
+        you or goe into y<sup>e</sup> north, I yet know not. For my selfe, I
+        hope to see an end of this bussines ere I come, though I am sorie to be
+        thus from you; if things had gone roundly forward, <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span>I should have been with you
+        within these 14. days. I pray God directe us, and give us that spirite
+        which is fitting for such a bussines. Thus having sum&#773;arily pointed
+        at things w<sup>ch</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster (I thinke) hath more
+        largly write of to M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson, I leave you to the Lords
+        protection.
+      </p>
+      <table summary="signature block positioning" width="80%">
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            Yours in all readines, &amp;c.
+          </td>
+          <td align="right">
+            London, May 8.
+          </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr>
+          <td>
+            <span class="smcap">Robart Cushman.</span>
+          </td>
+          <td align="right">
+            An<sup>o</sup>: 1619.
+          </td>
+        </tr>
+      </table>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <p>
+      A word or tow by way of digression touching this M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell;
+      he was an elder of y<sup>e</sup> church at Amsterdam, a man well known of
+      most of them. He declined from y<sup>e</sup> trueth w<sup>th</sup> M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Johnson &amp; y<sup>e</sup> rest, and went with him when y<sup>ey</sup>
+      parted assunder in y<sup>t</sup> wofull maner, w<sup>ch</sup> brought so
+      great dishonour to God, scandall to y<sup>e</sup> trueth, &amp; outward
+      ruine to them selves in this world. But I hope, notwithstanding, through y<sup>e</sup>
+      mercies of y<sup>e</sup> Lord, their souls are now at rest with him in y<sup>e</sup>
+      heavens, and y<sup>t</sup> they are arrived in y<sup>e</sup> Haven of
+      hapines; though some of their bodies were thus buried in y<sup>e</sup>
+      terrable seas, and others sunke under y<sup>e</sup> burthen of bitter
+      afflictions. He with some others had prepared for to goe to Virginia. And
+      he, with sundrie godly citizens, being at a private me&#275;ing (I take it
+      a fast) in London, being discovered, many of them were apprehended, wherof
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell was one; but he so glosed w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup>
+      bp&#771;s,<a name="FNanchor_N_14" id="FNanchor_N_14"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_N_14" class="fnanchor">[N]</a> and either dissembled or
+      flatly denyed y<sup>e</sup> trueth which formerly he had maintained; and
+      not only so, but very unworthily betrayed and <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>accused another godly man who
+      had escaped, that so he might slip his own neck out of y<sup>e</sup>
+      collar, &amp; to obtaine his owne freedome brought others into bonds.
+      Wherupon he so wone y<sup>e</sup> bp&#771;s favour (but lost y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord's) as he was not only dismiste, but in open courte y<sup>e</sup>
+      arch-bishop gave him great applause and his sollemne blessing to proseed
+      in his vioage. But if such events follow y<sup>e</sup> bp&#771;s blessing,
+      happie are they y<sup>t</sup> misse y<sup>e</sup> same; it is much better
+      to keepe a good conscience and have y<sup>e</sup> Lords blessing, whether
+      in life or death.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But see how y<sup>e</sup> man thus apprehended by M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Blackwells means, writs to a freind of his.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Right dear friend &amp; christian brother, <i>M<sup>r</sup>. Carver</i>,
+        I salute you &amp; yours in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, &amp;c. As for my owne
+        presente condition, I doubt not but you well understand it ere this by
+        our brother Maistersone, who should have tasted of y<sup>e</sup> same
+        cupp, had his place of residence &amp; his person been as well knowne as
+        my selfe. Some what I have written to <i>M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman</i> how
+        y<sup>e</sup> matter <i>still continues</i>. I have petitioned <i>twise</i>
+        to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherives, and <i>once</i> to my Lord Cooke, and have
+        used such reasons to move them to pittie, that if they were not
+        overruled by some others, I suppose I should soone gaine my libertie; as
+        that I was a yonge man living by my [26] credite, indebted to diverse in
+        our citie, living at more then ordinarie charges in a close &amp;
+        tedious prison; besids great rents abroad, all my bussines lying still,
+        my only servante lying lame in y<sup>e</sup> countrie, my wife being
+        also great with child. And yet no answer till y<sup>e</sup> lords of his
+        majesties Counsell gave consente. Howbeit, M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell, a
+        man as deepe in this action as I, was delivered at a cheaper rate, with
+        a great deale less adoe; yea, with an addition of y<sup>e</sup> Archp&#771;:
+        blessing. I am sorie for M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwels weaknes, I <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>wish it
+        may prove no worse. But yet he &amp; some others of them, <i>before
+        their going</i>, were not sorie, but thought it was for y<sup>e</sup>
+        best that I was nominated, not because y<sup>e</sup> Lord sanctifies
+        evill to good, but that y<sup>e</sup> action was good, yea for y<sup>e</sup>
+        best. One reason I well remember he used was, because this trouble would
+        encrease y<sup>e</sup> Virginia plantation, in that now people begane to
+        be more generally inclined to goe; and if he had not nomminated some
+        such as I, he had not bene free, being it was knowne that diverse
+        citizens besids them selves were ther. I expecte an answer shortly what
+        they intende conscerning me; I purpose to write to some others of you,
+        by whom you shall know the certaintie. Thus not haveing further at
+        present to acquaint you withall, com&#773;ending myselfe to your prairs,
+        I cease, &amp; com&#773;itte you and us all to y<sup>e</sup> Lord.
+      </p>
+      <div class="left">
+        <br />From my chamber in Wodstreete Compter.
+      </div>
+      <div class="center">
+        Your freind, &amp; brother in bonds,
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">Sabin Staresmore.</span>
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        Sept<sup>r</sup>: 4. An<sup>o</sup>: 1618.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      But thus much by y<sup>e</sup> way, which may be of instruction &amp; good
+      use.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But at last, after all these things, and their long attendance, they had a
+      patent granted them, and confirmed under y<sup>e</sup> Companies seale;
+      but these devissions and distractions had shaken of many of ther pretended
+      freinds, and disappointed them of much of their hoped for &amp; proffered
+      means. By the advise of some freinds this pattente was not taken in y<sup>e</sup>
+      name of any of their owne, but in y<sup>e</sup> name of Mr. John Wincob (a
+      religious gentleman then belonging to y<sup>e</sup> Countess of
+      Lincoline), who intended to goe with them. But God so disposed <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span>as he never
+      went, nor they ever made use of this patente, which had cost them so much
+      labour and charge, as by y<sup>e</sup> sequell will appeare. This patente
+      being sente over for them to veiw &amp; consider, as also the passages
+      aboute y<sup>e</sup> propossitions between them &amp; such marchants &amp;
+      freinds as should either goe or adventure with them, and espetially with
+      those<a name="FNanchor_O_15" id="FNanchor_O_15"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_O_15" class="fnanchor">[O]</a> on whom y<sup>ey</sup> did
+      cheefly depend for shipping and means, whose proffers had been large, they
+      were requested to fitt and prepare them selves with all speed. A right
+      emblime, it may be, of y<sup>e</sup> uncertine things of this world; y<sup>t</sup>
+      when men have toyld them selves for them, they vanish into smoke.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      <a name="The_6_Chap" id="The_6_Chap"></a>The 6. Chap.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <i>Conscerning y<sup>e</sup> agreements and artickles between them, and
+      such marchants &amp; others as adventured moneys; with other things
+      falling out aboute making their provissions.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Upon y<sup>e</sup> receite of these things by one of their messengers,
+      they had a sollemne meeting and a day of humilliation to seeke y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord for his direction; and their pastor tooke this texte, 1 <i>Sam</i>.
+      23. 3, 4. <i>And David's men said unto him, see, we be afraid hear in
+      Judah, how much more if we come to Keilah against the host of the
+      Phillistines? Then David asked counsell of y<sup>e</sup> Lord againe,
+      &amp;c.</i> From which texte he taught <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>many things very aptly, and
+      befitting ther present occasion and condition, strengthing them against
+      their fears and perplexities, and incouraging them in their resolutions.
+      [27] After which they concluded both what number and what persons should
+      prepare them selves to goe with y<sup>e</sup> first; for all y<sup>t</sup>
+      were willing to have gone could not gett ready for their other affairs in
+      so shorte a time; neither if all could have been ready, had ther been
+      means to have trasported them alltogeather. Those that staied being y<sup>e</sup>
+      greater number required y<sup>e</sup> pastor to stay with them; and
+      indeede for other reasons he could not then well goe, and so it was y<sup>e</sup>
+      more easilie yeelded unto. The other then desired y<sup>e</sup> elder, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Brewster, to goe with them, which was also condescended unto. It was also
+      agreed on by mutuall consente and covenante, that those that went should
+      be an absolute church of them selves, as well as those y<sup>t</sup>
+      staid; seing in such a dangrous vioage, and a removall to such a distance,
+      it might come to pass they should (for y<sup>e</sup> body of them) never
+      meete againe in this world; yet with this proviso, that as any of y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest came over to them, or of y<sup>e</sup> other returned upon occasion,
+      they should be reputed as members without any further dismission or
+      testimoniall. It was allso promised to those y<sup>t</sup> wente first, by
+      y<sup>e</sup> body of y<sup>e</sup> rest, that if y<sup>e</sup> Lord gave
+      them life, &amp; me&#257;s, &amp; opportunitie, they would come to them as
+      soone as they could.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Aboute this time, whilst they were perplexed with y<sup>e</sup>
+      proseedings of y<sup>e</sup> Virginia Company, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> ill
+      news from thence aboute M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell &amp; his company, and
+      making inquirey about y<sup>e</sup> hiring &amp; buying of shiping for
+      their vioage, some Dutchmen made them faire offers aboute goeing with
+      them. Also one M<sup>r</sup>. Thomas Weston, a m<sup>r</sup>chant of
+      London, came to Leyden aboute y<sup>e</sup> same time, (who was well
+      aquainted with some of them, and a furtherer of them in their former
+      proseedings,) haveing much conferance w<sup>th</sup> M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Robinson &amp; other of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of them, perswaded them to
+      goe on (as it seems) &amp; not to medle with y<sup>e</sup> Dutch, or too
+      much to depend on the Virginia Company; for if that failed, if they came
+      to resolution, he and such marchants as were his freinds (togeather with
+      their owne means) would sett them forth; and they should make ready, and
+      neither feare wante of shipping nor money; for what they wanted should be
+      provided. And, not so much for him selfe as for y<sup>e</sup> satisfing of
+      such frends as he should procure to adventure in this bussines, they were
+      to draw such articls of agreemente, and make such propossitions, as might
+      y<sup>e</sup> better induce his freinds to venture. Upon which (after y<sup>e</sup>
+      formere conclusion) articles were drawne &amp; agreed unto, and were
+      showne unto him, and approved by him; and afterwards by their messenger (M<sup>r</sup>.
+      John Carver) sent into England, who, togeather with Robart Cushman, were
+      to receive y<sup>e</sup> moneys &amp; make provissione both for shiping
+      &amp; other things for y<sup>e</sup> vioage; with this <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span>charge, not
+      to exseede their com&#773;ission, but to proseed according to y<sup>e</sup>
+      former articles. Also some were chossen to doe y<sup>e</sup> like for such
+      things as were to be prepared there; so those that weare to goe, prepared
+      them selves with all speed, and sould of their estats and (such as were
+      able) put in their moneys into y<sup>e</sup> commone stock, which was
+      disposed by those appointed, for y<sup>e</sup> making of generall
+      provissions. Aboute this time also they had heard, both by M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Weston and others, y<sup>t</sup> sundrie Hon<sup>bl</sup>: Lords had
+      obtained a large grante from y<sup>e</sup> king, for y<sup>e</sup> more
+      northerly parts of that countrie, derived out of y<sup>e</sup> Virginia
+      patente, and wholy secluded from their Govermente, and to be called by
+      another name, viz. New-England. Unto which M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheefe of them, begane to incline it was [28] best for them to goe, as for
+      other reasons, so cheefly for y<sup>e</sup> hope of present profite to be
+      made by y<sup>e</sup> fishing that was found in y<sup>t</sup> countrie.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But as in all bussineses y<sup>e</sup> acting parte is most difficulte,
+      espetially wher y<sup>e</sup> worke of many agents must concurr, so it was
+      found in this; for some of those y<sup>t</sup> should have gone in
+      England, fell of &amp; would not goe; other marchants &amp; freinds y<sup>t</sup>
+      had offered to adventure their moneys withdrew, and pretended many
+      excuses. Some disliking they wente not to Guiana; others againe would
+      adventure nothing excepte they wente to Virginia. Some againe (and those
+      that were most relied on) fell in utter dislike with Virginia, and <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>would doe
+      nothing if they wente thither. In y<sup>e</sup> midds of these
+      distractions, they of Leyden, who had put of their estats, and laid out
+      their moneys, were brought into a greate streight, fearing what issue
+      these things would come too; but at length y<sup>e</sup> generalitie was
+      swaid to this latter opinion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But now another difficultie arose, for M<sup>r</sup>. Weston and some
+      other that were for this course, either for their better advantage or
+      rather for y<sup>e</sup> drawing on of others, as they pretended, would
+      have some of those conditions altered y<sup>t</sup> were first agreed on
+      at Leyden. To which y<sup>e</sup> 2. agents sent from Leyden (or at least
+      one of them who is most charged with it) did consente; seeing els y<sup>t</sup>
+      all was like to be dashte, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> opportunitie lost, and y<sup>t</sup>
+      they which had put of their estats and paid in their moneys were in hazard
+      to be undon. They presumed to conclude with y<sup>e</sup> marchants on
+      those termes, in some things contrary to their order &amp; com&#773;ission,
+      and without giving them notice of y<sup>e</sup> same; yea, it was conceled
+      least it should make any furder delay; which was y<sup>e</sup> cause
+      afterward of much trouble &amp; contention.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It will be meete I here inserte these conditions, which are as foloweth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        An<sup>o</sup>: 1620. July 1.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        1. The adventurers &amp; planters doe agree, that every person that
+        goeth being aged 16. years &amp; upward, be rated at 10<sup>li</sup>.,
+        and ten pounds to be accounted a single share. <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        2. That he that goeth in person, and furnisheth him selfe out with 10<sup>li</sup>.
+        either in money or other provissions, be accounted as haveing 20<sup>li</sup>.
+        in stock, and in y<sup>e</sup> devission shall receive a double share.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        3. The persons transported &amp; y<sup>e</sup> adventurers shall
+        continue their joynt stock &amp; partnership togeather, y<sup>e</sup>
+        space of 7. years, (excepte some unexpected impedimente doe cause y<sup>e</sup>
+        whole company to agree otherwise,) during which time, all profits &amp;
+        benifits that are gott by trade, traffick, trucking, working, fishing,
+        or any other means of any person or persons, remaine still in y<sup>e</sup>
+        com&#773;one stock untill y<sup>e</sup> division.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        4. That at their com&#773;ing ther, they chose out such a number of fitt
+        persons, as may furnish their ships and boats for fishing upon y<sup>e</sup>
+        sea; imploying the rest in their severall faculties upon y<sup>e</sup>
+        land; as building houses, tilling, and planting y<sup>e</sup> ground,
+        &amp; makeing shuch com&#773;odities as shall be most usefull for y<sup>e</sup>
+        collonie.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        5. That at y<sup>e</sup> end of y<sup>e</sup> 7. years, y<sup>e</sup>
+        capitall &amp; profits, viz. the houses, lands, goods and chatles, be
+        equally devided betwixte y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, and planters; w<sup>ch</sup>
+        done, every man shall be free from other of them of any debt or
+        detrimente concerning this adventure.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        [29] 6. Whosoever cometh to y<sup>e</sup> colonie herafter, or putteth
+        any into y<sup>e</sup> stock, shall at the ende of y<sup>e</sup> 7.
+        years be alowed proportionably to y<sup>e</sup> time of his so doing.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        7. He that shall carie his wife &amp; children, or servants, shall be
+        alowed for everie person now aged 16. years &amp; upward, a single share
+        in y<sup>e</sup> devision, or if he provid them necessaries, a duble
+        share, or if they be between 10. year old and 16., then 2. of them to be
+        reconed for a person, both in tr&#257;sportation and devision.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        8. That such children as now goe, &amp; are under y<sup>e</sup> age of
+        ten years, have noe other shar in y<sup>e</sup> devision, but 50. acers
+        of unmanured land. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        9. That such persons as die before y<sup>e</sup> 7. years be expired,
+        their executors to have their parte or sharr at y<sup>e</sup> devision,
+        proportionably to y<sup>e</sup> time of their life in y<sup>e</sup>
+        collonie.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        10. That all such persons as are of this collonie, are to have their
+        meate, drink, apparell, and all provissions out of y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;on
+        stock &amp; goods of y<sup>e</sup> said collonie.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <p>
+      The cheefe &amp; principall differences betwene these &amp; the former
+      conditions, stood in those 2. points; that y<sup>e</sup> houses, &amp;
+      lands improved, espetialy gardens &amp; home lotts should remaine
+      undevided wholy to y<sup>e</sup> planters at y<sup>e</sup> 7. years end. 2<sup>ly</sup>,
+      y<sup>t</sup> they should have had 2. days in a weeke for their owne
+      private imploymente, for y<sup>e</sup> more comforte of them selves and
+      their families, espetialy such as had families. But because letters are by
+      some wise men counted y<sup>e</sup> best parte of histories, I shall shew
+      their greevances hereaboute by their owne letters, in which y<sup>e</sup>
+      passages of things will be more truly discerned.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>A letter of M<sup>r</sup>. Robinsons to John Carver.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p class="ltr_dt">
+        June 14. 1620. N. Stile.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        My dear freind &amp; brother, whom with yours I alwaise remember in my
+        best affection, and whose wellfare I shall never cease to com&#773;end
+        to God by my best &amp; most earnest praires. You doe throwly understand
+        by our generall letters y<sup>e</sup> estate of things hear, which
+        indeed is very pitifull; espetialy by wante of shiping, and not seeing
+        means lickly, much less certaine, of having it provided; though withall
+        ther be great want of money &amp; means to doe needfull things. M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Pickering, you know <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>before
+        this, will not defray a peny hear; though Robart Cushman presumed of I
+        know not how many 100<sup>li</sup>. from him, &amp; I know not whom. Yet
+        it seems strange y<sup>t</sup> we should be put to him to receive both
+        his &amp; his partners adventer, and yet M<sup>r</sup>. Weston write
+        unto him, y<sup>t</sup> in regard of it, he hath drawne upon him a 100<sup>li</sup>.
+        more. But ther is in this some misterie, as indeed it seems ther is in y<sup>e</sup>
+        whole course. Besids, wheras diverse are to pay in some parts of their
+        moneys yet behinde, they refuse to doe it, till they see shiping
+        provided, or a course taken for it. Neither doe I thinke is ther a man
+        hear would pay any thing, if he had againe his money in his purse. You
+        know right well we depended on M<sup>r</sup>. Weston alone, and upon
+        such means as he would procure for this commone bussines; and when we
+        had in hand another course with y<sup>e</sup> Dutchmen, broke it of at
+        his motion, and upon y<sup>e</sup> conditions by him shortly after
+        propounded. He did this in his love I know, but things appeare not
+        answerable from him hitherto. That he should have first have put in his
+        moneys, is thought by many to have been but fitt, but y<sup>t</sup> I
+        can well excuse, he being a marchante and haveing use of it to his
+        benefite; wheras others, if it had been in their hands, would have
+        consumed it. [30] But y<sup>t</sup> he should not but have had either
+        shipping ready before this time, or at least certaine means, and course,
+        and y<sup>e</sup> same knowne to us for it, or have taken other order
+        otherwise, cannot in my conscience be excused. I have heard y<sup>t</sup>
+        when he hath been moved in the bussines, he hath put it of from him
+        selfe, and referred it to y<sup>e</sup> others;<a name="FNanchor_P_16"
+        id="FNanchor_P_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_P_16" class="fnanchor">[P]</a>
+        and would come to Georg Morton, &amp; enquire news of him aboute things,
+        as if he had scarce been some accessarie unto it. Wether he hath failed
+        of some helps from others which he expected, and so be not well able to
+        goe through with things, or whether he hath feared least you should be
+        ready too soone &amp; so encrease y<sup>e</sup> charge of shiping above
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span>y<sup>t</sup>
+        is meete, or whether he have thought by withhoulding to put us upon
+        straits, thinking y<sup>t</sup> therby M<sup>r</sup>. Brewer and M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Pickering would be drawne by importunitie to doe more, or what other
+        misterie is in it, we know not; but sure we are y<sup>t</sup> things are
+        not answerable to such an occasion. M<sup>r</sup>. Weston maks himselfe
+        mery with our endeavors about buying a ship, but we have done nothing in
+        this but with good reason, as I am perswaded, nor yet that I know in any
+        thing els, save in those tow; y<sup>e</sup> one, that we imployed Robart
+        Cushman, who is known (though a good man, &amp; of spetiall abilities in
+        his kind, yet) most unfitt to deale for other men, by reason of his
+        singularitie, and too great indifferancie for any conditions, and for
+        (to speak truly) that<a name="FNanchor_Q_17" id="FNanchor_Q_17"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_Q_17" class="fnanchor">[Q]</a> we have had nothing from
+        him but termes &amp; presumptions. The other, y<sup>t</sup> we have so
+        much relyed, by implicite faith as it were, upon generalities, without
+        seeing y<sup>e</sup> perticuler course &amp; means for so waghtie an
+        affaire set down unto us. For shiping, M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, it should
+        seeme, is set upon hireing, which yet I wish he may presently effecte;
+        but I see litle hope of help from hence if so it be. Of M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Brewer you know what to expecte. I doe not thinke M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Pickering will ingage, excepte in y<sup>e</sup> course of buying, in
+        former letters specified. Aboute y<sup>e</sup> conditions, you have our
+        reasons for our judgments of what is agreed. And let this spetially be
+        borne in minde, y<sup>t</sup> the greatest parte of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Collonie is like to be imployed constantly, not upon dressing ther
+        perticuler land &amp; building houses, but upon fishing, trading, &amp;c.
+        So as y<sup>e</sup> land &amp; house will be but a trifell for advantage
+        to y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, and yet the devission of it a great
+        discouragmente to y<sup>e</sup> planters, who would with singuler care
+        make it comfortable with borowed houres from their sleep. The same
+        consideration of com&#773;one imploymente constantly by the most is a
+        good reason not to have y<sup>e</sup> 2. daies in a weeke denyed y<sup>e</sup>
+        few planters for private use, which yet is subordinate to com&#773;one
+        good. Consider also how much unfite that you &amp; <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span>your liks must serve a new
+        prentishipe of 7. years, and not a daies freedome from taske. Send me
+        word what persons are to goe, who of usefull faculties, &amp; how many,
+        &amp; perticulerly of every thing. I know you wante not a minde. I am
+        sorie you have not been at London all this while, but y<sup>e</sup>
+        provissions could not wante you. Time will suffer me to write no more;
+        fare you &amp; yours well allways in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, in whom I rest.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="center">
+          Yours to use,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John Robinson</span>.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>An other letter from sundrie of them at y<sup>e</sup> same time.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        [31] To their loving freinds John Carver and Robart Cushman, these,
+        &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Good bretheren, after salutations, &amp;c. We received diverse letters
+        at y<sup>e</sup> coming of M<sup>r</sup>. Nash &amp; our pilott, which
+        is a great incouragmente unto us, and for whom we hop after times will
+        minister occasion of praising God; and indeed had you not sente him,
+        many would have been ready to fainte and goe backe. Partly in respecte
+        of y<sup>e</sup> new conditions which have bene taken up by you, which
+        all men are against, and partly in regard of our owne inabillitie to doe
+        any one of those many waightie bussineses you referr to us here. For y<sup>e</sup>
+        former wherof, wheras Robart Cushman desirs reasons for our dislike,
+        promising therupon to alter y<sup>e</sup> same, or els saing we should
+        thinke he hath no brains, we desire him to exercise them therin,
+        refering him to our pastors former reasons, and them to y<sup>e</sup>
+        censure of y<sup>e</sup> godly wise. But our desires are that you will
+        not entangle your selvs and us in any such unreasonable courses as those
+        are, viz. y<sup>t</sup> the marchants should have y<sup>e</sup> halfe of
+        mens houses and lands at y<sup>e</sup> dividente; and that persons
+        should be deprived of y<sup>e</sup> 2. days in a weeke agreed upon, yea
+        every momente of time for their owne perticuler; by reason wherof we
+        cannot conceive why any should carie servants for their own help and
+        comfort; for that we can require no more <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span>of them then all men one of
+        another. This we have only by relation from M<sup>r</sup>. Nash, &amp;
+        not from any writing of your owne, &amp; therfore hope you have not
+        proceeded farr in so great a thing without us. But requiring you not to
+        exseed the bounds of your com&#773;ission, which was to proceed upon y<sup>e</sup>
+        things or conditions agred upon and expressed in writing (at your going
+        over about it), we leave it, not without marveling, that you<sup>r</sup>
+        selfe, as you write, knowing how smale a thing troubleth our
+        consultations, and how few, as you fear, understands the busnes aright,
+        should trouble us with such matters as these are, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Salute M<sup>r</sup>. Weston from us, in whom we hope we are not
+        deceived; we pray you make known our estate unto him, and if you thinke
+        good shew him our letters, at least tell him (y<sup>t</sup> under God)
+        we much relie upon him &amp; put our confidence in him; and, as your
+        selves well know, that if he had not been an adventurer with us, we had
+        not taken it in hand; presuming that if he had not seene means to
+        accomplish it, he would not have begune it; so we hope in our extremitie
+        he will so farr help us as our expectation be no way made frustrate
+        concerning him. Since therfore, good brethren, we have plainly opened y<sup>e</sup>
+        state of things with us in this matter, you will, &amp;c. Thus
+        beseeching y<sup>e</sup> Allmightie, who is allsufficiente to raise us
+        out of this depth of dificulties, to assiste us herein; raising such
+        means by his providence and fatherly care for us, his pore children
+        &amp; servants, as we may with comforte behould y<sup>e</sup> hand of
+        our God for good towards us in this our bussines, which we undertake in
+        his name &amp; fear, we take leave &amp; remaine
+      </p>
+      <table summary="signature positioning" width="90%">
+        <tr>
+          <td align="center">
+            <br />June 10. New Stille,<br />An<sup>o</sup>: 1620.<br />
+          </td>
+          <td align="center">
+            Your perplexed, yet hopfull<br />bretheren,<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp;S. F.
+            &nbsp;E. W. &nbsp;W. B. &nbsp;J. A.<a name="FNanchor_R_18"
+            id="FNanchor_R_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_R_18" class="fnanchor">[R]</a><br />
+          </td>
+        </tr>
+      </table>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span>
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>A letter of Robart Cushmans to them.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Brethern, I understand by letters &amp; passagess y<sup>t</sup> have
+        come to me, that ther are great discontents, &amp; dislike of my
+        proceedings amongst you. Sorie I am to hear it, yet contente to beare
+        it, as not doubting but y<sup>t</sup> partly by writing, and more
+        principally by word when we shall come togeather, I shall satisfie any
+        reasonable man. I have been perswaded [32] by some, espetialy this
+        bearer, to come and clear things unto you; but as things now stand I can&#773;ot
+        be absente one day, excepte I should hazard all y<sup>e</sup> viage.
+        Neither conceive I any great good would come of it. Take then, brethern,
+        this as a step to give you contente. First, for your dislike of y<sup>e</sup>
+        alteration of one clause in y<sup>e</sup> conditions, if you conceive it
+        right, ther can be no blame lye on me at all. For y<sup>e</sup> articles
+        first brought over by John Carver were never seene of any of y<sup>e</sup>
+        adventurers hear, excepte M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, neither did any of them
+        like them because of that clause; nor M<sup>r</sup>. Weston him selfe,
+        after he had well considered it. But as at y<sup>e</sup> first ther was
+        500<sup>li</sup>. withdrawne by S<sup>r</sup>. Georg Farrer and his
+        brother upon that dislike, so all y<sup>e</sup> rest would have
+        withdrawne (M<sup>r</sup>. Weston excepted) if we had not altered y<sup>t</sup>
+        clause. Now whilst we at Leyden conclude upon points, as we did, we
+        reckoned without our host, which was not my falte. Besids, I shewed you
+        by a letter y<sup>e</sup> equitie of y<sup>t</sup> condition, &amp; our
+        inconveniences, which might be sett against all M<sup>r</sup>. Rob:
+        inconveniences, that without y<sup>e</sup> alteration of y<sup>t</sup>
+        clause, we could neither have means to gett thither, nor supplie wherby
+        to subsiste when we were ther. Yet notwithstanding all those reasons,
+        which were not mine, but other mens wiser then my selfe, without answer
+        to any one of them, here cometh over many quirimonies, and complaints
+        against me, of lording it over my brethern, and making conditions fitter
+        for theeves &amp; bondslaves then honest men, and that of my owne head I
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>did
+        what I list. And at last a paper of reasons, framed against y<sup>t</sup>
+        clause in y<sup>e</sup> conditions, which as y<sup>ey</sup> were
+        delivered me open, so my answer is open to you all. And first, as they
+        are no other but inconveniences, such as a man might frame 20. as great
+        on y<sup>e</sup> other side, and yet prove nor disprove nothing by them,
+        so they misse &amp; mistake both y<sup>e</sup> very ground of y<sup>e</sup>
+        article and nature of y<sup>e</sup> project. For, first, it is said,
+        that if ther had been no divission of houses &amp; lands, it had been
+        better for y<sup>e</sup> poore. True, and y<sup>t</sup> showeth y<sup>e</sup>
+        inequalitie of y<sup>e</sup> condition; we should more respecte him y<sup>t</sup>
+        ventureth both his money and his person, then him y<sup>t</sup>
+        ventureth but his person only.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        2. Consider wheraboute we are, not giveing almes, but furnishing a store
+        house; no one shall be porer then another for 7. years, and if any be
+        rich, none can be pore. At y<sup>e</sup> least, we must not in such
+        bussines crie, Pore, pore, mercie, mercie. Charitie hath it life in
+        wraks, not in venturs; you are by this most in a hopefull pitie of
+        makeing, therfore complaine not before you have need.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        3. This will hinder y<sup>e</sup> building of good and faire houses,
+        contrarie to y<sup>e</sup> advise of pollitiks. A. So we would have it;
+        our purpose is to build for y<sup>e</sup> presente such houses as, if
+        need be, we may with litle greefe set a fire, and rune away by the
+        lighte; our riches shall not be in pompe, but in strenght; if God send
+        us riches, we will imploye them to provid more men, ships, munition,
+        &amp;c. You may see it amongst the best pollitiks, that a com&#773;onwele
+        is readier to ebe then to flow, when once fine houses and gay cloaths
+        come up.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        4. The Gove<sup>t</sup> may prevente excess in building. A. But if it be
+        on all men beforehand resolved on, to build mean houses, y<sup>e</sup>
+        Gove<sup>r</sup> laboure is spared.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        5. All men are not of one condition. A. If by condition you mean wealth,
+        you are mistaken; if you mean by condition, qualities, then I say he
+        that is not contente his neighbour shall have as good a house, fare,
+        means, &amp;c. as him selfe, is <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65"
+        id="Page_65">[65]</a></span>not of a good qualitie. 2<sup>ly</sup>. Such
+        retired persons, as have aneie only to them selves, are fitter to come
+        wher catching is, then closing; and are fitter to live alone, then in
+        any societie, either civill or religious.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        6. It will be of litle value, scarce worth 5<sup>li</sup>. A. True, it
+        may be not worth halfe 5<sup>li</sup>. [33] If then so smale a thing
+        will content them, why strive we thus aboute it, and give them occasion
+        to suspecte us to be worldly &amp; covetous? I will not say what I have
+        heard since these complaints came first over.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        7. Our freinds with us y<sup>t</sup> adventure mind not their owne
+        profite, as did y<sup>e</sup> old adventurers. A. Then they are better
+        then we, who for a litle matter of profite are readie to draw back, and
+        it is more apparente brethern looke too it, that make profite your maine
+        end; repente of this, els goe not least you be like Jonas to Tarshis. 2<sup>ly</sup>.
+        Though some of them mind not their profite, yet others doe mind it; and
+        why not as well as we? venturs are made by all sorts of men, and we must
+        labour to give them all contente, if we can.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        8. It will break y<sup>e</sup> course of com&#773;unitie, as may be
+        showed by many reasons. A. That is but said, and I say againe, it will
+        best foster comunion, as may be showed by many reasons.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        9. Great profite is like to be made by trucking, fishing, &amp;c. A. As
+        it is better for them, so for us; for halfe is ours, besids our living
+        still upon it, and if such profite in y<sup>t</sup> way come, our labour
+        shall be y<sup>e</sup> less on y<sup>e</sup> land, and our houses and
+        lands must &amp; will be of less value.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        10. Our hazard is greater then theirs. A. True, but doe they put us upon
+        it? doe they urge or egg us? hath not y<sup>e</sup> motion &amp;
+        resolution been always in our selves? doe they any more then in seeing
+        us resolute if we had means, help us to means upon equall termes &amp;
+        conditions? If we will not goe, they are content to keep their moneys.
+        Thus I have pointed at a way to loose those knots, which I hope you will
+        consider seriously, and let me have no more stirre about them. <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Now furder, I hear a noise of slavish conditions by me made; but surly
+        this is all that I have altered, and reasons I have sent you. If you
+        mean it of y<sup>e</sup> 2. days in a week for perticuler, as some
+        insinuate, you are deceived; you may have 3. days in a week for me if
+        you will. And when I have spoken to y<sup>e</sup> adventurers of times
+        of working, they have said they hope we are men of discretion &amp;
+        conscience, and so fitte to be trusted our selves with that. But indeed
+        y<sup>e</sup> ground of our proceedings at Leyden was mistaken, and so
+        here is nothing but tottering every day, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        As for them of Amsterdam I had thought they would as soone have gone to
+        Rome as with us; for our libertie is to them as ratts bane, and their
+        riggour as bad to us as y<sup>e</sup> Spanish Inquision. If any practise
+        of mine discourage them, let them yet draw back; I will undertake they
+        shall have their money againe presently paid hear. Or if the company
+        thinke me to be y<sup>e</sup> Jonas, let them cast me of before we goe;
+        I shall be content to stay with good will, having but the cloaths on my
+        back; only let us have quietnes, and no more of these clamors; full
+        litle did I expecte these things which are now come to pass, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p class="ltr_dt">
+        Yours, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="smcap">R. Cushman</span>.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <p>
+      But whether this letter of his ever came to their hands at Leyden I well
+      know not; I rather thinke it was staied by M<sup>r</sup>. Carver &amp;
+      kept by him, forgiving offence. But this which follows was ther received;
+      both which I thought pertenent to recite.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>Another of his to y<sup>e</sup> aforesaid, June</i> 11. 1620.<a
+        name="FNanchor_S_19" id="FNanchor_S_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_S_19"
+        class="fnanchor">[S]</a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Salutations, &amp;c. I received your l&#7869;r. yesterday, by John
+        Turner, with another y<sup>e</sup> same day from Amsterdam by M<sup>r</sup>.
+        W. savouring of y<sup>e</sup> place whenc it came. And indeed the many
+        discouragements I find her, togeather with y<sup>e</sup> demurrs and
+        retirings ther, had made me to say, I would give up my accounts to John
+        Carver, &amp; at his comeing aquainte him fully with all courses, and so
+        leave it quite, with only y<sup>e</sup> pore cloaths on my back. But
+        gathering up my selfe by further consideration, [34] I resolved yet to
+        make one triall more, and to aquainte M<sup>r</sup>. Weston with y<sup>e</sup>
+        fainted state of our bussines; and though he hath been much discontented
+        at some thing amongst us of late, which hath made him often say, that
+        save for his promise, he would not meadle at all with y<sup>e</sup>
+        bussines any more, yet considering how farr we were plunged into maters,
+        &amp; how it stood both on our credits &amp; undoing, at y<sup>e</sup>
+        last he gathered up him selfe a litle more, &amp; coming to me 2. hours
+        after, he tould me he would not yet leave it. And so advising togeather
+        we resolved to hire a ship, and have tooke liking of one till Monday,
+        about 60. laste, for a greater we cannot gett, excepte it be tow great;
+        but a fine ship it is. And seeing our neer freinds ther are so streite
+        lased, we hope to assure her without troubling them any further; and if
+        y<sup>e</sup> ship fale too small, it fitteth well y<sup>t</sup> such as
+        stumble at strawes allready, may rest them ther a while, least worse
+        blocks come in y<sup>e</sup> way ere 7. years be ended. If you had
+        beaten this bussines so throuly a month agoe, and write to us as now you
+        doe, we could thus have done much more conveniently. But it is as it is;
+        I hope our freinds ther, if they be quitted of the ship hire, will be
+        indusced to venture y<sup>e</sup> more. All y<sup>t</sup> I now require
+        is y<sup>t</sup> salt and netts may ther be boughte, and for all y<sup>e</sup>
+        rest we will here provid it; yet if that will not be, let them but stand
+        for it a month or tow, and we will take order to pay it all. Let M<sup>r</sup>.
+        <i>Reinholds</i> tarie ther, and bring y<sup>e</sup> ship to
+        Southampton. We have hired another pilote here, one M<sup>r</sup>. <i>Clarke</i>,
+        who went last year to Virginia with a ship of kine.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> You
+        shall here distinctly by John Turner, who I thinke shall come hence on
+        Tewsday night. I had thought to have come with him, to have answerd to
+        my complaints; but I shal lerne to pass litle for their censurs; and if
+        I had more minde to goe &amp; dispute &amp; expostulate with them, then
+        I have care of this waightie bussines, I were like them who live by
+        clamours &amp; jangling. But neither my mind nor my body is at libertie
+        to doe much, for I am fettered with bussines, and had rather study to be
+        quiet, then to make answer to their exceptions. If men be set on it, let
+        them beat y<sup>e</sup> eair; I hope such as are my sinceire freinds
+        will not thinke but I can give some reason of my actions. But of your
+        mistaking aboute y<sup>e</sup> mater, &amp; other things tending to this
+        bussines, I shall nexte informe you more distinctly. Mean space entreate
+        our freinds not to be too bussie in answering matters, before they know
+        them. If I doe such things as I can&#773;ot give reasons for, it is like
+        you have sett a foole aboute your bussines, and so turne y<sup>e</sup>
+        reproofe to your selves, &amp; send an other, and let me come againe to
+        my Combes. But setting a side my naturall infirmities, I refuse not to
+        have my cause judged, both of God, &amp; all indifferent men; and when
+        we come togeather I shall give accounte of my actions hear. The Lord,
+        who judgeth justly without respect of persons, see into y<sup>e</sup>
+        equitie of my cause, and give us quiet, peacable, and patient minds, in
+        all these turmoiles, and sanctifie unto us all crosses whatsoever. And
+        so I take my leave of you all, in all love &amp; affection.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        I hope we shall gett all hear ready in 14. days.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your pore brother,
+        </div>
+        <div class="right">
+          <span class="smcap">Robart Cushman.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <p>
+        June 11. 1620.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Besids these things, ther fell out a differance amongs those 3. that
+      received [35] the moneys &amp; made y<sup>e</sup> provissions in England;
+      for besids these tow formerly mentioned <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span>sent from Leyden for this end,
+      viz. M<sup>r</sup>. Carver &amp; Robart Cushman, ther was one chosen in
+      England to be joyned with them, to make y<sup>e</sup> provisions for y<sup>e</sup>
+      vioage; his name was M<sup>r</sup>. Martin, he came from Billirike in
+      Essexe, from which parts came sundrie others to goe with them, as also
+      from London &amp; other places; and therfore it was thought meete &amp;
+      conveniente by them in Holand that these strangers that were to goe with
+      them, should apointe one thus to be joyned with them, not so much for any
+      great need of their help, as to avoyd all susspition, or jelosie of any
+      partiallitie. And indeed their care for giving offence, both in this &amp;
+      other things afterward, turned to great inconvenience unto them, as in y<sup>e</sup>
+      sequell will apeare; but however it shewed their equall &amp; honest
+      minds. The provissions were for y<sup>e</sup> most parte made at
+      Southhamton, contrarie to M<sup>r</sup>. Westons &amp; Robert Cushm&#257;s
+      mind (whose counsells did most concure in all things). A touch of which
+      things I shall give in a letter of his to M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, and more
+      will appear afterward.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        To his loving freind M<sup>r</sup>. John Carver, these, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Loving freind, I have received from you some letters, full of affection
+        &amp; complaints, and what it is you would have of me I know not; for
+        your crieing out, Negligence, negligence, negligence, I marvell why so
+        negligente a man was used in y<sup>e</sup> bussines. Yet know you y<sup>t</sup>
+        all that I have power to doe hear, shall not be one hower behind, I
+        warent you. You have reference to M<sup>r</sup>. Weston to help us with
+        money, more then his adventure; wher he protesteth but for his promise,
+        he would <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span>not
+        have done any thing. He saith we take a heady course, and is offended y<sup>t</sup>
+        our provissions are made so farr of; as also that he was not made
+        aquainted with our quantitie of things; and saith y<sup>t</sup> in now
+        being in 3. places, so farr remote, we will, with going up &amp; downe,
+        and wrangling &amp; expostulating, pass over y<sup>e</sup> som&#773;er
+        before we will goe. And to speake y<sup>e</sup> trueth, ther is fallen
+        already amongst us a flatt schisme; and we are redier to goe to dispute,
+        then to sett forwarde a voiage. I have received from Leyden since you
+        wente 3. or 4. letters directed to you, though they only conscerne me. I
+        will not trouble you with them. I always feared y<sup>e</sup> event of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Amsterdamers striking in with us. I trow you must excom&#773;unicate me,
+        or els you must goe without their companie, or we shall wante no
+        quareling; but let them pass. We have reckoned, it should seeme, without
+        our host; and, counting upon a 150. persons, ther cannot be founde above
+        1200<sup>li</sup>. &amp; odd moneys of all y<sup>e</sup> venturs you can
+        reckone, besids some cloath, stockings, &amp; shoes, which are not
+        counted; so we shall come shorte at least 3. or 400<sup>li</sup>. I
+        would have had some thing shortened at first of beare &amp; other
+        provissions in hope of other adventurs, &amp; now we could have, both in
+        Amsterd: &amp; Kente, beere inough to serve our turne, but now we cannot
+        accept it without prejudice. You fear we have begune to build &amp;
+        shall not be able to make an end; indeed, our courses were never
+        established by counsell, we may therfore justly fear their standing.
+        Yea, ther was a [36] schisme amongst us 3. at y<sup>e</sup> first. You
+        wrote to M<sup>r</sup>. Martin, to prevente y<sup>e</sup> making of y<sup>e</sup>
+        provissions in Kente, which he did, and sett downe his resolution how
+        much he would have of every thing, without respecte to any counsell or
+        exception. Surely he y<sup>t</sup> is in a societie &amp; yet regards
+        not counsell, may better be a king then a consorte. To be short, if ther
+        be not some other dispossition setled unto then yet is, we y<sup>t</sup>
+        should be partners of humilitie and peace, shall be examples of jangling
+        &amp; insulting. Yet your money which you ther must <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span>have, we will get provided
+        for you instantly. 500<sup>li</sup>. you say will serve; for y<sup>e</sup>
+        rest which hear &amp; in Holand is to be used, we may goe scratch for
+        it. For M<sup>r</sup>.<a name="FNanchor_T_20" id="FNanchor_T_20"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_T_20" class="fnanchor">[T]</a> Crabe, of whom you write,
+        he hath promised to goe with us, yet I tell you I shall not be without
+        feare till I see him shipped, for he is much opposed, yet I hope he will
+        not faile. Thinke y<sup>e</sup> best of all, and bear with patience what
+        is wanting, and y<sup>e</sup> Lord guid us all.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your loving freind,
+        </div>
+        <div class="right">
+          <span class="smcap">Robart Cushman.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        London, June 10.
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        &nbsp; &nbsp;An<sup>o</sup>: 1620.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      I have bene y<sup>e</sup> larger in these things, and so shall crave leave
+      in some like passages following, (thoug in other things I shal labour to
+      be more contracte,) that their children may see with what difficulties
+      their fathers wrastled in going throug these things in their first begin&#773;ings,
+      and how God brought them along notwithstanding all their weaknesses &amp;
+      infirmities. As allso that some use may be made hereof in after times by
+      others in such like waightie imployments; and herewith I will end this
+      chapter.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      <a name="The_7_Chap" id="The_7_Chap"></a>The 7. Chap.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <i>Of their departure from Leyden, and other things ther aboute, with
+      their arivall at South hamton, were they all mete togeather, and tooke in
+      ther provissions.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At length, after much travell and these debats, all things were got ready
+      and provided. A smale ship<a name="FNanchor_U_21" id="FNanchor_U_21"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_U_21" class="fnanchor">[U]</a> <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span>was bought, &amp; fitted in
+      Holand, which was intended as to serve to help to transport them, so to
+      stay in y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie and atend upon fishing and shuch other
+      affairs as might be for y<sup>e</sup> good &amp; benefite of y<sup>e</sup>
+      colonie when they came ther. Another was hired at London, of burden about
+      9. score; and all other things gott in readines. So being ready to
+      departe, they had a day of solleme humiliation, their pastor taking his
+      texte from Ezra 8. 21. <i>And ther at y<sup>e</sup> river, by Ahava, I
+      proclaimed a fast, that we might humble ourselves before our God, and
+      seeke of him a right way for us, and for our children, and for all our
+      substance.</i> Upon which he spente a good parte of y<sup>e</sup> day very
+      profitably, and suitable to their presente occasion. The rest of the time
+      was spente in powering out prairs to y<sup>e</sup> Lord with great
+      fervencie, mixed with abundance of tears. And y<sup>e</sup> time being
+      come that they must departe, they were accompanied with most of their
+      brethren out of y<sup>e</sup> citie, unto a towne sundrie miles of called
+      Delfes-Haven, wher the ship lay ready to receive them. So they lefte y<sup>t</sup>
+      goodly &amp; pleasante citie, which had been ther resting place near 12.
+      years; but they knew they were pilgrimes,<a name="FNanchor_V_22"
+      id="FNanchor_V_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_V_22" class="fnanchor">[V]</a>
+      &amp; looked not much on those things, but lift up their eyes to y<sup>e</sup>
+      heavens, their dearest cuntrie, and quieted their spirits. When they [37]
+      came to y<sup>e</sup> place they found y<sup>e</sup> ship and all things
+      ready; and shuch of their freinds as could not come with them <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span>followed
+      after them, and sundrie also came from Amsterdame to see them shipte and
+      to take their leave of them. That night was spent with litle sleepe by y<sup>e</sup>
+      most, but with freindly entertainmente &amp; christian discourse and other
+      reall expressions of true christian love. The next day, the wind being
+      faire, they wente aborde, and their freinds with them, where truly dolfull
+      was y<sup>e</sup> sight of that sade and mournfull parting; to see what
+      sighs and sobbs and praires did sound amongst them, what tears did gush
+      from every eye, &amp; pithy speeches peirst each harte; that sundry of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Dutch strangers y<sup>t</sup> stood on y<sup>e</sup> key as spectators,
+      could not refraine from tears. Yet comfortable &amp; sweete it was to see
+      shuch lively and true expressions of clear &amp; unfained love. But the
+      tide (which stays for no man) caling them away y<sup>t</sup> were thus
+      loath to departe, their Rev&#771;&#275;<sup>d</sup>: pastor falling downe
+      on his knees, (and they all with him,) with watrie cheeks com&#773;ended
+      them with most fervente praiers to the Lord and his blessing. And then
+      with mutuall imbrases and many tears, they tooke their leaves one of an
+      other; which proved to be y<sup>e</sup> last leave to many of them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus hoysing saile,<a name="FNanchor_W_23" id="FNanchor_W_23"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_W_23" class="fnanchor">[W]</a> with a prosperus winde they
+      came in short time to Southhamton, wher they found the bigger ship come
+      from London, lying ready, w<sup>th</sup> all the rest of their company.
+      After a joyfull wellcome, and mutuall congratulations, with other frendly
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span>entertainements,
+      they fell to parley aboute their bussines, how to dispatch with y<sup>e</sup>
+      best expedition; as allso with their agents, aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      alteration of y<sup>e</sup> conditions. M<sup>r</sup>. Carver pleaded he
+      was imployed hear at Hamton, and knew not well what y<sup>e</sup> other
+      had don at London. M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman answered, he had done nothing
+      but what he was urged too, partly by y<sup>e</sup> grounds of equity, and
+      more espetialy by necessitie, other wise all had bene dasht and many
+      undon. And in y<sup>e</sup> begining he aquainted his felow agents here
+      with, who consented unto him, and left it to him to execute, and to
+      receive y<sup>e</sup> money at London and send it downe to them at Hamton,
+      wher they made y<sup>e</sup> provissions; the which he accordingly did,
+      though it was against his minde, &amp; some of y<sup>e</sup> marchants, y<sup>t</sup>
+      they were their made. And for giveing them notise at Leyden of this
+      change, he could not well in regarde of y<sup>e</sup> shortnes of y<sup>e</sup>
+      time; againe, he knew it would trouble them and hinder y<sup>e</sup>
+      bussines, which was already delayed overlong in regard of y<sup>e</sup>
+      season of y<sup>e</sup> year, which he feared they would find to their
+      cost. But these things gave not contente at presente. Mr. Weston, likwise,
+      came up from London to see them dispatcht and to have y<sup>e</sup>
+      conditions confirmed; but they refused, and answered him, that he knew
+      right well that these were not according to y<sup>e</sup> first
+      agreemente, neither could they yeeld to them without y<sup>e</sup>
+      consente of the rest that were behind. And indeed they had spetiall charge
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>when
+      they came away, from the cheefe of those that were behind, not to doe it.
+      At which he was much offended, and tould them, they must then looke to
+      stand on their owne leggs. So he returned in displeasure, and this was y<sup>e</sup>
+      first ground of discontent betweene them. And wheras ther wanted well near
+      100<sup>li</sup>. to clear things at their going away, he would not take
+      order to disburse a penie, but let them shift as they could. [38] So they
+      were forst to selle of some of their provissions to stop this gape, which
+      was some 3. or 4. score firkins of butter, which comoditie they might best
+      spare, haveing provided too large a quantitie of y<sup>t</sup> kind. Then
+      they write a leter to y<sup>e</sup> marchants &amp; adventures aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      diferances concerning y<sup>e</sup> conditions, as foloweth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="ltr_dt">
+        Aug. 3. An<sup>o</sup>: 1620.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Beloved freinds, sory we are that ther should be occasion of writing at
+        all unto you, partly because we ever expected to see y<sup>e</sup> most
+        of you hear, but espetially because ther should any differance at all be
+        conceived betweene us. But seing it faleth out that we cannot conferr
+        togeather, we thinke it meete (though brefly) to show you y<sup>e</sup>
+        just cause &amp; reason of our differing from those articles last made
+        by Robart Cushman, without our comission or knowledg. And though he
+        might propound good ends to himselfe, yet it no way justifies his doing
+        it. Our maine diference is in y<sup>e</sup> 5. &amp; 9. article,
+        concerning y<sup>e</sup> deviding or holding of house and lands; the
+        injoying wherof some of your selves well know, was one spetiall motive,
+        amongst many other, to provoke us to goe. This was thought so
+        reasonable, y<sup>t</sup> when y<sup>e</sup> greatest of you in <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>adventure
+        (whom we have much cause to respecte), when he propounded conditions to
+        us freely of his owne accorde, he set this downe for one; a coppy wherof
+        we have sent unto you, with some additions then added by us; which being
+        liked on both sids, and a day set for y<sup>e</sup> paimente of moneys,
+        those of Holland paid in theirs. After y<sup>t</sup>, Robart Cushman, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Peirce, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Martine, brought them into a better forme,
+        &amp; write them in a booke now extante; and upon Robarts shewing them
+        and delivering M<sup>r</sup>. Mullins a coppy therof under his hand
+        (which we have), he payd in his money. And we of Holland had never seen
+        other before our coming to Hamton, but only as one got for him selfe a
+        private coppy of them; upon sight wherof we manyfested uter dislike, but
+        had put of our estats &amp; were ready to come, and therfore was too
+        late to rejecte y<sup>e</sup> vioage. Judge therfore we beseech you
+        indiferently of things, and if a faulte have bene com&#773;ited, lay it
+        wher it is, &amp; not upon us, who have more cause to stand for y<sup>e</sup>
+        one, then you have for y<sup>e</sup> other. We never gave Robart Cushman
+        comission to make any one article for us, but only sent him to receive
+        moneys upon articles before agreed on, and to further y<sup>e</sup>
+        provissions till John Carver came, and to assiste him in it. Yet since
+        you conceive your selves wronged as well as we, we thought meete to add
+        a branch to y<sup>e</sup> end of our 9. article, as will allmost heale
+        that wound of it selfe, which you conceive to be in it. But that it may
+        appeare to all men y<sup>t</sup> we are not lovers of our selves only,
+        but desire also y<sup>e</sup> good &amp; inriching of our freinds who
+        have adventured your moneys with our persons, we have added our last
+        article to y<sup>e</sup> rest, promising you againe by leters in y<sup>e</sup>
+        behalfe of the whole company, that if large profits should not arise
+        within y<sup>e</sup> 7. years, y<sup>t</sup> we will continue togeather
+        longer with you, if y<sup>e</sup> Lord give a blessing.<a
+        name="FNanchor_X_24" id="FNanchor_X_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_X_24"
+        class="fnanchor">[X]</a> This we hope is sufficente to satisfie any in
+        this case, espetialy freinds, since we are asured y<sup>t</sup> if <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span>the whole
+        charge was devided into 4. parts, 3. of them will not stand upon it,
+        nether doe regarde it, &amp;c. We are in shuch a streate at presente, as
+        we are forced to sell away 60<sup>li</sup>. worth of our provissions to
+        cleare y<sup>e</sup> Haven, &amp; withall put our selves upon great
+        extremities, scarce haveing any butter, no oyle, not a sole to mend a
+        shoe, [39] nor every man a sword to his side, wanting many muskets, much
+        armoure, &amp;c. And yet we are willing to expose our selves to shuch
+        eminente dangers as are like to insue, &amp; trust to y<sup>e</sup> good
+        providence of God, rather then his name &amp; truth should be evill
+        spoken of for us. Thus saluting all of you in love, and beseeching the
+        Lord to give a blesing to our endeavore, and keepe all our harts in y<sup>e</sup>
+        bonds of peace &amp; love, we take leave &amp; rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Yours, &amp;c.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        Aug. 3. 1620.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      It was subscribed with many names of y<sup>e</sup> cheefest of y<sup>e</sup>
+      company.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At their parting M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson write a leter to y<sup>e</sup>
+      whole company, which though it hath already bene printed, yet I thought
+      good here likwise to inserte it; as also a breefe leter writ at y<sup>e</sup>
+      same time to M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, in which y<sup>e</sup> tender love
+      &amp; godly care of a true pastor appears.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        My dear Brother,&mdash;I received inclosed in your last leter y<sup>e</sup>
+        note of information, w<sup>ch</sup> I shall carefuly keepe &amp; make
+        use of as ther shall be occasion. I have a true feeling of your
+        perplexitie of mind &amp; toyle of body, but I hope that you who have
+        allways been able so plentifully to administer comforte unto others in
+        their trials, are so well furnished for your selfe as that farr greater
+        difficulties then you have yet undergone <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span>(though I conceive them to
+        have been great enough) cannot oppresse you, though they press you, as y<sup>e</sup>
+        Aspostle speaks. The spirite of a man (sustained by y<sup>e</sup>
+        spirite of God) will sustaine his infirmitie, I dout not so will yours.
+        And y<sup>e</sup> beter much when you shall injoye y<sup>e</sup>
+        presence &amp; help of so many godly &amp; wise bretheren, for y<sup>e</sup>
+        bearing of part of your burthen, who also will not admitte into their
+        harts y<sup>e</sup> least thought of suspition of any y<sup>e</sup>
+        least negligence, at least presumption, to have been in you, what so
+        ever they thinke in others. Now what shall I say or write unto you &amp;
+        your goodwife my loving sister? even only this, I desire (&amp; allways
+        shall) unto you from y<sup>e</sup> Lord, as unto my owne soule; and
+        assure your selfe y<sup>t</sup> my harte is with you, and that I will
+        not forslowe my bodily coming at y<sup>e</sup> first oppertunitie. I
+        have writen a large leter to y<sup>e</sup> whole, and am sorie I shall
+        not rather speak then write to them; &amp; the more, considering y<sup>e</sup>
+        wante of a preacher, which I shall also make sume spurr to my hastening
+        after you. I doe ever com&#773;end my best affection unto you, which if
+        I thought you made any doubte of, I would express in more, &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+        same more ample &amp; full words. And y<sup>e</sup> Lord in whom you
+        trust &amp; whom you serve ever in this bussines &amp; journey, guid you
+        with his hand, protecte you with his winge, and shew you &amp; us his
+        salvation in y<sup>e</sup> end, &amp; bring us in y<sup>e</sup> mean
+        while togeather in y<sup>e</sup> place desired, if shuch be his good
+        will, for his Christs sake.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Amen.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Yours, &amp;c.
+        </div>
+        <div class="right">
+          Jo: R.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        July 27. 1620.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This was y<sup>e</sup> last letter y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Carver
+      lived to see from him. The other follows.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span><a
+        name="FNanchor_Y_25" id="FNanchor_Y_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_Y_25"
+        class="fnanchor">[Y]</a>Lovinge Christian friends, I doe hartily &amp;
+        in y<sup>e</sup> Lord salute you all, as being they with whom I am
+        presente in my best affection, and most ernest longings after you,
+        though I be constrained for a while to be bodily absente from you. I say
+        constrained, God knowing how willingly, &amp; much rather then
+        otherwise, I would have borne my part with you in this first brunt, were
+        I not by strong necessitie held back for y<sup>e</sup> present. Make
+        accounte of me in y<sup>e</sup> mean while, as of a man devided in my
+        selfe with great paine, and as (naturall bonds set a side) having my
+        beter parte with [40] you. And though I doubt not but in your godly
+        wisdoms, you both foresee &amp; resolve upon y<sup>t</sup> which
+        concerneth your presente state &amp; condition, both severally &amp;
+        joyntly, yet have I thought it but my duty to add some furder spurr of
+        provocation unto them, who rune allready, if not because you need it,
+        yet because I owe it in love &amp; dutie. And first, as we are daly to
+        renew our repentance with our God, espetially for our sines known, and
+        generally for our unknowne trespasses, so doth y<sup>e</sup> Lord call
+        us in a singuler maner upon occasions of shuch difficultie &amp; danger
+        as lieth upon you, to a both more narrow search &amp; carefull
+        reformation of your ways in his sight; least he, calling to remembrance
+        our sines forgotten by us or unrepented of, take advantage against us,
+        &amp; in judgmente leave us for y<sup>e</sup> same to be swalowed up in
+        one danger or other; wheras, on the contrary, sine being taken away by
+        ernest repentance &amp; y<sup>e</sup> pardon therof from y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord sealed up unto a mans conscience by his spirite, great shall be his
+        securitie and peace in all dangers, sweete his comforts in all
+        distresses, with hapie deliverance from all evill, whether in life or in
+        death.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Now next after this heavenly peace with God &amp; our owne consciences,
+        we are carefully to provide for peace with all men what in us lieth,
+        espetially with our associats, &amp; for y<sup>e</sup> watchfullnes must
+        be had, that we neither at all in our selves doe give, no nor easily
+        take offence being given by others. Woe be unto y<sup>e</sup> world for
+        offences, for though it be necessarie (considering <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> malice of Satan
+        &amp; mans corruption) that offences come, yet woe unto y<sup>e</sup>
+        man or woman either by whom y<sup>e</sup> offence cometh, saith Christ,
+        Mat. 18. 7. And if offences in y<sup>e</sup> unseasonable use of things
+        in them selves indifferent, be more to be feared then death itselfe, as
+        y<sup>e</sup> Apostle teacheth, 1. Cor. 9. 15. how much more in things
+        simply evill, in which neither honour of God nor love of man is thought
+        worthy to be regarded. Neither yet is it sufficiente y<sup>t</sup> we
+        keepe our selves by y<sup>e</sup> grace of God from giveing offence,
+        exepte withall we be armed against y<sup>e</sup> taking of them when
+        they be given by others. For how imperfect &amp; lame is y<sup>e</sup>
+        work of grace in y<sup>t</sup> person, who wants charritie to cover a
+        multitude of offences, as y<sup>e</sup> scriptures speake. Neither are
+        you to be exhorted to this grace only upon y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;one
+        grounds of Christianitie, which are, that persons ready to take offence,
+        either wante charitie, to cover offences, of wisdome duly to waigh
+        humane frailtie; or lastly, are grosse, though close hipocrites, as
+        Christ our Lord teacheth, Mat. 7. 1, 2, 3, as indeed in my owne
+        experience, few or none have bene found which sooner give offence, then
+        shuch as easily take it; neither have they ever proved sound &amp;
+        profitable members in societies, which have nurished this touchey humor.
+        But besids these, ther are diverse motives provoking you above others to
+        great care &amp; conscience this way: As first, you are many of you
+        strangers, as to y<sup>e</sup> persons, so to y<sup>e</sup> infirmities
+        one of another, &amp; so stand in neede of more watchfullnes this way,
+        least when shuch things fall out in men &amp; women as you suspected
+        not, you be inordinatly affected with them; which doth require at your
+        hands much wisdome &amp; charitie for y<sup>e</sup> covering &amp;
+        preventing of incident offences that way. And lastly, your intended
+        course of civill comunitie will minister continuall occasion of offence,
+        &amp; will be as fuell for that fire, excepte you dilligently quench it
+        with brotherly forbearance. And if taking of offence causlesly or
+        easilie at mens doings be so carefuly to be avoyded, how much <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span>more heed
+        is to be taken y<sup>t</sup> we take not offence at God him selfe, which
+        yet we certainly doe so oft&#275; as we doe murmure at his providence in
+        our crosses, or beare impatiently shuch afflictions as wherwith he
+        pleaseth to visite us. Store up therfore patience against y<sup>e</sup>
+        evill day, without which we take offence at y<sup>e</sup> Lord him selfe
+        in his holy &amp; just works.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        A 4. thing ther is carfully to be provided for, to witte, that with your
+        com&#773;one imployments you joyne com&#773;one affections truly bente
+        upon y<sup>e</sup> generall good, avoyding as a deadly [41] plague of
+        your both com&#773;one &amp; spetiall comfort all retirednes of minde
+        for proper advantage, and all singularly affected any maner of way; let
+        every man represe in him selfe &amp; y<sup>e</sup> whol body in each
+        person, as so many rebels against y<sup>e</sup> commone good, all
+        private respects of mens selves, not sorting with y<sup>e</sup> generall
+        conveniencie. And as men are carfull not to have a new house shaken with
+        any violence before it be well setled &amp; y<sup>e</sup> parts firmly
+        knite, so be you, I beseech you, brethren, much more carfull, y<sup>t</sup>
+        the house of God which you are, and are to be, be not shaken with
+        unnecessarie novelties or other oppositions at y<sup>e</sup> first
+        setling therof.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Lastly, wheras you are become a body politik, using amongst your selves
+        civill govermente, and are not furnished with any persons of spetiall
+        eminencie above y<sup>e</sup> rest, to be chosen by you into office of
+        goverment, let your wisdome &amp; godlines appeare, not only in chusing
+        shuch persons as doe entirely love and will promote y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;one
+        good, but also in yeelding unto them all due honour &amp; obedience in
+        their lawfull administrations; not behoulding in them y<sup>e</sup>
+        ordinarinesse of their persons, but Gods ordinance for your good, not
+        being like y<sup>e</sup> foolish multitud who more honour y<sup>e</sup>
+        gay coate, then either y<sup>e</sup> vertuous minde of y<sup>e</sup>
+        man, or glorious ordinance of y<sup>e</sup> Lord. But you know better
+        things, &amp; that y<sup>e</sup> image of y<sup>e</sup> Lords power
+        &amp; authoritie which y<sup>e</sup> magistrate beareth, is honourable,
+        in how meane persons <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>soever.
+        And this dutie you both may y<sup>e</sup> more willingly and ought y<sup>e</sup>
+        more conscionably to performe, because you are at least for y<sup>e</sup>
+        present to have only them for your ordinarie governours, which your
+        selves shall make choyse of for that worke.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Sundrie other things of importance I could put you in minde of, and of
+        those before mentioned, in more words, but I will not so farr wrong your
+        godly minds as to thinke you heedless of these things, ther being also
+        diverce among you so well able to admonish both them selves &amp; others
+        of what concerneth them. These few things therfore, &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+        same in few words, I doe ernestly com&#773;end unto your care &amp;
+        conscience, joyning therwith my daily incessante prayers unto y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord, y<sup>t</sup> he who hath made y<sup>e</sup> heavens &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+        earth, y<sup>e</sup> sea and all rivers of waters, and whose providence
+        is over all his workes, espetially over all his dear children for good,
+        would so guide &amp; gard you in your wayes, as inwardly by his Spirite,
+        so outwardly by y<sup>e</sup> hand of his power, as y<sup>t</sup> both
+        you &amp; we also, for &amp; with you, may have after matter of praising
+        his name all y<sup>e</sup> days of your and our lives. Fare you well in
+        him in whom you trust, and in whom I rest.
+      </p>
+      <div class="center">
+        An unfained wellwiller of your hapie<br /> success in this hopefull
+        voyage,
+      </div>
+      <div class="right">
+        <span class="smcap">John Robinson.</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This letter, though large, yet being so frutfull in it selfe, and suitable
+      to their occation, I thought meete to inserte in this place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All things being now ready, &amp; every bussines dispatched, the company
+      was caled togeather, and this letter read amongst them, which had good
+      acceptation with all, and after fruit with many. Then they ordered <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span>&amp;
+      distributed their company for either shipe, as they conceived for y<sup>e</sup>
+      best. And chose a Governor &amp; 2. or 3. assistants for each shipe, to
+      order y<sup>e</sup> people by y<sup>e</sup> way, and see to y<sup>e</sup>
+      dispossing of there provissions, and shuch like affairs. All which was not
+      only with y<sup>e</sup> liking of y<sup>e</sup> maisters of y<sup>e</sup>
+      ships, but according to their desires. Which being done, they sett sayle
+      from thence aboute y<sup>e</sup> 5. of August; but what befell them
+      further upon y<sup>e</sup> coast of England will appeare in y<sup>e</sup>
+      nexte chapter.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      <a name="The_8_Chap" id="The_8_Chap"></a>The 8. Chap.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <i>Off the troubls that befell them on the coaste, and at sea being
+      forced, after much trouble, to leave one of ther ships &amp; some of their
+      companie behind them.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [42] Being thus put to sea they had not gone farr, but M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Reinolds y<sup>e</sup> master of y<sup>e</sup> leser ship complained that
+      he found his ship so leak as he durst not put further to sea till she was
+      mended. So y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> biger ship (caled
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Jonas) being consulted with, they both resolved to put into
+      Dartmouth &amp; have her ther searched &amp; mended, which accordingly was
+      done, to their great charg &amp; losse of time and a faire winde. She was
+      hear thorowly searcht from steme to sterne, some leaks were found &amp;
+      mended, and now it was conceived by the workmen &amp; all, that she was
+      sufficiente, &amp; they might proceede without either fear or danger. So
+      with good hopes from hence, they put <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>to sea againe, conceiving they
+      should goe comfortably on, not looking for any more lets of this kind; but
+      it fell out otherwise, for after they were gone to sea againe above 100.
+      leagues without the Lands End, houlding company togeather all this while,
+      the m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> small ship complained his ship was so
+      leake as he must beare up or sinke at sea, for they could scarce free her
+      with much pumping. So they came to consultation againe, and resolved both
+      ships to bear up backe againe &amp; put into Plim&#773;oth, which
+      accordingly was done. But no spetiall leake could be founde, but it was
+      judged to be y<sup>e</sup> generall weaknes of y<sup>e</sup> shipe, and
+      that shee would not prove sufficiente for the voiage. Upon which it was
+      resolved to dismise her &amp; parte of y<sup>e</sup> companie, and
+      proceede with y<sup>e</sup> other shipe. The which (though it was
+      greevous, &amp; caused great discouragmente) was put in execution. So
+      after they had tooke out such provission as y<sup>e</sup> other ship could
+      well stow, and concluded both what number and what persons to send bak,
+      they made another sad parting, y<sup>e</sup> one ship going backe for
+      London, and y<sup>e</sup> other was to proceede on her viage. Those that
+      went bak were for the most parte such as were willing so to doe, either
+      out of some discontente, or feare they conceived of y<sup>e</sup> ill
+      success of y<sup>e</sup> vioage, seeing so many croses befale, &amp; the
+      year time so farr spente; but others, in regarde of their owne weaknes,
+      and charge of many yonge children, were thought least usefull, and most
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>unfite
+      to bear y<sup>e</sup> brunte of this hard adventure; unto which worke of
+      God, and judgmente of their brethern, they were contented to submite. And
+      thus, like Gedions armie, this small number was devided, as if y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord by this worke of his providence thought these few to many for y<sup>e</sup>
+      great worke he had to doe. But here by the way let me show, how afterward
+      it was found y<sup>t</sup> the leaknes of this ship was partly by being
+      over masted, and too much pressed with sayles; for after she was sould
+      &amp; put into her old trime, she made many viages &amp; performed her
+      service very sufficiently, to y<sup>e</sup> great profite of her owners.
+      But more espetially, by the cuning &amp; deceite of y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>.
+      &amp; his company, who were hired to stay a whole year in y<sup>e</sup>
+      cuntrie, and now fancying dislike &amp; fearing wante of victeles, they
+      ploted this strategem to free them selves; as afterwards was knowne, &amp;
+      by some of them confessed. For they apprehended y<sup>t</sup> the greater
+      ship, being of force, &amp; in whom most of y<sup>e</sup> provissions were
+      stowed, she would retayne enough for her selfe, what soever became of them
+      or y<sup>e</sup> passengers; &amp; indeed shuch speeches had bene cast out
+      by some of them; and yet, besids other incouragments, y<sup>e</sup> cheefe
+      of them that came from Leyden wente in this shipe to give y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>.
+      contente. But so strong was self love &amp; his fears, as he forgott all
+      duty and [43] former kindnesses, &amp; delt thus falsly with them, though
+      he pretended otherwise. Amongest those that returned was M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Cushman &amp; his familie, whose hart <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span>&amp; courage was gone from
+      them before, as it seems, though his body was with them till now he
+      departed; as may appear by a passionate letter he write to a freind in
+      London from Dartmouth, whilst y<sup>e</sup> ship lay ther a mending; the
+      which, besids y<sup>e</sup> expressions of his owne fears, it shows much
+      of y<sup>e</sup> providence of God working for their good beyonde man's
+      expectation, &amp; other things concerning their condition in these
+      streats. I will hear relate it. And though it discover some infirmities in
+      him (as who under temtation is free), yet after this he continued to be a
+      spetiall instrumente for their good, and to doe y<sup>e</sup> offices of a
+      loving freind &amp; faithfull brother unto them, and pertaker of much
+      comforte with them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The letter is as followth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        To his loving friend Ed: S.<a name="FNanchor_Z_26" id="FNanchor_Z_26"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_Z_26" class="fnanchor">[Z]</a> at Henige House in y<sup>e</sup>
+        Duks Place,<br /> these, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p class="ltr_dt">
+        Dartmouth, Aug. 17.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Loving friend, my most kind remembrance to you &amp; your wife, with
+        loving E. M. &amp;c. whom in this world I never looke to see againe. For
+        besids y<sup>e</sup> eminente dangers of this viage, which are no less
+        then deadly, an infirmitie of body hath ceased me, which will not in all
+        lie<sup>c</sup>lyhoode leave me till death. What to call it I know not,
+        but it is a bundle of lead, as it were, crushing my harte more &amp;
+        more these 14. days, as that allthough I doe y<sup>e</sup> acctions of a
+        liveing man, yet I am but as dead; but y<sup>e</sup> will of God be
+        done. Our pinass will not cease leaking, els I thinke we had been halfe
+        way at Virginia, our viage hither hath been as full of crosses, as our
+        selves <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span>have
+        been of crokednes. We put in hear to trim&#773;e her, &amp; I thinke, as
+        others also, if we had stayed at sea but 3. or 4. howers more, shee
+        would have sunke right downe. And though she was twise trim&#773;ed at
+        Hamton, yet now shee is open and leakie as a seive; and ther was a
+        borde, a man might have puld of with his fingers, 2 foote longe, wher y<sup>e</sup>
+        water came in as at a mole hole. We lay at Hamton 7. days, in fair
+        weather, waiting for her, and now we lye hear waiting for her in as
+        faire a wind as can blowe, and so have done these 4. days, and are like
+        to lye 4. more, and by y<sup>t</sup> time y<sup>e</sup> wind will
+        happily turne as it did at Hampton. Our victualls will be halfe eaten
+        up, I thinke, before we goe from the coaste of England, and if our viage
+        last longe, we shall not have a months victialls when we come in y<sup>e</sup>
+        countrie. Neare 700<sup>li</sup>. hath bene bestowed at Hampton, upon
+        what I know not. Mr. Martin saith he neither can nor will give any
+        accounte of it, and if he be called upon for accounts he crieth out of
+        unthankfullnes for his paines &amp; care, that we are susspitious of
+        him, and flings away, &amp; will end nothing. Also he so insult&#275;h
+        over our poore people, with shuch scorne &amp; contempte, as if they
+        were not good enough to wipe his shoes. It would break your hart to see
+        his dealing,<a name="FNanchor_AA_27" id="FNanchor_AA_27"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_AA_27" class="fnanchor">[AA]</a> and y<sup>e</sup>
+        mourning of our people. They complaine to me, &amp; alass! I can doe
+        nothing for them; if I speake to him, he flies in my face, as mutinous,
+        and saith no complaints shall be heard or received but by him selfe, and
+        saith they are forwarde, &amp; waspish, discontented people, &amp; I doe
+        ill to hear them. Ther are others y<sup>t</sup> would lose all they have
+        put in, or make satisfaction for what they have had, that they might
+        departe: but he will not hear them, nor suffer them to goe ashore, least
+        they should rune away. The sailors also are so offended at his ignorante
+        bouldnes, in medling &amp; controuling in things he knows not what
+        belongs too, as y<sup>t</sup> some <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span>threaten to misscheefe him,
+        others say they will leave y<sup>e</sup> shipe &amp; goe their way. But
+        at y<sup>e</sup> best this cometh of it, y<sup>t</sup> he maks him selfe
+        a scorne &amp; laughing stock unto them. As for M<sup>r</sup>. Weston,
+        excepte grace doe greatly swaye with him, he will hate us ten times more
+        then ever he loved us, for not confirming y<sup>e</sup> conditions. But
+        now, since some pinches have taken them, they begine to reveile y<sup>e</sup>
+        trueth, &amp; say M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson was in y<sup>e</sup> falte who
+        charged them never to consente to those conditions, nor chuse me into
+        office, but indeede apointed them to chose them they did chose.<a
+        name="FNanchor_AB_28" id="FNanchor_AB_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_AB_28"
+        class="fnanchor">[AB]</a> But he &amp; they will rue too late, they may
+        [44] now see, &amp; all be ashamed when it is too late, that they were
+        so ignorante, yea, &amp; so inordinate in their courses. I am sure as
+        they were resolved not to seale those conditions, I was not so resolute
+        at Hampton to have left y<sup>e</sup> whole bussines, excepte they would
+        seale them, &amp; better y<sup>e</sup> vioage to have bene broken of
+        then, then to have brought such miserie to our selves, dishonour to God,
+        &amp; detrimente to our loving freinds, as now it is like to doe. 4. or
+        5. of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of them which came from Leyden, came resolved
+        never to goe on those conditions. And M<sup>r</sup>. Martine, he said he
+        never received no money on those conditions, he was not beholden to y<sup>e</sup>
+        marchants for a pine, they were bloudsuckers, &amp; I know not what.
+        Simple man, he indeed never made any conditions w<sup>th</sup> the
+        marchants, nor ever spake with them. But did all that money flie to
+        Hampton, or was it his owne? Who will goe &amp; lay out money so rashly
+        &amp; lavishly as he did, and never know how he comes by it, or on what
+        conditions? 2<sup>ly</sup>. I tould him of y<sup>e</sup> alteration
+        longe agoe, &amp; he was contente; but now he dominires, &amp; said I
+        had betrayed them into y<sup>e</sup> hands of slaves; he is not beholden
+        to them, he can set out 2. ships him selfe to a viage. When, good man?
+        He hath but 50<sup>li</sup>. in, &amp; if he should give up his accounts
+        he would not have a penie left <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89"
+        id="Page_89">[89]</a></span>him, as I am persuaded,<a
+        name="FNanchor_AC_29" id="FNanchor_AC_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_AC_29"
+        class="fnanchor">[AC]</a> &amp;c. Freind, if ever we make a plantation,
+        God works a mirakle; especially considering how scante we shall be of
+        victualls, and most of all ununited amongst our selves, &amp; devoyd of
+        good tutors &amp; regimente. Violence will break all. Wher is y<sup>e</sup>
+        meek &amp; humble spirite of Moyses? &amp; of Nehemiah who reedified y<sup>e</sup>
+        wals of Jerusalem, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> state of Israell? Is not y<sup>e</sup>
+        sound of Rehoboams braggs daly hear amongst us? Have not y<sup>e</sup>
+        philosophers and all wise men observed y<sup>t</sup>, even in setled com&#773;one
+        welths, violente governours bring either them selves, or people, or
+        boath, to ruine; how much more in y<sup>e</sup> raising of com&#773;one
+        wealths, when y<sup>e</sup> morter is yet scarce tempered y<sup>t</sup>
+        should bind y<sup>e</sup> wales. If I should write to you of all things
+        which promiscuously forerune our ruine, I should over charge my weake
+        head and greeve your tender hart; only this, I pray you prepare for
+        evill tidings of us every day. But pray for us instantly, it may be y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord will be yet entreated one way or other to make for us. I see not in
+        reason how we shall escape even y<sup>e</sup> gasping of hunger starved
+        persons; but God can doe much, &amp; his will be done. It is better for
+        me to dye, then now for me to bear it, which I doe daly, &amp; expecte
+        it howerly; haveing received y<sup>e</sup> sentance of death, both
+        within me &amp; without me. Poore William King &amp; my selfe doe strive<a
+        name="FNanchor_AD_30" id="FNanchor_AD_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_AD_30"
+        class="fnanchor">[AD]</a> who shall be meate first for y<sup>e</sup>
+        fishes; but we looke for a glorious resurrection, knowing Christ Jesus
+        after y<sup>e</sup> flesh no more, but looking unto y<sup>e</sup> joye y<sup>t</sup>
+        is before us, we will endure all these things and accounte them light in
+        comparison of y<sup>t</sup> joye we hope for. Remember me in all love to
+        our freinds as if I named them, whose praiers I desire ernestly, &amp;
+        wish againe to see, but not till I can with more comforte looke them in
+        y<sup>e</sup> face. The Lord give us that true comforte which none can
+        take from us. I had a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90"
+        id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>desire to make a breefe relation of our
+        estate to some freind. I doubte not but your wisdome will teach you
+        seasonably to utter things as here after you shall be called to it. That
+        which I have writen is treue, &amp; many things more which I have
+        forborne. I write it as upon my life, and last confession in England.
+        What is of use to be spoken [45] of presently, you may speake of it, and
+        what is fitt to conceile, conceall. Pass by my weake maner, for my head
+        is weake, &amp; my body feeble, y<sup>e</sup> Lord make me strong in
+        him, &amp; keepe both you &amp; yours.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your loving friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Robart Cushman.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        Dartmouth, Aug. 17. 1620.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end blockquot -->
+    <p>
+      These being his conceptions &amp; fears at Dartmouth, they must needs be
+      much stronger now at Plimoth.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      <a name="The_9_Chap" id="The_9_Chap"></a>The 9. Chap.
+    </h3>
+    <p class="center">
+      <i>Of their vioage, &amp; how they passed y<sup>e</sup> sea, and of their
+      safe arrivall at Cape Codd.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="smcap">Sept<sup>r</sup>: 6.</span> These troubls being blowne
+      over, and now all being compacte togeather in one shipe,<a
+      name="FNanchor_AE_31" id="FNanchor_AE_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_AE_31"
+      class="fnanchor">[AE]</a> they put to sea againe with a prosperus winde,
+      which continued diverce days togeather, which was some incouragmente unto
+      them; yet according to y<sup>e</sup> usuall maner many were afflicted with
+      sea-sicknes. And I may not omite hear a spetiall worke of Gods providence.
+      Ther was a proud &amp; very profane yonge man, one of y<sup>e</sup> <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>sea-men, of
+      a lustie, able body, which made him the more hauty; he would allway be
+      contemning y<sup>e</sup> poore people in their sicknes, &amp; cursing them
+      dayly with gre&#275;ous execrations, and did not let to tell them, that he
+      hoped to help to cast halfe of them over board before they came to their
+      jurneys end, and to make mery with what they had; and if he were by any
+      gently reproved, he would curse and swear most bitterly. But it plased God
+      before they came halfe seas over, to smite this yong man with a greeveous
+      disease, of which he dyed in a desperate maner, and so was him selfe y<sup>e</sup>
+      first y<sup>t</sup> was throwne overbord. Thus his curses light on his
+      owne head; and it was an astonishmente to all his fellows, for they noted
+      it to be y<sup>e</sup> just hand of God upon him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After they had injoyed faire winds and weather for a season, they were
+      incountred many times with crosse winds, and mette with many feirce
+      stormes, with which y<sup>e</sup> shipe was shroudly shaken, and her upper
+      works made very leakie; and one of the maine beames in y<sup>e</sup> midd
+      ships was bowed &amp; craked, which put them in some fear that y<sup>e</sup>
+      shipe could not be able to performe y<sup>e</sup> vioage. So some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> company, perceiveing y<sup>e</sup> mariners to
+      feare y<sup>e</sup> suffisiencie of y<sup>e</sup> shipe, as appeared by
+      their mutterings, they entred into serious consulltation with y<sup>e</sup>
+      m<sup>r</sup>. &amp; other officers of y<sup>e</sup> ship, to consider in
+      time of y<sup>e</sup> danger; and rather to returne then to cast them
+      selves into a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span>desperate
+      &amp; inevitable perill. And truly ther was great distraction &amp;
+      differance of opinion amongst y<sup>e</sup> mariners them selves; faine
+      would they doe what could be done for their wages sake, (being now halfe
+      the seas over,) and on y<sup>e</sup> other hand they were loath to hazard
+      their lives too desperatly. But in examening of all opinions, the m<sup>r</sup>.
+      &amp; others affirmed they knew y<sup>e</sup> ship to be stronge &amp;
+      firme under water; and for the buckling of y<sup>e</sup> maine beame, ther
+      was a great iron scrue y<sup>e</sup> passengers brought out of Holland,
+      which would raise y<sup>e</sup> beame into his place; y<sup>e</sup> which
+      being done, the carpenter &amp; m<sup>r</sup>. affirmed that with a post
+      put under it, set firme in y<sup>e</sup> lower deck, &amp; otherways
+      bounde, he would make it sufficiente. And as for y<sup>e</sup> decks &amp;
+      uper workes they would calke them as well as they could, and though with y<sup>e</sup>
+      workeing of y<sup>e</sup> ship they [46] would not longe keepe stanch, yet
+      ther would otherwise be no great danger, if they did not overpress her
+      with sails. So they com&#773;ited them selves to y<sup>e</sup> will of
+      God, &amp; resolved to proseede. In sundrie of these stormes the winds
+      were so feirce, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> seas so high, as they could not beare
+      a knote of saile, but were forced to hull, for diverce days togither. And
+      in one of them, as they thus lay at hull, in a mighty storme, a lustie
+      yonge man (called John Howland) coming upon some occasion above y<sup>e</sup>
+      grattings, was, with a seele of the shipe throwne into [y<sup>e</sup>]
+      sea; but it pleased God y<sup>t</sup> he caught hould of y<sup>e</sup>
+      top-saile <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span>halliards,
+      which hunge over board, &amp; rane out at length; yet he held his hould
+      (though he was sundrie fadomes under water) till he was hald up by y<sup>e</sup>
+      same rope to y<sup>e</sup> brime of y<sup>e</sup> water, and then with a
+      boat hooke &amp; other means got into y<sup>e</sup> shipe againe, &amp;
+      his life saved; and though he was something ill with it, yet he lived many
+      years after, and became a profitable member both in church &amp; com&#773;one
+      wealthe. In all this viage ther died but one of y<sup>e</sup> passengers,
+      which was William Butten, a youth, servant to Samuell Fuller, when they
+      drew near y<sup>e</sup> coast. But to omite other things, (that I may be
+      breefe,) after longe beating at sea they fell with that land which is
+      called Cape Cod; the which being made &amp; certainly knowne to be it,
+      they were not a litle joyfull. After some deliberation had amongst them
+      selves &amp; with y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> ship, they
+      tacked aboute and resolved to stande for y<sup>e</sup> southward (y<sup>e</sup>
+      wind &amp; weather being faire) to finde some place aboute Hudsons river
+      for their habitation. But after they had sailed y<sup>t</sup> course
+      aboute halfe y<sup>e</sup> day, they fell amongst deangerous shoulds and
+      roring breakers, and they were so farr intangled ther with as they
+      conceived them selves in great danger; &amp; y<sup>e</sup> wind shrinking
+      upon them withall, they resolved to bear up againe for the Cape, and
+      thought them selves hapy to gett out of those dangers before night
+      overtooke them, as by Gods providence they did. And y<sup>e</sup> next day
+      they gott into y<sup>e</sup> Cape-harbor wher they ridd in <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span>saftie. A
+      word or too by y<sup>e</sup> way of this cape; it was thus first named by
+      Capten Gosnole &amp; his company,<a name="FNanchor_AF_32"
+      id="FNanchor_AF_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_AF_32" class="fnanchor">[AF]</a>
+      Anno: 1602, and after by Capten Smith was caled Cape James; but it retains
+      y<sup>e</sup> former name amongst seamen. Also y<sup>t</sup> pointe which
+      first shewed those dangerous shoulds unto them, they called Pointe Care,
+      &amp; Tuckers Terrour; but y<sup>e</sup> French &amp; Dutch to this day
+      call it Malabarr, by reason of those perilous shoulds, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      losses they have suffered their.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Being thus arived in a good harbor and brought safe to land, they fell
+      upon their knees &amp; blessed y<sup>e</sup> God of heaven, who had
+      brought them over y<sup>e</sup> vast &amp; furious ocean, and delivered
+      them from all y<sup>e</sup> periles &amp; miseries therof, againe to set
+      their feete on y<sup>e</sup> firme and stable earth, their proper
+      elemente. And no marvell if they were thus joyefull, seeing wise Seneca
+      was so affected with sailing a few miles on y<sup>e</sup> coast of his
+      owne Italy; as he affirmed,<a name="FNanchor_AG_33" id="FNanchor_AG_33"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_AG_33" class="fnanchor">[AG]</a> that he had rather
+      remaine twentie years on his way by land, then pass by sea to any place in
+      a short time; so tedious &amp; dreadfull was y<sup>e</sup> same unto him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But hear I cannot but stay and make a pause, and stand half amased at this
+      poore peoples presente condition; and so I thinke will the reader too,
+      when he well considers [47] y<sup>e</sup> same. Being thus passed y<sup>e</sup>
+      vast ocean, and a sea of troubles before in their preparation (as may be
+      remembred by y<sup>t</sup> which wente <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>before), they had now no
+      freinds to wellcome them, nor inns to entertaine or refresh their
+      weatherbeaten bodys, no houses or much less townes to repaire too, to
+      seeke for succoure. It is recorded in scripture<a name="FNanchor_AH_34"
+      id="FNanchor_AH_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_AH_34" class="fnanchor">[AH]</a>
+      as a mercie to y<sup>e</sup> apostle &amp; his shipwraked company, y<sup>t</sup>
+      the barbarians shewed them no smale kindnes in refreshing them, but these
+      savage barbarians, when they mette with them (as after will appeare) were
+      readier to fill their sids full of arrows then otherwise. And for y<sup>e</sup>
+      season it was winter, and they that know y<sup>e</sup> winters of y<sup>t</sup>
+      cuntrie know them to be sharp &amp; violent, &amp; subjecte to cruell
+      &amp; feirce stormes, deangerous to travill to known places, much more to
+      serch an unknown coast. Besids, what could they see but a hidious &amp;
+      desolate wildernes, full of wild beasts &amp; willd men? and what
+      multituds ther might be of them they knew not. Nether could they, as it
+      were, goe up to y<sup>e</sup> tope of Pisgah, to vew from this willdernes
+      a more goodly cuntrie to feed their hops; for which way soever they turnd
+      their eys (save upward to y<sup>e</sup> heavens) they could have litle
+      solace or content in respecte of any outward objects. For sum&#773;er
+      being done, all things stand upon them with a wetherbeaten face; and y<sup>e</sup>
+      whole countrie, full of woods &amp; thickets, represented a wild &amp;
+      savage heiw. If they looked behind them, ther was y<sup>e</sup> mighty
+      ocean which they had passed, and was now as a <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span>maine barr &amp; goulfe to
+      seperate them from all y<sup>e</sup> civill parts of y<sup>e</sup> world.
+      If it be said they had a ship to sucour them, it is trew; but what heard
+      they daly from y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. &amp; company? but y<sup>t</sup>
+      with speede they should looke out a place with their shallop, wher they
+      would be at some near distance; for y<sup>e</sup> season was shuch as he
+      would not stirr from thence till a safe harbor was discovered by them wher
+      they would be, and he might goe without danger; and that victells consumed
+      apace, but he must &amp; would keepe sufficient for them selves &amp;
+      their returne. Yea, it was muttered by some, that if they gott not a place
+      in time, they would turne them &amp; their goods ashore &amp; leave them.
+      Let it also be considred what weake hopes of supply &amp; succoure they
+      left behinde them, y<sup>t</sup> might bear up their minds in this sade
+      condition and trialls they were under; and they could not but be very
+      smale. It is true, indeed, y<sup>e</sup> affections &amp; love of their
+      brethren at Leyden was cordiall &amp; entire towards them, but they had
+      litle power to help them, or them selves; and how y<sup>e</sup> case stode
+      betweene them &amp; y<sup>e</sup> marchants at their coming away, hath
+      allready been declared. What could now sustaine them but the spirite of
+      God &amp; his grace? May not &amp; ought not the children of these fathers
+      rightly say: <i>Our faithers were Englishmen which came over this great
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span>ocean,
+      and were ready to perish in this willdernes;<a name="FNanchor_AI_35"
+      id="FNanchor_AI_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_AI_35" class="fnanchor">[AI]</a>
+      but they cried unto y<sup>e</sup> Lord, and he heard their voyce, and
+      looked on their adversitie, &amp;c. Let them therfore praise y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord, because he is good, &amp; his mercies endure for ever.</i><a
+      name="FNanchor_AJ_36" id="FNanchor_AJ_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_AJ_36"
+      class="fnanchor">[AJ]</a> <i>Yea, let them which have been redeemed of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord, shew how he hath delivered them from y<sup>e</sup> hand of y<sup>e</sup>
+      oppressour. When they wandered in y<sup>e</sup> deserte willdernes out of
+      y<sup>e</sup> way, and found no citie to dwell in, both hungrie, &amp;
+      thirstie, their sowle was overwhelmed in them. Let them confess before y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord his loving kindnes, and his wonderfull works before y<sup>e</sup>
+      sons of men.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      <a name="The_10_Chap" id="The_10_Chap"></a>The 10. Chap.
+    </h3>
+    <p class="center">
+      <i>Showing how they sought out a place of habitation, and what befell them
+      theraboute.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [48] Being thus arrived at Cap-Cod y<sup>e</sup> 11. of November, and
+      necessitie calling them to looke out a place for habitation, (as well as
+      the maisters &amp; mariners importunitie,) they having brought a large
+      shalop with them out of England, stowed in quarters in y<sup>e</sup> ship,
+      they now gott her out &amp; sett their carpenters to worke to trime her
+      up; but being much brused &amp; shatered in y<sup>e</sup> shipe w<sup>th</sup>
+      foule weather, they saw she would be longe in mending. Wherupon a few of
+      them tendered them selves to goe by land and discovere those nearest
+      places, whilst y<sup>e</sup> shallop was in <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span>mending; and y<sup>e</sup>
+      rather because as they wente into y<sup>t</sup> harbor ther seemed to be
+      an opening some 2. or 3 leagues of, which y<sup>e</sup> maister judged to
+      be a river. It was conceived ther might be some danger in y<sup>e</sup>
+      attempte, yet seeing them resolute, they were permited to goe, being 16.
+      of them well armed, under y<sup>e</sup> conduct of Captain Standish,
+      having shuch instructions given them as was thought meete. They sett forth
+      y<sup>e</sup> 15. of Nove<sup>br</sup>: and when they had marched aboute
+      the space of a mile by y<sup>e</sup> sea side, they espied 5. or 6.
+      persons with a dogg coming towards them, who were salvages; but they fled
+      from them, &amp; ran&#773;e up into y<sup>e</sup> woods, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      English followed them, partly to see if they could speake with them, and
+      partly to discover if ther might not be more of them lying in ambush. But
+      y<sup>e</sup> Indeans seeing them selves thus followed, they againe
+      forsooke the woods, &amp; rane away on y<sup>e</sup> sands as hard as they
+      could, so as they could not come near them, but followed them by y<sup>e</sup>
+      tracte of their feet sundrie miles, and saw that they had come the same
+      way. So, night coming on, they made their randevous &amp; set out their
+      sentinels, and rested in quiete <i>y<sup>t</sup> night</i>, and the next
+      morning followed their tracte till they had headed a great creake, &amp;
+      so left the sands, &amp; turned an other way into y<sup>e</sup> woods. But
+      they still followed them by geuss, hopeing to find their dwellings; but
+      they soone lost both them &amp; them selves, falling into shuch thickets
+      as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span>were
+      ready to tear their cloaths &amp; armore in peeces, but were most
+      distresed for wante of drinke. But at length they found water &amp;
+      refreshed them selves, being y<sup>e</sup> first New-England water they
+      drunke of, and was now in thir great thirste as pleasante unto them as
+      wine or bear had been in for-times. Afterwards they directed their course
+      to come to y<sup>e</sup> other [49] shore, for they knew it was a necke of
+      land they were to crosse over, and so at length gott to y<sup>e</sup>
+      sea-side, and marched to this supposed river, &amp; by y<sup>e</sup> way
+      found a pond of clear fresh water, and shortly after a good quantitie of
+      clear ground wher y<sup>e</sup> Indeans had formerly set corne, and some
+      of their graves. And proceeding furder they saw new-stuble wher corne had
+      been set y<sup>e</sup> same year, also they found wher latly a house had
+      been, wher some planks and a great ketle was remaining, and heaps of sand
+      newly padled with their hands, which they, digging up, found in them
+      diverce faire Indean baskets filled with corne, and some in eares, faire
+      and good, of diverce collours, which seemed to them a very goodly sight,
+      (haveing never seen any shuch before). This was near y<sup>e</sup> place
+      of that supposed river they came to seeck; unto which they wente and found
+      it to open it selfe into 2. armes with a high cliffe of sand in y<sup>e</sup>
+      enterance, but more like to be crikes of salte water then any fresh, for
+      ought they saw; and that ther was good harborige for their shalope;
+      leaving it further to be discovered <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span>by their shalop when she was
+      ready. So their time limeted them being expired, they returned to y<sup>e</sup>
+      ship, least they should be in fear of their saftie; and tooke with them
+      parte of y<sup>e</sup> corne, and buried up y<sup>e</sup> rest, and so
+      like y<sup>e</sup> men from Eshcoll carried with them of y<sup>e</sup>
+      fruits of y<sup>e</sup> land, &amp; showed their breethren; of which,
+      &amp; their returne, they were marvelusly glad, and their harts
+      incouraged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After this, y<sup>e</sup> shalop being got ready, they set out againe for
+      y<sup>e</sup> better discovery of this place, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>.
+      of y<sup>e</sup> ship desired to goe him selfe, so ther went some 30. men,
+      but found it to be no harbor for ships but only for boats; ther was allso
+      found 2. of their houses covered with matts, &amp; sundrie of their
+      implements in them, but y<sup>e</sup> people were rune away &amp; could
+      not be seen; also ther was found more of their corne, &amp; of their beans
+      of various collours. The corne &amp; beans they brought away, purposing to
+      give them full satisfaction when they should meete with any of them (as
+      about some 6. months afterward they did, to their good contente). And here
+      is to be noted a spetiall providence of God, and a great mercie to this
+      poore people, that hear they gott seed to plant them corne y<sup>e</sup>
+      next year, or els they might have starved, for they had none, nor any
+      liklyhood to get any [50] till y<sup>e</sup> season had beene past (as y<sup>e</sup>
+      sequell did manyfest). Neither is it lickly they had had this, if y<sup>e</sup>
+      first viage had <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span>not
+      been made, for the ground was now all covered with snow, &amp; hard
+      frozen. But the Lord is never wanting unto his in their greatest needs;
+      let his holy name have all y<sup>e</sup> praise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The month of November being spente in these affairs, &amp; much foule
+      weather falling in, the 6. <i>of Desem<sup>r</sup></i>: they sente out
+      their shallop againe with 10. of their principall men, &amp; some sea men,
+      upon further discovery, intending to circulate that deepe bay of Cap-codd.
+      The weather was very could, &amp; it frose so hard as y<sup>e</sup> sprea
+      of y<sup>e</sup> sea lighting on their coats, they were as if they had
+      been glased; yet <i>that night</i> betimes they gott downe into y<sup>e</sup>
+      botome of y<sup>e</sup> bay, and as they drue nere y<sup>e</sup> shore
+      they saw some 10. or 12. Indeans very busie aboute some thing. They landed
+      aboute a league or 2. from them, and had much a doe to put a shore any
+      wher, it lay so full of flats. Being landed, it grew late, and they made
+      them selves a barricade with loggs &amp; bowes as well as they could in y<sup>e</sup>
+      time, &amp; set out their sentenill &amp; betooke them to rest, and saw y<sup>e</sup>
+      smoake of y<sup>e</sup> fire y<sup>e</sup> savages made y<sup>t</sup>
+      night. When <i>morning</i> was come they devided their company, some to
+      coaste along y<sup>e</sup> shore in y<sup>e</sup> boate, and the rest
+      marched throw y<sup>e</sup> woods to see y<sup>e</sup> land, if any fit
+      place might be for their dwelling. They came allso to y<sup>e</sup> place
+      wher they saw the Indans y<sup>e</sup> night before, &amp; found they had
+      been cuting up a great fish like a grampus, being some 2. inches thike of
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span>fate
+      like a hogg, some peeces wher of they had left by y<sup>e</sup> way; and y<sup>e</sup>
+      shallop found 2. more of these fishes dead on y<sup>e</sup> sands, a thing
+      usuall after storms in y<sup>t</sup> place, by reason of y<sup>e</sup>
+      great flats of sand that lye of. So they ranged up and doune all y<sup>t</sup>
+      day, but found no people, nor any place they liked. When y<sup>e</sup>
+      sune grue low, they hasted out of y<sup>e</sup> woods to meete with their
+      shallop, to whom they made signes to come to them into a <i>creeke</i>
+      hardby, the which they did at highwater; of which they were very glad, for
+      they had not seen each other all y<sup>t</sup> day, since y<sup>e</sup>
+      morning. So they made them a barricado (as usually they did every night)
+      with loggs, staks, &amp; thike pine bowes, y<sup>e</sup> height of a man,
+      leaving it open to leeward, partly to shelter them from y<sup>e</sup>
+      could &amp; wind (making their fire in y<sup>e</sup> midle, &amp; lying
+      round aboute it), and partly to defend them from any sudden assaults of y<sup>e</sup>
+      savags, if they should surround them. So being very weary, they betooke
+      them to rest. But aboute <i>midnight</i>, [51] they heard a hideous &amp;
+      great crie, and their sentinell caled, "Arme, arme"; so they bestired them
+      &amp; stood to their armes, &amp; shote of a cupple of moskets, and then
+      the noys seased. They concluded it was a companie of wolves, or such like
+      willd beasts; for one of y<sup>e</sup> sea men tould them he had often
+      heard shuch a noyse in New-found land. So they rested till about 5. of y<sup>e</sup>
+      clock in the <i>morning</i>; for y<sup>e</sup> tide, &amp; ther purposs to
+      goe from thence, made them be stiring betimes. So <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span>after praier they prepared
+      for breakfast, and it being day dawning, it was thought best to be carring
+      things downe to y<sup>e</sup> boate. But some said it was not best to
+      carrie y<sup>e</sup> armes downe, others said they would be the readier,
+      for they had laped them up in their coats from y<sup>e</sup> dew. But some
+      3. or 4. would not cary theirs till they wente them selves, yet as it fell
+      out, y<sup>e</sup> water being not high enough, they layed them downe on y<sup>e</sup>
+      banke side, &amp; came up to breakfast. But presently, all on y<sup>e</sup>
+      sudain, they heard a great &amp; strange crie, which they knew to be the
+      same voyces they heard in y<sup>e</sup> night, though they varied their
+      notes, &amp; one of their company being abroad came runing in, &amp;
+      cried, "Men, Indeans, Indeans"; and w<sup>th</sup>all, their arowes came
+      flying amongst them. Their men rane with all speed to recover their armes,
+      as by y<sup>e</sup> good providence of God they did. In y<sup>e</sup> mean
+      time, of those that were ther ready, tow muskets were discharged at them,
+      &amp; 2. more stood ready in y<sup>e</sup> enterance of ther randevoue,
+      but were comanded not to shoote till they could take full aime at them;
+      &amp; y<sup>e</sup> other 2. charged againe with all speed, for ther were
+      only 4. had armes ther, &amp; defended y<sup>e</sup> baricado which was
+      first assalted. The crie of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans was dreadfull,
+      espetially when they saw ther men rune out of y<sup>e</sup> randevoue
+      towourds y<sup>e</sup> shallop, to recover their armes, the Indeans
+      wheeling aboute upon them. But some run&#773;ing out with coats of malle
+      on, &amp; cutlasses <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span>in
+      their hands, they soone got their armes, &amp; let flye amongs them, and
+      quickly stopped their violence. Yet ther was a lustie man, and no less
+      valiante, stood behind a tree within halfe a musket shot, and let his
+      arrows flie at them. He was seen shoot 3. arrowes, which were all avoyded.
+      He stood 3. shot of a musket, till one taking full aime at him, and made y<sup>e</sup>
+      barke or splinters of y<sup>e</sup> tree fly about his ears, after which
+      he gave an extraordinary shrike, and away they wente all of them. They
+      left some to keep y<sup>e</sup> shalop, and followed them aboute a quarter
+      of a mille, and shouted once or twise, and shot of 2. or 3. peces, &amp;
+      so returned. This they did, that they might conceive that they were not
+      [52] affrade of them or any way discouraged. Thus it pleased God to
+      vanquish their enimies, and give them deliverance; and by his spetiall
+      providence so to dispose that not any one of them were either hurte, or
+      hitt, though their arrows came close by them, &amp; on every side them,
+      and sundry of their coats, which hunge up in y<sup>e</sup> barricado, were
+      shot throw &amp; throw. Aterwards they gave God sollamne thanks &amp;
+      praise for their deliverance, &amp; gathered up a bundle of their arrows,
+      &amp; sente them into England afterward by y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. of
+      y<sup>e</sup> ship, and called that place y<sup>e</sup> first encounter.
+      From hence they departed, &amp; costed all along, but discerned no place
+      likly for harbor; &amp; therfore hasted to a place that their pillote,
+      (one Mr. Coppin who had <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105"
+      id="Page_105">[105]</a></span>bine in y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie before) did
+      assure them was a good harbor, which he had been in, and they might fetch
+      it before night; of which they were glad, for it begane to be foule
+      weather. After some houres sailing, it begane to snow &amp; raine, &amp;
+      about y<sup>e</sup> midle of y<sup>e</sup> afternoone, y<sup>e</sup> wind
+      increased, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> sea became very rough, and they broake
+      their rudder, &amp; it was as much as 2. men could doe to steere her with
+      a cupple of oares. But their pillott bad them be of good cheere, for he
+      saw y<sup>e</sup> harbor; but y<sup>e</sup> storme increasing, &amp; night
+      drawing on, they bore what saile they could to gett in, while they could
+      see. But herwith they broake their mast in 3. peeces, &amp; their saill
+      fell over bord, in a very grown sea, so as they had like to have been cast
+      away; yet by Gods mercie they recovered them selves, &amp; having y<sup>e</sup>
+      floud with them, struck into y<sup>e</sup> harbore. But when it came too,
+      y<sup>e</sup> pillott was deceived in y<sup>e</sup> place, and said, y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord be mercifull unto them, for his eys never saw y<sup>t</sup> place
+      before; &amp; he &amp; the m<sup>r</sup>. mate would have rune her ashore,
+      in a cove full of breakers, before y<sup>e</sup> winde. But a lusty seaman
+      which steered, bad those which rowed, if they were men, about with her, or
+      ells they were all cast away; the which they did with speed. So he bid
+      them be of good cheere &amp; row lustly, for ther was a faire sound before
+      them, &amp; he doubted not but they should find one place or other wher
+      they might ride in saftie. And though it was <i>very darke</i>, <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span>and
+      rained sore, yet in y<sup>e</sup> end they gott under y<sup>e</sup> lee of
+      a smalle iland, and remained ther all y<sup>t</sup> night in saftie. But
+      they knew not this to be an iland till morning, but were devided in their
+      minds; some would keepe y<sup>e</sup> boate for fear they might be amongst
+      y<sup>e</sup> Indians; others were so weake and could, they could not
+      endure, but got a shore, &amp; with much adoe got fire, (all things being
+      so wett,) and y<sup>e</sup> rest were glad to come to them; for after
+      midnight y<sup>e</sup> wind shifted to the [53] north-west, &amp; it frose
+      hard. But though this had been a day &amp; night of much trouble &amp;
+      danger unto them, yet God gave them a <i>morning</i> of comforte &amp;
+      refreshing (as usually he doth to his children), for y<sup>e</sup> next
+      day was a faire sunshin&#299;g day, and they found them sellvs to be on an
+      iland secure from y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, wher they might drie their stufe,
+      fixe their peeces, &amp; rest them selves, and gave God thanks for his
+      mercies, in their manifould deliverances. And this being the <i>last day
+      of y<sup>e</sup> weeke</i>, they prepared ther to keepe y<sup>e</sup> <i>Sabath</i>.
+      On <i>Munday</i> they sounded y<sup>e</sup> harbor, and founde it fitt for
+      shipping; and marched into y<sup>e</sup> land, &amp; found diverse
+      cornfeilds, &amp; litle runing brooks, a place (as they supposed) fitt for
+      situation; at least it was y<sup>e</sup> best they could find, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      season, &amp; their presente necessitie, made them glad to accepte of it.
+      So they returned to their shipp againe with this news to y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest of their people, which did much comforte their harts. <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On y<sup>e</sup> 15. <i>of Desem<sup>r</sup></i>: they wayed anchor to goe
+      to y<sup>e</sup> place they had discovered, &amp; came within 2. leagues
+      of it, but were faine to bear up againe; but y<sup>e</sup> 16. <i>day</i>
+      y<sup>e</sup> winde came faire, and they arrived safe in this harbor. And
+      after wards tooke better view of y<sup>e</sup> place, and resolved wher to
+      pitch their dwelling; and y<sup>e</sup> 25. <i>day</i> begane to erecte y<sup>e</sup>
+      first house for com&#773;one use to receive them and their goods.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h2>
+      <a name="The_2_Booke" id="The_2_Booke"></a>The 2. Booke.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+      <a href="images/fig10_l.jpg"> <img src="images/fig10.jpg" alt="" title="" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The rest of this History (if God give me life, &amp; opportunitie) I
+      shall, for brevitis sake, handle by way of <i>annalls</i>, noteing only
+      the heads of principall things, and passages as they fell in order of
+      time, and may seeme to be profitable to know, or to make use of. And this
+      may be as y<sup>e</sup> 2. Booke.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <i><a name="a1620" id="a1620"></a>The remainder of An<sup>o</sup>:</i>
+      1620.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I shall a litle returne backe and begine with a combination made by them
+      before they came ashore, being y<sup>e</sup> first foundation of their
+      govermente in this place; occasioned partly by y<sup>e</sup> discontented
+      &amp; mutinous speeches that some of the strangers amongst them had let
+      fall from them in y<sup>e</sup> ship&mdash;That when they came a shore
+      they would use their owne libertie; for none had power to com&#773;and
+      them, the patente they had being for Virginia, and not for New-england,
+      which belonged to an other Goverment, with which y<sup>e</sup> Virginia
+      Company had nothing to doe. And partly that shuch an [54] acte by them
+      done (this their condition considered) might be as firme as any patent,
+      and in some respects more sure.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The forme was as followeth. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110"
+      id="Page_110">[110]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        In y<sup>e</sup> name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwriten, the
+        loyall subjects of our dread soveraigne Lord, King James, by y<sup>e</sup>
+        grace of God, of Great Britaine, Franc, &amp; Ireland king, defender of
+        y<sup>e</sup> faith, &amp;c., haveing undertaken, for y<sup>e</sup>
+        glorie of God, and advancemente of y<sup>e</sup> Christian faith, and
+        honour of our king &amp; countrie, a voyage to plant y<sup>e</sup> first
+        colonie in y<sup>e</sup> Northerne parts of Virginia, doe by these
+        presents solemnly &amp; mutualy in y<sup>e</sup> presence of God, and
+        one of another, covenant &amp; combine our selves togeather into a
+        civill body politick, for our better ordering &amp; preservation &amp;
+        furtherance of y<sup>e</sup> ends aforesaid; and by vertue hearof to
+        enacte, constitute, and frame such just &amp; equall lawes, ordinances,
+        acts, constitutions, &amp; offices, from time to time, as shall be
+        thought most meete &amp; convenient for y<sup>e</sup> generall good of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Colonie, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In
+        witnes wherof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cap-Codd y<sup>e</sup>
+        11. of November, in y<sup>e</sup> year of y<sup>e</sup> raigne of our
+        soveraigne lord, King James, of England, France, &amp; Ireland y<sup>e</sup>
+        eighteenth, and of Scotland y<sup>e</sup> fiftie fourth. An<sup>o</sup>:
+        Dom. 1620.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      After this they chose, or rather confirmed, M<sup>r</sup>. John Carver (a
+      man godly &amp; well approved amongst them) their Governour for that year.
+      And after they had provided a place for their goods, or comone store,
+      (which were long in unlading for want of boats, foulnes of winter weather,
+      and sicknes of diverce,) and begune some small cottages for their
+      habitation, as time would admitte, they mette and consulted of lawes &amp;
+      orders, both for their civill &amp; military Govermente, as y<sup>e</sup>
+      necessitie of their condition did require, still adding therunto as urgent
+      occasion in severall times, and as cases did require. <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In these hard &amp; difficulte beginings they found some discontents &amp;
+      murmurings arise amongst some, and mutinous speeches &amp; carriags in
+      other; but they were soone quelled &amp; overcome by y<sup>e</sup>
+      wisdome, patience, and just &amp; equall carrage of things by y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> and better part, w<sup>ch</sup> clave faithfully togeather
+      in y<sup>e</sup> maine. But that which was most sadd &amp; lamentable was,
+      that in 2. or 3. moneths time halfe of their company dyed, espetialy in
+      Jan: &amp; February, being y<sup>e</sup> depth of winter, and wanting
+      houses &amp; other comforts; being infected with y<sup>e</sup> scurvie
+      &amp; [55] other diseases, which this long vioage &amp; their inacomodate
+      condition had brought upon them; so as ther dyed some times 2. or 3. of a
+      day, in y<sup>e</sup> foresaid time; that of 100. &amp; odd persons,
+      scarce 50. remained. And of these in y<sup>e</sup> time of most distres,
+      ther was but 6. or 7. sound persons, who, to their great comendations be
+      it spoken, spared no pains, night nor day, but with abundance of toyle and
+      hazard of their owne health, fetched them woode, made them fires, drest
+      them meat, made their beads, washed their lothsome cloaths, cloathed &amp;
+      uncloathed them; in a word, did all y<sup>e</sup> homly &amp; necessarie
+      offices for them w<sup>ch</sup> dainty &amp; quesie stomacks cannot endure
+      to hear named; and all this willingly &amp; cherfully, without any
+      grudging in y<sup>e</sup> least, shewing herein their true love unto their
+      freinds &amp; bretheren. A rare example &amp; worthy to <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span>be
+      remembred. Tow of these 7. were M<sup>r</sup>. William Brewster, ther
+      reverend Elder, &amp; Myles Standish, ther Captein &amp; military
+      comander, unto whom my selfe, &amp; many others, were much beholden in our
+      low &amp; sicke condition. And yet the Lord so upheld these persons, as in
+      this generall calamity they were not at all infected either with sicknes,
+      or lamnes. And what I have said of these, I may say of many others who
+      dyed in this generall vissitation, &amp; others yet living, that whilst
+      they had health, yea, or any strength continuing, they were not wanting to
+      any that had need of them. And I doute not but their recompence is with y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But I may not hear pass by an other remarkable passage not to be
+      forgotten. As this calamitie fell among y<sup>e</sup> passengers that were
+      to be left here to plant, and were hasted a shore and made to drinke
+      water, that y<sup>e</sup> sea-men might have y<sup>e</sup> more bear, and
+      one<a name="FNanchor_AK_37" id="FNanchor_AK_37"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_AK_37" class="fnanchor">[AK]</a> in his sicknes desiring
+      but a small cann of beere, it was answered, that if he were their owne
+      father he should have none; the disease begane to fall amongst them also,
+      so as allmost halfe of their company dyed before they went away, and many
+      of their officers and lustyest men, as y<sup>e</sup> boatson, gunner, 3.
+      quarter-maisters, the cooke, &amp; others. At w<sup>ch</sup> y<sup>e</sup>
+      m<sup>r</sup>. was something strucken and sent to y<sup>e</sup> sick a
+      shore and tould y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> he should send for beer for
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span>them
+      that had need of it, though he drunke water homward bound. But now amongst
+      his company [56] ther was farr another kind of carriage in this miserie
+      then amongst y<sup>e</sup> passengers; for they that before had been boone
+      companions in drinking &amp; joyllity in y<sup>e</sup> time of their
+      health &amp; wellfare, begane now to deserte one another in this
+      calamitie, saing they would not hasard ther lives for them, they should be
+      infected by coming to help them in their cabins, and so, after they came
+      to dye by it, would doe litle or nothing for them, but if they dyed let
+      them dye. But shuch of y<sup>e</sup> passengers as were yet abord shewed
+      them what mercy they could, w<sup>ch</sup> made some of their harts
+      relente, as y<sup>e</sup> boatson (&amp; some others), who was a prowd
+      yonge man, and would often curse &amp; scofe at y<sup>e</sup> passengers;
+      but when he grew weak, they had compassion on him and helped him; then he
+      confessed he did not deserve it at their hands, he had abused them in word
+      &amp; deed. O! saith he, you, I now see, shew your love like Christians
+      indeed one to another, but we let one another lye &amp; dye like doggs.
+      Another lay cursing his wife, saing if it had not ben for her he had never
+      come this unlucky viage, and anone cursing his felows, saing he had done
+      this &amp; that, for some of them, he had spente so much, &amp; so much,
+      amongst them, and they were now weary of him, and did not help him, having
+      need. Another gave his companion all he had, if he died, to help <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span>him in
+      his weaknes; he went and got a litle spise &amp; made him a mess of meat
+      once or twise, and because he dyed not so soone as he expected, he went
+      amongst his fellows, &amp; swore y<sup>e</sup> rogue would cousen him, he
+      would see him choaked before he made him any more meate; and yet y<sup>e</sup>
+      pore fellow dyed before morning.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this while y<sup>e</sup> Indians came skulking about them, and would
+      sometimes show them selves aloofe of, but when any aproached near them,
+      they would rune away. And once they stoale away their tools wher they had
+      been at worke, &amp; were gone to diner. But about y<sup>e</sup> 16. <i>of
+      March</i> a certaine Indian came bouldly amongst them, and spoke to them
+      in broken English, which they could well understand, but marvelled at it.
+      At length they understood by discourse with him, that he was not of these
+      parts, but belonged to y<sup>e</sup> eastrene parts, wher some
+      English-ships came to fhish, with whom he was aquainted, &amp; could name
+      sundrie of them by their names, amongst whom he had gott his language. He
+      became proftable to them [57] in aquainting them with many things
+      concerning y<sup>e</sup> state of y<sup>e</sup> cuntry in y<sup>e</sup>
+      east-parts wher he lived, which was afterwards profitable unto them; as
+      also of y<sup>e</sup> people hear, of their names, number, &amp; strength;
+      of their situation &amp; distance from this place, and who was cheefe
+      amongst them. His name was <i>Samaset</i>; he tould them also of another
+      Indian whos name was <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span><i>Squanto</i>,
+      a native of this place, who had been in England &amp; could speake better
+      English then him selfe. Being, after some time of entertainmente &amp;
+      gifts, dismist, a while after he came againe, &amp; 5. more with him,
+      &amp; they brought againe all y<sup>e</sup> tooles that were stolen away
+      before, and made way for y<sup>e</sup> coming of their great Sachem,
+      called <i>Massasoyt</i>; who, about <i>4. or 5. days after</i>, came with
+      the cheefe of his freinds &amp; other attendance, with the aforesaid <i>Squanto</i>.
+      With whom, after frendly entertainment, &amp; some gifts given him, they
+      made a peace with him (which hath now continued this 24. years) in these
+      terms.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      1. That neither he nor any of his, should injurie or doe hurte to any of
+      their peopl.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      2. That if any of his did any hurte to any of theirs, he should send y<sup>e</sup>
+      offender, that they might punish him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      3. That if any thing were taken away from any of theirs, he should cause
+      it to be restored; and they should doe y<sup>e</sup> like to his.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      4. If any did unjustly warr against him, they would aide him; if any did
+      warr against them, he should aide them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      5. He should send to his neighbours confederats, to certifie them of this,
+      that they might not wrong them, but might be likewise comprised in y<sup>e</sup>
+      conditions of peace.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      6. That when ther men came to them, they should leave their bows &amp;
+      arrows behind them. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After these things he returned to his place caled <i>Sowams</i>, some 40.
+      mile from this place, but <i>Squanto</i> continued with them, and was
+      their interpreter, and was a spetiall instrument sent of God for their
+      good beyond their expectation. He directed them how to set their corne,
+      wher to take fish, and to procure other comodities, and was also their
+      pilott to bring them to unknowne places for their profitt, and never left
+      them till he dyed. He was a <i>native [58] of this place</i>, &amp; scarce
+      any left alive besids him selfe. He was caried away with diverce others by
+      one <i>Hunt</i>, a m<sup>r</sup>. of a ship, who thought to sell them for
+      slaves in Spaine; but he got away for England, and was entertained by a
+      marchante in London, &amp; imployed to New-foundland &amp; other parts,
+      &amp; lastly brought hither into these parts by one M<sup>r</sup>. <i>Dermer</i>,
+      a gentle-man imployed by Sr. Ferdinando Gorges &amp; others, for
+      discovery, &amp; other designes in these parts. Of whom I shall say some
+      thing, because it is mentioned in a booke set forth An<sup>o</sup>: 1622.
+      by the Presidente &amp; Counsell for New-England,<a name="FNanchor_AL_38"
+      id="FNanchor_AL_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_AL_38" class="fnanchor">[AL]</a>
+      that he made y<sup>e</sup> peace betweene y<sup>e</sup> salvages of these
+      parts &amp; y<sup>e</sup> English; of which this plantation, as it is
+      intimated, had y<sup>e</sup> benefite. But what a peace it was, may apeare
+      by what befell him &amp; his men.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This M<sup>r</sup>. Dermer was hear the same year that these <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span>people
+      came, as apears by a relation written by him, &amp; given me by a friend,
+      bearing date June 30. An<sup>o</sup>: 1620. And they came in Novemb<sup>r</sup>:
+      following, so ther was but 4. months differance. In which relation to his
+      honored freind, he hath these passages of this very place.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        I will first begine (saith he) w<sup>th</sup> that place from whence <i>Squanto</i>,
+        or <i>Tisquantem</i>, was taken away; w<sup>ch</sup> in Cap: <i>Smiths
+        mape</i> is called <i>Plimoth</i>: and I would that Plimoth had y<sup>e</sup>
+        like comodities. I would that the first plantation might hear be seated,
+        if ther come to the number of 50. persons, or upward. Otherwise at
+        Charlton, because ther y<sup>e</sup> savages are lese to be feared. The
+        <i>Pocanawkits</i>, which live to y<sup>e</sup> <i>west</i> of <i>Plimoth</i>,
+        bear an inveterate malice to y<sup>e</sup> English, and are of more
+        streingth then all y<sup>e</sup> savags from thence to Penobscote. Their
+        desire of revenge was occasioned by an English man, who having many of
+        them on bord, made a great slaughter with their murderers &amp; smale
+        shot, when as (they say) they offered no injurie on their parts. Whether
+        they were English or no, it may be douted; yet they beleeve they were,
+        for y<sup>e</sup> Frenche have so possest them; for which cause <i>Squanto</i>
+        can&#773;ot deney but they would have kiled me when I was at <i>Namasket</i>,
+        had he not entreated hard for me. The soyle of y<sup>e</sup> borders of
+        [59] this great bay, may be compared to most of y<sup>e</sup>
+        plantations which I have seene in Virginia. The land is of diverce
+        sorts; for <i>Patuxite</i> is a hardy but strong soyle, <i>Nawsel &amp;
+        Saughtughtett</i> are for y<sup>e</sup> most part a blakish &amp; deep
+        mould, much like that wher groweth y<sup>e</sup> best Tobaco in
+        Virginia. In y<sup>e</sup> botume of y<sup>t</sup> great bay is store of
+        Codd &amp; basse, or mulett, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      But above all he comends <i>Pacanawkite</i> for y<sup>e</sup> richest
+      soyle, and much open ground fitt for English graine, &amp;c. <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        <i>Massachussets</i> is about 9. leagues from <i>Plimoth</i>, &amp;
+        situate in y<sup>e</sup> mids betweene both, is full of ilands &amp;
+        peninsules very fertill for y<sup>e</sup> most parte.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      With sundrie shuch relations which I forbear to transcribe, being now
+      better knowne then they were to him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was taken prisoner by y<sup>e</sup> Indeans at <i>Manamoiak</i> (a
+      place not farr from hence, now well knowne). He gave them what they
+      demanded for his liberty, but when they had gott what they desired, they
+      kept him still &amp; indevored to kill his men; but he was freed by
+      seasing on some of them, and kept them bound till they gave him a cannows
+      load of corne. Of which, see Purch: lib. 9. fol. 1778. But this was An<sup>o</sup>:
+      1619.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After y<sup>e</sup> writing of y<sup>e</sup> former relation he came to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Ile of <i>Capawack</i> (which lyes south of this place in y<sup>e</sup>
+      way to Virginia), and y<sup>e</sup> foresaid <i>Squanto</i> w<sup>th</sup>
+      him, wher he going a shore amongst y<sup>e</sup> Indans to trad, as he
+      used to doe, was betrayed &amp; assaulted by them, &amp; <i>all his men
+      slaine, but one that kept the boat</i>; but him selfe gott abord very sore
+      wounded, &amp; they had cut of his head upon y<sup>e</sup> cudy of his
+      boat, had not y<sup>e</sup> man reskued him with a sword. And so they got
+      away, &amp; made shift to gett into Virginia, wher he dyed; whether of his
+      wounds or y<sup>e</sup> diseases of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie, or both
+      togeather, is uncertaine. [60] By all which it may appeare how farr these
+      people were <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span>from
+      peace, and with what danger this plantation was begune, save as y<sup>e</sup>
+      powerfull hand of the Lord did protect them. These things<a
+      name="FNanchor_AM_39" id="FNanchor_AM_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_AM_39"
+      class="fnanchor">[AM]</a> were partly the reason why they kept aloofe
+      &amp; were so long before they came to the English. An other reason (as
+      after them selvs made know&#773;) was how aboute 3. <i>years before</i>, a
+      French-ship was cast away at <i>Cap-Codd</i>, but y<sup>e</sup> men gott
+      ashore, &amp; saved their lives, and much of their victails, &amp; other
+      goods; but after y<sup>e</sup> Indeans heard of it, they geathered
+      togeather from these parts, and never left watching &amp; dogging them
+      till they got advantage, and <i>kild them all but 3. or 4.</i> which they
+      kept, &amp; sent from one Sachem to another, to make sporte with, and used
+      them worse then slaves; (of which y<sup>e</sup> foresaid M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Dermer redeemed 2. of them;) and they conceived this ship was now come to
+      revenge it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Also, (as after was made knowne,) before they came to y<sup>e</sup>
+      English to make freindship, they gott all the <i>Powachs</i> of y<sup>e</sup>
+      cuntrie, for 3. days togeather, in a horid and divellish maner to curse
+      &amp; execrate them with their cunjurations, which asembly &amp; service
+      they held in a darke &amp; dismale swampe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But to returne. The spring now approaching, it pleased God the mortalitie
+      begane to cease amongst them, and y<sup>e</sup> sick and lame recovered
+      apace, which put as it were new life into them; though they had <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span>borne
+      their sadd affliction with much patience &amp; contentednes, as I thinke
+      any people could doe. But it was y<sup>e</sup> Lord which upheld them, and
+      had beforehand prepared them; many having long borne y<sup>e</sup> yoake,
+      yea from their youth. Many other smaler maters I omite, sundrie of them
+      having been allready published in a Jurnall made by one of the company;
+      and some other passages of jurneys and relations allredy published, to
+      which I referr those that are willing to know them more perticulerly. And
+      being now come to y<sup>e</sup> 25. of March I shall begine y<sup>e</sup>
+      year 1621.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1621" id="a1621"></a>[61] <i>Anno. 1621.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They now begane to dispatch y<sup>e</sup> ship away which brought them
+      over, which lay tille aboute this time, or y<sup>e</sup> begining of
+      Aprill. The reason on their parts why she stayed so long, was y<sup>e</sup>
+      necessitie and danger that lay upon them, for it was well towards y<sup>e</sup>
+      ende of Desember before she could land any thing hear, or they able to
+      receive any thing ashore. Afterwards, y<sup>e</sup> 14. of Jan: the house
+      which they had made for a generall randevoze by casulty fell afire, and
+      some were faine to retire abord for shilter. Then the sicknes begane to
+      fall sore amongst them, and y<sup>e</sup> weather so bad as they could not
+      make much sooner any dispatch. Againe, the Gov<sup>r</sup> &amp; cheefe of
+      them, seeing so many dye, and fall downe sick dayly, thought it no wisdom
+      to send away the ship, their condition considered, and <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      danger they stood in from y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, till they could procure
+      some shelter; and therfore thought it better to draw some more charge upon
+      them selves &amp; freinds, then hazard all. The m<sup>r</sup>. and sea-men
+      likewise, though before they hasted y<sup>e</sup> passengers a shore to be
+      goone, now many of their men being dead, &amp; of y<sup>e</sup> ablest of
+      them, (as is before noted,) and of y<sup>e</sup> rest many lay sick &amp;
+      weake, y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. durst not put to sea, till he saw his
+      men begine to recover, and y<sup>e</sup> hart of winter over.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Afterwards they (as many as were able) began to plant ther corne, in which
+      servise Squanto stood them in great stead, showing them both y<sup>e</sup>
+      maner how to set it, and after how to dress &amp; tend it. Also he tould
+      them excepte they gott fish &amp; set with it (in these old grounds) it
+      would come to nothing, and he showed them y<sup>t</sup> in y<sup>e</sup>
+      midle of Aprill they should have store enough come up y<sup>e</sup>
+      brooke, by which they begane to build, and taught them how to take it, and
+      wher to get other provissions necessary for them; all which they found
+      true by triall &amp; experience. Some English seed they sew, as wheat
+      &amp; pease, but it came not to good, eather by y<sup>e</sup> badnes of y<sup>e</sup>
+      seed, or latenes of y<sup>e</sup> season, or both, or some other defecte.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [62] In this month of <i>Aprill</i> whilst they were bussie about their
+      seed, their Gov<sup>r</sup> (M<sup>r</sup>. John Carver) came out of y<sup>e</sup>
+      feild very sick, it being a hott day; he complained greatly of his head,
+      and lay downe, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span>within
+      a few howers his sences failed, so as he never spake more till he dyed,
+      which was within a few days after. Whoss death was much lamented, and
+      caused great heavines amongst them, as ther was cause. He was buried in y<sup>e</sup>
+      best maner they could, with some vollies of shott by all that bore armes;
+      and his wife, being a weak woman, dyed within 5. or 6. weeks after him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Shortly after William Bradford was chosen Gove<sup>r</sup> in his stead,
+      and being not yet recoverd of his ilnes, in which he had been near y<sup>e</sup>
+      point of death, Isaak Allerton was chosen to be an Asistante unto him,
+      who, by renewed election every year, continued sundry years togeather,
+      which I hear note once for all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>May 12.</i> was y<sup>e</sup> first mariage in this place, which,
+      according to y<sup>e</sup> laudable custome of the Low-Cuntries, in which
+      they had lived, was thought most requisite to be performed by the
+      magistrate, as being a civill thing, upon which many questions aboute
+      inheritances doe depende, with other things most proper to their
+      cognizans, and most consonante to y<sup>e</sup> scripturs, Ruth 4. and no
+      wher found in y<sup>e</sup> gospell to be layed on y<sup>e</sup> ministers
+      as a part of their office. "This decree or law about mariage was published
+      by y<sup>e</sup> Stats of y<sup>e</sup> Low-Cuntries An<sup>o</sup>: 1590.
+      That those of any religion, after lawfull and open publication, coming
+      before y<sup>e</sup> magistrats, in y<sup>e</sup> Town or Stat-house, were
+      to be orderly (by them) maried one to another." Petets <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span>Hist,
+      fol: 1029. And this practiss hath continued amongst, not only them, but
+      hath been followed by all y<sup>e</sup> famous churches of Christ in these
+      parts to this time,&mdash;An<sup>o</sup>: 1646.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Haveing in some sorte ordered their bussines at home, it was thought meete
+      to send some abroad to see their new friend Massasoyet, and to bestow upon
+      him some gratuitie to bind him y<sup>e</sup> faster unto them; as also
+      that hearby they might veiw y<sup>e</sup> countrie, and see in what maner
+      he lived, what strength he had aboute him, and how y<sup>e</sup> ways were
+      to his place, if at any time they should have occasion. So y<sup>e</sup>
+      2. <i>of July</i> they sente M<sup>r</sup>. Edward Winslow &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Hopkins, with y<sup>e</sup> foresaid Squanto for ther guid, who gave him a
+      suite of cloaths, and a horsemans coate, with some other small things,
+      which were kindly accepted; but they found but short com&#773;ons, and
+      came both weary &amp; hungrie home. For y<sup>e</sup> Indeans used then to
+      have nothing [63] so much corne as they have since y<sup>e</sup> English
+      have stored them with their hows, and seene their industrie in breaking up
+      new grounds therwith. <i>They found his place to be 40. miles from hence</i>,
+      y<sup>e</sup> soyle good, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> people not many, being dead
+      &amp; abundantly wasted in y<sup>e</sup> late great mortalitie which fell
+      in all these parts aboute <i>three years</i> before y<sup>e</sup> coming
+      of y<sup>e</sup> English, wherin thousands of them dyed, they not being
+      able to burie one another; ther sculs and bones were found in many places
+      lying still above <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span>ground,
+      where their houses &amp; dwellings had been; a very sad spectackle to
+      behould. But they brought word that y<sup>e</sup> Narighansets lived but
+      on y<sup>e</sup> other side of that great bay, &amp; were a strong people,
+      &amp; many in number, living compacte togeather, &amp; had not been at all
+      touched with this wasting plague.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Aboute y<sup>e</sup> <i>later end of this month</i>, one John Billington
+      lost him selfe in y<sup>e</sup> woods, &amp; wandered up &amp; downe some
+      5. days, living on beries &amp; what he could find. At length he light on
+      an Indean plantation, 20. mils south of this place, called <i>Manamet</i>,
+      they conveid him furder of, to <i>Nawsett</i>, among those peopl that had
+      before set upon y<sup>e</sup> English when they were costing, whilest y<sup>e</sup>
+      ship lay at y<sup>e</sup> Cape, as is before noted. But y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup>
+      caused him to be enquired for among y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, and at length
+      Massassoyt sent word wher he was, and y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> sent
+      a shalop for him, &amp; had him delivered. Those people also came and made
+      their peace; and they gave full satisfaction to those whose come they had
+      found &amp; taken when they were at Cap-Codd.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus ther peace &amp; aquaintance was prety well establisht w<sup>th</sup>
+      the natives aboute them; and ther was an other Indean called <i>Hobamack</i>
+      come to live amongst them, a proper lustie man, and a man of accounte for
+      his vallour &amp; parts amongst y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, and continued very
+      faithfull and constant to y<sup>e</sup> English till he dyed. He &amp;
+      Squanto being gone upon bussines <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125"
+      id="Page_125">[125]</a></span>amonge y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, at their
+      returne (whether it was out of envie to them or malice to the English)
+      ther was a Sachem called Corbitant, alyed to Massassoyte, but never any
+      good friend to y<sup>e</sup> English to this day, mett with them at an
+      Indean towne caled Namassakett 14. miles to y<sup>e</sup> west of this
+      place, and begane to quarell w<sup>th</sup> [64] them, and offered to
+      stabe Hobamack; but being a lusty man, he cleared him selfe of him, and
+      came run&#773;ing away all sweating and tould y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      what had befalne him, and he feared they had killed Squanto, for they
+      threatened them both, and for no other cause but because they were freinds
+      to y<sup>e</sup> English, and servisable unto them. Upon this y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gove<sup>r</sup> taking counsell, it was conceivd not fitt to be borne;
+      for if they should suffer their freinds &amp; messengers thus to be
+      wronged, they should have none would cleave unto them, or give them any
+      inteligence, or doe them serviss afterwards; but nexte they would fall
+      upon them selves. Whereupon it was resolved to send y<sup>e</sup> Captaine
+      &amp; 14. men well armed, and to goe &amp; fall upon them in y<sup>e</sup>
+      night; and if they found that Squanto was kild, to cut of Corbitants head,
+      but not to hurt any but those that had a hand in it. Hobamack was asked if
+      he would goe &amp; be their guid, &amp; bring them ther before day. He
+      said he would, &amp; bring them to y<sup>e</sup> house wher the man lay,
+      and show them which was he. So they set forth y<sup>e</sup> 14. <i>of
+      August</i>, and beset y<sup>e</sup> house round; the Captin giving <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span>charg to
+      let none pass out, entred y<sup>e</sup> house to search for him. But he
+      was goone away that day, so they mist him; but understood y<sup>t</sup>
+      Squanto was alive, &amp; that he had only threatened to kill him, &amp;
+      made an offer to stabe him but did not. So they withheld and did no more
+      hurte, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> people came trembling, &amp; brought them the
+      best provissions they had, after they were aquainted by Hobamack what was
+      only intended. Ther was 3. sore wounded which broak out of y<sup>e</sup>
+      house, and asaid to pass through y<sup>e</sup> garde. These they brought
+      home with them, &amp; they had their wounds drest &amp; cured, and sente
+      home. After this they had many gratulations from diverce sachims, and much
+      firmer peace; yea, those of y<sup>e</sup> Iles of Capawack sent to make
+      frendship; and this Corbitant him selfe used y<sup>e</sup> mediation of
+      Massassoyte to make his peace, but was shie to come neare them a longe
+      while after.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After this, y<sup>e</sup> 18. of Septemb<sup>r</sup>: they sente out ther
+      shalop to the Massachusets, with 10. men, and Squanto for their guid and
+      [65] interpreter, to discover and veiw that bay, and trade with y<sup>e</sup>
+      natives; the which they performed, and found kind entertainement. The
+      people were much affraid of y<sup>e</sup> Tarentins, a people to y<sup>e</sup>
+      eastward which used to come in harvest time and take away their corne,
+      &amp; many times kill their persons. They returned in saftie, and brought
+      home a good quanty of beaver, and made reporte of y<sup>e</sup> place,
+      wishing <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span>they
+      had been ther seated; (but it seems y<sup>e</sup> Lord, who assignes to
+      all men y<sup>e</sup> bounds of their habitations, had apoynted it for an
+      other use). And thus they found the Lord to be with them in all their
+      ways, and to blesse their outgoings &amp; incom&#773;ings, for which let
+      his holy name have y<sup>e</sup> praise for ever, to all posteritie.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They begane now to gather in y<sup>e</sup> small harvest they had, and to
+      fitte up their houses and dwellings against winter, being all well
+      recovered in health &amp; strenght, and had all things in good plenty; for
+      as some were thus imployed in affairs abroad, others were excersised in
+      fishing, aboute codd, &amp; bass, &amp; other fish, of which y<sup>ey</sup>
+      tooke good store, of which every family had their portion. All y<sup>e</sup>
+      som&#773;er ther was no wante. And now begane to come in store of foule,
+      as winter aproached, of which this place did abound when they came first
+      (but afterward decreased by degrees). And besids water foule, ther was
+      great store of wild Turkies, of which they tooke many, besids venison,
+      &amp;c. Besids they had aboute a peck a meale a weeke to a person, or now
+      since harvest, Indean corne to y<sup>t</sup> proportion. Which made many
+      afterwards write so largly of their plenty hear to their freinds in
+      England, which were not fained, but true reports.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In Novemb<sup>r</sup>, about y<sup>e</sup> time twelfe month that them
+      selves came, ther came in a small ship to them unexpected or loked for,<a
+      name="FNanchor_AN_40" id="FNanchor_AN_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_AN_40"
+      class="fnanchor">[AN]</a> in which came Mr. Cushman (so <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span>much
+      spoken of before) and with him 35. persons to remaine &amp; live in y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation; which did not a litle rejoyce them. And they when they came a
+      shore and found all well, and saw plenty of vitails in every house, were
+      no less glade. For most of them were lusty yonge men, and many of them
+      wild enough, who litle considered whither or aboute what they wente, till
+      they came into y<sup>e</sup> harbore at Cap-Codd, and ther saw nothing but
+      a naked and barren place. They then begane to thinke what should become of
+      them, if the people here were dead or cut of by y<sup>e</sup> Indeans.
+      They begane to consulte (upon some speeches that some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      sea-men had cast out) to take y<sup>e</sup> sayls from y<sup>e</sup> yeard
+      least y<sup>e</sup> ship [66] should gett away and leave them ther. But y<sup>e</sup>
+      m<sup>r</sup>. hereing of it, gave them good words, and tould them if any
+      thing but well should have befallne y<sup>e</sup> people hear, he hoped he
+      had vitails enough to cary them to Virginia, and whilst he had a bitt they
+      should have their parte; which gave them good satisfaction. So they were
+      all landed; but ther was not so much as bisket-cake or any other victialls<a
+      name="FNanchor_AO_41" id="FNanchor_AO_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_AO_41"
+      class="fnanchor">[AO]</a> for them, neither had they any beding, but some
+      sory things they had in their cabins, nor pot, nor pan, to drese any meate
+      in; nor overmany cloaths, for many of them had brusht away their coats
+      &amp; cloaks at Plimoth as they came. But ther was sent over some
+      burching-lane suits in y<sup>e</sup> ship, out of which they were <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span>supplied.
+      The plantation was glad of this addition of strenght, but could have wished
+      that many of them had been of beter condition, and all of them beter
+      furnished with provissions; but y<sup>t</sup> could not now be helpte.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In this ship M<sup>r</sup>. Weston sent a large leter to M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Carver, y<sup>e</sup> late Gove<sup>r</sup>, now deseased, full of
+      complaints &amp; expostulations aboute former passagess at Hampton; and y<sup>e</sup>
+      keeping y<sup>e</sup> shipe so long in y<sup>e</sup> country, and
+      returning her without lading, &amp;c., which for brevitie I omite. The
+      rest is as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>Part of Mr. Westons letter</i>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        I durst never aquainte y<sup>e</sup> adventurers with y<sup>e</sup>
+        alteration of y<sup>e</sup> conditions first agreed on betweene us,
+        which I have since been very glad of, for I am well assured had they
+        knowne as much as I doe, they would not have adventured a halfe-peny of
+        what was necesary for this ship. That you sent no lading in the ship is
+        wonderfull, and worthily distasted. I know you<sup>r</sup> weaknes was
+        the cause of it, and I beleeve more weaknes of judgmente, then weaknes
+        of hands. A quarter of y<sup>e</sup> time you spente in discoursing,
+        arguing, &amp; consulting, would have done much more; but that is past,
+        &amp;c. If you mean, bona fide, to performe the conditions agreed upon,
+        doe us y<sup>e</sup> favore to coppy them out faire, and subscribe them
+        with y<sup>e</sup> principall of your names. And likwise give us
+        accounte as perticulerly as you can how our moneys were laid out. And
+        then I shall be able to give them some satisfaction, whom I am now
+        forsed with good words to shift of. And consider that y<sup>e</sup> life
+        of the bussines depends on y<sup>e</sup> lading of this ship, which, if
+        you doe to any good purpose, that I may be freed from y<sup>e</sup>
+        great sums I have <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span>disbursed
+        for y<sup>e</sup> former, and must doe for the later, <i>I promise you I
+        will never quit y<sup>e</sup> bussines, though all the other adventurers
+        should.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        [67] We have procured you a Charter, the best we could, which is beter
+        then your former, and with less limitation. For any thing y<sup>t</sup>
+        is els worth writting, M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman can informe you. I pray
+        write instantly for M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson to come to you. And so
+        praying God to blesse you with all graces nessessary both for this life
+        &amp; that to come, I rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your very loving frend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Tho. Weston.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        London, July 6. 1621.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This ship (caled y<sup>e</sup> Fortune) was speedily dispatcht away, being
+      laden with good clapbord as full as she could stowe, and 2. hoggsheads of
+      beaver and otter skins, which they gott with a few trifling comodities
+      brought with them at first, being alltogeather unprovided for trade;
+      neither was ther any amongst them that ever saw a beaver skin till they
+      came hear, and were informed by Squanto. The fraight was estimated to be
+      worth near 500<sup>li</sup>. M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman returned backe also
+      with this ship, for so Mr. Weston &amp; y<sup>e</sup> rest had apoynted
+      him, for their better information. And he doubted not, nor them selves
+      neither, but they should have a speedy supply; considering allso how by M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Cushmans perswation, and letters received from Leyden, wherin they willed
+      them so to doe, they yeelded<a name="FNanchor_AP_42" id="FNanchor_AP_42"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_AP_42" class="fnanchor">[AP]</a> to y<sup>e</sup>
+      afforesaid conditions, and subscribed them with <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>their hands. But it proved
+      other wise, for Mr. Weston, who had made y<sup>e</sup> large promise in
+      his leter, (as is before noted,) that if all y<sup>e</sup> rest should
+      fall of, yet he would never quit y<sup>e</sup> bussines, but stick to
+      them, if they yeelded to y<sup>e</sup> conditions, and sente some lading
+      in y<sup>e</sup> ship; and of this M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman was confident,
+      and confirmed y<sup>e</sup> same from his mouth, &amp; serious
+      protestations to him selfe before he came. But all proved but wind, for he
+      was y<sup>e</sup> first and only man that forsooke them, and that before
+      he so much as heard of y<sup>e</sup> returne of this ship, or knew what
+      was done; (so vaine is the confidence in man.) But of this more in its
+      place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A leter in answer to his write to M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, was sente to him
+      from y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>, of which so much as is pertenente to y<sup>e</sup>
+      thing in hand I shall hear inserte.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: Your large letter writen to M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, and
+        dated y<sup>e</sup> 6. of July, 1621, I have received y<sup>e</sup> 10.
+        of Novemb<sup>r</sup>, wherin (after y<sup>e</sup> apologie made for
+        your selfe) you lay many heavie imputations upon him and us all.
+        Touching him, he is departed this life, and now is at rest [68] in y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord from all those troubls and incoumbrances with which we are yet to
+        strive. He needs not my appologie; for his care and pains was so great
+        for y<sup>e</sup> commone good, both ours and yours, as that therwith
+        (it is thought) he oppressed him selfe and shortened his days; of whose
+        loss we cannot sufficiently complaine. At great charges in this
+        adventure, I confess you have beene, and many losses may sustaine; but y<sup>e</sup>
+        loss of his and many other honest and industrious mens lives, cannot be
+        vallewed at any prise. Of y<sup>e</sup> one, ther may be hope of
+        recovery, but <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+        other no recompence can make good. But I will not insiste in generalls,
+        but come more perticulerly to y<sup>e</sup> things them selves. You
+        greatly blame us for keping y<sup>e</sup> ship so long in y<sup>e</sup>
+        countrie, and then to send her away emptie. She lay 5. weks at Cap-Codd,
+        whilst with many a weary step (after a long journey) and the indurance
+        of many a hard brunte, we sought out in the foule winter a place of
+        habitation. Then we went in so tedious a time to make provission to
+        sheelter us and our goods, aboute w<sup>ch</sup> labour, many of our
+        armes &amp; leggs can tell us to this day we were not necligent. But it
+        pleased God to vissite us then, with death dayly, and with so generall a
+        disease, that the living were scarce able to burie the dead; and y<sup>e</sup>
+        well not in any measure sufficiente to tend y<sup>e</sup> sick. And now
+        to be so greatly blamed, for not fraighting y<sup>e</sup> ship, doth
+        indeed goe near us, and much discourage us. But you say you know we will
+        pretend weaknes; and doe you think we had not cause? Yes, you tell us
+        you beleeve it, but it was more weaknes of judgmente, then of hands. Our
+        weaknes herin is great we confess, therfore we will bear this check
+        patiently amongst y<sup>e</sup> rest, till God send us wiser men. But
+        they which tould you we spent so much time in discoursing &amp;
+        consulting, &amp;c., their harts can tell their toungs, they lye. They
+        cared not, so they might salve their owne sores, how they wounded
+        others. Indeed, it is our callamitie that we are (beyound expectation)
+        yoked with some ill conditioned people, who will never doe good, but
+        corrupte and abuse others, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The rest of y<sup>e</sup> letter declared how they had subscribed those
+      conditions according to his desire, and sente him y<sup>e</sup> former
+      accounts very perticulerly; also how y<sup>e</sup> ship was laden, and in
+      what condition their affairs stood; that y<sup>e</sup> coming of these
+      [69] people would bring famine upon them unavoydably, if they <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span>had not
+      supply in time (as Mr. Cushman could more fully informe him &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers). Also that seeing he was now satisfied
+      in all his demands, that offences would be forgoten, and he remember his
+      promise, &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After y<sup>e</sup> departure of this ship, (which stayed not above 14.
+      days,) the Gove<sup>r</sup> &amp; his assistante haveing disposed these
+      late com&#773;ers into severall families, as y<sup>ey</sup> best could,
+      tooke an exacte accounte of all their provissions in store, and
+      proportioned y<sup>e</sup> same to y<sup>e</sup> number of persons, and
+      found that it would not hould out above 6. months at halfe alowance, and
+      hardly that. And they could not well give less this winter time till fish
+      came in againe. So they were presently put to half alowance, one as well
+      as an other, which begane to be hard, but they bore it patiently under
+      hope of supply.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sone after this ships departure, y<sup>e</sup> great people of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Narigansets, in a braving maner, sente a messenger unto them with a bundl
+      of arrows tyed aboute with a great sneak-skine; which their interpretours
+      tould them was a threatening &amp; a chaleng. Upon which y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>,
+      with y<sup>e</sup> advice of others, sente them a round answere, that if
+      they had rather have warre then peace, they might begine when they would;
+      they had done them no wrong, neither did y<sup>ey</sup> fear them, or
+      should they find them unprovided. And by another messenger sente y<sup>e</sup>
+      sneake-skine back with bulits in it; but they <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span>would not receive it, but
+      sent it back againe. But these things I doe but mention, because they are
+      more at large allready put forth in printe, by M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, at
+      y<sup>e</sup> requeste of some freinds. And it is like y<sup>e</sup>
+      reason was their owne ambition, who, (since y<sup>e</sup> death of so many
+      of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans,) thought to dominire &amp; lord it over y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest, &amp; conceived y<sup>e</sup> English would be a barr in their way,
+      and saw that Massasoyt took sheilter allready under their wings.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But this made them y<sup>e</sup> more carefully to looke to them selves,
+      so as they agreed to inclose their dwellings with a good strong pale, and
+      make flankers in convenient places, with gates to shute, which were every
+      night locked, and a watch kept, and when neede required ther was also
+      warding in y<sup>e</sup> day time. And y<sup>e</sup> company was by y<sup>e</sup>
+      Captaine and y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> [70] advise, devided into 4.
+      squadrons, and every one had ther quarter apoynted them, unto which they
+      were to repaire upon any suddane alarme. And if ther should be any crie of
+      fire, a company were appointed for a gard, with muskets, whilst others
+      quenchet y<sup>e</sup> same, to prevent Indean treachery. This was
+      accomplished very cherfully, and y<sup>e</sup> towne impayled round by y<sup>e</sup>
+      begining of March, in which evry family had a prety garden plote secured.
+      And herewith I shall end this year. Only I shall remember one passage
+      more, rather of mirth then of waight. One y<sup>e</sup> day called
+      Chrismasday, y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> caled them out to worke, (as
+      was used,) <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span>but
+      y<sup>e</sup> most of this new-company excused them selves and said it
+      wente against their consciences to work on y<sup>t</sup> day. So y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> tould them that if they made it mater of conscience, he
+      would spare them till they were better informed. So he led-away y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest and left them; but when they came home at noone from their worke, he
+      found them in y<sup>e</sup> streete at play, openly; some pitching y<sup>e</sup>
+      barr, &amp; some at stoole-ball, and shuch like sports. So he went to
+      them, and tooke away their implements, and tould them that was against his
+      conscience, that they should play &amp; others worke. If they made y<sup>e</sup>
+      keeping of it mater of devotion, let them kepe their houses, but ther
+      should be no gameing or revelling in y<sup>e</sup> streets. Since which
+      time nothing hath been atempted that way, at least openly.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1622" id="a1622"></a><i>Anno 1622.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At y<sup>e</sup> spring of y<sup>e</sup> year they had apointed y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusets to come againe and trade with them, and begane now to prepare
+      for that vioag about y<sup>e</sup> later end of March. But upon some
+      rumors heard, Hobamak, their Indean, tould them upon some jealocies he
+      had, he feared they were joyned w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> Narighansets
+      and might betray them if they were not carefull. He intimated also some
+      jealocie of Squanto, by what he gathered from some private whisperings
+      betweene him and other Indeans. But [71] they resolved to proseede, and
+      sente out their shalop with 10. of their cheefe <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span>men aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      begining of Aprill, and both Squanto &amp; Hobamake with them, in regarde
+      of y<sup>e</sup> jelocie betweene them. But they had not bene gone longe,
+      but an Indean belonging to Squantos family came runing in seeming great
+      fear, and tould them that many of y<sup>e</sup> Narihgansets, with
+      Corbytant, and he thought also Massasoyte, were coming against them; and
+      he gott away to tell them, not without danger. And being examined by y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup>, he made as if they were at hand, and would still be
+      looking back, as if they were at his heels. At which the Governor caused
+      them to take armes &amp; stand on their garde, and supposing y<sup>e</sup>
+      boat to be still within hearing (by reason it was calme) caused a warning
+      peece or 2. to be shote of, the which y<sup>ey</sup> heard and came in.
+      But no Indeans apeared; watch was kepte all night, but nothing was scene.
+      Hobamak was confidente for Massasoyt, and thought all was false; yet y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> caused him to send his wife privatly, to see what she
+      could observe (pretening other occasions), but ther was nothing found, but
+      all was quiet. After this they proseeded on their vioge to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusets, and had good trade, and returned in saftie, blessed be God.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But by the former passages, and other things of like nature, they begane
+      to see y<sup>t</sup> Squanto sought his owne ends, and plaid his owne
+      game, by putting y<sup>e</sup> Indeans in fear, and drawing gifts from
+      them to enrich him selfe; making them beleeve he could stur up <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span>warr
+      against whom he would, &amp; make peece for whom he would. Yea, he made
+      them beleeve they kept y<sup>e</sup> plague buried in y<sup>e</sup>
+      ground, and could send it amongs whom they would, which did much terrifie
+      the Indeans, and made them depend more on him, and seeke more to him then
+      to Massasoyte, which proucured him envie, and had like to have cost him
+      his life. For after y<sup>e</sup> discovery of his practises, Massasoyt
+      sought it both privatly and openly; which caused him to stick close to y<sup>e</sup>
+      English, &amp; never durst goe from them till he dyed. They also made good
+      use of y<sup>e</sup> emulation y<sup>t</sup> grue betweene Hobamack and
+      him, which made them cary more squarely. And y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      seemed to countenance y<sup>e</sup> one, and y<sup>e</sup> Captaine y<sup>e</sup>
+      other, by which they had better intelligence, and made them both more
+      diligente.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [72] Now in a maner their provissions were wholy spent, and they looked
+      hard for supply, but none came. But about y<sup>e</sup> <i>later end of
+      May</i>, they spied <i>a boat</i> at sea, which at first they thought had
+      beene some Frenchman; but it proved a shalop which came from a ship which
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Weston &amp; an other had set out a fishing, at a place
+      called Damarins-cove, 40. leagues to y<sup>e</sup> eastward of them, wher
+      were y<sup>t</sup> year many more ships come a fishing. This boat brought
+      7. passengers and some letters, but no vitails, nor any hope of any. Some
+      part of which I shall set downe.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, in my last leters by y<sup>e</sup> Fortune, in
+        whom M<sup>r</sup> Cushman wente, and who I hope is with you, for we
+        daly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span>
+        expecte y<sup>e</sup> shipe back againe. She departed hence, y<sup>e</sup>
+        begining of July, with 35. persons, though not over well provided with
+        necesaries, by reason of y<sup>e</sup> parsemonie of y<sup>e</sup>
+        adventurers.<a name="FNanchor_AQ_43" id="FNanchor_AQ_43"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_AQ_43" class="fnanchor">[AQ]</a> I have solisited them
+        to send you a supply of men and provissions before shee come. They all
+        answer they will doe great maters, when they hear good news. Nothing
+        before; so faithfull, constant, &amp; carefull of your good, are your
+        olde &amp; honest freinds, that if they hear not from you, they are like
+        to send you no supplie, &amp;c. I am now to relate y<sup>e</sup>
+        occasion of sending <i>this ship</i>, hoping if you give credite to my
+        words, you will have a more favourable opinion of it, then some hear,
+        wherof Pickering is one, who taxed me to mind my owne ends, which is in
+        part true, &amp;c. <i>M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp and my selfe</i> bought <i>this
+        litle ship</i>, and have set her out, partly, if it may be, to uphold<a
+        name="FNanchor_AR_44" id="FNanchor_AR_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_AR_44"
+        class="fnanchor">[AR]</a> y<sup>e</sup> plantation, as well to doe
+        others good as our selves; and partly to gett up what we are formerly
+        out; though we are otherwise censured, &amp;c. This is y<sup>e</sup>
+        occasion we have sent <i>this ship</i> and these passengers, on our owne
+        accounte; whom we desire you will frendly entertaine &amp; supply with
+        shuch necesaries as you cane spare, and they wante, &amp;c. And among
+        other things we pray you lend or sell them some seed corne, and if you
+        have y<sup>e</sup> salt remaining of y<sup>e</sup> last year, that y<sup>u</sup>
+        will let them have it for their presente use, and we will either pay you
+        for it, or give you more when we have set our salt-pan to worke, which
+        we desire may be set up in one of y<sup>e</sup> litle ilands in your
+        bay, &amp;c. And because we intende, if God plase, [73] (and y<sup>e</sup>
+        generallitie doe it not,) <i>to send within a month another shipe</i>,
+        who, having discharged her passengers, <i>shal goe to Virginia</i>,
+        &amp;c. And it may be we shall send a <i>small ship to abide with you</i>
+        on y<sup>e</sup> coast, which I conceive may be a great help to y<sup>e</sup>
+        plantation. To y<sup>e</sup> end our desire may be effected, which, I
+        assure my selfe, will be also for your good, we pray you give them
+        entertainmente in your houses y<sup>e</sup> time they shall be with<span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> you,
+        that they may lose no time, but may presently goe in hand to fell trees
+        &amp; cleave them, to y<sup>e</sup> end lading may be ready and our ship
+        stay not.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Some of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers have sent you hearwith all some
+        directions for your furtherance in y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;one bussines,
+        who are like those S<sup>t</sup>. James speaks of, y<sup>t</sup> bid
+        their brother eat, and warme him, but give him nothing; so they bid you
+        make salt, and uphold y<sup>e</sup> plantation, but send you no means
+        wherwithall to doe it, &amp;c. By <i>y<sup>e</sup> next</i> we purpose
+        <i>to send more people on our owne accounte</i>, and <i>to take a
+        patente</i>; that if your peopl should be as unhumane as some of y<sup>e</sup>
+        adventurers, not to admite us to dwell with them, which were extreme
+        barbarisme, and which will never enter into my head to thinke you have
+        any shuch Pickerings amongst you. Yet to satisfie our passengers I must
+        of force doe it; and for some other reasons not necessary to be writen,
+        &amp;c. I find y<sup>e</sup> generall so backward, and your freinds at
+        Leyden so could, that I fear you must stand on your leggs, and trust (as
+        they say) to God and your selves.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Subscribed,
+        </div>
+        <div class="center">
+          your loving freind,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Tho: Weston.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        Jan: 12. 1621.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Sundry other things I pass over, being tedious &amp; impertinent.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this was but could comfort to fill their hungrie bellies, and a
+      slender performance of his former late promiss; and as litle did it either
+      fill or warme them, as those y<sup>e</sup> Apostle James spake of, by him
+      before mentioned. And well might it make them remember what y<sup>e</sup>
+      psalmist saith, Psa. 118. 8. <i>It is better to trust in the Lord, then to
+      have confidence in man.</i> And Psa. <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span>146. <i>Put not you trust in
+      princes</i> (much less in y<sup>e</sup> marchants) <i>nor in y<sup>e</sup>
+      sone of man, for ther is no help in them.</i> v. 5. <i>Blesed is he that
+      hath y<sup>e</sup> God of Jacob for his help, whose hope is in y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord his God.</i> And as they were now fayled of suply by him and others
+      in this their greatest neede and wants, which was caused by him and y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest, who put so great a company of men upon them, as y<sup>e</sup> former
+      company were, without any food, and came at shuch a time as they must live
+      almost a whole year before any could [74] be raised, excepte they had
+      sente some; so, upon y<sup>e</sup> pointe they never had any supply of
+      vitales more afterwards (but what the Lord gave them otherwise); for all y<sup>e</sup>
+      company sent at any time was allways too short for those people y<sup>t</sup>
+      came with it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ther came allso <i>by y<sup>e</sup> same ship</i> other leters, but of
+      later date, one from M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, an other from a parte of y<sup>e</sup>
+      adventurers, as foloweth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, since my last, to y<sup>e</sup> end we might y<sup>e</sup>
+        more readily proceed to help y<sup>e</sup> generall, at a meeting of
+        some of y<sup>e</sup> principall adventurers, a proposition was put
+        forth, &amp; alowed by all presente (save Pickering), to adventure each
+        man y<sup>e</sup> third parte of what he formerly had done. And ther are
+        some other y<sup>t</sup> folow his example, and will adventure no
+        furder. In regard wherof y<sup>e</sup> greater part of y<sup>e</sup>
+        adventurers being willing to uphold y<sup>e</sup> bussines, finding it
+        no reason that those y<sup>t</sup> are willing should uphold y<sup>e</sup>
+        bussines of those that are unwilling, whose backwardnes doth discourage
+        those that are forward, and hinder other new-adventurers from coming in,
+        we having well considered therof, have resolved, according to an article
+        in y<sup>e</sup><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span>
+        agreemente, (<i>that it may be lawfull by a generall consente of y<sup>e</sup>
+        adventurers &amp; planters, upon just occasion, to breake of their
+        joynte stock</i>,) to breake it of; and doe pray you to ratifie, and
+        confirme y<sup>e</sup> same on your parts. Which being done, we shall y<sup>e</sup>
+        more willingly goe forward for y<sup>e</sup> upholding of you with all
+        things necesarie. But in any case you must agree to y<sup>e</sup>
+        artickls, and send it by y<sup>e</sup> first under your hands &amp;
+        seals. So I end
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your loving freind,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Tho: Weston.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        Jan: 17. 1621.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Another leter was write from part of y<sup>e</sup> company of y<sup>e</sup>
+      adventurers to the same purpose, and subscribed with 9. of their names,
+      wherof M<sup>r</sup>. Westons &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamphs were tow.
+      Thes things seemed strang unto them, seeing this unconstancie &amp;
+      shufling; it made them to thinke ther was some misterie in y<sup>e</sup>
+      matter. And therfore y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> concealed these letters
+      from y<sup>e</sup> publick, only imparted them to some trustie freinds for
+      advice, who concluded with him, that this tended to disband &amp; scater
+      them (in regard of their straits); and if M<sup>r</sup>. Weston &amp;
+      others, who seemed to rune in a perticuler way, should come over with
+      shiping so provided as his letters did intimate, they most would fall to
+      him, to y<sup>e</sup> prejudice of them selves &amp; y<sup>e</sup> rest of
+      the adventurers,<a name="FNanchor_AS_45" id="FNanchor_AS_45"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_AS_45" class="fnanchor">[AS]</a> their freinds, from whom
+      as yet they heard nothing. And it was doubted whether he <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span>had not
+      sente [75] over shuch a company in y<sup>e</sup> former ship, for shuch an
+      end. Yet they tooke compassion of those 7. men which <i>this ship, which
+      fished to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, had kept till planting time was over</i>,
+      and so could set no corne; and allso wanting vitals, (for y<sup>ey</sup>
+      turned them off w<sup>th</sup>out any, and indeed wanted for them selves,)
+      neither was their salt-pan come, so as y<sup>ey</sup> could not performe
+      any of those things which M<sup>r</sup>. Weston had apointed, and might
+      have starved if y<sup>e</sup> plantation had not succoured them; who, in
+      their wants, gave them as good as any of their owne. <i>The ship wente to
+      Virginia</i>, wher they sould both ship &amp; fish, of which (it was
+      conceived) M<sup>r</sup>. Weston had a very slender accounte.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>After this came another of his ships</i>, and brought letters dated y<sup>e</sup>
+      10. of Aprill, from M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford, these, &amp;c. <i>The Fortune</i> is arived, of
+        whose good news touching your estate &amp; proce&#275;ings, I am very
+        glad to hear. And how soever he was robed on y<sup>e</sup> way by y<sup>e</sup>
+        Frenchmen, yet I hope your loss will not be great, for y<sup>e</sup>
+        conceite of so great a returne doth much animate y<sup>e</sup>
+        adventurers, so y<sup>t</sup> I hope some matter of importance will be
+        done by them, &amp;c. As for my selfe, I have sould my adventure &amp;
+        debts unto them, so as I am quit<a name="FNanchor_AT_46"
+        id="FNanchor_AT_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_AT_46" class="fnanchor">[AT]</a>
+        of you, &amp; you of me, for that matter, &amp;c. Now though I have
+        nothing to pretend as an adventurer amongst you, yet I will advise you a
+        litle for your good, if you can apprehend it. I perceive &amp; know as
+        well as another, y<sup>e</sup> dispositions of <i>your adventurers</i>,
+        whom y<sup>e</sup> hope of gaine hath<span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> drawne on to this they
+        have done; and yet I fear y<sup>t</sup> hope will not draw them much
+        furder. Besids, <i>most of them are against the sending of them of
+        Leyden, for whose cause this bussines was first begune</i>, and some of
+        y<sup>e</sup> most religious (as M<sup>r</sup>. Greene by name) excepts
+        against them. So y<sup>t</sup> my advice is (you may follow it if you
+        please) that you forthwith break of your joynte stock, which you have
+        warente to doe, both in law &amp; conscience, for y<sup>e</sup> most
+        parte of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers have given way unto it by a former
+        letter. And y<sup>e</sup> means you have ther, which I hope will be to
+        some purpose by y<sup>e</sup> trade of this spring, may, with y<sup>e</sup>
+        help of some freinds hear, bear y<sup>e</sup> charge of tr&#257;sporting
+        those of Leyden; and when they are with you I make no question but by
+        Gods help you will be able to subsist of your selves. But I shall leave
+        you to your discretion.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        I desired diverce of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, as M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Peirce, M<sup>r</sup>. Greene, &amp; others, if they had any thing to
+        send you, either vitails or leters, to send them <i>by these ships</i>;
+        and marvelling they sent not so much as a letter, I asked our passengers
+        what leters they had, and with some dificultie one of them tould me he
+        had one, which was delivered him with [76] great charge of secrecie; and
+        for more securitie, to buy a paire of new-shoes, &amp; sow it betweene y<sup>e</sup>
+        soles for fear of intercepting. I, taking y<sup>e</sup> leter, wondering
+        what mistrie might be in it, broke it open, and found this treacherous
+        letter subscribed by y<sup>e</sup> hands of M<sup>r</sup>. Pickering
+        &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Greene. Wich leter had it come to you<sup>r</sup>
+        hands without answer, might have caused y<sup>e</sup> hurt, if not y<sup>e</sup>
+        ruine, of us all. For assuredly if you had followed their instructions,
+        and shewed us that unkindness which they advise you unto, to hold us in
+        distruste as enimise, &amp;c., it might have been an occasion to have
+        set us togeather by y<sup>e</sup> eares, to y<sup>e</sup> distruction of
+        us all. For I doe beleeve that in shuch a case, they knowing what
+        bussines hath been betweene us, not only my brother, but others also,
+        would have been violent, and heady against you, <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span>&amp;c. I mente to have
+        setled y<sup>e</sup> people I before and now send, with or near you, as
+        well for their as your more securitie and defence, as help on all
+        occasions. But I find y<sup>e</sup> adventurers so jealous &amp;
+        suspitious, that I have altered my resolution, &amp; given order to my
+        brother &amp; those with him, to doe as they and him selfe shall find
+        fitte. Thus, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your loving freind,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Tho: Weston.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        Aprill 10. 1621.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>Some part of Mr. Pickerings letter before mentioned.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        To M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        My dear love remembred unto you all, &amp;c. The company hath bought out
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, and are very glad they are freed of him, he being
+        judged a man y<sup>t</sup> thought him selfe above y<sup>e</sup>
+        generall, and not expresing so much y<sup>e</sup> fear of God as was
+        meete in a man to whom shuch trust should have been reposed in a matter
+        of so great importance. I am sparing to be so plaine as indeed is clear
+        against him; but a few words to y<sup>e</sup> wise.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Weston will not permitte leters to be sent in <i>his
+        ships</i>, nor any thing for your good or ours, of which ther is some
+        reason in respecte of him selfe, &amp;c. His brother Andrew, whom he
+        doth send as principall <i>in one of these ships</i>, is a heady yong
+        man, &amp; violente, and set against you ther, &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+        company hear; ploting with M<sup>r</sup>. Weston their owne ends, which
+        tend to your &amp; our undooing in respecte of our estates ther, and
+        prevention of our good ends. For by credible testimoney we are informed
+        his purpose is to come to your colonie, pretending he comes for and from
+        y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, and will seeke to gett what you have in
+        readynes [77] into <i>his ships</i>, as if they came from y<sup>e</sup>
+        company, &amp; possessing all, will be so much profite to him selfe. And
+        further to informe them selves what spetiall places or things you have
+        discovered, to y<sup>e</sup> end that they may supres &amp; deprive you,
+        &amp;c. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The Lord, who is y<sup>e</sup> watchman of Israll &amp; slepeth not,
+        preserve you &amp; deliver you from unreasonable men. I am sorie that
+        ther is cause to admonish you of these things concerning this man; so I
+        leave you to God, who bless and multiply you into thousands, to the
+        advancemente of y<sup>e</sup> glorious gospell of our Lord Jesus. Amen.
+        Fare well.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your loving freinds,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Edward Pickering.</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">William Greene.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <p>
+        I pray conceale both y<sup>e</sup> writing &amp; deliverie of this
+        leter, but make the best use of it. <i>We hope to sete forth a ship our
+        selves with in this month.</i>
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center break">
+        <i>The heads of his answer.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford, this is y<sup>e</sup> leter y<sup>t</sup> I
+        wrote unto you of, which to answer in every perticuler is needles &amp;
+        tedious. My owne conscience &amp; all our people can and I thinke will
+        testifie, y<sup>t</sup> my end in sending <i>y<sup>e</sup> ship Sparrow</i>
+        was your good, &amp;c. Now I will not deney but ther are many of our
+        people rude fellows, as these men terme them; yet I presume they will be
+        governed by such as I set over them. And I hope not only to be able to
+        reclaime them from y<sup>t</sup> profanenes that may scandalise y<sup>e</sup>
+        vioage, but by degrees to draw them to God, &amp;c. I am so farr from
+        sending rude fellows to deprive you either by fraude or violence of what
+        is yours, as I have charged y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup>
+        <i>ship Sparrow</i>, not only to leave with you 2000. of bread, but also
+        a good quantitie of fish,<a name="FNanchor_AU_47" id="FNanchor_AU_47"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_AU_47" class="fnanchor">[AU]</a> &amp;c. But I will
+        leave it to you to consider what evill this leter would or might have
+        done, had it come to your hands &amp; taken y<sup>e</sup> effecte y<sup>e</sup>
+        other desired.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Now if you be of y<sup>e</sup> mind y<sup>t</sup> these men are, deale
+        plainly with us, &amp; we will seeke our residence els-wher. If you
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span>are
+        as freindly as we have thought you to be, give us y<sup>e</sup>
+        entertainment of freinds, and we will take nothing from you, neither
+        meat, drinke, nor lodging, but what we will, in one kind or other, pay
+        you for, &amp;c. I shall leave in y<sup>e</sup> countrie <i>a litle ship</i>
+        (if God send her safe thither) with mariners &amp; fisher-men to stay
+        ther, who shall coast, &amp; trad with y<sup>e</sup> savages, &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+        old plantation. It may be we shall be as helpfull to you, as you will be
+        to us. I thinke I shall see you y<sup>e</sup> next spring; and so I
+        comend you to y<sup>e</sup> protection of God, who ever keep you.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your loving freind,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Tho: Weston.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      [78] Thus all ther hops in regard of M<sup>r</sup>. Weston were layed in y<sup>e</sup>
+      dust, and all his promised helpe turned into an empttie advice, which they
+      apprehended was nether lawfull nor profitable for them to follow. And they
+      were not only thus left destitute of help in their extreme wants, haveing
+      neither vitails, nor any thing to trade with, but others prepared &amp;
+      ready to glean up what y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie might have afforded for their
+      releefe. As for those harsh censures &amp; susspitions intimated in y<sup>e</sup>
+      former and following leters, they desired to judg as charitably and wisly
+      of them as they could, waighing them in y<sup>e</sup> ballance of love and
+      reason; and though they (in parte) came from godly &amp; loveing freinds,
+      yet they conceived many things might arise from over deepe jealocie and
+      fear, togeather with unmeete provocations, though they well saw M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Weston pursued his owne ends, and was imbittered in spirite. <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span>For after
+      the receit of y<sup>e</sup> former leters, the Gov<sup>r</sup> received
+      one from M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman, who went home in y<sup>e</sup> ship, and
+      was allway intimate with M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, (as former passages
+      declare), and it was much marveled that nothing was heard from him, all
+      this while. But it should seeme it was y<sup>e</sup> difficulty of
+      sending, for this leter was directed as y<sup>e</sup> leter of a wife to
+      her husband, who was here, and brought by him to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>.
+      It was as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Beloved S<sup>r</sup>: I hartily salute you, with trust of your health,
+        and many thanks for your love. By Gods providence we got well home y<sup>e</sup>
+        17. <i>of Feb</i>. Being robbed by y<sup>e</sup> French-men by y<sup>e</sup>
+        way, and carried by them into France, and were kepte ther 15. days, and
+        lost all y<sup>t</sup> we had that was worth taking; but thanks be to
+        God, we escaped with our lives &amp; ship. I see not y<sup>t</sup> it
+        worketh any discouragment hear. I purpose by Gods grace <i>to see you</i>
+        shortly, <i>I hope in June nexte, or before</i>. In y<sup>e</sup> mean
+        space know these things, and I pray you be advertised a litle. M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Weston hath quite broken of from our company, through some discontents y<sup>t</sup>
+        arose betwext him and some of our adventurers, &amp; hath sould all his
+        adventurs, &amp; <i>hath now sent 3. smale ships for his perticuler
+        plantation</i>. The <i>greatest</i> wherof, <i>being 100. tune</i>, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Reynolds goeth m<sup>r</sup>. and he with y<sup>e</sup> rest purposeth
+        to come him selfe; for what end I know not.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The people which they cary are no men for us, wherfore I pray you
+        entertaine them not, neither exchainge man for man with them, excepte it
+        be some of your worst. He hath taken a patente for him selfe. If they
+        offerr to buy any thing of you, let it be shuch as you can spare, and
+        let them give y<sup>e</sup> worth of it. If they borrow any thing of
+        you, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span>let
+        them leave a good pawne, &amp;c. It is like he [78<a
+        name="FNanchor_AV_48" id="FNanchor_AV_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_AV_48"
+        class="fnanchor">[AV]</a>] will plant to y<sup>e</sup> southward of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Cape, for William Trevore hath lavishly tould but what he knew or
+        imagined of Capewack, Mohiggen, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets. I fear
+        these people will hardly deale so well with y<sup>e</sup> savages as
+        they should. I pray you therfore signifie to Squanto, that they are a
+        distincte body from us, and we have nothing to doe with them, neither
+        must be blamed for their falts, much less can warrente their fidelitie.
+        We are aboute to recover our losses in France. Our freinds at Leyden are
+        well, and will come to you as many as can <i>this time</i>. I hope all
+        will turne to y<sup>e</sup> best, wherfore I pray you be not
+        discouraged, but gather up your selfe to goe thorow these dificulties
+        cherfully &amp; with courage in y<sup>t</sup> place wherin God hath sett
+        you, untill y<sup>e</sup> day of refreshing come. And y<sup>e</sup> Lord
+        God of sea &amp; land bring us comfortably togeather againe, if it may
+        stand with his glorie.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Yours,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Robart Cushman.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      On y<sup>e</sup> other sid of y<sup>e</sup> leafe, in y<sup>e</sup> same
+      leter, came these few lines from M<sup>r</sup>. John Peirce, in whose name
+      the patente was taken, and of whom more will follow, to be spoken in its
+      place.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Worthy S<sup>r</sup>: I desire you to take into consideration that which
+        is writen on y<sup>e</sup> other side, and not any way to damnifie your
+        owne collony, whos strength is but weaknes, and may therby be more
+        infeebled. And for y<sup>e</sup> leters of association, by y<sup>e</sup>
+        next ship we send, I hope you shall receive satisfaction; in y<sup>e</sup>
+        mean time whom you admite I will approve. But as for M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Weston's company, I thinke them so base in condition (for y<sup>e</sup>
+        most parte) as in all apearance <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149"
+        id="Page_149">[149]</a></span>not fitt for an honest mans company. I
+        wish they prove other wise. My purpose is not to enlarge my selfe, but
+        cease in these few lins, and so rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your loving freind,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John Peirce.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      All these things they pondred and well considered, yet concluded to give
+      his men frendly entertainmente; partly in regard of M<sup>r</sup>. Weston
+      him selfe, considering what he had been unto them, &amp; done for them,
+      &amp; to some, more espetially; and partly in compassion to y<sup>e</sup>
+      people, who were now come into a willdernes, (as them selves were,) and
+      were by <i>y<sup>e</sup> ship</i> to be presently put a shore, (for she
+      was <i>to cary other passengers to Virginia</i>, who lay at great charge,)
+      and they were alltogeather unacquainted &amp; knew not what to doe. So as
+      they had received his former company of 7. men, and vitailed them as their
+      owne hitherto, so they also received <i>these</i> (being aboute 60. lusty
+      men), and gave [79] housing for them selves and their goods; and many
+      being sicke, they had y<sup>e</sup> best means y<sup>e</sup> place could
+      aford them. They stayed hear y<sup>e</sup> most parte of y<sup>e</sup> som&#773;er
+      till <i>y<sup>e</sup> ship came back againe from Virginia</i>. Then, by
+      his direction, or those whom he set over them, they removed into y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusset Bay, he having got a patente for some part ther, (by light of
+      ther former discovery in leters sent home). Yet they left all ther sicke
+      folke hear till they were setled and housed. But of ther victails they had
+      not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span>any,
+      though they were in great wante, nor any thing els in recompence of any
+      courtecie done them; neither did they desire it, for they saw they were an
+      unruly company, and had no good govermente over them, and by disorder
+      would soone fall into wants if M<sup>r</sup>. Weston came not y<sup>e</sup>
+      sooner amongst them; and therfore, to prevente all after occasion, would
+      have nothing of them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Amids these streigths, and y<sup>e</sup> desertion of those from whom they
+      had hoped for supply, and when famine begane now to pinch them sore, they
+      not knowing what to doe, the Lord, (who never fails his,) presents them
+      with an occasion, beyond all expectation. This boat which came from y<sup>e</sup>
+      eastward brought them a letter from a stranger, of whose name they had
+      never heard before, being a captaine of a ship come ther a fishing. This
+      leter was as followeth. Being thus inscribed.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        To all his good freinds at Plimoth, these, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Freinds, cuntrimen, &amp; neighbours: I salute you, and wish you all
+        health and hapines in y<sup>e</sup> Lord. I make bould with these few
+        lines to trouble you, because unless I were unhumane, I can doe no less.
+        Bad news doth spread it selfe too farr; yet I will so farr informe you
+        that my selfe, with many good freinds in y<sup>e</sup> south-collonie of
+        Virginia, have received shuch a blow, that 400. persons large will not
+        make good our losses. Therfore I doe intreat you (allthough not knowing
+        you) that y<sup>e</sup> old rule which I learned when I went to schoole,
+        may be sufficente. That is, Hapie is he whom <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span>other mens harmes doth
+        make to beware. And now againe and againe, wishing all those y<sup>t</sup>
+        willingly would serve y<sup>e</sup> Lord, all health and happines in
+        this world, and everlasting peace in y<sup>e</sup> world to come. And so
+        I rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Yours,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John Hudlston.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      By this boat y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> returned a thankfull answer, as
+      was meete, and sent a boate of their owne with them, which was piloted by
+      them, in which M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was sente to procure what
+      provissions he could of y<sup>e</sup> ships, who was kindly received by y<sup>e</sup>
+      foresaid gentill-man, who not only spared what he [90<a
+      name="FNanchor_AW_49" id="FNanchor_AW_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_AW_49"
+      class="fnanchor">[AW]</a>] could, but writ to others to doe y<sup>e</sup>
+      like. By which means he gott some good quantitie and returned in saftie,
+      by which y<sup>e</sup> plantation had a duble benefite, first, a present
+      refreshing by y<sup>e</sup> food brought, and secondly, they knew y<sup>e</sup>
+      way to those parts for their benifite hearafter. But what was gott, &amp;
+      this small boat brought, being devided among so many, came but to a litle,
+      yet by Gods blesing it upheld them till harvest. It arose but to a quarter
+      of a pound of bread a day to each person; and y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      caused it to be dayly given them, otherwise, had it been in their owne
+      custody, they would have eate it up &amp; then starved. But thus, with
+      what els they could get, they made pretie shift till corne was ripe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This som&#773;er they builte a fort with good timber, both strong &amp;
+      comly, which was of good defence, made with a flate rofe &amp; batllments,
+      on which their ordnance were mounted, and wher they kepte constante watch,
+      espetially in time of danger. It served them allso for a meeting house,
+      and was fitted accordingly for that use. It was a great worke for them in
+      this weaknes and time of wants; but y<sup>e</sup> deanger of y<sup>e</sup>
+      time required it, and both y<sup>e</sup> continuall rumors of y<sup>e</sup>
+      fears from y<sup>e</sup> Indeans hear, espetially y<sup>e</sup>
+      Narigansets, and also y<sup>e</sup> hearing of that great massacre in
+      Virginia, made all hands willing to despatch y<sup>e</sup> same.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Now y<sup>e</sup> wellcome time of harvest aproached, in which all had
+      their hungrie bellies filled. But it arose but to a litle, in comparison
+      of a full years supplie; partly by reason they were not yet well aquainted
+      with y<sup>e</sup> man&#773;er of Indean corne, (and they had no other,)
+      allso their many other imployments, but cheefly their weaknes for wante of
+      food, to tend it as they should have done. Also much was stolne both by
+      night &amp; day, before it became scarce eatable, &amp; much more
+      afterward. And though many were well whipt (when they were taken) for a
+      few ears of corne, yet hunger made others (whom conscience did not
+      restraine) to venture. So as it well appeared y<sup>e</sup> famine must
+      still insue y<sup>e</sup> next year allso, if not some way prevented, or
+      supplie should faile, to which they durst not trust. Markets there was
+      none to goe too, but <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span>only
+      y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, and they had no trading comodities. Behold now
+      another providence of God; a ship comes into y<sup>e</sup> [91] harbor,
+      one Captain Jons being cheefe therin. They were set out by some marchants
+      to discovere all y<sup>e</sup> harbors betweene this &amp; Virginia, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      shoulds of Cap-Cod, and to trade along y<sup>e</sup> coast wher they
+      could. This ship had store of English-beads (which were then good trade)
+      and some knives, but would sell none but at dear rates, and also a good
+      quantie togeather. Yet they weere glad of y<sup>e</sup> occasion, and
+      faine to buy at any rate; they were faine to give after y<sup>e</sup> rate
+      of cento per cento, if not more, and yet pay away coat-beaver at 3<sup>s</sup>.
+      per<sup>li</sup>, which in a few years after yeelded 20<sup>s</sup>. By
+      this means they were fitted againe to trade for beaver &amp; other things,
+      and intended to buy what corne they could.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But I will hear take liberty to make a litle digression. Ther was in <i>this
+      ship</i> a gentle-man by name M<sup>r</sup>. John Poory; he had been
+      secretarie in Virginia, and was now going home passenger <i>in this ship</i>.
+      After his departure he write a leter to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> in
+      the postscrite wherof he hath these lines.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        To your selfe and M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, I must acknowledg my selfe
+        many ways indebted, whose books I would have you thinke very well
+        bestowed on him, who esteemeth them shuch juells. My hast would not
+        suffer me to remember (much less to begg) M<sup>r</sup>. Ainsworths
+        elaborate worke upon y<sup>e</sup> 5. books of Moyses. Both his &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Robinsons doe highly <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154"
+        id="Page_154">[154]</a></span>commend the authors, as being most
+        conversante in y<sup>e</sup> scripturs of all others. And what good (who
+        knows) it may please God to worke by them, through my hands, (though
+        most unworthy,) who finds shuch high contente in them. God have you all
+        in his keeping.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:17em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your unfained and firme friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John Pory.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Aug. 28. 1622.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      These things I hear inserte for honour sake of y<sup>e</sup> authors
+      memorie, which this gentle-man doth thus ingeniusly acknowledg; and him
+      selfe after his returne did this poore-plantation much credite amongst
+      those of no mean ranck. But to returne.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [92] <i>Shortly after harvest</i> M<sup>r</sup>. Westons people who were
+      now seated at y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and by disorder (as it seems)
+      had made havock of their provissions, begane now to perceive that want
+      would come upon them. And hearing that they hear had bought trading
+      comodities &amp; intended to trade for corne, they write to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> and desired they might joyne with them, and they would
+      imploy their small ship in y<sup>e</sup> servise; and furder requested
+      either to lend or sell them so much of their trading comodities as their
+      part might come to, and they would undertake to make paymente when M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Weston, or their supply, should come. The Gov<sup>r</sup> condesended upon
+      equall terms of agreemente, thinkeing to goe aboute y<sup>e</sup> Cap to y<sup>e</sup>
+      southward with y<sup>e</sup> ship, wher some store of corne might be got.
+      Althings being provided, Captaint Standish was <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span>apointed to goe with them,
+      and Squanto for a guid &amp; interpreter, about y<sup>e</sup> <i>latter
+      end of September</i>; but y<sup>e</sup> winds put them in againe, &amp;
+      putting out y<sup>e</sup> 2. time, he fell sick of a feavor, so y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> wente him selfe. But they could not get aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      should of Cap-Cod, for flats &amp; breakers, neither could Squanto directe
+      them better, nor y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. durst venture any further,
+      so they put into Manamoyack Bay and got w<sup>t</sup><a
+      name="FNanchor_AX_50" id="FNanchor_AX_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_AX_50"
+      class="fnanchor">[AX]</a> they could ther. In this place Squanto fell sick
+      of an Indean feavor, bleeding much at y<sup>e</sup> nose (which y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans take for a simptome of death), and within a few days dyed ther;
+      desiring y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> to pray for him, that he might goe
+      to y<sup>e</sup> Englishmens God in heaven, and bequeathed sundrie of his
+      things to sundry of his English freinds, as remembrances of his love; of
+      whom they had a great loss. They got in this vioage, in one place &amp;
+      other, about 26. or 28. hogsheads of corne &amp; beans, which was more
+      then the Indeans could well spare in these parts, for y<sup>e</sup> set
+      but a litle till they got English hows. And so were faine to returne,
+      being sory they could not gett about the Cap, to have been better laden.
+      After ward y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> tooke a few men &amp; wente to y<sup>e</sup>
+      inland places, to get what he could, and to fetch it home at y<sup>e</sup>
+      spring, which did help them something.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [93] After these things, in <i>Feb</i>: a messenger came from John
+      Sanders, who was left cheefe over M<sup>r</sup>. Weston's men in y<sup>e</sup>
+      bay of Massachusets, who brought a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156"
+      id="Page_156">[156]</a></span>letter shewing the great wants they were
+      falen into; and he would have borrowed a <ins title="hh">&#295;&#295;</ins>
+      of corne of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, but they would lend him none. He
+      desired advice whether he might not take it from them by force to succore
+      his men till he came from y<sup>e</sup> eastward, whither he was going.
+      The Gov<sup>r</sup> &amp; rest deswaded him by all means from it, for it
+      might so exasperate the Indeans as might endanger their saftie, and all of
+      us might smart for it; for they had already heard how they had so wronged
+      y<sup>e</sup> Indeans by stealing their corne, &amp;c. as they were much
+      incensed against them. Yea, so base were some of their own company, as
+      they wente &amp; tould y<sup>e</sup> Indeans y<sup>t</sup> their Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      was purposed to come and take their corne by force. The which with other
+      things made them enter into a conspiracie against y<sup>e</sup> English,
+      of which more in y<sup>e</sup> nexte. Hear with I end this year.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1623" id="a1623"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1623.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It may be thought strang that these people should fall to these
+      extremities in so short a time, being left competently provided when y<sup>e</sup>
+      ship left them, and had an addition by that moyetie of corn that was got
+      by trade, besids much they gott of y<sup>e</sup> Indans wher they lived,
+      by one means &amp; other. It must needs be their great disorder, for they
+      spent excesseivly whilst they had, or could get it; and, it may be, wasted
+      parte away among y<sup>e</sup> Indeans (for he y<sup>t</sup> was their
+      cheef <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span>was
+      taxed by some amongst them for keeping Indean women, how truly I know
+      not). And after they begane to come into wants, many sould away their
+      cloathes and bed coverings; others (so base were they) became servants to
+      y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, and would cutt them woode &amp; fetch them water,
+      for a cap full of corne; others fell to plaine stealing, both night &amp;
+      day, from y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, of which they greevosly complained. In y<sup>e</sup>
+      end, they came to that misery, that some starved &amp; dyed with could
+      &amp; hunger. One in geathering shell-fish was so weake as he stuck fast
+      in y<sup>e</sup> mudd, and was found dead in y<sup>e</sup> place. At last
+      most of them left their dwellings &amp; scatered up &amp; downe in y<sup>e</sup>
+      [94] woods, &amp; by y<sup>e</sup> water sids, wher they could find ground
+      nuts &amp; clames, hear 6. and ther ten. By which their cariages they
+      became contemned &amp; scorned of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, and they begane
+      greatly to insulte over them in a most insolente maner; insomuch, many
+      times as they lay thus scatered abrod, and had set on a pot with ground
+      nuts or shell-fish, when it was ready the Indeans would come and eate it
+      up; and when night came, wheras some of them had a sorie blanket, or such
+      like, to lappe them selves in, the Indeans would take it and let y<sup>e</sup>
+      other lye all nighte in the could; so as their condition was very
+      lamentable. Yea, in y<sup>e</sup> end they were faine to hange one of
+      their men, whom they could not reclaime from stealing, to give y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans contente.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Whilst things wente in this maner with them, y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      &amp; people hear had notice y<sup>t</sup> Massasoyte ther freind was sick
+      &amp; near unto death. They sent to vissete him, and withall sente him
+      such comfortable things as gave him great contente, and was a means of his
+      recovery; upon which occasion he discovers y<sup>e</sup> conspiracie of
+      these Indeans, how they were resolved to cutt of M<sup>r</sup>. Westons
+      people, for the continuall injuries they did them, &amp; would now take
+      opportunitie of their weaknes to doe it; and for that end had conspired
+      with other Indeans their neighbours their aboute. And thinking the people
+      hear would revenge their death, they therfore thought to doe y<sup>e</sup>
+      like by them, &amp; had solisited him to joyne with them. He advised them
+      therfore to prevent it, and that speedly by taking of some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheefe of them, before it was to late, for he asured them of y<sup>e</sup>
+      truth hereof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This did much trouble them, and they tooke it into serious delibration,
+      and found upon examenation other evidence to give light hear unto, to
+      longe hear to relate. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time, came one of them from y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachucets, with a small pack at his back; and though he knew not a
+      foote of y<sup>e</sup> way, yet he got safe hither, but lost his way,
+      which was well for him, for he was pursued, and so was mist. He tould them
+      hear how all things stood amongst them, and that he durst stay no longer,
+      he apprehended they (by what he observed) would be all knokt in y<sup>e</sup>
+      head shortly. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span>This
+      made them make y<sup>e</sup> more hast, &amp; dispatched a boate away w<sup>th</sup>
+      Capten Standish &amp; some men, who found them in a miserable condition,
+      out of which he rescued them, and helped them to some releef, cut of some
+      few of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe conspirators, and, according to his order,
+      offered to bring them all hither if they thought good; and they should
+      fare no worse then them selves, till M<sup>r</sup>. Weston or some supplie
+      came to them. Or, if any other course liked them better, he was to doe
+      them any helpfullnes he could. They thanked him &amp; y<sup>e</sup> rest.
+      But most of them desired he would help them with some corne, and they
+      would goe with their smale ship to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, wher hapily
+      they might here of M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, or some supply from him, seing y<sup>e</sup>
+      time of y<sup>e</sup> year was for fishing ships to [95] be in y<sup>e</sup>
+      land. If not, they would worke among y<sup>e</sup> fishermen for their
+      liveing, and get ther passage into England, if they heard nothing from M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Weston in time. So they shipped what they had of any worth, and he got
+      them all y<sup>e</sup> corne he could (scarce leaving to bring him home),
+      and saw them well out of the bay, under saile at sea, and so came home,
+      not takeing y<sup>e</sup> worth of a peny of any thing that was theirs. I
+      have but touched these things breefly, because they have allready been
+      published in printe more at large.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This was y<sup>e</sup> end of these that some time bosted of their
+      strength, (being all able lustie men,) and what <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span>they would doe &amp; bring
+      to pass, in comparison of y<sup>e</sup> people hear, who had many women
+      &amp; children and weak ons amongst them; and said at their first arivall,
+      when they saw the wants hear, that they would take an other course, and
+      not to fall into shuch a condition, as this simple people were come too.
+      But a mans way is not in his owne power; God can make y<sup>e</sup> weake
+      to stand; let him also that standeth take heed least he fall.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Shortly after, M<sup>r</sup>. Weston came over with some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      fishermen, under another name, and y<sup>e</sup> disguise of a
+      blacke-smith, were he heard of y<sup>e</sup> ruine and disolution of his
+      colony. He got a boat and with a man or 2. came to see how things were.
+      But by y<sup>e</sup> way, for wante of skill, in a storme, he cast away
+      his shalop in y<sup>e</sup> botome of y<sup>e</sup> bay between Meremek
+      river &amp; Pascataquack, &amp; hardly escaped with life, and afterwards
+      fell into the hands of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, who pillaged him of all he
+      saved from the sea, &amp; striped him out of all his cloaths to his
+      shirte. At last he got to Pascataquack, &amp; borrowed a suite of cloaths,
+      and got means to come to Plimoth. A strang alteration ther was in him to
+      such as had seen &amp; known him in his former florishing condition; so
+      uncertaine are y<sup>e</sup> mutable things of this unstable world. And
+      yet men set their harts upon them, though they dayly see y<sup>e</sup>
+      vanity therof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After many passages, and much discourse, (former <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span>things boyling in his mind,
+      but bit in as was discernd,) he desired to borrow some beaver of them; and
+      tould them he had hope of a ship &amp; good supply to come to him, and
+      then they should have any thing for it they stood in neede of. They gave
+      litle credite to his supplie, but pitied his case, and remembered former
+      curtesies. They tould him he saw their wants, and they knew not when they
+      should have any supply; also how y<sup>e</sup> case stood betweene them
+      &amp; their adventurers, he well knew; they had not much bever, &amp; if
+      they should let him have it, it were enoughe to make a mutinie among y<sup>e</sup>
+      people, seeing ther was no other means to procure them foode which they so
+      much wanted, &amp; cloaths allso. Yet they tould him they would help him,
+      considering his necessitie, but must doe it secretly for y<sup>e</sup>
+      former reasons. So they let him have 100. beaver-skins, which waighed 170<sup>li</sup>.
+      odd pounds. Thus they helpt him when all y<sup>e</sup> world faild him,
+      and with this means he went againe to y<sup>e</sup> ships, and stayed his
+      small ship &amp; some of his men, &amp; bought provissions and fited him
+      selfe; and it was y<sup>e</sup> only foundation [96] of his after course.
+      But he requited them ill, for he proved after a bitter enimie unto them
+      upon all occasions, and never repayed them any thing for it, to this day,
+      but reproches and evill words. Yea, he divolged it to some that were none
+      of their best freinds, whilst he yet had y<sup>e</sup> beaver in his boat;
+      that he could now set them all togeather by <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> ears, because
+      they had done more then they could answer, in letting him have this
+      beaver, and he did not spare to doe what he could. But his malice could
+      not prevaile.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this whille no supply was heard of, neither knew they when they might
+      expecte any. So they begane to thinke how they might raise as much corne
+      as they could, and obtaine a beter crope then they had done, that they
+      might not still thus languish in miserie. At length, after much debate of
+      things, the Gov<sup>r</sup> (with y<sup>e</sup> advise of y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheefest amongest them) gave way that they should set corne every man for
+      his owne perticuler, and in that regard trust to them selves; in all other
+      things to goe on in y<sup>e</sup> generall way as before. And so assigned
+      to every family a parcell of land, according to the proportion of their
+      number for that end, only for present use (but made no devission for
+      inheritance), and ranged all boys &amp; youth under some familie. This had
+      very good success; for it made all hands very industrious, so as much more
+      corne was planted then other waise would have bene by any means y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> or any other could use, and saved him a great deall of
+      trouble, and gave farr better contente. The women now wente willingly into
+      y<sup>e</sup> feild, and tooke their litle-ons with them to set corne,
+      which before would aledg weaknes, and inabilitie; whom to have compelled
+      would have bene thought great tiranie and oppression.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The experience that was had in this com&#773;one course and condition,
+      tried sundrie years, and that amongst godly and sober men, may well evince
+      the vanitie of that conceite of Platos &amp; other ancients, applauded by
+      some of later times;&mdash;that y<sup>e</sup> taking away of propertie,
+      and bringing in com&#773;unitie into a comone wealth, would make them
+      happy and florishing; as if they were wiser then God. For this comunitie
+      (so farr as it was) was found to breed much confusion &amp; discontent,
+      and retard much imploym&#275;t that would have been to their benefite and
+      comforte. For y<sup>e</sup> yong-men that were most able and fitte for
+      labour &amp; service did repine that they should spend their time &amp;
+      streingth to worke for other mens wives and children, with out any
+      recompence. The strong, or man of parts, had no more in devission of
+      victails &amp; cloaths, then he that was weake and not able to doe a
+      quarter y<sup>e</sup> other could; this was thought injuestice. The aged
+      and graver men to be ranked and [97] equalised in labours, and victails,
+      cloaths, &amp;c., with y<sup>e</sup> meaner &amp; yonger sorte, thought it
+      some indignite &amp; disrespect unto them. And for mens wives to be
+      commanded to doe servise for other men, as dresing their meate, washing
+      their cloaths, &amp;c., they deemd it a kind of slaverie, neither could
+      many husbands well brooke it. Upon y<sup>e</sup> poynte all being to have
+      alike, and all to doe alike, they thought them selves in y<sup>e</sup>
+      like condition, and one as good as another; and so, if it did not cut of
+      those <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span>relations
+      that God hath set amongest men, yet it did at least much diminish and take
+      of y<sup>e</sup> mutuall respects that should be preserved amongst them.
+      And would have bene worse if they had been men of another condition. Let
+      none objecte this is men's corruption, and nothing to y<sup>e</sup> course
+      it selfe. I answer, seeing all men have this corruption in them, God in
+      his wisdome saw another course fiter for them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But to returne. After this course setled, and by that their cor&#773;e was
+      planted, all ther victails were spente, and they were only to rest on Gods
+      providence; at night not many times knowing wher to have a bitt of any
+      thing y<sup>e</sup> next day. And so, as one well observed, had need to
+      pray that God would give them their dayly brade, above all people in y<sup>e</sup>
+      world. Yet they bore these wants with great patience &amp; allacritie of
+      spirite, and that for so long a time as for y<sup>e</sup> most parte of 2.
+      years; which makes me remember what Peter Martire writs, (in magnifying y<sup>e</sup>
+      Spaniards) in his 5. Decade, pag. 208. <i>They</i> (saith he) <i>led a
+      miserable life for 5. days togeather, with y<sup>e</sup> parched graine of
+      maize only, and that not to saturitie</i>; and then concluds, <i>that
+      shuch pains, shuch labours, and shuch hunger, he thought none living which
+      is not a Spaniard could have endured</i>. But alass! these, when they had
+      maize (y<sup>t</sup> is, Indean corne) they thought it as good as a feast,
+      and wanted not only for 5. days togeather, but some time 2. or 3. months
+      togeather, and neither had <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165"
+      id="Page_165">[165]</a></span>bread nor any kind of corne. Indeed, in an
+      other place, in his 2. Decade, page 94. he mentions how others of them
+      were worse put to it, wher they were faine to eate doggs, toads, and dead
+      men, and so dyed almost all. From these extremities the<a
+      name="FNanchor_AY_51" id="FNanchor_AY_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_AY_51"
+      class="fnanchor">[AY]</a> Lord in his goodnes kept these his people, and
+      in their great wants preserved both their lives and healthes; let his name
+      have y<sup>e</sup> praise. Yet let me hear make use of his conclusion,
+      which in some sorte may be applied to this people: <i>That with their
+      miseries they opened a way to these new-lands; and after these stormes,
+      with what ease other men came to inhabite in them, in respecte of y<sup>e</sup>
+      calamities these men suffered; so as they seeme to goe to a bride feaste
+      wher all things are provided for them.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They haveing but one boat left and she not over well fitted, they were
+      devided into severall companies, 6. or 7. to a gangg or company, and so
+      wente out with a nett they had bought, to take bass &amp; such like fish,
+      by course, every company knowing their turne. No sooner was y<sup>e</sup>
+      boate discharged [98] of what she brought, but y<sup>e</sup> next company
+      tooke her and wente out with her. Neither did they returne till they had
+      cauight something, though it were 5. or 6. days before, for they knew ther
+      was nothing at home, and to goe home emptie would be a great
+      discouragemente to y<sup>e</sup> rest. Yea, they strive who should doe
+      best. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span>If
+      she stayed longe or got litle, then all went to seeking of shel-fish,
+      which at low-water they digged out of y<sup>e</sup> sands. And this was
+      their living in y<sup>e</sup> som&#773;er time, till God sente y<sup>m</sup>
+      beter; &amp; in winter they were helped with ground-nuts and foule. Also
+      in y<sup>e</sup> som&#773;er they gott now &amp; then a dear; for one or
+      2. of y<sup>e</sup> fitest was apoynted to range y<sup>e</sup> woods for y<sup>t</sup>
+      end, &amp; what was gott that way was devided amongst them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At length they received some leters from y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, too
+      long and tedious hear to record, by which they heard of their furder
+      crosses and frustrations; begining in this maner.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Loving freinds, as your sorrows &amp; afflictions have bin great, so our
+        croses &amp; interceptions in our proceedings hear, have not been small.
+        For after we had with much trouble &amp; charge sente y<sup>e</sup> <i>Parragon</i>
+        away to sea, and thought all y<sup>e</sup> paine past, within 14. days
+        after she came againe hither, being dangerously leaked, and brused with
+        tempestious stormes, so as shee was faine to be had into y<sup>e</sup>
+        docke, and an 100<sup>li</sup>. bestowed upon her. All y<sup>e</sup>
+        passengers lying upon our charg for 6. or 7. weeks, and much discontent
+        and distemper was occasioned hereby, so as some dangerous evente had
+        like to insewed. But we trust all shall be well and worke for y<sup>e</sup>
+        best and your benefite, if yet with patience you can waite, and but have
+        strength to hold in life. Whilst these things were doing, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Westons ship came and brought diverce leters from you, &amp;c. It
+        rejoyseth us much to hear of those good reports y<sup>t</sup> diverce
+        have brought home from you, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      These letters were dated Des. 21: 1622.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So farr of this leter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This ship was brought by M<sup>r</sup>. John Peirce, and set out at his
+      owne charge, upon hope of great maters. These passengers, &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      goods the company sent in her, he tooke in for fraught, for which they
+      agreed with him to be delivered hear. This was he in whose name their <i>first
+      patente</i> was taken, by reason of aquaintance, and some aliance that
+      some of their freinds had with him. But his name was only used in trust.
+      But when he saw they were hear hopfully thus seated, and by y<sup>e</sup>
+      success God gave them had obtained y<sup>e</sup> favour of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Counsell of New-England, he goes and sues to them for <i>another patent</i>
+      of much larger extente (in their names), which was easily obtained. But he
+      mente to keep it to him selfe and alow them what he pleased, to hold of
+      him as tenants, and sue to his courts as cheefe Lord, as will appear by
+      that which follows. But y<sup>e</sup> Lord marvelously crost him; for
+      after this first returne, and y<sup>e</sup> charge above mentioned, when
+      shee was againe fitted, he pesters him selfe and taks in more passengers,
+      and those not very good to help to bear his losses, and sets out y<sup>e</sup>
+      2. time. But [99] what y<sup>e</sup> event was will appear from another
+      leter from one of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> company, dated y<sup>e</sup>
+      9. of Aprill, 1623. writ to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> hear, as
+      followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Loving freind, when I write my last leter, I hope to have received one
+        from you well-nigh by this time. But when I write in Des: I litle
+        thought to have seen M<sup>r</sup>. John <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span>Peirce till he had brought
+        some good tidings from you. But it pleased God, he brought us y<sup>e</sup>
+        wofull tidings of his returne when he was half-way over, by extraime
+        tempest, werin y<sup>e</sup> goodnes &amp; mercie of God appeared in
+        sparing their lives, being 109. souls. The loss is so great to M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Peirce, &amp;c., and y<sup>e</sup> companie put upon so great charge, as
+        veryly, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Now with great trouble &amp; loss, we have got M<sup>r</sup>. John
+        Peirce to assigne over y<sup>e</sup> grand patente to y<sup>e</sup>
+        companie, which he had taken in his owne name, and made quite voyd our
+        former grante. I am sorie to writ how many hear thinke y<sup>t</sup> the
+        hand of God was justly against him, both y<sup>e</sup> first and 2. time
+        of his returne; in regard he, whom you and we so confidently trusted,
+        but only to use his name for y<sup>e</sup> company, should aspire to be
+        lord over us all, and so make you &amp; us tenants at his will and
+        pleasure, our assurance or patente being quite voyd &amp; disanuled by
+        his means. I desire to judg charitably of him. But his unwillingnes to
+        part with his royall Lordship, and y<sup>e</sup> high-rate he set it at,
+        which was 500<sup>li</sup>. which cost him but 50<sup>li</sup>., maks
+        many speake and judg hardly of him. The company are out for goods in his
+        ship, with charge aboute y<sup>e</sup> passengers, 640<sup>li</sup>.,
+        &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        We have agreed with 2. marchants for a ship of 140. tunes, caled y<sup>e</sup>
+        <i>Anne</i>, which is to be ready y<sup>e</sup> last of this month, to
+        bring 60. passengers &amp; 60. tune of goods, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This was dated Aprill 9. 1623.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These were ther owne words and judgmente of this mans dealing &amp;
+      proceedings; for I thought it more meete to render them in theirs then my
+      owne words. And yet though ther was never got other recompence then the
+      resignation of this patente, and y<sup>e</sup> shares he had in adventure,
+      for all y<sup>e</sup> former great sumes, he was never quiet, but sued
+      them in most of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span>courts in England, and when
+      he was still cast, brought it to y<sup>e</sup> Parlemente. But he is now
+      dead, and I will leave him to y<sup>e</sup> Lord.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This ship suffered y<sup>e</sup> greatest extreemitie at sea at her 2.
+      returne, that one shall lightly hear of, to be saved; as I have been
+      informed by M<sup>r</sup>. William Peirce who was then m<sup>r</sup>. of
+      her, and many others that were passengers in her. It was aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      <i>midle of Feb</i>: The storme was for y<sup>e</sup> most parte of 14.
+      days, but for 2. or 3. days &amp; nights togeather in most violent
+      extremitie. After they had cut downe their mast, y<sup>e</sup> storme beat
+      of their round house and all their uper works; 3. men had worke enough at
+      y<sup>e</sup> helme, and he that cund y<sup>e</sup> ship before y<sup>e</sup>
+      sea, was faine [100] to be bound fast for washing away; the seas did so
+      over-rake them, as many times those upon y<sup>e</sup> decke knew not
+      whether they were within bord or withoute; and once she was so foundered
+      in y<sup>e</sup> sea as they all thought she would never rise againe. But
+      yet y<sup>e</sup> Lord preserved them, and brought them at last safe to <i>Ports-mouth</i>,
+      to y<sup>e</sup> wonder of all men y<sup>t</sup> saw in what a case she
+      was in, and heard what they had endured.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      About y<sup>e</sup> later end of <i>June</i> came in a ship, with Captaine
+      Francis West, who had a comission to be admirall of New-England, to
+      restraine interlopers, and shuch fishing ships as came to fish &amp; trade
+      without a licence from y<sup>e</sup> Counsell of New-England, for which
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span>they
+      should pay a round sume of money. But he could doe no good of them, for
+      they were to stronge for him, and he found y<sup>e</sup> fisher men to be
+      stuberne fellows. And their owners, upon complainte made to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Parlemente, procured an order y<sup>t</sup> fishing should be free. He
+      tould y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> they spooke with a ship at sea, and
+      were abord her, y<sup>t</sup> was coming for this plantation, in which
+      were sundrie passengers, and they marvelled she was not arrived, fearing
+      some miscariage; for they lost her in a storme that fell shortly after
+      they had been abord. Which relation filled them full of fear, yet mixed
+      with hope. The m<sup>r</sup>. of this ship had some 2. &#295;&#295; of
+      pease to sell, but seeing their wants, held them at 9<sup>li</sup>.
+      sterling a hoggshead, &amp; under 8<sup>li</sup>. he would not take, and
+      yet would have beaver at an under rate. But they tould him they had lived
+      so long with out, and would doe still, rather then give so unreasonably.
+      So they went from hence to Virginia.<a name="FNanchor_AZ_52"
+      id="FNanchor_AZ_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_AZ_52" class="fnanchor">[AZ]</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      About 14. days after came in this ship, caled y<sup>e</sup> <i>Anne</i>,
+      wherof M<sup>r</sup>. William Peirce was m<sup>r</sup>., and aboute a
+      weeke or 10. days after came in y<sup>e</sup> pinass which in foule
+      weather they lost at sea, a fine new vessell of about 44. tune, which y<sup>e</sup>
+      company had builte to stay in the cuntrie. They brought about 60. persons
+      for y<sup>e</sup> generall, some of them being very usefull persons, and
+      became good members to y<sup>e</sup> body, and some were y<sup>e</sup>
+      wives and children of shuch as were hear allready. And some were so bad,
+      as they were faine to be at charge to send them home againe y<sup>e</sup>
+      next year. Also, besids these ther came a company, that did not belong to
+      y<sup>e</sup> generall body, but came one<a name="FNanchor_BA_53"
+      id="FNanchor_BA_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_BA_53" class="fnanchor">[BA]</a>
+      their perticuler, and were to have lands assigned them, and be for them
+      selves, yet to be subjecte to y<sup>e</sup> generall Goverment; <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span>which
+      caused some diferance and disturbance [101] amongst them, as will after
+      appeare. I shall hear againe take libertie to inserte a few things out of
+      shuch leters as came in this shipe, desiring rather to manefest things in
+      ther words and apprehentions, then in my owne, as much as may be, without
+      tediousness.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Beloved freinds, I kindly salute you all, with trust of your healths
+        &amp; wellfare, being right sorie y<sup>t</sup> no supplie hath been
+        made to you all this while; for defence wher of, I must referr you to
+        our generall leters. Naitheir indeed have we now sent you many things,
+        which we should &amp; would, for want of money. But persons, more then
+        inough, (though not all we should,) for people come flying in upon us,
+        but monys come creeping in to us. Some few of your old freinds are come,
+        as, &amp;c. So they come droping to you, and by degrees, I hope ere long
+        you shall enjoye them all. And because people press so hard upon us to
+        goe, and often shuch as are none of y<sup>e</sup> fitest, I pray you
+        write ernestly to y<sup>e</sup> Treasurer and directe what persons
+        should be sente. It greeveth me to see so weake a company sent you, and
+        yet had I not been hear they had been weaker. You must still call upon
+        the company hear to see y<sup>t</sup> honest men be sente you, and
+        threaten to send them back if any other come, &amp;c. We are not any way
+        so much in danger, as by corrupte an noughty persons. Shuch, and shuch,
+        came without my consente; but y<sup>e</sup> importunitie of their
+        freinds got promise of our Treasurer in my absence. Neither is ther need
+        we should take any lewd men, for we may have honest men enew, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your assured freind,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">R. C.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The following was from y<sup>e</sup> genrall.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Loving freinds, we most hartily salute you in all love and harty
+        affection; being yet in hope y<sup>t</sup> the same God which hath
+        hithertoo preserved you in a marvelous maner, doth yet continue your
+        lives and health, to his owne praise and all our comforts. Being right
+        sory that you have not been sent unto all this time, &amp;c. We have in
+        this ship sent shuch women, as were willing and ready to goe to their
+        husbands and freinds, with their children, &amp;c. We would not have you
+        discontente, because we have not sent you more of your old freinds, and
+        in speciall, him<a name="FNanchor_BB_54" id="FNanchor_BB_54"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_BB_54" class="fnanchor">[BB]</a> on whom you most
+        depend. Farr be it from us to neclecte you, or contemne him. But as y<sup>e</sup>
+        intente was at first, so y<sup>e</sup> evente at last shall shew it,
+        that we will deal fairly, and squarly answer your expectations to the
+        full. Ther are also come unto you, some honest men to plant upon their
+        particulers besids you. A thing which if we should not give way unto, we
+        should wrong both them and you. Them, by puting them on things more
+        inconveniente, and you, for that being honest men, they will be a
+        strengthening to y<sup>e</sup> place, and good neighbours [102] unto
+        you. Tow things we would advise you of, which we have likwise signified
+        them hear. First, y<sup>e</sup> trade for skins to be retained for the
+        generall till y<sup>e</sup> devidente; 2<sup>ly</sup>. y<sup>t</sup>
+        their setling by you, be with shuch distance of place as is neither
+        inconvenient for y<sup>e</sup> lying of your lands, nor hurtfull to your
+        speedy &amp; easie assembling togeather.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        We have sente you diverse fisher men, with salte, &amp;c. Diverse other
+        provissions we have sente you, as will appear in your bill of lading,
+        and though we have not sent all we would (because our cash is small),
+        yet it is y<sup>t</sup> we could, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        And allthough it seemeth you have discovered many more rivers and
+        fertill grounds then y<sup>t</sup> wher you are, yet seeing by <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span>Gods
+        providence y<sup>t</sup> place fell to you<sup>r</sup> lote, let it be
+        accounted as your portion; and rather fixe your eyes upon that which may
+        be done ther, then languish in hops after things els-wher. If your place
+        be not y<sup>e</sup> best, it is better, you shall be y<sup>e</sup> less
+        envied and encroached upon; and shuch as are earthly minded, will not
+        setle too near your border.<a name="FNanchor_BC_55" id="FNanchor_BC_55"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_BC_55" class="fnanchor">[BC]</a> If y<sup>e</sup> land
+        afford you bread, and y<sup>e</sup> sea yeeld you fish, rest you a while
+        contented, God will one day afford you better fare. And all men shall
+        know you are neither fugetives nor discontents. But can, if God so order
+        it, take y<sup>e</sup> worst to your selves, with content,<a
+        name="FNanchor_BD_56" id="FNanchor_BD_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_BD_56"
+        class="fnanchor">[BD]</a> &amp; leave y<sup>e</sup> best to your
+        neighbours, with cherfullnes.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Let it not be greeveous unto you y<sup>t</sup> you have been instruments
+        to breake y<sup>e</sup> ise for others who come after with less
+        dificulty, the honour shall be yours to y<sup>e</sup> worlds end, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        We bear you always in our brests, and our harty affection is towards you
+        all, as are y<sup>e</sup> harts of hundreds more which never saw your
+        faces, who doubtles pray for your saftie as their owne, as we our selves
+        both doe &amp; ever shall, that y<sup>e</sup> same God which hath so
+        marvelously preserved you from seas, foes, and famine, will still
+        preserve you from all future dangers, and make you honourable amongst
+        men, and glorious in blise at y<sup>e</sup> last day. And so y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord be with you all &amp; send us joyfull news from you, and inable us
+        with one shoulder so to accomplish &amp; perfecte this worke, as much
+        glorie may come to Him y<sup>t</sup> confoundeth y<sup>e</sup> mighty by
+        the weak, and maketh small thinges great. To whose greatnes, be all
+        glorie for ever &amp; ever.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This leter was subscribed with 13. of their names.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These passengers, when they saw their low &amp; poore condition a shore,
+      were much danted and dismayed, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175"
+      id="Page_175">[175]</a></span>and according to their diverse humores were
+      diversly affected; some wished them selves in England againe; others fell
+      a weeping, fancying their own miserie in what y<sup>ey</sup> saw now in
+      others; other some pitying the distress they saw their freinds had been
+      long in, and still were under; in a word, all were full of sadnes. Only
+      some of their old freinds rejoysed to see them, and y<sup>t</sup> it was
+      no worse with them, for they could not expecte it should be better, and
+      now hoped they should injoye better days togeather. And truly it was [103]
+      no marvell they should be thus affected, for they were in a very low
+      condition, many were ragged in aparell, &amp; some litle beter then halfe
+      naked; though some y<sup>t</sup> were well stord before, were well enough
+      in this regard. But for food they were all alike, save some y<sup>t</sup>
+      had got a few pease of y<sup>e</sup> ship y<sup>t</sup> was last hear. The
+      best dish they could presente their freinds with was a lobster, or a peece
+      of fish, without bread or any thing els but a cupp of fair spring water.
+      And y<sup>e</sup> long continuance of this diate, and their labours
+      abroad, had something abated y<sup>e</sup> freshnes of their former
+      complexion. But God gave them health and strength in a good measure; and
+      shewed them by experience y<sup>e</sup> truth of y<sup>t</sup> word, Deut.
+      8. 3. <i>Y<sup>t</sup> man liveth not by bread only, but by every word y<sup>t</sup>
+      proceedeth out of y<sup>e</sup> mouth of y<sup>e</sup> Lord doth a man
+      live.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When I think how sadly y<sup>e</sup> scripture speaks of the famine in
+      Jaakobs time, when he said to his sonns, <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span>Goe buy us food, that we may
+      live and not dye. Gen. 42. 2. and 43. 1, that the famine was great, or
+      heavie in the land; and yet they had such great herds, and store of catle
+      of sundrie kinds, which, besids flesh, must needs produse other food, as
+      milke, butter &amp; cheese, &amp;c., and yet it was counted a sore
+      affliction; theirs hear must needs be very great, therfore, who not only
+      wanted the staffe of bread, but all these things, and had no Egipte to goe
+      too. But God fedd them out of y<sup>e</sup> sea for y<sup>e</sup> most
+      parte, so wonderfull is his providence over his in all ages; for his
+      mercie endureth for ever.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On y<sup>e</sup> other hand the old planters were affraid that their
+      corne, when it was ripe, should be imparted to y<sup>e</sup> new-com&#773;ers,
+      whose provissions w<sup>ch</sup> they brought with them they feared would
+      fall short before y<sup>e</sup> year wente aboute (as indeed it did). They
+      came to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> and besought him that as it was
+      before agreed that they should set corne for their perticuler, and
+      accordingly they had taken extraordinary pains ther aboute, that they
+      might freely injoye the same, and they would not have a bitte of y<sup>e</sup>
+      victails now come, but waite till harvest for their owne, and let y<sup>e</sup>
+      new-com&#773;ers injoye what they had brought; they would have none of it,
+      excepte they could purchase any of it of them by bargaine or exchainge.
+      Their requeste was granted them, for it gave both sides good contente; for
+      y<sup>e</sup> new-com&#773;ers were as much afraid that y<sup>e</sup>
+      hungrie <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span>planters
+      would have eat up y<sup>e</sup> provissions brought, and they should have
+      fallen into y<sup>e</sup> like condition.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This ship was in a shorte time laden with clapbord, by y<sup>e</sup> help
+      of many hands. Also they sente in her all y<sup>e</sup> beaver and other
+      furrs they had, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was sent over with her, to
+      informe of all things, and procure such things as were thought needfull
+      for their presente condition. By this time harvest was come, and in stead
+      of famine, now God gave them plentie, and y<sup>e</sup> face of things was
+      changed, to y<sup>e</sup> rejoysing of y<sup>e</sup> harts of many, for
+      which they blessed God. And y<sup>e</sup> effect of their particuler
+      planting was well seene, for all had, one way &amp; other, pretty well to
+      bring y<sup>e</sup> year aboute, and some of y<sup>e</sup> abler sorte and
+      more [104] industrious had to spare, and sell to others, so as any
+      generall wante or famine hath not been amongst them since to this day.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Those that come on their perticuler looked for greater matters then they
+      found or could attaine unto, aboute building great houses, and such
+      pleasant situations for them, as them selves had fancied; as if they would
+      be great men &amp; rich, all of a sudaine; but they proved castls in y<sup>e</sup>
+      aire. These were y<sup>e</sup> conditions agreed on betweene y<sup>e</sup>
+      colony and them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      First, that y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>, in y<sup>e</sup> name and with
+      y<sup>e</sup> consente of y<sup>e</sup> company, doth in all love and
+      frendship receive and imbrace them; and is to allote them competente
+      places for habitations within y<sup>e</sup> towne. And promiseth <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span>to shew
+      them all such other curtesies as shall be reasonable for them to desire,
+      or us to performe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      2. That they, on their parts, be subjecte to all such laws &amp; orders as
+      are already made, or hear after shall be, for y<sup>e</sup> publick good.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      3. That they be freed and exempte from y<sup>e</sup> generall imployments
+      of the said company, (which their presente condition of comunitie
+      requireth,) excepte commune defence, &amp; such other imployments as tend
+      to y<sup>e</sup> perpetuall good of y<sup>e</sup> collony.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      4<sup>ly</sup>. Towards y<sup>e</sup> maintenance of Gov&#771;<sup>rt</sup>,
+      &amp; publick officers of y<sup>e</sup> said collony, every male above y<sup>e</sup>
+      age of 16. years shall pay a bushell of Indean wheat, or y<sup>e</sup>
+      worth of it, into y<sup>e</sup> commone store.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      5<sup>ly</sup>. That (according to y<sup>e</sup> agreemente y<sup>e</sup>
+      marchants made with y<sup>m</sup> before they came) they are to be wholy
+      debared from all trade with the Indeans for all sorts of furrs, and such
+      like commodities, till y<sup>e</sup> time of y<sup>e</sup> comunallitie be
+      ended.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      About y<sup>e</sup> midle of September arrived Captaine Robart Gorges in y<sup>e</sup>
+      Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, with sundrie passengers and families,
+      intending ther to begine a plantation; and pitched upon y<sup>e</sup>
+      place M<sup>r</sup>. Weston's people had forsaken. He had a com&#773;ission
+      from y<sup>e</sup> Counsell of New-England, to be generall Gove<sup>r</sup>
+      of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie, and they appoynted for his counsell &amp;
+      assistance, Captaine Francis West, y<sup>e</sup> aforesaid admirall,
+      Christopher Levite, Esquire, and y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> of Plimoth
+      for <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      time beeing, etc. Allso, they gave him authoritie to chuse such other as
+      he should find fit. Allso, they gave (by their com&#773;ission) full power
+      to him and his assistants, or any 3. of them, wherof him selfe was allway
+      to be one, to doe and execute what to them should seeme good, in all
+      cases, Capitall, Criminall, and Civill, etc., with diverce other
+      instructions. Of which, and his comission, it pleased him to suffer y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> hear to take a coppy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He gave them notice of his arivall by letter, but before they could visite
+      him he went to y<sup>e</sup> eastward with y<sup>e</sup> ship he came in;
+      but a storme arising, (and they wanting a good pilot to harbor them in
+      those parts,) they bore up for this harbor. He and his men were hear
+      kindly entertained; he stayed hear 14. days. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time
+      came in M<sup>r</sup>. Weston with his small ship, which he had now
+      recovered. [105<a name="FNanchor_BE_57" id="FNanchor_BE_57"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_BE_57" class="fnanchor">[BE]</a>] Captaine Gorges tooke
+      hold of y<sup>e</sup> opportunitie, and acquainted y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      hear, that one occasion of his going to y<sup>e</sup> eastward was to
+      meete with M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, and call him to accounte for some abuses
+      he had to lay to his charge. Wherupon he called him before him, and some
+      other of his assistants, with y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> of this place;
+      and charged him, first, with y<sup>e</sup> ille carriage of his men at y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusets; by which means the peace of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie was
+      disturbed, and him selfe and the people which he had brought over to
+      plante in that <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span>bay
+      were therby much prejudised. To this M<sup>r</sup>. Weston easily
+      answered, that what was that way done, was in his absence, and might have
+      befalen any man; he left them sufficently provided, and conceived they
+      would have been well governed; and for any errour com&#773;itted he had
+      sufficiently smarted. This particuler was passed by. A 2<sup>d</sup>. was,
+      for an abuse done to his father, S<sup>r</sup>. Ferdenando Gorges, and to
+      y<sup>e</sup> State. The thing was this; he used him &amp; others of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Counsell of New-England, to procure him a licence for y<sup>e</sup>
+      transporting of many peeces of great ordnance for New-England, pretending
+      great fortification hear in y<sup>e</sup> countrie, &amp; I know not what
+      shipping. The which when he had obtained, he went and sould them beyond
+      seas for his private profite; for which (he said) y<sup>e</sup> State was
+      much offended, and his father suffered a shrowd check, and he had order to
+      apprehend him for it. M<sup>r</sup>. Weston excused it as well as he
+      could, but could not deney it; it being one maine thing (as was said) for
+      which he with-drew himself. But after many passages, by y<sup>e</sup>
+      mediation of y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> and some other freinds hear, he
+      was inclined to gentlnes (though he aprehended y<sup>e</sup> abuse of his
+      father deeply); which, when M<sup>r</sup>. Weston saw, he grew more
+      presumptuous, and gave such provocking &amp; cutting speches, as made him
+      rise up in great indignation &amp; distemper, and vowed y<sup>t</sup> he
+      would either curb him, or send him home for England. At which M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Weston was something danted, and came <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span>privatly to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> hear, to know whether they would suffer Captaine Gorges to
+      apprehend him. He was tould they could not hinder him, but much blamed
+      him, y<sup>t</sup> after they had pacified things, he should thus breake
+      out, by his owne folly &amp; rashnes, to bring trouble upon him selfe
+      &amp; them too. He confest it was his passion, and prayd y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      to entreat for him, and pacifie him if he could. The which at last he did,
+      with much adoe; so he was called againe, and y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      was contente to take his owne bond to be ready to make further answer,
+      when either he or y<sup>e</sup> lords should send for him. And at last he
+      tooke only his word, and ther was a fre&#299;dly parting on all hands.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But after he was gone, M<sup>r</sup>. Weston in lue of thanks to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> and his freinds hear, gave them this quib (behind their
+      baks) for all their pains. That though they were but yonge justices, yet
+      they wear good beggers. Thus they parted at this time, and shortly after y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> tooke his leave and went to y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets by
+      land, being very thankfull for his kind entertainemente. The ship stayed
+      hear, and fitted her selfe to goe for Virginia, having some passengers
+      ther to deliver; and with her returned sundrie of those from hence which
+      came over on their perticuler, some out of discontente and dislike of y<sup>e</sup>
+      cuntrie; others by reason of a fire that broke out, and burnt y<sup>e</sup>
+      houses they lived in, and all their provisions [106<a name="FNanchor_BF_58"
+      id="FNanchor_BF_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_BF_58" class="fnanchor">[BF]</a>]
+      so as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span>they
+      were necessitated therunto. This fire was occasioned by some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      sea-men that were roystering in a house wher it first begane, makeing a
+      great fire in very could weather, which broke out of y<sup>e</sup> chimney
+      into y<sup>e</sup> thatch, and burnte downe 3. or 4. houses, and consumed
+      all y<sup>e</sup> goods &amp; provissions in y<sup>m</sup>. The house in
+      which it begane was right against their store-house, which they had much
+      adoe to save, in which were their com&#773;one store &amp; all their
+      provissions; y<sup>e</sup> which if it had been lost, y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation had been over-throwne. But through Gods mercie it was saved by
+      y<sup>e</sup> great dilligence of y<sup>e</sup> people, &amp; care of the
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> &amp; some aboute him. Some would have had y<sup>e</sup>
+      goods throwne out; but if they had, ther would much have been stolne by
+      the rude company y<sup>t</sup> belonged to these 2. ships, which were
+      allmost all ashore. But a trusty company was plased within, as well as
+      those that with wet-cloaths &amp; other means kept of y<sup>e</sup> fire
+      without, that if necessitie required they might have them out with all
+      speed. For y<sup>ey</sup> suspected some malicious dealling, if not plaine
+      treacherie, and whether it was only suspition or no, God knows; but this
+      is certaine, that when y<sup>e</sup> tumulte was greatest, ther was a
+      voyce heard (but from whom it was not knowne) that bid them looke well
+      aboute them, for all were not freinds y<sup>t</sup> were near them. And
+      shortly after, when the vemencie of y<sup>e</sup> fire was over, smoke was
+      seen to arise within a shed y<sup>t</sup> was joynd to y<sup>e</sup> end
+      of y<sup>e</sup> storehouse, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183"
+      id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>which was watled up with bowes, in y<sup>e</sup>
+      withered leaves wherof y<sup>e</sup> fire was kindled, which some, run&#773;ing
+      to quench, found a longe firebrand of an ell longe, lying under y<sup>e</sup>
+      wale on y<sup>e</sup> inside, which could not possibly come their by
+      cassualtie, but must be laid ther by some hand, in y<sup>e</sup> judgmente
+      of all that saw it. But God kept them from this deanger, what ever was
+      intended.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Shortly after Captaine Gorges, y<sup>e</sup> generall Gov<sup>r</sup>, was
+      come home to y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, he sends a warrante to arrest M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Weston &amp; his ship, and sends a m<sup>r</sup>. to bring her away
+      thither, and one Captain Hanson (that belonged to him) to conducte him
+      along. The Gov<sup>r</sup> &amp; others hear were very sory to see him
+      take this course, and tooke exception at y<sup>e</sup> warrante, as not
+      legall nor sufficiente; and withall write to him to disswade him from this
+      course, shewing him y<sup>t</sup> he would but entangle and burthen him
+      selfe in doing this; for he could not doe M<sup>r</sup>. Weston a better
+      turne, (as things stood with him); for he had a great many men that
+      belonged to him in this barke, and was deeply ingaged to them for wages,
+      and was in a man&#773;er out of victails (<i>and now winter</i>); all
+      which would light upon him, if he did arrest his barke. In y<sup>e</sup>
+      mean time M<sup>r</sup>. Weston had notice to shift for him selfe; but it
+      was conceived he either knew not whither to goe, or how to mend him selfe,
+      but was rather glad of y<sup>e</sup> occasion, and so stirred not. But y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> would not be perswaded, but <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>[107] sent a very formall
+      warrente under his hand &amp; seall, with strict charge as they would
+      answere it to y<sup>e</sup> state; he also write that he had better
+      considered of things since he was hear, and he could not answer it to let
+      him goe so; besids other things that were come to his knowledg since,
+      which he must answer too. So he was suffered to proceede, but he found in
+      the end that to be true that was tould him; for when an inventorie was
+      taken of what was in y<sup>e</sup> ship, ther was not vitailes found for
+      above 14. days, at a pare allowance, and not much else of any great worth,
+      &amp; the men did so crie out of him for wages and diate, in y<sup>e</sup>
+      mean time, as made him soone weary. So as in conclusion it turned to his
+      loss, and y<sup>e</sup> expence of his owne provissions; and <i>towards
+      the spring</i> they came to agreement, (after they had bene to y<sup>e</sup>
+      eastward,) and y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> restord him his vessell
+      againe, and made him satisfaction, in bisket, meal, and such like
+      provissions, for what he had made use of that was his, or what his men had
+      any way wasted or consumed. So M<sup>r</sup>. Weston came hither againe,
+      and afterward shaped his course for Virginie, &amp; so for present I shall
+      leave him.<a name="FNanchor_BG_59" id="FNanchor_BG_59"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_BG_59" class="fnanchor">[BG]</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Gov<sup>r</sup> and some y<sup>t</sup> depended upon him returned for
+      England, haveing scarcly saluted y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie in his Govermente,
+      not finding the state of things hear to <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span>answer his quallitie &amp;
+      condition. The peopl dispersed them selves, some went for England, others
+      for Virginia, some few remained, and were helped with supplies from hence.
+      The Gov<sup>r</sup> brought over a minister with him, one M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Morell, who, about a year after y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> returned,
+      tooke shipping from hence. He had I know not what power and authority of
+      superintendancie over other churches granted him, and sundrie instructions
+      for that end; but he never shewed it, or made any use of it; (it should
+      seeme he saw it was in vaine;) he only speake of it to some hear at his
+      going away. This was in effect y<sup>e</sup> end of a 2. plantation in
+      that place. Ther were allso this year some scatering beginings made in
+      other places, as at Paskataway, by M<sup>r</sup>. David Thomson, at
+      Monhigen, and some other places by sundrie others.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It rests now y<sup>t</sup> I speake a word aboute y<sup>e</sup> pin&#773;ass
+      spoken of before, which was sent by y<sup>e</sup> adventurers to be
+      imployed in y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie. She was a fine vessell, and bravely set
+      out,<a name="FNanchor_BH_60" id="FNanchor_BH_60"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_BH_60" class="fnanchor">[BH]</a> and I fear y<sup>e</sup>
+      adventurers did over pride them selves in her, for she had ill success.
+      How ever, they erred grosly in tow things aboute her; first, though she
+      had a sufficiente maister, yet she was rudly man&#773;ed, and all her men
+      were upon shars, and none was to have any wages but y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>.
+      2<sup>ly</sup>, wheras they mainly lookt at trade, they had sent nothing
+      of any value to trade with. When the men came hear, and mette with <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span>ill
+      counsell from M<sup>r</sup>. Weston &amp; his crue, with others of y<sup>e</sup>
+      same stampe, neither m<sup>r</sup>. nor Gov<sup>r</sup> could scarce rule
+      [108] them, for they exclaimed that they were abused &amp; deceived, for
+      they were tould they should goe for a man of warr, and take I know not
+      whom, French &amp; Spaniards, &amp;c. They would neither trade nor fish,
+      excepte they had wages; in fine, they would obey no com&#773;and of y<sup>e</sup>
+      maisters; so it was apprehended they would either rune away with y<sup>e</sup>
+      vessell, or get away w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> ships, and leave her; so
+      as M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce &amp; others of their freinds perswaded the Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      to chaing their condition, and give them wages; which was accordingly
+      done. And she was sente about y<sup>e</sup> Cape to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Narigansets to trade, but they made but a poore vioage of it. Some corne
+      and beaver they got, but y<sup>e</sup> Dutch used to furnish them with
+      cloath &amp; better com&#773;odities, they haveing only a few beads &amp;
+      knives, which were not ther much esteemed. Allso, in her returne home, at
+      y<sup>e</sup> very entrance into ther owne harbore, she had like to have
+      been cast away in a storme, and was forced to cut her maine mast by y<sup>e</sup>
+      bord, to save herselfe from driving on y<sup>e</sup> flats that lye
+      without, caled Browns Ilands, the force of y<sup>e</sup> wind being so
+      great as made her anchors give way and she drive right upon them; but her
+      mast &amp; takling being gone, they held her till y<sup>e</sup> wind
+      shifted. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1624" id="a1624"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1624.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The time of new election of ther officers for this year being come, and<a
+      name="FNanchor_BI_61" id="FNanchor_BI_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_BI_61"
+      class="fnanchor">[BI]</a> y<sup>e</sup> number of their people increased,
+      and their troubls and occasions therwith, the Gov<sup>r</sup> desired them
+      to chainge y<sup>e</sup> persons, as well as renew y<sup>e</sup> election;
+      and also to adde more Assistans to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> for help
+      &amp; counsell, and y<sup>e</sup> better carrying on of affairs. Showing
+      that it was necessarie it should be so. If it was any honour or benefite,
+      it was fitte others should be made pertakers of it; if it was a burthen,
+      (as doubtles it was,) it was but equall others should help to bear it; and
+      y<sup>t</sup> this was y<sup>e</sup> end of An&#773;uall Elections. The
+      issue was, that as before ther was but one Assistante, they now chose 5.
+      giving the Gov<sup>r</sup> a duble voyce; and aftwards they increased them
+      to 7. which course hath continued to this day.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They having with some truble &amp; charge new-masted and rigged their
+      pinass, in y<sup>e</sup> begining of March they sent her well vitaled to
+      the eastward on fishing. She arrived safly at a place near Damarins cove,
+      and was there well harbored in a place wher ships used to ride, ther being
+      also some ships allready arived out of England. But shortly after ther
+      [109] arose such a violent &amp; extraordinarie storme, as y<sup>e</sup>
+      seas broak over such places in y<sup>e</sup> harbor as was never seene
+      before, and drive her against great roks, which beat such <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span>a hole in
+      her bulke, as a horse and carte might have gone in, and after drive her
+      into deep-water, wher she lay sunke. The m<sup>r</sup>. was drowned, the
+      rest of y<sup>e</sup> men, all save one, saved their lives, with much a
+      doe; all her provision, salt, and what els was in her, was lost. And here
+      I must leave her to lye till afterward.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Some of those that still remained hear on their perticuler, begane
+      privatly to nurish a faction, and being privie to a strong faction that
+      was among y<sup>e</sup> adventurers in England, on whom sundry of them did
+      depend, by their private whispering they drew some of the weaker sorte of
+      y<sup>e</sup> company to their side, and so filld them with discontente,
+      as nothing would satisfie them excepte they might be suffered to be in
+      their perticuler allso; and made great offers, so they might be freed from
+      y<sup>e</sup> generall. The Gov<sup>r</sup> consulting with y<sup>e</sup>
+      ablest of y<sup>e</sup> generall body what was best to be done hear in, it
+      was resolved to permitte them so to doe, upon equall conditions. The
+      conditions were the same in effect with y<sup>e</sup> former before
+      related. Only some more added, as that they should be bound here to
+      remaine till y<sup>e</sup> generall partnership was ended. And also that
+      they should pay into y<sup>e</sup> store, y<sup>e</sup> on halfe of all
+      such goods and comodities as they should any waise raise above their food,
+      in consideration of what charg had been layed out for them, with some such
+      like things. This liberty granted, soone stopt this gape, for ther was but
+      a few that undertooke this course when it <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span>came too; and they were as
+      sone weary of it. For the other had perswaded them, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Weston togeather, that ther would never come more supply to y<sup>e</sup>
+      generall body; but y<sup>e</sup> perticulers had such freinds as would
+      carry all, and doe for them I know not what.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Shortly after, M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow came over, and brought a prety good
+      supply, and the ship came on fishing, a thing fatall to this plantation.
+      He brought 3. heifers &amp; a bull, the first begining of any catle of
+      that kind in y<sup>e</sup> land, with some cloathing &amp; other
+      necessaries, as will further appear; but withall y<sup>e</sup> reporte of
+      a strong faction amongst y<sup>e</sup> adventurers[BJ] against them, and
+      espetially against y<sup>e</sup> coming of y<sup>e</sup> rest from Leyden,
+      and with what difficulty this supply was procured, and how, by their
+      strong &amp; long opposision, bussines was so retarded as not only they
+      were now falne too late for y<sup>e</sup> fishing season, but the best men
+      were taken up of y<sup>e</sup> fishermen in the west countrie, and he was
+      forct to take such a m<sup>r</sup>. &amp; company for that imployment as
+      he could procure upon y<sup>e</sup> present. Some letters from them shall
+      beter declare these things, being as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        [110] Most worthy &amp; loving freinds, your kind &amp; loving leters I
+        have received, and render you many thanks, &amp;c. It hath plased God to
+        stirre up y<sup>e</sup> harts of our adventurers<a name="FNanchor_BJ_62"
+        id="FNanchor_BJ_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_BJ_62" class="fnanchor">[BJ]</a>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span>to
+        raise a new stock for the seting forth of this shipe, caled the
+        Charitie, with men &amp; necessaries, both for the plantation and the
+        fishing, though accomplished with very great difficulty; in regard we
+        have some amongst us which undoubtedly aime more at their owne private
+        ends, and the thwarting &amp; opposing of some hear, and other worthy
+        instruments,<a name="FNanchor_BK_63" id="FNanchor_BK_63"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_BK_63" class="fnanchor">[BK]</a> of Gods glory elswher,
+        then at the generall good and furtherance of this noble &amp; laudable
+        action. Yet againe we have many other, and I hope the greatest parte,
+        very honest Christian men, which I am perswaded their ends and intents
+        are wholy for the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the propagation of
+        his gospell, and hope of gaining those poore salvages to the knowledg of
+        God. But, as we have a proverbe, One scabed sheep may marr a whole
+        flock, so these malecontented persons, &amp; turbulente spirits, doe
+        what in them lyeth to withdraw mens harts from you and your freinds,
+        yea, even from the generall bussines; and yet under show and pretence of
+        godlynes and furtherance of the plantation. Wheras the quite contrary
+        doth plainly appeare; as some of the honester harted men (though of late
+        of their faction) did make manifest at our late meeting. But what should
+        I trouble you or my selfe with these restles opposers of all goodnes,
+        and I doubte will be continuall disturbers of our frendly meetings &amp;
+        love. On Thurs-day the 8. of Jan: we had a meeting aboute the artickls
+        betweene you &amp; us; wher they would rejecte that, which we in our
+        late leters prest you to grante, (an addition to the time of our joynt
+        stock). And their reason which they would make known to us was, it
+        trobled their conscience to exacte longer time of you then was agreed
+        upon at the first. But that night they were so followed and crost of
+        their perverse courses, as they were even wearied, and offered to sell
+        their adventurs; and some were willing to buy. But I, doubting they
+        would raise more scandale and false <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span>reports, and so diverse
+        waise doe us more hurt, by going of in such a furie, then they could or
+        can by continuing adventurers amongst us, would not suffer them. But on
+        y<sup>e</sup> 12. of Jan: we had another meting, but in the interime
+        diverse of us had talked with most of them privatly, and had great
+        combats &amp; reasoning, pro &amp; con. But at night when we mete to
+        read y<sup>e</sup> generall letter, we had y<sup>e</sup> loveingest and
+        frendlyest meeting that ever I knew<a name="FNanchor_BL_64"
+        id="FNanchor_BL_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_BL_64" class="fnanchor">[BL]</a>
+        and our greatest enemise offered to lend us 50<sub>li</sub>. So I sent
+        for a potle of wine, (I would you could<a name="FNanchor_BM_65"
+        id="FNanchor_BM_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_BM_65" class="fnanchor">[BM]</a>
+        doe y<sup>e</sup> like,) which we dranke freindly together. Thus God can
+        turne y<sup>e</sup> harts of men when it pleaseth him, &amp;c. Thus
+        loving freinds, I hartily salute you all in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, hoping
+        ever to rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Yours to my power,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Jan: 25. 1623.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        [111] <i>Another leter.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Beloved S<sup>r</sup>., &amp;c. We have now sent you, we hope, men &amp;
+        means, to setle these 3. things, viz. fishing, salt making, and boat
+        making; if you can bring them to pass to some perfection, your wants may
+        be supplyed. I pray you bend you selfe what you can to setle these
+        bussinesses. Let y<sup>e</sup> ship be fraught away as soone as you can,
+        and sent to Bilbow. You must send some discreete man for factore, whom,
+        once more, you must also authorise to confirme y<sup>e</sup> conditions.
+        If M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow could be spared, I could wish he came <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span>againe.
+        This ship carpenter is thought to be the fittest man for you in the
+        land, and will no doubte doe you much good. Let him have an absolute
+        comand over his servants &amp; such as you put to him. Let him build you
+        2. catches, a lighter, and some 6. or 7. shalops, as soone as you can.
+        The salt-man is a skillfull &amp; industrious man, put some to him, that
+        may quickly apprehende y<sup>e</sup> misterie of it. The preacher we
+        have sent is (we hope) an honest plaine man, though none of y<sup>e</sup>
+        most eminente and rare. Aboute chusing him into office use your owne
+        liberty &amp; discretion; he knows he is no officer amongst you, though
+        perhaps custome &amp; universalitie may make him forget him selfe. M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Winslow &amp; my selfe gave way to his going, to give contente to some
+        hear, and we see no hurt in it, but only his great charge of children.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        We have tooke a patente for Cap Anne, &amp;c. I am sory ther is no more
+        discretion used by some in their leters hither.<a name="FNanchor_BN_66"
+        id="FNanchor_BN_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_BN_66" class="fnanchor">[BN]</a>
+        Some say you are starved in body &amp; soule; others, y<sup>t</sup> you
+        eate piggs &amp; doggs, that dye alone; others, that y<sup>e</sup>
+        things hear spoaken of, y<sup>e</sup> goodnes of y<sup>e</sup> cuntry,
+        are gross and palpable lyes; that ther is scarce a foule to be seene, or
+        a fish to be taken, and many such like. I would such discontented men
+        were hear againe, for it is a miserie when y<sup>e</sup> whole state of
+        a plantation shall be thus exposed to y<sup>e</sup> passionate humors of
+        some discontented men. And for my selfe I shall hinder for hearafter
+        some y<sup>t</sup> would goe, and have not better composed their
+        affections; mean space it is all our crosses, and we must bear them.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        I am sorie we have not sent you more and other things, but in truth we
+        have rune into so much charge, to victaile y<sup>e</sup> ship, provide
+        salte &amp; other fishing implements, &amp;c. as we could not provid
+        other comfortable things, as buter, suger, &amp;c. I hope the returne of
+        this ship, and the James, will <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193"
+        id="Page_193">[193]</a></span>put us in cash againe. The Lord make you
+        full of courage in this troublesome bussines, which now must be stuck
+        unto, till God give us rest from our labours. Fare well in all harty
+        affection.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your assured friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">R. C.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Jan: 24. 1623.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      With y<sup>e</sup> former letter write by M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, there
+      were sente sundrie objections concerning which he thus writeth. "These are
+      the cheefe objections which they [112] that are now returned make against
+      you and the countrie. I pray you consider them, and answer them by the
+      first conveniencie." These objections were made by some of those that came
+      over on their perticuler and were returned home, as is before mentioned,
+      and were of y<sup>e</sup> same suite with those y<sup>t</sup> this other
+      letter mentions.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I shall here set them downe, with y<sup>e</sup> answers then made unto
+      them, and sent over at y<sup>e</sup> returne of this ship; which did so
+      confound y<sup>e</sup> objecters, as some confessed their falte, and
+      others deneyed what they had said, and eate their words, &amp; some others
+      of them have since come over againe and heere lived to convince them
+      selves sufficiently, both in their owne &amp; other mens judgments.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      1. obj. was diversitie aboute Religion. Ans: We know no such matter, for
+      here was never any controversie or opposition, either publicke or private,
+      (to our knowledg,) since we came.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      2. ob: Neglecte of familie duties, one y<sup>e</sup> Lords day.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans. We allow no such thing, but blame it in our selves &amp; others; and
+      they that thus reporte it, should have shewed their Christian love the
+      more if they had in love tould y<sup>e</sup> offenders of it, rather then
+      thus to reproach them behind their baks. But (to say no more) we wish them
+      selves had given better example.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      3. ob: Wante of both the sacrements.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans. The more is our greefe, that our pastor is kept from us, by whom we
+      might injoye them; for we used to have the Lords Supper every Saboth, and
+      baptisme as often as ther was occasion of children to baptise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      4. ob: Children not catechised nor taught to read.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: Neither is true; for diverse take pains with their owne as they can;
+      indeede, we have no com&#773;one schoole for want of a fitt person, or
+      hithertoo means to maintaine one; though we desire now to begine.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      5. ob: Many of y<sup>e</sup> perticuler members of y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation will not work for y<sup>e</sup> generall.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: This allso is not wholy true; for though some doe it not willingly,
+      &amp; other not honestly, yet all doe it; and he that doth worst gets his
+      owne foode &amp; something besids. But we will not excuse them, but labour
+      to reforme them y<sup>e</sup> best we cane, or else to quitte y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation of them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      6. ob: The water is not wholsome.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: If they mean, not so wholsome as y<sup>e</sup> good <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span>beere and
+      wine in London, (which they so dearly love,) we will not dispute with
+      them; but els, for water, it is as good as any in the world, (for ought we
+      knowe,) and it is wholsome enough to us that can be contente therwith.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      7. ob: The ground is barren and doth bear no grasse.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [113] Ans: It is hear (as in all places) some better &amp; some worse; and
+      if they well consider their words, in England they shall not find such
+      grasse in them, as in their feelds &amp; meadows. The catle find grasse,
+      for they are as fatt as need be; we wish we had but one for every hundred
+      that hear is grase to keep. Indeed, this objection, as some other, are
+      ridiculous to all here which see and know y<sup>e</sup> contrary.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      8. ob: The fish will not take salt to keepe sweete.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: This is as true as that which was written, that ther is scarce a
+      foule to be seene or a fish to be taken. Things likly to be true in a
+      cuntrie wher so many sayle of ships come yearly a fishing; they might as
+      well say, there can no aile or beere in London be kept from sowering.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      9. ob: Many of them are theevish and steale on from an other.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: Would London had been free from that crime, then we should not have
+      been trobled with these here; it is well knowne sundrie have smarted well
+      for it, and so are y<sup>e</sup> rest like to doe, if they be taken.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      10. ob: The countrie is anoyed with foxes and woules.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: So are many other good cuntries too; but poyson, traps, and other
+      such means will help to destroy them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      11. ob: The Dutch are planted nere Hudsons Bay, and are likely to
+      overthrow the trade.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: They will come and plante in these parts, also, if we and others doe
+      not, but goe home and leave it to them. We rather commend them, then
+      condemne them for it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      12. ob: The people are much anoyed with muskeetoes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: They are too delicate and unfitte to begine new-plantations and
+      collonies, that cannot enduer the biting of a muskeeto; we would wish such
+      to keepe at home till at least they be muskeeto proofe. Yet this place is
+      as free as any, and experience teacheth that y<sup>e</sup> more y<sup>e</sup>
+      land is tild, and y<sup>e</sup> woods cut downe, the fewer ther will be,
+      and in the end scarse any at all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having thus dispatcht these things, that I may handle things togeather, I
+      shall here inserte 2. other letters from M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson their
+      pastor; the one to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>, y<sup>e</sup> other to M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Brewster their Elder, which will give much light to y<sup>e</sup> former
+      things, and express the tender love &amp; care of a true pastor over them.<span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>His leter to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        My loving &amp; much beloved friend, whom God hath hithertoo preserved,
+        preserve and keepe you still to his glorie, and y<sup>e</sup> good of
+        many; that his blessing may make your godly and wise endeavours
+        answerable to y<sup>e</sup> valuation which they ther have, &amp; set
+        upon y<sup>e</sup> same. Of your love too and care for us here, we never
+        doubted; so are we glad to take knowledg of it in that fullnes we doe.
+        Our love &amp; care to and for you, is mutuall, though our hopes of
+        coming [114] unto you be small, and weaker then ever. But of this at
+        large in Mr. Brewsters letter, with whom you, and he with you, mutualy,
+        I know, comunicate your letters, as I desire you may doe these, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Concerning y<sup>e</sup> killing of those poor Indeans, of which we
+        heard at first by reporte, and since by more certaine relation, oh! how
+        happy a thing had it been, if you had converted some, before you had
+        killed any; besids, wher bloud is one begune to be shed, it is seldome
+        stanched of a long time after. You will say they deserved it. I grant
+        it; but upon what provocations and invitments by those heathenish
+        Christians?<a name="FNanchor_BO_67" id="FNanchor_BO_67"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_BO_67" class="fnanchor">[BO]</a> Besids, you, being no
+        magistrats over them, were to consider, not what they deserved, but what
+        you were by necessitie constrained to inflicte. Necessitie of this,
+        espetially of killing so many, (and many more, it seems, they would, if
+        they could,) I see not. Methinks on or tow principals should have been
+        full enough, according to that approved rule, The punishmente to a few,
+        and y<sup>e</sup> fear to many. Upon this occasion let me be bould to
+        exhorte you seriouly to consider of y<sup>e</sup> dispossition of your
+        Captaine, whom I love, and am perswaded y<sup>e</sup> Lord in great
+        mercie and for much good hath sent you him, if you use him aright. He is
+        a man humble and meek amongst you, and towards all <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span>in ordinarie course. But
+        now if this be meerly from an humane spirite, ther is cause to fear that
+        by occasion, espetially of provocation, ther may be wanting y<sup>t</sup>
+        tendernes of y<sup>e</sup> life of man (made after Gods image) which is
+        meete. It is also a thing more glorious in mens eyes, then pleasing in
+        Gods, or conveniente for Christians, to be a terrour to poore barbarous
+        people; and indeed I am afraid least, by these occasions, others should
+        be drawne to affecte a kind of rufling course in the world. I doubt not
+        but you will take in good part these things which I write, and as ther
+        is cause make use of them. It were to us more comfortable and
+        convenient, that we comunicated our mutuall helps in presence, but
+        seeing that canot be done, we shall always long after you, and love you,
+        and waite Gods apoynted time. The adventurers it seems have neither
+        money nor any great mind of us, for y<sup>e</sup> most parte. They deney
+        it to be any part of y<sup>e</sup> covenants betwixte us, that they
+        should tr&#257;sporte us, neither doe I looke for any further help from
+        them, till means come from you. We hear are strangers in effecte to y<sup>e</sup>
+        whole course, and so both we and you (save as your owne wisdoms and
+        worths have intressed you further) of principals intended in this
+        bussines, are scarce accessaries, &amp;c. My wife, with me, resalute you
+        &amp; yours. Unto him who is y<sup>e</sup> same to his in all places,
+        and nere to them which are farr from one an other, I comend you and all
+        with you, resting,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Yours truly loving,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John Robinson.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Leyden, Des: 19. 1623.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>His to M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Loving and dear friend and brother: That which I most desired of God in
+        regard of you, namly, y<sup>e</sup> continuance of your life and health,
+        and the safe coming of these sent unto <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span>you, that I most gladly
+        hear of, and praise God for the same. And I hope M<sup>rs</sup>.
+        Brewsters weake and decayed state of body will have some reparing by the
+        coming of her daughters, and the provissions in this and former ships, I
+        hear is made for you; which maks us with more patience bear our
+        languishing state, and y<sup>e</sup> deferring of our desired tr&#257;sportation;
+        w<sup>ch</sup> I call desired, rather than hoped for, whatsoever you are
+        borne in hand by any others. For first, ther is no hope at all, that I
+        know, or can conceive of, of any new stock to be raised for that end; so
+        that all must depend [115] upon returns from you, in which are so many
+        uncertainties, as that nothing with any certaintie can thence be
+        concluded. Besids, howsoever for y<sup>e</sup> presente the adventurers
+        aledg nothing but want of money, which is an invincible difculty, yet if
+        that be taken away by you, others without doubte will be found. For the
+        beter clearing of this, we must dispose y<sup>e</sup> adventurers into
+        3. parts; and of them some 5. or 6. (as I conceive) are absolutly bent
+        for us, above any others. Other 5. or 6. are our bitter professed
+        adversaries. The rest, being the body, I conceive to be honestly minded,
+        &amp; loveingly also towards us; yet such as have others (namly y<sup>e</sup>
+        forward preachers) nerer unto them, then us, and whose course so farr as
+        ther is any differance, they would rather advance then ours. Now what a
+        hanck these men have over y<sup>e</sup> professors, you know. And I
+        perswade my selfe, that for me, they of all others are unwilling I
+        should be transported, espetially such of them as have an eye that way
+        them selves; as thinking if I come ther, ther market will be mard in
+        many regards. And for these adversaries, if they have but halfe y<sup>e</sup>
+        witte to their malice, they will stope my course when they see it
+        intended, for which this delaying serveth them very opportunly. And as
+        one restie jade can hinder, by hanging back, more then two or 3. can (or
+        will at least, if they be not very free) draw forward, <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span>so will
+        it be in this case. A notable<a name="FNanchor_BP_68" id="FNanchor_BP_68"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_BP_68" class="fnanchor">[BP]</a> experimente of this,
+        they gave in your messengers presence, constraining y<sup>e</sup>
+        company to promise that none of the money now gathered should be
+        expended or imployed to y<sup>e</sup> help of any of us towards you. Now
+        touching y<sup>e</sup> question propounded by you, I judg it not lawfull
+        for you, being a ruling Elder, as Rom. 12. 7. 8. &amp; 1. Tim. 5. 17.
+        opposed to the Elders that teach &amp; exhorte and labore in y<sup>e</sup>
+        word and doctrine, to which y<sup>e</sup> sacrements are an&#773;exed,
+        to administer them, nor convenient if it were lawfull. Whether any
+        larned man will come unto you or not, I know not; if any doe, you must
+        <i>Consili&#363; capere in arena</i>. Be you most hartily saluted, &amp;
+        you<sup>r</sup> wife with you, both from me &amp; mine. Your God &amp;
+        ours, and y<sup>e</sup> God of all his, bring us together if it be his
+        will, and keep us in the mean while, and allways to his glory, and make
+        us servisable to his majestic, and faithfull to the end. Amen.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="left">
+          Your very loving brother,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John Robinson.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Leyden, Des: 20. 1623.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      These things premised, I shall now prosecute y<sup>e</sup> procedings and
+      afairs here. And before I come to other things I must speak a word of
+      their planting this year; they having found y<sup>e</sup> benifite of
+      their last years harvest, and setting corne for their particuler, having
+      therby with a great deale of patience overcome hunger &amp; famine. Which
+      maks me remember a saing of Senecas, <i>Epis: 123</i>. <i>That a great
+      parte of libertie is a well governed belly, and to be patiente in all
+      wants.</i> They begane now highly to prise corne as <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span>more pretious then silver,
+      and those that had some to spare begane to trade one with another for
+      smale things, by y<sup>e</sup> quarte, potle, &amp; peck, &amp;c.; for
+      money they had none, and if any had, corne was prefered before it. That
+      they might therfore encrease their tillage to better advantage, they made
+      suite [116] to the Gov<sup>r</sup> to have some portion of land given them
+      for continuance, and not by yearly lotte, for by that means, that which y<sup>e</sup>
+      more industrious had brought into good culture (by much pains) one year,
+      came to leave it y<sup>e</sup> nexte, and often another might injoye it;
+      so as the dressing of their lands were the more sleighted over, &amp; to
+      lese profite. Which being well considered, their request was granted. And
+      to every person was given only one acrre of land, to them &amp; theirs, as
+      nere y<sup>e</sup> towne as might be, and they had no more till y<sup>e</sup>
+      7. years were expired. The reason was, that they might be kept close
+      together both for more saftie and defence, and y<sup>e</sup> better
+      improvement of y<sup>e</sup> generall imployments. Which condition of
+      theirs did make me often thinke, of what I had read in Plinie<a
+      name="FNanchor_BQ_69" id="FNanchor_BQ_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_BQ_69"
+      class="fnanchor">[BQ]</a> of y<sup>e</sup> Romans first beginings in
+      Romulus time. <i>How every man contented him selfe with 2. Acres of land,
+      and had no more assigned them. And chap. 3. It was thought a great reward,
+      to receive at y<sup>e</sup> hands of y<sup>e</sup> people of Rome a pinte
+      of corne. And long after, the greatest presente given to a Captaine y<sup>t</sup>
+      had gotte a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span>victory
+      over their enemise, was as much ground as they could till in one day. And
+      he was not counted a good, but a dangerous man, that would not contente
+      him selfe with 7. Acres of land. As also how they did pound their corne in
+      morters</i>, as these people were forcte to doe many years before they
+      could get a mille.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The ship which brought this supply, was speedily discharged, and with her
+      m<sup>r</sup> &amp; company sente to Cap-Anne (of which place they had
+      gott a patente, as before is shewed) on fishing, and because the season
+      was so farr spente some of y<sup>e</sup> planters were sent to help to
+      build their stage, to their owne hinderance. But partly by y<sup>e</sup>
+      latenes of y<sup>e</sup> year, and more espetialy by y<sup>e</sup> basnes
+      of y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>, one Baker, they made a poore viage of it.
+      He proved a very drunken beast, and did nothing (in a maner) but drink,
+      &amp; gusle, and consume away y<sup>e</sup> time &amp; his victails; and
+      most of his company followed his example; and though M<sup>r</sup>.
+      William Peirce was to over see the busines, &amp; to be m<sup>r</sup>. of
+      y<sup>e</sup> ship home, yet he could doe no good amongst them, so as y<sup>e</sup>
+      loss was great, and would have bene more to them, but that they kept one a
+      trading ther, which in those times got some store of skins, which was some
+      help unto them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The ship-carpenter that was sent them, was an honest and very industrious
+      man, and followed his labour very dilligently, and made all that were
+      imployed <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span>with
+      him doe y<sup>e</sup> like; he quickly builte them 2. very good &amp;
+      strong shalops (which after did them greate service), and a great and
+      strong lighter, and had hewne timber for 2. catches; but that was lost,
+      for he fell into a feaver in y<sup>e</sup> hote season of the year, and
+      though he had the best means y<sup>e</sup> place could aforde, yet he
+      dyed; of whom they had a very [117] great loss, and were very sorie for
+      his death. But he whom they sent to make salte was an ignorante, foolish,
+      self-willd fellow; he bore them in hand he could doe great matters in
+      making salt-works, so he was sente to seeke out fitte ground for his
+      purpose; and after some serch he tould y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> that
+      he had found a sufficente place, with a good botome to hold water, and
+      otherwise very conveniente, which he doubted not but in a short time to
+      bring to good perfection, and to yeeld them great profite; but he must
+      have 8. or ten men to be constantly imployed. He was wisht to be sure that
+      y<sup>e</sup> ground was good, and other things answerable, and y<sup>t</sup>
+      he could bring it to perfection; otherwise he would bring upon them a
+      great charge by imploying him selfe and so many men. But he was, after
+      some triall, so confidente, as he caused them to send carpenters to rear a
+      great frame for a large house, to receive y<sup>e</sup> salte &amp; such
+      other uses. But in y<sup>e</sup> end all proved vaine. Then he layed fault
+      of y<sup>e</sup> ground, in which he was deceived; but if he might have
+      the lighter to cary clay, he was sure then he could doe it. Now though
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> &amp; some other foresaw that this would come to litle,
+      yet they had so many malignant spirits amongst them, that would have laid
+      it upon them, in their letters of complainte to the adventurers, as to be
+      their falte y<sup>t</sup> would not suffer him to goe on to bring his work
+      to perfection; for as he by his bould confidence &amp; large promises
+      deceived them in England that sente him, so he had wound him selfe in to
+      these mens high esteeme hear, so as they were faine to let him goe on till
+      all men saw his vanity. For he could not doe any thing but boyle salt in
+      pans, &amp; yet would make them y<sup>t</sup> were joynd with him beleeve
+      ther was so grat a misterie in it as was not easie to be attained, and
+      made them doe many unnecessary things to blind their eys, till they
+      discerned his sutltie. The next yere he was sente to Cap-Anne, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      pans were set up ther wher the fishing was; but before som&#773;er was
+      out, he bur&#773;te the house, and the fire was so vehemente as it spoyld
+      the pans, at least some of them, and this was the end of that chargable
+      bussines.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The 3<sup>d</sup>. eminente person (which y<sup>e</sup> letters before
+      mention) was y<sup>e</sup> minister which they sent over, by name M<sup>r</sup>.
+      John Lyford, of whom &amp; whose doing I must be more large, though I
+      shall abridg things as much as I can. When this man first came a shore, he
+      saluted them with that reverence &amp; humilitie as is seldome to be seen,
+      and indeed made them ashamed, he so bowed and cringed unto them, and would
+      have kissed their <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span>hands
+      if they would have [118] suffered him;<a name="FNanchor_BR_70"
+      id="FNanchor_BR_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_BR_70" class="fnanchor">[BR]</a>
+      yea, he wept &amp; shed many tears, blessing God that had brought him to
+      see their faces; and admiring y<sup>e</sup> things they had done in their
+      wants, &amp;c. as if he had been made all of love, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      humblest person in the world. And all the while (if we may judg by his
+      after cariags) he was but like him mentioned in Psa: 10. 10. That
+      croucheth &amp; boweth, that heaps of poore may fall by his might. Or like
+      to that dissembling Ishmaell,<a name="FNanchor_BS_71" id="FNanchor_BS_71"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_BS_71" class="fnanchor">[BS]</a> who, when he had slaine
+      Gedelia, went out weeping and mette them y<sup>t</sup> were coming to
+      offer incence in y<sup>e</sup> house of y<sup>e</sup> Lord; saing, Come to
+      Gedelia, when he ment to slay them. They gave him y<sup>e</sup> best
+      entertainment y<sup>ey</sup> could, (in all simplisitie,) and a larger
+      alowans of food out of y<sup>e</sup> store then any other had, and as the
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> had used in all waightie affairs to consulte with their
+      Elder, M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, (togeither with his assistants,) so now he
+      caled M<sup>r</sup>. Liford also to counsell with them in their waightiest
+      bussineses. Ater some short time he desired to joyne himselfe a member to
+      y<sup>e</sup> church hear, and was accordingly received. He made a large
+      confession of his faith, and an acknowledgemente of his former disorderly
+      walking, and his being intangled with many corruptions, which had been a
+      burthen to his conscience, and blessed God for this opportunitie of
+      freedom &amp; libertie to injoye y<sup>e</sup> ordinances of God in
+      puritie among his people, with many <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span>more such like expressions.
+      I must hear speake a word also of M<sup>r</sup>. John Oldom, who was a
+      copartner with him in his after courses. He had bene a cheefe sticler in y<sup>e</sup>
+      former faction among y<sup>e</sup> perticulers, and an intelligencer to
+      those in England. But now, since the coming of this ship and he saw the
+      supply that came, he tooke occasion to open his minde to some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheefe amongst them heere, and confessed he had done them wrong both by
+      word &amp; deed, &amp; writing into England; but he now saw the eminente
+      hand of God to be with them, and his blesing upon them, which made his
+      hart smite him, neither should those in England ever use him as an
+      instrumente any longer against them in any thing; he also desired former
+      things might be forgotten, and that they would looke upon him as one that
+      desired to close with them in all things, with such like expressions. Now
+      whether this was in hipocrisie, or out of some sudden pange of conviction
+      (which I rather thinke), God only knows. Upon it they shew all readynes to
+      imbrace his love, and carry towards him in all frendlynes, and called him
+      to counsell with them in all cheefe affairs, as y<sup>e</sup> other,
+      without any distrust at all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus all things seemed to goe very comfortably and smothly on amongst
+      them, at which they did much rejoyce; but this lasted not [119] long, for
+      both Oldom and he grew very perverse, and shewed a spirite of great
+      malignancie, drawing as many into faction as <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span>they could; were they never
+      so vile or profane, they did nourish &amp; back them in all their doings;
+      so they would but cleave to them and speak against y<sup>e</sup> church
+      hear; so as ther was nothing but private meetings and whisperings amongst
+      them; they feeding themselves &amp; others with what they should bring to
+      pass in England by the faction of their freinds their, which brought
+      others as well as them selves into a fools paradise. Yet they could not
+      cary so closly but much of both their doings &amp; sayings were
+      discovered, yet outwardly they still set a faire face of things.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At lenght when y<sup>e</sup> ship was ready to goe, it was observed Liford
+      was long in writing, &amp; sente many letters, and could not forbear to
+      comunicate to his intimats such things as made them laugh in their
+      sleeves, and thought he had done ther errand sufficiently. The Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      and some other of his freinds knowing how things stood in England, and
+      what hurt these things might doe, tooke a shalop and wente out with the
+      ship a league or 2. to sea, and caled for all Lifords &amp; Oldums
+      letters. Mr. William Peirce being m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> ship,
+      (and knew well their evill dealing both in England &amp; here,) afforded
+      him all y<sup>e</sup> assistance he could. He found above 20. of Lyfords
+      letters, many of them larg, and full of slanders, &amp; false accusations,
+      tending not only to their prejudice, but to their ruine &amp; utter
+      subversion. Most of the letters they let pas, only tooke copys of them,
+      but some of y<sup>e</sup> most materiall <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span>they sent true copyes of
+      them, and kept y<sup>e</sup> originalls, least he should deney them, and
+      that they might produce his owne hand against him. Amongst his letters
+      they found y<sup>e</sup> coppyes of tow letters which he sent inclosed in
+      a leter of his to M<sup>r</sup>. John Pemberton, a minster, and a great
+      opposite of theirs. These 2. letters of which he tooke the coppyes were
+      one of them write by a gentle-man in England to M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster
+      here, the other by M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow to M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson, in
+      Holand, at his coming away, as y<sup>e</sup> ship lay at Gravsend. They
+      lying sealed in y<sup>e</sup> great cabin, (whilst M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow
+      was bussie aboute the affairs of y<sup>e</sup> ship,) this slye marchante
+      taks &amp; opens them, taks these coppys, &amp; seals them up againe; and
+      not only sends the coppyes of them thus to his friend and their
+      adversarie, but adds thertoo in y<sup>e</sup> margente many scurrilous and
+      flouting an&#773;otations. This ship went out <i>towards ev&#773;ing</i>,
+      and <i>in the night</i> y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> retur&#773;ed. They
+      were somwaht blanke at it, but after some weeks, when they heard nothing,
+      they then were as briske as ever, thinking nothing had been knowne, but
+      all was gone currente, and that the Gov<sup>r</sup> went but to dispatch
+      his owne letters. The reason why the Gov<sup>r</sup> &amp; rest concealed
+      these things the longer, was to let things ripen, that they [120] might y<sup>e</sup>
+      better discover their intents and see who were their adherents. And y<sup>e</sup>
+      rather because amongst y<sup>e</sup> rest they found a letter of one of
+      their confederats, in w<sup>ch</sup> was writen that M<sup>r</sup>. Oldame
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span>&amp;
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Lyford intended a reformation in church and commone wealth;
+      and, as soone as the ship was gone, they intended to joyne togeather, and
+      have the sacrements, &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For Oldame, few of his leters were found, (for he was so bad a scribe as
+      his hand was scarce legible,) yet he was as deepe in y<sup>e</sup>
+      mischeefe as the other. And thinking they were now strong enough, they
+      begane to pick quarells at every thing. Oldame being called to watch
+      (according to order) refused to come, fell out with y<sup>e</sup> Capten,
+      caled him raskell, and beggerly raskell, and resisted him, drew his knife
+      at him; though he offered him no wrong, nor gave him no ille termes, but
+      with all fairnes required him to doe his duty. The Gov<sup>r</sup>,
+      hearing y<sup>e</sup> tumulte, sent to quiet it, but he ramped more like a
+      furious beast then a man, and cald them all treatours, and rebells, and
+      other such foule language as I am ashamed to remember; but after he was
+      clapt up a while, he came to him selfe, and with some slight punishmente
+      was let goe upon his behaviour for further censure.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But to cutt things shorte, at length it grew to this esseue, that Lyford
+      with his complicies, without ever speaking one word either to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup>, Church, or Elder, withdrewe them selves &amp; set up a
+      publick meeting aparte, on y<sup>e</sup> Lord's day; with sundry such
+      insolente cariages, too long here to relate, begining now publikly to acte
+      what privatly they had been long plotting.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was now thought high time (to prevent further mischeefe) to calle them
+      to accounte; so y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> called a courte and sum&#773;oned
+      the whol company to appeare. And then charged Lyford &amp; Oldom with such
+      things as they were guilty of. But they were stiffe, &amp; stood resolutly
+      upon y<sup>e</sup> deneyall of most things, and required proofe. They
+      first alledged what was write to them out of England, compared with their
+      doings &amp; pactises hear; that it was evident they joyned in plotting
+      against them, and disturbing their peace, both in respecte of their civill
+      &amp; church state, which was most injurious; for both they and all y<sup>e</sup>
+      world knew they came hither to injoye y<sup>e</sup> libertie of their
+      conscience and y<sup>e</sup> free use of Gods ordinances; and for y<sup>t</sup>
+      end had ventured their lives and passed throwgh so much hardshipe
+      hithertoo, and they and their freinds had borne the charg of these
+      beginings, which was not small. And that Lyford for his parte was sent
+      over on this charge, and that both he and his great family was maintained
+      on y<sup>e</sup> same, and also was joyned to y<sup>e</sup> church, &amp;
+      a member of them; and for him to plote against them &amp; seek their
+      ruine, was most unjust &amp; perfidious. And for [121] Oldam or any other
+      that came over at their owne charge, and were on ther perticuler, seeing
+      they were received in curtesie by the plantation, when they came only to
+      seeke shelter &amp; protection under their wings, not being able to stand
+      alone, that they, (according to y<sup>e</sup> fable,) <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span>like the Hedghogg whom y<sup>e</sup>
+      conny in a stormy day in pittie received into her borrow, would not be
+      content to take part with her, but in the end with her sharp pricks forst
+      the poore conny to forsake her owne borrow; so these men with the like
+      injustice indevored to doe y<sup>e</sup> same to thos that entertained
+      them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lyford denyed that he had any thing to doe with them in England, or knew
+      of their courses, and made other things as strange that he was charged
+      with. Then his letters were prodused &amp; some of them read, at which he
+      was struck mute. But Oldam begane to rage furiously, because they had
+      intercepted and opened his letters, threatening them in very high
+      language, and in a most audacious and mutinous maner stood up &amp; caled
+      upon y<sup>e</sup> people, saying, My maisters, wher is your harts? now
+      shew your courage, you have oft complained to me so &amp; so; now is y<sup>e</sup>
+      time, if you will doe any thing, I will stand by you, &amp;c. Thinking y<sup>t</sup>
+      every one (knowing his humor) that had soothed and flattered him, or other
+      wise in their discontente uttered any thing unto him, would now side w<sup>th</sup>
+      him in open rebellion. But he was deceived, for not a man opened his
+      mouth, but all were silent, being strucken with the injustice of y<sup>e</sup>
+      thing. Then y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> turned his speech to M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Lyford, and asked him if he thought they had done evill to open his
+      letters; but he was silente, &amp; would not say a word, well knowing what
+      they might reply. Then y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> shewed the people he
+      did it as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span>a
+      magistrate, and was bound to it by his place, to prevent y<sup>e</sup>
+      mischeefe &amp; ruine that this conspiracie and plots of theirs would
+      bring on this poor colony. But he, besids his evill dealing hear, had
+      delte trecherusly with his freinds y<sup>t</sup> trusted him, &amp; stole
+      their letters &amp; opened them, and sent coppies of them, with
+      disgracefull an&#773;otations, to his freinds in England. And then y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> produced them and his other letters under his owne hand,
+      (which he could not deney,) and caused them to be read before all y<sup>e</sup>
+      people; at which all his freinds were blanke, and had not a word to say.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It would be too long &amp; tedious here to inserte his letters (which
+      would almost fill a volume), though I have them by me. I shall only note a
+      few of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe things collected out of them, with y<sup>e</sup>
+      answers to them as they were then given; and but a few of those many, only
+      for instance, by which the rest may be judged of.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [121<a name="FNanchor_BT_72" id="FNanchor_BT_72"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_BT_72" class="fnanchor">[BT]</a>] 1. First, he saith, the
+      church would have none to live hear but them selves. 2<sup>ly</sup>.
+      Neither are any willing so to doe if they had company to live elswher.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: Their answer was, that this was false, in both y<sup>e</sup> parts of
+      it; for they were willing &amp; desirous y<sup>t</sup> any honest men may
+      live with them, that will cary them selves peacably, and seek y<sup>e</sup>
+      com&#773;one good, or at least doe them no hurte. And againe, ther are
+      many that <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span>will
+      not live els wher so long as they may live with them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      2. That if ther come over any honest men that are not of y<sup>e</sup>
+      seperation, they will quickly distast them, &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A. Ther answer was as before, that it was a false callumniation, for they
+      had many amongst them that they liked well of, and were glad of their
+      company; and should be of any such like that should come amongst them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      3. That they excepted against him for these 2. doctrins raised from 2.
+      Sam: 12. 7. First, that ministers must sume times perticulerly apply their
+      doctrine to spetiall persons; 2<sup>ly</sup>, that great men may be
+      reproved as well as meaner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A. Their answer was, that both these were without either truth or colour
+      of y<sup>e</sup> same (as was proved to his face), and that they had
+      taught and beleeved these things long before they knew M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Liford.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      4. That they utterly sought y<sup>e</sup> ruine of y<sup>e</sup>
+      perticulers; as appeareth by this, that they would not suffer any of y<sup>e</sup>
+      generall either to buy or sell with them, or to exchaing one com&#773;oditie
+      for another.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: This was a most malicious slander and voyd of all truth, as was
+      evidently proved to him before all men; for any of them did both buy,
+      sell, or exchaing with them as often as they had any occation. Yea, and
+      allso both lend &amp; give to them when they wanted; and this the
+      perticuler persons them selves could not <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span>deney, but freely confest in
+      open court. But y<sup>e</sup> ground from whence this arose made it much
+      worse, for he was in counsell with them. When one was called before them,
+      and questioned for receiving powder and bisket from y<sup>e</sup> gun&#773;er
+      of the small ship, which was y<sup>e</sup> companys, and had it put in at
+      his window in the night, and allso for buying salt of one, that had no
+      right to it, he not only stood to back him (being one of these
+      perticulers) by excusing &amp; extenuating his falte, as long as he could,
+      but upon this builds this mischec&#773;ous &amp; most false slander: That
+      because they would not suffer them to buy stolne goods, ergo, they sought
+      their utter ruine. Bad logick for a devine.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      5. Next he writs, that he chocked them with this; that they turned [122]
+      men into their perticuler, and then sought to starve them, and deprive
+      them of all means of subsistance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A. To this was answered, he did them manifest wrong, for they turned none
+      into their perticuler; it was their owne importunitie and ernest desire
+      that moved them, yea, constrained them to doe it. And they apealed to y<sup>e</sup>
+      persons them selves for y<sup>e</sup> truth hereof. And they testified the
+      same against him before all present, as allso that they had no cause to
+      complaine of any either hard or unkind usage.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      6. He accuseth them with unjust distribution, and writeth, that it was a
+      strang difference, that some have bene alowed 16<sup>li</sup>. of meale by
+      y<sup>e</sup> weeke, and others <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215"
+      id="Page_215">[215]</a></span>but 4<sup>li</sup>. And then (floutingly)
+      saith, it seems some mens mouths and bellies are very litle &amp; slender
+      over others.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ans: This might seeme strange indeed to those to whom he write his leters
+      in England, which knew not y<sup>e</sup> reason of it; but to him and
+      others hear, it could not be strange, who knew how things stood. For the
+      first com&#773;ers had none at all, but lived on their corne. Those w<sup>ch</sup>
+      <i>came in y<sup>e</sup> Anne, y<sup>e</sup> August before</i>, &amp; were
+      to live 13. months of the provissions they brought, had as good alowance
+      in meal &amp; pease as it would extend too, y<sup>e</sup> most part of y<sup>e</sup>
+      year; but a litle before harvest, when they had not only fish, but other
+      fruits began to come in, they had but 4<sup>li</sup>. having their
+      libertie to make their owne provisions. But some of these which came last,
+      as y<sup>e</sup> ship carpenter, and samiers, the salte-men &amp; others
+      that were to follow constante imployments, and had not an howers time,
+      from their hard labours, to looke for any thing above their alowance; they
+      had at first, 16<sup>li</sup>. alowed them, and afterwards as fish, &amp;
+      other food coued be gott, they had as balemente, to 14. &amp;. 12. yea
+      some of them to 8. as the times &amp; occasions did vary. And yet those
+      which followed planting and their owne occasions, and had but 4<sup>li</sup>.
+      of meall a week, lived better then y<sup>e</sup> other, as was well knowne
+      to all. And yet it must be remembered that Lyford &amp; his had allwais
+      the highest alowance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Many other things (in his letters) he accused them of, with many
+      aggravations; as that he saw exseeding great wast of tools &amp; vesseles;
+      &amp; this, when it came to be examened, all y<sup>e</sup> instance he
+      could give was, that he had seen an old hogshed or too fallen to peeces,
+      and a broken how or tow lefte carlesly in y<sup>e</sup> feilds by some.
+      Though he also knew that a godly, honest man was appointed to looke to
+      these things. But these things &amp; such like was write of by him, to
+      cast disgrace &amp; prejudice upon them; as thinking what came from a
+      [123] minister would pass for currente. Then he tells them that Winslow
+      should say, that ther was not above 7. of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers y<sup>t</sup>
+      souight y<sup>e</sup> good of y<sup>e</sup> collony. That M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Oldam &amp; him selfe had had much to doe with them, and that y<sup>e</sup>
+      faction here might match y<sup>e</sup> Jesuits for politie. With many y<sup>e</sup>
+      like greevious complaints &amp; accusations.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      1. Then, in the next place, he comes to give his freinds counsell and
+      directtion. And first, that y<sup>e</sup> Leyden company (M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Robinson &amp; y<sup>e</sup> rest) must still be kepte back, or els all
+      will be spoyled. And least any of them should be taken in privatly
+      somewher on y<sup>e</sup> coast of England, (as it was feared might be
+      done,) they must chaing the m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> ship (M<sup>r</sup>.
+      William Peirce), and put another allso in Winslows stead, for marchante,
+      or els it would not be prevented.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      2. Then he would have such a number provided as might oversway them hear.
+      And that y<sup>e</sup> perticulers <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217"
+      id="Page_217">[217]</a></span>should have voyces in all courts &amp;
+      elections, and be free to bear any office. And that every perticuler
+      should come over as an adventurer, if he be but a servante; some other
+      venturing 10<sup>li</sup>., y<sup>e</sup> bill may be taken out in y<sup>e</sup>
+      servants name, and then assigned to y<sup>e</sup> party whose money it
+      was, and good covenants drawn betweene them for y<sup>e</sup> clearing of
+      y<sup>e</sup> matter; and this (saith he) would be a means to strengthen
+      this side y<sup>e</sup> more.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      3. Then he tells them that if that Capten they spoake of should come over
+      hither as a generall, he was perswaded he would be chosen Capten; for this
+      Captaine Standish looks like a silly boy, and is in utter contempte.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      4. Then he shows that if by y<sup>e</sup> forementioned means they cannot
+      be strengthened to cary &amp; overbear things, it will be best for them to
+      plant els wher by them selves; and would have it artickled by them that
+      they might make choyse of any place that they liked best within 3. or 4.
+      myls distance, shewing ther were farr better places for plantation then
+      this.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      5. And lastly he concluds, that if some number came not over to bear them
+      up here, then ther would be no abiding for them, but by joyning with these
+      hear. Then he adds: Since I begane to write, ther are letters come from
+      your company, wherin they would give sole authoritie in diverce things
+      unto the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span>Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      here; which, if it take place, then, <i>Ve nobis</i>. But I hope you will
+      be more vigilante hereafter, that nothing may pass in such a man&#773;er.
+      I suppose (saith he) M<sup>r</sup>. Oldame will write to you further of
+      these things. I pray you conceall me in the discovery of these things,
+      &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus I have breefly touched some cheefe things in his leters, and shall
+      now returne to their procceeding with him. After the reading of his leters
+      before the whole company, he was demanded what he could say to these
+      things. [124] But all y<sup>e</sup> answer he made was, that Billington
+      and some others had informed him of many things, and made sundrie
+      complaints, which they now deneyed. He was againe asked if that was a
+      sufficiente ground for him thus to accuse &amp; traduse them by his
+      letters, and never say word to them, considering the many bonds betweene
+      them. And so they went on from poynte to poynte; and wisht him, or any of
+      his freinds &amp; confederats, not to spare them in any thing; if he or
+      they had any proofe or witnes of any corrupte or evill dealing of theirs,
+      his or their evidence must needs be ther presente, for ther was the whole
+      company and sundery strangers. He said he had been abused by others in
+      their informations, (as he now well saw,) and so had abused them. And this
+      was all the answer they could have, for none would take his parte in any
+      thing; but Billington, &amp; any whom he named, deneyed the things, and
+      protested he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span>wronged
+      them, and would have drawne them to such &amp; such things which they
+      could not consente too, though they were sometimes drawne to his meetings.
+      Then they delte with him aboute his dissembling with them aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      church, and that he professed to concur with them in all things, and what
+      a large confession he made at his admittance, and that he held not him
+      selfe a minister till he had a new calling, &amp;c. And yet now he
+      contested against them, and drew a company aparte, &amp; sequestred him
+      selfe; and would goe minister the sacrements (by his Episcopall caling)
+      without ever speaking a word unto them, either as magistrats or bretheren.
+      In conclusion, he was fully convicted, and burst out into tears, and
+      "confest he feared he was a reprobate, his sinns were so great that he
+      doubted God would not pardon them, he was unsavorie salte, &amp;c.; and
+      that he had so wronged them as he could never make them amends, confessing
+      all he had write against them was false &amp; nought, both for matter
+      &amp; man&#773;er." And all this he did with as much fullnes as words
+      &amp; tears could express.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After their triall &amp; conviction, the court censured them to be expeld
+      the place; Oldame presently, though his wife &amp; family had liberty to
+      stay all winter, or longer, till he could make provission to remove them
+      comfortably. Lyford had liberty to stay 6. months. It was, indeede, with
+      some eye to his release, if he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220"
+      id="Page_220">[220]</a></span>caried him selfe well in the meane time, and
+      that his repentance proved sound. Lyford acknowledged his censure was farr
+      less then he deserved.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Afterwards, he confest his sin publikly in y<sup>e</sup> church, with
+      tears more largly then before. I shall here put it downe as I find it
+      recorded by some who tooke it from his owne words, as him selfe utered
+      them. Acknowledging [125] "That he had don very evill, and slanderously
+      abused them; and thinking most of y<sup>e</sup> people would take parte
+      with him, he thought to cary all by violence and strong hand against them.
+      And that God might justly lay in&#773;ocente blood to his charge, for he
+      knew not what hurt might have come of these his writings, and blest God
+      they were stayed. And that he spared not to take knowledg from any, of any
+      evill that was spoaken, but shut his eyes &amp; ears against all the good;
+      and if God should make him a vacabund in y<sup>e</sup> earth, as was
+      Caine, it was but just, for he had sined in envie &amp; malice against his
+      brethren as he did. And he confessed 3. things to be y<sup>e</sup> ground
+      &amp; causes of these his doings: pride, vaine-glorie, &amp; selfe love."
+      Amplifying these heads with many other sade expressions, in the
+      perticulers of them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So as they begane againe to conceive good thoughts of him upon this his
+      repentance, and admited him to teach amongst them as before; and Samuell
+      Fuller (a deacon amongst them), and some other tender harted <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span>men
+      amongst them, were so taken with his signes of sorrow &amp; repentance, as
+      they professed they would fall upon their knees to have his censure
+      released.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But that which made them all stand amased in the end, and may doe all
+      others that shall come to hear y<sup>e</sup> same, (for a rarer president
+      can scarse be showne,) was, that after a month or 2. notwithstand all his
+      former conffessions, convictions, and publick acknowledgments, both in y<sup>e</sup>
+      face of y<sup>e</sup> church and whole company, with so many tears &amp;
+      sadde censures of him selfe before God &amp; men, he should goe againe to
+      justifie what he had done.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For secretly he write a 2<sup>d</sup>. leter to y<sup>e</sup> adventurers
+      in England, in w<sup>ch</sup> he justified all his former writings, (save
+      in some things which tended to their damage,) the which, because it is
+      brefer then y<sup>e</sup> former, I shall here inserte.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Worthy S<sup>rs</sup>: Though the filth of mine owne doings may justly
+        be cast in my face, and with blushing cause my perpetuall silence, yet
+        that y<sup>e</sup> truth may not herby be injuried, your selves any
+        longer deluded, nor injurious<a name="FNanchor_BU_73" id="FNanchor_BU_73"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_BU_73" class="fnanchor">[BU]</a> dealing caried out
+        still, with bould out facings, I have adventured once more to write unto
+        you. Firest, I doe freely confess I delte very indiscreetly in some of
+        my perticuler leters w<sup>ch</sup> I wrote to private freinds, for y<sup>e</sup>
+        courses in coming hither &amp; the like; which I doe in no sorte seeke
+        to justifie, though stired up ther unto in the beholding y<sup>e</sup>
+        indirecte courses held by <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222"
+        id="Page_222">[222]</a></span>others, both hear, &amp; ther with you,
+        for effecting their designes. But am hartily sory for it, and doe to y<sup>e</sup>
+        glory of God &amp; mine owne shame acknowledg it. Which leters being
+        intercepted by the Gov<sup>r</sup>, I have for y<sup>e</sup> same
+        undergone y<sup>e</sup> censure [126] of banishmente. And had it not
+        been for y<sup>e</sup> respecte I have unto you, and some other matters
+        of private regard, I had returned againe at this time by y<sup>e</sup>
+        pinass for England; for hear I purpose not to abide, unless I receive
+        better incouragmente from you, then from y<sup>e</sup> church (as they
+        call them selves) here I doe receive. I purposed before I came, to
+        undergoe hardnes, therfore I shall I hope cherfully bear y<sup>e</sup>
+        conditions of y<sup>e</sup> place, though very mean; and they have
+        chainged my wages ten times allready. I suppose my letters, or at least
+        y<sup>e</sup> coppies of them, are come to your hands, for so they hear
+        reporte; which, if it be so, I pray you take notice of this, that I have
+        writen nothing but what is certainly true, and I could make so apeare
+        planly to any indifferente men, whatsoever colours be cast to darken y<sup>e</sup>
+        truth, and some ther are very audatious this way; besids many other
+        matters which are farre out of order hear. My mind was not to enlarge my
+        selfe any further, but in respecte of diverse poore souls here, y<sup>e</sup>
+        care of whom in parte belongs to you, being here destitute of the me&#257;s
+        of salvation. For how so ever y<sup>e</sup> church are provided for, to
+        their contente, who are y<sup>e</sup> smalest number in y<sup>e</sup>
+        collony, and doe so appropriate y<sup>e</sup> ministrie to them selves,
+        houlding this principle, that y<sup>e</sup> Lord hath not appointed any
+        ordinary ministrie for y<sup>e</sup> conversion of those y<sup>t</sup>
+        are without, so y<sup>t</sup> some of y<sup>e</sup> poor souls have w<sup>th</sup>
+        tears complained of this to me, and I was taxed for preaching to all in
+        generall. Though in truth they have had no ministrie here since they
+        came, but such as may be performed by any of you, by their owne
+        possition, what soever great pretences they make; but herin they
+        equivocate, as in many other things they doe. <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span>But I exceede y<sup>e</sup>
+        bounds I set my selfe, therfore resting thus, untill I hear further from
+        you, so it be within y<sup>e</sup> time limited me. I rest, &amp;c.,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Remaining yours ever,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John Lyford</span>, Exille.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Dated Aug: 22. An<sup>o</sup>: 1624.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      They made a breefe answer to some things in this leter, but referred
+      cheefly to their former. The effecte was to this purpose: That if God in
+      his providence had not brought these things to their hands (both y<sup>e</sup>
+      former &amp; later), they might have been thus abused, tradused, and
+      calumniated, overthrowne, &amp; undone; and never have knowne by whom, nor
+      for what. They desired but this equall favoure, that they would be pleased
+      to hear their just defence, as well as his accusations, and waigh them in
+      y<sup>e</sup> balance of justice &amp; reason, and then censure as they
+      pleased. They had write breefly to y<sup>e</sup> heads of things before,
+      and should be ready to give further [127] answer as any occasion should
+      require; craving leave to adde a word or tow to this last.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      1. And first, they desire to examene what filth that was y<sup>t</sup> he
+      acknowledgeth might justly be throwne in his face, and might cause
+      blushing &amp; perpetuall silence; some great mater sure! But if it be
+      looked into, it amounts to no more then a poynte of indiscretion, and
+      thats all; and yet he licks of y<sup>t</sup> too with this excuse, that he
+      was stired up therunto by beholding <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> indirecte
+      course here. But this point never troubled him here, it was counted a
+      light matter both by him &amp; his freinds, and put of with this,&mdash;that
+      any man might doe so, to advise his private freinds to come over for their
+      best advantage. All his sorrow &amp; tears here was for y<sup>e</sup>
+      wrong &amp; hurt he had done us, and not at all for this he pretends to be
+      done to you: it was not counted so much as indiscretion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      2. Having thus payed you full satisfaction, he thinks he may lay load of
+      us here. And first complains that we have changed his wages ten times. We
+      never agreed with him for any wages, nor made any bargen at all with him,
+      neither know of any that you have made. You sent him over to teach amongst
+      us, and desired he might be kindly used; and more then this we know not.
+      That he hath beene kindly used, (and farr beter then he deserves from us,)
+      he shall be judged first of his owne mouth. If you please to looke upon
+      that writing of his, that was sent you amongst his leters, which he cals a
+      generall relation, in which, though he doth otherwise traduse us, yet in
+      this he him selfe clears us. In y<sup>e</sup> latter end therof he hath
+      these words. <i>I speak not this</i> (saith he) <i>out of any ill
+      affection to the men, for I have found them very kind &amp; loving to me.</i>
+      You may ther see these to be his owne words under his owne hand. 2<sup>ly</sup>.
+      It will appere by this that he hath ever had a larger alowance of food
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span>out
+      of y<sup>e</sup> store for him and his then any, and clothing as his neede
+      hath required; a dwelling in one of our best houses, and a man wholy at
+      his owne com&#773;and to tend his private affairs. What cause he hath
+      therfore to complaine, judge ye; and what he means in his speech we know
+      not, except he aluds to y<sup>t</sup> of Jaacob &amp; Laban. If you have
+      promised him more or other wise, you may doe it when you please.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      3. Then with an impudente face he would have you take notice, that (in his
+      leters) he hath write nothing but what is certainly true, yea, and he
+      could make it so appeare plainly to any indifferente men. This indeed doth
+      astonish us and causeth us to tremble at y<sup>e</sup> deceitfullnes [128]
+      and desperate wickednes of mans harte. This is to devoure holy things, and
+      after voues to enquire. It is admirable that after such publick
+      confession, and acknowledgmente in court, in church, before God, &amp;
+      men, with such sadd expressions as he used, and with such melting into
+      teares, that after all this he shoud now justifie all againe. If things
+      had bene done in a corner, it had been some thinge to deney them; but
+      being done in y<sup>e</sup> open view of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie &amp;
+      before all men, it is more then strange now to avow to make them plainly
+      appear to any indifferente men; and here wher things were done, and all y<sup>e</sup>
+      evidence that could be were presente, and yet could make nothing appear,
+      but even <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span>his
+      freinds condemnd him &amp; gave their voyce to his censure, so grose were
+      they; we leave your selves to judge herein. Yet least this man should
+      triumph in his wikednes, we shall be ready to answer him, when, or wher
+      you will, to any thing he shall lay to our charg, though we have done it
+      sufficiently allready.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      4. Then he saith he would not inlarge, but for some poore souls here who
+      are destiute of y<sup>e</sup> means of salvation, &amp;c. But all his
+      soothing is but that you would use means, that his censure might be
+      released that he might here continue; and under you (at least) be
+      sheltered, till he sees what his freinds (on whom he depends) can bring
+      about &amp; effecte. For such men pretend much for poor souls, but they
+      will looke to their wages &amp; conditions; if that be not to their
+      content, let poor souls doe what they will, they will shift for them
+      selves, and seek poore souls some wher els among richer bodys.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Next he fals upon y<sup>e</sup> church, that indeed is y<sup>e</sup>
+      burthensome stone that troubls him. First, he saith they hold this
+      principle, that the Lord hath not apointed any ordinarie ministrie for y<sup>e</sup>
+      converssion of those without. The church needs not be ashamed of what she
+      houlds in this, haveing Gods word for her warrente; that ordinarie
+      officers are bound cheefly to their flocks, Acts 20. 28. and are not to be
+      extravagants, to goe, come, and leave them at their pleasurs to shift for
+      them selves, or to be devoured of wolves. <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span>But he perverts y<sup>e</sup>
+      truth in this as in other things, for y<sup>e</sup> Lord hath as well
+      appoynted them to converte, as to feede in their severall charges; and he
+      wrongs y<sup>e</sup> church to say other wise. Againe, he saith he was
+      taxed for preaching to all in generall. This is a meere untruth, for this
+      dissembler knows that every Lords day some are appointed to visite
+      suspected places, &amp; if any be found idling and neglecte y<sup>e</sup>
+      hearing of y<sup>e</sup> word, (through idlnes or profanes,) they are
+      punished for y<sup>e</sup> same. Now to procure all to come to hear, and
+      then to blame him for preaching to all, were to play y<sup>e</sup> mad
+      men.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [129] 6. Next (he saith) they have had no ministrie since they came, what
+      soever pretences they make, &amp;c. We answer, the more is our wrong, that
+      our pastor is kept from us by these mens means, and then reproach us for
+      it when they have done. Yet have we not been wholy distitute of y<sup>e</sup>
+      means of salvation, as this man would make y<sup>e</sup> world beleeve;
+      for our reve<sup>d</sup> Elder hath laboured diligently in dispencing the
+      word of God unto us, before he came; and since hath taken equalle pains
+      with him selfe in preaching the same; and, be it spoaken without
+      ostentation, he is not inferriour to M<sup>r</sup>. Lyford (&amp; some of
+      his betters) either in gifts or larning, though he would never be
+      perswaded to take higher office upon him. Nor ever was more pretended in
+      this matter. For equivocating, he may take it to <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span>him selfe; what y<sup>e</sup>
+      church houlds, they have manifested to y<sup>e</sup> world, in all
+      plaines, both in open confession, doctrine, &amp; writing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This was y<sup>e</sup> sume of ther answer, and hear I will let them rest
+      for y<sup>e</sup> presente. I have bene longer in these things then I
+      desired, and yet not so long as the things might require, for I pass many
+      things in silence, and many more deserve to have been more largly handled.
+      But I will returne to other things, and leave y<sup>e</sup> rest to its
+      place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The pinass that was left sunck &amp; cast away near Damarins-cove, as is
+      before showed, some of y<sup>e</sup> fishing maisters said it was a pity
+      so fine a vessell should be lost, and sent them word that, if they would
+      be at y<sup>e</sup> cost, they would both directe them how to waygh her,
+      and let them have their carpenters to mend her. They thanked them, &amp;
+      sente men aboute it, and beaver to defray y<sup>e</sup> charge, (without
+      which all had been in vaine). So they gott coopers to trime, I know not
+      how many tune of cask, and being made tight and fastened to her at
+      low-water, they boyed her up; and then with many hands hald her on shore
+      in a conveniente place wher she might be wrought upon; and then hired
+      sundrie carpenters to work upon her, and other to saw planks, and at last
+      fitted her &amp; got her home. But she cost a great deale of money, in
+      thus recovering her, and buying riging &amp; seails for her, both now
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span>and
+      when before she lost her mast; so as she proved a chargable vessell to y<sup>e</sup>
+      poor plantation. So they sent her home, and with her Lyford sent his last
+      letter, in great secrecie; but y<sup>e</sup> party intrusted with it gave
+      it y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The winter was passed over in ther ordinarie affairs, without any spetiall
+      mater worth noteing; saveing that many who before stood something of from
+      y<sup>e</sup> church, now seeing Lyfords unrighteous dealing, and
+      malignitie against y<sup>e</sup> church, now tendered them selves to y<sup>e</sup>
+      church, and were joyned to y<sup>e</sup> same; proffessing that it was not
+      out of y<sup>e</sup> dislike of any thing that they had stood of so long,
+      but a desire to fitte them selves beter for such a state, and they saw now
+      y<sup>e</sup> Lord cald for their help. [130] And so these troubls
+      prodused a quite contrary effecte in sundrie hear, then these adversaries
+      hoped for. Which was looked at as a great worke of God, to draw on men by
+      unlickly means; and that in reason which might rather have set them
+      further of. And thus I shall end this year.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1625" id="a1625"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1625.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At y<sup>e</sup> spring of y<sup>e</sup> year, about y<sup>e</sup> time of
+      their Election Court, Oldam came againe amongst them; and though it was a
+      part of his censure for his former mutinye and miscariage, not to returne
+      without leave first obtained, yet in his dareing spirite, he presumed
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span>without
+      any leave at all, being also set on &amp; hardened by y<sup>e</sup> ill
+      counsell of others. And not only so, but suffered his unruly passion to
+      rune beyond y<sup>e</sup> limits of all reason and modestie; in so much
+      that some strangers which came with him were ashamed of his outrage, and
+      rebuked him; but all reprofes were but as oyle to y<sup>e</sup> fire, and
+      made y<sup>e</sup> flame of his coller greater. He caled them all to
+      nought, in this his mad furie, and a hundred rebells and traytors, and I
+      know not what. But in conclusion they com&#773;ited him till he was tamer,
+      and then apointed a gard of musketers w<sup>ch</sup> he was to pass throw,
+      and ever one was ordered to give him a thump on y<sup>e</sup> brich, with
+      y<sup>e</sup> but end of his musket, and then was conveied to y<sup>e</sup>
+      water side, wher a boat was ready to cary him away. Then they bid him goe
+      &amp; mende his maners.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Whilst this was a doing, M<sup>r</sup>. William Peirce and M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslow came up from y<sup>e</sup> water side, being come from England;
+      but they were so busie with Oldam, as they never saw them till they came
+      thus upon them. They bid them not spare either him or Liford, for they had
+      played y<sup>e</sup> vilans with them. But that I may hear make an end
+      with him, I shall hear once for all relate what befell concerning him in y<sup>e</sup>
+      future, &amp; y<sup>t</sup> breefly. After y<sup>e</sup> removall of his
+      familie from hence, he fell into some straits, (as some others did,) and
+      aboute a year or more afterwards, towards winter, he intended a vioage for
+      Virginia; but it so <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span>pleased
+      God that y<sup>e</sup> barke that caried him, and many other passengers,
+      was in that danger, as they dispaired of life; so as many of them, as they
+      fell to prayer, so also did they begine to examine their consciences [131]
+      and confess such sins as did most burthen them. And M<sup>r</sup>. Ouldame
+      did make a free and large confession of y<sup>e</sup> wrongs and hurt he
+      had done to y<sup>e</sup> people and church here, in many perticulers,
+      that as he had sought their ruine, so God had now mette with him and might
+      destroy him; yea, he feared they all fared y<sup>e</sup> worce for his
+      sake; he prayed God to forgive him, and made vowes that, if y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord spard his life, he would become otherwise, and y<sup>e</sup> like.
+      This I had from some of good credite, yet living in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, and
+      were them selves partners in the same dangers on y<sup>e</sup> shoulds of
+      Cap-Codd, and heard it from his owne mouth. It pleased God to spare their
+      lives, though they lost their viage; and in time after wards, Ouldam
+      caried him selfe fairly towards them, and acknowledged y<sup>e</sup> hand
+      of God to be with them, and seemed to have an honourable respecte of them;
+      and so farr made his peace with them, as he in after time had libertie to
+      goe and come, and converse with them, at his pleasure. He went after this
+      to Virginia, and had ther a great sicknes, but recovered and came back
+      againe to his familie in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, and ther lived till some store
+      of people came over. At lenght going a trading in a smale vessell <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span>among y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indians, and being weakly mand, upon some quarell they knockt him on y<sup>e</sup>
+      head with a hatched, so as he fell downe dead, &amp; never spake word
+      more. 2. litle boys that were his kinsmen were saved, but had some hurte,
+      and y<sup>e</sup> vessell was strangly recovered from y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans by another that belonged to y<sup>e</sup> Bay of Massachusets; and
+      this his death was one ground of the Pequente warr which followed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I am now come to M<sup>r</sup>. Lyford. His time being now expired, his
+      censure was to take place. He was so farre from answering their hopes by
+      amendmente in y<sup>e</sup> time, as he had dubled his evill, as is before
+      noted. But first behold y<sup>e</sup> hand of God conceir&#773;ing him,
+      wherin that of y<sup>e</sup> Psalmist is verified. Psa: 7. 15. He hath
+      made a pitte, &amp; digged it, and is fallen into the pitte he made. He
+      thought to bring shame and disgrace upon them, but in stead therof opens
+      his owne to all y<sup>e</sup> world. For when he was delte with all aboute
+      his second letter, his wife was so affected with his doings, as she could
+      no longer conceaill her greefe and sorrow of minde, but opens y<sup>e</sup>
+      same to one of their deacons &amp; some other of her freinds, &amp; after
+      uttered y<sup>e</sup> same to M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce upon his arrivall.
+      Which was to this purpose, that she feared some great judgment of God
+      would fall upon them, and upon her, for her husbands cause; now that they
+      were to remove, she feared to fall into y<sup>e</sup> Indeans hands, and
+      to be defiled by them, as he had <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233"
+      id="Page_233">[233]</a></span>defiled other women; or some shuch like
+      [132] judgmente, as God had threatened David, 2. Sam. 12. 11. I will raise
+      up evill against y<sup>e</sup>, and will take thy wives &amp; give them,
+      &amp;c. And upon it showed how he had wronged her, as first he had a
+      bastard by another before they were maried, &amp; she having some inkling
+      of some ill cariage that way, when he was a suitor to her, she tould him
+      what she heard, &amp; deneyd him; but she not certainly knowing y<sup>e</sup>
+      thing, other wise then by some darke &amp; secrete muterings, he not only
+      stifly denied it, but to satisfie her tooke a solemne oath ther was no
+      shuch matter. Upon which she gave consente, and maried with him; but
+      afterwards it was found true, and y<sup>e</sup> bastard brought home to
+      them. She then charged him with his oath, but he prayed pardon, and said
+      he should els not have had her. And yet afterwards she could keep no maids
+      but he would be medling with them, and some time she hath taken him in y<sup>e</sup>
+      maner, as they lay at their beds feete, with shuch other circumstances as
+      I am ashamed to relate. The woman being a grave matron, &amp; of good
+      cariage all y<sup>e</sup> while she was hear, and spoake these things out
+      of y<sup>e</sup> sorrow of her harte, sparingly, and yet w<sup>th</sup>
+      some further intimations. And that which did most seeme to affecte her (as
+      they conceived) was, to see his former cariage in his repentance, not only
+      hear with y<sup>e</sup> church, but formerly about these things; sheding
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span>tears,
+      and using great &amp; sade expressions, and yet eftsone fall into the like
+      things.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Another thing of y<sup>e</sup> same nature did strangly concurr herewith.
+      When M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce were come over, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslow informed them that they had had y<sup>e</sup> like bickering with
+      Lyfords freinds in England, as they had with him selfe and his freinds
+      hear, aboute his letters &amp; accusations in them. And many meetings and
+      much clamour was made by his freinds theraboute, crying out, a minister, a
+      man so godly, to be so esteemed &amp; taxed they held a great skandale,
+      and threated to prosecute law against them for it. But things being
+      referred to a further meeting of most of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, to
+      heare y<sup>e</sup> case and decide y<sup>e</sup> matters, they agreed to
+      chose 2. eminente men for moderators in the bussines. Lyfords faction
+      chose M<sup>r</sup>. White, a counselor at law, the other parte chose Rev&#771;e<sup>d</sup>.
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Hooker, the minister, and many freinds on both sids were
+      brought in, so as ther was a great assemblie. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time,
+      God in his providence had detected Lyford's evill cariage in Ireland to
+      some freinds amongst y<sup>e</sup> company, who made it knowne to M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslow, and directed him to 2. godly and grave witnesses, who would
+      testifie y<sup>e</sup> same (if caled therunto) upon their oath. The thing
+      was this; he being gott into Ireland, had wound him selfe into y<sup>e</sup>
+      esteeme of sundry godly &amp; zelous professours in those parts, who,
+      having been burthened with y<sup>e</sup> ceremonies in England, found ther
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span>some
+      more liberty to their consciences; amongst whom were these 2. men, which
+      gave [133] this evidence. Amongst y<sup>e</sup> rest of his hearers, ther
+      was a godly yonge man that intended to marie, and cast his affection on a
+      maide which lived their aboute; but desiring to chose in y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord, and preferred y<sup>e</sup> fear of God before all other things,
+      before he suffered his affection to rune too farr, he resolved to take M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Lyfords advise and judgmente of this maide, (being y<sup>e</sup> minister
+      of y<sup>e</sup> place,) and so broak y<sup>e</sup> matter unto him; &amp;
+      he promised faithfully to informe him, but would first take better
+      knowledg of her, and have private conferance with her; and so had sundry
+      times; and in conclusion com&#773;ended her highly to y<sup>e</sup> yong
+      man as a very fitte wife for him. So they were maried togeather; but some
+      time after mariage the woman was much troubled in mind, and afflicted in
+      conscience, and did nothing but weepe and mourne, and long it was before
+      her husband could get of her what was y<sup>e</sup> cause. But at length
+      she discovered y<sup>e</sup> thing, and prayed him to forgive her, for
+      Lyford had overcome her, and defiled her body before marriage, after he
+      had comended him unto her for a husband, and she resolved to have him,
+      when he came to her in that private way. The circumstances I forbear, for
+      they would offend chast ears to hear them related, (for though he
+      satisfied his lust on her, yet he indeaoured to hinder conception.) These
+      things being thus discovered, y<sup>e</sup> wom&#257;s husband tooke some
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span>godly
+      freinds with him, to deale with Liford for this evill. At length he
+      confest it, with a great deale of seeming sorrow &amp; repentance, but was
+      forct to leave Irland upon it, partly for shame, and partly for fear of
+      further punishmente, for y<sup>e</sup> godly withdrew them selves from him
+      upon it; and so com&#773;ing into England unhapily he was light upon &amp;
+      sente hither.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But in this great assembly, and before y<sup>e</sup> moderators, in
+      handling y<sup>e</sup> former matters aboute y<sup>e</sup> letters, upon
+      provocation, in some heate of replie to some of Lyfords defenders, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslow let fall these words, That he had delte knavishly; upon which on
+      of his freinds tooke hold, &amp; caled for witneses, that he cald a
+      minister of y<sup>e</sup> gospell knave, and would prosecute law upon it,
+      which made a great tumulte, upon which (to be shorte) this matter broke
+      out, and the witnes were prodused, whose persons were so grave, and
+      evidence so plaine, and y<sup>e</sup> facte so foule, yet delivered in
+      such modest &amp; chast terms, and with such circumstances, as strucke all
+      his freinds mute, and made them all ashamed; insomuch as y<sup>e</sup>
+      moderators with great gravitie declared that y<sup>e</sup> former matters
+      gave them cause enough to refuse him &amp; to deal with him as they had
+      done, but these made him unmeete for ever to bear ministrie any more, what
+      repentance soever he should pretend; with much more to like effecte, and
+      so wisht his freinds to rest quiete. Thus was this matter ended.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From hence Lyford wente to Natasco, in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusets, with some other of his freinds with him, wher Oldom allso
+      lived. From thence he removed to Namkeke, since called Salem; but after
+      ther came some people over, wheather for hope of greater profite, or what
+      ends els I know not, he left his freinds that followed him, and went from
+      thence to Virginia, wher he shortly after dyed, and so I leave him to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord. His wife afterwards returned againe to this cuntry, and thus much of
+      this matter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [134] This storme being thus blowne over, yet sundrie sad effects followed
+      y<sup>e</sup> same; for the Company of Adventurers broake in peeces here
+      upon, and y<sup>e</sup> greatest parte wholy deserted y<sup>e</sup> colony
+      in regarde of any further supply, or care of their subsistance. And not
+      only so, but some of Lyfords &amp; Oldoms freinds, and their adherents,
+      set out a shipe on fishing, on their owne accounte, and getting y<sup>e</sup>
+      starte of y<sup>e</sup> ships that came to the plantation, they tooke away
+      their stage, &amp; other necessary provisions that they had made for
+      fishing at Cap-Anne y<sup>e</sup> year before, at their great charge, and
+      would not restore y<sup>e</sup> same, excepte they would fight for it. But
+      y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> sent some of y<sup>e</sup> planters to help
+      y<sup>e</sup> fisher men to build a new one, and so let them keepe it.
+      This shipe also brought them some small supply, of little value; but they
+      made so pore a bussines of their fishing, (neither could these men make
+      them any returne for y<sup>e</sup> supply sente,) so as, after this year,
+      they never looked more after them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Also by this ship, they, some of them, sent (in y<sup>e</sup> name of y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest) certaine reasons of their breaking of from y<sup>e</sup> plantation,
+      and some tenders, upon certaine conditions, of reuniting againe. The which
+      because they are longe &amp; tedious, and most of them aboute the former
+      things already touched, I shall omite them; only giveing an instance in
+      one, or tow. 1. reason, they charged them for dissembling with his
+      majestie in their petition, and with y<sup>e</sup> adventurers about y<sup>e</sup>
+      French discipline, &amp;c. 2<sup>ly</sup>, for receiving<a
+      name="FNanchor_BV_74" id="FNanchor_BV_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_BV_74"
+      class="fnanchor">[BV]</a> a man<a name="FNanchor_BW_75" id="FNanchor_BW_75"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_BW_75" class="fnanchor">[BW]</a> into their church, that
+      in his conffession renownced all, universall, nationall, and diocessan
+      churches, &amp;c., by which (say they) it appears, that though they deney
+      the name of Brow&#773;ists, yet they practiss y<sup>e</sup> same, &amp;c.
+      And therfore they should sin&#773;e against God in building up such a
+      people.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Then they adde: Our dislikes thus laid downe, that we may goe on in trade
+      w<sup>th</sup> better contente &amp; credite, our desires are as
+      followeth. First, that as we are partners in trade, so we may be in Gov&#771;<sup>rt</sup>
+      ther, as the patente doth give us power, &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      2. That the French discipline may be practised in the plantation, as well
+      in the circumstances theirof, as in y<sup>e</sup> substance; wherby y<sup>e</sup>
+      scandallous name of y<sup>e</sup> Brownists, and other church differences,
+      may be taken away.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      3. Lastly, that M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson and his company may not goe over
+      to our plantation, unless he and they <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span>will reconcile themselves to
+      our church by a recantation under their hands, &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Their answer in part to these things was then as foloweth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Wheras you taxe us for dissembling with his majestie &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+        adventurers aboute y<sup>e</sup> French discipline, you doe us wrong,
+        for we both hold &amp; practice y<sup>e</sup> discipline of y<sup>e</sup>
+        French &amp; other reformed churches, (as they have published y<sup>e</sup>
+        same in y<sup>e</sup> Harmony of Confessions,) according to our means,
+        in effecte &amp; substance. But wheras you would tye us to the French
+        discipline in every circumstance, you derogate from y<sup>e</sup>
+        libertie we have in Christ Jesus. The Apostle Paule would have none to
+        follow him in any thing but wherin he follows Christ, much less ought
+        any Christian or church in y<sup>e</sup> world to doe it. The French may
+        erre, we may erre, and other churches may erre, and doubtless doe in
+        many circumstances. That honour therfore belongs only to y<sup>e</sup>
+        infallible word of God, and pure Testamente of Christ, to be propounded
+        and followed as y<sup>e</sup> only rule and pattern for direction herin
+        to all churches &amp; Christians. And it is too great arrogancie for any
+        man, or church [135] to thinke y<sup>t</sup> he or they have so sounded
+        y<sup>e</sup> word of God to y<sup>e</sup> bottome, as precislie to sett
+        downe y<sup>e</sup> churches discipline, without error in substance or
+        circumstance, as y<sup>t</sup> no other without blame may digress or
+        differ in any thing from y<sup>e</sup> same. And it is not difficulte to
+        shew, y<sup>t</sup> the reformed churches differ in many circumstances
+        amongest them selves.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The rest I omitte, for brevities sake, and so leave to prosecute these men
+      or their doings any further, but shall returne to y<sup>e</sup> rest of
+      their freinds of y<sup>e</sup> company, w<sup>ch</sup> stuck to them. And
+      I shall first inserte some part <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240"
+      id="Page_240">[240]</a></span>of their letters as followeth; for I thinke
+      it best to render their minds in ther owne words.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        To our loving freinds, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Though the thing we feared be come upon us, and y<sup>e</sup> evill we
+        strove against have overtaken us, yet we cannot forgett you, nor our
+        freindship and fellowship which togeather we have had some years; wherin
+        though our expressions have been small, yet our harty affections towards
+        you (unknown by face) have been no less then to our nearest freinds,
+        yea, to our owne selves. And though this your friend M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Winslow can tell you y<sup>e</sup> state of things hear, yet least we
+        should seeme to neglecte you, to whom, by a wonderfull providence of
+        God, we are so nearly united, we have thought good once more to write
+        unto you, to let you know what is here befallen, and y<sup>e</sup>
+        resons of it; as also our purposes &amp; desirs toward you for
+        hereafter.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The former course for the generalitie here is wholy dissolved from what
+        it was; and wheras you &amp; we were formerly sharers and partners, in
+        all viages &amp; deallings, this way is now no more, but you and we are
+        left to bethinke our sellves what course to take in y<sup>e</sup>
+        future, that your lives &amp; our monies be not lost.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The reasons and causes of this allteration have been these. First and
+        mainly, y<sup>e</sup> many losses and crosses at sea, and abuses of
+        sea-men, w<sup>ch</sup> have caused us to rune into so much charge,
+        debts, &amp; ingagements, as our estats &amp; means were not able to goe
+        on without impoverishing our selves, except our estats had been greater,
+        and our associats cloven beter unto us. 2<sup>ly</sup>, as here hath
+        been a faction and siding amongst us now more then 2. years, so now
+        there is an uter breach and sequestration amongst us, and in too parts
+        of us a full dissertion and forsaking of you, without any intente or
+        purpose of medling more with you. And though we are perswaded <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span>the
+        maine cause of this their doing is wante of money, (for neede wherof men
+        use to make many excuses,) yet other things are pretended, as that you
+        are Brownists, &amp;c. Now what use you or we ought to make of these
+        things, it remaineth to be considered, for we know y<sup>e</sup> hand of
+        God to be in all these things, and no doubt he would admonish some thing
+        therby, and to looke what is amise. And allthough it be now too late for
+        us or you to prevent &amp; stay these things, yet it is<a
+        name="FNanchor_BX_76" id="FNanchor_BX_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_BX_76"
+        class="fnanchor">[BX]</a> not to late to exercise patience, wisdom, and
+        conscience in bearing them, and in caring our selves in &amp; under them
+        for y<sup>e</sup> time to come.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        [136] And as we our selves stand ready to imbrace all occasions that may
+        tend to y<sup>e</sup> furthrance of so hopefull a work, rather admiring
+        of what is, then grudging for what is not; so it must rest in you to
+        make all good againe. And if in nothing else you can be approved, yet
+        let your honestie &amp; conscience be still approved, &amp; lose not one
+        jote of you<sup>r</sup> innocencie, amids your crosses &amp;
+        afflictions. And surly if you upon this allteration behave your selves
+        wisly, and goe on fairly, as men whose hope is not in this life, you
+        shall need no other weapon to wound your adversaries; for when your
+        righteousnes is revealled as y<sup>e</sup> light, they shall cover their
+        faces with shame, that causlesly have sought your overthrow.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Now we thinke it but reason, that all such things as ther apertaine to
+        the generall, be kept &amp; preserved togeather, and rather increased
+        dayly, then any way be dispersed or imbeseled away for any private ends
+        or intents whatsoever. And after your necessities are served, you gather
+        togeather such com&#773;odities as y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie yeelds, &amp;
+        send them over to pay debts &amp; clear ingagements hear, which are not
+        less then 1400<sup>li</sup>. And we hope you will doe your best to free
+        our ingagements, &amp;c. Let us all indeavor to keep a faire &amp;
+        honest course, and see <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242"
+        id="Page_242">[242]</a></span>what time will bring forth, and how God in
+        his providence will worke for us. We still are perswaded you are y<sup>e</sup>
+        people that must make a plantation in those remoate places when all
+        others faile and returne. And your experience of Gods providence and
+        preservation of you is such as we hope your harts will not faile you,
+        though your freinds should forsake you (which we our selves shall not
+        doe whilst we live, so long as your honestie so well appereth). Yet
+        surly help would arise from some other place whilst you waite on God,
+        with uprightnes, though we should leave you allso.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        And lastly be you all intreated to walke circumspectly, and carry your
+        selves so uprightly in all your ways, as y<sup>t</sup> no man may make
+        just exceptions against you. And more espetially that y<sup>e</sup>
+        favour and countenance of God may be so toward you, as y<sup>t</sup> you
+        may find abundante joye &amp; peace even amids tribulations, that you
+        may say with David, Though my father &amp; mother should forsake me, yet
+        y<sup>e</sup> Lord would take me up.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        We have sent you hear some catle, cloath, hose, shoes, leather, &amp;c.,
+        but in another nature then formerly, as it stood us in hand to doe; we
+        have com&#773;itted them to y<sup>e</sup> charge &amp; custody of M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allerton and M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, as our factours, at whose
+        discretion they are to be sould, and com&#773;odities to be taken for
+        them, as is fitting. And by how much y<sup>e</sup> more they will be
+        chargable unto you, the better<a name="FNanchor_BY_77"
+        id="FNanchor_BY_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_BY_77" class="fnanchor">[BY]</a>
+        they had need to be husbanded, &amp;c. Goe on, good freinds,
+        comfortably, pluck up your spirits, and quitte your selves like men in
+        all your difficulties, that notwithstanding all displeasure and threats
+        of men, yet y<sup>e</sup> work may goe on you are aboute, and not be
+        neglected. Which is so much for y<sup>e</sup> glorie of God, and the
+        furthrance of our countrie-men, as that a man may with more comforte
+        [137] spend his life in it, then live y<sup>e</sup> life of Mathusala,
+        in wasting y<sup>e</sup> plentie of a tilled land, or eating y<sup>e</sup>
+        fruite of a growne tree. Thus with harty salutations to <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span>you
+        all, and harty prayers for you all, we lovingly take our leaves, this
+        18. of Des: 1624.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your assured freinds to our powers,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">J. S. &nbsp;W. C. &nbsp;T. F. &nbsp;R. H. &amp;c.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      By this leter it appears in what state y<sup>e</sup> affairs of y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation stood at this time. These goods they bought, but they were at
+      deare rates, for they put 40. in y<sup>e</sup> hundred upon them, for
+      profite and adventure, outward bound; and because of y<sup>e</sup> v&#773;nture
+      of y<sup>e</sup> paiment homeward, they would have 30.<a
+      name="FNanchor_BZ_78" id="FNanchor_BZ_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_BZ_78"
+      class="fnanchor">[BZ]</a> in y<sup>e</sup> 100. more, which was in all 70.
+      p&#818;<sup>r</sup>. cent; a thing thought unreasonable by some, and too
+      great an oppression upon y<sup>e</sup> poore people, as their case stood.
+      The catle were y<sup>e</sup> best goods, for y<sup>e</sup> other being
+      ventured ware, were neither at y<sup>e</sup> best (some of them) nor at y<sup>e</sup>
+      best prises. Sundrie of their freinds disliked these high rates, but com&#773;ing
+      from many hands, they could not help it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They sent over also 2. ships on fishing on their owne acounte; the one was
+      y<sup>e</sup> pinass that was cast away y<sup>e</sup> last year hear in y<sup>e</sup>
+      cuntrie, and recovered by y<sup>e</sup> planters, (as was before related,)
+      who, after she came home, was attached by one of y<sup>e</sup> company for
+      his perticuler debte, and now sent againe on this accounte. The other was
+      a great ship, who was well fitted with an experienced m<sup>r</sup>. &amp;
+      company of fisher-men, to make a viage, &amp; to goe to Bilbo or
+      Sabastians with her fish; the lesser, her order was <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span>to load with cor-fish, and
+      to bring the beaver home for England, y<sup>t</sup> should be received for
+      y<sup>e</sup> goods sould to y<sup>e</sup> plantation. This bigger ship
+      made a great viage of good drie fish, the which, if they had gone to a
+      market w<sup>th</sup>, would have yeelded them (as such fish was sould y<sup>t</sup>
+      season) 1800<sup>li</sup>. which would have enriched them. But because
+      ther was a bruite of warr with France, y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>.
+      neglected (through timerousnes) his order, and put first into Plimoth,
+      &amp; after into Portsmouth, and so lost their opportunitie, and came by
+      the loss. The lesser ship had as ill success, though she was as hopfull as
+      y<sup>e</sup> other for y<sup>e</sup> marchants profite; for they had fild
+      her with goodly cor-fish taken upon y<sup>e</sup> banke, as full as she
+      could swime; and besids she had some 800<sup>li</sup>. weaight of beaver,
+      besids other furrs to a good value from y<sup>e</sup> plantation. The m<sup>r</sup>.
+      seeing so much goods come, put it abord y<sup>e</sup> biger ship, for more
+      saftie; but M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow (their factor in this busines) was
+      bound in a bond of 500<sup>li</sup>. to send it to London in y<sup>e</sup>
+      smale ship; ther was some contending between y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>,
+      &amp; him aboute it. But he tould y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. he would
+      follow his order aboute it; if he would take it out afterward, it should
+      be at his perill. So it went in y<sup>e</sup> smale ship, and he sent
+      bills of lading in both. The m<sup>r</sup>. was so carfull being both so
+      well laden, as they went joyfully home togeather, for he towed y<sup>e</sup>
+      leser ship at his sterne all y<sup>e</sup> way over bound, and they had
+      such fayr weather as he never cast her of till they were shott deep in to
+      y<sup>e</sup> English Chanell, almost within y<sup>e</sup> sight of
+      Plimoth; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span>and
+      yet ther she was unhaply taken by a Turks man of warr, and carried into
+      Saly, wher y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. and men were made slaves, and many
+      of y<sup>e</sup> beaver skins were sould for 4<sup>d</sup>. a peece. [138]
+      Thus was all their hops dasht, and the joyfull news they ment to cary home
+      turned to heavie tidings. Some thought this a hand of God for their too
+      great exaction of y<sup>e</sup> poore plantation, but Gods judgments are
+      unseerchable, neither dare I be bould therwith: but however it shows us y<sup>e</sup>
+      uncertainty of all humane things, and what litle cause ther is of joying
+      in them or trusting to them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In y<sup>e</sup> bigger of these ships was sent over Captine Standish from
+      y<sup>e</sup> plantation, w<sup>th</sup> leters &amp; instructions, both
+      to their freinds of y<sup>e</sup> company which still clave to them, and
+      also to y<sup>e</sup> Honourable Counsell of New-England. To y<sup>e</sup>
+      company to desire y<sup>t</sup> seeing that they ment only to let them
+      have goods upon sale, that they might have them upon easier termes, for
+      they should never be able to bear such high intrest, or to allow so much
+      per cent; also that what they would doe in y<sup>t</sup> way that it might
+      be disburst in money, or such goods as were fitte and needfull for them,
+      &amp; bought at best hand; and to aquainte them with y<sup>e</sup>
+      contents of his leters to y<sup>e</sup> Counsell above said, which was to
+      this purpose, to desire their favour &amp; help; that such of y<sup>e</sup>
+      adventurers as had thus forsaken &amp; deserted them, might be brought to
+      some order, and not to keepe them bound, and them selves be free. But that
+      they might either stand to ther former <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span>covenants, or ells come to
+      some faire end, by dividente, or composition. But he came in a very bad
+      time, for y<sup>e</sup> Stat was full of trouble, and y<sup>e</sup> plague
+      very hote in London, so as no bussines could be done; yet he spake with
+      some of y<sup>e</sup> Honourd Counsell, who promised all helpfullnes to y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation which lay in them. And sundrie of their freinds y<sup>e</sup>
+      adventurers were so weakened with their losses y<sup>e</sup> last year, by
+      y<sup>e</sup> losse of y<sup>e</sup> ship taken by the Turks, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      loss of their fish, w<sup>ch</sup> by reason of y<sup>e</sup> warrs they
+      were forcte to land at Portsmouth, and so came to litle; so as, though
+      their wills were good, yet they<sup>r</sup> power was litle. And ther dyed
+      such multituds weekly of y<sup>e</sup> plague, as all trade was dead, and
+      litle money stirring. Yet with much adooe he tooke up 150<sup>li</sup>. (&amp;
+      spent a good deal of it in expences) at 50. per cent, which he bestowed in
+      trading goods &amp; such other most needfull comodities as he knew
+      requiset for their use; and so returned passenger in a fhishing ship,
+      haveing prepared a good way for y<sup>e</sup> compossition that was
+      afterward made.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In y<sup>e</sup> mean time it pleased y<sup>e</sup> Lord to give y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation peace and health and contented minds, and so to blese ther
+      labours, as they had corne sufficient, (and some to spare to others,) with
+      other foode; neither ever had they any supply of foode but what they first
+      brought with them. After harvest this year, they sende out a boats load of
+      corne 40. or 50. leagues to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, up a river called
+      Kenibeck; it being one of those <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247"
+      id="Page_247">[247]</a></span>2. shalops which their carpenter had built
+      them y<sup>e</sup> year before; for bigger vessell had they none. They had
+      laid a litle deck over her midships to keepe y<sup>e</sup> corne drie, but
+      y<sup>e</sup> men were faine to stand it out all weathers without shelter;
+      and y<sup>t</sup> time [139] of y<sup>e</sup> year begins to growe
+      tempestious. But God preserved them, and gave them good success, for they
+      brought home 700<sup>li</sup>. of beaver, besids some other furrs, having
+      litle or nothing els but this corne, which them selves had raised out of y<sup>e</sup>
+      earth. This viage was made by M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow &amp; some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      old standards,<a name="FNanchor_CA_79" id="FNanchor_CA_79"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_CA_79" class="fnanchor">[CA]</a> for seamen they had none.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1626" id="a1626"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1626.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      About y<sup>e</sup> begining of Aprill they heard of Captain Standish his
+      arrivall, and sent a boat to fetch him home, and y<sup>e</sup> things he
+      had brought. Welcome he was, but y<sup>e</sup> news he broughte was sadd
+      in many regards; not only in regarde of the former losses, before related,
+      which their freinds had suffered, by which some in a maner were undon,
+      others much disabled from doing any further help, and some dead of y<sup>e</sup>
+      plague, but also y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson, their pastor, was
+      dead, which struck them with much sorrow &amp; sadnes, as they had cause.
+      His and their adversaries had been long &amp; continually plotting how
+      they might hinder his coming hither, but y<sup>e</sup> Lord had appointed
+      him a better place; concerning <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248"
+      id="Page_248">[248]</a></span>whose death &amp; the maner therof, it will
+      appere by these few lines write to Gov<sup>r</sup> &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Brewster.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Loving &amp; kind frinds, &amp;c. I know not whether this will ever come
+        to your hands, or miscarie, as other my letters have done; yet in regard
+        of y<sup>e</sup> Lords dealing with us hear, I have had a great desire
+        to write unto you, knowing your desire to bear a parte with us, both in
+        our joyes, &amp; sorrows, as we doe w<sup>th</sup> you. These are
+        therfore to give you to understand, that it hath pleased the Lord to
+        take out of this vaell of tears, your and our loving &amp; faithfull
+        pastor, and my dear &amp; Reve<sup>d</sup> brother, M<sup>r</sup>. John
+        Robinson, who was sick some 8. days. He begane to be sick on Saturday in
+        y<sup>e</sup> morning, yet y<sup>e</sup> next day (being the Lords day)
+        he taught us twise. And so y<sup>e</sup> weeke after grew weaker, every
+        day more then other; yet he felt no paine but weaknes all y<sup>e</sup>
+        time of his sicknes. The phisick he tooke wrought kindly in mans
+        judgmente, but he grew weaker every day, feeling litle or no paine, and
+        sensible to y<sup>e</sup> very last. He fell sicke y<sup>e</sup> 22. of
+        Feb: and departed this life y<sup>e</sup> 1. of March. He had a
+        continuall inwarde ague, but free from infection, so y<sup>t</sup> all
+        his freinds came freely to him. And if either prayers, tears, or means,
+        would have saved his life, he had not gone hence. But he having
+        faithfully finished his course, and performed his worke which y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord had appointed him here to doe, he now resteth with y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord in eternall hapines. We wanting him &amp; all Church Gov<sup>rs</sup>,
+        yet we still (by y<sup>e</sup> mercie of God) continue &amp; hould close
+        togeather, in peace and quietnes; and so hope we shall doe, though we be
+        very weake. Wishing (if such were y<sup>e</sup> will of God) that you
+        &amp; we were againe united togeather in one, either ther or here; but
+        seeing it is y<sup>e</sup> will of y<sup>e</sup> Lord thus to dispose of
+        things, we must labour w<sup>th</sup> patience to rest contented, till
+        it please y<sup>e</sup> Lord otherwise to dispose. For [140] news, is
+        here not much; only as in England we have <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span>lost our old king James,
+        who departed this life aboute a month agoe, so here they have lost y<sup>e</sup>
+        old prince, Grave Mourise; who both departed this life since my brother
+        Robinson. And as in England we have a new-king Charls, of whom ther is
+        great hope, so hear they have made prince Hendrick Generall in his
+        brothers place, &amp;c. Thus with my love remembred, I take leave &amp;
+        rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your assured loving friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Roger White.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Leyden, Aprill 28.<br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;An<sup>o</sup>:
+        1625.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Thus these too great princes, and their pastor, left this world near
+      aboute one time. Death maks no difference.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He further brought them notice of y<sup>e</sup> death of their anciente
+      friend, Mr. Cush-man, whom y<sup>e</sup> Lord tooke away allso this year,
+      &amp; aboute this time, who was as their right hand with their freinds y<sup>e</sup>
+      adventurers, and for diverce years had done &amp; agitated all their
+      bussines with them to ther great advantage. He had write to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gove<sup>r</sup> but some few months before, of y<sup>e</sup> sore sicknes
+      of M<sup>r</sup>. James Sherley, who was a cheefe friend to y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation, and lay at y<sup>e</sup> pointe of death, declaring his love
+      &amp; helpfullnes, in all things; and much bemoned the loss they should
+      have of him, if God should now take him away, as being y<sup>e</sup> stay
+      &amp; life of y<sup>e</sup> whole bussines. As allso his owne purposs this
+      year to come over, and spend his days with them. But he that thus write of
+      anothers sicknes, knew not y<sup>t</sup> his owne death was so near. It
+      shows allso that a m&#257;s ways are not in his owne power, but in his
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span>hands
+      who hath y<sup>e</sup> issues of life and death. Man may purpose, but God
+      doth dispose.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Their other freinds from Leyden writ many leters to them full of sad
+      laments for ther heavie loss; and though their wills were good to come to
+      them, yet they saw no probabilitie of means, how it might be effected, but
+      concluded (as it were) that all their hopes were cutt of; and many, being
+      aged, begane to drop away by death.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All which things (before related) being well weighed and laied togither,
+      it could not but strick them with great perplexitie; and to looke humanly
+      on y<sup>e</sup> state of things as they presented them selves at this
+      time, it is a marvell it did not wholy discourage them, and sinck them.
+      But they gathered up their spirits, and y<sup>e</sup> Lord so helped them,
+      whose worke they had in hand, as now when they were at lowest<a
+      name="FNanchor_CB_80" id="FNanchor_CB_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_CB_80"
+      class="fnanchor">[CB]</a> they begane to rise againe, and being striped
+      (in a maner) of all humane helps and hops, he brought things aboute other
+      wise, in his devine providence, as they were not only upheld &amp;
+      sustained, but their proceedings both honoured and imitated by others; as
+      by y<sup>e</sup> sequell will more appeare, if y<sup>e</sup> Lord spare me
+      life &amp; time to declare y<sup>e</sup> same.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Haveing now no fishing busines, or other things to intend, but only their
+      trading &amp; planting, they sett them selves to follow the same with y<sup>e</sup>
+      best industrie they could. The planters finding their corne, what they
+      could spare from ther necessities, to be a com&#773;oditie, (for they
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span>sould
+      it at 6<sup>s</sup>. a bushell,) used great dilligence in planting y<sup>e</sup>
+      same. And y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> and such as were designed to
+      manage the trade, (for it was retained for y<sup>e</sup> generall good,
+      [141] and none were to trade in perticuler,) they followed it to the best
+      advantage they could; and wanting trading goods, they understoode that a
+      plantation which was at Monhigen, &amp; belonged to some marchants of
+      Plimoth was to breake up, and diverse usefull goods was ther to be sould;
+      the Gove<sup>r</sup> and M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow tooke a boat and some
+      hands and went thither. But M<sup>r</sup>. David Thomson, who lived at
+      Pascataway, understanding their purpose, tooke oppertunitie to goe with
+      them, which was some hinderance to them both; for they, perceiveing their
+      joynte desires to buy, held their goods at higher rates; and not only so,
+      but would not sell a parcell of their trading goods, excepte they sould
+      all. So, lest they should further prejudice one an other, they agreed to
+      buy all, &amp; devid them equally between them. They bought allso a
+      parcell of goats, which they distributed at home as they saw neede &amp;
+      occasion, and tooke corne for them of y<sup>e</sup> people, which gave
+      them good content. Their moyety of y<sup>e</sup> goods came to above 400<sup>li</sup>.
+      starling. Ther was allso that spring a French ship cast away at
+      Sacadahock, in w<sup>ch</sup> were many Biscaie ruggs &amp; other com&#773;odities,
+      which were falen into these mens hands, &amp; some other fisher men at
+      Damerins-cove, which were allso bought in partnership, and made their
+      parte arise to above 500<sup>li</sup>. This they made shift to pay for,
+      for y<sup>e</sup> most <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252"
+      id="Page_252">[252]</a></span>part, with y<sup>e</sup> beaver &amp;
+      comodities they had gott y<sup>e</sup> winter before, &amp; what they had
+      gathered up y<sup>t</sup> somer. M<sup>r</sup>. Thomson having some thing
+      overcharged him selfe, desired they would take some of his, but they
+      refused except he would let them have his French goods only; and y<sup>e</sup>
+      marchant (who was one of Bristol) would take their bill for to be paid y<sup>e</sup>
+      next year. They were both willing, so they became ingaged for them &amp;
+      tooke them. By which means they became very well furnished for trade; and
+      tooke of therby some other ingagments w<sup>ch</sup> lay upon them, as the
+      money taken up by Captaine Standish, and y<sup>e</sup> remains of former
+      debts. With these goods, and their corne after harvest, they gott good
+      store of trade, so as they were enabled to pay their ingagements against y<sup>e</sup>
+      time, &amp; to get some cloathing for y<sup>e</sup> people, and had some
+      comodities before hand. But now they begane to be envied, and others wente
+      and fild y<sup>e</sup> Indeans with corne, and beat downe y<sup>e</sup>
+      prise, giveing them twise as much as they had done, and under traded them
+      in other comodities allso.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year they sent M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton into England, and gave him
+      order to make a composition with y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, upon as good
+      termes as he could (unto which some way had ben made y<sup>e</sup> year
+      before by Captaine Standish); but yet injoyned him not to conclud
+      absolutly till they knew y<sup>e</sup> termes, and had well considered of
+      them; but to drive it to as good an issew as he could, and referr y<sup>e</sup>
+      conclusion to them. Also they gave him a com&#773;ission <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span>under
+      their hands &amp; seals to take up some money, provided it exeeded not
+      such a sum&#773;e specified, for which they engaged them selves, and gave
+      him order how to lay out y<sup>e</sup> same for y<sup>e</sup> use of y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And finding they ran&#773;e a great hazard to goe so long viages in a
+      smale open boat, espetialy y<sup>e</sup> winter season, they begane to
+      thinke how they might gett a small pinass; as for y<sup>e</sup> reason
+      afforesaid, so also because others had raised y<sup>e</sup> prise with y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans above y<sup>e</sup> halfe of what they had formerly given, so as
+      in such a boat they could not [143<a name="FNanchor_CC_81"
+      id="FNanchor_CC_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_CC_81" class="fnanchor">[CC]</a>]
+      carry a quantity sufficient to answer their ends. They had no
+      ship-carpenter amongst them, neither knew how to get one at presente; but
+      they having an ingenious man that was a house carpenter, who also had
+      wrought with y<sup>e</sup> ship carpenter (that was dead) when he built
+      their boats, at their request he put forth him selfe to make a triall that
+      way of his skill; and tooke one of y<sup>e</sup> bigest of ther shalops
+      and sawed her in y<sup>e</sup> midle, and so lenthened her some 5. or 6.
+      foote, and strengthened her with timbers, and so builte her up, and laid a
+      deck on her; and so made her a conveniente and wholsome vessell, very fitt
+      &amp; comfortable for their use, which did them servise 7. years after;
+      and they gott her finished, and fitted with sayles &amp; anchors, y<sup>e</sup>
+      insuing year. And thus passed y<sup>e</sup> affairs of this year. <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1627" id="a1627"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1627.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At y<sup>e</sup> usuall season of y<sup>e</sup> coming of ships M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton returned, and brought some usfull goods with him, according to y<sup>e</sup>
+      order given him. For upon his commission he tooke up 200<sup>li</sup>.
+      which he now gott at 30. per cent. The which goods they gott safly home,
+      and well conditioned, which was much to the comfort &amp; contente of y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation. He declared unto them, allso, how, with much adoe and no small
+      trouble, he had made a composition with y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, by the
+      help of sundrie of their faithfull freinds ther, who had allso tooke much
+      pains ther about. The agreement or bargen he had brought a draught of,
+      with a list of ther names ther too annexed, drawne by the best counsell of
+      law they could get, to make it firme. The heads wherof I shall here
+      inserte.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        To all Christian people, greeting, &amp;c. Wheras at a meeting y<sup>e</sup>
+        26. of October last past, diverse &amp; sundrie persons, whose names to
+        y<sup>e</sup> one part of these presents are subscribed in a schedule
+        hereunto annexed, Adventurers to New-Plimoth in New-England in America,
+        were contented and agreed, in consideration of the sume of one thousand
+        and eight hundred pounds sterling to be paid, (in maner and forme
+        folling,) to sell, and make sale of all &amp; every y<sup>e</sup>
+        stocks, shares, lands, marchandise, and chatles, what soever, to y<sup>e</sup>
+        said adventurers, and other ther fellow adventurers to New Plimoth
+        aforesaid, any way accruing, or belonging to y<sup>e</sup> generalitie
+        of y<sup>e</sup> said adventurers aforesaid; as well by reason of any
+        sume or sumes <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span>of
+        money, or marchandise, at any time heretofore adventured or disbursed by
+        them, or other wise howsoever; for y<sup>e</sup> better expression and
+        setting forth of which said agreemente, the parties to these presents
+        subscribing, doe for [144] them selves severally, and as much as in them
+        is, grant, bargan, alien, sell, and transfere all &amp; every y<sup>e</sup>
+        said shares, goods, lands, marchandice, and chatles to them belonging as
+        aforesaid, unto Isaack Alerton, one of y<sup>e</sup> planters resident
+        at Plimoth afforesaid, assigned, and sent over as agente for y<sup>e</sup>
+        rest of y<sup>e</sup> planters ther, and to such other planters at
+        Plimoth afforesaid as y<sup>e</sup> said Isack, his heirs, or assignes,
+        at his or ther arrivall, shall by writing or otherwise thinke fitte to
+        joyne or partake in y<sup>e</sup> premisses, their heirs, &amp;
+        assignes, in as large, ample, and beneficiall maner and forme, to all
+        intents and purposes, as y<sup>e</sup> said subscribing adventurers here
+        could or may doe, or performe. All which stocks, shares, lands, &amp;c.
+        to the said adven: in severallitie alloted, apportioned, or any way
+        belonging, the said adven: doe warrant &amp; defend unto the said Isaack
+        Allerton, his heirs and assignes, against them, their heirs and
+        assignes, by these presents. And therfore y<sup>e</sup> said Isaack
+        Allerton doth, for him, his heirs &amp; assigns, covenant, promise,
+        &amp; grant too &amp; with y<sup>e</sup> adven: whose names are here
+        unto subscribed, ther heirs, &amp;c. well &amp; truly to pay, or cause
+        to be payed, unto y<sup>e</sup> said adven: or 5. of them which were, at
+        y<sup>t</sup> meeting afforsaid, nominated &amp; deputed, viz. <i>John
+        Pocock</i>, <i>John Beachamp</i>, <i>Robart Keane</i>, <i>Edward Base</i>,
+        and <i>James Sherley</i>, marchants, their heirs, &amp;c. too and for y<sup>e</sup>
+        use of y<sup>e</sup> generallitie of them, the sume of 1800<sup>li</sup>.
+        of lawfull money of England, at y<sup>e</sup> place appoynted for y<sup>e</sup>
+        receipts of money, on the west side of y<sup>e</sup> Royall Exchaing in
+        London, by 200<sup>li</sup>. yearly, and every year, on y<sup>e</sup>
+        feast of St. Migchell, the first paiment to be made An<sup>o</sup>:
+        1628. &amp;c. Allso y<sup>e</sup> said Isaack is to indeavor to procure
+        &amp; obtaine from the planters of N. P. aforesaid, securitie, by
+        severall obligations, or writings obligatory, <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span>to make paiment of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said sume of 1800<sup>li</sup>. in forme afforsaid, according to y<sup>e</sup>
+        true meaning of these presents. In testimonie wherof to this part of
+        these presents remaining with y<sup>e</sup> said Isaack Allerton, y<sup>e</sup>
+        said subscribing adven: have sett to their names,<a name="FNanchor_CD_82"
+        id="FNanchor_CD_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_CD_82" class="fnanchor">[CD]</a>
+        &amp;c. And to y<sup>e</sup> other part remaining with y<sup>e</sup>
+        said adven: the said Isaack Allerton hath subscribed his name, y<sup>e</sup>
+        <i>15. Nov<sup>br</sup> An<sup>o</sup>: 1626. in y<sup>e</sup> 2. year
+        of his Majesties raigne</i>.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This agreemente was very well liked of, &amp; approved by all y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation, and consented unto; though they knew not well how to raise y<sup>e</sup>
+      payment, and discharge their other ingagements, and supply the yearly
+      wants of y<sup>e</sup> plantation, seeing they were forced for their
+      necessities to take up money or goods at so high intrests. Yet they
+      undertooke it, and 7. or 8. of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> place
+      became joyntly bound for y<sup>e</sup> paimente of this 1800<sup>li</sup>.
+      (in y<sup>e</sup> behalfe of y<sup>e</sup> rest) at y<sup>e</sup> severall
+      days. In which they rane a great adventure, as their present state stood,
+      having many other heavie burthens allready upon them, and all things in an
+      uncertaine condition amongst them. So y<sup>e</sup> next returne it was
+      absolutly confirmed on both sids, and y<sup>e</sup> bargen fairly
+      ingrossed in partchmente and in many things put into better forme, by y<sup>e</sup>
+      advice of y<sup>e</sup> learnedest counsell they could gett; and least any
+      forfeiture should fall on y<sup>e</sup> whole for none paimente at any of
+      y<sup>e</sup> days, it rane thus: to forfite 30<sup>s</sup>. a weeke if
+      they missed y<sup>e</sup> time; and was concluded under their hands &amp;
+      seals, as may be seen at large by y<sup>e</sup> deed it selfe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [145] Now though they had some untowarde persons mixed amongst them from
+      the first, which came out of England, and more afterwards by some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      adventurers, as freindship or other affections led them,&mdash;though
+      sundrie were gone, some for Virginia, and some to other places,&mdash;yet
+      diverse were still mingled amongst them, about whom y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup>
+      &amp; counsell with <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span>other
+      of their cheefe freinds had serious consideration, how to setle things in
+      regard of this new bargen or purchas made, in respecte of y<sup>e</sup>
+      distribution of things both for y<sup>e</sup> presente and future. For y<sup>e</sup>
+      present, excepte peace and union were preserved, they should be able to
+      doe nothing, but indanger to over throw all, now that other tyes &amp;
+      bonds were taken away. Therfore they resolved, for sundrie reasons, to
+      take in all amongst them, that were either heads of families, or single
+      yonge men, that were of abillity, and free, (and able to governe them
+      selvs with meete descretion, and their affairs, so as to be helpfull in y<sup>e</sup>
+      comone-welth,) into this partnership or purchass. First, y<sup>ey</sup>
+      considered that they had need of men &amp; strength both for defence and
+      carrying on of bussinesses. 2<sup>ly</sup>, most of them had borne ther
+      parts in former miseries &amp; wants with them, and therfore (in some
+      sort) but equall to partake in a better condition, if y<sup>e</sup> Lord
+      be pleased to give it. But cheefly they saw not how peace would be
+      preserved without so doing, but danger &amp; great disturbance might grow
+      to their great hurte &amp; prejudice other wise. Yet they resolved to keep
+      such a mean in distribution of lands, and other courses, as should not
+      hinder their growth in others coming to them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So they caled y<sup>e</sup> company togeather, and conferred with them,
+      and came to this conclusion, that y<sup>e</sup> trade should be managed as
+      before, to help to pay the debts; and all such persons as were above named
+      should be <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span>reputed
+      and inrouled for purchasers; single free men to have a single share, and
+      every father of a familie to be alowed to purchass so many shares as he
+      had persons in his family; that is to say, one for him selfe, and one for
+      his wife, and for every child that he had living with him, one. As for
+      servants, they had none, but what either their maisters should give them
+      out of theirs, or their deservings should obtaine from y<sup>e</sup>
+      company afterwards. Thus all were to be cast into single shares according
+      to the order abovesaid; and so every one was to pay his part according to
+      his proportion towards y<sup>e</sup> purchass, &amp; all other debts, what
+      y<sup>e</sup> profite of y<sup>e</sup> trade would not reach too; viz. a
+      single man for a single share, a maister of a famalie for so many as he
+      had. This gave all good contente. And first accordingly the few catle
+      which they had were devided, which arose to this proportion; a cowe to 6.
+      persons or shars, &amp; 2. goats to y<sup>e</sup> same, which were first
+      equalised for age &amp; goodnes, and then lotted for; single persons
+      consorting with others, as they thought good, &amp; smaler familys
+      likwise; and swine though more [146] in number, yet by y<sup>e</sup> same
+      rule. Then they agreed that every person or share should have 20. acres of
+      land devided unto them, besids y<sup>e</sup> single acres they had
+      allready; and they appoynted were to begin first on y<sup>e</sup> one side
+      of y<sup>e</sup> towne, &amp; how farr to goe; and then on y<sup>e</sup>
+      other side in like maner; and so to devid it by lotte; and appointed
+      sundrie by <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span>name
+      to doe it, and tyed them to certaine ruls to proceed by; as that they
+      should only lay out settable or tillable land, at least such of it as
+      should butt on y<sup>e</sup> water side, (as y<sup>e</sup> most they were
+      to lay out did,) and pass by y<sup>e</sup> rest as refuse and com&#773;une;
+      and what they judged fitte should be so taken. And they were first to
+      agree of y<sup>e</sup> goodnes &amp; fitnes of it before the lott was
+      drawne, and so it might as well prove some of ther owne, as an other mans;
+      and this course they were to hould throwout. But yet seekeing to keepe y<sup>e</sup>
+      people togither, as much as might be, they allso agreed upon this order,
+      by mutuall consente, before any lots were cast: that whose lotts soever
+      should fall next y<sup>e</sup> towne, or most conveninte for nearnes, they
+      should take to them a neigboure or tow, whom they best liked; and should
+      suffer them to plant corne with them for 4. years; and afterwards they
+      might use as much of theirs for as long time, if they would. Allso every
+      share or 20. acers was to be laid out 5. acres in breadth by y<sup>e</sup>
+      water side, and 4. acres in lenght, excepting nooks &amp; corners, which
+      were to be measured as y<sup>ey</sup> would bear to best advantage. But no
+      meadows were to be laid out at all, nor were not of many years after,
+      because they were but streight of meadow grounds; and if they had bene now
+      given out, it would have hindred all addition to them afterwards; but
+      every season all were appoynted wher they should mowe, according to y<sup>e</sup>
+      proportion of catle they had. This <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261"
+      id="Page_261">[261]</a></span>distribution gave generally good contente,
+      and setled mens minds. Also they gave y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> &amp;
+      4. or 5. of y<sup>e</sup> spetiall men amongst them, y<sup>e</sup> houses
+      they lived in; y<sup>e</sup> rest were valued &amp; equalised at an
+      indiferent rate, and so every man kept his owne, and he that had a better
+      alowed some thing to him that had a worse, as y<sup>e</sup> valuation
+      wente.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ther is one thing that fell out in y<sup>e</sup> begining of y<sup>e</sup>
+      winter before, which I have refferred to this place, that I may handle y<sup>e</sup>
+      whole matter togeither. Ther was a ship, with many passengers in her and
+      sundrie goods, bound for Virginia. They had lost them selves at sea,
+      either by y<sup>e</sup> insufficiencie of y<sup>e</sup> maister, or his
+      ilnes; for he was sick &amp; lame of y<sup>e</sup> scurvie, so that he
+      could but lye in y<sup>e</sup> cabin dore, &amp; give direction; and it
+      should seeme was badly assisted either w<sup>th</sup> mate or mariners; or
+      else y<sup>e</sup> fear and unrulines of y<sup>e</sup> passengers were
+      such, as they made them stear a course betweene y<sup>e</sup> southwest
+      &amp; y<sup>e</sup> norwest, that they might fall with some land, what
+      soever it was they cared not. For they had been 6. weeks at sea, and had
+      no water, nor beere, nor any woode left, but had burnt up all their emptie
+      caske; only one of y<sup>e</sup> company had a hogshead of wine or 2.
+      which was allso allmost spente, so as they feared they should be starved
+      at sea, or consumed with diseases, which made them rune this desperate
+      course. But it plased God that though they came so neare y<sup>e</sup>
+      shoulds of Cap-Codd [147] or else ran stumbling over them in <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      night, they knew not how, they came right before a small blind harbore,
+      that lyes about y<sup>e</sup> midle of Manamoyake Bay, to y<sup>e</sup>
+      southward of Cap-Codd, with a small gale of wind; and about highwater
+      toucht upon a barr of sand that lyes before it, but had no hurte, y<sup>e</sup>
+      sea being smoth; so they laid out an anchore. But towards the evening the
+      wind sprunge up at sea, and was so rough, as broake their cable, &amp;
+      beat them over the barr into y<sup>e</sup> harbor, wher they saved their
+      lives &amp; goods, though much were hurte with salt water; for w<sup>th</sup>
+      beating they had sprung y<sup>e</sup> but end of a planke or too, &amp;
+      beat out ther occome; but they were soone over, and ran on a drie flate
+      within the harbor, close by a beach; so at low water they gatt out their
+      goods on drie shore, and dried those that were wette, and saved most of
+      their things without any great loss; neither was y<sup>e</sup> ship much
+      hurt, but shee might be mended, and made servisable againe. But though
+      they were not a litle glad that they had thus saved their lives, yet when
+      they had a litle refreshed them selves, and begane to thinke on their
+      condition, not knowing wher they were, nor what they should doe, they
+      begane to be strucken with sadnes. But shortly after they saw some Indians
+      come to them in canows, which made them stand upon their gard. But when
+      they heard some of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans speake English unto them, they
+      were not a litle revived, especially when they heard them demand if they
+      were the Gove<sup>r</sup> of Plimoths men, or freinds; <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span>and y<sup>t</sup>
+      they would bring them to y<sup>e</sup> English houses, or carry their
+      letters.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They feasted these Indeans, and gave them many giftes; and sente 2. men
+      and a letter with them to y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup>, and did intreat
+      him to send a boat unto them, with some pitch, and occume, and spiks, w<sup>th</sup>
+      divers other necessaries for y<sup>e</sup> mending of ther ship (which was
+      recoverable). Allso they besought him to help them with some corne and
+      sundrie other things they wanted, to enable them to make their viage to
+      Virginia; and they should be much bound to him, and would make
+      satisfaction for any thing they had, in any comodities they had abord.
+      After y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> was well informed by y<sup>e</sup>
+      messengers of their condition, he caused a boate to be made ready, and
+      such things to be provided as they write for; and because others were
+      abroad upon trading, and such other affairs, as had been fitte to send
+      unto them, he went him selfe, and allso carried some trading comodities,
+      to buy them corne of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans. It was no season of y<sup>e</sup>
+      year to goe withoute y<sup>e</sup> Cape, but understanding wher y<sup>e</sup>
+      ship lay, he went into y<sup>e</sup> bottom of y<sup>e</sup> bay, on y<sup>e</sup>
+      inside, and put into a crick called Naumskachett, wher it is not much
+      above 2. mile over [148] land to y<sup>e</sup> bay wher they were, wher he
+      had y<sup>e</sup> Indeans ready to cary over any thing to them. Of his
+      arrivall they were very glad, and received the things to mend ther ship,
+      and other necessaries. Allso he bought them as much corne as they would
+      have; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span>and
+      wheras some of their sea-men were rune away amonge the Indeans, he
+      procured their returne to y<sup>e</sup> ship, and so left them well
+      furnished and contented, being very thankfull for y<sup>e</sup> curtesies
+      they receaved. But after the Governor thus left them, he went into some
+      other harbors ther aboute and loaded his boat with corne, which he traded,
+      and so went home. But he had not been at home many days, but he had notice
+      from them, that by the violence of a great storme, and y<sup>e</sup> bad
+      morring of their ship (after she was mended) she was put a shore, and so
+      beatten and shaken as she was now wholy unfitte to goe to sea. And so
+      their request was that they might have leave to repaire to them, and
+      soujourne with them, till they could have means to convey them selves to
+      Virginia; and that they might have means to tr&#257;sport their goods, and
+      they would pay for y<sup>e</sup> same, or any thing els wher with y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation should releeve them. Considering their distres, their requests
+      were granted, and all helpfullnes done unto them; their goods transported,
+      and them selves &amp; goods sheltered in their houses as well as they
+      could.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The cheefe amongst these people was one M<sup>r</sup>. Fells and M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sibsie, which had many servants belonging unto them, many of them being
+      Irish. Some others ther were y<sup>t</sup> had a servante or 2. a peece;
+      but y<sup>e</sup> most were servants, and such as were ingaged to the
+      former persons, who allso had y<sup>e</sup> most goods. Affter they were
+      hither come, and some thing setled, the maisters <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span>desired some ground to
+      imploye ther servants upon; seing it was like to be y<sup>e</sup> latter
+      end of y<sup>e</sup> year before they could have passage for Virginia, and
+      they had now y<sup>e</sup> winter before them; they might clear some
+      ground, and plant a crope (seeing they had tools, &amp; necessaries for y<sup>e</sup>
+      same) to help to bear their charge, and keep their servants in imployment;
+      and if they had opportunitie to departe before the same was ripe, they
+      would sell it on y<sup>e</sup> ground. So they had ground appointed them
+      in convenient places, and Fells &amp; some other of them raised a great
+      deall of corne, which they sould at their departure. This Fells, amongst
+      his other servants, had a maid servante which kept his house &amp; did his
+      household affairs, and by the intimation of some that belonged unto him,
+      he was suspected to keep her, as his concubine; and both of them were
+      examined ther upon, but nothing could be proved, and they stood upon their
+      justification; so with admonition they were dismiste. But afterward it
+      appeard she was with child, so he gott a small boat, &amp; ran away with
+      her, for fear of punishmente. First he went to Cap-Anne, and after into y<sup>e</sup>
+      bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachussets, but could get no passage, and had like
+      to have been cast away; and was forst to come againe and submite him
+      selfe; but they pact him away &amp; those that belonged unto him by the
+      first oppertunitie, and dismiste all the rest as soone as could, being
+      many untoward people amongst them; though ther were allso some that caried
+      them selves <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span>very
+      orderly all y<sup>e</sup> time they stayed. And the [149] plantation had
+      some benefite by them, in selling them corne &amp; other provisions of
+      food for cloathing; for they had of diverse kinds, as cloath, perpetuanes,
+      &amp; other stuffs, besids hose, &amp; shoes, and such like com&#773;odities
+      as y<sup>e</sup> planters stood in need of. So they both did good, and
+      received good one from another; and a cuple of barks caried them away at y<sup>e</sup>
+      later end of som&#773;er. And sundrie of them have acknowledged their
+      thankfullnes since from Virginia.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That they might y<sup>e</sup> better take all convenient opportunitie to
+      follow their trade, both to maintaine them selves, and to disingage them
+      of those great sumes which they stood charged with, and bound for, they
+      resoloved to build a smale pinass at Manamet, a place 20. mile from y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation, standing on y<sup>e</sup> sea to y<sup>e</sup> southward of
+      them, unto which, by an other creeke on this side, they could cary their
+      goods, within 4. or 5. miles, and then tr&#257;sport them over land to
+      their vessell; and so avoyd the compasing of Cap-Codd, and those
+      deangerous shoulds, and so make any vioage to y<sup>e</sup> southward in
+      much shorter time, and with farr less danger. Also for y<sup>e</sup>
+      saftie of their vessell &amp; goods, they builte a house their, and kept
+      some servants, who also planted corne, and reared some swine, and were
+      allwayes ready to goe out with y<sup>e</sup> barke when ther was occasion.
+      All which tooke good effecte, and turned to their profite.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They now sent (with y<sup>e</sup> returne of y<sup>e</sup> ships) M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton againe into England, giveing him full power, under their hands
+      &amp; seals, to conclude the former bargaine with y<sup>e</sup>
+      adventurers; and sent ther bonds for y<sup>e</sup> paimente of the money.
+      Allso they sent what beaver they could spare to pay some of their
+      ingagementes, &amp; to defray his chargs; for those deepe interests still
+      kepte them low. Also he had order to procure a patente for a fitt trading
+      place in y<sup>e</sup> river of Kenebec; for being emulated both by the
+      planters at Pascataway &amp;, other places to y<sup>e</sup> eastward of
+      them, and allso by y<sup>e</sup> fishing ships, which used to draw much
+      profite from y<sup>e</sup> Indeans of those parts, they threatened to
+      procure a grante, &amp; shutte them out from thence; espetially after they
+      saw them so well furnished with com&#773;odities, as to carie the trade
+      from them. They thought it but needfull to prevente such a thing, at least
+      that they might not be excluded from free trade ther, wher them selves had
+      first begune and discovered the same, &#257;d brought it to so good
+      effecte. This year allso they had letters, and messengers from y<sup>e</sup>
+      Dutch-plantation, sent unto them from y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> ther,
+      writen both in Dutch &amp; French. The Dutch had traded in these southerne
+      parts, diverse years before they came; but they begane no plantation hear
+      till 4. or 5. years after their coming, and here begining. Ther letters
+      were as followeth. It being their maner to be full of complementall
+      titles.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Eedele, Eerenfeste Wyse Voorsinnige Heeren, den G&#335;veerne&#365;r,
+        ende Raeden in Nieu-Pliem&#365;en residerende; onse seer Goede vrinden
+        den directe&#365;r ende Raed van Nieu-Nederlande, wensen vw&#773;e Edn:
+        eerenfesten, ende wijse voorsinnige gel&#365;ck salichitt
+        [gelukzaligheid?], In Christi Jesu onsen Heere; met goede voorspoet,
+        ende gesonthijt, naer siele, ende lichaem. Amen.<a name="FNanchor_CE_83"
+        id="FNanchor_CE_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_CE_83" class="fnanchor">[CE]</a>
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The rest I shall render in English, leaving out the repetition of
+      superfluous titles.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        [150] We have often before this wished for an opportunitie or an
+        occasion to congratulate you, and your prosperous and praise-worthy
+        undertakeings, and Government of your colony ther. And the more, in that
+        we also have made a good begining to pitch y<sup>e</sup> foundation of a
+        collonie hear; and seeing our native countrie lyes not farr from yours,
+        and our forefathers (diverse hundred years agoe) have made and held
+        frendship and alliance with your ancestours, as sufficently appears by y<sup>e</sup>
+        old contractes, and entrecourses, confirmed under y<sup>e</sup> hands of
+        kings &amp; princes, in y<sup>e</sup> pointe of warr &amp; trafick; as
+        may be seene and read by all y<sup>e</sup> world in y<sup>e</sup> old
+        chronakles. The which are not only by the king now reigning confirmed,
+        but it hath pleased his majesty, upon mature deliberation, to make a new
+        covenante, (and to take up armes,) with y<sup>e</sup> States Generall of
+        our dear native country, against our commone enemie the Spaniards, who
+        seeke nothing <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span>else
+        but to usurpe and overcome other Christian kings and princes lands, that
+        so he might obtaine and possess his pretended monarchic over all
+        Christendom; and so to rule and com&#773;and, after his owne pleasure,
+        over y<sup>e</sup> consciences of so many hundred thousand sowles, which
+        God forbid.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        And also seeing it hath some time since been reported unto us, by some
+        of our people, that by occasion came so farr northward with their
+        shalop, and met with sundry of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, who tould them
+        that they were within halfe a days journey of your plantation, and
+        offered ther service to cary letters unto you; therfore we could not
+        forbear to salute you with these few lines, with presentation of our
+        good will and servise unto you, in all frendly-kindnes &amp;
+        neighbourhood. And if it so fall out that any goods that comes to our
+        hands from our native countrie, may be serviceable unto you, we shall
+        take our selves bound to help and accom&#773;adate you ther with; either
+        for beaver or any other wares or marchandise that you should be pleased
+        to deale for. And if in case we have no com&#773;odity at present that
+        may give you contente, if you please to sell us any beaver, or otter, or
+        such like comodities as may be usefull for us, for ready money, and let
+        us understand therof by this bearer in writing, (whom we have apoynted
+        to stay 3. or 4. days for your answer,) when we understand your minds
+        therin, we shall depute one to deale with you, at such place as you
+        shall appointe. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time we pray the Lord to take you,
+        our honoured good freinds and neighbours, into his holy protection.
+      </p>
+      <div class="center">
+        By the appointment of y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> and Counsell, &amp;c.
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">Isaak de Rasier</span>, Secrectaris.
+      </div>
+      <div class="left">
+        From y<sup>e</sup> Manhatas, in y<sup>e</sup> fort Amsterdam,
+      </div>
+      <div style="margin-left:4em;">
+        March 9. An<sup>o</sup>: 1627.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      To this they returned answer as followeth, on y<sup>e</sup> other side.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        [151] To the Honoured, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The Gove<sup>r</sup> &amp; Counsell of New-Plim: wisheth, &amp;c. We
+        have received your leters, &amp;c. wherin appeareth your good wills
+        &amp; frendship towards us; but is expresed w<sup>th</sup> over high
+        titls, more then belongs to us, or is meete for us to receive. But for
+        your good will, and congratulations of our prosperitie in these smale
+        beginings of our poore colonie, we are much bound unto you, and with
+        many thanks doe acknowledg y<sup>e</sup> same; taking it both for a
+        great honour done unto us, and for a certaine testimoney of your love
+        and good neighbourhood.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Now these are further to give your Wor<sup>pps</sup> to understand, that
+        it is to us no smale joye to hear, that his majestie hath not only bene
+        pleased to confirme y<sup>t</sup> ancient amitie, aliance, and
+        frendship, and other contracts, formerly made &amp; ratified by his
+        predecessors of famous memorie, but hath him selfe (as you say)
+        strengthened the same with a new-union the better to resist y<sup>e</sup>
+        prid of y<sup>t</sup> com&#773;one enemy y<sup>e</sup> Spaniard, from
+        whose cruelty the Lord keep us both, and our native countries. Now
+        forasmuch as this is sufficiente to unite us togeather in love and good
+        neighbourhood, in all our dealings, yet are many of us further obliged,
+        by the good and curteous entreaty which we have found in your countrie;
+        haveing lived ther many years, with freedome, and good contente, as also
+        many of our freinds doe to this day; for which we, and our children
+        after us, are bound to be thankfull to your Nation, and shall never
+        forgett y<sup>e</sup> same, but shall hartily desire your good &amp;
+        prosperity, as our owne, for ever.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Likwise for your freindly tender, &amp; offer to acom&#773;odate and
+        help us with any comodities or marchandise you have, or shall come to
+        you, either for beaver, otters, or other wares, it is to us very
+        acceptable, and we doubte not but in short time we may have profitable
+        com&#773;erce &amp; trade togeather. But for this year we are fully
+        supplyed with all necessaries, both for cloathing and other things; but
+        hereafter it is like <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271"
+        id="Page_271">[271]</a></span>we shall deale with you, if your rates be
+        reasonable. And therfore when you please to send to us againe by any of
+        yours, we desire to know how you will take beaver, by y<sup>e</sup>
+        pounde, &amp; otters, by y<sup>e</sup> skine; and how you will deale per
+        cent. for other comodities, and what you can furnishe us with. As
+        likwise what other commodities from us may be acceptable unto you, as
+        tobaco, fish, corne, or other things, and what prises you will give,
+        &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Thus hoping that you will pardon &amp; excuse us for our rude and
+        imperfecte writing in your language, and take it in good parte, because
+        [152] for wante of use we cannot so well express that we understand, nor
+        hapily understand every thing so fully as we should. And so we humbly
+        pray the Lord for his mercie sake, that he will take both us and you
+        into his keeping &amp; gratious protection.
+      </p>
+      <div style="margin-left:2em;">
+        By y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> and Counsell of New-Plimoth,
+      </div>
+      <div style="margin-left:4em;">
+        Your Wor<sup>pps</sup> very good freinds &amp; neigbours, &amp;c.
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        New-Plim: March 19.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      After this ther was many passages betweene them both by letters and other
+      entercourse; and they had some profitable commerce togither for diverce
+      years, till other occasions interrupted y<sup>e</sup> same, as may happily
+      appear afterwards, more at large.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Before they sent M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton away for England this year, y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gove<sup>r</sup> and some of their cheefe freinds had serious
+      consideration, not only how they might discharge those great ingagments
+      which lay so heavily upon them, as is affore mentioned, but also how they
+      might (if possiblie they could) devise means to help some of their freinds
+      and breethren of Leyden over unto them, who <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span>desired so much to come to
+      them, &#257;d they desired as much their company. To effecte which, they
+      resolved to rune a high course, and of great adventure, not knowing
+      otherwise how to bring it aboute. Which was to hire y<sup>e</sup> trade of
+      y<sup>e</sup> company for certaine years, and in that time to undertake to
+      pay that 1800<sup>li</sup>. and all y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+      debts that then lay upon y<sup>e</sup> plantation, which was aboute some
+      600<sup>li</sup>. more; and so to set them free, and returne the trade to
+      y<sup>e</sup> generalitie againe at y<sup>e</sup> end of y<sup>e</sup>
+      terme. Upon which resolution they called y<sup>e</sup> company togeither,
+      and made it clearly appear unto all what their debts were, and upon what
+      terms they would undertake to pay them all in such a time, and sett them
+      clear. But their other ends they were faine to keepe secrete, haveing only
+      privatly acquaynted some of their trusty freinds therwith; which were glad
+      of y<sup>e</sup> same, but doubted how they would be able to performe it.
+      So after some agitation of the thing w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> company,
+      it was yeelded unto, and the agreemente made upon y<sup>e</sup> conditions
+      following.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Articles of agreemente betweene y<sup>e</sup> collony of New-Plim&#773;oth
+        of y<sup>e</sup> one partie, and William Bradford, Captein Myles
+        Standish, Isaack Allerton, &amp;c. one y<sup>e</sup> other partie; and
+        shuch others as they shall thinke good to take as partners and
+        undertakers with them, concerning the trade for beaver &amp; other furrs
+        &amp; comodities, &amp;c.; made July, 1627.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        First, it is agreed and covenanted betweexte y<sup>e</sup> said parties,
+        that y<sup>e</sup> afforsaid William Bradford, Captain Myl <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span>Standish,
+        &amp; Isaack Allerton, &amp;c. have undertaken, and doe by these
+        presents, covenante and agree to pay, discharge, and acquite y<sup>e</sup>
+        said collony of all y<sup>e</sup> debtes both due for y<sup>e</sup>
+        purchass, or any other belonging to them, at y<sup>e</sup> day of y<sup>e</sup>
+        date of these presents.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        [153] Secondly, y<sup>e</sup> above-said parties are to have and freely
+        injoye y<sup>e</sup> pinass latly builte, the boat at Manamett, and y<sup>e</sup>
+        shalop, called y<sup>e</sup> Bass-boat, with all other implements to
+        them belonging, that is in y<sup>e</sup> store of y<sup>e</sup> said
+        company; with all y<sup>e</sup> whole stock of furrs, fells, beads,
+        corne, wampampeak, hatchets, knives, &amp;c. that is now in y<sup>e</sup>
+        storre, or any way due unto y<sup>e</sup> same uppon accounte.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        3<sup>ly</sup>. That y<sup>e</sup> above said parties have y<sup>e</sup>
+        whole trade to them selves, their heires and assignes, with all y<sup>e</sup>
+        privileges therof, as y<sup>e</sup> said collonie doth now, or may use
+        the same, for 6. full years, to begine y<sup>e</sup> last of September
+        next insuing.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        4<sup>ly</sup>. In furder consideration of y<sup>e</sup> discharge of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said debtes, every severall purchaser doth promise and covenante yearly
+        to pay, or cause to be payed, to the above said parties, during y<sup>e</sup>
+        full terme of y<sup>e</sup> said 6. years, 3. bushells of corne, or 6<sup>li</sup>.
+        of tobaco, at y<sup>e</sup> undertakers choyse.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        5<sup>ly</sup>. The said undertakers shall dureing y<sup>e</sup>
+        afforesaid terme bestow 50<sup>li</sup>. per annum, in hose and shoese,
+        to be brought over for y<sup>e</sup> collonies use, to be sould unto
+        them for corne at 6<sup>s</sup>. per bushell.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        6<sup>ly</sup>. That at y<sup>e</sup> end of y<sup>e</sup> said terme of
+        6. years, the whole trade shall returne to y<sup>t</sup> use and
+        benefite of y<sup>e</sup> said collonie, as before.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Lastly, if y<sup>e</sup> afforesaid undertakers, after they have
+        aquainted their freinds in England with these covenants, doe (upon y<sup>e</sup>
+        first returne) resolve to performe them, and undertake to discharge y<sup>e</sup>
+        debtes of y<sup>e</sup> said collony, according to y<sup>e</sup> true
+        meaning &amp; intente of these presents, then they are (upon such notice
+        given) to stand in full force; otherwise all things to <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span>remaine
+        as formerly they were, and a true accounte to be given to y<sup>e</sup>
+        said collonie, of the disposing of all things according to the former
+        order.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton carried a coppy of this agreemente with him into
+      England, and amongst other his instructions had order given him to deale
+      with some of their speciall freinds, to joyne with them in this trade upon
+      y<sup>e</sup> above recited conditions; as allso to imparte their further
+      ends that moved them to take this course, namly, the helping over of some
+      of their freinds from Leyden, as they should be able; in which if any of
+      them would joyne with them they should thankfully acceptt of their love
+      and partnership herein. And with all (by their letters) gave them some
+      grounds of their hops of the accomplishmente of these things with some
+      advantage.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1628" id="a1628"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1628.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons arivall in England, he aquainted them with
+      his comission and full power to conclude y<sup>e</sup> forementioned
+      bargan &amp; purchas; upon [154] the veiw wherof, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      delivery of y<sup>e</sup> bonds for y<sup>e</sup> paymente of y<sup>e</sup>
+      money yearly, (as is before mentioned,) it was fully concluded, and a
+      deede<a name="FNanchor_CF_84" id="FNanchor_CF_84"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_CF_84" class="fnanchor">[CF]</a> fairly ingrossed in
+      partchmente was delivered him, under their hands &amp; seals confirming
+      the same. Morover he delte with them aboute other things according to his
+      instructions. As <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span>to
+      admitt some of these their good freinds into this purchass if they
+      pleased, and to deale with them for moneys at better rates, &amp;c.
+      Touching which I shall hear inserte a letter of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys,
+      giving light to what followed therof, writ to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: I have received yours of y<sup>e</sup> 26. of May by M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Gibs, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Goffe, with y<sup>e</sup> barrell of otter
+        skins, according to y<sup>e</sup> contents; for which I got a bill of
+        store, and so tooke them up, and sould them togeather at 78<sup>li</sup>.
+        12<sup>s</sup>. sterling; and since, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton hath
+        received y<sup>e</sup> money, as will apear by the accounte. It is true
+        (as you write) that your ingagments are great, not only the purchass,
+        but you are yet necessitated to take up y<sup>e</sup> stock you work
+        upon; and y<sup>t</sup> not at 6. or 8. p<sup>r</sup> cent. as it is
+        here let out, but at 30. 40. yea, &amp; some at 50. p<sup>r</sup> cent.
+        which, were not your gaines great, and Gods blessing on your honest
+        indeaours more then ordinarie, it could not be y<sup>t</sup> you should
+        longe subsiste in y<sup>e</sup> maintaining of, &amp; upholding of your
+        worldly affaires. And this your honest &amp; discreete agente, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allerton, hath seriously considered, &amp; deeply laid to mind, how to
+        ease you of it. He tould me you were contented to accepte of me &amp;
+        some few others, to joyne with you in y<sup>e</sup> purchass, as
+        partners; for which I kindly thanke you and all y<sup>e</sup> rest, and
+        doe willingly accepte of it. And though absente, shall willingly be at
+        shuch charge as you &amp; y<sup>e</sup> rest shall thinke meete; and
+        this year am contented to forbear my former 50<sup>li</sup>. and 2.
+        years increase for y<sup>e</sup> venture, both which now makes it 80<sup>li</sup>.
+        without any bargaine or condition for y<sup>e</sup> profite, you (I mean
+        y<sup>e</sup> generalitie) stand to y<sup>e</sup> adventure, outward,
+        and homeward. I have perswaded M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews and M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Beachamp to doe y<sup>e</sup> like, so as you are eased of y<sup>e</sup>
+        high rate, you were at y<sup>e</sup> other 2. yeares; I say we leave it
+        freely to your selves <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276"
+        id="Page_276">[276]</a></span>to alow us what you please, and as God
+        shall blesse. What course I rune, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp desireth to
+        doe y<sup>e</sup> same; and though he have been or seemed somwhat harsh
+        heretofore, yet now you shall find he is new moulded. I allso see by
+        your letter, you desire I should be your agente or factore hear. I have
+        ever found you so faithfull, honest, and upright men, as I have even
+        resolved with my selfe (God assisting me) to doe you all y<sup>e</sup>
+        good lyeth in my power; and therfore if you please to make choyse of so
+        weak a man, both for abillities and body, to performe your bussines, I
+        promise (y<sup>e</sup> Lord enabling me) to doe y<sup>e</sup> best I can
+        according to those abillities he hath given me; and wherin I faile,
+        blame your selves, y<sup>t</sup> you made no better choyce. Now, because
+        I am sickly, and we are all mortall, I have advised M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allerton to joyne M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp with me in your deputation,
+        which I conceive to be very necessary &amp; good for you; your charge
+        shall be no more, for it is not your salarie maks me undertake your [156<a
+        name="FNanchor_CG_85" id="FNanchor_CG_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_CG_85"
+        class="fnanchor">[CG]</a>] bussines. Thus contending you &amp; yours,
+        and all Gods people, unto y<sup>e</sup> guidance and protection of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Allmightie, I ever rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your faithfull loving freind,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley</span>.<a name="FNanchor_CH_86"
+          id="FNanchor_CH_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_CH_86" class="fnanchor">[CH]</a>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        London, Nov. 17. 1628.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With this leter they sent a draught of a formall deputation to be hear
+      sealed and sent back unto them, to authorise them as their agents,
+      according to what is mentioned in y<sup>e</sup> above said letter; and
+      because some inconvenience grue therby afterward I shall here inserte it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        To all to whom these pr&#275;ts shall come greeting; know yee that we,
+        William Bradford, Gov<sup>r</sup> of Plimoth, in N.E. in America, Isaak
+        Allerton, Myles Standish, William Brewster, &amp; Ed: Winslow, of
+        Plimoth aforesaid, marchants, doe by these presents for us &amp; in our
+        names, make, substitute, &amp; appointe James Sherley, Goldsmith, &amp;
+        John Beachamp, Salter, citizens of London, our true &amp; lawfull
+        agents, factors, substitutes, &amp; assignes; as well to take and
+        receive all such goods, wares, &amp; marchandise what soever as to our
+        said substitutes or either of them, or to y<sup>e</sup> citie of London,
+        or other place of y<sup>e</sup> Relme of Engl: shall be sente,
+        transported, or come from us or any of us, as allso to vend, sell,
+        barter, or exchaing y<sup>e</sup> said goods, wares, and marchandise so
+        from time to time to be sent to such person or persons upon credite, or
+        other wise in such maner as to our said agents &amp; factors joyently,
+        or to either of them severally shall seeme meete. And further we doe
+        make &amp; ordaine our said substituts &amp; assignes joyntly &amp;
+        severally for us, &amp; to our uses, &amp; accounts, to buy and consigne
+        for and to us into New-Engl: aforesaid, such goods and marchandise to be
+        provided here, and to be returned hence, as by our said assignes, or
+        either of them, shall be thought fitt. And to recover, receive, and
+        demand for us &amp; in our names all such debtes &amp; sumes of money,
+        as now are or hereafter shall be due incidente accruing or belonging to
+        us, or any of us, by any wayes or means; and to acquite, discharge, or
+        compound for any debte or sume of money, which now or hereafter shall be
+        due or oweing by any person or persons to us, or any of us. And
+        generally for us &amp; in our names to doe, performe, and execute every
+        acte &amp; thing which to our said assignes, or either of them, shall
+        seeme meete to be done in or aboute y<sup>e</sup> premissies, as fully
+        &amp; effectually, to all intents &amp; purposes, as if we or any of us
+        were in person presente. And whatsoever our said agents &amp; factors
+        joyntly or severally shall <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279"
+        id="Page_279">[279]</a></span>doe, or cause to be done, in or aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+        premisses, we will &amp; doe, &amp; every of us doth ratife, alow, &amp;
+        confirme, by these presents. In wittnes wherof we have here unto put our
+        hands &amp; seals. Dated 18. Nov<sup>br</sup> 1628.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This was accordingly confirmed by the above named, and 4. more of the
+      cheefe of them under their hands &amp; seals, and delivered unto them.
+      Also M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton formerly had authoritie under their hands
+      &amp; seals for y<sup>e</sup> transacting of y<sup>e</sup> former
+      bussines, and taking up of moneys, &amp;c. which still he retained whilst
+      he was imployed in these affaires; they mistrusting neither him nor any of
+      their freinds faithfullnes, which made them more remisse in looking to
+      shuch acts as had passed under their hands, as necessarie for y<sup>e</sup>
+      time; but letting them rune on to long unminded or recaled, it turned to
+      their harme afterwards, as will appere in its place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [157] M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton having setled all things thus in a good and
+      hopfull way, he made hast to returne in y<sup>e</sup> first of y<sup>e</sup>
+      spring to be hear with their supply for trade, (for y<sup>e</sup>
+      fishermen with whom he came used to sett forth in winter &amp; be here
+      betimes.) He brought a resonable supply of goods for y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation, and without those great interests as before is noted; and
+      brought an accounte of y<sup>e</sup> beaver sould, and how y<sup>e</sup>
+      money was disposed for goods, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> paymente of other
+      debtes, having paid all debts abroad to others, save to M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews; from whom
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span>likwise
+      he brought an accounte which to them all amounted not to above 400<sup>li</sup>.
+      for which he had passed bonds. Allso he had payed the first paymente for y<sup>e</sup>
+      purchass, being due for this year, viz. 200<sup>li</sup>. and brought them
+      y<sup>e</sup> bonde for y<sup>e</sup> same canselled; so as they now had
+      no more foreine debtes but y<sup>e</sup> abovesaid 400<sup>li</sup>. and
+      odde pownds, and y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> yearly purchass
+      monie. Some other debtes they had in y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie, but they were
+      without any intrest, &amp; they had wherwith to discharge them when they
+      were due. To this pass the Lord had brought things for them. Also he
+      brought them further notice that their freinds, the abovenamed, &amp; some
+      others that would joyne with them in y<sup>e</sup> trad &amp; purchass,
+      did intend for to send over to Leyden, for a competente number of them, to
+      be hear the next year without fayle, if y<sup>e</sup> Lord pleased to
+      blesse their journey. He allso brought them a patente for Kenebeck, but it
+      was so straite &amp; ill bounded, as they were faine to renew &amp;
+      inlarge it the next year, as allso that which they had at home, to their
+      great charge, as will after appeare. Hithertoo M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton did
+      them good and faithfull service; and well had it been if he had so
+      continued, or els they had now ceased for imploying him any longer thus
+      into England. But of this more afterwards.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having procured a patente (as is above said) for Kenebeck, they now
+      erected a house up above in y<sup>e</sup> river in y<sup>e</sup> most
+      convenientest place for trade, as they <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span>conceived, and furnished the
+      same with com&#773;odities for y<sup>t</sup> end, both winter &amp; som&#773;er,
+      not only with corne, but also with such other commodities as y<sup>e</sup>
+      fishermen had traded with them, as coats, shirts, ruggs, &amp; blankets,
+      biskett, pease, prunes, &amp;c.; and what they could not have out of
+      England, they bought of the fishing ships, and so carried on their
+      bussines as well as they could.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year the Dutch sent againe unto them from their plantation, both kind
+      leterss, and also diverse comodities, as suger, linen cloth, Holand finer
+      &amp; courser stufes, &amp;c. They came up with their barke to Manamete,
+      to their house ther, in which came their Secretarie Rasier; who was
+      accompanied with a noyse of trumpeters, and some other attendants; and
+      desired that they would send a boat for him, for he could not travill so
+      farr over land. So they sent a boat to Manonscussett, and brought him to y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation, with y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of his company. And after some few
+      days entertainmente, he returned to his barke, and some of them wente with
+      him, and bought sundry of his goods; after which begining thus made, they
+      sente often times to y<sup>e</sup> same place, and had entercourse
+      togeather for diverce years; and amongst other comodities, they vended
+      [158] much tobaco for linen cloath, stuffs, &amp;c., which was a good
+      benefite to y<sup>e</sup> people, till the Virginians found out their
+      plantation. But that which turned most to their profite, in time, was an
+      entrance into the trade of Wampampeake; for they <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span>now bought aboute 50<sup>li</sup>.
+      worth of it of them; and they tould them how vendable it was at their
+      forte Orania; and did perswade them they would find it so at Kenebeck; and
+      so it came to pass in time, though at first it stuck, &amp; it was 2.
+      years before they could put of this small quantity, till y<sup>e</sup>
+      inland people knew of it; and afterwards they could scarce ever gett
+      enough for them, for many years togeather. And so this, with their other
+      provissions, cutt of they trade quite from y<sup>e</sup> fisher-men, and
+      in great part from other of y<sup>e</sup> stragling planters. And strange
+      it was to see the great allteration it made in a few years amonge y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans them selves; for all the Indeans of these parts, &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachussets, had none or very litle of it,<a name="FNanchor_CI_87"
+      id="FNanchor_CI_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_CI_87" class="fnanchor">[CI]</a>
+      but y<sup>e</sup> sachems &amp; some spetiall persons that wore a litle of
+      it for ornamente. Only it was made &amp; kepte amonge y<sup>e</sup>
+      Nariganssets, &amp; Pequents, which grew rich &amp; potent by it, and
+      these people were poore &amp; begerly, and had no use of it. Neither did
+      the English of this plantation, or any other in y<sup>e</sup> land, till
+      now that they had knowledg of it from y<sup>e</sup> Dutch, so much as know
+      what it was, much less y<sup>t</sup> it was a com&#773;oditie of that
+      worth &amp; valew. But after it grue thus to be a comoditie in these
+      parts, these Indeans fell into it allso, and to learne how to make it; for
+      y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets doe geather y<sup>e</sup> shells of which y<sup>ey</sup>
+      make it from their shors. And it hath now continued a current comoditie
+      aboute this <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span>20.
+      years, and it may prove a drugg in time. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time it
+      maks y<sup>e</sup> Indeans of these parts rich &amp; power full and also
+      prowd therby; and fills them with peeces, powder, and shote, which no laws
+      can restraine, by reasone of y<sup>e</sup> bassnes of sundry unworthy
+      persons, both English, Dutch, &amp; French, which may turne to y<sup>e</sup>
+      ruine of many. Hithertoo y<sup>e</sup> Indeans of these parts had no
+      peeces nor other armes but their bowes &amp; arrowes, nor of many years
+      after; nether durst they scarce handle a gune, so much were they affraid
+      of them; and y<sup>e</sup> very sight of one (though out of kilter) was a
+      terrour unto them. But those Indeans to y<sup>e</sup> east parts, which
+      had com&#773;erce with y<sup>e</sup> French, got peces of them, and they
+      in the end made a commone trade of it; and in time our English fisher-men,
+      led with y<sup>e</sup> like covetoussnes, followed their example, for
+      their owne gaine; but upon complainte against them, it pleased the kings
+      majestie to prohibite y<sup>e</sup> same by a stricte proclaimation,
+      commanding that no sorte of armes, or munition, should by any of his
+      subjects be traded with them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Aboute some 3. or 4. years before this time, ther came over one Captaine
+      Wolastone, (a man of pretie parts,) and with him 3. or 4. more of some
+      eminencie, who brought with them a great many servants, with provissions
+      &amp; other implments for to begine a plantation; and pitched them selves
+      in a place within the Massachusets, which they called, after their
+      Captains <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span>name,
+      Mount-Wollaston. Amongst whom was one M<sup>r</sup>. Morton, who, it
+      should seeme, had some small adventure (of his owne or other mens) amongst
+      them; but had litle respecte [159] amongst them, and was sleghted by y<sup>e</sup>
+      meanest servants. Haveing continued ther some time, and not finding things
+      to answer their expectations, nor profite to arise as they looked for,
+      Captaine Wollaston takes a great part of y<sup>e</sup> sarvants, and
+      transports them to Virginia, wher he puts them of at good rates, selling
+      their time to other men; and writs back to one M<sup>r</sup>. Rassdall,
+      one of his cheefe partners, and accounted their marchant, to bring another
+      parte of them to Verginia likewise, intending to put them of ther as he
+      had done y<sup>e</sup> rest. And he, w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> consente
+      of y<sup>e</sup> said Rasdall, appoynted one Fitcher to be his
+      Livetenante, and governe y<sup>e</sup> remaines of y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation, till he or Rasdall returned to take further order theraboute.
+      But this Morton abovesaid, haveing more craft then honestie, (who had been
+      a kind of petie-fogger, of Furnefells Inne,) in y<sup>e</sup> others
+      absence, watches an oppertunitie, (commons being but hard amongst them,)
+      and gott some strong drinck &amp; other junkats, &amp; made them a feast;
+      and after they were merie, he begane to tell them, he would give them good
+      counsell. You see (saith he) that many of your fellows are carried to
+      Virginia; and if you stay till this Rasdall returne, you will also be
+      carried away and sould for slaves with y<sup>e</sup> rest. Therfore I
+      would <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span>advise
+      you to thruste out this Levetenant Fitcher; and I, having a parte in the
+      plantation, will receive you as my partners and consociats; so may you be
+      free from service, and we will converse, trad, plante, &amp; live
+      togeather as equalls, &amp; supporte &amp; protecte one another, or to
+      like effecte. This counsell was easily received; so they tooke
+      oppertunitie, and thrust Levetenante Fitcher out a dores, and would suffer
+      him to come no more amongst them, but forct him to seeke bread to eate,
+      and other releefe from his neigbours, till he could gett passages for
+      England. After this they fell to great licenciousnes, and led a dissolute
+      life, powering out them selves into all profanenes. And Morton became lord
+      of misrule, and maintained (as it were) a schoole of Athisme. And after
+      they had gott some good into their hands, and gott much by trading with y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans, they spent it as vainly, in quaffing &amp; drinking both wine
+      &amp; strong waters in great exsess, and, as some reported, 10<sup>li</sup>.
+      worth in a morning. They allso set up a May-pole, drinking and dancing
+      aboute it many days togeather, inviting the Indean women, for their
+      consorts, dancing and frisking togither, (like so many fairies, or furies
+      rather,) and worse practises. As if they had anew revived &amp; celebrated
+      the feasts of y<sup>e</sup> Roman Goddes Flora, or y<sup>e</sup> beasly
+      practieses of y<sup>e</sup> madd Bacchinalians. Morton likwise (to shew
+      his poetrie) composed sundry rimes &amp; verses, some tending to
+      lasciviousnes, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span>others
+      to y<sup>e</sup> detraction &amp; scandall of some persons, which he
+      affixed to this idle or idoll May-polle. They chainged allso the name of
+      their place, and in stead of calling it Mounte Wollaston, they call it
+      Merie-mounte, [160] as if this joylity would have lasted ever. But this
+      continued not long, for after Morton was sent for England, (as follows to
+      be declared,) shortly after came over that worthy gentlman, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      John Indecott, who brought over a patent under y<sup>e</sup> broad seall,
+      for y<sup>e</sup> govermente of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, who visiting
+      those parts caused y<sup>t</sup> May-polle to be cutt downe, and rebuked
+      them for their profannes, and admonished them to looke ther should be
+      better walking; so they now, or others, changed y<sup>e</sup> name of
+      their place againe, and called it Mounte-Dagon.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Now to maintaine this riotous prodigallitie and profuse excess, Morton,
+      thinking him selfe lawless, and hearing what gaine y<sup>e</sup> French
+      &amp; fisher-men made by trading of peeces, powder, &amp; shotte to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans, he, as y<sup>e</sup> head of this consortship, begane y<sup>e</sup>
+      practise of y<sup>e</sup> same in these parts; and first he taught them
+      how to use them, to charge, &amp; discharg, and what proportion of powder
+      to give y<sup>e</sup> peece, according to y<sup>e</sup> sise or bignes of
+      y<sup>e</sup> same; and what shotte to use for foule, and what for deare.
+      And having thus instructed them, he imployed some of them to hunte &amp;
+      fowle for him, so as they became farr more active in that imploymente then
+      any of y<sup>e</sup> English, by reason of ther <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span>swiftnes of foote, &amp;
+      nimblnes of body, being also quick-sighted, and by continuall exercise
+      well knowing y<sup>e</sup> hants of all sorts of game. So as when they saw
+      y<sup>e</sup> execution that a peece would doe, and y<sup>e</sup> benefite
+      that might come by y<sup>e</sup> same, they became madd, as it were, after
+      them, and would not stick to give any prise they could attaine too for
+      them; accounting their bowes &amp; arrowes but bables in comparison of
+      them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And here I may take occasion to bewaile y<sup>e</sup> mischefe that this
+      wicked man began in these parts, and which since base covetousnes
+      prevailing in men that should know better, has now at length gott y<sup>e</sup>
+      upper hand, and made this thing com&#773;one, notwithstanding any laws to
+      y<sup>e</sup> contrary; so as y<sup>e</sup> Indeans are full of peeces all
+      over, both fouling peeces, muskets, pistols, &amp;c. They have also their
+      moulds to make shotte, of all sorts, as muskett bulletts, pistoll bullets,
+      swane &amp; gose shote, &amp; of smaler sorts; yea, some have seen them
+      have their scruplats to make scrupins them selves, when they wante them,
+      with sundery other implements, wherwith they are ordinarily better fited
+      &amp; furnished then y<sup>e</sup> English them selves. Yea, it is well
+      knowne that they will have powder &amp; shot, when the English want it,
+      nor cannot gett it; and y<sup>t</sup> in a time of warr or danger, as
+      experience hath manifested, that when lead hath been scarce, and men for
+      their owne defence would gladly have given a groat a l which is dear
+      enoughe, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span>yet
+      hath it bene bought up &amp; sent to other places, and sould to shuch as
+      trade it with y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, at 12. pence y<sup>e</sup> li.; and
+      it is like they give 3. or 4.<sup>s</sup> y<sup>e</sup> pound, for they
+      will have it at any rate. And these things have been done in y<sup>e</sup>
+      same times, when some of their neigbours &amp; freinds are daly killed by
+      y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, or are in deanger therof, and live but at y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans mercie. [161] Yea, some (as they have aquainted them with all
+      other things) have tould them how gunpowder is made, and all y<sup>e</sup>
+      materialls in it, and that they are to be had in their owne land; and I am
+      confidente, could they attaine to make saltpeter, they would teach them to
+      make powder. O the horiblnes of this vilanie! how many both Dutch &amp;
+      English have been latly slaine by those Indeans, thus furnished; and no
+      remedie provided, nay, y<sup>e</sup> evill more increased, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      blood of their brethren sould for gaine, as is to be feared; and in what
+      danger all these colonies are in is too well known. Oh! that princes &amp;
+      parlements would take some timly order to prevente this mischeefe, and at
+      length to suppress it, by some exemplerie punishmente upon some of these
+      gaine thirstie murderers, (for they deserve no better title,) before their
+      collonies in these parts be over throwne by these barbarous savages, thus
+      armed with their owne weapons, by these evill instruments, and traytors to
+      their neigbors and cuntrie. But I have forgott my selfe, and have been to
+      longe in this digression; but now to returne. This Morton having <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span>thus
+      taught them y<sup>e</sup> use of peeces, he sould them all he could spare;
+      and he and his consorts detirmined to send for many out of England, and
+      had by some of y<sup>e</sup> ships sente for above a score. The which
+      being knowne, and his neigbours meeting y<sup>e</sup> Indeans in y<sup>e</sup>
+      woods armed with guns in this sorte, it was a terrour unto them, who lived
+      straglingly, and were of no strenght in any place. And other places
+      (though more remote) saw this mischeefe would quietly spread over all, if
+      not prevented. Besides, they saw they should keep no servants, for Morton
+      would entertaine any, how vile soever, and all y<sup>e</sup> scume of y<sup>e</sup>
+      countrie, or any discontents, would flock to him from all places, if this
+      nest was not broken; and they should stand in more fear of their lives
+      &amp; goods (in short time) from this wicked &amp; deboste crue, then from
+      y<sup>e</sup> salvages them selves.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So sundrie of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> stragling plantations,
+      meeting togither, agreed by mutuall consente to sollissite those of
+      Plimoth (who were then of more strength then them all) to joyne with them,
+      to prevente y<sup>e</sup> further grouth of this mischeefe, and suppress
+      Morton &amp; his consortes before y<sup>ey</sup> grewe to further head and
+      strength. Those that joyned in this acction (and after contributed to the
+      charge of sending him for England) were from Pascataway, Namkeake,
+      Winisimett, Weesagascusett, Natasco, and other places wher any English
+      were seated. Those of Plimoth being thus sought too by their messengers
+      &amp; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span>letters,
+      and waying both their reasons, and the com&#773;one danger, were willing
+      to afford them their help; though them selves had least cause of fear or
+      hurte. So, to be short, they first resolved joyntly to write to him, and
+      in a freindly &amp; neigborly way to admonish him to forbear these
+      courses, &amp; sent a messenger with their letters to bring his answer.
+      But he was so highe as he scorned all advise, and asked who had to doe
+      with him; he had and would trade peeces with y<sup>e</sup> Indeans in
+      dispite of all, with many other scurillous termes full of disdaine. They
+      sente to him a second time, and bad him be better advised, and more
+      temperate in his termes, for y<sup>e</sup> countrie could not beare y<sup>e</sup>
+      injure he did; it was against their comone saftie, and against y<sup>e</sup>
+      king's proclamation. He answerd in high terms as before, and that y<sup>e</sup>
+      kings proclamation was no law; demanding what penaltie was upon it. It was
+      answered, more then he could [162] bear, his majesties displeasure. But
+      insolently he persisted, and said y<sup>e</sup> king was dead and his
+      displeasure with him, &amp; many y<sup>e</sup> like things; and threatened
+      withall that if any came to molest him, let them looke to them selves, for
+      he would prepare for them. Upon which they saw ther was no way but to take
+      him by force; and having so farr proceeded, now to give over would make
+      him farr more hautie &amp; insolente. So they mutually resolved to
+      proceed, and obtained of y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> of Plimoth to send
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span>Captaine
+      Standish, &amp; some other aide with him, to take Morton by force. The
+      which accordingly was done; but they found him to stand stifly in his
+      defence, having made fast his dors, armed his consorts, set diverse dishes
+      of powder &amp; bullets ready on y<sup>e</sup> table; and if they had not
+      been over armed with drinke, more hurt might have been done. They som&#773;aned
+      him to yeeld, but he kept his house, and they could gett nothing but
+      scofes &amp; scorns from him; but at length, fearing they would doe some
+      violence to y<sup>e</sup> house, he and some of his crue came out, but not
+      to yeeld, but to shoote; but they were so steeld with drinke as their
+      peeces were to heavie for them; him selfe with a carbine (over charged
+      &amp; allmost halfe fild with powder &amp; shote, as was after found) had
+      thought to have shot Captaine Standish; but he stept to him, &amp; put by
+      his peece, &amp; tooke him. Neither was ther any hurte done to any of
+      either side, save y<sup>t</sup> one was so drunke y<sup>t</sup> he rane
+      his owne nose upon y<sup>e</sup> pointe of a sword y<sup>t</sup> one held
+      before him as he entred y<sup>e</sup> house; but he lost but a litle of
+      his hott blood. Morton they brought away to Plimoth, wher he was kepte,
+      till a ship went from y<sup>e</sup> Ile of Shols for England, with which
+      he was sente to y<sup>e</sup> Counsell of New-England; and letters writen
+      to give them information of his course &amp; cariage; and also one was
+      sent at their com&#773;one charge to informe their Ho<sup>rs</sup> more
+      perticulerly, &amp; to prosecute against him. But he foold of y<sup>e</sup>
+      messenger, after he was gone <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_292"
+      id="Page_292">[292]</a></span>from hence, and though he wente for England,
+      yet nothing was done to him, not so much as rebukte, for ought was heard;
+      but returned y<sup>e</sup> nexte year. Some of y<sup>e</sup> worst of y<sup>e</sup>
+      company were disperst, and some of y<sup>e</sup> more modest kepte y<sup>e</sup>
+      house till he should be heard from. But I have been too long aboute so
+      un-worthy a person, and bad a cause.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton brought over a yonge man for a minister
+      to y<sup>e</sup> people hear, wheather upon his owne head, or at y<sup>e</sup>
+      motion of some freinds ther, I well know not, but it was without y<sup>e</sup>
+      churches sending; for they had bene so bitten by M<sup>r</sup>. Lyford, as
+      they desired to know y<sup>e</sup> person well whom they should invite
+      amongst them. His name was M<sup>r</sup>. Rogers; but they perceived, upon
+      some triall, that he was crased in his braine; so they were faine to be at
+      further charge to send him back againe y<sup>e</sup> nexte year, and loose
+      all y<sup>e</sup> charge that was expended in his hither bringing, which
+      was not smalle by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's accounte, in provissions,
+      aparell, bedding, &amp;c. After his returne he grue quite distracted, and
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton was much blamed y<sup>t</sup> he would bring such
+      a man over, they having charge enough otherwise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, in y<sup>e</sup> years before, had brought over
+      some small quantie of goods, upon his owne perticuler, and sould them for
+      his owne private benefite; which was more then any man had yet hithertoo
+      attempted. But because he had other wise done them good service, <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span>and also
+      he sould them among y<sup>e</sup> people at y<sup>e</sup> plantation, by
+      which their wants were supplied, and he aledged it was the [163] love of M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherley and some other freinds that would needs trust him with some goods,
+      conceiveing it might doe him some good, and none hurte, it was not much
+      lookt at, but past over. But this year he brought over a greater
+      quantitie, and they were so intermixte with y<sup>e</sup> goods of y<sup>e</sup>
+      generall, as they knew not which were theirs, &amp; w<sup>ch</sup> was
+      his, being pact up together; so as they well saw that, if any casualty had
+      beefalne at sea, he might have laid y<sup>e</sup> whole on them, if he
+      would; for ther was no distinction. Allso what was most vendible, and
+      would yeeld presente pay, usualy that was his; and he now begane allso to
+      sell abroad to others of forine places, which, considering their com&#773;one
+      course, they began to dislike. Yet because love thinkes no evill, nor is
+      susspitious, they tooke his faire words for excuse, and resolved to send
+      him againe this year for England; considering how well he had done y<sup>e</sup>
+      former bussines, and what good acceptation he had with their freinds ther;
+      as also seeing sundry of their freinds from Leyden were sente for, which
+      would or might be much furthered by his means. Againe, seeing the patente
+      for Kenebeck must be inlarged, by reason of y<sup>e</sup> former mistaks
+      in the bounding of it, and it was conceived, in a maner, y<sup>e</sup>
+      same charge would serve to inlarge this at home with it, and he that had
+      begane <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      former y<sup>e</sup> last year would be y<sup>e</sup> fittest to effecte
+      this; so they gave him instructions and sente him for England this year
+      againe. And in his instructions bound him to bring over no goods on their
+      accounte, but 50<sup>li</sup>. in hose &amp; shoes, and some linen cloth,
+      (as y<sup>ey</sup> were bound by covenante when they tooke y<sup>e</sup>
+      trad;) also some trading goods to such a value; and in no case to exseed
+      his instructions, nor run&#773;e them into any further charge; he well
+      knowing how their state stood. Also y<sup>t</sup> he should so provide y<sup>t</sup>
+      their trading goods came over betimes, and what so ever was sent on their
+      accounte should be pact up by it selfe, marked with their marke, and no
+      other goods to be mixed with theirs. For so he prayed them to give him
+      such instructions as they saw good, and he would folow them, to prevente
+      any jellocie or farther offence, upon the former forementioned dislikes.
+      And thus they conceived they had well provided for all things.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1629" id="a1629"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1629.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton safly arriving in England, and delivering his
+      leters to their freinds their, and aquainting them with his instructions,
+      found good acceptation with them, and they were very forward &amp; willing
+      to joyne with them in y<sup>e</sup> partnership of trade, &amp; in y<sup>e</sup>
+      charge to send over y<sup>e</sup> Leyden people; a company wherof were
+      allready come out of Holand, and prepared to come over, and so were sent
+      away before M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span>could be ready to come. They
+      had passage with y<sup>e</sup> ships that came to Salem, that brought over
+      many godly persons to begine y<sup>e</sup> plantations &amp; churches of
+      Christ ther, &amp; in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of Massachussets; so their long
+      stay &amp; keeping back [164] was recompensed by y<sup>e</sup> Lord to
+      ther freinds here with a duble blessing, in that they not only injoyed
+      them now beyond ther late expectation, (when all their hops seemed to be
+      cutt of,) but, with them, many more godly freinds &amp; Christian
+      breethren, as y<sup>e</sup> begining of a larger harvest unto y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord, in y<sup>e</sup> increase of his churches &amp; people in these
+      parts, to y<sup>e</sup> admiration of many, and allmost wonder of y<sup>e</sup>
+      world; that of so small beginings so great things should insue, as time
+      after manifested; and that here should be a resting place for so many of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lords people, when so sharp a scourge came upon their owne nation. But it
+      was y<sup>e</sup> Lords doing, &amp; it ought to be marvellous in our
+      eyes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But I shall hear inserte some of their freinds letters, which doe best
+      expresse their owne minds in these thir proceedings.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>A leter of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p class="ltr_dt">
+        May 25, 1629.<a name="FNanchor_CJ_88" id="FNanchor_CJ_88"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_CJ_88" class="fnanchor">[CJ]</a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: &amp;c. Here are now many of your and our freinds from
+        Leyden coming over, who, though for y<sup>e</sup> most parte be but a
+        weak company, yet herein is a good parte of that <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span>end obtained which was
+        aimed at, and which hath been so strongly opposed by some of our former
+        adventurers. But God hath his working in these things, which man cannot
+        frustrate. With them we have allso sent some servants in y<sup>e</sup>
+        ship called the Talbut, that wente hence latly; but these come in y<sup>e</sup>
+        May-flower. M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp &amp; my selfe, with M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Andrews &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherly, are, with your love and liking,
+        joyned partners with you, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <hr />
+      <p>
+        Your deputation we have received, and y<sup>e</sup> goods have been
+        taken up &amp; sould by your friend &amp; agente, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allerton, my selfe having bine nere 3. months in Holland, at Amsterdam
+        &amp; other parts in y<sup>e</sup> Low-Countries. I see further the
+        agreemente you have made with y<sup>e</sup> generallitie, in which I
+        cannot understand but you have done very well, both for them &amp; you,
+        and also for your freinds at Leyden. M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Andrews, M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, &amp; my selfe, doe so like and
+        approve of it, as we are willing to joyne with you, and, God directing
+        and inabling us, will be assisting and helpfull to you, y<sup>e</sup>
+        best y<sup>t</sup> possiblie we can. Nay, had you not taken this course,
+        I doe not see how you should accomplish y<sup>e</sup> end you first
+        aimed at, and some others indevored these years past. We know it must
+        keep us from y<sup>e</sup> profite, which otherwise by y<sup>e</sup>
+        blessing of God and your indeaours, might be gained; for most of those
+        that came in May, &amp; these now sente, though I hope honest &amp; good
+        people, yet not like to be helpfull to raise profite, but rather, ney,
+        certaine must, some while, be chargable to you &amp; us; at which it is
+        lickly, had not this wise &amp; discreete course been taken, many of
+        your generalitie would have grudged. Againe, you say well in your
+        letter, and I make no doubte but you will performe it, that now being
+        but a few, on whom y<sup>e</sup> burthen must be, you will both menage
+        it y<sup>e</sup> beter, and sett too it more cherfully, haveing no
+        discontente nor <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span>contradiction,
+        but so lovingly to joyne togeither, in affection and counsell, as God no
+        doubte will blesse and prosper your honest labours &amp; indeavors. And
+        therfore in all respects I doe not see but you have done marvelously
+        discreetly, &amp; advisedly, and no doubt but it gives all parties good
+        contente; I mean y<sup>t</sup> are reasonable &amp; honest men, such as
+        make conscience of giving y<sup>e</sup> best satisfaction they be able
+        for their debts, and y<sup>t</sup> regard not their owne perticuler so
+        much as y<sup>e</sup> accomplishing of y<sup>t</sup> good end for which
+        this bussines was first intended, &amp;c. Thus desiring y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord to blese &amp; prosper you, &amp; all yours, and all our honest
+        endeavors, I rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your unfained &amp; ever loving friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Lon: March 8. 1629.<a name="FNanchor_CK_89" id="FNanchor_CK_89"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_CK_89" class="fnanchor">[CK]</a>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      [165] That I may handle things together, I have put these 2. companies
+      that came from Leyden in this place; though they came at 2. severall
+      times, yet they both came out of England this year. The former company,
+      being 35. persons, were shiped in May, and arived here aboute August. The
+      later were shiped in y<sup>e</sup> begining of March, and arived hear y<sup>e</sup>
+      later end of May, 1630. M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys 2. letters, y<sup>e</sup>
+      effect wherof I have before related, (as much of them as is pertinente,)
+      mentions both. Their charge, as M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton brought it in
+      afterwards on accounte, came to above 550<sup>li</sup>. besids ther
+      fetching hither from Salem &amp; y<sup>e</sup> Bay, wher they and their
+      goods were landed; viz. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_298"
+      id="Page_298">[298]</a></span>their transportation from Holland to
+      England, &amp; their charges lying ther, and passages hither, with
+      clothing provided for them. For I find by accounte for y<sup>e</sup> one
+      company, 125. yeards of karsey, 127. ellons of linen cloath, shoes, 66. p&#818;<sup>r</sup>,
+      with many other perticulers. The charge of y<sup>e</sup> other company is
+      reckoned on y<sup>e</sup> severall families, some 50<sup>li</sup>., some
+      40<sup>li</sup>., some 30<sup>li</sup>., and so more or less, as their
+      number &amp; expencess were. And besids all this charg, their freinds
+      &amp; bretheren here were to provid corne &amp; other provissions for
+      them, till they could reap a crope which was long before. Those that came
+      in May were thus maintained upward of 16. or 18. months, before they had
+      any harvest of their owne, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> other by proportion. And
+      all they could doe in y<sup>e</sup> mean time was to gett them some
+      housing, and prepare them grounds to plant on, against the season. And
+      this charg of maintaining them all this while was litle less then y<sup>e</sup>
+      former sume. These things I note more perticulerly, for sundry regards.
+      First, to shew a rare example herein of brotherly love, and Christian care
+      in performing their promises and covenants to their bretheren, too, &amp;
+      in a sorte beyonde their power; that they should venture so desperatly to
+      ingage them selves to accomplish this thing, and bear it so cheerfully;
+      for they never demanded, much less had, any repaymente of all these great
+      sumes thus disbursed. 2<sup>ly</sup>. It must needs be that ther was more
+      then of man in these acheevements, that should thus readily stire up <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      harts of shuch able frinds to joyne in partnership with them in shuch a
+      case, and cleave so faithfullie to them as these did, in so great
+      adventures; and the more because the most of them never saw their faces to
+      this day; ther being neither kindred, aliance, or other acquaintance or
+      relations betweene any of them, then hath been before mentioned; it must
+      needs be therfore the spetiall worke and hand of God. 3<sup>ly</sup>. That
+      these poore people here in a wilderness should, notwithstanding, be
+      inabled in time to repay all these ingagments, and many more unjustly
+      brought upon them through the unfaithfullnes of some, and many other great
+      losses which they sustained, which will be made manifest, if y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord be pleased to give life and time. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time, I
+      cannot but admire his ways and workes towards his servants, and humbly
+      desire to blesse his holy name for his great mercies hithertoo.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [166] The Leyden people being thus come over, and sundry of y<sup>e</sup>
+      generalitie seeing &amp; hearing how great y<sup>e</sup> charg was like to
+      be that was that way to be expended, they begane to murmure and repine at
+      it, notwithstanding y<sup>e</sup> burden lay on other mens shoulders;
+      espetially at y<sup>e</sup> paying of y<sup>e</sup> 3. bushells of corne a
+      year, according to y<sup>e</sup> former agreemente, when y<sup>e</sup>
+      trad was lett for y<sup>e</sup> 6. years aforesaid. But to give them
+      contente herein allso, it was promised them, that if they could doe it in
+      y<sup>e</sup> time without it, they would never demand it of them; which
+      gave them good contente. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_300"
+      id="Page_300">[300]</a></span>And indeed it never was paid, as will
+      appeare by y<sup>e</sup> sequell.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Concerning M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons proceedings about y<sup>e</sup>
+      inlarging &amp; confirming of their patent, both y<sup>t</sup> at home
+      &amp; Kenebeck, will best appere by another leter of M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherleys; for though much time &amp; money was expended aboute it, yet he
+      left it unaccomplisht this year, and came without it. See M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherleys letter.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Most worthy &amp; loving freinds, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Some of your letters I received in July, &amp; some since by M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Peirce, but till our maine bussines, y<sup>e</sup> patent, was granted,
+        I could not setle my mind nor pen to writing. M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton
+        was so turrmoyled about it, as verily I would not nor could not have
+        undergone it, if I might have had a thousand pounds; but y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord so blessed his labours (even beyond expectation in these evill
+        days) as he obtained y<sup>e</sup> love &amp; favore of great men in
+        repute &amp; place. He got granted from y<sup>e</sup> Earle of Warwick
+        &amp; S<sup>r</sup>. Ferdinando Gorge all that M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow
+        desired in his letters to me, &amp; more also, which I leave to him to
+        relate. Then he sued to y<sup>e</sup> king to confirme their grante, and
+        to make you a corporation, and so to inable you to make &amp; execute
+        lawes, in such large &amp; ample maner as y<sup>e</sup> Massachusett
+        plantation hath it; which y<sup>e</sup> king graciously granted,
+        referring it to y<sup>e</sup> Lord Keeper to give order to y<sup>e</sup>
+        solisiter to draw it up, if ther were a presidente for it. So y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord Keeper furthered it all he could, and allso y<sup>e</sup>
+        solissiter; but as Festus said to Paule, With no small sume of money
+        obtained I this freedom; for by y<sup>e</sup> way many ridells must be
+        resolved, and many locks must be opened with y<sup>e</sup> silver, ney,
+        y<sup>e</sup> golden key. Then it was to come to y<sup>e</sup> Lord
+        Treasurer, to have his warrente <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_301"
+        id="Page_301">[301]</a></span>for freeing y<sup>e</sup> custume for a
+        certaine time; but be would not doe it, but refferd it to y<sup>e</sup>
+        Counsell table. And ther M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton atended day by day,
+        when they sate, but could not gett his petition read. And by reason of M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Peirce his staying with all y<sup>e</sup> passengers at Bristoll, he was
+        forct to leave y<sup>e</sup> further prosecuting of it to a solissiter.
+        But ther is no fear nor doubte but it will be granted, for he hath y<sup>e</sup>
+        cheefe of them to freind; yet it will be marvelously needfull for him to
+        returne by y<sup>e</sup> first ship y<sup>t</sup> comes from thence; for
+        if you had this confirmed, then were you compleate, and might bear such
+        sway &amp; goverment as were fitt for your ranke &amp; place y<sup>t</sup>
+        God hath called you unto; and stope y<sup>e</sup> moueths of base and
+        scurrulous fellowes, y<sup>t</sup> are ready to question &amp; threaten
+        you in every action you [167] doe. And besids, if you have y<sup>e</sup>
+        custome free for 7. years inward, &amp; 21. outward, y<sup>e</sup>
+        charge of y<sup>e</sup> patent will be soone recovered, and ther is no
+        fear of obtaining<a name="FNanchor_CL_90" id="FNanchor_CL_90"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_CL_90" class="fnanchor">[CL]</a> it. But such things
+        must work by degrees; men cannot hasten it as they would; werefore we (I
+        write in behalfe of all our partners here) desire you to be ernest with
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton to come, and his wife to spare him this one year
+        more, to finish this great &amp; waighty bussines, which we conceive
+        will be much for your good, &amp; I hope for your posteritie, and for
+        many generations to come.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Thus much of this letter. It was dated y<sup>e</sup> 19. March, 1629.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By which it appears what progress was made herein, &amp; in part what
+      charge it was, and how left unfinished, and some reason of y<sup>e</sup>
+      same; but in truth (as was <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_302"
+      id="Page_302">[302]</a></span>afterwards appehended) the meaine reason was
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's policie, to have an opportunitie to be sent over
+      againe, for other regards; and for that end procured them thus to write.
+      For it might then well enough have been finshed, if not with y<sup>t</sup>
+      clause aboute y<sup>e</sup> custumes, which was M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons
+      &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys device, and not at all thought on by y<sup>e</sup>
+      colony here, nor much regarded, yet it might have been done without it,
+      without all queston, having passed y<sup>e</sup> kings hand; nay it was
+      conceived it might then have beene done with it, if he had pleased; but
+      covetousnes never brings ought home, as y<sup>e</sup> proverb is, for this
+      oppertunytie being lost, it was never accomplished, but a great deale of
+      money veainly &amp; lavishly cast away aboute it, as doth appear upon
+      their accounts. But of this more in its place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Alerton gave them great and just ofence in this (which I
+      had omited<a name="FNanchor_CM_91" id="FNanchor_CM_91"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_CM_91" class="fnanchor">[CM]</a> and almost forgotten),&mdash;in
+      bringing over this year, for base gaine, that unworthy man, and
+      instrumente of mischeefe, Morton, who was sent home but y<sup>e</sup> year
+      before for his misdemenors. He not only brought him over, but to y<sup>e</sup>
+      towne (as it were to nose them), and lodged him at his owne house, and for
+      a while used him as a scribe to doe his bussines, till he was caused to
+      pack him away. So he wente to his old nest in y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets,
+      wher it was not long <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span>but
+      by his miscariage he gave them just occation to lay hands on him; and he
+      was by them againe sent prisoner into England, wher he lay a good while in
+      Exeter Jeole. For besids his miscariage here, he was vemently suspected
+      for y<sup>e</sup> murder of a man that had adventured moneys with him,
+      when he came first into New-England. And a warrente was sente from y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord Cheefe Justice to apprehend him, by vertue wherof he was by the Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets sent into England; and for other his
+      misdemenors amongst them, they demolisht his house, that it might be no
+      longer a roost for shuch unclaine birds to nestle in. Yet he got free
+      againe, and write an infamouse &amp; scurillous booke against many godly
+      &amp; cheefe men of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie; full of lyes &amp; slanders,
+      and fraight with profane callumnies against their names and persons, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      ways of God. After sundry years, when y<sup>e</sup> warrs were hott in
+      England, he came againe into y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie, and was imprisoned at
+      Boston for this booke and other things, being grown old in wickednes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Concerning y<sup>e</sup> rest of M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons instructions, in
+      which they strictly injoyned him not to exceed above y<sup>t</sup> 50<sup>li</sup>.
+      in y<sup>e</sup> goods before mentioned, not to bring any but trading com&#773;odities,
+      he followed them not at all, but did the quite contrarie; bringing over
+      many other sorts of retaile goods, selling what he could by the way on his
+      owne accounte, and delivering the rest, which he said to be theirs, into y<sup>e</sup>
+      store; and for <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span>trading
+      goods brought but litle in comparison; excusing the matter, they had laid
+      out much about y<sup>e</sup> Laiden people, &amp; patent, &amp;c. And for
+      other goods, they had much of them of ther owne dealings, without present
+      disbursemente, &amp; to like effect. And as for passing his bounds &amp;
+      instructions, he laid it on M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, &amp;c., who, he said,
+      they might see his mind in his leters; also that they had sett out Ashley
+      at great charg; but next year they should have what trading goods they
+      would send for, if things were now well setled, &amp;c. And thus were they
+      put off; indeed M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley write things tending this way, but
+      it is like he was overruled by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, and harkened more
+      to him then to their letters from hence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus he further writs in y<sup>e</sup> former leter.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        I see what you write in your leters concerning y<sup>e</sup> over-com&#773;ing
+        &amp; paying of our debts, which I confess are great, and had need be
+        carfully looked unto; yet no doubt but we, joyning in love, may soone
+        over-come them; but we must follow it roundly &amp; to purposs, for if
+        we pedle out y<sup>e</sup> time of our trad, others will step in and
+        nose us. But we know y<sup>t</sup> you have y<sup>t</sup> aquaintance
+        &amp; experience in y<sup>e</sup> countrie, as none have the like;
+        wherfore, freinds &amp; partners, be no way discouraged with y<sup>e</sup>
+        greatnes of y<sup>e</sup> debt, &amp;c., but let us not fulfill y<sup>e</sup>
+        proverbe, to bestow 12<sup>d</sup>. on a purse, and put 6<sup>d</sup>.
+        [168] in it; but as you and we have been at great charg, and undergone
+        much for setling you ther, and to gaine experience, so as God shall
+        enable us, let us make use of it. And think not with 50<sup>li</sup>.
+        pound a yeare sent you over, to rayse shuch means as to pay our debts.
+        We see a possibillitie <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_305"
+        id="Page_305">[305]</a></span>of good if you be well supplied, and fully
+        furnished; and cheefly if you lovingly agree. I know I write to godly
+        and wise men, such as have lerned to bear one an others infirmities, and
+        rejoyce at any ones prosperities; and if I were able I would press this
+        more, because it is hoped by some of your enimies, that you will fall
+        out one with another, and so over throw your hopfull bussines. Nay, I
+        have heard it crediblie reported, y<sup>t</sup> some have said, that
+        till you be disjoynted by discontents &amp; factions<a
+        name="FNanchor_CN_92" id="FNanchor_CN_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_CN_92"
+        class="fnanchor">[CN]</a> amongst your sellves, it bootes not any to goe
+        over, in hope of getting or doing good in those parts. But we hope beter
+        things of you, and that you will not only bear one with another, but
+        banish such thoughts, and not suffer them to lodg in your brests. God
+        grant you may disappointe y<sup>e</sup> hopes of your foes, and procure
+        y<sup>e</sup> hartie desire of your selves &amp; freinds in this
+        perticuler.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      By this it appears that ther was a kind of concurrance betweene M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton and them in these things, and that they gave more regard to his
+      way &amp; course in these things, then to y<sup>e</sup> advise from hence;
+      which made him bould to presume above his instructions, and to rune on in
+      y<sup>e</sup> course he did, to their greater hurt afterwards, as will
+      appear. These things did much trouble them hear, but they well knew not
+      how to help it, being loath to make any breach or contention hear aboute;
+      being so premonished as before in y<sup>e</sup> leter above recited. An
+      other more secrete cause was herewith concurrente; M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton
+      had maried y<sup>e</sup> daughter of their Reverend Elder, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Brewster (a man beloved <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_306"
+      id="Page_306">[306]</a></span>&amp; honoured amongst them, and who tooke
+      great paines in teaching &amp; dispenceing y<sup>e</sup> word of God unto
+      them), whom they were loath to greeve or any way offend, so as they bore
+      with much in that respecte. And with all M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton carried
+      so faire with him, and procured such leters from M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley to
+      him, with shuch applause of M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons wisdom, care, and
+      faithfullnes, in y<sup>e</sup> bussines; and as things stood none were so
+      fitte to send aboute them as he; and if any should suggest other wise, it
+      was rather out of envie, or some other sinister respecte then other wise.
+      Besids, though private gaine, I doe perswade my selfe, was some cause to
+      lead M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton aside in these beginings, yet I thinke, or at
+      least charitie caries me to hope, that he intended to deale faithfully
+      with them in y<sup>e</sup> maine, and had such an opinion of his owne
+      abillitie, and some experience of y<sup>e</sup> benefite that he had made
+      in this singuler way, as he conceived he might both raise him selfe an
+      estate, and allso be a means to bring in such profite to M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherley, (and it may be y<sup>e</sup> rest,) as might be as lickly to
+      bring in their moneys againe with advantage, and it may be sooner then
+      from the generall way; or at least it was looked upon by some of them to
+      be a good help ther unto; and that neither he nor any other did intend to
+      charge y<sup>e</sup> generall accounte with any thing that rane in
+      perticuler; or y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley or any other did
+      purposs but y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> generall should be first &amp;
+      fully supplyed. I say charitie <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_307"
+      id="Page_307">[307]</a></span>makes me thus conceive; though things fell
+      out other wise, and they missed of their aimes, and y<sup>e</sup> generall
+      suffered abundantly hereby, as will afterwards apear.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [169] Togeither herewith sorted an other bussines contrived by M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton and them ther, w<sup>th</sup>out any knowledg of y<sup>e</sup>
+      partners, and so farr proceeded in as they were constrained to allow
+      therof, and joyne in y<sup>e</sup> same, though they had no great liking
+      of it, but feared what might be y<sup>e</sup> evente of y<sup>e</sup>
+      same. I shall relate it in a further part of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's
+      leter as foloweth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        I am to aquainte you that we have thought good to joyne with one Edward
+        Ashley (a man I thinke y<sup>t</sup> some of you know); but it is only
+        of y<sup>t</sup> place wherof he hath a patente in M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Beachamps name; and to that end have furnished him with larg
+        provissions, &amp;c. Now if you please to be partners with us in this,
+        we are willing you shall; for after we heard how forward Bristoll men
+        (and as I hear some able men of his owne kindrid) have been to stock
+        &amp; supply him, hoping of profite, we thought it fitter for us to lay
+        hould of such an opportunitie, and to keep a kind of run&#773;ing
+        plantation, then others who have not borne y<sup>e</sup> burthen of
+        setling a plantation, as we have done. And he, on y<sup>e</sup> other
+        side, like an understanding yonge man, thought it better to joyne with
+        those y<sup>t</sup> had means by a plantation to supply &amp; back him
+        ther, rather then strangers, that looke but only after profite. Now it
+        is not knowne that you are partners with him; but only we 4., M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Andrews, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, my selfe, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Hatherley, who desired to have y<sup>e</sup> patente, in consideration
+        of our great loss we have allready sustained in setling y<sup>e</sup>
+        first plantation ther; so we agreed togeather to <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span>take it in our names. And
+        now, as I said before, if you please to joyne with us, we are willing
+        you should. M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had no power from you to make this
+        new contracte, neither was he willing to doe any thing therin without
+        your consente &amp; approbation. M<sup>r</sup>. William Peirce is joyned
+        with us in this, for we thought it very conveniente, because of landing
+        Ashley and his goods ther, if God please; and he will bend his course
+        accordingly. He hath a new boate with him, and boards to make another,
+        with 4. or 5. lustie fellowes, wherof one is a carpenter. Now in case
+        you are not willing in this perticuler to joyne with us, fearing y<sup>e</sup>
+        charge &amp; doubting y<sup>e</sup> success, yet thus much we intreate
+        of you, to afford him all the help you can, either by men, commodities,
+        or boats; yet not but y<sup>t</sup> we will pay you for any thing he
+        hath. And we desire you to keep y<sup>e</sup> accounts apart, though you
+        joyne with us; becase ther is, as you see, other partners in this then y<sup>e</sup>
+        other; so, for all mens wages, boats-hire, or comodities, which we shall
+        have of you, make him debtore for it; and what you shall have of him,
+        make y<sup>e</sup> plantation or your selves debtore for it to him, and
+        so ther will need no mingling of y<sup>e</sup> accounts.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        And now, loving freinds &amp; partners, if you joyne in Ashles patent
+        &amp; bussines, though we have laid out y<sup>e</sup> money and taken up
+        much to stock this bussines &amp; the other, yet I thinke it
+        conscionable and reasonable y<sup>t</sup> you should beare your shares
+        and proportion of y<sup>e</sup> stock, if not by present money, yet by
+        securing us for so much as it shall come too; for it is not barly y<sup>e</sup>
+        interest that is to be alowed &amp; considered of, but allso y<sup>e</sup>
+        adventure; though I hope in God, by his blessing &amp; your honest
+        indeavors, it may soon be payed; yet y<sup>e</sup> years y<sup>t</sup>
+        this partnership holds is not long, nor many; let all therfore lay it to
+        harte, and make y<sup>e</sup> best use of y<sup>e</sup> time that
+        possiblie we cann, and let every man <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span>put too his shoulder, and
+        y<sup>e</sup> burthen will be the lighter. I know you are so honest
+        &amp; conscionable men, as you will consider hereof, [170] and returne
+        shuch an answer as may give good satisfaction. Ther is none of us that
+        would venture as we have done, were it not to strengthen &amp; setle you
+        more then our owne perticuler profite.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Ther is no liclyhood of doing any good in buying y<sup>e</sup> debte for
+        y<sup>e</sup> purchas. I know some will not abate y<sup>e</sup>
+        interest, and therfore let it rune its course; they are to be paied
+        yearly, and so I hope they shall, according to agreemente. The Lord
+        grant y<sup>t</sup> our loves &amp; affections may still be united, and
+        knit togeither; and so we rest your ever loving friends,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Timothy Hatherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Bristoll, March 19. 1629.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This mater of y<sup>e</sup> buying y<sup>e</sup> debts of y<sup>e</sup>
+      purchass was parte of M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons instructions, and in many
+      of them it might have been done to good profite for ready pay (as some
+      were); but M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley had no mind to it. But this bussines
+      aboute Ashley did not a litle trouble them; for though he had wite &amp;
+      abillitie enough to menage y<sup>e</sup> bussines, yet some of them knew
+      him to be a very profane yonge man; and he had for some time lived amonge
+      y<sup>e</sup> Indeans as a savage, &amp; wente naked amongst them, and
+      used their maners (in w<sup>ch</sup> time he got their language), so they
+      feared he might still rune into evill courses (though he promised better),
+      and God would not prosper his ways. As soone as he was landed at y<sup>e</sup>
+      place intended, caled Penobscote, some 4 score leagues from this place, he
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span>write
+      (&amp; afterwards came) for to desire to be supplyed with Wampampeake,
+      corne against winter, and other things. They considered these were of
+      their cheefe com&#773;odities, and would be continually needed by him, and
+      it would much prejudice their owne trade at Kenebeck if they did not joyne
+      with him in y<sup>e</sup> ordering of things, if thus they should supply
+      him; and on y<sup>e</sup> other hand, if they refused to joyne with him,
+      and allso to afford any supply unto him, they should greatly offend their
+      above named friends, and might hapily lose them hereby; and he and M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton, laying their craftie wits togither, might gett supplies of these
+      things els wher; besids, they considered that if they joyned not in y<sup>e</sup>
+      bussines, they knew M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton would be with them in it,
+      &amp; so would swime, as it were, betweene both, to y<sup>e</sup>
+      prejudice of boath, but of them selves espetially. For they had reason to
+      thinke this bussines was cheefly of his contriving, and Ashley was a man
+      fitte for his turne and dealings. So they, to prevente a worse mischeefe,
+      resolved to joyne in y<sup>e</sup> bussines, and gave him supplies in what
+      they could, &amp; overlooked his proceedings as well as they could; the
+      which they did y<sup>e</sup> better, by joyning an honest yonge man,<a
+      name="FNanchor_CO_93" id="FNanchor_CO_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_CO_93"
+      class="fnanchor">[CO]</a> that came from Leyden, with him as his fellow
+      (in some sorte), and not merely as a servante. Which yonge man being
+      discreete, and one whom they could trust, they so instructed as <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span>keept
+      Ashley in some good mesure within bounds. And so they returned their
+      answer to their freinds in England, that they accepted of their motion,
+      and joyned with them in Ashleys bussines; and yet withall tould them what
+      their fears were concerning him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But when they came to have full notice of all y<sup>e</sup> goods brought
+      them that year, they saw they fell very short of trading goods, and Ashley
+      farr better suppleyed then [171] themselves; so as they were forced to buy
+      of the fisher men to furnish them selves, yea, &amp; cottens &amp; carseys
+      &amp; other such like cloath (for want of trading cloath) of M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton himselfe, and so to put away a great parte of their beaver, at
+      under rate, in the countrie, which they should have sente home, to help to
+      discharge their great ingagementes; which was to their great vexation; but
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton prayed them to be contente, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      nexte yere they might have what they would write for. And their
+      ingagmentes of this year were great indeed when they came to know them,
+      (which was not wholy till 2. years after); and that which made them y<sup>e</sup>
+      more, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had taken up some large sum&#773;es at
+      Bristoll at 50. p&#818;<sup>r</sup> cent. againe, which he excused, that
+      he was forcte to it, because other wise he could at y<sup>e</sup> spring
+      of year get no goods transported, such were their envie against their
+      trade. But wheither this was any more then an excuse, some of them
+      doubted; but however, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_312"
+      id="Page_312">[312]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> burden did lye on their backs,
+      and they must bear it, as they did many heavie loads more in y<sup>e</sup>
+      end.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This paying of 50. p<sup>r</sup> cent. and dificulty of having their goods
+      tr&#257;sported by the fishing ships at y<sup>e</sup> first of y<sup>e</sup>
+      year, (as was beleeved,) which was y<sup>e</sup> cheefe season for trade,
+      put them upon another projecte. M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, after y<sup>e</sup>
+      fishing season was over, light of a bargan of salte, at a good fishing
+      place, and bought it; which came to aboute 113<sup>li</sup>.; and shortly
+      after he might have had 30<sup>li</sup>. cleare profite for it, without
+      any more trouble aboute it. But M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow coming that way
+      from Kenebeck, &amp; some other of ther partners with him in y<sup>e</sup>
+      barke, they mett with M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, and falling into discourse
+      with him, they stayed him from selling y<sup>e</sup> salte; and resolved,
+      if it might please y<sup>e</sup> rest, to keep it for them selves, and to
+      hire a ship in y<sup>e</sup> west cuntrie to come on fishing for them, on
+      shares, according to y<sup>e</sup> coustome; and seeing she might have her
+      salte here ready, and a stage ready builte &amp; fitted wher the salt lay
+      safely landed &amp; housed. In stead of bringing salte, they might stowe
+      her full of trading goods, as bread, pease, cloth, &amp;c., and so they
+      might have a full supply of goods without paing fraight, and in due
+      season, which might turne greatly to their advantage. Coming home, this
+      was propounded, and considered on, and aproved by all but y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup>, who had no mind to it, seeing they had allway lost <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span>by
+      fishing; but y<sup>e</sup> rest were so ernest, as thinkeing that they
+      might gaine well by y<sup>e</sup> fishing in this way; and if they should
+      but save, yea, or lose some thing by it, y<sup>e</sup> other benefite
+      would be advantage inough; so, seeing their ernestnes, he gave way, and it
+      was referd to their freinds in England to alow, or disalow it. Of which
+      more in its place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Upon y<sup>e</sup> consideration of y<sup>e</sup> bussines about y<sup>e</sup>
+      paten, &amp; in what state it was left, as is before remembred, and M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherleys ernest pressing to have M<sup>r</sup>. Allert&#333; to come over
+      againe to finish it, &amp; perfect y<sup>e</sup> accounts, &amp;c., it was
+      concluded to send him over this year againe; though it was with some fear
+      &amp; jeolocie; yet he gave them fair words and promises of well
+      performing all their bussineses according to their directions, and to mend
+      his former errors. So he was accordingly sent with full instructions for
+      all things, with large letters to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest, both aboute Ashleys bussines and their owne suply with trading
+      comodities, and how much it did concerne them to be furnished therwith,
+      &amp; what y<sup>e</sup> had suffered for wante therof; and of what litle
+      use other goods were [172] in comparison therof; and so likewise aboute
+      this fishing ship, to be thus hired, and fraught with trading goods, which
+      might both supply them &amp; Ashley, and y<sup>e</sup> benefite therof;
+      which was left to their consideration to hire &amp; set her out, or not;
+      but in no case not to send any, exepte she was thus fraighte with trading
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span>goods.
+      But what these things came too will appere in y<sup>e</sup> next years
+      passages.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I had like to have omited an other passage that fell out y<sup>e</sup>
+      begining of this year. Ther was one M<sup>r</sup>. Ralfe Smith, &amp; his
+      wife &amp; familie, y<sup>t</sup> came over into y<sup>e</sup> Bay of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusets, and sojourned at presente with some stragling people that
+      lived at Natascoe; here being a boat of this place putting in ther on some
+      occasion, he ernestly desired that they would give him &amp; his, passage
+      for Plimoth, and some such things as they could well carrie; having before
+      heard y<sup>t</sup> ther was liklyhood he might procure house-roome for
+      some time, till he should resolve to setle ther, if he might, or els-wher
+      as God should disposs; for he was werie of being in y<sup>t</sup> uncoth
+      place, &amp; in a poore house y<sup>t</sup> would neither keep him nor his
+      goods drie. So, seeing him to be a grave man, &amp; understood he had been
+      a minister, though they had no order for any such thing, yet they presumed
+      and brought him. He was here accordingly kindly entertained &amp; housed,
+      &amp; had y<sup>e</sup> rest of his goods &amp; servants sente for, and
+      exercised his gifts amongst them, and afterwards was chosen into y<sup>e</sup>
+      ministrie, and so remained for sundrie years.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was before noted that sundry of those that came from Leyden, came over
+      in the ships y<sup>t</sup> came to Salem, wher M<sup>r</sup>. Endecott had
+      cheefe com&#773;and; and by infection that grue amonge y<sup>e</sup>
+      passengers at sea, it spread also among them a shore, of which many dyed,
+      some of y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_315"
+      id="Page_315">[315]</a></span>scurvie, other of an infectious feaoure,
+      which continued some time amongst them (though our people, through Gods
+      goodnes, escaped it). Upon which occasion he write hither for some help,
+      understanding here was one that had some skill y<sup>t</sup> way, &amp;
+      had cured diverse of y<sup>e</sup> scurvie, and others of other diseases,
+      by letting blood, &amp; other means. Upon which his request y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> hear sent him unto them, and also write to him, from whom
+      he received an answere; the which, because it is breefe, and shows y<sup>e</sup>
+      begining of their aquaintance, and closing in y<sup>e</sup> truth &amp;
+      ways of God, I thought it not unmeete, nor without use, hear to inserte
+      it; and an other showing y<sup>e</sup> begining of their fellowship &amp;
+      church estate ther.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Being as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Right worthy S<sup>r</sup>:
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        It is a thing not usuall, that servants to one m<sup>r</sup> and of y<sup>e</sup>
+        same houshold should be strangers; I assure you I desire it not, nay, to
+        speake more plainly, I cannot be so to you. Gods people are all marked
+        with one and y<sup>e</sup> same marke, and sealed with one and y<sup>e</sup>
+        same seale, and have for y<sup>e</sup> maine, one &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+        same harte, guided by one &amp; same spirite of truth; and wher this is,
+        ther can be no discorde, nay, here must needs be sweete harmonie. And y<sup>e</sup>
+        same request (with you) I make unto y<sup>e</sup> Lord, that we may, as
+        Christian breethren, be united by a heavenly &amp; unfained love;
+        bending all our harts and forces in furthering a worke beyond our
+        strength, with reverence &amp; fear, fastening our eyse allways on him
+        that only is able to directe and prosper all our ways. I acknowledge my
+        selfe much bound to you for your kind love and care in sending M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Fuller among us, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span>and
+        rejoyce much y<sup>t</sup> I am by him satisfied touching your judgments
+        of y<sup>e</sup> outward forme of Gods worshipe. It is, as farr as [173]
+        I can yet gather, no other then is warrented by y<sup>e</sup> evidence
+        of truth, and y<sup>e</sup> same which I have proffessed and maintained
+        ever since y<sup>e</sup> Lord in mercie revealed him selfe unto me;
+        being farr from y<sup>e</sup> commone reporte that hath been spread of
+        you touching that perticuler. But Gods children must not looke for less
+        here below, and it is y<sup>e</sup> great mercie of God, that he
+        strengthens them to goe through with it. I shall not neede at this time
+        to be tedious unto you, for, God willing, I purpose to see your face
+        shortly. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time, I humbly take my leave of you, com&#773;iting
+        you to y<sup>e</sup> Lords blessed protection, &amp; rest.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your assured loving friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Jo: Endecott.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Naumkeak, May 11. An<sup>o</sup>. 1629.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This second leter sheweth ther proceedings in their church affaires at
+      Salem, which was y<sup>e</sup> 2. church erected in these parts; and
+      afterwards y<sup>e</sup> Lord established many more in sundrie places.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: I make bould to trouble you with a few lines, for to
+        certifie you how it hath pleased God to deale with us, since you heard
+        from us. How, notwithstanding all opposition that hath been hear, &amp;
+        els wher, it hath pleased God to lay a foundation, the which I hope is
+        agreeable to his word in every thing. The 20. of July, it pleased y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord to move y<sup>e</sup> hart of our Gov<sup>r</sup> to set it aparte
+        for a solemne day of humilliation for y<sup>e</sup> choyce of a pastor
+        &amp; teacher. The former parte of y<sup>e</sup> day being spente in
+        praier &amp; teaching, the later parte aboute y<sup>e</sup> election,
+        which was after this maner. The persons thought on (who had been
+        ministers in England) <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317"
+        id="Page_317">[317]</a></span>were demanded concerning their callings;
+        they acknowledged ther was a towfould calling, the one an inward
+        calling, when y<sup>e</sup> Lord moved y<sup>e</sup> harte of a man to
+        take y<sup>t</sup> calling upon him, and fitted him with guiftes for y<sup>e</sup>
+        same; the second was an outward calling, which was from y<sup>e</sup>
+        people, when a company of beleevers are joyned togither in covenante, to
+        walke togither in all y<sup>e</sup> ways of God, and every member (being
+        men) are to have a free voyce in y<sup>e</sup> choyce of their officers,
+        &amp;c. Now, we being perswaded that these 2. men were so quallified, as
+        y<sup>e</sup> apostle speaks to Timothy, wher he saith, A bishop must be
+        blamles, sober, apte to teach, &amp;c., I thinke I may say, as y<sup>e</sup>
+        eunuch said unto Philip, What should let from being baptised, seeing
+        ther was water? and he beleeved. So these 2. servants of God, clearing
+        all things by their answers, (and being thus fitted,) we saw noe reason
+        but we might freely give our voyces for their election, after this
+        triall. So M<sup>r</sup>. Skelton was chosen pastor, and M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Higgison to be teacher; and they accepting y<sup>e</sup> choyce, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Higgison, with 3. or 4. of y<sup>e</sup> gravest members of y<sup>e</sup>
+        church, laid their hands on M<sup>r</sup>. Skelton, using prayer
+        therwith. This being done, ther was imposission of hands on M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Higgison also. And since that time, Thursday (being, as I take it, y<sup>e</sup>
+        6. of August) is appoynted for another day of humilliation, for y<sup>e</sup>
+        choyce of elders &amp; deacons, &amp; ordaining of them.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        And now, good S<sup>r</sup>, I hope y<sup>t</sup> you &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+        rest of Gods people (who are aquainted with the ways of God) with you,
+        will say that hear was a right foundation layed, and that these 2.
+        blessed servants of y<sup>e</sup> Lord came in at y<sup>e</sup> dore,
+        and not at y<sup>e</sup> window. Thus I have made bould to trouble you
+        with these few lines, desiring you to remember us, &amp;c. And so rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          At your service in what I may,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Charles Gott.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Salem, July 30. 1629.
+      </div>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span>
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1630" id="a1630"></a>[174] <i>Anno Dom</i>: 1630.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ashley, being well supplyed, had quickly gathered a good parcell of
+      beaver, and like a crafty pate he sent it all home, and would not pay for
+      y<sup>e</sup> goods he had had of y<sup>e</sup> plantation hear, but lett
+      them stand still on y<sup>e</sup> score, and tooke up still more. Now
+      though they well enough knew his aime, yet they let him goe on, and write
+      of it into England. But partly y<sup>e</sup> beaver they received, &amp;
+      sould, (of which they weer sencible,) and partly by M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allertons extolling of him, they cast more how to supplie him then y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation, and something to upbraid them with it. They were forct to buy
+      him a barke allso, and to furnish her w<sup>th</sup> a m<sup>r</sup>.
+      &amp; men, to transports his corne &amp; provissions (of which he put of
+      much); for y<sup>e</sup> Indeans of those parts have no corne growing, and
+      at harvest, after corne is ready, y<sup>e</sup> weather grows foule, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      seas dangerous, so as he could doe litle good with his shallope for y<sup>t</sup>
+      purposs.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They looked ernestly for a timely supply this spring, by the fishing ship
+      which they expected, and had been at charg to keepe a stage for her; but
+      none came, nor any supply heard of for them. At length they heard sume
+      supply was sent to Ashley by a fishing ship, at which they something
+      marvelled, and the more y<sup>t</sup> they had no letters either from M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton or M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley; so they went on in their bussines as
+      well as y<sup>e</sup> could. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_319"
+      id="Page_319">[319]</a></span>At last they heard of M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce
+      his arivall in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts, who
+      brought passengers &amp; goods thither. They presently sent a shallop,
+      conceiving they should have some thing by him. But he tould them he had
+      none; and a ship was sett out on fishing, but after 11. weeks beating at
+      sea, she mett with shuch foull weather as she was forcte back againe for
+      England, and, y<sup>e</sup> season being over, gave off y<sup>e</sup>
+      vioage. Neither did he hear of much goods in her for y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation, or y<sup>t</sup> she did belong to them, for he had heard some
+      thing from M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton tending that way. But M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton had bought another ship, and was to come in her, and was to fish
+      for bass to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, and to bring goods, &amp;c. These
+      things did much trouble them, and half astonish them. M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslow haveing been to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, brought nuese of the like
+      things, w<sup>th</sup> some more perticulers, and y<sup>t</sup> it was
+      like M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton would be late before he came. At length they,
+      having an oppertunitie, resolved to send M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, with what
+      beaver they had ready, into England, to see how y<sup>e</sup> squars
+      wente, being very jeolouse of these things, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons
+      courses; and writ shuch leters, and gave him shuch instructions, as they
+      thought meet; and if he found things not well, to discharge M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton for being any longer agent for them, or to deal any more in y<sup>e</sup>
+      bussines, and to see how y<sup>e</sup> accounts stood, &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Aboute y<sup>e</sup> midle of som&#773;er arrives M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley
+      in <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts, (being one of y<sup>e</sup> partners,)
+      and came over in y<sup>e</sup> same ship that was set out on fhishing
+      (called y<sup>e</sup> Frendship). They presently sent to him, making no
+      question but now they had goods come, and should know how all things
+      stood. But they found [175] the former news true, how this ship had been
+      so long at sea, and spente and spoyled her provissions, and overthrowne y<sup>e</sup>
+      viage. And he being sent over by y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+      partners, to see how things wente hear, being at Bristoll with M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton, in y<sup>e</sup> shipe bought (called y<sup>e</sup>
+      White-Angell), ready to set sayle, over night came a messenger from
+      Bastable to M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, and tould him of y<sup>e</sup>
+      returne of y<sup>e</sup> ship, and what had befallen. And he not knowing
+      what to doe, having a great chareg under hand, y<sup>e</sup> ship lying at
+      his rates, and now ready to set sayle, got him to goe and discharg y<sup>e</sup>
+      ship, and take order for y<sup>e</sup> goods. To be short, they found M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Hatherley some thing reserved, and troubled in him selfe, (M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton not being ther,) not knowing how to dispose of y<sup>e</sup>
+      goods till he came; but he heard he was arived with y<sup>e</sup> other
+      ship to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, and expected his coming. But he tould them
+      ther was not much for them in this ship, only 2. packs of Bastable ruggs,
+      and 2. hoggsheads of meatheglin, drawne out in wooden flackets (but when
+      these flackets came to be received, ther was left but 6. gallons of y<sup>e</sup>
+      2. hogsheads, it being drunke up under y<sup>e</sup> name leackage, and so
+      lost). <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span>But
+      the ship was filled with goods for sundrie gentlemen, &amp; others, that
+      were come to plant in y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, for which they payed
+      fraight by y<sup>e</sup> tun. And this was all the satisfaction they could
+      have at presente, so they brought this small parcell of goods &amp;
+      returned with this nues, and a letter as obscure; which made them much to
+      marvell therat. The letter was as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Gentle-men, partners, and loving friends, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Breefly thus: wee have this year set forth a fishing ship, and a trading
+        ship, which later we have bought; and so have disbursed a great deale of
+        money, as may and will appeare by y<sup>e</sup> accounts. And because
+        this ship (called y<sup>e</sup> White Angell) is to acte 2. parts, (as I
+        may say,) fishing for bass, and trading; and that while M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allerton was imployed aboute y<sup>e</sup> trading, the fishing might
+        suffer by carlesnes or neglecte of y<sup>e</sup> sailors, we have
+        entreated your and our loving friend, M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, to goe
+        over with him, knowing he will be a comforte to M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton,
+        a joye to you, to see a carfull and loving friend, and a great stay to y<sup>e</sup>
+        bussines; and so great contente to us, that if it should please God y<sup>e</sup>
+        one should faile, (as God forbid,) yet y<sup>e</sup> other would keepe
+        both recconings, and things uprighte. For we are now out great sumes of
+        money, as they will acquainte you withall, &amp;c. When we were out but
+        4. or 5. hundred pounds a peece, we looked not much after it, but left
+        it to you, &amp; your agente, (who, without flaterie, deserveth infinite
+        thanks &amp; comendations, both of you &amp; us, for his pains, &amp;c.);
+        but now we are out double, nay, trible a peece, some of us, &amp;c.;
+        which maks us both write, and send over our friend, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Hatherley, whom we pray you to entertaine kindly, of which we doubte not
+        of. The main end of sending him <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_322"
+        id="Page_322">[322]</a></span>is to see y<sup>e</sup> state and accounte
+        of all y<sup>e</sup> bussines, of all which we pray you informe him
+        fully, though y<sup>e</sup> ship &amp; bussines wayte for it and him.
+        For we should take it very unkindly that we should intreat him to take
+        such a journey, and that, when it pleaseth God he returnes, he could not
+        give us contente &amp; satisfaction in this perticuler, through defaulte
+        of any of you. [176] But we hope you will so order bussines, as neither
+        he nor we shall have cause to complaine, but to doe as we ever have
+        done, thinke well of you all, &amp;c. I will not promise, but shall
+        indeaour &amp; hope to effecte y<sup>e</sup> full desire and grant of
+        your patente, &amp; that ere it be longe. I would not have you take any
+        thing unkindly. I have not write out of jeolocie of any unjuste dealing.
+        Be you all kindly saluted in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, so I rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Yours in what I may,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        March 25. 1630.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      It needs not be thought strange, that these things should amase and
+      trouble them; first, that this fishing ship should be set out, and fraight
+      with other mens goods, &amp; scarce any of theirs; seeing their maine end
+      was (as is before remembred) to bring them a full supply, and their
+      speatiall order not to sett out any excepte this was done. And now a ship
+      to come on their accounte, clean contrary to their both end &amp; order,
+      was a misterie they could not understand; and so much y<sup>e</sup> worse,
+      seeing she had shuch ill success as to lose both her vioage &amp;
+      provissions. The 2. thing, that another ship should be bought and sente
+      out on new designes, a thing not so much as once thought on by <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span>any here,
+      much less, not a word intimated or spoaken of by any here, either by word
+      or letter, neither could they imagine why this should be. Bass fishing was
+      never lookt at by them, but as soone as ever they heard on it, they looked
+      at it as a vaine thing, that would certainly turne to loss. And for M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton to follow any trade for them, it was never in their thoughts. And
+      3<sup>ly</sup>, that their fri&#275;ds should complaine of disbursements,
+      and yet rune into such great things, and charge of shiping &amp; new
+      projects of their owne heads, not only without, but against, all order
+      &amp; advice, was to them very strang. And 4<sup>ly</sup>, that all these
+      matters of so great charg &amp; imployments should be thus wrapped up in a
+      breefe and obscure letter, they knew not what to make of it. But amids all
+      their doubts they must have patience till M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Hatherley should come. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow
+      was gone for England; and others of them were forst to folow their
+      imployments with y<sup>e</sup> best means they had, till they could hear
+      of better.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At length M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton came unto
+      them, (after they had delivered their goods,) and finding them strucken
+      with some sadnes aboute these things, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton tould them
+      that y<sup>e</sup> ship Whit-Angele did not belong to them, nor their
+      accounte, neither neede they have any thing to doe with her, excepte they
+      would. And M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley confirmed y<sup>e</sup> same, and said
+      that they would have had him to have <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span>had a parte, but he refused;
+      but he made question whether they would not turne her upon y<sup>e</sup>
+      generall accounte, if ther came loss (as he now saw was like), seeing M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton laid downe this course, and put them on this projecte. But for y<sup>e</sup>
+      fishing ship, he tould them they need not be so much troubled, for he had
+      her accounts here, and showed them that her first seting out came not much
+      to exceed 600<sup>li</sup>. as they might see by y<sup>e</sup> accounte,
+      which he showed them; and for this later viage, it would arrise to profite
+      by y<sup>e</sup> fraight of the goods, and y<sup>e</sup> salle of some
+      katle which he shiped and had allready sould, &amp; was to be paid for
+      partly here &amp; partly by bills into England, so as they should not have
+      this put on their acounte at all, except they [178]<a name="FNanchor_CP_94"
+      id="FNanchor_CP_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_CP_94" class="fnanchor">[CP]</a>
+      would. And for y<sup>e</sup> former, he had sould so much goods out of her
+      in England, and imployed y<sup>e</sup> money in this 2. viage, as it,
+      togeither with such goods &amp; implements as M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton must
+      need aboute his fishing, would rise to a good parte of y<sup>e</sup>
+      money; for he must have y<sup>e</sup> sallt and nets, allso spiks, nails,
+      &amp;c.; all which would rise to nere 400<sup>li</sup>; so, with y<sup>e</sup>
+      bearing of their parts of y<sup>e</sup> rest of the loses (which would not
+      be much above 200<sup>li</sup>.), they would clear them of this whole
+      accounte. Of which motion they were glad, not being willing to have any
+      accounts lye upon them; but aboute their trade, which made them willing to
+      harken therunto, and demand of M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley how he could <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span>make this
+      good, if they should agree their unto, he tould them he was sent over as
+      their agente, and had this order from them, that whatsoever he and M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton did togeather, they would stand to it; but they would not alow of
+      what M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton did alone, except they liked it; but if he
+      did it alone, they would not gaine say it. Upon which they sould to him
+      &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton all y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+      goods, and gave them present possession of them; and a writing was made,
+      and confirmed under both M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherleys and M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allertons hands, to y<sup>e</sup> effecte afforesaide. And M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allertone, being best aquainted w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> people, sould
+      away presenly all shuch goods as he had no need of for y<sup>e</sup>
+      fishing, as 9. shallop sails, made of good new canvas, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      roads for them being all new, with sundry such usefull goods, for ready
+      beaver, by M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherleys allowance. And thus they thought they
+      had well provided for them selvs. Yet they rebuked M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton
+      very much for runing into these courses, fearing y<sup>e</sup> success of
+      them. M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley brought to y<sup>e</sup>
+      towne with them (after he had sould what he could abroad) a great quantity
+      of other goods besids trading comodities; as linen cloath, bedticks,
+      stockings, tape, pins, ruggs, &amp;c., and tould them they were to have
+      them, if they would; but they tould M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton that they had
+      forbid him before for bringing any such on their accounte; it would hinder
+      their trade and returnes. But he &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley said, if
+      they would not have them, they <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_326"
+      id="Page_326">[326]</a></span>would sell them, them selves, and take corne
+      for what they could not otherwise sell. They tould them they might, if
+      they had order for it. The goods of one sorte &amp; other came to upward
+      of 500<sup>li</sup>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After these things, Mr. Allerton wente to y<sup>e</sup> ship aboute his
+      bass fishing; and M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, (according to his order,)
+      after he tooke knowledg how things stood at y<sup>e</sup> plantation, (of
+      all which they informed him fully,) he then desired a boate of them to goe
+      and visite y<sup>e</sup> trading houeses, both Kenebeck, and Ashley at
+      Penobscote; for so they in England had injoyned him. They accordingly
+      furnished him with a boate &amp; men for y<sup>e</sup> viage, and
+      aquainted him plainly &amp; thorowly with all things; by which he had good
+      contente and satisfaction, and saw plainly that M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton
+      plaid his owne game, and rane a course not only to y<sup>e</sup> great
+      wrong &amp; detrimente of y<sup>e</sup> plantation, who imployed &amp;
+      trusted him, but abused them in England also, in possessing them with
+      prejudice against y<sup>e</sup> plantation; as y<sup>t</sup>, they would
+      never be able to repaye their moneys (in regard of their great charge),
+      but if [179] they would follow his advice and projects, he &amp; Ashley
+      (being well supplyed) would quickly bring in their moneys with good
+      advantage. Mr. Hatherley disclosed also a further projecte aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      setting out of this ship, y<sup>e</sup> White-angell; how, she being wel
+      fitted with good ordnance, and known to have made a great fight at sea
+      (when she belongd to Bristoll) and caried away <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span>the victory, they had agreed
+      (by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's means) that, after she had brought a fraight
+      of goods here into the countrie, and fraight her selfe with fish, she
+      should goe from hence to Port of porte,<a name="FNanchor_CQ_95"
+      id="FNanchor_CQ_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_CQ_95" class="fnanchor">[CQ]</a>
+      and ther be sould, both ship, goods, and ordenance; and had, for this end,
+      had speech with a factore of those parts, beforehand, to whom she should
+      have been consigned. But this was prevented at this time, (after it was
+      known,) partly by y<sup>e</sup> contrary advice given by their freinds
+      hear to M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, showing
+      how it might insnare their friends in England, (being men of estate,) if
+      it should come to be knowne; and for y<sup>e</sup> plantation, they did
+      and would disalow it, and protest against it; and partly by their bad
+      viage, for they both came too late to doe any good for fishing, and allso
+      had such a wicked and drunken company as neither M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton
+      nor any els could rule; as M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, to his great greefe
+      &amp; shame, saw, &amp; beheld, and all others that came nere them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ashley likwise was taken in a trape, (before M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley
+      returned,) for trading powder &amp; shote with y<sup>e</sup> Indeans; and
+      was ceased upon by some in authoritie, who allso would have confiscated
+      above a thousand weight of beaver; but y<sup>e</sup> goods were freed, for
+      y<sup>e</sup> Governer here made it appere, by a bond under Ashleys hand,
+      wherin he was bound to them in 500<sup>li</sup>. not to trade any munition
+      with the Indeans, or other wise <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_328"
+      id="Page_328">[328]</a></span>to abuse him selfe; it was also manifest
+      against him that he had com&#773;ited uncleannes with Indean women,
+      (things that they feared at his first imployment, which made them take
+      this strict course with him in y<sup>e</sup> begining); so, to be shorte,
+      they gott their goods freed, but he was sent home prisoner. And that I may
+      make an end concerning him, after some time of imprisonmente in y<sup>e</sup>
+      Fleet, by y<sup>e</sup> means of friends he was set at liberty, and
+      intended to come over againe, but y<sup>e</sup> Lord prevented it; for he
+      had a motion made to him, by some marchants, to goe into Russia, because
+      he had such good skill in y<sup>e</sup> beaver trade, the which he
+      accepted of, and in his returne home was cast away at sea; this was his
+      end.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, fully understanding y<sup>e</sup> state of all
+      things, had good satisfaction, and could well informe them how all things
+      stood betweene M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton and y<sup>e</sup> plantation. Yea,
+      he found that M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had gott within him, and [180] got
+      all the goods into his owne hands, for which M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley
+      stood joyntly ingaged to them hear, aboute y<sup>e</sup> ship-Fre&#299;dship,
+      as also most of y<sup>e</sup> fraigte money, besids some of his owne
+      perticuler estate; about w<sup>ch</sup> more will appear here after. So he
+      returned into England, and they sente a good quantity of beaver with him
+      to y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> partners; so both he and it was
+      very wellcome unto them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton followed his affaires, &amp; returned with his
+      White Angell, being no more imployed by y<sup>e</sup> plantation; <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span>but these
+      bussinesses were not ended till many years after, nor well understood of a
+      longe time, but foulded up in obscuritie, &amp; kepte in y<sup>e</sup>
+      clouds, to y<sup>e</sup> great loss &amp; vexation of y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation, who in y<sup>e</sup> end were (for peace sake) forced to bear
+      y<sup>e</sup> unjust burthen of them, to their allmost undoing, as will
+      appear, if God give life to finish this history.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They sent their letters also by M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley to y<sup>e</sup>
+      partners ther, to show them how M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton had discharged them of y<sup>e</sup> Friendships accounte, and
+      that they boath affirmed y<sup>t</sup> the White-Angell did not at all
+      belong to them; and therfore desired that their accounte might not be
+      charged therwith. Also they write to M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, their agente,
+      that he in like maner should (in their names) protest against it, if any
+      such thing should be intended, for they would never yeeld to y<sup>e</sup>
+      same. As allso to signifie to them that they renounsed M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton wholy, for being their agente, or to have any thing to doe in any
+      of their bussines.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year John Billinton y<sup>e</sup> elder (one that came over with y<sup>e</sup>
+      first) was arrained, and both by grand &amp; petie jurie found guilty of
+      willfull murder, by plaine &amp; notorious evidence. And was for the same
+      accordingly executed.<a name="FNanchor_CR_96" id="FNanchor_CR_96"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_CR_96" class="fnanchor">[CR]</a> This, as it was y<sup>e</sup>
+      first execution <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span>amongst
+      them, so was it a mater of great sadnes unto them. They used all due means
+      about his triall, and tooke y<sup>e</sup> advice of M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winthrop and other y<sup>e</sup> ablest gentle-men in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of
+      y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, that were then new-ly come over, who concured
+      with them y<sup>t</sup> he ought to dye, and y<sup>e</sup> land to be
+      purged from blood. He and some of his had been often punished for
+      miscariags before, being one of the profanest families amongst them. They
+      came from London, and I know not by what freinds shufled into their
+      company. His facte was, that he way-laid a yong-man, one John New-comin,
+      (about a former quarell,) and shote him with a gune, wherof he dyed.<a
+      name="FNanchor_CS_97" id="FNanchor_CS_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_CS_97"
+      class="fnanchor">[CS]</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having by a providence a letter or to y<sup>t</sup> came to my hands
+      concerning the proceedings of their Re<sup>d</sup> freinds in y<sup>e</sup>
+      Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, who were latly come over, I thought it
+      not amise here to inserte them, (so farr as is pertenente, and may be
+      usefull for after times,) before I conclude this year.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: Being at Salem the 25. of July, being y<sup>e</sup>
+        saboath, after y<sup>e</sup> evening exercise, M<sup>r</sup>. Johnson
+        received a letter from y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span>Governor, Mr. John
+        Winthrop, manifesting y<sup>e</sup> hand of God to be upon them, and
+        against them at Charles-towne, in visiting them with sicknes, and taking
+        diverse from amongst them, not sparing y<sup>e</sup> righteous, but
+        partaking with y<sup>e</sup> wicked in these bodily judgments. It was
+        therfore by his desire taken into y<sup>e</sup> Godly consideration of y<sup>e</sup>
+        best hear, what was to be done to pacifie y<sup>e</sup> Lords wrath,
+        &amp;c. Wher it was concluded, that the Lord was to be sought in
+        righteousnes; and to that end, y<sup>e</sup> 6. day (being Friday) of
+        this present weeke, is set aparte, that they may humble them selves
+        before God, and seeke him in his ordenances; and that then also such
+        godly persons that are amongst them, and know&#773; each to other, may
+        publickly, at y<sup>e</sup> end of their exercise, make known their
+        Godly desire, and practise y<sup>e</sup> same, viz. solem&#773;ly to
+        enter into [181] covenante with y<sup>e</sup> Lord to walke in his ways.
+        And since they are so disposed of in their outward estats, as to live in
+        three distinct places, each having men of abilitie amongst them, ther to
+        observe y<sup>e</sup> day, and become 3. distincte bodys; not then
+        intending rashly to proceed to y<sup>e</sup> choyce of officers, or y<sup>e</sup>
+        admitting of any other to their societie then a few, to witte, such as
+        are well knowne unto them; promising after to receive in such by
+        confession of faith, as shall appeare to be fitly qualified for y
+        estate. They doe ernestly entreate that y<sup>e</sup> church of Plimoth
+        would set apparte y<sup>e</sup> same day, for y<sup>e</sup> same ends,
+        beseeching y<sup>e</sup> Lord, as to withdraw his hand of correction
+        from them, so also to establish and direct them in his wayes. And though
+        y<sup>e</sup> time be shorte, we pray you be provocked to this godly
+        worke, seing y<sup>e</sup> causes are so urgente; wherin God will be
+        honoured, and they &amp; we undoubtedly have sweete comforte. Be you all
+        kindly saluted, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your brethren in Christ, &amp;c.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Salem, July 26. 1630.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: etc. The sadd news here is, that many are sicke, and many
+        are dead; y<sup>e</sup> Lord in mercie looke upon them. Some are here
+        entered into church covenante; the first were 4. namly, y<sup>e</sup>
+        Gov<sup>r</sup>, M<sup>r</sup>. John Winthrop, M<sup>r</sup>. Johnson, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Dudley, and M<sup>r</sup>. Willson; since that 5. more are joyned unto
+        them, and others, it is like, will adde them selves to them dayly; the
+        Lord increase them, both in number and in holines for his mercie sake.
+        Here is a gentleman, one M<sup>r</sup>. Cottington, (a Boston man,) who
+        tould me, that M<sup>r</sup>. Cottons charge at Hamton was, that they
+        should take advise of them at Plimoth, and should doe nothing to offend
+        them. Here are diverce honest Christians that are desirous to see us,
+        some out of love which they bear to us, and y<sup>e</sup> good
+        perswasion they have of us; others to see whether we be so ill as they
+        have heard of us. We have a name of holines, and love to God and his
+        saincts; the Lord make us more and more answerable, and that it may be
+        more then a name, or els it will doe us no good. Be you lovingly
+        saluted, and all the rest of our friends. The Lord Jesus blese us, and y<sup>e</sup>
+        whole Israll of God. Amen.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your loving brother, &amp;c.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Charles-towne, Aug. 2. 1630.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Thus out of smalle beginings greater things have been prodused by his hand
+      y<sup>t</sup> made all things of nothing, and gives being to all things
+      that are; and as one small candle may light a thousand, so y<sup>e</sup>
+      light here kindled hath shone to many, yea in some sorte to our whole
+      nation; let y<sup>e</sup> glorious name of Jehova have all y<sup>e</sup>
+      praise.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1631" id="a1631"></a>[182] <i>Anno Dom</i>: 1631.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ashley being thus by y<sup>e</sup> hand of God taken away, and M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton discharged of his imploymente for them, their bussines began
+      againe to rune in one chanell, and them selves better able to guide the
+      same, Penobscote being wholy now at their disposing. And though M<sup>r</sup>.
+      William Peirce had a parte ther as is before noted, yet now, as things
+      stood, he was glad to have his money repayed him, and stand out. M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslow, whom they had sent over, sent them over some supply as soone as
+      he could; and afterwards when he came, which was something longe by reason
+      of bussines, he brought a large supply of suitable goods with him, by
+      which ther trading was well carried on. But by no means either he, or y<sup>e</sup>
+      letters y<sup>ey</sup> write, could take off M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley &amp;
+      y<sup>e</sup> rest from putting both y<sup>e</sup> Friendship and
+      Whit-Angell on y<sup>e</sup> generall accounte; which caused continuall
+      contention betweene them, as will more appeare.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I shall inserte a leter of M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow's about these things,
+      being as foloweth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: It fell out by Gods providence, y<sup>t</sup> I received
+        and brought your leters p<sup>r</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton from
+        Bristoll, to London; and doe much feare what will be y<sup>e</sup> event
+        of things. M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton intended to prepare y<sup>e</sup>
+        ship againe, to set forth upon fishing. M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Beachamp, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, they renounce all perticulers,
+        protesting but for us they <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_334"
+        id="Page_334">[334]</a></span>would never have adventured one penie into
+        those parts; M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley stands inclinable to either. And
+        wheras you write that he and M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton have taken y<sup>e</sup>
+        Whit-Angell upon them, for their partners here, they professe they
+        neiver gave any such order, nor will make it good; if them selves will
+        cleare y<sup>e</sup> accounte &amp; doe it, all shall be well. What y<sup>e</sup>
+        evente of these things will be, I know not. The Lord so directe and
+        assiste us, as he may not be dishonoured by our divissions. I hear (p<sup>r</sup>
+        a friend) that I was much blamed for speaking w<sup>t</sup><a
+        name="FNanchor_CT_98" id="FNanchor_CT_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_CT_98"
+        class="fnanchor">[CT]</a> I heard in y<sup>e</sup> spring of y<sup>e</sup>
+        year, concerning y<sup>e</sup> buying &amp; setting forth of y<sup>t</sup>
+        ship;<a name="FNanchor_CU_99" id="FNanchor_CU_99"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_CU_99" class="fnanchor">[CU]</a> sure, if I should not
+        have tould you what I heard so peremtorly reported (which report I
+        offered now to prove at Bristoll), I should have been unworthy my
+        imploymente. And concerning y<sup>e</sup> commission so long since given
+        to M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, the truth is, the thing we feared is come
+        upon us; for M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley &amp; y<sup>e</sup> rest have it,
+        and will not deliver it, that being y<sup>e</sup> ground of our agents
+        credite to procure shuch great sumes. But I looke for bitter words, hard
+        thoughts, and sower looks, from sundrie, as well for writing this, as
+        reporting y<sup>e</sup> former. I would I had a more thankfull
+        imploymente; but I hope a good conscience shall make it comefortable,
+        &amp;c.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Thus farr he. Dated Nov: 16. 1631.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The comission above said was given by them under their hand and seale,
+      when M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton was first imployed by them, and redemanded of
+      him in y<sup>e</sup> year 29. when they begane to suspecte his course. He
+      tould them it was amongst his papers, but he would seeke it out &amp; give
+      it them before he wente. But he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_335"
+      id="Page_335">[335]</a></span>being ready to goe, it was demanded againe.
+      He said he could not find it, but it was amongst his papers, which he must
+      take w<sup>th</sup> him, [183] and he would send it by y<sup>e</sup> boat
+      from y<sup>e</sup> eastward; but ther it could not be had neither, but he
+      would seeke it up at sea. But whether M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley had it before
+      or after, it is not certaine; but having it, he would not let it goe, but
+      keeps it to this day. Wherfore, even amongst freinds, men had need be
+      carfull whom they trust, and not lett things of this nature lye long
+      unrecaled.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      <i>Some parts of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's letters aboute these things, in
+      which y<sup>e</sup> truth is best manifested.</i>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Sir: Yours I have received by our loving friends, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allerton &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, who, blesed be God, after a
+        long &amp; dangerous passage with y<sup>e</sup> ship Angell, are safely
+        come to Bristoll. M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley is come up, but M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allerton I have not yet seen. We thanke you, and are very glad you have
+        disswaded him from his Spanish viage, and y<sup>t</sup> he did not goe
+        on in these designes he intended; for we did all uterly dislick of that
+        course, as allso of y<sup>e</sup> fishing y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup>
+        Freindship should have performed; for we wished him to sell y<sup>e</sup>
+        salte, and were unwilling to have him undertake so much bussines, partly
+        for y<sup>e</sup> ill success we formerly had in those affairs, and
+        partly being loath to disburse so much money. But he perswaded us this
+        must be one way y<sup>t</sup> must repay us, for y<sup>e</sup>
+        plantation would be long in doing of it; ney, to my rememberance, he
+        doubted you could not be able, with y<sup>e</sup> trade ther, to
+        maintaine your charge &amp; pay us. And for this very cause he brought
+        us on y<sup>t</sup> bussines with Ed: Ashley, for he was a stranger to
+        us, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span>For
+        y<sup>e</sup> fishing ship, we are sorie it proves so heavie, and will
+        be willing to bear our parts. What M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allerton have done, no doubt but them selves will make good;<a
+        name="FNanchor_CV_100" id="FNanchor_CV_100"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_CV_100" class="fnanchor">[CV]</a> we gave them no order
+        to make any composition, to seperate you and us in this or any other.
+        And I thinke you have no cause to forsake us, for we put you upon no new
+        thing, but what your agent perswaded us to, &amp; you by your letters
+        desired. If he exceede your order, I hope you will not blame us, much
+        less cast us of, when our moneys be layed out, &amp;c. But I fear
+        neither you nor we have been well delte withall, for sure, as you write,
+        halfe 4000<sup>li</sup>.?, nay, a quarter, in fitting comodities, and in
+        seasonable time, would have furnished you beter then you were. And yet
+        for all this, and much more I might write, I dare not but thinke him
+        honest, and that his desire and intente was good; but y<sup>e</sup>
+        wisest may faile. Well, now y<sup>t</sup> it hath pleased God to give us
+        hope of meeting, doubte not but we will all indeavore to perfecte these
+        accounts just &amp; right, as soone as possibly we can. And I supposs
+        you sente over M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, and we M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley,
+        to certifie each other how y<sup>e</sup> state of things stood. We have
+        received some contente upon M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley's returne, and I
+        hope you will receive good contente <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span>upon M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Winslow's returne. Now I should come to answer more perticulerly your
+        letter, but herin I shall be very breefe. The coming of y<sup>e</sup>
+        White Angele on your accounte could not be more strang to you, then y<sup>e</sup>
+        buying of her was to us; for you gave him commission<a
+        name="FNanchor_CW_101" id="FNanchor_CW_101"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_CW_101" class="fnanchor">[CW]</a> that what he did you
+        would stand too; we gave him none, and yet for his credite, and your
+        saks, payed what bills he charged on us, &amp;c. For y<sup>t</sup> I
+        write she was to acte tow parts, fishing &amp; trade; beleeve me, I
+        never so much as thought of any perticuler trade, nor will side with any
+        y<sup>t</sup> doth, if I conceive it may wrong you; for I ever was
+        against it, useing these words: They will eate up and destroy y<sup>e</sup>
+        generall.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Other things I omite as tedious, and not very pertenente. This was dated
+      Nov<sup>r</sup>. 19. 1631.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In an other leter bearing date y<sup>e</sup> 24. of this month, being an
+      answer to y<sup>e</sup> generall order, he hath these words:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        [184] For y<sup>e</sup> White Angell, against which you write so
+        ernestly, and say we thrust her upon you, contrary to y<sup>e</sup>
+        intente of y<sup>e</sup> buyer, herin we say you forgett your selves,
+        and doe us wrong. We will not take uppon us to devine what y<sup>e</sup>
+        thougts or intents of y<sup>e</sup> buyer was, but what he spack we
+        heard, and that we will affirme, and make good against any y<sup>t</sup>
+        oppose it; which is, y<sup>t</sup> unles shee were bought, and shuch a
+        course taken, Ashley could not be supplyed; and againe, if he weer not
+        supplyed, we could not be satisfied what we were out for you. And
+        further, you were not able to doe it; and he gave some reasons <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span>which
+        we spare to relate, unless by your unreasonable refusall you will force
+        us, and so, hasten y<sup>t</sup> fire which is a kindling too fast
+        allready, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>Out of another of his, bearing date Jan. 2. 1631.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        We purpose to keep y<sup>e</sup> Freindship and y<sup>e</sup> Whit
+        Angell, for y<sup>e</sup> last year viages, on the generall accounte,
+        hoping togeither they will rather produse profite then loss, and breed
+        less confution in our accounts, and less disturbance in our affections.
+        As for y<sup>e</sup> White Angell, though we layed out y<sup>e</sup>
+        money, and tooke bills of salle in our owne names, yet none of us had so
+        much as a thought (I dare say) of deviding from you in any thing this
+        year, because we would not have y<sup>e</sup> world (I may say Bristoll)
+        take notice of any breach betwixte M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton and you, and
+        he and us; and so disgrace him in his proceedings on<a
+        name="FNanchor_CX_102" id="FNanchor_CX_102"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_CX_102" class="fnanchor">[CX]</a> in his intended viage.
+        We have now let him y<sup>e</sup> ship at 30<sup>li</sup>. p<sup>r</sup>
+        month, by charter-partie, and bound him in a bond of a 1000<sup>li</sup>.
+        to performe covenants, and bring her to London (if God please). And what
+        he brings in her for you, shall be marked w<sup>th</sup> your marke, and
+        bils of laden taken, &amp; sent in M<sup>r</sup>. Winslows letter, who
+        is this day riding to Bristoll about it. So in this viage, we deale
+        &amp; are with him as strangers. He hath brought in 3. books of
+        accounts, one for y<sup>e</sup> company, an other for Ashley's bussines,
+        and y<sup>e</sup> third for y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell and Freindship.
+        The books, or coppies, we purpose to send you, for you may discover y<sup>e</sup>
+        errours in them better then we. We can make it appear how much money he
+        hath had of us, and you can charg him with all y<sup>e</sup> beaver he
+        hath had of you. The totall sume, as he hath put it, is 7103. 17. 1. Of
+        this he hath expended, and given to Mr. Vines &amp; others, aboute 543<sup>li</sup>.
+        ode money, and then by your books you will <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span>find whether you had such,
+        &amp; so much goods, as he chargeth you with all; and this is all that I
+        can say at presente concerning these accounts. He thought to dispatch
+        them in a few howers, but he and Straton &amp; Fogge were above a month
+        aboute them; but he could not stay till we had examined them, for losing
+        his fishing viage, which I fear he hath allready done, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        We blese God, who put both you &amp; us in mind to send each to other,
+        for verily had he rune on in that desperate &amp; chargable course one
+        year more, we had not been able to suport him; nay, both he and we must
+        have lyen in y<sup>e</sup> ditch, and sunck under y<sup>e</sup> burthen,
+        &amp;c. Had ther been an orderly course taken, and your bussines better
+        managed, assuredly (by y<sup>e</sup> blessing of God) you had been y<sup>e</sup>
+        ablest plantation that, as we think, or know, hath been undertaken by
+        Englishmen, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Thus farr of these letters of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's.<a
+      name="FNanchor_CY_103" id="FNanchor_CY_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_CY_103"
+      class="fnanchor">[CY]</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [185] A few observations from y<sup>e</sup> former letters, and then I
+      shall set downe the simple truth of y<sup>e</sup> things (thus in
+      controversie betweene them), at least as farr as by any good evidence it
+      could be made to appeare; and so laboure to be breefe in so tedious and
+      intricate a bussines, which hunge in expostulation betweene them many
+      years before y<sup>e</sup> same was ended. That though ther will be often
+      occasion to touch these things about other passages, yet I shall not neede
+      to be large therin; doing it hear once for all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      First, it seemes to appere clearly that Ashley's bussines, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      buying of this ship, and y<sup>e</sup> courses <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span>framed ther upon, were first
+      contrived and proposed by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, as also y<sup>t</sup>
+      the pleaes and pretences which he made, of y<sup>e</sup> inablitie of y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation to repaye their moneys, &amp;c., and y<sup>e</sup> hops he gave
+      them of doing it with profile, was more beleeved &amp; rested on by them
+      (at least some of them) then any thing y<sup>e</sup> plantation did or
+      said.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      2. It is like, though M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton might thinke not to wrong y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation in y<sup>e</sup> maine, yet his owne gaine and private ends led
+      him a side in these things: for it came to be knowne, and I have it in a
+      letter under M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's hand, that in y<sup>e</sup> first 2.
+      or 3. years of his imploymente, he had cleared up 400<sup>li</sup>. and
+      put it into a brew-house of M<sup>r</sup>. Colliers in London, at first
+      under M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's name, &amp;c.; besids what he might have
+      other wise. Againe, M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley and he had perticuler dealings
+      in some things; for he bought up y<sup>e</sup> beaver that sea-men &amp;
+      other passengers brought over to Bristoll, and at other places, and
+      charged y<sup>e</sup> bills to London, which M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley payed;
+      and they got some time 50<sup>li</sup>. a peece in a bargen, as was made
+      knowne by M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley &amp; others, besids what might be
+      other wise; which might make M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley harken unto him in
+      many things; and yet I beleeve, as he in his forementioned leter write, he
+      never would side in any perticuler trade w<sup>ch</sup> he conceived would
+      wrong y<sup>e</sup> plantation, and eate up &amp; destroy y<sup>e</sup>
+      generall.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      3<sup>ly</sup>. It may be perceived that, seeing they had done so much for
+      y<sup>e</sup> plantation, both in former adventures and late
+      disbursements, and allso that M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton was y<sup>e</sup>
+      first occasioner of bringing them upon these new designes, which at first
+      seemed faire &amp; profitable unto them, and unto which they agreed; but
+      now, seeing them to turne to loss, and decline to greater intanglments,
+      they thought it more meete for y<sup>e</sup> plantation to bear them, then
+      them selves, who had borne much in other things allready, and so tooke
+      advantage of such comission &amp; power as M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had
+      formerly had as their agente, to devolve these things upon them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      4<sup>ly</sup>. With pitie and compassion (touching M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton) I may say with y<sup>e</sup> apostle to Timothy, 1. Tim. 6. 9.
+      <i>They that will be rich fall into many temtations and snares, &amp;c.,
+      and pearce them selves throw with many sorrows, &amp;c.; for the love of
+      money is y<sup>e</sup> roote of all evill</i>, v. 10. God give him to see
+      y<sup>e</sup> evill in his failings, that he may find mercie by repentance
+      for y<sup>e</sup> wrongs he hath done to any, and this pore plantation in
+      spetiall. They that doe such things doe not only bring them selves into
+      snares, and sorrows, but many with them, (though in an other kind,) as
+      lamentable experience shows; and is too manifest in this bussines.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [186] Now about these ships &amp; their setting forth, the truth, as farr
+      as could be learned, is this. The motion aboute setting forth y<sup>e</sup>
+      fishing ship (caled y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_342"
+      id="Page_342">[342]</a></span>Frindship) came first from y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation, and y<sup>e</sup> reasons of it, as is before remembered; but
+      wholy left to them selves to doe or not to doe, as they saw cause. But
+      when it fell into consideration, and y<sup>e</sup> designe was held to be
+      profitable and hopefull, it was propounded by some of them, why might not
+      they doe it of them selves, seeing they must disburse all y<sup>e</sup>
+      money, and what need they have any refferance to y<sup>e</sup> plantation
+      in y<sup>t</sup>; they might take y<sup>e</sup> profile them selves,
+      towards other losses, &amp; need not let y<sup>e</sup> plantation share
+      therin; and if their ends were other wise answered for their supplyes to
+      come too them in time, it would be well enough. So they hired her, &amp;
+      set her out, and fraighted her as full as she could carry with passengers
+      goods y<sup>t</sup> belonged to y<sup>e</sup> Massachussets, which rise to
+      a good sume of money; intending to send y<sup>e</sup> plantations supply
+      in y<sup>e</sup> other ship. The effecte of this M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley
+      not only declared afterward upon occasion, but affirmed upon othe, taken
+      before y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> &amp; Dep: Gov<sup>r</sup> of the
+      Massachusets, M<sup>r</sup>. Winthrop &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Dudley: That
+      this ship-Frindship was not sett out nor intended for y<sup>e</sup> joynt
+      partnership of y<sup>e</sup> plantation, but for y<sup>e</sup> perticuler
+      accounte of M<sup>r</sup>. James Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachampe, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Andrews, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, &amp; him selfe. This deposition was
+      taken at Boston y<sup>e</sup> 29. of Aug: 1639. as is to be seen under
+      their hands; besids some other concurente testimonies declared at severall
+      times to sundrie of them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      About y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell, though she was first bought, or at least
+      the price beaten, by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton (at Bristoll), yet that had
+      been nothing if M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley had not liked it, and disbursed y<sup>e</sup>
+      money. And that she was not intended for y<sup>e</sup> plantation appears
+      by sundrie evidences;<a name="FNanchor_CZ_104" id="FNanchor_CZ_104"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_CZ_104" class="fnanchor">[CZ]</a> as, first, y<sup>e</sup>
+      bills of sale, or charter-parties, were taken in their owne names, without
+      any mention or refferance to y<sup>e</sup> plantation at all; viz. M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachampe, M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Denison, and M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton; for M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley fell
+      off, and would not joyne with them in this. That she was not bought for
+      their accounte, M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley tooke his oath before y<sup>e</sup>
+      parties afforesaid, y<sup>e</sup> day and year above writen.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton tooke his oath to like effecte concerning this
+      ship, the Whit-Angell, before y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> &amp; Deputie,
+      the 7. of Sep: 1639. and likewise deposed, y<sup>e</sup> same time, that M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Hatherley and him selfe did, in the behalfe of them selves and y<sup>e</sup>
+      said M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Beachamp, agree and undertake to discharge, and save harmless, all y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest of y<sup>e</sup> partners &amp; purchasers, of and from y<sup>e</sup>
+      said losses of Freindship for 200<sup>li</sup>., which was to be
+      discounted therupon; as by ther depossitions (which are in writing) may
+      appeare more at large, and some other depositions &amp; other <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a></span>testemonies
+      by M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow,<a name="FNanchor_DA_105" id="FNanchor_DA_105"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_DA_105" class="fnanchor">[DA]</a> &amp;c. But I suppose
+      these may be sufficente to evince the truth in these things, against all
+      pretences to y<sup>e</sup> contrary. And yet the burthen lay still upon y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation; or, to speake more truly and rightly, upon those few that were
+      ingaged for all, for they were faine to wade through these things without
+      any help from any.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [187] Concerning M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's accounts, they were so larg and
+      intrecate, as they could not well understand them, much less examine &amp;
+      correcte them, without a great deale of time &amp; help, and his owne
+      presence, which was now hard to gett amongst them; and it was 2. or 3.
+      years before they could bring them to any good pass, but never make them
+      perfecte. I know not how it came to pass, or what misterie was in it, for
+      he tooke upon him to make up all accounts till this time, though M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherley was their agente to buy &amp; sell their goods, and did more then
+      he therin; yet he past in accounts in a maner for all disbursments, both
+      concerning goods bought, which he never saw, <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span>but were done when he was
+      hear in y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie or at sea; and all y<sup>e</sup> expences of
+      y<sup>e</sup> Leyden people, done by others in his absence; the charges
+      aboute y<sup>e</sup> patente, &amp;c. In all which he made them debtore to
+      him above 300<sup>li</sup>. and demanded paimente of it. But when things
+      came to scaning, he was found above 2000<sup>li</sup>. debtore to them,
+      (this wherin M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley &amp; he being joyntly ingaged,
+      which he only had, being included,) besids I know not how much y<sup>t</sup>
+      could never be cleared; and interest moneys which ate them up, which he
+      never accounted. Also they were faine to alow such large bills of charges
+      as were intolerable; the charges of y<sup>e</sup> patent came to above 500<sup>li</sup>.
+      and yet nothing done in it but what was done at first without any
+      confirmation; 30<sup>li</sup>. given at a clape, and 50<sup>li</sup>.
+      spent in a journey. No marvell therfore if M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley said in
+      his leter, if their bussines had been better managed, they might have been
+      y<sup>e</sup> richest plantation of any English at y<sup>t</sup> time.
+      Yea, he scrued up his poore old father in law's accounte to above 200<sup>li</sup>.
+      and brought it on y<sup>e</sup> generall accounte, and to befreind him
+      made most of it to arise out of those goods taken up by him at Bristoll,
+      at 50. per cent., because he knew they would never let it lye on y<sup>e</sup>
+      old man, when, alass! he, poore man, never dreamte of any such thing, nor
+      y<sup>t</sup> what he had could arise nere y<sup>t</sup> valew; but
+      thought that many of them had been freely bestowed on him &amp; his
+      children by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton. Nither in truth did they come nere y<sup>t</sup>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span>valew
+      in worth, but y<sup>t</sup> sume was blowne up by interest &amp; high
+      prises, which y<sup>e</sup> company did for y<sup>e</sup> most parte bear,
+      (he deserving farr more,) being most sory that he should have a name to
+      have much, when he had in effecte litle.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year also M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley sent over an accounte, which was in
+      a maner but a cash accounte what M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had had of them,
+      and disbursed, for which he referd to his accounts; besids an account of
+      beaver sould, which M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow &amp; some others had carried
+      over, and a large supply of goods which M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow had sent
+      &amp; brought over, all which was comprised in that accounte, and all y<sup>e</sup>
+      disbursments aboute y<sup>e</sup> Freindship, &amp; Whit-Angell, and what
+      concerned their accounts from first to last; or any thing else he could
+      charg y<sup>e</sup> partners with. So they were made debtor in y<sup>e</sup>
+      foote of that accounte 4770<sup>li</sup> 19. 2.<a name="FNanchor_DB_106"
+      id="FNanchor_DB_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_DB_106" class="fnanchor">[DB]</a>
+      besids 1000<sup>li</sup>. still due for y<sup>e</sup> purchase yet
+      unpayed; notwithstanding all y<sup>e</sup> beaver, and returnes that both
+      Ashley &amp; they had made, which were not small.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [188] In these accounts of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's some things were
+      obscure, and some things twise charged, as a 100. <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span>of Bastable ruggs which came
+      in y<sup>e</sup> Freindship, &amp; cost 75<sup>li</sup>., charged before
+      by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, and now by him againe, with other perticulers
+      of like nature doubtfull, to be twise or thrise charged; as also a sume of
+      600<sup>li</sup>. which M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton deneyed, and they could
+      never understand for what it was. They sent a note of these &amp; such
+      like things afterward to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley by M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow;
+      but (I know not how it came to pass) could never have them explained.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Into these deepe sumes had M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton rune them in tow years,
+      for in y<sup>e</sup> later end of y<sup>e</sup> year 1628. all their debts
+      did not amounte to much above 400<sup>li</sup>., as was then noted; and
+      now come to so many thousands. And wheras in y<sup>e</sup> year 1629. M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherley &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley being at Bristoll, and write a
+      large letter from thence, in which they had given an account of y<sup>e</sup>
+      debts, and what sumes were then disbursed, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton never
+      left begging &amp; intreating of them till they had put it out. So they
+      bloted out 2. lines in y<sup>t</sup> leter in which y<sup>e</sup> sumes
+      were contained, and write upon it so as not a word could be perceived; as
+      since by them was confessed, and by y<sup>e</sup> leters may be seene. And
+      thus were they kept hoodwinckte, till now they were so deeply ingaged. And
+      wheras M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley did so ernestly press y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton might be sent over to finish y<sup>e</sup> great bussines aboute
+      y<sup>e</sup> patente, as may be seen in his leter write 1629. as is
+      before recorded, and y<sup>t</sup> they should be ernest w<sup>th</sup>
+      his wife to suffer him <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_348"
+      id="Page_348">[348]</a></span>to goe, &amp;c., he hath since confessed by
+      a letter under my hands, that it was M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's owne
+      doings, and not his, and he made him write his words, &amp; not his owne.
+      The patent was but a pretence, and not y<sup>e</sup> thing. Thus were they
+      abused in their simplicitie, and no beter then bought &amp; sould, as it
+      may seeme.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And to mend y<sup>e</sup> matter, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton doth in a sorte
+      wholy now deserte them; having brought them into y<sup>e</sup> briers, he
+      leaves them to gett out as they can. But God crost him mightily, for he
+      having hired y<sup>e</sup> ship of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherly at 30<sup>li</sup>.,
+      a month, he set forth againe with a most wicked and drunken crue, and for
+      covetousnes sake did so over lade her, not only filling her hould, but so
+      stufed her betweene decks, as she was walte, and could not bear sayle, and
+      they had like to have been cast away at sea, and were forced to put for
+      Millford Havene, and new-stow her, &amp; put some of ther ordnance &amp;
+      more heavie goods in y<sup>e</sup> botome; which lost them time, and made
+      them come late into y<sup>e</sup> countrie, lose ther season, and made a
+      worse viage then y<sup>e</sup> year before. But being come into y<sup>e</sup>
+      countrie, he sells trading comodities to any y<sup>t</sup> will buy, to y<sup>e</sup>
+      great prejudice of y<sup>e</sup> plantation here; but that which is worse,
+      what he could not sell, he trustes; and sets up a company of base felows
+      and maks them traders, to rune into every hole, &amp; into y<sup>e</sup>
+      river of Kenebeck, to gleane away y<sup>e</sup> trade from y<sup>e</sup>
+      house ther, aboute y<sup>e</sup> patente &amp; priviledge wherof he had
+      dasht away so <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span>much
+      money of theirs here; [189] and now what in him lay went aboute to take
+      away y<sup>e</sup> benefite therof, and to overthrow them. Yea, not only
+      this, but he furnishes a company, and joyns with some consorts, (being now
+      deprived of Ashley at Penobscote,) and sets up a trading house beyoned
+      Penobscote, to cute of y<sup>e</sup> trade from thence also. But y<sup>e</sup>
+      French perceiving that that would be greatly to their damage allso, they
+      came in their begining before they were well setled, and displanted them,
+      slue 2. of their men, and tooke all their goods to a good valew, y<sup>e</sup>
+      loss being most, if not all, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's; for though some of
+      them should have been his partners, yet he trusted them for their partes;
+      the rest of y<sup>e</sup> men were sent into France, and this was the end
+      of y<sup>t</sup> projecte. The rest of those he trusted, being lose and
+      drunken fellows, did for y<sup>e</sup> most parte but coussen &amp; cheate
+      him of all they got into their hands; that howsoever he did his friends
+      some hurte hereby for y<sup>e</sup> presente, yet he gate litle good, but
+      wente by y<sup>e</sup> loss by Gods just hand. After in time, when he came
+      to Plim&#773;oth, y<sup>e</sup> church caled him to accounte for these,
+      and other his grosse miscarrages; he confessed his faulte, and promised
+      better walking, and that he would wind him selfe out of these courses as
+      soone as he could, &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year also Mr. Sherley would needs send them over a new-acountante; he
+      had made mention of such a thing y<sup>e</sup> year before, but they write
+      him word, that <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span>their
+      charge was great allready, and they neede not increase it, as this would;
+      but if they were well delte with, and had their goods well sent over, they
+      could keep their accounts hear them selves. Yet he now sente one, which
+      they did not refuse, being a yonger brother of M<sup>r</sup>. Winslows,
+      whom they had been at charge to instructe at London before he came. He
+      came over in the White Angell with M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, and ther
+      begane his first imploymente; for though M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley had so
+      farr befreinded Mr. Allerton, as to cause<a name="FNanchor_DC_107"
+      id="FNanchor_DC_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_DC_107" class="fnanchor">[DC]</a>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow to ship y<sup>e</sup> supply sente to y<sup>e</sup>
+      partners here in this ship, and give him 4<sup>li</sup>. p&#818;er tune,
+      wheras others carried for 3. and he made them pay their fraight ready
+      downe, before y<sup>e</sup> ship wente out of y<sup>e</sup> harbore,
+      wheras others payed upon certificate of y<sup>e</sup> goods being
+      delivered, and their fraight came to upward of 6. score pounds, yet they
+      had much adoe to have their goods delivered, for some of them were
+      chainged, as bread &amp; pease; they were forced to take worse for better,
+      neither could they ever gett all. And if Josias Winslow had not been ther,
+      it had been worse; for he had y<sup>e</sup> invoyce, and order to send
+      them to y<sup>e</sup> trading houses.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year their house at Penobscott was robed by y<sup>e</sup> French, and
+      all their goods of any worth they carried away, to y<sup>e</sup> value of
+      400. or 500<sup>li</sup>. as y<sup>e</sup> cost first peny worth; in
+      beaver 300<sup>li</sup>. waight; and y<sup>e</sup> rest in trading <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span>goods, as
+      coats, ruggs, blankett, biskett, &amp;c. It was in this maner. The m<sup>r</sup>.
+      of y<sup>e</sup> house, and parte of y<sup>e</sup> company with him, were
+      come with their vessell to y<sup>e</sup> westward to fecth a supply of
+      goods which was brought over for them. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time comes a
+      smale French ship into y<sup>e</sup> harbore (and amongst y<sup>e</sup>
+      company was a false Scott); they pretended they were nuly come from y<sup>e</sup>
+      sea, and knew not wher they were, and that their vesell was very leake,
+      and desired they might hale her a shore and stop their leaks. And many
+      French complements they used, and congees they made; and in y<sup>e</sup>
+      ende, seeing but 3. or 4. simple men, y<sup>t</sup> were servants, and by
+      this Scoth-man understanding that y<sup>e</sup> maister &amp; ye rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+      company were gone from home, they fell of comending their gunes and
+      muskets, that lay upon racks by y<sup>e</sup> wall side, and tooke them
+      downe to looke on them, asking if they were charged. And when they were
+      possesst of them, one presents a peece ready charged against y<sup>e</sup>
+      servants, and another a pistoll; and bid them not sturr, but quietly
+      deliver them their goods, and carries some of y<sup>e</sup> men aborde,
+      &amp; made y<sup>e</sup> other help to carry away y<sup>e</sup> goods. And
+      when they had tooke what they pleased, they sett them at liberty, and
+      wente their way, with this mocke, biding them tell their m<sup>r</sup>.
+      when he came, that some of y<sup>e</sup> Ile of Rey gentlemen had been
+      ther.<a name="FNanchor_DD_108" id="FNanchor_DD_108"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_DD_108" class="fnanchor">[DD]</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="FNanchor_DE_109" id="FNanchor_DE_109"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_DE_109" class="fnanchor">[DE]</a> <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a></span>This year, on S<sup>r</sup>
+      Christopher Gardener, being, as him selfe said, descended of y<sup>t</sup>
+      house y<sup>t</sup> the Bishop of Winchester came of (who was so great a
+      persecutor of Gods saincts in Queene Maries days), and being a great
+      traveler, received his first honour of knighthood at Jerusalem, being made
+      Knight of y<sup>e</sup> Sepulcher ther. He came into these parts under
+      pretence of forsaking y<sup>e</sup> world, and to live a private life, in
+      a godly course, not unwilling to put him selfe upon any meane imployments,
+      and take any paines for his living; and some time offered him selfe to
+      joyne to y<sup>e</sup> churchs in sundry places. He brought over with him
+      a servante or 2. and a comly yonge woman, whom be caled his cousin, but it
+      was suspected, she (after y<sup>e</sup> Italian maner) was his concubine.
+      Living at y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, for some miscariages which he should
+      have answered, he fled away from authority, and gott amonge y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans of these parts; they sent after him, but could not gett him, and
+      promissed some reward to those y<sup>t</sup> should find him. The Indeans
+      came to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> here, and tould wher he was, and
+      asked if they might kill him; he tould them no, by no means, but if they
+      could take him and bring him hither, they should be payed for their
+      paines. They said he had a gune &amp; a rapier, &amp; he would kill them
+      if y<sup>ey</sup> went aboute it; and y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></span>Massachuset Indeans said
+      they might kille him. But y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> tould them no,
+      they should not kill him, but watch their opportunitie, &amp; take him.
+      And so they did, for when they light of him by a river side, he got into a
+      canowe to get from them, &amp; when they came nere him, whilst he
+      presented his peece at them to keep them of, the streame carried y<sup>e</sup>
+      canow against a rock, and tumbled both him &amp; his peece &amp; rapier
+      into y<sup>e</sup> water; yet he got out, and having a litle dagger by his
+      side, they durst not close with him, but getting longe pols they soone
+      beat his dagger out of his hand, so he was glad to yeeld; and they brought
+      him to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>. But his hands and armes were swolen
+      &amp; very sore with y<sup>e</sup> blowes they had given him. So he used
+      him kindly, &amp; sent him to a lodging wher his armes were bathed and
+      anoynted, and he was quickly well againe, and blamed y<sup>e</sup> Indeans
+      for beating him so much. They said that they did but a litle whip him with
+      sticks. In his lodging, those y<sup>t</sup> made his bed found a litle
+      note booke that by accidente had slipt out of his pockett, or some private
+      place, in which was a memoriall what day he was reconciled to y<sup>e</sup>
+      pope &amp; church of Rome, and in what universitie he tooke his scapula,
+      and such &amp; such degrees. It being brought to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>,
+      he kept it, and sent y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusets word of his taking, who sent for him. So y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      sent him and these notes to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> ther, who tooke
+      it very thankfuly; but after he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_354"
+      id="Page_354">[354]</a></span>gott for England, he shewed his malice, but
+      God prevented him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      See y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> leter on y<sup>e</sup> other side.<a
+      name="FNanchor_DF_110" id="FNanchor_DF_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_DF_110"
+      class="fnanchor">[DF]</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: It hath pleased God to bring S<sup>r</sup>. Christopher
+        Gardener safe to us, with thos that came with him. And howsoever I never
+        intended any hard measure to him, but to respecte and use him according
+        to his qualitie, yet I let him know your care of him, and y<sup>t</sup>
+        he shall speed y<sup>e</sup> better for your mediation. It was a
+        spetiall providence of God to bring those notes of his to our hands; I
+        desire y<sup>t</sup> you will please to speake to all y<sup>t</sup> are
+        privie to them, not to discovere them to any one, for y<sup>t</sup> may
+        frustrate y<sup>e</sup> means of any further use to be made of them. The
+        good Lord our God who hath allways ordered things for y<sup>e</sup> good
+        of his poore churches here, directe us in this arighte, and dispose it
+        to a good issue. I am sorie we put you to so much trouble about this
+        gentleman, espetialy at this time of great imploymente, but I know not
+        how to avoyed it. I must againe intreate you, to let me know what charge
+        &amp; troble any of your people have been at aboute him, y<sup>t</sup>
+        it may be recompenced. So with the true affection of a frind, desiring
+        all happines to your selfe &amp; yours, and to all my worthy friends
+        with you (whom I love in y<sup>e</sup> Lord), I comende you to his grace
+        &amp; good providence, &amp; rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your most assured friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">John Winthrop.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Boston, May 5. 1631.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      By occation wherof I will take a litle libertie to declare what fell out
+      by this mans means &amp; malice, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_355"
+      id="Page_355">[355]</a></span>complying with others. And though I doubt
+      not but it will be more fully done by my honourd friends, whom it did more
+      directly concerne, and have more perticuler knowledg of y<sup>e</sup>
+      matter, yet I will here give a hinte of y<sup>e</sup> same, and Gods
+      providence in preventing y<sup>e</sup> hurte that might have come by y<sup>e</sup>
+      same. The intelligence I had by a letter from my much hon<sup>d</sup> and
+      beloved friend, Mr. John Winthrop, Gov<sup>r</sup> of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusets.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: Upon a petition exhibited by S<sup>r</sup>. Christo:
+        Gardner, S<sup>r</sup>. Ferd: Gorges, Captaine Masson, &amp;c., against
+        you and us, the cause was heard before y<sup>e</sup> lords of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Privie Counsell, and after reported to y<sup>e</sup> king, the sucsess
+        wherof maks it evident to all, that y<sup>e</sup> Lord hath care of his
+        people hear. The passages are admirable, and too long to write. I
+        hartily wish an opportunitie to imparte them unto you, being m&#257;y
+        sheets of paper. But y<sup>e</sup> conclusion was (against all mens
+        expectation) an order for our incouragmente, and much blame and disgrace
+        upon y<sup>e</sup> adversaries, w<sup>ch</sup> calls for much
+        thankfullnes from us all, which we purpose (y<sup>e</sup> Lord willing)
+        to express in a day of thanks-giving to our mercifull God, (I doubt not
+        but you will consider, if it be not fitt for you to joyne in it,) who,
+        as he hath humbled us by his late correction, so he hath lifted us up,
+        by an abundante rejoysing, in our deliverance out of so desperate a
+        danger; so as that w<sup>ch</sup> our enemies builte their hopes upon to
+        ruine us by, He hath mercifully disposed to our great advantage, as I
+        shall further aquainte you, when occasion shall serve.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The coppy of y<sup>e</sup> order follows.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span>
+      </p>
+      <p class="center">
+        At y<sup>e</sup> courte at Whit-hall y<sup>e</sup> 19. Jan: 1632.
+      </p>
+      <p style="margin-left:4em;">
+        Present<br /> <br /> <i>Sigillum</i> Lord Privie Seale<br /> Ea: of Dorsett<br />
+        Lo: Vi: Falkland<br /> Lo: Bp: of London<br /> Lord Cottinton<br /> M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Tre<sup>r</sup><br /> M<sup>r</sup>. Vic Chamb<sup>r</sup><br /> M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Sec: Cooke<br /> Maister Sec: Windebanck<br />
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Wheras his Ma<sup>tie</sup> hath latly been informed of great
+        distraction and much disorder in y<sup>t</sup> plantation in y<sup>e</sup>
+        parts of America called New-England, which, if they be true, &amp;
+        suffered to rune on, would tende to y<sup>e</sup> great dishonour of
+        this kingdome, and utter ruine of that plantation. For prevention
+        wherof, and for y<sup>e</sup> orderly settling of goverment, according
+        to y<sup>e</sup> intention of those patents which have been granted by
+        his Ma<sup>tie</sup> and from his late royall father king James, it hath
+        pleased his Ma<sup>tie</sup> that y<sup>e</sup> lords &amp; others of
+        his most honourable Privie Counsell, should take y<sup>e</sup> same into
+        consideration. Their lordships in y<sup>e</sup> first place thought fitt
+        to make a comitie of this bord, to take examination of y<sup>e</sup>
+        matters informed; which comitties having called diverse of y<sup>e</sup>
+        principall adventurers in y<sup>t</sup> plantation, and heard those that
+        are complanants against them, most of the things informed being deneyed,
+        and resting to be proved by parties that must be called from y<sup>t</sup>
+        place, which required a long expence of time; and at presente their
+        lordships finding the adventurers were upon dispatch of men, victles,
+        and marchandice for y<sup>t</sup> place, all which would be at a stand,
+        if y<sup>e</sup> adventurers should have discouragmente, or take
+        suspition that the state hear had no good opinion of y<sup>t</sup>
+        plantation; their lordships, not laying the faulte or fancies (if any
+        be) of some perticuler men upon the generall govermente, or principall
+        adventurers, (which in due time is further to be <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a></span>inquired into,) have
+        thought fitt in y<sup>e</sup> meane time to declare, that the
+        appearences were so faire, and hopes so greate, y<sup>t</sup> the
+        countrie would prove both beneficiall to this kingdom, and profitable to
+        the perticuler adventurers, as y<sup>t</sup> the adventurers had cause
+        to goe on cherfully with their undertakings, and rest assured, if things
+        were carried as was pretended when y<sup>e</sup> patents were granted,
+        and accordingly as by the patentes it is appointed, his Majestie would
+        not only maintaine the liberties &amp; privileges heretofore granted,
+        but supply any thing further that might tend to the good govermente,
+        prosperitie, and comforte of his people ther of that place, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">William Trumball.</span>
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1632" id="a1632"></a><i>Anno Dom</i>: 1632.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, returning for England, litle regarded his bound
+      of a 1000<sup>li</sup>. to performe covenants; for wheras he was bound by
+      y<sup>e</sup> same to bring y<sup>e</sup> ship to [190] London, and to pay
+      30<sup>li</sup>. per month for her hire, he did neither of boath, for he
+      carried her to Bristoll againe, from whence he intended to sett her out
+      againe, and so did y<sup>e</sup> 3. time, into these parts (as after will
+      appear); and though she had been 10. months upon y<sup>e</sup> former
+      viage, at 30<sup>li</sup>. p&#818;<sup>r</sup> month, yet he never payed
+      peney for hire. It should seeme he knew well enough how to deale with M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherley. And M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, though he would needs tye her &amp;
+      her accounte upon y<sup>e</sup> generall, yet he would dispose of her as
+      him selfe pleased; for though M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow had in their names
+      protested against y<sup>e</sup> receiving her on y<sup>t</sup> accounte,
+      or if <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></span>ever
+      they should hope to preveile in shuch a thing, yet never to suffer M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton to have any more to doe in her, yet he y<sup>e</sup> last year
+      let her wholy unto him, and injoyned them to send all their supplye in her
+      to their prejudice, as is before noted. And now, though he broke his
+      bonds, kepte no covenante, paid no hire, nor was ever like to keep
+      covenants, yet now he goes and sells him all, both ship, &amp; all her
+      accounts, from first to last (and in effecte he might as well have given
+      him y<sup>e</sup> same); and not only this, but he doth as good as provide
+      a sanctuary for him, for he gives him one years time to prepare his
+      accounte, and then to give up y<sup>e</sup> same to them here; and then
+      another year for him to make paymente of what should be due upon y<sup>t</sup>
+      accounte. And in y<sup>e</sup> mean time writs ernestly to them not to
+      interupte or hinder him from his bussines, or stay him aboute clearing
+      accounts, &amp;c.; so as he in y<sup>e</sup> mean time gathers up all
+      monies due for fraighte, and any other debtes belonging either to her, or
+      y<sup>e</sup> Frindship's accounts, as his owne perticuler; and after,
+      sells ship, &amp; ordnans, fish, &amp; what he had raised, in Spaine,
+      according to y<sup>e</sup> first designe, in effecte; and who had, or what
+      became of y<sup>e</sup> money, he best knows. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time
+      their hands were bound, and could doe nothing but looke on, till he had
+      made all away into other mens hands (save a few catle &amp; a litle land
+      &amp; some small maters he had here at Plimoth), and so in y<sup>e</sup>
+      end removed, as he had allready his person, so all <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></span>his from hence. This will
+      better appere by M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's leter.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: These few lines are further to give you to understand,
+        that seeing you &amp; we, that never differed yet but aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+        White-Angell, which somewhat troubleth us, as I perceive it doth you.
+        And now M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton beeing here, we have had some
+        confferance with him about her, and find him very willing to give you
+        &amp; us all contente y<sup>t</sup> possiblie he can, though he burthen
+        him selfe. He is contente to take y<sup>e</sup> White-Angell wholy on
+        him selfe, notwithstanding he mett with pirates nere y<sup>e</sup> coast
+        of Ierland, which tooke away his best sayles &amp; other provissions
+        from her; so as verily if we should now sell her, she would yeeld but a
+        small price, besids her ordnance. And to set her forth againe with fresh
+        money we would not, she being now at Bristoll. Wherfore we thought it
+        best, both for you &amp; us, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton being willing to
+        take her, to accepte of his bond of tow thousand pounds, to give [191]
+        you a true &amp; perfecte accounte, and take y<sup>e</sup> whole charge
+        of y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell wholy to him selfe, from y<sup>e</sup>
+        first to y<sup>e</sup> last. The accounte he is to make and perfecte
+        within 12. months from y<sup>e</sup> date of this letter, and then to
+        pay you at 6. and 6. months after, what soever shall be due unto you and
+        us upon the foote of y<sup>t</sup> accounte. And verily, notwithstanding
+        all y<sup>e</sup> disasters he hath had, I am perswaded he hath enough
+        to pay all men here and ther. Only they must have patience till he can
+        gather in what is due to him ther. I doe not write this slightly, but
+        upon some ground of what I have seen (and perhaps you know not of) under
+        y<sup>e</sup> hands &amp; seals of some, &amp;c. I rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your assured friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Des: 6. 1632.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But heres not a word of y<sup>e</sup> breach of former bonds &amp;
+      covenants, or paimente of y<sup>e</sup> ships hire; this is passt by as if
+      no such thing had been; besids what bonds or obligments so ever they had
+      of him, ther never came any into y<sup>e</sup> hands or sight of y<sup>e</sup>
+      partners here. And for this y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley seems to
+      intimate (as a secrete) of his abilitie, under y<sup>e</sup> hands &amp;
+      seals of some, it was but a trick, having gathered up an accounte of what
+      was owing form such base fellows as he had made traders for him, and other
+      debts; and then got M<sup>r</sup>. Mahue, &amp; some others, to affirme
+      under their hand &amp; seale, that they had seen shuch accounts y<sup>t</sup>
+      were due to him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Mr. Hatherley came over againe this year, but upon his owne occasions, and
+      begane to make preparation to plant &amp; dwell in y<sup>e</sup> countrie.
+      He with his former dealings had wound in what money he had in y<sup>e</sup>
+      patnership into his owne hands, and so gave off all partnership (excepte
+      in name), as was found in y<sup>e</sup> issue of things; neither did he
+      medle, or take any care aboute y<sup>e</sup> same; only he was troubled
+      about his ingagmente aboute y<sup>e</sup> Friendship, as will after
+      appeare. And now partly aboute y<sup>t</sup> accounte, in some reconings
+      betweene M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton and him, and some debts y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton otherwise owed him upon dealing between them in perticuler, he
+      drue up an accounte of above 2000<sup>li</sup>., and would faine have
+      ingaged y<sup>e</sup> partners here with it, because M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton had been their agent. But they <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a></span>tould him they had been
+      fool'd longe enough with such things, and shewed him y<sup>t</sup> it no
+      way belonged to them; but tould him he must looke to make good his
+      ingagment for y<sup>e</sup> Freindship, which caused some trouble betweene
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton and him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. William Peirce did y<sup>e</sup> like, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton being wound into his debte also upon particuler dealings; as if
+      they had been bound to make good all mens debts. But they easily shooke
+      off these things. But M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton herby rane into much trouble
+      &amp; vexation, as well as he had troubled others, for M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Denison sued him for y<sup>e</sup> money he had disbursed for y<sup>e</sup>
+      6. part of y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell, &amp; recovered y<sup>e</sup> same
+      with damages.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Though y<sup>e</sup> partners were thus pl&#363;ged into great ingagments,
+      &amp; oppresed with unjust debts, yet y<sup>e</sup> Lord prospered their
+      trading, that they made yearly large returnes, and had soone wound them
+      selves out of all, if yet they had otherwise been well delt with all; as
+      will more appear here after. [192] Also y<sup>e</sup> people of y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation begane to grow in their owtward estats, by reason<a
+      name="FNanchor_DG_111" id="FNanchor_DG_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_DG_111"
+      class="fnanchor">[DG]</a> of y<sup>e</sup> flowing of many people into y<sup>e</sup>
+      cuntrie, espetially into y<sup>e</sup> Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets;
+      by which means corne &amp; catle rose to a great prise, by w<sup>ch</sup>
+      many were much inriched, and com&#773;odities grue plentifull; and yet in
+      other regards this benefite turned to their hurte, and this accession of
+      strength to their weaknes. For now as their stocks increased, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a></span>increse
+      vendible, ther was no longer any holding them togeather, but now they must
+      of necessitie goe to their great lots; they could not other wise keep
+      their katle; and having oxen growne, they must have land for plowing &amp;
+      tillage. And no man now thought he could live, except he had catle and a
+      great deale of ground to keep them; all striving to increase their stocks.
+      By which means they were scatered all over y<sup>e</sup> bay, quickly, and
+      y<sup>e</sup> towne, in which they lived compactly till now, was left very
+      thine, and in a short time allmost desolate. And if this had been all, it
+      had been less, thoug to much; but y<sup>e</sup> church must also be
+      devided, and those y<sup>t</sup> had lived so long togeather in Christian
+      &amp; comfortable fellowship must now part and suffer many divissions.
+      First, those that lived on their lots on y<sup>e</sup> other side of the
+      bay (called Duxberie) they could not long bring their wives &amp; children
+      to y<sup>e</sup> publick worship &amp; church meetings here, but with such
+      burthen, as, growing to some competente number, they sued to be dismissed
+      and become a body of them selves; and so they were dismiste (about this
+      time), though very unwillingly. But to touch this sadd matter, and handle
+      things together that fell out afterward. To prevent any further scatering
+      from this place, and weakning of y<sup>e</sup> same, it was thought best
+      to give out some good farms to spetiall persons, y<sup>t</sup> would
+      promise to live at Plimoth, and lickly to be helpfull to y<sup>e</sup>
+      church or comonewelth, and so tye y<sup>e</sup> lands to <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a></span>Plimoth
+      as farmes for the same; and ther they might keepe their catle &amp;
+      tillage by some servants, and retaine their dwellings here. And so some
+      spetiall lands were granted at a place generall, called Greens Harbor,
+      wher no allotments had been in y<sup>e</sup> former divission, a plase
+      very weell meadowed, and fitt to keep &amp; rear catle, good store. But
+      alass! this remedy proved worse then y<sup>e</sup> disease; for w<sup>th</sup>in
+      a few years those that had thus gott footing ther rente them selves away,
+      partly by force, and partly wearing y<sup>e</sup> rest with importunitie
+      and pleas of necessitie, so as they must either suffer them to goe, or
+      live in continuall opposition and contention. And others still, as y<sup>ey</sup>
+      conceived them selves straitened, or to want accom&#773;odation, break
+      away under one pretence or other, thinking their owne conceived
+      necessitie, and the example of others, a warrente sufficente for them. And
+      this, I fear, will be y<sup>e</sup> ruine of New-England, at least of y<sup>e</sup>
+      churches of God ther, &amp; will provock y<sup>e</sup> Lords displeasure
+      against them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [193] This year, M<sup>r</sup>. William Perce came into y<sup>e</sup>
+      cuntry, &amp; brought goods and passengers, in a ship caled y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lyon, which belonged cheefly to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest of y<sup>e</sup> London partners, but these hear had nothing to doe
+      with her. In this ship (besides beaver which they had sent home before)
+      they sent upwards of 800<sup>li</sup>. in her, and some otter skines; and
+      also y<sup>e</sup> coppies of M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons accounts, desiring
+      that they would also peruse &amp; examene them, and rectifie shuch <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a></span>things as
+      they should find amise in them; and rather because they were better
+      acquaynted with y<sup>e</sup> goods bought ther, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      disbursments made, then they could bee here; yea, a great part were done
+      by them selves, though M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton brougt in y<sup>e</sup>
+      accounte, and sundry things seemed to them obscure and had need of
+      clearing. Also they sente a booke of exceptions against his accounts, in
+      such things as they could manifest, and doubted not but they might adde
+      more therunto. And also shewed them how much M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton was
+      debtor to y<sup>e</sup> accounte; and desired, seeing they had now put y<sup>e</sup>
+      ship White-Angell, and all, wholy into his power, and tyed their hands
+      here, that they could not call him to accounte for any thinge, till y<sup>e</sup>
+      time was expired which they had given him, and by that time other men
+      would get their debts of him, (as sume had done already by suing him,) and
+      he would make all away here quickly out of their reach; and therfore
+      prayed them to looke to things, and gett paymente of him ther, as it was
+      all y<sup>e</sup> reason they should, seeing they keept all y<sup>e</sup>
+      bonds &amp; covenants they made with him in their owne hands; and here
+      they could doe nothing by y<sup>e</sup> course they had taken, nor had any
+      thing to show if they should goe aboute it. But it pleased God, this ship,
+      being first to goe to Verginia before she wente home, was cast away on y<sup>t</sup>
+      coast, not farr from Virginia, and their beaver was all lost (which was y<sup>e</sup>
+      first loss they sustained in that <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_365"
+      id="Page_365">[365]</a></span>kind); but M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      men saved their lives, and also their leters, and gott into Virginia, and
+      so safly home. Y<sup>e</sup> accounts were now sent from hence againe to
+      them. And thus much of y<sup>e</sup> passages of this year.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <i>A part of M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce his leter<a name="FNanchor_DH_112"
+      id="FNanchor_DH_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_DH_112" class="fnanchor">[DH]</a>
+      from Virginia.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was dated in Des: 25. 1632. and came to their hand y<sup>e</sup> 7. of
+      Aprill, before they heard any thing from England.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Dear freinds, &amp;c. Y<sup>e</sup> bruit of this fatall stroke that y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord hath brought both on me and you all will come to your ears before
+        this com&#773;eth to your hands, (it is like,) and therfore I shall not
+        need to inlarg in perticulers, &amp;c. My whole estate (for y<sup>e</sup>
+        most parte) is taken away; and so yours, in a great measure, by this and
+        your former losses [he means by y<sup>e</sup> French &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allerton]. It is time to looke aboute us, before y<sup>e</sup> wrath of
+        y<sup>e</sup> Lord breake forth to utter destruction. The good Lord give
+        us all grace to search our harts and trie our ways, and turne unto y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord, and humble our selves under his mightie hand, and seeke
+        atonemente, &amp;c. Dear freinds, you may know y<sup>t</sup> all your
+        beaver, and y<sup>e</sup> books of your accounts, are swallowed up in y<sup>e</sup>
+        sea; your letters remaine with me, and shall be delivered, if God bring
+        me home. But what should I more say? Have we lost our outward estates?
+        yet a hapy loss if our soules may gaine; ther is yet more in y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord Jehova than ever we had yet in y<sup>e</sup> world. Oh that our
+        foolish harts could yet be wained from y<sup>e</sup> things here below,
+        which are vanity and vexation <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366"
+        id="Page_366">[366]</a></span>of spirite; and yet we fooles catch after
+        shadows, y<sup>t</sup> flye away, &amp; are gone in a momente, &amp;c.
+        Thus with my continuall remembrance of you in my poore desires to y<sup>e</sup>
+        throne of grace, beseeching God to renew his love &amp; favoure towards
+        you all, in &amp; through y<sup>e</sup> Lord Jesus Christ, both in
+        spirituall &amp; temporall good things, as may be most to the glory
+        &amp; praise of his name, and your everlasting good. So I rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your afflicted brother in Christ,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">William Peirce.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Virginia, Des: 25. 1632.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1633" id="a1633"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1633.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year M<sup>r</sup>. Ed: Winslow was chosen Governor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By the first returne this year, they had leters from M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherley of M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons further ill success, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      loss by M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce, with many sadd complaints; but litle hope
+      of any thinge to be gott of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, or how their accounts
+      might be either eased, or any way rectified by them ther; but now saw
+      plainly y<sup>t</sup> the burthen of all would be cast on their backs. The
+      spetiall passages of his letters I shall here inserte, as shall be
+      pertinente to these things; for though I am weary of this tedious &amp;
+      uncomfortable subjecte, yet for y<sup>e</sup> clearing of y<sup>e</sup>
+      truth I am compelled to be more larg in y<sup>e</sup> opening of these
+      matters, upon w<sup>ch</sup> [194] so much trouble hath insued, and so
+      many hard censures have passed on both sids. I would not be partiall to
+      either, but deliver y<sup>e</sup> truth in all, and, as nere as I can, in
+      their owne words and passages, and so leave it to the impartiall judgment
+      of any that shall <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[367]</a></span>come
+      to read, or veiw these things. His leters are as folow, dated June 24.
+      1633.
+    </p>
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+      <img src="images/fig06.jpg" width="500" alt="" title="" /> <span
+      class="caption">EDWARD WINSLOW.</span>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Loving friends, my last<a name="FNanchor_DI_113" id="FNanchor_DI_113"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_DI_113" class="fnanchor">[DI]</a> was sente in y<sup>e</sup>
+        Mary &amp; John, by M<sup>r</sup>. William Collier, &amp;c. I then
+        certified you of y<sup>e</sup> great, &amp; uncomfortable, and
+        unseasonable loss you &amp; we had, in y<sup>e</sup> loss of M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Peirce his ship, y<sup>e</sup> Lyon; but y<sup>e</sup> Lords holy name
+        be blessed, who gives &amp; taks as it pleaseth him; his will be done,
+        Amen. I then related unto you y<sup>t</sup> fearfull accidente, or
+        rather judgmente, y<sup>e</sup> Lord pleased to lay on London Bridge, by
+        fire, and therin gave you a touch of my great loss; the Lord, I hope,
+        will give me patience to bear it, and faith to trust in him, &amp; not
+        in these slipery and uncertaine things of this world.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        I hope M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton is nere upon sayle with you by this; but
+        he had many disasters here before he could gett away; yet y<sup>e</sup>
+        last was a heavie one; his ship, going out of y<sup>e</sup> harbor at
+        Bristoll, by stormie weather was so farr driven on y<sup>e</sup> shore,
+        as it cost him above 100<sup>li</sup>. before shee could be gott off
+        againe. Verily his case was so lamentable as I could not but afford him
+        some help therin (and so did some were strangers to him); besids, your
+        goods were in her, and if he had not been supported, he must have broke
+        off his viage, and so loss could not have been avoyded on all sides.
+        When he first bought her, I thinke he had made a saving match, if he had
+        then sunck her, and never set her forth. I hope he sees y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lords hand against him, and will leave of these viages. I thinke we did
+        well in parting with her; she would have been but a clogge to y<sup>e</sup>
+        accounte from time to time, and now though we shall not gett much by way
+        of satisfaction, yet we shall lose no more. And now, as before I have
+        writte, I pray you finish all y<sup>e</sup> accounts and reconings with
+        him there; for here <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_368"
+        id="Page_368">[368]</a></span>he hath nothing, but many debtes that he
+        stands ingaged to many men for. Besids, here is not a man y<sup>t</sup>
+        will spend a day, or scarce an hower, aboute y<sup>e</sup> accounts but
+        my selfe, and y<sup>t</sup> bussines will require more time and help
+        then I can afford. I shall not need to say any more; I hope you will doe
+        y<sup>t</sup> which shall be best &amp; just, to which adde mercie, and
+        consider his intente, though he failed in many perticulers, which now
+        cannot be helped, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        To morrow, or next day at furthest, we are to pay 300<sup>li</sup>. and
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp is out of y<sup>e</sup> towne, yet y<sup>e</sup>
+        bussines I must doe. Oh the greefe &amp; trouble y<sup>t</sup> man, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allerton, hath brought upon you and us! I cannot forgett it, and to
+        thinke on it draws many a sigh from my harte, and teares from my eyes.
+        And now y<sup>e</sup> Lord hath visited me with an other great loss, yet
+        I can undergoe it with more patience. But this I have follishly pulled
+        upon my selfe, &amp;c. [And in another, he hath this passage:] By M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Allertons faire propositions and large [195] promises, I have over rune
+        my selfe; verily, at this time greefe hinders me to write, and tears
+        will not suffer me to see; wherfore, as you love those that ever loved
+        you, and y<sup>t</sup> plantation, thinke upon us. Oh what shall I say
+        of that man, who hath abused your trust and wronged our loves! but now
+        to complaine is too late, nither can I complaine of your backwardnes,
+        for I am perswaded it lys as heavie on your harts, as it doth on our
+        purses or credites. And had y<sup>e</sup> Lord sent M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Peirce safe home, we had eased both you and us of some of those debts;
+        the Lord I hope will give us patience to bear these crosses; and that
+        great God, whose care &amp; providence is every where, and spetially
+        over all those that desire truly to fear and serve him, direct, guid,
+        prosper, &amp; blesse you so, as y<sup>t</sup> you may be able (as I
+        perswade my selfe you are willing) to discharge &amp; take off this
+        great &amp; heavie burthen which now lyes upon me for your saks; and I
+        hope in y<sup>e</sup> ende for y<sup>e</sup> good of you, and many
+        thousands <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[369]</a></span>more;
+        for had not you &amp; we joyned &amp; continued togeather, New-England
+        might yet have been scarce knowne, I am perswaded, not so replenished
+        &amp; inhabited with honest English people, as it now is. The Lord
+        increase &amp; blesse them, &amp;c. So, with my continuall praiers for
+        you all, I rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your assured loving friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        June 24. 1633.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      By this it apperes when M<sup>r</sup>. Sherly sould him y<sup>e</sup> ship
+      &amp; all her accounts, it was more for M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons advantage
+      then theirs; and if they could get any there, well &amp; good, for they
+      were like to have nothing here. And what course was held to hinder them
+      there, hath allready beene manifested. And though M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley
+      became more sinsible of his owne condition, by these losses, and therby
+      more sadly &amp; plainly to complaine of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, yet no
+      course was taken to help them here, but all left unto them selves; not so
+      much as to examene &amp; rectifie y<sup>e</sup> accounts, by which (it is
+      like) some hundereds of pounds might have been taken off. But very
+      probable it is, the more they saw was taken off, y<sup>e</sup> less might
+      come unto them selves. But I leave these maters, &amp; come to other
+      things.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Roger Williams (a man godly &amp; zealous, having many
+      precious parts, but very unsettled in judgmente) came over first to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusets, but upon some discontente left y<sup>t</sup> place, and came
+      hither, (wher he was fri&#275;dly entertained, according to their poore
+      abilitie,) and exercised his gifts amongst them, &amp; after some <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[370]</a></span>time was
+      admitted a member of y<sup>e</sup> church; and his teaching well
+      approoved, for y<sup>e</sup> benefite wherof I still blese God, and am
+      thankfull to him, even for his sharpest admonitions &amp; reproufs, so
+      farr as they agreed with truth. He this year begane to fall into some
+      strang oppi&#299;ons, and from opinion to practise; which caused some
+      controversie betweene y<sup>e</sup> church &amp; him, and in y<sup>e</sup>
+      end some discontente on his parte, by occasion wherof he left them some
+      thing abruptly. Yet after wards sued for his dismission to y<sup>e</sup>
+      church of Salem, which was granted, with some caution to them concerning
+      him, and what care they ought to have of him. But he soone fell into more
+      things ther, both to their and y<sup>e</sup> governments troble and [196]
+      disturbance. I shall not need to name perticulers, they are too well
+      knowen now to all, though for a time y<sup>e</sup> church here wente under
+      some hard censure by his occasion, from some that afterwards smarted them
+      selves. But he is to be pitied, and prayed for, and so I shall leave y<sup>e</sup>
+      matter, and desire y<sup>e</sup> Lord to shew him his errors, and reduse
+      him into y<sup>e</sup> way of truth, and give him a setled judgment and
+      constancie in y<sup>e</sup> same; for I hope he belongs to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord, and y<sup>t</sup> he will shew him mercie.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having had formerly converse and famliarity with y<sup>e</sup> Dutch, (as
+      is before remembred,) they, seeing them seated here in a barren quarter,
+      tould them of a river called by them y<sup>e</sup> Fresh River, but now is
+      known <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[371]</a></span>by
+      y<sup>e</sup> name of Conightecute-River, which they often com&#773;ended
+      unto them for a fine place both for plantation and trade, and wished them
+      to make use of it. But their hands being full otherwise, they let it pass.
+      But afterwards ther coming a company of banishte Indeans into these parts,
+      that were drivene out from thence by the potencie of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Pequents, which usurped upon them, and drive them from thence, they often
+      sollisited them to goe thither, and they should have much trad, espetially
+      if they would keep a house ther. And having now good store of comodities,
+      and allso need to looke out wher they could advantage them selves to help
+      them out of their great ingagments, they now begane to send that way to
+      discover y<sup>e</sup> same, and trade with y<sup>e</sup> natives. They
+      found it to be a fine place, but had no great store of trade; but y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans excused y<sup>e</sup> same in regard of y<sup>e</sup> season, and
+      the fear y<sup>e</sup> Indans were in of their enemise. So they tried
+      diverce times, not with out profite, but saw y<sup>e</sup> most certainty
+      would be by keeping a house ther, to receive y<sup>e</sup> trad when it
+      came down out of y<sup>e</sup> inland. These Indeans, not seeing them very
+      forward to build ther, solisited them of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets in
+      like sorte (for their end was to be restored to their countrie againe);
+      but they in y<sup>e</sup> Bay being but latly come, were not fitte for y<sup>e</sup>
+      same; but some of their cheefe made a motion to joyne w<sup>th</sup> the
+      partners here, to trad joyntly with them in y<sup>t</sup> river, the which
+      they were willing to imbrace, and so they <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[372]</a></span>should have builte, and put
+      in equall stock togeather. A time of meeting was appointed at y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusets, and some of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe here was appointed to treat
+      with them, and went accordingly; but they cast many fears of deanger &amp;
+      loss and the like, which was perceived to be the maine obstacles, though
+      they alledged they were not provided of trading goods. But those hear
+      offered at presente to put in sufficiente for both, provided they would
+      become ingaged for y<sup>e</sup> halfe, and prepare against y<sup>e</sup>
+      nexte year. They conffessed more could not be offered, but thanked them,
+      and tould them they had no mind to it. They then answered, they hoped it
+      would be no offence unto [197] them, if them sellves wente on without
+      them, if they saw it meete. They said ther was no reason they should; and
+      thus this treaty broake of, and those here tooke conveniente time to made
+      a begining ther; and were y<sup>e</sup> first English that both discovered
+      that place, and built in y<sup>e</sup> same, though they were litle better
+      then thrust out of it afterward as may appeare.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But y<sup>e</sup> Dutch begane now to repente, and hearing of their
+      purpose &amp; preparation, ind&#275;oured to prevente them, and gott in a
+      litle before them, and made a slight forte, and planted 2. peeces of
+      ordnance, thretening to stopp their passage. But they having made a smale
+      frame of a house ready, and haveing a great new-barke, they stowed their
+      frame in her hold, &amp; bords to cover &amp; finishe it, having nayles
+      &amp; all other <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[373]</a></span>provisions
+      fitting for their use. This they did y<sup>e</sup> rather that they might
+      have a presente defence against y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, who weare much
+      offended that they brought home &amp; restored y<sup>e</sup> right Sachem
+      of y<sup>e</sup> place (called Natawanute); so as they were to incounter
+      with a duble danger in this attempte, both y<sup>e</sup> Dutch and y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans. When they came up y<sup>e</sup> river, the Dutch demanded what
+      they intended, and whither they would goe; they answered, up y<sup>e</sup>
+      river to trade (now their order was to goe and seat above them). They bid
+      them strike, &amp; stay, or els they would shoote them; &amp; stood by
+      ther ordnance ready fitted. They answered they had com&#773;ission from y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> of Plimoth to goe up y<sup>e</sup> river to such a place,
+      and if they did shoote, they must obey their order and proceede; they
+      would not molest them, but would goe one. So they passed along, and though
+      the Dutch threatened them hard, yet they shoot not. Com&#773;ing to their
+      place, they clapt up their house quickly, and landed their provissions,
+      and left y<sup>e</sup> companie appoynted, and sent the barke home; and
+      afterwards palisadoed their house aboute, and fortified them selves
+      better. The Dutch sent word home to y<sup>e</sup> Monhatas what was done:
+      and in proces of time, they sent a band of aboute 70. men, in warrlike
+      maner, with collours displayed, to assaulte them; but seeing them
+      strengtened, &amp; that it would cost blood, they came to parley, and
+      returned in peace. And this was their enterance ther, who deserved to have
+      held it, and not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[374]</a></span>by
+      freinds to have been thrust out, as in a sorte they were, as will after
+      appere. They did y<sup>e</sup> Dutch no wrong, for they took not a foote
+      of any land they bought, but went to y<sup>e</sup> place above them, and
+      bought that tracte of land which belonged to these Indeans which they
+      carried with them, and their friends, with whom y<sup>e</sup> Dutch had
+      nothing to doe. But of these matters more in another place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It pleased y<sup>e</sup> Lord to visite them this year with an infectious
+      fevoure, of which many fell very sicke, and upward of 20. persons dyed,
+      men and women, besids children, and sundry of them of their anciente
+      friends which had lived in Holand; as Thomas Blossome, Richard Masterson,
+      with sundry [198] others, and in y<sup>e</sup> end (after he had much
+      helped others) Samuell Fuller, who was their surgeon &amp; phisition, and
+      had been a great help and comforte unto them; as in his facultie, so
+      otherwise, being a deacon of y<sup>e</sup> church, a man godly, and
+      forward to doe good, being much missed after his death; and he and y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest of their brethren much lamented by them, and caused much sadnes &amp;
+      mourning amongst them; which caused them to humble them selves, &amp;
+      seeke y<sup>e</sup> Lord; and towards winter it pleased the Lord y<sup>e</sup>
+      sicknes ceased. This disease allso swept away many of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans from all y<sup>e</sup> places near adjoyning; and y<sup>e</sup>
+      spring before, espetially all y<sup>e</sup> month of May, ther was such a
+      quantitie of a great sorte of flies, like (for bignes) <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[375]</a></span>to wasps,
+      or bumble-bees, which came out of holes in y<sup>e</sup> ground, and
+      replenished all y<sup>e</sup> woods, and eate y<sup>e</sup> green-things,
+      and made such a constante yelling noyes, as made all y<sup>e</sup> woods
+      ring of them, and ready to deafe y<sup>e</sup> hearers. They have not by y<sup>e</sup>
+      English been heard or seen before or since. But y<sup>e</sup> Indeans
+      tould them y<sup>t</sup> sicknes would follow, and so it did in June,
+      July, August, and y<sup>e</sup> cheefe heat of som&#773;er.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It pleased y<sup>e</sup> Lord to inable them this year to send home a
+      great quantity of beaver, besids paing all their charges, &amp; debts at
+      home, which good returne did much incourage their freinds in England. They
+      sent in beaver 3366<sup>li</sup>. waight, and much of it coat beaver,
+      which yeeled 20<sup>s</sup>. p&#818;<sup>r</sup> pound, &amp; some of it
+      above; and of otter-skines<a name="FNanchor_DJ_114" id="FNanchor_DJ_114"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_DJ_114" class="fnanchor">[DJ]</a> 346. sould also at a
+      good prise. And thus much of y<sup>e</sup> affairs of this year.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1634" id="a1634"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1634.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year M<sup>r</sup>. Thomas Prence was chosen Gov<sup>r</sup>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys letters were very breefe in answer of theirs this
+      year. I will forbear to coppy any part therof, only name a head or 2.
+      therm. First, he desirs they will take nothing ill in what he formerly
+      write, professing his good affection towards them as before, &amp;c. 2<sup>ly</sup>.
+      For M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons accounts, he is perswaded they must suffer,
+      and y<sup>t</sup> in no small sum&#773;es; <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span>and that they have cause
+      enough to complaine, but it was now too late. And that he had failed them
+      ther, those here, and him selfe in his owne aimes. And that now, having
+      thus left them here, he feared God had or would leave him, and it would
+      not be strang, but a wonder if he fell not into worse things, &amp;c. 3<sup>ly</sup>.
+      He blesseth God and is thankfull to them for y<sup>e</sup> good returne
+      made this year. This is y<sup>e</sup> effecte of his letters, other things
+      being of more private nature.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I am now to enter upon one of y<sup>e</sup> sadest things that befell them
+      since they came; but before I begine, it will be needfull to premise such
+      parte of their patente as gives them right and priviledge at Kenebeck; as
+      followeth:
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        [199] The said Counsell hath further given, granted, barganed, sold,
+        infeoffed, alloted, assigned, &amp; sett over, and by these presents doe
+        clearly and absolutly give, grante, bargane, sell, alliene, enffeofe,
+        allote, assigne, and confirme unto y<sup>e</sup> said William Bradford,
+        his heires, associates, and assignes, All that tracte of land or part of
+        New-England in America afforesaid, which lyeth within or betweene, and
+        extendeth it selfe from y<sup>e</sup> utmost limits of Cobiseconte,
+        which adjoyneth to y<sup>e</sup> river of Kenebeck, towards the westerne
+        ocean, and a place called y<sup>e</sup> falls of Nequamkick in America,
+        aforsaid; and y<sup>e</sup> space of 15. English myles on each side of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said river, commonly called Kenebeck River, and all y<sup>e</sup> said
+        river called Kenebeck that lyeth within the said limits &amp; bounds,
+        eastward, westward, northward, &amp; southward, last above mentioned;
+        and all lands, grounds, soyles, rivers, waters, fishing, &amp;c. And by
+        vertue of y<sup>e</sup> authority to us derived <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[377]</a></span>by his said late Ma<sup>tis</sup>
+        Lr&#275;s patents, to take, apprehend, seise, and make prise of all such
+        persons, their ships and goods, as shall attempte to inhabite or trade
+        with y<sup>e</sup> savage people of that countrie within y<sup>e</sup>
+        severall precincts and limits of his &amp; their severall plantations,
+        &amp;c.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Now it so fell out, that one Hocking, belonging to y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation of Pascataway, wente with a barke and com&#773;odities to trade
+      in that river, and would needs press into their limites; and not only so,
+      but would needs goe up y<sup>e</sup> river above their house, (towards y<sup>e</sup>
+      falls of y<sup>e</sup> river,) and intercept the trade that should come to
+      them. He that was cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> place forbad them, and prayed
+      him that he would not offer them that injurie, nor goe aboute to infring
+      their liberties, which had cost them so dear. But he answered he would goe
+      up and trade ther in dispite of them, and lye ther as longe as he pleased.
+      The other tould him he must then be forced to remove him from thence, or
+      make seasure of him if he could. He bid him doe his worste, and so wente
+      up, and anchored ther. The other tooke a boat &amp; some men &amp; went up
+      to him, when he saw his time, and againe entreated him to departe by what
+      perswasion he could. But all in vaine: he could gett nothing of him but
+      ill words. So he considred that now was y<sup>e</sup> season for trade to
+      come downe, and if he should suffer him to lye, &amp; take it from them,
+      all ther former charge would be lost, and they had better throw up all.
+      So, consulting <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[378]</a></span>with
+      his men, (who were willing thertoe,) he resolved to put him from his
+      anchores, and let him drive downe y<sup>e</sup> river with y<sup>e</sup>
+      streame; but com&#773;anded y<sup>e</sup> men y<sup>t</sup> none should
+      shoote a shote upon any occasion, except he com&#773;anded them. He spoake
+      to him againe, but all in vaine; then he sente a cuple in a canow to cutt
+      his cable, the which one of them performes; but Hocking taks up a pece
+      which he had layed ready, and as y<sup>e</sup> barke shered by y<sup>e</sup>
+      canow, he shote [200] him close under her side, in y<sup>e</sup> head, (as
+      I take it,) so he fell downe dead instantly. One of his fellows (that
+      loved him well) could not hold, but with a muskett shot Hocking, who fell
+      downe dead and never speake word. This was y<sup>e</sup> truth of y<sup>e</sup>
+      thing. The rest of y<sup>e</sup> men carried home the vessell and y<sup>e</sup>
+      sad tidings of these things. Now y<sup>e</sup> Lord Saye &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord Brooks, with some other great persons, had a hand in this plantation;
+      they write home to them, as much as they could to exasperate them in y<sup>e</sup>
+      matter, leaveing out all y<sup>e</sup> circomstances, as if he had been
+      kild without any offenc of his parte, conceling y<sup>t</sup> he had kild
+      another first, and y<sup>e</sup> just occasion that he had given in
+      offering such wrong; at w<sup>ch</sup> their Lords<sup>ps</sup> were much
+      offended, till they were truly informed of y<sup>e</sup> mater.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The bruite of this was quickly carried all aboute, (and y<sup>t</sup> in y<sup>e</sup>
+      worst maner,) and came into y<sup>e</sup> Bay to their neighbours their.
+      Their owne barke com&#773;ing home, and bringing a true relation of y<sup>e</sup>
+      matter, sundry <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[379]</a></span>were
+      sadly affected with y<sup>e</sup> thing, as they had cause. It was not
+      long before they had occasion to send their vessell into y<sup>e</sup> Bay
+      of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts; but they were so prepossest with this
+      matter, and affected with y<sup>e</sup> same, as they com&#773;ited M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Alden to prison, who was in y<sup>e</sup> bark, and had been at Kenebeck,
+      but was no actore in y<sup>e</sup> bussines, but wente to carie them
+      supply. They dismist y<sup>e</sup> barke aboute her bussines, but kept him
+      for some time. This was thought strang here, and they sente Capten
+      Standish to give them true information, (togeather with their letters,)
+      and y<sup>e</sup> best satisfaction they could, and to procure M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Alden's release. I shall recite a letter or 2. which will show the
+      passages of these things, as folloeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Good S<sup>r</sup>:
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        I have received your lr&#275;<sup>s</sup> by Captaine Standish, &amp; am
+        unfainedly glad of Gods mercie towards you in y<sup>e</sup> recovery of
+        your health, or some way thertoo. For y<sup>e</sup> bussines you write
+        of, I thought meete to answer a word or 2. to your selfe, leaving the
+        answer of your Gov<sup>or</sup> lre to our courte, to whom y<sup>e</sup>
+        same, together with my selfe is directed. I conceive (till I hear new
+        matter to y<sup>e</sup> contrary) that your patente may warrente your
+        resistance of any English from trading at Kenebeck, and y<sup>t</sup>
+        blood of Hocking, and y<sup>e</sup> partie he slue, will be required at
+        his hands. Yet doe I with your selfe &amp; others sorrow for their
+        deaths. I thinke likewise y<sup>t</sup> your generall lr&#275;s will
+        satisfie our courte, and make them cease from any further inter medling
+        in y<sup>e</sup> mater. I have upon y<sup>e</sup> same lre sett M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Alden at liberty, and his sureties, and yet, least I should seeme to
+        neglecte y<sup>e</sup> opinion of our court <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[380]</a></span>&amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+        frequente speeches of others with us, I have bound Captaine Standish to
+        appeare y<sup>e</sup> 3. of June at our nexte courte, to make affidavid
+        for y<sup>e</sup> coppie of y<sup>e</sup> patente, and to manifest the
+        circumstances of Hockins provocations; both which will tend to y<sup>e</sup>
+        clearing of your inocencie. If any unkindnes hath ben taken from what we
+        have done, let it be further &amp; better considred of, I pray you; and
+        I hope y<sup>e</sup> more you thinke of it, the lesse blame you will
+        impute to us. At least you ought to be just in differencing them, whose
+        opinions concurr [201] with your owne, from others who were opposites;
+        and yet I may truly say, I have spoken w<sup>th</sup> no man in y<sup>e</sup>
+        bussines who taxed you most, but they are such as have many wayes
+        heretofore declared ther good affections towards your plantation. I
+        further referr my selfe to y<sup>e</sup> reporte of Captaine Standish
+        &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Allden; leaving you for this presente to Gods
+        blessing, wishing unto you perfecte recovery of health, and y<sup>e</sup>
+        long continuance of it. I desire to be lovingly remembred to M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Prence, your Governor, M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster,
+        whom I would see if I knew how. The Lord keepe you all. Amen.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:23em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your very loving friend in our Lord Jesus,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Tho: Dudley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        New-towne, y<sup>e</sup> 22. of May, 1631.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>Another of his about these things as followeth.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: I am right sorrie for y<sup>e</sup> news that Captaine
+        Standish &amp; other of your neigbours and my beloved freinds will bring
+        now to Plimoth, wherin I suffer with you, by reason of my opinion, which
+        differeth from others, who are godly &amp; wise, amongst us here, the
+        reverence of whose judgments causeth me to suspecte myne owne ignorance;
+        yet must I remaine in it untill I be convinced therof. I thought not to
+        have shewed your letter written to me, but to have done my best <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[381]</a></span>to have
+        reconciled differences in y<sup>e</sup> best season &amp; maner I could;
+        but Captaine Standish requiring an answer therof publickly in y<sup>e</sup>
+        courte, I was forced to produce it, and that made y<sup>e</sup> breach
+        soe wide as he can tell you. I propounded to y<sup>e</sup> courte, to
+        answer M<sup>r</sup>. Prences lre, your Gov<sup>r</sup>, but our courte
+        said it required no answer, it selfe being an answer to a former lre of
+        ours. I pray you certifie M<sup>r</sup>. Prence so much, and others whom
+        it concer&#771;eth, that no neglecte or ill man&#773;ers be imputed to
+        me theraboute. The late lres I received from England wrought in me
+        divere fears<a name="FNanchor_DK_115" id="FNanchor_DK_115"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_DK_115" class="fnanchor">[DK]</a> of some trials which
+        are shortly like to fall upon us; and this unhappie contention betweene
+        you and us, and between you &amp; Pascattaway, will hasten them, if God
+        with an extraordinarie hand doe not help us. To reconcile this for y<sup>e</sup>
+        presente will be very difficulte, but time cooleth distempers, and a
+        comone danger to us boath approaching, will necessitate our uniting
+        againe. I pray you therfore, S<sup>r</sup>. set your wisdom &amp;
+        patience a worke, and exhorte others to y<sup>e</sup> same, that things
+        may not proceede from bad to worse, so making our contentions like y<sup>e</sup>
+        barrs of a pallace, but that a way of peace may be kepte open, wherat y<sup>e</sup>
+        God of peace may have enterance in his owne time. If you suffer wrong,
+        it shall be your honor to bear it patiently; but I goe to farr in
+        needles putting you in mind of these things. God hath done great things
+        for you, and I desire his blessings may be multiplied upon you more
+        &amp; more. I will commite no more to writing, but comending my selfe to
+        your prayers, doe rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:23em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your very loving friend in our Lord Jesus,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Tho: Dudley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        June 4. 1634.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[382]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By these things it appars what troubls rise herupon, and how hard they
+      were to be reconciled; for though they hear were hartily sorrie for what
+      was fallen out, yet they conceived they were unjustly injuried, and
+      provoked to what was done; and that their neigbours (haveing no
+      jurisdiction over them) did more then was mete, thus to imprison one of
+      theirs, and bind them to [202] their courte. But yet being assured of
+      their Christian love, and perswaded what was done was out of godly zeale,
+      that religion might not suffer, nor sinne any way covered or borne with,
+      espetially y<sup>e</sup> guilte of blood, of which all should be very
+      consciencious in any whom soever, they did indeavore to appease &amp;
+      satisfie them y<sup>e</sup> best they could; first, by informing them y<sup>e</sup>
+      truth in all circomstances aboute y<sup>e</sup> matter; 2<sup>ly</sup>, in
+      being willing to referr y<sup>e</sup> case to any indifferante and equall
+      hearing and judgmente of the thing hear, and to answere it els wher when
+      they should be duly called therunto; and further they craved M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winthrops, &amp; other of y<sup>e</sup> reve<sup>d</sup> magistrats ther,
+      their advice &amp; direction herein. This did mollifie their minds, and
+      bring things to a good &amp; comfortable issue in y<sup>e</sup> end.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For they had this advice given them by M<sup>r</sup>. Winthrop, &amp;
+      others concurring with him, that from their courte, they should write to
+      the neigboure plantations, &amp; espetially that of y<sup>e</sup> lords,
+      at Pascataway, and theirs of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, to appointe some
+      to give <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[383]</a></span>them
+      meeting at some fitt place, to consulte &amp; determine in this matter, so
+      as y<sup>e</sup> parties meeting might have full power to order &amp;
+      bind, &amp;c. And that nothing be done to y<sup>e</sup> infringing or
+      prejudice of y<sup>e</sup> liberties of any place. And for y<sup>e</sup>
+      clearing of conscience, y<sup>e</sup> law of God is, y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup>
+      preist lips must be consulted with, and therfore it was desired that y<sup>e</sup>
+      ministers of every plantation might be presente to give their advice in
+      pointe of conscience. Though this course seemed dangerous to some, yet
+      they were so well assured of y<sup>e</sup> justice of their cause, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      equitie of their freinds, as they put them selves upon it, &amp; appointed
+      a time, of which they gave notice to y<sup>e</sup> severall places a month
+      before hand; viz. Massachusets, Salem, &amp; Pascataway, or any other y<sup>t</sup>
+      they would give notice too, and disired them to produce any evidence they
+      could in y<sup>e</sup> case. The place for meeting was at Boston. But when
+      y<sup>e</sup> day &amp; time came, none apered, but some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      magistrats and ministers of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and their owne.
+      Seeing none of Passcataway or other places came, (haveing been thus
+      desired, &amp; conveniente time given them for y<sup>t</sup> end,) M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winthrop &amp; y<sup>e</sup> rest said they could doe no more then they
+      had done thus to requeste them, y<sup>e</sup> blame must rest on them. So
+      they fell into a fair debating of things them selves; and after all things
+      had been fully opened &amp; discussed, and y<sup>e</sup> opinione of each
+      one demanded, both magistrats, and ministers, <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></span>though they all could have
+      wished these things had never been, yet they could not but lay y<sup>e</sup>
+      blame &amp; guilt on Hockins owne head; and withall gave them such grave
+      &amp; godly exhortations and advice, as they thought meete, both for y<sup>e</sup>
+      presente &amp; future; which they allso imbraced with love &amp;
+      thankfullnes, promising to indeavor to follow y<sup>e</sup> same. And thus
+      was this matter ended, and ther love and concord renewed; and also M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winthrop &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Dudley write in their behalfes to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord Ssay &amp; other gentl-men that were interesed in y<sup>t</sup>
+      plantation, very effectually, w<sup>th</sup> which, togeather with their
+      owne leters, and M<sup>r</sup>. Winslows furder declaration of things unto
+      them, they rested well satisfied.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [203] M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was sente by them this year into England,
+      partly to informe and satisfie y<sup>e</sup> Lord Say &amp; others, in y<sup>e</sup>
+      former matter, as also to make answer and their just defence for y<sup>e</sup>
+      same, if any thing should by any be prosecuted against them at
+      Counsell-table, or els wher; but this matter tooke end, without any
+      further trouble, as is before noted. And partly to signifie unto y<sup>e</sup>
+      partners in England, that the terme of their trade with y<sup>e</sup>
+      company here was out, and therfore he was sente to finishe y<sup>e</sup>
+      accounts with them, and to bring them notice how much debtore they should
+      remaine on y<sup>t</sup> accounte, and that they might know what further
+      course would be best to hold. But y<sup>e</sup> issue of these things will
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[385]</a></span>appear
+      in y<sup>e</sup> next years passages. They now sente over by him a great
+      returne, which was very acceptable unto them; which was in beaver 3738<sup>li</sup>.
+      waight, (a great part of it, being coat-beaver, sould at 20<sup>s</sup>. p<sup>r</sup>
+      pound,) and 234. otter skines;<a name="FNanchor_DL_116"
+      id="FNanchor_DL_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_DL_116" class="fnanchor">[DL]</a>
+      which alltogeather rise to a great sume of money.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year (in y<sup>e</sup> foreparte of y<sup>e</sup> same) they sente
+      forth a barke to trad at y<sup>e</sup> Dutch-Plantation; and they mette
+      ther with on Captaine Stone, that had lived in Christophers, one of y<sup>e</sup>
+      West-Ende Ilands, and now had been some time in Virginia, and came from
+      thence into these parts. He kept company with y<sup>e</sup> Dutch Gove<sup>r</sup>,
+      and, I know not in what drunken fitt, he gott leave of y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      to ceaise on their barke, when they were ready to come away, and had done
+      their markett, haveing y<sup>e</sup> valew of 500<sup>li</sup>. worth of
+      goods abord her; having no occasion at all, or any collour of ground for
+      such a thing, but having made y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> drunck, so as
+      he could scarce speake a right word; and when he urged him hear aboute, he
+      answered him, <i>Als 't u beleeft</i>.<a name="FNanchor_DM_117"
+      id="FNanchor_DM_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_DM_117" class="fnanchor">[DM]</a>
+      So he gat abord, (the cheefe of their men &amp; marchant being ashore,)
+      and with some of his owne men, made y<sup>e</sup> rest of theirs waigh
+      anchor, sett sayle, &amp; carry her away towards Virginia. But diverse of
+      y<sup>e</sup> Dutch sea-men, which had bene often at Plimoth, and kindly
+      entertayned ther, said one to another, Shall we suffer our freinds to be
+      thus abused, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[386]</a></span>and
+      have their goods carried away, before our faces, whilst our Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      is drunke? They vowed they would never suffer it; and so gott a vessell or
+      2. and pursued him, &amp; brought him in againe, and delivered them their
+      barke &amp; goods againe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After wards Stone came into y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and they sent
+      &amp; commensed suite against him for this facte; but by mediation of
+      freinds it was taken up, and y<sup>e</sup> suite lett fall. And in y<sup>e</sup>
+      company of some other gentle-men Stone came afterwards to Plimoth, and had
+      freindly &amp; civill entertainmente amongst them, with y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest; but revenge boyled within his brest, (though concelled,) for some
+      conceived he had a purpose (at one time) to have staped the Gov<sup>r</sup>,
+      and put his hand to his dagger for that end, but by Gods providence and y<sup>e</sup>
+      vigilance of some was prevented. He afterward returned to Virginia, in a
+      pinass, with one Captaine Norton &amp; some others; and, I know not for
+      what occasion, they would needs goe up Coonigtecutt River; and how they
+      carried themselves I know not, but y<sup>e</sup> Indeans knoct him in y<sup>e</sup>
+      head, as he lay in his cabine, and had thrown y<sup>e</sup> covering over
+      his face (whether out of fear or desperation is uncertaine); this was his
+      end. They likewise killed all y<sup>e</sup> rest, but Captaine Norton
+      defended him selfe a long time against them all in y<sup>e</sup>
+      cooke-roome, till by accidente the gunpowder tooke fire, which (for
+      readynes) he had sett in an open thing before him, which did <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[387]</a></span>so burne,
+      &amp; scald him, &amp; blind his eyes, as he could make no longer
+      resistance, but was slaine also by them, though they much comended his
+      vallour. And having killed y<sup>e</sup> men, they made a pray of what
+      they had, and chafered away some of their things to y<sup>e</sup> Dutch
+      that lived their. But it was not longe before a quarell fell betweene the
+      Dutch &amp; them, and they would have cutt of their bark; but they slue y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheef sachem w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> shott of a murderer.<a
+      name="FNanchor_DN_118" id="FNanchor_DN_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_DN_118"
+      class="fnanchor">[DN]</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I am now to relate some strang and remarkable passages. Ther was a company
+      of people lived in y<sup>e</sup> country, up above in y<sup>e</sup> river
+      of Conigtecut, a great way from their trading house ther, and were enimise
+      to those Indeans which lived aboute them, and of whom they stood in some
+      fear (bing a stout people). About a thousand of them had inclosed them
+      selves in a forte, which they had strongly palissadoed about. 3. or 4.
+      Dutch men went up in y<sup>e</sup> begining of winter to live with them,
+      to gett their trade, and prevente them for bringing it to y<sup>e</sup>
+      English, or to fall into amitie with them; but at spring to bring all
+      downe to their place. But their enterprise failed, for it pleased God to
+      visite these Indeans with a great sicknes, and such a mortalitie that of a
+      1000. above 900. and a halfe of them dyed, and many of them did rott above
+      ground for want of buriall, and y<sup>e</sup> Dutch men <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[388]</a></span>allmost
+      starved before they could gett away, for ise and snow. But about Feb: they
+      got with much difficultie to their trading house; whom they kindly
+      releeved, being allmost spente with hunger and could. Being thus refreshed
+      by them diverce days, they got to their owne place, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      Dutch were very thankfull for this kindnes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This spring, also, those Indeans that lived aboute their trading house
+      there fell sick of y<sup>e</sup> small poxe, and dyed most miserably; for
+      a sorer disease cannot befall them; they fear it more then y<sup>e</sup>
+      plague; for usualy they that have this disease have them in abundance, and
+      for wante of bedding &amp; lin&#773;ing and other helps, they fall into a
+      lamentable condition, as they lye on their hard matts, y<sup>e</sup> poxe
+      breaking and mattering, and runing one into another, their skin cleaving
+      (by reason therof) to the matts they lye on; when they turne them, a whole
+      side will flea of at once, [204] (as it were,) and they will be all of a
+      gore blood, most fearfull to behold; and then being very sore, what with
+      could and other distempers, they dye like rotten sheep. The condition of
+      this people was so lamentable, and they fell downe so generally of this
+      diseas, as they were (in y<sup>e</sup> end) not able to help on another;
+      no, not to make a fire, nor to fetch a litle water to drinke, nor any to
+      burie y<sup>e</sup> dead; but would strivie as long as they could, and
+      when they could procure no other means to make fire, they <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[389]</a></span>would
+      burne y<sup>e</sup> woden trayes &amp; dishes they ate their meate in, and
+      their very bowes &amp; arrowes; &amp; some would crawle out on all foure
+      to gett a litle water, and some times dye by y<sup>e</sup> way, &amp; not
+      be able to gett in againe. But those of y<sup>e</sup> English house,
+      (though at first they were afraid of y<sup>e</sup> infection,) yet seeing
+      their woefull and sadd condition, and hearing their pitifull cries and
+      lamentations, they had compastion of them, and dayly fetched them wood
+      &amp; water, and made them fires, gott them victualls whilst they lived,
+      and buried them when they dyed. For very few of them escaped,
+      notwithstanding they did what they could for them, to y<sup>e</sup>
+      haszard of them selvs. The cheefe Sachem him selfe now dyed, &amp; allmost
+      all his freinds &amp; kinred. But by y<sup>e</sup> marvelous goodnes &amp;
+      providens of God not one of y<sup>e</sup> English was so much as sicke, or
+      in y<sup>e</sup> least measure tainted with this disease, though they
+      dayly did these offices for them for many weeks togeather. And this mercie
+      which they shewed them was kindly taken, and thankfully acknowledged of
+      all y<sup>e</sup> Indeans that knew or heard of y<sup>e</sup> same; and
+      their m<sup>rs</sup> here did much comend &amp; reward them for y<sup>e</sup>
+      same.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1635" id="a1635"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1635.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was very wellcome to them in England, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      more in regard of y<sup>e</sup> large returne he brought with him, which
+      came all safe to their hands, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_390"
+      id="Page_390">[390]</a></span>and was well sould. And he was borne in
+      hand, (at least he so apprehended,) that all accounts should be cleared
+      before his returne, and all former differences ther aboute well setled.
+      And so he writ over to them hear, that he hoped to cleare y<sup>e</sup>
+      accounts, and bring them over with him; and y<sup>t</sup> the accounte of
+      y<sup>e</sup> White Angele would be taken of, and all things fairly ended.
+      But it came to pass [205] that, being occasioned to answer some complaints
+      made against the countrie at Counsell bord, more cheefly concerning their
+      neigbours in y<sup>e</sup> Bay then them selves hear, the which he did to
+      good effecte, and further prosecuting such things as might tend to y<sup>e</sup>
+      good of y<sup>e</sup> whole, as well them selves as others, aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      wrongs and incroachments that the French &amp; other strangers both had
+      and were like further to doe unto them, if not prevented, he prefered this
+      petition following to their Hon<sup>rs</sup> that were deputed
+      Comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> Plantations.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        To y<sup>e</sup> right honorable y<sup>e</sup> Lords Comissioners for y<sup>e</sup>
+        Plantations in America.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The humble petition of Edw: Winslow, on y<sup>e</sup> behalfe of y<sup>e</sup>
+        plantations in New-England,
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Humbly sheweth unto your Lordships, y<sup>t</sup> wheras your
+        petitioners have planted them selves in New England under his Ma<sup>tis</sup>
+        most gratious protection; now so it is, right Hon<sup>bl</sup>, that y<sup>e</sup>
+        French &amp; Dutch doe indeaouer to devide y<sup>e</sup> land betweene
+        them; for which purpose y<sup>e</sup> French have, on y<sup>e</sup> east
+        side, entered and seased upon one of our houses, and <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[391]</a></span>carried
+        away the goods, slew 2. of y<sup>e</sup> men in another place, and tooke
+        y<sup>e</sup> rest prisoners with their goods. And y<sup>e</sup> Dutch,
+        on y<sup>e</sup> west, have also made entrie upon Conigtecute River,
+        within y<sup>e</sup> limits of his Maj<sup>ts</sup> [-l]rs patent, where
+        they have raised a forte, and threaten to expell your petitioners
+        thence, who are also planted upon y<sup>e</sup> same river, maintaining
+        possession for his Ma<sup>tie</sup> to their great charge, &amp; hazard
+        both of lives &amp; goods.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        In tender consideration hereof your petitioners humbly pray that your Lo<sup>pps</sup>
+        will either procure their peace w<sup>th</sup> those foraine states, or
+        else to give spetiall warrante unto your petitioners and y<sup>e</sup>
+        English Collonies, to right and defend them selves against all foraigne
+        enimies. And your petitioners shall pray, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This petition found good acceptation with most of them, and Mr. Winslow
+      was heard sundry times by them, and appointed further to attend for an
+      answer from their Lo<sup>pps</sup>, espetially, having upon conferance
+      with them laid downe a way how this might be doone without any either
+      charge or trouble to y<sup>e</sup> state; only by furnishing some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> cuntry hear with authoritie, who would undertake
+      it at their owne charge, and in such a way as should be without any
+      publick disturbance. But this crossed both S<sup>r</sup> Ferdinandos
+      Gorges' &amp; Cap: Masons designe, and y<sup>e</sup> arch-bishop of
+      Counterberies by them; for S<sup>r</sup> Ferd: Gorges (by y<sup>e</sup>
+      arch-pps favore) was to have been sent over generall Gov<sup>r</sup> into
+      y<sup>e</sup> countrie, and to have had means from y<sup>e</sup> state for
+      y<sup>t</sup> end, and was now upon dispatch and conclude of y<sup>e</sup>
+      bussines. And y<sup>e</sup> arch-bishops <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[392]</a></span>purposs &amp; intente was,
+      by his means, &amp; some he should send with him, (to be furnished with
+      Episcopall power,) [206] to disturbe y<sup>e</sup> peace of y<sup>e</sup>
+      churches here, and to overthrow their proceedings and further growth,
+      which was y<sup>e</sup> thing he aimed at. But it so fell out (by Gods
+      providence) that though he in y<sup>e</sup> end crost this petition from
+      taking any further effecte in this kind, yet by this as a cheefe means the
+      plotte and whole bussines of his &amp; S<sup>r</sup> Ferdinandos fell to y<sup>e</sup>
+      ground, and came to nothing. When M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow should have had
+      his suit granted, (as indeed upon y<sup>e</sup> pointe it was,) and should
+      have been confirmed, the arch-bishop put a stop upon it, and M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslow, thinking to gett it freed, went to y<sup>e</sup> bord againe; but
+      y<sup>e</sup> bishop, S<sup>r</sup> Ferd: and Captine Masson, had, as it
+      seemes, procured Morton (of whom mention is made before, &amp; his base
+      carriage) to complaine; to whose complaints M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow made
+      answer to y<sup>e</sup> good satisfaction of y<sup>e</sup> borde, who
+      checked Morton and rebuked him sharply, &amp; allso blamed S<sup>r</sup>
+      Fer<sup>d</sup> Gorges, &amp; Masson, for countenancing him. But y<sup>e</sup>
+      bish: had a further end &amp; use of his presence, for he now begane to
+      question M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow of many things; as of teaching in y<sup>e</sup>
+      church publickly, of which Morton accused him, and gave evidence that he
+      had seen and heard him doe it; to which M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow answered,
+      that some time (wanting a minster) he did exercise his gifte to help y<sup>e</sup>
+      edification of his breethren, when <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_393"
+      id="Page_393">[393]</a></span>they wanted better means, w<sup>ch</sup> was
+      not often. Then aboute mariage, the which he also confessed, that, haveing
+      been called to place of magistracie, he had sometimes maried some. And
+      further tould their lord<sup>ps</sup> y<sup>t</sup> mariage was a civille
+      thinge, &amp; he found no wher in y<sup>e</sup> word of God y<sup>t</sup>
+      it was tyed to ministrie. Again, they were necessitated so to doe, having
+      for a long time togeather at first no minister; besids, it was no
+      new-thing, for he had been so maried him selfe in Holand, by y<sup>e</sup>
+      magistrats in their Statt-house. But in y<sup>e</sup> end (to be short),
+      for these things, y<sup>e</sup> bishop, by vemente importunity, gott y<sup>e</sup>
+      bord at last to consente to his comittemente; so he was comited to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Fleete, and lay ther 17. weeks, or ther aboute, before he could gett to be
+      released. And this was y<sup>e</sup> end of this petition, and this
+      bussines; only y<sup>e</sup> others designe was also frustrated hereby,
+      with other things concurring, which was no smalle blessing to y<sup>e</sup>
+      people here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But y<sup>e</sup> charge fell heavie on them hear, not only in M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslows expences, (which could not be smale,) but by y<sup>e</sup>
+      hinderance of their bussines both ther and hear, by his personall
+      imploymente. For though this was as much or more for others then for them
+      hear, and by them cheefly he was put on this bussines, (for the plantation
+      k&#275;we nothing of it till they heard of his imprisonmente,) yet y<sup>e</sup>
+      whole charge lay on them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[394]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Now for their owne bussines; whatsoever M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys mind was
+      before, (or M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow apprehension of y<sup>e</sup> same,) he
+      now declared him selfe plainly, that he would neither take of y<sup>e</sup>
+      White-Angell from y<sup>e</sup> accounte, nor [207] give any further
+      accounte, till he had received more into his hands; only a prety good
+      supply of goods were sent over, but of y<sup>e</sup> most, no note of
+      their prises, or so orderly an invoyce as formerly; which M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslow said he could not help, because of his restrainte. Only now M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherley &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews sent
+      over a letter of atturney under their hands &amp; seals, to recovere what
+      they could of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton for y<sup>e</sup> Angells accounte;
+      but sent them neither y<sup>e</sup> bonds, nor covenants, or such other
+      evidence or accounts, as they had aboute these matters. I shall here
+      inserte a few passages out of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys letters aboute these
+      things.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Your leter of y<sup>e</sup> 22. of July, 1634, by your trustie and our
+        loving friend M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, I have received, and your larg
+        parcell of beaver and otter skines. Blessed be our God, both he and it
+        came safly to us, and we have sould it in tow parcells; y<sup>e</sup>
+        skin at 14<sup>s</sup>. li. &amp; some at 16.; y<sup>e</sup> coate at 20<sup>s</sup>.
+        y<sup>e</sup> pound. The accounts I have not sent you them this year, I
+        will referr you to M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow to tell you y<sup>e</sup>
+        reason of it; yet be assured y<sup>t</sup> none of you shall suffer by y<sup>e</sup>
+        not having of them, if God spare me life. And wheras you say y<sup>e</sup>
+        6. years are expired y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> peopl put y<sup>e</sup>
+        trad into your &amp; our hands for, for y<sup>e</sup> discharge of y<sup>t</sup>
+        great debte w<sup>ch</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton needlesly &amp;
+        unadvisedly ran you &amp; us into; yet it was promised it should
+        continue till our disbursments &amp; ingagements <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[395]</a></span>were satisfied. You
+        conceive it is done; we feele &amp; know other wise, &amp;c. I doubt not
+        but we shall lovingly agree, notwithstanding all y<sup>t</sup> hath been
+        writen, on boath sids, aboute y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell. We have now
+        sent you a letter of atturney, therby giving you power in our names (and
+        to shadow it y<sup>e</sup> more we say for our uses) to obtaine what may
+        be of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton towards y<sup>e</sup> satisfing of that
+        great charge of y<sup>e</sup> White Angell. And sure he hath bound him
+        selfe, (though at present I cannot find it,) but he hath often affirmed,
+        with great protestations, y<sup>t</sup> neither you nor we should lose a
+        peny by him, and I hope you shall find enough to discharg it, so as we
+        shall have no more contesting aboute it. Yet, notwithstanding his
+        unnaturall &amp; unkind dealing with you, in y<sup>e</sup> midest of
+        justice remember mercie, and doe not all you may doe, &amp;c. Set us out
+        of debte, and then let us recone &amp; reason togeither, &amp;c. M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Winslow hath undergone an unkind imprisonment, but I am perswaded it
+        will turne much to all your good. I leave him to relate perticuleres,
+        &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your loving freind,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        London, Sep: 7. 1635.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This year they sustained an other great loss from y<sup>e</sup> French.
+      Monsier de Aulnay coming into y<sup>e</sup> harbore of Penobscote, and
+      having before gott some of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe y<sup>t</sup> belonged to
+      y<sup>e</sup> house abord his vessell, by sutlty coming upon them in their
+      shalop, he gott them to pilote him in; and after getting y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest into his power, he tooke possession of y<sup>e</sup> house in y<sup>e</sup>
+      name of y<sup>e</sup> king of France; and partly by threatening, &amp;
+      other wise, made Mr. Willett (their agente ther) to approve of <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[396]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      sale of y<sup>e</sup> goods their unto him, of which he sett y<sup>e</sup>
+      price him selfe [208] in effecte, and made an inventory therof, (yett
+      leaving out sundry things,) but made no paymente for them; but tould them
+      in convenient time he would doe it if they came for it. For y<sup>e</sup>
+      house &amp; fortification, &amp;c. he would not alow, nor accounte any
+      thing, saing that they which build on another mans ground doe forfite y<sup>e</sup>
+      same. So thus turning them out of all, (with a great deale of complemente,
+      and many fine words,) he let them have their shalop and some victualls to
+      bring them home. Coming home and relating all the passages, they here were
+      much troubled at it, &amp; haveing had this house robbed by y<sup>e</sup>
+      French once before, and lost then above 500<sup>li</sup>. (as is before
+      remembred), and now to loose house &amp; all, did much move them. So as
+      they resolved to consulte with their freinds in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, and if
+      y<sup>ey</sup> approved of it, (ther being now many ships ther,) they
+      intended to hire a ship of force, and seeke to beat out y<sup>e</sup>
+      Frenche, and recover it againe. Ther course was well approved on, if them
+      selves could bear y<sup>e</sup> charge; so they hired a fair ship of above
+      300. tune, well fitted with ordnance, and agreed with y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>.
+      (one Girling) to this effect: that he and his company should deliver them
+      y<sup>e</sup> house, (after they had driven out, or surprised y<sup>e</sup>
+      French,) and give them peacable possession therof, and of all such trading
+      comodities as should ther be found; and give y<sup>e</sup> <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[397]</a></span>French
+      fair quarter &amp; usage, if they would yeeld. In consideration wherof he
+      was to have 700<sup>li</sup>. of beaver, to be delivered him ther, when he
+      had done y<sup>e</sup> thing; but if he did not accomplish it, he was to
+      loose his labour, and have nothing. With him they also sent their owne
+      bark, and about 20. men, with Captaine Standish, to aide him (if neede
+      weer), and to order things, if the house was regained; and then to pay him
+      y<sup>e</sup> beaver, which they keept abord their owne barke. So they
+      with their bark piloted him thither, and brought him safe into y<sup>e</sup>
+      harbor. But he was so rash &amp; heady as he would take no advice, nor
+      would suffer Captaine Standish to have time to summone them, (who had com&#773;ission
+      &amp; order so to doe,) neither would doe it him selfe; the which, it was
+      like, if it had been done, &amp; they come to affaire parley, seeing their
+      force, they would have yeelded. Neither would he have patience to bring
+      his ship wher she might doe execution, but begane to shoot at distance
+      like a madd man, and did them no hurte at all; the which when those of y<sup>e</sup>
+      plantation saw, they were much greeved, and went to him &amp; tould him he
+      would doe no good if he did not lay his ship beter to pass (for she might
+      lye within pistoll shott of y<sup>e</sup> house). At last, when he saw his
+      owne folly, he was perswaded, and layed her well, and bestowed a few shott
+      to good purposs. But now, when he was in a way to doe some good, his
+      powder was goone; for though he had <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[398]</a></span>...<a name="FNanchor_DO_119"
+      id="FNanchor_DO_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_DO_119" class="fnanchor">[DO]</a>
+      peece of ordnance, it did now [209] appeare he had but a barrell of
+      powder, and a peece; so he could doe no good, but was faine to draw of
+      againe; by which means y<sup>e</sup> enterprise was made frustrate, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      French incouraged; for all y<sup>e</sup> while that he shot so
+      unadvisedly, they lay close under a worke of earth, &amp; let him consume
+      him selfe. He advised with y<sup>e</sup> Captaine how he might be supplyed
+      with powder, for he had not to carie him home; so he tould him he would
+      goe to y<sup>e</sup> next plantation, and doe his indeour to procure him
+      some, and so did; but understanding, by intelligence, that he intended to
+      ceiase on y<sup>e</sup> barke, &amp; surprise y<sup>e</sup> beaver, he
+      sent him the powder, and brought y<sup>e</sup> barke &amp; beaver home.
+      But Girling never assualted y<sup>e</sup> place more, (seeing him selfe
+      disapoyented,) but went his way; and this was y<sup>e</sup> end of this
+      bussines.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Upon y<sup>e</sup> ill success of this bussines, the Gov<sup>r</sup> and
+      Assistants here by their leters certified their freinds in y<sup>e</sup>
+      Bay, how by this ship they had been abused and disapoynted, and y<sup>t</sup>
+      the French partly had, and were now likly to fortifie them selves more
+      strongly, and likly to become ill neigbours to y<sup>e</sup> English. Upon
+      this they thus writ to them as folloeth:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Worthy S<sup>rs</sup>: Upon y<sup>e</sup> reading of your leters, &amp;
+        consideration of y<sup>e</sup> waightines of y<sup>e</sup> cause therin
+        mentioned, the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[399]</a></span>courte
+        hath joyntly expressed their willingnes to assist you with men &amp;
+        munition, for y<sup>e</sup> accomplishing of your desires upon y<sup>e</sup>
+        French. But because here are none of yours y<sup>t</sup> have authority
+        to conclude of any thing herein, nothing can be done by us for y<sup>e</sup>
+        presente. We desire, therfore, that you would with all conveniente speed
+        send some man of trust, furnished with instructions from your selves, to
+        make such agreemente with us about this bussines as may be usefull for
+        you, and equall for us. So in hast we com&#773;ite you to God, and
+        remaine
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your assured loving freinds,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig_multi">
+          <span class="smcap"><span class="smcap">John Haynes</span>, Gov<sup>r</sup>.<br />
+          <span class="smcap">Ri: Bellingham</span>, Dep.<br /> <span
+          class="smcap">Jo: Winthrop.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Tho:
+          Dudley.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Jo: Humfray.</span><br /> <span
+          class="smcap">W<sup>m</sup>: Coddington.</span><br /> <span
+          class="smcap">W<sup>m</sup>: Pinchon.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Atherton
+          Houghe.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Increas Nowell.</span><br />
+          <span class="smcap">Ric: Dumer.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Simon
+          Bradstrete.</span><br /></span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        New-towne, Octo<sup>r</sup> 9. 1635.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Upon the receite of y<sup>e</sup> above mentioned, they presently deputed
+      2. of theirs to treate with them, giving them full power to conclude,
+      according to the instructions they gave them, being to this purposs: that
+      if they would afford such assistance as, togeather with their owne, was
+      like to effecte the thing, and allso bear a considerable parte of y<sup>e</sup>
+      charge, they would goe on; if not, [210] they (having lost so much
+      allready) <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[400]</a></span>should
+      not be able, but must desiste, and waite further opportunitie as God
+      should give, to help them selves. But this came to nothing, for when it
+      came to y<sup>e</sup> issue, they would be at no charge, but sente them
+      this letter, and referd them more at large to their owne messengers.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: Having, upon y<sup>e</sup> consideration of your letter,
+        with y<sup>e</sup> message you sente, had some serious consultations
+        aboute y<sup>e</sup> great importance of your bussines with y<sup>e</sup>
+        French, we gave our answer to those whom you deputed to conferr w<sup>th</sup>
+        us aboute y<sup>e</sup> viage to Penobscote. We shewed our willingnes to
+        help, but withall we declared our presente condition, &amp; in what
+        state we were, for our abilitie to help; which we for our parts shall be
+        willing to improve, to procure you sufficiente supply of men &amp;
+        munition. But for matter of moneys we have no authority at all to
+        promise, and if we should, we should rather disapoynte you, then
+        incourage you by y<sup>t</sup> help, which we are not able to performe.
+        We likewise thought it fitt to take y<sup>e</sup> help of other Esterne
+        plantations; but those things we leave to your owne wisdomes. And for
+        other things we refer you to your owne com&#773;itties, who are able to
+        relate all y<sup>e</sup> passages more at large. We salute you, &amp;
+        wish you all good success in y<sup>e</sup> Lord.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:17em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your faithfull &amp; loving friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Ri: Bellingham</span>, Dep:
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          In y<sup>e</sup> name of the rest of the Comities.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Boston, Octob<sup>r</sup> 16. 1635.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This thing did not only thus breake of, but some of their merchants
+      shortly after sent to trad with them, and furnished them both with
+      provissions, &amp; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[401]</a></span>poweder
+      &amp; shott; and so have continued to doe till this day, as they have seen
+      opportunitie for their profite. So as in truth y<sup>e</sup> English them
+      selves have been the cheefest supporters of these French; for besids
+      these, the plantation at Pemaquid (which lyes near unto them) doth not
+      only supply them with what y<sup>ey</sup> wante, but gives them continuall
+      intelligence of all things that passes among y<sup>e</sup> English,
+      (espetially some of them,) so as it is no marvell though they still grow,
+      &amp; incroach more &amp; more upon y<sup>e</sup> English, and fill y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans with gunes &amp; munishtion, to y<sup>e</sup> great deanger of y<sup>e</sup>
+      English, who lye open &amp; unfortified, living upon husbandrie; and y<sup>e</sup>
+      other closed up in their forts, well fortified, and live upon trade, in
+      good securitie. If these things be not looked too, and remeady provided in
+      time, it may easily be conjectured what they may come toe; but I leave
+      them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year, y<sup>e</sup> 14. or 15. of August (being Saturday) was such a
+      mighty storme of wind &amp; raine, as none living in these parts, either
+      English or Indeans, ever saw. Being like (for y<sup>e</sup> time it
+      continued) to those Hauricanes and Tuffons that writers make mention of in
+      y<sup>e</sup> Indeas. It began in y<sup>e</sup> morning, a litle before
+      day, and grue not by degrees, but came with violence in y<sup>e</sup>
+      begining, to y<sup>e</sup> great amasmente of many. It blew downe sundry
+      [211] houses, &amp; uncovered others; diverce vessells were lost at sea,
+      and many more in extreme danger. It caused y<sup>e</sup> sea to swell (to
+      y<sup>e</sup> southward <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_402"
+      id="Page_402">[402]</a></span>of this place) above 20. foote, right up
+      &amp; downe, and made many of the Indeans to clime into trees for their
+      saftie; it tooke of y<sup>e</sup> borded roofe of a house which belonged
+      to the plantation at Manamet, and floted it to another place, the posts
+      still standing in y<sup>e</sup> ground; and if it had continued long
+      without y<sup>e</sup> shifting of y<sup>e</sup> wind, it is like it would
+      have drouned some parte of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie. It blew downe many
+      hundered thowsands of trees, turning up the stronger by the roots, and
+      breaking the hiegher pine trees of in the midle, and y<sup>e</sup> tall
+      yonge oaks &amp; walnut trees of good biggnes were wound like a withe,
+      very strang &amp; fearfull to behould. It begane in y<sup>e</sup>
+      southeast, and parted toward y<sup>e</sup> south &amp; east, and vered
+      sundry ways; but y<sup>e</sup> greatest force of it here was from y<sup>e</sup>
+      former quarters. It continued not (in y<sup>e</sup> extremitie) above 5.
+      or 6. houers, but y<sup>e</sup> violence begane to abate. The signes and
+      marks of it will remaine this 100. years in these parts wher it was
+      sorest. The moone suffered a great eclips the 2. night after it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Some of their neighbours in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, hereing of y<sup>e</sup>
+      fame of Conightecute River, had a hankering mind after it, (as was before
+      noted,) and now understanding that y<sup>e</sup> Indeans were swepte away
+      with y<sup>e</sup> late great mortalitie, the fear of whom was an obstacle
+      unto them before, which being now taken away, they begane now to prosecute
+      it with great egernes. The greatest differances fell betweene those of
+      Dorchester <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[403]</a></span>plantation
+      and them hear; for they set their minde on that place, which they had not
+      only purchased of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, but wher they had builte;
+      intending only (if they could not remove them) that they should have but a
+      smale moyety left to y<sup>e</sup> house, as to a single family; whose
+      doings and proceedings were conceived to be very injurious, to attempte
+      not only to intrude them selves into y<sup>e</sup> rights &amp;
+      possessions of others, but in effect to thrust them out of all. Many were
+      y<sup>e</sup> leters &amp; passages that went betweene them hear aboute,
+      which would be to long here to relate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I shall here first inserte a few lines that was write by their own agente
+      from thence.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: &amp;c. Y<sup>e</sup> Masschuset men are coming almost
+        dayly, some by water, &amp; some by land, who are not yet determined
+        wher to setle, though some have a great mind to y<sup>e</sup> place we
+        are upon, and which was last bought. Many of them look at that which
+        this river will not afford, excepte it be at this place which we have,
+        namly, to be a great towne, and have comodious dwellings for many
+        togeather. So as what they will doe I cannot yet resolve you; for this
+        place ther is none of them say any thing to me, but what I hear from
+        their servants (by whom I perceive their minds). I shall doe what I can
+        to withstand them. I hope they will hear reason; as that we were here
+        first, and entred with much difficulty and danger, [212] both in regard
+        of y<sup>e</sup> Dutch &amp; Indeans, and bought y<sup>e</sup> land, (to
+        your great charge, allready disbursed,) and have since held here a
+        chargable possession, and kept y<sup>e</sup> Dutch from further
+        incroaching, which would els long before this day have possessed all,
+        and kept out all others, &amp;c. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_404"
+        id="Page_404">[404]</a></span>I hope these &amp; such like arguments
+        will stoppe them. It was your will we should use their persons &amp;
+        messengers kindly, &amp; so we have done, and doe dayly, to your great
+        charge; for y<sup>e</sup> first company had well nie starved had it not
+        been for this house, for want of victuals; I being forced to supply 12.
+        men for 9. days togeather; and those which came last, I entertained the
+        best we could, helping both them (&amp; y<sup>e</sup> other) with
+        canows, &amp; guids. They gott me to goe with them to y<sup>e</sup>
+        Dutch, to see if I could procure some of them to have quiet setling nere
+        them; but they did peremtorily withstand them. But this later company
+        did not once speak therof, &amp;c. Also I gave their goods house roome
+        according to their ernest request, and M<sup>r</sup>. Pinchons letter in
+        their behalfe (which I thought good to send you, here inclosed). And
+        what trouble &amp; charge I shall be further at I know not; for they are
+        com&#773;ing dayly, and I expecte these back againe from below, whither
+        they are gone to veiw y<sup>e</sup> countrie. All which trouble &amp;
+        charg we under goe for their occasion, may give us just cause (in y<sup>e</sup>
+        judgmente of all wise &amp; understanding men) to hold and keep that we
+        are setled upon. Thus with my duty remembred, &amp;c. I rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Yours to be comanded
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Johnnath&#257; Brewster</span>.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Matianuck, July 6. 1635.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Amongst y<sup>e</sup> many agitations that pased betweene them, I shal
+      note a few out of their last letters, &amp; for y<sup>e</sup> present
+      omitte y<sup>e</sup> rest, except upon other occasion I may have fitter
+      opportunity. After their thorrow veiw of y<sup>e</sup> place, they began
+      to pitch them selves upon their land &amp; near their house; which
+      occasioned much expostulation betweene them. Some of which are such as
+      follow.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[405]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Brethren, having latly sent 2. of our body unto you, to agitate &amp;
+        bring to an issue some maters in difference betweene us, about some
+        lands at Conightecutt, unto which you lay challeng; upon which God by
+        his providence cast us, and as we conceive in a faire way of providence
+        tendered it to us, as a meete place to receive our body, now upon
+        removall.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        We shall not need to answer all y<sup>e</sup> passages of your larg
+        letter, &amp;c. But wheras you say God in his providence cast you, &amp;c.,
+        we tould you before, and (upon this occasion) must now tell you still,
+        that our mind is other wise, and y<sup>t</sup> you cast rather a
+        partiall, if not a covetous eye, upon that w<sup>ch</sup> is your
+        neigbours, and not yours; and in so doing, your way could not be faire
+        unto it. Looke y<sup>t</sup> you abuse not Gods providence in such
+        allegations.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Theirs.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Now allbeite we at first judged y<sup>e</sup> place so free y<sup>t</sup>
+        we might with Gods good leave take &amp; use it, without just offence to
+        any man, it being the Lords [213] wast, and for y<sup>e</sup> presente
+        altogeather voyd of inhabitants, that indeede minded y<sup>e</sup>
+        imploymente therof, to y<sup>e</sup> right ends for which land was
+        created, Gen: 1. 28. and for future intentions of any, &amp; uncertaine
+        possibilities of this or that to be done by any, we judging them (in
+        such a case as ours espetialy) not meete to be equalled with presente
+        actions (such as ours was) much less worthy to be prefered before them;
+        and therfore did we make some weake beginings in that good worke, in y<sup>e</sup>
+        place afforesaid.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Ans: Their answer was to this effecte. That if it was y<sup>e</sup> Lords
+      wast, it was them selves that found it so, &amp; not they; and have since
+      bought it of y<sup>e</sup> right <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_406"
+      id="Page_406">[406]</a></span>oweners, and maintained a chargable
+      possession upon it al this while, as them selves could not but know. And
+      because of present ingagments and other hinderances which lay at presente
+      upon them, must it therfore be lawfull for them to goe and take it from
+      them? It was well known that they are upon a barren place, wher they were
+      by necessitie cast; and neither they nor theirs could longe continue upon
+      y<sup>e</sup> same; and why should they (because they were more ready,
+      &amp; more able at presente) goe and deprive them of that which they had w<sup>th</sup>
+      charg &amp; hazard provided, &amp; intended to remove to, as soone as they
+      could &amp; were able?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They had another passage in their letter; they had rather have to doe with
+      the lords in England, to whom (as they heard it reported) some of them
+      should say that they had rather give up their right to them, (if they must
+      part with it,) then to y<sup>e</sup> church of Dorchester, &amp;c. And
+      that they should be less fearfull to offend y<sup>e</sup> lords, then they
+      were them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Answer: Their answer was, that what soever they had heard, (more then was
+      true,) yet y<sup>e</sup> case was not so with them that they had need to
+      give away their rights &amp; adventurs, either to y<sup>e</sup> lords, or
+      them; yet, if they might measure their fear of offence by their practise,
+      they had rather (in that poynte) they should deal with y<sup>e</sup>
+      lords, who were beter able to bear it, or help them selves, then they
+      were.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[407]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But least I should be teadious, I will forbear other things, and come to
+      the conclusion that was made in y<sup>e</sup> endd. To make any forcible
+      resistance was farr from their thoughts, (they had enough of y<sup>t</sup>
+      about Kenebeck,) and to live in continuall contention with their freinds
+      &amp; brethren would be uncomfortable, and too heavie a burden to bear.
+      Therfore for peace sake (though they conceived they suffered much in this
+      thing) they thought it better to let them have it upon as good termes as
+      they could gett; and so they fell to treaty. The first thing y<sup>t</sup>
+      (because they had made so many &amp; long disputs aboute it) they would
+      have them to grante was, y<sup>t</sup> they had right too it, or ells they
+      would never treat aboute it. The<a name="FNanchor_DP_120"
+      id="FNanchor_DP_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_DP_120" class="fnanchor">[DP]</a>
+      which being acknowledged, &amp; yeelded unto by them, this was y<sup>e</sup>
+      conclusion they came unto in y<sup>e</sup> end after much adoe: that they
+      should retaine their house, and have the 16. parte of all they had bought
+      of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans; and y<sup>e</sup> other should have all y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest of y<sup>e</sup> land; leaveing such a moyety to those [214] of
+      New-towne, as they reserved for them. This 16. part was to be taken in too
+      places; one towards y<sup>e</sup> house, the other towards New-townes
+      proporrtion. Also they were to pay according to proportion, what had been
+      disbursed to y<sup>e</sup> Indeans for y<sup>e</sup> purchass. Thus was y<sup>e</sup>
+      controversie ended, but the unkindnes not so soone forgotten. They of
+      New-towne delt more fairly, desireing only what they could <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[408]</a></span>conveniently
+      spare, from a competancie reserved for a plantation, for them selves;
+      which made them the more carfull to procure a moyety for them, in this
+      agreement &amp; distribution.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Amongst y<sup>e</sup> other bussinesses that M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow had to
+      doe in England, he had order from y<sup>e</sup> church to provid &amp;
+      bring over some able &amp; fitt man for to be their minister. And
+      accordingly he had procured a godly and a worthy<a name="FNanchor_DQ_121"
+      id="FNanchor_DQ_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_DQ_121" class="fnanchor">[DQ]</a>
+      man, one M<sup>r</sup>. Glover; but it pleased God when he was prepared
+      for the viage, he fell sick of a feaver and dyed. Afterwards, when he was
+      ready to come away, he became acquainted with M<sup>r</sup>. Norton, who
+      was willing to come over, but would not ingage him selfe to this place,
+      otherwise then he should see occasion when he came hear; and if he liked
+      better else wher, to repay y<sup>e</sup> charge laid out for him, (which
+      came to aboute 70<sup>li</sup>.) and to be at his liberty. He stayed
+      aboute a year with them, after he came over, and was well liked of them,
+      &amp; much desired by them; but he was invited to Ipswich, wher were many
+      rich &amp; able men, and sundry of his aquaintance; so he wente to them,
+      &amp; is their minister. Aboute half of y<sup>e</sup> charg was repayed, y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest he had for y<sup>e</sup> pains he tooke amongst them. <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[409]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1636" id="a1636"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1636.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="smcap">M<sup>r</sup>. Ed: Winslow</span> was chosen Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      this year.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In y<sup>e</sup> former year, because they perceived by M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslows later letters that no accounts would be sente, they resolved to
+      keep y<sup>e</sup> beaver, and send no more, till they had them, or came
+      to some further agreemente. At least they would forbear till M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslow came over, that by more full conferance with him they might better
+      understand what was meete to be done. But when he came, though he brought
+      no accounts, yet he perswaded them to send y<sup>e</sup> beaver, &amp; was
+      confident upon y<sup>e</sup> receite of y<sup>t</sup> beaver, &amp; his
+      letters, they should have accounts y<sup>e</sup> nexte year; and though
+      they thought his grounds but weake, that gave him this hope, &amp; made
+      him so confidente, yet by his importunitie they yeelded, &amp; sente y<sup>e</sup>
+      same, ther being a ship at y<sup>e</sup> latter end of year, by whom they
+      sente 1150<sup>li</sup>. waight of beaver, and 200. otter skins, besids
+      sundrie small furrs, as 55. minks, 2. black foxe skins, &amp;c. And this
+      year, in the spring, came in a Dutch man, who thought to have traded at y<sup>e</sup>
+      Dutch-forte; [215] but they would not suffer him. He, having good store of
+      trading goods, came to this place, &amp; tendred them to sell; of whom
+      they bought a good quantitie, they being very good &amp; fitte for their
+      turne, as Dutch roll, ketles, &amp;c., which goods amounted to y<sup>e</sup>
+      valew of 500<sup>li</sup>., for y<sup>e</sup> paymente of which they
+      passed <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[410]</a></span>bills
+      to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley in England, having before sente y<sup>e</sup>
+      forementioned parcell of beaver. And now this year (by another ship) sente
+      an other good round parcell that might come to his hands, &amp; be sould
+      before any of these bills should be due. The quantity of beaver now sent
+      was 1809<sup>li</sup>. waight, and of otters 10. skins, and shortly after
+      (y<sup>e</sup> same year) was sent by another ship (Mr. Langrume maister),
+      in beaver 0719<sup>li</sup>. waight, and of otter skins 199. concerning
+      which M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley thus writs.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Your leters I have received, with 8. hoggsheads of beaver by Ed:
+        Wilkinson, master of y<sup>e</sup> Falcon. Blessed be God for y<sup>e</sup>
+        safe coming of it. I have also seen &amp; acceped 3. bills of exchainge,
+        &amp;c. But I must now acquainte you how the Lords heavie hand is upon
+        this kingdom in many places, but cheefly in this cittie, with his
+        judgmente of y<sup>e</sup> plague. The last weeks bill was 1200. &amp;
+        odd, I fear this will be more; and it is much feared it will be a winter
+        sicknes. By reason wherof it is incredible y<sup>e</sup> number of
+        people y<sup>t</sup> are gone into y<sup>e</sup> cuntry &amp; left y<sup>e</sup>
+        citie. I am perswaded many more then went out y<sup>e</sup> last
+        sicknes; so as here is no trading, carriers from most places put downe;
+        nor no receiving of any money, though long due. M<sup>r</sup>. Hall ows
+        us more then would pay these bills, but he, his wife, and all, are in y<sup>e</sup>
+        cuntrie, 60. miles from London. I write to him, he came up, but could
+        not pay us. I am perswaded if I should offer to sell y<sup>e</sup>
+        beaver at 8s. p<sup>r</sup> pound, it would not yeeld money; but when y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord shall please to cease his hand, I hope we shall have better &amp;
+        quicker markets; so it shall lye by. Before I accepted y<sup>e</sup>
+        bills, I acquainted M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews
+        with them, &amp; how ther could be no money made nor <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[411]</a></span>received;
+        and that it would be a great discredite to you, which never yet had any
+        turned back, and a shame to us, haveing 1800<sup>li</sup>. of beaver
+        lying by us, and more oweing then y<sup>e</sup> bills come too, &amp;c.
+        But all was nothing; neither of them both will put too their finger to
+        help. I offered to supply my 3. parte, but they gave me their answer
+        they neither would nor could, &amp;c. How ever, your bils shall be
+        satisfied to y<sup>e</sup> parties good contente; but I would not have
+        thought they would have left either you or me at this time, &amp;c. You
+        will and may expect I should write more, &amp; answer your leters, but I
+        am not a day in y<sup>e</sup> weeke at home at towne, but carry my books
+        &amp; all to Clapham; for here is y<sup>e</sup> miserablest time y<sup>t</sup>
+        I thinke hath been known in many ages. I have know&#773; 3. great
+        sickneses, but none like this. And that which should be a means to
+        pacifie y<sup>e</sup> Lord, &amp; help us, that is taken away, preaching
+        put downe in many places, not a sermone in Westminster on y<sup>e</sup>
+        saboth, nor in many townes aboute us; y<sup>e</sup> Lord in mercie looke
+        uppon us. In the begining of y<sup>e</sup> year was a great [216]
+        drought, &amp; no raine for many weeks togeather, so as all was burnte
+        up, haye, at 5<sup>li</sup>. a load; and now all raine, so as much
+        sommer come &amp; later haye is spoyled. Thus y<sup>e</sup> Lord sends
+        judgmente after judgmente, and yet we cannot see, nor humble our selves;
+        and therfore may justly fear heavier judgments, unless we speedyly
+        repente, &amp; returne unto him, which y<sup>e</sup> Lord give us grace
+        to doe, if it be his blessed will. Thus desiring you to remember us in
+        your prayers, I ever rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your loving friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Sep<sup>t</sup>: 14. 1636.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This was all the answer they had from M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, by which M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winslow saw his hops failed him. So they now resoloved to send no more
+      beaver in y<sup>t</sup> way <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_412"
+      id="Page_412">[412]</a></span>which they had done, till they came to some
+      issue or other aboute these things. But now came over letters from M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Andrews &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp full of complaints, that they
+      marveled y<sup>t</sup> nothing was sent over, by which any of their moneys
+      should be payed in; for it did appear by y<sup>e</sup> accounte sente in
+      An<sup>o</sup> 1631. that they were each of them out, aboute a leven
+      hundered pounds a peece, and all this while had not received one penie
+      towards y<sup>e</sup> same. But now M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley sought to draw
+      more money from them, and was offended because they deneyed him; and
+      blamed them hear very much that all was sent to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley,
+      &amp; nothing to them. They marvelled much at this, for they conceived
+      that much of their moneis had been paid in, &amp; y<sup>t</sup> yearly
+      each of them had received a proportionable quantity out of y<sup>e</sup>
+      larg returnes sent home. For they had sente home since y<sup>t</sup>
+      accounte was received in An<sup>o</sup> 1631. (in which all &amp; more
+      then all their debts, w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>t</sup> years supply, was
+      charged upon them) these sumes following.
+    </p>
+    <table summary="accounts" border="0">
+      <tr>
+        <td>
+          Nov<sup>br</sup> 8.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          An<sup>o</sup> 1631.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          By M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          0400<sup>li</sup>.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          waight of beaver, &amp; otters
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          20.
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>
+          July 13.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          An<sup>o</sup> 1632.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          By M<sup>r</sup>. Griffin
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          1348<sup>li</sup>.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          beaver, &amp; otters
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          147.
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>
+          An<sup>o</sup> 1633.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          By M<sup>r</sup>. Graves
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          3366<sup>li</sup>.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          bever, &amp; otters
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          346.
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>
+          An<sup>o</sup> 1634.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          By M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          3738<sup>li</sup>.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          beaver, &amp; otters
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          234.
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>
+          An<sup>o</sup> 1635.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          By M<sup>r</sup>. Babb
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          1150<sup>li</sup>.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          beaver, &amp; otters
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          200.
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>
+          June 24.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          An<sup>o</sup> 1636.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          By M<sup>r</sup>. Wilkinson
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          1809<sup>li</sup>.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          beaver, &amp; otters
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          010.
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>
+          Ibidem.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          By M<sup>r</sup>. Langrume
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          0719<sup>li</sup>.
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          beaver, &amp; otters
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          199.
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td></td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td align="right">
+          &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;
+        </td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td align="right">
+          &mdash;&mdash;
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td></td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td align="right">
+          <a name="FNanchor_DR_122" id="FNanchor_DR_122"></a><a
+          href="#Footnote_DR_122" class="fnanchor">[DR]</a>12150<sup>li</sup>.
+        </td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td align="right">
+          1156.
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[413]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All these sumes were safly rceived &amp; well sould, as appears by leters.
+      The coat beaver usualy at 20<sup>s</sup>. p<sup>r</sup> pound, and some at
+      24<sup>s</sup>.; the skin at 15. &amp; sometimes 16. I doe not remember
+      any under 14. It may be y<sup>e</sup> last year might be something lower,
+      so also ther were some small furrs that are not recconed in this accounte,
+      &amp; some black beaver at higer rates, to make up y<sup>e</sup> defects.
+      [217] It was conceived that y<sup>e</sup> former parcells of beaver came
+      to litle less then 10000<sup>li</sup>. sterling, and y<sup>e</sup> otter
+      skins would pay all y<sup>e</sup> charge, &amp; they w<sup>th</sup> other
+      furrs make up besids if any thing wanted of y<sup>e</sup> former sume.
+      When y<sup>e</sup> former accounte was passed, all their debts (those of
+      White-Angelle &amp; Frendship included) came but to 4770<sup>li</sup>. And
+      they could not estimate that all y<sup>e</sup> supplies since sent them,
+      &amp; bills payed for them, could come to above 2000<sup>li</sup>. so as
+      they conceived their debts had been payed, with advantage or intrest. But
+      it may be objected, how comes it that they could not as well exactly sett
+      downe their receits, as their returnes, but thus estimate it. I answer, 2.
+      things were y<sup>e</sup> cause of it; the first &amp; principall was,
+      that y<sup>e</sup> new accountante, which they in England would needs
+      presse upon them, did wholy faile them, &amp; could never give them any
+      accounte; but trusting to his memorie, &amp; lose papers, let things rune
+      into such confusion, that neither he, nor any with him, could bring things
+      to rights. But being often called upon to perfecte his <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[414]</a></span>accounts,
+      he desired to have such a time, and such a time of leasure, and he would
+      doe it. In y<sup>e</sup> intrime he fell into a great sicknes, and in
+      conclusion it fell out he could make no accounte at all. His books were
+      after a litle good begining left altogeather unperfect; and his papers,
+      some were lost, &amp; others so confused, as he knew not what to make of
+      them him selfe, when they came to be searched &amp; examined. This was not
+      unknowne to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley; and they came to smarte for it to
+      purposs, (though it was not their faulte,) both thus in England, and also
+      here; for they conceived they lost some hundreds of pounds for goods
+      trusted out in y<sup>e</sup> place, which were lost for want of clear
+      accounts to call them in. Another reason of this mischeefe was, that after
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was sente into England to demand accounts, and to
+      excepte against y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell, they never had any price sent
+      with their goods, nor any certaine invoyce of them; but all things stood
+      in confusion, and they were faine to guesse at y<sup>e</sup> prises of
+      them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They write back to M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp,
+      and tould them they marveled they should write they had sent nothing home
+      since y<sup>e</sup> last accounts; for they had sente a great deale; and
+      it might rather be marveled how they could be able to send so much, besids
+      defraying all charg at home, and what they had lost by the French, and so
+      much cast away at sea, when M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce lost his ship on y<sup>e</sup>
+      coast of Virginia. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[415]</a></span>What
+      they had sente was to them all, and to them selves as well as M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Sherley, and if they did not looke after it, it was their owne falts; they
+      must referr them to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, who had received [218] it, to
+      demand it of him. They allso write to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley to y<sup>e</sup>
+      same purposs, and what the others complaints were.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year 2. shallops going to Coonigtecutt with goods from y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusetts of such as removed theither to plante, were in an easterly
+      storme cast away in coming into this harbore in y<sup>e</sup> night; the
+      boats men were lost, and the goods were driven all alonge the shore, and
+      strowed up &amp; downe at high-water marke. But y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      caused them to be gathered up, and drawn togeather, and appointed some to
+      take an inventory of them, and others to wash &amp; drie such things as
+      had neede therof; by which means most of y<sup>e</sup> goods were saved,
+      and restored to y<sup>e</sup> owners. Afterwards anotheir boate of theirs
+      (going thither likwise) was cast away near unto Manoanscusett, and such
+      goods as came a shore were preserved for them. Such crosses they mette
+      with in their beginings; which some imputed as a correction from God for
+      their intrution (to y<sup>e</sup> wrong of others) into y<sup>t</sup>
+      place. But I dare not be bould with Gods judgments in this kind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In y<sup>e</sup> year 1634, the Pequents (a stoute and warlike people),
+      who had made warrs with sundry of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_416"
+      id="Page_416">[416]</a></span>their neigbours, and puft up with many
+      victories, grue now at varience with y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets, a great
+      people bordering upon them. These Narigansets held correspondance and
+      termes of freindship with y<sup>e</sup> English of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusetts. Now y<sup>e</sup> Pequents, being conscious of y<sup>e</sup>
+      guilte of Captain-Stones death, whom they knew to be an-English man, as
+      also those y<sup>t</sup> were with him, and being fallen out with y<sup>e</sup>
+      Dutch, least they should have over many enemies at once, sought to make
+      freindship with y<sup>e</sup> English of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts; and
+      for y<sup>t</sup> end sent both messengers &amp; gifts unto them, as
+      appears by some letters sent from y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> hither.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Dear &amp; worthy S<sup>r</sup>: &amp;c. To let you know somwhat of our
+        affairs, you may understand that y<sup>e</sup> Pequents have sent some
+        of theirs to us, to desire our freindship, and offered much wampam &amp;
+        beaver, &amp;c. The first messengers were dismissed without answer; with
+        y<sup>e</sup> next we had diverce dayes conferance, and taking y<sup>e</sup>
+        advice of some of our ministers, and seeking the Lord in it, we
+        concluded a peace &amp; freindship with them, upon these conditions:
+        that they should deliver up to us those men who were guilty of Stones
+        death, &amp;c. And if we desired to plant in Conightecute, they should
+        give up their right to us, and so we would send to trade with them as
+        our freinds (which was y<sup>e</sup> cheefe thing we aimed at, being now
+        in warr with y<sup>e</sup> Dutch and y<sup>e</sup> rest of their
+        neigbours). To this they readily agreed; and that we should meadiate a
+        peace betweene them and the Narigansetts; for which end they were
+        contente we should give the Narigansets parte of y<sup>t</sup> presente,
+        they would bestow on us <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_417"
+        id="Page_417">[417]</a></span>(for they stood [219]<a
+        name="FNanchor_DS_123" id="FNanchor_DS_123"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_DS_123" class="fnanchor">[DS]</a> so much on their
+        honour, as they would not be seen to give any thing of them selves). As
+        for Captein Stone, they tould us ther were but 2. left of those who had
+        any hand in his death; and that they killed him in a just quarell, for
+        (say they) he surprised 2. of our men, and bound them, to make them by
+        force to shew him y<sup>e</sup> way up y<sup>e</sup> river;<a
+        name="FNanchor_DT_124" id="FNanchor_DT_124"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_DT_124" class="fnanchor">[DT]</a> and he with 2. other
+        coming on shore, 9. Indeans watched him, and when they were a sleepe in
+        y<sup>e</sup> night, they kiled them, to deliver their owne men; and
+        some of them going afterwards to y<sup>e</sup> pinass, it was suddainly
+        blowne up. We are now preparing to send a pinass unto them, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      In an other of his, dated y<sup>e</sup> 12. of y<sup>e</sup> first month,
+      he hath this.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Our pinass is latly returned from y<sup>e</sup> Pequents; they put of
+        but litle comoditie, and found them a very false people, so as they mean
+        to have no more to doe with them. I have diverce other things to write
+        unto you, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Yours ever assured,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Jo: Winthrop.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Boston, 12. of y<sup>e</sup> 1. month, 1634.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      After these things, and, as I take, this year, John Oldom, (of whom much
+      is spoken before,) being now an inhabitant of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts,
+      went w<sup>th</sup> a small vessell, &amp; slenderly mand, a trading into
+      these south parts, and upon a quarell betweene him &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans was cutt of by them (as hath been before noted) at an iland called
+      by y<sup>e</sup> Indeans Munisses, but since by <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_418" id="Page_418">[418]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> English Block
+      Iland. This, with y<sup>e</sup> former about the death of Stone, and the
+      baffoyling of y<sup>e</sup> Pequents with y<sup>e</sup> English of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusetts, moved them to set out some to take revenge, and require
+      satisfaction for these wrongs; but it was done so superfitially, and
+      without their acquainting of those of Conightecute &amp; other neighbours
+      with y<sup>e</sup> same, as they did litle good. But their neigbours had
+      more hurt done, for some of y<sup>e</sup> murderers of Oldome fled to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Pequents, and though the English went to y<sup>e</sup> Pequents, and had
+      some parley with them, yet they did but delude them, &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      English returned without doing any thing to purpose, being frustrate of
+      their oppertunitie by y<sup>e</sup> others deceite. After y<sup>e</sup>
+      English were returned, the Pequents tooke their time and oppertunitie to
+      cut of some of y<sup>e</sup> English as they passed in boats, and went on
+      fouling, and assaulted them y<sup>e</sup> next spring at their
+      habytations, as will appear in its place. I doe but touch these things,
+      because I make no question they wall be more fully &amp; distinctly
+      handled by them selves, who had more exacte knowledg of them, and whom
+      they did more properly concerne.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year M<sup>r</sup>. Smith layed downe his place of ministrie, partly
+      by his owne willingnes, as thinking it too heavie a burthen, and partly at
+      the desire, and by y<sup>e</sup> perswasion, of others; and the church
+      sought out for [220]<a name="FNanchor_DU_125" id="FNanchor_DU_125"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_DU_125" class="fnanchor">[DU]</a> some other, having often
+      been disappointed <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[419]</a></span>in
+      their hops and desires heretofore. And it pleased the Lord to send them an
+      able and a godly man,<a name="FNanchor_DV_126" id="FNanchor_DV_126"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_DV_126" class="fnanchor">[DV]</a> and of a meeke and
+      humble spirite, sound in y<sup>e</sup> truth, and every way unreproveable
+      in his life &amp; conversation; whom, after some time of triall, they
+      chose for their teacher, the fruits of whose labours they injoyed many
+      years with much comforte, in peace, &amp; good agreemente.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1637" id="a1637"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1637.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In y<sup>e</sup> fore parte of this year, the Pequents fell openly upon y<sup>e</sup>
+      English at Conightecute, in y<sup>e</sup> lower parts of y<sup>e</sup>
+      river, and slew sundry of them, (as they were at work in y<sup>e</sup>
+      feilds,) both men &amp; women, to y<sup>e</sup> great terrour of y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest; and wente away in great prid &amp; triumph, with many high threats.
+      They allso assalted a fort at y<sup>e</sup> rivers mouth, though strong
+      and well defended; and though they did not their prevaile, yet it struk
+      them with much fear &amp; astonishmente to see their bould attempts in the
+      face of danger; which made them in all places to stand upon their gard,
+      and to prepare for resistance, and ernestly to solissite their freinds and
+      confederats in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of Massachusets to send them speedy aide,
+      for they looked for more forcible assaults. M<sup>r</sup>. Vane, being
+      then Gov<sup>r</sup>, write from their Generall Courte to them hear, to
+      joyne with them in this warr; to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_420"
+      id="Page_420">[420]</a></span>which they were cordially willing, but tooke
+      opportunitie to write to them aboute some former things, as well as
+      presente, considerable hereaboute. The which will best appear in y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> answer which he returned to y<sup>e</sup> same, which I
+      shall here inserte.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: The Lord having so disposed, as that your letters to our
+        late Gov<sup>r</sup> is fallen to my lott to make answer unto, I could
+        have wished I might have been at more freedome of time &amp; thoughts
+        also, that I might have done it more to your &amp; my owne satisfaction.
+        But what shall be wanting now may be supplyed hereafter. For y<sup>e</sup>
+        matters which from your selfe &amp; counsell were propounded &amp;
+        objected to us, we thought not fitte to make them so publicke as y<sup>e</sup>
+        cognizance of our Generall Courte. But as they have been considered by
+        those of our counsell, this answer we thinke fitt to returne unto you.
+        (1.) Wereas you signifie your willingnes to joyne with us in this warr
+        against y<sup>e</sup> Pequents, though you cannot ingage your selves
+        without y<sup>e</sup> consente of your Generall Courte, we acknowledg
+        your good affection towards us, (which we never had cause to doubt of,)
+        and are willing to attend your full resolution, when it may most
+        seasonably be ripened. (2<sup>ly</sup>.) Wheras you make this warr to be
+        our peopls, and not [221] to conceirne your selves, otherwise then by
+        consequence, we do in parte consente to you therin; yet we suppose,
+        that, in case of perill, you will not stand upon such terms, as we hope
+        we should not doe towards you; and withall we conceive that you looke at
+        y<sup>e</sup> Pequents, and all other Indeans, as a com&#773;one enimie,
+        who, though he may take occasion of y<sup>e</sup> begining of his rage,
+        from some one parte of y<sup>e</sup> English, yet if he prevaile, will
+        surly pursue his advantage, to y<sup>e</sup> rooting out of y<sup>e</sup>
+        whole nation. Therfore when we desired your help, we did it not without
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">[421]</a></span>respecte
+        to your owne saftie, as ours. (3<sup>ly</sup>.) Wheras you desire we
+        should be ingaged to aide you, upon all like occasions; we are perswaded
+        you doe not doubte of it; yet as we now deale with you as a free people,
+        and at libertie, so as we cannot draw you into this warr with us,
+        otherwise then as reason may guid &amp; provock you; so we desire we may
+        be at y<sup>e</sup> like freedome, when any occasion may call for help
+        from us. And wheras it is objected to us, that we refused to aide you
+        against y<sup>e</sup> French; we conceive y<sup>e</sup> case was not
+        alicke; yet we cannot wholy excuse our failing in that matter. (4<sup>ly</sup>.)
+        Weras you objecte that we began y<sup>e</sup> warr without your
+        privitie, &amp; managed it contrary to your advise; the truth is, that
+        our first intentions being only against Block Iland, and y<sup>e</sup>
+        interprice seeming of small difficultie, we did not so much as consider
+        of taking advice, or looking out for aide abroad. And when we had
+        resolved upon y<sup>e</sup> Pequents, we sent presently, or not long
+        after, to you aboute it; but y<sup>e</sup> answer received, it was not
+        seasonable for us to chaing our counsells, excepte we had seen and
+        waighed your grounds, which might have out wayed our owne.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        (5<sup>ly</sup>.) For our peoples trading at Kenebeck, we assure you (to
+        our knowledge) it hath not been by any allowance from us; and what we
+        have provided in this and like cases, at our last Courte, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        E. W. can certifie you.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        And (6<sup>ly</sup>); wheras you objecte to us y<sup>t</sup> we should
+        hold trade &amp; correspondancie with y<sup>e</sup> French, your
+        enemise; we answer, you are misinformed, for, besids some letters which
+        hath passed betweene our late Gov<sup>r</sup> and them, to which we were
+        privie, we have neither sente nor incouraged ours to trade with them;
+        only one vessell or tow, for y<sup>e</sup> better conve&#257;ce of our
+        letters, had licens from our Gov<sup>r</sup> to sayle thither.<a
+        name="FNanchor_DW_127" id="FNanchor_DW_127"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_DW_127" class="fnanchor">[DW]</a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_422" id="Page_422">[422]</a></span>Diverce
+        other things have been privatly objected to us, by our worthy freind,
+        wherunto he received some answer; but most of them concerning y<sup>e</sup>
+        apprehention of perticuler discurteseis, or injueries from some
+        perticuler persons amongst us. It concernes us not to give any other
+        answer to them then this; that, if y<sup>e</sup> offenders shall be
+        brought forth in a right way, we shall be ready to doe justice as y<sup>e</sup>
+        case shall require. In the meane time, we desire you to rest assured,
+        that such things are without our privity, and not a litle greeveous to
+        us.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Now for y<sup>e</sup> joyning with us in this warr, which indeed
+        concerns us no other wise then it may your selves, viz.: the releeving
+        of our freinds &amp; Christian [222] breethren, who are now first in y<sup>e</sup>
+        danger; though you may thinke us able to make it good without you, (as,
+        if y<sup>e</sup> Lord please to be with us, we may,) yet 3. things we
+        offer to your consideration, which (we conceive) may have some waight
+        with you. (First) y<sup>t</sup> if we should sinck under this burden,
+        your opportunitie of seasonable help would be lost in 3. respects. 1.
+        You cannot recover us, or secure your selves ther, with 3. times y<sup>e</sup>
+        charge &amp; hazard which now y<sup>e</sup> may. 2<sup>ly</sup>. The
+        sorrowes which we should lye under (if through your neglect) would much
+        abate of y<sup>e</sup> acceptablenes of your help afterwards. 3<sup>ly</sup>.
+        Those of yours who are now full of courage and forwardnes, would be much
+        damped, and so less able to undergoe so great a burden. The (2.) thing
+        is this, that it concernes us much to hasten this warr to an end before
+        y<sup>e</sup> end of this somer, otherwise y<sup>e</sup> newes of it
+        will discourage both your &amp; our freinds from coming to us next year;
+        with what further hazard &amp; losse it may expose us unto, your selves
+        may judge.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The (3.) thing is this, that if y<sup>e</sup> Lord shall please to
+        blesse our endeaours, so as we end y<sup>e</sup> warr, or put it in a
+        hopefull way without you, it may breed such ill thoughts in our people
+        towards yours, as will be hard to entertaine <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_423" id="Page_423">[423]</a></span>such opinione of your good
+        will towards us, as were fitt to be nurished among such neigbours &amp;
+        brethren as we are. And what ill consequences may follow, on both sids,
+        wise men may fear, &amp; would rather prevente then hope to redress. So
+        with my harty salutations to you selfe, and all your counsell, and other
+        our good freinds with you, I rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Yours most assured in y<sup>e</sup> Lord,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Jo: Winthrop.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Boston, y<sup>e</sup> 20. of y<sup>e</sup> 3. month, 1637.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      In y<sup>e</sup> mean time, the Pequents, espetially in y<sup>e</sup>
+      winter before, sought to make peace with y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets, and
+      used very pernicious arguments to move them therunto: as that y<sup>e</sup>
+      English were stranegers and begane to overspred their countrie, and would
+      deprive them therof in time, if they were suffered to grow &amp; increse;
+      and if y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets did assist y<sup>e</sup> English to
+      subdue them, they did but make way for their owne overthrow, for if they
+      were rooted out, the English would soone take occasion to subjugate them;
+      and if they would harken to them, they should not neede to fear y<sup>e</sup>
+      strength of y<sup>e</sup> English; for they would not come to open battle
+      with them, but fire their houses, kill their katle, and lye in ambush for
+      them as they went abroad upon their occasions; and all this they might
+      easily doe without any or litle danger to them selves. The which course
+      being held, they well saw the English could not long subsiste, but they
+      would either be starved with hunger, or be forced to forsake the countrie;
+      with many y<sup>e</sup> like things; insomuch <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_424" id="Page_424">[424]</a></span>that y<sup>e</sup>
+      Narigansets were once wavering, and were halfe minded to have made peace
+      with them, and joy&#773;ed against y<sup>e</sup> English. But againe when
+      they considered, how much wrong they had received from the Pequents, and
+      what an oppertunitie they now had by y<sup>e</sup> help of y<sup>e</sup>
+      English to right them selves, revenge was so sweete unto them, as it
+      prevailed above all y<sup>e</sup> rest; so as they resolved to joyne with
+      y<sup>e</sup> English against them, &amp; did. [223] The Court here agreed
+      forwith to send 50. men at their owne charg; and w<sup>th</sup> as much
+      speed as posiblie they could, gott them armed, and had made them ready
+      under sufficiente leaders, and provided a barke to carrie them provisions
+      &amp; tend upon them for all occasions; but when they were ready to march
+      (with a supply from y<sup>e</sup> Bay) they had word to stay, for y<sup>e</sup>
+      enimy was as good as vanquished, and their would be no neede.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I shall not take upon me exactly to describe their proceedings in these
+      things, because I expecte it will be fully done by them selves, who best
+      know the carrage &amp; circumstances of things; I shall therfore but touch
+      them in generall. From Connightecute (who were most sencible of y<sup>e</sup>
+      hurt sustained, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> present danger), they sett out a
+      partie of men, and an other partie mett them from y<sup>e</sup> Bay, at y<sup>e</sup>
+      Narigansets, who were to joyne with them. Y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets were
+      ernest to be gone before y<sup>e</sup> English were well rested and
+      refreshte, espetially some of them which came last. <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_425" id="Page_425">[425]</a></span>It should seeme their desire
+      was to come upon y<sup>e</sup> enemie sudenly, &amp; undiscovered. Ther
+      was a barke of this place, newly put in ther, which was come from
+      Conightecutte, who did incourage them to lay hold of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans
+      forwardnes, and to shew as great forwardnes as they, for it would incorage
+      them, and expedition might prove to their great advantage. So they went
+      on, and so ordered their march, as the Indeans brought them to a forte of
+      y<sup>e</sup> enimies (in which most of their cheefe men were) before day.
+      They approached y<sup>e</sup> same with great silence, and surrounded it
+      both with English &amp; Indeans, that they might not breake out; and so
+      assualted them with great courage, shooting amongst them, and entered y<sup>e</sup>
+      forte with all speed; and those y<sup>t</sup> first entered found sharp
+      resistance from the enimie, who both shott at &amp; grapled with them;
+      others rane into their howses, &amp; brought out fire, and sett them on
+      fire, which soone tooke in their matts, &amp;, standing close togeather,
+      with y<sup>e</sup> wind, all was quickly on a flame, and therby more were
+      burnte to death then was otherwise slain; it burnte their bowstrings, and
+      made them unservisable. Those y<sup>t</sup> scaped y<sup>e</sup> fire were
+      slaine with y<sup>e</sup> sword; some hewed to peeces, others rune throw
+      with their rapiers, so as they were quickly dispatchte, and very few
+      escaped. It was conceived they thus destroyed about 400. at this time. It
+      was a fearfull sight to see them thus frying in y<sup>e</sup> fyer, and y<sup>e</sup>
+      streams of blood <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">[426]</a></span>quenching
+      y<sup>e</sup> same, and horrible was y<sup>e</sup> stinck &amp; sente ther
+      of; but y<sup>e</sup> victory seemed a sweete sacrifice, and they gave the
+      prays therof to God, who had wrought so wonderfuly for them, thus to
+      inclose their enimise in their hands, and give them so speedy a victory
+      over so proud &amp; insulting an enimie. The Narigansett Indeans, all this
+      while, stood round aboute, but aloofe from all danger, and left y<sup>e</sup>
+      whole [224] execution to y<sup>e</sup> English, exept it were y<sup>e</sup>
+      stoping of any y<sup>t</sup> broke away, insulting over their enimies in
+      this their ruine &amp; miserie, when they saw them dancing in y<sup>e</sup>
+      flames, calling them by a word in their owne language, signifing, O brave
+      Pequents! which they used familierly among them selves in their own
+      prayes, in songs of triumph after their victories. After this servis was
+      thus happily accomplished, they marcht to the water side, wher they mett
+      with some of their vesells, by which they had refreishing with victualls
+      &amp; other necessaries. But in their march y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Pequents drew into a body, and acoasted them, thinking to have some
+      advantage against them by<a name="FNanchor_DX_128" id="FNanchor_DX_128"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_DX_128" class="fnanchor">[DX]</a> reason of a neck of
+      land; but when they saw the English prepare for them, they kept a loofe,
+      so as they neither did hurt, nor could receive any. After their
+      refreishing &amp; repair to geather for further counsell &amp; directions,
+      they resolved to pursue their victory, and follow y<sup>e</sup> warr
+      against y<sup>e</sup> rest, but y<sup>e</sup> Narigansett Indeans <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_427" id="Page_427">[427]</a></span>most of
+      them forsooke them, and such of them as they had with them for guids, or
+      otherwise, they found them very could and backward in y<sup>e</sup>
+      bussines, ether out of envie, or y<sup>t</sup> they saw y<sup>e</sup>
+      English would make more profite of y<sup>e</sup> victorie then they were
+      willing they should, or els deprive them of such advantage as them selves
+      desired by having them become tributaries unto them, or y<sup>e</sup>
+      like.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For y<sup>e</sup> rest of this bussines, I shall only relate y<sup>e</sup>
+      same as it is in a leter which came from M<sup>r</sup>. Winthrop to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gov<sup>r</sup> hear, as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Worthy S<sup>r</sup>: I received your loving letter, and am much
+        provocked to express my affections towards you, but straitnes of time
+        forbids me; for my desire is to acquainte you with y<sup>e</sup> Lords
+        greate mercies towards us, in our prevailing against his &amp; our
+        enimies; that you may rejoyce and praise his name with us. About 80. of
+        our men, haveing costed along towards y<sup>e</sup> Dutch plantation,
+        (some times by water, but most by land,) mett hear &amp; ther with some
+        Pequents, whom they slew or tooke prisoners. 2. sachems they tooke,
+        &amp; beheaded; and not hearing of Sassacous, (the cheefe sachem,) they
+        gave a prisoner his life, to goe and find him out. He wente and brought
+        them word where he was, but Sassacouse, suspecting him to be a spie,
+        after he was gone, fled away with some 20. more to y<sup>e</sup>
+        Mowakes, so our men missed of him. Yet, deviding them selves, and
+        ranging up &amp; downe, as y<sup>e</sup> providence of God guided them
+        (for y<sup>e</sup> Indeans were all gone, save 3. or 4. and they knew
+        not whither to guid them, or els would not), upon y<sup>e</sup> 13. of
+        this month, they light upon a great company of them, viz. 80. strong
+        men, &amp; 200. women &amp; children, in a small Indean <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[428]</a></span>towne,
+        fast by a hideous swamp, which they all slipped into before our men
+        could gett to them. Our captains were not then come togeither, but ther
+        was M<sup>r</sup>. Ludlow and Captaine Masson, with some 10. [225] of
+        their men, &amp; Captaine Patrick with some 20. or more of his, who,
+        shooting at y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, Captaine Trask with 50. more came
+        soone in at y<sup>e</sup> noyse. Then they gave order to surround y<sup>e</sup>
+        swampe, it being aboute a mile aboute; but Levetenante Davenporte &amp;
+        some 12. more, not hearing that com&#773;and, fell into y<sup>e</sup>
+        swampe among y<sup>e</sup> Indeans. The swampe was so thicke with
+        shrub-woode, &amp; so boggie with all, that some of them stuck fast, and
+        received many shott. Levetenant Davenport was dangerously wounded aboute
+        his armehole, and another shott in y<sup>e</sup> head, so as, fainting,
+        they were in great danger to have been taken by y<sup>e</sup> Indeans.
+        But Sargante Rigges, &amp; Jeffery, and 2. or 3. more, rescued them, and
+        slew diverse of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans with their swords. After they were
+        drawne out, the Indeans desired parley, &amp; were offered (by Thomas
+        Stanton, our interpretour) that, if they would come out, and yeeld them
+        selves, they should have their lives, all that had not their hands in y<sup>e</sup>
+        English blood. Wherupon y<sup>e</sup> sachem of y<sup>e</sup> place came
+        forth, and an old man or 2. &amp; their wives and children, and after
+        that some other women &amp; children, and so they spake 2. howers, till
+        it was night. Then Thomas Stanton was sente into them againe, to call
+        them forth; but they said they would selle their lives their, and so
+        shott at him so thicke as, if he had not cried out, and been presently
+        rescued, they had slaine him. Then our men cutt of a place of y<sup>e</sup>
+        swampe with their swords, and cooped the Indeans into so narrow a
+        compass, as they could easier kill them throw y<sup>e</sup> thickets. So
+        they continued all y<sup>e</sup> night, standing aboute 12. foote one
+        from an other, and y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, coming close up to our men,
+        shot their arrows so thicke, as they pierced their hatte brimes, &amp;
+        their sleeves, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_429" id="Page_429">[429]</a></span>&amp;
+        stockins, &amp; other parts of their cloaths, yet so miraculously did
+        the Lord preserve them as not one of them was wounded, save those 3. who
+        rashly went into y<sup>e</sup> swampe. When it was nere day, it grue
+        very darke, so as those of them which were left dropt away betweene our
+        men, though they stood but 12. or 14. foote assunder; but were presenly
+        discovered, &amp; some killed in y<sup>e</sup> pursute. Upon searching
+        of y<sup>e</sup> swampe, y<sup>e</sup> next morning, they found 9.
+        slaine, &amp; some they pulled up, whom y<sup>e</sup> Indeans had buried
+        in y<sup>e</sup> mire, so as they doe thinke that, of all this company,
+        not 20. did escape, for they after found some who dyed in their flight
+        of their wounds received. The prisoners were devided, some to those of y<sup>e</sup>
+        river, and the rest to us. Of these we send y<sup>e</sup> male children
+        to Bermuda,<a name="FNanchor_DY_129" id="FNanchor_DY_129"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_DY_129" class="fnanchor">[DY]</a> by M<sup>r</sup>.
+        William Peirce, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> women &amp; maid children are
+        disposed aboute in the townes. Ther have been now slaine &amp; taken, in
+        all, aboute 700. The rest are dispersed, and the Indeans in all quarters
+        so terrified as all their friends are affraid to receive them. 2. of y<sup>e</sup>
+        sachems of Long Iland came to M<sup>r</sup>. Stoughton and tendered them
+        selves to be tributaries under our protection. And 2. of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Neepnett sachems have been with me to seeke our frendship. Amonge the
+        prisoners we have y<sup>e</sup> wife &amp; children of Mononotto, a
+        womon of a very modest countenance and behaviour. It was by her
+        mediation that the<a name="FNanchor_DZ_130" id="FNanchor_DZ_130"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_DZ_130" class="fnanchor">[DZ]</a> 2. English [226] maids
+        were spared from death, and were kindly used by her; so that I have
+        taken charge of her. One of her first requests was, that the English
+        would not abuse her body, and that her children might not be taken from
+        her. Those which were wounded were fetched of soone by John Galopp, who
+        came with his shalop in a happie houre, to bring them victuals, and to
+        carrie their wounded men to y<sup>e</sup> pinass, wher our cheefe
+        surgeon was, w<sup>th</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_430" id="Page_430">[430]</a></span>Willson, being aboute 8.
+        leagues off. Our people are all in health, (y<sup>e</sup> Lord be
+        praised,) and allthough they had marched in their armes all y<sup>e</sup>
+        day, and had been in fight all y<sup>e</sup> night, yet they professed
+        they found them selves so fresh as they could willingly have gone to
+        such another bussines.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        This is y<sup>e</sup> substance of that which I received, though I am
+        forced to omite many considerable circomstances. So, being in much
+        straitnes of time, (the ships being to departe within this 4. days, and
+        in them the Lord Lee and M<sup>r</sup>. Vane,) I hear breake of, and
+        with harty saluts to, &amp;c., I rest
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Yours assured,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Jo: Winthrop.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        The 28. of y<sup>e</sup> 5. month, 1637.
+      </div>
+      <p>
+        The captains reporte we have slaine 13. sachems; but Sassacouse &amp;
+        Monotto are yet living.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      That I may make an end of this matter: this Sassacouse (y<sup>e</sup>
+      Pequents cheefe sachem) being fled to y<sup>e</sup> Mowhakes, they cutt of
+      his head, with some other of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of them, whether to
+      satisfie y<sup>e</sup> English, or rather y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets, (who,
+      as I have since heard, hired them to doe it,) or for their owne advantage,
+      I well know not; but thus this warr tooke end. The rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Pequents were wholy driven from their place, and some of them submitted
+      them selves to y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets, &amp; lived under them; others
+      of them betooke them selves to y<sup>e</sup> Monhiggs, under Uncass, their
+      sachem, w<sup>th</sup> the approbation of y<sup>e</sup> English of
+      Conightecutt, under whose protection Uncass lived, and he and his men had
+      been faithful to them in this warr, &amp; done them very good service. But
+      this did so vexe <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_431" id="Page_431">[431]</a></span>the
+      Narrigansetts, that they had not y<sup>e</sup> whole sweay over them, as
+      they have never ceased plotting and contriving how to bring them under,
+      and because they cannot attaine their ends, because of y<sup>e</sup>
+      English who have protected them, they have sought to raise a generall
+      conspiracie against y<sup>e</sup> English, as will appear in an other
+      place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They had now letters againe out of England from M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews
+      &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, that M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley neither had nor
+      would pay them any money, or give them any accounte, and so with much
+      discontent desired them hear to send them some, much blaming them still,
+      that they had sent all to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, &amp; none to them
+      selves. Now, though they might have justly referred them to their former
+      answer, and insisted ther upon, &amp; some wise men counselled them so to
+      doe, yet because they beleeved that [227] they were realy out round sumes
+      of money, (espetialy M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews,) and they had some in their
+      hands, they resolved to send them what bever they had.<a
+      name="FNanchor_EA_131" id="FNanchor_EA_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_EA_131"
+      class="fnanchor">[EA]</a> M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys letters were to this
+      purpose: that, as they had left him in y<sup>e</sup> paiment of y<sup>e</sup>
+      former bills, so he had tould them he would leave them in this, and
+      beleeve it, they should find it true. And he was as good as his word, for
+      they could never gett peney from him, nor bring him to any accounte,
+      though Mr. Beachamp sued him in y<sup>e</sup> Chancerie. But they all of
+      them turned their complaints <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_432"
+      id="Page_432">[432]</a></span>against them here, wher ther was least
+      cause, and who had suffered most unjustly; first from M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allerton &amp; them, in being charged with so much of y<sup>t</sup> which
+      they never had, nor drunke for; and now in paying all, &amp; more then all
+      (as they conceived), and yet still thus more demanded, and that with many
+      heavie charges. They now discharged M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley from his
+      agencie, and forbad him to buy or send over any more goods for them, and
+      prest him to come to some end about these things.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1638" id="a1638"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1638.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year M<sup>r</sup>. Thomas Prence was chosen Gov<sup>r</sup>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Amongst other enormities that fell out amongst them, this year 3. men were
+      (after due triall) executed for robery &amp; murder which they had
+      committed; their names were these, Arthur Peach, Thomas Jackson, and
+      Richard Stinnings; ther was a 4., Daniel Crose, who was also guilty, but
+      he escaped away, and could not be found. This Arthur Peach was y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheefe of them, and y<sup>e</sup> ring leader of all y<sup>e</sup> rest.
+      He was a lustie and a desperate yonge man, and had been one of y<sup>e</sup>
+      souldiers in y<sup>e</sup> Pequente warr, and had done as good servise as
+      y<sup>e</sup> most ther, and one of y<sup>e</sup> forwardest in any
+      attempte. And being now out of means, and loath to worke, and falling to
+      idle courses &amp; company, he intended to goe to y<sup>e</sup> Dutch
+      plantation; and had alured these 3., being other mens servants and
+      apprentices, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_433" id="Page_433">[433]</a></span>to
+      goe with him. But another cause ther was allso of his secret going away in
+      this maner; he was not only rune into debte, but he had gott a maid with
+      child, (which was not known till after his death,) a mans servante in y<sup>e</sup>
+      towne, and fear of punishmente made him gett away. The other 3.
+      complotting with him, ranne away from their maisters in the night, and
+      could not be heard of, for they went not y<sup>e</sup> ordinarie way, but
+      shaped such a course as they thought to avoyd y<sup>e</sup> pursute of any
+      [228]. But falling into y<sup>e</sup> way that lyeth betweene y<sup>e</sup>
+      Bay of Massachusetts and the Narrigansets, and being disposed to rest them
+      selves, struck fire, and took tobaco, a litle out of y<sup>e</sup> way, by
+      y<sup>e</sup> way side. At length ther came a Narigansett Indean by, who
+      had been in y<sup>e</sup> Bay a trading, and had both cloth &amp; beads
+      aboute him. (They had meett him y<sup>e</sup> day before, &amp; he was now
+      returning.) Peach called him to drinke tobaco with them, and he came &amp;
+      sate downe with them. Peach tould y<sup>e</sup> other he would kill him,
+      and take what he had from him. But they were some thing afraid; but he
+      said, Hang him, rogue, he had killed many of them. So they let him alone
+      to doe as he would; and when he saw his time, he tooke a rapier and rane
+      him through the body once or twise, and tooke from him 5. fathume of
+      wampam, and 3. coats of cloath, and wente their way, leaving him for dead.
+      But he scrabled away, when they were gone, and made shift to gett home,
+      (but dyed within <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[434]</a></span>a
+      few days after,) by which means they were discovered; and by subtilty the
+      Indeans tooke them. For they desiring a canow to sett them over a water,
+      (not thinking their facte had been known,) by y<sup>e</sup> sachems
+      command they were carried to Aquidnett Iland, &amp; ther accused of y<sup>e</sup>
+      murder, and were examend &amp; comitted upon it by y<sup>e</sup> English
+      ther. The Indeans sent for M<sup>r</sup>. Williams, &amp; made a greeveous
+      complainte; his freinds and kinred were ready to rise in armes, and
+      provock the rest therunto, some conceiving they should now find y<sup>e</sup>
+      Pequents words trew: that y<sup>e</sup> English would fall upon them. But
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Williams pacified them, &amp; tould them, they should see
+      justice done upon y<sup>e</sup> offenders; &amp; wente to y<sup>e</sup>
+      man, &amp; tooke M<sup>r</sup>. James, a phisition, with him. The man
+      tould him who did it, &amp; in what maner it was done; but the phisition
+      found his wounds mortall, and that he could not live, (as he after
+      testified upon othe, before the jurie in oppen courte,) and so he dyed
+      shortly after, as both Mr. Williams, M<sup>r</sup>. James, &amp; some
+      Indeans testified in courte. The Gov<sup>rt</sup> in the Bay were aquented
+      with it, but refferrd it hither, because it was done in this jurisdiction;<a
+      name="FNanchor_EB_132" id="FNanchor_EB_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_EB_132"
+      class="fnanchor">[EB]</a> but pressed by all means y<sup>t</sup> justice
+      might be done in it; or els y<sup>e</sup> countrie must rise &amp; see
+      justice done, otherwise it would raise a warr. Yet some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      rude &amp; ignorante sorte murmured that any <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_435" id="Page_435">[435]</a></span>English should be put to
+      death for y<sup>e</sup> Indeans. So at last they of y<sup>e</sup> iland
+      brought them hither, and being often examened, and y<sup>e</sup> evidence
+      prodused, they all in the end freely confessed in effect all y<sup>t</sup>
+      the Indean accused them of, &amp; that they had done it, in y<sup>e</sup>
+      maner afforesaid; and so, upon y<sup>e</sup> forementioned evidence, were
+      cast by y<sup>e</sup> jurie, &amp; condemned, &amp; executed for the same.
+      And some of y<sup>e</sup> Narigansett Indeans, &amp; of y<sup>e</sup>
+      parties freinds, were presente when it was done, which gave them &amp; all
+      y<sup>e</sup> countrie good satisfaction. But it was a matter of much
+      sadnes to them hear, and was y<sup>e</sup> 2. execution which they had
+      since they came; being both for wilfull murder, as hath bene before
+      related. Thus much of this mater.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [229] They received this year more letters from England full of reneued
+      complaints, on y<sup>e</sup> one side, that they could gett no money nor
+      accounte from M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley; &amp; he againe, y<sup>t</sup> he
+      was pressed therto, saying he was to accounte with those hear, and not
+      with them, &amp;c. So, as was before resolved, if nothing came of their
+      last letters, they would now send them what they could, as supposing, when
+      some good parte was payed them, that M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley &amp; they
+      would more easily agree aboute y<sup>e</sup> remainder.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So they sent to M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews and M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, by M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Joseph Yonge, in y<sup>e</sup> Mary &amp; Anne, 1325<sup>li</sup>. waight
+      of beaver, devided betweene them. M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp returned an
+      accounte of his moyety, that he made 400<sup>li</sup>. <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[436]</a></span>starling
+      of it, fraight and all charges paid. But M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, though he
+      had y<sup>e</sup> more and beter parte, yet he made not so much of his,
+      through his owne indiscretion; and yet turned y<sup>e</sup> loss<a
+      name="FNanchor_EC_133" id="FNanchor_EC_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_EC_133"
+      class="fnanchor">[EC]</a> upon them hear, but without cause.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They sent them more by bills &amp; other paimente, which was received
+      &amp; acknowledged by them, in money<a name="FNanchor_ED_134"
+      id="FNanchor_ED_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_ED_134" class="fnanchor">[ED]</a>
+      &amp; y<sup>e</sup> like; which was for katle sould of M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allertons, and y<sup>e</sup> price of a bark sold, which belonged to y<sup>e</sup>
+      stock, and made over to them in money, 434<sup>li</sup>. sterling. The
+      whole sume was 1234<sup>li</sup>. sterling, save what M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Andrews lost in y<sup>e</sup> beaver, which was otherwise made good. But
+      yet this did not stay their clamors, as will apeare here after more at
+      large.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It pleased God, in these times, so to blesse y<sup>e</sup> cuntry with
+      such access &amp; confluance of people into it, as it was therby much
+      inriched, and catle of all kinds stood at a high rate for diverce years
+      together. Kine were sould at 20<sup>li</sup>. and some at 25<sup>li</sup>.
+      a peece, yea, some times at 28<sup>li</sup>. A cow-calfe usually at 10<sup>li</sup>.
+      A milch goate at 3<sup>li</sup>. &amp; some at 4<sup>li</sup>. And femall
+      kids at 30<sup>s</sup>. and often at 40<sup>s</sup>. a peece. By which
+      means y<sup>e</sup> anciente planters which had any stock begane to grow
+      in their estats. Corne also wente at a round rate, viz. 6<sup>s</sup>. a
+      bushell. So as other trading begane to be neglected; and the old partners
+      (having now forbidden M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley to send them any more goods)
+      broke of their trade at <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_437"
+      id="Page_437">[437]</a></span>Kenebeck, and, as things stood, would follow
+      it no longer. But some of them, (with other they joyned with,) being loath
+      it should be lost by discontinuance, agreed with y<sup>e</sup> company for
+      it, and gave them aboute y<sup>e</sup> 6. parte of their gaines for it;
+      [230]<a name="FNanchor_EE_135" id="FNanchor_EE_135"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_EE_135" class="fnanchor">[EE]</a> with y<sup>e</sup> first
+      fruits of which they builte a house for a prison; and the trade ther hath
+      been since continued, to y<sup>e</sup> great benefite of y<sup>e</sup>
+      place; for some well fore-sawe that these high prises of corne and catle
+      would not long continue, and that then y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;odities ther
+      raised would be much missed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This year, aboute y<sup>e</sup> 1. or 2. of June, was a great &amp;
+      fearfull earthquake; it was in this place heard before it was felte. It
+      came with a rumbling noyse, or low murmure, like unto remoate thunder; it
+      came from y<sup>e</sup> norward, &amp; pased southward. As y<sup>e</sup>
+      noyse aproched nerer, they earth begane to shake, and came at length with
+      that violence as caused platters, dishes, &amp; such like things as stoode
+      upon shelves, to clatter &amp; fall downe; yea, persons were afraid of y<sup>e</sup>
+      houses them selves. It so fell oute y<sup>t</sup> at y<sup>e</sup> same
+      time diverse of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of this towne were mett together at
+      one house, conferring with some of their freinds that were upon their
+      removall from y<sup>e</sup> place, (as if y<sup>e</sup> Lord would herby
+      shew y<sup>e</sup> signes of his displeasure, in their shaking a peeces
+      &amp; removalls one from an other.) How ever it was very terrible for y<sup>e</sup>
+      time, and as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_438" id="Page_438">[438]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      men were set talking in y<sup>e</sup> house, some women &amp; others were
+      without y<sup>e</sup> dores, and y<sup>e</sup> earth shooke with y<sup>t</sup>
+      violence as they could not stand without catching hould of y<sup>e</sup>
+      posts &amp; pails y<sup>t</sup> stood next them; but y<sup>e</sup>
+      violence lasted not long. And about halfe an hower, or less, came an other
+      noyse &amp; shaking, but nether so loud nor strong as y<sup>e</sup>
+      former, but quickly passed over; and so it ceased. It was not only on y<sup>e</sup>
+      sea coast, but y<sup>e</sup> Indeans felt it within land; and some ships
+      that were upon y<sup>e</sup> coast were shaken by it. So powerfull is y<sup>e</sup>
+      mighty hand of y<sup>e</sup> Lord, as to make both the earth &amp; sea to
+      shake, and the mountaines to tremble before him, when he pleases; and who
+      can stay his hand? It was observed that y<sup>e</sup> som&#773;ers, for
+      divers years togeather after this earthquake, were not so hotte &amp;
+      seasonable for y<sup>e</sup> ripning of corne &amp; other fruits as
+      formerly; but more could &amp; moyst, &amp; subjecte to erly &amp; untimly
+      frosts, by which, many times, much Indean corne came not to maturitie; but
+      whether this was any cause, I leave it to naturallists to judge.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1639" id="a1639"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1639. &amp; Anno Dom: 1640.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These 2. years I joyne togeather, because in them fell not out many things
+      more then y<sup>e</sup> ordinary passages of their com&#773;one affaires,
+      which are not needfull to be touched. [231] Those of this plantation
+      having at sundrie times granted lands for severall <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_439" id="Page_439">[439]</a></span>townships, and amongst y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest to y<sup>e</sup> inhabitants of Sityate, some wherof issewed from
+      them selves, and allso a large tracte of land was given to their 4. London
+      partners in y<sup>e</sup> place, viz. M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Beacham, M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley. At M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Hatherley's request and choys it was by him taken for him selfe and them
+      in y<sup>t</sup> place; for the other 3. had invested him with power &amp;
+      trust to chose for them. And this tracte of land extended to their utmoste
+      limets that way, and bordered on their neigbours of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Massachusets, who had some years after seated a towne (called Hingam) on
+      their lands next to these parts. So as now ther grue great differance
+      betweene these 2. townships, about their bounds, and some meadow grownds
+      that lay betweene them. They of Hingam presumed to alotte parte of them to
+      their people, and measure &amp; stack them out. The other pulled up their
+      stacks, &amp; threw them. So it grew to a controversie betweene the 2.
+      goverments, &amp; many letters and passages were betweene them aboute it;
+      and it hunge some 2. years in suspense. The Courte of Massachusets,
+      appointed some to range their line according to y<sup>e</sup> bounds of
+      their patente, and (as they wente to worke) they made it to take in all
+      Sityate, and I know not how much more. Againe, on y<sup>e</sup> other
+      hand, according to y<sup>e</sup> line of the patente of this place, it
+      would take in Hingame and much more within their bounds.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_440" id="Page_440">[440]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In y<sup>e</sup> end boath Courts agreed to chose 2. comissioners of each
+      side, and to give them full &amp; absolute power to agree and setle y<sup>e</sup>
+      bounds betwene them; and what they should doe in y<sup>e</sup> case should
+      stand irrevocably. One meeting they had at Hingam, but could not conclude;
+      for their comissioners stoode stiffly on a clawes in their graunte, That
+      from Charles-river, or any branch or parte therof, they were to extend
+      their limits, and 3. myles further to y<sup>e</sup> southward; or from y<sup>e</sup>
+      most southward parte of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets Bay, and 3. mile
+      further. But they chose to stand on y<sup>e</sup> former termes, for they
+      had found a smale river, or brooke rather, that a great way with in land
+      trended southward, and issued into some part of y<sup>t</sup> river taken
+      to be Charles-river, and from y<sup>e</sup> most southerly part of this,
+      &amp; 3. mile more southward of y<sup>e</sup> same, they would rune a line
+      east to y<sup>e</sup> sea, aboute 20. mile; which will (say they) take in
+      a part of Plimoth itselfe. Now it is to be knowne y<sup>t</sup> though
+      this patente &amp; plantation were much the ancienter, yet this
+      inlargemente of the same (in which Sityate stood) was granted after
+      theirs, and so theirs were first to take place, before this inlargmente.
+      Now their answer was, first, that, however according to their owne plan,
+      they could noway come upon any part of their ancieante grante. [232]
+      Secondly. They could never prove y<sup>t</sup> to be a parte of
+      Charles-river, for they knew not which was Charles-river, but as y<sup>e</sup>
+      people of this <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_441" id="Page_441">[441]</a></span>place,
+      which came first, imposed such a name upon y<sup>t</sup> river, upon
+      which, since, Charles-towne is builte (supposing y<sup>t</sup> was it,
+      which Captaine Smith in his mapp so named). Now they y<sup>t</sup> first
+      named it have best reason to know it, and to explaine which is it. But
+      they only tooke it to be Charles river, as fare as it was by them
+      navigated, and y<sup>t</sup> was as farr as a boate could goe. But y<sup>t</sup>
+      every runlett or small brooke, y<sup>t</sup> should, farr within land,
+      come into it, or mixe their stremes with it, and were by y<sup>e</sup>
+      natives called by other &amp; differente names from it, should now by them
+      be made Charles-river, or parts of it, they saw no reason for it. And gave
+      instance in Humber, in Old England, which had y<sup>e</sup> Trente, Ouse,
+      and many others of lesser note fell into it, and yet were not counted
+      parts of it; and many smaler rivers &amp; broks fell into y<sup>e</sup>
+      Trente, &amp; Ouse, and no parts of them, but had nams aparte, and
+      divisions &amp; nominations of them selves. Againe, it was pleaded that
+      they had no east line in their patente, but were to begine at y<sup>e</sup>
+      sea, and goe west by a line, &amp;c. At this meeting no conclution was
+      made, but things discussed &amp; well prepared for an issue. The next year
+      y<sup>e</sup> same com&#773;issioners had their power continued or
+      renewed, and mett at Sityate, and concluded y<sup>e</sup> mater, as
+      followeth.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_442" id="Page_442">[442]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>The agreemente of y<sup>e</sup> bounds betwixte Plimoth and
+        Massachusetts.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Wheras ther were tow comissiones granted by y<sup>e</sup> 2.
+        jurisdictions, y<sup>e</sup> one of Massachsets Govermente, granted unto
+        John Endecott, gent: and Israell Stoughton, gent: the other of
+        New-Plimoth Govermente, to William Bradford, Gov<sup>r</sup>, and Edward
+        Winslow, gent: and both these for y<sup>e</sup> setting out, setling,
+        &amp; determining of y<sup>e</sup> bounds &amp; limitts of y<sup>e</sup>
+        lands betweene y<sup>e</sup> said jurisdictions, wherby not only this
+        presente age, but y<sup>e</sup> posteritie to come may live peaceably
+        &amp; quietly in y<sup>t</sup> behalfe. And for as much as y<sup>e</sup>
+        said comissioners on both sids have full power so to doe, as appeareth
+        by y<sup>e</sup> records of both jurisdictions; we therfore, y<sup>e</sup>
+        said comissioners above named, doe hearby with one consente &amp;
+        agreemente conclude, detirmine, and by these presents declare, that all
+        y<sup>e</sup> marshes at Conahasett y<sup>t</sup> lye of y<sup>e</sup>
+        one side of y<sup>e</sup> river next to Hingam, shall belong to y<sup>e</sup>
+        jurisdition of Massachusetts Plantation; and all y<sup>e</sup> marshes y<sup>t</sup>
+        lye on y<sup>e</sup> other side of y<sup>e</sup> river next to Sityate,
+        shall be long to y<sup>e</sup> jurisdiction of New-Plimoth; excepting
+        60. acers of marsh at y<sup>e</sup> mouth of y<sup>e</sup> river, on
+        Sityate side next to the sea, which we doe herby agree, conclude, &amp;
+        detirmine shall belong to y<sup>e</sup> jurisdition of Massachusetts.
+        And further, we doe hearby agree, determine, and conclude, y<sup>t</sup>
+        the bounds of y<sup>e</sup> limites betweene both y<sup>e</sup> said
+        jurisditions are as followeth, viz. from y<sup>e</sup> mouth of y<sup>e</sup>
+        brook y<sup>t</sup> runeth into Chonahasett marches (which we call by y<sup>e</sup>
+        name of Bound-brooke) with a stright &amp; directe line to y<sup>e</sup>
+        midle of a great ponde, y<sup>t</sup> lyeth on y<sup>e</sup> right hand
+        of y<sup>e</sup> uper path, or commone way, y<sup>t</sup> leadeth
+        betweene Waimoth and Plimoth, close to y<sup>e</sup> path as [233] we
+        goe alonge, which was formerly named (and still we desire may be caled)
+        Accord pond, lying aboute five or 6. myles from Weimoth southerley; and
+        from thence with a straight line to <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_443" id="Page_443">[443]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> souther-most
+        part of Charles-river,<a name="FNanchor_EF_136" id="FNanchor_EF_136"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_EF_136" class="fnanchor">[EF]</a> &amp; 3. miles
+        southerly, inward into y<sup>e</sup> countrie, according as is expresed
+        in y<sup>e</sup> patente granted by his Ma<sup>tie</sup> to y<sup>e</sup>
+        Company of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts Plantation. Provided allways and
+        never y<sup>e</sup> less concluded &amp; determined by mutuall
+        agreemente betweene y<sup>e</sup> said comissioners, y<sup>t</sup> if it
+        fall out y<sup>t</sup> the said line from Accord-pond to y<sup>e</sup>
+        sothermost parte of Charles-river, &amp; 3. myles southerly as is before
+        expresed, straiten or hinder any parte of any plantation begune by y<sup>e</sup>
+        Gove<sup>rt</sup> of New-Plimoth, or hereafter to be begune within 10.
+        years after y<sup>e</sup> date of these ps<sup>nts</sup>, that then,
+        notwithstanding y<sup>e</sup> said line, it shall be lawfull for y<sup>e</sup>
+        said Gov<sup>rt</sup> of New-Plimoth to assume on y<sup>e</sup>
+        northerly side of y<sup>e</sup> said line, wher it shall so intrench as
+        afforesaid, so much land as will make up y<sup>e</sup> quantity of eight
+        miles square, to belong to every shuch plantation begune, or to [be]
+        begune as afforesaid; which we agree, determine, &amp; conclude to
+        appertaine &amp; belong to y<sup>e</sup> said Gov<sup>rt</sup> of
+        New-Plimoth. And wheras y<sup>e</sup> said line, from y<sup>e</sup> said
+        brooke which runeth into Choahassett saltmarshes, called by us
+        Bound-brooke, and y<sup>e</sup> pond called Accord-pond, lyeth nere y<sup>e</sup>
+        lands belonging to y<sup>e</sup> tounships of Sityate &amp; Hingam, we
+        doe therfore hereby determine &amp; conclude, that if any devissions
+        allready made and recorded, by either y<sup>e</sup> said townships, doe
+        crose the said line, that then it shall stand, &amp; be of force
+        according to y<sup>e</sup> former intents and purposes of the said
+        townes granting them (the marshes formerly agreed on exepted). And y<sup>t</sup>
+        no towne in either jurisdiction shall hereafter exceede, but containe
+        them selves within y<sup>e</sup> said lines expressed. In witnes wherof
+        we, the comissioners of both jurisdictions, doe by these presents
+        indented set our hands &amp; scales y<sup>e</sup> ninth day of y<sup>e</sup>
+        4. month in 16. year of our soveraine lord, king Charles; and in y<sup>e</sup>
+        year of our Lord, 1640.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="ltr_sig_multi" style="margin-left:0;">
+          <span class="smcap">William Bradford, Gov<sup>r</sup>.</span><br />
+          <span class="smcap">Ed: Winslow.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Jo:
+          Endecott.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Israell Stoughton.</span><br />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_444" id="Page_444">[444]</a></span>Wheras
+      y<sup>e</sup> patente was taken in y<sup>e</sup> name of William Bradford,
+      (as in trust,) and rane in these termes: To him, his heires, and associats
+      &amp; assignes; and now y<sup>e</sup> noumber of free-men being much
+      increased, and diverce tounships established and setled in severall
+      quarters of y<sup>e</sup> govermente, as Plimoth, Duxberie, Sityate,
+      Tanton, Sandwich, Yarmouth, Barnstable, Marchfeeld, and not longe after,
+      Seacunke (called afterward, at y<sup>e</sup> desire of y<sup>e</sup>
+      inhabitants, Rehoboth) and Nawsett, it was by y<sup>e</sup> Courte desired
+      that William Bradford should make a surrender of the same into their
+      hands. The which he willingly did, in this maner following.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Wheras William Bradford, and diverce others y<sup>e</sup> first
+        instruments of God in the begin&#773;ing of this great work of
+        plantation, togeather with such as y<sup>e</sup> allordering hand of God
+        in his providence soone added unto them, have been at very great charges
+        to procure y<sup>e</sup> lands, priviledges, &amp; freedoms from all
+        intanglments, as may appeare by diverse &amp; sundrie deeds, inlargments
+        of grants, purchases, and payments of debts, &amp;c., by reason wherof y<sup>e</sup>
+        title to y<sup>e</sup> day of these presents [234] remaineth in y<sup>e</sup>
+        said William Bradford, his heires, associats, and assignes: now, for y<sup>e</sup>
+        better setling of y<sup>e</sup> estate of the said lands (contained in y<sup>e</sup>
+        grant or pattente), the said William Bradford, and those first
+        instruments termed &amp; called in sondry orders upon publick recorde, Y<sup>e</sup>
+        Purchasers, or Old comers; witnes 2. in spetiall, the one bearing date y<sup>e</sup>
+        3. of March, 1639. the other in Des: the 1. An<sup>o</sup> 1640.
+        wherunto these presents have spetiall relation &amp; agreemente, and
+        wherby they are distinguished from other y<sup>e</sup> freemen &amp;
+        inhabitants of y<sup>e</sup> said corporation. Be it knowne unto all
+        men, therfore, by these presents, that the <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_445" id="Page_445">[445]</a></span>said William Bradford, for
+        him selfe, his heires, together with y<sup>e</sup> said purchasers, doe
+        only reserve unto them selves, their heires, and assignes those 3.
+        tractes of land mentioned in y<sup>e</sup> said resolution, order, and
+        agreemente, bearing date y<sup>e</sup> first of Des: 1640. viz. first,
+        from y<sup>e</sup> bounds of Yarmouth, 3. miles to y<sup>e</sup>
+        eastward of Naemschatet, and from sea to sea, crose the neck of land.
+        The 2. of a place called Acoughcouss, which lyeth in y<sup>e</sup>
+        botome of y<sup>e</sup> bay adjoyning to y<sup>e</sup> west-side of
+        Pointe Perill, and 2. myles to y<sup>e</sup> westerne side of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said river, to an other place called Acushente river, which entereth at
+        y<sup>e</sup> westerne end of Nacata, and 2. miles to y<sup>e</sup>
+        eastward therof, and to extend 8. myles up into y<sup>e</sup> countrie.
+        The 3. place, from Sowansett river to Patucket river, (with Cawsumsett
+        neck,) which is y<sup>e</sup> cheefe habitation of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Indeans, &amp; reserved for them to dwell upon, extending into y<sup>e</sup>
+        land 8. myles through y<sup>e</sup> whole breadth therof. Togeather with
+        such other small parcells of lands as they or any of them are personally
+        possessed of or intressed in, by vertue of any former titles or grante
+        whatsoever. And y<sup>e</sup> said William Bradford doth, by y<sup>e</sup>
+        free &amp; full consente, approbation, and agreemente of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said old-planters, or purchasers, together with y<sup>e</sup> liking,
+        approbation, and acceptation of y<sup>e</sup> other parte of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said corporation, surrender into y<sup>e</sup> hands of y<sup>e</sup>
+        whole courte, consisting of y<sup>e</sup> free-men of this corporation
+        of New-Plimoth, all y<sup>t</sup> other right &amp; title, power,
+        authority, priviledges, immunities, &amp; freedomes granted in y<sup>e</sup>
+        said letters patents by y<sup>e</sup> said right Honb<sup>le</sup>
+        Counsell for New-England; reserveing his &amp; their personall right of
+        freemen, together w<sup>th</sup> the said old planters afforesaid,
+        excepte y<sup>e</sup> said lands before excepted, declaring the freemen
+        of this corporation, togeather with all such as shal be legally admitted
+        into y<sup>e</sup> same, his associats. And y<sup>e</sup> said William
+        Bradford, for him, his heiers, &amp; assignes, doe hereby further
+        promise and grant to doe &amp; performe whatsoever further thing or
+        things, acte or actes, which in him lyeth, which shall be needfull and
+        expediente for y<sup>e</sup> better <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_446" id="Page_446">[446]</a></span>confirming and
+        establishing the said premises, as by counsel lerned in y<sup>e</sup>
+        lawes shall be reasonably advised and devised, when he shall be ther
+        unto required. In witness wherof, the said William Bradford hath in
+        publick courte surrendered the said letters patents actually into y<sup>e</sup>
+        hands &amp; power of y<sup>e</sup> said courte, binding him selfe, his
+        heires, executors, administrators, and assignes to deliver up whatsoever
+        spetialties are in his hands that doe or may concerne the same.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      [235] In these 2. years they had sundry letters out of England to send one
+      over to end the buissines and accounte with M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley; who
+      now professed he could not make up his accounts without y<sup>e</sup> help
+      of some from hence, espetialy M<sup>r</sup>. Winslows. They had serious
+      thoughts of it, and y<sup>e</sup> most parte of y<sup>e</sup> partners
+      hear thought it best to send; but they had formerly written such bitter
+      and threatening letters as M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was neither willing to
+      goe, nor y<sup>t</sup> any other of y<sup>e</sup> partners should; for he
+      was perswaded, if any of them wente, they should be arested, and an action
+      of such a sum&#773;e layed upon them as they should not procure baele, but
+      must lye in prison, and then they would bring them to what they liste; or
+      other wise they might be brought into trouble by y<sup>e</sup>
+      arch-bishops means, as y<sup>e</sup> times then stood. But,
+      notwithstanding, they weer much inclined to send, &amp; Captaine Standish
+      was willing to goe, but they resolved, seeing they could not all agree in
+      this thing, and that it was waighty, and y<sup>e</sup> consequence might
+      prove dangerous, to take M<sup>r</sup>. Winthrops advise in y<sup>e</sup>
+      thing, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_447" id="Page_447">[447]</a></span>and
+      y<sup>e</sup> rather, because M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews had by many letters
+      acquaynted him with y<sup>e</sup> differences betweene them, and appoynted
+      him for his assigne to receive his parte of y<sup>e</sup> debte. (And
+      though they deneyed to pay him any as a debte, till y<sup>e</sup>
+      controversie was ended, yet they had deposited 110<sup>li</sup>. in money
+      in his hands for M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, to pay to him in parte as soone
+      as he would come to any agreement with y<sup>e</sup> rest.) But M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Winthrop was of M<sup>r</sup>. Winslows minde, and disswaded them from
+      sending; so they broak of their resolution from sending, and returned this
+      answer: that the times were dangerous as things stood with them, for they
+      knew how M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow had suffered formerley, and for a small
+      matter was clapte up in y<sup>e</sup> Fleete, &amp; it was long before he
+      could gett out, to both his &amp; their great loss and damage; and times
+      were not better, but worse, in y<sup>t</sup> respecte. Yet, that their
+      equall &amp; honest minds might appeare to all men, they made them this
+      tender: to refferr y<sup>e</sup> case to some gentle-men and marchants in
+      y<sup>e</sup> Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts, such as they should
+      chuse, and were well knowne unto them selves, (as they perceived their wer
+      many of their aquaintance and freinds ther, better knowne to them then y<sup>e</sup>
+      partners hear,) and let them be informed in y<sup>e</sup> case by both
+      sids, and have all y<sup>e</sup> evidence y<sup>t</sup> could be prodused,
+      in writing, or other wise; and they would be bound to stand to their
+      determination, and make good their <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_448"
+      id="Page_448">[448]</a></span>award, though it should cost them all they
+      had in y<sup>e</sup> world. But this did not please them, but they were
+      offended at it, without any great reasone for ought I know, (seeing nether
+      side could give in clear accountes, y<sup>e</sup> partners here could not,
+      by reason they (to their smarte) were failed by y<sup>e</sup> accountante
+      they sent them, and M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley pretened he could not allso,)
+      save as they conceived it a disparagmente to yeeld to their inferiours in
+      respecte of y<sup>e</sup> place and other concurring circomstances. So
+      this came to nothing; and afterward M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley write, y<sup>t</sup>
+      if M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow would mett him in France, y<sup>e</sup>
+      Low-Countries, or Scotland, let y<sup>e</sup> place be knowne, and he
+      [236] come to him ther. But in regard of y<sup>e</sup> troubles that now
+      begane to arise in our owne nation, and other reasons, this did not come
+      to any effecte. That which made them so desirous to bring things to an end
+      was partly to stope y<sup>e</sup> clamours and aspertions raised &amp;
+      cast upon them hereaboute; though they conceived them selves to sustaine
+      the greatest wrong, and had most cause of complainte; and partly because
+      they feared y<sup>e</sup> fall of catle, in which most parte of their
+      estats lay. And this was not a vaine feare; for they fell indeede before
+      they came to a conclusion, and that so souddanly, as a cowe that but a
+      month before was worth 20<sup>li</sup>., and would so have passed in any
+      paymente, fell now to 5<sup>li</sup>. and would yeeld no more; and a goate
+      that wente at 3<sup>li</sup>. or 50<sup>s</sup>. <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_449" id="Page_449">[449]</a></span>would now yeeld but 8. or 10<sup>s</sup>.
+      at most. All men feared a fall of catle, but it was thought it would be by
+      degrees; and not to be from y<sup>e</sup> highest pitch at once to y<sup>e</sup>
+      lowest, as it did, which was greatly to y<sup>e</sup> damage of many, and
+      y<sup>e</sup> undoing of some. An other reason was, they many of them grew
+      aged, (and indeed a rare thing it was that so many partners should all
+      live together so many years as these did,) and saw many changes were like
+      to befall; so as they were loath to leave these intanglments upon their
+      children and posteritie, who might be driven to remove places, as they had
+      done; yea, them selves might doe it yet before they dyed. But this
+      bussines must yet rest; y<sup>e</sup> next year gave it more ripnes,
+      though it rendred them less able to pay, for y<sup>e</sup> reasons
+      afforesaid.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1641" id="a1641"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1641.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley being weary of this controversie, and desirous of
+      an end, (as well as them selves,) write to M<sup>r</sup>. John Atwode and
+      M<sup>r</sup>. William Collier, 2. of y<sup>e</sup> inhabitants of this
+      place, and of his speatiall aquaintance, and desired them to be a means to
+      bring this bussines to an end, by advising &amp; counselling the partners
+      hear, by some way to bring it to a composition, by mutuall agreemente. And
+      he write to them selves allso to y<sup>t</sup> end, as by his letter may
+      apear; so much therof as concernse y<sup>e</sup> same I shall hear relate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_450" id="Page_450">[450]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>. My love remembered, &amp;c. I have writte so much
+        concerning y<sup>e</sup> ending of accounts betweexte us, as I profess I
+        know not what more to write, &amp;c. If you desire an end, as you seeme
+        to doe, ther is (as I conceive) but 2. waise; that is, to parfecte all
+        accounts, from y<sup>e</sup> first to y<sup>e</sup> last, &amp;c. Now if
+        we find this difficulte, and tedious, haveing not been so stricte &amp;
+        carefull as we should and oughte to have done, as for my owne parte I
+        doe confess I have been somewhat to remisse, and doe verily thinke so
+        are you, &amp;c. I fear you can never make a perfecte accounte of all
+        your pety viages, out, &amp; home too &amp; againe, &amp;c.<a
+        name="FNanchor_EG_137" id="FNanchor_EG_137"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_EG_137" class="fnanchor">[EG]</a> So then y<sup>e</sup>
+        second way must be, by biding, or [237] compounding; and this way, first
+        or last, we must fall upon, &amp;c. If we must warr at law for it, doe
+        not you expecte from me, nether will I from you, but to cleave y<sup>e</sup>
+        heare, and then I dare say y<sup>e</sup> lawyers will be most gainers,
+        &amp;c. Thus let us set to y<sup>e</sup> worke, one way or other, and
+        end, that I may not allways suffer in my name &amp; estate. And you are
+        not free; nay, y<sup>e</sup> gospell suffers by your delaying, and
+        causeth y<sup>e</sup> professors of it to be hardly spoken of, that you,
+        being many, &amp; now able, should combine &amp; joyne togeather to
+        oppress &amp; burden me, &amp;c. Fear not to make a faire &amp;
+        reasonable offer; beleeve me, I will never take any advantage to plead
+        it against you, or to wrong you; or else let M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow come
+        over, and let him have such full power &amp; authority as we may ende by
+        compounding; or else, y<sup>e</sup> accounts so well and fully made up,
+        as we may end by reconing. Now, blesed be God, y<sup>e</sup> times be
+        much changed here, I hope to see many of you returne to you<sup>r</sup>
+        native countrie againe, and have such freedome &amp; libertie as y<sup>e</sup>
+        word of God prescribs. Our bishops were never so near a downfall as now;
+        God hath miraculously confounded them, and turned all their popish &amp;<span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_451" id="Page_451">[451]</a></span>
+        Machavillian plots &amp; projects on their owne heads, &amp;c. Thus you
+        see what is fitt to be done concerning our perticulere greevances. I
+        pray you take it seriously into consideration; let each give way a litle
+        that we may meete, &amp;c. Be you and all yours kindly saluted, &amp;c.
+        So I ever rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your loving friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Clapham, May 18, 1641.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Being thus by this leter, and allso by M<sup>r</sup>. Atwodes &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Colliers mediation urged to bring things to an end, (and y<sup>e</sup>
+      continuall clamors from y<sup>e</sup> rest,) and by none more urged then
+      by their own desires, they tooke this course (because many scandals had
+      been raised upon them). They apoynted these 2. men before mentioned to
+      meet on a certaine day, and called some other freinds on both sids, and M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Free-man, brother in law to M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, and having drawne up
+      a collection of all y<sup>e</sup> remains of y<sup>e</sup> stock, in what
+      soever it was, as housing, boats, bark, and all implements belonging to y<sup>e</sup>
+      same, as they were used in y<sup>e</sup> time of y<sup>e</sup> trad, were
+      they better or worce, with y<sup>e</sup> remaines of all com&#773;odities,
+      as beads, knives, hatchetts, cloth, or any thing els, as well y<sup>e</sup>
+      refuse as y<sup>e</sup> more vendible, with all debts, as well those y<sup>t</sup>
+      were desperate as others more hopefull; and having spent diverce days to
+      bring this to pass, having y<sup>e</sup> helpe of all bookes and papers,
+      which either any of them selves had, or Josias Winslow, who was their
+      accountante; and they found y<sup>e</sup> sume in all to arise (as y<sup>e</sup>
+      things were valued) to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_452"
+      id="Page_452">[452]</a></span>aboute 1400<sup>li</sup>. And they all of
+      them tooke a voluntary but a sollem oath, in y<sup>e</sup> presence one of
+      an other, and of all their frends, y<sup>e</sup> persons abovesaid y<sup>t</sup>
+      were now presente, that this was all that any of them knew of, or could
+      remember; and Josias Winslow did y<sup>e</sup> like for his parte. But y<sup>e</sup>
+      truth is they wrongd them selves much in y<sup>e</sup> valuation, for they
+      reconed some catle as they were taken of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, as for
+      instance a cowe in y<sup>e</sup> hands of one cost 25<sup>li</sup>. and so
+      she was valued in this accounte; but when she came to be past away in
+      parte of paymente, after y<sup>e</sup> agreemente, she would be accepted
+      but a 4<sup>li</sup>. 15<sup>s</sup>. [238] Also being tender of their
+      oaths, they brought in all they know owing to y<sup>e</sup> stock; but
+      they had not made y<sup>e</sup> like diligente search what y<sup>e</sup>
+      stocke might owe to any, so as many scattering debts fell upon afterwards
+      more then now they know of.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Upon this they drew certaine articles of agreemente betweene M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Atwode, on M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys behalfe, and them selves. The effecte
+      is as folloeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>Articles of agreemente made and concluded upon y<sup>e</sup> 15. day
+        of October, 1641. &amp;c.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Imp: Wheras ther was a partnership for diverce years agreed upon
+        betweene James Sherley, John Beacham, and Richard Andrews, of London,
+        marchants, and William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles
+        Standish, William Brewster, John Aldon, &amp; John Howland, w<sup>th</sup>
+        Isaack Allerton, in a trade of beaver skines &amp; other furrs arising
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_453" id="Page_453">[453]</a></span>in
+        New-England; the terme of which said partnership being expired, and
+        diverse sum&#773;es of money in goods adventured into New-England by y<sup>e</sup>
+        said James Sherley, John Beachamp, &amp; Richard Andrews, and many large
+        returnes made from New-England by y<sup>e</sup> said William Bradford,
+        Ed: Winslow, &amp;c.; and differance arising aboute y<sup>e</sup> charge
+        of 2. ships, the one called y<sup>e</sup> White Angele, of Bristow, and
+        y<sup>e</sup> other y<sup>e</sup> Frindship, of Barnstable, and a viage
+        intended in her, &amp;c.; which said ships &amp; their viages, y<sup>e</sup>
+        said William Bradford, Ed: W. &amp;c. conceive doe not at all appertaine
+        to their accounts of partnership; and weras y<sup>e</sup> accounts of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said partnership are found to be confused, and cannot orderley appeare
+        (through y<sup>e</sup> defaulte of Josias Winslow, y<sup>e</sup> booke
+        keeper); and weras y<sup>e</sup> said W. B. &amp;c. have received all
+        their goods for y<sup>e</sup> said trade from the foresaid James
+        Sherley, and have made most of their returnes to him, by consente of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said John Beachamp &amp; Richard Andrews; and wheras also y<sup>e</sup>
+        said James Sherley hath given power &amp; authoritie to M<sup>r</sup>.
+        John Atwode, with y<sup>e</sup> advice &amp; consente of William
+        Collier, of Duxborow, for and on his behalfe, to put such an absolute
+        end to y<sup>e</sup> said partnership, with all and every accounts,
+        reconings, dues, claimes, demands, whatsoever, to y<sup>e</sup> said
+        James Sherley, John Beacham, &amp; Richard Andrews, from y<sup>e</sup>
+        said W. B. &amp;c. for and concerning y<sup>e</sup> said beaver trade,
+        &amp; also y<sup>e</sup> charge y<sup>e</sup> said 2. ships, and their
+        viages made or pretended, whether just or unjuste, from y<sup>e</sup>
+        worlds begining to this presente, as also for y<sup>e</sup> paimente of
+        a purchas of 1800<sup>li</sup>. made by Isaack Allerton, for and on y<sup>e</sup>
+        behalfe of y<sup>e</sup> said W. B., Ed: W., &amp;c., and of y<sup>e</sup>
+        joynt stock, shares, lands, and adventurs, what soever in New-England
+        aforesaid, as apeareth by a deede bearing date y<sup>e</sup> 6. Nov<sup>br</sup>.
+        1627; and also for and from such sume and sumes of money or goods as are
+        received by William Bradford, Tho: Prence, &amp; Myles Standish, for y<sup>e</sup>
+        recovery of dues, by accounts betwexte them, y<sup>e</sup> said James
+        Sherly, John Beachamp, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_454"
+        id="Page_454">[454]</a></span>&amp; Richard Andrews, and Isaack
+        Allerton, for y<sup>e</sup> ship caled y<sup>e</sup> White Angell. Now y<sup>e</sup>
+        said John Attwode, with advice &amp; counsell of y<sup>e</sup> said
+        William Collier, having had much comunication &amp; spente diverse days
+        in agitation of all y<sup>e</sup> said differances &amp; accounts with y<sup>e</sup>
+        said W. B., E. W., &amp;c.; and y<sup>e</sup> said W. B., E. W., &amp;c.
+        have also, with y<sup>e</sup> said book-keeper spente much time in
+        collecting &amp; gathering togeither y<sup>e</sup> remainder of y<sup>e</sup>
+        stock of partnership for y<sup>e</sup> said trade, and what soever hath
+        beene received, or is due by y<sup>e</sup> said attorneyship before
+        expresed, and all, and all manner of goods, debts, and dues therunto
+        belonging, as well those debts that are weake and doubtfull [239] and
+        desperate, as those y<sup>t</sup> are more secure, which in all doe
+        amounte to y<sup>e</sup> sume of 1400<sup>li</sup>. or ther aboute; and
+        for more full satisfaction of y<sup>e</sup> said James Sherley, John
+        Beachamp, &amp; Richard Andrews, the said W. B. and all y<sup>e</sup>
+        rest of y<sup>e</sup> abovesaid partners, togeither with Josias Winslow
+        y<sup>e</sup> booke keeper, have taken a voluntarie oath, y<sup>t</sup>
+        within y<sup>e</sup> said sume of 1400<sup>li</sup>. or theraboute, is
+        contained whatsoever they knew, to y<sup>e</sup> utmost of their
+        rememberance.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        In consideration of all which matters &amp; things before expressed, and
+        to y<sup>e</sup> end y<sup>t</sup> a full, absolute, and finall end may
+        be now made, and all suits in law may be avoyded, and love &amp; peace
+        continued, it is therfore agreed and concluded betweene y<sup>e</sup>
+        said John Attwode, with y<sup>e</sup> advice &amp; consent of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said William Colier, for &amp; on y<sup>e</sup> behalfe of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said James Sherley, to and with y<sup>e</sup> said W. B., &amp;c. in
+        maner and forme following: viz. that y<sup>e</sup> said John Attwode
+        shall procure a sufficiente release and discharge, under y<sup>e</sup>
+        hands &amp; seals of y<sup>e</sup> said James Sherley, John Beachamp,
+        &amp; Richard Andrews, to be delivered fayer &amp; unconcealed unto y<sup>e</sup>
+        said William Bradford, &amp;c., at or before y<sup>e</sup> last day of
+        August, next insuing y<sup>e</sup> date hereof, whereby y<sup>e</sup>
+        said William Bradford &amp;c., their heires, executors, &amp;
+        administrators, &amp; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_455"
+        id="Page_455">[455]</a></span>every of them shall be fully and absolutly
+        aquited &amp; discharged of all actions, suits, reconings, accounts,
+        claimes, and demands whatsoever concerning y<sup>e</sup> generall stock
+        of beaver trade, paymente of y<sup>e</sup> said 1800<sup>li</sup>. for y<sup>e</sup>
+        purchass, and all demands, reckonings, and accounts, just or unjuste,
+        concerning the tow ships Whit-Angell and Frendship aforesaid, togeather
+        with whatsoever hath been received by y<sup>e</sup> said William
+        Bradford, of y<sup>e</sup> goods or estate of Isaack Allerton, for
+        satisfaction of y<sup>e</sup> accounts of y<sup>e</sup> said ship called
+        y<sup>e</sup> Whit Angele, by vertue of a lre of attourney to him,
+        Thomas Prence, &amp; Myles Standish, directed from y<sup>e</sup> said
+        James Sherley, John Beachamp, &amp; Richard Andrews, for y<sup>t</sup>
+        purpose as afforesaid.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        It is also agreed &amp; concluded upon betweene the said parties to
+        these presents, that the said W. B., E. W., &amp;c. shall now be bound
+        in 2400<sup>li</sup>. for paymente of 1200<sup>li</sup>. in full
+        satisfaction of all demands as afforesaid; to be payed in maner &amp;
+        forme following; that is to say, 400<sup>li</sup>. within 2. months next
+        after y<sup>e</sup> receite of the aforesaid releases and discharges,
+        one hundred and ten pounds wherof is allready in y<sup>e</sup> hands of
+        John Winthrop senior of Boston, Esquire, by the means of M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Richard Andrews afforesaid, and 80<sup>li</sup>. waight of beaver now
+        deposited into y<sup>e</sup> hands of y<sup>e</sup> said John Attwode,
+        to be both in part of paimente of y<sup>e</sup> said 400<sup>li</sup>.
+        and y<sup>e</sup> other 800<sup>li</sup>. to be payed by 200<sup>li</sup>.
+        p&#818;<sup>r</sup> an&#773;ume, to such assignes as shall be appointed,
+        inhabiting either in Plimoth or Massachusetts Bay, in such goods &amp;
+        comodities, and at such rates, as the countrie shall afford at y<sup>e</sup>
+        time of delivery &amp; paymente; and in y<sup>e</sup> mean time y<sup>e</sup>
+        said bond of 2400<sup>li</sup>. to be deposited into y<sup>e</sup> hands
+        of y<sup>e</sup> said John Attwode. And it is agreed upon by &amp;
+        betweene y<sup>e</sup> said parties to these presents, that if y<sup>e</sup>
+        said John Attwode shall not or cannot procure such said releases &amp;
+        discharges as afforesaid from y<sup>e</sup> said James Sherley, John
+        Bachamp, &amp; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_456" id="Page_456">[456]</a></span>Richard
+        Andrews, at or before y<sup>e</sup> last day of August next insuing y<sup>e</sup>
+        date hear of, y<sup>t</sup> then y<sup>e</sup> said John Attwode shall,
+        at y<sup>e</sup> said day precisely, redeliver, or cause to [240] be
+        delivered unto ye said W. B., E. W., &amp;c. their said bond of 2400<sup>li</sup>.
+        and y<sup>e</sup> said 80<sup>li</sup>. waight of beaver, or y<sup>e</sup>
+        due valew therof, without any fraud or further delay; and for
+        performance of all &amp; singuler y<sup>e</sup> covenants and agreements
+        hearin contained and expressed, which on y<sup>e</sup> one parte and
+        behalfe of y<sup>e</sup> said James Sherley are to be observed &amp;
+        performed, shall become bound in y<sup>e</sup> sum&#773;e of 2400<sup>li</sup>.
+        to them, y<sup>e</sup> said William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas
+        Prence, Myles Standish, William Brewster, John Allden, and John Howland.
+        And it is lastly agreed upon betweene y<sup>e</sup> said parties, that
+        these presents shall be left in trust, to be kepte for boath parties, in
+        y<sup>e</sup> hands of Mr. John Reanour, teacher of Plimoth. In witnes
+        wherof, all y<sup>e</sup> said parties have hereunto severally sett
+        their hands, y<sup>e</sup> day and year first above writen.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <span class="smcap">John Atwode, William Bradford, Edward Winslow</span>,
+        &amp;c. In y<sup>e</sup> presence of
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="ltr_sig_multi">
+          <span class="smcap">Edmond Freeman,</span><br /> <span class="smcap">William
+          Thomas,</span><br /> <span class="smcap">William Pady,</span><br />
+          <span class="smcap">Nathaniell Souther.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The nexte year this long and tedious bussines came to some issue, as will
+      then appeare, though not to a finall ende with all y<sup>e</sup> parties;
+      but this much for y<sup>e</sup> presente.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I had forgoten to inserte in its place how y<sup>e</sup> church here had
+      invited and sent for M<sup>r</sup>. Charles Chansey,<a
+      name="FNanchor_EH_138" id="FNanchor_EH_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_EH_138"
+      class="fnanchor">[EH]</a> a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_457"
+      id="Page_457">[457]</a></span>reverend, godly, and very larned man,
+      intending upon triall to chose him pastor of y<sup>e</sup> church hear,
+      for y<sup>e</sup> more comfortable performance of y<sup>e</sup> ministrie
+      with Mr. John Reinor, the teacher of the same. But ther fell out some
+      differance aboute baptising, he holding it ought only to be by diping, and
+      putting y<sup>e</sup> whole body under water, and that sprinkling was
+      unlawfull. The church yeelded that immersion, or dipping, was lawfull, but
+      in this could countrie not so conveniente. But they could not nor durst
+      not yeeld to him in this, that sprinkling (which all y<sup>e</sup>
+      churches of Christ doe for y<sup>e</sup> most parte use at this day) was
+      unlawfull, &amp; an humane invention, as y<sup>e</sup> same was prest; but
+      they were willing to yeeld to him as far as y<sup>ey</sup> could, &amp; to
+      y<sup>e</sup> utmost; and were contented to suffer him to practise as he
+      was perswaded; and when he came to minister that ordnance, he might so doe
+      it to any y<sup>t</sup> did desire it in y<sup>t</sup> way, provided he
+      could peacably suffer Mr. Reinor, and such as desired to have theirs
+      otherwise baptised by him, by sprinkling or powering on of water upon
+      them; so as ther might be no disturbance in y<sup>e</sup> church
+      hereaboute. But he said he could not yeeld herunto. Upon which the church
+      procured some other ministers to dispute y<sup>e</sup> pointe with him
+      publikly; as Mr. Ralfe Partrich, of Duxberie, who did it sundrie times,
+      very ablie and sufficently, as allso some other ministers within this
+      govermente. But he was not satisfied; so y<sup>e</sup> church sent to many
+      other <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_458" id="Page_458">[458]</a></span>churches
+      to crave their help and advise in [241] this mater, and, with his will
+      &amp; consente, sent them his arguments writen under his owne hand. They
+      sente them to y<sup>e</sup> church at Boston in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of
+      Massachusets, to be comunicated with other churches ther. Also they sent y<sup>e</sup>
+      same to the churches of Conightecutt and New-Haven, with sundrie others;
+      and received very able &amp; sufficent answers, as they conceived, from
+      them and their larned ministers, who all concluded against him. But him
+      selfe was not satisfied therw<sup>th</sup>. Their answers are too large
+      hear to relate. They conceived y<sup>e</sup> church had done what was
+      meete in y<sup>e</sup> thing, so M<sup>r</sup>. Chansey, having been y<sup>e</sup>
+      most parte of 3. years here, removed him selfe to Sityate, wher he now
+      remaines a minister to y<sup>e</sup> church ther. Also about these times,
+      now y<sup>t</sup> catle &amp; other things begane greatly to fall from
+      their former rates, and persons begane to fall into more straits, and many
+      being allready gone from them, (as is noted before,) both to Duxberie,
+      Marshfeeld, and other places, &amp; those of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe sorte,
+      as M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, Captaine Standish, Mr. Allden, and many other,
+      &amp; stille some dropping away daly, and some at this time, and many more
+      unsetled, it did greatly weaken y<sup>e</sup> place, and by reason of y<sup>e</sup>
+      straitnes and barrennes of y<sup>e</sup> place, it sett y<sup>e</sup>
+      thoughts of many upon removeall; as will appere more hereafter. <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_459" id="Page_459">[459]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1642" id="a1642"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1642.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Marvilous it may be to see and consider how some kind of wickednes did
+      grow &amp; breake forth here, in a land wher the same was so much witnesed
+      against, and so narrowly looked unto, &amp; severly punished when it was
+      knowne; as in no place more, or so much, that I have known or heard of;
+      insomuch as they have been somewhat censured, even by moderate and good
+      men, for their severitie in punishments. And yet all this could not
+      suppress y<sup>e</sup> breaking out of sundrie notorious sins, (as this
+      year, besids other, gives us too many sad presidents and instances,)
+      espetially drunkennes and unclainnes; not only incontinencie betweene
+      persons unmaried, for which many both men &amp; women have been punished
+      sharply enough, but some maried persons allso. But that which is worse,
+      even sodomie and bugerie, (things fearfull to name,) have broak forth in
+      this land, oftener then once. I say it may justly be marveled at, and
+      cause us to fear &amp; tremble at the consideration of our corrupte
+      natures, which are so hardly bridled, subdued, &amp; mortified; nay,
+      cannot by any other means but y<sup>e</sup> powerfull worke &amp; grace of
+      Gods spirite. But (besids this) one reason may be, that y<sup>e</sup>
+      Divell may carrie a greater spite against the churches of Christ and y<sup>e</sup>
+      gospell hear, by how much y<sup>e</sup> more they indeaour to preserve
+      holynes and puritie amongst them, and strictly punisheth the contrary
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_460" id="Page_460">[460]</a></span>when
+      it ariseth either in church or comone wealth; that he might cast a [242]
+      blemishe &amp; staine upon them in y<sup>e</sup> eyes of [y<sup>e</sup>]
+      world, who use to be rash in judgmente. I would rather thinke thus, then
+      that Satane hath more power in these heathen lands, as som have thought,
+      then in more Christian nations, espetially over Gods servants in them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      2. An other reason may be, that it may be in this case as it is with
+      waters when their streames are stopped or dam&#773;ed up, when they gett
+      passage they flow with more violence, and make more noys and disturbance,
+      then when they are suffered to rune quietly in their owne chanels. So
+      wikednes being here more stopped by strict laws, and y<sup>e</sup> same
+      more nerly looked unto, so as it cannot rune in a comone road of liberty
+      as it would, and is inclined, it searches every wher, and at last breaks
+      out wher it getts vente.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      3. A third reason may be, hear (as I am verily perswaded) is not more
+      evills in this kind, nor nothing nere so many by proportion, as in other
+      places; but they are here more discoverd and seen, and made publick by due
+      serch, inquisition, and due punishment; for y<sup>e</sup> churches looke
+      narrowly to their members, and y<sup>e</sup> magistrats over all, more
+      strictly then in other places. Besids, here the people are but few in
+      comparison of other places, which are full &amp; populous, and lye hid, as
+      it were, in a wood or thickett, and many horrible evills by y<sup>t</sup>
+      means are never seen nor <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_461"
+      id="Page_461">[461]</a></span>knowne; wheras hear, they are, as it were,
+      brought into y<sup>e</sup> light, and set in y<sup>e</sup> plaine feeld,
+      or rather on a hill, made conspicuous to y<sup>e</sup> veiw of all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But to proceede; y<sup>er</sup> came a letter from y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      in y<sup>e</sup> Bay to them here, touching matters of y<sup>e</sup>
+      forementioned nature, which because it may be usefull I shall hear relate
+      it, and y<sup>e</sup> passages ther aboute.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        S<sup>r</sup>: Having an opportunitie to signifie y<sup>e</sup> desires
+        of our Generall Court in toow things of spetiall importance, I willingly
+        take this occasion to imparte them to you, y<sup>t</sup> you may imparte
+        them to y<sup>e</sup> rest of your magistrats, and also to your Elders,
+        for counsell; and give us your advise in them. The first is concerning
+        heinous offences in point of uncleannes; y<sup>e</sup> perticuler cases,
+        with y<sup>e</sup> circomstances, and y<sup>e</sup> questions ther upon,
+        you have hear inclosed. The 2. thing is concerning y<sup>e</sup>
+        Ilanders at Aquidnett; y<sup>t</sup> seeing the cheefest of them are
+        gone from us, in offences, either to churches, or com&#773;one welth, or
+        both; others are dependants on them, and y<sup>e</sup> best sorte are
+        such as close with them in all their rejections of us. Neither is it
+        only in a faction y<sup>t</sup> they are devided from us, but in very
+        deed they rend them selves from all y<sup>e</sup> true churches of
+        Christ, and, many of them, from all y<sup>e</sup> powers of majestracie.
+        We have had some experience hereof by some of their underworkers, or
+        emissaries, who have latly come amongst us, and have made publick
+        defiance against magistracie, ministrie, churches, &amp; church
+        covenants, &amp;c. as antichristian; secretly also sowing y<sup>e</sup>
+        seeds of Familisme, and Anabaptistrie, to y<sup>e</sup> infection of
+        some, and danger of others; so that we are not willing to joyne with
+        them in any league or confederacie at all, but rather that you would
+        consider &amp; advise with us how we may avoyd them, and keep ours from
+        being infected by them. Another thing I should mention <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_462" id="Page_462">[462]</a></span>to you,
+        for y<sup>e</sup> maintenance of y<sup>e</sup> trad of beaver; if ther
+        be not a company to order it in every jurisdition among y<sup>e</sup>
+        English, which companies should agree in generall of their way in trade,
+        I supose that y<sup>e</sup> trade will be overthrowne, and the Indeans
+        will abuse us. For this cause we have latly put it into order amongst
+        us, hoping of incouragmente from you (as we have had) y<sup>t</sup> we
+        may continue y<sup>e</sup> same. Thus not further to trouble you, I
+        rest, with my loving remembrance to your selfe, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your loving friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">Ri: Bellingham.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Boston, 28. (1.) 1642.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The note inclosed follows on y<sup>e</sup> other side.<a
+      name="FNanchor_EI_139" id="FNanchor_EI_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_EI_139"
+      class="fnanchor">[EI]</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        [244] Worthy &amp; beloved S<sup>r</sup>:
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Your letter (with y<sup>e</sup> questions inclosed) I have comunicated
+        with our Assistants, and we have refered y<sup>e</sup> answer of them to
+        such Rev&#275;<sup>d</sup> Elders as are amongst us, some of whose
+        answers thertoo we have here sent you inclosed, under their owne hands;
+        from y<sup>e</sup> rest we have not yet received any. Our farr distance
+        hath bene y<sup>e</sup> reason of this long delay, as also y<sup>t</sup>
+        they could not conferr their counsells togeather.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        For our selves, (you know our breedings &amp; abillities,) we rather
+        desire light from your selves, &amp; others, whom God hath better
+        inabled, then to presume to give our judgments in cases so difficulte
+        and of so high a nature. Yet under correction, and submission to better
+        judgments, we propose this one thing to your prudent considerations. As
+        it seems to us, in y<sup>e</sup> case even of willfull murder, that
+        though a man did smite or wound an other, with a full pourpose or desire
+        to kill him, (w<sup>ch</sup> is murder in a high degree, before God,)
+        yet if he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_463" id="Page_463">[463]</a></span>did
+        not dye, the magistrate was not to take away y<sup>e</sup> others life.<a
+        name="FNanchor_EJ_140" id="FNanchor_EJ_140"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_EJ_140" class="fnanchor">[EJ]</a> So by proportion in
+        other grosse &amp; foule sines, though high attempts &amp; nere
+        approaches to y<sup>e</sup> same be made, and such as in the sight &amp;
+        account of God may be as ill as y<sup>e</sup> accomplishmente of y<sup>e</sup>
+        foulest acts of y<sup>t</sup> sine, yet we doute whether it may be safe
+        for y<sup>e</sup> magistrate to proceed to death; we thinke, upon y<sup>e</sup>
+        former grounds, rather he may not. As, for instance, in y<sup>e</sup>
+        case of adultrie, (if it be admitted y<sup>t</sup> it is to be punished
+        w<sup>th</sup> death, which to some of us is not cleare,) if y<sup>e</sup>
+        body be not actually defiled, then death is not to be inflicted. So in
+        sodomie, &amp; beastialitie, if ther be not penetration. Yet we confess
+        foulnes of circomstances, and frequencie in y<sup>e</sup> same, doth
+        make us remaine in y<sup>e</sup> darke, and desire further light from
+        you, or any, as God shall give.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        As for y<sup>e</sup> 2. thing, concerning y<sup>e</sup> Ilanders? we
+        have no conversing with them, nor desire to have, furder then necessitie
+        or humanity may require.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        And as for trade? we have as farr as we could ever therin held an
+        orderly course, &amp; have been sory to see y<sup>e</sup> spoyle therof
+        by others, and fear it will hardly be recovered. But in these, or any
+        other things which may concerne y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;one good, we
+        shall be willing to advise &amp; concure with you in what we may. Thus w<sup>th</sup>
+        my love remembered to your selfe, and y<sup>e</sup> rest of our worthy
+        friends, your Assistants, I take leave, &amp; rest,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your loving friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">W. B.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Plim: 17. 3. month, 1642.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Now follows y<sup>e</sup> ministers answers. And first Mr. Reynors.<span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_464" id="Page_464">[464]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Qest: What sodmiticall acts are to be punished with death, &amp; what
+        very facte (ipso facto) is worthy of death, or, if y<sup>e</sup> fact it
+        selfe be not capitall, what circomstances concurring may make it
+        capitall?
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Ans: In y<sup>e</sup> judiciall law (y<sup>e</sup> moralitie wherof
+        concerneth us) it is manyfest y<sup>t</sup> carnall knowledg of man, or
+        lying w<sup>th</sup> man, as with woman, cum penetratione corporis, was
+        sodomie, to be punished with death; what els can be understood by Levit:
+        18. 22. &amp; 20. 13. &amp; Gen: 19. 5? 2<sup>ly</sup>. It seems allso y<sup>t</sup>
+        this foule sine might be capitall, though ther was not penitratio
+        corporis, but only contactus &amp; fricatio usq&#771; ad effusionem
+        seminis, for these reasons: [245] 1. Because it was sin to be punished
+        with death, Levit. 20. 13. in y<sup>e</sup> man who was lyen withall, as
+        well as in him y<sup>t</sup> lyeth with him; now his sin is not
+        mitigated wher ther is not penitration, nor augmented wher it is; wheras
+        its charged upon y<sup>e</sup> women, y<sup>t</sup> they were guilty of
+        this unnaturall sine, as well as men, Rom. 1. 26. 27. Y<sup>e</sup> same
+        thing doth furder apeare, 2. because of y<sup>t</sup> proportion
+        betwexte this sin &amp; beastialitie, wherin if a woman did stand
+        before, or aproach to, a beast, for y<sup>t</sup> end, to lye downe
+        therto, (whether penetration was or not,) it was capitall, Levit: 18.
+        23. &amp; 20. 16. 3<sup>ly</sup>. Because something els might be
+        equivalent to penetration wher it had not been, viz. y<sup>e</sup> fore
+        mentioned acts with frequencie and long continuance with a high hand,
+        utterly extinguishing all light of nature; besids, full intention and
+        bould attempting of y<sup>e</sup> foulest acts may seeme to have been
+        capitall here, as well as coming presumptuously to slay with guile was
+        capitall. Exod: 21. 14.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Yet it is not so manyfest y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> same acts were to
+        be punished with death in some other sines of uncleannes, w<sup>ch</sup>
+        yet by y<sup>e</sup> law of God were capitall crimes; besids other
+        reasons, (1.) because sodomie, &amp; also beastialitie, is more against
+        y<sup>e</sup> light of nature then some other capitall crimes of
+        unclainnes, which reason is to be attended unto, as y<sup>t</sup> which
+        most of all <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_465" id="Page_465">[465]</a></span>made
+        this sin capitall; (2.) because it might be com&#773;ited with more
+        secrecie &amp; less suspition, &amp; therfore needed y<sup>e</sup> more
+        to be restrained &amp; suppresed by y<sup>e</sup> law; (3<sup>ly</sup>)
+        because ther was not y<sup>e</sup> like reason &amp; degree of sin&#773;ing
+        against family &amp; posteritie in this sin as in some other capitall
+        sines of uncleannes.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        2. Quest: How farr a magistrate may extracte a confession from a
+        delinquente, to acuse him selfe of a capitall crime, seeing Nemo tenetur
+        prodere seipsum.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Ans: A majestrate cannot without sin neglecte diligente inquision into y<sup>e</sup>
+        cause brought before him. Job 29. 16. Pro: 24. 11. 12. &amp; 25. 2. (2<sup>ly</sup>.)
+        If it be manifest y<sup>t</sup> a capitall crime is committed, &amp; y<sup>t</sup>
+        comone reporte, or probabilitie, suspition, or some complainte, (or y<sup>e</sup>
+        like,) be of this or y<sup>t</sup> person, a magistrate ought to
+        require, and by all due means to procure from y<sup>e</sup> person (so
+        farr allready bewrayed) a naked confession of y<sup>e</sup> fact, as
+        apears by y<sup>t</sup> which is morall &amp; of perpetuall equitie,
+        both in y<sup>e</sup> case of uncertaine murder, Deut: 21. 1. 9. and
+        slander, Deut: 22. 13. 21; for though nemo tenetur prodere seipsum, yet
+        by that w<sup>ch</sup> may be known to y<sup>e</sup> magistrat by y<sup>e</sup>
+        forenamed means, he is bound thus to doe, or els he may betray his
+        countrie &amp; people to y<sup>e</sup> heavie displeasure of God, Levit:
+        18. 24. 25. Jos: 22. 18. Psa: 106. 30; such as are in&#773;ocente to y<sup>e</sup>
+        sinfull, base, cruell lusts of y<sup>e</sup> profane, &amp; such as are
+        delinquents, and others with them, into y<sup>e</sup> hands of y<sup>e</sup>
+        stronger temptations, &amp; more bouldness, &amp; hardnes of harte, to
+        com&#773;ite more &amp; worse villany, besids all y<sup>e</sup> guilt
+        &amp; hurt he will bring upon him selfe. (3<sup>ly</sup>.) To inflicte
+        some punishmente meerly for this reason, to extracte a conffession of a
+        capitall crime, is contrary to y<sup>e</sup> nature of vindictive
+        justice, which always hath respecte to a know&#773; crime com&#773;itited
+        by y<sup>e</sup> person punished; and it will therfore, for any thing
+        which can before be knowne, be y<sup>e</sup> provocking and forcing of
+        wrath, compared to y<sup>e</sup> wringing of y<sup>e</sup> nose, Pro:
+        30. 33. which is as well forbiden y<sup>e</sup> fathers of y<sup>e</sup>
+        countrie as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_466" id="Page_466">[466]</a></span>of
+        y<sup>e</sup> family, Ephe. 6. 4. as produsing many sad &amp; dangerous
+        effects. That an oath (ex officio) for such a purpose is no due means,
+        hath been abundantly proved by y<sup>e</sup> godly learned, &amp; is
+        well known.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Q. 3. In what cases of capitall crimes one witnes with other
+        circomstances shall be sufficiente to convince? or is ther no conviction
+        without 2. witneses?
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Ans: In taking away y<sup>e</sup> life of man, one witnes alone will not
+        suffice, ther must be tow, or y<sup>t</sup> which is instar; y<sup>e</sup>
+        texts are manifest, Numb: 35. 30. Deut: 17. 6. &amp; 19. 15. 2<sup>ly</sup>.
+        Ther may be conviction by one witnes, &amp; some thing y<sup>t</sup>
+        hath y<sup>e</sup> force of another, as y<sup>e</sup> evidencie of y<sup>e</sup>
+        fact done by such an one, &amp; not an other; unforced confession when
+        ther was no fear or danger of suffering for y<sup>e</sup> fact, hand
+        writings acknowledged &amp; confessed.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">John Reynor.</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        [246] <i>M<sup>r</sup>. Partrich his writing, in ans: to y<sup>e</sup>
+        questions.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        What is y<sup>t</sup> sodomiticall acte which is to be punished with
+        death?
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Though I conceive probable y<sup>t</sup> a voluntary effusion of seed
+        per modum concubitus of man with man, as of a man with woman, though in
+        concubitu ther be not penetratio corporis, is y<sup>t</sup> sin which is
+        forbiden, Levit: 18. 22. &amp; adjudged to be punished with death,
+        Levit: 20. 13. because, though ther be not penetratio corporis, yet ther
+        may be similitudo concubitus muliebris, which is y<sup>t</sup> the law
+        specifieth; yet I dar not be con-<a name="FNanchor_EK_141"
+        id="FNanchor_EK_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_EK_141" class="fnanchor">[EK]</a>
+        (1.) because, Gen: 19. 5. y<sup>e</sup> intended acte of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Sodomits (who were y<sup>e</sup> first noted maisters of this unnaturall
+        act of more then brutish filthines) is expressed by carnall copulation
+        of man with woman: Bring them out unto us, y<sup>t</sup> we may know
+        them; (2<sup>ly</sup>.) because it is observed among y<sup>e</sup>
+        nations wher this unnaturall unclainnes is com&#773;ited, it is w<sup>th</sup>
+        penetration of y<sup>e</sup> body; (3<sup>ly</sup>.) because, in y<sup>e</sup>
+        judiciall proceedings <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_467"
+        id="Page_467">[467]</a></span>of y<sup>e</sup> judges in England, y<sup>e</sup>
+        indict: so rune (as I have been informed).
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Q. How farr may a magistrat extracte a confession of a capitall crime
+        from a suspected and an accused person?
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Ans. I conceive y<sup>t</sup> a magistrate is bound, by carfull
+        examenation of circomstances &amp; waighing of probabilities, to sifte y<sup>e</sup>
+        accused, and by force of argumente to draw him to an acknowledgment of y<sup>e</sup>
+        truth; but he may not extracte a confession of a capitall crime from a
+        suspected person by any violent means, whether it be by an oath imposed,
+        or by any punishmente inflicted or threatened to be inflicted, for so he
+        may draw forth an acknowledgmente of a crime from a fearfull in&#773;ocente;
+        if guilty, he shall be compelled to be his owne accuser, when no other
+        can, which is against y<sup>e</sup> rule of justice.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Q. In what cases of capitall crimes one witnes with other circomstances
+        shall be sufficente to convicte; or is ther no conviction without two
+        witnesses?
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Ans: I conceive y<sup>t</sup>, in y<sup>e</sup> case of capitall crimes,
+        ther can be no safe proceedings unto judgmente without too witnesses, as
+        Numb: 35. 30. Deut: 19. 15. excepte ther can some evidence be prodused
+        as aveilable &amp; firme to prove y<sup>e</sup> facte as a witnes is,
+        then one witnes may suffice; for therin y<sup>e</sup> end and equitie of
+        y<sup>e</sup> law is attained. But to proceede unto sentence of death
+        upon presumptions, wher probably ther may subesse falsum, though ther be
+        y<sup>e</sup> testimony of one wittnes, I supose it cannot be a safe
+        way; better for such a one to be held in safe custodie for further
+        triall, I conceive.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">Ralph Partrich.</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>The Answer of M<sup>r</sup>. Charles Chancy.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        An contactus et fricatio usq&#771; ad seminis effusi&#333;nem sine
+        penetratione corporis sit sodomia morte plectenda?
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Q. The question is what sodomiticall acts are to be punished <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_468" id="Page_468">[468]</a></span>w<sup>th</sup>
+        death, &amp; what very facte committed, (ipso facto,) is worthy of
+        death, or if y<sup>e</sup> facte it selfe be not capitall, what
+        circomstances concuring may make it capitall. The same question may be
+        asked of rape, inceste, beastialitie, unnaturall sins, presumtuous sins.
+        These be y<sup>e</sup> words of y<sup>e</sup> first question.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Ans: The answer unto this I will lay downe (as God shall directe by his
+        word &amp; spirite) in these following conclusions: (1.) That y<sup>e</sup>
+        judicials of Moyses, that are appendances to y<sup>e</sup> morall law,
+        &amp; grounded on y<sup>e</sup> law of nature, or y<sup>e</sup>
+        decalogue, are im&#773;utable, and ppetuall, w<sup>ch</sup> all orthodox
+        devines acknowledge; see y<sup>e</sup> authors following. Luther, Tom.
+        1. Whitenberge: fol. 435. &amp; fol. 7. Melanethon, in loc: com loco de
+        conjugio. Calvin, 1. 4. Institu. c. 4. sect. 15. Junious de politia
+        Moysis, thes. 29. &amp; 30. Hen: Bulin: Decad. 3. sermo. 8. Wolf: Muscu.
+        loc: com: in 6. precepti explicaci: Bucer de regno Christi, 1. 2. c. 17.
+        Theo: Beza, vol: 1. de hereti: puniendis, fol. 154. Zanch: in 3. pr&aelig;cept:
+        Ursin: Pt. 4. explicat. contra John. Piscat: in Aphorismi Loc. de lege
+        dei aphorism. 17. And more might be added. I forbear, for brevities
+        sake, to set downe their very words; this being y<sup>e</sup> constante
+        &amp; generall oppinion of y<sup>e</sup> best devines, I will rest in
+        this as undoubtedly true, though much more might be said to confirme it.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        2. That all y<sup>e</sup> sin&#773;es mentioned in y<sup>e</sup>
+        question were punished with death by y<sup>e</sup> judiciall law of
+        Moyses, as adultry, Levit: 20. 10. Deut: 22. 22. Esech: 16. 38. Jhon. 8.
+        5. which is to be understood not only of double adultrie, when as both
+        parties are maried, (as some conceive,) but whosoever (besids her
+        husband) lyes with a married woman, whether y<sup>e</sup> man be maried
+        or not, as in y<sup>e</sup> place, Deut: 22. 22. or whosoever, being a
+        maried man, lyeth with another woman (besids his wife), as P. Martire
+        saith, loc: com: which in diverce respects maks y<sup>e</sup> sine worse
+        on y<sup>e</sup> maried <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_469"
+        id="Page_469">[469]</a></span>mans parte; for y<sup>e</sup> Lord in this
+        law hath respect as well to publick honesty, (the sin being so
+        prejudicall to y<sup>e</sup> church &amp; state,) as y<sup>e</sup>
+        private wrongs (saith Junious). So incest is to be punished with death,
+        Levit: 20. 11. 22. Beastiality likwise, Lev: 20. 15. Exod: 22. 19. Raps
+        in like maner, Deut: 22. 25. Sodomie in like sort, Levit: 18. 22. &amp;
+        20. 13. And all presumptuous sins, Numb: 15. 30. 31.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        3. That y<sup>e</sup> punishmente of these foule sines w<sup>th</sup>
+        death is grounded on y<sup>e</sup> law of nature, &amp; is agreeable to
+        the morall law. (1.) Because y<sup>e</sup> reasons an&#773;exed shew
+        them to be perpetuall. Deut. 22. 22. So shalt thou put away evill.
+        Incest, beastiality, are caled confusion, &amp; wickednes. (2.) Infamie
+        to y<sup>e</sup> whole humane nature, Levit: 22. 12. Levit: 18. 23. Raps
+        are as murder, Deut: 22. 25. Sodomie is an abomination, Levit: 22. 22.
+        [247] No holier &amp; juster laws can be devised by any man or angele
+        then have been by y<sup>e</sup> Judg of all y<sup>e</sup> world, the
+        wisdome of y<sup>e</sup> Father, by whom kings doe raigne, &amp;c. (3.)
+        Because, before y<sup>e</sup> giving of y<sup>e</sup> Law, this
+        punishmente was anciently practised, Gen: 26. 11. 38. 29. 39. 20. &amp;
+        even by the heathen, by y<sup>e</sup> very light of nature, as P.
+        Martire shews. (4<sup>ly</sup>.) Because y<sup>e</sup> land is defiled
+        by such sins, and spews out y<sup>e</sup> inhabitants, Levit: 18. 24,
+        25. &amp; that in regard of those nations y<sup>t</sup> were not
+        acquainted w<sup>th</sup> the law of Moyses. 5. All y<sup>e</sup> devins
+        above specified consent in this, that y<sup>e</sup> unclean acts
+        punishable with death by y<sup>e</sup> law of God are not only y<sup>e</sup>
+        grose acts of uncleannes by way of carnall copulation, but all y<sup>e</sup>
+        evidente attempts therof, which may appeare by those severall words y<sup>t</sup>
+        are used by y<sup>e</sup> spirite of God, expressing y<sup>e</sup> sins
+        to be punished with death; as y<sup>e</sup> discovering of nakednes,
+        Levit: 18. 20. which is retegere pudenda, as parts p<sup>r</sup>
+        euphemismum (saith Junius), or detegere ad cubandum (saith Willett), to
+        uncover y<sup>e</sup> shamefull parts of y<sup>e</sup> body (saith
+        Ainsworth), which, though it reaches to y<sup>e</sup> grose acts, yet it
+        is plaine it <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_470" id="Page_470">[470]</a></span>doth
+        comprehend ye other foregoing immodest attempts, as contactum,
+        fricationem, &amp;c.; likwise ye phrase of lying with, so often used,
+        doth not only signifie carnall copulation, but other obscene acts, p<sup>r</sup>ceding
+        y<sup>e</sup> same, is implyed in Pauls word [Greek: arsenokoitai], 1.
+        Cor: 6. 9. &amp; men lying with men, 1. Tim: 1. 9. men defiling them
+        selves w<sup>th</sup> mankind, men burning with lust towards men, Rom:
+        1. 26. &amp; Levit: 18.<a name="FNanchor_EL_142" id="FNanchor_EL_142"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_EL_142" class="fnanchor">[EL]</a> 22. sodom &amp; sin
+        going after strange flesh, Jud: v. 7. 8. and lying with mankind as with
+        a woman, Levit: 18. 22. Abulentis says y<sup>t</sup> it signifies omnes
+        modos quibus masculus masculo abutatur, changing y<sup>e</sup> naturall
+        use into y<sup>t</sup> which is against nature, Rom: 1. 26. arrogare
+        sibi cubare, as Junius well translats Levit: 20. 15. to give consente to
+        lye withall, so approaching to a beast, &amp; lying downe therto, Levit:
+        20. 16. ob solum conat&uacute;<a name="FNanchor_EM_143"
+        id="FNanchor_EM_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_EM_143" class="fnanchor">[EM]</a>
+        (saith Willett) or for going about to doe it. Add to this a notable
+        speech of Zepperus de legibus (who hath enough to end controversies of
+        this nature). L. 1. he saith: In crimine adulterii voluntas
+        (understanding manifeste) sine effectu subsecuto de jure attenditur; and
+        he proves it out of good laws, in these words: Solicitatores<a
+        name="FNanchor_EN_144" id="FNanchor_EN_144"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_EN_144" class="fnanchor">[EN]</a> alien&#773;um nupti&#257;m
+        itemq&#771; matrimon&#299;um interpellatores, etsi effectu sceleris
+        potiri non possunt, propter voluntatem tamen pernicios&aelig; libidinis
+        extra ordinem puniuntur; nam generale est quidem affect&#363; sine
+        effectu [non] puniri, sed contrarium observatur in atrocioribus &amp;
+        horum similibus.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        5. In concluding punishments from y<sup>e</sup> judiciall law of Moyses
+        y<sup>t</sup> is perpetuall, we must often p<sup>r</sup>ceed by
+        analogicall proportion &amp; interpretation, as a paribus similibus,
+        minore ad majus, &amp;c.; for ther will still fall out some cases, in
+        every com&#773;one-wealth, which are not in so many words extante in
+        holy write, yet y<sup>e</sup> substance of y<sup>e</sup> matter in every
+        kind (I conceive under correction) may be drawne and concluded out of y<sup>e</sup>
+        scripture by good consequence of an equevalent <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_471" id="Page_471">[471]</a></span>nature; as, for example,
+        ther is no express law against destroying conception in y<sup>e</sup>
+        wombe by potions, yet by anologie with Exod: 21. 22, 23. we may reason y<sup>t</sup>
+        life is to be given for life. Againe, y<sup>e</sup> question, An
+        contactus &amp; fricatio, &amp;c., and methinks y<sup>t</sup> place Gen:
+        38. 9. in y<sup>e</sup> punishmente of Onans sin, may give some cleare
+        light to it; it was (saith Pareus) beluina crudelitas quam Deus pari
+        loco cum parricidio habuit, nam semen corrumpere, quid fuit aliud quam
+        hominem ex semine generandum occidere? Propterea juste a Deo occisus
+        est. Observe his words. And againe, Discamus quantopere Deus abominetur
+        omnem seminis genitalis abusum, illicit&#257; effusionem, &amp;
+        corruption&#275;, &amp;c., very pertinente to this case. That allso is
+        considerable, Deut: 25. 11, 12. God comanded y<sup>t</sup>, if any wife
+        drue nigh to deliver her husband out of y<sup>e</sup> hand of him y<sup>t</sup>
+        smiteth him, &amp;c., her hand should be cutt off. Yet such a woman in y<sup>t</sup>
+        case might say much for her selfe, y<sup>t</sup> what she did was in
+        trouble &amp; perplexitie of her minde, &amp; in her husbands defence;
+        yet her hand must be cutt of for such impuritie (and this is morall, as
+        I conceive). Then we may reason from y<sup>e</sup> less to y<sup>e</sup>
+        greater, what greevous sin in y<sup>e</sup> sight of God it is, by y<sup>e</sup>
+        instigation of burning lusts, set on fire of hell, to proceede to
+        contactum &amp; fricationem ad emissionem seminis, &amp;c., &amp; y<sup>t</sup>
+        contra naturam, or to attempte y<sup>e</sup> grosse acts of unnaturall
+        filthines. Againe, if y<sup>t</sup> unnaturall lusts of men with men, or
+        woman with woman, or either with beasts, be to be punished with death,
+        then a pari naturall lusts of men towards children under age are so to
+        be punished.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        6. Circumstanti&aelig; variant vis e actiunes, (saith y<sup>e</sup>
+        lawiers,) &amp; circomstances in these cases cannot possibly be all reck&#275;d
+        up; but God hath given laws for those causes &amp; cases that are of
+        greatest momente, by which others are to be judged of, as in y<sup>e</sup>
+        differance betwixte chanc medley, &amp; willfull murder; so in y<sup>e</sup>
+        sins of uncleannes, it is one thing to doe <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_472" id="Page_472">[472]</a></span>an acte of uncleannes by
+        sudden temptation, &amp; another to lye in waite for it, yea, to make a
+        com&#773;une practise of it; this mightily augments &amp; multiplies y<sup>e</sup>
+        sin. Againe, some sin&#773;es of this nature are simple, others
+        compound, as y<sup>t</sup> is simple adultrie, or inceste, or simple
+        sodomie; but when ther is a mixture of diverce kinds of lust, as when
+        adultery &amp; sodomie &amp; p&#818;<sup>r</sup>ditio seminis goe
+        togeather in y<sup>e</sup> same acte of uncleannes, this is capitall,
+        double, &amp; trible. Againe, when adultrie or sodomie is com&#773;ited
+        by p&#818;fessors or church members, I fear it coms too near y<sup>e</sup>
+        sine of y<sup>e</sup> preists daughters, forbidden, &amp; comanded to be
+        punished, Levit: 21. 9. besids y<sup>e</sup> presumption of y<sup>e</sup>
+        sin&#773;es of such. Againe, when uncleannes is comited with those whose
+        chastity they are bound to p&#702;serve, this coms very nere the
+        incestious copulation, I feare; but I must hasten to y<sup>e</sup> other
+        questions.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        [248] 2. Question y<sup>e</sup> second, upon y<sup>e</sup> pointe of
+        examination, how farr a magistrate may extracte a confession from a
+        delinquente to accuse him selfe in a capitall crime, seeing Nemo tenetur
+        prodere seipsum.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Ans: The words of y<sup>e</sup> question may be understood of extracting
+        a confession from a delinquente either by oath or bodily tormente. If it
+        be mente of extracting by requiring an oath, (ex officio, as some call
+        it,) &amp; that in capitall crimes, I fear it is not safe, nor warented
+        by Gods word, to extracte a confession from a delinquente by an oath in
+        matters of life and death. (1.) Because y<sup>e</sup> practise in y<sup>e</sup>
+        Scripturs is other wise, as in y<sup>e</sup> case of Achan, Jos: 7. 19.
+        Give, I pray y<sup>e</sup>, glorie to y<sup>e</sup> Lord God of Israll,
+        and make a confession to him, &amp; tell me how thou hast done. He did
+        not compell him to sweare. So when as Johnathans life was indangered, 1.
+        Sam. 14. 43. Saule said unto Johnathan, Tell me what thou hast done; he
+        did not require an oath. And notable is y<sup>t</sup>, Jer: 38. 14.
+        Jeremiah was charged by Zedechias, who said, I will aske the a thing,
+        hide it not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_473" id="Page_473">[473]</a></span>from
+        me; &amp; Jeremiah said, If I declare it unto y<sup>e</sup>, wilt thou
+        not surely put me to death? impling y<sup>t</sup>, in case of death, he
+        would have refused to answer him. (2.) Reason shews it, &amp;
+        experience; Job: 2. 4. Skin for skin, &amp;c. It is to be feared y<sup>t</sup>
+        those words (whatsoever a man hath) will comprehend also y<sup>e</sup>
+        conscience of an oath, and y<sup>e</sup> fear of God, and all care of
+        religion; therfore for laying a snare before y<sup>e</sup> guiltie, I
+        think it ought not to be donn. But now, if y<sup>e</sup> question be
+        mente of inflicting bodyly torments to extracte a confession from a
+        mallefactor, I conceive y<sup>t</sup> in maters of higest consequence,
+        such as doe conceirne y<sup>e</sup> saftie or ruine of stats or
+        countries, magistrats may proceede so farr to bodily torments, as racks,
+        hote-irons, &amp;c., to extracte a conffession, espetially wher
+        presumptions are strounge; but otherwise by no means. God sometims hids
+        a sinner till his wickednes is filled up.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Question 3. In what cases of capitall crimes, one witnes with other
+        circumstances shall be sufficente to convicte, or is ther no conviction
+        without 2. witneses?
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Deut: 19. 25. God hath given an express rule y<sup>t</sup> in no case
+        one witness shall arise in judgmente, espetially not in capitall cases.
+        God would not put our lives into y<sup>e</sup> power of any one toungue.
+        Besids, by y<sup>e</sup> examination of more wittneses agreeing or
+        disagreeing, any falshood ordenarilly may be discovered; but this is to
+        be understood of one witnes of another; but if a man witnes against him
+        selfe, his owne testimony is sufficente, as in y<sup>e</sup> case of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Amalakite, 2. Sam: 1. 16. Againe, when ther are sure &amp; certaine
+        signes &amp; evidences by circumstances, ther needs no witnes in this
+        case, as in y<sup>e</sup> bussines of Adoniah desiring Abishage y<sup>e</sup>
+        Shunamite to wife, that therby he might make way for him selfe unto y<sup>e</sup>
+        kingdome, 1. King: 2. 23, 24. Againe, probably by many concurring
+        circumstances, if probability may have y<sup>e</sup> strength of a
+        witnes, somthing may be this <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_474"
+        id="Page_474">[474]</a></span>way gathered, me thinks, from Sallomons
+        judging betweexte y<sup>e</sup> true mother, and y<sup>e</sup> harlote,
+        1. King. 3. 25. Lastly, I see no cause why in waighty matters, in
+        defecte of witneses &amp; other proofes, we may not have recourse to a
+        lott, as in y<sup>e</sup> case of Achan, Josu: 7. 16. which is a clearer
+        way in such doubtfull cases (it being solemnely &amp; religiously
+        performed) then any other that I know, if it be made y<sup>e</sup> last
+        refuge. But all this under correction.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The Lord in mercie directe &amp; prosper y<sup>e</sup> desires of his
+        servants that desire to walk before him in truth &amp; righteousnes in
+        the administration of justice, and give them wisdome and largnes of
+        harte.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">Charles Channcy.</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Besids y<sup>e</sup> occation before mentioned in these writings
+      concerning the abuse of those 2. children, they had aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      same time a case of buggerie fell out amongst them, which occasioned these
+      questions, to which these answers have been made.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And after y<sup>e</sup> time of y<sup>e</sup> writ&#299;g of these things
+      befell a very sadd accidente of the like foule nature in this govermente,
+      this very year, which I shall now relate. Ther was a youth whose name was
+      Thomas Granger; he was servant to an honest man of Duxbery, being aboute
+      16. or 17. years of age. (His father &amp; mother lived at the same time
+      at Sityate.) He was this year detected of buggery (and indicted for y<sup>e</sup>
+      same) with a mare, a cowe, tow goats, five sheep, 2. calves, and a turkey.
+      Horrible [249] it is to mention, but y<sup>e</sup> truth of y<sup>e</sup>
+      historie requires it. He was first discovered by one y<sup>t</sup>
+      accidentally <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_475" id="Page_475">[475]</a></span>saw
+      his lewd practise towards the mare. (I forbear perticulers.) Being upon it
+      examined and com&#773;itted, in y<sup>e</sup> end he not only confest y<sup>e</sup>
+      fact with that beast at that time, but sundrie times before, and at
+      severall times with all y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> forenamed in
+      his indictmente; and this his free-confession was not only in private to y<sup>e</sup>
+      magistrats, (though at first he strived to deney it,) but to sundrie, both
+      ministers &amp; others, and afterwards, upon his indictmente, to y<sup>e</sup>
+      whole court &amp; jury; and confirmed it at his execution. And wheras some
+      of y<sup>e</sup> sheep could not so well be knowne by his description of
+      them, others with them were brought before him, and he declared which were
+      they, and which were not. And accordingly he was cast by y<sup>e</sup>
+      jury, and condemned, and after executed about y<sup>e</sup> 8. of Sept<sup>r</sup>,
+      1642. A very sade spectakle it was; for first the mare, and then y<sup>e</sup>
+      cowe, and y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> lesser catle, were kild
+      before his face, according to y<sup>e</sup> law, Levit: 20. 15. and then
+      he him selfe was executed. The catle were all cast into a great &amp;
+      large pitte that was digged of purposs for them, and no use made of any
+      part of them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Upon y<sup>e</sup> examenation of this person, and also of a former that
+      had made some sodomiticall attempts upon another, it being demanded of
+      them how they came first to y<sup>e</sup> knowledge and practice of such
+      wickednes, the one confessed he had long used it in old England; and this
+      youth last spoaken of said he was taught it <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_476" id="Page_476">[476]</a></span>by an other that had heard
+      of such things from some in England when he was ther, and they kept catle
+      togeather. By which it appears how one wicked person may infecte many; and
+      what care all ought to have what servants they bring into their families.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But it may be demanded how came it to pass that so many wicked persons and
+      profane people should so quickly come over into this land, &amp; mixe them
+      selves amongst them? seeing it was religious men y<sup>t</sup> begane y<sup>e</sup>
+      work, and they came for religions sake. I confess this may be marveilled
+      at, at least in time to come, when the reasons therof should not be
+      knowne; and y<sup>e</sup> more because here was so many hardships and
+      wants mett withall. I shall therfore indeavor to give some answer
+      hereunto. And first, according to y<sup>t</sup> in y<sup>e</sup> gospell,
+      it is ever to be remembred that wher y<sup>e</sup> Lord begins to sow good
+      seed, ther y<sup>e</sup> envious man will endeavore to sow tares. 2. Men
+      being to come over into a wildernes, in which much labour &amp; servise
+      was to be done aboute building &amp; planting, &amp;c., such as wanted
+      help in y<sup>t</sup> respecte, when they could not have such as y<sup>ey</sup>
+      would, were glad to take such as they could; and so, many untoward
+      servants, sundry of them proved, that were thus brought over, both men
+      &amp; women kind: who, when their times were expired, became families of
+      them selves, which gave increase hereunto. 3. An other and a maine reason
+      hearof was, that men, finding <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_477"
+      id="Page_477">[477]</a></span>so many godly disposed persons willing to
+      come into these parts, some begane to make a trade of it, to transeport
+      passengers &amp; their goods, and hired ships for that end; and then, to
+      make up their fraight and advance their profite, cared not who y<sup>e</sup>
+      persons were, so they had money to pay them. And by this means the cuntrie
+      became pestered with many unworthy persons, who, being come over, crept
+      into one place or other. 4. Againe, the Lords blesing usually following
+      his people, as well in outward as spirituall things, (though afflictions
+      be mixed withall,) doe make many to adhear to y<sup>e</sup> people of God,
+      as many followed Christ, for y<sup>e</sup> loaves sake, John 6. 26. and a
+      mixed multitud came into y<sup>e</sup> willdernes with y<sup>e</sup>
+      people of God out of Eagipte of old, Exod. 12. 38; so allso ther were
+      sente by their freinds some under hope y<sup>t</sup> they would be made
+      better; others that they might be eased of such burthens, and they kept
+      from shame at home y<sup>t</sup> would necessarily follow their dissolute
+      courses. And thus, by one means or other, in 20. years time, it is a
+      question whether y<sup>e</sup> greater part be not growne y<sup>e</sup>
+      worser.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [250] I am now come to y<sup>e</sup> conclusion of that long &amp; tedious
+      bussines betweene y<sup>e</sup> partners hear, &amp; them in England, the
+      which I shall manifest by their owne letters as followeth, in such parts
+      of them as are pertinente to y<sup>e</sup> same.<span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_478" id="Page_478">[478]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys to M<sup>r</sup>. Attwood.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Attwood, my approved loving friend: Your letter of y<sup>e</sup>
+        18. of October last I have received, wherin I find you have taken a
+        great deall of paines and care aboute y<sup>t</sup> troublesome bussines
+        betwixte our Plimoth partners &amp; freinds, &amp; us hear, and have
+        deeply ingaged your selfe, for which complements &amp; words are no
+        reall satisfaction, &amp;c. For y<sup>e</sup> agreemente you have made
+        with M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford, M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+        rest of y<sup>e</sup> partners ther, considering how honestly and justly
+        I am perswaded they have brought in an accounte of y<sup>e</sup>
+        remaining stock, for my owne parte I am well satisfied, and so I thinke
+        is M<sup>r</sup>. Andrewes, and I supose will be M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Beachampe, if most of it might acrew to him, to whom y<sup>e</sup> least
+        is due, &amp;c. And now for peace sake, and to conclud as we began,
+        lovingly and freindly, and to pass by all failings of all, the conclude
+        is accepted of; I say this agreemente y<sup>t</sup> you have made is
+        condesended unto, and M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews hath sent his release to M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Winthrop, with such directions as he conceives fitt; and I have made
+        bould to trouble you with mine, and we have both sealed in y<sup>e</sup>
+        presence of M<sup>r</sup>. Weld, and M<sup>r</sup>. Peeters, and some
+        others, and I have also sente you an other, for the partners ther, to
+        seale to me; for you must not deliver mine to them, excepte they seale
+        &amp; deliver one to me; this is fitt and equall, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Yours to com&#773;and in what I may or can,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        June 14. 1642.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        <i>His to y<sup>e</sup> partners as followeth.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Loving freinds,
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford, M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, M<sup>r</sup>. Prence,
+        Captaine Standish, M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, M<sup>r</sup>. Alden, &amp;
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Howland, give me leave to joyne you all in one letter,
+        concerning y<sup>e</sup> finall end <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_479" id="Page_479">[479]</a></span>&amp; conclude of y<sup>t</sup>
+        tedious &amp; troublsome bussines, &amp; I thinke I may truly say
+        uncomfurtable &amp; unprofitable to all, &amp;c. It hath pleased God now
+        to put us upon a way to sease all suits, and disquieting of our
+        spirites, and to conclude with peace and love, as we began. I am
+        contented to yeeld &amp; make good what M<sup>r</sup>. Attwood and you
+        have agreed upon; and for y<sup>t</sup> end have sente to my loving
+        friend, M<sup>r</sup>. Attwood, an absolute and generall release unto
+        you all, and if ther wante any thing to make it more full, write it your
+        selves, &amp; it shall be done, provided y<sup>t</sup> all you, either
+        joyntly or severally, seale y<sup>e</sup> like discharge to me. And for
+        y<sup>t</sup> end I have drawne one joyntly, and sent it to M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Attwood, with y<sup>t</sup> I have sealed to you. Mr. Andrews hath
+        sealed an aquitance also, &amp; sent it to M<sup>r</sup>. Winthrop,
+        whith such directions as he conceived fitt, and, as I hear, hath given
+        his debte, which he maks 544<sup>li</sup>. unto y<sup>e</sup> gentlemen
+        of y<sup>e</sup> Bay. Indeed, M<sup>r</sup>. Welld, M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Peters, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Hibbens have taken a great deale of paines
+        with M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, &amp; my selfe, to
+        bring us to agree, and to y<sup>t</sup> end we have had many meetings
+        and spent much time aboute it. But as they are very religious &amp;
+        honest gentle-men, yet they had an end y<sup>t</sup> they drove at &amp;
+        laboured to accomplish (I meane not any private end, but for y<sup>e</sup>
+        generall good of their patente). It had been very well you had sent one
+        over. M<sup>r</sup>. Andrew wished you might have one 3. parte of y<sup>e</sup>
+        1200<sup>li</sup>. &amp; the Bay 2. thirds; but then we 3. must have
+        agreed togeather, which were a hard mater now. But M<sup>r</sup>. Weld,
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Peters, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Hibbens, &amp; I, have
+        agreed, they giving you bond (so to compose with M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Beachamp, as) to procure his generall release, &amp; free you from all
+        trouble &amp; charge y<sup>t</sup> he may put you too; which indeed is
+        nothing, for I am perswaded M<sup>r</sup>. Weld will in time gaine him
+        to give them all that is dew to [251] him, which in some sorte is
+        granted allready; for though his demands be great, yet M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Andrewes hath taken some paines in it, and makes it appear to be less
+        then I thinke he will consente to give them for so good an <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_480" id="Page_480">[480]</a></span>use; so
+        you neede not fear, that for taking bond ther to save you harmles, you
+        be safe and well. Now our accord is, y<sup>t</sup> you must pay to y<sup>e</sup>
+        gentle-men of y<sup>e</sup> Bay 900<sup>li</sup>.; they are to bear all
+        chargs y<sup>t</sup> may any way arise concerning y<sup>e</sup> free
+        &amp; absolute clearing of you from us three. And you to have y<sup>e</sup>
+        other 300<sup>li</sup>. &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Upon y<sup>e</sup> receiving of my release from you, I will send you
+        your bonds for y<sup>e</sup> purchass money. I would have sent them now,
+        but I would have M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp release as well as I, because
+        you are bound to him in them. Now I know if a man be bound to 12. men,
+        if one release, it is as if all released, and my discharge doth cutt
+        them of; wherfore doubte you not but you shall have them, &amp; your
+        commission, or any thing els that is fitt. Now you know ther is tow
+        years of y<sup>e</sup> purchass money, that I would not owne, for I have
+        formerley certified you y<sup>t</sup> would but pay 7. years; but now
+        you are discharged of all, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:26em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your loving and kind friend in what I may or can,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        June 14. 1642.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The coppy of his release is as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        Wheras diverce questions, differences, &amp; demands have arisen &amp;
+        depended betweene William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence,
+        Mylest Standish, William Brewster, John Allden, and John Howland, gent:
+        now or latly inhabitants or resident at New-Plimoth, in New-England, on
+        y<sup>e</sup> one party, and James Sherley of London, marchante, and
+        others, in th' other parte, for &amp; concerning a stocke &amp; partable
+        trade of beaver &amp; other comodities, and fraighting of ships, as y<sup>e</sup>
+        White Angell, Frindship, or others, and y<sup>e</sup> goods of Isaack
+        Allerton which were seazed upon by vertue of a leter of atturney made by
+        y<sup>e</sup> said James Sherley and John Beachamp and Richard Andrews,
+        or any other maters concerning y<sup>e</sup> said <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_481" id="Page_481">[481]</a></span>trade, either hear in
+        Old-England or ther in New-England or elsewher, all which differences
+        are since by mediation of freinds composed, compremissed, and all y<sup>e</sup>
+        said parties agreed. Now know all men by these presents, that I, the
+        said James Sherley, in performance of y<sup>e</sup> said compremise
+        &amp; agreemente, have remised, released, and quite claimed, &amp; doe
+        by these presents remise, release, and for me, myne heires, executors,
+        &amp; Administrators, and for every of us, for ever quite claime unto y<sup>e</sup>
+        said William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles Standish,
+        William Brewster, John Allden, &amp; John Howland, and every of them,
+        their &amp; every of their heires, executors, and administrators, all
+        and all maner of actions, suits, debts, accounts, rekonings, comissions,
+        bonds, bills, specialties, judgments, executions, claimes, challinges,
+        differences, and demands whatsoever, with or against y<sup>e</sup> said
+        William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles Standish, William
+        Brewster, John Allden, and John Howland, or any of them, ever I had, now
+        have, or in time to come can, shall, or may have, for any mater, cause,
+        or thing whatsoever from y<sup>e</sup> begining of y<sup>e</sup> world
+        untill y<sup>e</sup> day of y<sup>e</sup> date of these presents. In
+        witnes wherof I have hereunto put my hand &amp; seale, given the second
+        day of June, 1642, and in y<sup>e</sup> eighteenth year of y<sup>e</sup>
+        raigne of our soveraigne lord, king Charles, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Sealed and delivered <br /> &nbsp; &nbsp;in y<sup>e</sup> presence of
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig_multi">
+          <span class="smcap">Thomas Weld</span>,<br /> <span class="smcap">Hugh
+          Peters</span>,<br /> <span class="smcap">William Hibbins</span>.<br />
+          <span class="smcap">Arthur Tirrey</span>, Scr.<br /> <span class="smcap">Tho:
+          Sturgs</span>, his servante.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews his discharg was to y<sup>e</sup> same effecte; he
+      was by agreem&#275;te to have 500<sup>li</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> money,
+      the which <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_482" id="Page_482">[482]</a></span>he
+      gave to them in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, who brought his discharge and demanded
+      y<sup>e</sup> money. And they tooke in his release and paid y<sup>e</sup>
+      money according to agreem&#275;te, viz. one third of the 500<sup>li</sup>.
+      they paid downe in hand, and y<sup>e</sup> rest in 4. equall payments, to
+      be paid yearly, for which they gave their bonds. And wheras 44<sup>li</sup>.
+      was more demanded, they conceived they could take it of with M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Andrews, and therfore it was not in the bonde. [252] But M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Beachamp would not parte with any of his, but demanded 400<sup>li</sup>.
+      of y<sup>e</sup> partners here, &amp; sent a release to a friend, to
+      deliver it to them upon y<sup>e</sup> receite of y<sup>e</sup> money. But
+      his relese was not perfecte, for he had left out some of y<sup>e</sup>
+      partners names, with some other defects; and besids, the other gave them
+      to understand he had not near so much due. So no end was made with him
+      till 4. years after; of which in it plase. And in y<sup>t</sup> regard,
+      that them selves did not agree, I shall inserte some part of M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Andrews letter, by which he conceives y<sup>e</sup> partners here were
+      wronged, as followeth. This leter of his was write to M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Edmond Freeman, brother in law to M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Freeman,
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        My love remembred unto you, &amp;c. I then certified y<sup>e</sup>
+        partners how I found M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Sherley, in their perticuler demands, which was according to mens
+        principles, of getting what they could; allthough y<sup>e</sup> one will
+        not shew any accounte, and y<sup>e</sup> other a very unfaire and unjust
+        one; and both of them discouraged me from sending y<sup>e</sup> partners
+        my accounte, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp espetially. Their reason, I have
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_483" id="Page_483">[483]</a></span>cause
+        to conceive, was, y<sup>t</sup> allthough I doe not, nor ever intended
+        to, wrong y<sup>e</sup> partners or y<sup>e</sup> bussines, yet, if I
+        gave no accounte, I might be esteemed as guiltie as they, in some degree
+        at least; and they might seeme to be y<sup>e</sup> more free from
+        taxation in not delivering their accounts, who have both of them charged
+        y<sup>e</sup> accounte with much intrest they have payed forth, and one
+        of them would likwise for much intrest he hath not paid forth, as
+        appeareth by his accounte, &amp;c. And seeing y<sup>e</sup> partners
+        have now made it appear y<sup>t</sup> ther is 1200<sup>li</sup>.
+        remaining due between us all, and that it may appear by my accounte I
+        have not charged y<sup>e</sup> bussines with any intrest, but doe
+        forgive it unto y<sup>e</sup> partners, above 200<sup>li</sup>. if M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Sherley &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, who have betweene them wronged y<sup>e</sup>
+        bussines so many 100<sup>li</sup>. both in principall &amp; intrest
+        likwise, and have therin wronged me as well and as much as any of y<sup>e</sup>
+        partners; yet if they will not make &amp; deliver faire &amp; true
+        accounts of y<sup>e</sup> same, nor be contente to take what by
+        computation is more then can be justly due to either, that is, to M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Beachamp 150<sup>li</sup>. as by M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons accounte, and
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys accounte, on oath in chancerie; and though ther
+        might be nothing due to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, yet he requirs 100<sup>li</sup>.
+        &amp;c. I conceive, seing y<sup>e</sup> partners have delivered on their
+        oaths y<sup>e</sup> sum&#773;e remaining in their hands, that they may
+        justly detaine y<sup>e</sup> 650<sup>li</sup>. which may remaine in
+        their hands, after I am satisfied, untill M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Beachamp will be more fair &amp; just in their ending, &amp;c. And as I
+        intend, if y<sup>e</sup> partners fayrly end with me, in satisfing in
+        parte and ingaging them selves for y<sup>e</sup> rest of my said 544<sup>li</sup>.
+        to returne back for y<sup>e</sup> poore my parte of y<sup>e</sup> land
+        at Sityate, so likwise I intend to relinquish my right &amp; intrest in
+        their dear patente, on which much of our money was laid forth, and also
+        my right &amp; intrest in their cheap purchass, the which may have cost
+        me first &amp; last 350<sup>li</sup>.<a name="FNanchor_EO_145"
+        id="FNanchor_EO_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_EO_145" class="fnanchor">[EO]</a>
+        But I doubte whether other men have not <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_484" id="Page_484">[484]</a></span>charged or taken on
+        accounte what they have disbursed in y<sup>e</sup> like case, which I
+        have not charged, neither did I conceive any other durst so doe, untill
+        I saw y<sup>e</sup> accounte of the one and heard y<sup>e</sup> words of
+        y<sup>e</sup> other; the which gives me just cause to suspecte both
+        their accounts to be unfaire; for it seemeth they consulted one with
+        another aboute some perticulers therin. Therfore I conceive y<sup>e</sup>
+        partners ought y<sup>e</sup> rather to require just accounts from each
+        of them before they parte with any money to either of them. For
+        marchants understand how to give an acounte; if they mean fairley, they
+        will not deney to give an accounte, for they keep memorialls to helpe
+        them to give exacte acounts in all perticulers, and memoriall cannot
+        forget his charge, if y<sup>e</sup> man will remember. I desire not to
+        wrong M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp or M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, nor may be
+        silente in such apparente probabilities of their wronging y<sup>e</sup>
+        partners, and me likwise, either in deneying to deliver or shew any
+        accounte, or in delivering one very unjuste in some perticulers, and
+        very suspitious in many more; either of which, being from understanding
+        marchants, cannot be from weaknes or simplisitie, and therfore y<sup>e</sup>
+        more unfaire. So comending you &amp; yours, and all y<sup>e</sup> Lord's
+        people, unto y<sup>e</sup> gratious protection and blessing of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Lord, and rest your loving friend,
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">Richard Andrewes</span>.
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        Aprill 7. 1643.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This leter was write y<sup>e</sup> year after y<sup>e</sup> agreement, as
+      doth appear; and what his judgmente was herein, y<sup>e</sup> contents
+      doth manifest, and so I leave it to y<sup>e</sup> equall judgmente of any
+      to consider, as they see cause.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Only I shall adde what M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley furder write in a leter of
+      his, about y<sup>e</sup> same time, and so leave this bussines. His is as
+      followeth on y<sup>e</sup> other side.<a name="FNanchor_EP_146"
+      id="FNanchor_EP_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_EP_146" class="fnanchor">[EP]</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_485" id="Page_485">[485]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        [253] Loving freinds, M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford, M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow,
+        Cap: Standish, M<sup>r</sup>. Prence, and y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+        partners w<sup>th</sup> you; I shall write this generall leter to you
+        all, hoping it will be a good conclude of a generall, but a costly &amp;
+        tedious bussines I thinke to all, I am sure to me, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        I received from M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow a letter of y<sup>e</sup> 28. of
+        Sept: last, and so much as concernes y<sup>e</sup> generall bussines I
+        shall answer in this, not knowing whether I shall have opportunitie to
+        write perticuler letters, &amp;c. I expected more letters from you all,
+        as some perticuler writs,<a name="FNanchor_EQ_147" id="FNanchor_EQ_147"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_EQ_147" class="fnanchor">[EQ]</a> but it seemeth no fitt
+        opportunity was offered. And now, though y<sup>e</sup> bussines for y<sup>e</sup>
+        maine may stand, yet some perticulers is alltered; I say my former
+        agreemente with M<sup>r</sup>. Weld &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Peters, before
+        they<a name="FNanchor_ER_148" id="FNanchor_ER_148"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_ER_148" class="fnanchor">[ER]</a> could conclude or gett
+        any grante of M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, they sought to have my release;
+        and ther upon they sealed me a bond for a 110<sup>li</sup>. So I sente
+        my acquittance, for they said without mine ther would be no end made (&amp;
+        ther was good reason for it). Now they hoped, if y<sup>ey</sup> ended
+        with me, to gaine M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews parte, as they did holy, to a
+        pound, (at which I should wonder, but y<sup>t</sup> I observe some
+        passages,) and they also hoped to have gotten M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamps
+        part, &amp; I did thinke he would have given it them. But if he did well
+        understand him selfe, &amp; that acounte, he would give it; for his
+        demands make a great sound.<a name="FNanchor_ES_149" id="FNanchor_ES_149"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_ES_149" class="fnanchor">[ES]</a> But it seemeth he
+        would not parte with it, supposing it too great a sume, and y<sup>t</sup>
+        he might easily gaine it from you. Once he would have given them 40<sup>li</sup>.
+        but now they say he will not doe that, or rather I suppose they will not
+        take it; for if they doe, &amp; have M<sup>r</sup>. Andrewses, then they
+        must pay me their bond of 110<sup>li</sup>. 3 months hence. Now it will
+        fall out farr better for you, y<sup>t</sup> they deal not with Mr.
+        Beachamp, and also for me, if you <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_486" id="Page_486">[486]</a></span>be as kind to me as I have
+        been &amp; will be to you; and y<sup>t</sup> thus, if you pay M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Andrews, or y<sup>e</sup> Bay men, by his order, 544<sup>li</sup>. which
+        is his full demande; but if looked into, perhaps might be less. The man
+        is honest, &amp; in my conscience would not wittingly doe wronge, yett
+        he may forgett as well as other men; and M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow may call
+        to minde wherin he forgetts; (but some times it is good to buy peace.)
+        The gentlemen of y<sup>e</sup> Bay may abate 100<sup>li</sup>. and so
+        both sids have more right &amp; justice then if they exacte all, &amp;c.
+        Now if you send me a 150<sup>li</sup>. then say M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews
+        full sume, &amp; this, it is nere 700<sup>li</sup>. M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Beachamp he demands 400<sup>li</sup>. and we all know that, if a man
+        demands money, he must shew wherfore, and make proofe of his debte;
+        which I know he can never make good proafe of one hunderd pound dew unto
+        him as principall money; so till he can, you have good reason to keep y<sup>e</sup>
+        500<sup>li</sup>. &amp;c. This I proteste I write not in malice against
+        M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, for it is a reall truth. You may partly see it
+        by M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews making up his accounte, and I think you are
+        all perswaded I can say more then M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews concerning that
+        accounte. I wish I could make up my owne as plaine &amp; easily, but
+        because of former discontents, I will be sparing till I be called; &amp;
+        you may injoye y<sup>e</sup> 500<sup>li</sup>. quietly till he begine;
+        for let him take his course hear or ther, it shall be all one, I will
+        doe him no wronge; and if he have not on peney more, he is less loser
+        then either M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews or I. This I conceive to be just
+        &amp; honest; y<sup>e</sup> having or not having of his release matters
+        not; let him make such proafe of his debte as you cannot disprove, and
+        according to your first agreemente you will pay it, &amp;c.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:17em;">
+        <div class="closing">
+          Your truly affectioned friend,
+        </div>
+        <div class="ltr_sig">
+          <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+        London, Aprill 27. 1643.
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_487" id="Page_487">[487]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1643" id="a1643"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1643.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I am to begine this year whith that which was a mater of great saddnes and
+      mo&#363;ring unto them all. Aboute y<sup>e</sup> 18. of Aprill dyed their
+      Reve<sup>d</sup> Elder, and my dear &amp; loving friend, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      William Brewster; a man that had done and suffered much for y<sup>e</sup>
+      Lord Jesus and y<sup>e</sup> gospells sake, and had bore his parte in well
+      and woe with this poore persecuted church above 36. years [254] in
+      England, Holand, and in this wildernes, and done y<sup>e</sup> Lord &amp;
+      them faithfull service in his place &amp; calling. And notwithstanding y<sup>e</sup>
+      many troubls and sorrows he passed throw, the Lord upheld him to a great
+      age. He was nere fourskore years of age (if not all out) when he dyed. He
+      had this blesing added by y<sup>e</sup> Lord to all y<sup>e</sup> rest, to
+      dye in his bed, in peace, amongst y<sup>e</sup> mids of his freinds, who
+      mourned &amp; wepte over him, and ministered what help &amp; comforte they
+      could unto him, and he againe recomforted them whilst he could. His
+      sicknes was not long, and till y<sup>e</sup> last day therof he did not
+      wholy keepe his bed. His speech continued till somewhat more then halfe a
+      day, &amp; then failed him; and aboute 9. or 10. a clock that ev&#299;ng
+      he dyed, without any pangs at all. A few howers before, he drew his breath
+      shorte, and some few minuts before his last, he drew his breath long, as a
+      man falen into a sound slepe, without any pangs or gaspings, and so
+      sweetly departed this life unto a better.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_488" id="Page_488">[488]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I would now demand of any, what he was y<sup>e</sup> worse for any former
+      sufferings? What doe I say, worse? Nay, sure he was y<sup>e</sup> better,
+      and they now added to his honour. <i>It is a manifest token</i> (saith y<sup>e</sup>
+      Apostle, 2. Thes: 1. 5, 6, 7.) <i>of y<sup>e</sup> righeous judgmente of
+      God that you may be counted worthy of y<sup>e</sup> kingdome of God, for
+      which ye allso suffer; seing it is a righteous thing with God to
+      recompence tribulation to them y<sup>t</sup> trouble you: and to you who
+      are troubled, rest with us, when y<sup>e</sup> Lord Jesus shall be
+      revealed from heaven, with his mighty angels.</i> 1. Pet. 4. 14. <i>If you
+      be reproached for y<sup>e</sup> name of Christ, hapy are ye, for y<sup>e</sup>
+      spirite of glory and of God resteth upon you.</i> What though he wanted y<sup>e</sup>
+      riches and pleasurs of y<sup>e</sup> world in this life, and pompous
+      monuments at his funurall? yet y<sup>e</sup> memoriall of y<sup>e</sup>
+      just shall be blessed, when y<sup>e</sup> name of y<sup>e</sup> wicked
+      shall rott (with their marble monuments). Pro: 10. 7.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I should say something of his life, if to say a litle were not worse then
+      to be silent. But I cannot wholy forbear, though hapily more may be done
+      hereafter. After he had attained some learning, viz. y<sup>e</sup>
+      knowledg of y<sup>e</sup> Latine tongue, &amp; some insight in y<sup>e</sup>
+      Greeke, and spent some small time at Cambridge, and then being first
+      seasoned with y<sup>e</sup> seeds of grace and vertue, he went to y<sup>e</sup>
+      Courte, and served that religious and godly gentlman, M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Davison, diverce years, when he was Secretary of State; who found him so
+      discreete and faithfull <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_489"
+      id="Page_489">[489]</a></span>as he trusted him above all other that were
+      aboute him, and only imployed him in all matters of greatest trust and
+      secrecie. He esteemed him rather as a sonne then a servante, and for his
+      wisdom &amp; godlines (in private) he would converse with him more like a
+      freind &amp; familier then a maister. He attended his m<sup>r</sup>. when
+      he was sente in ambassage by the Queene into y<sup>e</sup> Low-Countries,
+      in y<sup>e</sup> Earle of Leicesters time, as for other waighty affaires
+      of state, so to receive possession of the cautionary townes, and in token
+      &amp; signe therof the keyes of Flushing being delivered to him, in her ma<sup>tis</sup>
+      name, he kepte them some time, and com&#773;itted them to this his
+      servante, who kept them under his pilow, on which he slepte y<sup>e</sup>
+      first night. And, at his returne, y<sup>e</sup> States honoured him with a
+      gould chaine, and his maister com&#773;itted it to him, and com&#773;anded
+      him to wear it when they arrived in England, as they ridd thorrow the
+      country, till they came to y<sup>e</sup> Courte. He afterwards remained
+      with him till his troubles, that he was put from his place aboute y<sup>e</sup>
+      death of y<sup>e</sup> Queene of Scots; and some good time after, doeing
+      him manie faithfull offices of servise in y<sup>e</sup> time of his
+      troubles. Afterwards he wente and lived in y<sup>e</sup> country, in good
+      esteeme amongst his freinds and y<sup>e</sup> gentle-men of those parts,
+      espetially the godly &amp; religious. He did much good in y<sup>e</sup>
+      countrie wher he lived, in promoting and furthering religion, not only by
+      his practiss &amp; example, and provocking and incouraging of others, but
+      by procuring <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_490" id="Page_490">[490]</a></span>of
+      good preachers to y<sup>e</sup> places theraboute, and, drawing on of
+      others to assiste &amp; help forward in such a worke; he him selfe most
+      comonly deepest in y<sup>e</sup> charge, &amp; some times above his
+      abillitie. And in this state he continued many years, doeing y<sup>e</sup>
+      best good he could, and walking according to y<sup>e</sup> light he saw,
+      till y<sup>e</sup> Lord reveiled further unto him. And in y<sup>e</sup>
+      end, by y<sup>e</sup> tirrany of y<sup>e</sup> bishops against godly
+      preachers &amp; people, in silenceing the one &amp; persecuting y<sup>e</sup>
+      other, he and many more of those times begane to looke further into
+      things, and to see into y<sup>e</sup> unlawfullnes of their callings, and
+      y<sup>e</sup> burthen of many anti-christian corruptions, which both he
+      and they endeavored to cast of; as y<sup>ey</sup> allso did, as in y<sup>e</sup>
+      begining of this treatis is to be seene. [255] After they were joyned
+      togither in comunion, he was a spetiall stay &amp; help unto them. They
+      ordinarily mett at his house on y<sup>e</sup> Lords day, (which was a
+      manor of y<sup>e</sup> bishops,) and with great love he entertained them
+      when they came, making provission for them to his great charge. He was y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheefe of those that were taken at Boston, and suffered y<sup>e</sup>
+      greatest loss; and of y<sup>e</sup> seven that were kept longst in prison,
+      and after bound over to y<sup>e</sup> assises. Affter he came into Holland
+      he suffered much hardship, after he had spente y<sup>e</sup> most of his
+      means, haveing a great charge, and many children; and, in regard of his
+      former breeding &amp; course of life, not so fitt for many imployments as
+      others were, espetially such as were toylesume &amp; <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_491" id="Page_491">[491]</a></span>laborious. But yet he ever
+      bore his condition with much cherfullnes and contentation. Towards y<sup>e</sup>
+      later parte of those 12. years spente in Holland, his outward condition
+      was mended, and he lived well &amp; plentifully; for he fell into a way
+      (by reason he had y<sup>e</sup> Latine tongue) to teach many students, who
+      had a disire to lerne y<sup>e</sup> English tongue, to teach them English;
+      and by his method they quickly attained it with great facilitie; for he
+      drew rules to lerne it by, after y<sup>e</sup> Latine maner; and many
+      gentlemen, both Danes &amp; Germans, resorted to him, as they had time
+      from other studies, some of them being great mens son&#773;es. He also had
+      means to set up printing, (by y<sup>e</sup> help of some freinds,) and so
+      had imploymente inoughg, and by reason of many books which would not be
+      alowed to be printed in England, they might have had more then they could
+      doe. But now removeing into this countrie, all these things were laid
+      aside againe, and a new course of living must be framed unto; in which he
+      was no way unwilling to take his parte, and to bear his burthen with y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest, living many times without bread, or corne, many months together,
+      having many times nothing but fish, and often wanting that also; and
+      drunke nothing but water for many years togeather, yea, till within 5. or
+      6. years of his death. And yet he lived (by y<sup>e</sup> blessing of God)
+      in health till very old age. And besids y<sup>t</sup>, he would labour
+      with his hands in y<sup>e</sup> feilds as long as he was able; yet when
+      the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_492" id="Page_492">[492]</a></span>church
+      had no other minister, he taught twise every Saboth, and y<sup>t</sup>
+      both powerfully and profitably, to y<sup>e</sup> great contentment of y<sup>e</sup>
+      hearers, and their comfortable edification; yea, many were brought to God
+      by his ministrie. He did more in this behalfe in a year, then many that
+      have their hundreds a year doe in all their lives. For his personall
+      abilities, he was qualified above many; he was wise and discreete and well
+      spoken, having a grave &amp; deliberate utterance, of a very cherfull
+      spirite, very sociable &amp; pleasante amongst his freinds, of an humble
+      and modest mind, of a peaceable disposition, under vallewing him self
+      &amp; his owne abilities, and some time over valewing others; inoffencive
+      and in&#773;ocente in his life &amp; conversation, w<sup>ch</sup> gained
+      him y<sup>e</sup> love of those without, as well as those within; yet he
+      would tell them plainely of their faults &amp; evills, both publickly
+      &amp; privatly, but in such a maner as usually was well taken from him. He
+      was tender harted, and compassionate of such as were in miserie, but
+      espetialy of such as had been of good estate and ranke, and were fallen
+      unto want &amp; poverty, either for goodnes &amp; religions sake, or by y<sup>e</sup>
+      injury &amp; oppression of others; he would say, of all men these deserved
+      to be pitied most. And none did more offend &amp; displease him then such
+      as would hautily and proudly carry &amp; lift up themselves, being rise
+      from nothing, and haveing litle els in them to comend them but a few fine
+      cloaths, or a litle riches more then others. In <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_493" id="Page_493">[493]</a></span>teaching, he was very moving
+      &amp; stirring of affections, also very plaine &amp; distincte in what he
+      taught; by which means he became y<sup>e</sup> more profitable to y<sup>e</sup>
+      hearers. He had a singuler good gift in prayer, both publick &amp;
+      private, in ripping up y<sup>e</sup> hart &amp; conscience before God, in
+      the humble confession of sinne, and begging y<sup>e</sup> mercies of God
+      in Christ for y<sup>e</sup> pardon of y<sup>e</sup> same. He always
+      thought it were better for ministers to pray oftener, and devide their
+      prears, then be longe &amp; tedious in the same (excepte upon sollemne
+      &amp; spetiall occations, as in days of humiliation &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      like). His reason was, that y<sup>e</sup> harte &amp; spirits of all,
+      espetialy y<sup>e</sup> weake, could hardly continue &amp; stand bente (as
+      it were) so long towards God, as they ought to doe in y<sup>t</sup> duty,
+      without flagging and falling of. For y<sup>e</sup> govermente of y<sup>e</sup>
+      church, (which was most [256] proper to his office,) he was carfull to
+      preserve good order in y<sup>e</sup> same, and to preserve puritie, both
+      in y<sup>e</sup> doctrine &amp; comunion of y<sup>e</sup> same; and to
+      supress any errour or contention that might begine to rise up amongst
+      them; and accordingly God gave good success to his indeavors herein all
+      his days, and he saw y<sup>e</sup> fruite of his labours in that behalfe.
+      But I must breake of, having only thus touched a few, as it were, heads of
+      things.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I cannot but here take occasion, not only to mention, but greatly to
+      admire y<sup>e</sup> marvelous providence of God, that notwithstanding y<sup>e</sup>
+      many changes and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_494" id="Page_494">[494]</a></span>hardships
+      that these people wente throwgh, and y<sup>e</sup> many enemies they had
+      and difficulties they mette with all, that so many of them should live to
+      very olde age! It was not only this reve<sup>d</sup> mans condition, (for
+      one swallow maks no summer, as they say,) but many more of them did y<sup>e</sup>
+      like, some dying aboute and before this time, and many still living, who
+      attained to 60. years of age, and to 65. diverse to 70. and above, and
+      some nere 80. as he did. It must needs be more then ordinarie, and above
+      naturall reason, that so it should be; for it is found in experience, that
+      chaing of aeir, famine, or unholsome foode, much drinking of water,
+      sorrows &amp; troubls, &amp;c., all of them are enimies to health, causes
+      of many diseaces, consumers of naturall vigoure and y<sup>e</sup> bodys of
+      men, and shortners of life. And yet of all these things they had a large
+      parte, and suffered deeply in y<sup>e</sup> same. They wente from England
+      to Holand, wher they found both worse air and dyet then that they came
+      from; from thence (induring a long imprisonmente, as it were, in y<sup>e</sup>
+      ships at sea) into New-England; and how it hath been with them hear hath
+      allready beene showne; and what crosses, troubls, fears, wants, and
+      sorrowes they had been lyable unto, is easie to conjecture; so as in some
+      sorte they may say with y<sup>e</sup> Apostle, 2. Cor: 11. 26, 27. they
+      were <i>in journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perills of robers,
+      in perills of their owne nation, in perils among y<sup>e</sup> heathen, in
+      perills in y<sup>e</sup> willdernes, in perills in y<sup>e</sup> sea,
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_495" id="Page_495">[495]</a></span>in
+      perills among false breethern; in wearines &amp; painfullnes, in watching
+      often, in hunger and thirst, in fasting often, in could and nakednes.</i>
+      What was it then that upheld them? It was Gods vissitation that preserved
+      their spirits. Job 10. 12. <i>Thou hast given me life and grace, and thy
+      vissitation hath preserved my spirite.</i> He that upheld y<sup>e</sup>
+      Apostle upheld them. <i>They were persecuted, but not forsaken, cast
+      downe, but perished not.</i> 2. Cor: 4. 9. <i>As unknowen, and yet knowen;
+      as dying, and behold we live; as chastened, and yett not kiled.</i> 2.
+      Cor: 6. 9. God, it seems, would have all men to behold and observe such
+      mercies and works of his providence as these are towards his people, that
+      they in like cases might be incouraged to depend upon God in their trials,
+      &amp; also blese his name when they see his goodnes towards others. Man
+      lives not by bread only, Deut: 8. 3. It is not by good &amp; dainty fare,
+      by peace, &amp; rest, and harts ease, in injoying y<sup>e</sup>
+      contentments and good things of this world only, that preserves health and
+      prolongs life. God in such examples would have y<sup>e</sup> world see
+      &amp; behold that he can doe it without them; and if y<sup>e</sup> world
+      will shut ther eyes, and take no notice therof, yet he would have his
+      people to see and consider it. Daniell could be better liking with pulse
+      then others were with y<sup>e</sup> kings dainties. Jaacob, though he
+      wente from one nation to another people, and passed thorow famine, fears,
+      &amp; many afflictions, yet he lived till old age, and <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_496" id="Page_496">[496]</a></span>dyed
+      sweetly, &amp; rested in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, as infinite others of Gods
+      servants have done, and still shall doe, (through Gods goodnes,)
+      notwithstanding all y<sup>e</sup> malice of their enemies; <i>when y<sup>e</sup>
+      branch of y<sup>e</sup> wicked shall be cut of before his day</i>, Job.
+      15. 32. <i>and the bloody and deceitfull men shall not live out halfe
+      their days</i>. Psa: 55. 23.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By reason of y<sup>e</sup> plottings of the Narigansets, (ever since y<sup>e</sup>
+      Pequents warr,) the Indeans were drawne into a generall conspiracie
+      against y<sup>e</sup> English in all parts, as was in part discovered y<sup>e</sup>
+      yeare before; and now made more plaine and evidente by many discoveries
+      and free-conffessions of sundrie Indeans (upon severall occasions) from
+      diverse places, concuring in one; with such other concuring circomstances
+      as gave them suffissently to understand the trueth therof, and to thinke
+      of means, how to prevente y<sup>e</sup> same, and secure them selves.
+      Which made them enter into this more nere union &amp; confederation
+      following.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        [257] Articles of Confederation betweene y<sup>e</sup> Plantations under
+        y<sup>e</sup> Govermente of Massachusets, y<sup>e</sup> Plantations
+        under y<sup>e</sup> Govermente of New-Plimoth, y<sup>e</sup> Plantations
+        under y<sup>e</sup> Govermente of Conightecute, and y<sup>e</sup>
+        Govermente of New-Haven, with y<sup>e</sup> Plantations in combination
+        therwith.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Wheras we all came into these parts of America with one and y<sup>e</sup>
+        same end and aime, namly; to advance the kingdome of our Lord Jesus
+        Christ, &amp; to injoye y<sup>e</sup> liberties of y<sup>e</sup> Gospell
+        in puritie with peace; and wheras in our setling (by a wise providence
+        of God) we are further disperced upon y<sup>e</sup> sea <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_497" id="Page_497">[497]</a></span>coasts
+        and rivers then was at first intended, so y<sup>t</sup> we cannot,
+        according to our desires, with convenience comunicate in one govermente
+        &amp; jurisdiction; and wheras we live encompassed with people of
+        severall nations and strang languages, which hereafter may prove
+        injurious to us and our posteritie; and for as much as y<sup>e</sup>
+        natives have formerly committed sundrie insolencies and outrages upon
+        severall plantations of y<sup>e</sup> English, and have of late combined
+        them selves against us; and seeing, by reason of those distractions in
+        England (which they have heard of) and by which they know we are
+        hindered from y<sup>t</sup> humble way of seeking advice or reaping
+        those comfurtable fruits of protection which at other times we might
+        well expecte; we therfore doe conceive it our bounden duty, without
+        delay, to enter into a presente consociation amongst our selves, for
+        mutuall help &amp; strength in all our future concernments. That as in
+        nation and religion, so in other respects, we be &amp; continue one,
+        according to y<sup>e</sup> tenor and true meaning of the insuing
+        articles. (1) Wherfore it is fully agreed and concluded by &amp;
+        betweene y<sup>e</sup> parties or jurisdictions above named, and they
+        joyntly &amp; severally doe by these presents agree &amp; conclude, that
+        they all be and henceforth be called by y<sup>e</sup> name of The United
+        Colonies of New-England.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        2. The said United Collonies, for them selves &amp; their posterities,
+        doe joyntly &amp; severally hereby enter into a firme &amp; perpetuall
+        league of frendship &amp; amitie, for offence and defence, mutuall
+        advice and succore upon all just occasions, both for preserving &amp;
+        propagating y<sup>e</sup> truth of y<sup>e</sup> Gospell, and for their
+        owne mutuall saftie and wellfare.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        3. It is further agreed that the plantations which at presente are or
+        hereafter shall be setled with[in] y<sup>e</sup> limites of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Massachusets shall be for ever under y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and
+        shall have peculier jurisdiction amonge them selves in all cases, as an
+        intire body. And y<sup>t</sup> Plimoth, Conightecutt, and <span
+        class="pagenum"><a name="Page_498" id="Page_498">[498]</a></span>New-Haven
+        shall each of them have like peculier jurisdition and govermente within
+        their limites and in refference to y<sup>e</sup> plantations which
+        allready are setled, or shall hereafter be erected, or shall setle
+        within their limites, respectively; provided y<sup>t</sup> no other
+        jurisdition shall hereafter be taken in, as a distincte head or member
+        of this confederation, nor shall any other plantation or jurisdiction in
+        presente being, and not allready in combination or under y<sup>e</sup>
+        jurisdiction of any of these confederats, be received by any of them;
+        nor shall any tow of y<sup>e</sup> confederats joyne in one
+        jurisdiction, without consente of y<sup>e</sup> rest, which consete to
+        be interpreted as is expresed in y<sup>e</sup> sixte article ensewing.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        4. It is by these conffederats agreed, y<sup>t</sup> the charge of all
+        just warrs, whether offencive or defencive, upon what parte or member of
+        this confederation soever they fall, shall, both in men, provissions,
+        and all other disbursments, be borne by all y<sup>e</sup> parts of this
+        confederation, in differente proportions, according to their differente
+        abillities, in maner following: namely, y<sup>t</sup> the comissioners
+        for each jurisdiction, from time to time, as ther shall be occasion,
+        bring a true accounte and number of all their males in every plantation,
+        or any way belonging too or under their severall jurisdictions, of what
+        qualitie or condition soever they be, from 16. years old to 60, being
+        inhabitants ther; and y<sup>t</sup> according to y<sup>e</sup>
+        differente numbers which from time to time shall be found in each
+        jurisdiction upon a true &amp; just accounte, the service of men and all
+        charges of y<sup>e</sup> warr be borne by y<sup>e</sup> pole; each
+        jurisdiction or plantation being left to their owne just course &amp;
+        custome of rating them selves and people according to their differente
+        estates, with due respects to their qualities and exemptions amongst
+        them selves, though the confederats take no notice of any such
+        priviledg. And y<sup>t</sup> according to their differente charge of
+        each jurisdiction &amp; plantation, the whole advantage of y<sup>e</sup>
+        warr, (if it please God to blesse their <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_499" id="Page_499">[499]</a></span>indeaours,) whether it be
+        in lands, goods, or persons, shall be proportionably devided amonge y<sup>e</sup>
+        said confederats.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        5. It is further agreed, that if these jurisdictions, or any plantation
+        under or in combynacion with them, be invaded by any enemie whomsoever,
+        upon notice &amp; requeste of any 3. [258] magistrats of y<sup>t</sup>
+        jurisdiction so invaded, y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+        confederats, without any further meeting or expostulation, shall
+        forthwith send ayde to y<sup>e</sup> confederate in danger, but in
+        differente proportion; namely, y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets an hundred men
+        sufficently armed &amp; provided for such a service and journey, and
+        each of y<sup>e</sup> rest forty five so armed &amp; provided, or any
+        lesser number, if less be required according to this proportion. But if
+        such confederate in danger may be supplyed by their nexte confederates,
+        not exeeding y<sup>e</sup> number hereby agreed, they may crave help
+        ther, and seeke no further for y<sup>e</sup> presente; y<sup>e</sup>
+        charge to be borne as in this article is exprest, and at y<sup>e</sup>
+        returne to be victuled &amp; suplyed with powder &amp; shote for their
+        jurney (if ther be need) by y<sup>t</sup> jurisdiction which imployed or
+        sent for them. But none of y<sup>e</sup> jurisdictions to exceede these
+        numbers till, by a meeting of y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;issioners for this
+        confederation, a greater aide appear nessessarie. And this proportion to
+        continue till upon knowlege of greater numbers in each jurisdiction,
+        which shall be brought to y<sup>e</sup> nexte meeting, some other
+        proportion be ordered. But in such case of sending men for presente
+        aide, whether before or after such order or alteration, it is agreed y<sup>t</sup>
+        at y<sup>e</sup> meeting of y<sup>e</sup> comissioners for this
+        confederation, the cause of such warr or invasion be duly considered;
+        and if it appeare y<sup>t</sup> the falte lay in y<sup>e</sup> parties
+        so invaded, y<sup>t</sup> then that jurisdiction or plantation make just
+        satisfaction both to y<sup>e</sup> invaders whom they have injured, and
+        beare all y<sup>e</sup> charges of y<sup>e</sup> warr them selves,
+        without requiring any allowance from y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+        confederats towards y<sup>e</sup> same. And further, y<sup>t</sup> if
+        any jurisdiction see any danger of any invasion <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_500" id="Page_500">[500]</a></span>approaching, and ther be
+        time for a meeting, that in such a case 3. magistrats of y<sup>t</sup>
+        jurisdiction may sum&#773;one a meeting, at such conveniente place as
+        them selves shall thinke meete, to consider &amp; provid against y<sup>e</sup>
+        threatened danger, provided when they are mett, they may remove to what
+        place they please; only, whilst any of these foure confederats have but
+        3 magistrats in their jurisdiction, their requeste, or summons, from any
+        2. of them shall be accounted of equall force with y<sup>e</sup> 3.
+        mentioned in both the clauses of this article, till ther be an increase
+        of majestrats ther.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        6. It is also agreed y<sup>t</sup>, for y<sup>e</sup> managing &amp;
+        concluding of all affairs propper, &amp; concerning the whole
+        confederation, tow comissioners shall be chosen by &amp; out of each of
+        these 4. jurisdictions; namly, 2. for y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, 2. for
+        Plimoth, 2. for Conightecutt, and 2. for New-Haven, being all in church
+        fellowship with us, which shall bring full power from their severall
+        Generall Courts respectively to hear, examene, waigh, and detirmine all
+        affairs of warr, or peace, leagues, aids, charges, and numbers of men
+        for warr, divissions of spoyles, &amp; whatsoever is gotten by conquest;
+        receiving of more confederats, or plantations into combination with any
+        of y<sup>e</sup> confederates, and all things of like nature, which are
+        y<sup>e</sup> proper concomitants or consequences of such a
+        confederation, for amitie, offence, &amp; defence; not inter-medling
+        with y<sup>e</sup> govermente of any of y<sup>e</sup> jurisdictions,
+        which by y<sup>e</sup> 3. article is preserved entirely to them selves.
+        But if these 8. comissioners when they meete shall not all agree, yet it
+        concluded that any 6. of the 8. agreeing shall have power to setle &amp;
+        determine y<sup>e</sup> bussines in question. But if 6. doe not agree,
+        that then such propositions, with their reasons, so farr as they have
+        been debated, be sente, and referred to y<sup>e</sup> 4. Generall
+        Courts, viz. y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, Plimoth, Conightecutt, and
+        New-haven; and if at all y<sup>e</sup> said Generall Courts y<sup>e</sup>
+        bussines so referred be concluded, <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_501" id="Page_501">[501]</a></span>then to be prosecuted by y<sup>e</sup>
+        confederats, and all their members. It was further agreed that these 8.
+        comissioners shall meete once every year, besids extraordinarie
+        meetings, (according to the fifte article,) to consider, treate, &amp;
+        conclude of all affaires belonging to this confederation, which meeting
+        shall ever be the first Thursday in September. And y<sup>t</sup> the
+        next meeting after the date of these presents, which shall be accounted
+        y<sup>e</sup> second meeting, shall be at Boston in y<sup>e</sup>
+        Massachusets, the 3. at Hartford, the 4. at New-Haven, the 5. at
+        Plimoth, and so in course successively, if in y<sup>e</sup> meane time
+        some midle place be not found out and agreed on, which may be comodious
+        for all y<sup>e</sup> jurisdictions.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        7. It is further agreed, y<sup>t</sup> at each meeting of these 8.
+        comissioners, whether ordinarie, or extraordinary, they all 6. of them
+        agreeing as before, may chuse a presidente out of them selves, whose
+        office &amp; work shall be to take care and directe for order, and a
+        comly carrying on of all proceedings in y<sup>e</sup> present meeting;
+        but he shall be invested with no such power or respecte, as by which he
+        shall hinder y<sup>e</sup> propounding or progrese of any bussines, or
+        any way cast y<sup>e</sup> scailes otherwise then in y<sup>e</sup>
+        precedente article is agreed.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        [259] 8. It is also agreed, y<sup>t</sup> the comissioners for this
+        confederation hereafter at their meetings, whether ordinary or
+        extraordinarie, as they may have comission or opportunitie, doe
+        indeaover to frame and establish agreements &amp; orders in generall
+        cases of a civill nature, wherin all y<sup>e</sup> plantations are
+        interessed, for y<sup>e</sup> preserving of peace amongst them selves,
+        and preventing as much as may be all occasions of warr or difference
+        with others; as aboute y<sup>e</sup> free &amp; speedy passage of
+        justice, in every jurisdiction, to all y<sup>e</sup> confederats equally
+        as to their owne; not receiving those y<sup>t</sup> remove from one
+        plantation to another without due <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_502" id="Page_502">[502]</a></span>certificate; how all y<sup>e</sup>
+        jurisdictions may carry towards y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, that they neither
+        growe insolente, nor be injured without due satisfaction, least warr
+        breake in upon the confederats through such miscarriages. It is also
+        agreed, y<sup>t</sup> if any servante rune away from his maister into
+        another of these confederated jurisdictions, that in such case, upon y<sup>e</sup>
+        certificate of one magistrate in the jurisdiction out of which y<sup>e</sup>
+        said servante fledd, or upon other due proofe, the said servante shall
+        be delivered, either to his maister, or any other y<sup>t</sup> pursues
+        &amp; brings such certificate or proofe. And y<sup>t</sup> upon y<sup>e</sup>
+        escape of any prisoner whatsoever, or fugitive for any criminall cause,
+        whether breaking prison, or getting from y<sup>e</sup> officer, or
+        otherwise escaping, upon the certificate of 2. magistrats of y<sup>e</sup>
+        jurisdiction out of which y<sup>e</sup> escape is made, that he was a
+        prisoner, or such an offender at y<sup>e</sup> time of y<sup>e</sup>
+        escape, they magistrats, or sume of them of the jurisdiction wher for y<sup>e</sup>
+        presente the said prisoner or fugitive abideth, shall forthwith grante
+        such a warrante as y<sup>e</sup> case will beare, for y<sup>e</sup>
+        apprehending of any such person, &amp; the delivering of him into y<sup>e</sup>
+        hands of y<sup>e</sup> officer, or other person who pursues him. And if
+        ther be help required, for y<sup>e</sup> safe returning of any such
+        offender, then it shall be granted to him y<sup>t</sup> craves y<sup>e</sup>
+        same, he paying the charges therof.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        9. And for y<sup>t</sup> the justest warrs may be of dangerous
+        consequence, espetially to y<sup>e</sup> smaler plantations in these
+        United Collonies, it is agreed y<sup>t</sup> neither y<sup>e</sup>
+        Massachusets, Plimoth, Conightecutt, nor New-Haven, nor any member of
+        any of them, shall at any time hear after begine, undertake, or ingage
+        them selves, or this confederation, or any parte therof, in any warr
+        whatsoever, (sudden<a name="FNanchor_ET_150" id="FNanchor_ET_150"></a><a
+        href="#Footnote_ET_150" class="fnanchor">[ET]</a> exegents, with y<sup>e</sup>
+        necessary consequents therof excepted, which are also to be moderated as
+        much as y<sup>e</sup> case will permitte,) <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_503" id="Page_503">[503]</a></span>without y<sup>e</sup>
+        consente and agreemente of y<sup>e</sup> forementioned 8. comissioners,
+        or at the least 6. of them, as in y<sup>e</sup> sixt article is
+        provided. And y<sup>t</sup> no charge be required of any of they
+        confederats, in case of a defensive warr, till y<sup>e</sup> said
+        comissioners have mett, and approved y<sup>e</sup> justice of y<sup>e</sup>
+        warr, and have agreed upon y<sup>e</sup> sum&#773;e of money to be
+        levied, which sume is then to be paid by the severall confederats in
+        proportion according to y<sup>e</sup> fourth article.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        10. That in extraordinary occasions, when meetings are summoned by three
+        magistrates of any jurisdiction, or 2. as in y<sup>e</sup> 5. article,
+        if any of y<sup>e</sup> comissioners come not, due warning being given
+        or sente, it is agreed y<sup>t</sup> 4. of the comissioners shall have
+        power to directe a warr which cannot be delayed, and to send for due
+        proportions of men out of each jurisdiction, as well as 6. might doe if
+        all mett; but not less then 6. shall determine the justice of y<sup>e</sup>
+        warr, or alow y<sup>e</sup> demands or bills of charges, or cause any
+        levies to be made for y<sup>e</sup> same.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        11. It is further agreed, y<sup>t</sup> if any of y<sup>e</sup>
+        confederats shall hereafter breake any of these presente articles, or be
+        any other ways injurious to any one of y<sup>e</sup> other
+        jurisdictions, such breach of agreemente or injurie shall be duly
+        considered and ordered by y<sup>e</sup> comissioners for y<sup>e</sup>
+        other jurisdiction; that both peace and this presente confederation may
+        be intirly preserved without violation.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        12. Lastly, this perpetuall confederation, and y<sup>e</sup> severall
+        articles therof being read, and seriously considered, both by y<sup>e</sup>
+        Generall Courte for y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and by y<sup>e</sup>
+        comissioners for Plimoth, Conigtecute, &amp; New-Haven, were fully
+        alowed &amp; confirmed by 3. of y<sup>e</sup> forenamed confederats,
+        namly, y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, Conightecutt, and New-Haven; only y<sup>e</sup>
+        comissioners for Plimoth haveing no com&#773;ission to conclude, desired
+        respite till they might advise with their Generall Courte; wher upon it
+        was agreed and concluded <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_504"
+        id="Page_504">[504]</a></span>by y<sup>e</sup> said Courte of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Massachusets, and the comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> other tow
+        confederats, that, if Plimoth consente, then the whole treaty as it
+        stands in these present articls is, and shall continue, firme &amp;
+        stable without alteration. But if Plimoth come not in, yet y<sup>e</sup>
+        other three confederats doe by these presents [260] confeirme y<sup>e</sup>
+        whole confederation, and the articles therof; only in September nexte,
+        when y<sup>e</sup> second meeting of y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;issioners is
+        to be at Boston, new consideration may be taken of y<sup>e</sup> 6.
+        article, which concerns number of comissioners for meeting &amp;
+        concluding the affaires of this confederation, to y<sup>e</sup>
+        satisfaction of y<sup>e</sup> Courte of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and
+        y<sup>e</sup> comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> other 2. confederats, but y<sup>e</sup>
+        rest to stand unquestioned. In y<sup>e</sup> testimonie wherof, y<sup>e</sup>
+        Generall Courte of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, by ther Secretary, and y<sup>e</sup>
+        comissioners for Conightecutt and New-Haven, have subscribed these
+        presente articles this 19. of y<sup>e</sup> third month, comonly called
+        May, Anno Dom: 1643.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        At a meeting of y<sup>e</sup> comissioners for y<sup>e</sup>
+        confederation held at Boston y<sup>e</sup> 7. of Sept: it appearing that
+        the Generall Courte of New-Plimoth, and y<sup>e</sup> severall
+        towneshipes therof, have read &amp; considered &amp; approved these
+        articles of confederation, as appeareth by com&#773;ission from their
+        Generall Courte bearing date y<sup>e</sup> 29. of August, 1643. to M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Edward Winslow and M<sup>r</sup>. William Collier, to ratifie and
+        confirme y<sup>e</sup> same on their behalfes. We, therfore, y<sup>e</sup>
+        Comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, Conightecutt, &amp; New
+        Haven, doe also, for our severall goverments, subscribe unto them.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:23em;">
+        <div class="ltr_sig_multi" style="margin-left:0;">
+          <span class="smcap">John Winthrop</span>, Gov<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup>
+          Massachusest.<br /> <span class="smcap">Tho: Dudley</span>.<br /> <span
+          class="smcap">Geo: Fenwick</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Thomas
+          Gregson</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Theoph: Eaton</span>.<br />
+          <span class="smcap">Edwa: Hopkins</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Thomas
+          Gregson</span>.<br />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      These were y<sup>e</sup> articles of agreemente in y<sup>e</sup> union and
+      confederation which they now first entered into; and in <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_505" id="Page_505">[505]</a></span>this
+      their first meeting, held at Boston y<sup>e</sup> day &amp; year
+      abovesaid, amongst other things they had this matter of great consequence
+      to considere on: the Narigansets, after y<sup>e</sup> subduing of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Pequents, thought to have ruled over all y<sup>e</sup> Indeans aboute
+      them; but y<sup>e</sup> English, espetially those of Conightecutt holding
+      correspondencie &amp; frenship with Uncass, sachem of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Monhigg Indeans which lived nere them, (as y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets had
+      done with y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets,) and he had been faithful to them in
+      y<sup>e</sup> Pequente warr, they were ingaged to supporte him in his just
+      liberties, and were contented y<sup>t</sup> such of y<sup>e</sup>
+      surviving Pequents as had submited to him should remaine with him and
+      quietly under his protection. This did much increase his power and
+      augmente his greatnes, which y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets could not indure to
+      see. But Myantinomo, their cheefe sachem, (an ambitious &amp; politick
+      man,) sought privatly and by trearchery (according to y<sup>e</sup> Indean
+      maner) to make him away, by hiring some to kill him. Sometime they assayed
+      to poyson him; that not takeing, then in y<sup>e</sup> night time to knock
+      him on y<sup>e</sup> head in his house, or secretly to shoot him, and such
+      like attempts. But none of these taking effecte, he made open warr upon
+      him (though it was against y<sup>e</sup> covenants both betweene y<sup>e</sup>
+      English &amp; them, as also betweene them selves, and a plaine breach of y<sup>e</sup>
+      same). He came suddanly upon him with 900. or 1000. men (never denouncing
+      any warr before). Y<sup>e</sup> others power at y<sup>t</sup> presente was
+      not above halfe so many; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_506"
+      id="Page_506">[506]</a></span>but it pleased God to give Uncass y<sup>e</sup>
+      victory, and he slew many of his men, and wounded many more; but y<sup>e</sup>
+      cheefe of all was, he tooke Miantinomo prisoner. And seeing he was a
+      greate man, and y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets a potente people &amp; would
+      seeke revenge, he would doe nothing in y<sup>e</sup> case without y<sup>e</sup>
+      advise of y<sup>e</sup> English; so he (by y<sup>e</sup> help &amp;
+      direction of those of Conightecutt) kept him prisoner till this meeting of
+      y<sup>e</sup> comissioners. The comissioners weighed y<sup>e</sup> cause
+      and passages, as they were clearly represented &amp; sufficently evidenced
+      betwixte Uncass and Myantinomo; and the things being duly considered, the
+      comissioners apparently saw y<sup>t</sup> Uncass could not be safe whilst
+      Miantynomo lived, but, either by secrete trechery or open force, his life
+      would still be in danger. Wherfore they thought he might justly put such a
+      false &amp; bloud-thirstie enimie to death; but in his owne jurisdiction,
+      not in y<sup>e</sup> English plantations. And they advised, in y<sup>e</sup>
+      maner of his death all mercy and moderation should be showed, contrary to
+      y<sup>e</sup> practise of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, who exercise torturs and
+      cruelty. And, [261] Uncass having hitherto shewed him selfe a freind to y<sup>e</sup>
+      English, and in this craving their advise, if the Narigansett Indeans or
+      others shall unjustly assaulte Uncass for this execution, upon notice and
+      request, y<sup>e</sup> English promise to assiste and protecte him as farr
+      as they may aga&#299;ste such violence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This was y<sup>e</sup> issue of this bussines. The reasons and passages
+      hereof are more at large to be seene in y<sup>e</sup> acts <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_507" id="Page_507">[507]</a></span>&amp;
+      records of this meeting of y<sup>e</sup> comissioners. And Uncass follewd
+      this advise, and accordingly executed him, in a very faire maner, acording
+      as they advised, with due respecte to his honour &amp; greatnes. But what
+      followed on y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets parte will appear hear after.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1644" id="a1644"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1644.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="smcap">M<sup>r</sup>. Edward Winslow</span> was chosen Gov<sup>r</sup>
+      this year.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Many having left this place (as is before noted) by reason of the
+      straightnes &amp; barrennes of y<sup>e</sup> same, and their finding of
+      better accommodations elsewher, more sutable to their ends &amp; minds;
+      and sundrie others still upon every occasion desiring their dismissions,
+      the church begane seriously to thinke whether it were not better joyntly
+      to remove to some other place, then to be thus weakened, and as it were
+      insensibly dissolved. Many meetings and much consultation was held
+      hearaboute, and diverse were mens minds and opinions. Some were still for
+      staying togeather in this place, aledging men might hear live, if they
+      would be contente with their condition; and y<sup>t</sup> it was not for
+      wante or necessitie so much y<sup>t</sup> they removed, as for y<sup>e</sup>
+      enriching of them selves. Others were resolute upon removall, and so
+      signified y<sup>t</sup> hear y<sup>ey</sup> could not stay; but if y<sup>e</sup>
+      church did not remove, they must; insomuch as many were swayed, rather
+      then ther should be a dissolution, to condescend to a removall, if a fitt
+      place could be found, that might more conveniently and comfortablie <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_508" id="Page_508">[508]</a></span>receive y<sup>e</sup>
+      whole, with such accession of others as might come to them, for their
+      better strength &amp; subsistence; and some such like cautions and
+      limitations. So as, with y<sup>e</sup> afforesaide provissos, y<sup>e</sup>
+      greater parte consented to a removall to a place called Nawsett, which had
+      been superficially veiwed and y<sup>e</sup> good will of y<sup>e</sup>
+      purchassers (to whom it belonged) obtained, with some addition thertoo
+      from y<sup>e</sup> Courte. But now they begane to see their errour, that
+      they had given away already the best &amp; most com&#773;odious places to
+      others, and now wanted them selves; for this place was about 50. myles
+      from hence, and at an outside of y<sup>e</sup> countrie, remote from all
+      society; also, that it would prove so straite, as it would not be
+      competente to receive y<sup>e</sup> whole body, much less be capable of
+      any addition or increase; so as (at least in a shorte time) they should be
+      worse ther then they are now hear. The which, with sundery other like
+      considerations and inconveniences, made them chaing their resolutions; but
+      such as were before resolved upon removall tooke advantage of this
+      agreemente, &amp; wente on notwithstanding, neither could y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest hinder them, they haveing made some begin&#773;ing. And thus was this
+      poore church left, like an anciente mother, growne olde, and forsaken of
+      her children, (though not in their affections,) yett in regarde of their
+      bodily presence and personall helpfullness. Her anciente members being
+      most of them worne away by death; and these of later time being <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_509" id="Page_509">[509]</a></span>like
+      children translated into other families, and she like a widow left only to
+      trust in God. Thus she that had made many rich became her selfe poore.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="center">
+        [262] <i>Some things handled, and pacified by y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;issioner
+        this year.</i>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Wheras, by a wise providence of God, tow of y<sup>e</sup> jurisdictions
+        in y<sup>e</sup> westerne parts, viz. Conightecutt &amp; New-haven, have
+        beene latly exercised by sundrie insolencies &amp; outrages from y<sup>e</sup>
+        Indeans; as, first, an Englishman, runing from his m<sup>r</sup> out of
+        y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, was murdered in y<sup>e</sup> woods, in or
+        nere y<sup>e</sup> limites of Conightecute jurisdiction; and aboute 6.
+        weeks after, upon discovery by an Indean, y<sup>e</sup> Indean sagamore
+        in these parts promised to deliver the murderer to y<sup>e</sup>
+        English, bound; and having accordingly brought him within y<sup>e</sup>
+        sight of Uncaway, by their joynte consente, as it is informed, he was
+        ther unbound, and left to shifte for him selfe; wherupon 10. Englishmen
+        forthwith coming to y<sup>e</sup> place, being sente by M<sup>r</sup>.
+        Ludlow, at y<sup>e</sup> Indeans desire, to receive y<sup>e</sup>
+        murderer, who seeing him escaped, layed hold of 8. of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Indeans ther presente, amongst whom ther was a sagamore or 2. and kept
+        them in hold 2. days, till 4. sagamors ingaged themselves within one
+        month to deliver y<sup>e</sup> prisoner. And about a weeke after this
+        agreemente, an Indean came presumtuously and with guile, in y<sup>e</sup>
+        day time, and murtherously assalted an English woman in her house at
+        Stamford, and by 3. wounds, supposed mortall, left her for dead, after
+        he had robbed y<sup>e</sup> house. By which passages y<sup>e</sup>
+        English were provoked, &amp; called to a due consideration of their owne
+        saftie; and y<sup>e</sup> Indeans generally in those parts arose in an
+        hostile maner, refused to come to y<sup>e</sup> English to carry on
+        treaties of peace, departed from their wigwames, left their corne
+        unweeded, and shewed them selves tumultuously <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_510" id="Page_510">[510]</a></span>about some of y<sup>e</sup>
+        English plantations, &amp; shott of peeces within hearing of y<sup>e</sup>
+        towne; and some Indeans came to y<sup>e</sup> English &amp; tould them y<sup>e</sup>
+        Indeans would fall upon them. So y<sup>t</sup> most of y<sup>e</sup>
+        English thought it unsafe to travell in those parts by land, and some of
+        y<sup>e</sup> plantations were put upon strong watchs and ward, night
+        &amp; day, &amp; could not attend their private occasions, and yet
+        distrusted their owne strength for their defence. Wherupon Hartford
+        &amp; New-Haven were sent unto for aide, and saw cause both to send into
+        y<sup>e</sup> weaker parts of their owne jurisdiction thus in danger,
+        and New-Haven, for conveniencie of situation, sente aide to Uncaway,
+        though belonging to Conightecutt. Of all which passages they presently
+        acquainted y<sup>e</sup> comissioners in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, &amp; had y<sup>e</sup>
+        allowance &amp; approbation from y<sup>e</sup> Generall Courte ther,
+        with directions neither to hasten warr nor to bear such insolencies too
+        longe. Which courses, though chargable to them selves, yet through Gods
+        blessing they hope fruite is, &amp; will be, sweete and wholsome to all
+        y<sup>e</sup> collonies; the murderers are since delivered to justice,
+        the publick peace preserved for y<sup>e</sup> presente, &amp;
+        probabillitie it may be better secured for y<sup>e</sup> future.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Thus this mischeefe was prevented, and y<sup>e</sup> fear of a warr hereby
+      diverted. But now an other broyle was begune by y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets;
+      though they unjustly had made warr upon Uncass, (as is before declared,)
+      and had, y<sup>e</sup> winter before this, ernestly presed y<sup>e</sup>
+      Gove<sup>r</sup> of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets that they might still make
+      warr upon them to revenge the death of their sagamore, w<sup>ch</sup>,
+      being taken prisoner, was by them put to death, (as before was noted,)
+      pretending that they had first received and accepted his ransome, and then
+      put him to death. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_511" id="Page_511">[511]</a></span>But
+      y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> refused their presents, and tould them y<sup>t</sup>
+      it was them selves had done y<sup>e</sup> wronge, &amp; broaken y<sup>e</sup>
+      conditions of peace; and he nor y<sup>e</sup> English neither could nor
+      would allow them to make any further warr upon him, but if they did, must
+      assiste him, &amp; oppose them; but if it did appeare, upon good proofe,
+      that he had received a ransome for his life, before he put him to death,
+      when y<sup>e</sup> comissioners mett, they should have a fair hearing, and
+      they would cause Uncass to returne y<sup>e</sup> same. But
+      notwithstanding, at y<sup>e</sup> spring of y<sup>e</sup> year they
+      gathered a great power, and fell upon Uncass, and slue sundrie of his men,
+      and wounded more, and also had some loss them selves. Uncass cald for aide
+      from y<sup>e</sup> English; they tould him what y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets
+      objected, he deney the same; they tould him it must come to triall, and if
+      he was inocente, if y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets would not desiste, they
+      would aide &amp; assiste him. So at this meeting they [263] sent both to
+      Uncass &amp; y<sup>e</sup> Narrigansets, and required their sagamors to
+      come or send to y<sup>e</sup> comissioners now mete at Hartford, and they
+      should have a faire &amp; inpartiall hearing in all their greevances, and
+      would endeavor y<sup>t</sup> all wrongs should be rectified wher they
+      should be found; and they promised that they should safly come and returne
+      without any danger or molestation; and sundry y<sup>e</sup> like things,
+      as appears more at large in y<sup>e</sup> messengers instructions. Upon w<sup>ch</sup>
+      the Narigansets sent one sagamore and some other deputies, with full <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_512" id="Page_512">[512]</a></span>power to
+      doe in y<sup>e</sup> case as should be meete. Uncass came in person,
+      accompanyed with some cheefe aboute him. After the agitation of y<sup>e</sup>
+      bussines, y<sup>e</sup> issue was this. The comissioners declared to the
+      Narigansett deputies as followeth.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        1. That they did not find any proofe of any ransome agreed on.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        2. It appeared not y<sup>t</sup> any wampam had been paied as a ransome,
+        or any parte of a ransome, for Myantinomos life.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        3. That if they had in any measure proved their charge against Uncass,
+        the comissioners would have required him to have made answerable
+        satisfaction.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        4. That if hereafter they can make satisfing profe, y<sup>e</sup>
+        English will consider y<sup>e</sup> same, &amp; proceed accordingly.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        5. The comissioners did require y<sup>t</sup> neither them selves nor y<sup>e</sup>
+        Nyanticks make any warr or injurious assaulte upon Unquass or any of his
+        company untill they make profe of y<sup>e</sup> ransume charged, and y<sup>t</sup>
+        due satisfaction be deneyed, unless he first assaulte them.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        6. That if they assaulte Uncass, the English are engaged to assist him.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Hearupon y<sup>e</sup> Narigansette sachim, advising with y<sup>e</sup>
+        other deputies, ingaged him selfe in the behalfe of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Narigansets &amp; Nyanticks that no hostile acts should be comitted upon
+        Uncass, or any of his, untill after y<sup>e</sup> next planting of
+        corne; and y<sup>t</sup> after that, before they begine any warr, they
+        will give 30. days warning to y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> of the
+        Massachusets or Conightecutt. The comissioners approving of this offer,
+        and taking their ingagmente under their hands, required Uncass, as he
+        expected y<sup>e</sup> continuance of y<sup>e</sup> favour of the
+        English, to observe the same termes of peace with y<sup>e</sup>
+        Narigansets and theirs.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_513" id="Page_513">[513]</a></span>
+        These foregoing conclusions were subscribed by y<sup>e</sup>
+        comissioners, for y<sup>e</sup> severall jurisdictions, y<sup>e</sup>
+        19. of Sept: 1644.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="ltr_sig_multi">
+          <span class="smcap">Edwa: Hopkins</span>, Presidente.<br /> <span
+          class="smcap">Simon Bradstreete</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Will<sup>m</sup>.
+          Hathorne</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Edw: Winslow</span>.<br />
+          <span class="smcap">John Browne</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Geor:
+          Fenwick</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Theoph: Eaton</span>.<br />
+          <span class="smcap">Tho: Gregson</span>.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <p>
+        The forenamed Narigansets deputies did further promise, that if,
+        contrary to this agreemente, any of y<sup>e</sup> Nyantick Pequents
+        should make any assaulte upon Uncass, or any of his, they would deliver
+        them up to y<sup>e</sup> English, to be punished according to their
+        demerits; and that they would not use any means to procure the Mowacks
+        to come against Uncass during this truce.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        These were their names subscribed with their marks.
+      </p>
+      <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+        <div class="ltr_sig_multi">
+          <span class="smcap">Weetowish</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Pampiamett</span>.<br />
+          <span class="smcap">Chin&ntilde;ough</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Pummunish</span>.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1645" id="a1645"></a>[264] <i>Anno Dom: 1645.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The comissioners this year were caled to meete to-gither at Boston, before
+      their ordinarie time; partly in regard of some differances falen betweene
+      y<sup>e</sup> French and y<sup>e</sup> govermente of the Massachusets,
+      about their aiding of Munseire Latore against Munsseire de Aulney, and
+      partly aboute y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, who had broaken y<sup>e</sup> former
+      agreements aboute the peace concluded y<sup>e</sup> last year. This
+      meeting was held at Boston, y<sup>e</sup> 28. of July.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_514" id="Page_514">[514]</a></span>Besids
+      some underhand assualts made on both sids, the Narigansets gathered a
+      great power, and fell upon Uncass, and slew many of his men, and wounded
+      more, by reason y<sup>t</sup> they farr exseeded him in number, and had
+      gott store of peeces, with which they did him most hurte. And as they did
+      this withoute y<sup>e</sup> knowledg and consente of y<sup>e</sup>
+      English, (contrary to former agreemente,) so they were resolved to
+      prosecute y<sup>e</sup> same, notwithstanding any thing y<sup>e</sup>
+      English said or should doe against them. So, being incouraged by ther late
+      victorie, and promise of assistance from y<sup>e</sup> Mowaks, (being a
+      strong, warlike, and desperate people,) they had allready devoured Uncass
+      &amp; his, in their hops; and surly they had done it in deed, if the
+      English had not timly sett in for his aide. For those of Conightecute sent
+      him 40. men, who were a garison to him, till y<sup>e</sup> comissioners
+      could meete and take further order.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Being thus mett, they forthwith sente 3. messengers, viz. Sargent John
+      Davis, Benedicte Arnold, and Francis Smith, with full &amp; ample
+      instructions, both to y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets and Uncass; to require
+      them y<sup>t</sup> they should either come in person or send sufficiente
+      men fully instructed to deale in y<sup>e</sup> bussines; and if they
+      refused or delayed, to let them know (according to former agreements) y<sup>t</sup>
+      the English are engaged to assiste against these hostile invasions, and y<sup>t</sup>
+      they have sente their men to defend Uncass, and to know of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Narigansets whether they will stand to y<sup>e</sup> former peace, <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_515" id="Page_515">[515]</a></span>or they
+      will assaulte y<sup>e</sup> English also, that they may provid
+      accordingly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But y<sup>e</sup> messengers returned, not only with a sleighting, but a
+      threatening answer from the Narigansets (as will more appear hereafter).
+      Also they brought a letter from M<sup>r</sup>. Roger Williams, wherin he
+      assures them that y<sup>e</sup> warr would presenly breake forth, &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+      whole country would be all of a flame. And y<sup>t</sup> the sachems of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Narigansets had concluded a newtrality with y<sup>e</sup> English of
+      Providence and those of Aquidnett Iland. Wherupon y<sup>e</sup>
+      comissioners, considering y<sup>e</sup> great danger &amp; provocations
+      offered, and y<sup>e</sup> necessitie we should be put unto of making warr
+      with y<sup>e</sup> Narigansetts, and being also carfull, in a matter of so
+      great waight &amp; generall concernmente, to see y<sup>e</sup> way
+      cleared, and to give satisfaction to all y<sup>e</sup> colonies, did
+      thinke fitte to advise with such of y<sup>e</sup> magistrats &amp; elders
+      of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets as were then at hand, and also with some of
+      y<sup>e</sup> cheefe millitary comanders ther; who being assembled, it was
+      then agreed,&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      First, y<sup>t</sup> our ingagmente bound us to aide &amp; defend Uncass.
+      2. That this ayde could not be intended only to defend him &amp; his
+      forte, or habitation, but (according to y<sup>e</sup> comone acceptation
+      of such covenants, or ingagments, considered with y<sup>e</sup> grounds or
+      occasion therof) so to ayde him as he might be preserved in his liberty
+      and estate. 3<sup>ly</sup>. That this ayde [265] must be speedy, least he
+      might be swalowed up in y<sup>e</sup> mean time, and <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_516" id="Page_516">[516]</a></span>so come to late. 4<sup>ly</sup>.
+      The justice of this warr being cleared to our selves and y<sup>e</sup>
+      rest then presente, it was thought meete y<sup>t</sup> the case should be
+      stated, and y<sup>e</sup> reasons &amp; grounds of y<sup>e</sup> warr
+      declared and published. 5<sup>ly</sup>. That a day of humilliation should
+      be apoynted, which was y<sup>e</sup> 5. day of y<sup>e</sup> weeke
+      following. 6<sup>ly</sup>. It was then allso agreed by y<sup>e</sup>
+      comissioners that y<sup>e</sup> whole number of men to be raised in all y<sup>e</sup>
+      colonies should be 300. Wherof from y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets a 190.
+      Plimoth, 40. Conightecute, 40. New-Haven, 30. And considering y<sup>t</sup>
+      Uncass was in present danger, 40. men of this number were forthwith sente
+      from y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets for his sucoure; and it was but neede, for
+      y<sup>e</sup> other 40. from Conightecutt had order to stay but a month,
+      &amp; their time being out, they returned; and y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets,
+      hearing therof, tooke the advantage, and came suddanly upon him, and gave
+      him another blow, to his further loss, and were ready to doe y<sup>e</sup>
+      like againe; but these 40. men being arrived, they returned, and did
+      nothing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The declaration which they sett forth I shall not transcribe, it being
+      very larg, and put forth in printe, to which I referr those y<sup>t</sup>
+      would see y<sup>e</sup> same, in which all passages are layed open from y<sup>e</sup>
+      first. I shall only note their prowd carriage, and answers to y<sup>e</sup>
+      3. messengers sent from y<sup>e</sup> comissioners. They received them
+      with scorne &amp; contempte, and tould them they resolved to have no peace
+      without Uncass his head; also they gave them this further answer: that it
+      mattered not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_517" id="Page_517">[517]</a></span>who
+      begane y<sup>e</sup> warr, they were resolved to follow it, and that y<sup>e</sup>
+      English should withdraw their garison from Uncass, or they would procure y<sup>e</sup>
+      Mowakes against them; and withall gave them this threatening answer: that
+      they would lay y<sup>e</sup> English catle on heaps, as high as their
+      houses, and y<sup>t</sup> no English-man should sturr out of his dore to
+      pisse, but he should be kild. And wheras they required guids to pass throw
+      their countrie, to deliver their message to Uncass from y<sup>e</sup>
+      comissioners, they deneyed them, but at length (in way of scorne) offered
+      them an old Pequente woman. Besids allso they conceived them selves in
+      danger, for whilst y<sup>e</sup> interpretour was speakeing with them
+      about y<sup>e</sup> answer he should returne, 3. men came &amp; stood
+      behind him with ther hatchets, according to their murderous maner; but one
+      of his fellows gave him notice of it, so they broak of &amp; came away;
+      with sundry such like affrontes, which made those Indeans they carryed
+      with them to rune away for fear, and leave them to goe home as they could.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus whilst y<sup>e</sup> comissioners in care of y<sup>e</sup> publick
+      peace sought to quench y<sup>e</sup> fire kindled amongst y<sup>e</sup>
+      Indeans, these children of strife breath out threatenings, provocations,
+      and warr against y<sup>e</sup> English them selves. So that, unless they
+      should dishonour &amp; provoak God, by violating a just ingagmente, and
+      expose y<sup>e</sup> colonies to contempte &amp; danger from y<sup>e</sup>
+      barbarians, they cannot but exerciese force, when no other means will
+      prevaile to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_518" id="Page_518">[518]</a></span>reduse
+      y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets &amp; their confederats to a more just &amp;
+      sober temper.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So as here upon they went on to hasten y<sup>e</sup> preparations,
+      according to y<sup>e</sup> former agreemente, and sent to Plimoth to send
+      forth their 40. men with all speed, to lye at Seacunke, least any deanger
+      should befalle it, before y<sup>e</sup> rest were ready, it lying next y<sup>e</sup>
+      enemie, and ther to stay till y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts should joyne
+      with them. Allso Conigtecute &amp; Newhaven forces were to joyne
+      togeather, and march with all speed, and y<sup>e</sup> Indean confederats
+      of those parts with them. All which was done accordingly; and the
+      souldiers of this place were at Seacunk, the place of their rendevouze, 8.
+      or 10. days before y<sup>e</sup> rest were ready; they were well armed all
+      with snaphance peeces, and wente under y<sup>e</sup> camand of Captain
+      [266] Standish. Those from other places were led likwise by able
+      comanders,<a name="FNanchor_EU_151" id="FNanchor_EU_151"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_EU_151" class="fnanchor">[EU]</a> as Captaine Mason for
+      Conigtecute, &amp;c.; and Majore Gibons was made generall over y<sup>e</sup>
+      whole, with such comissions &amp; instructions as was meete.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Upon y<sup>e</sup> suden dispatch of these souldiears, (the present
+      necessitie requiring it,) the deputies of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts
+      Courte (being now assembled im&#773;ediatly after y<sup>e</sup> setting
+      forth of their 40. men) made a question whether it was legally done,
+      without their comission. It was answered, that howsoever it did properly
+      belong to y<sup>e</sup> authority of y<sup>e</sup> severall jurisdictions
+      (after <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_519" id="Page_519">[519]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup>
+      warr was agreed upon by y<sup>e</sup> comissioners, &amp; the number of
+      men) to provid y<sup>e</sup> men &amp; means to carry on y<sup>e</sup>
+      warr; yet in this presente case, the proceeding of y<sup>e</sup>
+      comissioners and y<sup>e</sup> comission given was as sufficiente as if it
+      had been done by y<sup>e</sup> Generall Courte.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        First, it was a case of such presente &amp; urgente necessitie, as could
+        not stay y<sup>e</sup> calling of y<sup>e</sup> Courte or Counsell. 2<sup>ly</sup>.
+        In y<sup>e</sup> Articles of Confederation, power is given to y<sup>e</sup>
+        comissioners to consult, order, &amp; determine all affaires of warr,
+        &amp;c. And y<sup>e</sup> word <i>determine</i> comprehends all acts of
+        authority belonging therunto.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        3<sup>ly</sup>. The comissioners are y<sup>e</sup> judges of y<sup>e</sup>
+        necessitie of the expedition.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        4<sup>ly</sup>. The Generall Courte have made their owne comissioners
+        their sole counsell for these affires.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        5<sup>ly</sup>. These counsels could not have had their due effecte
+        excepte they had power to proceede in this case, as they have done;
+        which were to make y<sup>e</sup> comissioners power, and y<sup>e</sup>
+        maine end of y<sup>e</sup> confederation, to be frustrate, and that
+        mearly for observing a ceremony.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        6<sup>ly</sup>. The comissioners haveing sole power to manage y<sup>e</sup>
+        warr for number of men, for time, place, &amp;c., they only know their
+        owne counsells, &amp; <i>determinations</i>, and therfore none can
+        grante com&#773;ission to acte according to these but them selves.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      All things being thus in readines, and some of y<sup>e</sup> souldiers
+      gone forth, and the rest ready to march, the comissioners thought it meete
+      before any hostile acte was performed, to cause a presente to be returned,
+      which had been sente to y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> of the
+      Massachusetts from y<sup>e</sup> Narigansett sachems, but not by <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_520" id="Page_520">[520]</a></span>him
+      received, but layed up to be accepted or refused as they should carry them
+      selves, and observe y<sup>e</sup> covenants. Therfore they violating the
+      same, &amp; standing out thus to a warr, it was againe returned, by 2.
+      messengers &amp; an interpretour. And further to let know that their men
+      already sent to Uncass (&amp; other wher sent forth) have hitherto had
+      express order only to stand upon his &amp; their owne defence, and not to
+      attempte any invasion of y<sup>e</sup> Narigansetts country; and yet if
+      they may have due reperation for what is past, and good securitie for y<sup>e</sup>
+      future, it shall appear they are as desirous of peace, and shall be as
+      tender of y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets blood as ever. If therefore Pessecuss,
+      Innemo, writh other sachemes, will (without further delay) come along with
+      you to Boston, the comissioners doe promise &amp; assure them, they shall
+      have free liberty to come, and retourne without molestation or any just
+      greevance from y<sup>e</sup> English. But deputies will not now serve, nor
+      may the preparations in hand be now stayed, or y<sup>e</sup> directions
+      given recalled, till y<sup>e</sup> forementioned sagamors come, and some
+      further order be taken. But if they will have nothing but warr, the
+      English are providing, and will proceede accordingly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Pessecouss, Mixano, &amp; Witowash, 3. principall sachems of y<sup>e</sup>
+      Narigansett Indeans, and Awasequen, deputie for y<sup>e</sup> Nyanticks,
+      with a large traine of men, within a few days after came to Boston.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_521" id="Page_521">[521]</a></span>
+      And to omitte all other circomstances and debats y<sup>t</sup> past
+      betweene them and the comissioners, they came to this conclusion
+      following.
+    </p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p>
+        [267] 1. It was agreed betwixte y<sup>e</sup> comissioners of y<sup>e</sup>
+        United Collonies, and y<sup>e</sup> forementioned sagamores, &amp;
+        Niantick deputie, that y<sup>e</sup> said Narigansets &amp; Niantick
+        sagamores should pay or cause to be payed at Boston, to y<sup>e</sup>
+        Massachusets comissioners, y<sup>e</sup> full sume of 2000. fathome of
+        good white wampame, or a third parte of black wampampeage, in 4.
+        payments; namely, 500. fathome within 20. days, 500. fathome within 4.
+        months, 500. fathome at or before next planting time, and 500. fathome.
+        within 2. years next after y<sup>e</sup> date of these presents; which
+        2000. fathome y<sup>e</sup> comissioners accepte for satisfaction of
+        former charges expended.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        2. The foresaid sagamors &amp; deputie (on y<sup>e</sup> behalfe of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Narigansett &amp; Niantick Indeans) hereby promise &amp; covenante that
+        they upon demand and profe satisfie &amp; restore unto Uncass, y<sup>e</sup>
+        Mohigan sagamore, all such captives, whether men, or women, or children,
+        and all such canowes, as they or any of their men have taken, or as many
+        of their owne canowes in y<sup>e</sup> roome of them, full as good as
+        they were, with full satisfaction for all such corne as they or any of
+        theire men have spoyled or destroyed, of his or his mens, since last
+        planting time; and y<sup>e</sup> English comissioners hereby promise y<sup>t</sup>
+        Uncass shall doe y<sup>e</sup> like.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        3. Wheras ther are sundry differences &amp; greevances betwixte
+        Narigansett &amp; Niantick Indeans, and Uncass &amp; his men, (which in
+        Uncass his absence cannot now be detirmined,) it is hearby agreed y<sup>t</sup>
+        Nariganset &amp; Niantick sagamores either come them selves, or send
+        their deputies to y<sup>e</sup> next meeting of y<sup>e</sup>
+        comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> collonies, either at New-Haven in Sep<sup>t</sup>
+        1646. or sooner (upon conveniente warning, <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_522" id="Page_522">[522]</a></span>if y<sup>e</sup> said
+        comissioners doe meete sooner), fully instructed to declare &amp; make
+        due proofe of their injuries, and to submite to y<sup>e</sup> judgmente
+        of y<sup>e</sup> comissioners, in giving or receiving satisfaction; and
+        y<sup>e</sup> said comissioners (not doubting but Uncass will either
+        come him selfe, or send his deputies, in like maner furnished) promising
+        to give a full hearing to both parties with equall justice, without any
+        partiall respects, according to their allegations and profs.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        4. The said Narigansett &amp; Niantick sagamors &amp; deputies doe
+        nearby promise &amp; covenante to keep and maintaine a firme &amp;
+        perpetuall peace, both with all y<sup>e</sup> English United Colonies
+        &amp; their successors, and with Uncass, y<sup>e</sup> Monhegen sachem,
+        &amp; his men; with Ossamequine, Pumham, Sokanoke, Cutshamakin, Shoanan,
+        Passaconaway, and all other Indean sagamors, and their companies, who
+        are in freindship with or subjecte to any of y<sup>e</sup> English;
+        hearby ingaging them selves, that they will not at any time hearafter
+        disturbe y<sup>e</sup> peace of y<sup>e</sup> cuntry, by any assaults,
+        hostile attempts, invasions, or other injuries, to any of y<sup>e</sup>
+        Unnited Collonies, or their successors; or to y<sup>e</sup> afforesaid
+        Indeans; either in their persons, buildings, catle, or goods, directly
+        or indirectly; nor will they confederate with any other against them;
+        &amp; if they know of any Indeans or others y<sup>t</sup> conspire or
+        intend hurt against y<sup>e</sup> said English, or any Indeans subjecte
+        to or in freindship with them, they will without delay acquainte &amp;
+        give notice therof to y<sup>e</sup> English com&#773;issioners, or some
+        of them.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Or if any questions or differences shall at any time hereafter arise or
+        grow betwext them &amp; Uncass, or any Endeans before mentioned they
+        will, according to former ingagments (which they hearby confirme &amp;
+        ratifie) first acquainte y<sup>e</sup> English, and crave their
+        judgments &amp; advice therin; and will not attempte or begine any warr,
+        or hostille invasion, till they have liberty and alowance from y<sup>e</sup>
+        comissioners of y<sup>e</sup> United Collonies so to doe.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_523" id="Page_523">[523]</a></span>
+        5. The said Narigansets &amp; Niantick sagamores &amp; deputies doe
+        hearby promise y<sup>t</sup> they will forthw<sup>th</sup> deliver &amp;
+        restore all such Indean fugitives, or captives which have at any time
+        fled from any of y<sup>e</sup> English, and are now living or abiding
+        amongst them, or give due satisfaction for them to y<sup>e</sup>
+        comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets; and further, that they will
+        (without more delays) pay, or cause to be payed, a yearly tribute, a
+        month before harvest, every year after this, at Boston, to y<sup>e</sup>
+        English Colonies, for all such Pequents as live amongst them, according
+        to y<sup>e</sup> former treaty &amp; agreemente, made at Hartford, 1638.
+        namly, one fathome of white wampam for every Pequente man, &amp; halfe a
+        fathume for each Pequente youth, and one hand length for each mal-child.
+        And if Weequashcooke refuse to pay this tribute for any Pequents with
+        him, the Narigansetts sagamores promise to assiste y<sup>e</sup> English
+        against him. And they further covenante y<sup>t</sup> they will resigne
+        &amp; yeeld up the whole Pequente cuntrie, and every parte of it, to y<sup>e</sup>
+        English collonies, as due to them by conquest.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        6. The said Narigansett &amp; Niantick sagamores &amp; deputie doe
+        hereby promise &amp; covenante y<sup>t</sup> within 14. days they will
+        bring &amp; deliver to y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts comissioners on the
+        behalf of y<sup>e</sup> collonies, [268] foure of their children, viz.
+        Pessecous his eldest son, the sone Tassaquanawite, brother to
+        Pessecouss, Awashawe his sone, and Ewangsos sone, a Niantick, to be
+        kepte (as hostages &amp; pledges) by y<sup>e</sup> English, till both y<sup>e</sup>
+        forementioned 2000. fathome of wampam be payed at y<sup>e</sup> times
+        appoynted, and y<sup>e</sup> differences betweexte themselves &amp;
+        Uncass be heard &amp; ordered, and till these artickles be under writen
+        at Boston, by Jenemo &amp; Wipetock. And further they hereby promise
+        &amp; covenante, y<sup>t</sup> if at any time hearafter any of y<sup>e</sup>
+        said children shall make escape, or be conveyed away from y<sup>e</sup>
+        English, before y<sup>e</sup> premisses be fully accomplished, they will
+        either bring back &amp; deliver to y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a
+        name="Page_524" id="Page_524">[524]</a></span>Massachusett comissioners
+        y<sup>e</sup> same children, or, if they be not to be founde, such &amp;
+        so many other children, to be chosen by y<sup>e</sup> comissioners for y<sup>e</sup>
+        United Collonies, or their assignes, and y<sup>t</sup> within 20. days
+        after demand, and in y<sup>e</sup> mean time, untill y<sup>e</sup> said
+        4. children be delivered as hostages, y<sup>e</sup> Narigansett &amp;
+        Niantick sagamors &amp; deputy doe, freely &amp; of their owne accorde,
+        leave with y<sup>e</sup> Massachusett comissioners, as pledges for
+        presente securitie, 4. Indeans, namely, Witowash, Pumanise, Jawashoe,
+        Waughwamino, who allso freely consente, and offer them selves to stay as
+        pledges, till y<sup>e</sup> said children be brought &amp; delivered as
+        abovesaid.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        7. The comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> United Collonies doe hereby
+        promise &amp; agree that, at y<sup>e</sup> charge of y<sup>e</sup>
+        United Collonies, y<sup>e</sup> 4. Indeans now left as pledges shall be
+        provided for, and y<sup>t</sup> the 4. children to be brought &amp;
+        delivered as hostages shall be kepte &amp; maintained at y<sup>e</sup>
+        same charge; that they will require Uncass &amp; his men, with all other
+        Indean sagamors before named, to forbear all acts of hostilitie againste
+        y<sup>e</sup> Narigansetts and Niantick Indeans for y<sup>e</sup>
+        future. And further, all y<sup>e</sup> promises being duly observed
+        &amp; kept by y<sup>e</sup> Narigansett &amp; Niantick Indians and their
+        company, they will at y<sup>e</sup> end of 2. years restore y<sup>e</sup>
+        said children delivered as hostiages, and retaine a firme peace with y<sup>e</sup>
+        Narigansets &amp; Nianticke Indeans and their successours.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        8. It is fully agreed by &amp; betwixte y<sup>e</sup> said parties, y<sup>t</sup>
+        if any hostile attempte be made while this treaty is in hand, or before
+        notice of this agreemente (to stay further preparations &amp;
+        directions) can be given, such attempts &amp; y<sup>e</sup> consequencts
+        therof shall on neither parte be accounted a violation of this treaty,
+        nor a breach of y<sup>e</sup> peace hear made &amp; concluded.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        9. The Narigansets &amp; Niantick sagamors &amp; deputie hereby agree
+        &amp; covenante to &amp; with y<sup>e</sup> comissioners of y<sup>e</sup>
+        United Collonies, y<sup>t</sup> henceforth they will neither give,
+        grante, sell, or in any maner alienate, any parte of their countrie, nor
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_525" id="Page_525">[525]</a></span>any
+        parcell of land therin, either to any of y<sup>e</sup> English or
+        others, without consente or allowance of y<sup>e</sup> com&#773;issioners.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        10. Lastly, they promise that, if any Pequente or other be found &amp;
+        discovered amongst them who hath in time of peace murdered any of y<sup>e</sup>
+        English, he or they shall be delivered to just punishmente.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        In witness wherof y<sup>e</sup> parties above named have
+        interchaingablie subscribed these presents, the day &amp; year above
+        writen.
+      </p>
+      <div style="margin:1em 10%;">
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">John Winthrop</span>, President.
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Herbert Pelham</span>.
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Tho: Prence</span>.
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">John Browne</span>.
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Geo: Fenwick</span>.
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Edwa: Hopkins</span>.
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Theoph: Eaton</span>.
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Steven Goodyeare</span>.
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Pessecouss</span> his mark
+        </div>
+        <div class="figcenter" style="width: 97px;">
+          <img src="images/mark01.png" alt="Pessecouss mark" title="" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Meekesano</span> his mark
+        </div>
+        <div class="figcenter" style="width: 98px;">
+          <img src="images/mark02.png" alt="" title="" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Witowash</span> his mark
+        </div>
+        <div class="figcenter" style="width: 104px;">
+          <img src="images/mark03.png" alt="" title="" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Aumsequen</span> his mark the Niantick deputy.
+        </div>
+        <div class="figcenter" style="width: 70px;">
+          <img src="images/mark04.png" alt="" title="" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Abdas</span> his mark
+        </div>
+        <div class="figcenter" style="width: 96px;">
+          <img src="images/mark05.png" alt="" title="" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Pummash</span> his mark
+        </div>
+        <div class="figcenter" style="width: 191px;">
+          <img src="images/mark06.png" alt="" title="" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="left">
+          <span class="smcap">Cutchamakin</span> his mark
+        </div>
+        <div class="figcenter" style="width: 125px;">
+          <img src="images/mark07.png" alt="" title="" />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <p>
+        This treaty and agreemente betwixte the comissioners of y<sup>e</sup>
+        United Collonies and y<sup>e</sup> sagamores and deputy of Narrigansets
+        and Niantick Indeans was made and concluded, Benedicte Arnold being
+        interpretour upon his oath; Sergante Callicate &amp; an Indean, his man,
+        being presente, and Josias &amp; Cutshamakin, tow Indeans aquainted with
+        y<sup>e</sup> English language, assisting therin; who opened &amp;
+        cleared the whole treaty, &amp; every article, to y<sup>e</sup>
+        sagamores and deputie there presente.
+      </p>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      And thus was y<sup>e</sup> warr at this time stayed and prevented.<span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_526" id="Page_526">[526]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="a1646" id="a1646"></a>[269] <i>Anno Dom: 1646.</i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      About y<sup>e</sup> midle of May, this year, came in 3. ships into this
+      harbor, in warrlike order; they were found to be men of warr. The captains
+      name was Crumwell, who had taken sundrie prizes from y<sup>e</sup>
+      Spaniards in y<sup>e</sup> West Indies. He had a comission from y<sup>e</sup>
+      Earle of Warwick. He had abord his vessels aboute 80. lustie men, (but
+      very unruly,) who, after they came ashore, did so distemper them selves
+      with drinke as they became like madd-men; and though some of them were
+      punished &amp; imprisoned, yet could they hardly be restrained; yet in y<sup>e</sup>
+      ende they became more moderate &amp; orderly. They continued here aboute a
+      month or 6. weeks, and then went to y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets; in which
+      time they spente and scattered a great deale of money among y<sup>e</sup>
+      people, and yet more sine (I fear) then money, notwithstanding all y<sup>e</sup>
+      care &amp; watchfullnes that was used towards them, to prevente what might
+      be.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In which time one sadd accidente fell out. A desperate fellow of y<sup>e</sup>
+      company fell a quarling with some of his company. His captine com&#773;anded
+      him to be quiet &amp; surcease his quarelling; but he would not, but
+      reviled his captaine with base language, &amp; in y<sup>e</sup> end halfe
+      drew his rapier, &amp; intended to rune at his captien; but he closed with
+      him, and wrasted his rapier from him, and gave him a boxe on y<sup>e</sup>
+      earr; but he would not give over, but still assaulted his captaine.
+      Wherupon <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_527" id="Page_527">[527]</a></span>he
+      tooke y<sup>e</sup> same rapier as it was in y<sup>e</sup> scaberd, and
+      gave him a blow with y<sup>e</sup> hilts; but it light on his head, &amp;
+      y<sup>e</sup> smal end of y<sup>e</sup> bar of y<sup>e</sup> rapier hilts
+      peirct his scull, &amp; he dyed a few days after. But y<sup>e</sup>
+      captaine was cleared by a counsell of warr. This fellow was so desperate a
+      quareller as y<sup>e</sup> captaine was faine many times to chaine him
+      under hatches from hurting his fellows, as y<sup>e</sup> company did
+      testifie; and this was his end.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This Captaine Thomas Cromuell sett forth another vioage to the Westindeas,
+      from the Bay of the Massachusets, well maned &amp; victuled; and was out
+      3. years, and tooke sundry prises, and returned rich unto the
+      Massachusets, and ther dyed the same som&#773;ere, having gott a fall from
+      his horse, in which fall he fell on his rapeir hilts, and so brused his
+      body as he shortly after dyed therof, with some other distempers, which
+      brought him into a feavor. Some observed that ther might be somthing of
+      the hand of God herein; that as the forenamed man dyed of y<sup>e</sup>
+      blow he gave him with y<sup>e</sup> rapeir hilts, so his owne death was
+      occationed by a like means.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+      <a href="images/fig11_l.jpg"> <img src="images/fig11.jpg" alt="" title="" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This year M<sup>r</sup>. Edward Winslow went into England, upon this
+      occation: some discontented persons under y<sup>e</sup> govermente of the
+      Massachusets sought to trouble their peace, and disturbe, if not innovate,
+      their govermente, by laying many [270] scandals upon them; and intended to
+      prosecute against them in England, by petitioning &amp; complaining to the
+      Parlemente. Allso <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_528" id="Page_528">[528]</a></span>Samuell
+      Gorton &amp; his company made complaints against them; so as they made
+      choyse of M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow to be their agente, to make their
+      defence, and gave him comission &amp; instructions for that end; in which
+      he so carried him selfe as did well answer their ends, and cleared them
+      from any blame or dishonour, to the shame of their adversaries. But by
+      reason of the great alterations in the State, he was detained longer then
+      was expected; and afterwards fell into other imployments their, so as he
+      hath now bene absente this 4. years, which hath been much to the weakning
+      of this govermente, without whose consente he tooke these imployments upon
+      him.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      <a name="a1647" id="a1647"></a><i>Anno 1647. And Anno 1648.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_529" id="Page_529">[529]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="APPENDIX" id="APPENDIX"></a>APPENDIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_530" id="Page_530">[530]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+      <a href="images/fig07_l.jpg"> <img src="images/fig07.jpg"
+      alt="Manuscript facsimile of the first appendix page." title="" /> </a>
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_531" id="Page_531">[531]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      APPENDIX.
+    </h3>
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="no_1" id="no_1"></a>No. I.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      [Passengers of the Mayflower.]
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The names of those which came over first, in y<sup>e</sup> year 1620. and
+      were by the blessing of God the first beginers and (in a sort) the
+      foundation of all the Plantations and Colonies in New-England; and their
+      families.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      8.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. John Carver; Kathrine, his wife; Desire Minter; &amp; 2.
+      man-servants, John Howland, Roger Wilder; William Latham, a boy; &amp; a
+      maid servant, &amp; a child y<sup>t</sup> was put to him, called Jasper
+      More.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      6.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. William Brewster; Mary, his wife; with 2. sons, whose names
+      were Love &amp; Wrasling; and a boy was put to him called Richard More;
+      and another of his brothers. The rest of his children were left behind,
+      &amp; came over afterwards.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      5.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Edward Winslow; Elizabeth, his wife; &amp; 2. men servants,
+      caled Georg Sowle and Elias Story; also a litle girle was put to him,
+      caled Ellen, the sister of Richard More.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      William Bradford, and Dorothy, his wife; having but one child, a sone,
+      left behind, who came afterward.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      6.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Isaack Allerton, and Mary, his wife; with 3. children,
+      Bartholmew, Remember, &amp; Mary; and a servant boy, John Hooke.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_532" id="Page_532">[532]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Samuell Fuller, and a servant, caled William Butten. His
+      wife was behind, &amp; a child, which came afterwards.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      John Crakston, and his sone, John Crakston.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Captin Myles Standish, and Rose, his wife.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Christopher Martin, and his wife, and 2. servants, Salamon
+      Prower and John Langemore.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      5.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. William Mullines, and his wife, and 2. children, Joseph
+      &amp; Priscila; and a servant, Robart Carter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      6.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. William White, and Susana, his wife, and one sone, caled
+      Resolved, and one borne a ship-bord, caled Peregriene; &amp; 2. servants,
+      named William Holbeck &amp; Edward Thomson.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      8.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Steven Hopkins, &amp; Elizabeth, his wife, and 2. children,
+      caled Giles, and Constanta, a doughter, both by a former wife; and 2. more
+      by this wife, caled Damaris &amp; Oceanus; the last was borne at sea; and
+      2. servants, called Edward Doty and Edward Litster.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      1.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Richard Warren; but his wife and children were lefte
+      behind, and came afterwards.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      John Billinton, and Elen, his wife; and 2. sones, John &amp; Francis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Edward Tillie, and Ann, his wife; and 2. children that were their cossens,
+      Henery Samson and Humillity Coper.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      3.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      John Tillie, and his wife; and Eelizabeth, their doughter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Francis Cooke, and his sone John. But his wife &amp; other children came
+      afterwards.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_533" id="Page_533">[533]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Thomas Rogers, and Joseph, his sone. His other children came afterwards.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      3.<a name="FNanchor_EV_152" id="FNanchor_EV_152"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_EV_152" class="fnanchor">[EV]</a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Thomas Tinker, and his wife, and a sone.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      John Rigdale, and Alice, his wife.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      3.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      James Chilton, and his wife, and Mary, their dougter. They had an other
+      doughter, y<sup>t</sup> was maried, came afterward.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      3.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Edward Fuller, and his wife, and Samuell, their sonne.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      3.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      John Turner, and 2. sones. He had a doughter came some years after to
+      Salem, wher she is now living.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      3.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Francis Eaton, and Sarah, his wife, and Samuell, their sone, a yong child.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      10.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Moyses Fletcher, John Goodman, Thomas Williams, Digerie Preist, Edmond
+      Margeson, Peter Browne, Richard Britterige, Richard Clarke, Richard
+      Gardenar, Gilbart Winslow.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      1.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      John Alden was hired for a cooper, at South-Hampton, wher the ship
+      victuled; and being a hopfull yong man, was much desired, but left to his
+      owne liking to go or stay when he came here; but he stayed, and maryed
+      here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      John Allerton and Thomas Enlish were both hired, the later to goe m<sup>r</sup>
+      of a shalop here, and y<sup>e</sup> other was reputed as one of y<sup>e</sup>
+      company, but was to go back (being a seaman) for the help of others
+      behind. But they both dyed here, before the shipe returned.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_534" id="Page_534">[534]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      There were allso other 2. seamen hired to stay a year here in the country,
+      William Trevore, and one Ely. But when their time was out, they both
+      returned.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These, bening aboute a hundred sowls, came over in this first ship; and
+      began this worke, which God of his goodnes hath hithertoo blesed; let his
+      holy name have y<sup>e</sup> praise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      And seeing it hath pleased him to give me to see 30. years compleated
+      since these beginings; and that the great works of his providence are to
+      be observed, I have thought it not unworthy my paines to take a veiw of
+      the decreasings &amp; increasings of these persons, and such changs as
+      hath pased over them &amp; theirs, in this thirty years. It may be of some
+      use to such as come after; but, however, I shall rest in my owne benefite.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I will therfore take them in order as they lye.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Carver and his wife dyed the first year; he in y<sup>e</sup>
+      spring, she in y<sup>e</sup> som&#773;er; also, his man Roger and y<sup>e</sup>
+      litle boy Jasper dyed before either of them, of y<sup>e</sup> commone
+      infection. Desire Minter returned to her freinds, &amp; proved not very
+      well, and dyed in England. His servant boy Latham, after more then 20.
+      years stay in the country, went into England, and from thence to the
+      Bahamy Ilands in y<sup>e</sup> West Indies, and ther, with some others,
+      was starved for want of food. His maid servant maried, &amp; dyed a year
+      or tow after, here in this place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      15.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      His servant, John Howland, maried the doughter of John Tillie, Elizabeth,
+      and they are both now living, and have 10. children, now all living; and
+      their eldest daughter hath 4. children. And ther 2. daughter, 1. all
+      living; and other of their children mariagable. So 15. are come of them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_535" id="Page_535">[535]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster lived to very old age; about 80. years he was when
+      he dyed, having lived some 23. or 24. years here in y<sup>e</sup>
+      countrie; &amp; though his wife dyed long before, yet she dyed aged. His
+      sone Wrastle dyed a yonge man unmaried; his sone Love lived till this year
+      1650. and dyed, &amp; left 4. children, now living. His doughters which
+      came over after him are dead, but have left sundry children alive; his
+      eldst sone is still liveing, and hath 9. or 10 children; one maried, who
+      hath a child or 2.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Richard More his brother dyed the first winter; but he is maried, and hath
+      4. or 5. children, all living.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Ed: Winslow his wife dyed the first winter; and he maried
+      with the widow of M<sup>r</sup>. White, and hath 2. children living by her
+      marigable, besids sundry that are dead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      8.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      One of his servants dyed, as also the litle girle, soone after the ships
+      arivall. But his man, Georg Sowle, is still living, and hath 8. childr&#275;.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      William Bradford his wife dyed soone after their arivall; and he maried
+      againe; and hath 4. children, 3. wherof are maried.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      8.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton his wife dyed with the first, and his servant,
+      John Hooke. His sone Bartle is maried in England, but I know not how many
+      children he hath. His doughter Remember is maried at Salem, &amp; hath 3.
+      or 4. children living. And his doughter Mary is maried here, &amp; hath 4.
+      children. Him selfe maried againe with y<sup>e</sup> doughter of M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Brewster, &amp; hath one sone living by her, but she is long since dead.
+      And he is maried againe, and hath left this place long agoe. So I account
+      his increase to be 8. besids his sons in England.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      2.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Fuller his servant dyed at sea; and after his wife came
+      over, he had tow children by her, which are living and growne up to years;
+      but he dyed some 15. years agoe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_536" id="Page_536">[536]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      John Crakston dyed in the first mortality; and about some 5. or 6. years
+      after, his sone dyed; having lost him selfe in y<sup>e</sup> wodes, his
+      feet became frosen, which put him into a feavor, of which he dyed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a name="FNanchor_EW_153" id="FNanchor_EW_153"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_EW_153" class="fnanchor">[EW]</a> Captain Standish his
+      wife dyed in the first sicknes, and he maried againe, and hath 4. sones
+      liveing, and some <i>are dead</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Martin, he &amp; all his, dyed in the first infection not
+      long after the arivall.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      15.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Molines, and his wife, his sone, and his servant, dyed the
+      first winter. Only his dougter Priscila survied, and maried with John
+      Alden, who are both living, and have 11. children. And their eldest
+      daughter is maried, &amp; hath five children.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      7.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Mr. White and his 2. servants dyed soone after ther landing. His wife
+      maried with M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow (as is before noted). His 2. sons are
+      maried, and Resolved hath 5. children, Perigrine tow, all living. So their
+      increase are 7.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      5.
+    </div>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Hopkins and his wife are now both dead, but they lived
+      above 20. years in this place, and had one sone and 4. doughters borne
+      here. Ther sone became a seaman, &amp; dyed at Barbadoes; one daughter
+      dyed here, and 2. are maried; one of them hath 2. children; &amp; one is
+      yet to mary. So their increase which still survive are 5. But his sone
+      Giles is maried, and hath 4. children.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      12.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      His doughter Constanta is also maried, and hath 12. children, all of them
+      living, and one of them maried.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_537" id="Page_537">[537]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      M<sup>r</sup>. Richard Warren lived some 4. or 5. years, and had his wife
+      come over to him, by whom he had 2. sons before dyed; and one of them is
+      maryed, and hath 2. children. So his increase is 4. But he had 5.
+      doughters more came over with his wife, who are all maried, &amp; living,
+      &amp; have many children.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      8.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      John Billinton, after he had bene here 10. yers, was executed for killing
+      a man; and his eldest sone dyed before him; but his 2. sone is alive, and
+      maried, &amp; hath 8. children.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      7.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Edward Tillie and his wife both dyed soon after their arivall; and the
+      girle Humility, their cousen, was sent for into England, and dyed ther.
+      But the youth Henery Samson is still liveing, and is maried, &amp; hath 7.
+      children.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      John Tillie and his wife both dyed a litle after they came ashore; and
+      their daughter Elizabeth maried with John Howland, and hath issue as is
+      before noted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      8.
+    </div>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Francis Cooke is still living, a very olde man, and hath seene his
+      childrens children have children; after his wife came over, (with other of
+      his children,) he hath 3. still living by her, all maried, and have 5.
+      children; so their encrease is 8. And his sone John, which came over with
+      him, is maried, and hath 4, chilldren living.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      6.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Thomas Rogers dyed in the first sicknes, but his sone Joseph is still
+      living, and is maried, and hath 6. children. The rest of Thomas Rogers
+      [children] came over, &amp; are maried, &amp; have many children.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thomas Tinker and his wife and sone all dyed in the first sicknes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And so did John Rigdale and his wife.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_538" id="Page_538">[538]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      10.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      James Chilton and his wife also dyed in the first infection. But their
+      daughter Mary is still living, and hath 9. children; and one daughter is
+      maried, &amp; hath a child; so their increase is 10.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Edward Fuller and his wife dyed soon after they came ashore; but their
+      sone Samuell is living, &amp; maried, and hath 4. children or more.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      John Turner and his 2. sones all dyed in the first siknes. But he hath a
+      daugter still living at Salem, well maried, and approved of.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      4.
+    </div>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      1.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Francis Eaton his first wife dyed in the generall sicknes; and he maried
+      againe, &amp; his 2. wife dyed, &amp; he maried the 3. and had by her 3.
+      children. One of them is maried, &amp; hath a child; the other are living,
+      but one of them is an ideote. He dyed about 16. years 1. agoe. His sone
+      Samuell, who came over a sucking child, is allso maried, &amp; hath a
+      child.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Moyses Fletcher, Thomas Williams, Digerie Preist, John Goodman, Edmond
+      Margeson, Richard Britteridge, Richard Clarke. All these dyed sone after
+      their arivall, in the generall sicknes that befell. But Digerie Preist had
+      his wife &amp; children sent hither afterwards, she being M<sup>r</sup>.
+      Allertons sister. But the rest left no posteritie here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Richard Gardinar became a seaman, and died in England, or at sea.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Gilbert Winslow, after diverse years aboad here, returned into England,
+      and dyed ther.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="sidenote">
+      6.
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Peter Browne maried twise. By his first wife he had 2. children, who are
+      living, &amp; both of them maried, and the one of them hath 2. children;
+      by his second wife he had 2. more. He dyed about 16. years since.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_539" id="Page_539">[539]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thomas English and John Allerton dyed in the generall siknes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      John Alden maried with Priscila, M<sup>r</sup>. Mollines his doughter, and
+      had issue by her as is before related.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Edward Doty &amp; Edward Litster, the servants of M<sup>r</sup>. Hopkins.
+      Litster, after he was at liberty, went to Virginia, &amp; ther dyed. But
+      Edward Doty by a second wife hath 7. children, and both he and they are
+      living.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of these 100. persons which came first over in this first ship together,
+      the greater halfe dyed in the generall mortality; and most of them in 2.
+      or three monthes time. And for those which survied, though some were
+      ancient &amp; past procreation, &amp; others left y<sup>e</sup> place and
+      cuntrie, yet of those few remaining are sprunge up above 160. persons, in
+      this 30. years, and are now living in this presente year, 1650. besids
+      many of their children which are dead, and come not within this account.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And of the old stock (of one &amp; other) ther are yet living this present
+      year, 1650. nere 30. persons. Let the Lord have y<sup>e</sup> praise, who
+      is the High Preserver of men.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="FNanchor_EX_154" id="FNanchor_EX_154"></a><a
+      href="#Footnote_EX_154" class="fnanchor">[EX]</a> Twelfe persons liveing
+      of the old stock this present yeare, 1679.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Two persons liveing that came over in the first shipe 1620, this present
+      yeare, 1690. Resolved White and Mary Chusman,<a name="FNanchor_EY_155"
+      id="FNanchor_EY_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_EY_155" class="fnanchor">[EY]</a>
+      the daughter of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And John Cooke, the son of Frances Cooke, that came in the first ship, is
+      still liveing this present yeare, 1694; &amp; Mary Cushman is still
+      living, this present year, 1698.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_540" id="Page_540">[540]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p class="center break">
+      <a name="No_II" id="No_II"></a>No. II.
+    </p>
+    <p class="center">
+      [Commission for Regulating Plantations.]
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Charles by y<sup>e</sup> grace of God king of England, Scotland, France,
+      and Ireland, Defender of y<sup>e</sup> Faith, &amp;c.<a
+      name="FNanchor_EZ_156" id="FNanchor_EZ_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_EZ_156"
+      class="fnanchor">[EZ]</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the most Reve<sup>d</sup> father in Christ, our wellbeloved &amp;
+      faithfull counsellour, William, by devine providence Archbishop of
+      Counterbery, of all England Primate &amp; Metropolitan; Thomas Lord
+      Coventry, Keeper of our Great Seale of England; the most Reverente father
+      in Christ our wellbeloved and most faithful Counselour, Richard, by devine
+      providence Archbishop of Yorke, Primate &amp; Metropolitan; our
+      wellbeloved and most faithfull coussens &amp; Counselours, Richard, Earle
+      of Portland, our High Treasurer of England; Henery, Earle of Manchester,
+      Keeper of our Privie Seale; Thomas, Earle of Arundalle &amp; Surry, Earle
+      Marshall of England; Edward, Earle of Dorsett, Chamberline of our most
+      dear consorte, the Queene; and our beloved &amp; faithfull Counselours,
+      Francis Lord Cottington, Counseler, and Undertreasurour of our Eschequour;
+      S<sup>r</sup>: Thomas Edmonds, knight, Treasourer of our houshould; S<sup>r</sup>:
+      Henery Vane, Knight, controuler of y<sup>e</sup> same houshould; S<sup>r</sup>:
+      John Cooke, Knight, one of our Privie Secretaries; and Francis Windebanck,
+      Knight, another of our Privie Secretaries,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Wheras very many of our subjects, &amp; of our late fathers of beloved
+      memory, our sovereigne lord James, late king of England, by means of
+      licence royall, not only with <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_541"
+      id="Page_541">[541]</a></span>desire of inlarging y<sup>e</sup> teritories
+      of our empire, but cheefly out of a pious &amp; religious affection, &amp;
+      desire of propagating y<sup>e</sup> gospell of our Lord Jesus Christ, with
+      great industrie &amp; expences have caused to be planted large Collonies
+      of y<sup>e</sup> English nation, in diverse parts of y<sup>e</sup> world
+      altogether unmannred, and voyd of inhabitants, or occupied of the
+      barbarous people that have no knowledg of divine worship. We being willing
+      to provid a remedy for y<sup>e</sup> tranquillity &amp; quietnes of those
+      people, and being very confidente of your faith &amp; wisdom, justice
+      &amp; providente circomspection, have constituted you y<sup>e</sup>
+      aforesaid Archbishop of Counterburie, Lord Keeper of y<sup>e</sup> Great
+      Seale of England, y<sup>e</sup> Archbishop of Yorke, &amp;c. and any 5. or
+      more, of you, our Comissioners; and to you, and any 5. or more of you, we
+      doe give and com&#773;ite power for y<sup>e</sup> govermente &amp; saftie
+      of y<sup>e</sup> said collonies, drawen, or which, out of y<sup>e</sup>
+      English nation into those parts hereafter, shall be drawne, to make lawes,
+      constitutions, &amp; ordinances, pertaining ether to y<sup>e</sup> publick
+      state of these collonies, or y<sup>e</sup> private profite of them; and
+      concerning y<sup>e</sup> lands, goods, debts, &amp; succession in those
+      parts, and how they shall demaine them selves, towards foraigne princes,
+      and their people, or how they shall bear them selves towards us, and our
+      subjects, as well in any foraine parts whatsoever, or on y<sup>e</sup>
+      seas in those parts, or in their returne sayling home; or which may
+      pertaine to y<sup>e</sup> clergie govermente, or to y<sup>e</sup> cure of
+      soules, among y<sup>e</sup> people ther living, and exercising trad in
+      those parts; by designing out congruente porcions arising in tithes,
+      oblations, &amp; other things ther, according to your sound discretions,
+      in politicall &amp; civill causes; and by haveing y<sup>e</sup> advise of
+      2. or 3. bishops, for y<sup>e</sup> setling, making, &amp; ordering of y<sup>e</sup>
+      bussines, for y<sup>e</sup> designeing of necessary ecclesiasticall, and
+      clargie porcions, which you shall cause to be called, and taken to you.
+      And to make provission against y<sup>e</sup> violation of those <span
+      class="pagenum"><a name="Page_542" id="Page_542">[542]</a></span>laws,
+      constitutions, and ordinances, by imposing penealties &amp; mulets,
+      imprisonmente if ther be cause, and y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> quality of
+      y<sup>e</sup> offence doe require it, by deprivation of member, or life,
+      to be inflicted. With power allso (our assente being had) to remove, &amp;
+      displace y<sup>e</sup> governours or rulers of those collonies, for causes
+      which to you shall seeme lawfull, and others in their stead to constitute;
+      and require an accounte of their rule &amp; govermente, and whom you shall
+      finde culpable, either by deprivation from their place, or by imposition
+      of a mulete upon y<sup>e</sup> goods of them in those parts to be levied,
+      or banishmente from those provinces in w<sup>ch</sup> they have been gove<sup>r</sup>
+      or otherwise to cashier according to y<sup>e</sup> quantity of y<sup>e</sup>
+      offence. And to constitute judges, &amp; magistrats politicall &amp;
+      civill, for civill causes and under y<sup>e</sup> power and forme, which
+      to you 5. or more of you shall seeme expediente. And judges &amp;
+      magistrats &amp; dignities, to causes Ecclesiasticall, and under y<sup>e</sup>
+      power &amp; forme which to you 5. or more of you, with the bishops
+      vicegerents (provided by y<sup>e</sup> Archbishop of Counterbure for y<sup>e</sup>
+      time being), shall seeme expediente; and to ordaine courts, pretoriane and
+      tribunall, as well ecclesiasticall, as civill, of judgmentes; to detirmine
+      of y<sup>e</sup> formes and maner of procceedings in y<sup>e</sup> same;
+      and of appealing from them in matters &amp; causes as well criminall, as
+      civill, personall, reale, and mixte, and to their seats of justice, what
+      may be equall &amp; well ordered, and what crimes, faults, or exessess, of
+      contracts or injuries ought to belonge to y<sup>e</sup> Ecclesiasticall
+      courte, and what to y<sup>e</sup> civill courte, and seate of justice.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Provided never y<sup>e</sup> less, y<sup>t</sup> the laws, ordinances,
+      &amp; constitutions of this kinde, shall not be put in execution, before
+      our assent be had therunto in writing under our signet, signed at least,
+      and this assente being had, and y<sup>e</sup> same publikly proclaimed in
+      y<sup>e</sup> provinces in which they are to be executed, we will &amp;
+      com&#773;and y<sup>t</sup> those lawes, ordinances, and constitutions more
+      fully to obtaine strength and be observed<a name="FNanchor_FA_157"
+      id="FNanchor_FA_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_FA_157" class="fnanchor">[FA]</a>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_543" id="Page_543">[543]</a></span>shall
+      be inviolably of all men whom they shall concerne.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Notwithstanding it shall be for you, or any 5. or more of you, (as is
+      afforsaid,) allthough those lawes, constitutions, and ordinances shalbe
+      proclaimed with our royall assente, to chainge, revocke, &amp; abrogate
+      them, and other new ones, in forme afforsaid, from time to time frame and
+      make as afforesaid; and to new evills arissing, or new dangers, to apply
+      new remedyes as is fitting, so often as to you it shall seeme expediente.
+      Furthermore you shall understand that we have constituted you, and every
+      5. or more of you, the afforesaid Archbishop of Counterburie, Thomas Lord
+      Coventrie, Keeper of y<sup>e</sup> Great Seale of England, Richard, Bishop
+      of Yorke, Richard, Earle of Portland, Henery, Earle of Manchester, Thomas,
+      Earle of Arundale &amp; Surry, Edward, Earell of Dorsett, Francis Lord
+      Cottinton, S<sup>r</sup> Thomas Edmonds,<a name="FNanchor_FB_158"
+      id="FNanchor_FB_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_FB_158" class="fnanchor">[FB]</a>
+      knighte, S<sup>r</sup> Henry Vane, knight, S<sup>r</sup> Francis
+      Windebanke, knight, our comissioners to hear, &amp; determine, according
+      to your sound discretions, all maner of complaints either against those
+      collonies, or their rulers, or govenours, at y<sup>e</sup> instance of y<sup>e</sup>
+      parties greeved, or at their accusation brought concerning injuries from
+      hence, or from thence, betweene them, &amp; their members to be moved, and
+      to call y<sup>e</sup> parties before you; and to the parties or to their
+      procurators, from hence, or from thence being heard y<sup>e</sup> full
+      complemente of justice to be exhibted. Giving unto you, or any 5. or more
+      of you power, y<sup>t</sup> if you shall find any of y<sup>e</sup>
+      collonies afforesaid, or any of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe rulers upon y<sup>e</sup>
+      jurisdictions of others by unjust possession, or usurpation, or one
+      against another making greevance, or in rebelion against us, or
+      withdrawing from our alegance, or our comandments, not obeying,
+      consultation first with us in y<sup>t</sup> case had, to cause those
+      colonies, or y<sup>e</sup> rulers of them, <span class="pagenum"><a
+      name="Page_544" id="Page_544">[544]</a></span>for y<sup>e</sup> causes
+      afforesaid, or for other just causes, either to returne to England, or to
+      comand them to other places designed, even as according to your sounde
+      discretions it shall seeme to stand with equitie, &amp; justice, or
+      necessitie. Moreover, we doe give unto you, &amp; any 5. or more of you,
+      power &amp; spetiall com&#773;and over all y<sup>e</sup> charters, leters
+      patents, and rescripts royall, of y<sup>e</sup> regions, provinces,
+      ilands, or lands in foraigne parts, granted for raising colonies, to cause
+      them to be brought before you, &amp; y<sup>e</sup> same being received, if
+      any thing surrepticiously or unduly have been obtained, or y<sup>t</sup>
+      by the same priviledges, liberties, &amp; prerogatives hurtfull to us, or
+      to our crowne, or to foraigne princes, have been prejudicially suffered,
+      or granted; the same being better made knowne unto you 5. or more of you,
+      to com&#773;and them according to y<sup>e</sup> laws and customs of
+      England to be revoked, and to doe such other things, which to y<sup>e</sup>
+      profite &amp; safgard of y<sup>e</sup> afforesaid collonies, and of our
+      subjects residente in y<sup>e</sup> same, shall be necessary. And therfore
+      we doe com&#773;and you that aboute y<sup>e</sup> premisses at days &amp;
+      times, which for these things you shall make provission, that you be
+      diligente in attendance, as it becometh you; giving in precepte also,
+      &amp; firmly injoyning, we doe give com&#773;and to all and singuler
+      cheefe rulers of provinces into which y<sup>e</sup> colonies afforesaid
+      have been drawne, or shall be drawne, &amp; concerning y<sup>e</sup>
+      colonies themselves, &amp; concerning others, y<sup>t</sup> have been
+      interest therein, y<sup>t</sup> they give atendance upon you, and be
+      observante and obediente unto your warrants in those affaires, as often
+      as, and even as in our name they shall be required, at their perill. In
+      testimoney wherof, we have caused these our letters to be made pattente.
+      Wittnes our selfe at Westminster the 28. day of Aprill, in y<sup>e</sup>
+      tenth year of our Raigne.
+    </p>
+    <div class="ltr_sig_blk">
+      <div class="closing">
+        By write from y<sup>e</sup> privie seale,
+      </div>
+      <div class="ltr_sig">
+        <span class="smcap">Willies.</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="ltr_dt_lt">
+      Anno Dom: 1634.
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_545" id="Page_545">[545]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_547" id="Page_547">[547]</a></span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      Index
+    </h2>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Abdas, an Indian, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Accord Pond, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Acoughcouss, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Adventurers. See <i>Merchant Adventurers</i>.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Alden. John, arrested in Massachusetts, <a href="#Page_379">379.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Party to contract, <a href="#Page_452">452,</a> <a href="#Page_458">458.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Settlement with, <a href="#Page_478">478,</a> <a href="#Page_481">481.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_539">539.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Alden, Robert, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Allerton, Bartholomew, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Allerton, Isaac, <a href="#Page_62">62.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Assistant, <a href="#Page_121">121,</a> <a href="#Page_242">242.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Goes to England, <a href="#Page_252">252,</a> <a href="#Page_267">267,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_274">274,</a> <a href="#Page_313">313,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_328">328.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Agreement with, <a href="#Page_254">254 <i>et seq.</i></a>, <a
+            href="#Page_271">271,</a> <a href="#Page_272">272.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Brings over Mr. Rogers, <a href="#Page_292">292.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Marries Elder Brewster's daughter, <a href="#Page_305">305.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Discharged, <a href="#Page_329">329,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_358">358.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Disciplined by church, <a href="#Page_349">349.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Disregards his bond, <a href="#Page_357">357,</a> <a href="#Page_362">362.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Referred to, <a href="#Page_276">276,</a> <a href="#Page_278">278</a>-280,
+            <a href="#Page_294">294,</a> <a href="#Page_296">296,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_297">297,</a> <a href="#Page_300">300</a>-303, <a
+            href="#Page_305">305</a>-312, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>-327, <a
+            href="#Page_335">335,</a> <a href="#Page_336">336,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_340">340</a>-350, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>-359, <a
+            href="#Page_361">361,</a> <a href="#Page_363">363</a>-369, <a
+            href="#Page_375">375,</a> <a href="#Page_394">394,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_432">432,</a> <a href="#Page_436">436,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_452">452.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_531">531.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Allerton, John, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_539">539.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Allerton, Mary, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_353">353.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Allerton, Remember, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Alltham, Emanuel, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Amsterdam, <a href="#Page_23">23,</a> <a href="#Page_66">66,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_70">70,</a> <a href="#Page_73">73.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Anabaptistry, <a href="#Page_461">461.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Andrews, Richard, adventurer, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Undertaker, <a href="#Page_275">275,</a> <a href="#Page_279">279,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_296">296,</a> <a href="#Page_307">307,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a href="#Page_342">342,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_343">343,</a> <a href="#Page_394">394.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Beaver sent to, <a href="#Page_431">431,</a> <a href="#Page_435">435.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Takes land at Scituate, <a href="#Page_439">439.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Settlement with, <a href="#Page_452">452.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter to Freeman, <a href="#Page_482">482.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Referred to, <a href="#Page_410">410,</a> <a href="#Page_412">412,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_414">414,</a> <a href="#Page_436">436,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_447">447.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Andrews, Thomas, adventurer, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Ann. See <i>Cape Ann</i>.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Anne, ship, <a href="#Page_168">168,</a> <a href="#Page_171">171,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_177">177,</a> <a href="#Page_215">215.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Anthony, Lawrence, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Aquidnett Island, <a href="#Page_434">434,</a> <a href="#Page_461">461,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_515">515.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Argoll, Captain, <a href="#Page_47">47,</a> <a href="#Page_48">48.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Arminians, <a href="#Page_27">27,</a> <a href="#Page_28">28.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Arnold, Benedict, <a href="#Page_514">514,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Ashley, Edward, <a href="#Page_307">307.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            His patent and business, <a href="#Page_308">308 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Sends beaver home, <a href="#Page_318">318,</a> <a href="#Page_326">326.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Trades with Indians, <a href="#Page_327">327.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Referred to, <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a href="#Page_335">335,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_337">337,</a> <a href="#Page_339">339,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_346">346,</a> <a href="#Page_349">349.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            His death, <a href="#Page_328">328.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Assistants at Plymouth, <a href="#Page_121">121,</a> <a href="#Page_187">187.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Atwood, John, agent for Sherley, <a href="#Page_449">449 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Sherley's letter to, <a href="#Page_479">479.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Aulney, Monsieur d.', captures Penobscot, <a href="#Page_395">395,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_513">513.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Aurelius, Marcus, <a href="#Page_24">24.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Awasequin, chief, <a href="#Page_518">518,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Awashawe, Indian, <a href="#Page_523">523.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Babb, Mr., 412
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Baker, master of the Charity, <a href="#Page_202">202.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Baptism, differences respecting, <a href="#Page_457">457,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_461">461.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Barnstable, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Bass, Edward, <a href="#Page_255">255,</a> <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Beastliness, <a href="#Page_459">459 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Beauchamp, John, <a href="#Page_138">138,</a> <a href="#Page_141">141,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_255">255,</a> <a href="#Page_256">256,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_275">275,</a> <a href="#Page_276">276,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_296">296.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Patent in his name, <a href="#Page_307">307.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Referred to, <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a href="#Page_342">342,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_343">343,</a> <a href="#Page_368">368,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_394">394,</a> <a href="#Page_412">412,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_414">414,</a> <a href="#Page_431">431,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_435">435,</a> <a href="#Page_439">439,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_451">451.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Settlement with, <a href="#Page_452">452.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Bellingham, Richard, deputy governor of Massachusetts, <a
+        href="#Page_399">399.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letters from, <a href="#Page_400">400,</a> <a href="#Page_461">461.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Billirike (Billerica), Pilgrims came from, <a href="#Page_69">69.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Billington, Elen, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Billington, Francis, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Billington, John, <a href="#Page_218">218.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Loses himself, <a href="#Page_123">123.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Tried for murder and executed, <a href="#Page_329">329.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Billington, John, Jr., <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_548" id="Page_548">[548]</a></span>
+        Blackwell, Sir Francis, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>-50, <a href="#Page_54">54.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Block Island, <a href="#Page_418">418,</a> <a href="#Page_421">421.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Blossom, Thomas, <a href="#Page_374">374.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Boston in England, <a href="#Page_16">16.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Boston in New England, <a href="#Page_342">342,</a> <a href="#Page_354">354,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_383">383,</a> <a href="#Page_417">417,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_501">501,</a> <a href="#Page_518">518.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Bound Brook, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Bradford, Dorothy, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Bradford, Wm., begins writing, <a href="#Page_9">9.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            W. B., <a href="#Page_62">62.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Chosen governor, <a href="#Page_121">121.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Illness, <a href="#Page_111">111,</a> <a href="#Page_121">121.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter to Weston, <a href="#Page_131">131.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter from Weston, <a href="#Page_142">142.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter from Pickering and Greene, <a href="#Page_144">144,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_272">272.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            With others appoints Sherley and Beauchamp agents, <a
+            href="#Page_278">278.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Patent at Kennebec, <a href="#Page_376">376.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Surrenders patent, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter from, <a href="#Page_462">462.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Bradstreet, Simon, <a href="#Page_399">399,</a> <a href="#Page_513">513.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Brewer, Thomas, <a href="#Page_60">60,</a> <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Brewster, Jonathan, letter from, <a href="#Page_403">403.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Brewster, Love, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Brewster, Mary, <a href="#Page_531">531.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Brewster, Wm., Elder, <a href="#Page_14">14.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Goes to Holland, <a href="#Page_22">22.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Assistant to Robinson, <a href="#Page_24">24.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Correspondence with Sandys and Worstenholme, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>-45.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            As to going to America, <a href="#Page_53">53.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Labors for sick, <a href="#Page_111">111.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letters from Pickering, Greene and Weston, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>-146.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter from Robinson, <a href="#Page_198">198.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter from Roger White, <a href="#Page_248">248.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Referred to, <a href="#Page_153">153,</a> <a href="#Page_205">205,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_208">208,</a> <a href="#Page_278">278,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_380">380,</a> <a href="#Page_452">452.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Dies, <a href="#Page_487">487.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Character, <a href="#Page_488">488 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Brewster, Wrestling, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Bristol, England, <a href="#Page_320">320,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_338">338,</a> <a href="#Page_340">340,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_347">347,</a> <a href="#Page_359">359.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Britteridge, Richard, <a href="#Page_535">535,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Brook, Lord, <a href="#Page_378">378.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Brown, John, <a href="#Page_513">513,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Brown, Peter, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Browning, Henry, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Brownists, <a href="#Page_238">238.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Button, Wm., dies, <a href="#Page_93">93.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Callicote, Sergeant, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Calvin, John, <a href="#Page_7">7.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Capawack, <a href="#Page_117">117,</a> <a href="#Page_125">125,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_148">148.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cape Ann, patent for, <a href="#Page_192">192.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_202">202,</a> <a href="#Page_204">204,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_237">237,</a> <a href="#Page_265">265.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_90">90.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Arrive at, <a href="#Page_93">93.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Explore bay of, <a href="#Page_101">101.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            French ship lost on, <a href="#Page_118">118.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_97">97,</a> <a href="#Page_123">123,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_127">127,</a> <a href="#Page_132">132,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a href="#Page_153">153,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_154">154,</a> <a href="#Page_186">186,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_231">231,</a> <a href="#Page_261">261,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_266">266.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Carter, Robert, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Carver, John, agent to England, <a href="#Page_40">40.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Deacon, <a href="#Page_40">40.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter from Staresmore, 50;
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                from Robinson, 58;
+              </li>
+              <li>
+                from S. F. <i>et al.</i>, 61;
+              </li>
+              <li>
+                from Cushman, 69;
+              </li>
+              <li>
+                from Robinson, 77;
+              </li>
+              <li>
+                from Weston, <a href="#Page_128">128,</a> <a href="#Page_137">137,</a>
+                <a href="#Page_140">140.</a>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Keeps letter, <a href="#Page_66">66.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Chosen governor, <a href="#Page_109">109.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_50">50,</a> <a href="#Page_54">54,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_58">58,</a> <a href="#Page_61">61,</a> <a href="#Page_63">63,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_67">67</a>-70, <a href="#Page_76">76,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_131">131.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            At Southampton, <a href="#Page_74">74.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Dies, <a href="#Page_121">121.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Carver, Kathrine, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cattle, first arrival of, <a href="#Page_189">189.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cawsumsett Neck, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Charity, ship, <a href="#Page_190">190,</a> <a href="#Page_207">207.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Charles I., commission by, for regulating plantations, <a
+        href="#Page_249">249,</a> <a href="#Page_540">540.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Charles River, <a href="#Page_440">440.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Charlestown, <a href="#Page_441">441.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Charlton, <a href="#Page_116">116.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Chauncey, Charles, invited to Plymouth, <a href="#Page_456">456,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_458">458.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letter from, <a href="#Page_467">467.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Chilton, James, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Chilton, Mary, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Chinnough, an Indian, <a href="#Page_513">513.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Christmas at Plymouth, <a href="#Page_134">134.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Church covenant, <a href="#Page_331">331.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Clapham, <a href="#Page_411">411,</a> <a href="#Page_451">451.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Clarke, pilot of the Mayflower, <a href="#Page_67">67.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Clarke, Richard, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Clifton, Rev. Richard, <a href="#Page_14">14.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cobiseconte, <a href="#Page_376">376.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Coddington, Wm., <a href="#Page_332">332,</a> <a href="#Page_399">399.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cohasset, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Collier, Wm., <a href="#Page_256">256,</a> <a href="#Page_340">340,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_367">367.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Sherley's agent, <a href="#Page_449">449.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Colonies of New England, confederation of, <a href="#Page_496">496.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Commissioners for the plantation, <a href="#Page_540">540.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Winslow petitions the, <a href="#Page_390">390.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Compact of the Pilgrims, <a href="#Page_109">109.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Connecticut, <a href="#Page_371">371,</a> <a href="#Page_386">386,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_387">387,</a> <a href="#Page_391">391,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_402">402,</a> <a href="#Page_405">405,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_415">415,</a> <a href="#Page_419">419,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_424">424,</a> <a href="#Page_430">430,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_506">506,</a> <a href="#Page_509">509.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cooke, Francis, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_539">539.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cooke, John, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_539">539.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cooke, Lord, <a href="#Page_50">50.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cooper, Humility, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Coppin, Robert, Mayflower pilot, deceived, <a href="#Page_104">104.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Corbitant takes Squanto, <a href="#Page_124">124,</a> <a href="#Page_136">136.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Corn. See <i>Indian Corn</i>.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cotton, Rev. John, <a href="#Page_332">332.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Coventry, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Crabe, Rev. Mr., <a href="#Page_71">71.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Crackston, John, family, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_549" id="Page_549">[549]</a></span>Cromwell,
+        Thomas, Captain, and his crew, <a href="#Page_526">526,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_527">527.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Crose, Daniel, murderer, escapes, <a href="#Page_432">432.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cushman, Mary, <a href="#Page_539">539.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cushman, Robert, agent to England, <a href="#Page_40">40.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letters from, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>-49.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter from S. F. <i>et al.</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_62">62.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letters to S F. <i>et al.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>-68;
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            to John Carver, <a href="#Page_69">69.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            to Ed. S., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>-90.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Comes in the Fortune, <a href="#Page_126">126.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Condemns Weston's colonists, <a href="#Page_147">147.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letters from, <a href="#Page_172">172,</a> <a href="#Page_191">191.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_49">49,</a> <a href="#Page_50">50,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_54">54,</a> <a href="#Page_58">58,</a> <a href="#Page_60">60,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_69">69,</a> <a href="#Page_74">74</a>-76, <a
+            href="#Page_85">85,</a> <a href="#Page_137">137.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            His death, <a href="#Page_249">249.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Cutshamakin, <a href="#Page_522">522,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Damariscove Islands, <a href="#Page_137">137,</a> <a href="#Page_187">187,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_228">228,</a> <a href="#Page_251">251.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Dartmouth, England, <a href="#Page_83">83,</a> <a href="#Page_86">86,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_90">90.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Davenport, Lieutenant, <a href="#Page_428">428.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Davidson, Wm., <a href="#Page_488">488.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Davis, John, Sergeant, <a href="#Page_514">514.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Delft-Haven, <a href="#Page_72">72.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Dennison, Wm., <a href="#Page_343">343.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Dermer, Captain, <a href="#Page_115">115,</a> <a href="#Page_118">118.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Dorchester, <a href="#Page_402">402,</a> <a href="#Page_406">406.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Doty, Edward, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_539">539.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Dudley, Thomas, <a href="#Page_232">232,</a> <a href="#Page_342">342.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letter from, <a href="#Page_379">379.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_384">384,</a> <a href="#Page_399">399,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_504">504.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Dumer, Richard, <a href="#Page_399">399.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Dutch, <a href="#Page_54">54,</a> <a href="#Page_196">196.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Send letters, <a href="#Page_281">281.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_370">370,</a> <a href="#Page_372">372</a>-374,
+            <a href="#Page_388">388.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Dutch letter, <a href="#Page_268">268.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Dutchman at Hull, <a href="#Page_17">17,</a> <a href="#Page_18">18,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_409">409.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Duxbury, <a href="#Page_362">362,</a> <a href="#Page_444">444,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_457">457,</a> <a href="#Page_458">458,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_474">474.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Earthquake in <a href="#Page_438">438,</a> <a href="#Page_437">437.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Eaton, Francis, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Eaton, Samuel, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Eaton, Sarah, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Eaton, Theoph., <a href="#Page_504">504,</a> <a href="#Page_513">513,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Elizabeth, Queen, <a href="#Page_7">7.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Ely, seaman of Mayflower, <a href="#Page_533">533.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Endicott, John, arrival of, with patent for Massachusetts, <a
+        href="#Page_286">286</a>-314.
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letter to Governor Bradford, <a href="#Page_315">315,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_442">442.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        English, Thomas, seaman on the Mayflower, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_539">539.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Episcopius, <a href="#Page_28">28.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Ewangsos, an Indian, <a href="#Page_523">523.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Exeter jail, <a href="#Page_303">303.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Falcon, ship, <a href="#Page_410">410.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Familism, <a href="#Page_461">461.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Farrar, Sir George, <a href="#Page_63">63.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fast, in Holland, <a href="#Page_52">52;</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            in Plymouth, <a href="#Page_170">170.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fells, Mr., <a href="#Page_264">264,</a> <a href="#Page_265">265.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fenwick, George, <a href="#Page_504">504,</a> <a href="#Page_513">513,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fitcher, Lieutenant, at Merry-Mount, <a href="#Page_284">284,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_285">285.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fleet Prison, <a href="#Page_328">328,</a> <a href="#Page_393">393,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_447">447.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fletcher, Moses, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fletcher, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Florida, <a href="#Page_37">37.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fogg, <a href="#Page_339">339.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fort Orange, now Albany, <a href="#Page_282">282.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fortune, arrival of the, <a href="#Page_126">126.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Departs, <a href="#Page_133">133,</a> <a href="#Page_142">142.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        France, <a href="#Page_147">147,</a> <a href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_448">448.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Freeman, Edmund, <a href="#Page_451">451,</a> <a href="#Page_456">456.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        French robbery at Penobscot, <a href="#Page_350">350.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        French ship lost on Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_118">118,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_137">137.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Friendship, ship, <a href="#Page_320">320,</a> <a href="#Page_328">328,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_329">329,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_336">336,</a> <a href="#Page_338">338,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_342">342,</a> <a href="#Page_343">343,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_346">346,</a> <a href="#Page_347">347,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_358">358,</a> <a href="#Page_360">360,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_413">413,</a> <a href="#Page_455">455.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fuller, Edward, and family, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Fuller, Samuel, letter from, <a href="#Page_61">61.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letters from Cushman, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>-68.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_93">93,</a> <a href="#Page_220">220,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_315">315.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            His death, <a href="#Page_374">374.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Furnival's Inn, <a href="#Page_284">284.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Galopp, John, <a href="#Page_429">429.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gardenar, Richard, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gardiner, Sir Christopher, <a href="#Page_352">352 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gibbons commands, <a href="#Page_518">518.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gibbs, Mr., mate of the Sparrow, <a href="#Page_275">275.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Girling, expedition of, to recover Penobscot, <a href="#Page_396">396.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Glover, Rev. Mr., <a href="#Page_408">408.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Goffe, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256,</a> <a href="#Page_275">275.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Goodman, John, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Goodyeare, Stephen, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, <a href="#Page_115">115,</a> <a href="#Page_180">180,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_300">300,</a> <a href="#Page_329">329,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_355">355,</a> <a href="#Page_391">391.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gorges, Robert, grant to, <a href="#Page_178">178.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Meets Mr. Weston, <a href="#Page_179">179.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Arrests him, <a href="#Page_183">183.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Returns to England, <a href="#Page_184">184.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gorton, Samuel, 528
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gosnold, Captain, names Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_94">94.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gott, Charles, <a href="#Page_316">316.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Granger, Thomas, <a href="#Page_474">474.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Graves, Mr., <a href="#Page_412">412.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Greene, Wm., <a href="#Page_143">143,</a> <a href="#Page_144">144.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Green's harbor, <a href="#Page_362">362.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gregson, Thomas, <a href="#Page_504">504,</a> <a href="#Page_513">513.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Greville, Sir Fulke, <a href="#Page_46">46.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Griffin, Mr., <a href="#Page_412">412.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Grimsbe and Hull, <a href="#Page_18">18.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Gudburn, Peter, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_550" id="Page_550">[550]</a></span>
+        Guiana, <a href="#Page_36">36,</a> <a href="#Page_55">55.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Hall, Mr., <a href="#Page_410">410.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hampton, <a href="#Page_332">332.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hanson, Captain, <a href="#Page_183">183.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hartford, <a href="#Page_501">501,</a> <a href="#Page_510">510.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hatherly, Timothy, <a href="#Page_256">256,</a> <a href="#Page_296">296,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_307">307,</a> <a href="#Page_309">309.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Arrives in Massachusetts Bay, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>-329, <a
+            href="#Page_334">334,</a> <a href="#Page_335">335,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_340">340.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Affirms by oath, <a href="#Page_342">342,</a> <a href="#Page_343">343,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_345">345.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            At Bristol, <a href="#Page_347">347.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Again comes to America, <a href="#Page_360">360,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_439">439.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hathorne, Wm., <a href="#Page_513">513.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Haynes, John, governor of Massachusetts, <a href="#Page_399">399.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Heath, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hedgehog, fable of the, <a href="#Page_211">211.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hendrick, Prince, <a href="#Page_249">249.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hibbins, Wm., <a href="#Page_479">479.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Higginson, Francis, <a href="#Page_317">317.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hingham, <a href="#Page_439">439.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Boundaries of, <a href="#Page_440">440,</a> <a href="#Page_442">442.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hobbamok, an Indian, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>-125, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>-137.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hobson, Wm., <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hocking, killed at the Kennebec, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>-384.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Holbeck, Wm., <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Holland, <a href="#Page_15">15,</a> <a href="#Page_22">22,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_30">30,</a> <a href="#Page_34">34,</a> <a href="#Page_42">42,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_69">69,</a> <a href="#Page_71">71,</a> <a href="#Page_374">374,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_393">393,</a> <a href="#Page_490">490.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Holland, Robert, <a href="#Page_243">243,</a> <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hooke, John, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hooker, Rev. Thomas, <a href="#Page_234">234.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hopkins, Constanta, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hopkins, Damaris, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hopkins, Edward, <a href="#Page_504">504,</a> <a href="#Page_513">513,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hopkins, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hopkins, Giles, <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hopkins, Oceanus, born at sea, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hopkins, Stephen, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Visits Massasoit, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Houghe, Atherton, <a href="#Page_399">399.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Howland, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_534">534.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Howland, John, falls overboard, <a href="#Page_92">92,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_452">452.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hubbard, Wm., historian, <a href="#Page_329">329.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Huddleston, John, letter from, <a href="#Page_150">150,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_151">151.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hudson, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hudson's Bay, <a href="#Page_196">196.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hudson's River, <a href="#Page_13">13.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hull, <a href="#Page_17">17,</a> <a href="#Page_18">18.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Humber River, <a href="#Page_441">441.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Humfray, John, <a href="#Page_399">399.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hunt, Thomas, Captain, captor of Squanto, <a href="#Page_115">115,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_116">116.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hunter, Rev. Joseph, <a href="#Page_151">151,</a> <a href="#Page_197">197.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Hurricane at Plymouth, <a href="#Page_401">401.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Indian corn, <a href="#Page_100">100.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Pilgrims take, and later pay for, <a href="#Page_100">100,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_123">123.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Squanto teaches how to plant, <a href="#Page_120">120.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Indians raise more, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Pilgrims do not yet know how to raise, <a href="#Page_152">152.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Several hogs-heads secured, <a href="#Page_155">155.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Each man to plant for himself, <a href="#Page_162">162.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Women and children set, <a href="#Page_162">162.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Fear about supply, <a href="#Page_176">176.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Indians, expected danger from, <a href="#Page_34">34,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_95">95.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            First seen, <a href="#Page_98">98.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Their corn found, <a href="#Page_99">99.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            About a grampus, <a href="#Page_101">101.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            First alarm of, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>-104, <a href="#Page_106">106.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Skulking, <a href="#Page_113">113.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_119">119,</a> <a href="#Page_123">123,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_127">127,</a> <a href="#Page_134">134,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_136">136,</a> <a href="#Page_156">156,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_157">157.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Resolve to destroy western people, <a href="#Page_158">158.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_232">232,</a> <a href="#Page_253">253,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_262">262.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Value of wampum, <a href="#Page_282">282.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Taught by Morton, <a href="#Page_286">286.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        &mdash;&mdash; Long Island, sachems of, <a href="#Page_428">428.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        &mdash;&mdash; Mohawks, <a href="#Page_427">427.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Kill Sassacus, <a href="#Page_430">430.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_514">514.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        &mdash;&mdash; Monhiggs beat the Narragansetts, <a href="#Page_430">430.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        &mdash;&mdash; Narragansetts, <a href="#Page_123">123,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_133">133,</a> <a href="#Page_135">135,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_136">136,</a> <a href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_152">152,</a> <a href="#Page_186">186,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_282">282,</a> <a href="#Page_416">416,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_423">423,</a> <a href="#Page_424">424,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_426">426,</a> <a href="#Page_430">430,</a> 433 <a
+        href="#Page_496">496,</a> <a href="#Page_505">505.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Agreement with, <a href="#Page_521">521.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        &mdash;&mdash; Neepnetts, <a href="#Page_429">429.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        &mdash;&mdash; Nyanticks, <a href="#Page_512">512,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_518">518.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Agreement with, <a href="#Page_521">521.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        &mdash;&mdash; Pequots, <a href="#Page_232">232,</a> <a href="#Page_282">282,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_371">371,</a> <a href="#Page_415">415,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_416">416,</a> <a href="#Page_418">418.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Attack English, <a href="#Page_419">419,</a> <a href="#Page_420">420,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_423">423</a>-426, <a href="#Page_430">430,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_496">496,</a> <a href="#Page_505">505.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Innemo, Indian chief, <a href="#Page_518">518.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Irish servants, <a href="#Page_264">264.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Isle of Shoals, <a href="#Page_291">291.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Jackson, Thomas, executed, <a href="#Page_432">432.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        James, a physician, <a href="#Page_434">434.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        James I., <a href="#Page_13">13.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Dies, <a href="#Page_219">219.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Named, <a href="#Page_356">356.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        James, ship, <a href="#Page_192">192.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Jeffrey, Sergeant, <a href="#Page_328">328.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Jenemo and Wipelock, <a href="#Page_523">523.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Johnson, Rev. Francis, <a href="#Page_48">48,</a> <a href="#Page_49">49.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Johnson, Mr., <a href="#Page_330">330,</a> <a href="#Page_332">332.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Johnsone, alderman, <a href="#Page_47">47.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Jonas, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Jones, captain of the Discovery, <a href="#Page_153">153.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Jones, captain of the Mayflower, <a href="#Page_83">83.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Kean, Robert, <a href="#Page_255">255,</a> <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Kennebec, load of corn sent up the, <a href="#Page_246">246.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_267">267,</a> <a href="#Page_280">280,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_282">282,</a> <a href="#Page_293">293,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_300">300,</a> <a href="#Page_311">311,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_326">326,</a> <a href="#Page_348">348,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_379">379,</a> <a href="#Page_407">407,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_421">421,</a> <a href="#Page_437">437.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Patent at, <a href="#Page_376">376.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Kent, <a href="#Page_70">70.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_551" id="Page_551">[551]</a></span>King,
+        Wm., <a href="#Page_89">89.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Knight, Eliza, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Knight, John, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Knowles, Myles, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Land's End, <a href="#Page_84">84.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Langemore, John, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Langrume, master of a ship, <a href="#Page_410">410,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_412">412.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Latham, Wm., <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        LaTour, French governor, <a href="#Page_513">513.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Laud, Wm., archbishop, <a href="#Page_391">391,</a> <a href="#Page_392">392.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Lee, Lord, <a href="#Page_430">430.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Levett, Christopher, <a href="#Page_179">179.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Leyden, <a href="#Page_23">23,</a> <a href="#Page_54">54,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_56">56,</a> <a href="#Page_66">66,</a> <a href="#Page_70">70.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Departure thence, <a href="#Page_71">71.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_85">85,</a> <a href="#Page_96">96,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_130">130,</a> <a href="#Page_143">143,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a href="#Page_189">189,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_216">216,</a> <a href="#Page_249">249,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_271">271,</a> <a href="#Page_293">293,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_314">314.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Lincoln, Countess of, <a href="#Page_51">51.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Lincolnshire, <a href="#Page_13">13,</a> <a href="#Page_16">16.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Ling, John, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Lister, Edward, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_539">539.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        London, <a href="#Page_69">69,</a> <a href="#Page_72">72,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_73">73,</a> <a href="#Page_84">84,</a> <a href="#Page_86">86,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_115">115,</a> <a href="#Page_195">195,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_244">244.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Plague in, <a href="#Page_246">246,</a> <a href="#Page_357">357,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_410">410.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        London bridge, fire on, <a href="#Page_367">367.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Low countries, <a href="#Page_22">22,</a> <a href="#Page_26">26,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_121">121,</a> <a href="#Page_296">296,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_448">448,</a> <a href="#Page_489">489.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Ludlow, Mr., <a href="#Page_428">428,</a> <a href="#Page_509">509.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Lyford, John, arrives, <a href="#Page_204">204.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letters intercepted, <a href="#Page_207">207,</a> <a href="#Page_208">208.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Sets up a public meeting, <a href="#Page_209">209.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Cited before the court, <a href="#Page_210">210.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_213">213,</a> <a href="#Page_215">215,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_219">219,</a> <a href="#Page_238">238,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_292">292.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            His acknowledgment, <a href="#Page_220">220.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Writes to adventurers, <a href="#Page_221">221.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Their opinion of him, <a href="#Page_223">223 <i>et seq.</i></a>, <a
+            href="#Page_227">227,</a> <a href="#Page_229">229,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_230">230.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Censured, <a href="#Page_232">232.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Facts concerning, <a href="#Page_232">232 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Goes to Nantasket, <a href="#Page_236">236.</a> Dies, <a
+            href="#Page_237">237.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Lyon, ship, <a href="#Page_363">363.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Maggner, Mr., <a href="#Page_47">47.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mahue, Mr., <a href="#Page_360">360.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Malabar, Cape, <a href="#Page_94">94.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Manamoick (Chatham), <a href="#Page_117">117,</a> <a href="#Page_125">125,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_155">155,</a> <a href="#Page_262">262.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Manoanscussett, <a href="#Page_281">281,</a> <a href="#Page_415">415.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Manomet (Sandwich), <a href="#Page_123">123.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Pinace built at, <a href="#Page_266">266.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_281">281,</a> <a href="#Page_402">402.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Margeson, Edmond, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Marriage, first, at Plymouth, <a href="#Page_121">121.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            By magistrates, <a href="#Page_393">393.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Marshfield, <a href="#Page_444">444,</a> <a href="#Page_458">458.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Martin, Christopher, <a href="#Page_69">69,</a> <a href="#Page_70">70,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_76">76,</a> <a href="#Page_87">87,</a> <a href="#Page_88">88,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Martyr, Peter, <a href="#Page_164">164.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mary, Queen, <a href="#Page_7">7,</a> <a href="#Page_352">352.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mary, Queen of Scots, <a href="#Page_489">489.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mary and Anne, <a href="#Page_435">435.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mason, Captain, with Gorges, <a href="#Page_355">355,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_391">391,</a> <a href="#Page_392">392.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mason, John, Captain, and the Pequots, <a href="#Page_428">428,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_518">518.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Massachusetts, location of, <a href="#Page_117">117.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Bay, <a href="#Page_149">149,</a> <a href="#Page_232">232,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_265">265,</a> <a href="#Page_295">295.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Gorges arrives in Bay, <a href="#Page_178">178,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_181">181.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Arrival of Ralfe Smith, <a href="#Page_314">314.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mr. Pierce and Mr. Hatherley come, <a href="#Page_319">319,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_320">320,</a> <a href="#Page_330">330,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_342">342.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Gardiner in, <a href="#Page_352">352,</a> <a href="#Page_361">361.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Roger Williams comes, <a href="#Page_369">369.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_371">371,</a> <a href="#Page_372">372,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_382">382,</a> <a href="#Page_383">383,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_403">403,</a> <a href="#Page_416">416,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_419">419,</a> <a href="#Page_433">433.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Boundaries between Massachusetts and Plymouth, <a href="#Page_447">447.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Massasoit visits Plymouth, <a href="#Page_114">114.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Treaty with, <a href="#Page_114">114.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Embassy to, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Sends word concerning Billington, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>-125,
+            <a href="#Page_134">134,</a> <a href="#Page_136">136.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Seeks Squanto's life, <a href="#Page_137">137.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Is sick, <a href="#Page_158">158.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Masterson, Richard, <a href="#Page_50">50,</a> <a href="#Page_374">374.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Maurice, Grave, dies, <a href="#Page_249">249.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mayflower, <a href="#Page_296">296.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        May-pole at Merry-Mount, <a href="#Page_285">285,</a> <a href="#Page_286">286.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Meekesano, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Merchant adventurers, agreement with, <a href="#Page_70">70,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_76">76.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Weston and the, <a href="#Page_138">138,</a> <a href="#Page_143">143.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            As to Lyford, <a href="#Page_234">234.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Broken up, <a href="#Page_237">237.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Names of, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Merrimac River, <a href="#Page_160">160.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Merry-Mount, <a href="#Page_284">284.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Miantonimo, <a href="#Page_505">505,</a> <a href="#Page_512">512.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Milford-Haven, <a href="#Page_348">348.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Millsop, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Minter, Desire, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mixano, <a href="#Page_518">518.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Monhegan, <a href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a href="#Page_185">185,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_251">251.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mononotto, an Indian, and his wife, <a href="#Page_429">429,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_430">430.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        More, Ellen, <a href="#Page_531">531.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        More, Jasper, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        More, Richard, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_533">533.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Morrell, Wm., Rev., comes with Robert Gorges, <a href="#Page_185">185.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Morton, George, <a href="#Page_59">59.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Morton, Thomas, at Mount Wollaston, <a href="#Page_284">284 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Arrested, <a href="#Page_291">291,</a> <a href="#Page_302">302.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Imprisoned in Boston, <a href="#Page_303">303,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_392">392.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mott, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mount Wollaston, <a href="#Page_284">284 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mullines, Joseph, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mullines, Priscila, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_539">539.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Mullines, Wm., <a href="#Page_76">76.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Nacata, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_552" id="Page_552">[552]</a></span>Naemschatet,
+        <a href="#Page_445">445.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Namasket, <a href="#Page_116">116.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Namassakett, <a href="#Page_124">124.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Namskeket Creek, <a href="#Page_263">263.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Nantasket, <a href="#Page_236">236,</a> <a href="#Page_289">289.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Narragansetts. See <i>Indians</i>.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Nash, Mr., <a href="#Page_61">61,</a> <a href="#Page_62">62.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Natawanute, <a href="#Page_373">373.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Naumkeag (Salem), <a href="#Page_235">235,</a> <a href="#Page_316">316.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Naunton, Sir Robert, <a href="#Page_38">38.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Nauset (Eastham), <a href="#Page_116">116,</a> <a href="#Page_123">123,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_444">444.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Nequamkeck, falls of, <a href="#Page_376">376.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Newbald, Fria, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        New-comin, John, killed by Billington, <a href="#Page_330">330.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        New England, <a href="#Page_109">109,</a> <a href="#Page_115">115.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Grant from council of, <a href="#Page_167">167,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_169">169,</a> <a href="#Page_178">178,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_245">245.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Confederation of plantations of, <a href="#Page_496">496.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Newfoundland, <a href="#Page_115">115.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        New Haven, <a href="#Page_458">458,</a> <a href="#Page_500">500</a>-502,
+        <a href="#Page_509">509,</a> <a href="#Page_521">521.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Newtown, <a href="#Page_399">399,</a> <a href="#Page_407">407.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Norton, Captain, <a href="#Page_386">386.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Norton, Rev. John, <a href="#Page_408">408.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Norway, <a href="#Page_19">19.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Nottinghamshire, <a href="#Page_13">13.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Novatians, <a href="#Page_9">9.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Nowell, Increase, <a href="#Page_399">399.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Nyanticks. See <i>Indians</i>.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Old-comers, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Oldham, John, <a href="#Page_206">206,</a> <a href="#Page_208">208.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Resists Captain Standish, <a href="#Page_209">209.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Cited before the court, <a href="#Page_210">210.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Named, <a href="#Page_216">216,</a> <a href="#Page_218">218,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_219">219.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Comes again, <a href="#Page_229">229.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Sent away, <a href="#Page_230">230.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Confesses, <a href="#Page_231">231.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Killed, <a href="#Page_232">232.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_237">237,</a> <a href="#Page_417">417,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_418">418.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Oporto, <a href="#Page_327">327,</a> <a href="#Page_343">343.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Orania (Orange) fort, <a href="#Page_282">282.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Ossamequine, <a href="#Page_522">522.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Ouse River, <a href="#Page_441">441.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Paddy, Wm., <a href="#Page_456">456.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pampiamett, <a href="#Page_513">513.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Paragon, ship, sent out by John Peirce, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>-168.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Partridge, Ralph, discusses baptism with Chauncey, <a href="#Page_457">457.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letter from, <a href="#Page_466">466.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Passaconaway, <a href="#Page_522">522.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Passengers in the Mayflower, <a href="#Page_531">531 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Patrick, Captain, <a href="#Page_328">328.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Patucket River, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Patuxet (Plymouth), <a href="#Page_116">116.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Peach, Arthur, executed for murder, <a href="#Page_432">432.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Peirce, Wm., master of Paragon, <a href="#Page_169">169.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Master of the Anne, <a href="#Page_171">171,</a> <a href="#Page_186">186,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_202">202,</a> <a href="#Page_207">207,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_216">216.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Comes from England, <a href="#Page_230">230,</a> <a href="#Page_232">232,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_234">234,</a> <a href="#Page_308">308,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_319">319,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_361">361,</a> <a href="#Page_363">363.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter from Virginia, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>-367, <a
+            href="#Page_412">412,</a> <a href="#Page_414">414.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Carries Indians to West Indies, <a href="#Page_429">429.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pelham, Herbert, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pemaquid, <a href="#Page_401">401.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pemberton, John, <a href="#Page_208">208.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pennington, Wm., <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Penobscot, <a href="#Page_116">116,</a> <a href="#Page_309">309,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_326">326,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_349">349,</a> <a href="#Page_350">350,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_382">382,</a> <a href="#Page_395">395,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_400">400.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pequots. See <i>Indians</i>.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Perkins, Mr., <a href="#Page_9">9.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Perrin, Wm., <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pessecuss, an Indian, <a href="#Page_520">520,</a> <a href="#Page_524">524,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Peters, Hugh, <a href="#Page_479">479 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pickering, Edward, <a href="#Page_58">58,</a> <a href="#Page_60">60,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_138">138,</a> <a href="#Page_140">140,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_143">143.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letter to Bradford and Brewster, <a href="#Page_144">144,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_145">145.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pierce, John, <a href="#Page_76">76,</a> <a href="#Page_143">143.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Likes not Weston's company, <a href="#Page_148">148.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Sends the Paragon, <a href="#Page_166">166 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Charter taken in name of, <a href="#Page_167">167.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pilgrims resolve to go to the low countries, <a href="#Page_14">14.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Fate of families left behind, <a href="#Page_20">20.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Remove to Leyden, <a href="#Page_23">23.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Obtain patent from Virginia company, <a href="#Page_50">50,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_51">51.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Agreement with Weston and merchant adventurers, <a href="#Page_56">56,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_70">70.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Their vessels, <a href="#Page_71">71,</a> <a href="#Page_72">72.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Choose governor and assistants, <a href="#Page_83">83.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Sail, <a href="#Page_83">83.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Put back, <a href="#Page_83">83.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Dismiss the Speedwell, <a href="#Page_84">84.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            List of the, in the Mayflower, <a href="#Page_531">531 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Descry Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_93">93.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Give thanks, <a href="#Page_94">94.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            First see Indians, <a href="#Page_98">98.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Find kettle and Indian corn, <a href="#Page_99">99.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            First encounter with Indians, <a href="#Page_102">102.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Lay out house lots, <a href="#Page_107">107.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Their compact, <a href="#Page_109">109.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Choose John Carver governor, <a href="#Page_109">109.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Visited by Samoset, 113;
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                by Squanto and Massasoit, <a href="#Page_114">114.</a>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Treaty with Massasoit, <a href="#Page_114">114.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Harvest, <a href="#Page_127">127,</a> <a href="#Page_152">152.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Their meeting house, <a href="#Page_152">152.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pinchon, <a href="#Page_399">399,</a> <a href="#Page_404">404.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Piscataqua River, <a href="#Page_160">160,</a> <a href="#Page_251">251,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_267">267,</a> <a href="#Page_377">377,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_383">383.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Plague in London, <a href="#Page_246">246,</a> <a href="#Page_357">357.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Plantations, commission for regulating, <a href="#Page_249">249,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_540">540.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pliny, <a href="#Page_201">201.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Plymouth, Eng., Pilgrims put into, <a href="#Page_84">84,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_244">244.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_553" id="Page_553">[553]</a></span>
+        Plymouth, N. E., <a href="#Page_1">1,</a> <a href="#Page_90">90,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_116">116,</a> <a href="#Page_117">117,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_127">127,</a> <a href="#Page_160">160,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_251">251,</a> <a href="#Page_314">314,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_332">332,</a> <a href="#Page_349">349,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_363">363,</a> <a href="#Page_380">380.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Bounds between, and Massachusetts, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pocock, John, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Point Care, <a href="#Page_94">94.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Point Peril, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pokanokets, <a href="#Page_116">116.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Poliander, John, <a href="#Page_28">28.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Portsmouth, <a href="#Page_169">169,</a> <a href="#Page_244">244,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_246">246.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pory, John, secretary, <a href="#Page_153">153.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Powows, <a href="#Page_118">118.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Poynton, Daniel, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Preist, Digerie, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Prince, Thos., chosen governor, <a href="#Page_375">375,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_432">432.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_380">380,</a> <a href="#Page_381">381,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_452">452,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Prices of live stock, <a href="#Page_436">436.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Providence, <a href="#Page_515">515.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Prower, Salamon, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Punham, <a href="#Page_522">522.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Pummunish, <a href="#Page_513">513,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Puritans, name, <a href="#Page_8">8.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Quarles, Wm., <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Rasdell, Mr., at Mt. Wollaston, <a href="#Page_284">284.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Rasieres, Isaac de, <a href="#Page_269">269.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Reply to his letter, <a href="#Page_270">270,</a> <a href="#Page_281">281.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Rayner, John, Rev., <a href="#Page_419">419,</a> <a href="#Page_457">457.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letter from, <a href="#Page_464">464.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Rehoboth, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Revell, John, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Reynolds, <a href="#Page_67">67.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Captain of the Speedwell, <a href="#Page_83">83.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Puts back twice, <a href="#Page_83">83,</a> <a href="#Page_84">84.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Referred to, <a href="#Page_147">147,</a> <a href="#Page_208">208.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Rigdale, Alice, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Rigdale, John, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Riggs, Sergeant, <a href="#Page_328">328.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Robinson, John, Rev., <a href="#Page_14">14.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Goes to Holland, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>-24, <a href="#Page_27">27.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Disputes with Arminius, <a href="#Page_28">28.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Correspondence with Sir Edwin Sandys, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>-43;
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                with Sir John Worstenholm, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>-46, <a
+                href="#Page_48">48,</a> <a href="#Page_54">54.</a>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letters to John Carver, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>-61, <a
+            href="#Page_77">77,</a> <a href="#Page_78">78;</a>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                to Pilgrims, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>-82, <a href="#Page_88">88,</a>
+                <a href="#Page_130">130,</a> <a href="#Page_153">153.</a>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter to Governor Bradford, <a href="#Page_197">197;</a>
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                to Wm. Brewster, <a href="#Page_198">198,</a> <a href="#Page_216">216,</a>
+                <a href="#Page_238">238.</a>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Dead, <a href="#Page_247">247 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Rogers, Mr., at Plymouth, <a href="#Page_292">292.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Rogers, Joseph, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Rogers, Thomas, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Rome, <a href="#Page_25">25,</a> <a href="#Page_66">66.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Rookes, Newman, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Sagadahoc, wreck at, <a href="#Page_251">251.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Salem, <a href="#Page_235">235,</a> <a href="#Page_295">295,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_316">316,</a> <a href="#Page_317">317,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_330">330,</a> <a href="#Page_370">370,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_383">383.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Salt-making, <a href="#Page_191">191,</a> <a href="#Page_192">192,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_203">203.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Saly (Saller), <a href="#Page_245">245.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Samoset visits Plymouth, <a href="#Page_113">113.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Samson, Henry, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sanders, John, chief of Weston's men, <a href="#Page_155">155.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sandwich, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sandys, Sir Edwin, letter from, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>-43, <a
+        href="#Page_46">46.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Governor of Virginia company, <a href="#Page_47">47.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sassacus, sachem, <a href="#Page_427">427.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Killed, <a href="#Page_430">430.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Satucket, <a href="#Page_116">116.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Say, Lord, <a href="#Page_378">378,</a> <a href="#Page_384">384.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Scituate, <a href="#Page_440">440</a>-444, <a href="#Page_458">458.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Scotland, <a href="#Page_448">448.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Scott, false, <a href="#Page_351">351.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Scurvy, Pilgrims suffer from, <a href="#Page_110">110.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Seekonk, <a href="#Page_434">434,</a> <a href="#Page_444">444,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_518">518.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Seneca, <a href="#Page_94">94,</a> <a href="#Page_200">200.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sharpe, Samuel, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sheriver, Mr., <a href="#Page_50">50.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sherley, James, letters to Pilgrims, <a href="#Page_189">189 <i>et seq.</i></a>,
+        <a href="#Page_193">193,</a> <a href="#Page_300">300,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_302">302,</a> <a href="#Page_304">304,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_321">321,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letters to Governor Bradford, <a href="#Page_275">275 <i>et seq.</i></a>,
+            <a href="#Page_295">295.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letters from, <a href="#Page_335">335 <i>et seq.</i></a>, <a
+            href="#Page_346">346,</a> <a href="#Page_359">359,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_367">367 <i>et seq.</i></a>, <a href="#Page_381">381,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_394">394,</a> <a href="#Page_410">410,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_412">412,</a> <a href="#Page_450">450.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Settlement with, <a href="#Page_452">452.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letters to Atwood, 478;
+            <ul>
+              <li>
+                to partners, <a href="#Page_478">478,</a> <a href="#Page_485">485.</a>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            His release, <a href="#Page_480">480.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_249">249,</a> <a href="#Page_255">255,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_256">256,</a> <a href="#Page_278">278,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_279">279,</a> <a href="#Page_293">293,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_304">304,</a> <a href="#Page_306">306,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_307">307,</a> <a href="#Page_309">309,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_313">313,</a> <a href="#Page_318">318,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_340">340,</a> <a href="#Page_342">342,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_344">344,</a> <a href="#Page_347">347</a>-350, <a
+            href="#Page_357">357,</a> <a href="#Page_360">360,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_363">363,</a> <a href="#Page_375">375,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_414">414,</a> <a href="#Page_415">415,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_431">431,</a> <a href="#Page_435">435,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_439">439,</a> <a href="#Page_446">446.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Shoanan, sachem, <a href="#Page_522">522.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sibsie, Mr., <a href="#Page_220">220.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Skelton, Samuel, <a href="#Page_317">317.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Small-pox among Indians on the Connecticut, <a href="#Page_388">388.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Smith, Francis, <a href="#Page_514">514.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Smith, John, <a href="#Page_23">23,</a> <a href="#Page_94">94.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            His map, <a href="#Page_441">441.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Smith, John, Rev., <a href="#Page_14">14,</a> <a href="#Page_23">23.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Smith, Ralph, Rev., <a href="#Page_314">314.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Resigns his ministry, <a href="#Page_418">418.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Smith, Sir Thomas, <a href="#Page_47">47.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sodomy, <a href="#Page_459">459 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sokanoke, <a href="#Page_522">522.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Southampton, <a href="#Page_67">67.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Arrive at, <a href="#Page_71">71.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_73">73,</a> <a href="#Page_87">87,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_88">88,</a> <a href="#Page_533">533.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Souther, Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_456">456.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Southworth, Edward, letter from Robt. Cushman, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>-90.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sowams, <a href="#Page_115">115.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sowansett River, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_554" id="Page_554">[554]</a></span>Sowle,
+        George, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Spain, <a href="#Page_115">115,</a> <a href="#Page_358">358.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sparrow, ship, <a href="#Page_145">145.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Speedwell, ship, <a href="#Page_71">71,</a> <a href="#Page_72">72,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_84">84.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Squanto, history of, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>-117.
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Teaches corn planting, <a href="#Page_120">120.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            With embassy to Massasoit, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_124">124,</a> <a href="#Page_125">125,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_130">130,</a> <a href="#Page_135">135,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_148">148.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Seeks his own ends, <a href="#Page_136">136,</a> <a href="#Page_137">137.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Dies, <a href="#Page_155">155.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Stamford, <a href="#Page_509">509.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Standish, Myles, leads a party up Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_98">98.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Labors for sick, <a href="#Page_111">111.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Goes with party about Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_155">155.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Rescues some of Weston's people, <a href="#Page_159">159.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Lyford's opinion of, <a href="#Page_217">217.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Sent to England, <a href="#Page_245">245.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Comes home, <a href="#Page_247">247,</a> <a href="#Page_252">252,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_272">272,</a> <a href="#Page_278">278.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Arrests Morton, <a href="#Page_291">291,</a> <a href="#Page_379">379</a>-381.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Goes to the Penobscot, <a href="#Page_397">397.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_446">446,</a> <a href="#Page_452">452,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_458">458,</a> <a href="#Page_518">518,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Standish, Rose, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Stanton, Thomas, interpreter, <a href="#Page_428">428.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Staresmore, Sabin (S. B.), <a href="#Page_46">46.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letter to Carver, <a href="#Page_50">50,</a> <a href="#Page_51">51.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Stinnings, Richard, executed for murder, <a href="#Page_432">432.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Stone, Captain, influences governor of Dutch plantation, <a
+        href="#Page_385">385.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Killed, <a href="#Page_386">386.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_416">416,</a> <a href="#Page_418">418.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Story, Elias, <a href="#Page_531">531.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Stoughton, Israel, commissioner, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Stoughton, Mr., <a href="#Page_429">429.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Straton, <a href="#Page_339">339.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Sturgs, Thomas, <a href="#Page_481">481.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Taborites, <a href="#Page_25">25.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Talbut, ship, <a href="#Page_296">296.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Tarantines, <a href="#Page_125">125.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Tassaquanawite, <a href="#Page_523">523.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Taunton, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Thanksgiving, first, <a href="#Page_126">126.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Thomas, Wm., <a href="#Page_456">456.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Thompson, David, at the mouth of the Piscataqua, <a href="#Page_185">185,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_251">251,</a> <a href="#Page_252">252.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Thompson, Edward, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Thorned, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Thornhill, Matthew, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Tilden, Joseph, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Tillie, Ann, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Tillie, Edward, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Tillie, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Tillie, John, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Tinker, Thomas, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Tirrey, Arthur, <a href="#Page_481">481.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Trask, Captain, <a href="#Page_328">328.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Trent, River, <a href="#Page_441">441.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Trevore, Wm., <a href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a href="#Page_533">533.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Trumball, Wm., <a href="#Page_357">357.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Tucker's Terror, <a href="#Page_94">94.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Turkeys, wild, <a href="#Page_126">126.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Turner, John, <a href="#Page_66">66,</a> <a href="#Page_67">67,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Uncas, Monhigg chief, <a href="#Page_430">430,</a> <a href="#Page_505">505,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_510">510 <i>et seq.</i></a>, <a href="#Page_514">514,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_521">521,</a> <a href="#Page_523">523.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Uncaway, <a href="#Page_509">509.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Union of the New England colonies, <a href="#Page_496">496.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Vane, Sir Harry, <a href="#Page_419">419,</a> <a href="#Page_430">430.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Vines, Richard, <a href="#Page_338">338.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Virginia, <a href="#Page_36">36,</a> <a href="#Page_37">37,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_41">41,</a> <a href="#Page_49">49,</a> <a href="#Page_55">55,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_67">67,</a> <a href="#Page_86">86,</a> <a href="#Page_109">109,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_117">117,</a> <a href="#Page_127">127,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_138">138,</a> <a href="#Page_149">149,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_150">150,</a> <a href="#Page_152">152,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_153">153,</a> <a href="#Page_170">170,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_181">181.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Ship bound for, <a href="#Page_261">261,</a> <a href="#Page_265">265,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_266">266.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_364">364,</a> <a href="#Page_385">385,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_414">414.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Virginia company, <a href="#Page_38">38,</a> <a href="#Page_39">39,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_46">46,</a> <a href="#Page_47">47,</a> <a href="#Page_54">54,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_109">109.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Virginia court and council, <a href="#Page_46">46.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Walloons, <a href="#Page_27">27.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Wampum, value of, <a href="#Page_282">282.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Ward, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Warren, Richard, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Warwick, Earl of, <a href="#Page_300">300,</a> <a href="#Page_526">526.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Water, first drink of, in New England, <a href="#Page_99">99.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Waughwamino, <a href="#Page_524">524.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Weequashcooke, <a href="#Page_523">523.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Weesagascussett, <a href="#Page_289">289.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Weetowish, <a href="#Page_513">513,</a> <a href="#Page_518">518,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Weld, Thomas, <a href="#Page_479">479 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        West, Francis, admiral for New England, <a href="#Page_169">169,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_178">178.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Weston, Andrew, <a href="#Page_144">144.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Weston, Thos., <a href="#Page_52">52,</a> <a href="#Page_54">54</a>-56,
+        <a href="#Page_59">59,</a> <a href="#Page_60">60,</a> <a href="#Page_62">62,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_63">63,</a> <a href="#Page_67">67,</a> <a href="#Page_69">69,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_74">74,</a> <a href="#Page_88">88.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Writes Governor Carver, <a href="#Page_128">128,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_129">129.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Sends fishing vessel, <a href="#Page_137">137.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letters to Mr. Carver, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>-140.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Letter to Governor Bradford, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>-144.
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Remarks in letter of Pickering and Greene, <a href="#Page_145">145.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_141">141,</a> <a href="#Page_146">146,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_149">149,</a> <a href="#Page_150">150,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_166">166,</a> <a href="#Page_178">178,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_186">186,</a> <a href="#Page_189">189.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            His people in trouble, <a href="#Page_154">154 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Comes in disguise, <a href="#Page_160">160.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            His ingratitude, <a href="#Page_161">161.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Arrives with small ship, <a href="#Page_179">179.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Cited before Robert Gorges, <a href="#Page_179">179 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Arrested, <a href="#Page_183">183.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Dies, <a href="#Page_184">184.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Westminster, <a href="#Page_411">411.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Weymouth, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        White, Mr., counsellor, <a href="#Page_234">234.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        White, John, Rev., <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        White, Peregrine, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        White, Resolved, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_539">539.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_555" id="Page_555">[555]</a></span>White,
+        Roger, letter from, <a href="#Page_248">248.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        White, Susannah, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        White, Wm., <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_536">536.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        White Angel, ship, <a href="#Page_320">320,</a> <a href="#Page_321">321,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_326">326,</a> <a href="#Page_328">328,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_329">329,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333</a>-335, <a
+        href="#Page_337">337,</a> <a href="#Page_338">338,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_343">343,</a> <a href="#Page_344">344,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_346">346,</a> <a href="#Page_350">350,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_361">361,</a> <a href="#Page_364">364,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_390">390,</a> <a href="#Page_394">394,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_395">395,</a> <a href="#Page_413">413,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_455">455.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Wilder, Roger, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Wilkinson, Ed., master of the Falcon, <a href="#Page_410">410,</a> <a
+        href="#Page_412">412.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Willett, Thomas, agent at Penobscot, <a href="#Page_395">395.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Williams, Roger, <a href="#Page_369">369 <i>et seq.</i></a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Pacifies Indians, <a href="#Page_434">434,</a> <a href="#Page_515">515.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Williams, Thomas, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Willson, Mr., surgeon, <a href="#Page_430">430.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Wilson, John, <a href="#Page_332">332.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Wincot, Jacob, <a href="#Page_51">51.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Winnisimmet, <a href="#Page_289">289.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Winslow, Edward, <a href="#Page_62">62.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Visits Massasoit, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Visits Captain Huddleston, <a href="#Page_151">151.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Brings cattle, <a href="#Page_189">189.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Comes from England, <a href="#Page_230">230.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Calls Lyford a knave, <a href="#Page_236">236.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Goes up the Kennebec, <a href="#Page_247">247.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_134">134,</a> <a href="#Page_177">177,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_191">191,</a> <a href="#Page_208">208,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_216">216,</a> <a href="#Page_234">234,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_242">242,</a> <a href="#Page_244">244,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_251">251,</a> <a href="#Page_278">278,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_300">300,</a> <a href="#Page_312">312,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_319">319,</a> <a href="#Page_329">329,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a href="#Page_336">336,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_337">337,</a> <a href="#Page_344">344,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_346">346,</a> <a href="#Page_350">350,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_357">357,</a> <a href="#Page_380">380,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_384">384,</a> <a href="#Page_392">392</a>-394, <a
+            href="#Page_408">408,</a> <a href="#Page_442">442,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_446">446,</a> <a href="#Page_452">452,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_513">513,</a> <a href="#Page_527">527.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Chosen governor, <a href="#Page_366">366,</a> <a href="#Page_409">409,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_507">507.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            In England, <a href="#Page_389">389.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Petition of, <a href="#Page_390">390.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Family, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Winslow, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_531">531.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Winslow, Gilbert, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Winslow, Josias, <a href="#Page_452">452.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Winthrop, John, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>-332, <a href="#Page_342">342.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            Letters from, <a href="#Page_354">354,</a> <a href="#Page_417">417,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_420">420,</a> <a href="#Page_427">427.</a>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+            Mentioned, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>-384, <a href="#Page_399">399,</a>
+            <a href="#Page_446">446,</a> <a href="#Page_504">504,</a> <a
+            href="#Page_525">525.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Wollaston, Captain, <a href="#Page_283">283.</a>
+        <ul>
+          <li>
+            His ventures, <a href="#Page_284">284.</a>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Worstenholme, Sir John, <a href="#Page_43">43,</a> <a href="#Page_45">45,</a>
+        <a href="#Page_47">47.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Wraight, Henry, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Yarmouth, <a href="#Page_444">444,</a> <a href="#Page_445">445.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Yeardley, Sir Geo., <a href="#Page_47">47.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Yonge, Joseph, <a href="#Page_435">435.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Yorkshire, <a href="#Page_13">13.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Zealand, <a href="#Page_17">17.</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Ziska, <a href="#Page_25">25.</a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <div class="footnotes">
+      <h3>
+        FOOTNOTES:
+      </h3>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span
+          class="label">[A]</span></a> The Hon. Charles Francis Adams.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span
+          class="label">[B]</span></a> Lib. 2 Chap. 22.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span
+          class="label">[C]</span></a> In the text, parentheses are used
+          frequently, apparently in place of commas. For this reason, many are
+          omitted in the reprint.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span
+          class="label">[D]</span></a> Acts &amp; Mon: pag. 1587. editi: 2.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_5"><span
+          class="label">[E]</span></a> Ens: lib: 6. Chap. 42.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_F_6" id="Footnote_F_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_6"><span
+          class="label">[F]</span></a> Pag. 421.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_G_7" id="Footnote_G_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_7"><span
+          class="label">[G]</span></a> A note of the author at this place,
+          written subsequent to this portion of the narrative, on the reverse
+          pages of his History.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_H_8" id="Footnote_H_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_H_8"><span
+          class="label">[H]</span></a> All these and subsequent passages are
+          quoted from the Geneva version of the Bible.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_I_9" id="Footnote_I_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_I_9"><span
+          class="label">[I]</span></a> Em: meter: lib: 25. col. 119.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_J_10" id="Footnote_J_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_J_10"><span
+          class="label">[J]</span></a> The reformed churches shapen much neerer
+          y<sup>e</sup> primitive patterne <i>then England</i>, for they
+          cashered y<sup>e</sup> Bishops w<sup>ith</sup> al their courts,
+          cannons, and ceremoneis, at the first; and left them amongst y<sup>e</sup>
+          popish tr.... to c&#773;h w<sup>ch</sup> they pertained. (The last
+          word in the note is uncertain in the MS.)
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_K_11" id="Footnote_K_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_K_11"><span
+          class="label">[K]</span></a> Goulden booke, &amp;c.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_L_12" id="Footnote_L_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_L_12"><span
+          class="label">[L]</span></a> S<sup>r</sup> Robert Nanton.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_M_13" id="Footnote_M_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_M_13"><span
+          class="label">[M]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Note</span>.&mdash;O
+          sacred bond, whilst inviollably preserved! how sweete and precious
+          were the fruits that flowed from y<sup>e</sup> same, but when this
+          fidelity decayed, then their ruine approached. O that these anciente
+          members had not dyed, or been dissipated, (if it had been the will of
+          God) or els that this holy care and constante faithfullnes had still
+          lived, and remained with those that survived, and were in times
+          afterwards added unto them. But (alass) that subtill serpente hath
+          slylie wound in himselfe under faire pretences of necessitie and y<sup>e</sup>
+          like, to untwiste these sacred bonds and tyes, and as it were
+          insensibly by degrees to dissolve, or in a great measure to weaken, y<sup>e</sup>
+          same. I have been happy, in my first times, to see, and with much
+          comforte to injoye, the blessed fruits of this sweete communion, but
+          it is now a parte of my miserie in old age, to find and feele y<sup>e</sup>
+          decay and wante therof (in a great measure), and with greefe and
+          sorrow of hart to lamente &amp; bewaile y<sup>e</sup> same. And for
+          others warning and admonnition, and my owne humiliation, doe I hear
+          note y<sup>e</sup> same.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          [The above reflections of the author were penned at a later period, on
+          the reverse pages of his History, at this place.]
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_N_14" id="Footnote_N_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_N_14"><span
+          class="label">[N]</span></a> Bishops.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_O_15" id="Footnote_O_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_O_15"><span
+          class="label">[O]</span></a> M<sup>r</sup>. Tho: Weston, &amp;c.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_P_16" id="Footnote_P_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_P_16"><span
+          class="label">[P]</span></a> <i>Yowthers</i> in the manuscript, an
+          illegibly written word, doubtless intended for "y<sup>e</sup> others."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_Q_17" id="Footnote_Q_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Q_17"><span
+          class="label">[Q]</span></a> This word is enclosed in brackets in the
+          manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_R_18" id="Footnote_R_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_R_18"><span
+          class="label">[R]</span></a> In Governor Bradford's Collection of
+          Letters, these subscribers are thus wrote out at length: <span
+          class="smcap">Samuel Fuller, William Bradford, Isaac Allerton, Ed.
+          Winslow</span>.&mdash;<i>Prince.</i>
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_S_19" id="Footnote_S_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_S_19"><span
+          class="label">[S]</span></a> June 11. O. S. is Lord's day, and
+          therefore 't is likely the date of this letter should be June 10, the
+          same with the date of the letter following.&mdash;<i>Prince.</i>
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_T_20" id="Footnote_T_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_T_20"><span
+          class="label">[T]</span></a> He was a minister.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_U_21" id="Footnote_U_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_U_21"><span
+          class="label">[U]</span></a> Of some 60 tune.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_V_22" id="Footnote_V_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_V_22"><span
+          class="label">[V]</span></a> Heb. 11.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_W_23" id="Footnote_W_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_W_23"><span
+          class="label">[W]</span></a> This was about 22. of July.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_X_24" id="Footnote_X_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_X_24"><span
+          class="label">[X]</span></a> It was well for them y<sup>t</sup> this
+          was not accepted.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_Y_25" id="Footnote_Y_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Y_25"><span
+          class="label">[Y]</span></a> This letter is omitted in Governor
+          Bradford's <i>Collection of Letters.</i>&mdash;<i>Prince.</i>
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_Z_26" id="Footnote_Z_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Z_26"><span
+          class="label">[Z]</span></a> In Governor Bradford's <i>Collection of
+          Letters</i>, this is Edward Southworth.&mdash;<i>Prince.</i>
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AA_27" id="Footnote_AA_27"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AA_27"><span class="label">[AA]</span></a> He was
+          governour in y<sup>e</sup> biger ship, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman
+          assistante.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AB_28" id="Footnote_AB_28"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AB_28"><span class="label">[AB]</span></a> I thinke he
+          was deceived in these things.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AC_29" id="Footnote_AC_29"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AC_29"><span class="label">[AC]</span></a> This was
+          found true afterward.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AD_30" id="Footnote_AD_30"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AD_30"><span class="label">[AD]</span></a> In the
+          manuscript it is "strive dayly," but a pen has been drawn through the
+          latter word.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AE_31" id="Footnote_AE_31"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AE_31"><span class="label">[AE]</span></a> For
+          Governor Bradford's list of passengers in the Mayflower, see Appendix,
+          No. I.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AF_32" id="Footnote_AF_32"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AF_32"><span class="label">[AF]</span></a> Because y<sup>ey</sup>
+          tooke much of y<sup>t</sup> fishe ther.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AG_33" id="Footnote_AG_33"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AG_33"><span class="label">[AG]</span></a> Epist: 53.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AH_34" id="Footnote_AH_34"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AH_34"><span class="label">[AH]</span></a> Act. 28.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AI_35" id="Footnote_AI_35"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AI_35"><span class="label">[AI]</span></a> Deu: 26. 5,
+          7.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AJ_36" id="Footnote_AJ_36"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AJ_36"><span class="label">[AJ]</span></a> 107 Psa: v.
+          1, 2, 4, 5, 8.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AK_37" id="Footnote_AK_37"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AK_37"><span class="label">[AK]</span></a> Which was
+          this author him selfe.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AL_38" id="Footnote_AL_38"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AL_38"><span class="label">[AL]</span></a> Page 17.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AM_39" id="Footnote_AM_39"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AM_39"><span class="label">[AM]</span></a> <i>Thing</i>
+          in the manuscript
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AN_40" id="Footnote_AN_40"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AN_40"><span class="label">[AN]</span></a> She came y<sup>e</sup>
+          9. to y<sup>e</sup> Cap.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AO_41" id="Footnote_AO_41"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AO_41"><span class="label">[AO]</span></a> Nay, they
+          were faine to spare y<sup>e</sup> shipe some to carry her home.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AP_42" id="Footnote_AP_42"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AP_42"><span class="label">[AP]</span></a> <i>Yeeled</i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AQ_43" id="Footnote_AQ_43"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AQ_43"><span class="label">[AQ]</span></a> <i>Adventures</i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AR_44" id="Footnote_AR_44"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AR_44"><span class="label">[AR]</span></a> I know not
+          w<sup>ch</sup> way.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AS_45" id="Footnote_AS_45"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AS_45"><span class="label">[AS]</span></a> <i>Adventures</i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AT_46" id="Footnote_AT_46"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AT_46"><span class="label">[AT]</span></a> See how his
+          promisss is fulfild.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AU_47" id="Footnote_AU_47"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AU_47"><span class="label">[AU]</span></a> <i>But y<sup>e</sup></i>
+          [he] <i>left not his own men a bite of bread.</i>
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AV_48" id="Footnote_AV_48"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AV_48"><span class="label">[AV]</span></a> The number
+          is repeated in the Ms.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AW_49" id="Footnote_AW_49"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AW_49"><span class="label">[AW]</span></a> Mr. Hunter
+          writes, "Here is an error in Bradford's pagination. He passes from 79
+          to 90. No part of the manuscript is here lost." 79 is repeated in the
+          paging.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AX_50" id="Footnote_AX_50"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AX_50"><span class="label">[AX]</span></a> <i>W<sup>th</sup></i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AY_51" id="Footnote_AY_51"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AY_51"><span class="label">[AY]</span></a> <i>They</i>
+          in the MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_AZ_52" id="Footnote_AZ_52"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_AZ_52"><span class="label">[AZ]</span></a> I may not
+          here omite how, notwithstand all their great paines &amp; industrie,
+          and y<sup>e</sup> great hops of a large cropp, the Lord seemed to
+          blast, &amp; take away the same, and to threaten further &amp; more
+          sore famine unto them, by a great drought which continued from y<sup>e</sup>
+          3. weeke in May, till about y<sup>e</sup> midle of July, without any
+          raine, and with great heat (for y<sup>e</sup> most parte), insomuch as
+          y<sup>e</sup> corne begane to wither away, though it was set with
+          fishe, the moysture wherof helped it much. Yet at length it begane to
+          languish sore, and some of y<sup>e</sup> drier grounds were partched
+          like withered hay, part wherof was never recovered. Upon which they
+          sett a parte a solemne day of humilliation, to seek y<sup>e</sup> Lord
+          by humble &amp; fervente prayer, in this great distrese. And he was
+          pleased to give them a gracious &amp; speedy answer, both to their
+          owne, &amp; the Indeans admiration, that lived amongest them. For all
+          y<sup>e</sup> morning, and greatest part of the day, it was clear
+          weather &amp; very hotte, and not a cloud or any signe of raine to be
+          seen, yet toward evening it begane to overcast, and shortly after to
+          raine, with shuch sweete and gentle showers, as gave them cause of
+          rejoyceing, &amp; blesing God. It came, without either wind, or
+          thunder, or any violence, and by degreese in y<sup>t</sup> abundance,
+          as that y<sup>e</sup> earth was thorowly wete and soked therwith.
+          Which did so apparently revive &amp; quicken y<sup>e</sup> decayed
+          corne &amp; other fruits, as was wonderfull to see, and made y<sup>e</sup>
+          Indeans astonished to behold; and afterwards the Lord sent them shuch
+          seasonable showers, with enterchange of faire warme weather, as,
+          through his blessing, caused a fruitfull &amp; liberall harvest, to
+          their no small comforte and rejoycing. For which mercie (in time
+          conveniente) they also sett aparte a day of thanksgiveing. This being
+          overslipt in its place, I thought meet here to inserte y<sup>e</sup>
+          same.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          [The above is written on the reverse of page 103 of the original, and
+          should properly be inserted here. This passage, "being overslipt in
+          its place," the author at first wrote it, or the most of it, under the
+          preceding year; but, discovering his error before completing it, drew
+          his pen across it, and wrote beneath, "This is to be here rased out,
+          and is to be placed on page 103, wher it is inserted."]
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BA_53" id="Footnote_BA_53"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BA_53"><span class="label">[BA]</span></a> <i>On.</i>
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BB_54" id="Footnote_BB_54"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BB_54"><span class="label">[BB]</span></a> I. R.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BC_55" id="Footnote_BC_55"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BC_55"><span class="label">[BC]</span></a> This proved
+          rather, a propheti, then advice.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BD_56" id="Footnote_BD_56"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BD_56"><span class="label">[BD]</span></a> <i>Contend</i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BE_57" id="Footnote_BE_57"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BE_57"><span class="label">[BE]</span></a> In MS. also
+          145.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BF_58" id="Footnote_BF_58"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BF_58"><span class="label">[BF]</span></a> In MS. also
+          146.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BG_59" id="Footnote_BG_59"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BG_59"><span class="label">[BG]</span></a> He dyed
+          afterwards at Bristoll, in y<sup>e</sup> time of the warrs, of y<sup>e</sup>
+          sicknes in y<sup>t</sup> place.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BH_60" id="Footnote_BH_60"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BH_60"><span class="label">[BH]</span></a> With her
+          flages, &amp; streamers, pendents, &amp; wastcloaths, &amp;c.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BI_61" id="Footnote_BI_61"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BI_61"><span class="label">[BI]</span></a> <i>And</i>
+          is repeated in the MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BJ_62" id="Footnote_BJ_62"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BJ_62"><span class="label">[BJ]</span></a> <i>Adventures</i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BK_63" id="Footnote_BK_63"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BK_63"><span class="label">[BK]</span></a> He means
+          Mr. Robinson.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BL_64" id="Footnote_BL_64"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BL_64"><span class="label">[BL]</span></a> But this
+          lasted not long, they had now provided Lyford &amp; others to send
+          over.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BM_65" id="Footnote_BM_65"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BM_65"><span class="label">[BM]</span></a> It is
+          worthy to be observed, how y<sup>e</sup> Lord doth chaing times &amp;
+          things; for what is now more plentifull then wine? and that of y<sup>e</sup>
+          best, coming from Malago, y<sup>e</sup> Cannaries, and other places,
+          sundry ships lading in a year. So as ther is now more cause to
+          complaine of y<sup>e</sup> excess and y<sup>e</sup> abuse of wine
+          (through mens corruption) even to drunkennes, then of any defecte or
+          wante of the same. Witnes this year 1646. The good Lord lay not y<sup>e</sup>
+          sins &amp; unthankfullnes of men to their charge in this perticuler.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BN_66" id="Footnote_BN_66"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BN_66"><span class="label">[BN]</span></a> This was
+          John Oldome &amp; his like.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BO_67" id="Footnote_BO_67"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BO_67"><span class="label">[BO]</span></a> M<sup>r</sup>.
+          Westons men.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BP_68" id="Footnote_BP_68"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BP_68"><span class="label">[BP]</span></a> <i>Notabe</i>
+          in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BQ_69" id="Footnote_BQ_69"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BQ_69"><span class="label">[BQ]</span></a> Plin: lib:
+          18. chap. 2.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BR_70" id="Footnote_BR_70"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BR_70"><span class="label">[BR]</span></a> Of wh<sup>ch</sup>
+          were many witneses.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BS_71" id="Footnote_BS_71"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BS_71"><span class="label">[BS]</span></a> Jer. 41. 6.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BT_72" id="Footnote_BT_72"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BT_72"><span class="label">[BT]</span></a> 121 is
+          repeated in the paging of the original.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BU_73" id="Footnote_BU_73"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BU_73"><span class="label">[BU]</span></a> <i>Inurious</i>
+          in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BV_74" id="Footnote_BV_74"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BV_74"><span class="label">[BV]</span></a> <i>Receive</i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BW_75" id="Footnote_BW_75"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BW_75"><span class="label">[BW]</span></a> This was
+          Lyford himselfe.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BX_76" id="Footnote_BX_76"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BX_76"><span class="label">[BX]</span></a> <i>Is it
+          not</i> in the MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BY_77" id="Footnote_BY_77"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BY_77"><span class="label">[BY]</span></a> <i>Bet-</i>
+          in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_BZ_78" id="Footnote_BZ_78"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_BZ_78"><span class="label">[BZ]</span></a> If I
+          mistake not, it was not much less. [30<sup>li</sup> in the
+          manuscript.]
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CA_79" id="Footnote_CA_79"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CA_79"><span class="label">[CA]</span></a> First
+          written as in the text, then altered to <i>standerss</i>.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CB_80" id="Footnote_CB_80"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CB_80"><span class="label">[CB]</span></a> Note.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CC_81" id="Footnote_CC_81"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CC_81"><span class="label">[CC]</span></a> Here occurs
+          another error in the paging of the original; 142 is omitted.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CD_82" id="Footnote_CD_82"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CD_82"><span class="label">[CD]</span></a> Below are
+          the names of the adventurers subscribed to this paper, taken from
+          Bradford's Letter-Book, 1 Mass. Hist. Coll., III. 48; being forty-two
+          in number. The names of six of these persons are found subsequently
+          among the members of the Massachusetts Company, viz. John White, John
+          Pocock, Thomas Goffe, Samuel Sharpe, John Revell, and Thomas Andrews.
+          Mr. Haven, who edited the Records of the Massachusetts Company, is of
+          opinion that the first person on the list is the celebrated clergyman
+          of Dorchester, the reputed author of the Planter's Plea. Emnu. Alltham
+          is probably the same person named in the Council Records, under date
+          January 21. 1622-3: "Emanuel Altum to command the Pinnace built for
+          Mr. Peirce's Plantation." Smith speaks of "Captaine <i>Altom</i>" as
+          commanding this vessell, but Morton says the name of the master of the
+          Little James was Mr. Bridges, who it appears was drowned at
+          Damariscove, in March, 1624. See Coll. of the Amer. Antiq. Soc., III.
+          26, 62, Preface; Felt's MS. Memoranda from the Council Records;
+          Smith's Generall Historie, p. 239; Morton's Memorial, p. 48.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          <br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">John White,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">John Pocock,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Kean,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward Bass,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">William Hobson,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">William Penington,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">William Quarles,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Daniel Poynton,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Andrews,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Newman Rookes,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Browning,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Wright,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">John Ling,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Goffe,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel Sharpe,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Holland,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">James Sherley,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Mott,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Fletcher,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Timothy Hatherly,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Brewer,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">John Thorned,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Myles Knowles,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">William Collier,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">John Revell,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter Gudburn,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Emnu. Alltham,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">John Beauchamp,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Hudson,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Andrews,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Ward,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Fria. Newbald,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Heath,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph Tilden,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">William Perrin,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliza Knight,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Coventry,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Allden,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Lawrence Anthony,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">John Knight,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Matthew Thornhill,</span><br /> <span
+          style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Millsop.</span><br />
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CE_83" id="Footnote_CE_83"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CE_83"><span class="label">[CE]</span></a> The
+          orthography of some of these words differs from the modern way of
+          spelling them; and we have no means of ascertaining the accuracy of
+          Bradford's copy from the original letter. This passage may be rendered
+          thus:&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          "Noble, worshipful, wise, and prudent Lords, the Governor and
+          Councillors residing in New Plymouth, our very dear friends:&mdash;The
+          Director and Council of New Netherland wish to your Lordships,
+          worshipful, wise, and prudent, happiness in Christ Jesus our Lord,
+          with prosperity and health, in soul and body."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CF_84" id="Footnote_CF_84"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CF_84"><span class="label">[CF]</span></a> Nov. 6.
+          1627. Page 238. [Reference is here made to the page of the original
+          manuscript.]
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CG_85" id="Footnote_CG_85"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CG_85"><span class="label">[CG]</span></a> 155 omitted
+          in original MS.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Com</span>.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CH_86" id="Footnote_CH_86"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CH_86"><span class="label">[CH]</span></a> Another
+          leter of his, that should have bene placed before:&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          We cannot but take notice how y<sup>e</sup> Lord hath been pleased to
+          crosse our proseedings, and caused many disasters to befale us therin.
+          I conceive y<sup>e</sup> only reason to be, we, or many of us, aimed
+          at other ends then Gods glorie; but now I hope y<sup>t</sup> cause is
+          taken away; the bargen being fully concluded, as farr as our powers
+          will reach, and confirmed under our hands &amp; seals, to M<sup>r</sup>.
+          Allerton &amp; y<sup>e</sup> rest of his &amp; your copartners. But
+          for my owne parte, I confess as I was loath to hinder y<sup>e</sup>
+          full confirming of it, being y<sup>e</sup> first propounder ther of at
+          our meeting; so on y<sup>e</sup> other side, I was as unwilling to set
+          my hand to y<sup>e</sup> sale, being y<sup>e</sup> receiver of most
+          part of y<sup>e</sup> adventurs, and a second causer of much of y<sup>e</sup>
+          ingagments; and one more threatened, being most envied &amp; aimed at
+          (if they could find any stepe to ground their malice on) then any
+          other whosoever. I profess I know no just cause they ever had, or
+          have, so to doe; neither shall it ever be proved y<sup>t</sup> I have
+          wronged them or any of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, wittingly or
+          willingly, one peny in y<sup>e</sup> disbursing of so many pounds in
+          those 2. years trouble. No, y<sup>e</sup> sole cause why they maligne
+          me (as I &amp; others conceived) was y<sup>t</sup> I would not side
+          with them against you, &amp; the going over of y<sup>e</sup> Leyden
+          people. But as I then card not, so now I litle fear what they can doe;
+          yet charge &amp; trouble I know they may cause me to be at. And for
+          these reasons, I would gladly have perswaded the other 4. to have
+          sealed to this bargaine, and left me out, but they would not; so
+          rather then it should faile, M<sup>r</sup>. Alerton having taken so
+          much pains, I have sealed with y<sup>e</sup> rest; with this proviso
+          &amp; promise of his, y<sup>t</sup> if any trouble arise hear, you are
+          to bear halfe y<sup>e</sup> charge. Wherfore now I doubt not but you
+          will give your generallitie good contente, and setle peace amongst
+          your selves, and peace with the natives; and then no doubt but y<sup>e</sup>
+          God of Peace will blese your going out &amp; your returning, and cause
+          all y<sup>t</sup> you sett your hands unto to prosper; the which I
+          shall ever pray y<sup>e</sup> Lord to grante if it be his blessed
+          will. Asuredly unless y<sup>e</sup> Lord be mercifull unto us &amp; y<sup>e</sup>
+          whole land in generall, our estate &amp; condition is farr worse then
+          yours. Wherfore if y<sup>e</sup> Lord should send persecution or
+          trouble hear, (which is much to be feared,) and so should put into our
+          minds to flye for refuge, I know no place safer then to come to you,
+          (for all Europ is at varience one with another, but cheefly w<sup>th</sup>
+          us,) not doubting but to find such frendly entertainmente as shall be
+          honest &amp; conscionable, notwithstanding what hath latly passed. For
+          I profess in y<sup>e</sup> word of an honest man, had it not been to
+          procure your peace &amp; quiet from some turbulent spirites hear, I
+          would not have sealed to this last deed; though you would have given
+          me all my adventure and debte ready downe. Thus desiring y<sup>e</sup>
+          Lord to blesse &amp; prosper you, I cease ever resting,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          <br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Your faithfull &amp; loving
+          friend,</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">to my power,</span><br />
+          <span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">James Sherley</span>.</span><br />
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          <br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Des: 27.</span><br />
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          [The above letter was written on the reverse of page 154 of the
+          original manuscript.]
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CI_87" id="Footnote_CI_87"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CI_87"><span class="label">[CI]</span></a> Peag.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CJ_88" id="Footnote_CJ_88"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CJ_88"><span class="label">[CJ]</span></a> 1629, May
+          25, the first letter concerning the former company of Leyden people.&mdash;<i>Prince.</i>
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CK_89" id="Footnote_CK_89"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CK_89"><span class="label">[CK]</span></a> 1629-30,
+          March 8th, the second letter concerning the latter company of Leyden
+          people.&mdash;<i>Prince.</i>
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CL_90" id="Footnote_CL_90"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CL_90"><span class="label">[CL]</span></a> This word
+          is here substituted for <i>recovering</i> in the manuscript, on the
+          authority of Bradford's Letter-Book.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CM_91" id="Footnote_CM_91"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CM_91"><span class="label">[CM]</span></a> This
+          paragraph is written on the reverse of the page immediately preceding,
+          in the original manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CN_92" id="Footnote_CN_92"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CN_92"><span class="label">[CN]</span></a> <i>Fractions</i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CO_93" id="Footnote_CO_93"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CO_93"><span class="label">[CO]</span></a> Thomas
+          Willett.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CP_94" id="Footnote_CP_94"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CP_94"><span class="label">[CP]</span></a> 177 is
+          omitted in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CQ_95" id="Footnote_CQ_95"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CQ_95"><span class="label">[CQ]</span></a> Oporto,
+          called by the Dutch <i>Port a port</i>.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CR_96" id="Footnote_CR_96"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CR_96"><span class="label">[CR]</span></a> Hubbard, on
+          page 101, notices the execution of Billington as taking place "about
+          September" of this year. "The murtherer expected that, either for want
+          of power to execute for capital offences, or for want of people to
+          increase the plantation, he should have his life spared; but justice
+          otherwise determined, and rewarded him, the first murtherer of his
+          neighbour there, with the deserved punishment of death, for a warning
+          to others." The first offence committed in the colony was by
+          Billington, in 1621, who, for contempt of the Captain's lawful
+          command, with opprobious speeches, was adjudged to have his neck and
+          heels tied together. Prince, I. 103, from Bradford's pocket-book.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CS_97" id="Footnote_CS_97"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CS_97"><span class="label">[CS]</span></a> This
+          paragraph was written on the reverse of page 180 of the original
+          manuscript, near this place.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CT_98" id="Footnote_CT_98"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CT_98"><span class="label">[CT]</span></a> W<sup>th</sup>
+          in manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CU_99" id="Footnote_CU_99"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CU_99"><span class="label">[CU]</span></a> This was
+          about y<sup>e</sup> selling y<sup>e</sup> ship in Spaine.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CV_100" id="Footnote_CV_100"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CV_100"><span class="label">[CV]</span></a> They were
+          too short in resting on M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherleys honest word, for his
+          order to discharg them from y<sup>e</sup> Friendship's accounte, when
+          he and M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton made y<sup>e</sup> bargane with them,
+          and they delivered them the rest of the goods; and therby gave them
+          oppertunitie also to receive all the fraight of boath viages, without
+          seeing an order (to have such power) under their hands in writing,
+          which they never doubted of, seeing he affirmed he had power; and they
+          both knew his honestie, and y<sup>t</sup> he was spetially imployed
+          for their agente at this time. And he was as shorte in resting on a
+          verball order from them; which was now denyed, when it came to a
+          perticuler of loss; but he still affirmed the same. But they were both
+          now taught how to deale in y<sup>e</sup> world, espetially with
+          marchants, in such cases. But in y<sup>e</sup> end this light upon
+          these here also, for M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had gott all into his
+          owne hand, and M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley was not able to pay it, except
+          they would have uterlie undon him, as y<sup>e</sup> sequell will
+          manifest.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CW_101" id="Footnote_CW_101"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CW_101"><span class="label">[CW]</span></a> This
+          comission is abused; he never had any for shuch end, as they well
+          knew, nether had they any to pay this money, nor would have paid a
+          peny, if they had not pleased for some other respecte.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CX_102" id="Footnote_CX_102"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CX_102"><span class="label">[CX]</span></a> <i>o</i>
+          in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CY_103" id="Footnote_CY_103"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CY_103"><span class="label">[CY]</span></a> The last
+          two words not found in the MS. but obviously intended.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_CZ_104" id="Footnote_CZ_104"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_CZ_104"><span class="label">[CZ]</span></a> About y<sup>e</sup>
+          Whit-Angell they all mette at a certaine taverne in London, wher they
+          had a diner prepared, and had a conference with a factore aboute
+          selling of her in Spaine, or at Port a porte, as hath been before
+          mentioned; as M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley manifested, &amp; M<sup>r</sup>.
+          Allerton could not deney.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DA_105" id="Footnote_DA_105"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DA_105"><span class="label">[DA]</span></a> Mr.
+          Winslow deposed, y<sup>e</sup> same time, before y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>
+          afore said, &amp;c. that when he came into England, and the partners
+          inquired of y<sup>e</sup> success of y<sup>e</sup> Whit Angell, which
+          should have been laden w<sup>th</sup> bass and so sent for Port. of
+          Porting-gall, and their ship &amp; goods to be sould; having informed
+          them that they were like to faile in their lading of bass, that then M<sup>r</sup>.
+          James Sherley used these termes: Feck, we must make one accounte of
+          all; and ther upon presed him, as agente for y<sup>e</sup> partners in
+          Neu-England, to accepte y<sup>e</sup> said ship Whit-Angell, and her
+          accounte, into y<sup>e</sup> joynte partner-ship; which he refused,
+          for many reasons; and after received instructions from New-Engl: to
+          refuse her if she should be offered, which instructions he shewed
+          them; and wheras he was often pressed to accept her, he ever refused
+          her, &amp;c.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DB_106" id="Footnote_DB_106"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DB_106"><span class="label">[DB]</span></a> So as a
+          while before, wheras their great care was how to pay the purchase, and
+          those other few debts which were upon them, now it was with them as it
+          was some times with Saule's father, who left careing for y<sup>e</sup>
+          Asses, and sorrowed for his sonn. 1. Sam. 10. 2. So that which before
+          they looked at as a heavie burthen, they now esteeme but a small thing
+          and a light mater, in comparison of what was now upon them. And thus y<sup>e</sup>
+          Lord oftentimes deals with his people to teach them, and humble them,
+          that he may doe them good in y<sup>e</sup> later end.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DC_107" id="Footnote_DC_107"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DC_107"><span class="label">[DC]</span></a> This word
+          is obscure in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DD_108" id="Footnote_DD_108"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DD_108"><span class="label">[DD]</span></a> The above
+          paragraph was written on the reverse of page 188 of the original
+          manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DE_109" id="Footnote_DE_109"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DE_109"><span class="label">[DE]</span></a> The
+          following account of Sir Christopher Gardiner, with the documents
+          accompanying it, extending to page 357, does not appear in the text of
+          the original manuscript,&mdash;having been perhaps inadvertently
+          omitted,&mdash;but was written on the reverse of pages 189-191.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DF_110" id="Footnote_DF_110"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DF_110"><span class="label">[DF]</span></a> That is,
+          in the original manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DG_111" id="Footnote_DG_111"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DG_111"><span class="label">[DG]</span></a> <i>Rea</i>-in
+          the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DH_112" id="Footnote_DH_112"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DH_112"><span class="label">[DH]</span></a> This
+          letter was written on the reverse of folio 192 of the original
+          manuscript, and may be properly inserted here.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DI_113" id="Footnote_DI_113"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DI_113"><span class="label">[DI]</span></a> March 22.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DJ_114" id="Footnote_DJ_114"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DJ_114"><span class="label">[DJ]</span></a> The skin
+          was sold at 14<sup>s</sup>. and 15. y<sup>e</sup> pound.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DK_115" id="Footnote_DK_115"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DK_115"><span class="label">[DK]</span></a> Ther was
+          cause enough of these feares, which arise by y<sup>e</sup>
+          underworking of some enemies to y<sup>e</sup> churches here, by which
+          this Com&#773;ission following was procured from his Ma<sup>tie</sup>.
+          (See this paper in appendix, No. 11.)
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DL_116" id="Footnote_DL_116"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DL_116"><span class="label">[DL]</span></a> And y<sup>e</sup>
+          skin at 14<sup>s</sup>.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DM_117" id="Footnote_DM_117"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DM_117"><span class="label">[DM]</span></a> That is,
+          "If you please."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DN_118" id="Footnote_DN_118"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DN_118"><span class="label">[DN]</span></a> The two
+          paragraphs above were written on the reverse of folios 202 and 203 of
+          the original manuscript, under this year.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DO_119" id="Footnote_DO_119"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DO_119"><span class="label">[DO]</span></a> Blank in
+          the original.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DP_120" id="Footnote_DP_120"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DP_120"><span class="label">[DP]</span></a> <i>They</i>
+          in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DQ_121" id="Footnote_DQ_121"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DQ_121"><span class="label">[DQ]</span></a> Before
+          this word in the margin appears a capital <i>N</i>.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DR_122" id="Footnote_DR_122"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DR_122"><span class="label">[DR]</span></a> Not
+          correctly cast; it should be 12530<sup>li</sup>.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DS_123" id="Footnote_DS_123"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DS_123"><span class="label">[DS]</span></a> 119 in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DT_124" id="Footnote_DT_124"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DT_124"><span class="label">[DT]</span></a> Ther is
+          little trust to be given to their relations in these things.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DU_125" id="Footnote_DU_125"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DU_125"><span class="label">[DU]</span></a> 120 in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DV_126" id="Footnote_DV_126"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DV_126"><span class="label">[DV]</span></a> Mr John
+          Reinor.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DW_127" id="Footnote_DW_127"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DW_127"><span class="label">[DW]</span></a> But by
+          this means they did furnish them, &amp; have still continued to doe.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DX_128" id="Footnote_DX_128"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DX_128"><span class="label">[DX]</span></a> <i>Be</i>
+          in manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DY_129" id="Footnote_DY_129"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DY_129"><span class="label">[DY]</span></a> But y<sup>ey</sup>
+          were carried to y<sup>e</sup> West-Indeas.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_DZ_130" id="Footnote_DZ_130"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_DZ_130"><span class="label">[DZ]</span></a> <i>They</i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EA_131" id="Footnote_EA_131"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EA_131"><span class="label">[EA]</span></a> But staid
+          it till y<sup>e</sup> next year.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EB_132" id="Footnote_EB_132"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EB_132"><span class="label">[EB]</span></a> And yet
+          afterwards they laid claime to those parts in the controversie about
+          Seacunk.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EC_133" id="Footnote_EC_133"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EC_133"><span class="label">[EC]</span></a> Being
+          about 40<sup>li</sup>.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_ED_134" id="Footnote_ED_134"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_ED_134"><span class="label">[ED]</span></a> And
+          devided betweene them.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EE_135" id="Footnote_EE_135"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EE_135"><span class="label">[EE]</span></a> 130 in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EF_136" id="Footnote_EF_136"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EF_136"><span class="label">[EF]</span></a> Which is
+          Charles River may still be questioned.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EG_137" id="Footnote_EG_137"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EG_137"><span class="label">[EG]</span></a> This was
+          but to pretend advantage, for it could not be done, neither did it
+          need.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EH_138" id="Footnote_EH_138"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EH_138"><span class="label">[EH]</span></a> M<sup>r</sup>.
+          Chancey came to them in y<sup>e</sup> year 1638. and staid till y<sup>e</sup>
+          later part of this year 1641.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EI_139" id="Footnote_EI_139"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EI_139"><span class="label">[EI]</span></a> A leaf is
+          here wanting in the original manuscript, it having been cut out.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EJ_140" id="Footnote_EJ_140"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EJ_140"><span class="label">[EJ]</span></a> Exod: 21.
+          22. Deu: 19. 11. Num: 35. 16. 18.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EK_141" id="Footnote_EK_141"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EK_141"><span class="label">[EK]</span></a>
+          "Confident"?
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EL_142" id="Footnote_EL_142"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EL_142"><span class="label">[EL]</span></a> <i>8</i>
+          in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EM_143" id="Footnote_EM_143"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EM_143"><span class="label">[EM]</span></a> <i>Contic&#773;</i>
+          in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EN_144" id="Footnote_EN_144"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EN_144"><span class="label">[EN]</span></a> <i>Solicitations</i>
+          in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EO_145" id="Footnote_EO_145"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EO_145"><span class="label">[EO]</span></a> This he
+          means of y<sup>e</sup> first adventures, all which were lost, as hath
+          before been shown; and what he here writs is probable at least.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EP_146" id="Footnote_EP_146"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EP_146"><span class="label">[EP]</span></a> Being the
+          conclusion, as will be seen, of page 252 of the original.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EQ_147" id="Footnote_EQ_147"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EQ_147"><span class="label">[EQ]</span></a> Perhaps <i>write</i>
+          for <i>wrote</i>.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_ER_148" id="Footnote_ER_148"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_ER_148"><span class="label">[ER]</span></a> <i>The</i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_ES_149" id="Footnote_ES_149"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_ES_149"><span class="label">[ES]</span></a> This was a
+          misterie to them, for they heard nothing hereof from any side y<sup>e</sup>
+          last year, till now y<sup>e</sup> conclution was past, and bonds
+          given.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_ET_150" id="Footnote_ET_150"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_ET_150"><span class="label">[ET]</span></a>
+          Substituted for <i>sundry</i> on the authority of the original MS.
+          Records.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EU_151" id="Footnote_EU_151"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EU_151"><span class="label">[EU]</span></a> <i>Comander</i>
+          in the MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EV_152" id="Footnote_EV_152"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EV_152"><span class="label">[EV]</span></a> Written 2
+          in MS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EW_153" id="Footnote_EW_153"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EW_153"><span class="label">[EW]</span></a> Who dyed
+          3. of Octob. 1655.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EX_154" id="Footnote_EX_154"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EX_154"><span class="label">[EX]</span></a> The
+          following memoranda are in a later hand.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EY_155" id="Footnote_EY_155"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EY_155"><span class="label">[EY]</span></a> Obviously
+          intended for Cushman.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_EZ_156" id="Footnote_EZ_156"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_EZ_156"><span class="label">[EZ]</span></a> See page
+          381. This document was written on the reverse of folio 201 et seq. of
+          the original manuscript, and for the sake of convenience is
+          transferred to this place.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_FA_157" id="Footnote_FA_157"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_FA_157"><span class="label">[FA]</span></a> A
+          superfluous <i>and</i> comes after "observed" in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="footnote">
+        <p>
+          <a name="Footnote_FB_158" id="Footnote_FB_158"></a><a
+          href="#FNanchor_FB_158"><span class="label">[FB]</span></a> <i>Edwards</i>
+          in the manuscript.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!--  end footnotes -->
+    <p>
+      &nbsp;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &nbsp;
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      Transcriber's Note:
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Spelling is inconsistent and is left unchanged from the original printing
+      of this book. The following are some common examples of questionable text.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_16">Page 16</a><br /> y<sup>e</sup> not suffered to goe,<br />
+      [they?]<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_24">Page 24</a><br /> any other riches whatsoever. And at
+      lenght they came<br /> [length?]<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_41">Page 41</a><br /> of our company to adyone him selfe; to
+      the care &amp; discretion<br /> [adyone] possibly ajoin?<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_76">Page 76</a><br /> to rejecte y<sup>e</sup> vioage. Judge
+      therfore we beseech you indiferently<br /> [voiage?]<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_84">Page 84</a><br /> to proceede on her viage. Those that
+      went bak were<br /> [voiage?]<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_98">Page 98</a><br /> who were salvages; but they fled from
+      them, &amp; ran&#772;e<br /> [savages?]<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_133">Page 113</a><br /> and anone cursing his felows, saing
+      he had done this<br /> [anone] anyone?<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_156">Page 156</a><br /> and he would have borrowed a hh of
+      corne of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans,<br /> hh is probably hogshead. Both 'h's
+      have a bar thru the ascender.<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_208">Page 208</a><br /> somwaht blanke at it, but after some
+      weeks, when<br /> [somwaht?]<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_210">Page 210</a><br /> their doings &amp; pactises hear;
+      that it was evident they<br /> [pactises?]<br /> Unchanged
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_214">Page 214</a><br /> this mischec&#772;ous [mischee&#772;ous]
+      &amp; most false slander: That because<br /> Unable to tell from the image
+      whether it is a 'c' or 'e'.<br /> Left it as a c&#772;.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_304">Page 304</a><br /> And think not with 50<sup>li</sup>.
+      pound a yeare sent you over, to<br /> Duplication of li and pound.<br />
+      Unchanged
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_351">Page 351</a><br /> maister &amp; ye rest of y<sup>e</sup>
+      company were gone from<br /> ye rather than y<sup>e</sup> here.<br />
+      Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_371">Page 371</a><br /> of y<sup>e</sup> season, and the
+      fear y<sup>e</sup> Indans were in of<br /> [Indans?]<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_381">Page 391</a><br /> and y<sup>e</sup> English Collonies,
+      to right and defend them selves<br /> [fight?]<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a href="#Page_416">Page 416</a><br /> knew to be an-English man, as also
+      those y<sup>t</sup> were<br /> Odd use of hyphen.<br /> Unchanged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &nbsp;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &nbsp;
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <p>
+      ***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRADFORD'S HISTORY OF 'PLIMOTH
+      PLANTATION'***
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      ******* This file should be named 24950-h.txt or 24950-h.zip *******
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> <a
+      href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/9/5/24950">http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/9/5/24950</a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
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+      renamed.
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+      Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one
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+<pre xml:space="preserve">
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@@ -0,0 +1,17776 @@
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Bradford's History of 'Plimoth Plantation',
+by William Bradford
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Bradford's History of 'Plimoth Plantation'
+       From the Original Manuscript. With a Report of the Proceedings Incident to the Return of the Manuscript to Massachusetts
+
+
+Author: William Bradford
+
+
+
+Release Date: March 29, 2008  [eBook #24950]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRADFORD'S HISTORY OF 'PLIMOTH
+PLANTATION'***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Leonard Johnson, and the Project
+Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 24950-h.htm or 24950-h.zip:
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/9/5/24950/24950-h/24950-h.htm)
+      or
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/9/5/24950/24950-h.zip)
+
+
+Transcribers note:
+
+      Numbers in square brackets, [29], represent original manuscript
+      pages.
+
+      Letters in Square brackets, [AB], represent a link to a footnote
+      located at the end of the book.
+
+      A caret ^ indicates that the following letter/s are
+      superscripted. The letters are enclosed in curly brackets where
+      it may not be clear about which letters are superscripted.
+
+      A square bracket, like [~m] indicates a letter with a tilde
+      above.
+
+      A square bracket, like [p=] indicates a letter with a macron
+      under the letter.
+
+      [=m] and [=n] sometimes are used to represent a double letter.
+
+      16^li. represents 16 pounds in monetary terms. The original
+      manuscript used a middle dot before and after the numbers, but
+      this publisher used only a single period/stop after the number.
+
+      The 'li' appears to mean libra and in this book the 'l' is
+      crossed with a middle bar or stroke. It was very difficult to
+      represent in a Latin-1 text, so 'li' must suffice.
+
+      Most often y, such as y^e, represents a thorn and the word is
+      'the'. Sometimes you will encounter the actual word 'the'.
+
+      This book is composed of many letters written by a number
+      of authors and each writer uses their own spellings and
+      abbreviations, which was common for the time in which they
+      were written.
+
+      Spelling is inconsistent and is left unchanged from the original
+      printing of this book.
+
+
+
+
+
+BRADFORD'S HISTORY
+"OF PLIMOTH PLANTATION."
+
+From the Original Manuscript.
+
+With a Report of the Proceedings Incident
+to the Return of the Manuscript
+to Massachusetts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Printed Under the Direction of the Secretary of the
+Commonwealth,
+by Order of the General Court.
+
+Boston:
+Wright & Potter Printing Co., State Printers,
+18 Post Office Square.
+1898.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+To many people the return of the Bradford Manuscript is a fresh
+discovery of colonial history. By very many it has been called,
+incorrectly, the log of the "Mayflower." Indeed, that is the title by
+which it is described in the decree of the Consistorial Court of London.
+The fact is, however, that Governor Bradford undertook its preparation
+long after the arrival of the Pilgrims, and it cannot be properly
+considered as in any sense a log or daily journal of the voyage of the
+"Mayflower." It is, in point of fact, a history of the Plymouth Colony,
+chiefly in the form of annals, extending from the inception of the
+colony down to the year 1647. The matter has been in print since 1856,
+put forth through the public spirit of the Massachusetts Historical
+Society, which secured a transcript of the document from London, and
+printed it in the society's proceedings of the above-named year. As thus
+presented, it had copious notes, prepared with great care by the late
+Charles Deane; but these are not given in the present volume, wherein
+only such comments as seem indispensable to a proper understanding of
+the story have been made, leaving whatever elaboration may seem
+desirable to some future private enterprise.
+
+It is a matter of regret that no picture of Governor Bradford exists.
+Only Edward Winslow of the Mayflower Company left an authenticated
+portrait of himself, and that, painted in England, is reproduced in this
+volume. In those early days Plymouth would have been a poor field for
+portrait painters. The people were struggling for their daily bread
+rather than for to-morrow's fame through the transmission of their
+features to posterity.
+
+The volume of the original manuscript, as it was presented to the
+Governor of the Commonwealth and is now deposited in the State Library,
+is a folio measuring eleven and one-half inches in length, seven and
+seven-eighths inches in width and one and one-half inches in thickness.
+It is bound in parchment, once white, but now grimy and much the worse
+for wear, being somewhat cracked and considerably scaled. Much
+scribbling, evidently by the Bradford family, is to be seen upon its
+surface, and out of the confusion may be read the name of Mercy
+Bradford, a daughter of the governor. On the inside of the front cover
+is pasted a sheet of manilla paper, on which is written the following:--
+
+
+  "_Consistory Court of the Diocese of London_
+
+  In the matter of the application of The Honorable Thomas Francis
+  Bayard, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in London of the
+  United States of America, for the delivery to him, on behalf of the
+  President and Citizens of the said States, of the original manuscript
+  book entitled and known as The Log of the Mayflower.
+
+  Produced in Court this 25th day of March, 1897, and marked with the
+  letter A.
+
+  HARRY W. LEE
+  Registrar.
+  1 Deans Court
+  Doctors Commons"
+
+Then come two manilla leaves, on both sides of which is written the
+decree of the Consistorial Court. These leaves and the manilla sheet
+pasted on the inside of the front cover were evidently inserted after
+the decree was passed.
+
+Next comes a leaf (apparently the original first leaf of the book), and
+on it are verses, signed "A. M.," on the death of Mrs. Bradford. The
+next is evidently one of the leaves of the original book. At the top of
+the page is written the following:--
+
+  This book was rit by govener William bradford and given to his son
+  mager William Bradford and by him to his son mager John Bradford. rit
+  by me Samuel bradford mach 20, 1705.
+
+At the bottom of the same page the name John Bradford appears in
+different handwriting, evidently written with the book turned wrong side
+up.
+
+The next is a leaf bearing the following, in the handwriting of Thomas
+Prince:--
+
+  TUESDAY, June 4--1728
+
+  Calling at _Major John Bradford's_ at Kingston near Plimouth, son of
+  Major Wm. Bradford formerly Dep Gov'r of Plimouth Colony, who was
+  eldest son of Wm. Bradford Esq their 2nd Gov'r, & author of this
+  History; ye sd Major John Bradford gave me _several manuscript
+  octavoes_ wh he assured me were written with his said Grandfather
+  Gov'r Bradford's own hand. He also gave me a _little Pencil Book_
+  wrote with a Blew lead Pencil by his sd Father ye Dep Gov'r. And He
+  also told me yt He had lent & only lent his sd Grandfather Gov'r
+  Bradford's History of Plimouth Colony wrote by his own Hand also, to
+  judg Sewall; and desired me to get it of Him or find it out, & take
+  out of it what I thought proper for my New-England Chronology: wh I
+  accordingly obtained, and This is ye sd History: wh I found wrote in
+  ye same Handwriting as ye Octavo manuscripts above sd.
+
+  THOMAS PRINCE.
+
+  N.B. I also mentioned to him my Desire of lodging this History in ye
+  New England Library of Prints & manuscripts, wh I had been then
+  collecting for 23 years, to wh He signified his willingness--only yt
+  He might have the Perusal of it while He lived.
+
+  T. PRINCE.
+
+Following this, on the same page, is Thomas Prince's printed book-mark,
+as follows:--
+
+  This Book belongs to
+  The New-England-Library,
+  Begun to be collected by Thomas Prince, upon
+  his entring Harvard-College, July 6
+  1703; and was given by
+
+On the lower part of a blank space which follows the word "by" is
+written:--
+
+_It now belongs to the Bishop of London's Library at Fulham._
+
+There are evidences that this leaf did not belong to the original book,
+but was inserted by Mr. Prince.
+
+At the top of the first page of the next leaf, which was evidently one
+of the original leaves of the book, is written in Samuel Bradford's
+hand, "march 20 Samuel Bradford;" and just below there appears, in
+Thomas Prince's handwriting, the following:--
+
+  But major Bradford tells me & assures me that He only lent this Book
+  of his Grandfather's to Mr. Sewall & that it being of his
+  Grandfather's own hand writing He had so high a value of it that he
+  would never Part with ye Property, but would lend it to me & desired
+  me to get it, which I did, & write down this that sd Major Bradford
+  and his Heirs may be known to be the right owners.
+
+Below this, also in Thomas Prince's handwriting, appears this line:--
+
+"Page 243 missing when ye Book came into my Hands at 1st."
+
+Just above the inscription by Prince there is a line or two of writing,
+marked over in ink so carefully as to be wholly undecipherable. On the
+reverse page of this leaf and on the first page of the next are written
+Hebrew words, with definitions. These are all in Governor Bradford's
+handwriting. On the next page appears the following:--
+
+  _Though I am  growne  aged, yet I have had a long-
+   ing desire, to see with  my own eyes, something of
+    that  most ancient language,  and  holy  tongue,
+     in which  the Law, and  oracles  of  God  were
+      write; and in which God, and angels, spake to
+       the holy patriarks, of old time; and what
+        names were  given  to things,  from the
+         creation. And though I canot attaine
+          to much herein, yet I am refreshed,
+           to have seen some glimpse  here-
+            of; (as  Moses   saw  the Land
+             of canan afarr of)  my aime
+              and desire is, to see how
+               the words, and  phrases
+                lye in the holy texte;
+                 and to dicerne some-
+                  what of the  same
+                   for   my   owne
+                      contente._
+                       -------
+                        -----
+                         ---
+                          J
+
+Then begins the history proper, the first page of which is produced in
+facsimile in this volume, slightly reduced. The ruled margins end with
+page thirteen. From that page to the end of the book the writing varies
+considerably, sometimes being quite coarse and in other places very
+fine, some pages containing nearly a thousand words each. As a rule, the
+writing is upon one side of the sheet only, but in entering notes and
+subsequent thoughts the reverse is sometimes used. The last page number
+is 270, as appears from the facsimile reproduction in this volume of
+that page. Page 270 is followed by two blank leaves; then on the second
+page of the next leaf appears the list of names of those who came over
+in the "Mayflower," covering four pages and one column on the fifth
+page. The arrangement of this matter is shown by the facsimile
+reproduction in this volume of the first page of these names. Last of
+all there is a leaf of heavy double paper, like the one in the front of
+the book containing the verses on the death of Mrs. Bradford, and on
+this last leaf is written an index to a few portions of the history.
+
+For copy, there was used the edition printed in 1856 by the
+Massachusetts Historical Society. The proof was carefully compared, word
+for word, with the photographic _facsimile_ issued in 1896 in both
+London and Boston. The value of this comparison is evident in that a
+total of sixteen lines of the original, omitted in the original first
+copy, is supplied in this edition. As the work of the Historical Society
+could not be compared, easily, with the original manuscript in London,
+these omissions, with sundry minor errors in word and numeral, are not
+unreasonable. The curious will be pleased to learn that the supplied
+lines are from the following pages of the manuscript, viz.: page 122,
+eight lines; page 129, two lines; the obverse of page 201, found on the
+last page of Appendix A, two lines; page 219, two lines; pages 239 and
+258, one line each. The pages of the manuscript are indicated in these
+printed pages by numerals in parentheses.
+
+There are several errors in the paging of the original manuscript. Pages
+105 and 106 are marked 145 and 146, and pages 219 and 220 are marked 119
+and 120, respectively. Page 243 is missing.
+
+Such as it is, the book is put forth that the public may know what
+manner of men the Pilgrims were, through what perils and vicissitudes
+they passed, and how much we of to-day owe to their devotion and
+determination.
+
+
+
+
+PROCEEDINGS
+
+OF THE
+
+LEGISLATURE.
+
+
+JOURNAL OF THE SENATE.
+
+MONDAY, MAY 24, 1897.
+
+The following message from His Excellency the Governor came up from the
+House, to wit:--
+
+  BOSTON, May 22, 1897.
+
+  _To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives._
+
+  I have the honor to call to your attention the fact that Wednesday,
+  May 26, at 11 A.M., has been fixed as the date of the formal
+  presentation to the Governor of the Commonwealth of the Bradford
+  Manuscript History, recently ordered by decree of the Consistory Court
+  of the Diocese of London to be returned to the Commonwealth of
+  Massachusetts by the hands of the Honorable Thomas F. Bayard, lately
+  Ambassador at the Court of St. James; and to suggest for the favorable
+  consideration of your honorable bodies that the exercises of
+  presentation be held in the House of Representatives on the day and
+  hour above given, in the presence of a joint convention of the two
+  bodies and of invited guests and the public.
+
+  ROGER WOLCOTT.
+
+Thereupon, on motion of Mr. Roe,--
+
+_Ordered_, That, in accordance with the suggestion of His Excellency the
+Governor, a joint convention of the two branches be held in the chamber
+of the House of Representatives, on Wednesday, May the twenty-sixth, at
+eleven o'clock A.M., for the purpose of witnessing the exercises of the
+formal presentation, to the Governor of the Commonwealth, of the
+Bradford Manuscript History, recently ordered by decree of the
+Consistory Court of the Diocese of London to be returned to the
+Commonwealth of Massachusetts by the hands of the Honorable Thomas F.
+Bayard, lately Ambassador at the Court of St. James; and further
+
+_Ordered_, That the clerks of the two branches give notice to His
+Excellency the Governor of the adoption of this order.
+
+Sent down for concurrence. (It was concurred with same date.)
+
+
+
+
+JOURNAL OF THE SENATE.
+
+WEDNESDAY, MAY 26, 1897.
+
+_Joint Convention._
+
+At eleven o'clock A.M., pursuant to assignment, the two branches met in
+
+CONVENTION
+
+in the chamber of the House of Representatives.
+
+On motion of Mr. Roe,--
+
+_Ordered_, That a committee, to consist of three members of the Senate
+and eight members of the House of Representatives, be appointed, to wait
+upon His Excellency the Governor and inform him that the two branches
+are now in convention for the purpose of witnessing the exercises of the
+formal presentation, to the Governor of the Commonwealth, of the
+Bradford Manuscript History.
+
+Messrs. Roe, Woodward and Gallivan, of the Senate, and Messrs. Pierce of
+Milton, Bailey of Plymouth, Brown of Gloucester, Fairbank of Warren,
+Bailey of Newbury, Sanderson of Lynn, Whittlesey of Pittsfield and
+Bartlett of Boston, of the House, were appointed the committee.
+
+Mr. Roe, from the committee, afterwards reported that they had attended
+to the duty assigned them, and that His Excellency the Governor had been
+pleased to say that he received the message and should be pleased to
+wait upon the Convention forthwith for the purpose named.
+
+His Excellency the Governor, accompanied by His Honor the
+Lieutenant-Governor and the Honorable Council, and by the Honorable
+Thomas F. Bayard, lately Ambassador of the United States at the Court of
+St. James's, the Honorable George F. Hoar, Senator from Massachusetts in
+the Congress of the United States, and other invited guests, entered the
+chamber.
+
+The decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London,
+authorizing the return of the manuscript and its delivery to the
+Governor, was read.
+
+The President then presented the Honorable George F. Hoar, who gave an
+account of the manuscript and of the many efforts that had been made to
+secure its return.
+
+The Honorable Thomas F. Bayard was then introduced by the President, and
+he formally presented the manuscript to His Excellency the Governor, who
+accepted it in behalf of the Commonwealth.
+
+On motion of Mr. Bradford, the following order was adopted:--
+
+_Whereas_, In the presence of the Senate and of the House of
+Representatives in joint convention assembled, and in accordance with a
+decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, the manuscript
+of Bradford's "History of the Plimouth Plantation" has this day been
+delivered to His Excellency the Governor of the Commonwealth by the
+Honorable Thomas F. Bayard, lately Ambassador of the United States at
+the Court of St. James's; and
+
+_Whereas_, His Excellency the Governor has accepted the said manuscript
+in behalf of the Commonwealth; therefore, be it
+
+_Ordered_, That the Senate and the House of Representatives of the
+Commonwealth of Massachusetts place on record their high appreciation of
+the generous and gracious courtesy that prompted this act of
+international good-will, and express their grateful thanks to all
+concerned therein, and especially to the Lord Bishop of London, for the
+return to the Commonwealth of this precious relic; and be it further
+
+_Ordered_, That His Excellency the Governor be requested to transmit an
+engrossed and duly authenticated copy of this order with its preamble to
+the Lord Bishop of London.
+
+His Excellency, accompanied by the other dignitaries, then withdrew, the
+Convention was dissolved, and the Senate returned to its chamber.
+
+Subsequently a resolve was passed (approved June 10, 1897) providing
+for the publication of the history from the original manuscript,
+together with a report of the proceedings of the joint convention, such
+report to be prepared by a committee consisting of one member of the
+Senate and two members of the House of Representatives, and to include,
+so far as practicable, portraits of His Excellency Governor Roger
+Wolcott, William Bradford, the Honorable George F. Hoar, the Honorable
+Thomas F. Bayard, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Lord Bishop of
+London; facsimiles of pages from the manuscript history, and a picture
+of the book itself; copies of the decree of the Consistorial and
+Episcopal Court of London, the receipt of the Honorable Thomas F. Bayard
+for the manuscript, and the receipt sent by His Excellency the Governor
+to the Consistorial and Episcopal Court; an account of the legislative
+action taken with reference to the presentation and reception of the
+manuscript; the addresses of the Honorable George F. Hoar, the Honorable
+Thomas F. Bayard and His Excellency Governor Roger Wolcott; and such
+other papers and illustrations as the committee might deem advisable;
+the whole to be printed under the direction of the Secretary of the
+Commonwealth, and the book distributed by him according to directions
+contained in the resolve.
+
+Senator Alfred S. Roe of Worcester and Representatives Francis C. Lowell
+of Boston and Walter L. Bouve of Hingham were appointed as the
+committee.
+
+
+
+
+DECREE
+
+OF THE
+
+CONSISTORIAL AND EPISCOPAL
+
+COURT OF LONDON.
+
+
+DECREE.
+
+MANDELL by Divine Permission LORD BISHOP OF LONDON--To The Honorable
+THOMAS FRANCIS BAYARD Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to
+Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria at the Court of Saint James's
+in London and To The Governor and Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the
+United States of America Greeting--WHEREAS a Petition has been filed in
+the Registry of Our Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London by you
+the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard as Ambassador Extraordinary and
+Plenipotentiary to Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria at the Court
+of Saint James's in London on behalf of the President and Citizens of
+the United States of America wherein you have alleged that there is in
+Our Custody as Lord Bishop of London a certain Manuscript Book known as
+and entitled "The Log of the Mayflower" containing an account as
+narrated by Captain William Bradford who was one of the Company of
+Englishmen who left England in April 1620 in the ship known as "The
+Mayflower" of the circumstances leading to the prior Settlement of that
+Company at Leyden in Holland their return to England and subsequent
+departure for New England their landing at Cape Cod in December 1620
+their Settlement at New Plymouth and their later history for several
+years they being the Company whose Settlement in America is regarded as
+the first real Colonisation of the New England States and wherein you
+have also alleged that the said Manuscript Book had been for many years
+past and was then deposited in the Library attached to Our Episcopal
+Palace at Fulham in the County of Middlesex and is of the greatest
+interest importance and value to the Citizens of the United States of
+America inasmuch as it is one of the earliest records of their national
+History and contains much valuable information in regard to the original
+Settlers in the States their family history and antecedents and that
+therefore you earnestly desired to acquire possession of the same for
+and on behalf of the President and Citizens of the said United States of
+America AND WHEREIN you have also alleged that you are informed that We
+as Lord Bishop of London had fully recognised the value and interest of
+the said Manuscript Book to the Citizens of the United States of America
+and the claims which they have to its possession and that We were
+desirous of transferring it to the said President and Citizens AND
+WHEREIN you have also alleged that you are advised and believe that the
+Custody of documents in the nature of public or ecclesiastical records
+belonging to the See of London is vested in the Consistorial Court of
+the said See and that any disposal thereof must be authorised by an
+Order issued by the Judge of that Honorable Court And that you therefore
+humbly prayed that the said Honorable Court would deliver to you the
+said Manuscript Book on your undertaking to use every means in your
+power for the safe transmission of the said Book to the United States of
+America and its secure deposit and custody in the Pilgrim Hall at New
+Plymouth or in such other place as may be selected by the President and
+Senate of the said United States and upon such conditions as to security
+and access by and on behalf of the English Nation as that Honorable
+Court might determine AND WHEREAS the said Petition was set down for
+hearing on one of the Court days in Hilary Term to wit Thursday the
+Twenty fifth day of March One thousand eight hundred and ninety seven in
+Our Consistorial Court in the Cathedral Church of Saint Paul in London
+before The Right Worshipful Thomas Hutchinson Tristram Doctor of Laws
+and one of Her Majesty's Counsel learned in the Law Our Vicar General
+and Official Principal the Judge of the said Court and you at the
+sitting of the said Court appeared by Counsel in support of the Prayer
+of the said Petition and during the hearing thereof the said Manuscript
+Book was produced in the said Court by Our legal Secretary and was then
+inspected and examined by the said Judge and evidence was also given
+before the Court by which it appeared that the Registry at Fulham Palace
+was a Public Registry for Historical and Ecclesiastical Documents
+relating to the Diocese of London and to the Colonial and other
+possessions of Great Britain beyond the Seas so long as the same
+remained by custom within the said Diocese AND WHEREAS it appeared on
+the face of the said Manuscript Book that the whole of the body thereof
+with the exception of part of the last page thereof was in the
+handwriting of the said William Bradford who was elected Governor of New
+Plymouth in April 1621 and continued Governor thereof from that date
+excepting between the years 1635 and 1637 up to 1650 and that the last
+five pages of the said Manuscript which is in the handwriting of the
+said William Bradford contain what in Law is an authentic Register
+between 1620 and 1650 of the fact of the Marriages of the Founders of
+the Colony of New England with the names of their respective wives and
+the names of their Children the lawful issue of such Marriages and of
+the fact of the Marriages of many of their Children and Grandchildren
+and of the names of the issue of such marriages and of the deaths of
+many of the persons named therein And after hearing Counsel in support
+of the said application the Judge being of opinion that the said
+Manuscript Book had been upon the evidence before the Court presumably
+deposited at Fulham Palace sometime between the year 1729 and the year
+1785 during which time the said Colony was by custom within the Diocese
+of London for purposes Ecclesiastical and the Registry of the said
+Consistorial Court was a legitimate Registry for the Custody of
+Registers of Marriages Births and Deaths within the said Colony and that
+the Registry at Fulham Palace was a Registry for Historical and other
+Documents connected with the Colonies and possessions of Great Britain
+beyond the Seas so long as the same remained by custom within the
+Diocese of London and that on the Declaration of the Independence of the
+United States of America in 1776 the said Colony had ceased to be within
+the Diocese of London and the Registry of the Court had ceased to be a
+public registry for the said Colony and having maturely deliberated on
+the Cases precedents and practice of the Ecclesiastical Court bearing on
+the application before him and having regard to the Special
+Circumstances of the Case Decreed as follows--(1) That a Photographic
+facsimile reproduction of the said Manuscript Book verified by affidavit
+as being a true and correct Photographic reproduction of the said
+Manuscript Book be deposited in the Registry of Our said Court by or on
+behalf of the Petitioner before the delivery to the Petitioner of the
+said original Manuscript Book as hereinafter ordered--(2) That the said
+Manuscript Book be delivered over to the said Honorable Thomas Francis
+Bayard by the Lord Bishop of London or in his Lordship's absence by the
+Registrar of the said Court on his giving his undertaking in writing
+that he will with all due care and diligence on his arrival from England
+in the United States convey and deliver in person the said Manuscript
+Book to the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United
+States of America at his Official Office in the State House in the City
+of Boston and that from the time of the delivery of the said Book to him
+by the said Lord Bishop of London or by the said Registrar until he
+shall have delivered the same to the Governor of Massachusetts he will
+retain the same in his own Personal custody--(3) That the said Book be
+deposited by the Petitioner with the Governor of Massachusetts for the
+purpose of the same being with all convenient speed finally deposited
+either in the State Archives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the
+City of Boston or in the Library of the Historical Society of the said
+Commonwealth in the City of Boston as the Governor shall determine--(4)
+That the Governors of the said Commonwealth for all time to come be
+officially responsible for the safe custody of the said Manuscript Book
+whether the same be deposited in the State Archives at Boston or in the
+Historical Library in Boston aforesaid as well as for the performance
+of the following conditions subject to a compliance wherewith the said
+Manuscript Book is hereby decreed to be deposited in the Custody of the
+aforesaid Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and his
+Successors to wit:--(a) That all persons have such access to the said
+Manuscript Book as to the Governor of the said Commonwealth for the time
+being shall appear to be reasonable and with such safeguard as he shall
+order--(b) That all persons desirous of searching the said Manuscript
+Book for the bona fide purpose of establishing or tracing a Pedigree
+through persons named in the last five pages thereof or in any other
+part thereof shall be permitted to search the same under such safeguards
+as the Governor for the time being shall determine on payment of a fee
+to be fixed by the Governor--(c) That any person applying to the
+Official having the immediate custody of the said Manuscript Book for a
+Certified Copy of any entry contained in proof of Marriage Birth or
+Death of persons named therein or of any other matter of like purport
+for the purpose of tracing descents shall be furnished with such
+certificate on the payment of a sum not exceeding one Dollar--(d) That
+with all convenient speed after the delivery of the said Manuscript Book
+to the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts the Governor shall
+transmit to the Registrar of the Court a Certificate of the delivery of
+the same to him by the Petitioner and that he accepts the Custody of
+the same subject to the terms and conditions herein named AND the Judge
+lastly decreed that the Petitioner on delivering the said Manuscript
+Book to the Governor aforesaid shall at the same time deliver to him
+this Our Decree Sealed with the Seal of the Court WHEREFORE WE the
+Bishop of London aforesaid well weighing and considering the premises DO
+by virtue of Our Authority Ordinary and Episcopal and as far as in Us
+lies and by Law We may or can ratify and confirm such Decree of Our
+Vicar General and Official Principal of Our Consistorial and Episcopal
+Court of London IN TESTIMONY whereof We have caused the Seal of Our said
+Vicar General and Official Principal of the Consistorial and Episcopal
+Court of London which We use in this behalf to be affixed to these
+Presents DATED AT LONDON this Twelfth day of April One thousand eight
+hundred and ninety seven and in the first year of Our Translation.
+
+  HARRY W. LEE
+  Exd. H.E.T. Registrar
+
+  (L.S.)
+
+
+
+
+RECEIPT
+
+OF
+
+AMBASSADOR BAYARD.
+
+
+RECEIPT OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD.
+
+
+_In the Consistory Court of London_
+
+IN THE MATTER OF THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT OF THE BOOK ENTITLED AND KNOWN
+AS "THE LOG OF THE MAYFLOWER."
+
+I THE HONOURABLE THOMAS FRANCIS BAYARD lately Ambassador Extraordinary
+and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America at the Court of
+Saint James's London Do hereby undertake, in compliance with the Order
+of this Honourable Court dated the twelfth day of April 1897 and made on
+my Petition filed in the said Honourable Court, that I will with all due
+care and diligence on my arrival from England in the United States of
+America safely convey over the Original Manuscript Book Known as and
+entitled "The Log of the Mayflower" which has been this twenty ninth day
+of April 1897 delivered over to me by the Lord Bishop of London, to the
+City of Boston in the United States of America and on my arrival in the
+said City deliver the same over in person to the Governor of the
+Commonwealth of Massachusetts at his Official Office in the State House
+in the said City of Boston AND I further hereby undertake from the time
+of the said delivery of the said Book to me by the said Lord Bishop of
+London until I shall have delivered the same to the Governor of
+Massachusetts, to retain the same in my own personal custody.
+
+  (Signed) T. F. BAYARD
+
+  29 April 1897
+
+
+
+
+RECEIPT
+
+of
+
+HIS EXCELLENCY ROGER WOLCOTT.
+
+
+RECEIPT OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT.
+
+His Excellency ROGER WOLCOTT, _Governor of the Commonwealth of
+Massachusetts, in the United States of America_.
+
+_To the Registrar of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London._
+
+_Whereas_, The said Honorable Court, by its decree dated the twelfth day
+of April, 1897, and made on the petition of the Honorable Thomas Francis
+Bayard, lately Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
+United States of America at the Court of Saint James in London, did
+order that a certain original manuscript book then in the custody of the
+Lord Bishop of London, known as and entitled "The Log of the Mayflower,"
+and more specifically described in said decree, should be delivered over
+to the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard by the Lord Bishop of
+London, on certain conditions specified in said decree, to be delivered
+by the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard in person to the Governor of
+the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, thereafter to be kept in the custody
+of the aforesaid Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and his
+successors, subject to a compliance with certain conditions, as set
+forth in said decree;
+
+_And Whereas_, The said Honorable Court by its decree aforesaid did
+further order that, with all convenient speed after the delivery of the
+said manuscript book to the Governor of the Commonwealth of
+Massachusetts, the Governor should transmit to the Registrar of the
+said Honorable Court a certificate of the delivery of the same to him by
+the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard, and his acceptance of the
+custody of the same, subject to the terms and conditions named in the
+decree aforesaid;
+
+_Now, Therefore_, In compliance with the decree aforesaid I do hereby
+certify that on the twenty-sixth day of May, 1897, the said Honorable
+Thomas Francis Bayard delivered in person to me, at my official office
+in the State House in the city of Boston, in the Commonwealth of
+Massachusetts, in the United States of America, a certain manuscript
+book which the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard then and there
+declared to be the original manuscript book known as and entitled "The
+Log of the Mayflower," which is more specifically described in the
+decree aforesaid; and I do further certify that I hereby accept the
+custody of the same, subject to the terms and conditions named in the
+decree aforesaid.
+
+_In witness whereof_, I have hereunto signed my name and caused the seal
+of the Commonwealth to be affixed, at the Capitol in Boston, this
+twelfth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
+and ninety-seven.
+
+  ROGER WOLCOTT.
+
+  By His Excellency the Governor,
+  WM. M. OLIN,
+  _Secretary of the Commonwealth._
+
+
+
+
+ADDRESS
+
+OF THE
+
+HON. GEORGE F. HOAR.
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+
+ADDRESS OF SENATOR HOAR.
+
+The first American Ambassador to Great Britain, at the end of his
+official service, comes to Massachusetts on an interesting errand. He
+comes to deliver to the lineal successor of Governor Bradford, in the
+presence of the representatives and rulers of the body politic formed by
+the compact on board the "Mayflower," Nov. 11, 1620, the only authentic
+history of the founding of their Commonwealth; the only authentic
+history of what we have a right to consider the most important political
+transaction that has ever taken place on the face of the earth.
+
+Mr. Bayard has sought to represent to the mother country, not so much
+the diplomacy as the good-will of the American people. If in this
+anybody be tempted to judge him severely, let us remember what his great
+predecessor, John Adams, the first minister at the same court,
+representing more than any other man, embodying more than any other man,
+the spirit of Massachusetts, said to George III., on the first day of
+June, 1785, after the close of our long and bitter struggle for
+independence: "I shall esteem myself the happiest of men if I can be
+instrumental in restoring an entire esteem, confidence and affection,
+or, in better words, the old good-nature and the old good-humor between
+people who, though separated by an ocean and under different
+governments, have the same language, a similar religion and kindred
+blood."
+
+And let us remember, too, the answer of the old monarch, who, with all
+his faults, must have had something of a noble and royal nature stirring
+in his bosom, when he replied: "Let the circumstances of language,
+religion and blood have their natural and full effect."
+
+It has long been well known that Governor Bradford wrote and left behind
+him a history of the settlement of Plymouth. It was quoted by early
+chroniclers. There are extracts from it in the records at Plymouth.
+Thomas Prince used it when he compiled his annals. Hubbard depended on
+it when he wrote his "History of New England." Cotton Mather had read
+it, or a copy of a portion of it, when he wrote his "Magnalia." Governor
+Hutchinson had it when he published the second volume of his history in
+1767. From that time it disappeared from the knowledge of everybody on
+this side of the water. All our historians speak of it as lost, and can
+only guess what had been its fate. Some persons suspected that it was
+destroyed when Governor Hutchinson's house was sacked in 1765, others
+that it was carried off by some officer or soldier when Boston was
+evacuated by the British army in 1776.
+
+In 1844 Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, afterward Bishop of
+Winchester, one of the brightest of men, published one of the dullest
+and stupidest of books. It is entitled "The History of the Protestant
+Episcopal Church in America." It contained extracts from manuscripts
+which he said he had discovered in the library of the Bishop of London
+at Fulham. The book attracted no attention here until, about twelve
+years later, in 1855, John Wingate Thornton, whom many of us remember as
+an accomplished antiquary and a delightful gentleman, happened to pick
+up a copy of it while he was lounging in Burnham's book store. He read
+the bishop's quotations, and carried the book to his office, where he
+left it for his friend, Mr. Barry, who was then writing his "History of
+Massachusetts," with passages marked, and with a note which is not
+preserved, but which, according to his memory, suggested that the
+passages must have come from Bradford's long-lost history. That is the
+claim for Mr. Thornton. On the other hand, it is claimed by Mr. Barry
+that there was nothing of that kind expressed in Mr. Thornton's note,
+but in reading the book when he got it an hour or so later, the thought
+struck him for the first time that the clew had been found to the
+precious book which had been lost so long. He at once repaired to
+Charles Deane, then and ever since, down to his death, as President
+Eliot felicitously styled him, "the master of historical investigators
+in this country." Mr. Deane saw the importance of the discovery. He
+communicated at once with Joseph Hunter, an eminent English scholar.
+Hunter was high authority on all matters connected with the settlement
+of New England. He visited the palace at Fulham, and established beyond
+question the identity of the manuscript with Governor Bradford's
+history, an original letter of Governor Bradford having been sent over
+for comparison of handwriting.
+
+How the manuscript got to Fulham nobody knows. Whether it was carried
+over by Governor Hutchinson in 1774; whether it was taken as spoil from
+the tower of the Old South Church in 1775; whether, with other
+manuscripts, it was sent to Fulham at the time of the attempts of the
+Episcopal churches in America, just before the revolution, to establish
+an episcopate here,--nobody knows. It would seem that Hutchinson would
+have sent it to the colonial office; that an officer would naturally
+have sent it to the war office; and a private would have sent it to the
+war office, unless he had carried it off as mere private booty and
+plunder,--in which case it would have been unlikely that it would have
+reached a public place of custody. But we find it in the possession of
+the church and of the church official having, until independence was
+declared, special jurisdiction over Episcopal interests in Massachusetts
+and Plymouth. This may seem to point to a transfer for some
+ecclesiastical purpose.
+
+The bishop's chancellor conjectures that it was sent to Fulham because
+of the record annexed to it of the early births, marriages and deaths,
+such records being in England always in ecclesiastical custody. But this
+is merely conjecture.
+
+I know of no incident like this in history, unless it be the discovery
+in a chest in the castle of Edinburgh, where they had been lost for one
+hundred and eleven years, of the ancient regalia of Scotland,--the crown
+of Bruce, the sceptre and sword of state. The lovers of Walter Scott,
+who was one of the commissioners who made the search, remember his
+intense emotion, as described by his daughter, when the lid was removed.
+Her feelings were worked up to such a pitch that she nearly fainted, and
+drew back from the circle.
+
+As she was retiring she was startled by his voice exclaiming, in a tone
+of the deepest emotion, "something between anger and despair," as she
+expressed it: "By God, no!" One of the commissioners, not quite entering
+into the solemnity with which Scott regarded this business, had, it
+seems, made a sort of motion as if he meant to put the crown on the head
+of one of the young ladies near him, but the voice and the aspect of
+the poet were more than sufficient to make this worthy gentleman
+understand his error; and, respecting the enthusiasm with which he had
+not been taught to sympathize, he laid down the ancient diadem with an
+air of painful embarrassment. Scott whispered, "Pray forgive me," and
+turning round at the moment observed his daughter deadly pale and
+leaning by the door. He immediately drew her out of the room, and when
+she had somewhat recovered in the fresh air, walked with her across
+Mound to Castle Street. "He never spoke all the way home," she says,
+"but every now and then I felt his arm tremble, and from that time I
+fancied he began to treat me more like a woman than a child. I thought
+he liked me better, too, than he had ever done before."
+
+There have been several attempts to procure the return of the manuscript
+to this country. Mr. Winthrop, in 1860, through the venerable John
+Sinclair, archdeacon, urged the Bishop of London to give it up, and
+proposed that the Prince of Wales, then just coming to this country,
+should take it across the Atlantic and present it to the people of
+Massachusetts. The Attorney-General, Sir Fitzroy Kelley, approved the
+plan, and said it would be an exceptional act of grace, a most
+interesting action, and that he heartily wished the success of the
+application. But the bishop refused. Again, in 1869, John Lothrop
+Motley, then minister to England, who had a great and deserved
+influence there, repeated the proposition, at the suggestion of that
+most accomplished scholar, Justin Winsor. But his appeal had the same
+fate. The bishop gave no encouragement, and said, as had been said nine
+years before, that the property could not be alienated without an act of
+Parliament. Mr. Winsor planned to repeat the attempt on his visit to
+England in 1877. When he was at Fulham the bishop was absent, and he was
+obliged to come home without seeing him in person.
+
+In 1881, at the time of the death of President Garfield, Benjamin Scott,
+chamberlain of London, proposed again in the newspapers that the
+restitution should be made. But nothing came of it.
+
+Dec. 21, 1895, I delivered an address at Plymouth, on the occasion of
+the two hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the landing of the
+Pilgrims upon the rock. In preparing for that duty, I read again, with
+renewed enthusiasm and delight, the noble and touching story, as told by
+Governor Bradford. I felt that this precious history of the Pilgrims
+ought to be in no other custody than that of their children. But the
+case seemed hopeless. I found myself compelled by a serious physical
+infirmity to take a vacation, and to get a rest from public cares and
+duties, which was impossible while I stayed at home. When I went abroad
+I determined to visit the locality, on the borders of Lincolnshire and
+Yorkshire, from which Bradford and Brewster and Robinson, the three
+leaders of the Pilgrims, came, and where their first church was formed,
+and the places in Amsterdam and Leyden where the emigrants spent
+thirteen years. But I longed especially to see the manuscript of
+Bradford at Fulham, which then seemed to me, as it now seems to me, the
+most precious manuscript on earth, unless we could recover one of the
+four gospels as it came in the beginning from the pen of the Evangelist.
+
+The desire to get it back grew and grew during the voyage across the
+Atlantic. I did not know how such a proposition would be received in
+England. A few days after I landed I made a call upon John Morley. I
+asked him whether he thought the thing could be done. He inquired
+carefully into the story, took down from his shelf the excellent though
+brief life of Bradford in Leslie Stephen's "Biographical Dictionary,"
+and told me he thought the book ought to come back to us, and that he
+should be glad to do anything in his power to help. It was my fortune, a
+week or two after, to sit next to Mr. Bayard at a dinner given to Mr.
+Collins by the American consuls in Great Britain. I took occasion to
+tell him the story, and he gave me the assurance, which he has since so
+abundantly and successfully fulfilled, of his powerful aid. I was
+compelled, by the health of one of the party with whom I was
+travelling, to go to the continent almost immediately, and was
+disappointed in the hope of an early return to England. So the matter
+was delayed until about a week before I sailed for home, when I went to
+Fulham, in the hope at least of seeing the manuscript. I had supposed
+that it was a quasi-public library, open to general visitors. But I
+found the bishop was absent. I asked for the librarian, but there was no
+such officer, and I was told very politely that the library was not open
+to the public, and was treated in all respects as that of a private
+gentleman. So I gave up any hope of doing anything in person. But I
+happened, the Friday before I sailed for home, to dine with an English
+friend who had been exceedingly kind to me. As he took leave of me,
+about eleven o'clock in the evening, he asked me if there was anything
+more he could do for me. I said, "No, unless you happen to know the Lord
+Bishop of London. I should like to get a sight at the manuscript of
+Bradford's history before I go home." He said, "I do not know the bishop
+myself, but Mr. Grenfell, at whose house you spent a few days in the
+early summer, married the bishop's niece, and will gladly give you an
+introduction to his uncle. He is in Scotland. But I will write to him
+before I go to bed."
+
+Sunday morning brought me a cordial letter from Mr. Grenfell,
+introducing me to the bishop. I wrote a note to his lordship, saying I
+should be glad to have an opportunity to see Bradford's history; that I
+was to sail for the United States the next Wednesday, but would be
+pleased to call at Fulham Tuesday, if that were agreeable to him.
+
+I got a note in reply, in which he said if I would call on Tuesday he
+would be happy to show me "The Log of the Mayflower," which is the title
+the English, without the slightest reason in the world, give the
+manuscript. I kept the appointment, and found the bishop with the book
+in his hand. He received me with great courtesy, showed me the palace,
+and said that that spot had been occupied by a bishop's palace for more
+than a thousand years.
+
+After looking at the volume and reading the records on the flyleaf, I
+said: "My lord, I am going to say something which you may think rather
+audacious. I think this book ought to go back to Massachusetts. Nobody
+knows how it got over here. Some people think it was carried off by
+Governor Hutchinson, the Tory governor; other people think it was
+carried off by British soldiers when Boston was evacuated; but in either
+case the property would not have changed. Or, if you treat it as a
+booty, in which last case, I suppose, by the law of nations ordinary
+property does change, no civilized nation in modern times applies that
+principle to the property of libraries and institutions of learning."
+
+"Well," said the bishop, "I did not know you cared anything about it."
+
+"Why," said I, "if there were in existence in England a history of King
+Alfred's reign for thirty years, written by his own hand, it would not
+be more precious in the eyes of Englishmen than this manuscript is to
+us."
+
+"Well," said he, "I think myself it ought to go back, and if it had
+depended on me it would have gone back before this. But the Americans
+who have been here--many of them have been commercial people--did not
+seem to care much about it except as a curiosity. I suppose I ought not
+to give it up on my own authority. It belongs to me in my official
+capacity, and not as private or personal property. I think I ought to
+consult the Archbishop of Canterbury. And, indeed," he added, "I think I
+ought to speak to the Queen about it. We should not do such a thing
+behind Her Majesty's back."
+
+I said: "Very well. When I go home I will have a proper application made
+from some of our literary societies, and ask you to give it
+consideration."
+
+I saw Mr. Bayard again, and told him the story. He was at the train when
+I left London for the steamer at Southampton. He entered with great
+interest into the matter, and told me again he would gladly do anything
+in his power to forward it.
+
+When I got home I communicated with Secretary Olney about it, who took a
+kindly interest in the matter, and wrote to Mr. Bayard that the
+administration desired he should do everything in his power to promote
+the application. The matter was then brought to the attention of the
+council of the American Antiquarian Society, the Massachusetts
+Historical Society, the Pilgrim Society of Plymouth and the New England
+Society of New York. These bodies appointed committees to unite in the
+application. Governor Wolcott was also consulted, who gave his hearty
+approbation to the movement, and a letter was dispatched through Mr.
+Bayard.
+
+Meantime Bishop Temple, with whom I had my conversation, had himself
+become Archbishop of Canterbury, and in that capacity Primate of all
+England. His successor, Rev. Dr. Creighton, had been the delegate of
+John Harvard's College to the great celebration at Harvard University on
+the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of its foundation, in 1886. He
+had received the degree of doctor of laws from the university, had been
+a guest of President Eliot, and had received President Eliot as his
+guest in England.
+
+He is an accomplished historical scholar, and very friendly in sentiment
+to the people of the United States. So, by great fortune, the two
+eminent ecclesiastical personages who were to have a powerful influence
+in the matter were likely to be exceedingly well disposed. Dr. Benjamin
+A. Gould, the famous mathematician, was appointed one of the committee
+of the American Antiquarian Society. He died suddenly, just after a
+letter to the Bishop of London was prepared and about to be sent to him
+for signing. He took a very zealous interest in the matter. The letter
+formally asked for the return of the manuscript, and was signed by the
+following-named gentlemen: George F. Hoar, Stephen Salisbury, Edward
+Everett Hale, Samuel A. Green, for the American Antiquarian Society;
+Charles Francis Adams, William Lawrence, Charles W. Eliot, for the
+Massachusetts Historical Society; Arthur Lord, William M. Evarts,
+William T. Davis, for the Pilgrim Society of Plymouth; Charles C.
+Beaman, Joseph H. Choate, J. Pierpont Morgan, for the New England
+Society of New York; Roger Wolcott, Governor of Massachusetts.
+
+The rarest good fortune seems to have attended every step in this
+transaction.
+
+I was fortunate in having formed the friendship of Mr. Grenfell, which
+secured to me so cordial a reception from the Bishop of London.
+
+It was fortunate that the Bishop of London was Dr. Temple, an eminent
+scholar, kindly disposed toward the people of the United States, and a
+man thoroughly capable of understanding and respecting the deep and
+holy sentiment which a compliance with our desire would gratify.
+
+It was fortunate, too, that Bishop Temple, who thought he must have the
+approbation of the archbishop before his action, when the time came had
+himself become Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of all England.
+
+It was fortunate that Dr. Creighton had succeeded to the see of London.
+He is, himself, as I have just said, an eminent historical scholar. He
+has many friends in America. He was the delegate of Emmanuel, John
+Harvard's College, at the great Harvard centennial celebration in 1886.
+He received the degree of doctor of laws at Harvard and is a member of
+the Massachusetts Historical Society. He had, as I have said,
+entertained President Eliot as his guest in England.
+
+It was fortunate, too, that the application came in a time of cordial
+good-will between the two countries, when the desire of John Adams and
+the longing of George III. have their ample and complete fulfilment.
+This token of the good-will of England reached Boston on the eve of the
+birthday of the illustrious sovereign, who is not more venerated and
+beloved by her own subjects than by the kindred people across the sea.
+
+[Illustration: THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.]
+
+It comes to us at the time of the rejoicing of the English people at
+the sixtieth anniversary of a reign more crowded with benefit to
+humanity than any other known in the annals of the race. Upon the power
+of England, the sceptre, the trident, the lion, the army and the fleet,
+the monster ships of war, the all-shattering guns, the American people
+are strong enough now to look with an entire indifference. We encounter
+her commerce and her manufacture in the spirit of a generous emulation.
+The inheritance from which England has gained these things is ours also.
+We, too, are of the Saxon strain.
+
+        In our halls is hung
+    Armory of the invincible knights of old.
+
+Our temple covers a continent, and its porches are upon both the seas.
+Our fathers knew the secret to lay, in Christian liberty and law, the
+foundations of empire. Our young men are not ashamed, if need be, to
+speak with the enemy in the gate.
+
+But to the illustrious lady, type of gentlest womanhood, model of mother
+and wife and friend, who came at eighteen to the throne of George IV.
+and William; of purer eyes than to behold iniquity; the maiden presence
+before which everything unholy shrank; the sovereign who, during her
+long reign, "ever knew the people that she ruled;" the royal nature that
+disdained to strike at her kingdom's rival in the hour of our sorest
+need; the heart which even in the bosom of a queen beat with sympathy
+for the cause of constitutional liberty; who, herself not unacquainted
+with grief, laid on the coffin of our dead Garfield the wreath fragrant
+with a sister's sympathy,--to her our republican manhood does not
+disdain to bend.
+
+    The eagle, lord of land and sea,
+    Will stoop to pay her fealty.
+
+But I am afraid this application might have had the fate of its
+predecessors but for our special good fortune in the fact that Mr.
+Bayard was our ambassador at the Court of St. James. He had been, as I
+said in the beginning, the ambassador not so much of the diplomacy as of
+the good-will of the American people. Before his powerful influence
+every obstacle gave way. It was almost impossible for Englishmen to
+refuse a request like this, made by him, and in which his own sympathies
+were so profoundly enlisted.
+
+You are entitled, sir, to the gratitude of Massachusetts, to the
+gratitude of every lover of Massachusetts and of every lover of the
+country. You have succeeded where so many others have failed, and where
+so many others would have been likely to fail. You may be sure that our
+debt to you is fully understood and will not be forgotten.
+
+The question of the permanent abiding-place of this manuscript will be
+settled after it has reached the hands of His Excellency. Wherever it
+shall go it will be an object of reverent care. I do not think many
+Americans will gaze upon it without a little trembling of the lips and a
+little gathering of mist in the eyes, as they think of the story of
+suffering, of sorrow, of peril, of exile, of death and of lofty triumph
+which that book tells,--which the hand of the great leader and founder
+of America has traced on those pages.
+
+There is nothing like it in human annals since the story of Bethlehem.
+These Englishmen and English women going out from their homes in
+beautiful Lincoln and York, wife separated from husband and mother from
+child in that hurried embarkation for Holland, pursued to the beach by
+English horsemen; the thirteen years of exile; the life at Amsterdam "in
+alley foul and lane obscure;" the dwelling at Leyden; the embarkation at
+Delfthaven; the farewell of Robinson; the terrible voyage across the
+Atlantic; the compact in the harbor; the landing on the rock; the
+dreadful first winter; the death roll of more than half the number; the
+days of suffering and of famine; the wakeful night, listening for the
+yell of wild beast and the war-whoop of the savage; the building of the
+State on those sure foundations which no wave or tempest has ever
+shaken; the breaking of the new light; the dawning of the new day; the
+beginning of the new life; the enjoyment of peace with liberty,--of all
+these things this is the original record by the hand of our beloved
+father and founder. Massachusetts will preserve it until the time shall
+come that her children are unworthy of it; and that time shall
+come,--never.
+
+
+
+
+ADDRESS
+
+OF THE
+
+HON. THOMAS F. BAYARD.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+ADDRESS OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD.
+
+Your Excellency, Gentlemen of the two Houses of the Legislature of
+Massachusetts, Ladies and Gentlemen, Fellow Countrymen: The honorable
+and most gratifying duty with which I am charged is about to receive its
+final act of execution, for I have the book here, as it was placed in my
+hands by the Lord Bishop of London on April 29, intact then and now; and
+I am about to deliver it according to the provisions of the decree of
+the Chancellor of London, which has been read in your presence, and the
+receipt signed by me and registered in his court that I would obey the
+provisions of that decree.
+
+I have kept my trust; I have kept the book as I received it; I shall
+deliver it into the hands of the representative of the people who are
+entitled to its custody.
+
+And now, gentlemen, it would be superfluous for me to dwell upon the
+historical features of this remarkable occasion, for it has been done,
+as we all knew it would be done, with ability, learning, eloquence and
+impressiveness, by the distinguished Senator who represents you so well
+in the Congress of the United States.
+
+For all that related to myself, and for every gracious word of
+recognition and commendation that fell from his lips in relation to the
+part that I have taken in the act of restoration, I am profoundly
+grateful. It is an additional reward, but not the reward which induced
+my action.
+
+To have served your State, to have been instrumental in such an act as
+this, was of itself a high privilege to me. The Bradford manuscript was
+in the library of Fulham palace, and if, by lawful means, I could have
+become possessed of the volume, and have brought it here and quietly
+deposited it, I should have gone to my home with the great satisfaction
+of knowing that I had performed an act of justice, an act of right
+between two countries. Therefore the praise, however grateful, is
+additional, and I am very thankful for it.
+
+It may not be inappropriate or unpleasing to you should I state in a
+very simple manner the history of my relation to the return of this
+book, for it all has occurred within the last twelve months.
+
+I knew of the existence of this manuscript, and had seen the
+reproduction in facsimile. I knew that attempts had been made,
+unsuccessfully, to obtain the original book.
+
+At that time Senator Hoar made a short visit to England, and in passing
+through London I was informed by him of the great interest that he, in
+common with the people of this State, had in the restoration of this
+manuscript to the custody of the State.
+
+We discussed the methods by which it might be accomplished, and after
+two or three concurrent suggestions he returned to the United States,
+and presently I received, under cover from the Secretary of State,--a
+distinguished citizen of your own State, Mr. Olney,--a formal note,
+suggesting rather than instructing that in an informal manner I should
+endeavor to have carried out the wishes of the various societies that
+had addressed themselves to the Bishop of London and the Archbishop of
+Canterbury, in order to obtain the return of this manuscript.
+
+It necessarily had to be done informally. The strict regulations of the
+office I then occupied forbade my correspondence with any member of the
+British government except through the foreign office, unless it were
+informal. An old saying describes the entire case, that "When there's a
+will there's a way." There certainly was the will to get the book, and
+there certainly was also a will and a way to give the book, and that way
+was discovered by the legal custodians of the book itself.
+
+At first there were suggestions of difficulty, some technical questions;
+and following a very safe rule, the first thought was, What is the law?
+and the case was submitted to the law officers of the Crown. Then there
+arose the necessity of a formal act of permission.
+
+There could be entertained no question as to the title to the manuscript
+in the possession of the British government. There was no authority to
+grant a claim, founded on adverse title, and the question arose as to
+the requisite form of law of a permissive rather than of a mandatory
+nature, in order to be authoritative with those who had charge of the
+document.
+
+But, as I have said, when there was a will there was found a way. By
+personal correspondence and interviews with the Bishop of London, I soon
+discovered that he was as anxious to find the way as I was that he
+should find it. In March last it was finally agreed that I should employ
+legal counsel to present a formal petition in the Episcopal Consistorial
+Court of London, and there before the Chancellor to represent the strong
+desire of Massachusetts and her people for the return of the record of
+her early Governor.
+
+Accordingly, the petition was prepared, and by my authority signed as
+for me by an eminent member of the bar, and it was also signed by the
+Bishop of London, so that there was a complete consensus. The decree was
+ordered, as is published in the London "Times" on March 25 last, and
+nothing after that remained but formalities, in which, as you are well
+aware, the English law is not lacking, especially in the ecclesiastical
+tribunals.
+
+These formalities were carried out during my absence from London on a
+short visit to the Continent, and the decree which you have just heard
+read was duly entered on April 12 last, consigning the document to my
+personal custody, to be delivered by me in this city to the high
+official therein named, subject to those conditions which you have also
+heard.
+
+Accordingly, on the 29th of April last I was summoned to the court, and
+there, having signed the receipt, this decree was read in my presence.
+Then the Bishop of London arose, and, taking the book in his hands,
+delivered it with a few gracious words into my custody, and here it is
+to-day.
+
+The records of those proceedings will no doubt be preserved here as
+accompanying this book, as they are in the Episcopal Consistorial Court
+in London, and they tell the entire story.
+
+But that is but part. The thing that I wish to impress upon you, and
+upon my fellow countrymen throughout the United States, is that this is
+an act of courtesy and friendship by another government--the government
+of what we once called our "mother country"--to the entire people of the
+United States.
+
+You cannot limit it to the Governor of this Commonwealth; nor to the
+Legislature; nor even to the citizens of this Commonwealth. It extends
+in its courtesy, its kindness and comity to the entire people of the
+United States. From first to last there was the ready response of
+courtesy and kindness to the request for the restoration of this
+manuscript record.
+
+I may say to you that there has been nothing that I have sought more
+earnestly than to place the affairs of these two great nations in the
+atmosphere of mutual confidence and respect and good-will. If it be a
+sin to long for the honor of one's country, for the safety and strength
+of one's country, then I have been a great sinner, for I have striven to
+advance the honor and the safety and the welfare of my country, and
+believed it was best accomplished by treating all with justice and
+courtesy, and doing those things to others which we would ask to have
+done to ourselves.
+
+When the Chancellor pronounced his decree in March last, he cited
+certain precedents to justify him in restoring this volume to
+Massachusetts. One precedent which powerfully controlled his decision,
+and which in the closing portion of his judgment he emphasizes, was an
+act of generous liberality upon the part of the American Library Society
+in Philadelphia in voluntarily returning to the British government some
+volumes of original manuscript of the period of James the First, which
+by some means not very clearly explained had found their way among the
+books of that institution.
+
+Those books were received by a distinguished man, Lord Romilly, Master
+of the Rolls, who took occasion to speak of the liberality and kindness
+which dictated the action of the Philadelphia library. Gentlemen, I am
+one of those who believe that a generous and kindly act is never unwise
+between individuals or nations.
+
+The return of this book to you is an echo of the kindly act of your
+countrymen in the city of Philadelphia in 1866.
+
+It is that, not, as Mr. Hoar has said, any influence or special effort
+of mine; but it is international good feeling and comity which brought
+about to you the pleasure and the joy of having this manuscript
+returned, and so it will ever be. A generous act will beget a generous
+act; trust and confidence will beget trust and confidence; and so it
+will be while the world shall last, and well will it be for the man or
+for the people who shall recognize this truth and act upon it.
+
+Now, gentlemen, there is another coincidence that I may venture to point
+out. It is history repeating itself. More than three hundred years ago
+the ancestors from whom my father drew his name and blood were French
+Protestants, who had been compelled to flee from the religious
+persecutions of that day, and for the sake of conscience to find an
+asylum in Holland. Fifty years after they had fled and found safety in
+Holland, the little congregation of Independents from the English
+village of Scrooby, under the pastorate of John Robinson, was forced to
+fly, and with difficulty found its way into the same country of the
+Netherlands, seeking an asylum for consciences' sake.
+
+Time passed on. The little English colony removed, as this manuscript of
+William Bradford will tell you, across the Atlantic, and soon after the
+Huguenot family from whom I drew my name found their first settlement in
+what was then the New Netherlands, now New York. Both came from the same
+cause; both came with the same object, the same purpose,--"soul
+freedom," as Roger Williams well called it. Both came to found homes
+where they could worship God according to their own conscience and live
+as free men. They came to these shores, and they have found the asylum,
+and they have strengthened it, and it is what we see to-day,--a country
+of absolute religious and civil freedom,--of equal rights and
+toleration.
+
+And is it not fitting that I, who have in my veins the blood of the
+Huguenots, should present to you and your Governor the log of the
+English emigrants, who left their country for the sake of religious
+freedom?
+
+They are blended here,--their names, their interests. No man asks and no
+man has a right to ask or have ascertained by any method authorized by
+law what is the conscientious religious tenet or opinion of any man, of
+any citizen, as a prerequisite for holding an office of trust or power
+in the United States.
+
+I think it well on this occasion to make, as I am sure you are making,
+acknowledgment to that heroic little country, the Lowlands as they call
+it, the Netherlands,--the country without one single feature of military
+defence except the brave hearts of the men who live in it and defend it.
+
+Holland was the anvil upon which religious and civil liberty was beaten
+out in Europe at a time when the clang was scarcely heard anywhere else.
+We can never forget our historical debt to that country and to those
+people. Puritan, Independent, Huguenot, whoever he may be, forced to
+flee for conscience's sake, will not forget that in the Netherlands
+there was found in his time of need the asylum where conscience,
+property and person might be secure.
+
+And now my task is done. I am deeply grateful for the part that I have
+been enabled to take in this act of just and natural restitution. In
+Massachusetts or out of Massachusetts there is no one more willing than
+I to assist this work; and here, sir [addressing Governor Wolcott], I
+fulfil my trust in placing in your hands the manuscript.
+
+To you, as the honored representative of the people of this
+Commonwealth, I commit this book, in pursuance of my obligations, gladly
+undertaken under the decree of the Episcopal Consistorial Court of
+London.
+
+
+
+
+ADDRESS
+
+OF
+
+HIS EXCELLENCY ROGER WOLCOTT.
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+
+ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT.
+
+On receiving the volume, Governor Wolcott, addressing Mr. Bayard, spoke
+as follows: I thank you, sir, for the diligent and faithful manner in
+which you have executed the honorable trust imposed upon you by the
+decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, a copy of
+which you have now placed in my hands. It was fitting that one of your
+high distinction should be selected to perform so dignified an office.
+
+The gracious act of international courtesy which is now completed will
+not fail of grateful appreciation by the people of this Commonwealth and
+of the nation. It is honorable alike to those who hesitated not to
+prefer the request and to those whose generous liberality has prompted
+compliance with it. It may be that the story of the departure of this
+precious relic from our shores may never in its every detail be
+revealed; but the story of its return will be read of all men, and will
+become a part of the history of the Commonwealth. There are places and
+objects so intimately associated with the world's greatest men or with
+mighty deeds that the soul of him who gazes upon them is lost in a sense
+of reverent awe, as it listens to the voice that speaks from the past,
+in words like those which came from the burning bush, "Put off thy shoes
+from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground."
+
+On the sloping hillside of Plymouth, that bathes its feet in the waters
+of the Atlantic, such a voice is breathed by the brooding genius of the
+place, and the ear must be dull that fails to catch the whispered words.
+For here not alone did godly men and women suffer greatly for a great
+cause, but their noble purpose was not doomed to defeat, but was carried
+to perfect victory. They stablished what they planned. Their feeble
+plantation became the birthplace of religious liberty, the cradle of a
+free Commonwealth. To them a mighty nation owns its debt. Nay, they have
+made the civilized world their debtor. In the varied tapestry which
+pictures our national life, the richest spots are those where gleam the
+golden threads of conscience, courage and faith, set in the web by that
+little band. May God in his mercy grant that the moral impulse which
+founded this nation may never cease to control its destiny; that no act
+of any future generation may put in peril the fundamental principles on
+which it is based,--of equal rights in a free state, equal privileges in
+a free church and equal opportunities in a free school.
+
+In this precious volume which I hold in my hands--the gift of England to
+the Commonwealth of Massachusetts--is told the noble, simple story "of
+Pli[~m]oth Plantation." In the midst of suffering and privation and
+anxiety the pious hand of William Bradford here set down in ample detail
+the history of the enterprise from its inception to the year 1647. From
+him we may learn "that all great and honourable actions are accompanied
+with great difficulties, and must be both enterprised and overcome with
+answerable courages."
+
+The sadness and pathos which some might read into the narrative are to
+me lost in victory. The triumph of a noble cause even at a great price
+is theme for rejoicing, not for sorrow, and the story here told is one
+of triumphant achievement, and not of defeat.
+
+As the official representative of the Commonwealth, I receive it, sir,
+at your hands. I pledge the faith of the Commonwealth that for all time
+it shall be guarded in accordance with the terms of the decree under
+which it is delivered into her possession as one of her chiefest
+treasures. I express the thanks of the Commonwealth for the priceless
+gift. And I venture the prophecy that for countless years to come and to
+untold thousands these mute pages shall eloquently speak of high
+resolve, great suffering and heroic endurance made possible by an
+absolute faith in the over-ruling providence of Almighty God.
+
+
+
+
+ACKNOWLEDGMENT
+
+BY THE
+
+BISHOP OF LONDON.
+
+[Illustration: THE BISHOP OF LONDON]
+
+(Copy)
+
+  FULHAM PALACE, S.W.
+  Oct. 16, 1897.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I would ask you to express to the Convention of the two branches of the
+General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts my grateful thanks
+for the copy of their resolution of May 26, which was presented to me by
+Mr. Adams.[A]
+
+I consider it a great privilege to have been associated with an act of
+courtesy, which was also an act of justice, in restoring to its proper
+place a document which is so important in the records of your
+illustrious Commonwealth.
+
+  I am
+
+  Yours faithfully,
+  M. London.
+
+  H.D. COOLIDGE, Esq.
+  Clerk of the Convention.
+
+
+
+
+OF PLIMOTH PLANTATION.
+
+
+Of Plimoth Plantation.
+
+And first of y^e occasion and ind[~u]sments ther unto; the which that I
+may truly unfould, I must begine at y^e very roote & rise of y^e same.
+The which I shall endevor to manefest in a plaine stile, with singuler
+regard unto y^e simple trueth in all things, at least as near as my
+slender judgmente can attaine the same.
+
+
+
+
+1. Chapter.
+
+
+It is well knowne unto y^e godly and judicious, how ever since y^e first
+breaking out of y^e lighte of y^e gospell in our Honourable Nation of
+England, (which was y^e first of nations whom y^e Lord adorned ther
+with, affter y^t grosse darknes of popery which had covered & overspred
+y^e Christian worled,) what warrs & opposissions ever since, Satan hath
+raised, maintained, and continued against the Saincts, from time to
+time, in one sorte or other. Some times by bloody death and cruell
+torments; other whiles imprisonments, banishments, & other hard usages;
+as being loath his kingdom should goe downe, the trueth prevaile, and
+y^e churches of God reverte to their anciente puritie, and recover their
+primative order, libertie, & bewtie. But when he could not prevaile by
+these means, against the maine trueths of y^e gospell, but that they
+began to take rootting in many places, being watered with y^e blooud of
+y^e martires, and blessed from heaven with a gracious encrease; He then
+begane to take him to his anciente strategemes, used of old against the
+first Christians. That when by y^e bloody & barbarous persecutions of
+y^e Heathen Emperours, he could not stoppe & subuerte the course of y^e
+gospell, but that it speedily overspred with a wounderfull celeritie the
+then best known parts of y^e world, He then begane to sow errours,
+heresies, and wounderfull dissentions amongst y^e professours them
+selves, (working upon their pride & ambition, with other corrupte
+passions incidente to all mortall men, yea to y^e saints them selves in
+some measure,) by which wofull effects followed; as not only bitter
+contentions, & hartburnings, schismes, with other horrible confusions,
+but Satan tooke occasion & advantage therby to foyst in a number of vile
+ceremoneys, with many unproffitable cannons & decrees, which have since
+been as snares to many poore & peaceable souls even to this day. So as
+in y^e anciente times, the persecutions[2] by y^e heathen & their
+Emperours, was not greater then of the Christians one against other; the
+Arians & other their complices against y^e orthodoxe & true Christians.
+As witneseth Socrates in his 2. booke. His words are these;[B] _The
+violence truly_ (saith he) _was no less than that of ould practised
+towards y^e Christians when they were compelled & drawne to sacrifice to
+idoles; for many indured sundrie kinds of tormente, often rackings, &
+dismembering of their joynts; confiscating of ther goods; some bereaved
+of their native soyle; others departed this life under y^e hands of y^e
+tormentor; and some died in banishm[=e]te, & never saw ther cuntrie
+againe, &c._
+
+The like methode Satan hath seemed to hold in these later times, since
+y^e trueth begane to springe & spread after y^e great defection made by
+Antichrist, y^t man of si[=n]e.
+
+For to let pass y^e infinite examples in sundrie nations and severall
+places of y^e world, and instance in our owne, when as y^t old serpente
+could not prevaile by those firie flames & other his cruell tragedies,
+which he[C] by his instruments put in ure every wher in y^e days of
+queene Mary & before, he then begane an other kind of warre, & went more
+closly to worke; not only to oppuggen, but even to ruinate & destroy y^e
+kingdom of Christ, by more secrete & subtile means, by kindling y^e
+flames of contention and sowing y^e seeds of discorde & bitter enmitie
+amongst y^e proffessors & seeming reformed them selves. For when he
+could not prevaile by y^e former means against the principall doctrins
+of faith, he bente his force against the holy discipline & outward
+regimente of the kingdom of Christ, by which those holy doctrines
+should be conserved, & true pietie maintained amongest the saints &
+people of God.
+
+Mr. Foxe recordeth how y^t besids those worthy martires & confessors
+which were burned in queene Marys days & otherwise tormented,[D] _many
+(both studients & others) fled out of y^e land, to y^e number of 800.
+And became severall congregations. At Wesell, Frankford, Bassill, Emden,
+Markpurge, Strausborugh, & Geneva, &c._ Amongst whom (but especialy
+those at Frankford) begane y^t bitter warr of contention & persecuti[=o]
+aboute y^e ceremonies, & servise-booke, and other popish and
+antichristian stuffe, the plague of England to this day, which are like
+y^e highplases in Israell, w^ch the prophets cried out against, & were
+their ruine; [3] which y^e better parte sought, according to y^e puritie
+of y^e gospell, to roote out and utterly to abandon. And the other parte
+(under veiled pretences) for their ouwn ends & advancments, sought as
+stifly to continue, maintaine, & defend. As appeareth by y^e discourse
+therof published in printe, An^o: 1575; a booke y^t deserves better to
+be knowne and considred.
+
+The one side laboured to have y^e right worship of God & discipline of
+Christ established in y^e church, according to y^e simplicitie of y^e
+gospell, without the mixture of mens inventions, and to have & to be
+ruled by y^e laws of Gods word, dispensed in those offices, & by those
+officers of Pastors, Teachers, & Elders, &c. according to y^e Scripturs.
+The other partie, though under many colours & pretences, endevored to
+have y^e episcopall dignitie (affter y^e popish ma[=n]er) with their
+large power & jurisdiction still retained; with all those courts,
+cannons, & ceremonies, togeather with all such livings, revenues, &
+subordinate officers, with other such means as formerly upheld their
+antichristian greatnes, and enabled them with lordly & tyranous power to
+persecute y^e poore servants of God. This contention was so great, as
+neither y^e honour of God, the commone persecution, nor y^e mediation of
+Mr. Calvin & other worthies of y^e Lord in those places, could prevaile
+with those thus episcopally minded, but they proceeded by all means to
+disturbe y^e peace of this poor persecuted church, even so farr as to
+charge (very unjustly, & ungodlily, yet prelatelike) some of their
+cheefe opposers, with rebellion & hightreason against y^e Emperour, &
+other such crimes.
+
+And this cont[=e]tion dyed not with queene Mary, nor was left beyonde
+y^e seas, but at her death these people returning into England under
+gracious queene Elizabeth, many of them being preferred to bishopricks &
+other promotions, according to their aimes and desires, that inveterate
+hatered against y^e holy discipline of Christ in his church hath
+continued to this day. In somuch that for fear [4] it should preveile,
+all plotts & devices have been used to keepe it out, incensing y^e
+queene & state against it as dangerous for y^e co[=m]on wealth; and that
+it was most needfull y^t y^e fundamentall poynts of Religion should be
+preached in those ignorante & superstitious times; and to wi[=n]e y^e
+weake & ignorante, they might retaine diverse harmles ceremoneis; and
+though it were to be wished y^t diverse things were reformed, yet this
+was not a season for it. And many the like, to stop y^e mouthes of y^e
+more godly, to bring them over to yeeld to one ceremoney after another,
+and one corruption after another; by these wyles begyleing some &
+corrupting others till at length they begane to persecute all y^e
+zealous professors in y^e land (though they knew little what this
+discipline mente) both by word & deed, if they would not submitte to
+their ceremonies, & become slaves to them & their popish trash, which
+have no ground in y^e word of God, but are relikes of y^t man of sine.
+And the more y^e light of y^e gospell grew, y^e more y^ey urged their
+subscriptions to these corruptions. So as (notwithstanding all their
+former pretences & fair colures) they whose eyes God had not justly
+blinded might easily see wherto these things tended. And to cast
+contempte the more upon y^e sincere servants of God, they opprobriously
+& most injuriously gave unto, & imposed upon them, that name of
+Puritans, which [it] is said the Novatians out of prid did assume &
+take unto themselves.[E] And lamentable it is to see y^e effects which
+have followed. Religion hath been disgraced, the godly greeved,
+afflicted, persecuted, and many exiled, sundrie have lost their lives in
+prisones & otherways. On the other hand, sin hath been countenanced,
+ignorance, profannes, & atheisme increased, & the papists encouraged to
+hope againe for a day.
+
+This made that holy man Mr. Perkins[F] crie out in his exhortation to
+repentance, upon Zeph. 2. _Religion_ (saith he) _hath been amongst us
+this 35. years; but the more it is published, the more it is contemned &
+reproached of many, &c. Thus not prophanes nor wickednes, but Religion
+it selfe is a byword, a moking-stock, & a matter of reproach; so that in
+England at this day the man or woman y^t begines to profes Religion, &
+to serve God, must resolve with him selfe to sustaine_ [5] _mocks &
+injueries even as though he lived amongst y^e enimies of Religion._ And
+this co[=m]one experience hath confirmed & made too apparente.
+
+_A late observation, as it were by the way, worthy to be Noted._[G]
+
+  Full litle did I thinke, y^t the downfall of y^e Bishops, with their
+  courts, cannons, & ceremonies, &c. had been so neare, when I first
+  begane these scribled writings (which was aboute y^e year 1630, and so
+  peeced up at times of leasure afterward), or that I should have lived
+  to have seene or heard of y^e same; but it is y^e Lords doing, and
+  ought to be marvelous in our eyes! Every plante which mine heavenly
+  father hath not planted (saith our Saviour) shall be rooted up. Mat:
+  15. 13.[H] I have snared the, and thou art taken, O Babell (Bishops),
+  and thou wast not aware; thou art found, and also caught, because thou
+  hast striven against the Lord. Jer. 50. 24. But will they needs strive
+  against y^e truth, against y^e servants of God; what, & against the
+  Lord him selfe? Doe they provoke the Lord to anger? Are they stronger
+  than he? 1. Cor: 10. 22. No, no, they have mete with their match.
+  Behold, I come unto y^e, O proud man, saith the Lord God of hosts; for
+  thy day is come, even the time that I will visite the. Jer: 50. 31.
+  May not the people of God now say (and these pore people among y^e
+  rest), The Lord hath brought forth our righteousnes; come, let us
+  declare in Sion the work of the Lord our God. Jer: 51. 10. Let all
+  flesh be still before the Lord; for he is raised up out of his holy
+  place. Zach: 2. 13.
+
+  In this case, these poore people may say (among y^e thousands of
+  Israll), _When the Lord brougt againe the captivite of Zion, we were
+  like them that dreame. Psa: 126. 1. The Lord hath done greate things
+  for us, wherof we rejoyce. v. 3. They that sow in teares, shall reap
+  in joye. They wente weeping, and carried precious seede, but they
+  shall returne with joye, and bring their sheaves, v. 5, 6._
+
+  Doe you not now see y^e fruits of your labours, O all yee servants of
+  y^e Lord that have suffered for his truth, and have been faithfull
+  witneses of y^e same, and yee litle handfull amongst y^e rest, y^e
+  least amongest y^e thousands of Israll? You have not only had a seede
+  time, but many of you have seene y^e joyefull harvest; should you not
+  then rejoyse, yea, and againe rejoyce, and say Hallelu-iah,
+  salvation, and glorie, and honour, and power, be to y^e Lord our God;
+  for true and righteous are his judgments. Rev. 19. 1, 2.
+
+  But thou wilte aske what is y^e mater? What is done? Why, art thou a
+  stranger in Israll, that thou shouldest not know what is done? Are not
+  those Jebusites overcome that have vexed the people of Israll so long,
+  even holding Jerusalem till Davids days, and been as thorns in their
+  sids, so many ages; and now begane to scorne that any David should
+  meadle with them; they begane to fortifie their tower, as that of the
+  old Babelonians; but those proud Anakimes are throwne downe, and their
+  glory laid in y^e dust. The tiranous bishops are ejected, their courts
+  dissolved, their cannons forceless, their servise casheired, their
+  ceremonies uselese and despised; their plots for popery prevented, and
+  all their superstitions discarded & returned to Roome from whence they
+  came, and y^e monuments of idolatrie rooted out of y^e land. And the
+  proud and profane suporters, and cruell defenders of these (as bloody
+  papists & wicked athists, and their malignante consorts) marvelously
+  over throwne. And are not these greate things? Who can deney it?
+
+  But who hath done it? Who, even he that siteth on y^e white horse, who
+  is caled faithfull, & true, and judgeth and fighteth righteously, Rev:
+  19. 11. whose garments are dipte in blood, and his name was caled the
+  word of God, v. 13. for he shall rule them with a rode of iron; for it
+  is he that treadeth the winepress of the feircenes and wrath of God
+  almighty. And he hath upon his garmente, and upon his thigh, a name
+  writen, The King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, v. 15, 16.
+
+  Hallelu-iah.
+
+  Anno Dom: 1646.
+
+But that I may come more near my intendmente; when as by the travell &
+diligence of some godly & zealous preachers, & Gods blessing on their
+labours, as in other places of y^e land, so in y^e North parts, many
+became inlightened by the word of God, and had their ignorance & sins
+discovered unto them, and begane by his grace to reforme their lives,
+and make conscience of their wayes, the worke of God was no sooner
+manifest in them, but presently they were both scoffed and scorned by
+y^e prophane multitude, and y^e ministers urged with y^e yoak of
+subscription, or els must be silenced; and y^e poore people were so
+vexed with apparators, & pursuants, & y^e comissarie courts, as truly
+their affliction was not smale; which, notwithstanding, they bore
+sundrie years with much patience, till they were occasioned (by y^e
+continuance & encrease of these troubls, and other means which the Lord
+raised up in those days) to see further into things by the light of y^e
+word of God. How not only these base and beggerly ceremonies were
+unlawfull, but also that y^e lordly & tiranous power of y^e prelats
+ought not to be submitted unto; which thus, contrary to the freedome of
+the gospell, would load & burden mens consciences, and by their
+compulsive power make a prophane mixture of persons & things in the
+worship of God. And that their offices & calings, courts & cannons, &c.
+were unlawfull and antichristian; being such as have no warrante in y^e
+word of God; but the same y^t were used in poperie, & still retained. Of
+which a famous author thus writeth in his Dutch co[=m]taries.[I] At the
+coming of king James into England; _The new king_ (saith he) _found
+their established y^e reformed religion, according to y^e reformed
+religion of king Edward y^e 6. Retaining, or keeping still y^e
+spirituall state of y^e Bishops, &c. after y^e ould maner, much varying
+& differing from y^e reformed churches in Scotland, France, & y^e
+Neatherlands, Embden, Geneva, &c. whose reformation is cut, or shapen
+much nerer y^e first Christian churches, as it was used in y^e Apostles
+times._[J]
+
+[6] So many therfore of these proffessors as saw y^e evill of these
+things, in thes parts, and whose harts y^e Lord had touched w^th
+heavenly zeale for his trueth, they shooke of this yoake of
+antichristian bondage, and as y^e Lords free people, joyned them selves
+(by a covenant of the Lord) into a church estate, in y^e felowship of
+y^e gospell, to walke in all his wayes, made known, or to be made known
+unto them, according to their best endeavours, whatsoever it should cost
+them, the Lord assisting them. And that it cost them something this
+ensewing historie will declare.
+
+These people became 2. distincte bodys or churches, & in regarde of
+distance of place did congregate severally; for they were of sundrie
+townes & vilages, some in Notingamshire, some of Lincollinshire, and
+some of Yorkshire, wher they border nearest togeather. In one of these
+churches (besids others of note) was Mr. John Smith, a man of able
+gifts, & a good preacher, who afterwards was chosen their pastor. But
+these afterwards falling into some errours in y^e Low Countries, ther
+(for y^e most part) buried them selves, & their names.
+
+But in this other church (w^ch must be y^e subjecte of our discourse)
+besids other worthy men, was M^r. Richard Clifton, a grave and
+rever[=e]d preacher, who by his paines and dilligens had done much good,
+and under God had ben a means of y^e conversion of many. And also that
+famous and worthy man M^r. John Robinson, who afterwards was their
+pastor for many years, till y^e Lord tooke him away by death. Also M^r.
+William Brewster a reverent man, who afterwards was chosen an elder of
+y^e church and lived with them till old age.
+
+But after these things they could not long continue in any peaceable
+condition, but were hunted & persecuted on every side, so as their
+former afflictions were but as flea-bitings in comparison of these which
+now came upon them. For some were taken & clapt up in prison, others had
+their houses besett & watcht night and day, & hardly escaped their
+hands; and y^e most were faine to flie & leave their howses &
+habitations, and the means of their livelehood. Yet these & many other
+sharper things which affterward befell them, were no other then they
+looked for, and therfore were y^e better prepared to bear them by y^e
+assistance of Gods grace & spirite. Yet seeing them selves thus
+molested, [7] and that ther was no hope of their continuance ther, by a
+joynte consente they resolved to goe into y^e Low-Countries, wher they
+heard was freedome of Religion for all men; as also how sundrie from
+London, & other parts of y^e land, had been exiled and persecuted for
+y^e same cause, & were gone thither, and lived at Amsterdam, & in other
+places of y^e land. So affter they had continued togeither aboute a
+year, and kept their meetings every Saboth in one place or other,
+exercising the worship of God amongst them selves, notwithstanding all
+y^e dilligence & malice of their adverssaries, they seeing they could no
+longer continue in y^t condition, they resolved to get over into
+Holl[=a]d as they could; which was in y^e year 1607. & 1608.; of which
+more at large in y^e next chap.
+
+
+
+
+2. Chap.
+
+_Of their departure into Holland and their troubls ther aboute, with
+some of the many difficulties they found and mete withall_.
+
+An^o. 1608.
+
+
+Being thus constrained to leave their native soyle and countrie, their
+lands & livings, and all their freinds & famillier acquaintance, it was
+much, and thought marvelous by many. But to goe into a countrie they
+knew not (but by hearsay), wher they must learne a new language, and get
+their livings they knew not how, it being a dear place, & subjecte to
+y^e misseries of warr, it was by many thought an adventure almost
+desperate, a case intolerable, & a misserie worse then death. Espetially
+seeing they were not aquainted with trads nor traffique, (by which y^t
+countrie doth subsiste,) but had only been used to a plaine countrie
+life, & y^e inocente trade of husbandrey. But these things did not
+dismay them (though they did some times trouble them) for their desires
+were sett on y^e ways of God, & to injoye his ordinances; but they
+rested on his providence, & knew whom they had beleeved. Yet [8] this
+was not all, for though they could not stay, yet were y^e not suffered
+to goe, but y^e ports and havens were shut against them, so as they were
+faine to seeke secrete means of conveance, & to bribe & fee y^e
+mariners, & give exterordinarie rates for their passages. And yet were
+they often times betrayed (many of them), and both they & their goods
+intercepted & surprised, and therby put to great trouble & charge, of
+which I will give an instance or tow, & omitte the rest.
+
+Ther was a large companie of them purposed to get passage at Boston in
+Lincoln-shire, and for that end had hired a shipe wholy to them selves,
+& made agreement with the maister to be ready at a certaine day, and
+take them and their goods in, at a conveniente place, wher they
+accordingly would all attende in readines. So after long waiting, &
+large expences, though he kepte not day with them, yet he came at
+length & tooke them in, in y^e night. But when he had them & their goods
+abord, he betrayed them, haveing before hand complotted with y^e
+serchers & other officers so to doe; who tooke them, and put them into
+open boats, & ther rifled & ransaked them, searching them to their
+shirts for money, yea even y^e women furder then became modestie; and
+then caried them back into y^e towne, & made them a spectackle & wonder
+to the multitude, which came flocking on all sids to behould them. Being
+thus first, by the chatch-poule officers, rifled, & stripte of their
+money, books, and much other goods, they were presented to y^e
+magestrates, and messengers sente to informe y^e lords of y^e Counsell
+of them; and so they were co[=m]ited to ward. Indeed y^e magestrats used
+them courteously, and shewed them what favour they could; but could not
+deliver them, till order came from y^e Counsell-table. But y^e issue was
+that after a months imprisonmente, y^e greatest parte were dismiste, &
+sent to y^e places from whence they came; but 7. of y^e principall were
+still kept in prison, and bound over to y^e Assises.
+
+The nexte spring after, ther was another attempte made by some of these
+& others, to get over at an other place. And it so fell out, that they
+light of a Dutchman at Hull, having a ship of his owne belonging to
+Zealand; they made agreemente with him, and acquainted [9] him with
+their condition, hoping to find more faithfullnes in him, then in y^e
+former of their owne nation. He bad them not fear, for he would doe well
+enough. He was by appointment to take them in betweene Grimsbe & Hull,
+wher was a large co[=m]one a good way distante from any towne. Now
+aganst the prefixed time, the women & children, with y^e goods, were
+sent to y^e place in a small barke, which they had hired for y^t end;
+and y^e men were to meete them by land. But it so fell out, that they
+were ther a day before y^e shipe came, & y^e sea being rough, and y^e
+women very sicke, prevailed with y^e seamen to put into a creeke hardby,
+wher they lay on ground at lowwater. The nexte morning y^e shipe came,
+but they were fast, & could not stir till aboute noone. In y^e mean
+time, y^e shipe maister, perceiveing how y^e matter was, sente his boate
+to be getting y^e men abord whom he saw ready, walking aboute y^e shore.
+But after y^e first boat full was gott abord, & she was ready to goe for
+more, the m^r espied a greate company, both horse & foote, with bills, &
+gunes, & other weapons; for y^e countrie was raised to take them. Y^e
+Dutch-man seeing y^t, swore his countries oath, "sacremente," and having
+y^e wind faire, waiged his Ancor, hoysed sayles, & away. But y^e poore
+men which were gott abord, were in great distress for their wives and
+children, which they saw thus to be taken, and were left destitute of
+their helps; and them selves also, not having a cloath to shifte them
+with, more then they had on their baks, & some scarce a peney aboute
+them, all they had being abord y^e barke. It drew tears from their eyes,
+and any thing they had they would have given to have been a shore
+againe; but all in vaine, ther was no remedy, they must thus sadly part.
+And afterward endured a fearfull storme at sea, being 14. days or more
+before y^ey arived at their porte, in 7. wherof they neither saw son,
+moone, nor stars, & were driven near y^e coast of Norway; the mariners
+them selves often despairing of life; and once with shriks & cries gave
+over all, as if y^e ship had been foundred in y^e sea, & they sinking
+without recoverie. But when mans hope & helpe wholy failed, y^e Lords
+power & mercie appeared in ther recoverie; for y^e ship rose againe, &
+gave y^e mariners courage againe to manage her. And if modestie woud
+suffer me, I might declare with what fervente [10] prayres they cried
+unto y^e Lord in this great distres, (espetialy some of them,) even
+without any great distraction, when y^e water rane into their mouthes &
+ears; & the mariners cried out, We sinke, we sinke; they cried (if not
+with mirakelous, yet with a great hight or degree of devine faith), Yet
+Lord thou canst save, yet Lord thou canst save; with shuch other
+expressions as I will forbeare. Upon which y^e ship did not only
+recover, but shortly after y^e violence of y^e storme begane to abate,
+and y^e Lord filed their afflicted minds with shuch comforts as every
+one ca[=n]ot understand, and in y^e end brought them to their desired
+Haven, wher y^e people came flockeing admiring their deliverance, the
+storme having ben so longe & sore, in which much hurt had been don, as
+y^e masters freinds related unto him in their congrattulations.
+
+But to returne to y^e others wher we left. The rest of y^e men y^t were
+in greatest danger, made shift to escape away before y^e troope could
+surprise them; those only staying y^t best might, to be assistante unto
+y^e women. But pitifull it was to see y^e heavie case of these poore
+women in this distress; what weeping & crying on every side, some for
+their husbands, that were caried away in y^e ship as is before related;
+others not knowing what should become of them, & their litle ones;
+others againe melted in teares, seeing their poore litle ones hanging
+aboute them, crying for feare, and quaking with could. Being thus
+aprehended, they were hurried from one place to another, and from one
+justice to another, till in y^e ende they knew not what to doe with
+them; for to imprison so many women & innocent children for no other
+cause (many of them) but that they must goe with their husbands, semed
+to be unreasonable and all would crie out of them; and to send them home
+againe was as difficult, for they aledged, as y^e trueth was, they had
+no homes to goe to, for they had either sould, or otherwise disposed of
+their houses & livings. To be shorte, after they had been thus turmolyed
+a good while, and conveyed from one constable to another, they were glad
+to be ridd of them in y^e end upon any termes; for all were wearied &
+tired with them. Though in y^e mean time they (poore soules) indured
+miserie enough; and thus in the end necessitie forste a way for them.
+
+But y^t I be not tedious in these things, I will omitte y^e rest, though
+I might relate many other notable passages and troubles which they
+endured & underwente in these their wanderings & travells both at land &
+sea; but I hast to [11] other things. Yet I may not omitte y^e fruite
+that came hearby, for by these so publick troubls, in so many eminente
+places, their cause became famouss, & occasioned many to looke into y^e
+same; and their godly cariage & Christian behaviour was such as left a
+deep impression in the minds of many. And though some few shrunk at
+these first conflicts & sharp beginings, (as it was no marvell,) yet
+many more came on with fresh courage, & greatly animated others. And in
+y^e end, notwithstanding all these stormes of oppossition, they all gatt
+over at length, some at one time & some at an other, and some in one
+place & some in an other, and mette togeather againe according to their
+desires, with no small rejoycing.
+
+
+
+
+The 3. Chap.
+
+_Of their setling in Holand, & their maner of living, & entertainmente
+ther._
+
+
+Being now come into y^e Low Countries, they saw many goodly & fortified
+cities, strongly walled and garded with troopes of armed men. Also they
+heard a strange & uncouth language, and beheld y^e differente ma[=n]ers
+& customes of y^e people, with their strange fashons and attires; all so
+farre differing from y^t of their plaine countrie villages (wherin they
+were bred, & had so longe lived) as it seemed they were come into a new
+world. But these were not y^e things they much looked on, or long tooke
+up their thoughts; for they had other work in hand, & an other kind of
+warr to wage & maintaine. For though they saw faire & bewtifull cities,
+flowing with abundance of all sorts of welth & riches, yet it was not
+longe before they saw the gri[=m]e & grisly face of povertie coming upon
+them like an armed man, with whom they must bukle & incounter, and from
+whom they could not flye; but they were armed with faith & patience
+against him, and all his encounters; and though they were sometimes
+foyled, yet by Gods assistance they prevailed and got y^e victorie.
+
+Now when M^r. Robinson, M^r. Brewster, & other principall members were
+come over, (for they were of y^e last, & stayed to help y^e weakest
+over before them,) such things were [12] thought on as were necessarie
+for their setling and best ordering of y^e church affairs. And when they
+had lived at Amsterdam aboute a year, M^r. Robinson, their pastor, and
+some others of best discerning, seeing how M^r. John Smith and his
+companie was allready fallen in to contention with y^e church y^t was
+ther before them, & no means they could use would doe any good to cure
+y^e same, and also that y^e flames of contention were like to breake out
+in y^t anciente church it selfe (as affterwards lamentably came to
+pass); which things they prudently foreseeing, thought it was best to
+remove, before they were any way engaged with y^e same; though they well
+knew it would be much to y^e prejudice of their outward estats, both at
+presente & in licklyhood in y^e future; as indeed it proved to be.
+
+_Their remoovall to Leyden._
+
+For these & some other reasons they removed to Leyden, a fair &
+bewtifull citie, and of a sweete situation, but made more famous by y^e
+universitie wherwith it is adorned, in which of late had been so many
+learned men. But wanting that traffike by sea which Amsterdam injoyes,
+it was not so beneficiall for their outward means of living & estats.
+But being now hear pitchet they fell to such trads & imployments as they
+best could; valewing peace & their spirituall comforte above any other
+riches whatsoever. And at lenght they came to raise a competente &
+comforteable living, but with hard and continuall labor.
+
+Being thus setled (after many difficulties) they continued many years in
+a comfortable condition, injoying much sweete & delightefull societie &
+spirituall comforte togeather in y^e wayes of God, under y^e able
+ministrie, and prudente governmente of M^r. John Robinson, & M^r.
+William Brewster, who was an assistante unto him in y^e place of an
+Elder, unto which he was now called & chosen by the church. So as they
+grew in knowledge & other gifts & graces of y^e spirite of God, & lived
+togeather in peace, & love, and holines; and many came unto them from
+diverse parts of England, so as they grew a great congregation. And if
+at any time any differences arose, or offences broak[13] out (as it
+cannot be, but some time ther will, even amongst y^e best of men) they
+were ever so mete with, and nipt in y^e head betims, or otherwise so
+well composed, as still love, peace, and communion was continued; or els
+y^e church purged of those that were incurable & incorrigible, when,
+after much patience used, no other means would serve, which seldom came
+to pass. Yea such was y^e mutuall love, & reciprocall respecte that this
+worthy man had to his flocke, and his flocke to him, that it might be
+said of them as it once was of y^t famouse Emperour Marcus Aurelious,[K]
+and y^e people of Rome, that it was hard to judge wheather he delighted
+more in haveing shuch a people, or they in haveing such a pastor. His
+love was greate towards them, and his care was all ways bente for their
+best good, both for soule and body; for besids his singuler abilities in
+devine things (wherin he excelled), he was also very able to give
+directions in civill affaires, and to foresee dangers & inconveniences;
+by w^ch means he was very helpfull to their outward estats, & so was
+every way as a commone father unto them. And none did more offend him
+then those that were close and cleaving to them selves, and retired from
+y^e comm[=o]e good; as also such as would be stiffe & riged in matters
+of outward order, and invey against y^e evills of others, and yet be
+remisse in them selves, and not so carefull to express a vertuous
+conversation. They in like maner had ever a reverente regard unto him, &
+had him in precious estimation, as his worth & wisdom did deserve; and
+though they esteemed him highly whilst he lived & laboured amongst them,
+yet much more after his death, when they came to feele y^e wante of his
+help, and saw (by woefull experience) what a treasure they had lost, to
+y^e greefe of their harts, and wounding of their sowls; yea such a loss
+as they saw could not be repaired; for it was as hard for them to find
+such another leader and feeder in all respects, as for y^e Taborits to
+find another Ziska. And though they did not call themselves orphans, as
+the other did, after his death, yet they had cause as much to lamente,
+in another regard, their present condition, and after usage. But to
+returne; I know not but it may be spoken to y^e honour of God, & without
+prejudice [14] to any, that such was y^e true pietie, y^e humble zeale,
+& fervent love, of this people (whilst they thus lived together) towards
+God and his waies, and y^e single hartednes & sinceir affection one
+towards another, that they came as near y^e primative patterne of y^e
+first churches, as any other church of these later times have done,
+according to their ranke & qualitie.
+
+But seeing it is not my purpose to treat of y^e severall passages that
+befell this people whilst they thus lived in y^e Low Countries, (which
+might worthily require a large treatise of it selfe,) but to make way to
+shew y^e begining of this plantation, which is that I aime at; yet
+because some of their adversaries did, upon y^e rumore of their
+removall, cast out slanders against them, as if that state had been
+wearie of them, & had rather driven them out (as y^e heathen historians
+did faine of Moyses & y^e Isralits when they went out of Egipte), then
+y^t it was their owne free choyse & motion, I will therfore mention a
+perticuler or too to shew y^e contrary, and the good acceptation they
+had in y^e place wher they lived. And first though many of them weer
+poore, yet ther was none so poore, but if they were known to be of y^t
+congregation, the _Dutch_ (either bakers or others) would trust them in
+any reasonable matter when y^ey wanted money. Because they had found by
+experience how carfull they were to keep their word, and saw them so
+painfull & dilligente in their callings; yea, they would strive to gett
+their custome, and to imploy them above others, in their worke, for
+their honestie & diligence.
+
+Againe; y^e magistrats of y^e citie, aboute y^e time of their coming
+away, or a litle before, in y^e publick place of justice, gave this
+comendable testemoney of them, in y^e reproofe of the Wallons, who were
+of y^e French church in y^t citie. These English, said they, have lived
+amongst us now this 12. years, and yet we never had any sute or
+accusation came against any of them; but your strifs & quarels are
+continuall, &c. In these times allso were y^e great troubls raised by
+y^e Arminians, who, as they greatly mollested y^e whole state, so this
+citie in particuler, in which was y^e cheefe universitie; so as ther
+were dayly & hote disputs in y^e schooles ther aboute; and as y^he
+studients & other lerned were devided in their oppinions hearin, so were
+y^e 2. proffessors or devinitie readers them selves; the one daly
+teaching for it, y^e other against it. Which grew to that pass, that few
+of the discipls of y^e one would hear y^e other teach. But M^r.
+Robinson, though he taught thrise a weeke him selfe, & write sundrie
+books, besids his manyfould pains otherwise, yet he went constantly [15]
+to hear ther readings, and heard y^e one as well as y^e other; by which
+means he was so well grounded in y^e controversie, and saw y^e force of
+all their arguments, and knew y^e shifts of y^e adversarie, and being
+him selfe very able, none was fitter to buckle with them then him selfe,
+as appered by sundrie disputs; so as he begane to be terrible to y^e
+Arminians; which made Episcopius (y^e Arminian professor) to put forth
+his best stringth, and set forth sundrie Theses, which by publick
+dispute he would defend against all men. Now Poliander y^e other
+proffessor, and y^e cheefe preachers of y^e citie, desired M^r. Robinson
+to dispute against him; but he was loath, being a stranger; yet the
+other did importune him, and tould him y^t such was y^e abilitie and
+nimblnes of y^e adversarie, that y^e truth would suffer if he did not
+help them. So as he condescended, & prepared him selfe against the time;
+and when y^e day came, the Lord did so help him to defend y^e truth &
+foyle this adversarie, as he put him to an apparent nonplus, in this
+great & publike audience. And y^e like he did a 2. or 3. time, upon such
+like occasions. The which as it caused many to praise God y^t the trueth
+had so famous victory, so it procured him much honour & respecte from
+those lerned men & others which loved y^e trueth. Yea, so farr were they
+from being weary of him & his people, or desiring their absence, as it
+was said by some, of no mean note, that were it not for giveing offence
+to y^e state of England, they would have preferd him otherwise if he
+would, and alowd them some publike favour. Yea when ther was speech of
+their remoovall into these parts, sundrie of note & eminencie of y^t
+nation would have had them come under them, and for y^t end made them
+large offers. Now though I might aledg many other perticulers & examples
+of the like kinde, to shew y^e untruth & unlicklyhode of this slander,
+yet these shall suffice, seeing it was beleeved of few, being only
+raised by y^e malice of some, who laboured their disgrace.
+
+
+
+
+The 4. Chap.
+
+_Showing y^e reasons & causes of their remoovall._
+
+
+After they had lived in this citie about some 11. or 12. years, (which
+is y^e more observable being y^e whole time of y^t famose truce between
+that state & y^e Spaniards,) and sundrie of them were taken away by
+death, & many others begane to be well striken in years, the grave
+mistris Experience haveing taught them many things, [16] those prudent
+governours with sundrie of y^e sagest members begane both deeply to
+apprehend their present dangers, & wisely to foresee y^e future, &
+thinke of timly remedy. In y^e agitation of their thoughts, and much
+discours of things hear aboute, at length they began to incline to this
+conclusion, of remoovall to some other place. Not out of any
+newfanglednes, or other such like giddie humor, by which men are
+oftentimes transported to their great hurt & danger, but for sundrie
+weightie & solid reasons; some of y^e cheefe of which I will hear
+breefly touch. And first, they saw & found by experience the hardnes of
+y^e place & countrie to be such, as few in comparison would come to
+them, and fewer that would bide it out, and continew with them. For many
+y^t came to them, and many more y^t desired to be with them, could not
+endure y^t great labor and hard fare, with other inconveniences which
+they underwent & were contented with. But though they loved their
+persons, approved their cause, and honoured their sufferings, yet they
+left them as it weer weeping, as Orpah did her mother in law Naomie, or
+as those Romans did Cato in Utica, who desired to be excused & borne
+with, though they could not all be Catoes. For many, though they desired
+to injoye y^e ordinances of God in their puritie, and y^e libertie of
+the gospell with them, yet, alass, they admitted of bondage, with danger
+of conscience, rather then to indure these hardships; yea, some
+preferred & chose y^e prisons in England, rather then this libertie in
+Holland, with these afflictions. But it was thought that if a better and
+easier place of living could be had, it would draw many, & take away
+these discouragments. Yea, their pastor would often say, that many of
+those w^o both wrate & preached now against them, if they were in a
+place wher they might have libertie and live comfortably, they would
+then practise as they did.
+
+2^ly. They saw that though y^e people generally bore all these
+difficulties very cherfully, & with a resolute courage, being in y^e
+best & strength of their years, yet old age began to steale on many of
+them, (and their great & continuall labours, with other crosses and
+sorrows, hastened it before y^e time,) so as it was not only probably
+thought, but apparently seen, that within a few years more they would be
+in danger to scatter, by necessities pressing them, or sinke under their
+burdens, or both. And therfore according to y^e devine proverb, y^t a
+wise man seeth y^e plague when it cometh, & hideth him selfe, Pro. 22.
+3., so they like skillfull & beaten souldiers were fearfull either to be
+intrapped or surrounded by their enimies, so as they should neither be
+able to fight nor flie; and therfor thought it better to dislodge
+betimes to some place of better advantage & less danger, if any such
+could be found. [16] Thirdly; as necessitie was a taskmaster over them,
+so they were forced to be such, not only to their servants, but in a
+sorte, to their dearest chilldren; the which as it did not a litle wound
+y^e tender harts of many a loving father & mother, so it produced
+likwise sundrie sad & sorowful effects. For many of their children, that
+were of best dispositions and gracious inclinations, haveing lernde to
+bear y^e yoake in their youth, and willing to bear parte of their
+parents burden, were, often times, so oppressed with their hevie
+labours, that though their minds were free and willing, yet their bodies
+bowed under y^e weight of y^e same, and became decreped in their early
+youth; the vigor of nature being consumed in y^e very budd as it were.
+But that which was more lamentable, and of all sorowes most heavie to be
+borne, was that many of their children, by these occasions, and y^e
+great licentiousnes of youth in y^t countrie, and y^e manifold
+temptations of the place, were drawne away by evill examples into
+extravagante & dangerous courses, getting y^e raines off their neks, &
+departing from their parents. Some became souldiers, others tooke upon
+them farr viages by sea, and other some worse courses, tending to
+dissolutnes & the danger of their soules, to y^e great greefe of their
+parents and dishonour of God. So that they saw their posteritie would be
+in danger to degenerate & be corrupted.
+
+Lastly, (and which was not least,) a great hope & inward zeall they had
+of laying some good foundation, or at least to make some way therunto,
+for y^e propagating & advancing y^e gospell of y^e kingdom of Christ in
+those remote parts of y^e world; yea, though they should be but even as
+stepping-stones unto others for y^e performing of so great a work.
+
+These, & some other like reasons, moved them to undertake this
+resolution of their removall; the which they afterward prosecuted with
+so great difficulties, as by the sequell will appeare.
+
+The place they had thoughts on was some of those vast & unpeopled
+countries of America, which are frutfull & fitt for habitation, being
+devoyd of all civill inhabitants, wher ther are only salvage & brutish
+men, which range up and downe, litle otherwise then y^e wild beasts of
+the same. This proposition being made publike and coming to y^e scaning
+of all, it raised many variable opinions amongst men, and caused many
+fears & doubts amongst them selves. Some, from their reasons & hops
+conceived, laboured to stirr up & incourage the rest to undertake &
+prosecute y^e same; others, againe, out of their fears, objected against
+it, & sought to diverte from it, aledging many things, and those neither
+unreasonable nor unprobable; as that it was a great designe, and
+subjecte to many unconceivable perills & dangers; as, besids the
+casulties of y^e seas (which none can be freed from) the length of y^e
+vioage was such, as y^e weake bodys of women and other persons worne out
+with age & traville (as many of them were) could never be able to
+endure. And yet if they should, the miseries of y^e land which they
+should be [17] exposed unto, would be to hard to be borne; and lickly,
+some or all of them togeither, to consume & utterly to ruinate them. For
+ther they should be liable to famine, and nakednes, & y^e wante, in a
+maner, of all things. The chang of aire, diate, & drinking of water,
+would infecte their bodies with sore sickneses, and greevous diseases.
+And also those which should escape or overcome these difficulties,
+should yett be in continuall danger of y^e salvage people, who are
+cruell, barbarous, & most trecherous, being most furious in their rage,
+and merciles wher they overcome; not being contente only to kill, & take
+away life, but delight to tormente men in y^e most bloodie ma[=n]er that
+may be; fleaing some alive with y^e shells of fishes, cutting of y^e
+members & joynts of others by peesmeale, and broiling on y^e coles, eate
+y^e collops of their flesh in their sight whilst they live; with other
+cruelties horrible to be related. And surely it could not be thought but
+y^e very hearing of these things could not but move y^e very bowels of
+men to grate within them, and make y^e weake to quake & tremble. It was
+furder objected, that it would require greater su[=m]es of money to
+furnish such a voiage, and to fitt them with necessaries, then their
+consumed estats would amounte too; and yett they must as well looke to
+be seconded with supplies, as presently to be tr[=a]sported. Also many
+presidents of ill success, & lamentable misseries befalne others in the
+like designes, were easie to be found, and not forgotten to be aledged;
+besids their owne experience, in their former troubles & hardships in
+their removall into Holand, and how hard a thing it was for them to live
+in that strange place, though it was a neighbour countrie, & a civill
+and rich comone wealth.
+
+It was answered, that all great & honourable actions are accompanied
+with great difficulties, and must be both enterprised and overcome with
+answerable courages. It was granted y^e dangers were great, but not
+desperate; the difficulties were many, but not invincible. For though
+their were many of them likly, yet they were not cartaine; it might be
+sundrie of y^e things feared might never befale; others by providente
+care & y^e use of good means, might in a great measure be prevented; and
+all of them, through y^e help of God, by fortitude and patience, might
+either be borne, or overcome. True it was, that such atempts were not to
+be made and undertaken without good ground & reason; not rashly or
+lightly as many have done for curiositie or hope of gaine, &c. But their
+condition was not ordinarie; their ends were good & honourable; their
+calling lawfull, & urgente; and therfore they might expecte y^e blessing
+of God in their proceding. Yea, though they should loose their lives in
+this action, yet might they have comforte in the same, and their
+endeavors would be honourable. They lived hear but as men in exile, & in
+a poore condition; and as great miseries might possibly befale them in
+this place, for y^e 12. years of truce were now out, & ther was nothing
+but beating of drumes, and preparing for warr, the events wherof are
+allway uncertaine. Y^e Spaniard might prove as cruell as [18] the
+salvages of America, and y^e famine and pestelence as sore hear as ther,
+& their libertie less to looke out for remedie. After many other
+perticuler things answered & aledged on both sids, it was fully
+concluded by y^e major parte, to put this designe in execution, and to
+prosecute it by the best means they could.
+
+
+
+
+The 5. Chap.
+
+_Shewing what means they used for preparation to this waightie vioag._
+
+
+And first after thir humble praiers unto God for his direction &
+assistance, & a generall conferrence held hear aboute, they consulted
+what perticuler place to pitch upon, & prepare for. Some (& none of y^e
+meanest) had thoughts & were ernest for Guiana, or some of those fertill
+places in those hott climats; others were for some parts of Virginia,
+wher y^e English had all ready made enterance, & begining. Those for
+Guiana aledged that the cuntrie was rich, fruitfull, & blessed with a
+perpetuall spring, and a florishing greenes; where vigorous nature
+brought forth all things in abundance & plentie without any great labour
+or art of man. So as it must needs make y^e inhabitants rich, seing less
+provisions of clothing and other things would serve, then in more
+coulder & less frutfull countries must be had. As also y^t the Spaniards
+(having much more then they could possess) had not yet planted there,
+nor any where very near y^e same. But to this it was answered, that out
+of question y^e countrie was both frutfull and pleasante, and might
+yeeld riches & maintenance to y^e possessors, more easily then y^e
+other; yet, other things considered, it would not be so fitt for them.
+And first, y^t such hott countries are subject to greevuos diseases,
+and many noysome impediments, which other more temperate places are
+freer from, and would not so well agree with our English bodys. Againe,
+if they should ther live, & doe well, the jealous Spaniard would never
+suffer them long, but would displante or overthrow them, as he did y^e
+French in Florida, who were seated furder from his richest countries;
+and the sooner because they should have none to protect them, & their
+owne strength would be too smale to resiste so potent an enemie, & so
+neare a neighbor.
+
+On y^e other hand, for Virginia it was objected, that if they lived
+among y^e English w^ch wear ther planted, or so near them as to be under
+their goverment, they should be in as great danger to be troubled and
+persecuted for the cause of religion, as if they lived in England, and
+it might be worse. And if they lived too farr of, they should neither
+have succour, nor defence from them.
+
+But at length y^e conclusion was, to live as a distincte body by them
+selves, under y^e generall Goverment of Virginia; and by their freinds
+to sue to his majestie that he would be pleased to grant them freedome
+of Religion; and y^t this might be obtained, they wear putt in good hope
+by some great persons, of good ranke & qualitie, that were made their
+freinds. Whereupon 2. were chosen [19] & sent in to England (at y^e
+charge of y^e rest) to sollicite this matter, who found the Virginia
+Company very desirous to have them goe thither, and willing to grante
+them a patent, with as ample priviliges as they had, or could grant to
+any, and to give them the best furderance they could. And some of y^e
+cheefe of y^t company douted not to obtaine their suite of y^e king for
+liberty in Religion, and to have it confirmed under y^e kings broad
+seale, according to their desires. But it prooved a harder peece of
+worke then they tooke it for; for though many means were used to bring
+it aboute, yet it could not be effected; for ther were diverse of good
+worth laboured with the king to obtaine it, (amongst whom was one of his
+cheefe secretaries,[L]) and some other wrought with y^e archbishop to
+give way therunto; but it proved all in vaine. Yet thus farr they
+prevailed, in sounding his majesties mind, that he would connive at
+them, & not molest them, provided they carried them selves peacably. But
+to allow or tolerate them by his publick authoritie, under his seale,
+they found it would not be. And this was all the cheefe of y^e Virginia
+companie or any other of their best freinds could doe in the case. Yet
+they perswaded them to goe on, for they presumed they should not be
+troubled. And with this answer y^e messengers returned, and signified
+what diligence had bene used, and to what issue things were come.
+
+But this made a dampe in y^e busines, and caused some distraction, for
+many were afraid that if they should unsetle them selves, & put of their
+estates, and goe upon these hopes, it might prove dangerous, and but a
+sandie foundation. Yea, it was thought they might better have presumed
+hear upon without makeing any suite at all, then, haveing made it, to be
+thus rejected. But some of y^e cheefest thought other wise, and y^t they
+might well proceede hereupon, & that y^e kings majestie was willing
+enough to suffer them without molestation, though for other reasons he
+would not confirme it by any publick acte. And furdermore, if ther was
+no securitie in this promise intimated, ther would be no great certainty
+in a furder confirmation of y^e same; for if after wards ther should be
+a purpose or desire to wrong them, though they had a seale as broad as
+y^e house flore, it would not serve y^e turne; for ther would be means
+enew found to recall or reverse it. Seeing therfore the course was
+probable, they must rest herein on Gods providence, as they had done in
+other things.
+
+Upon this resolution, other messengers were dispatched, to end with y^e
+Virginia Company as well as they could. And to procure [20] a patent
+with as good and ample conditions as they might by any good means
+obtaine. As also to treate and conclude with such merchants and other
+freinds as had manifested their forwardnes to provoke too and adventure
+in this vioage. For which end they had instructions given them upon
+what conditions they should proceed with them, or els to conclude
+nothing without further advice. And here it will be requisite to inserte
+a letter or too that may give light to these proceedings.
+
+_A coppie of leter from Sir Edwin Sands, directed to M^r. John Robinson
+& M^r. William Brewster._
+
+  After my hartie salutations. The agents of your congregation, Robert
+  Cushman & John Carver, have been in co[=m]unication with diverse
+  selecte gentlemen of his Majesties Counsell for Virginia; and by y^e
+  writing of 7. Articles subscribed with your names, have given them y^t
+  good degree of satisfaction, which hath caried them on with a
+  resolution to sett forward your desire in y^e best sorte y^t may be,
+  for your owne & the publick good. Divers perticulers wherof we leave
+  to their faithfull reporte; having carried them selves heere with that
+  good discretion, as is both to their owne and their credite from
+  whence they came. And wheras being to treate for a multitude of
+  people, they have requested further time to conferr with them that are
+  to be interessed in this action, aboute y^e severall particularities
+  which in y^e prosecution therof will fall out considerable, it hath
+  been very willingly assented too. And so they doe now returne unto
+  you. If therfore it may please God so to directe your desires as that
+  on your parts ther fall out no just impediments, I trust by y^e same
+  direction it shall likewise appear, that on our parte, all forwardnes
+  to set you forward shall be found in the best sorte which with reason
+  may be expected. And so I betake you with this designe (w^ch I hope
+  verily is y^e worke of God), to the gracious protection and blessing
+  of the Highest.
+
+  Your very loving freind
+  EDWIN SANDYS.
+
+  London, No[~v]b^r 12.
+  An^o 1617.
+
+_Their answer was as foloweth._
+
+  Righte Wor^pl:
+
+  Our humble duties remembred, in our owne, our messengers, and our
+  churches name, with all thankfull acknowledgmente of your singuler
+  love, expressing [21] itselfe, as otherwise, so more spetially in your
+  great care and earnest endeavor of our good in this weightie bussines
+  aboute Virginia, which y^e less able we are to requite, we shall
+  thinke our selves the more bound to commend in our prayers unto God
+  for recompence; whom, as for y^e presente you rightly behould in our
+  indeavors, so shall we not be wanting on our parts (the same God
+  assisting us) to returne all answerable fruite, and respecte unto y^e
+  labour of your love bestowed upon us. We have with y^e best speed and
+  consideration withall that we could, sett downe our requests in
+  writing, subscribed, as you willed, w^th the hands of y^e greatest
+  parte of our congregation, and have sente y^e same unto y^e Counsell
+  by our agente, & a deacon of our church, John Carver, unto whom we
+  have also requested a gentleman of our company to adyone him selfe; to
+  the care & discretion of which two, we doe referr y^e prosecuting of
+  y^e bussines. Now we perswade our selves Right Wor^pp: that we need
+  not provoke your godly & loving minde to any further or more tender
+  care of us, since you have pleased so farr to interest us in your
+  selfe, that, under God, above all persons and things in the world, we
+  relye upon you, expecting the care of your love, counsell of your
+  wisdome, & the help & countenance of your authority. Notwithstanding,
+  for your encouragmente in y^e worke, so farr as probabilities may
+  leade, we will not forbeare to mention these instances of indusmente.
+
+  1. We veryly beleeve & trust y^e Lord is with us, unto whom & whose
+  service we have given our selves in many trialls; and that he will
+  graciously prosper our indeavours according to y^e simplicitie of our
+  harts therin.
+
+  2^ly. We are well weaned from y^e delicate milke of our mother
+  countrie, and enured to y^e difficulties of a strange and hard land,
+  which yet in a great parte we have by patience overcome.
+
+  3^ly. The people are for the body of them, industrious, & frugall, we
+  thinke we may safly say, as any company of people in the world.
+
+  4^ly. We are knite togeather as a body in a most stricte & sacred bond
+  and covenante of the Lord, of the violation[M] wherof we make great
+  conscience, and by vertue wherof we doe hould our selves straitly tied
+  to all care of each others good, and of y^e whole by every one and so
+  mutually.
+
+  5. Lastly, it is not with us as with other men, whom small things can
+  discourage, or small discontentments cause to wish them selves at home
+  againe. We knowe our entertainmente in England, and in Holand; we
+  shall much prejudice both our arts & means by removall; who, if we
+  should be driven to returne, we should not hope to recover our present
+  helps and comforts, neither indeed looke ever, for our selves, to
+  attaine unto y^e like in any other place during our lives, w^ch are
+  now drawing towards their periods.
+
+  [22] These motives we have been bould to tender unto you, which you
+  in your wisdome may also imparte to any other our wor^pp: freinds of
+  y^e Counsell with you; of all whose godly dispossition and loving
+  towards our despised persons, we are most glad, & shall not faile by
+  all good means to continue & increase y^e same. We will not be further
+  troublesome, but doe, with y^e renewed remembrance of our humble
+  duties to your Wor^pp: and (so farr as in modestie we may be bould) to
+  any other of our wellwillers of the Counsell with you, we take our
+  leaves, co[=m]iting your persons and counsels to y^e guidance and
+  direction of the Almighty.
+
+  Yours much bounden in all duty,
+  JOHN ROBINSON,
+  WILLIAM BREWSTER.
+
+  Leyden, Desem: 15.
+  An^o: 1617.
+
+For further light in these proceedings see some other letters & notes as
+followeth.
+
+_The coppy of a letter sent to S^r. John Worssenham._
+
+  Right Wor^pll: with due acknowledgmente of our thankfullnse for your
+  singular care & pains in the bussines of Virginia, for our, &, we
+  hope, the co[=m]one good, we doe remember our humble dutys unto you,
+  and have sent inclosed, as is required, a further explanation of our
+  judgments in the 3. points specified by some of his majesties Hon^bl
+  Privie Counsell; and though it be greevious unto us that such unjust
+  insinuations are made against us, yet we are most glad of y^e occasion
+  of making our just purgation unto so honourable personages. The
+  declarations we have sent inclosed, the one more breefe & generall,
+  which we thinke y^e fitter to be presented; the other something more
+  large, and in which we express some smale accidentall differances,
+  which if it seeme good unto you and other of our wor^pl freinds, you
+  may send in stead of y^e former. Our prayers unto God is, y^t your
+  Wor^pp may see the frute of your worthy endeaours, which on our parts
+  we shall not faile to furder by all good means in us. And so praing
+  y^t you would please with y^e convenientest speed y^t may be, to give
+  us knowledge of y^e success of y^e bussines with his majesties Privie
+  Counsell, and accordingly what your further pleasure is, either for
+  our direction or furtherance in y^e same, so we rest
+
+  Your Wor^pp in all duty,
+  JOHN ROBINSON,
+  WILLIAM BREWSTER.
+
+  Leyden, Jan: 27.
+  An^o: 1617. old stile.
+
+_The first breefe note was this._
+
+  Touching y^e Ecclesiasticall ministrie, namly of pastores for
+  teaching, elders for ruling, & deacons for distributing y^e churches
+  contribution, as allso for y^e too Sacrements, baptisme, and y^e Lords
+  supper, we doe wholy and in all points agree [23] with y^e French
+  reformed churches, according to their publick confession of faith.
+
+  The oath of Supremacie we shall willingly take if it be required of
+  us, and that conveniente satisfaction be not given by our taking y^e
+  oath of Alleagence.
+
+  JOHN ROB:
+  WILLIAM BREWSTER.
+
+_Y^e 2. was this._
+
+  Touching y^e Ecclesiasticall ministrie, &c. as in y^e former, we agree
+  in all things with the French reformed churches, according to their
+  publick confession of faith; though some small differences be to be
+  found in our practises, not at all in y^e substance of the things, but
+  only in some accidentall circumstances.
+
+  1. As first, their ministers doe pray with their heads covered; ours
+  uncovered.
+
+  2. We chose none for Governing Elders but such as are able to teach;
+  which abilitie they doe not require.
+
+  3. Their elders & deacons are an[=u]all, or at most for 2. or 3.
+  years; ours perpetuall.
+
+  4. Our elders doe administer their office in admonitions &
+  excommunications for publick scandals, publickly & before y^e
+  congregation; theirs more privately, & in their consistories.
+
+  5. We doe administer baptisme only to such infants as wherof y^e one
+  parente, at y^e least, is of some church, which some of ther churches
+  doe not observe; though in it our practice accords with their publick
+  confession and y^e judgmente of y^e most larned amongst them.
+
+  Other differences, worthy mentioning, we know none in these points.
+  Then aboute y^e oath, as in y^e former.
+
+  Subscribed,
+  JOHN R.
+  W. B.
+
+_Part of another letter from him that delivered these._
+
+  London. Feb: 14.
+  1617.
+
+  Your letter to S^r. John Worstenholme I delivered allmost as soone as
+  I had it, to his owne hands, and staid with him y^e opening & reading.
+  Ther were 2. papers inclosed, he read them to him selfe, as also y^e
+  letter, and in y^e reading he spake to me & said, Who shall make them?
+  viz. y^e ministers; I answered his Wor^pp that y^e power of making was
+  in y^e church, to be ordained by y^e imposition of hands, by y^e
+  fittest instruments they had. It must either be in y^e church or from
+  y^e pope, & y^e pope is Antichrist. Ho! said S^r. John, what y^e pope
+  houlds good, (as in y^e Trinitie,) that we doe well to assente too;
+  but, said he, we will not enter into dispute now. And as for your
+  letters he would not show them at any hand, least he should spoyle
+  all. He expected you should have been of y^e archb[~p] minde for y^e
+  calling of ministers, but it seems you differed. I could have wished
+  to have known y^e contents of your tow inclosed, at w^ch he stuck so
+  much, espetially y^e larger. I asked his Wor^p what good news he had
+  for me to write to morrow. He tould me very good news, for both the
+  kings majestie and y^e bishops have consented. He said he would goe to
+  M^r. Chancelor, S^r. Fulk Grivell, as this day, & nexte weeke I should
+  know more. I mett S^r. Edw: Sands on Wedensday night; he wished me to
+  be at the Virginia Courte y^e nexte Wedensday, wher I purpose to be.
+  Thus loath to be troublsome at present, I hope to have somewhate nexte
+  week of certentie concerning you. I co[=m]itte you to y^e Lord. Yours,
+
+  S. B.
+
+[24] These things being long in agitation, & messengers passing too and
+againe aboute them, after all their hopes they were long delayed by many
+rubs that fell in y^e way; for at y^e returne of these messengers into
+England they found things farr otherwise then they expected. For y^e
+Virginia Counsell was now so disturbed with factions and quarrels
+amongst them selves, as no bussines could well goe forward. The which
+may the better appear in one of the messengers letters as followeth.
+
+  To his loving freinds, &c.
+
+  I had thought long since to have write unto you, but could not effecte
+  y^t which I aimed at, neither can yet sett things as I wished; yet,
+  notwithstanding, I doubt not but M^r. B. hath writen to M^r. Robinson.
+  But I thinke my selfe bound also to doe something, least I be thought
+  to neglecte you. The maine hinderance of our proseedings in y^e
+  Virginia bussines, is the dissentions and factions, as they terme it,
+  amongs y^e Counsell & Company of Virginia; which are such, as that
+  ever since we came up no busines could by them be dispatched. The
+  occasion of this trouble amongst them is, for that a while since S^r.
+  Thomas Smith, repining at his many offices & troubls, wished y^e
+  Company of Virginia to ease him of his office in being Treasurer &
+  Gover^r. of y^e Virginia Company. Wereupon y^e Company tooke occasion
+  to dismisse him, and chose S^r. Edwin Sands Treasure^r & Gover^r of
+  y^e Company. He having 60. voyces, S^r. John Worstenholme 16. voices,
+  and Alderman Johnsone 24. But S^r. Thomas Smith, when he saw some
+  parte of his honour lost, was very angrie, & raised a faction to
+  cavill & contend aboute y^e election, and sought to taxe S^r. Edwin
+  with many things that might both disgrace him, and allso put him by
+  his office of Governour. In which contentions they yet stick, and are
+  not fit nor readie to intermedle in any bussines; and what issue
+  things will come to we are not yet certaine. It is most like S^r.
+  Edwin will carrie it away, and if he doe, things will goe well in
+  Virginia; if otherwise, they will goe ill enough allways. We hope in
+  some 2. or 3. Court days things will setle. Mean space I thinke to goe
+  downe into Kente, & come up againe aboute 14. days, or 3. weeks hence;
+  except either by these afforesaid contentions, or by y^e ille tidings
+  from Virginia, we be wholy discouraged, of which tidings I am now to
+  speake.
+
+  Captaine Argoll is come home this weeke (he upon notice of y^e intente
+  of y^e Counsell, came away before S^r. Georg Yeardley came ther, and
+  so ther is no small dissention). But his tidings are ill, though his
+  person be wellcome. He saith M^r. Blackwells shipe came not ther till
+  March, but going towards winter, they had still norwest winds, which
+  carried them to the southward beyond their course. And y^e m^r of y^e
+  ship & some 6. of y^e mariners dieing, it seemed they could not find
+  y^e bay, till after long seeking & beating aboute. M^r. Blackwell is
+  dead, & M^r. Maggner, y^e Captain; yea, ther are dead, he saith, 130.
+  persons, one & other in y^t ship; it is said ther was in all an 180.
+  persons in y^e ship, so as they were packed togeather like herings.
+  They had amongst them y^e fluxe, and allso wante of fresh water; so as
+  it is hear rather wondred at y^t so many are alive, then that so many
+  are dead. The marchants hear say it was M^r. Blackwells faulte to pack
+  so many in y^e ship; yea, & ther were great mutterings & repinings
+  amongst them, and upbraiding of M^r. Blackwell, for his dealing and
+  dispossing of them, when they saw how he had dispossed of them, & how
+  he insulted over them. Yea, y^e streets at Gravsend runge of their
+  extreame quarrelings, crying out one of another, Thou hast brought me
+  to this, and, I may thanke the for this. Heavie newes it is, and I
+  would be glad to heare how farr it will discourage. I see none hear
+  discouraged much, [25] but rather desire to larne to beware by other
+  mens harmes, and to amend that wherin they have failed. As we desire
+  to serve one another in love, so take heed of being inthraled by any
+  imperious persone, espetially if they be discerned to have an eye to
+  them selves. It doth often trouble me to thinke that in this bussines
+  we are all to learne and none to teach; but better so, then to depend
+  upon such teachers as M^r. Blackwell was. Such a strategeme he once
+  made for M^r. Johnson & his people at Emden, w^ch was their
+  subversion. But though he ther clenlily (yet unhonstly) plucked his
+  neck out of y^e collar, yet at last his foote is caught. Hear are no
+  letters come, y^e ship captain Argole came in is yet in y^e west
+  parts; all y^t we hear is but his report; it seemeth he came away
+  secretly. The ship y^t M^r. Blackwell went in will be hear shortly. It
+  is as M^r. Robinson once said; he thought we should hear no good of
+  them.
+
+  M^r. B. is not well at this time; whether he will come back to you or
+  goe into y^e north, I yet know not. For my selfe, I hope to see an end
+  of this bussines ere I come, though I am sorie to be thus from you; if
+  things had gone roundly forward, I should have been with you within
+  these 14. days. I pray God directe us, and give us that spirite which
+  is fitting for such a bussines. Thus having su[=m]arily pointed at
+  things w^ch M^r. Brewster (I thinke) hath more largly write of to M^r.
+  Robinson, I leave you to the Lords protection.
+
+  Yours in all readines, &c.
+  ROBART CUSHMAN.
+
+  London, May 8.
+  An^o: 1619.
+
+A word or tow by way of digression touching this M^r. Blackwell; he was
+an elder of y^e church at Amsterdam, a man well known of most of them.
+He declined from y^e trueth w^th M^r. Johnson & y^e rest, and went with
+him when y^ey parted assunder in y^t wofull maner, w^ch brought so great
+dishonour to God, scandall to y^e trueth, & outward ruine to them selves
+in this world. But I hope, notwithstanding, through y^e mercies of y^e
+Lord, their souls are now at rest with him in y^e heavens, and y^t they
+are arrived in y^e Haven of hapines; though some of their bodies were
+thus buried in y^e terrable seas, and others sunke under y^e burthen of
+bitter afflictions. He with some others had prepared for to goe to
+Virginia. And he, with sundrie godly citizens, being at a private
+me[=e]ing (I take it a fast) in London, being discovered, many of them
+were apprehended, wherof M^r. Blackwell was one; but he so glosed w^th
+y^e b[~p]s,[N] and either dissembled or flatly denyed y^e trueth which
+formerly he had maintained; and not only so, but very unworthily
+betrayed and accused another godly man who had escaped, that so he
+might slip his own neck out of y^e collar, & to obtaine his owne
+freedome brought others into bonds. Wherupon he so wone y^e b[~p]s
+favour (but lost y^e Lord's) as he was not only dismiste, but in open
+courte y^e arch-bishop gave him great applause and his sollemne blessing
+to proseed in his vioage. But if such events follow y^e b[~p]s blessing,
+happie are they y^t misse y^e same; it is much better to keepe a good
+conscience and have y^e Lords blessing, whether in life or death.
+
+But see how y^e man thus apprehended by M^r. Blackwells means, writs to
+a freind of his.
+
+  Right dear friend & christian brother, _M^r. Carver_, I salute you &
+  yours in y^e Lord, &c. As for my owne presente condition, I doubt not
+  but you well understand it ere this by our brother Maistersone, who
+  should have tasted of y^e same cupp, had his place of residence & his
+  person been as well knowne as my selfe. Some what I have written to
+  _M^r. Cushman_ how y^e matter _still continues_. I have petitioned
+  _twise_ to M^r. Sherives, and _once_ to my Lord Cooke, and have used
+  such reasons to move them to pittie, that if they were not overruled
+  by some others, I suppose I should soone gaine my libertie; as that I
+  was a yonge man living by my [26] credite, indebted to diverse in our
+  citie, living at more then ordinarie charges in a close & tedious
+  prison; besids great rents abroad, all my bussines lying still, my
+  only servante lying lame in y^e countrie, my wife being also great
+  with child. And yet no answer till y^e lords of his majesties Counsell
+  gave consente. Howbeit, M^r. Blackwell, a man as deepe in this action
+  as I, was delivered at a cheaper rate, with a great deale less adoe;
+  yea, with an addition of y^e Arch[~p]: blessing. I am sorie for M^r.
+  Blackwels weaknes, I wish it may prove no worse. But yet he & some
+  others of them, _before their going_, were not sorie, but thought it
+  was for y^e best that I was nominated, not because y^e Lord sanctifies
+  evill to good, but that y^e action was good, yea for y^e best. One
+  reason I well remember he used was, because this trouble would
+  encrease y^e Virginia plantation, in that now people begane to be more
+  generally inclined to goe; and if he had not nomminated some such as
+  I, he had not bene free, being it was knowne that diverse citizens
+  besids them selves were ther. I expecte an answer shortly what they
+  intende conscerning me; I purpose to write to some others of you, by
+  whom you shall know the certaintie. Thus not haveing further at
+  present to acquaint you withall, co[=m]ending myselfe to your prairs,
+  I cease, & co[=m]itte you and us all to y^e Lord.
+
+  From my chamber in Wodstreete Compter.
+  Your freind, & brother in bonds,
+  SABIN STARESMORE.
+
+  Sept^r: 4. An^o: 1618.
+
+But thus much by y^e way, which may be of instruction & good use.
+
+But at last, after all these things, and their long attendance, they had
+a patent granted them, and confirmed under y^e Companies seale; but
+these devissions and distractions had shaken of many of ther pretended
+freinds, and disappointed them of much of their hoped for & proffered
+means. By the advise of some freinds this pattente was not taken in y^e
+name of any of their owne, but in y^e name of Mr. John Wincob (a
+religious gentleman then belonging to y^e Countess of Lincoline), who
+intended to goe with them. But God so disposed as he never went, nor
+they ever made use of this patente, which had cost them so much labour
+and charge, as by y^e sequell will appeare. This patente being sente
+over for them to veiw & consider, as also the passages aboute y^e
+propossitions between them & such marchants & freinds as should either
+goe or adventure with them, and espetially with those[O] on whom y^ey
+did cheefly depend for shipping and means, whose proffers had been
+large, they were requested to fitt and prepare them selves with all
+speed. A right emblime, it may be, of y^e uncertine things of this
+world; y^t when men have toyld them selves for them, they vanish into
+smoke.
+
+
+
+
+The 6. Chap.
+
+_Conscerning y^e agreements and artickles between them, and such
+marchants & others as adventured moneys; with other things falling out
+aboute making their provissions._
+
+
+Upon y^e receite of these things by one of their messengers, they had a
+sollemne meeting and a day of humilliation to seeke y^e Lord for his
+direction; and their pastor tooke this texte, 1 _Sam_. 23. 3, 4. _And
+David's men said unto him, see, we be afraid hear in Judah, how much
+more if we come to Keilah against the host of the Phillistines? Then
+David asked counsell of y^e Lord againe, &c._ From which texte he taught
+many things very aptly, and befitting ther present occasion and
+condition, strengthing them against their fears and perplexities, and
+incouraging them in their resolutions. [27] After which they concluded
+both what number and what persons should prepare them selves to goe with
+y^e first; for all y^t were willing to have gone could not gett ready
+for their other affairs in so shorte a time; neither if all could have
+been ready, had ther been means to have trasported them alltogeather.
+Those that staied being y^e greater number required y^e pastor to stay
+with them; and indeede for other reasons he could not then well goe, and
+so it was y^e more easilie yeelded unto. The other then desired y^e
+elder, M^r. Brewster, to goe with them, which was also condescended
+unto. It was also agreed on by mutuall consente and covenante, that
+those that went should be an absolute church of them selves, as well as
+those y^t staid; seing in such a dangrous vioage, and a removall to such
+a distance, it might come to pass they should (for y^e body of them)
+never meete againe in this world; yet with this proviso, that as any of
+y^e rest came over to them, or of y^e other returned upon occasion, they
+should be reputed as members without any further dismission or
+testimoniall. It was allso promised to those y^t wente first, by y^e
+body of y^e rest, that if y^e Lord gave them life, & me[=a]s, &
+opportunitie, they would come to them as soone as they could.
+
+Aboute this time, whilst they were perplexed with y^e proseedings of
+y^e Virginia Company, & y^e ill news from thence aboute M^r. Blackwell &
+his company, and making inquirey about y^e hiring & buying of shiping
+for their vioage, some Dutchmen made them faire offers aboute goeing
+with them. Also one M^r. Thomas Weston, a m^{r}chant of London, came to
+Leyden aboute y^e same time, (who was well aquainted with some of them,
+and a furtherer of them in their former proseedings,) haveing much
+conferance w^th M^r. Robinson & other of y^e cheefe of them, perswaded
+them to goe on (as it seems) & not to medle with y^e Dutch, or too much
+to depend on the Virginia Company; for if that failed, if they came to
+resolution, he and such marchants as were his freinds (togeather with
+their owne means) would sett them forth; and they should make ready, and
+neither feare wante of shipping nor money; for what they wanted should
+be provided. And, not so much for him selfe as for y^e satisfing of such
+frends as he should procure to adventure in this bussines, they were to
+draw such articls of agreemente, and make such propossitions, as might
+y^e better induce his freinds to venture. Upon which (after y^e formere
+conclusion) articles were drawne & agreed unto, and were showne unto
+him, and approved by him; and afterwards by their messenger (M^r. John
+Carver) sent into England, who, togeather with Robart Cushman, were to
+receive y^e moneys & make provissione both for shiping & other things
+for y^e vioage; with this charge, not to exseede their co[=m]ission, but
+to proseed according to y^e former articles. Also some were chossen to
+doe y^e like for such things as were to be prepared there; so those that
+weare to goe, prepared them selves with all speed, and sould of their
+estats and (such as were able) put in their moneys into y^e commone
+stock, which was disposed by those appointed, for y^e making of generall
+provissions. Aboute this time also they had heard, both by M^r. Weston
+and others, y^t sundrie Hon^bl: Lords had obtained a large grante from
+y^e king, for y^e more northerly parts of that countrie, derived out of
+y^e Virginia patente, and wholy secluded from their Govermente, and to
+be called by another name, viz. New-England. Unto which M^r. Weston, and
+y^e cheefe of them, begane to incline it was [28] best for them to goe,
+as for other reasons, so cheefly for y^e hope of present profite to be
+made by y^e fishing that was found in y^t countrie.
+
+But as in all bussineses y^e acting parte is most difficulte, espetially
+wher y^e worke of many agents must concurr, so it was found in this; for
+some of those y^t should have gone in England, fell of & would not goe;
+other marchants & freinds y^t had offered to adventure their moneys
+withdrew, and pretended many excuses. Some disliking they wente not to
+Guiana; others againe would adventure nothing excepte they wente to
+Virginia. Some againe (and those that were most relied on) fell in utter
+dislike with Virginia, and would doe nothing if they wente thither. In
+y^e midds of these distractions, they of Leyden, who had put of their
+estats, and laid out their moneys, were brought into a greate streight,
+fearing what issue these things would come too; but at length y^e
+generalitie was swaid to this latter opinion.
+
+But now another difficultie arose, for M^r. Weston and some other that
+were for this course, either for their better advantage or rather for
+y^e drawing on of others, as they pretended, would have some of those
+conditions altered y^t were first agreed on at Leyden. To which y^e 2.
+agents sent from Leyden (or at least one of them who is most charged
+with it) did consente; seeing els y^t all was like to be dashte, & y^e
+opportunitie lost, and y^t they which had put of their estats and paid
+in their moneys were in hazard to be undon. They presumed to conclude
+with y^e marchants on those termes, in some things contrary to their
+order & co[=m]ission, and without giving them notice of y^e same; yea,
+it was conceled least it should make any furder delay; which was y^e
+cause afterward of much trouble & contention.
+
+It will be meete I here inserte these conditions, which are as foloweth.
+
+  An^o: 1620. July 1.
+
+  1. The adventurers & planters doe agree, that every person that goeth
+  being aged 16. years & upward, be rated at 10^li., and ten pounds to
+  be accounted a single share.
+
+  2. That he that goeth in person, and furnisheth him selfe out with
+  10^li. either in money or other provissions, be accounted as haveing
+  20^li. in stock, and in y^e devission shall receive a double share.
+
+  3. The persons transported & y^e adventurers shall continue their
+  joynt stock & partnership togeather, y^e space of 7. years, (excepte
+  some unexpected impedimente doe cause y^e whole company to agree
+  otherwise,) during which time, all profits & benifits that are gott by
+  trade, traffick, trucking, working, fishing, or any other means of any
+  person or persons, remaine still in y^e co[=m]one stock untill y^e
+  division.
+
+  4. That at their co[=m]ing ther, they chose out such a number of fitt
+  persons, as may furnish their ships and boats for fishing upon y^e
+  sea; imploying the rest in their severall faculties upon y^e land; as
+  building houses, tilling, and planting y^e ground, & makeing shuch
+  co[=m]odities as shall be most usefull for y^e collonie.
+
+  5. That at y^e end of y^e 7. years, y^e capitall & profits, viz. the
+  houses, lands, goods and chatles, be equally devided betwixte y^e
+  adventurers, and planters; w^ch done, every man shall be free from
+  other of them of any debt or detrimente concerning this adventure.
+
+  [29] 6. Whosoever cometh to y^e colonie herafter, or putteth any into
+  y^e stock, shall at the ende of y^e 7. years be alowed proportionably
+  to y^e time of his so doing.
+
+  7. He that shall carie his wife & children, or servants, shall be
+  alowed for everie person now aged 16. years & upward, a single share
+  in y^e devision, or if he provid them necessaries, a duble share, or
+  if they be between 10. year old and 16., then 2. of them to be reconed
+  for a person, both in tr[=a]sportation and devision.
+
+  8. That such children as now goe, & are under y^e age of ten years,
+  have noe other shar in y^e devision, but 50. acers of unmanured land.
+
+  9. That such persons as die before y^e 7. years be expired, their
+  executors to have their parte or sharr at y^e devision, proportionably
+  to y^e time of their life in y^e collonie.
+
+  10. That all such persons as are of this collonie, are to have their
+  meate, drink, apparell, and all provissions out of y^e co[=m]on stock
+  & goods of y^e said collonie.
+
+The cheefe & principall differences betwene these & the former
+conditions, stood in those 2. points; that y^e houses, & lands improved,
+espetialy gardens & home lotts should remaine undevided wholy to y^e
+planters at y^e 7. years end. 2^ly, y^t they should have had 2. days in
+a weeke for their owne private imploymente, for y^e more comforte of
+them selves and their families, espetialy such as had families. But
+because letters are by some wise men counted y^e best parte of
+histories, I shall shew their greevances hereaboute by their owne
+letters, in which y^e passages of things will be more truly discerned.
+
+_A letter of M^r. Robinsons to John Carver._
+
+  June 14. 1620. N. Stile.
+
+  My dear freind & brother, whom with yours I alwaise remember in my
+  best affection, and whose wellfare I shall never cease to co[=m]end to
+  God by my best & most earnest praires. You doe throwly understand by
+  our generall letters y^e estate of things hear, which indeed is very
+  pitifull; espetialy by wante of shiping, and not seeing means lickly,
+  much less certaine, of having it provided; though withall ther be
+  great want of money & means to doe needfull things. M^r. Pickering,
+  you know before this, will not defray a peny hear; though Robart
+  Cushman presumed of I know not how many 100^li. from him, & I know
+  not whom. Yet it seems strange y^t we should be put to him to receive
+  both his & his partners adventer, and yet M^r. Weston write unto him,
+  y^t in regard of it, he hath drawne upon him a 100^li. more. But ther
+  is in this some misterie, as indeed it seems ther is in y^e whole
+  course. Besids, wheras diverse are to pay in some parts of their
+  moneys yet behinde, they refuse to doe it, till they see shiping
+  provided, or a course taken for it. Neither doe I thinke is ther a man
+  hear would pay any thing, if he had againe his money in his purse. You
+  know right well we depended on M^r. Weston alone, and upon such means
+  as he would procure for this commone bussines; and when we had in hand
+  another course with y^e Dutchmen, broke it of at his motion, and upon
+  y^e conditions by him shortly after propounded. He did this in his
+  love I know, but things appeare not answerable from him hitherto. That
+  he should have first have put in his moneys, is thought by many to
+  have been but fitt, but y^t I can well excuse, he being a marchante
+  and haveing use of it to his benefite; wheras others, if it had been
+  in their hands, would have consumed it. [30] But y^t he should not but
+  have had either shipping ready before this time, or at least certaine
+  means, and course, and y^e same knowne to us for it, or have taken
+  other order otherwise, cannot in my conscience be excused. I have
+  heard y^t when he hath been moved in the bussines, he hath put it of
+  from him selfe, and referred it to y^e others;[P] and would come to
+  Georg Morton, & enquire news of him aboute things, as if he had scarce
+  been some accessarie unto it. Wether he hath failed of some helps from
+  others which he expected, and so be not well able to goe through with
+  things, or whether he hath feared least you should be ready too soone
+  & so encrease y^e charge of shiping above y^t is meete, or whether he
+  have thought by withhoulding to put us upon straits, thinking y^t
+  therby M^r. Brewer and M^r. Pickering would be drawne by importunitie
+  to doe more, or what other misterie is in it, we know not; but sure we
+  are y^t things are not answerable to such an occasion. M^r. Weston
+  maks himselfe mery with our endeavors about buying a ship, but we have
+  done nothing in this but with good reason, as I am perswaded, nor yet
+  that I know in any thing els, save in those tow; y^e one, that we
+  imployed Robart Cushman, who is known (though a good man, & of
+  spetiall abilities in his kind, yet) most unfitt to deale for other
+  men, by reason of his singularitie, and too great indifferancie for
+  any conditions, and for (to speak truly) that[Q] we have had nothing
+  from him but termes & presumptions. The other, y^t we have so much
+  relyed, by implicite faith as it were, upon generalities, without
+  seeing y^e perticuler course & means for so waghtie an affaire set
+  down unto us. For shiping, M^r. Weston, it should seeme, is set upon
+  hireing, which yet I wish he may presently effecte; but I see litle
+  hope of help from hence if so it be. Of M^r. Brewer you know what to
+  expecte. I doe not thinke M^r. Pickering will ingage, excepte in y^e
+  course of buying, in former letters specified. Aboute y^e conditions,
+  you have our reasons for our judgments of what is agreed. And let this
+  spetially be borne in minde, y^t the greatest parte of y^e Collonie is
+  like to be imployed constantly, not upon dressing ther perticuler land
+  & building houses, but upon fishing, trading, &c. So as y^e land &
+  house will be but a trifell for advantage to y^e adventurers, and yet
+  the devission of it a great discouragmente to y^e planters, who would
+  with singuler care make it comfortable with borowed houres from their
+  sleep. The same consideration of co[=m]one imploymente constantly by
+  the most is a good reason not to have y^e 2. daies in a weeke denyed
+  y^e few planters for private use, which yet is subordinate to
+  co[=m]one good. Consider also how much unfite that you & your liks
+  must serve a new prentishipe of 7. years, and not a daies freedome
+  from taske. Send me word what persons are to goe, who of usefull
+  faculties, & how many, & perticulerly of every thing. I know you wante
+  not a minde. I am sorie you have not been at London all this while,
+  but y^e provissions could not wante you. Time will suffer me to write
+  no more; fare you & yours well allways in y^e Lord, in whom I rest.
+
+  Yours to use,
+  JOHN ROBINSON.
+
+_An other letter from sundrie of them at y^e same time._
+
+  [31] To their loving freinds John Carver and Robart Cushman, these,
+  &c.
+
+  Good bretheren, after salutations, &c. We received diverse letters at
+  y^e coming of M^r. Nash & our pilott, which is a great incouragmente
+  unto us, and for whom we hop after times will minister occasion of
+  praising God; and indeed had you not sente him, many would have been
+  ready to fainte and goe backe. Partly in respecte of y^e new
+  conditions which have bene taken up by you, which all men are against,
+  and partly in regard of our owne inabillitie to doe any one of those
+  many waightie bussineses you referr to us here. For y^e former wherof,
+  wheras Robart Cushman desirs reasons for our dislike, promising
+  therupon to alter y^e same, or els saing we should thinke he hath no
+  brains, we desire him to exercise them therin, refering him to our
+  pastors former reasons, and them to y^e censure of y^e godly wise. But
+  our desires are that you will not entangle your selvs and us in any
+  such unreasonable courses as those are, viz. y^t the marchants should
+  have y^e halfe of mens houses and lands at y^e dividente; and that
+  persons should be deprived of y^e 2. days in a weeke agreed upon, yea
+  every momente of time for their owne perticuler; by reason wherof we
+  cannot conceive why any should carie servants for their own help and
+  comfort; for that we can require no more of them then all men one of
+  another. This we have only by relation from M^r. Nash, & not from any
+  writing of your owne, & therfore hope you have not proceeded farr in
+  so great a thing without us. But requiring you not to exseed the
+  bounds of your co[=m]ission, which was to proceed upon y^e things or
+  conditions agred upon and expressed in writing (at your going over
+  about it), we leave it, not without marveling, that you^r selfe, as
+  you write, knowing how smale a thing troubleth our consultations, and
+  how few, as you fear, understands the busnes aright, should trouble us
+  with such matters as these are, &c.
+
+  Salute M^r. Weston from us, in whom we hope we are not deceived; we
+  pray you make known our estate unto him, and if you thinke good shew
+  him our letters, at least tell him (y^t under God) we much relie upon
+  him & put our confidence in him; and, as your selves well know, that
+  if he had not been an adventurer with us, we had not taken it in hand;
+  presuming that if he had not seene means to accomplish it, he would
+  not have begune it; so we hope in our extremitie he will so farr help
+  us as our expectation be no way made frustrate concerning him. Since
+  therfore, good brethren, we have plainly opened y^e state of things
+  with us in this matter, you will, &c. Thus beseeching y^e Allmightie,
+  who is allsufficiente to raise us out of this depth of dificulties, to
+  assiste us herein; raising such means by his providence and fatherly
+  care for us, his pore children & servants, as we may with comforte
+  behould y^e hand of our God for good towards us in this our bussines,
+  which we undertake in his name & fear, we take leave & remaine
+
+  Your perplexed, yet hopfull
+  bretheren,
+
+  S. F.
+  E. W.
+  W. B.
+  J. A.[R]
+
+  June 10. New Stille,
+  An^o: 1620.
+
+_A letter of Robart Cushmans to them._
+
+  Brethern, I understand by letters & passagess y^t have come to me,
+  that ther are great discontents, & dislike of my proceedings amongst
+  you. Sorie I am to hear it, yet contente to beare it, as not doubting
+  but y^t partly by writing, and more principally by word when we shall
+  come togeather, I shall satisfie any reasonable man. I have been
+  perswaded [32] by some, espetialy this bearer, to come and clear
+  things unto you; but as things now stand I ca[=n]ot be absente one
+  day, excepte I should hazard all y^e viage. Neither conceive I any
+  great good would come of it. Take then, brethern, this as a step to
+  give you contente. First, for your dislike of y^e alteration of one
+  clause in y^e conditions, if you conceive it right, ther can be no
+  blame lye on me at all. For y^e articles first brought over by John
+  Carver were never seene of any of y^e adventurers hear, excepte M^r.
+  Weston, neither did any of them like them because of that clause; nor
+  M^r. Weston him selfe, after he had well considered it. But as at y^e
+  first ther was 500^li. withdrawne by S^r. Georg Farrer and his brother
+  upon that dislike, so all y^e rest would have withdrawne (M^r. Weston
+  excepted) if we had not altered y^t clause. Now whilst we at Leyden
+  conclude upon points, as we did, we reckoned without our host, which
+  was not my falte. Besids, I shewed you by a letter y^e equitie of y^t
+  condition, & our inconveniences, which might be sett against all M^r.
+  Rob: inconveniences, that without y^e alteration of y^t clause, we
+  could neither have means to gett thither, nor supplie wherby to
+  subsiste when we were ther. Yet notwithstanding all those reasons,
+  which were not mine, but other mens wiser then my selfe, without
+  answer to any one of them, here cometh over many quirimonies, and
+  complaints against me, of lording it over my brethern, and making
+  conditions fitter for theeves & bondslaves then honest men, and that
+  of my owne head I did what I list. And at last a paper of reasons,
+  framed against y^t clause in y^e conditions, which as y^ey were
+  delivered me open, so my answer is open to you all. And first, as they
+  are no other but inconveniences, such as a man might frame 20. as
+  great on y^e other side, and yet prove nor disprove nothing by them,
+  so they misse & mistake both y^e very ground of y^e article and nature
+  of y^e project. For, first, it is said, that if ther had been no
+  divission of houses & lands, it had been better for y^e poore. True,
+  and y^t showeth y^e inequalitie of y^e condition; we should more
+  respecte him y^t ventureth both his money and his person, then him y^t
+  ventureth but his person only.
+
+  2. Consider wheraboute we are, not giveing almes, but furnishing a
+  store house; no one shall be porer then another for 7. years, and if
+  any be rich, none can be pore. At y^e least, we must not in such
+  bussines crie, Pore, pore, mercie, mercie. Charitie hath it life in
+  wraks, not in venturs; you are by this most in a hopefull pitie of
+  makeing, therfore complaine not before you have need.
+
+  3. This will hinder y^e building of good and faire houses, contrarie
+  to y^e advise of pollitiks. A. So we would have it; our purpose is to
+  build for y^e presente such houses as, if need be, we may with litle
+  greefe set a fire, and rune away by the lighte; our riches shall not
+  be in pompe, but in strenght; if God send us riches, we will imploye
+  them to provid more men, ships, munition, &c. You may see it amongst
+  the best pollitiks, that a co[=m]onwele is readier to ebe then to
+  flow, when once fine houses and gay cloaths come up.
+
+  4. The Gove^t may prevente excess in building. A. But if it be on all
+  men beforehand resolved on, to build mean houses, y^e Gove^r laboure
+  is spared.
+
+  5. All men are not of one condition. A. If by condition you mean
+  wealth, you are mistaken; if you mean by condition, qualities, then I
+  say he that is not contente his neighbour shall have as good a house,
+  fare, means, &c. as him selfe, is not of a good qualitie. 2^ly. Such
+  retired persons, as have aneie only to them selves, are fitter to
+  come wher catching is, then closing; and are fitter to live alone,
+  then in any societie, either civill or religious.
+
+  6. It will be of litle value, scarce worth 5^li. A. True, it may be
+  not worth halfe 5^li. [33] If then so smale a thing will content them,
+  why strive we thus aboute it, and give them occasion to suspecte us to
+  be worldly & covetous? I will not say what I have heard since these
+  complaints came first over.
+
+  7. Our freinds with us y^t adventure mind not their owne profite, as
+  did y^e old adventurers. A. Then they are better then we, who for a
+  litle matter of profite are readie to draw back, and it is more
+  apparente brethern looke too it, that make profite your maine end;
+  repente of this, els goe not least you be like Jonas to Tarshis. 2^ly.
+  Though some of them mind not their profite, yet others doe mind it;
+  and why not as well as we? venturs are made by all sorts of men, and
+  we must labour to give them all contente, if we can.
+
+  8. It will break y^e course of co[=m]unitie, as may be showed by many
+  reasons. A. That is but said, and I say againe, it will best foster
+  comunion, as may be showed by many reasons.
+
+  9. Great profite is like to be made by trucking, fishing, &c. A. As it
+  is better for them, so for us; for halfe is ours, besids our living
+  still upon it, and if such profite in y^t way come, our labour shall
+  be y^e less on y^e land, and our houses and lands must & will be of
+  less value.
+
+  10. Our hazard is greater then theirs. A. True, but doe they put us
+  upon it? doe they urge or egg us? hath not y^e motion & resolution
+  been always in our selves? doe they any more then in seeing us
+  resolute if we had means, help us to means upon equall termes &
+  conditions? If we will not goe, they are content to keep their moneys.
+  Thus I have pointed at a way to loose those knots, which I hope you
+  will consider seriously, and let me have no more stirre about them.
+
+  Now furder, I hear a noise of slavish conditions by me made; but
+  surly this is all that I have altered, and reasons I have sent you. If
+  you mean it of y^e 2. days in a week for perticuler, as some
+  insinuate, you are deceived; you may have 3. days in a week for me if
+  you will. And when I have spoken to y^e adventurers of times of
+  working, they have said they hope we are men of discretion &
+  conscience, and so fitte to be trusted our selves with that. But
+  indeed y^e ground of our proceedings at Leyden was mistaken, and so
+  here is nothing but tottering every day, &c.
+
+  As for them of Amsterdam I had thought they would as soone have gone
+  to Rome as with us; for our libertie is to them as ratts bane, and
+  their riggour as bad to us as y^e Spanish Inquision. If any practise
+  of mine discourage them, let them yet draw back; I will undertake they
+  shall have their money againe presently paid hear. Or if the company
+  thinke me to be y^e Jonas, let them cast me of before we goe; I shall
+  be content to stay with good will, having but the cloaths on my back;
+  only let us have quietnes, and no more of these clamors; full litle
+  did I expecte these things which are now come to pass, &c.
+
+  Yours,
+  R. CUSHMAN.
+
+But whether this letter of his ever came to their hands at Leyden I well
+know not; I rather thinke it was staied by M^r. Carver & kept by him,
+forgiving offence. But this which follows was ther received; both which
+I thought pertenent to recite.
+
+_Another of his to y^e aforesaid, June_ 11. 1620.[S]
+
+  Salutations, &c. I received your l[~e]r. yesterday, by John Turner,
+  with another y^e same day from Amsterdam by M^r. W. savouring of y^e
+  place whenc it came. And indeed the many discouragements I find her,
+  togeather with y^e demurrs and retirings ther, had made me to say, I
+  would give up my accounts to John Carver, & at his comeing aquainte
+  him fully with all courses, and so leave it quite, with only y^e pore
+  cloaths on my back. But gathering up my selfe by further
+  consideration, [34] I resolved yet to make one triall more, and to
+  aquainte M^r. Weston with y^e fainted state of our bussines; and
+  though he hath been much discontented at some thing amongst us of
+  late, which hath made him often say, that save for his promise, he
+  would not meadle at all with y^e bussines any more, yet considering
+  how farr we were plunged into maters, & how it stood both on our
+  credits & undoing, at y^e last he gathered up him selfe a litle more,
+  & coming to me 2. hours after, he tould me he would not yet leave it.
+  And so advising togeather we resolved to hire a ship, and have tooke
+  liking of one till Monday, about 60. laste, for a greater we cannot
+  gett, excepte it be tow great; but a fine ship it is. And seeing our
+  neer freinds ther are so streite lased, we hope to assure her without
+  troubling them any further; and if y^e ship fale too small, it fitteth
+  well y^t such as stumble at strawes allready, may rest them ther a
+  while, least worse blocks come in y^e way ere 7. years be ended. If
+  you had beaten this bussines so throuly a month agoe, and write to us
+  as now you doe, we could thus have done much more conveniently. But it
+  is as it is; I hope our freinds ther, if they be quitted of the ship
+  hire, will be indusced to venture y^e more. All y^t I now require is
+  y^t salt and netts may ther be boughte, and for all y^e rest we will
+  here provid it; yet if that will not be, let them but stand for it a
+  month or tow, and we will take order to pay it all. Let M^r.
+  _Reinholds_ tarie ther, and bring y^e ship to Southampton. We have
+  hired another pilote here, one M^r. _Clarke_, who went last year to
+  Virginia with a ship of kine.
+
+  You shall here distinctly by John Turner, who I thinke shall come
+  hence on Tewsday night. I had thought to have come with him, to have
+  answerd to my complaints; but I shal lerne to pass litle for their
+  censurs; and if I had more minde to goe & dispute & expostulate with
+  them, then I have care of this waightie bussines, I were like them who
+  live by clamours & jangling. But neither my mind nor my body is at
+  libertie to doe much, for I am fettered with bussines, and had rather
+  study to be quiet, then to make answer to their exceptions. If men be
+  set on it, let them beat y^e eair; I hope such as are my sinceire
+  freinds will not thinke but I can give some reason of my actions. But
+  of your mistaking aboute y^e mater, & other things tending to this
+  bussines, I shall nexte informe you more distinctly. Mean space
+  entreate our freinds not to be too bussie in answering matters, before
+  they know them. If I doe such things as I ca[=n]ot give reasons for,
+  it is like you have sett a foole aboute your bussines, and so turne
+  y^e reproofe to your selves, & send an other, and let me come againe
+  to my Combes. But setting a side my naturall infirmities, I refuse not
+  to have my cause judged, both of God, & all indifferent men; and when
+  we come togeather I shall give accounte of my actions hear. The Lord,
+  who judgeth justly without respect of persons, see into y^e equitie of
+  my cause, and give us quiet, peacable, and patient minds, in all these
+  turmoiles, and sanctifie unto us all crosses whatsoever. And so I take
+  my leave of you all, in all love & affection.
+
+  I hope we shall gett all hear ready in 14. days.
+
+  Your pore brother,
+  ROBART CUSHMAN.
+
+  June 11. 1620.
+
+
+Besids these things, ther fell out a differance amongs those 3. that
+received [35] the moneys & made y^e provissions in England; for besids
+these tow formerly mentioned sent from Leyden for this end, viz. M^r.
+Carver & Robart Cushman, ther was one chosen in England to be joyned
+with them, to make y^e provisions for y^e vioage; his name was M^r.
+Martin, he came from Billirike in Essexe, from which parts came sundrie
+others to goe with them, as also from London & other places; and
+therfore it was thought meete & conveniente by them in Holand that these
+strangers that were to goe with them, should apointe one thus to be
+joyned with them, not so much for any great need of their help, as to
+avoyd all susspition, or jelosie of any partiallitie. And indeed their
+care for giving offence, both in this & other things afterward, turned
+to great inconvenience unto them, as in y^e sequell will apeare; but
+however it shewed their equall & honest minds. The provissions were for
+y^e most parte made at Southhamton, contrarie to M^r. Westons & Robert
+Cushm[=a]s mind (whose counsells did most concure in all things). A
+touch of which things I shall give in a letter of his to M^r. Carver,
+and more will appear afterward.
+
+  To his loving freind M^r. John Carver, these, &c.
+
+  Loving freind, I have received from you some letters, full of
+  affection & complaints, and what it is you would have of me I know
+  not; for your crieing out, Negligence, negligence, negligence, I
+  marvell why so negligente a man was used in y^e bussines. Yet know you
+  y^t all that I have power to doe hear, shall not be one hower behind,
+  I warent you. You have reference to M^r. Weston to help us with money,
+  more then his adventure; wher he protesteth but for his promise, he
+  would not have done any thing. He saith we take a heady course, and
+  is offended y^t our provissions are made so farr of; as also that he
+  was not made aquainted with our quantitie of things; and saith y^t in
+  now being in 3. places, so farr remote, we will, with going up &
+  downe, and wrangling & expostulating, pass over y^e so[=m]er before we
+  will goe. And to speake y^e trueth, ther is fallen already amongst us
+  a flatt schisme; and we are redier to goe to dispute, then to sett
+  forwarde a voiage. I have received from Leyden since you wente 3. or
+  4. letters directed to you, though they only conscerne me. I will not
+  trouble you with them. I always feared y^e event of y^e Amsterdamers
+  striking in with us. I trow you must exco[=m]unicate me, or els you
+  must goe without their companie, or we shall wante no quareling; but
+  let them pass. We have reckoned, it should seeme, without our host;
+  and, counting upon a 150. persons, ther cannot be founde above
+  1200^li. & odd moneys of all y^e venturs you can reckone, besids some
+  cloath, stockings, & shoes, which are not counted; so we shall come
+  shorte at least 3. or 400^li. I would have had some thing shortened at
+  first of beare & other provissions in hope of other adventurs, & now
+  we could have, both in Amsterd: & Kente, beere inough to serve our
+  turne, but now we cannot accept it without prejudice. You fear we have
+  begune to build & shall not be able to make an end; indeed, our
+  courses were never established by counsell, we may therfore justly
+  fear their standing. Yea, ther was a [36] schisme amongst us 3. at y^e
+  first. You wrote to M^r. Martin, to prevente y^e making of y^e
+  provissions in Kente, which he did, and sett downe his resolution how
+  much he would have of every thing, without respecte to any counsell or
+  exception. Surely he y^t is in a societie & yet regards not counsell,
+  may better be a king then a consorte. To be short, if ther be not some
+  other dispossition setled unto then yet is, we y^t should be partners
+  of humilitie and peace, shall be examples of jangling & insulting. Yet
+  your money which you ther must have, we will get provided for you
+  instantly. 500^li. you say will serve; for y^e rest which hear & in
+  Holand is to be used, we may goe scratch for it. For M^r.[T] Crabe, of
+  whom you write, he hath promised to goe with us, yet I tell you I
+  shall not be without feare till I see him shipped, for he is much
+  opposed, yet I hope he will not faile. Thinke y^e best of all, and
+  bear with patience what is wanting, and y^e Lord guid us all.
+
+  Your loving freind,
+  ROBART CUSHMAN.
+
+  London, June 10.
+  An^o: 1620.
+
+
+I have bene y^e larger in these things, and so shall crave leave in some
+like passages following, (thoug in other things I shal labour to be more
+contracte,) that their children may see with what difficulties their
+fathers wrastled in going throug these things in their first
+begi[=n]ings, and how God brought them along notwithstanding all their
+weaknesses & infirmities. As allso that some use may be made hereof in
+after times by others in such like waightie imployments; and herewith I
+will end this chapter.
+
+
+
+
+The 7. Chap.
+
+_Of their departure from Leyden, and other things ther aboute, with
+their arivall at South hamton, were they all mete togeather, and tooke
+in ther provissions._
+
+
+At length, after much travell and these debats, all things were got
+ready and provided. A smale ship[U] was bought, & fitted in Holand,
+which was intended as to serve to help to transport them, so to stay in
+y^e cuntrie and atend upon fishing and shuch other affairs as might be
+for y^e good & benefite of y^e colonie when they came ther. Another was
+hired at London, of burden about 9. score; and all other things gott in
+readines. So being ready to departe, they had a day of solleme
+humiliation, their pastor taking his texte from Ezra 8. 21. _And ther at
+y^e river, by Ahava, I proclaimed a fast, that we might humble ourselves
+before our God, and seeke of him a right way for us, and for our
+children, and for all our substance._ Upon which he spente a good parte
+of y^e day very profitably, and suitable to their presente occasion. The
+rest of the time was spente in powering out prairs to y^e Lord with
+great fervencie, mixed with abundance of tears. And y^e time being come
+that they must departe, they were accompanied with most of their
+brethren out of y^e citie, unto a towne sundrie miles of called
+Delfes-Haven, wher the ship lay ready to receive them. So they lefte y^t
+goodly & pleasante citie, which had been ther resting place near 12.
+years; but they knew they were pilgrimes,[V] & looked not much on those
+things, but lift up their eyes to y^e heavens, their dearest cuntrie,
+and quieted their spirits. When they [37] came to y^e place they found
+y^e ship and all things ready; and shuch of their freinds as could not
+come with them followed after them, and sundrie also came from
+Amsterdame to see them shipte and to take their leave of them. That
+night was spent with litle sleepe by y^e most, but with freindly
+entertainmente & christian discourse and other reall expressions of true
+christian love. The next day, the wind being faire, they wente aborde,
+and their freinds with them, where truly dolfull was y^e sight of that
+sade and mournfull parting; to see what sighs and sobbs and praires did
+sound amongst them, what tears did gush from every eye, & pithy speeches
+peirst each harte; that sundry of y^e Dutch strangers y^t stood on y^e
+key as spectators, could not refraine from tears. Yet comfortable &
+sweete it was to see shuch lively and true expressions of clear &
+unfained love. But the tide (which stays for no man) caling them away
+y^t were thus loath to departe, their Re[~v][=e]^d: pastor falling downe
+on his knees, (and they all with him,) with watrie cheeks co[=m]ended
+them with most fervente praiers to the Lord and his blessing. And then
+with mutuall imbrases and many tears, they tooke their leaves one of an
+other; which proved to be y^e last leave to many of them.
+
+Thus hoysing saile,[W] with a prosperus winde they came in short time to
+Southhamton, wher they found the bigger ship come from London, lying
+ready, w^th all the rest of their company. After a joyfull wellcome, and
+mutuall congratulations, with other frendly entertainements, they fell
+to parley aboute their bussines, how to dispatch with y^e best
+expedition; as allso with their agents, aboute y^e alteration of y^e
+conditions. M^r. Carver pleaded he was imployed hear at Hamton, and knew
+not well what y^e other had don at London. M^r. Cushman answered, he had
+done nothing but what he was urged too, partly by y^e grounds of equity,
+and more espetialy by necessitie, other wise all had bene dasht and many
+undon. And in y^e begining he aquainted his felow agents here with, who
+consented unto him, and left it to him to execute, and to receive y^e
+money at London and send it downe to them at Hamton, wher they made y^e
+provissions; the which he accordingly did, though it was against his
+minde, & some of y^e marchants, y^t they were their made. And for
+giveing them notise at Leyden of this change, he could not well in
+regarde of y^e shortnes of y^e time; againe, he knew it would trouble
+them and hinder y^e bussines, which was already delayed overlong in
+regard of y^e season of y^e year, which he feared they would find to
+their cost. But these things gave not contente at presente. Mr. Weston,
+likwise, came up from London to see them dispatcht and to have y^e
+conditions confirmed; but they refused, and answered him, that he knew
+right well that these were not according to y^e first agreemente,
+neither could they yeeld to them without y^e consente of the rest that
+were behind. And indeed they had spetiall charge when they came away,
+from the cheefe of those that were behind, not to doe it. At which he
+was much offended, and tould them, they must then looke to stand on
+their owne leggs. So he returned in displeasure, and this was y^e first
+ground of discontent betweene them. And wheras ther wanted well near
+100^li. to clear things at their going away, he would not take order to
+disburse a penie, but let them shift as they could. [38] So they were
+forst to selle of some of their provissions to stop this gape, which was
+some 3. or 4. score firkins of butter, which comoditie they might best
+spare, haveing provided too large a quantitie of y^t kind. Then they
+write a leter to y^e marchants & adventures aboute y^e diferances
+concerning y^e conditions, as foloweth.
+
+  Aug. 3. An^o: 1620.
+
+  Beloved freinds, sory we are that ther should be occasion of writing
+  at all unto you, partly because we ever expected to see y^e most of
+  you hear, but espetially because ther should any differance at all be
+  conceived betweene us. But seing it faleth out that we cannot conferr
+  togeather, we thinke it meete (though brefly) to show you y^e just
+  cause & reason of our differing from those articles last made by
+  Robart Cushman, without our comission or knowledg. And though he might
+  propound good ends to himselfe, yet it no way justifies his doing it.
+  Our maine diference is in y^e 5. & 9. article, concerning y^e deviding
+  or holding of house and lands; the injoying wherof some of your selves
+  well know, was one spetiall motive, amongst many other, to provoke us
+  to goe. This was thought so reasonable, y^t when y^e greatest of you
+  in adventure (whom we have much cause to respecte), when he
+  propounded conditions to us freely of his owne accorde, he set this
+  downe for one; a coppy wherof we have sent unto you, with some
+  additions then added by us; which being liked on both sids, and a day
+  set for y^e paimente of moneys, those of Holland paid in theirs. After
+  y^t, Robart Cushman, M^r. Peirce, & M^r. Martine, brought them into a
+  better forme, & write them in a booke now extante; and upon Robarts
+  shewing them and delivering M^r. Mullins a coppy therof under his hand
+  (which we have), he payd in his money. And we of Holland had never
+  seen other before our coming to Hamton, but only as one got for him
+  selfe a private coppy of them; upon sight wherof we manyfested uter
+  dislike, but had put of our estats & were ready to come, and therfore
+  was too late to rejecte y^e vioage. Judge therfore we beseech you
+  indiferently of things, and if a faulte have bene co[=m]ited, lay it
+  wher it is, & not upon us, who have more cause to stand for y^e one,
+  then you have for y^e other. We never gave Robart Cushman comission to
+  make any one article for us, but only sent him to receive moneys upon
+  articles before agreed on, and to further y^e provissions till John
+  Carver came, and to assiste him in it. Yet since you conceive your
+  selves wronged as well as we, we thought meete to add a branch to y^e
+  end of our 9. article, as will allmost heale that wound of it selfe,
+  which you conceive to be in it. But that it may appeare to all men y^t
+  we are not lovers of our selves only, but desire also y^e good &
+  inriching of our freinds who have adventured your moneys with our
+  persons, we have added our last article to y^e rest, promising you
+  againe by leters in y^e behalfe of the whole company, that if large
+  profits should not arise within y^e 7. years, y^t we will continue
+  togeather longer with you, if y^e Lord give a blessing.[X] This we
+  hope is sufficente to satisfie any in this case, espetialy freinds,
+  since we are asured y^t if the whole charge was devided into 4. parts,
+  3. of them will not stand upon it, nether doe regarde it, &c. We are
+  in shuch a streate at presente, as we are forced to sell away 60^li.
+  worth of our provissions to cleare y^e Haven, & withall put our selves
+  upon great extremities, scarce haveing any butter, no oyle, not a sole
+  to mend a shoe, [39] nor every man a sword to his side, wanting many
+  muskets, much armoure, &c. And yet we are willing to expose our selves
+  to shuch eminente dangers as are like to insue, & trust to y^e good
+  providence of God, rather then his name & truth should be evill spoken
+  of for us. Thus saluting all of you in love, and beseeching the Lord
+  to give a blesing to our endeavore, and keepe all our harts in y^e
+  bonds of peace & love, we take leave & rest,
+
+  Yours, &c.
+
+  Aug. 3. 1620.
+
+
+It was subscribed with many names of y^e cheefest of y^e company.
+
+At their parting M^r. Robinson write a leter to y^e whole company, which
+though it hath already bene printed, yet I thought good here likwise to
+inserte it; as also a breefe leter writ at y^e same time to M^r. Carver,
+in which y^e tender love & godly care of a true pastor appears.
+
+  My dear Brother,--I received inclosed in your last leter y^e note of
+  information, w^ch I shall carefuly keepe & make use of as ther shall
+  be occasion. I have a true feeling of your perplexitie of mind & toyle
+  of body, but I hope that you who have allways been able so plentifully
+  to administer comforte unto others in their trials, are so well
+  furnished for your selfe as that farr greater difficulties then you
+  have yet undergone (though I conceive them to have been great enough)
+  cannot oppresse you, though they press you, as y^e Aspostle speaks.
+  The spirite of a man (sustained by y^e spirite of God) will sustaine
+  his infirmitie, I dout not so will yours. And y^e beter much when you
+  shall injoye y^e presence & help of so many godly & wise bretheren,
+  for y^e bearing of part of your burthen, who also will not admitte
+  into their harts y^e least thought of suspition of any y^e least
+  negligence, at least presumption, to have been in you, what so ever
+  they thinke in others. Now what shall I say or write unto you & your
+  goodwife my loving sister? even only this, I desire (& allways shall)
+  unto you from y^e Lord, as unto my owne soule; and assure your selfe
+  y^t my harte is with you, and that I will not forslowe my bodily
+  coming at y^e first oppertunitie. I have writen a large leter to y^e
+  whole, and am sorie I shall not rather speak then write to them; & the
+  more, considering y^e wante of a preacher, which I shall also make
+  sume spurr to my hastening after you. I doe ever co[=m]end my best
+  affection unto you, which if I thought you made any doubte of, I would
+  express in more, & y^e same more ample & full words. And y^e Lord in
+  whom you trust & whom you serve ever in this bussines & journey, guid
+  you with his hand, protecte you with his winge, and shew you & us his
+  salvation in y^e end, & bring us in y^e mean while togeather in y^e
+  place desired, if shuch be his good will, for his Christs sake.
+
+  Amen.
+  Yours, &c.
+  Jo: R.
+
+  July 27. 1620.
+
+This was y^e last letter y^t M^r. Carver lived to see from him. The
+other follows.
+
+  [Y]Lovinge Christian friends, I doe hartily & in y^e Lord salute you
+  all, as being they with whom I am presente in my best affection, and
+  most ernest longings after you, though I be constrained for a while to
+  be bodily absente from you. I say constrained, God knowing how
+  willingly, & much rather then otherwise, I would have borne my part
+  with you in this first brunt, were I not by strong necessitie held
+  back for y^e present. Make accounte of me in y^e mean while, as of a
+  man devided in my selfe with great paine, and as (naturall bonds set a
+  side) having my beter parte with [40] you. And though I doubt not but
+  in your godly wisdoms, you both foresee & resolve upon y^t which
+  concerneth your presente state & condition, both severally & joyntly,
+  yet have I thought it but my duty to add some furder spurr of
+  provocation unto them, who rune allready, if not because you need it,
+  yet because I owe it in love & dutie. And first, as we are daly to
+  renew our repentance with our God, espetially for our sines known, and
+  generally for our unknowne trespasses, so doth y^e Lord call us in a
+  singuler maner upon occasions of shuch difficultie & danger as lieth
+  upon you, to a both more narrow search & carefull reformation of your
+  ways in his sight; least he, calling to remembrance our sines
+  forgotten by us or unrepented of, take advantage against us, & in
+  judgmente leave us for y^e same to be swalowed up in one danger or
+  other; wheras, on the contrary, sine being taken away by ernest
+  repentance & y^e pardon therof from y^e Lord sealed up unto a mans
+  conscience by his spirite, great shall be his securitie and peace in
+  all dangers, sweete his comforts in all distresses, with hapie
+  deliverance from all evill, whether in life or in death.
+
+  Now next after this heavenly peace with God & our owne consciences, we
+  are carefully to provide for peace with all men what in us lieth,
+  espetially with our associats, & for y^e watchfullnes must be had,
+  that we neither at all in our selves doe give, no nor easily take
+  offence being given by others. Woe be unto y^e world for offences, for
+  though it be necessarie (considering y^e malice of Satan & mans
+  corruption) that offences come, yet woe unto y^e man or woman either
+  by whom y^e offence cometh, saith Christ, Mat. 18. 7. And if offences
+  in y^e unseasonable use of things in them selves indifferent, be more
+  to be feared then death itselfe, as y^e Apostle teacheth, 1. Cor. 9.
+  15. how much more in things simply evill, in which neither honour of
+  God nor love of man is thought worthy to be regarded. Neither yet is
+  it sufficiente y^t we keepe our selves by y^e grace of God from
+  giveing offence, exepte withall we be armed against y^e taking of them
+  when they be given by others. For how imperfect & lame is y^e work of
+  grace in y^t person, who wants charritie to cover a multitude of
+  offences, as y^e scriptures speake. Neither are you to be exhorted to
+  this grace only upon y^e co[=m]one grounds of Christianitie, which
+  are, that persons ready to take offence, either wante charitie, to
+  cover offences, of wisdome duly to waigh humane frailtie; or lastly,
+  are grosse, though close hipocrites, as Christ our Lord teacheth, Mat.
+  7. 1, 2, 3, as indeed in my owne experience, few or none have bene
+  found which sooner give offence, then shuch as easily take it; neither
+  have they ever proved sound & profitable members in societies, which
+  have nurished this touchey humor. But besids these, ther are diverse
+  motives provoking you above others to great care & conscience this
+  way: As first, you are many of you strangers, as to y^e persons, so to
+  y^e infirmities one of another, & so stand in neede of more
+  watchfullnes this way, least when shuch things fall out in men & women
+  as you suspected not, you be inordinatly affected with them; which
+  doth require at your hands much wisdome & charitie for y^e covering &
+  preventing of incident offences that way. And lastly, your intended
+  course of civill comunitie will minister continuall occasion of
+  offence, & will be as fuell for that fire, excepte you dilligently
+  quench it with brotherly forbearance. And if taking of offence
+  causlesly or easilie at mens doings be so carefuly to be avoyded, how
+  much more heed is to be taken y^t we take not offence at God him
+  selfe, which yet we certainly doe so oft[=e] as we doe murmure at his
+  providence in our crosses, or beare impatiently shuch afflictions as
+  wherwith he pleaseth to visite us. Store up therfore patience against
+  y^e evill day, without which we take offence at y^e Lord him selfe in
+  his holy & just works.
+
+  A 4. thing ther is carfully to be provided for, to witte, that with
+  your co[=m]one imployments you joyne co[=m]one affections truly bente
+  upon y^e generall good, avoyding as a deadly [41] plague of your both
+  co[=m]one & spetiall comfort all retirednes of minde for proper
+  advantage, and all singularly affected any maner of way; let every man
+  represe in him selfe & y^e whol body in each person, as so many rebels
+  against y^e commone good, all private respects of mens selves, not
+  sorting with y^e generall conveniencie. And as men are carfull not to
+  have a new house shaken with any violence before it be well setled &
+  y^e parts firmly knite, so be you, I beseech you, brethren, much more
+  carfull, y^t the house of God which you are, and are to be, be not
+  shaken with unnecessarie novelties or other oppositions at y^e first
+  setling therof.
+
+  Lastly, wheras you are become a body politik, using amongst your
+  selves civill govermente, and are not furnished with any persons of
+  spetiall eminencie above y^e rest, to be chosen by you into office of
+  goverment, let your wisdome & godlines appeare, not only in chusing
+  shuch persons as doe entirely love and will promote y^e co[=m]one
+  good, but also in yeelding unto them all due honour & obedience in
+  their lawfull administrations; not behoulding in them y^e
+  ordinarinesse of their persons, but Gods ordinance for your good, not
+  being like y^e foolish multitud who more honour y^e gay coate, then
+  either y^e vertuous minde of y^e man, or glorious ordinance of y^e
+  Lord. But you know better things, & that y^e image of y^e Lords power
+  & authoritie which y^e magistrate beareth, is honourable, in how meane
+  persons soever. And this dutie you both may y^e more willingly and
+  ought y^e more conscionably to performe, because you are at least for
+  y^e present to have only them for your ordinarie governours, which
+  your selves shall make choyse of for that worke.
+
+  Sundrie other things of importance I could put you in minde of, and of
+  those before mentioned, in more words, but I will not so farr wrong
+  your godly minds as to thinke you heedless of these things, ther being
+  also diverce among you so well able to admonish both them selves &
+  others of what concerneth them. These few things therfore, & y^e same
+  in few words, I doe ernestly co[=m]end unto your care & conscience,
+  joyning therwith my daily incessante prayers unto y^e Lord, y^t he who
+  hath made y^e heavens & y^e earth, y^e sea and all rivers of waters,
+  and whose providence is over all his workes, espetially over all his
+  dear children for good, would so guide & gard you in your wayes, as
+  inwardly by his Spirite, so outwardly by y^e hand of his power, as y^t
+  both you & we also, for & with you, may have after matter of praising
+  his name all y^e days of your and our lives. Fare you well in him in
+  whom you trust, and in whom I rest.
+
+  An unfained wellwiller of your hapie
+  success in this hopefull voyage,
+  JOHN ROBINSON.
+
+This letter, though large, yet being so frutfull in it selfe, and
+suitable to their occation, I thought meete to inserte in this place.
+
+All things being now ready, & every bussines dispatched, the company was
+caled togeather, and this letter read amongst them, which had good
+acceptation with all, and after fruit with many. Then they ordered &
+distributed their company for either shipe, as they conceived for y^e
+best. And chose a Governor & 2. or 3. assistants for each shipe, to
+order y^e people by y^e way, and see to y^e dispossing of there
+provissions, and shuch like affairs. All which was not only with y^e
+liking of y^e maisters of y^e ships, but according to their desires.
+Which being done, they sett sayle from thence aboute y^e 5. of August;
+but what befell them further upon y^e coast of England will appeare in
+y^e nexte chapter.
+
+
+
+
+The 8. Chap.
+
+_Off the troubls that befell them on the coaste, and at sea being
+forced, after much trouble, to leave one of ther ships & some of their
+companie behind them._
+
+
+[42] Being thus put to sea they had not gone farr, but M^r. Reinolds y^e
+master of y^e leser ship complained that he found his ship so leak as he
+durst not put further to sea till she was mended. So y^e m^r. of y^e
+biger ship (caled M^r. Jonas) being consulted with, they both resolved
+to put into Dartmouth & have her ther searched & mended, which
+accordingly was done, to their great charg & losse of time and a faire
+winde. She was hear thorowly searcht from steme to sterne, some leaks
+were found & mended, and now it was conceived by the workmen & all, that
+she was sufficiente, & they might proceede without either fear or
+danger. So with good hopes from hence, they put to sea againe,
+conceiving they should goe comfortably on, not looking for any more
+lets of this kind; but it fell out otherwise, for after they were gone
+to sea againe above 100. leagues without the Lands End, houlding company
+togeather all this while, the m^r. of y^e small ship complained his ship
+was so leake as he must beare up or sinke at sea, for they could scarce
+free her with much pumping. So they came to consultation againe, and
+resolved both ships to bear up backe againe & put into Pli[=m]oth, which
+accordingly was done. But no spetiall leake could be founde, but it was
+judged to be y^e generall weaknes of y^e shipe, and that shee would not
+prove sufficiente for the voiage. Upon which it was resolved to dismise
+her & parte of y^e companie, and proceede with y^e other shipe. The
+which (though it was greevous, & caused great discouragmente) was put in
+execution. So after they had tooke out such provission as y^e other ship
+could well stow, and concluded both what number and what persons to send
+bak, they made another sad parting, y^e one ship going backe for London,
+and y^e other was to proceede on her viage. Those that went bak were for
+the most parte such as were willing so to doe, either out of some
+discontente, or feare they conceived of y^e ill success of y^e vioage,
+seeing so many croses befale, & the year time so farr spente; but
+others, in regarde of their owne weaknes, and charge of many yonge
+children, were thought least usefull, and most unfite to bear y^e brunte
+of this hard adventure; unto which worke of God, and judgmente of their
+brethern, they were contented to submite. And thus, like Gedions armie,
+this small number was devided, as if y^e Lord by this worke of his
+providence thought these few to many for y^e great worke he had to doe.
+But here by the way let me show, how afterward it was found y^t the
+leaknes of this ship was partly by being over masted, and too much
+pressed with sayles; for after she was sould & put into her old trime,
+she made many viages & performed her service very sufficiently, to y^e
+great profite of her owners. But more espetially, by the cuning &
+deceite of y^e m^r. & his company, who were hired to stay a whole year
+in y^e cuntrie, and now fancying dislike & fearing wante of victeles,
+they ploted this strategem to free them selves; as afterwards was
+knowne, & by some of them confessed. For they apprehended y^t the
+greater ship, being of force, & in whom most of y^e provissions were
+stowed, she would retayne enough for her selfe, what soever became of
+them or y^e passengers; & indeed shuch speeches had bene cast out by
+some of them; and yet, besids other incouragments, y^e cheefe of them
+that came from Leyden wente in this shipe to give y^e m^r. contente. But
+so strong was self love & his fears, as he forgott all duty and [43]
+former kindnesses, & delt thus falsly with them, though he pretended
+otherwise. Amongest those that returned was M^r. Cushman & his familie,
+whose hart & courage was gone from them before, as it seems, though his
+body was with them till now he departed; as may appear by a passionate
+letter he write to a freind in London from Dartmouth, whilst y^e ship
+lay ther a mending; the which, besids y^e expressions of his owne fears,
+it shows much of y^e providence of God working for their good beyonde
+man's expectation, & other things concerning their condition in these
+streats. I will hear relate it. And though it discover some infirmities
+in him (as who under temtation is free), yet after this he continued to
+be a spetiall instrumente for their good, and to doe y^e offices of a
+loving freind & faithfull brother unto them, and pertaker of much
+comforte with them.
+
+The letter is as followth.
+
+  To his loving friend Ed: S.[Z] at Henige House in y^e Duks Place,
+  these, &c.
+
+  Dartmouth, Aug. 17.
+
+  Loving friend, my most kind remembrance to you & your wife, with
+  loving E. M. &c. whom in this world I never looke to see againe. For
+  besids y^e eminente dangers of this viage, which are no less then
+  deadly, an infirmitie of body hath ceased me, which will not in all
+  lie^{c}lyhoode leave me till death. What to call it I know not, but it
+  is a bundle of lead, as it were, crushing my harte more & more these
+  14. days, as that allthough I doe y^e acctions of a liveing man, yet I
+  am but as dead; but y^e will of God be done. Our pinass will not cease
+  leaking, els I thinke we had been halfe way at Virginia, our viage
+  hither hath been as full of crosses, as our selves have been of
+  crokednes. We put in hear to tri[=m]e her, & I thinke, as others
+  also, if we had stayed at sea but 3. or 4. howers more, shee would
+  have sunke right downe. And though she was twise tri[=m]ed at Hamton,
+  yet now shee is open and leakie as a seive; and ther was a borde, a
+  man might have puld of with his fingers, 2 foote longe, wher y^e water
+  came in as at a mole hole. We lay at Hamton 7. days, in fair weather,
+  waiting for her, and now we lye hear waiting for her in as faire a
+  wind as can blowe, and so have done these 4. days, and are like to lye
+  4. more, and by y^t time y^e wind will happily turne as it did at
+  Hampton. Our victualls will be halfe eaten up, I thinke, before we goe
+  from the coaste of England, and if our viage last longe, we shall not
+  have a months victialls when we come in y^e countrie. Neare 700^li.
+  hath bene bestowed at Hampton, upon what I know not. Mr. Martin saith
+  he neither can nor will give any accounte of it, and if he be called
+  upon for accounts he crieth out of unthankfullnes for his paines &
+  care, that we are susspitious of him, and flings away, & will end
+  nothing. Also he so insult[=e]h over our poore people, with shuch
+  scorne & contempte, as if they were not good enough to wipe his shoes.
+  It would break your hart to see his dealing,[AA] and y^e mourning of
+  our people. They complaine to me, & alass! I can doe nothing for them;
+  if I speake to him, he flies in my face, as mutinous, and saith no
+  complaints shall be heard or received but by him selfe, and saith they
+  are forwarde, & waspish, discontented people, & I doe ill to hear
+  them. Ther are others y^t would lose all they have put in, or make
+  satisfaction for what they have had, that they might departe: but he
+  will not hear them, nor suffer them to goe ashore, least they should
+  rune away. The sailors also are so offended at his ignorante bouldnes,
+  in medling & controuling in things he knows not what belongs too, as
+  y^t some threaten to misscheefe him, others say they will leave y^e
+  shipe & goe their way. But at y^e best this cometh of it, y^t he maks
+  him selfe a scorne & laughing stock unto them. As for M^r. Weston,
+  excepte grace doe greatly swaye with him, he will hate us ten times
+  more then ever he loved us, for not confirming y^e conditions. But
+  now, since some pinches have taken them, they begine to reveile y^e
+  trueth, & say M^r. Robinson was in y^e falte who charged them never to
+  consente to those conditions, nor chuse me into office, but indeede
+  apointed them to chose them they did chose.[AB] But he & they will rue
+  too late, they may [44] now see, & all be ashamed when it is too late,
+  that they were so ignorante, yea, & so inordinate in their courses. I
+  am sure as they were resolved not to seale those conditions, I was not
+  so resolute at Hampton to have left y^e whole bussines, excepte they
+  would seale them, & better y^e vioage to have bene broken of then,
+  then to have brought such miserie to our selves, dishonour to God, &
+  detrimente to our loving freinds, as now it is like to doe. 4. or 5.
+  of y^e cheefe of them which came from Leyden, came resolved never to
+  goe on those conditions. And M^r. Martine, he said he never received
+  no money on those conditions, he was not beholden to y^e marchants for
+  a pine, they were bloudsuckers, & I know not what. Simple man, he
+  indeed never made any conditions w^th the marchants, nor ever spake
+  with them. But did all that money flie to Hampton, or was it his owne?
+  Who will goe & lay out money so rashly & lavishly as he did, and never
+  know how he comes by it, or on what conditions? 2^ly. I tould him of
+  y^e alteration longe agoe, & he was contente; but now he dominires, &
+  said I had betrayed them into y^e hands of slaves; he is not beholden
+  to them, he can set out 2. ships him selfe to a viage. When, good man?
+  He hath but 50^li. in, & if he should give up his accounts he would
+  not have a penie left him, as I am persuaded,[AC] &c. Freind, if ever
+  we make a plantation, God works a mirakle; especially considering how
+  scante we shall be of victualls, and most of all ununited amongst our
+  selves, & devoyd of good tutors & regimente. Violence will break all.
+  Wher is y^e meek & humble spirite of Moyses? & of Nehemiah who
+  reedified y^e wals of Jerusalem, & y^e state of Israell? Is not y^e
+  sound of Rehoboams braggs daly hear amongst us? Have not y^e
+  philosophers and all wise men observed y^t, even in setled co[=m]one
+  welths, violente governours bring either them selves, or people, or
+  boath, to ruine; how much more in y^e raising of co[=m]one wealths,
+  when y^e morter is yet scarce tempered y^t should bind y^e wales. If I
+  should write to you of all things which promiscuously forerune our
+  ruine, I should over charge my weake head and greeve your tender hart;
+  only this, I pray you prepare for evill tidings of us every day. But
+  pray for us instantly, it may be y^e Lord will be yet entreated one
+  way or other to make for us. I see not in reason how we shall escape
+  even y^e gasping of hunger starved persons; but God can doe much, &
+  his will be done. It is better for me to dye, then now for me to bear
+  it, which I doe daly, & expecte it howerly; haveing received y^e
+  sentance of death, both within me & without me. Poore William King &
+  my selfe doe strive[AD] who shall be meate first for y^e fishes; but
+  we looke for a glorious resurrection, knowing Christ Jesus after y^e
+  flesh no more, but looking unto y^e joye y^t is before us, we will
+  endure all these things and accounte them light in comparison of y^t
+  joye we hope for. Remember me in all love to our freinds as if I named
+  them, whose praiers I desire ernestly, & wish againe to see, but not
+  till I can with more comforte looke them in y^e face. The Lord give us
+  that true comforte which none can take from us. I had a desire to make
+  a breefe relation of our estate to some freind. I doubte not but your
+  wisdome will teach you seasonably to utter things as here after you
+  shall be called to it. That which I have writen is treue, & many
+  things more which I have forborne. I write it as upon my life, and
+  last confession in England. What is of use to be spoken [45] of
+  presently, you may speake of it, and what is fitt to conceile,
+  conceall. Pass by my weake maner, for my head is weake, & my body
+  feeble, y^e Lord make me strong in him, & keepe both you & yours.
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  ROBART CUSHMAN.
+
+  Dartmouth, Aug. 17. 1620.
+
+
+These being his conceptions & fears at Dartmouth, they must needs be
+much stronger now at Plimoth.
+
+
+
+
+The 9. Chap.
+
+_Of their vioage, & how they passed y^e sea, and of their safe arrivall
+at Cape Codd._
+
+
+SEPT^R: 6. These troubls being blowne over, and now all being compacte
+togeather in one shipe,[AE] they put to sea againe with a prosperus
+winde, which continued diverce days togeather, which was some
+incouragmente unto them; yet according to y^e usuall maner many were
+afflicted with sea-sicknes. And I may not omite hear a spetiall worke of
+Gods providence. Ther was a proud & very profane yonge man, one of y^e
+sea-men, of a lustie, able body, which made him the more hauty; he
+would allway be contemning y^e poore people in their sicknes, & cursing
+them dayly with gre[=e]ous execrations, and did not let to tell them,
+that he hoped to help to cast halfe of them over board before they came
+to their jurneys end, and to make mery with what they had; and if he
+were by any gently reproved, he would curse and swear most bitterly. But
+it plased God before they came halfe seas over, to smite this yong man
+with a greeveous disease, of which he dyed in a desperate maner, and so
+was him selfe y^e first y^t was throwne overbord. Thus his curses light
+on his owne head; and it was an astonishmente to all his fellows, for
+they noted it to be y^e just hand of God upon him.
+
+After they had injoyed faire winds and weather for a season, they were
+incountred many times with crosse winds, and mette with many feirce
+stormes, with which y^e shipe was shroudly shaken, and her upper works
+made very leakie; and one of the maine beames in y^e midd ships was
+bowed & craked, which put them in some fear that y^e shipe could not be
+able to performe y^e vioage. So some of y^e cheefe of y^e company,
+perceiveing y^e mariners to feare y^e suffisiencie of y^e shipe, as
+appeared by their mutterings, they entred into serious consulltation
+with y^e m^r. & other officers of y^e ship, to consider in time of y^e
+danger; and rather to returne then to cast them selves into a desperate
+& inevitable perill. And truly ther was great distraction & differance
+of opinion amongst y^e mariners them selves; faine would they doe what
+could be done for their wages sake, (being now halfe the seas over,) and
+on y^e other hand they were loath to hazard their lives too desperatly.
+But in examening of all opinions, the m^r. & others affirmed they knew
+y^e ship to be stronge & firme under water; and for the buckling of y^e
+maine beame, ther was a great iron scrue y^e passengers brought out of
+Holland, which would raise y^e beame into his place; y^e which being
+done, the carpenter & m^r. affirmed that with a post put under it, set
+firme in y^e lower deck, & otherways bounde, he would make it
+sufficiente. And as for y^e decks & uper workes they would calke them as
+well as they could, and though with y^e workeing of y^e ship they [46]
+would not longe keepe stanch, yet ther would otherwise be no great
+danger, if they did not overpress her with sails. So they co[=m]ited
+them selves to y^e will of God, & resolved to proseede. In sundrie of
+these stormes the winds were so feirce, & y^e seas so high, as they
+could not beare a knote of saile, but were forced to hull, for diverce
+days togither. And in one of them, as they thus lay at hull, in a mighty
+storme, a lustie yonge man (called John Howland) coming upon some
+occasion above y^e grattings, was, with a seele of the shipe throwne
+into [y^e] sea; but it pleased God y^t he caught hould of y^e top-saile
+halliards, which hunge over board, & rane out at length; yet he held
+his hould (though he was sundrie fadomes under water) till he was hald
+up by y^e same rope to y^e brime of y^e water, and then with a boat
+hooke & other means got into y^e shipe againe, & his life saved; and
+though he was something ill with it, yet he lived many years after, and
+became a profitable member both in church & co[=m]one wealthe. In all
+this viage ther died but one of y^e passengers, which was William
+Butten, a youth, servant to Samuell Fuller, when they drew near y^e
+coast. But to omite other things, (that I may be breefe,) after longe
+beating at sea they fell with that land which is called Cape Cod; the
+which being made & certainly knowne to be it, they were not a litle
+joyfull. After some deliberation had amongst them selves & with y^e m^r.
+of y^e ship, they tacked aboute and resolved to stande for y^e southward
+(y^e wind & weather being faire) to finde some place aboute Hudsons
+river for their habitation. But after they had sailed y^t course aboute
+halfe y^e day, they fell amongst deangerous shoulds and roring breakers,
+and they were so farr intangled ther with as they conceived them selves
+in great danger; & y^e wind shrinking upon them withall, they resolved
+to bear up againe for the Cape, and thought them selves hapy to gett out
+of those dangers before night overtooke them, as by Gods providence they
+did. And y^e next day they gott into y^e Cape-harbor wher they ridd in
+saftie. A word or too by y^e way of this cape; it was thus first named
+by Capten Gosnole & his company,[AF] Anno: 1602, and after by Capten
+Smith was caled Cape James; but it retains y^e former name amongst
+seamen. Also y^t pointe which first shewed those dangerous shoulds unto
+them, they called Pointe Care, & Tuckers Terrour; but y^e French & Dutch
+to this day call it Malabarr, by reason of those perilous shoulds, and
+y^e losses they have suffered their.
+
+Being thus arived in a good harbor and brought safe to land, they fell
+upon their knees & blessed y^e God of heaven, who had brought them over
+y^e vast & furious ocean, and delivered them from all y^e periles &
+miseries therof, againe to set their feete on y^e firme and stable
+earth, their proper elemente. And no marvell if they were thus joyefull,
+seeing wise Seneca was so affected with sailing a few miles on y^e coast
+of his owne Italy; as he affirmed,[AG] that he had rather remaine
+twentie years on his way by land, then pass by sea to any place in a
+short time; so tedious & dreadfull was y^e same unto him.
+
+But hear I cannot but stay and make a pause, and stand half amased at
+this poore peoples presente condition; and so I thinke will the reader
+too, when he well considers [47] y^e same. Being thus passed y^e vast
+ocean, and a sea of troubles before in their preparation (as may be
+remembred by y^t which wente before), they had now no freinds to
+wellcome them, nor inns to entertaine or refresh their weatherbeaten
+bodys, no houses or much less townes to repaire too, to seeke for
+succoure. It is recorded in scripture[AH] as a mercie to y^e apostle &
+his shipwraked company, y^t the barbarians shewed them no smale kindnes
+in refreshing them, but these savage barbarians, when they mette with
+them (as after will appeare) were readier to fill their sids full of
+arrows then otherwise. And for y^e season it was winter, and they that
+know y^e winters of y^t cuntrie know them to be sharp & violent, &
+subjecte to cruell & feirce stormes, deangerous to travill to known
+places, much more to serch an unknown coast. Besids, what could they see
+but a hidious & desolate wildernes, full of wild beasts & willd men? and
+what multituds ther might be of them they knew not. Nether could they,
+as it were, goe up to y^e tope of Pisgah, to vew from this willdernes a
+more goodly cuntrie to feed their hops; for which way soever they turnd
+their eys (save upward to y^e heavens) they could have litle solace or
+content in respecte of any outward objects. For su[=m]er being done, all
+things stand upon them with a wetherbeaten face; and y^e whole countrie,
+full of woods & thickets, represented a wild & savage heiw. If they
+looked behind them, ther was y^e mighty ocean which they had passed, and
+was now as a maine barr & goulfe to seperate them from all y^e civill
+parts of y^e world. If it be said they had a ship to sucour them, it is
+trew; but what heard they daly from y^e m^r. & company? but y^t with
+speede they should looke out a place with their shallop, wher they would
+be at some near distance; for y^e season was shuch as he would not stirr
+from thence till a safe harbor was discovered by them wher they would
+be, and he might goe without danger; and that victells consumed apace,
+but he must & would keepe sufficient for them selves & their returne.
+Yea, it was muttered by some, that if they gott not a place in time,
+they would turne them & their goods ashore & leave them. Let it also be
+considred what weake hopes of supply & succoure they left behinde them,
+y^t might bear up their minds in this sade condition and trialls they
+were under; and they could not but be very smale. It is true, indeed,
+y^e affections & love of their brethren at Leyden was cordiall & entire
+towards them, but they had litle power to help them, or them selves; and
+how y^e case stode betweene them & y^e marchants at their coming away,
+hath allready been declared. What could now sustaine them but the
+spirite of God & his grace? May not & ought not the children of these
+fathers rightly say: _Our faithers were Englishmen which came over this
+great ocean, and were ready to perish in this willdernes;[AI] but they
+cried unto y^e Lord, and he heard their voyce, and looked on their
+adversitie, &c. Let them therfore praise y^e Lord, because he is good, &
+his mercies endure for ever._[AJ] _Yea, let them which have been
+redeemed of y^e Lord, shew how he hath delivered them from y^e hand of
+y^e oppressour. When they wandered in y^e deserte willdernes out of y^e
+way, and found no citie to dwell in, both hungrie, & thirstie, their
+sowle was overwhelmed in them. Let them confess before y^e Lord his
+loving kindnes, and his wonderfull works before y^e sons of men._
+
+
+
+
+The 10. Chap.
+
+_Showing how they sought out a place of habitation, and what befell them
+theraboute._
+
+
+[48] Being thus arrived at Cap-Cod y^e 11. of November, and necessitie
+calling them to looke out a place for habitation, (as well as the
+maisters & mariners importunitie,) they having brought a large shalop
+with them out of England, stowed in quarters in y^e ship, they now gott
+her out & sett their carpenters to worke to trime her up; but being much
+brused & shatered in y^e shipe w^th foule weather, they saw she would be
+longe in mending. Wherupon a few of them tendered them selves to goe by
+land and discovere those nearest places, whilst y^e shallop was in
+mending; and y^e rather because as they wente into y^t harbor ther
+seemed to be an opening some 2. or 3 leagues of, which y^e maister
+judged to be a river. It was conceived ther might be some danger in y^e
+attempte, yet seeing them resolute, they were permited to goe, being 16.
+of them well armed, under y^e conduct of Captain Standish, having shuch
+instructions given them as was thought meete. They sett forth y^e 15. of
+Nove^br: and when they had marched aboute the space of a mile by y^e sea
+side, they espied 5. or 6. persons with a dogg coming towards them, who
+were salvages; but they fled from them, & ra[=n]e up into y^e woods, and
+y^e English followed them, partly to see if they could speake with them,
+and partly to discover if ther might not be more of them lying in
+ambush. But y^e Indeans seeing them selves thus followed, they againe
+forsooke the woods, & rane away on y^e sands as hard as they could, so
+as they could not come near them, but followed them by y^e tracte of
+their feet sundrie miles, and saw that they had come the same way. So,
+night coming on, they made their randevous & set out their sentinels,
+and rested in quiete _y^t night_, and the next morning followed their
+tracte till they had headed a great creake, & so left the sands, &
+turned an other way into y^e woods. But they still followed them by
+geuss, hopeing to find their dwellings; but they soone lost both them &
+them selves, falling into shuch thickets as were ready to tear their
+cloaths & armore in peeces, but were most distresed for wante of
+drinke. But at length they found water & refreshed them selves, being
+y^e first New-England water they drunke of, and was now in thir great
+thirste as pleasante unto them as wine or bear had been in for-times.
+Afterwards they directed their course to come to y^e other [49] shore,
+for they knew it was a necke of land they were to crosse over, and so at
+length gott to y^e sea-side, and marched to this supposed river, & by
+y^e way found a pond of clear fresh water, and shortly after a good
+quantitie of clear ground wher y^e Indeans had formerly set corne, and
+some of their graves. And proceeding furder they saw new-stuble wher
+corne had been set y^e same year, also they found wher latly a house had
+been, wher some planks and a great ketle was remaining, and heaps of
+sand newly padled with their hands, which they, digging up, found in
+them diverce faire Indean baskets filled with corne, and some in eares,
+faire and good, of diverce collours, which seemed to them a very goodly
+sight, (haveing never seen any shuch before). This was near y^e place of
+that supposed river they came to seeck; unto which they wente and found
+it to open it selfe into 2. armes with a high cliffe of sand in y^e
+enterance, but more like to be crikes of salte water then any fresh, for
+ought they saw; and that ther was good harborige for their shalope;
+leaving it further to be discovered by their shalop when she was ready.
+So their time limeted them being expired, they returned to y^e ship,
+least they should be in fear of their saftie; and tooke with them parte
+of y^e corne, and buried up y^e rest, and so like y^e men from Eshcoll
+carried with them of y^e fruits of y^e land, & showed their breethren;
+of which, & their returne, they were marvelusly glad, and their harts
+incouraged.
+
+After this, y^e shalop being got ready, they set out againe for y^e
+better discovery of this place, & y^e m^r. of y^e ship desired to goe
+him selfe, so ther went some 30. men, but found it to be no harbor for
+ships but only for boats; ther was allso found 2. of their houses
+covered with matts, & sundrie of their implements in them, but y^e
+people were rune away & could not be seen; also ther was found more of
+their corne, & of their beans of various collours. The corne & beans
+they brought away, purposing to give them full satisfaction when they
+should meete with any of them (as about some 6. months afterward they
+did, to their good contente). And here is to be noted a spetiall
+providence of God, and a great mercie to this poore people, that hear
+they gott seed to plant them corne y^e next year, or els they might have
+starved, for they had none, nor any liklyhood to get any [50] till y^e
+season had beene past (as y^e sequell did manyfest). Neither is it
+lickly they had had this, if y^e first viage had not been made, for the
+ground was now all covered with snow, & hard frozen. But the Lord is
+never wanting unto his in their greatest needs; let his holy name have
+all y^e praise.
+
+The month of November being spente in these affairs, & much foule
+weather falling in, the 6. _of Desem^r_: they sente out their shallop
+againe with 10. of their principall men, & some sea men, upon further
+discovery, intending to circulate that deepe bay of Cap-codd. The
+weather was very could, & it frose so hard as y^e sprea of y^e sea
+lighting on their coats, they were as if they had been glased; yet _that
+night_ betimes they gott downe into y^e botome of y^e bay, and as they
+drue nere y^e shore they saw some 10. or 12. Indeans very busie aboute
+some thing. They landed aboute a league or 2. from them, and had much a
+doe to put a shore any wher, it lay so full of flats. Being landed, it
+grew late, and they made them selves a barricade with loggs & bowes as
+well as they could in y^e time, & set out their sentenill & betooke them
+to rest, and saw y^e smoake of y^e fire y^e savages made y^t night. When
+_morning_ was come they devided their company, some to coaste along y^e
+shore in y^e boate, and the rest marched throw y^e woods to see y^e
+land, if any fit place might be for their dwelling. They came allso to
+y^e place wher they saw the Indans y^e night before, & found they had
+been cuting up a great fish like a grampus, being some 2. inches thike
+of fate like a hogg, some peeces wher of they had left by y^e way; and
+y^e shallop found 2. more of these fishes dead on y^e sands, a thing
+usuall after storms in y^t place, by reason of y^e great flats of sand
+that lye of. So they ranged up and doune all y^t day, but found no
+people, nor any place they liked. When y^e sune grue low, they hasted
+out of y^e woods to meete with their shallop, to whom they made signes
+to come to them into a _creeke_ hardby, the which they did at highwater;
+of which they were very glad, for they had not seen each other all y^t
+day, since y^e morning. So they made them a barricado (as usually they
+did every night) with loggs, staks, & thike pine bowes, y^e height of a
+man, leaving it open to leeward, partly to shelter them from y^e could &
+wind (making their fire in y^e midle, & lying round aboute it), and
+partly to defend them from any sudden assaults of y^e savags, if they
+should surround them. So being very weary, they betooke them to rest.
+But aboute _midnight_, [51] they heard a hideous & great crie, and their
+sentinell caled, "Arme, arme"; so they bestired them & stood to their
+armes, & shote of a cupple of moskets, and then the noys seased. They
+concluded it was a companie of wolves, or such like willd beasts; for
+one of y^e sea men tould them he had often heard shuch a noyse in
+New-found land. So they rested till about 5. of y^e clock in the
+_morning_; for y^e tide, & ther purposs to goe from thence, made them be
+stiring betimes. So after praier they prepared for breakfast, and it
+being day dawning, it was thought best to be carring things downe to
+y^e boate. But some said it was not best to carrie y^e armes downe,
+others said they would be the readier, for they had laped them up in
+their coats from y^e dew. But some 3. or 4. would not cary theirs till
+they wente them selves, yet as it fell out, y^e water being not high
+enough, they layed them downe on y^e banke side, & came up to breakfast.
+But presently, all on y^e sudain, they heard a great & strange crie,
+which they knew to be the same voyces they heard in y^e night, though
+they varied their notes, & one of their company being abroad came runing
+in, & cried, "Men, Indeans, Indeans"; and w^{th}all, their arowes came
+flying amongst them. Their men rane with all speed to recover their
+armes, as by y^e good providence of God they did. In y^e mean time, of
+those that were ther ready, tow muskets were discharged at them, & 2.
+more stood ready in y^e enterance of ther randevoue, but were comanded
+not to shoote till they could take full aime at them; & y^e other 2.
+charged againe with all speed, for ther were only 4. had armes ther, &
+defended y^e baricado which was first assalted. The crie of y^e Indeans
+was dreadfull, espetially when they saw ther men rune out of y^e
+randevoue towourds y^e shallop, to recover their armes, the Indeans
+wheeling aboute upon them. But some ru[=n]ing out with coats of malle
+on, & cutlasses in their hands, they soone got their armes, & let flye
+amongs them, and quickly stopped their violence. Yet ther was a lustie
+man, and no less valiante, stood behind a tree within halfe a musket
+shot, and let his arrows flie at them. He was seen shoot 3. arrowes,
+which were all avoyded. He stood 3. shot of a musket, till one taking
+full aime at him, and made y^e barke or splinters of y^e tree fly about
+his ears, after which he gave an extraordinary shrike, and away they
+wente all of them. They left some to keep y^e shalop, and followed them
+aboute a quarter of a mille, and shouted once or twise, and shot of 2.
+or 3. peces, & so returned. This they did, that they might conceive that
+they were not [52] affrade of them or any way discouraged. Thus it
+pleased God to vanquish their enimies, and give them deliverance; and by
+his spetiall providence so to dispose that not any one of them were
+either hurte, or hitt, though their arrows came close by them, & on
+every side them, and sundry of their coats, which hunge up in y^e
+barricado, were shot throw & throw. Aterwards they gave God sollamne
+thanks & praise for their deliverance, & gathered up a bundle of their
+arrows, & sente them into England afterward by y^e m^r. of y^e ship, and
+called that place y^e first encounter. From hence they departed, &
+costed all along, but discerned no place likly for harbor; & therfore
+hasted to a place that their pillote, (one Mr. Coppin who had bine in
+y^e cuntrie before) did assure them was a good harbor, which he had
+been in, and they might fetch it before night; of which they were glad,
+for it begane to be foule weather. After some houres sailing, it begane
+to snow & raine, & about y^e midle of y^e afternoone, y^e wind
+increased, & y^e sea became very rough, and they broake their rudder, &
+it was as much as 2. men could doe to steere her with a cupple of oares.
+But their pillott bad them be of good cheere, for he saw y^e harbor; but
+y^e storme increasing, & night drawing on, they bore what saile they
+could to gett in, while they could see. But herwith they broake their
+mast in 3. peeces, & their saill fell over bord, in a very grown sea, so
+as they had like to have been cast away; yet by Gods mercie they
+recovered them selves, & having y^e floud with them, struck into y^e
+harbore. But when it came too, y^e pillott was deceived in y^e place,
+and said, y^e Lord be mercifull unto them, for his eys never saw y^t
+place before; & he & the m^r. mate would have rune her ashore, in a cove
+full of breakers, before y^e winde. But a lusty seaman which steered,
+bad those which rowed, if they were men, about with her, or ells they
+were all cast away; the which they did with speed. So he bid them be of
+good cheere & row lustly, for ther was a faire sound before them, & he
+doubted not but they should find one place or other wher they might ride
+in saftie. And though it was _very darke_, and rained sore, yet in y^e
+end they gott under y^e lee of a smalle iland, and remained ther all
+y^t night in saftie. But they knew not this to be an iland till morning,
+but were devided in their minds; some would keepe y^e boate for fear
+they might be amongst y^e Indians; others were so weake and could, they
+could not endure, but got a shore, & with much adoe got fire, (all
+things being so wett,) and y^e rest were glad to come to them; for after
+midnight y^e wind shifted to the [53] north-west, & it frose hard. But
+though this had been a day & night of much trouble & danger unto them,
+yet God gave them a _morning_ of comforte & refreshing (as usually he
+doth to his children), for y^e next day was a faire sunshin[=i]g day,
+and they found them sellvs to be on an iland secure from y^e Indeans,
+wher they might drie their stufe, fixe their peeces, & rest them selves,
+and gave God thanks for his mercies, in their manifould deliverances.
+And this being the _last day of y^e weeke_, they prepared ther to keepe
+y^e _Sabath_. On _Munday_ they sounded y^e harbor, and founde it fitt
+for shipping; and marched into y^e land, & found diverse cornfeilds, &
+litle runing brooks, a place (as they supposed) fitt for situation; at
+least it was y^e best they could find, and y^e season, & their presente
+necessitie, made them glad to accepte of it. So they returned to their
+shipp againe with this news to y^e rest of their people, which did much
+comforte their harts.
+
+On y^e 15. _of Desem^r_: they wayed anchor to goe to y^e place they had
+discovered, & came within 2. leagues of it, but were faine to bear up
+againe; but y^e 16. _day_ y^e winde came faire, and they arrived safe in
+this harbor. And after wards tooke better view of y^e place, and
+resolved wher to pitch their dwelling; and y^e 25. _day_ begane to
+erecte y^e first house for co[=m]one use to receive them and their
+goods.
+
+
+
+
+The 2. Booke.
+
+The rest of this History (if God give me life, & opportunitie) I shall,
+for brevitis sake, handle by way of _annalls_, noteing only the heads of
+principall things, and passages as they fell in order of time, and may
+seeme to be profitable to know, or to make use of. And this may be as
+y^e 2. Booke.
+
+
+_The remainder of An^o:_ 1620.
+
+I shall a litle returne backe and begine with a combination made by them
+before they came ashore, being y^e first foundation of their govermente
+in this place; occasioned partly by y^e discontented & mutinous speeches
+that some of the strangers amongst them had let fall from them in y^e
+ship--That when they came a shore they would use their owne libertie;
+for none had power to co[=m]and them, the patente they had being for
+Virginia, and not for New-england, which belonged to an other Goverment,
+with which y^e Virginia Company had nothing to doe. And partly that
+shuch an [54] acte by them done (this their condition considered) might
+be as firme as any patent, and in some respects more sure.
+
+The forme was as followeth.
+
+  In y^e name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwriten, the loyall
+  subjects of our dread soveraigne Lord, King James, by y^e grace of
+  God, of Great Britaine, Franc, & Ireland king, defender of y^e faith,
+  &c., haveing undertaken, for y^e glorie of God, and advancemente of
+  y^e Christian faith, and honour of our king & countrie, a voyage to
+  plant y^e first colonie in y^e Northerne parts of Virginia, doe by
+  these presents solemnly & mutualy in y^e presence of God, and one of
+  another, covenant & combine our selves togeather into a civill body
+  politick, for our better ordering & preservation & furtherance of y^e
+  ends aforesaid; and by vertue hearof to enacte, constitute, and frame
+  such just & equall lawes, ordinances, acts, constitutions, & offices,
+  from time to time, as shall be thought most meete & convenient for y^e
+  generall good of y^e Colonie, unto which we promise all due submission
+  and obedience. In witnes wherof we have hereunder subscribed our names
+  at Cap-Codd y^e 11. of November, in y^e year of y^e raigne of our
+  soveraigne lord, King James, of England, France, & Ireland y^e
+  eighteenth, and of Scotland y^e fiftie fourth. An^o: Dom. 1620.
+
+After this they chose, or rather confirmed, M^r. John Carver (a man
+godly & well approved amongst them) their Governour for that year. And
+after they had provided a place for their goods, or comone store, (which
+were long in unlading for want of boats, foulnes of winter weather, and
+sicknes of diverce,) and begune some small cottages for their
+habitation, as time would admitte, they mette and consulted of lawes &
+orders, both for their civill & military Govermente, as y^e necessitie
+of their condition did require, still adding therunto as urgent occasion
+in severall times, and as cases did require.
+
+In these hard & difficulte beginings they found some discontents &
+murmurings arise amongst some, and mutinous speeches & carriags in
+other; but they were soone quelled & overcome by y^e wisdome, patience,
+and just & equall carrage of things by y^e Gov^r and better part, w^ch
+clave faithfully togeather in y^e maine. But that which was most sadd &
+lamentable was, that in 2. or 3. moneths time halfe of their company
+dyed, espetialy in Jan: & February, being y^e depth of winter, and
+wanting houses & other comforts; being infected with y^e scurvie & [55]
+other diseases, which this long vioage & their inacomodate condition had
+brought upon them; so as ther dyed some times 2. or 3. of a day, in y^e
+foresaid time; that of 100. & odd persons, scarce 50. remained. And of
+these in y^e time of most distres, ther was but 6. or 7. sound persons,
+who, to their great comendations be it spoken, spared no pains, night
+nor day, but with abundance of toyle and hazard of their owne health,
+fetched them woode, made them fires, drest them meat, made their beads,
+washed their lothsome cloaths, cloathed & uncloathed them; in a word,
+did all y^e homly & necessarie offices for them w^ch dainty & quesie
+stomacks cannot endure to hear named; and all this willingly &
+cherfully, without any grudging in y^e least, shewing herein their true
+love unto their freinds & bretheren. A rare example & worthy to be
+remembred. Tow of these 7. were M^r. William Brewster, ther reverend
+Elder, & Myles Standish, ther Captein & military comander, unto whom my
+selfe, & many others, were much beholden in our low & sicke condition.
+And yet the Lord so upheld these persons, as in this generall calamity
+they were not at all infected either with sicknes, or lamnes. And what I
+have said of these, I may say of many others who dyed in this generall
+vissitation, & others yet living, that whilst they had health, yea, or
+any strength continuing, they were not wanting to any that had need of
+them. And I doute not but their recompence is with y^e Lord.
+
+But I may not hear pass by an other remarkable passage not to be
+forgotten. As this calamitie fell among y^e passengers that were to be
+left here to plant, and were hasted a shore and made to drinke water,
+that y^e sea-men might have y^e more bear, and one[AK] in his sicknes
+desiring but a small cann of beere, it was answered, that if he were
+their owne father he should have none; the disease begane to fall
+amongst them also, so as allmost halfe of their company dyed before they
+went away, and many of their officers and lustyest men, as y^e boatson,
+gunner, 3. quarter-maisters, the cooke, & others. At w^ch y^e m^r. was
+something strucken and sent to y^e sick a shore and tould y^e Gov^r he
+should send for beer for them that had need of it, though he drunke
+water homward bound. But now amongst his company [56] ther was farr
+another kind of carriage in this miserie then amongst y^e passengers;
+for they that before had been boone companions in drinking & joyllity in
+y^e time of their health & wellfare, begane now to deserte one another
+in this calamitie, saing they would not hasard ther lives for them, they
+should be infected by coming to help them in their cabins, and so, after
+they came to dye by it, would doe litle or nothing for them, but if they
+dyed let them dye. But shuch of y^e passengers as were yet abord shewed
+them what mercy they could, w^ch made some of their harts relente, as
+y^e boatson (& some others), who was a prowd yonge man, and would often
+curse & scofe at y^e passengers; but when he grew weak, they had
+compassion on him and helped him; then he confessed he did not deserve
+it at their hands, he had abused them in word & deed. O! saith he, you,
+I now see, shew your love like Christians indeed one to another, but we
+let one another lye & dye like doggs. Another lay cursing his wife,
+saing if it had not ben for her he had never come this unlucky viage,
+and anone cursing his felows, saing he had done this & that, for some of
+them, he had spente so much, & so much, amongst them, and they were now
+weary of him, and did not help him, having need. Another gave his
+companion all he had, if he died, to help him in his weaknes; he went
+and got a litle spise & made him a mess of meat once or twise, and
+because he dyed not so soone as he expected, he went amongst his
+fellows, & swore y^e rogue would cousen him, he would see him choaked
+before he made him any more meate; and yet y^e pore fellow dyed before
+morning.
+
+All this while y^e Indians came skulking about them, and would sometimes
+show them selves aloofe of, but when any aproached near them, they would
+rune away. And once they stoale away their tools wher they had been at
+worke, & were gone to diner. But about y^e 16. _of March_ a certaine
+Indian came bouldly amongst them, and spoke to them in broken English,
+which they could well understand, but marvelled at it. At length they
+understood by discourse with him, that he was not of these parts, but
+belonged to y^e eastrene parts, wher some English-ships came to fhish,
+with whom he was aquainted, & could name sundrie of them by their names,
+amongst whom he had gott his language. He became proftable to them [57]
+in aquainting them with many things concerning y^e state of y^e cuntry
+in y^e east-parts wher he lived, which was afterwards profitable unto
+them; as also of y^e people hear, of their names, number, & strength; of
+their situation & distance from this place, and who was cheefe amongst
+them. His name was _Samaset_; he tould them also of another Indian whos
+name was _Squanto_, a native of this place, who had been in England &
+could speake better English then him selfe. Being, after some time of
+entertainmente & gifts, dismist, a while after he came againe, & 5. more
+with him, & they brought againe all y^e tooles that were stolen away
+before, and made way for y^e coming of their great Sachem, called
+_Massasoyt_; who, about _4. or 5. days after_, came with the cheefe of
+his freinds & other attendance, with the aforesaid _Squanto_. With whom,
+after frendly entertainment, & some gifts given him, they made a peace
+with him (which hath now continued this 24. years) in these terms.
+
+1. That neither he nor any of his, should injurie or doe hurte to any of
+their peopl.
+
+2. That if any of his did any hurte to any of theirs, he should send y^e
+offender, that they might punish him.
+
+3. That if any thing were taken away from any of theirs, he should cause
+it to be restored; and they should doe y^e like to his.
+
+4. If any did unjustly warr against him, they would aide him; if any did
+warr against them, he should aide them.
+
+5. He should send to his neighbours confederats, to certifie them of
+this, that they might not wrong them, but might be likewise comprised in
+y^e conditions of peace.
+
+6. That when ther men came to them, they should leave their bows &
+arrows behind them.
+
+After these things he returned to his place caled _Sowams_, some 40.
+mile from this place, but _Squanto_ continued with them, and was their
+interpreter, and was a spetiall instrument sent of God for their good
+beyond their expectation. He directed them how to set their corne, wher
+to take fish, and to procure other comodities, and was also their pilott
+to bring them to unknowne places for their profitt, and never left them
+till he dyed. He was a _native [58] of this place_, & scarce any left
+alive besids him selfe. He was caried away with diverce others by one
+_Hunt_, a m^r. of a ship, who thought to sell them for slaves in Spaine;
+but he got away for England, and was entertained by a marchante in
+London, & imployed to New-foundland & other parts, & lastly brought
+hither into these parts by one M^r. _Dermer_, a gentle-man imployed by
+Sr. Ferdinando Gorges & others, for discovery, & other designes in these
+parts. Of whom I shall say some thing, because it is mentioned in a
+booke set forth An^o: 1622. by the Presidente & Counsell for
+New-England,[AL] that he made y^e peace betweene y^e salvages of these
+parts & y^e English; of which this plantation, as it is intimated, had
+y^e benefite. But what a peace it was, may apeare by what befell him &
+his men.
+
+This M^r. Dermer was hear the same year that these people came, as
+apears by a relation written by him, & given me by a friend, bearing
+date June 30. An^o: 1620. And they came in Novemb^r: following, so ther
+was but 4. months differance. In which relation to his honored freind,
+he hath these passages of this very place.
+
+  I will first begine (saith he) w^th that place from whence _Squanto_,
+  or _Tisquantem_, was taken away; w^ch in Cap: _Smiths mape_ is called
+  _Plimoth_: and I would that Plimoth had y^e like comodities. I would
+  that the first plantation might hear be seated, if ther come to the
+  number of 50. persons, or upward. Otherwise at Charlton, because ther
+  y^e savages are lese to be feared. The _Pocanawkits_, which live to
+  y^e _west_ of _Plimoth_, bear an inveterate malice to y^e English, and
+  are of more streingth then all y^e savags from thence to Penobscote.
+  Their desire of revenge was occasioned by an English man, who having
+  many of them on bord, made a great slaughter with their murderers &
+  smale shot, when as (they say) they offered no injurie on their parts.
+  Whether they were English or no, it may be douted; yet they beleeve
+  they were, for y^e Frenche have so possest them; for which cause
+  _Squanto_ ca[=n]ot deney but they would have kiled me when I was at
+  _Namasket_, had he not entreated hard for me. The soyle of y^e borders
+  of [59] this great bay, may be compared to most of y^e plantations
+  which I have seene in Virginia. The land is of diverce sorts; for
+  _Patuxite_ is a hardy but strong soyle, _Nawsel & Saughtughtett_ are
+  for y^e most part a blakish & deep mould, much like that wher groweth
+  y^e best Tobaco in Virginia. In y^e botume of y^t great bay is store
+  of Codd & basse, or mulett, &c.
+
+But above all he comends _Pacanawkite_ for y^e richest soyle, and much
+open ground fitt for English graine, &c.
+
+  _Massachussets_ is about 9. leagues from _Plimoth_, & situate in y^e
+  mids betweene both, is full of ilands & peninsules very fertill for
+  y^e most parte.
+
+With sundrie shuch relations which I forbear to transcribe, being now
+better knowne then they were to him.
+
+He was taken prisoner by y^e Indeans at _Manamoiak_ (a place not farr
+from hence, now well knowne). He gave them what they demanded for his
+liberty, but when they had gott what they desired, they kept him still &
+indevored to kill his men; but he was freed by seasing on some of them,
+and kept them bound till they gave him a cannows load of corne. Of
+which, see Purch: lib. 9. fol. 1778. But this was An^o: 1619.
+
+After y^e writing of y^e former relation he came to y^e Ile of
+_Capawack_ (which lyes south of this place in y^e way to Virginia), and
+y^e foresaid _Squanto_ w^th him, wher he going a shore amongst y^e
+Indans to trad, as he used to doe, was betrayed & assaulted by them, &
+_all his men slaine, but one that kept the boat_; but him selfe gott
+abord very sore wounded, & they had cut of his head upon y^e cudy of his
+boat, had not y^e man reskued him with a sword. And so they got away, &
+made shift to gett into Virginia, wher he dyed; whether of his wounds or
+y^e diseases of y^e cuntrie, or both togeather, is uncertaine. [60] By
+all which it may appeare how farr these people were from peace, and with
+what danger this plantation was begune, save as y^e powerfull hand of
+the Lord did protect them. These things[AM] were partly the reason why
+they kept aloofe & were so long before they came to the English. An
+other reason (as after them selvs made kno[=w]) was how aboute 3. _years
+before_, a French-ship was cast away at _Cap-Codd_, but y^e men gott
+ashore, & saved their lives, and much of their victails, & other goods;
+but after y^e Indeans heard of it, they geathered togeather from these
+parts, and never left watching & dogging them till they got advantage,
+and _kild them all but 3. or 4._ which they kept, & sent from one Sachem
+to another, to make sporte with, and used them worse then slaves; (of
+which y^e foresaid M^r. Dermer redeemed 2. of them;) and they conceived
+this ship was now come to revenge it.
+
+Also, (as after was made knowne,) before they came to y^e English to
+make freindship, they gott all the _Powachs_ of y^e cuntrie, for 3. days
+togeather, in a horid and divellish maner to curse & execrate them with
+their cunjurations, which asembly & service they held in a darke &
+dismale swampe.
+
+But to returne. The spring now approaching, it pleased God the
+mortalitie begane to cease amongst them, and y^e sick and lame recovered
+apace, which put as it were new life into them; though they had borne
+their sadd affliction with much patience & contentednes, as I thinke
+any people could doe. But it was y^e Lord which upheld them, and had
+beforehand prepared them; many having long borne y^e yoake, yea from
+their youth. Many other smaler maters I omite, sundrie of them having
+been allready published in a Jurnall made by one of the company; and
+some other passages of jurneys and relations allredy published, to which
+I referr those that are willing to know them more perticulerly. And
+being now come to y^e 25. of March I shall begine y^e year 1621.
+
+[61] _Anno. 1621._
+
+They now begane to dispatch y^e ship away which brought them over, which
+lay tille aboute this time, or y^e begining of Aprill. The reason on
+their parts why she stayed so long, was y^e necessitie and danger that
+lay upon them, for it was well towards y^e ende of Desember before she
+could land any thing hear, or they able to receive any thing ashore.
+Afterwards, y^e 14. of Jan: the house which they had made for a generall
+randevoze by casulty fell afire, and some were faine to retire abord for
+shilter. Then the sicknes begane to fall sore amongst them, and y^e
+weather so bad as they could not make much sooner any dispatch. Againe,
+the Gov^r & cheefe of them, seeing so many dye, and fall downe sick
+dayly, thought it no wisdom to send away the ship, their condition
+considered, and y^e danger they stood in from y^e Indeans, till they
+could procure some shelter; and therfore thought it better to draw some
+more charge upon them selves & freinds, then hazard all. The m^r. and
+sea-men likewise, though before they hasted y^e passengers a shore to be
+goone, now many of their men being dead, & of y^e ablest of them, (as is
+before noted,) and of y^e rest many lay sick & weake, y^e m^r. durst not
+put to sea, till he saw his men begine to recover, and y^e hart of
+winter over.
+
+Afterwards they (as many as were able) began to plant ther corne, in
+which servise Squanto stood them in great stead, showing them both y^e
+maner how to set it, and after how to dress & tend it. Also he tould
+them excepte they gott fish & set with it (in these old grounds) it
+would come to nothing, and he showed them y^t in y^e midle of Aprill
+they should have store enough come up y^e brooke, by which they begane
+to build, and taught them how to take it, and wher to get other
+provissions necessary for them; all which they found true by triall &
+experience. Some English seed they sew, as wheat & pease, but it came
+not to good, eather by y^e badnes of y^e seed, or latenes of y^e season,
+or both, or some other defecte.
+
+[62] In this month of _Aprill_ whilst they were bussie about their seed,
+their Gov^r (M^r. John Carver) came out of y^e feild very sick, it being
+a hott day; he complained greatly of his head, and lay downe, and within
+a few howers his sences failed, so as he never spake more till he dyed,
+which was within a few days after. Whoss death was much lamented, and
+caused great heavines amongst them, as ther was cause. He was buried in
+y^e best maner they could, with some vollies of shott by all that bore
+armes; and his wife, being a weak woman, dyed within 5. or 6. weeks
+after him.
+
+Shortly after William Bradford was chosen Gove^r in his stead, and being
+not yet recoverd of his ilnes, in which he had been near y^e point of
+death, Isaak Allerton was chosen to be an Asistante unto him, who, by
+renewed election every year, continued sundry years togeather, which I
+hear note once for all.
+
+_May 12._ was y^e first mariage in this place, which, according to y^e
+laudable custome of the Low-Cuntries, in which they had lived, was
+thought most requisite to be performed by the magistrate, as being a
+civill thing, upon which many questions aboute inheritances doe depende,
+with other things most proper to their cognizans, and most consonante to
+y^e scripturs, Ruth 4. and no wher found in y^e gospell to be layed on
+y^e ministers as a part of their office. "This decree or law about
+mariage was published by y^e Stats of y^e Low-Cuntries An^o: 1590. That
+those of any religion, after lawfull and open publication, coming before
+y^e magistrats, in y^e Town or Stat-house, were to be orderly (by them)
+maried one to another." Petets Hist, fol: 1029. And this practiss hath
+continued amongst, not only them, but hath been followed by all y^e
+famous churches of Christ in these parts to this time,--An^o: 1646.
+
+Haveing in some sorte ordered their bussines at home, it was thought
+meete to send some abroad to see their new friend Massasoyet, and to
+bestow upon him some gratuitie to bind him y^e faster unto them; as also
+that hearby they might veiw y^e countrie, and see in what maner he
+lived, what strength he had aboute him, and how y^e ways were to his
+place, if at any time they should have occasion. So y^e 2. _of July_
+they sente M^r. Edward Winslow & M^r. Hopkins, with y^e foresaid Squanto
+for ther guid, who gave him a suite of cloaths, and a horsemans coate,
+with some other small things, which were kindly accepted; but they found
+but short co[=m]ons, and came both weary & hungrie home. For y^e Indeans
+used then to have nothing [63] so much corne as they have since y^e
+English have stored them with their hows, and seene their industrie in
+breaking up new grounds therwith. _They found his place to be 40. miles
+from hence_, y^e soyle good, & y^e people not many, being dead &
+abundantly wasted in y^e late great mortalitie which fell in all these
+parts aboute _three years_ before y^e coming of y^e English, wherin
+thousands of them dyed, they not being able to burie one another; ther
+sculs and bones were found in many places lying still above ground,
+where their houses & dwellings had been; a very sad spectackle to
+behould. But they brought word that y^e Narighansets lived but on y^e
+other side of that great bay, & were a strong people, & many in number,
+living compacte togeather, & had not been at all touched with this
+wasting plague.
+
+Aboute y^e _later end of this month_, one John Billington lost him selfe
+in y^e woods, & wandered up & downe some 5. days, living on beries &
+what he could find. At length he light on an Indean plantation, 20. mils
+south of this place, called _Manamet_, they conveid him furder of, to
+_Nawsett_, among those peopl that had before set upon y^e English when
+they were costing, whilest y^e ship lay at y^e Cape, as is before noted.
+But y^e Gove^r caused him to be enquired for among y^e Indeans, and at
+length Massassoyt sent word wher he was, and y^e Gove^r sent a shalop
+for him, & had him delivered. Those people also came and made their
+peace; and they gave full satisfaction to those whose come they had
+found & taken when they were at Cap-Codd.
+
+Thus ther peace & aquaintance was prety well establisht w^th the natives
+aboute them; and ther was an other Indean called _Hobamack_ come to live
+amongst them, a proper lustie man, and a man of accounte for his vallour
+& parts amongst y^e Indeans, and continued very faithfull and constant
+to y^e English till he dyed. He & Squanto being gone upon bussines
+amonge y^e Indeans, at their returne (whether it was out of envie to
+them or malice to the English) ther was a Sachem called Corbitant, alyed
+to Massassoyte, but never any good friend to y^e English to this day,
+mett with them at an Indean towne caled Namassakett 14. miles to y^e
+west of this place, and begane to quarell w^th [64] them, and offered to
+stabe Hobamack; but being a lusty man, he cleared him selfe of him, and
+came ru[=n]ing away all sweating and tould y^e Gov^r what had befalne
+him, and he feared they had killed Squanto, for they threatened them
+both, and for no other cause but because they were freinds to y^e
+English, and servisable unto them. Upon this y^e Gove^r taking counsell,
+it was conceivd not fitt to be borne; for if they should suffer their
+freinds & messengers thus to be wronged, they should have none would
+cleave unto them, or give them any inteligence, or doe them serviss
+afterwards; but nexte they would fall upon them selves. Whereupon it was
+resolved to send y^e Captaine & 14. men well armed, and to goe & fall
+upon them in y^e night; and if they found that Squanto was kild, to cut
+of Corbitants head, but not to hurt any but those that had a hand in it.
+Hobamack was asked if he would goe & be their guid, & bring them ther
+before day. He said he would, & bring them to y^e house wher the man
+lay, and show them which was he. So they set forth y^e 14. _of August_,
+and beset y^e house round; the Captin giving charg to let none pass out,
+entred y^e house to search for him. But he was goone away that day, so
+they mist him; but understood y^t Squanto was alive, & that he had only
+threatened to kill him, & made an offer to stabe him but did not. So
+they withheld and did no more hurte, & y^e people came trembling, &
+brought them the best provissions they had, after they were aquainted by
+Hobamack what was only intended. Ther was 3. sore wounded which broak
+out of y^e house, and asaid to pass through y^e garde. These they
+brought home with them, & they had their wounds drest & cured, and sente
+home. After this they had many gratulations from diverce sachims, and
+much firmer peace; yea, those of y^e Iles of Capawack sent to make
+frendship; and this Corbitant him selfe used y^e mediation of
+Massassoyte to make his peace, but was shie to come neare them a longe
+while after.
+
+After this, y^e 18. of Septemb^r: they sente out ther shalop to the
+Massachusets, with 10. men, and Squanto for their guid and [65]
+interpreter, to discover and veiw that bay, and trade with y^e natives;
+the which they performed, and found kind entertainement. The people were
+much affraid of y^e Tarentins, a people to y^e eastward which used to
+come in harvest time and take away their corne, & many times kill their
+persons. They returned in saftie, and brought home a good quanty of
+beaver, and made reporte of y^e place, wishing they had been ther
+seated; (but it seems y^e Lord, who assignes to all men y^e bounds of
+their habitations, had apoynted it for an other use). And thus they
+found the Lord to be with them in all their ways, and to blesse their
+outgoings & inco[=m]ings, for which let his holy name have y^e praise
+for ever, to all posteritie.
+
+They begane now to gather in y^e small harvest they had, and to fitte up
+their houses and dwellings against winter, being all well recovered in
+health & strenght, and had all things in good plenty; for as some were
+thus imployed in affairs abroad, others were excersised in fishing,
+aboute codd, & bass, & other fish, of which y^ey tooke good store, of
+which every family had their portion. All y^e so[=m]er ther was no
+wante. And now begane to come in store of foule, as winter aproached, of
+which this place did abound when they came first (but afterward
+decreased by degrees). And besids water foule, ther was great store of
+wild Turkies, of which they tooke many, besids venison, &c. Besids they
+had aboute a peck a meale a weeke to a person, or now since harvest,
+Indean corne to y^t proportion. Which made many afterwards write so
+largly of their plenty hear to their freinds in England, which were not
+fained, but true reports.
+
+In Novemb^r, about y^e time twelfe month that them selves came, ther
+came in a small ship to them unexpected or loked for,[AN] in which came
+Mr. Cushman (so much spoken of before) and with him 35. persons to
+remaine & live in y^e plantation; which did not a litle rejoyce them.
+And they when they came a shore and found all well, and saw plenty of
+vitails in every house, were no less glade. For most of them were lusty
+yonge men, and many of them wild enough, who litle considered whither or
+aboute what they wente, till they came into y^e harbore at Cap-Codd, and
+ther saw nothing but a naked and barren place. They then begane to
+thinke what should become of them, if the people here were dead or cut
+of by y^e Indeans. They begane to consulte (upon some speeches that some
+of y^e sea-men had cast out) to take y^e sayls from y^e yeard least y^e
+ship [66] should gett away and leave them ther. But y^e m^r. hereing of
+it, gave them good words, and tould them if any thing but well should
+have befallne y^e people hear, he hoped he had vitails enough to cary
+them to Virginia, and whilst he had a bitt they should have their parte;
+which gave them good satisfaction. So they were all landed; but ther was
+not so much as bisket-cake or any other victialls[AO] for them, neither
+had they any beding, but some sory things they had in their cabins, nor
+pot, nor pan, to drese any meate in; nor overmany cloaths, for many of
+them had brusht away their coats & cloaks at Plimoth as they came. But
+ther was sent over some burching-lane suits in y^e ship, out of which
+they were supplied. The plantation was glad of this addition of
+strenght, but could have wished that many of them had been of beter
+condition, and all of them beter furnished with provissions; but y^t
+could not now be helpte.
+
+In this ship M^r. Weston sent a large leter to M^r. Carver, y^e late
+Gove^r, now deseased, full of complaints & expostulations aboute former
+passagess at Hampton; and y^e keeping y^e shipe so long in y^e country,
+and returning her without lading, &c., which for brevitie I omite. The
+rest is as followeth.
+
+_Part of Mr. Westons letter_.
+
+  I durst never aquainte y^e adventurers with y^e alteration of y^e
+  conditions first agreed on betweene us, which I have since been very
+  glad of, for I am well assured had they knowne as much as I doe, they
+  would not have adventured a halfe-peny of what was necesary for this
+  ship. That you sent no lading in the ship is wonderfull, and worthily
+  distasted. I know you^r weaknes was the cause of it, and I beleeve
+  more weaknes of judgmente, then weaknes of hands. A quarter of y^e
+  time you spente in discoursing, arguing, & consulting, would have done
+  much more; but that is past, &c. If you mean, bona fide, to performe
+  the conditions agreed upon, doe us y^e favore to coppy them out faire,
+  and subscribe them with y^e principall of your names. And likwise give
+  us accounte as perticulerly as you can how our moneys were laid out.
+  And then I shall be able to give them some satisfaction, whom I am now
+  forsed with good words to shift of. And consider that y^e life of the
+  bussines depends on y^e lading of this ship, which, if you doe to any
+  good purpose, that I may be freed from y^e great sums I have disbursed
+  for y^e former, and must doe for the later, _I promise you I will
+  never quit y^e bussines, though all the other adventurers should._
+
+  [67] We have procured you a Charter, the best we could, which is beter
+  then your former, and with less limitation. For any thing y^t is els
+  worth writting, M^r. Cushman can informe you. I pray write instantly
+  for M^r. Robinson to come to you. And so praying God to blesse you
+  with all graces nessessary both for this life & that to come, I rest
+
+  Your very loving frend,
+  THO. WESTON.
+
+  London, July 6. 1621.
+
+This ship (caled y^e Fortune) was speedily dispatcht away, being laden
+with good clapbord as full as she could stowe, and 2. hoggsheads of
+beaver and otter skins, which they gott with a few trifling comodities
+brought with them at first, being alltogeather unprovided for trade;
+neither was ther any amongst them that ever saw a beaver skin till they
+came hear, and were informed by Squanto. The fraight was estimated to be
+worth near 500^li. M^r. Cushman returned backe also with this ship, for
+so Mr. Weston & y^e rest had apoynted him, for their better information.
+And he doubted not, nor them selves neither, but they should have a
+speedy supply; considering allso how by M^r. Cushmans perswation, and
+letters received from Leyden, wherin they willed them so to doe, they
+yeelded[AP] to y^e afforesaid conditions, and subscribed them with their
+hands. But it proved other wise, for Mr. Weston, who had made y^e large
+promise in his leter, (as is before noted,) that if all y^e rest should
+fall of, yet he would never quit y^e bussines, but stick to them, if
+they yeelded to y^e conditions, and sente some lading in y^e ship; and
+of this M^r. Cushman was confident, and confirmed y^e same from his
+mouth, & serious protestations to him selfe before he came. But all
+proved but wind, for he was y^e first and only man that forsooke them,
+and that before he so much as heard of y^e returne of this ship, or knew
+what was done; (so vaine is the confidence in man.) But of this more in
+its place.
+
+A leter in answer to his write to M^r. Carver, was sente to him from y^e
+Gov^r, of which so much as is pertenente to y^e thing in hand I shall
+hear inserte.
+
+  S^r: Your large letter writen to M^r. Carver, and dated y^e 6. of
+  July, 1621, I have received y^e 10. of Novemb^r, wherin (after y^e
+  apologie made for your selfe) you lay many heavie imputations upon him
+  and us all. Touching him, he is departed this life, and now is at rest
+  [68] in y^e Lord from all those troubls and incoumbrances with which
+  we are yet to strive. He needs not my appologie; for his care and
+  pains was so great for y^e commone good, both ours and yours, as that
+  therwith (it is thought) he oppressed him selfe and shortened his
+  days; of whose loss we cannot sufficiently complaine. At great charges
+  in this adventure, I confess you have beene, and many losses may
+  sustaine; but y^e loss of his and many other honest and industrious
+  mens lives, cannot be vallewed at any prise. Of y^e one, ther may be
+  hope of recovery, but y^e other no recompence can make good. But I
+  will not insiste in generalls, but come more perticulerly to y^e
+  things them selves. You greatly blame us for keping y^e ship so long
+  in y^e countrie, and then to send her away emptie. She lay 5. weks at
+  Cap-Codd, whilst with many a weary step (after a long journey) and the
+  indurance of many a hard brunte, we sought out in the foule winter a
+  place of habitation. Then we went in so tedious a time to make
+  provission to sheelter us and our goods, aboute w^ch labour, many of
+  our armes & leggs can tell us to this day we were not necligent. But
+  it pleased God to vissite us then, with death dayly, and with so
+  generall a disease, that the living were scarce able to burie the
+  dead; and y^e well not in any measure sufficiente to tend y^e sick.
+  And now to be so greatly blamed, for not fraighting y^e ship, doth
+  indeed goe near us, and much discourage us. But you say you know we
+  will pretend weaknes; and doe you think we had not cause? Yes, you
+  tell us you beleeve it, but it was more weaknes of judgmente, then of
+  hands. Our weaknes herin is great we confess, therfore we will bear
+  this check patiently amongst y^e rest, till God send us wiser men. But
+  they which tould you we spent so much time in discoursing &
+  consulting, &c., their harts can tell their toungs, they lye. They
+  cared not, so they might salve their owne sores, how they wounded
+  others. Indeed, it is our callamitie that we are (beyound expectation)
+  yoked with some ill conditioned people, who will never doe good, but
+  corrupte and abuse others, &c.
+
+The rest of y^e letter declared how they had subscribed those conditions
+according to his desire, and sente him y^e former accounts very
+perticulerly; also how y^e ship was laden, and in what condition their
+affairs stood; that y^e coming of these [69] people would bring famine
+upon them unavoydably, if they had not supply in time (as Mr. Cushman
+could more fully informe him & y^e rest of y^e adventurers). Also that
+seeing he was now satisfied in all his demands, that offences would be
+forgoten, and he remember his promise, &c.
+
+After y^e departure of this ship, (which stayed not above 14. days,) the
+Gove^r & his assistante haveing disposed these late co[=m]ers into
+severall families, as y^ey best could, tooke an exacte accounte of all
+their provissions in store, and proportioned y^e same to y^e number of
+persons, and found that it would not hould out above 6. months at halfe
+alowance, and hardly that. And they could not well give less this winter
+time till fish came in againe. So they were presently put to half
+alowance, one as well as an other, which begane to be hard, but they
+bore it patiently under hope of supply.
+
+Sone after this ships departure, y^e great people of y^e Narigansets, in
+a braving maner, sente a messenger unto them with a bundl of arrows tyed
+aboute with a great sneak-skine; which their interpretours tould them
+was a threatening & a chaleng. Upon which y^e Gov^r, with y^e advice of
+others, sente them a round answere, that if they had rather have warre
+then peace, they might begine when they would; they had done them no
+wrong, neither did y^ey fear them, or should they find them unprovided.
+And by another messenger sente y^e sneake-skine back with bulits in it;
+but they would not receive it, but sent it back againe. But these
+things I doe but mention, because they are more at large allready put
+forth in printe, by M^r. Winslow, at y^e requeste of some freinds. And
+it is like y^e reason was their owne ambition, who, (since y^e death of
+so many of y^e Indeans,) thought to dominire & lord it over y^e rest, &
+conceived y^e English would be a barr in their way, and saw that
+Massasoyt took sheilter allready under their wings.
+
+But this made them y^e more carefully to looke to them selves, so as
+they agreed to inclose their dwellings with a good strong pale, and make
+flankers in convenient places, with gates to shute, which were every
+night locked, and a watch kept, and when neede required ther was also
+warding in y^e day time. And y^e company was by y^e Captaine and y^e
+Gov^r [70] advise, devided into 4. squadrons, and every one had ther
+quarter apoynted them, unto which they were to repaire upon any suddane
+alarme. And if ther should be any crie of fire, a company were appointed
+for a gard, with muskets, whilst others quenchet y^e same, to prevent
+Indean treachery. This was accomplished very cherfully, and y^e towne
+impayled round by y^e begining of March, in which evry family had a
+prety garden plote secured. And herewith I shall end this year. Only I
+shall remember one passage more, rather of mirth then of waight. One y^e
+day called Chrismasday, y^e Gov^r caled them out to worke, (as was
+used,) but y^e most of this new-company excused them selves and said it
+wente against their consciences to work on y^t day. So y^e Gov^r tould
+them that if they made it mater of conscience, he would spare them till
+they were better informed. So he led-away y^e rest and left them; but
+when they came home at noone from their worke, he found them in y^e
+streete at play, openly; some pitching y^e barr, & some at stoole-ball,
+and shuch like sports. So he went to them, and tooke away their
+implements, and tould them that was against his conscience, that they
+should play & others worke. If they made y^e keeping of it mater of
+devotion, let them kepe their houses, but ther should be no gameing or
+revelling in y^e streets. Since which time nothing hath been atempted
+that way, at least openly.
+
+_Anno 1622._
+
+At y^e spring of y^e year they had apointed y^e Massachusets to come
+againe and trade with them, and begane now to prepare for that vioag
+about y^e later end of March. But upon some rumors heard, Hobamak, their
+Indean, tould them upon some jealocies he had, he feared they were
+joyned w^th y^e Narighansets and might betray them if they were not
+carefull. He intimated also some jealocie of Squanto, by what he
+gathered from some private whisperings betweene him and other Indeans.
+But [71] they resolved to proseede, and sente out their shalop with 10.
+of their cheefe men aboute y^e begining of Aprill, and both Squanto &
+Hobamake with them, in regarde of y^e jelocie betweene them. But they
+had not bene gone longe, but an Indean belonging to Squantos family came
+runing in seeming great fear, and tould them that many of y^e
+Narihgansets, with Corbytant, and he thought also Massasoyte, were
+coming against them; and he gott away to tell them, not without danger.
+And being examined by y^e Gov^r, he made as if they were at hand, and
+would still be looking back, as if they were at his heels. At which the
+Governor caused them to take armes & stand on their garde, and supposing
+y^e boat to be still within hearing (by reason it was calme) caused a
+warning peece or 2. to be shote of, the which y^ey heard and came in.
+But no Indeans apeared; watch was kepte all night, but nothing was
+scene. Hobamak was confidente for Massasoyt, and thought all was false;
+yet y^e Gov^r caused him to send his wife privatly, to see what she
+could observe (pretening other occasions), but ther was nothing found,
+but all was quiet. After this they proseeded on their vioge to y^e
+Massachusets, and had good trade, and returned in saftie, blessed be
+God.
+
+But by the former passages, and other things of like nature, they begane
+to see y^t Squanto sought his owne ends, and plaid his owne game, by
+putting y^e Indeans in fear, and drawing gifts from them to enrich him
+selfe; making them beleeve he could stur up warr against whom he would,
+& make peece for whom he would. Yea, he made them beleeve they kept y^e
+plague buried in y^e ground, and could send it amongs whom they would,
+which did much terrifie the Indeans, and made them depend more on him,
+and seeke more to him then to Massasoyte, which proucured him envie, and
+had like to have cost him his life. For after y^e discovery of his
+practises, Massasoyt sought it both privatly and openly; which caused
+him to stick close to y^e English, & never durst goe from them till he
+dyed. They also made good use of y^e emulation y^t grue betweene
+Hobamack and him, which made them cary more squarely. And y^e Gov^r
+seemed to countenance y^e one, and y^e Captaine y^e other, by which they
+had better intelligence, and made them both more diligente.
+
+[72] Now in a maner their provissions were wholy spent, and they looked
+hard for supply, but none came. But about y^e _later end of May_, they
+spied _a boat_ at sea, which at first they thought had beene some
+Frenchman; but it proved a shalop which came from a ship which M^r.
+Weston & an other had set out a fishing, at a place called
+Damarins-cove, 40. leagues to y^e eastward of them, wher were y^t year
+many more ships come a fishing. This boat brought 7. passengers and some
+letters, but no vitails, nor any hope of any. Some part of which I shall
+set downe.
+
+  M^r. Carver, in my last leters by y^e Fortune, in whom M^r Cushman
+  wente, and who I hope is with you, for we daly expecte y^e shipe back
+  againe. She departed hence, y^e begining of July, with 35. persons,
+  though not over well provided with necesaries, by reason of y^e
+  parsemonie of y^e adventurers.[AQ] I have solisited them to send you a
+  supply of men and provissions before shee come. They all answer they
+  will doe great maters, when they hear good news. Nothing before; so
+  faithfull, constant, & carefull of your good, are your olde & honest
+  freinds, that if they hear not from you, they are like to send you no
+  supplie, &c. I am now to relate y^e occasion of sending _this ship_,
+  hoping if you give credite to my words, you will have a more
+  favourable opinion of it, then some hear, wherof Pickering is one, who
+  taxed me to mind my owne ends, which is in part true, &c. _M^r.
+  Beachamp and my selfe_ bought _this litle ship_, and have set her out,
+  partly, if it may be, to uphold[AR] y^e plantation, as well to doe
+  others good as our selves; and partly to gett up what we are formerly
+  out; though we are otherwise censured, &c. This is y^e occasion we
+  have sent _this ship_ and these passengers, on our owne accounte; whom
+  we desire you will frendly entertaine & supply with shuch necesaries
+  as you cane spare, and they wante, &c. And among other things we pray
+  you lend or sell them some seed corne, and if you have y^e salt
+  remaining of y^e last year, that y^u will let them have it for their
+  presente use, and we will either pay you for it, or give you more when
+  we have set our salt-pan to worke, which we desire may be set up in
+  one of y^e litle ilands in your bay, &c. And because we intende, if
+  God plase, [73] (and y^e generallitie doe it not,) _to send within a
+  month another shipe_, who, having discharged her passengers, _shal goe
+  to Virginia_, &c. And it may be we shall send a _small ship to abide
+  with you_ on y^e coast, which I conceive may be a great help to y^e
+  plantation. To y^e end our desire may be effected, which, I assure my
+  selfe, will be also for your good, we pray you give them
+  entertainmente in your houses y^e time they shall be with you, that
+  they may lose no time, but may presently goe in hand to fell trees &
+  cleave them, to y^e end lading may be ready and our ship stay not.
+
+  Some of y^e adventurers have sent you hearwith all some directions for
+  your furtherance in y^e co[=m]one bussines, who are like those S^t.
+  James speaks of, y^t bid their brother eat, and warme him, but give
+  him nothing; so they bid you make salt, and uphold y^e plantation, but
+  send you no means wherwithall to doe it, &c. By _y^e next_ we purpose
+  _to send more people on our owne accounte_, and _to take a patente_;
+  that if your peopl should be as unhumane as some of y^e adventurers,
+  not to admite us to dwell with them, which were extreme barbarisme,
+  and which will never enter into my head to thinke you have any shuch
+  Pickerings amongst you. Yet to satisfie our passengers I must of force
+  doe it; and for some other reasons not necessary to be writen, &c. I
+  find y^e generall so backward, and your freinds at Leyden so could,
+  that I fear you must stand on your leggs, and trust (as they say) to
+  God and your selves.
+
+  Subscribed,
+  your loving freind,
+  THO: WESTON.
+
+  Jan: 12. 1621.
+
+Sundry other things I pass over, being tedious & impertinent.
+
+All this was but could comfort to fill their hungrie bellies, and a
+slender performance of his former late promiss; and as litle did it
+either fill or warme them, as those y^e Apostle James spake of, by him
+before mentioned. And well might it make them remember what y^e psalmist
+saith, Psa. 118. 8. _It is better to trust in the Lord, then to have
+confidence in man._ And Psa. 146. _Put not you trust in princes_ (much
+less in y^e marchants) _nor in y^e sone of man, for ther is no help in
+them._ v. 5. _Blesed is he that hath y^e God of Jacob for his help,
+whose hope is in y^e Lord his God._ And as they were now fayled of suply
+by him and others in this their greatest neede and wants, which was
+caused by him and y^e rest, who put so great a company of men upon them,
+as y^e former company were, without any food, and came at shuch a time
+as they must live almost a whole year before any could [74] be raised,
+excepte they had sente some; so, upon y^e pointe they never had any
+supply of vitales more afterwards (but what the Lord gave them
+otherwise); for all y^e company sent at any time was allways too short
+for those people y^t came with it.
+
+Ther came allso _by y^e same ship_ other leters, but of later date, one
+from M^r. Weston, an other from a parte of y^e adventurers, as foloweth.
+
+  M^r. Carver, since my last, to y^e end we might y^e more readily
+  proceed to help y^e generall, at a meeting of some of y^e principall
+  adventurers, a proposition was put forth, & alowed by all presente
+  (save Pickering), to adventure each man y^e third parte of what he
+  formerly had done. And ther are some other y^t folow his example, and
+  will adventure no furder. In regard wherof y^e greater part of y^e
+  adventurers being willing to uphold y^e bussines, finding it no reason
+  that those y^t are willing should uphold y^e bussines of those that
+  are unwilling, whose backwardnes doth discourage those that are
+  forward, and hinder other new-adventurers from coming in, we having
+  well considered therof, have resolved, according to an article in y^e
+  agreemente, (_that it may be lawfull by a generall consente of y^e
+  adventurers & planters, upon just occasion, to breake of their joynte
+  stock_,) to breake it of; and doe pray you to ratifie, and confirme
+  y^e same on your parts. Which being done, we shall y^e more willingly
+  goe forward for y^e upholding of you with all things necesarie. But in
+  any case you must agree to y^e artickls, and send it by y^e first
+  under your hands & seals. So I end
+
+  Your loving freind,
+  THO: WESTON.
+
+  Jan: 17. 1621.
+
+Another leter was write from part of y^e company of y^e adventurers to
+the same purpose, and subscribed with 9. of their names, wherof M^r.
+Westons & M^r. Beachamphs were tow. Thes things seemed strang unto them,
+seeing this unconstancie & shufling; it made them to thinke ther was
+some misterie in y^e matter. And therfore y^e Gov^r concealed these
+letters from y^e publick, only imparted them to some trustie freinds for
+advice, who concluded with him, that this tended to disband & scater
+them (in regard of their straits); and if M^r. Weston & others, who
+seemed to rune in a perticuler way, should come over with shiping so
+provided as his letters did intimate, they most would fall to him, to
+y^e prejudice of them selves & y^e rest of the adventurers,[AS] their
+freinds, from whom as yet they heard nothing. And it was doubted whether
+he had not sente [75] over shuch a company in y^e former ship, for
+shuch an end. Yet they tooke compassion of those 7. men which _this
+ship, which fished to y^e eastward, had kept till planting time was
+over_, and so could set no corne; and allso wanting vitals, (for y^ey
+turned them off w^{th}out any, and indeed wanted for them selves,)
+neither was their salt-pan come, so as y^ey could not performe any of
+those things which M^r. Weston had apointed, and might have starved if
+y^e plantation had not succoured them; who, in their wants, gave them as
+good as any of their owne. _The ship wente to Virginia_, wher they sould
+both ship & fish, of which (it was conceived) M^r. Weston had a very
+slender accounte.
+
+_After this came another of his ships_, and brought letters dated y^e
+10. of Aprill, from M^r. Weston, as followeth.
+
+  M^r. Bradford, these, &c. _The Fortune_ is arived, of whose good news
+  touching your estate & proce[=e]ings, I am very glad to hear. And how
+  soever he was robed on y^e way by y^e Frenchmen, yet I hope your loss
+  will not be great, for y^e conceite of so great a returne doth much
+  animate y^e adventurers, so y^t I hope some matter of importance will
+  be done by them, &c. As for my selfe, I have sould my adventure &
+  debts unto them, so as I am quit[AT] of you, & you of me, for that
+  matter, &c. Now though I have nothing to pretend as an adventurer
+  amongst you, yet I will advise you a litle for your good, if you can
+  apprehend it. I perceive & know as well as another, y^e dispositions
+  of _your adventurers_, whom y^e hope of gaine hath drawne on to this
+  they have done; and yet I fear y^t hope will not draw them much
+  furder. Besids, _most of them are against the sending of them of
+  Leyden, for whose cause this bussines was first begune_, and some of
+  y^e most religious (as M^r. Greene by name) excepts against them. So
+  y^t my advice is (you may follow it if you please) that you forthwith
+  break of your joynte stock, which you have warente to doe, both in law
+  & conscience, for y^e most parte of y^e adventurers have given way
+  unto it by a former letter. And y^e means you have ther, which I hope
+  will be to some purpose by y^e trade of this spring, may, with y^e
+  help of some freinds hear, bear y^e charge of tr[=a]sporting those of
+  Leyden; and when they are with you I make no question but by Gods help
+  you will be able to subsist of your selves. But I shall leave you to
+  your discretion.
+
+  I desired diverce of y^e adventurers, as M^r. Peirce, M^r. Greene, &
+  others, if they had any thing to send you, either vitails or leters,
+  to send them _by these ships_; and marvelling they sent not so much as
+  a letter, I asked our passengers what leters they had, and with some
+  dificultie one of them tould me he had one, which was delivered him
+  with [76] great charge of secrecie; and for more securitie, to buy a
+  paire of new-shoes, & sow it betweene y^e soles for fear of
+  intercepting. I, taking y^e leter, wondering what mistrie might be in
+  it, broke it open, and found this treacherous letter subscribed by y^e
+  hands of M^r. Pickering & M^r. Greene. Wich leter had it come to you^r
+  hands without answer, might have caused y^e hurt, if not y^e ruine, of
+  us all. For assuredly if you had followed their instructions, and
+  shewed us that unkindness which they advise you unto, to hold us in
+  distruste as enimise, &c., it might have been an occasion to have set
+  us togeather by y^e eares, to y^e distruction of us all. For I doe
+  beleeve that in shuch a case, they knowing what bussines hath been
+  betweene us, not only my brother, but others also, would have been
+  violent, and heady against you, &c. I mente to have setled y^e people
+  I before and now send, with or near you, as well for their as your
+  more securitie and defence, as help on all occasions. But I find y^e
+  adventurers so jealous & suspitious, that I have altered my
+  resolution, & given order to my brother & those with him, to doe as
+  they and him selfe shall find fitte. Thus, &c.
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  THO: WESTON.
+
+  Aprill 10. 1621.
+
+_Some part of Mr. Pickerings letter before mentioned._
+
+  To M^r. Bradford & M^r. Brewster, &c.
+
+  My dear love remembred unto you all, &c. The company hath bought out
+  M^r. Weston, and are very glad they are freed of him, he being judged
+  a man y^t thought him selfe above y^e generall, and not expresing so
+  much y^e fear of God as was meete in a man to whom shuch trust should
+  have been reposed in a matter of so great importance. I am sparing to
+  be so plaine as indeed is clear against him; but a few words to y^e
+  wise.
+
+  M^r. Weston will not permitte leters to be sent in _his ships_, nor
+  any thing for your good or ours, of which ther is some reason in
+  respecte of him selfe, &c. His brother Andrew, whom he doth send as
+  principall _in one of these ships_, is a heady yong man, & violente,
+  and set against you ther, & y^e company hear; ploting with M^r. Weston
+  their owne ends, which tend to your & our undooing in respecte of our
+  estates ther, and prevention of our good ends. For by credible
+  testimoney we are informed his purpose is to come to your colonie,
+  pretending he comes for and from y^e adventurers, and will seeke to
+  gett what you have in readynes [77] into _his ships_, as if they came
+  from y^e company, & possessing all, will be so much profite to him
+  selfe. And further to informe them selves what spetiall places or
+  things you have discovered, to y^e end that they may supres & deprive
+  you, &c.
+
+  The Lord, who is y^e watchman of Israll & slepeth not, preserve you &
+  deliver you from unreasonable men. I am sorie that ther is cause to
+  admonish you of these things concerning this man; so I leave you to
+  God, who bless and multiply you into thousands, to the advancemente of
+  y^e glorious gospell of our Lord Jesus. Amen. Fare well.
+
+  Your loving freinds,
+  EDWARD PICKERING.
+  WILLIAM GREENE.
+
+ I pray conceale both y^e writing & deliverie of this leter, but make
+ the best use of it. _We hope to sete forth a ship our selves with in
+ this month._
+
+_The heads of his answer._
+
+  M^r. Bradford, this is y^e leter y^t I wrote unto you of, which to
+  answer in every perticuler is needles & tedious. My owne conscience &
+  all our people can and I thinke will testifie, y^t my end in sending
+  _y^e ship Sparrow_ was your good, &c. Now I will not deney but ther
+  are many of our people rude fellows, as these men terme them; yet I
+  presume they will be governed by such as I set over them. And I hope
+  not only to be able to reclaime them from y^t profanenes that may
+  scandalise y^e vioage, but by degrees to draw them to God, &c. I am so
+  farr from sending rude fellows to deprive you either by fraude or
+  violence of what is yours, as I have charged y^e m^r. of y^e _ship
+  Sparrow_, not only to leave with you 2000. of bread, but also a good
+  quantitie of fish,[AU] &c. But I will leave it to you to consider what
+  evill this leter would or might have done, had it come to your hands &
+  taken y^e effecte y^e other desired.
+
+  Now if you be of y^e mind y^t these men are, deale plainly with us, &
+  we will seeke our residence els-wher. If you are as freindly as we
+  have thought you to be, give us y^e entertainment of freinds, and we
+  will take nothing from you, neither meat, drinke, nor lodging, but
+  what we will, in one kind or other, pay you for, &c. I shall leave in
+  y^e countrie _a litle ship_ (if God send her safe thither) with
+  mariners & fisher-men to stay ther, who shall coast, & trad with y^e
+  savages, & y^e old plantation. It may be we shall be as helpfull to
+  you, as you will be to us. I thinke I shall see you y^e next spring;
+  and so I comend you to y^e protection of God, who ever keep you.
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  THO: WESTON.
+
+[78] Thus all ther hops in regard of M^r. Weston were layed in y^e dust,
+and all his promised helpe turned into an empttie advice, which they
+apprehended was nether lawfull nor profitable for them to follow. And
+they were not only thus left destitute of help in their extreme wants,
+haveing neither vitails, nor any thing to trade with, but others
+prepared & ready to glean up what y^e cuntrie might have afforded for
+their releefe. As for those harsh censures & susspitions intimated in
+y^e former and following leters, they desired to judg as charitably and
+wisly of them as they could, waighing them in y^e ballance of love and
+reason; and though they (in parte) came from godly & loveing freinds,
+yet they conceived many things might arise from over deepe jealocie and
+fear, togeather with unmeete provocations, though they well saw M^r.
+Weston pursued his owne ends, and was imbittered in spirite. For after
+the receit of y^e former leters, the Gov^r received one from M^r.
+Cushman, who went home in y^e ship, and was allway intimate with M^r.
+Weston, (as former passages declare), and it was much marveled that
+nothing was heard from him, all this while. But it should seeme it was
+y^e difficulty of sending, for this leter was directed as y^e leter of a
+wife to her husband, who was here, and brought by him to y^e Gov^r. It
+was as followeth.
+
+  Beloved S^r: I hartily salute you, with trust of your health, and many
+  thanks for your love. By Gods providence we got well home y^e 17. _of
+  Feb_. Being robbed by y^e French-men by y^e way, and carried by them
+  into France, and were kepte ther 15. days, and lost all y^t we had
+  that was worth taking; but thanks be to God, we escaped with our lives
+  & ship. I see not y^t it worketh any discouragment hear. I purpose by
+  Gods grace _to see you_ shortly, _I hope in June nexte, or before_. In
+  y^e mean space know these things, and I pray you be advertised a
+  litle. M^r. Weston hath quite broken of from our company, through some
+  discontents y^t arose betwext him and some of our adventurers, & hath
+  sould all his adventurs, & _hath now sent 3. smale ships for his
+  perticuler plantation_. The _greatest_ wherof, _being 100. tune_, M^r.
+  Reynolds goeth m^r. and he with y^e rest purposeth to come him selfe;
+  for what end I know not.
+
+  The people which they cary are no men for us, wherfore I pray you
+  entertaine them not, neither exchainge man for man with them, excepte
+  it be some of your worst. He hath taken a patente for him selfe. If
+  they offerr to buy any thing of you, let it be shuch as you can spare,
+  and let them give y^e worth of it. If they borrow any thing of you,
+  let them leave a good pawne, &c. It is like he [78[AV]] will plant to
+  y^e southward of y^e Cape, for William Trevore hath lavishly tould but
+  what he knew or imagined of Capewack, Mohiggen, & y^e Narigansets. I
+  fear these people will hardly deale so well with y^e savages as they
+  should. I pray you therfore signifie to Squanto, that they are a
+  distincte body from us, and we have nothing to doe with them, neither
+  must be blamed for their falts, much less can warrente their
+  fidelitie. We are aboute to recover our losses in France. Our freinds
+  at Leyden are well, and will come to you as many as can _this time_. I
+  hope all will turne to y^e best, wherfore I pray you be not
+  discouraged, but gather up your selfe to goe thorow these dificulties
+  cherfully & with courage in y^t place wherin God hath sett you, untill
+  y^e day of refreshing come. And y^e Lord God of sea & land bring us
+  comfortably togeather againe, if it may stand with his glorie.
+
+  Yours,
+  ROBART CUSHMAN.
+
+
+On y^e other sid of y^e leafe, in y^e same leter, came these few lines
+from M^r. John Peirce, in whose name the patente was taken, and of whom
+more will follow, to be spoken in its place.
+
+  Worthy S^r: I desire you to take into consideration that which is
+  writen on y^e other side, and not any way to damnifie your owne
+  collony, whos strength is but weaknes, and may therby be more
+  infeebled. And for y^e leters of association, by y^e next ship we
+  send, I hope you shall receive satisfaction; in y^e mean time whom you
+  admite I will approve. But as for M^r. Weston's company, I thinke them
+  so base in condition (for y^e most parte) as in all apearance not
+  fitt for an honest mans company. I wish they prove other wise. My
+  purpose is not to enlarge my selfe, but cease in these few lins, and
+  so rest
+
+  Your loving freind,
+  JOHN PEIRCE.
+
+
+All these things they pondred and well considered, yet concluded to give
+his men frendly entertainmente; partly in regard of M^r. Weston him
+selfe, considering what he had been unto them, & done for them, & to
+some, more espetially; and partly in compassion to y^e people, who were
+now come into a willdernes, (as them selves were,) and were by _y^e
+ship_ to be presently put a shore, (for she was _to cary other
+passengers to Virginia_, who lay at great charge,) and they were
+alltogeather unacquainted & knew not what to doe. So as they had
+received his former company of 7. men, and vitailed them as their owne
+hitherto, so they also received _these_ (being aboute 60. lusty men),
+and gave [79] housing for them selves and their goods; and many being
+sicke, they had y^e best means y^e place could aford them. They stayed
+hear y^e most parte of y^e so[=m]er till _y^e ship came back againe from
+Virginia_. Then, by his direction, or those whom he set over them, they
+removed into y^e Massachusset Bay, he having got a patente for some part
+ther, (by light of ther former discovery in leters sent home). Yet they
+left all ther sicke folke hear till they were setled and housed. But of
+ther victails they had not any, though they were in great wante, nor
+any thing els in recompence of any courtecie done them; neither did they
+desire it, for they saw they were an unruly company, and had no good
+govermente over them, and by disorder would soone fall into wants if
+M^r. Weston came not y^e sooner amongst them; and therfore, to prevente
+all after occasion, would have nothing of them.
+
+Amids these streigths, and y^e desertion of those from whom they had
+hoped for supply, and when famine begane now to pinch them sore, they
+not knowing what to doe, the Lord, (who never fails his,) presents them
+with an occasion, beyond all expectation. This boat which came from y^e
+eastward brought them a letter from a stranger, of whose name they had
+never heard before, being a captaine of a ship come ther a fishing. This
+leter was as followeth. Being thus inscribed.
+
+  To all his good freinds at Plimoth, these, &c.
+
+  Freinds, cuntrimen, & neighbours: I salute you, and wish you all
+  health and hapines in y^e Lord. I make bould with these few lines to
+  trouble you, because unless I were unhumane, I can doe no less. Bad
+  news doth spread it selfe too farr; yet I will so farr informe you
+  that my selfe, with many good freinds in y^e south-collonie of
+  Virginia, have received shuch a blow, that 400. persons large will not
+  make good our losses. Therfore I doe intreat you (allthough not
+  knowing you) that y^e old rule which I learned when I went to schoole,
+  may be sufficente. That is, Hapie is he whom other mens harmes doth
+  make to beware. And now againe and againe, wishing all those y^t
+  willingly would serve y^e Lord, all health and happines in this world,
+  and everlasting peace in y^e world to come. And so I rest,
+
+  Yours,
+  JOHN HUDLSTON.
+
+
+By this boat y^e Gov^r returned a thankfull answer, as was meete, and
+sent a boate of their owne with them, which was piloted by them, in
+which M^r. Winslow was sente to procure what provissions he could of y^e
+ships, who was kindly received by y^e foresaid gentill-man, who not only
+spared what he [90[AW]] could, but writ to others to doe y^e like. By
+which means he gott some good quantitie and returned in saftie, by which
+y^e plantation had a duble benefite, first, a present refreshing by y^e
+food brought, and secondly, they knew y^e way to those parts for their
+benifite hearafter. But what was gott, & this small boat brought, being
+devided among so many, came but to a litle, yet by Gods blesing it
+upheld them till harvest. It arose but to a quarter of a pound of bread
+a day to each person; and y^e Gov^r caused it to be dayly given them,
+otherwise, had it been in their owne custody, they would have eate it up
+& then starved. But thus, with what els they could get, they made pretie
+shift till corne was ripe.
+
+This so[=m]er they builte a fort with good timber, both strong & comly,
+which was of good defence, made with a flate rofe & batllments, on which
+their ordnance were mounted, and wher they kepte constante watch,
+espetially in time of danger. It served them allso for a meeting house,
+and was fitted accordingly for that use. It was a great worke for them
+in this weaknes and time of wants; but y^e deanger of y^e time required
+it, and both y^e continuall rumors of y^e fears from y^e Indeans hear,
+espetially y^e Narigansets, and also y^e hearing of that great massacre
+in Virginia, made all hands willing to despatch y^e same.
+
+Now y^e wellcome time of harvest aproached, in which all had their
+hungrie bellies filled. But it arose but to a litle, in comparison of a
+full years supplie; partly by reason they were not yet well aquainted
+with y^e ma[=n]er of Indean corne, (and they had no other,) allso their
+many other imployments, but cheefly their weaknes for wante of food, to
+tend it as they should have done. Also much was stolne both by night &
+day, before it became scarce eatable, & much more afterward. And though
+many were well whipt (when they were taken) for a few ears of corne, yet
+hunger made others (whom conscience did not restraine) to venture. So as
+it well appeared y^e famine must still insue y^e next year allso, if not
+some way prevented, or supplie should faile, to which they durst not
+trust. Markets there was none to goe too, but only y^e Indeans, and
+they had no trading comodities. Behold now another providence of God; a
+ship comes into y^e [91] harbor, one Captain Jons being cheefe therin.
+They were set out by some marchants to discovere all y^e harbors
+betweene this & Virginia, and y^e shoulds of Cap-Cod, and to trade along
+y^e coast wher they could. This ship had store of English-beads (which
+were then good trade) and some knives, but would sell none but at dear
+rates, and also a good quantie togeather. Yet they weere glad of y^e
+occasion, and faine to buy at any rate; they were faine to give after
+y^e rate of cento per cento, if not more, and yet pay away coat-beaver
+at 3^s. per^li, which in a few years after yeelded 20^s. By this means
+they were fitted againe to trade for beaver & other things, and intended
+to buy what corne they could.
+
+But I will hear take liberty to make a litle digression. Ther was in
+_this ship_ a gentle-man by name M^r. John Poory; he had been secretarie
+in Virginia, and was now going home passenger _in this ship_. After his
+departure he write a leter to y^e Gov^r in the postscrite wherof he hath
+these lines.
+
+  To your selfe and M^r. Brewster, I must acknowledg my selfe many ways
+  indebted, whose books I would have you thinke very well bestowed on
+  him, who esteemeth them shuch juells. My hast would not suffer me to
+  remember (much less to begg) M^r. Ainsworths elaborate worke upon y^e
+  5. books of Moyses. Both his & M^r. Robinsons doe highly commend the
+  authors, as being most conversante in y^e scripturs of all others. And
+  what good (who knows) it may please God to worke by them, through my
+  hands, (though most unworthy,) who finds shuch high contente in them.
+  God have you all in his keeping.
+
+  Your unfained and firme friend,
+  JOHN PORY.
+
+  Aug. 28. 1622.
+
+
+These things I hear inserte for honour sake of y^e authors memorie,
+which this gentle-man doth thus ingeniusly acknowledg; and him selfe
+after his returne did this poore-plantation much credite amongst those
+of no mean ranck. But to returne.
+
+[92] _Shortly after harvest_ M^r. Westons people who were now seated at
+y^e Massachusets, and by disorder (as it seems) had made havock of their
+provissions, begane now to perceive that want would come upon them. And
+hearing that they hear had bought trading comodities & intended to trade
+for corne, they write to y^e Gov^r and desired they might joyne with
+them, and they would imploy their small ship in y^e servise; and furder
+requested either to lend or sell them so much of their trading
+comodities as their part might come to, and they would undertake to make
+paymente when M^r. Weston, or their supply, should come. The Gov^r
+condesended upon equall terms of agreemente, thinkeing to goe aboute y^e
+Cap to y^e southward with y^e ship, wher some store of corne might be
+got. Althings being provided, Captaint Standish was apointed to goe
+with them, and Squanto for a guid & interpreter, about y^e _latter end
+of September_; but y^e winds put them in againe, & putting out y^e 2.
+time, he fell sick of a feavor, so y^e Gov^r wente him selfe. But they
+could not get aboute y^e should of Cap-Cod, for flats & breakers,
+neither could Squanto directe them better, nor y^e m^r. durst venture
+any further, so they put into Manamoyack Bay and got w^t[AX] they could
+ther. In this place Squanto fell sick of an Indean feavor, bleeding much
+at y^e nose (which y^e Indeans take for a simptome of death), and within
+a few days dyed ther; desiring y^e Gov^r to pray for him, that he might
+goe to y^e Englishmens God in heaven, and bequeathed sundrie of his
+things to sundry of his English freinds, as remembrances of his love; of
+whom they had a great loss. They got in this vioage, in one place &
+other, about 26. or 28. hogsheads of corne & beans, which was more then
+the Indeans could well spare in these parts, for y^e set but a litle
+till they got English hows. And so were faine to returne, being sory
+they could not gett about the Cap, to have been better laden. After ward
+y^e Gov^r tooke a few men & wente to y^e inland places, to get what he
+could, and to fetch it home at y^e spring, which did help them
+something.
+
+[93] After these things, in _Feb_: a messenger came from John Sanders,
+who was left cheefe over M^r. Weston's men in y^e bay of Massachusets,
+who brought a letter shewing the great wants they were falen into; and
+he would have borrowed a hh of corne of y^e Indeans, but they would lend
+him none. He desired advice whether he might not take it from them by
+force to succore his men till he came from y^e eastward, whither he was
+going. The Gov^r & rest deswaded him by all means from it, for it might
+so exasperate the Indeans as might endanger their saftie, and all of us
+might smart for it; for they had already heard how they had so wronged
+y^e Indeans by stealing their corne, &c. as they were much incensed
+against them. Yea, so base were some of their own company, as they wente
+& tould y^e Indeans y^t their Gov^r was purposed to come and take their
+corne by force. The which with other things made them enter into a
+conspiracie against y^e English, of which more in y^e nexte. Hear with I
+end this year.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1623._
+
+It may be thought strang that these people should fall to these
+extremities in so short a time, being left competently provided when y^e
+ship left them, and had an addition by that moyetie of corn that was got
+by trade, besids much they gott of y^e Indans wher they lived, by one
+means & other. It must needs be their great disorder, for they spent
+excesseivly whilst they had, or could get it; and, it may be, wasted
+parte away among y^e Indeans (for he y^t was their cheef was taxed by
+some amongst them for keeping Indean women, how truly I know not). And
+after they begane to come into wants, many sould away their cloathes and
+bed coverings; others (so base were they) became servants to y^e
+Indeans, and would cutt them woode & fetch them water, for a cap full of
+corne; others fell to plaine stealing, both night & day, from y^e
+Indeans, of which they greevosly complained. In y^e end, they came to
+that misery, that some starved & dyed with could & hunger. One in
+geathering shell-fish was so weake as he stuck fast in y^e mudd, and was
+found dead in y^e place. At last most of them left their dwellings &
+scatered up & downe in y^e [94] woods, & by y^e water sids, wher they
+could find ground nuts & clames, hear 6. and ther ten. By which their
+cariages they became contemned & scorned of y^e Indeans, and they begane
+greatly to insulte over them in a most insolente maner; insomuch, many
+times as they lay thus scatered abrod, and had set on a pot with ground
+nuts or shell-fish, when it was ready the Indeans would come and eate it
+up; and when night came, wheras some of them had a sorie blanket, or
+such like, to lappe them selves in, the Indeans would take it and let
+y^e other lye all nighte in the could; so as their condition was very
+lamentable. Yea, in y^e end they were faine to hange one of their men,
+whom they could not reclaime from stealing, to give y^e Indeans
+contente.
+
+Whilst things wente in this maner with them, y^e Gov^r & people hear
+had notice y^t Massasoyte ther freind was sick & near unto death. They
+sent to vissete him, and withall sente him such comfortable things as
+gave him great contente, and was a means of his recovery; upon which
+occasion he discovers y^e conspiracie of these Indeans, how they were
+resolved to cutt of M^r. Westons people, for the continuall injuries
+they did them, & would now take opportunitie of their weaknes to doe it;
+and for that end had conspired with other Indeans their neighbours their
+aboute. And thinking the people hear would revenge their death, they
+therfore thought to doe y^e like by them, & had solisited him to joyne
+with them. He advised them therfore to prevent it, and that speedly by
+taking of some of y^e cheefe of them, before it was to late, for he
+asured them of y^e truth hereof.
+
+This did much trouble them, and they tooke it into serious delibration,
+and found upon examenation other evidence to give light hear unto, to
+longe hear to relate. In y^e mean time, came one of them from y^e
+Massachucets, with a small pack at his back; and though he knew not a
+foote of y^e way, yet he got safe hither, but lost his way, which was
+well for him, for he was pursued, and so was mist. He tould them hear
+how all things stood amongst them, and that he durst stay no longer, he
+apprehended they (by what he observed) would be all knokt in y^e head
+shortly. This made them make y^e more hast, & dispatched a boate away
+w^th Capten Standish & some men, who found them in a miserable
+condition, out of which he rescued them, and helped them to some releef,
+cut of some few of y^e cheefe conspirators, and, according to his order,
+offered to bring them all hither if they thought good; and they should
+fare no worse then them selves, till M^r. Weston or some supplie came to
+them. Or, if any other course liked them better, he was to doe them any
+helpfullnes he could. They thanked him & y^e rest. But most of them
+desired he would help them with some corne, and they would goe with
+their smale ship to y^e eastward, wher hapily they might here of M^r.
+Weston, or some supply from him, seing y^e time of y^e year was for
+fishing ships to [95] be in y^e land. If not, they would worke among y^e
+fishermen for their liveing, and get ther passage into England, if they
+heard nothing from M^r. Weston in time. So they shipped what they had of
+any worth, and he got them all y^e corne he could (scarce leaving to
+bring him home), and saw them well out of the bay, under saile at sea,
+and so came home, not takeing y^e worth of a peny of any thing that was
+theirs. I have but touched these things breefly, because they have
+allready been published in printe more at large.
+
+This was y^e end of these that some time bosted of their strength,
+(being all able lustie men,) and what they would doe & bring to pass,
+in comparison of y^e people hear, who had many women & children and weak
+ons amongst them; and said at their first arivall, when they saw the
+wants hear, that they would take an other course, and not to fall into
+shuch a condition, as this simple people were come too. But a mans way
+is not in his owne power; God can make y^e weake to stand; let him also
+that standeth take heed least he fall.
+
+Shortly after, M^r. Weston came over with some of y^e fishermen, under
+another name, and y^e disguise of a blacke-smith, were he heard of y^e
+ruine and disolution of his colony. He got a boat and with a man or 2.
+came to see how things were. But by y^e way, for wante of skill, in a
+storme, he cast away his shalop in y^e botome of y^e bay between Meremek
+river & Pascataquack, & hardly escaped with life, and afterwards fell
+into the hands of y^e Indeans, who pillaged him of all he saved from the
+sea, & striped him out of all his cloaths to his shirte. At last he got
+to Pascataquack, & borrowed a suite of cloaths, and got means to come to
+Plimoth. A strang alteration ther was in him to such as had seen & known
+him in his former florishing condition; so uncertaine are y^e mutable
+things of this unstable world. And yet men set their harts upon them,
+though they dayly see y^e vanity therof.
+
+After many passages, and much discourse, (former things boyling in his
+mind, but bit in as was discernd,) he desired to borrow some beaver of
+them; and tould them he had hope of a ship & good supply to come to him,
+and then they should have any thing for it they stood in neede of. They
+gave litle credite to his supplie, but pitied his case, and remembered
+former curtesies. They tould him he saw their wants, and they knew not
+when they should have any supply; also how y^e case stood betweene them
+& their adventurers, he well knew; they had not much bever, & if they
+should let him have it, it were enoughe to make a mutinie among y^e
+people, seeing ther was no other means to procure them foode which they
+so much wanted, & cloaths allso. Yet they tould him they would help him,
+considering his necessitie, but must doe it secretly for y^e former
+reasons. So they let him have 100. beaver-skins, which waighed 170^li.
+odd pounds. Thus they helpt him when all y^e world faild him, and with
+this means he went againe to y^e ships, and stayed his small ship & some
+of his men, & bought provissions and fited him selfe; and it was y^e
+only foundation [96] of his after course. But he requited them ill, for
+he proved after a bitter enimie unto them upon all occasions, and never
+repayed them any thing for it, to this day, but reproches and evill
+words. Yea, he divolged it to some that were none of their best freinds,
+whilst he yet had y^e beaver in his boat; that he could now set them all
+togeather by y^e ears, because they had done more then they could
+answer, in letting him have this beaver, and he did not spare to doe
+what he could. But his malice could not prevaile.
+
+All this whille no supply was heard of, neither knew they when they
+might expecte any. So they begane to thinke how they might raise as much
+corne as they could, and obtaine a beter crope then they had done, that
+they might not still thus languish in miserie. At length, after much
+debate of things, the Gov^r (with y^e advise of y^e cheefest amongest
+them) gave way that they should set corne every man for his owne
+perticuler, and in that regard trust to them selves; in all other things
+to goe on in y^e generall way as before. And so assigned to every family
+a parcell of land, according to the proportion of their number for that
+end, only for present use (but made no devission for inheritance), and
+ranged all boys & youth under some familie. This had very good success;
+for it made all hands very industrious, so as much more corne was
+planted then other waise would have bene by any means y^e Gov^r or any
+other could use, and saved him a great deall of trouble, and gave farr
+better contente. The women now wente willingly into y^e feild, and tooke
+their litle-ons with them to set corne, which before would aledg
+weaknes, and inabilitie; whom to have compelled would have bene thought
+great tiranie and oppression.
+
+The experience that was had in this co[=m]one course and condition,
+tried sundrie years, and that amongst godly and sober men, may well
+evince the vanitie of that conceite of Platos & other ancients,
+applauded by some of later times;--that y^e taking away of propertie,
+and bringing in co[=m]unitie into a comone wealth, would make them happy
+and florishing; as if they were wiser then God. For this comunitie (so
+farr as it was) was found to breed much confusion & discontent, and
+retard much imploym[=e]t that would have been to their benefite and
+comforte. For y^e yong-men that were most able and fitte for labour &
+service did repine that they should spend their time & streingth to
+worke for other mens wives and children, with out any recompence. The
+strong, or man of parts, had no more in devission of victails & cloaths,
+then he that was weake and not able to doe a quarter y^e other could;
+this was thought injuestice. The aged and graver men to be ranked and
+[97] equalised in labours, and victails, cloaths, &c., with y^e meaner &
+yonger sorte, thought it some indignite & disrespect unto them. And for
+mens wives to be commanded to doe servise for other men, as dresing
+their meate, washing their cloaths, &c., they deemd it a kind of
+slaverie, neither could many husbands well brooke it. Upon y^e poynte
+all being to have alike, and all to doe alike, they thought them selves
+in y^e like condition, and one as good as another; and so, if it did not
+cut of those relations that God hath set amongest men, yet it did at
+least much diminish and take of y^e mutuall respects that should be
+preserved amongst them. And would have bene worse if they had been men
+of another condition. Let none objecte this is men's corruption, and
+nothing to y^e course it selfe. I answer, seeing all men have this
+corruption in them, God in his wisdome saw another course fiter for
+them.
+
+But to returne. After this course setled, and by that their co[=r]e was
+planted, all ther victails were spente, and they were only to rest on
+Gods providence; at night not many times knowing wher to have a bitt of
+any thing y^e next day. And so, as one well observed, had need to pray
+that God would give them their dayly brade, above all people in y^e
+world. Yet they bore these wants with great patience & allacritie of
+spirite, and that for so long a time as for y^e most parte of 2. years;
+which makes me remember what Peter Martire writs, (in magnifying y^e
+Spaniards) in his 5. Decade, pag. 208. _They_ (saith he) _led a
+miserable life for 5. days togeather, with y^e parched graine of maize
+only, and that not to saturitie_; and then concluds, _that shuch pains,
+shuch labours, and shuch hunger, he thought none living which is not a
+Spaniard could have endured_. But alass! these, when they had maize (y^t
+is, Indean corne) they thought it as good as a feast, and wanted not
+only for 5. days togeather, but some time 2. or 3. months togeather, and
+neither had bread nor any kind of corne. Indeed, in an other place, in
+his 2. Decade, page 94. he mentions how others of them were worse put to
+it, wher they were faine to eate doggs, toads, and dead men, and so dyed
+almost all. From these extremities the[AY] Lord in his goodnes kept
+these his people, and in their great wants preserved both their lives
+and healthes; let his name have y^e praise. Yet let me hear make use of
+his conclusion, which in some sorte may be applied to this people: _That
+with their miseries they opened a way to these new-lands; and after
+these stormes, with what ease other men came to inhabite in them, in
+respecte of y^e calamities these men suffered; so as they seeme to goe
+to a bride feaste wher all things are provided for them._
+
+They haveing but one boat left and she not over well fitted, they were
+devided into severall companies, 6. or 7. to a gangg or company, and so
+wente out with a nett they had bought, to take bass & such like fish, by
+course, every company knowing their turne. No sooner was y^e boate
+discharged [98] of what she brought, but y^e next company tooke her and
+wente out with her. Neither did they returne till they had cauight
+something, though it were 5. or 6. days before, for they knew ther was
+nothing at home, and to goe home emptie would be a great discouragemente
+to y^e rest. Yea, they strive who should doe best. If she stayed longe
+or got litle, then all went to seeking of shel-fish, which at low-water
+they digged out of y^e sands. And this was their living in y^e so[=m]er
+time, till God sente y^m beter; & in winter they were helped with
+ground-nuts and foule. Also in y^e so[=m]er they gott now & then a dear;
+for one or 2. of y^e fitest was apoynted to range y^e woods for y^t end,
+& what was gott that way was devided amongst them.
+
+At length they received some leters from y^e adventurers, too long and
+tedious hear to record, by which they heard of their furder crosses and
+frustrations; begining in this maner.
+
+  Loving freinds, as your sorrows & afflictions have bin great, so our
+  croses & interceptions in our proceedings hear, have not been small.
+  For after we had with much trouble & charge sente y^e _Parragon_ away
+  to sea, and thought all y^e paine past, within 14. days after she came
+  againe hither, being dangerously leaked, and brused with tempestious
+  stormes, so as shee was faine to be had into y^e docke, and an 100^li.
+  bestowed upon her. All y^e passengers lying upon our charg for 6. or
+  7. weeks, and much discontent and distemper was occasioned hereby, so
+  as some dangerous evente had like to insewed. But we trust all shall
+  be well and worke for y^e best and your benefite, if yet with patience
+  you can waite, and but have strength to hold in life. Whilst these
+  things were doing, M^r. Westons ship came and brought diverce leters
+  from you, &c. It rejoyseth us much to hear of those good reports y^t
+  diverce have brought home from you, &c.
+
+These letters were dated Des. 21: 1622.
+
+So farr of this leter.
+
+This ship was brought by M^r. John Peirce, and set out at his owne
+charge, upon hope of great maters. These passengers, & y^e goods the
+company sent in her, he tooke in for fraught, for which they agreed with
+him to be delivered hear. This was he in whose name their _first
+patente_ was taken, by reason of aquaintance, and some aliance that some
+of their freinds had with him. But his name was only used in trust. But
+when he saw they were hear hopfully thus seated, and by y^e success God
+gave them had obtained y^e favour of y^e Counsell of New-England, he
+goes and sues to them for _another patent_ of much larger extente (in
+their names), which was easily obtained. But he mente to keep it to him
+selfe and alow them what he pleased, to hold of him as tenants, and sue
+to his courts as cheefe Lord, as will appear by that which follows. But
+y^e Lord marvelously crost him; for after this first returne, and y^e
+charge above mentioned, when shee was againe fitted, he pesters him
+selfe and taks in more passengers, and those not very good to help to
+bear his losses, and sets out y^e 2. time. But [99] what y^e event was
+will appear from another leter from one of y^e cheefe of y^e company,
+dated y^e 9. of Aprill, 1623. writ to y^e Gov^r hear, as followeth.
+
+  Loving freind, when I write my last leter, I hope to have received one
+  from you well-nigh by this time. But when I write in Des: I litle
+  thought to have seen M^r. John Peirce till he had brought some good
+  tidings from you. But it pleased God, he brought us y^e wofull tidings
+  of his returne when he was half-way over, by extraime tempest, werin
+  y^e goodnes & mercie of God appeared in sparing their lives, being
+  109. souls. The loss is so great to M^r. Peirce, &c., and y^e companie
+  put upon so great charge, as veryly, &c.
+
+  Now with great trouble & loss, we have got M^r. John Peirce to assigne
+  over y^e grand patente to y^e companie, which he had taken in his owne
+  name, and made quite voyd our former grante. I am sorie to writ how
+  many hear thinke y^t the hand of God was justly against him, both y^e
+  first and 2. time of his returne; in regard he, whom you and we so
+  confidently trusted, but only to use his name for y^e company, should
+  aspire to be lord over us all, and so make you & us tenants at his
+  will and pleasure, our assurance or patente being quite voyd &
+  disanuled by his means. I desire to judg charitably of him. But his
+  unwillingnes to part with his royall Lordship, and y^e high-rate he
+  set it at, which was 500^li. which cost him but 50^li., maks many
+  speake and judg hardly of him. The company are out for goods in his
+  ship, with charge aboute y^e passengers, 640^li., &c.
+
+  We have agreed with 2. marchants for a ship of 140. tunes, caled y^e
+  _Anne_, which is to be ready y^e last of this month, to bring 60.
+  passengers & 60. tune of goods, &c.
+
+This was dated Aprill 9. 1623.
+
+These were ther owne words and judgmente of this mans dealing &
+proceedings; for I thought it more meete to render them in theirs then
+my owne words. And yet though ther was never got other recompence then
+the resignation of this patente, and y^e shares he had in adventure, for
+all y^e former great sumes, he was never quiet, but sued them in most of
+y^e cheefe courts in England, and when he was still cast, brought it to
+y^e Parlemente. But he is now dead, and I will leave him to y^e Lord.
+
+This ship suffered y^e greatest extreemitie at sea at her 2. returne,
+that one shall lightly hear of, to be saved; as I have been informed by
+M^r. William Peirce who was then m^r. of her, and many others that were
+passengers in her. It was aboute y^e _midle of Feb_: The storme was for
+y^e most parte of 14. days, but for 2. or 3. days & nights togeather in
+most violent extremitie. After they had cut downe their mast, y^e storme
+beat of their round house and all their uper works; 3. men had worke
+enough at y^e helme, and he that cund y^e ship before y^e sea, was faine
+[100] to be bound fast for washing away; the seas did so over-rake them,
+as many times those upon y^e decke knew not whether they were within
+bord or withoute; and once she was so foundered in y^e sea as they all
+thought she would never rise againe. But yet y^e Lord preserved them,
+and brought them at last safe to _Ports-mouth_, to y^e wonder of all men
+y^t saw in what a case she was in, and heard what they had endured.
+
+About y^e later end of _June_ came in a ship, with Captaine Francis
+West, who had a comission to be admirall of New-England, to restraine
+interlopers, and shuch fishing ships as came to fish & trade without a
+licence from y^e Counsell of New-England, for which they should pay a
+round sume of money. But he could doe no good of them, for they were to
+stronge for him, and he found y^e fisher men to be stuberne fellows. And
+their owners, upon complainte made to y^e Parlemente, procured an order
+y^t fishing should be free. He tould y^e Gov^r they spooke with a ship
+at sea, and were abord her, y^t was coming for this plantation, in which
+were sundrie passengers, and they marvelled she was not arrived, fearing
+some miscariage; for they lost her in a storme that fell shortly after
+they had been abord. Which relation filled them full of fear, yet mixed
+with hope. The m^r. of this ship had some 2. [=h][=h] of pease to sell,
+but seeing their wants, held them at 9^li. sterling a hoggshead, & under
+8^li. he would not take, and yet would have beaver at an under rate. But
+they tould him they had lived so long with out, and would doe still,
+rather then give so unreasonably. So they went from hence to
+Virginia.[AZ]
+
+About 14. days after came in this ship, caled y^e _Anne_, wherof M^r.
+William Peirce was m^r., and aboute a weeke or 10. days after came in
+y^e pinass which in foule weather they lost at sea, a fine new vessell
+of about 44. tune, which y^e company had builte to stay in the cuntrie.
+They brought about 60. persons for y^e generall, some of them being very
+usefull persons, and became good members to y^e body, and some were y^e
+wives and children of shuch as were hear allready. And some were so bad,
+as they were faine to be at charge to send them home againe y^e next
+year. Also, besids these ther came a company, that did not belong to y^e
+generall body, but came one[BA] their perticuler, and were to have lands
+assigned them, and be for them selves, yet to be subjecte to y^e
+generall Goverment; which caused some diferance and disturbance [101]
+amongst them, as will after appeare. I shall hear againe take libertie
+to inserte a few things out of shuch leters as came in this shipe,
+desiring rather to manefest things in ther words and apprehentions, then
+in my owne, as much as may be, without tediousness.
+
+  Beloved freinds, I kindly salute you all, with trust of your healths &
+  wellfare, being right sorie y^t no supplie hath been made to you all
+  this while; for defence wher of, I must referr you to our generall
+  leters. Naitheir indeed have we now sent you many things, which we
+  should & would, for want of money. But persons, more then inough,
+  (though not all we should,) for people come flying in upon us, but
+  monys come creeping in to us. Some few of your old freinds are come,
+  as, &c. So they come droping to you, and by degrees, I hope ere long
+  you shall enjoye them all. And because people press so hard upon us to
+  goe, and often shuch as are none of y^e fitest, I pray you write
+  ernestly to y^e Treasurer and directe what persons should be sente. It
+  greeveth me to see so weake a company sent you, and yet had I not been
+  hear they had been weaker. You must still call upon the company hear
+  to see y^t honest men be sente you, and threaten to send them back if
+  any other come, &c. We are not any way so much in danger, as by
+  corrupte an noughty persons. Shuch, and shuch, came without my
+  consente; but y^e importunitie of their freinds got promise of our
+  Treasurer in my absence. Neither is ther need we should take any lewd
+  men, for we may have honest men enew, &c.
+
+  Your assured freind,
+  R. C.
+
+
+The following was from y^e genrall.
+
+  Loving freinds, we most hartily salute you in all love and harty
+  affection; being yet in hope y^t the same God which hath hithertoo
+  preserved you in a marvelous maner, doth yet continue your lives and
+  health, to his owne praise and all our comforts. Being right sory that
+  you have not been sent unto all this time, &c. We have in this ship
+  sent shuch women, as were willing and ready to goe to their husbands
+  and freinds, with their children, &c. We would not have you
+  discontente, because we have not sent you more of your old freinds,
+  and in speciall, him[BB] on whom you most depend. Farr be it from us
+  to neclecte you, or contemne him. But as y^e intente was at first, so
+  y^e evente at last shall shew it, that we will deal fairly, and
+  squarly answer your expectations to the full. Ther are also come unto
+  you, some honest men to plant upon their particulers besids you. A
+  thing which if we should not give way unto, we should wrong both them
+  and you. Them, by puting them on things more inconveniente, and you,
+  for that being honest men, they will be a strengthening to y^e place,
+  and good neighbours [102] unto you. Tow things we would advise you of,
+  which we have likwise signified them hear. First, y^e trade for skins
+  to be retained for the generall till y^e devidente; 2^ly. y^t their
+  setling by you, be with shuch distance of place as is neither
+  inconvenient for y^e lying of your lands, nor hurtfull to your speedy
+  & easie assembling togeather.
+
+  We have sente you diverse fisher men, with salte, &c. Diverse other
+  provissions we have sente you, as will appear in your bill of lading,
+  and though we have not sent all we would (because our cash is small),
+  yet it is y^t we could, &c.
+
+  And allthough it seemeth you have discovered many more rivers and
+  fertill grounds then y^t wher you are, yet seeing by Gods providence
+  y^t place fell to you^r lote, let it be accounted as your portion; and
+  rather fixe your eyes upon that which may be done ther, then languish
+  in hops after things els-wher. If your place be not y^e best, it is
+  better, you shall be y^e less envied and encroached upon; and shuch as
+  are earthly minded, will not setle too near your border.[BC] If y^e
+  land afford you bread, and y^e sea yeeld you fish, rest you a while
+  contented, God will one day afford you better fare. And all men shall
+  know you are neither fugetives nor discontents. But can, if God so
+  order it, take y^e worst to your selves, with content,[BD] & leave y^e
+  best to your neighbours, with cherfullnes.
+
+  Let it not be greeveous unto you y^t you have been instruments to
+  breake y^e ise for others who come after with less dificulty, the
+  honour shall be yours to y^e worlds end, &c.
+
+  We bear you always in our brests, and our harty affection is towards
+  you all, as are y^e harts of hundreds more which never saw your faces,
+  who doubtles pray for your saftie as their owne, as we our selves both
+  doe & ever shall, that y^e same God which hath so marvelously
+  preserved you from seas, foes, and famine, will still preserve you
+  from all future dangers, and make you honourable amongst men, and
+  glorious in blise at y^e last day. And so y^e Lord be with you all &
+  send us joyfull news from you, and inable us with one shoulder so to
+  accomplish & perfecte this worke, as much glorie may come to Him y^t
+  confoundeth y^e mighty by the weak, and maketh small thinges great. To
+  whose greatnes, be all glorie for ever & ever.
+
+This leter was subscribed with 13. of their names.
+
+These passengers, when they saw their low & poore condition a shore,
+were much danted and dismayed, and according to their diverse humores
+were diversly affected; some wished them selves in England againe;
+others fell a weeping, fancying their own miserie in what y^ey saw now
+in others; other some pitying the distress they saw their freinds had
+been long in, and still were under; in a word, all were full of sadnes.
+Only some of their old freinds rejoysed to see them, and y^t it was no
+worse with them, for they could not expecte it should be better, and now
+hoped they should injoye better days togeather. And truly it was [103]
+no marvell they should be thus affected, for they were in a very low
+condition, many were ragged in aparell, & some litle beter then halfe
+naked; though some y^t were well stord before, were well enough in this
+regard. But for food they were all alike, save some y^t had got a few
+pease of y^e ship y^t was last hear. The best dish they could presente
+their freinds with was a lobster, or a peece of fish, without bread or
+any thing els but a cupp of fair spring water. And y^e long continuance
+of this diate, and their labours abroad, had something abated y^e
+freshnes of their former complexion. But God gave them health and
+strength in a good measure; and shewed them by experience y^e truth of
+y^t word, Deut. 8. 3. _Y^t man liveth not by bread only, but by every
+word y^t proceedeth out of y^e mouth of y^e Lord doth a man live._
+
+When I think how sadly y^e scripture speaks of the famine in Jaakobs
+time, when he said to his sonns, Goe buy us food, that we may live and
+not dye. Gen. 42. 2. and 43. 1, that the famine was great, or heavie in
+the land; and yet they had such great herds, and store of catle of
+sundrie kinds, which, besids flesh, must needs produse other food, as
+milke, butter & cheese, &c., and yet it was counted a sore affliction;
+theirs hear must needs be very great, therfore, who not only wanted the
+staffe of bread, but all these things, and had no Egipte to goe too. But
+God fedd them out of y^e sea for y^e most parte, so wonderfull is his
+providence over his in all ages; for his mercie endureth for ever.
+
+On y^e other hand the old planters were affraid that their corne, when
+it was ripe, should be imparted to y^e new-co[=m]ers, whose provissions
+w^ch they brought with them they feared would fall short before y^e year
+wente aboute (as indeed it did). They came to y^e Gov^r and besought him
+that as it was before agreed that they should set corne for their
+perticuler, and accordingly they had taken extraordinary pains ther
+aboute, that they might freely injoye the same, and they would not have
+a bitte of y^e victails now come, but waite till harvest for their owne,
+and let y^e new-co[=m]ers injoye what they had brought; they would have
+none of it, excepte they could purchase any of it of them by bargaine or
+exchainge. Their requeste was granted them, for it gave both sides good
+contente; for y^e new-co[=m]ers were as much afraid that y^e hungrie
+planters would have eat up y^e provissions brought, and they should
+have fallen into y^e like condition.
+
+This ship was in a shorte time laden with clapbord, by y^e help of many
+hands. Also they sente in her all y^e beaver and other furrs they had, &
+M^r. Winslow was sent over with her, to informe of all things, and
+procure such things as were thought needfull for their presente
+condition. By this time harvest was come, and in stead of famine, now
+God gave them plentie, and y^e face of things was changed, to y^e
+rejoysing of y^e harts of many, for which they blessed God. And y^e
+effect of their particuler planting was well seene, for all had, one way
+& other, pretty well to bring y^e year aboute, and some of y^e abler
+sorte and more [104] industrious had to spare, and sell to others, so as
+any generall wante or famine hath not been amongst them since to this
+day.
+
+Those that come on their perticuler looked for greater matters then they
+found or could attaine unto, aboute building great houses, and such
+pleasant situations for them, as them selves had fancied; as if they
+would be great men & rich, all of a sudaine; but they proved castls in
+y^e aire. These were y^e conditions agreed on betweene y^e colony and
+them.
+
+First, that y^e Gov^r, in y^e name and with y^e consente of y^e company,
+doth in all love and frendship receive and imbrace them; and is to
+allote them competente places for habitations within y^e towne. And
+promiseth to shew them all such other curtesies as shall be reasonable
+for them to desire, or us to performe.
+
+2. That they, on their parts, be subjecte to all such laws & orders as
+are already made, or hear after shall be, for y^e publick good.
+
+3. That they be freed and exempte from y^e generall imployments of the
+said company, (which their presente condition of comunitie requireth,)
+excepte commune defence, & such other imployments as tend to y^e
+perpetuall good of y^e collony.
+
+4^ly. Towards y^e maintenance of Go[~v]^rt, & publick officers of y^e
+said collony, every male above y^e age of 16. years shall pay a bushell
+of Indean wheat, or y^e worth of it, into y^e commone store.
+
+5^ly. That (according to y^e agreemente y^e marchants made with y^m
+before they came) they are to be wholy debared from all trade with the
+Indeans for all sorts of furrs, and such like commodities, till y^e time
+of y^e comunallitie be ended.
+
+About y^e midle of September arrived Captaine Robart Gorges in y^e Bay
+of y^e Massachusets, with sundrie passengers and families, intending
+ther to begine a plantation; and pitched upon y^e place M^r. Weston's
+people had forsaken. He had a co[=m]ission from y^e Counsell of
+New-England, to be generall Gove^r of y^e cuntrie, and they appoynted
+for his counsell & assistance, Captaine Francis West, y^e aforesaid
+admirall, Christopher Levite, Esquire, and y^e Gov^r of Plimoth for y^e
+time beeing, etc. Allso, they gave him authoritie to chuse such other as
+he should find fit. Allso, they gave (by their co[=m]ission) full power
+to him and his assistants, or any 3. of them, wherof him selfe was
+allway to be one, to doe and execute what to them should seeme good, in
+all cases, Capitall, Criminall, and Civill, etc., with diverce other
+instructions. Of which, and his comission, it pleased him to suffer y^e
+Gov^r hear to take a coppy.
+
+He gave them notice of his arivall by letter, but before they could
+visite him he went to y^e eastward with y^e ship he came in; but a
+storme arising, (and they wanting a good pilot to harbor them in those
+parts,) they bore up for this harbor. He and his men were hear kindly
+entertained; he stayed hear 14. days. In y^e mean time came in M^r.
+Weston with his small ship, which he had now recovered. [105[BE]]
+Captaine Gorges tooke hold of y^e opportunitie, and acquainted y^e Gov^r
+hear, that one occasion of his going to y^e eastward was to meete with
+M^r. Weston, and call him to accounte for some abuses he had to lay to
+his charge. Wherupon he called him before him, and some other of his
+assistants, with y^e Gov^r of this place; and charged him, first, with
+y^e ille carriage of his men at y^e Massachusets; by which means the
+peace of y^e cuntrie was disturbed, and him selfe and the people which
+he had brought over to plante in that bay were therby much prejudised.
+To this M^r. Weston easily answered, that what was that way done, was in
+his absence, and might have befalen any man; he left them sufficently
+provided, and conceived they would have been well governed; and for any
+errour co[=m]itted he had sufficiently smarted. This particuler was
+passed by. A 2^d. was, for an abuse done to his father, S^r. Ferdenando
+Gorges, and to y^e State. The thing was this; he used him & others of
+y^e Counsell of New-England, to procure him a licence for y^e
+transporting of many peeces of great ordnance for New-England,
+pretending great fortification hear in y^e countrie, & I know not what
+shipping. The which when he had obtained, he went and sould them beyond
+seas for his private profite; for which (he said) y^e State was much
+offended, and his father suffered a shrowd check, and he had order to
+apprehend him for it. M^r. Weston excused it as well as he could, but
+could not deney it; it being one maine thing (as was said) for which he
+with-drew himself. But after many passages, by y^e mediation of y^e
+Gov^r and some other freinds hear, he was inclined to gentlnes (though
+he aprehended y^e abuse of his father deeply); which, when M^r. Weston
+saw, he grew more presumptuous, and gave such provocking & cutting
+speches, as made him rise up in great indignation & distemper, and vowed
+y^t he would either curb him, or send him home for England. At which
+M^r. Weston was something danted, and came privatly to y^e Gov^r hear,
+to know whether they would suffer Captaine Gorges to apprehend him. He
+was tould they could not hinder him, but much blamed him, y^t after they
+had pacified things, he should thus breake out, by his owne folly &
+rashnes, to bring trouble upon him selfe & them too. He confest it was
+his passion, and prayd y^e Gov^r to entreat for him, and pacifie him if
+he could. The which at last he did, with much adoe; so he was called
+againe, and y^e Gov^r was contente to take his owne bond to be ready to
+make further answer, when either he or y^e lords should send for him.
+And at last he tooke only his word, and ther was a fre[=i]dly parting on
+all hands.
+
+But after he was gone, M^r. Weston in lue of thanks to y^e Gov^r and his
+freinds hear, gave them this quib (behind their baks) for all their
+pains. That though they were but yonge justices, yet they wear good
+beggers. Thus they parted at this time, and shortly after y^e Gov^r
+tooke his leave and went to y^e Massachusets by land, being very
+thankfull for his kind entertainemente. The ship stayed hear, and fitted
+her selfe to goe for Virginia, having some passengers ther to deliver;
+and with her returned sundrie of those from hence which came over on
+their perticuler, some out of discontente and dislike of y^e cuntrie;
+others by reason of a fire that broke out, and burnt y^e houses they
+lived in, and all their provisions [106[BF]] so as they were
+necessitated therunto. This fire was occasioned by some of y^e sea-men
+that were roystering in a house wher it first begane, makeing a great
+fire in very could weather, which broke out of y^e chimney into y^e
+thatch, and burnte downe 3. or 4. houses, and consumed all y^e goods &
+provissions in y^m. The house in which it begane was right against their
+store-house, which they had much adoe to save, in which were their
+co[=m]one store & all their provissions; y^e which if it had been lost,
+y^e plantation had been over-throwne. But through Gods mercie it was
+saved by y^e great dilligence of y^e people, & care of the Gov^r & some
+aboute him. Some would have had y^e goods throwne out; but if they had,
+ther would much have been stolne by the rude company y^t belonged to
+these 2. ships, which were allmost all ashore. But a trusty company was
+plased within, as well as those that with wet-cloaths & other means kept
+of y^e fire without, that if necessitie required they might have them
+out with all speed. For y^ey suspected some malicious dealling, if not
+plaine treacherie, and whether it was only suspition or no, God knows;
+but this is certaine, that when y^e tumulte was greatest, ther was a
+voyce heard (but from whom it was not knowne) that bid them looke well
+aboute them, for all were not freinds y^t were near them. And shortly
+after, when the vemencie of y^e fire was over, smoke was seen to arise
+within a shed y^t was joynd to y^e end of y^e storehouse, which was
+watled up with bowes, in y^e withered leaves wherof y^e fire was
+kindled, which some, ru[=n]ing to quench, found a longe firebrand of an
+ell longe, lying under y^e wale on y^e inside, which could not possibly
+come their by cassualtie, but must be laid ther by some hand, in y^e
+judgmente of all that saw it. But God kept them from this deanger, what
+ever was intended.
+
+Shortly after Captaine Gorges, y^e generall Gov^r, was come home to y^e
+Massachusets, he sends a warrante to arrest M^r. Weston & his ship, and
+sends a m^r. to bring her away thither, and one Captain Hanson (that
+belonged to him) to conducte him along. The Gov^r & others hear were
+very sory to see him take this course, and tooke exception at y^e
+warrante, as not legall nor sufficiente; and withall write to him to
+disswade him from this course, shewing him y^t he would but entangle and
+burthen him selfe in doing this; for he could not doe M^r. Weston a
+better turne, (as things stood with him); for he had a great many men
+that belonged to him in this barke, and was deeply ingaged to them for
+wages, and was in a ma[=n]er out of victails (_and now winter_); all
+which would light upon him, if he did arrest his barke. In y^e mean time
+M^r. Weston had notice to shift for him selfe; but it was conceived he
+either knew not whither to goe, or how to mend him selfe, but was rather
+glad of y^e occasion, and so stirred not. But y^e Gov^r would not be
+perswaded, but [107] sent a very formall warrente under his hand &
+seall, with strict charge as they would answere it to y^e state; he also
+write that he had better considered of things since he was hear, and he
+could not answer it to let him goe so; besids other things that were
+come to his knowledg since, which he must answer too. So he was suffered
+to proceede, but he found in the end that to be true that was tould him;
+for when an inventorie was taken of what was in y^e ship, ther was not
+vitailes found for above 14. days, at a pare allowance, and not much
+else of any great worth, & the men did so crie out of him for wages and
+diate, in y^e mean time, as made him soone weary. So as in conclusion it
+turned to his loss, and y^e expence of his owne provissions; and
+_towards the spring_ they came to agreement, (after they had bene to y^e
+eastward,) and y^e Gov^r restord him his vessell againe, and made him
+satisfaction, in bisket, meal, and such like provissions, for what he
+had made use of that was his, or what his men had any way wasted or
+consumed. So M^r. Weston came hither againe, and afterward shaped his
+course for Virginie, & so for present I shall leave him.[BG]
+
+The Gov^r and some y^t depended upon him returned for England, haveing
+scarcly saluted y^e cuntrie in his Govermente, not finding the state of
+things hear to answer his quallitie & condition. The peopl dispersed
+them selves, some went for England, others for Virginia, some few
+remained, and were helped with supplies from hence. The Gov^r brought
+over a minister with him, one M^r. Morell, who, about a year after y^e
+Gov^r returned, tooke shipping from hence. He had I know not what power
+and authority of superintendancie over other churches granted him, and
+sundrie instructions for that end; but he never shewed it, or made any
+use of it; (it should seeme he saw it was in vaine;) he only speake of
+it to some hear at his going away. This was in effect y^e end of a 2.
+plantation in that place. Ther were allso this year some scatering
+beginings made in other places, as at Paskataway, by M^r. David Thomson,
+at Monhigen, and some other places by sundrie others.
+
+It rests now y^t I speake a word aboute y^e pi[=n]ass spoken of before,
+which was sent by y^e adventurers to be imployed in y^e cuntrie. She was
+a fine vessell, and bravely set out,[BH] and I fear y^e adventurers did
+over pride them selves in her, for she had ill success. How ever, they
+erred grosly in tow things aboute her; first, though she had a
+sufficiente maister, yet she was rudly ma[=n]ed, and all her men were
+upon shars, and none was to have any wages but y^e m^r. 2^ly, wheras
+they mainly lookt at trade, they had sent nothing of any value to trade
+with. When the men came hear, and mette with ill counsell from M^r.
+Weston & his crue, with others of y^e same stampe, neither m^r. nor
+Gov^r could scarce rule [108] them, for they exclaimed that they were
+abused & deceived, for they were tould they should goe for a man of
+warr, and take I know not whom, French & Spaniards, &c. They would
+neither trade nor fish, excepte they had wages; in fine, they would obey
+no co[=m]and of y^e maisters; so it was apprehended they would either
+rune away with y^e vessell, or get away w^th y^e ships, and leave her;
+so as M^r. Peirce & others of their freinds perswaded the Gov^r to
+chaing their condition, and give them wages; which was accordingly done.
+And she was sente about y^e Cape to y^e Narigansets to trade, but they
+made but a poore vioage of it. Some corne and beaver they got, but y^e
+Dutch used to furnish them with cloath & better co[=m]odities, they
+haveing only a few beads & knives, which were not ther much esteemed.
+Allso, in her returne home, at y^e very entrance into ther owne harbore,
+she had like to have been cast away in a storme, and was forced to cut
+her maine mast by y^e bord, to save herselfe from driving on y^e flats
+that lye without, caled Browns Ilands, the force of y^e wind being so
+great as made her anchors give way and she drive right upon them; but
+her mast & takling being gone, they held her till y^e wind shifted.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1624._
+
+The time of new election of ther officers for this year being come,
+and[BI] y^e number of their people increased, and their troubls and
+occasions therwith, the Gov^r desired them to chainge y^e persons, as
+well as renew y^e election; and also to adde more Assistans to y^e Gov^r
+for help & counsell, and y^e better carrying on of affairs. Showing that
+it was necessarie it should be so. If it was any honour or benefite, it
+was fitte others should be made pertakers of it; if it was a burthen,
+(as doubtles it was,) it was but equall others should help to bear it;
+and y^t this was y^e end of A[=n]uall Elections. The issue was, that as
+before ther was but one Assistante, they now chose 5. giving the Gov^r a
+duble voyce; and aftwards they increased them to 7. which course hath
+continued to this day.
+
+They having with some truble & charge new-masted and rigged their
+pinass, in y^e begining of March they sent her well vitaled to the
+eastward on fishing. She arrived safly at a place near Damarins cove,
+and was there well harbored in a place wher ships used to ride, ther
+being also some ships allready arived out of England. But shortly after
+ther [109] arose such a violent & extraordinarie storme, as y^e seas
+broak over such places in y^e harbor as was never seene before, and
+drive her against great roks, which beat such a hole in her bulke, as a
+horse and carte might have gone in, and after drive her into deep-water,
+wher she lay sunke. The m^r. was drowned, the rest of y^e men, all save
+one, saved their lives, with much a doe; all her provision, salt, and
+what els was in her, was lost. And here I must leave her to lye till
+afterward.
+
+Some of those that still remained hear on their perticuler, begane
+privatly to nurish a faction, and being privie to a strong faction that
+was among y^e adventurers in England, on whom sundry of them did depend,
+by their private whispering they drew some of the weaker sorte of y^e
+company to their side, and so filld them with discontente, as nothing
+would satisfie them excepte they might be suffered to be in their
+perticuler allso; and made great offers, so they might be freed from y^e
+generall. The Gov^r consulting with y^e ablest of y^e generall body what
+was best to be done hear in, it was resolved to permitte them so to doe,
+upon equall conditions. The conditions were the same in effect with y^e
+former before related. Only some more added, as that they should be
+bound here to remaine till y^e generall partnership was ended. And also
+that they should pay into y^e store, y^e on halfe of all such goods and
+comodities as they should any waise raise above their food, in
+consideration of what charg had been layed out for them, with some such
+like things. This liberty granted, soone stopt this gape, for ther was
+but a few that undertooke this course when it came too; and they were
+as sone weary of it. For the other had perswaded them, & M^r. Weston
+togeather, that ther would never come more supply to y^e generall body;
+but y^e perticulers had such freinds as would carry all, and doe for
+them I know not what.
+
+Shortly after, M^r. Winslow came over, and brought a prety good supply,
+and the ship came on fishing, a thing fatall to this plantation. He
+brought 3. heifers & a bull, the first begining of any catle of that
+kind in y^e land, with some cloathing & other necessaries, as will
+further appear; but withall y^e reporte of a strong faction amongst y^e
+adventurers[BJ] against them, and espetially against y^e coming of y^e
+rest from Leyden, and with what difficulty this supply was procured, and
+how, by their strong & long opposision, bussines was so retarded as not
+only they were now falne too late for y^e fishing season, but the best
+men were taken up of y^e fishermen in the west countrie, and he was
+forct to take such a m^r. & company for that imployment as he could
+procure upon y^e present. Some letters from them shall beter declare
+these things, being as followeth.
+
+  [110] Most worthy & loving freinds, your kind & loving leters I have
+  received, and render you many thanks, &c. It hath plased God to stirre
+  up y^e harts of our adventurers[BJ] to raise a new stock for the
+  seting forth of this shipe, caled the Charitie, with men &
+  necessaries, both for the plantation and the fishing, though
+  accomplished with very great difficulty; in regard we have some
+  amongst us which undoubtedly aime more at their owne private ends, and
+  the thwarting & opposing of some hear, and other worthy
+  instruments,[BK] of Gods glory elswher, then at the generall good and
+  furtherance of this noble & laudable action. Yet againe we have many
+  other, and I hope the greatest parte, very honest Christian men, which
+  I am perswaded their ends and intents are wholy for the glory of our
+  Lord Jesus Christ, in the propagation of his gospell, and hope of
+  gaining those poore salvages to the knowledg of God. But, as we have a
+  proverbe, One scabed sheep may marr a whole flock, so these
+  malecontented persons, & turbulente spirits, doe what in them lyeth to
+  withdraw mens harts from you and your freinds, yea, even from the
+  generall bussines; and yet under show and pretence of godlynes and
+  furtherance of the plantation. Wheras the quite contrary doth plainly
+  appeare; as some of the honester harted men (though of late of their
+  faction) did make manifest at our late meeting. But what should I
+  trouble you or my selfe with these restles opposers of all goodnes,
+  and I doubte will be continuall disturbers of our frendly meetings &
+  love. On Thurs-day the 8. of Jan: we had a meeting aboute the artickls
+  betweene you & us; wher they would rejecte that, which we in our late
+  leters prest you to grante, (an addition to the time of our joynt
+  stock). And their reason which they would make known to us was, it
+  trobled their conscience to exacte longer time of you then was agreed
+  upon at the first. But that night they were so followed and crost of
+  their perverse courses, as they were even wearied, and offered to sell
+  their adventurs; and some were willing to buy. But I, doubting they
+  would raise more scandale and false reports, and so diverse waise doe
+  us more hurt, by going of in such a furie, then they could or can by
+  continuing adventurers amongst us, would not suffer them. But on y^e
+  12. of Jan: we had another meting, but in the interime diverse of us
+  had talked with most of them privatly, and had great combats &
+  reasoning, pro & con. But at night when we mete to read y^e generall
+  letter, we had y^e loveingest and frendlyest meeting that ever I
+  knew[BL] and our greatest enemise offered to lend us 50_{li}. So I
+  sent for a potle of wine, (I would you could[BM] doe y^e like,) which
+  we dranke freindly together. Thus God can turne y^e harts of men when
+  it pleaseth him, &c. Thus loving freinds, I hartily salute you all in
+  y^e Lord, hoping ever to rest,
+
+  Yours to my power,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Jan: 25. 1623.
+
+[111] _Another leter._
+
+  Beloved S^r., &c. We have now sent you, we hope, men & means, to setle
+  these 3. things, viz. fishing, salt making, and boat making; if you
+  can bring them to pass to some perfection, your wants may be supplyed.
+  I pray you bend you selfe what you can to setle these bussinesses. Let
+  y^e ship be fraught away as soone as you can, and sent to Bilbow. You
+  must send some discreete man for factore, whom, once more, you must
+  also authorise to confirme y^e conditions. If M^r. Winslow could be
+  spared, I could wish he came againe. This ship carpenter is thought
+  to be the fittest man for you in the land, and will no doubte doe you
+  much good. Let him have an absolute comand over his servants & such as
+  you put to him. Let him build you 2. catches, a lighter, and some 6.
+  or 7. shalops, as soone as you can. The salt-man is a skillfull &
+  industrious man, put some to him, that may quickly apprehende y^e
+  misterie of it. The preacher we have sent is (we hope) an honest
+  plaine man, though none of y^e most eminente and rare. Aboute chusing
+  him into office use your owne liberty & discretion; he knows he is no
+  officer amongst you, though perhaps custome & universalitie may make
+  him forget him selfe. M^r. Winslow & my selfe gave way to his going,
+  to give contente to some hear, and we see no hurt in it, but only his
+  great charge of children.
+
+  We have tooke a patente for Cap Anne, &c. I am sory ther is no more
+  discretion used by some in their leters hither.[BN] Some say you are
+  starved in body & soule; others, y^t you eate piggs & doggs, that dye
+  alone; others, that y^e things hear spoaken of, y^e goodnes of y^e
+  cuntry, are gross and palpable lyes; that ther is scarce a foule to be
+  seene, or a fish to be taken, and many such like. I would such
+  discontented men were hear againe, for it is a miserie when y^e whole
+  state of a plantation shall be thus exposed to y^e passionate humors
+  of some discontented men. And for my selfe I shall hinder for
+  hearafter some y^t would goe, and have not better composed their
+  affections; mean space it is all our crosses, and we must bear them.
+
+  I am sorie we have not sent you more and other things, but in truth we
+  have rune into so much charge, to victaile y^e ship, provide salte &
+  other fishing implements, &c. as we could not provid other comfortable
+  things, as buter, suger, &c. I hope the returne of this ship, and the
+  James, will put us in cash againe. The Lord make you full of courage
+  in this troublesome bussines, which now must be stuck unto, till God
+  give us rest from our labours. Fare well in all harty affection.
+
+  Your assured friend,
+  R. C.
+
+  Jan: 24. 1623.
+
+
+With y^e former letter write by M^r. Sherley, there were sente sundrie
+objections concerning which he thus writeth. "These are the cheefe
+objections which they [112] that are now returned make against you and
+the countrie. I pray you consider them, and answer them by the first
+conveniencie." These objections were made by some of those that came
+over on their perticuler and were returned home, as is before mentioned,
+and were of y^e same suite with those y^t this other letter mentions.
+
+I shall here set them downe, with y^e answers then made unto them, and
+sent over at y^e returne of this ship; which did so confound y^e
+objecters, as some confessed their falte, and others deneyed what they
+had said, and eate their words, & some others of them have since come
+over againe and heere lived to convince them selves sufficiently, both
+in their owne & other mens judgments.
+
+1. obj. was diversitie aboute Religion. Ans: We know no such matter, for
+here was never any controversie or opposition, either publicke or
+private, (to our knowledg,) since we came.
+
+2. ob: Neglecte of familie duties, one y^e Lords day.
+
+Ans. We allow no such thing, but blame it in our selves & others; and
+they that thus reporte it, should have shewed their Christian love the
+more if they had in love tould y^e offenders of it, rather then thus to
+reproach them behind their baks. But (to say no more) we wish them
+selves had given better example.
+
+3. ob: Wante of both the sacrements.
+
+Ans. The more is our greefe, that our pastor is kept from us, by whom we
+might injoye them; for we used to have the Lords Supper every Saboth,
+and baptisme as often as ther was occasion of children to baptise.
+
+4. ob: Children not catechised nor taught to read.
+
+Ans: Neither is true; for diverse take pains with their owne as they
+can; indeede, we have no co[=m]one schoole for want of a fitt person, or
+hithertoo means to maintaine one; though we desire now to begine.
+
+5. ob: Many of y^e perticuler members of y^e plantation will not work
+for y^e generall.
+
+Ans: This allso is not wholy true; for though some doe it not willingly,
+& other not honestly, yet all doe it; and he that doth worst gets his
+owne foode & something besids. But we will not excuse them, but labour
+to reforme them y^e best we cane, or else to quitte y^e plantation of
+them.
+
+6. ob: The water is not wholsome.
+
+Ans: If they mean, not so wholsome as y^e good beere and wine in
+London, (which they so dearly love,) we will not dispute with them; but
+els, for water, it is as good as any in the world, (for ought we knowe,)
+and it is wholsome enough to us that can be contente therwith.
+
+7. ob: The ground is barren and doth bear no grasse.
+
+[113] Ans: It is hear (as in all places) some better & some worse; and
+if they well consider their words, in England they shall not find such
+grasse in them, as in their feelds & meadows. The catle find grasse, for
+they are as fatt as need be; we wish we had but one for every hundred
+that hear is grase to keep. Indeed, this objection, as some other, are
+ridiculous to all here which see and know y^e contrary.
+
+8. ob: The fish will not take salt to keepe sweete.
+
+Ans: This is as true as that which was written, that ther is scarce a
+foule to be seene or a fish to be taken. Things likly to be true in a
+cuntrie wher so many sayle of ships come yearly a fishing; they might as
+well say, there can no aile or beere in London be kept from sowering.
+
+9. ob: Many of them are theevish and steale on from an other.
+
+Ans: Would London had been free from that crime, then we should not have
+been trobled with these here; it is well knowne sundrie have smarted
+well for it, and so are y^e rest like to doe, if they be taken.
+
+10. ob: The countrie is anoyed with foxes and woules.
+
+Ans: So are many other good cuntries too; but poyson, traps, and other
+such means will help to destroy them.
+
+11. ob: The Dutch are planted nere Hudsons Bay, and are likely to
+overthrow the trade.
+
+Ans: They will come and plante in these parts, also, if we and others
+doe not, but goe home and leave it to them. We rather commend them, then
+condemne them for it.
+
+12. ob: The people are much anoyed with muskeetoes.
+
+Ans: They are too delicate and unfitte to begine new-plantations and
+collonies, that cannot enduer the biting of a muskeeto; we would wish
+such to keepe at home till at least they be muskeeto proofe. Yet this
+place is as free as any, and experience teacheth that y^e more y^e land
+is tild, and y^e woods cut downe, the fewer ther will be, and in the end
+scarse any at all.
+
+Having thus dispatcht these things, that I may handle things togeather,
+I shall here inserte 2. other letters from M^r. Robinson their pastor;
+the one to y^e Gov^r, y^e other to M^r. Brewster their Elder, which will
+give much light to y^e former things, and express the tender love & care
+of a true pastor over them.
+
+_His leter to y^e Gov^r._
+
+  My loving & much beloved friend, whom God hath hithertoo preserved,
+  preserve and keepe you still to his glorie, and y^e good of many; that
+  his blessing may make your godly and wise endeavours answerable to y^e
+  valuation which they ther have, & set upon y^e same. Of your love too
+  and care for us here, we never doubted; so are we glad to take
+  knowledg of it in that fullnes we doe. Our love & care to and for you,
+  is mutuall, though our hopes of coming [114] unto you be small, and
+  weaker then ever. But of this at large in Mr. Brewsters letter, with
+  whom you, and he with you, mutualy, I know, comunicate your letters,
+  as I desire you may doe these, &c.
+
+  Concerning y^e killing of those poor Indeans, of which we heard at
+  first by reporte, and since by more certaine relation, oh! how happy a
+  thing had it been, if you had converted some, before you had killed
+  any; besids, wher bloud is one begune to be shed, it is seldome
+  stanched of a long time after. You will say they deserved it. I grant
+  it; but upon what provocations and invitments by those heathenish
+  Christians?[BO] Besids, you, being no magistrats over them, were to
+  consider, not what they deserved, but what you were by necessitie
+  constrained to inflicte. Necessitie of this, espetially of killing so
+  many, (and many more, it seems, they would, if they could,) I see not.
+  Methinks on or tow principals should have been full enough, according
+  to that approved rule, The punishmente to a few, and y^e fear to many.
+  Upon this occasion let me be bould to exhorte you seriouly to consider
+  of y^e dispossition of your Captaine, whom I love, and am perswaded
+  y^e Lord in great mercie and for much good hath sent you him, if you
+  use him aright. He is a man humble and meek amongst you, and towards
+  all in ordinarie course. But now if this be meerly from an humane
+  spirite, ther is cause to fear that by occasion, espetially of
+  provocation, ther may be wanting y^t tendernes of y^e life of man
+  (made after Gods image) which is meete. It is also a thing more
+  glorious in mens eyes, then pleasing in Gods, or conveniente for
+  Christians, to be a terrour to poore barbarous people; and indeed I am
+  afraid least, by these occasions, others should be drawne to affecte a
+  kind of rufling course in the world. I doubt not but you will take in
+  good part these things which I write, and as ther is cause make use of
+  them. It were to us more comfortable and convenient, that we
+  comunicated our mutuall helps in presence, but seeing that canot be
+  done, we shall always long after you, and love you, and waite Gods
+  apoynted time. The adventurers it seems have neither money nor any
+  great mind of us, for y^e most parte. They deney it to be any part of
+  y^e covenants betwixte us, that they should tr[=a]sporte us, neither
+  doe I looke for any further help from them, till means come from you.
+  We hear are strangers in effecte to y^e whole course, and so both we
+  and you (save as your owne wisdoms and worths have intressed you
+  further) of principals intended in this bussines, are scarce
+  accessaries, &c. My wife, with me, resalute you & yours. Unto him who
+  is y^e same to his in all places, and nere to them which are farr from
+  one an other, I comend you and all with you, resting,
+
+  Yours truly loving,
+  JOHN ROBINSON.
+
+  Leyden, Des: 19. 1623.
+
+_His to M^r. Brewster._
+
+  Loving and dear friend and brother: That which I most desired of God
+  in regard of you, namly, y^e continuance of your life and health, and
+  the safe coming of these sent unto you, that I most gladly hear of,
+  and praise God for the same. And I hope M^rs. Brewsters weake and
+  decayed state of body will have some reparing by the coming of her
+  daughters, and the provissions in this and former ships, I hear is
+  made for you; which maks us with more patience bear our languishing
+  state, and y^e deferring of our desired tr[=a]sportation; w^ch I call
+  desired, rather than hoped for, whatsoever you are borne in hand by
+  any others. For first, ther is no hope at all, that I know, or can
+  conceive of, of any new stock to be raised for that end; so that all
+  must depend [115] upon returns from you, in which are so many
+  uncertainties, as that nothing with any certaintie can thence be
+  concluded. Besids, howsoever for y^e presente the adventurers aledg
+  nothing but want of money, which is an invincible difculty, yet if
+  that be taken away by you, others without doubte will be found. For
+  the beter clearing of this, we must dispose y^e adventurers into 3.
+  parts; and of them some 5. or 6. (as I conceive) are absolutly bent
+  for us, above any others. Other 5. or 6. are our bitter professed
+  adversaries. The rest, being the body, I conceive to be honestly
+  minded, & loveingly also towards us; yet such as have others (namly
+  y^e forward preachers) nerer unto them, then us, and whose course so
+  farr as ther is any differance, they would rather advance then ours.
+  Now what a hanck these men have over y^e professors, you know. And I
+  perswade my selfe, that for me, they of all others are unwilling I
+  should be transported, espetially such of them as have an eye that way
+  them selves; as thinking if I come ther, ther market will be mard in
+  many regards. And for these adversaries, if they have but halfe y^e
+  witte to their malice, they will stope my course when they see it
+  intended, for which this delaying serveth them very opportunly. And as
+  one restie jade can hinder, by hanging back, more then two or 3. can
+  (or will at least, if they be not very free) draw forward, so will it
+  be in this case. A notable[BP] experimente of this, they gave in your
+  messengers presence, constraining y^e company to promise that none of
+  the money now gathered should be expended or imployed to y^e help of
+  any of us towards you. Now touching y^e question propounded by you, I
+  judg it not lawfull for you, being a ruling Elder, as Rom. 12. 7. 8. &
+  1. Tim. 5. 17. opposed to the Elders that teach & exhorte and labore
+  in y^e word and doctrine, to which y^e sacrements are a[=n]exed, to
+  administer them, nor convenient if it were lawfull. Whether any larned
+  man will come unto you or not, I know not; if any doe, you must
+  _Consili[=u] capere in arena_. Be you most hartily saluted, & you^r
+  wife with you, both from me & mine. Your God & ours, and y^e God of
+  all his, bring us together if it be his will, and keep us in the mean
+  while, and allways to his glory, and make us servisable to his
+  majestic, and faithfull to the end. Amen.
+
+  Your very loving brother,
+  JOHN ROBINSON.
+
+  Leyden, Des: 20. 1623.
+
+These things premised, I shall now prosecute y^e procedings and afairs
+here. And before I come to other things I must speak a word of their
+planting this year; they having found y^e benifite of their last years
+harvest, and setting corne for their particuler, having therby with a
+great deale of patience overcome hunger & famine. Which maks me remember
+a saing of Senecas, _Epis: 123_. _That a great parte of libertie is a
+well governed belly, and to be patiente in all wants._ They begane now
+highly to prise corne as more pretious then silver, and those that had
+some to spare begane to trade one with another for smale things, by y^e
+quarte, potle, & peck, &c.; for money they had none, and if any had,
+corne was prefered before it. That they might therfore encrease their
+tillage to better advantage, they made suite [116] to the Gov^r to have
+some portion of land given them for continuance, and not by yearly
+lotte, for by that means, that which y^e more industrious had brought
+into good culture (by much pains) one year, came to leave it y^e nexte,
+and often another might injoye it; so as the dressing of their lands
+were the more sleighted over, & to lese profite. Which being well
+considered, their request was granted. And to every person was given
+only one acrre of land, to them & theirs, as nere y^e towne as might be,
+and they had no more till y^e 7. years were expired. The reason was,
+that they might be kept close together both for more saftie and defence,
+and y^e better improvement of y^e generall imployments. Which condition
+of theirs did make me often thinke, of what I had read in Plinie[BQ] of
+y^e Romans first beginings in Romulus time. _How every man contented him
+selfe with 2. Acres of land, and had no more assigned them. And chap. 3.
+It was thought a great reward, to receive at y^e hands of y^e people of
+Rome a pinte of corne. And long after, the greatest presente given to a
+Captaine y^t had gotte a victory over their enemise, was as much ground
+as they could till in one day. And he was not counted a good, but a
+dangerous man, that would not contente him selfe with 7. Acres of land.
+As also how they did pound their corne in morters_, as these people were
+forcte to doe many years before they could get a mille.
+
+The ship which brought this supply, was speedily discharged, and with
+her m^r & company sente to Cap-Anne (of which place they had gott a
+patente, as before is shewed) on fishing, and because the season was so
+farr spente some of y^e planters were sent to help to build their stage,
+to their owne hinderance. But partly by y^e latenes of y^e year, and
+more espetialy by y^e basnes of y^e m^r, one Baker, they made a poore
+viage of it. He proved a very drunken beast, and did nothing (in a
+maner) but drink, & gusle, and consume away y^e time & his victails; and
+most of his company followed his example; and though M^r. William Peirce
+was to over see the busines, & to be m^r. of y^e ship home, yet he could
+doe no good amongst them, so as y^e loss was great, and would have bene
+more to them, but that they kept one a trading ther, which in those
+times got some store of skins, which was some help unto them.
+
+The ship-carpenter that was sent them, was an honest and very
+industrious man, and followed his labour very dilligently, and made all
+that were imployed with him doe y^e like; he quickly builte them 2.
+very good & strong shalops (which after did them greate service), and a
+great and strong lighter, and had hewne timber for 2. catches; but that
+was lost, for he fell into a feaver in y^e hote season of the year, and
+though he had the best means y^e place could aforde, yet he dyed; of
+whom they had a very [117] great loss, and were very sorie for his
+death. But he whom they sent to make salte was an ignorante, foolish,
+self-willd fellow; he bore them in hand he could doe great matters in
+making salt-works, so he was sente to seeke out fitte ground for his
+purpose; and after some serch he tould y^e Gov^r that he had found a
+sufficente place, with a good botome to hold water, and otherwise very
+conveniente, which he doubted not but in a short time to bring to good
+perfection, and to yeeld them great profite; but he must have 8. or ten
+men to be constantly imployed. He was wisht to be sure that y^e ground
+was good, and other things answerable, and y^t he could bring it to
+perfection; otherwise he would bring upon them a great charge by
+imploying him selfe and so many men. But he was, after some triall, so
+confidente, as he caused them to send carpenters to rear a great frame
+for a large house, to receive y^e salte & such other uses. But in y^e
+end all proved vaine. Then he layed fault of y^e ground, in which he was
+deceived; but if he might have the lighter to cary clay, he was sure
+then he could doe it. Now though y^e Gov^r & some other foresaw that
+this would come to litle, yet they had so many malignant spirits amongst
+them, that would have laid it upon them, in their letters of complainte
+to the adventurers, as to be their falte y^t would not suffer him to goe
+on to bring his work to perfection; for as he by his bould confidence &
+large promises deceived them in England that sente him, so he had wound
+him selfe in to these mens high esteeme hear, so as they were faine to
+let him goe on till all men saw his vanity. For he could not doe any
+thing but boyle salt in pans, & yet would make them y^t were joynd with
+him beleeve ther was so grat a misterie in it as was not easie to be
+attained, and made them doe many unnecessary things to blind their eys,
+till they discerned his sutltie. The next yere he was sente to Cap-Anne,
+and y^e pans were set up ther wher the fishing was; but before so[=m]er
+was out, he bu[=r]te the house, and the fire was so vehemente as it
+spoyld the pans, at least some of them, and this was the end of that
+chargable bussines.
+
+The 3^d. eminente person (which y^e letters before mention) was y^e
+minister which they sent over, by name M^r. John Lyford, of whom & whose
+doing I must be more large, though I shall abridg things as much as I
+can. When this man first came a shore, he saluted them with that
+reverence & humilitie as is seldome to be seen, and indeed made them
+ashamed, he so bowed and cringed unto them, and would have kissed their
+hands if they would have [118] suffered him;[BR] yea, he wept & shed
+many tears, blessing God that had brought him to see their faces; and
+admiring y^e things they had done in their wants, &c. as if he had been
+made all of love, and y^e humblest person in the world. And all the
+while (if we may judg by his after cariags) he was but like him
+mentioned in Psa: 10. 10. That croucheth & boweth, that heaps of poore
+may fall by his might. Or like to that dissembling Ishmaell,[BS] who,
+when he had slaine Gedelia, went out weeping and mette them y^t were
+coming to offer incence in y^e house of y^e Lord; saing, Come to
+Gedelia, when he ment to slay them. They gave him y^e best entertainment
+y^ey could, (in all simplisitie,) and a larger alowans of food out of
+y^e store then any other had, and as the Gov^r had used in all waightie
+affairs to consulte with their Elder, M^r. Brewster, (togeither with his
+assistants,) so now he caled M^r. Liford also to counsell with them in
+their waightiest bussineses. Ater some short time he desired to joyne
+himselfe a member to y^e church hear, and was accordingly received. He
+made a large confession of his faith, and an acknowledgemente of his
+former disorderly walking, and his being intangled with many
+corruptions, which had been a burthen to his conscience, and blessed God
+for this opportunitie of freedom & libertie to injoye y^e ordinances of
+God in puritie among his people, with many more such like expressions.
+I must hear speake a word also of M^r. John Oldom, who was a copartner
+with him in his after courses. He had bene a cheefe sticler in y^e
+former faction among y^e perticulers, and an intelligencer to those in
+England. But now, since the coming of this ship and he saw the supply
+that came, he tooke occasion to open his minde to some of y^e cheefe
+amongst them heere, and confessed he had done them wrong both by word &
+deed, & writing into England; but he now saw the eminente hand of God to
+be with them, and his blesing upon them, which made his hart smite him,
+neither should those in England ever use him as an instrumente any
+longer against them in any thing; he also desired former things might be
+forgotten, and that they would looke upon him as one that desired to
+close with them in all things, with such like expressions. Now whether
+this was in hipocrisie, or out of some sudden pange of conviction (which
+I rather thinke), God only knows. Upon it they shew all readynes to
+imbrace his love, and carry towards him in all frendlynes, and called
+him to counsell with them in all cheefe affairs, as y^e other, without
+any distrust at all.
+
+Thus all things seemed to goe very comfortably and smothly on amongst
+them, at which they did much rejoyce; but this lasted not [119] long,
+for both Oldom and he grew very perverse, and shewed a spirite of great
+malignancie, drawing as many into faction as they could; were they
+never so vile or profane, they did nourish & back them in all their
+doings; so they would but cleave to them and speak against y^e church
+hear; so as ther was nothing but private meetings and whisperings
+amongst them; they feeding themselves & others with what they should
+bring to pass in England by the faction of their freinds their, which
+brought others as well as them selves into a fools paradise. Yet they
+could not cary so closly but much of both their doings & sayings were
+discovered, yet outwardly they still set a faire face of things.
+
+At lenght when y^e ship was ready to goe, it was observed Liford was
+long in writing, & sente many letters, and could not forbear to
+comunicate to his intimats such things as made them laugh in their
+sleeves, and thought he had done ther errand sufficiently. The Gov^r and
+some other of his freinds knowing how things stood in England, and what
+hurt these things might doe, tooke a shalop and wente out with the ship
+a league or 2. to sea, and caled for all Lifords & Oldums letters. Mr.
+William Peirce being m^r. of y^e ship, (and knew well their evill
+dealing both in England & here,) afforded him all y^e assistance he
+could. He found above 20. of Lyfords letters, many of them larg, and
+full of slanders, & false accusations, tending not only to their
+prejudice, but to their ruine & utter subversion. Most of the letters
+they let pas, only tooke copys of them, but some of y^e most materiall
+they sent true copyes of them, and kept y^e originalls, least he should
+deney them, and that they might produce his owne hand against him.
+Amongst his letters they found y^e coppyes of tow letters which he sent
+inclosed in a leter of his to M^r. John Pemberton, a minster, and a
+great opposite of theirs. These 2. letters of which he tooke the coppyes
+were one of them write by a gentle-man in England to M^r. Brewster here,
+the other by M^r. Winslow to M^r. Robinson, in Holand, at his coming
+away, as y^e ship lay at Gravsend. They lying sealed in y^e great cabin,
+(whilst M^r. Winslow was bussie aboute the affairs of y^e ship,) this
+slye marchante taks & opens them, taks these coppys, & seals them up
+againe; and not only sends the coppyes of them thus to his friend and
+their adversarie, but adds thertoo in y^e margente many scurrilous and
+flouting a[=n]otations. This ship went out _towards e[=v]ing_, and _in
+the night_ y^e Gov^r retu[=r]ed. They were somwaht blanke at it, but
+after some weeks, when they heard nothing, they then were as briske as
+ever, thinking nothing had been knowne, but all was gone currente, and
+that the Gov^r went but to dispatch his owne letters. The reason why the
+Gov^r & rest concealed these things the longer, was to let things ripen,
+that they [120] might y^e better discover their intents and see who were
+their adherents. And y^e rather because amongst y^e rest they found a
+letter of one of their confederats, in w^ch was writen that M^r. Oldame
+& M^r. Lyford intended a reformation in church and commone wealth; and,
+as soone as the ship was gone, they intended to joyne togeather, and
+have the sacrements, &c.
+
+For Oldame, few of his leters were found, (for he was so bad a scribe as
+his hand was scarce legible,) yet he was as deepe in y^e mischeefe as
+the other. And thinking they were now strong enough, they begane to pick
+quarells at every thing. Oldame being called to watch (according to
+order) refused to come, fell out with y^e Capten, caled him raskell, and
+beggerly raskell, and resisted him, drew his knife at him; though he
+offered him no wrong, nor gave him no ille termes, but with all fairnes
+required him to doe his duty. The Gov^r, hearing y^e tumulte, sent to
+quiet it, but he ramped more like a furious beast then a man, and cald
+them all treatours, and rebells, and other such foule language as I am
+ashamed to remember; but after he was clapt up a while, he came to him
+selfe, and with some slight punishmente was let goe upon his behaviour
+for further censure.
+
+But to cutt things shorte, at length it grew to this esseue, that Lyford
+with his complicies, without ever speaking one word either to y^e Gov^r,
+Church, or Elder, withdrewe them selves & set up a publick meeting
+aparte, on y^e Lord's day; with sundry such insolente cariages, too long
+here to relate, begining now publikly to acte what privatly they had
+been long plotting.
+
+It was now thought high time (to prevent further mischeefe) to calle
+them to accounte; so y^e Gov^r called a courte and su[=m]oned the whol
+company to appeare. And then charged Lyford & Oldom with such things as
+they were guilty of. But they were stiffe, & stood resolutly upon y^e
+deneyall of most things, and required proofe. They first alledged what
+was write to them out of England, compared with their doings & pactises
+hear; that it was evident they joyned in plotting against them, and
+disturbing their peace, both in respecte of their civill & church state,
+which was most injurious; for both they and all y^e world knew they came
+hither to injoye y^e libertie of their conscience and y^e free use of
+Gods ordinances; and for y^t end had ventured their lives and passed
+throwgh so much hardshipe hithertoo, and they and their freinds had
+borne the charg of these beginings, which was not small. And that Lyford
+for his parte was sent over on this charge, and that both he and his
+great family was maintained on y^e same, and also was joyned to y^e
+church, & a member of them; and for him to plote against them & seek
+their ruine, was most unjust & perfidious. And for [121] Oldam or any
+other that came over at their owne charge, and were on ther perticuler,
+seeing they were received in curtesie by the plantation, when they came
+only to seeke shelter & protection under their wings, not being able to
+stand alone, that they, (according to y^e fable,) like the Hedghogg
+whom y^e conny in a stormy day in pittie received into her borrow, would
+not be content to take part with her, but in the end with her sharp
+pricks forst the poore conny to forsake her owne borrow; so these men
+with the like injustice indevored to doe y^e same to thos that
+entertained them.
+
+Lyford denyed that he had any thing to doe with them in England, or knew
+of their courses, and made other things as strange that he was charged
+with. Then his letters were prodused & some of them read, at which he
+was struck mute. But Oldam begane to rage furiously, because they had
+intercepted and opened his letters, threatening them in very high
+language, and in a most audacious and mutinous maner stood up & caled
+upon y^e people, saying, My maisters, wher is your harts? now shew your
+courage, you have oft complained to me so & so; now is y^e time, if you
+will doe any thing, I will stand by you, &c. Thinking y^t every one
+(knowing his humor) that had soothed and flattered him, or other wise in
+their discontente uttered any thing unto him, would now side w^th him in
+open rebellion. But he was deceived, for not a man opened his mouth, but
+all were silent, being strucken with the injustice of y^e thing. Then
+y^e Gov^r turned his speech to M^r. Lyford, and asked him if he thought
+they had done evill to open his letters; but he was silente, & would not
+say a word, well knowing what they might reply. Then y^e Gov^r shewed
+the people he did it as a magistrate, and was bound to it by his place,
+to prevent y^e mischeefe & ruine that this conspiracie and plots of
+theirs would bring on this poor colony. But he, besids his evill dealing
+hear, had delte trecherusly with his freinds y^t trusted him, & stole
+their letters & opened them, and sent coppies of them, with disgracefull
+a[=n]otations, to his freinds in England. And then y^e Gov^r produced
+them and his other letters under his owne hand, (which he could not
+deney,) and caused them to be read before all y^e people; at which all
+his freinds were blanke, and had not a word to say.
+
+It would be too long & tedious here to inserte his letters (which would
+almost fill a volume), though I have them by me. I shall only note a few
+of y^e cheefe things collected out of them, with y^e answers to them as
+they were then given; and but a few of those many, only for instance, by
+which the rest may be judged of.
+
+[121[BT]] 1. First, he saith, the church would have none to live hear
+but them selves. 2^ly. Neither are any willing so to doe if they had
+company to live elswher.
+
+Ans: Their answer was, that this was false, in both y^e parts of it; for
+they were willing & desirous y^t any honest men may live with them, that
+will cary them selves peacably, and seek y^e co[=m]one good, or at least
+doe them no hurte. And againe, ther are many that will not live els
+wher so long as they may live with them.
+
+2. That if ther come over any honest men that are not of y^e seperation,
+they will quickly distast them, &c.
+
+A. Ther answer was as before, that it was a false callumniation, for
+they had many amongst them that they liked well of, and were glad of
+their company; and should be of any such like that should come amongst
+them.
+
+3. That they excepted against him for these 2. doctrins raised from 2.
+Sam: 12. 7. First, that ministers must sume times perticulerly apply
+their doctrine to spetiall persons; 2^ly, that great men may be reproved
+as well as meaner.
+
+A. Their answer was, that both these were without either truth or colour
+of y^e same (as was proved to his face), and that they had taught and
+beleeved these things long before they knew M^r. Liford.
+
+4. That they utterly sought y^e ruine of y^e perticulers; as appeareth
+by this, that they would not suffer any of y^e generall either to buy or
+sell with them, or to exchaing one co[=m]oditie for another.
+
+Ans: This was a most malicious slander and voyd of all truth, as was
+evidently proved to him before all men; for any of them did both buy,
+sell, or exchaing with them as often as they had any occation. Yea, and
+allso both lend & give to them when they wanted; and this the perticuler
+persons them selves could not deney, but freely confest in open court.
+But y^e ground from whence this arose made it much worse, for he was in
+counsell with them. When one was called before them, and questioned for
+receiving powder and bisket from y^e gu[=n]er of the small ship, which
+was y^e companys, and had it put in at his window in the night, and
+allso for buying salt of one, that had no right to it, he not only stood
+to back him (being one of these perticulers) by excusing & extenuating
+his falte, as long as he could, but upon this builds this mische[=c]ous
+& most false slander: That because they would not suffer them to buy
+stolne goods, ergo, they sought their utter ruine. Bad logick for a
+devine.
+
+5. Next he writs, that he chocked them with this; that they turned [122]
+men into their perticuler, and then sought to starve them, and deprive
+them of all means of subsistance.
+
+A. To this was answered, he did them manifest wrong, for they turned
+none into their perticuler; it was their owne importunitie and ernest
+desire that moved them, yea, constrained them to doe it. And they
+apealed to y^e persons them selves for y^e truth hereof. And they
+testified the same against him before all present, as allso that they
+had no cause to complaine of any either hard or unkind usage.
+
+6. He accuseth them with unjust distribution, and writeth, that it was a
+strang difference, that some have bene alowed 16^li. of meale by y^e
+weeke, and others but 4^li. And then (floutingly) saith, it seems some
+mens mouths and bellies are very litle & slender over others.
+
+Ans: This might seeme strange indeed to those to whom he write his
+leters in England, which knew not y^e reason of it; but to him and
+others hear, it could not be strange, who knew how things stood. For the
+first co[=m]ers had none at all, but lived on their corne. Those w^ch
+_came in y^e Anne, y^e August before_, & were to live 13. months of the
+provissions they brought, had as good alowance in meal & pease as it
+would extend too, y^e most part of y^e year; but a litle before harvest,
+when they had not only fish, but other fruits began to come in, they had
+but 4^li. having their libertie to make their owne provisions. But some
+of these which came last, as y^e ship carpenter, and samiers, the
+salte-men & others that were to follow constante imployments, and had
+not an howers time, from their hard labours, to looke for any thing
+above their alowance; they had at first, 16^li. alowed them, and
+afterwards as fish, & other food coued be gott, they had as balemente,
+to 14. &. 12. yea some of them to 8. as the times & occasions did vary.
+And yet those which followed planting and their owne occasions, and had
+but 4^li. of meall a week, lived better then y^e other, as was well
+knowne to all. And yet it must be remembered that Lyford & his had
+allwais the highest alowance.
+
+Many other things (in his letters) he accused them of, with many
+aggravations; as that he saw exseeding great wast of tools & vesseles; &
+this, when it came to be examened, all y^e instance he could give was,
+that he had seen an old hogshed or too fallen to peeces, and a broken
+how or tow lefte carlesly in y^e feilds by some. Though he also knew
+that a godly, honest man was appointed to looke to these things. But
+these things & such like was write of by him, to cast disgrace &
+prejudice upon them; as thinking what came from a [123] minister would
+pass for currente. Then he tells them that Winslow should say, that ther
+was not above 7. of y^e adventurers y^t souight y^e good of y^e collony.
+That M^r. Oldam & him selfe had had much to doe with them, and that y^e
+faction here might match y^e Jesuits for politie. With many y^e like
+greevious complaints & accusations.
+
+1. Then, in the next place, he comes to give his freinds counsell and
+directtion. And first, that y^e Leyden company (M^r. Robinson & y^e
+rest) must still be kepte back, or els all will be spoyled. And least
+any of them should be taken in privatly somewher on y^e coast of
+England, (as it was feared might be done,) they must chaing the m^r. of
+y^e ship (M^r. William Peirce), and put another allso in Winslows stead,
+for marchante, or els it would not be prevented.
+
+2. Then he would have such a number provided as might oversway them
+hear. And that y^e perticulers should have voyces in all courts &
+elections, and be free to bear any office. And that every perticuler
+should come over as an adventurer, if he be but a servante; some other
+venturing 10^li., y^e bill may be taken out in y^e servants name, and
+then assigned to y^e party whose money it was, and good covenants drawn
+betweene them for y^e clearing of y^e matter; and this (saith he) would
+be a means to strengthen this side y^e more.
+
+3. Then he tells them that if that Capten they spoake of should come
+over hither as a generall, he was perswaded he would be chosen Capten;
+for this Captaine Standish looks like a silly boy, and is in utter
+contempte.
+
+4. Then he shows that if by y^e forementioned means they cannot be
+strengthened to cary & overbear things, it will be best for them to
+plant els wher by them selves; and would have it artickled by them that
+they might make choyse of any place that they liked best within 3. or 4.
+myls distance, shewing ther were farr better places for plantation then
+this.
+
+5. And lastly he concluds, that if some number came not over to bear
+them up here, then ther would be no abiding for them, but by joyning
+with these hear. Then he adds: Since I begane to write, ther are letters
+come from your company, wherin they would give sole authoritie in
+diverce things unto the Gov^r here; which, if it take place, then, _Ve
+nobis_. But I hope you will be more vigilante hereafter, that nothing
+may pass in such a ma[=n]er. I suppose (saith he) M^r. Oldame will write
+to you further of these things. I pray you conceall me in the discovery
+of these things, &c.
+
+Thus I have breefly touched some cheefe things in his leters, and shall
+now returne to their procceeding with him. After the reading of his
+leters before the whole company, he was demanded what he could say to
+these things. [124] But all y^e answer he made was, that Billington and
+some others had informed him of many things, and made sundrie
+complaints, which they now deneyed. He was againe asked if that was a
+sufficiente ground for him thus to accuse & traduse them by his letters,
+and never say word to them, considering the many bonds betweene them.
+And so they went on from poynte to poynte; and wisht him, or any of his
+freinds & confederats, not to spare them in any thing; if he or they had
+any proofe or witnes of any corrupte or evill dealing of theirs, his or
+their evidence must needs be ther presente, for ther was the whole
+company and sundery strangers. He said he had been abused by others in
+their informations, (as he now well saw,) and so had abused them. And
+this was all the answer they could have, for none would take his parte
+in any thing; but Billington, & any whom he named, deneyed the things,
+and protested he wronged them, and would have drawne them to such &
+such things which they could not consente too, though they were
+sometimes drawne to his meetings. Then they delte with him aboute his
+dissembling with them aboute y^e church, and that he professed to concur
+with them in all things, and what a large confession he made at his
+admittance, and that he held not him selfe a minister till he had a new
+calling, &c. And yet now he contested against them, and drew a company
+aparte, & sequestred him selfe; and would goe minister the sacrements
+(by his Episcopall caling) without ever speaking a word unto them,
+either as magistrats or bretheren. In conclusion, he was fully
+convicted, and burst out into tears, and "confest he feared he was a
+reprobate, his sinns were so great that he doubted God would not pardon
+them, he was unsavorie salte, &c.; and that he had so wronged them as he
+could never make them amends, confessing all he had write against them
+was false & nought, both for matter & ma[=n]er." And all this he did
+with as much fullnes as words & tears could express.
+
+After their triall & conviction, the court censured them to be expeld
+the place; Oldame presently, though his wife & family had liberty to
+stay all winter, or longer, till he could make provission to remove them
+comfortably. Lyford had liberty to stay 6. months. It was, indeede, with
+some eye to his release, if he caried him selfe well in the meane time,
+and that his repentance proved sound. Lyford acknowledged his censure
+was farr less then he deserved.
+
+Afterwards, he confest his sin publikly in y^e church, with tears more
+largly then before. I shall here put it downe as I find it recorded by
+some who tooke it from his owne words, as him selfe utered them.
+Acknowledging [125] "That he had don very evill, and slanderously abused
+them; and thinking most of y^e people would take parte with him, he
+thought to cary all by violence and strong hand against them. And that
+God might justly lay i[=n]ocente blood to his charge, for he knew not
+what hurt might have come of these his writings, and blest God they were
+stayed. And that he spared not to take knowledg from any, of any evill
+that was spoaken, but shut his eyes & ears against all the good; and if
+God should make him a vacabund in y^e earth, as was Caine, it was but
+just, for he had sined in envie & malice against his brethren as he did.
+And he confessed 3. things to be y^e ground & causes of these his
+doings: pride, vaine-glorie, & selfe love." Amplifying these heads with
+many other sade expressions, in the perticulers of them.
+
+So as they begane againe to conceive good thoughts of him upon this his
+repentance, and admited him to teach amongst them as before; and Samuell
+Fuller (a deacon amongst them), and some other tender harted men
+amongst them, were so taken with his signes of sorrow & repentance, as
+they professed they would fall upon their knees to have his censure
+released.
+
+But that which made them all stand amased in the end, and may doe all
+others that shall come to hear y^e same, (for a rarer president can
+scarse be showne,) was, that after a month or 2. notwithstand all his
+former conffessions, convictions, and publick acknowledgments, both in
+y^e face of y^e church and whole company, with so many tears & sadde
+censures of him selfe before God & men, he should goe againe to justifie
+what he had done.
+
+For secretly he write a 2^d. leter to y^e adventurers in England, in
+w^ch he justified all his former writings, (save in some things which
+tended to their damage,) the which, because it is brefer then y^e
+former, I shall here inserte.
+
+  Worthy S^rs: Though the filth of mine owne doings may justly be cast
+  in my face, and with blushing cause my perpetuall silence, yet that
+  y^e truth may not herby be injuried, your selves any longer deluded,
+  nor injurious[BU] dealing caried out still, with bould out facings, I
+  have adventured once more to write unto you. Firest, I doe freely
+  confess I delte very indiscreetly in some of my perticuler leters w^ch
+  I wrote to private freinds, for y^e courses in coming hither & the
+  like; which I doe in no sorte seeke to justifie, though stired up ther
+  unto in the beholding y^e indirecte courses held by others, both
+  hear, & ther with you, for effecting their designes. But am hartily
+  sory for it, and doe to y^e glory of God & mine owne shame acknowledg
+  it. Which leters being intercepted by the Gov^r, I have for y^e same
+  undergone y^e censure [126] of banishmente. And had it not been for
+  y^e respecte I have unto you, and some other matters of private
+  regard, I had returned againe at this time by y^e pinass for England;
+  for hear I purpose not to abide, unless I receive better incouragmente
+  from you, then from y^e church (as they call them selves) here I doe
+  receive. I purposed before I came, to undergoe hardnes, therfore I
+  shall I hope cherfully bear y^e conditions of y^e place, though very
+  mean; and they have chainged my wages ten times allready. I suppose my
+  letters, or at least y^e coppies of them, are come to your hands, for
+  so they hear reporte; which, if it be so, I pray you take notice of
+  this, that I have writen nothing but what is certainly true, and I
+  could make so apeare planly to any indifferente men, whatsoever
+  colours be cast to darken y^e truth, and some ther are very audatious
+  this way; besids many other matters which are farre out of order hear.
+  My mind was not to enlarge my selfe any further, but in respecte of
+  diverse poore souls here, y^e care of whom in parte belongs to you,
+  being here destitute of the me[=a]s of salvation. For how so ever y^e
+  church are provided for, to their contente, who are y^e smalest number
+  in y^e collony, and doe so appropriate y^e ministrie to them selves,
+  houlding this principle, that y^e Lord hath not appointed any ordinary
+  ministrie for y^e conversion of those y^t are without, so y^t some of
+  y^e poor souls have w^th tears complained of this to me, and I was
+  taxed for preaching to all in generall. Though in truth they have had
+  no ministrie here since they came, but such as may be performed by any
+  of you, by their owne possition, what soever great pretences they
+  make; but herin they equivocate, as in many other things they doe.
+  But I exceede y^e bounds I set my selfe, therfore resting thus,
+  untill I hear further from you, so it be within y^e time limited me. I
+  rest, &c.,
+
+  Remaining yours ever,
+  JOHN LYFORD, Exille.
+
+  Dated Aug: 22. An^o: 1624.
+
+
+They made a breefe answer to some things in this leter, but referred
+cheefly to their former. The effecte was to this purpose: That if God in
+his providence had not brought these things to their hands (both y^e
+former & later), they might have been thus abused, tradused, and
+calumniated, overthrowne, & undone; and never have knowne by whom, nor
+for what. They desired but this equall favoure, that they would be
+pleased to hear their just defence, as well as his accusations, and
+waigh them in y^e balance of justice & reason, and then censure as they
+pleased. They had write breefly to y^e heads of things before, and
+should be ready to give further [127] answer as any occasion should
+require; craving leave to adde a word or tow to this last.
+
+1. And first, they desire to examene what filth that was y^t he
+acknowledgeth might justly be throwne in his face, and might cause
+blushing & perpetuall silence; some great mater sure! But if it be
+looked into, it amounts to no more then a poynte of indiscretion, and
+thats all; and yet he licks of y^t too with this excuse, that he was
+stired up therunto by beholding y^e indirecte course here. But this
+point never troubled him here, it was counted a light matter both by him
+& his freinds, and put of with this,--that any man might doe so, to
+advise his private freinds to come over for their best advantage. All
+his sorrow & tears here was for y^e wrong & hurt he had done us, and not
+at all for this he pretends to be done to you: it was not counted so
+much as indiscretion.
+
+2. Having thus payed you full satisfaction, he thinks he may lay load of
+us here. And first complains that we have changed his wages ten times.
+We never agreed with him for any wages, nor made any bargen at all with
+him, neither know of any that you have made. You sent him over to teach
+amongst us, and desired he might be kindly used; and more then this we
+know not. That he hath beene kindly used, (and farr beter then he
+deserves from us,) he shall be judged first of his owne mouth. If you
+please to looke upon that writing of his, that was sent you amongst his
+leters, which he cals a generall relation, in which, though he doth
+otherwise traduse us, yet in this he him selfe clears us. In y^e latter
+end therof he hath these words. _I speak not this_ (saith he) _out of
+any ill affection to the men, for I have found them very kind & loving
+to me._ You may ther see these to be his owne words under his owne hand.
+2^ly. It will appere by this that he hath ever had a larger alowance of
+food out of y^e store for him and his then any, and clothing as his
+neede hath required; a dwelling in one of our best houses, and a man
+wholy at his owne co[=m]and to tend his private affairs. What cause he
+hath therfore to complaine, judge ye; and what he means in his speech we
+know not, except he aluds to y^t of Jaacob & Laban. If you have promised
+him more or other wise, you may doe it when you please.
+
+3. Then with an impudente face he would have you take notice, that (in
+his leters) he hath write nothing but what is certainly true, yea, and
+he could make it so appeare plainly to any indifferente men. This indeed
+doth astonish us and causeth us to tremble at y^e deceitfullnes [128]
+and desperate wickednes of mans harte. This is to devoure holy things,
+and after voues to enquire. It is admirable that after such publick
+confession, and acknowledgmente in court, in church, before God, & men,
+with such sadd expressions as he used, and with such melting into
+teares, that after all this he shoud now justifie all againe. If things
+had bene done in a corner, it had been some thinge to deney them; but
+being done in y^e open view of y^e cuntrie & before all men, it is more
+then strange now to avow to make them plainly appear to any indifferente
+men; and here wher things were done, and all y^e evidence that could be
+were presente, and yet could make nothing appear, but even his freinds
+condemnd him & gave their voyce to his censure, so grose were they; we
+leave your selves to judge herein. Yet least this man should triumph in
+his wikednes, we shall be ready to answer him, when, or wher you will,
+to any thing he shall lay to our charg, though we have done it
+sufficiently allready.
+
+4. Then he saith he would not inlarge, but for some poore souls here who
+are destiute of y^e means of salvation, &c. But all his soothing is but
+that you would use means, that his censure might be released that he
+might here continue; and under you (at least) be sheltered, till he sees
+what his freinds (on whom he depends) can bring about & effecte. For
+such men pretend much for poor souls, but they will looke to their wages
+& conditions; if that be not to their content, let poor souls doe what
+they will, they will shift for them selves, and seek poore souls some
+wher els among richer bodys.
+
+Next he fals upon y^e church, that indeed is y^e burthensome stone that
+troubls him. First, he saith they hold this principle, that the Lord
+hath not apointed any ordinarie ministrie for y^e converssion of those
+without. The church needs not be ashamed of what she houlds in this,
+haveing Gods word for her warrente; that ordinarie officers are bound
+cheefly to their flocks, Acts 20. 28. and are not to be extravagants, to
+goe, come, and leave them at their pleasurs to shift for them selves, or
+to be devoured of wolves. But he perverts y^e truth in this as in other
+things, for y^e Lord hath as well appoynted them to converte, as to
+feede in their severall charges; and he wrongs y^e church to say other
+wise. Againe, he saith he was taxed for preaching to all in generall.
+This is a meere untruth, for this dissembler knows that every Lords day
+some are appointed to visite suspected places, & if any be found idling
+and neglecte y^e hearing of y^e word, (through idlnes or profanes,) they
+are punished for y^e same. Now to procure all to come to hear, and then
+to blame him for preaching to all, were to play y^e mad men.
+
+[129] 6. Next (he saith) they have had no ministrie since they came,
+what soever pretences they make, &c. We answer, the more is our wrong,
+that our pastor is kept from us by these mens means, and then reproach
+us for it when they have done. Yet have we not been wholy distitute of
+y^e means of salvation, as this man would make y^e world beleeve; for
+our reve^d Elder hath laboured diligently in dispencing the word of God
+unto us, before he came; and since hath taken equalle pains with him
+selfe in preaching the same; and, be it spoaken without ostentation, he
+is not inferriour to M^r. Lyford (& some of his betters) either in gifts
+or larning, though he would never be perswaded to take higher office
+upon him. Nor ever was more pretended in this matter. For equivocating,
+he may take it to him selfe; what y^e church houlds, they have
+manifested to y^e world, in all plaines, both in open confession,
+doctrine, & writing.
+
+This was y^e sume of ther answer, and hear I will let them rest for y^e
+presente. I have bene longer in these things then I desired, and yet not
+so long as the things might require, for I pass many things in silence,
+and many more deserve to have been more largly handled. But I will
+returne to other things, and leave y^e rest to its place.
+
+The pinass that was left sunck & cast away near Damarins-cove, as is
+before showed, some of y^e fishing maisters said it was a pity so fine a
+vessell should be lost, and sent them word that, if they would be at y^e
+cost, they would both directe them how to waygh her, and let them have
+their carpenters to mend her. They thanked them, & sente men aboute it,
+and beaver to defray y^e charge, (without which all had been in vaine).
+So they gott coopers to trime, I know not how many tune of cask, and
+being made tight and fastened to her at low-water, they boyed her up;
+and then with many hands hald her on shore in a conveniente place wher
+she might be wrought upon; and then hired sundrie carpenters to work
+upon her, and other to saw planks, and at last fitted her & got her
+home. But she cost a great deale of money, in thus recovering her, and
+buying riging & seails for her, both now and when before she lost her
+mast; so as she proved a chargable vessell to y^e poor plantation. So
+they sent her home, and with her Lyford sent his last letter, in great
+secrecie; but y^e party intrusted with it gave it y^e Gov^r.
+
+The winter was passed over in ther ordinarie affairs, without any
+spetiall mater worth noteing; saveing that many who before stood
+something of from y^e church, now seeing Lyfords unrighteous dealing,
+and malignitie against y^e church, now tendered them selves to y^e
+church, and were joyned to y^e same; proffessing that it was not out of
+y^e dislike of any thing that they had stood of so long, but a desire to
+fitte them selves beter for such a state, and they saw now y^e Lord cald
+for their help. [130] And so these troubls prodused a quite contrary
+effecte in sundrie hear, then these adversaries hoped for. Which was
+looked at as a great worke of God, to draw on men by unlickly means; and
+that in reason which might rather have set them further of. And thus I
+shall end this year.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1625._
+
+At y^e spring of y^e year, about y^e time of their Election Court, Oldam
+came againe amongst them; and though it was a part of his censure for
+his former mutinye and miscariage, not to returne without leave first
+obtained, yet in his dareing spirite, he presumed without any leave at
+all, being also set on & hardened by y^e ill counsell of others. And not
+only so, but suffered his unruly passion to rune beyond y^e limits of
+all reason and modestie; in so much that some strangers which came with
+him were ashamed of his outrage, and rebuked him; but all reprofes were
+but as oyle to y^e fire, and made y^e flame of his coller greater. He
+caled them all to nought, in this his mad furie, and a hundred rebells
+and traytors, and I know not what. But in conclusion they co[=m]ited him
+till he was tamer, and then apointed a gard of musketers w^ch he was to
+pass throw, and ever one was ordered to give him a thump on y^e brich,
+with y^e but end of his musket, and then was conveied to y^e water side,
+wher a boat was ready to cary him away. Then they bid him goe & mende
+his maners.
+
+Whilst this was a doing, M^r. William Peirce and M^r. Winslow came up
+from y^e water side, being come from England; but they were so busie
+with Oldam, as they never saw them till they came thus upon them. They
+bid them not spare either him or Liford, for they had played y^e vilans
+with them. But that I may hear make an end with him, I shall hear once
+for all relate what befell concerning him in y^e future, & y^t breefly.
+After y^e removall of his familie from hence, he fell into some straits,
+(as some others did,) and aboute a year or more afterwards, towards
+winter, he intended a vioage for Virginia; but it so pleased God that
+y^e barke that caried him, and many other passengers, was in that
+danger, as they dispaired of life; so as many of them, as they fell to
+prayer, so also did they begine to examine their consciences [131] and
+confess such sins as did most burthen them. And M^r. Ouldame did make a
+free and large confession of y^e wrongs and hurt he had done to y^e
+people and church here, in many perticulers, that as he had sought their
+ruine, so God had now mette with him and might destroy him; yea, he
+feared they all fared y^e worce for his sake; he prayed God to forgive
+him, and made vowes that, if y^e Lord spard his life, he would become
+otherwise, and y^e like. This I had from some of good credite, yet
+living in y^e Bay, and were them selves partners in the same dangers on
+y^e shoulds of Cap-Codd, and heard it from his owne mouth. It pleased
+God to spare their lives, though they lost their viage; and in time
+after wards, Ouldam caried him selfe fairly towards them, and
+acknowledged y^e hand of God to be with them, and seemed to have an
+honourable respecte of them; and so farr made his peace with them, as he
+in after time had libertie to goe and come, and converse with them, at
+his pleasure. He went after this to Virginia, and had ther a great
+sicknes, but recovered and came back againe to his familie in y^e Bay,
+and ther lived till some store of people came over. At lenght going a
+trading in a smale vessell among y^e Indians, and being weakly mand,
+upon some quarell they knockt him on y^e head with a hatched, so as he
+fell downe dead, & never spake word more. 2. litle boys that were his
+kinsmen were saved, but had some hurte, and y^e vessell was strangly
+recovered from y^e Indeans by another that belonged to y^e Bay of
+Massachusets; and this his death was one ground of the Pequente warr
+which followed.
+
+I am now come to M^r. Lyford. His time being now expired, his censure
+was to take place. He was so farre from answering their hopes by
+amendmente in y^e time, as he had dubled his evill, as is before noted.
+But first behold y^e hand of God concei[=r]ing him, wherin that of y^e
+Psalmist is verified. Psa: 7. 15. He hath made a pitte, & digged it, and
+is fallen into the pitte he made. He thought to bring shame and disgrace
+upon them, but in stead therof opens his owne to all y^e world. For when
+he was delte with all aboute his second letter, his wife was so affected
+with his doings, as she could no longer conceaill her greefe and sorrow
+of minde, but opens y^e same to one of their deacons & some other of her
+freinds, & after uttered y^e same to M^r. Peirce upon his arrivall.
+Which was to this purpose, that she feared some great judgment of God
+would fall upon them, and upon her, for her husbands cause; now that
+they were to remove, she feared to fall into y^e Indeans hands, and to
+be defiled by them, as he had defiled other women; or some shuch like
+[132] judgmente, as God had threatened David, 2. Sam. 12. 11. I will
+raise up evill against y^e, and will take thy wives & give them, &c. And
+upon it showed how he had wronged her, as first he had a bastard by
+another before they were maried, & she having some inkling of some ill
+cariage that way, when he was a suitor to her, she tould him what she
+heard, & deneyd him; but she not certainly knowing y^e thing, other wise
+then by some darke & secrete muterings, he not only stifly denied it,
+but to satisfie her tooke a solemne oath ther was no shuch matter. Upon
+which she gave consente, and maried with him; but afterwards it was
+found true, and y^e bastard brought home to them. She then charged him
+with his oath, but he prayed pardon, and said he should els not have had
+her. And yet afterwards she could keep no maids but he would be medling
+with them, and some time she hath taken him in y^e maner, as they lay at
+their beds feete, with shuch other circumstances as I am ashamed to
+relate. The woman being a grave matron, & of good cariage all y^e while
+she was hear, and spoake these things out of y^e sorrow of her harte,
+sparingly, and yet w^th some further intimations. And that which did
+most seeme to affecte her (as they conceived) was, to see his former
+cariage in his repentance, not only hear with y^e church, but formerly
+about these things; sheding tears, and using great & sade expressions,
+and yet eftsone fall into the like things.
+
+Another thing of y^e same nature did strangly concurr herewith. When
+M^r. Winslow & M^r. Peirce were come over, M^r. Winslow informed them
+that they had had y^e like bickering with Lyfords freinds in England, as
+they had with him selfe and his freinds hear, aboute his letters &
+accusations in them. And many meetings and much clamour was made by his
+freinds theraboute, crying out, a minister, a man so godly, to be so
+esteemed & taxed they held a great skandale, and threated to prosecute
+law against them for it. But things being referred to a further meeting
+of most of y^e adventurers, to heare y^e case and decide y^e matters,
+they agreed to chose 2. eminente men for moderators in the bussines.
+Lyfords faction chose M^r. White, a counselor at law, the other parte
+chose Re[~v]e^d. M^r. Hooker, the minister, and many freinds on both
+sids were brought in, so as ther was a great assemblie. In y^e mean
+time, God in his providence had detected Lyford's evill cariage in
+Ireland to some freinds amongst y^e company, who made it knowne to M^r.
+Winslow, and directed him to 2. godly and grave witnesses, who would
+testifie y^e same (if caled therunto) upon their oath. The thing was
+this; he being gott into Ireland, had wound him selfe into y^e esteeme
+of sundry godly & zelous professours in those parts, who, having been
+burthened with y^e ceremonies in England, found ther some more liberty
+to their consciences; amongst whom were these 2. men, which gave [133]
+this evidence. Amongst y^e rest of his hearers, ther was a godly yonge
+man that intended to marie, and cast his affection on a maide which
+lived their aboute; but desiring to chose in y^e Lord, and preferred y^e
+fear of God before all other things, before he suffered his affection to
+rune too farr, he resolved to take M^r. Lyfords advise and judgmente of
+this maide, (being y^e minister of y^e place,) and so broak y^e matter
+unto him; & he promised faithfully to informe him, but would first take
+better knowledg of her, and have private conferance with her; and so had
+sundry times; and in conclusion co[=m]ended her highly to y^e yong man
+as a very fitte wife for him. So they were maried togeather; but some
+time after mariage the woman was much troubled in mind, and afflicted in
+conscience, and did nothing but weepe and mourne, and long it was before
+her husband could get of her what was y^e cause. But at length she
+discovered y^e thing, and prayed him to forgive her, for Lyford had
+overcome her, and defiled her body before marriage, after he had
+comended him unto her for a husband, and she resolved to have him, when
+he came to her in that private way. The circumstances I forbear, for
+they would offend chast ears to hear them related, (for though he
+satisfied his lust on her, yet he indeaoured to hinder conception.)
+These things being thus discovered, y^e wom[=a]s husband tooke some
+godly freinds with him, to deale with Liford for this evill. At length
+he confest it, with a great deale of seeming sorrow & repentance, but
+was forct to leave Irland upon it, partly for shame, and partly for fear
+of further punishmente, for y^e godly withdrew them selves from him upon
+it; and so co[=m]ing into England unhapily he was light upon & sente
+hither.
+
+But in this great assembly, and before y^e moderators, in handling y^e
+former matters aboute y^e letters, upon provocation, in some heate of
+replie to some of Lyfords defenders, M^r. Winslow let fall these words,
+That he had delte knavishly; upon which on of his freinds tooke hold, &
+caled for witneses, that he cald a minister of y^e gospell knave, and
+would prosecute law upon it, which made a great tumulte, upon which (to
+be shorte) this matter broke out, and the witnes were prodused, whose
+persons were so grave, and evidence so plaine, and y^e facte so foule,
+yet delivered in such modest & chast terms, and with such circumstances,
+as strucke all his freinds mute, and made them all ashamed; insomuch as
+y^e moderators with great gravitie declared that y^e former matters gave
+them cause enough to refuse him & to deal with him as they had done, but
+these made him unmeete for ever to bear ministrie any more, what
+repentance soever he should pretend; with much more to like effecte, and
+so wisht his freinds to rest quiete. Thus was this matter ended.
+
+From hence Lyford wente to Natasco, in y^e Bay of y^e Massachusets,
+with some other of his freinds with him, wher Oldom allso lived. From
+thence he removed to Namkeke, since called Salem; but after ther came
+some people over, wheather for hope of greater profite, or what ends els
+I know not, he left his freinds that followed him, and went from thence
+to Virginia, wher he shortly after dyed, and so I leave him to y^e Lord.
+His wife afterwards returned againe to this cuntry, and thus much of
+this matter.
+
+[134] This storme being thus blowne over, yet sundrie sad effects
+followed y^e same; for the Company of Adventurers broake in peeces here
+upon, and y^e greatest parte wholy deserted y^e colony in regarde of any
+further supply, or care of their subsistance. And not only so, but some
+of Lyfords & Oldoms freinds, and their adherents, set out a shipe on
+fishing, on their owne accounte, and getting y^e starte of y^e ships
+that came to the plantation, they tooke away their stage, & other
+necessary provisions that they had made for fishing at Cap-Anne y^e year
+before, at their great charge, and would not restore y^e same, excepte
+they would fight for it. But y^e Gov^r sent some of y^e planters to help
+y^e fisher men to build a new one, and so let them keepe it. This shipe
+also brought them some small supply, of little value; but they made so
+pore a bussines of their fishing, (neither could these men make them any
+returne for y^e supply sente,) so as, after this year, they never looked
+more after them.
+
+Also by this ship, they, some of them, sent (in y^e name of y^e rest)
+certaine reasons of their breaking of from y^e plantation, and some
+tenders, upon certaine conditions, of reuniting againe. The which
+because they are longe & tedious, and most of them aboute the former
+things already touched, I shall omite them; only giveing an instance in
+one, or tow. 1. reason, they charged them for dissembling with his
+majestie in their petition, and with y^e adventurers about y^e French
+discipline, &c. 2^ly, for receiving[BV] a man[BW] into their church,
+that in his conffession renownced all, universall, nationall, and
+diocessan churches, &c., by which (say they) it appears, that though
+they deney the name of Bro[=w]ists, yet they practiss y^e same, &c. And
+therfore they should si[=n]e against God in building up such a people.
+
+Then they adde: Our dislikes thus laid downe, that we may goe on in
+trade w^th better contente & credite, our desires are as followeth.
+First, that as we are partners in trade, so we may be in Go[~v]^rt ther,
+as the patente doth give us power, &c.
+
+2. That the French discipline may be practised in the plantation, as
+well in the circumstances theirof, as in y^e substance; wherby y^e
+scandallous name of y^e Brownists, and other church differences, may be
+taken away.
+
+3. Lastly, that M^r. Robinson and his company may not goe over to our
+plantation, unless he and they will reconcile themselves to our church
+by a recantation under their hands, &c.
+
+Their answer in part to these things was then as foloweth.
+
+  Wheras you taxe us for dissembling with his majestie & y^e adventurers
+  aboute y^e French discipline, you doe us wrong, for we both hold &
+  practice y^e discipline of y^e French & other reformed churches, (as
+  they have published y^e same in y^e Harmony of Confessions,) according
+  to our means, in effecte & substance. But wheras you would tye us to
+  the French discipline in every circumstance, you derogate from y^e
+  libertie we have in Christ Jesus. The Apostle Paule would have none to
+  follow him in any thing but wherin he follows Christ, much less ought
+  any Christian or church in y^e world to doe it. The French may erre,
+  we may erre, and other churches may erre, and doubtless doe in many
+  circumstances. That honour therfore belongs only to y^e infallible
+  word of God, and pure Testamente of Christ, to be propounded and
+  followed as y^e only rule and pattern for direction herin to all
+  churches & Christians. And it is too great arrogancie for any man, or
+  church [135] to thinke y^t he or they have so sounded y^e word of God
+  to y^e bottome, as precislie to sett downe y^e churches discipline,
+  without error in substance or circumstance, as y^t no other without
+  blame may digress or differ in any thing from y^e same. And it is not
+  difficulte to shew, y^t the reformed churches differ in many
+  circumstances amongest them selves.
+
+The rest I omitte, for brevities sake, and so leave to prosecute these
+men or their doings any further, but shall returne to y^e rest of their
+freinds of y^e company, w^ch stuck to them. And I shall first inserte
+some part of their letters as followeth; for I thinke it best to render
+their minds in ther owne words.
+
+  To our loving freinds, &c.
+
+  Though the thing we feared be come upon us, and y^e evill we strove
+  against have overtaken us, yet we cannot forgett you, nor our
+  freindship and fellowship which togeather we have had some years;
+  wherin though our expressions have been small, yet our harty
+  affections towards you (unknown by face) have been no less then to our
+  nearest freinds, yea, to our owne selves. And though this your friend
+  M^r. Winslow can tell you y^e state of things hear, yet least we
+  should seeme to neglecte you, to whom, by a wonderfull providence of
+  God, we are so nearly united, we have thought good once more to write
+  unto you, to let you know what is here befallen, and y^e resons of it;
+  as also our purposes & desirs toward you for hereafter.
+
+  The former course for the generalitie here is wholy dissolved from
+  what it was; and wheras you & we were formerly sharers and partners,
+  in all viages & deallings, this way is now no more, but you and we are
+  left to bethinke our sellves what course to take in y^e future, that
+  your lives & our monies be not lost.
+
+  The reasons and causes of this allteration have been these. First and
+  mainly, y^e many losses and crosses at sea, and abuses of sea-men,
+  w^ch have caused us to rune into so much charge, debts, & ingagements,
+  as our estats & means were not able to goe on without impoverishing
+  our selves, except our estats had been greater, and our associats
+  cloven beter unto us. 2^ly, as here hath been a faction and siding
+  amongst us now more then 2. years, so now there is an uter breach and
+  sequestration amongst us, and in too parts of us a full dissertion and
+  forsaking of you, without any intente or purpose of medling more with
+  you. And though we are perswaded the maine cause of this their doing
+  is wante of money, (for neede wherof men use to make many excuses,)
+  yet other things are pretended, as that you are Brownists, &c. Now
+  what use you or we ought to make of these things, it remaineth to be
+  considered, for we know y^e hand of God to be in all these things, and
+  no doubt he would admonish some thing therby, and to looke what is
+  amise. And allthough it be now too late for us or you to prevent &
+  stay these things, yet it is[BX] not to late to exercise patience,
+  wisdom, and conscience in bearing them, and in caring our selves in &
+  under them for y^e time to come.
+
+  [136] And as we our selves stand ready to imbrace all occasions that
+  may tend to y^e furthrance of so hopefull a work, rather admiring of
+  what is, then grudging for what is not; so it must rest in you to make
+  all good againe. And if in nothing else you can be approved, yet let
+  your honestie & conscience be still approved, & lose not one jote of
+  you^r innocencie, amids your crosses & afflictions. And surly if you
+  upon this allteration behave your selves wisly, and goe on fairly, as
+  men whose hope is not in this life, you shall need no other weapon to
+  wound your adversaries; for when your righteousnes is revealled as y^e
+  light, they shall cover their faces with shame, that causlesly have
+  sought your overthrow.
+
+  Now we thinke it but reason, that all such things as ther apertaine to
+  the generall, be kept & preserved togeather, and rather increased
+  dayly, then any way be dispersed or imbeseled away for any private
+  ends or intents whatsoever. And after your necessities are served, you
+  gather togeather such co[=m]odities as y^e cuntrie yeelds, & send them
+  over to pay debts & clear ingagements hear, which are not less then
+  1400^li. And we hope you will doe your best to free our ingagements,
+  &c. Let us all indeavor to keep a faire & honest course, and see what
+  time will bring forth, and how God in his providence will worke for
+  us. We still are perswaded you are y^e people that must make a
+  plantation in those remoate places when all others faile and returne.
+  And your experience of Gods providence and preservation of you is such
+  as we hope your harts will not faile you, though your freinds should
+  forsake you (which we our selves shall not doe whilst we live, so long
+  as your honestie so well appereth). Yet surly help would arise from
+  some other place whilst you waite on God, with uprightnes, though we
+  should leave you allso.
+
+  And lastly be you all intreated to walke circumspectly, and carry your
+  selves so uprightly in all your ways, as y^t no man may make just
+  exceptions against you. And more espetially that y^e favour and
+  countenance of God may be so toward you, as y^t you may find abundante
+  joye & peace even amids tribulations, that you may say with David,
+  Though my father & mother should forsake me, yet y^e Lord would take
+  me up.
+
+  We have sent you hear some catle, cloath, hose, shoes, leather, &c.,
+  but in another nature then formerly, as it stood us in hand to doe; we
+  have co[=m]itted them to y^e charge & custody of M^r. Allerton and
+  M^r. Winslow, as our factours, at whose discretion they are to be
+  sould, and co[=m]odities to be taken for them, as is fitting. And by
+  how much y^e more they will be chargable unto you, the better[BY] they
+  had need to be husbanded, &c. Goe on, good freinds, comfortably, pluck
+  up your spirits, and quitte your selves like men in all your
+  difficulties, that notwithstanding all displeasure and threats of men,
+  yet y^e work may goe on you are aboute, and not be neglected. Which is
+  so much for y^e glorie of God, and the furthrance of our countrie-men,
+  as that a man may with more comforte [137] spend his life in it, then
+  live y^e life of Mathusala, in wasting y^e plentie of a tilled land,
+  or eating y^e fruite of a growne tree. Thus with harty salutations to
+  you all, and harty prayers for you all, we lovingly take our leaves,
+  this 18. of Des: 1624.
+
+  Your assured freinds to our powers,
+  J. S.
+  W. C.
+  T. F.
+  R. H. &c.
+
+By this leter it appears in what state y^e affairs of y^e plantation
+stood at this time. These goods they bought, but they were at deare
+rates, for they put 40. in y^e hundred upon them, for profite and
+adventure, outward bound; and because of y^e [=v]nture of y^e paiment
+homeward, they would have 30.[BZ] in y^e 100. more, which was in all 70.
+[p=]^r. cent; a thing thought unreasonable by some, and too great an
+oppression upon y^e poore people, as their case stood. The catle were
+y^e best goods, for y^e other being ventured ware, were neither at y^e
+best (some of them) nor at y^e best prises. Sundrie of their freinds
+disliked these high rates, but co[=m]ing from many hands, they could not
+help it.
+
+They sent over also 2. ships on fishing on their owne acounte; the one
+was y^e pinass that was cast away y^e last year hear in y^e cuntrie, and
+recovered by y^e planters, (as was before related,) who, after she came
+home, was attached by one of y^e company for his perticuler debte, and
+now sent againe on this accounte. The other was a great ship, who was
+well fitted with an experienced m^r. & company of fisher-men, to make a
+viage, & to goe to Bilbo or Sabastians with her fish; the lesser, her
+order was to load with cor-fish, and to bring the beaver home for
+England, y^t should be received for y^e goods sould to y^e plantation.
+This bigger ship made a great viage of good drie fish, the which, if
+they had gone to a market w^th, would have yeelded them (as such fish
+was sould y^t season) 1800^li. which would have enriched them. But
+because ther was a bruite of warr with France, y^e m^r. neglected
+(through timerousnes) his order, and put first into Plimoth, & after
+into Portsmouth, and so lost their opportunitie, and came by the loss.
+The lesser ship had as ill success, though she was as hopfull as y^e
+other for y^e marchants profite; for they had fild her with goodly
+cor-fish taken upon y^e banke, as full as she could swime; and besids
+she had some 800^li. weaight of beaver, besids other furrs to a good
+value from y^e plantation. The m^r. seeing so much goods come, put it
+abord y^e biger ship, for more saftie; but M^r. Winslow (their factor in
+this busines) was bound in a bond of 500^li. to send it to London in y^e
+smale ship; ther was some contending between y^e m^r, & him aboute it.
+But he tould y^e m^r. he would follow his order aboute it; if he would
+take it out afterward, it should be at his perill. So it went in y^e
+smale ship, and he sent bills of lading in both. The m^r. was so carfull
+being both so well laden, as they went joyfully home togeather, for he
+towed y^e leser ship at his sterne all y^e way over bound, and they had
+such fayr weather as he never cast her of till they were shott deep in
+to y^e English Chanell, almost within y^e sight of Plimoth; and yet
+ther she was unhaply taken by a Turks man of warr, and carried into
+Saly, wher y^e m^r. and men were made slaves, and many of y^e beaver
+skins were sould for 4^d. a peece. [138] Thus was all their hops dasht,
+and the joyfull news they ment to cary home turned to heavie tidings.
+Some thought this a hand of God for their too great exaction of y^e
+poore plantation, but Gods judgments are unseerchable, neither dare I be
+bould therwith: but however it shows us y^e uncertainty of all humane
+things, and what litle cause ther is of joying in them or trusting to
+them.
+
+In y^e bigger of these ships was sent over Captine Standish from y^e
+plantation, w^th leters & instructions, both to their freinds of y^e
+company which still clave to them, and also to y^e Honourable Counsell
+of New-England. To y^e company to desire y^t seeing that they ment only
+to let them have goods upon sale, that they might have them upon easier
+termes, for they should never be able to bear such high intrest, or to
+allow so much per cent; also that what they would doe in y^t way that it
+might be disburst in money, or such goods as were fitte and needfull for
+them, & bought at best hand; and to aquainte them with y^e contents of
+his leters to y^e Counsell above said, which was to this purpose, to
+desire their favour & help; that such of y^e adventurers as had thus
+forsaken & deserted them, might be brought to some order, and not to
+keepe them bound, and them selves be free. But that they might either
+stand to ther former covenants, or ells come to some faire end, by
+dividente, or composition. But he came in a very bad time, for y^e Stat
+was full of trouble, and y^e plague very hote in London, so as no
+bussines could be done; yet he spake with some of y^e Honourd Counsell,
+who promised all helpfullnes to y^e plantation which lay in them. And
+sundrie of their freinds y^e adventurers were so weakened with their
+losses y^e last year, by y^e losse of y^e ship taken by the Turks, and
+y^e loss of their fish, w^ch by reason of y^e warrs they were forcte to
+land at Portsmouth, and so came to litle; so as, though their wills were
+good, yet they^r power was litle. And ther dyed such multituds weekly of
+y^e plague, as all trade was dead, and litle money stirring. Yet with
+much adooe he tooke up 150^li. (& spent a good deal of it in expences)
+at 50. per cent, which he bestowed in trading goods & such other most
+needfull comodities as he knew requiset for their use; and so returned
+passenger in a fhishing ship, haveing prepared a good way for y^e
+compossition that was afterward made.
+
+In y^e mean time it pleased y^e Lord to give y^e plantation peace and
+health and contented minds, and so to blese ther labours, as they had
+corne sufficient, (and some to spare to others,) with other foode;
+neither ever had they any supply of foode but what they first brought
+with them. After harvest this year, they sende out a boats load of corne
+40. or 50. leagues to y^e eastward, up a river called Kenibeck; it being
+one of those 2. shalops which their carpenter had built them y^e year
+before; for bigger vessell had they none. They had laid a litle deck
+over her midships to keepe y^e corne drie, but y^e men were faine to
+stand it out all weathers without shelter; and y^t time [139] of y^e
+year begins to growe tempestious. But God preserved them, and gave them
+good success, for they brought home 700^li. of beaver, besids some other
+furrs, having litle or nothing els but this corne, which them selves had
+raised out of y^e earth. This viage was made by M^r. Winslow & some of
+y^e old standards,[CA] for seamen they had none.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1626._
+
+About y^e begining of Aprill they heard of Captain Standish his
+arrivall, and sent a boat to fetch him home, and y^e things he had
+brought. Welcome he was, but y^e news he broughte was sadd in many
+regards; not only in regarde of the former losses, before related, which
+their freinds had suffered, by which some in a maner were undon, others
+much disabled from doing any further help, and some dead of y^e plague,
+but also y^t M^r. Robinson, their pastor, was dead, which struck them
+with much sorrow & sadnes, as they had cause. His and their adversaries
+had been long & continually plotting how they might hinder his coming
+hither, but y^e Lord had appointed him a better place; concerning whose
+death & the maner therof, it will appere by these few lines write to
+Gov^r & M^r. Brewster.
+
+  Loving & kind frinds, &c. I know not whether this will ever come to
+  your hands, or miscarie, as other my letters have done; yet in regard
+  of y^e Lords dealing with us hear, I have had a great desire to write
+  unto you, knowing your desire to bear a parte with us, both in our
+  joyes, & sorrows, as we doe w^th you. These are therfore to give you
+  to understand, that it hath pleased the Lord to take out of this vaell
+  of tears, your and our loving & faithfull pastor, and my dear & Reve^d
+  brother, M^r. John Robinson, who was sick some 8. days. He begane to
+  be sick on Saturday in y^e morning, yet y^e next day (being the Lords
+  day) he taught us twise. And so y^e weeke after grew weaker, every day
+  more then other; yet he felt no paine but weaknes all y^e time of his
+  sicknes. The phisick he tooke wrought kindly in mans judgmente, but he
+  grew weaker every day, feeling litle or no paine, and sensible to y^e
+  very last. He fell sicke y^e 22. of Feb: and departed this life y^e 1.
+  of March. He had a continuall inwarde ague, but free from infection,
+  so y^t all his freinds came freely to him. And if either prayers,
+  tears, or means, would have saved his life, he had not gone hence. But
+  he having faithfully finished his course, and performed his worke
+  which y^e Lord had appointed him here to doe, he now resteth with y^e
+  Lord in eternall hapines. We wanting him & all Church Gov^rs, yet we
+  still (by y^e mercie of God) continue & hould close togeather, in
+  peace and quietnes; and so hope we shall doe, though we be very weake.
+  Wishing (if such were y^e will of God) that you & we were againe
+  united togeather in one, either ther or here; but seeing it is y^e
+  will of y^e Lord thus to dispose of things, we must labour w^th
+  patience to rest contented, till it please y^e Lord otherwise to
+  dispose. For [140] news, is here not much; only as in England we have
+  lost our old king James, who departed this life aboute a month agoe,
+  so here they have lost y^e old prince, Grave Mourise; who both
+  departed this life since my brother Robinson. And as in England we
+  have a new-king Charls, of whom ther is great hope, so hear they have
+  made prince Hendrick Generall in his brothers place, &c. Thus with my
+  love remembred, I take leave & rest,
+
+  Your assured loving friend,
+  ROGER WHITE.
+
+  Leyden, Aprill 28.
+  An^o: 1625.
+
+
+Thus these too great princes, and their pastor, left this world near
+aboute one time. Death maks no difference.
+
+He further brought them notice of y^e death of their anciente friend,
+Mr. Cush-man, whom y^e Lord tooke away allso this year, & aboute this
+time, who was as their right hand with their freinds y^e adventurers,
+and for diverce years had done & agitated all their bussines with them
+to ther great advantage. He had write to y^e Gove^r but some few months
+before, of y^e sore sicknes of M^r. James Sherley, who was a cheefe
+friend to y^e plantation, and lay at y^e pointe of death, declaring his
+love & helpfullnes, in all things; and much bemoned the loss they should
+have of him, if God should now take him away, as being y^e stay & life
+of y^e whole bussines. As allso his owne purposs this year to come over,
+and spend his days with them. But he that thus write of anothers
+sicknes, knew not y^t his owne death was so near. It shows allso that a
+m[=a]s ways are not in his owne power, but in his hands who hath y^e
+issues of life and death. Man may purpose, but God doth dispose.
+
+Their other freinds from Leyden writ many leters to them full of sad
+laments for ther heavie loss; and though their wills were good to come
+to them, yet they saw no probabilitie of means, how it might be
+effected, but concluded (as it were) that all their hopes were cutt of;
+and many, being aged, begane to drop away by death.
+
+All which things (before related) being well weighed and laied togither,
+it could not but strick them with great perplexitie; and to looke
+humanly on y^e state of things as they presented them selves at this
+time, it is a marvell it did not wholy discourage them, and sinck them.
+But they gathered up their spirits, and y^e Lord so helped them, whose
+worke they had in hand, as now when they were at lowest[CB] they begane
+to rise againe, and being striped (in a maner) of all humane helps and
+hops, he brought things aboute other wise, in his devine providence, as
+they were not only upheld & sustained, but their proceedings both
+honoured and imitated by others; as by y^e sequell will more appeare, if
+y^e Lord spare me life & time to declare y^e same.
+
+Haveing now no fishing busines, or other things to intend, but only
+their trading & planting, they sett them selves to follow the same with
+y^e best industrie they could. The planters finding their corne, what
+they could spare from ther necessities, to be a co[=m]oditie, (for they
+sould it at 6^s. a bushell,) used great dilligence in planting y^e
+same. And y^e Gove^r and such as were designed to manage the trade, (for
+it was retained for y^e generall good, [141] and none were to trade in
+perticuler,) they followed it to the best advantage they could; and
+wanting trading goods, they understoode that a plantation which was at
+Monhigen, & belonged to some marchants of Plimoth was to breake up, and
+diverse usefull goods was ther to be sould; the Gove^r and M^r. Winslow
+tooke a boat and some hands and went thither. But M^r. David Thomson,
+who lived at Pascataway, understanding their purpose, tooke oppertunitie
+to goe with them, which was some hinderance to them both; for they,
+perceiveing their joynte desires to buy, held their goods at higher
+rates; and not only so, but would not sell a parcell of their trading
+goods, excepte they sould all. So, lest they should further prejudice
+one an other, they agreed to buy all, & devid them equally between them.
+They bought allso a parcell of goats, which they distributed at home as
+they saw neede & occasion, and tooke corne for them of y^e people, which
+gave them good content. Their moyety of y^e goods came to above 400^li.
+starling. Ther was allso that spring a French ship cast away at
+Sacadahock, in w^ch were many Biscaie ruggs & other co[=m]odities, which
+were falen into these mens hands, & some other fisher men at
+Damerins-cove, which were allso bought in partnership, and made their
+parte arise to above 500^li. This they made shift to pay for, for y^e
+most part, with y^e beaver & comodities they had gott y^e winter
+before, & what they had gathered up y^t somer. M^r. Thomson having some
+thing overcharged him selfe, desired they would take some of his, but
+they refused except he would let them have his French goods only; and
+y^e marchant (who was one of Bristol) would take their bill for to be
+paid y^e next year. They were both willing, so they became ingaged for
+them & tooke them. By which means they became very well furnished for
+trade; and tooke of therby some other ingagments w^ch lay upon them, as
+the money taken up by Captaine Standish, and y^e remains of former
+debts. With these goods, and their corne after harvest, they gott good
+store of trade, so as they were enabled to pay their ingagements against
+y^e time, & to get some cloathing for y^e people, and had some
+comodities before hand. But now they begane to be envied, and others
+wente and fild y^e Indeans with corne, and beat downe y^e prise, giveing
+them twise as much as they had done, and under traded them in other
+comodities allso.
+
+This year they sent M^r. Allerton into England, and gave him order to
+make a composition with y^e adventurers, upon as good termes as he could
+(unto which some way had ben made y^e year before by Captaine Standish);
+but yet injoyned him not to conclud absolutly till they knew y^e termes,
+and had well considered of them; but to drive it to as good an issew as
+he could, and referr y^e conclusion to them. Also they gave him a
+co[=m]ission under their hands & seals to take up some money, provided
+it exeeded not such a su[=m]e specified, for which they engaged them
+selves, and gave him order how to lay out y^e same for y^e use of y^e
+plantation.
+
+And finding they ra[=n]e a great hazard to goe so long viages in a smale
+open boat, espetialy y^e winter season, they begane to thinke how they
+might gett a small pinass; as for y^e reason afforesaid, so also because
+others had raised y^e prise with y^e Indeans above y^e halfe of what
+they had formerly given, so as in such a boat they could not [143[CC]]
+carry a quantity sufficient to answer their ends. They had no
+ship-carpenter amongst them, neither knew how to get one at presente;
+but they having an ingenious man that was a house carpenter, who also
+had wrought with y^e ship carpenter (that was dead) when he built their
+boats, at their request he put forth him selfe to make a triall that way
+of his skill; and tooke one of y^e bigest of ther shalops and sawed her
+in y^e midle, and so lenthened her some 5. or 6. foote, and strengthened
+her with timbers, and so builte her up, and laid a deck on her; and so
+made her a conveniente and wholsome vessell, very fitt & comfortable for
+their use, which did them servise 7. years after; and they gott her
+finished, and fitted with sayles & anchors, y^e insuing year. And thus
+passed y^e affairs of this year.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1627._
+
+At y^e usuall season of y^e coming of ships M^r. Allerton returned, and
+brought some usfull goods with him, according to y^e order given him.
+For upon his commission he tooke up 200^li. which he now gott at 30. per
+cent. The which goods they gott safly home, and well conditioned, which
+was much to the comfort & contente of y^e plantation. He declared unto
+them, allso, how, with much adoe and no small trouble, he had made a
+composition with y^e adventurers, by the help of sundrie of their
+faithfull freinds ther, who had allso tooke much pains ther about. The
+agreement or bargen he had brought a draught of, with a list of ther
+names ther too annexed, drawne by the best counsell of law they could
+get, to make it firme. The heads wherof I shall here inserte.
+
+  To all Christian people, greeting, &c. Wheras at a meeting y^e 26. of
+  October last past, diverse & sundrie persons, whose names to y^e one
+  part of these presents are subscribed in a schedule hereunto annexed,
+  Adventurers to New-Plimoth in New-England in America, were contented
+  and agreed, in consideration of the sume of one thousand and eight
+  hundred pounds sterling to be paid, (in maner and forme folling,) to
+  sell, and make sale of all & every y^e stocks, shares, lands,
+  marchandise, and chatles, what soever, to y^e said adventurers, and
+  other ther fellow adventurers to New Plimoth aforesaid, any way
+  accruing, or belonging to y^e generalitie of y^e said adventurers
+  aforesaid; as well by reason of any sume or sumes of money, or
+  marchandise, at any time heretofore adventured or disbursed by them,
+  or other wise howsoever; for y^e better expression and setting forth
+  of which said agreemente, the parties to these presents subscribing,
+  doe for [144] them selves severally, and as much as in them is, grant,
+  bargan, alien, sell, and transfere all & every y^e said shares, goods,
+  lands, marchandice, and chatles to them belonging as aforesaid, unto
+  Isaack Alerton, one of y^e planters resident at Plimoth afforesaid,
+  assigned, and sent over as agente for y^e rest of y^e planters ther,
+  and to such other planters at Plimoth afforesaid as y^e said Isack,
+  his heirs, or assignes, at his or ther arrivall, shall by writing or
+  otherwise thinke fitte to joyne or partake in y^e premisses, their
+  heirs, & assignes, in as large, ample, and beneficiall maner and
+  forme, to all intents and purposes, as y^e said subscribing
+  adventurers here could or may doe, or performe. All which stocks,
+  shares, lands, &c. to the said adven: in severallitie alloted,
+  apportioned, or any way belonging, the said adven: doe warrant &
+  defend unto the said Isaack Allerton, his heirs and assignes, against
+  them, their heirs and assignes, by these presents. And therfore y^e
+  said Isaack Allerton doth, for him, his heirs & assigns, covenant,
+  promise, & grant too & with y^e adven: whose names are here unto
+  subscribed, ther heirs, &c. well & truly to pay, or cause to be payed,
+  unto y^e said adven: or 5. of them which were, at y^t meeting
+  afforsaid, nominated & deputed, viz. _John Pocock_, _John Beachamp_,
+  _Robart Keane_, _Edward Base_, and _James Sherley_, marchants, their
+  heirs, &c. too and for y^e use of y^e generallitie of them, the sume
+  of 1800^li. of lawfull money of England, at y^e place appoynted for
+  y^e receipts of money, on the west side of y^e Royall Exchaing in
+  London, by 200^li. yearly, and every year, on y^e feast of St.
+  Migchell, the first paiment to be made An^o: 1628. &c. Allso y^e said
+  Isaack is to indeavor to procure & obtaine from the planters of N. P.
+  aforesaid, securitie, by severall obligations, or writings obligatory,
+  to make paiment of y^e said sume of 1800^li. in forme afforsaid,
+  according to y^e true meaning of these presents. In testimonie wherof
+  to this part of these presents remaining with y^e said Isaack
+  Allerton, y^e said subscribing adven: have sett to their names,[CD]
+  &c. And to y^e other part remaining with y^e said adven: the said
+  Isaack Allerton hath subscribed his name, y^e _15. Nov^br An^o: 1626.
+  in y^e 2. year of his Majesties raigne_.
+
+This agreemente was very well liked of, & approved by all y^e
+plantation, and consented unto; though they knew not well how to raise
+y^e payment, and discharge their other ingagements, and supply the
+yearly wants of y^e plantation, seeing they were forced for their
+necessities to take up money or goods at so high intrests. Yet they
+undertooke it, and 7. or 8. of y^e cheefe of y^e place became joyntly
+bound for y^e paimente of this 1800^li. (in y^e behalfe of y^e rest) at
+y^e severall days. In which they rane a great adventure, as their
+present state stood, having many other heavie burthens allready upon
+them, and all things in an uncertaine condition amongst them. So y^e
+next returne it was absolutly confirmed on both sids, and y^e bargen
+fairly ingrossed in partchmente and in many things put into better
+forme, by y^e advice of y^e learnedest counsell they could gett; and
+least any forfeiture should fall on y^e whole for none paimente at any
+of y^e days, it rane thus: to forfite 30^s. a weeke if they missed y^e
+time; and was concluded under their hands & seals, as may be seen at
+large by y^e deed it selfe.
+
+[145] Now though they had some untowarde persons mixed amongst them from
+the first, which came out of England, and more afterwards by some of y^e
+adventurers, as freindship or other affections led them,--though sundrie
+were gone, some for Virginia, and some to other places,--yet diverse
+were still mingled amongst them, about whom y^e Gove^r & counsell with
+other of their cheefe freinds had serious consideration, how to setle
+things in regard of this new bargen or purchas made, in respecte of y^e
+distribution of things both for y^e presente and future. For y^e
+present, excepte peace and union were preserved, they should be able to
+doe nothing, but indanger to over throw all, now that other tyes & bonds
+were taken away. Therfore they resolved, for sundrie reasons, to take in
+all amongst them, that were either heads of families, or single yonge
+men, that were of abillity, and free, (and able to governe them selvs
+with meete descretion, and their affairs, so as to be helpfull in y^e
+comone-welth,) into this partnership or purchass. First, y^ey considered
+that they had need of men & strength both for defence and carrying on of
+bussinesses. 2^ly, most of them had borne ther parts in former miseries
+& wants with them, and therfore (in some sort) but equall to partake in
+a better condition, if y^e Lord be pleased to give it. But cheefly they
+saw not how peace would be preserved without so doing, but danger &
+great disturbance might grow to their great hurte & prejudice other
+wise. Yet they resolved to keep such a mean in distribution of lands,
+and other courses, as should not hinder their growth in others coming to
+them.
+
+So they caled y^e company togeather, and conferred with them, and came
+to this conclusion, that y^e trade should be managed as before, to help
+to pay the debts; and all such persons as were above named should be
+reputed and inrouled for purchasers; single free men to have a single
+share, and every father of a familie to be alowed to purchass so many
+shares as he had persons in his family; that is to say, one for him
+selfe, and one for his wife, and for every child that he had living with
+him, one. As for servants, they had none, but what either their maisters
+should give them out of theirs, or their deservings should obtaine from
+y^e company afterwards. Thus all were to be cast into single shares
+according to the order abovesaid; and so every one was to pay his part
+according to his proportion towards y^e purchass, & all other debts,
+what y^e profite of y^e trade would not reach too; viz. a single man for
+a single share, a maister of a famalie for so many as he had. This gave
+all good contente. And first accordingly the few catle which they had
+were devided, which arose to this proportion; a cowe to 6. persons or
+shars, & 2. goats to y^e same, which were first equalised for age &
+goodnes, and then lotted for; single persons consorting with others, as
+they thought good, & smaler familys likwise; and swine though more [146]
+in number, yet by y^e same rule. Then they agreed that every person or
+share should have 20. acres of land devided unto them, besids y^e single
+acres they had allready; and they appoynted were to begin first on y^e
+one side of y^e towne, & how farr to goe; and then on y^e other side in
+like maner; and so to devid it by lotte; and appointed sundrie by name
+to doe it, and tyed them to certaine ruls to proceed by; as that they
+should only lay out settable or tillable land, at least such of it as
+should butt on y^e water side, (as y^e most they were to lay out did,)
+and pass by y^e rest as refuse and co[=m]une; and what they judged fitte
+should be so taken. And they were first to agree of y^e goodnes & fitnes
+of it before the lott was drawne, and so it might as well prove some of
+ther owne, as an other mans; and this course they were to hould
+throwout. But yet seekeing to keepe y^e people togither, as much as
+might be, they allso agreed upon this order, by mutuall consente, before
+any lots were cast: that whose lotts soever should fall next y^e towne,
+or most conveninte for nearnes, they should take to them a neigboure or
+tow, whom they best liked; and should suffer them to plant corne with
+them for 4. years; and afterwards they might use as much of theirs for
+as long time, if they would. Allso every share or 20. acers was to be
+laid out 5. acres in breadth by y^e water side, and 4. acres in lenght,
+excepting nooks & corners, which were to be measured as y^ey would bear
+to best advantage. But no meadows were to be laid out at all, nor were
+not of many years after, because they were but streight of meadow
+grounds; and if they had bene now given out, it would have hindred all
+addition to them afterwards; but every season all were appoynted wher
+they should mowe, according to y^e proportion of catle they had. This
+distribution gave generally good contente, and setled mens minds. Also
+they gave y^e Gove^r & 4. or 5. of y^e spetiall men amongst them, y^e
+houses they lived in; y^e rest were valued & equalised at an indiferent
+rate, and so every man kept his owne, and he that had a better alowed
+some thing to him that had a worse, as y^e valuation wente.
+
+Ther is one thing that fell out in y^e begining of y^e winter before,
+which I have refferred to this place, that I may handle y^e whole matter
+togeither. Ther was a ship, with many passengers in her and sundrie
+goods, bound for Virginia. They had lost them selves at sea, either by
+y^e insufficiencie of y^e maister, or his ilnes; for he was sick & lame
+of y^e scurvie, so that he could but lye in y^e cabin dore, & give
+direction; and it should seeme was badly assisted either w^th mate or
+mariners; or else y^e fear and unrulines of y^e passengers were such, as
+they made them stear a course betweene y^e southwest & y^e norwest, that
+they might fall with some land, what soever it was they cared not. For
+they had been 6. weeks at sea, and had no water, nor beere, nor any
+woode left, but had burnt up all their emptie caske; only one of y^e
+company had a hogshead of wine or 2. which was allso allmost spente, so
+as they feared they should be starved at sea, or consumed with diseases,
+which made them rune this desperate course. But it plased God that
+though they came so neare y^e shoulds of Cap-Codd [147] or else ran
+stumbling over them in y^e night, they knew not how, they came right
+before a small blind harbore, that lyes about y^e midle of Manamoyake
+Bay, to y^e southward of Cap-Codd, with a small gale of wind; and about
+highwater toucht upon a barr of sand that lyes before it, but had no
+hurte, y^e sea being smoth; so they laid out an anchore. But towards the
+evening the wind sprunge up at sea, and was so rough, as broake their
+cable, & beat them over the barr into y^e harbor, wher they saved their
+lives & goods, though much were hurte with salt water; for w^th beating
+they had sprung y^e but end of a planke or too, & beat out ther occome;
+but they were soone over, and ran on a drie flate within the harbor,
+close by a beach; so at low water they gatt out their goods on drie
+shore, and dried those that were wette, and saved most of their things
+without any great loss; neither was y^e ship much hurt, but shee might
+be mended, and made servisable againe. But though they were not a litle
+glad that they had thus saved their lives, yet when they had a litle
+refreshed them selves, and begane to thinke on their condition, not
+knowing wher they were, nor what they should doe, they begane to be
+strucken with sadnes. But shortly after they saw some Indians come to
+them in canows, which made them stand upon their gard. But when they
+heard some of y^e Indeans speake English unto them, they were not a
+litle revived, especially when they heard them demand if they were the
+Gove^r of Plimoths men, or freinds; and y^t they would bring them to
+y^e English houses, or carry their letters.
+
+They feasted these Indeans, and gave them many giftes; and sente 2. men
+and a letter with them to y^e Gove^r, and did intreat him to send a boat
+unto them, with some pitch, and occume, and spiks, w^th divers other
+necessaries for y^e mending of ther ship (which was recoverable). Allso
+they besought him to help them with some corne and sundrie other things
+they wanted, to enable them to make their viage to Virginia; and they
+should be much bound to him, and would make satisfaction for any thing
+they had, in any comodities they had abord. After y^e Gove^r was well
+informed by y^e messengers of their condition, he caused a boate to be
+made ready, and such things to be provided as they write for; and
+because others were abroad upon trading, and such other affairs, as had
+been fitte to send unto them, he went him selfe, and allso carried some
+trading comodities, to buy them corne of y^e Indeans. It was no season
+of y^e year to goe withoute y^e Cape, but understanding wher y^e ship
+lay, he went into y^e bottom of y^e bay, on y^e inside, and put into a
+crick called Naumskachett, wher it is not much above 2. mile over [148]
+land to y^e bay wher they were, wher he had y^e Indeans ready to cary
+over any thing to them. Of his arrivall they were very glad, and
+received the things to mend ther ship, and other necessaries. Allso he
+bought them as much corne as they would have; and wheras some of their
+sea-men were rune away amonge the Indeans, he procured their returne to
+y^e ship, and so left them well furnished and contented, being very
+thankfull for y^e curtesies they receaved. But after the Governor thus
+left them, he went into some other harbors ther aboute and loaded his
+boat with corne, which he traded, and so went home. But he had not been
+at home many days, but he had notice from them, that by the violence of
+a great storme, and y^e bad morring of their ship (after she was mended)
+she was put a shore, and so beatten and shaken as she was now wholy
+unfitte to goe to sea. And so their request was that they might have
+leave to repaire to them, and soujourne with them, till they could have
+means to convey them selves to Virginia; and that they might have means
+to tr[=a]sport their goods, and they would pay for y^e same, or any
+thing els wher with y^e plantation should releeve them. Considering
+their distres, their requests were granted, and all helpfullnes done
+unto them; their goods transported, and them selves & goods sheltered in
+their houses as well as they could.
+
+The cheefe amongst these people was one M^r. Fells and M^r. Sibsie,
+which had many servants belonging unto them, many of them being Irish.
+Some others ther were y^t had a servante or 2. a peece; but y^e most
+were servants, and such as were ingaged to the former persons, who allso
+had y^e most goods. Affter they were hither come, and some thing setled,
+the maisters desired some ground to imploye ther servants upon; seing
+it was like to be y^e latter end of y^e year before they could have
+passage for Virginia, and they had now y^e winter before them; they
+might clear some ground, and plant a crope (seeing they had tools, &
+necessaries for y^e same) to help to bear their charge, and keep their
+servants in imployment; and if they had opportunitie to departe before
+the same was ripe, they would sell it on y^e ground. So they had ground
+appointed them in convenient places, and Fells & some other of them
+raised a great deall of corne, which they sould at their departure. This
+Fells, amongst his other servants, had a maid servante which kept his
+house & did his household affairs, and by the intimation of some that
+belonged unto him, he was suspected to keep her, as his concubine; and
+both of them were examined ther upon, but nothing could be proved, and
+they stood upon their justification; so with admonition they were
+dismiste. But afterward it appeard she was with child, so he gott a
+small boat, & ran away with her, for fear of punishmente. First he went
+to Cap-Anne, and after into y^e bay of y^e Massachussets, but could get
+no passage, and had like to have been cast away; and was forst to come
+againe and submite him selfe; but they pact him away & those that
+belonged unto him by the first oppertunitie, and dismiste all the rest
+as soone as could, being many untoward people amongst them; though ther
+were allso some that caried them selves very orderly all y^e time they
+stayed. And the [149] plantation had some benefite by them, in selling
+them corne & other provisions of food for cloathing; for they had of
+diverse kinds, as cloath, perpetuanes, & other stuffs, besids hose, &
+shoes, and such like co[=m]odities as y^e planters stood in need of. So
+they both did good, and received good one from another; and a cuple of
+barks caried them away at y^e later end of so[=m]er. And sundrie of them
+have acknowledged their thankfullnes since from Virginia.
+
+That they might y^e better take all convenient opportunitie to follow
+their trade, both to maintaine them selves, and to disingage them of
+those great sumes which they stood charged with, and bound for, they
+resoloved to build a smale pinass at Manamet, a place 20. mile from y^e
+plantation, standing on y^e sea to y^e southward of them, unto which, by
+an other creeke on this side, they could cary their goods, within 4. or
+5. miles, and then tr[=a]sport them over land to their vessell; and so
+avoyd the compasing of Cap-Codd, and those deangerous shoulds, and so
+make any vioage to y^e southward in much shorter time, and with farr
+less danger. Also for y^e saftie of their vessell & goods, they builte a
+house their, and kept some servants, who also planted corne, and reared
+some swine, and were allwayes ready to goe out with y^e barke when ther
+was occasion. All which tooke good effecte, and turned to their profite.
+
+They now sent (with y^e returne of y^e ships) M^r. Allerton againe into
+England, giveing him full power, under their hands & seals, to conclude
+the former bargaine with y^e adventurers; and sent ther bonds for y^e
+paimente of the money. Allso they sent what beaver they could spare to
+pay some of their ingagementes, & to defray his chargs; for those deepe
+interests still kepte them low. Also he had order to procure a patente
+for a fitt trading place in y^e river of Kenebec; for being emulated
+both by the planters at Pascataway &, other places to y^e eastward of
+them, and allso by y^e fishing ships, which used to draw much profite
+from y^e Indeans of those parts, they threatened to procure a grante, &
+shutte them out from thence; espetially after they saw them so well
+furnished with co[=m]odities, as to carie the trade from them. They
+thought it but needfull to prevente such a thing, at least that they
+might not be excluded from free trade ther, wher them selves had first
+begune and discovered the same, [=a]d brought it to so good effecte.
+This year allso they had letters, and messengers from y^e
+Dutch-plantation, sent unto them from y^e Gov^r ther, writen both in
+Dutch & French. The Dutch had traded in these southerne parts, diverse
+years before they came; but they begane no plantation hear till 4. or 5.
+years after their coming, and here begining. Ther letters were as
+followeth. It being their maner to be full of complementall titles.
+
+  Eedele, Eerenfeste Wyse Voorsinnige Heeren, den G[)o]veerne[)u]r, ende
+  Raeden in Nieu-Pliem[)u]en residerende; onse seer Goede vrinden den
+  directe[)u]r ende Raed van Nieu-Nederlande, wensen v[)w]e Edn:
+  eerenfesten, ende wijse voorsinnige gel[)u]ck salichitt
+  [gelukzaligheid?], In Christi Jesu onsen Heere; met goede voorspoet,
+  ende gesonthijt, naer siele, ende lichaem. Amen.[CE]
+
+The rest I shall render in English, leaving out the repetition of
+superfluous titles.
+
+  [150] We have often before this wished for an opportunitie or an
+  occasion to congratulate you, and your prosperous and praise-worthy
+  undertakeings, and Government of your colony ther. And the more, in
+  that we also have made a good begining to pitch y^e foundation of a
+  collonie hear; and seeing our native countrie lyes not farr from
+  yours, and our forefathers (diverse hundred years agoe) have made and
+  held frendship and alliance with your ancestours, as sufficently
+  appears by y^e old contractes, and entrecourses, confirmed under y^e
+  hands of kings & princes, in y^e pointe of warr & trafick; as may be
+  seene and read by all y^e world in y^e old chronakles. The which are
+  not only by the king now reigning confirmed, but it hath pleased his
+  majesty, upon mature deliberation, to make a new covenante, (and to
+  take up armes,) with y^e States Generall of our dear native country,
+  against our commone enemie the Spaniards, who seeke nothing else but
+  to usurpe and overcome other Christian kings and princes lands, that
+  so he might obtaine and possess his pretended monarchic over all
+  Christendom; and so to rule and co[=m]and, after his owne pleasure,
+  over y^e consciences of so many hundred thousand sowles, which God
+  forbid.
+
+  And also seeing it hath some time since been reported unto us, by some
+  of our people, that by occasion came so farr northward with their
+  shalop, and met with sundry of y^e Indeans, who tould them that they
+  were within halfe a days journey of your plantation, and offered ther
+  service to cary letters unto you; therfore we could not forbear to
+  salute you with these few lines, with presentation of our good will
+  and servise unto you, in all frendly-kindnes & neighbourhood. And if
+  it so fall out that any goods that comes to our hands from our native
+  countrie, may be serviceable unto you, we shall take our selves bound
+  to help and acco[=m]adate you ther with; either for beaver or any
+  other wares or marchandise that you should be pleased to deale for.
+  And if in case we have no co[=m]odity at present that may give you
+  contente, if you please to sell us any beaver, or otter, or such like
+  comodities as may be usefull for us, for ready money, and let us
+  understand therof by this bearer in writing, (whom we have apoynted to
+  stay 3. or 4. days for your answer,) when we understand your minds
+  therin, we shall depute one to deale with you, at such place as you
+  shall appointe. In y^e mean time we pray the Lord to take you, our
+  honoured good freinds and neighbours, into his holy protection.
+
+  By the appointment of y^e Gov^r and Counsell, &c.
+
+  ISAAK DE RASIER, Secrectaris.
+
+  From y^e Manhatas, in y^e fort Amsterdam,
+  March 9. An^o: 1627.
+
+
+To this they returned answer as followeth, on y^e other side.
+
+  [151] To the Honoured, &c.
+
+  The Gove^r & Counsell of New-Plim: wisheth, &c. We have received your
+  leters, &c. wherin appeareth your good wills & frendship towards us;
+  but is expresed w^th over high titls, more then belongs to us, or is
+  meete for us to receive. But for your good will, and congratulations
+  of our prosperitie in these smale beginings of our poore colonie, we
+  are much bound unto you, and with many thanks doe acknowledg y^e same;
+  taking it both for a great honour done unto us, and for a certaine
+  testimoney of your love and good neighbourhood.
+
+  Now these are further to give your Wor^pps to understand, that it is
+  to us no smale joye to hear, that his majestie hath not only bene
+  pleased to confirme y^t ancient amitie, aliance, and frendship, and
+  other contracts, formerly made & ratified by his predecessors of
+  famous memorie, but hath him selfe (as you say) strengthened the same
+  with a new-union the better to resist y^e prid of y^t co[=m]one enemy
+  y^e Spaniard, from whose cruelty the Lord keep us both, and our native
+  countries. Now forasmuch as this is sufficiente to unite us togeather
+  in love and good neighbourhood, in all our dealings, yet are many of
+  us further obliged, by the good and curteous entreaty which we have
+  found in your countrie; haveing lived ther many years, with freedome,
+  and good contente, as also many of our freinds doe to this day; for
+  which we, and our children after us, are bound to be thankfull to your
+  Nation, and shall never forgett y^e same, but shall hartily desire
+  your good & prosperity, as our owne, for ever.
+
+  Likwise for your freindly tender, & offer to aco[=m]odate and help us
+  with any comodities or marchandise you have, or shall come to you,
+  either for beaver, otters, or other wares, it is to us very
+  acceptable, and we doubte not but in short time we may have profitable
+  co[=m]erce & trade togeather. But for this year we are fully supplyed
+  with all necessaries, both for cloathing and other things; but
+  hereafter it is like we shall deale with you, if your rates be
+  reasonable. And therfore when you please to send to us againe by any
+  of yours, we desire to know how you will take beaver, by y^e pounde, &
+  otters, by y^e skine; and how you will deale per cent. for other
+  comodities, and what you can furnishe us with. As likwise what other
+  commodities from us may be acceptable unto you, as tobaco, fish,
+  corne, or other things, and what prises you will give, &c.
+
+  Thus hoping that you will pardon & excuse us for our rude and
+  imperfecte writing in your language, and take it in good parte,
+  because [152] for wante of use we cannot so well express that we
+  understand, nor hapily understand every thing so fully as we should.
+  And so we humbly pray the Lord for his mercie sake, that he will take
+  both us and you into his keeping & gratious protection.
+
+  By y^e Gove^r and Counsell of New-Plimoth,
+  Your Wor^pps very good freinds & neigbours, &c.
+
+  New-Plim: March 19.
+
+
+After this ther was many passages betweene them both by letters and
+other entercourse; and they had some profitable commerce togither for
+diverce years, till other occasions interrupted y^e same, as may happily
+appear afterwards, more at large.
+
+Before they sent M^r. Allerton away for England this year, y^e Gove^r
+and some of their cheefe freinds had serious consideration, not only how
+they might discharge those great ingagments which lay so heavily upon
+them, as is affore mentioned, but also how they might (if possiblie they
+could) devise means to help some of their freinds and breethren of
+Leyden over unto them, who desired so much to come to them, [=a]d they
+desired as much their company. To effecte which, they resolved to rune a
+high course, and of great adventure, not knowing otherwise how to bring
+it aboute. Which was to hire y^e trade of y^e company for certaine
+years, and in that time to undertake to pay that 1800^li. and all y^e
+rest of y^e debts that then lay upon y^e plantation, which was aboute
+some 600^li. more; and so to set them free, and returne the trade to y^e
+generalitie againe at y^e end of y^e terme. Upon which resolution they
+called y^e company togeither, and made it clearly appear unto all what
+their debts were, and upon what terms they would undertake to pay them
+all in such a time, and sett them clear. But their other ends they were
+faine to keepe secrete, haveing only privatly acquaynted some of their
+trusty freinds therwith; which were glad of y^e same, but doubted how
+they would be able to performe it. So after some agitation of the thing
+w^th y^e company, it was yeelded unto, and the agreemente made upon y^e
+conditions following.
+
+  Articles of agreemente betweene y^e collony of New-Pli[=m]oth of y^e
+  one partie, and William Bradford, Captein Myles Standish, Isaack
+  Allerton, &c. one y^e other partie; and shuch others as they shall
+  thinke good to take as partners and undertakers with them, concerning
+  the trade for beaver & other furrs & comodities, &c.; made July, 1627.
+
+  First, it is agreed and covenanted betweexte y^e said parties, that
+  y^e afforsaid William Bradford, Captain Myl Standish, & Isaack
+  Allerton, &c. have undertaken, and doe by these presents, covenante
+  and agree to pay, discharge, and acquite y^e said collony of all y^e
+  debtes both due for y^e purchass, or any other belonging to them, at
+  y^e day of y^e date of these presents.
+
+  [153] Secondly, y^e above-said parties are to have and freely injoye
+  y^e pinass latly builte, the boat at Manamett, and y^e shalop, called
+  y^e Bass-boat, with all other implements to them belonging, that is in
+  y^e store of y^e said company; with all y^e whole stock of furrs,
+  fells, beads, corne, wampampeak, hatchets, knives, &c. that is now in
+  y^e storre, or any way due unto y^e same uppon accounte.
+
+  3^ly. That y^e above said parties have y^e whole trade to them selves,
+  their heires and assignes, with all y^e privileges therof, as y^e said
+  collonie doth now, or may use the same, for 6. full years, to begine
+  y^e last of September next insuing.
+
+  4^ly. In furder consideration of y^e discharge of y^e said debtes,
+  every severall purchaser doth promise and covenante yearly to pay, or
+  cause to be payed, to the above said parties, during y^e full terme of
+  y^e said 6. years, 3. bushells of corne, or 6^li. of tobaco, at y^e
+  undertakers choyse.
+
+  5^ly. The said undertakers shall dureing y^e afforesaid terme bestow
+  50^li. per annum, in hose and shoese, to be brought over for y^e
+  collonies use, to be sould unto them for corne at 6^s. per bushell.
+
+  6^ly. That at y^e end of y^e said terme of 6. years, the whole trade
+  shall returne to y^t use and benefite of y^e said collonie, as before.
+
+  Lastly, if y^e afforesaid undertakers, after they have aquainted their
+  freinds in England with these covenants, doe (upon y^e first returne)
+  resolve to performe them, and undertake to discharge y^e debtes of y^e
+  said collony, according to y^e true meaning & intente of these
+  presents, then they are (upon such notice given) to stand in full
+  force; otherwise all things to remaine as formerly they were, and a
+  true accounte to be given to y^e said collonie, of the disposing of
+  all things according to the former order.
+
+M^r. Allerton carried a coppy of this agreemente with him into England,
+and amongst other his instructions had order given him to deale with
+some of their speciall freinds, to joyne with them in this trade upon
+y^e above recited conditions; as allso to imparte their further ends
+that moved them to take this course, namly, the helping over of some of
+their freinds from Leyden, as they should be able; in which if any of
+them would joyne with them they should thankfully acceptt of their love
+and partnership herein. And with all (by their letters) gave them some
+grounds of their hops of the accomplishmente of these things with some
+advantage.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1628._
+
+After M^r. Allertons arivall in England, he aquainted them with his
+comission and full power to conclude y^e forementioned bargan & purchas;
+upon [154] the veiw wherof, and y^e delivery of y^e bonds for y^e
+paymente of y^e money yearly, (as is before mentioned,) it was fully
+concluded, and a deede[CF] fairly ingrossed in partchmente was delivered
+him, under their hands & seals confirming the same. Morover he delte
+with them aboute other things according to his instructions. As to
+admitt some of these their good freinds into this purchass if they
+pleased, and to deale with them for moneys at better rates, &c. Touching
+which I shall hear inserte a letter of M^r. Sherleys, giving light to
+what followed therof, writ to y^e Gov^r as followeth.
+
+  S^r: I have received yours of y^e 26. of May by M^r. Gibs, & M^r.
+  Goffe, with y^e barrell of otter skins, according to y^e contents; for
+  which I got a bill of store, and so tooke them up, and sould them
+  togeather at 78^li. 12^s. sterling; and since, M^r. Allerton hath
+  received y^e money, as will apear by the accounte. It is true (as you
+  write) that your ingagments are great, not only the purchass, but you
+  are yet necessitated to take up y^e stock you work upon; and y^t not
+  at 6. or 8. p^r cent. as it is here let out, but at 30. 40. yea, &
+  some at 50. p^r cent. which, were not your gaines great, and Gods
+  blessing on your honest indeaours more then ordinarie, it could not be
+  y^t you should longe subsiste in y^e maintaining of, & upholding of
+  your worldly affaires. And this your honest & discreete agente, M^r.
+  Allerton, hath seriously considered, & deeply laid to mind, how to
+  ease you of it. He tould me you were contented to accepte of me & some
+  few others, to joyne with you in y^e purchass, as partners; for which
+  I kindly thanke you and all y^e rest, and doe willingly accepte of it.
+  And though absente, shall willingly be at shuch charge as you & y^e
+  rest shall thinke meete; and this year am contented to forbear my
+  former 50^li. and 2. years increase for y^e venture, both which now
+  makes it 80^li. without any bargaine or condition for y^e profite, you
+  (I mean y^e generalitie) stand to y^e adventure, outward, and
+  homeward. I have perswaded M^r. Andrews and M^r. Beachamp to doe y^e
+  like, so as you are eased of y^e high rate, you were at y^e other 2.
+  yeares; I say we leave it freely to your selves to alow us what you
+  please, and as God shall blesse. What course I rune, M^r. Beachamp
+  desireth to doe y^e same; and though he have been or seemed somwhat
+  harsh heretofore, yet now you shall find he is new moulded. I allso
+  see by your letter, you desire I should be your agente or factore
+  hear. I have ever found you so faithfull, honest, and upright men, as
+  I have even resolved with my selfe (God assisting me) to doe you all
+  y^e good lyeth in my power; and therfore if you please to make choyse
+  of so weak a man, both for abillities and body, to performe your
+  bussines, I promise (y^e Lord enabling me) to doe y^e best I can
+  according to those abillities he hath given me; and wherin I faile,
+  blame your selves, y^t you made no better choyce. Now, because I am
+  sickly, and we are all mortall, I have advised M^r. Allerton to joyne
+  M^r. Beachamp with me in your deputation, which I conceive to be very
+  necessary & good for you; your charge shall be no more, for it is not
+  your salarie maks me undertake your [156[CG]] bussines. Thus
+  contending you & yours, and all Gods people, unto y^e guidance and
+  protection of y^e Allmightie, I ever rest,
+
+  Your faithfull loving freind,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.[CH]
+
+  London, Nov. 17. 1628.
+
+
+With this leter they sent a draught of a formall deputation to be hear
+sealed and sent back unto them, to authorise them as their agents,
+according to what is mentioned in y^e above said letter; and because
+some inconvenience grue therby afterward I shall here inserte it.
+
+  To all to whom these pr[=e]ts shall come greeting; know yee that we,
+  William Bradford, Gov^r of Plimoth, in N.E. in America, Isaak
+  Allerton, Myles Standish, William Brewster, & Ed: Winslow, of Plimoth
+  aforesaid, marchants, doe by these presents for us & in our names,
+  make, substitute, & appointe James Sherley, Goldsmith, & John
+  Beachamp, Salter, citizens of London, our true & lawfull agents,
+  factors, substitutes, & assignes; as well to take and receive all such
+  goods, wares, & marchandise what soever as to our said substitutes or
+  either of them, or to y^e citie of London, or other place of y^e Relme
+  of Engl: shall be sente, transported, or come from us or any of us, as
+  allso to vend, sell, barter, or exchaing y^e said goods, wares, and
+  marchandise so from time to time to be sent to such person or persons
+  upon credite, or other wise in such maner as to our said agents &
+  factors joyently, or to either of them severally shall seeme meete.
+  And further we doe make & ordaine our said substituts & assignes
+  joyntly & severally for us, & to our uses, & accounts, to buy and
+  consigne for and to us into New-Engl: aforesaid, such goods and
+  marchandise to be provided here, and to be returned hence, as by our
+  said assignes, or either of them, shall be thought fitt. And to
+  recover, receive, and demand for us & in our names all such debtes &
+  sumes of money, as now are or hereafter shall be due incidente
+  accruing or belonging to us, or any of us, by any wayes or means; and
+  to acquite, discharge, or compound for any debte or sume of money,
+  which now or hereafter shall be due or oweing by any person or persons
+  to us, or any of us. And generally for us & in our names to doe,
+  performe, and execute every acte & thing which to our said assignes,
+  or either of them, shall seeme meete to be done in or aboute y^e
+  premissies, as fully & effectually, to all intents & purposes, as if
+  we or any of us were in person presente. And whatsoever our said
+  agents & factors joyntly or severally shall doe, or cause to be done,
+  in or aboute y^e premisses, we will & doe, & every of us doth ratife,
+  alow, & confirme, by these presents. In wittnes wherof we have here
+  unto put our hands & seals. Dated 18. Nov^br 1628.
+
+This was accordingly confirmed by the above named, and 4. more of the
+cheefe of them under their hands & seals, and delivered unto them. Also
+M^r. Allerton formerly had authoritie under their hands & seals for y^e
+transacting of y^e former bussines, and taking up of moneys, &c. which
+still he retained whilst he was imployed in these affaires; they
+mistrusting neither him nor any of their freinds faithfullnes, which
+made them more remisse in looking to shuch acts as had passed under
+their hands, as necessarie for y^e time; but letting them rune on to
+long unminded or recaled, it turned to their harme afterwards, as will
+appere in its place.
+
+[157] M^r. Allerton having setled all things thus in a good and hopfull
+way, he made hast to returne in y^e first of y^e spring to be hear with
+their supply for trade, (for y^e fishermen with whom he came used to
+sett forth in winter & be here betimes.) He brought a resonable supply
+of goods for y^e plantation, and without those great interests as before
+is noted; and brought an accounte of y^e beaver sould, and how y^e money
+was disposed for goods, & y^e paymente of other debtes, having paid all
+debts abroad to others, save to M^r. Sherley, M^r. Beachamp, & M^r.
+Andrews; from whom likwise he brought an accounte which to them all
+amounted not to above 400^li. for which he had passed bonds. Allso he
+had payed the first paymente for y^e purchass, being due for this year,
+viz. 200^li. and brought them y^e bonde for y^e same canselled; so as
+they now had no more foreine debtes but y^e abovesaid 400^li. and odde
+pownds, and y^e rest of y^e yearly purchass monie. Some other debtes
+they had in y^e cuntrie, but they were without any intrest, & they had
+wherwith to discharge them when they were due. To this pass the Lord had
+brought things for them. Also he brought them further notice that their
+freinds, the abovenamed, & some others that would joyne with them in y^e
+trad & purchass, did intend for to send over to Leyden, for a competente
+number of them, to be hear the next year without fayle, if y^e Lord
+pleased to blesse their journey. He allso brought them a patente for
+Kenebeck, but it was so straite & ill bounded, as they were faine to
+renew & inlarge it the next year, as allso that which they had at home,
+to their great charge, as will after appeare. Hithertoo M^r. Allerton
+did them good and faithfull service; and well had it been if he had so
+continued, or els they had now ceased for imploying him any longer thus
+into England. But of this more afterwards.
+
+Having procured a patente (as is above said) for Kenebeck, they now
+erected a house up above in y^e river in y^e most convenientest place
+for trade, as they conceived, and furnished the same with co[=m]odities
+for y^t end, both winter & so[=m]er, not only with corne, but also with
+such other commodities as y^e fishermen had traded with them, as coats,
+shirts, ruggs, & blankets, biskett, pease, prunes, &c.; and what they
+could not have out of England, they bought of the fishing ships, and so
+carried on their bussines as well as they could.
+
+This year the Dutch sent againe unto them from their plantation, both
+kind leterss, and also diverse comodities, as suger, linen cloth, Holand
+finer & courser stufes, &c. They came up with their barke to Manamete,
+to their house ther, in which came their Secretarie Rasier; who was
+accompanied with a noyse of trumpeters, and some other attendants; and
+desired that they would send a boat for him, for he could not travill so
+farr over land. So they sent a boat to Manonscussett, and brought him to
+y^e plantation, with y^e cheefe of his company. And after some few days
+entertainmente, he returned to his barke, and some of them wente with
+him, and bought sundry of his goods; after which begining thus made,
+they sente often times to y^e same place, and had entercourse togeather
+for diverce years; and amongst other comodities, they vended [158] much
+tobaco for linen cloath, stuffs, &c., which was a good benefite to y^e
+people, till the Virginians found out their plantation. But that which
+turned most to their profite, in time, was an entrance into the trade of
+Wampampeake; for they now bought aboute 50^li. worth of it of them; and
+they tould them how vendable it was at their forte Orania; and did
+perswade them they would find it so at Kenebeck; and so it came to pass
+in time, though at first it stuck, & it was 2. years before they could
+put of this small quantity, till y^e inland people knew of it; and
+afterwards they could scarce ever gett enough for them, for many years
+togeather. And so this, with their other provissions, cutt of they trade
+quite from y^e fisher-men, and in great part from other of y^e stragling
+planters. And strange it was to see the great allteration it made in a
+few years amonge y^e Indeans them selves; for all the Indeans of these
+parts, & y^e Massachussets, had none or very litle of it,[CI] but y^e
+sachems & some spetiall persons that wore a litle of it for ornamente.
+Only it was made & kepte amonge y^e Nariganssets, & Pequents, which grew
+rich & potent by it, and these people were poore & begerly, and had no
+use of it. Neither did the English of this plantation, or any other in
+y^e land, till now that they had knowledg of it from y^e Dutch, so much
+as know what it was, much less y^t it was a co[=m]oditie of that worth &
+valew. But after it grue thus to be a comoditie in these parts, these
+Indeans fell into it allso, and to learne how to make it; for y^e
+Narigansets doe geather y^e shells of which y^ey make it from their
+shors. And it hath now continued a current comoditie aboute this 20.
+years, and it may prove a drugg in time. In y^e mean time it maks y^e
+Indeans of these parts rich & power full and also prowd therby; and
+fills them with peeces, powder, and shote, which no laws can restraine,
+by reasone of y^e bassnes of sundry unworthy persons, both English,
+Dutch, & French, which may turne to y^e ruine of many. Hithertoo y^e
+Indeans of these parts had no peeces nor other armes but their bowes &
+arrowes, nor of many years after; nether durst they scarce handle a
+gune, so much were they affraid of them; and y^e very sight of one
+(though out of kilter) was a terrour unto them. But those Indeans to y^e
+east parts, which had co[=m]erce with y^e French, got peces of them, and
+they in the end made a commone trade of it; and in time our English
+fisher-men, led with y^e like covetoussnes, followed their example, for
+their owne gaine; but upon complainte against them, it pleased the kings
+majestie to prohibite y^e same by a stricte proclaimation, commanding
+that no sorte of armes, or munition, should by any of his subjects be
+traded with them.
+
+Aboute some 3. or 4. years before this time, ther came over one Captaine
+Wolastone, (a man of pretie parts,) and with him 3. or 4. more of some
+eminencie, who brought with them a great many servants, with provissions
+& other implments for to begine a plantation; and pitched them selves in
+a place within the Massachusets, which they called, after their Captains
+name, Mount-Wollaston. Amongst whom was one M^r. Morton, who, it should
+seeme, had some small adventure (of his owne or other mens) amongst
+them; but had litle respecte [159] amongst them, and was sleghted by y^e
+meanest servants. Haveing continued ther some time, and not finding
+things to answer their expectations, nor profite to arise as they looked
+for, Captaine Wollaston takes a great part of y^e sarvants, and
+transports them to Virginia, wher he puts them of at good rates, selling
+their time to other men; and writs back to one M^r. Rassdall, one of his
+cheefe partners, and accounted their marchant, to bring another parte of
+them to Verginia likewise, intending to put them of ther as he had done
+y^e rest. And he, w^th y^e consente of y^e said Rasdall, appoynted one
+Fitcher to be his Livetenante, and governe y^e remaines of y^e
+plantation, till he or Rasdall returned to take further order
+theraboute. But this Morton abovesaid, haveing more craft then honestie,
+(who had been a kind of petie-fogger, of Furnefells Inne,) in y^e others
+absence, watches an oppertunitie, (commons being but hard amongst them,)
+and gott some strong drinck & other junkats, & made them a feast; and
+after they were merie, he begane to tell them, he would give them good
+counsell. You see (saith he) that many of your fellows are carried to
+Virginia; and if you stay till this Rasdall returne, you will also be
+carried away and sould for slaves with y^e rest. Therfore I would
+advise you to thruste out this Levetenant Fitcher; and I, having a
+parte in the plantation, will receive you as my partners and consociats;
+so may you be free from service, and we will converse, trad, plante, &
+live togeather as equalls, & supporte & protecte one another, or to like
+effecte. This counsell was easily received; so they tooke oppertunitie,
+and thrust Levetenante Fitcher out a dores, and would suffer him to come
+no more amongst them, but forct him to seeke bread to eate, and other
+releefe from his neigbours, till he could gett passages for England.
+After this they fell to great licenciousnes, and led a dissolute life,
+powering out them selves into all profanenes. And Morton became lord of
+misrule, and maintained (as it were) a schoole of Athisme. And after
+they had gott some good into their hands, and gott much by trading with
+y^e Indeans, they spent it as vainly, in quaffing & drinking both wine &
+strong waters in great exsess, and, as some reported, 10^li. worth in a
+morning. They allso set up a May-pole, drinking and dancing aboute it
+many days togeather, inviting the Indean women, for their consorts,
+dancing and frisking togither, (like so many fairies, or furies rather,)
+and worse practises. As if they had anew revived & celebrated the feasts
+of y^e Roman Goddes Flora, or y^e beasly practieses of y^e madd
+Bacchinalians. Morton likwise (to shew his poetrie) composed sundry
+rimes & verses, some tending to lasciviousnes, and others to y^e
+detraction & scandall of some persons, which he affixed to this idle or
+idoll May-polle. They chainged allso the name of their place, and in
+stead of calling it Mounte Wollaston, they call it Merie-mounte, [160]
+as if this joylity would have lasted ever. But this continued not long,
+for after Morton was sent for England, (as follows to be declared,)
+shortly after came over that worthy gentlman, M^r. John Indecott, who
+brought over a patent under y^e broad seall, for y^e govermente of y^e
+Massachusets, who visiting those parts caused y^t May-polle to be cutt
+downe, and rebuked them for their profannes, and admonished them to
+looke ther should be better walking; so they now, or others, changed y^e
+name of their place againe, and called it Mounte-Dagon.
+
+Now to maintaine this riotous prodigallitie and profuse excess, Morton,
+thinking him selfe lawless, and hearing what gaine y^e French &
+fisher-men made by trading of peeces, powder, & shotte to y^e Indeans,
+he, as y^e head of this consortship, begane y^e practise of y^e same in
+these parts; and first he taught them how to use them, to charge, &
+discharg, and what proportion of powder to give y^e peece, according to
+y^e sise or bignes of y^e same; and what shotte to use for foule, and
+what for deare. And having thus instructed them, he imployed some of
+them to hunte & fowle for him, so as they became farr more active in
+that imploymente then any of y^e English, by reason of ther swiftnes of
+foote, & nimblnes of body, being also quick-sighted, and by continuall
+exercise well knowing y^e hants of all sorts of game. So as when they
+saw y^e execution that a peece would doe, and y^e benefite that might
+come by y^e same, they became madd, as it were, after them, and would
+not stick to give any prise they could attaine too for them; accounting
+their bowes & arrowes but bables in comparison of them.
+
+And here I may take occasion to bewaile y^e mischefe that this wicked
+man began in these parts, and which since base covetousnes prevailing in
+men that should know better, has now at length gott y^e upper hand, and
+made this thing co[=m]one, notwithstanding any laws to y^e contrary; so
+as y^e Indeans are full of peeces all over, both fouling peeces,
+muskets, pistols, &c. They have also their moulds to make shotte, of all
+sorts, as muskett bulletts, pistoll bullets, swane & gose shote, & of
+smaler sorts; yea, some have seen them have their scruplats to make
+scrupins them selves, when they wante them, with sundery other
+implements, wherwith they are ordinarily better fited & furnished then
+y^e English them selves. Yea, it is well knowne that they will have
+powder & shot, when the English want it, nor cannot gett it; and y^t in
+a time of warr or danger, as experience hath manifested, that when lead
+hath been scarce, and men for their owne defence would gladly have given
+a groat a l which is dear enoughe, yet hath it bene bought up & sent to
+other places, and sould to shuch as trade it with y^e Indeans, at 12.
+pence y^e li.; and it is like they give 3. or 4.^s y^e pound, for they
+will have it at any rate. And these things have been done in y^e same
+times, when some of their neigbours & freinds are daly killed by y^e
+Indeans, or are in deanger therof, and live but at y^e Indeans mercie.
+[161] Yea, some (as they have aquainted them with all other things) have
+tould them how gunpowder is made, and all y^e materialls in it, and that
+they are to be had in their owne land; and I am confidente, could they
+attaine to make saltpeter, they would teach them to make powder. O the
+horiblnes of this vilanie! how many both Dutch & English have been latly
+slaine by those Indeans, thus furnished; and no remedie provided, nay,
+y^e evill more increased, and y^e blood of their brethren sould for
+gaine, as is to be feared; and in what danger all these colonies are in
+is too well known. Oh! that princes & parlements would take some timly
+order to prevente this mischeefe, and at length to suppress it, by some
+exemplerie punishmente upon some of these gaine thirstie murderers, (for
+they deserve no better title,) before their collonies in these parts be
+over throwne by these barbarous savages, thus armed with their owne
+weapons, by these evill instruments, and traytors to their neigbors and
+cuntrie. But I have forgott my selfe, and have been to longe in this
+digression; but now to returne. This Morton having thus taught them y^e
+use of peeces, he sould them all he could spare; and he and his consorts
+detirmined to send for many out of England, and had by some of y^e ships
+sente for above a score. The which being knowne, and his neigbours
+meeting y^e Indeans in y^e woods armed with guns in this sorte, it was a
+terrour unto them, who lived straglingly, and were of no strenght in any
+place. And other places (though more remote) saw this mischeefe would
+quietly spread over all, if not prevented. Besides, they saw they should
+keep no servants, for Morton would entertaine any, how vile soever, and
+all y^e scume of y^e countrie, or any discontents, would flock to him
+from all places, if this nest was not broken; and they should stand in
+more fear of their lives & goods (in short time) from this wicked &
+deboste crue, then from y^e salvages them selves.
+
+So sundrie of y^e cheefe of y^e stragling plantations, meeting togither,
+agreed by mutuall consente to sollissite those of Plimoth (who were then
+of more strength then them all) to joyne with them, to prevente y^e
+further grouth of this mischeefe, and suppress Morton & his consortes
+before y^ey grewe to further head and strength. Those that joyned in
+this acction (and after contributed to the charge of sending him for
+England) were from Pascataway, Namkeake, Winisimett, Weesagascusett,
+Natasco, and other places wher any English were seated. Those of Plimoth
+being thus sought too by their messengers & letters, and waying both
+their reasons, and the co[=m]one danger, were willing to afford them
+their help; though them selves had least cause of fear or hurte. So, to
+be short, they first resolved joyntly to write to him, and in a freindly
+& neigborly way to admonish him to forbear these courses, & sent a
+messenger with their letters to bring his answer. But he was so highe as
+he scorned all advise, and asked who had to doe with him; he had and
+would trade peeces with y^e Indeans in dispite of all, with many other
+scurillous termes full of disdaine. They sente to him a second time, and
+bad him be better advised, and more temperate in his termes, for y^e
+countrie could not beare y^e injure he did; it was against their comone
+saftie, and against y^e king's proclamation. He answerd in high terms as
+before, and that y^e kings proclamation was no law; demanding what
+penaltie was upon it. It was answered, more then he could [162] bear,
+his majesties displeasure. But insolently he persisted, and said y^e
+king was dead and his displeasure with him, & many y^e like things; and
+threatened withall that if any came to molest him, let them looke to
+them selves, for he would prepare for them. Upon which they saw ther was
+no way but to take him by force; and having so farr proceeded, now to
+give over would make him farr more hautie & insolente. So they mutually
+resolved to proceed, and obtained of y^e Gov^r of Plimoth to send
+Captaine Standish, & some other aide with him, to take Morton by force.
+The which accordingly was done; but they found him to stand stifly in
+his defence, having made fast his dors, armed his consorts, set diverse
+dishes of powder & bullets ready on y^e table; and if they had not been
+over armed with drinke, more hurt might have been done. They so[=m]aned
+him to yeeld, but he kept his house, and they could gett nothing but
+scofes & scorns from him; but at length, fearing they would doe some
+violence to y^e house, he and some of his crue came out, but not to
+yeeld, but to shoote; but they were so steeld with drinke as their
+peeces were to heavie for them; him selfe with a carbine (over charged &
+allmost halfe fild with powder & shote, as was after found) had thought
+to have shot Captaine Standish; but he stept to him, & put by his peece,
+& tooke him. Neither was ther any hurte done to any of either side, save
+y^t one was so drunke y^t he rane his owne nose upon y^e pointe of a
+sword y^t one held before him as he entred y^e house; but he lost but a
+litle of his hott blood. Morton they brought away to Plimoth, wher he
+was kepte, till a ship went from y^e Ile of Shols for England, with
+which he was sente to y^e Counsell of New-England; and letters writen to
+give them information of his course & cariage; and also one was sent at
+their co[=m]one charge to informe their Ho^rs more perticulerly, & to
+prosecute against him. But he foold of y^e messenger, after he was gone
+from hence, and though he wente for England, yet nothing was done to
+him, not so much as rebukte, for ought was heard; but returned y^e nexte
+year. Some of y^e worst of y^e company were disperst, and some of y^e
+more modest kepte y^e house till he should be heard from. But I have
+been too long aboute so un-worthy a person, and bad a cause.
+
+This year M^r. Allerton brought over a yonge man for a minister to y^e
+people hear, wheather upon his owne head, or at y^e motion of some
+freinds ther, I well know not, but it was without y^e churches sending;
+for they had bene so bitten by M^r. Lyford, as they desired to know y^e
+person well whom they should invite amongst them. His name was M^r.
+Rogers; but they perceived, upon some triall, that he was crased in his
+braine; so they were faine to be at further charge to send him back
+againe y^e nexte year, and loose all y^e charge that was expended in his
+hither bringing, which was not smalle by M^r. Allerton's accounte, in
+provissions, aparell, bedding, &c. After his returne he grue quite
+distracted, and M^r. Allerton was much blamed y^t he would bring such a
+man over, they having charge enough otherwise.
+
+M^r. Allerton, in y^e years before, had brought over some small quantie
+of goods, upon his owne perticuler, and sould them for his owne private
+benefite; which was more then any man had yet hithertoo attempted. But
+because he had other wise done them good service, and also he sould
+them among y^e people at y^e plantation, by which their wants were
+supplied, and he aledged it was the [163] love of M^r. Sherley and some
+other freinds that would needs trust him with some goods, conceiveing it
+might doe him some good, and none hurte, it was not much lookt at, but
+past over. But this year he brought over a greater quantitie, and they
+were so intermixte with y^e goods of y^e generall, as they knew not
+which were theirs, & w^ch was his, being pact up together; so as they
+well saw that, if any casualty had beefalne at sea, he might have laid
+y^e whole on them, if he would; for ther was no distinction. Allso what
+was most vendible, and would yeeld presente pay, usualy that was his;
+and he now begane allso to sell abroad to others of forine places,
+which, considering their co[=m]one course, they began to dislike. Yet
+because love thinkes no evill, nor is susspitious, they tooke his faire
+words for excuse, and resolved to send him againe this year for England;
+considering how well he had done y^e former bussines, and what good
+acceptation he had with their freinds ther; as also seeing sundry of
+their freinds from Leyden were sente for, which would or might be much
+furthered by his means. Againe, seeing the patente for Kenebeck must be
+inlarged, by reason of y^e former mistaks in the bounding of it, and it
+was conceived, in a maner, y^e same charge would serve to inlarge this
+at home with it, and he that had begane y^e former y^e last year would
+be y^e fittest to effecte this; so they gave him instructions and sente
+him for England this year againe. And in his instructions bound him to
+bring over no goods on their accounte, but 50^li. in hose & shoes, and
+some linen cloth, (as y^ey were bound by covenante when they tooke y^e
+trad;) also some trading goods to such a value; and in no case to exseed
+his instructions, nor ru[=n]e them into any further charge; he well
+knowing how their state stood. Also y^t he should so provide y^t their
+trading goods came over betimes, and what so ever was sent on their
+accounte should be pact up by it selfe, marked with their marke, and no
+other goods to be mixed with theirs. For so he prayed them to give him
+such instructions as they saw good, and he would folow them, to prevente
+any jellocie or farther offence, upon the former forementioned dislikes.
+And thus they conceived they had well provided for all things.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1629._
+
+M^r. Allerton safly arriving in England, and delivering his leters to
+their freinds their, and aquainting them with his instructions, found
+good acceptation with them, and they were very forward & willing to
+joyne with them in y^e partnership of trade, & in y^e charge to send
+over y^e Leyden people; a company wherof were allready come out of
+Holand, and prepared to come over, and so were sent away before M^r.
+Allerton could be ready to come. They had passage with y^e ships that
+came to Salem, that brought over many godly persons to begine y^e
+plantations & churches of Christ ther, & in y^e Bay of Massachussets; so
+their long stay & keeping back [164] was recompensed by y^e Lord to ther
+freinds here with a duble blessing, in that they not only injoyed them
+now beyond ther late expectation, (when all their hops seemed to be cutt
+of,) but, with them, many more godly freinds & Christian breethren, as
+y^e begining of a larger harvest unto y^e Lord, in y^e increase of his
+churches & people in these parts, to y^e admiration of many, and allmost
+wonder of y^e world; that of so small beginings so great things should
+insue, as time after manifested; and that here should be a resting place
+for so many of y^e Lords people, when so sharp a scourge came upon their
+owne nation. But it was y^e Lords doing, & it ought to be marvellous in
+our eyes.
+
+But I shall hear inserte some of their freinds letters, which doe best
+expresse their owne minds in these thir proceedings.
+
+_A leter of M^r. Sherleys to y^e Gov^r._
+
+  May 25, 1629.[CJ]
+
+  S^r: &c. Here are now many of your and our freinds from Leyden coming
+  over, who, though for y^e most parte be but a weak company, yet herein
+  is a good parte of that end obtained which was aimed at, and which
+  hath been so strongly opposed by some of our former adventurers. But
+  God hath his working in these things, which man cannot frustrate. With
+  them we have allso sent some servants in y^e ship called the Talbut,
+  that wente hence latly; but these come in y^e May-flower. M^r.
+  Beachamp & my selfe, with M^r. Andrews & M^r. Hatherly, are, with your
+  love and liking, joyned partners with you, &c.
+
+
+  Your deputation we have received, and y^e goods have been taken up &
+  sould by your friend & agente, M^r. Allerton, my selfe having bine
+  nere 3. months in Holland, at Amsterdam & other parts in y^e
+  Low-Countries. I see further the agreemente you have made with y^e
+  generallitie, in which I cannot understand but you have done very
+  well, both for them & you, and also for your freinds at Leyden. M^r.
+  Beachamp, M^r. Andrews, M^r. Hatherley, & my selfe, doe so like and
+  approve of it, as we are willing to joyne with you, and, God directing
+  and inabling us, will be assisting and helpfull to you, y^e best y^t
+  possiblie we can. Nay, had you not taken this course, I doe not see
+  how you should accomplish y^e end you first aimed at, and some others
+  indevored these years past. We know it must keep us from y^e profite,
+  which otherwise by y^e blessing of God and your indeaours, might be
+  gained; for most of those that came in May, & these now sente, though
+  I hope honest & good people, yet not like to be helpfull to raise
+  profite, but rather, ney, certaine must, some while, be chargable to
+  you & us; at which it is lickly, had not this wise & discreete course
+  been taken, many of your generalitie would have grudged. Againe, you
+  say well in your letter, and I make no doubte but you will performe
+  it, that now being but a few, on whom y^e burthen must be, you will
+  both menage it y^e beter, and sett too it more cherfully, haveing no
+  discontente nor contradiction, but so lovingly to joyne togeither, in
+  affection and counsell, as God no doubte will blesse and prosper your
+  honest labours & indeavors. And therfore in all respects I doe not see
+  but you have done marvelously discreetly, & advisedly, and no doubt
+  but it gives all parties good contente; I mean y^t are reasonable &
+  honest men, such as make conscience of giving y^e best satisfaction
+  they be able for their debts, and y^t regard not their owne perticuler
+  so much as y^e accomplishing of y^t good end for which this bussines
+  was first intended, &c. Thus desiring y^e Lord to blese & prosper you,
+  & all yours, and all our honest endeavors, I rest
+
+  Your unfained & ever loving friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Lon: March 8. 1629.[CK]
+
+
+[165] That I may handle things together, I have put these 2. companies
+that came from Leyden in this place; though they came at 2. severall
+times, yet they both came out of England this year. The former company,
+being 35. persons, were shiped in May, and arived here aboute August.
+The later were shiped in y^e begining of March, and arived hear y^e
+later end of May, 1630. M^r. Sherleys 2. letters, y^e effect wherof I
+have before related, (as much of them as is pertinente,) mentions both.
+Their charge, as M^r. Allerton brought it in afterwards on accounte,
+came to above 550^li. besids ther fetching hither from Salem & y^e Bay,
+wher they and their goods were landed; viz. their transportation from
+Holland to England, & their charges lying ther, and passages hither,
+with clothing provided for them. For I find by accounte for y^e one
+company, 125. yeards of karsey, 127. ellons of linen cloath, shoes, 66.
+[p=]^r, with many other perticulers. The charge of y^e other company is
+reckoned on y^e severall families, some 50^li., some 40^li., some
+30^li., and so more or less, as their number & expencess were. And
+besids all this charg, their freinds & bretheren here were to provid
+corne & other provissions for them, till they could reap a crope which
+was long before. Those that came in May were thus maintained upward of
+16. or 18. months, before they had any harvest of their owne, & y^e
+other by proportion. And all they could doe in y^e mean time was to gett
+them some housing, and prepare them grounds to plant on, against the
+season. And this charg of maintaining them all this while was litle less
+then y^e former sume. These things I note more perticulerly, for sundry
+regards. First, to shew a rare example herein of brotherly love, and
+Christian care in performing their promises and covenants to their
+bretheren, too, & in a sorte beyonde their power; that they should
+venture so desperatly to ingage them selves to accomplish this thing,
+and bear it so cheerfully; for they never demanded, much less had, any
+repaymente of all these great sumes thus disbursed. 2^ly. It must needs
+be that ther was more then of man in these acheevements, that should
+thus readily stire up y^e harts of shuch able frinds to joyne in
+partnership with them in shuch a case, and cleave so faithfullie to them
+as these did, in so great adventures; and the more because the most of
+them never saw their faces to this day; ther being neither kindred,
+aliance, or other acquaintance or relations betweene any of them, then
+hath been before mentioned; it must needs be therfore the spetiall worke
+and hand of God. 3^ly. That these poore people here in a wilderness
+should, notwithstanding, be inabled in time to repay all these
+ingagments, and many more unjustly brought upon them through the
+unfaithfullnes of some, and many other great losses which they
+sustained, which will be made manifest, if y^e Lord be pleased to give
+life and time. In y^e mean time, I cannot but admire his ways and workes
+towards his servants, and humbly desire to blesse his holy name for his
+great mercies hithertoo.
+
+[166] The Leyden people being thus come over, and sundry of y^e
+generalitie seeing & hearing how great y^e charg was like to be that was
+that way to be expended, they begane to murmure and repine at it,
+notwithstanding y^e burden lay on other mens shoulders; espetially at
+y^e paying of y^e 3. bushells of corne a year, according to y^e former
+agreemente, when y^e trad was lett for y^e 6. years aforesaid. But to
+give them contente herein allso, it was promised them, that if they
+could doe it in y^e time without it, they would never demand it of them;
+which gave them good contente. And indeed it never was paid, as will
+appeare by y^e sequell.
+
+Concerning M^r. Allertons proceedings about y^e inlarging & confirming
+of their patent, both y^t at home & Kenebeck, will best appere by
+another leter of M^r. Sherleys; for though much time & money was
+expended aboute it, yet he left it unaccomplisht this year, and came
+without it. See M^r. Sherleys letter.
+
+  Most worthy & loving freinds, &c.
+
+  Some of your letters I received in July, & some since by M^r. Peirce,
+  but till our maine bussines, y^e patent, was granted, I could not
+  setle my mind nor pen to writing. M^r. Allerton was so turrmoyled
+  about it, as verily I would not nor could not have undergone it, if I
+  might have had a thousand pounds; but y^e Lord so blessed his labours
+  (even beyond expectation in these evill days) as he obtained y^e love
+  & favore of great men in repute & place. He got granted from y^e Earle
+  of Warwick & S^r. Ferdinando Gorge all that M^r. Winslow desired in
+  his letters to me, & more also, which I leave to him to relate. Then
+  he sued to y^e king to confirme their grante, and to make you a
+  corporation, and so to inable you to make & execute lawes, in such
+  large & ample maner as y^e Massachusett plantation hath it; which y^e
+  king graciously granted, referring it to y^e Lord Keeper to give order
+  to y^e solisiter to draw it up, if ther were a presidente for it. So
+  y^e Lord Keeper furthered it all he could, and allso y^e solissiter;
+  but as Festus said to Paule, With no small sume of money obtained I
+  this freedom; for by y^e way many ridells must be resolved, and many
+  locks must be opened with y^e silver, ney, y^e golden key. Then it was
+  to come to y^e Lord Treasurer, to have his warrente for freeing y^e
+  custume for a certaine time; but be would not doe it, but refferd it
+  to y^e Counsell table. And ther M^r. Allerton atended day by day, when
+  they sate, but could not gett his petition read. And by reason of M^r.
+  Peirce his staying with all y^e passengers at Bristoll, he was forct
+  to leave y^e further prosecuting of it to a solissiter. But ther is no
+  fear nor doubte but it will be granted, for he hath y^e cheefe of them
+  to freind; yet it will be marvelously needfull for him to returne by
+  y^e first ship y^t comes from thence; for if you had this confirmed,
+  then were you compleate, and might bear such sway & goverment as were
+  fitt for your ranke & place y^t God hath called you unto; and stope
+  y^e moueths of base and scurrulous fellowes, y^t are ready to question
+  & threaten you in every action you [167] doe. And besids, if you have
+  y^e custome free for 7. years inward, & 21. outward, y^e charge of y^e
+  patent will be soone recovered, and ther is no fear of obtaining[CL]
+  it. But such things must work by degrees; men cannot hasten it as they
+  would; werefore we (I write in behalfe of all our partners here)
+  desire you to be ernest with M^r. Allerton to come, and his wife to
+  spare him this one year more, to finish this great & waighty bussines,
+  which we conceive will be much for your good, & I hope for your
+  posteritie, and for many generations to come.
+
+Thus much of this letter. It was dated y^e 19. March, 1629.
+
+By which it appears what progress was made herein, & in part what charge
+it was, and how left unfinished, and some reason of y^e same; but in
+truth (as was afterwards appehended) the meaine reason was M^r.
+Allerton's policie, to have an opportunitie to be sent over againe, for
+other regards; and for that end procured them thus to write. For it
+might then well enough have been finshed, if not with y^t clause aboute
+y^e custumes, which was M^r. Allertons & M^r. Sherleys device, and not
+at all thought on by y^e colony here, nor much regarded, yet it might
+have been done without it, without all queston, having passed y^e kings
+hand; nay it was conceived it might then have beene done with it, if he
+had pleased; but covetousnes never brings ought home, as y^e proverb is,
+for this oppertunytie being lost, it was never accomplished, but a great
+deale of money veainly & lavishly cast away aboute it, as doth appear
+upon their accounts. But of this more in its place.
+
+M^r. Alerton gave them great and just ofence in this (which I had
+omited[CM] and almost forgotten),--in bringing over this year, for base
+gaine, that unworthy man, and instrumente of mischeefe, Morton, who was
+sent home but y^e year before for his misdemenors. He not only brought
+him over, but to y^e towne (as it were to nose them), and lodged him at
+his owne house, and for a while used him as a scribe to doe his
+bussines, till he was caused to pack him away. So he wente to his old
+nest in y^e Massachusets, wher it was not long but by his miscariage he
+gave them just occation to lay hands on him; and he was by them againe
+sent prisoner into England, wher he lay a good while in Exeter Jeole.
+For besids his miscariage here, he was vemently suspected for y^e murder
+of a man that had adventured moneys with him, when he came first into
+New-England. And a warrente was sente from y^e Lord Cheefe Justice to
+apprehend him, by vertue wherof he was by the Gov^r of y^e Massachusets
+sent into England; and for other his misdemenors amongst them, they
+demolisht his house, that it might be no longer a roost for shuch
+unclaine birds to nestle in. Yet he got free againe, and write an
+infamouse & scurillous booke against many godly & cheefe men of y^e
+cuntrie; full of lyes & slanders, and fraight with profane callumnies
+against their names and persons, and y^e ways of God. After sundry
+years, when y^e warrs were hott in England, he came againe into y^e
+cuntrie, and was imprisoned at Boston for this booke and other things,
+being grown old in wickednes.
+
+Concerning y^e rest of M^r. Allertons instructions, in which they
+strictly injoyned him not to exceed above y^t 50^li. in y^e goods before
+mentioned, not to bring any but trading co[=m]odities, he followed them
+not at all, but did the quite contrarie; bringing over many other sorts
+of retaile goods, selling what he could by the way on his owne accounte,
+and delivering the rest, which he said to be theirs, into y^e store; and
+for trading goods brought but litle in comparison; excusing the matter,
+they had laid out much about y^e Laiden people, & patent, &c. And for
+other goods, they had much of them of ther owne dealings, without
+present disbursemente, & to like effect. And as for passing his bounds &
+instructions, he laid it on M^r. Sherley, &c., who, he said, they might
+see his mind in his leters; also that they had sett out Ashley at great
+charg; but next year they should have what trading goods they would send
+for, if things were now well setled, &c. And thus were they put off;
+indeed M^r. Sherley write things tending this way, but it is like he was
+overruled by M^r. Allerton, and harkened more to him then to their
+letters from hence.
+
+Thus he further writs in y^e former leter.
+
+  I see what you write in your leters concerning y^e over-co[=m]ing &
+  paying of our debts, which I confess are great, and had need be
+  carfully looked unto; yet no doubt but we, joyning in love, may soone
+  over-come them; but we must follow it roundly & to purposs, for if we
+  pedle out y^e time of our trad, others will step in and nose us. But
+  we know y^t you have y^t aquaintance & experience in y^e countrie, as
+  none have the like; wherfore, freinds & partners, be no way
+  discouraged with y^e greatnes of y^e debt, &c., but let us not fulfill
+  y^e proverbe, to bestow 12^d. on a purse, and put 6^d. [168] in it;
+  but as you and we have been at great charg, and undergone much for
+  setling you ther, and to gaine experience, so as God shall enable us,
+  let us make use of it. And think not with 50^li. pound a yeare sent
+  you over, to rayse shuch means as to pay our debts. We see a
+  possibillitie of good if you be well supplied, and fully furnished;
+  and cheefly if you lovingly agree. I know I write to godly and wise
+  men, such as have lerned to bear one an others infirmities, and
+  rejoyce at any ones prosperities; and if I were able I would press
+  this more, because it is hoped by some of your enimies, that you will
+  fall out one with another, and so over throw your hopfull bussines.
+  Nay, I have heard it crediblie reported, y^t some have said, that till
+  you be disjoynted by discontents & factions[CN] amongst your sellves,
+  it bootes not any to goe over, in hope of getting or doing good in
+  those parts. But we hope beter things of you, and that you will not
+  only bear one with another, but banish such thoughts, and not suffer
+  them to lodg in your brests. God grant you may disappointe y^e hopes
+  of your foes, and procure y^e hartie desire of your selves & freinds
+  in this perticuler.
+
+By this it appears that ther was a kind of concurrance betweene M^r.
+Allerton and them in these things, and that they gave more regard to his
+way & course in these things, then to y^e advise from hence; which made
+him bould to presume above his instructions, and to rune on in y^e
+course he did, to their greater hurt afterwards, as will appear. These
+things did much trouble them hear, but they well knew not how to help
+it, being loath to make any breach or contention hear aboute; being so
+premonished as before in y^e leter above recited. An other more secrete
+cause was herewith concurrente; M^r. Allerton had maried y^e daughter of
+their Reverend Elder, M^r. Brewster (a man beloved & honoured amongst
+them, and who tooke great paines in teaching & dispenceing y^e word of
+God unto them), whom they were loath to greeve or any way offend, so as
+they bore with much in that respecte. And with all M^r. Allerton carried
+so faire with him, and procured such leters from M^r. Sherley to him,
+with shuch applause of M^r. Allertons wisdom, care, and faithfullnes, in
+y^e bussines; and as things stood none were so fitte to send aboute them
+as he; and if any should suggest other wise, it was rather out of envie,
+or some other sinister respecte then other wise. Besids, though private
+gaine, I doe perswade my selfe, was some cause to lead M^r. Allerton
+aside in these beginings, yet I thinke, or at least charitie caries me
+to hope, that he intended to deale faithfully with them in y^e maine,
+and had such an opinion of his owne abillitie, and some experience of
+y^e benefite that he had made in this singuler way, as he conceived he
+might both raise him selfe an estate, and allso be a means to bring in
+such profite to M^r. Sherley, (and it may be y^e rest,) as might be as
+lickly to bring in their moneys againe with advantage, and it may be
+sooner then from the generall way; or at least it was looked upon by
+some of them to be a good help ther unto; and that neither he nor any
+other did intend to charge y^e generall accounte with any thing that
+rane in perticuler; or y^t M^r. Sherley or any other did purposs but y^t
+y^e generall should be first & fully supplyed. I say charitie makes me
+thus conceive; though things fell out other wise, and they missed of
+their aimes, and y^e generall suffered abundantly hereby, as will
+afterwards apear.
+
+[169] Togeither herewith sorted an other bussines contrived by M^r.
+Allerton and them ther, w^{th}out any knowledg of y^e partners, and so
+farr proceeded in as they were constrained to allow therof, and joyne in
+y^e same, though they had no great liking of it, but feared what might
+be y^e evente of y^e same. I shall relate it in a further part of M^r.
+Sherley's leter as foloweth.
+
+  I am to aquainte you that we have thought good to joyne with one
+  Edward Ashley (a man I thinke y^t some of you know); but it is only of
+  y^t place wherof he hath a patente in M^r. Beachamps name; and to that
+  end have furnished him with larg provissions, &c. Now if you please to
+  be partners with us in this, we are willing you shall; for after we
+  heard how forward Bristoll men (and as I hear some able men of his
+  owne kindrid) have been to stock & supply him, hoping of profite, we
+  thought it fitter for us to lay hould of such an opportunitie, and to
+  keep a kind of ru[=n]ing plantation, then others who have not borne
+  y^e burthen of setling a plantation, as we have done. And he, on y^e
+  other side, like an understanding yonge man, thought it better to
+  joyne with those y^t had means by a plantation to supply & back him
+  ther, rather then strangers, that looke but only after profite. Now it
+  is not knowne that you are partners with him; but only we 4., M^r.
+  Andrews, M^r. Beachamp, my selfe, & M^r. Hatherley, who desired to
+  have y^e patente, in consideration of our great loss we have allready
+  sustained in setling y^e first plantation ther; so we agreed togeather
+  to take it in our names. And now, as I said before, if you please to
+  joyne with us, we are willing you should. M^r. Allerton had no power
+  from you to make this new contracte, neither was he willing to doe any
+  thing therin without your consente & approbation. M^r. William Peirce
+  is joyned with us in this, for we thought it very conveniente, because
+  of landing Ashley and his goods ther, if God please; and he will bend
+  his course accordingly. He hath a new boate with him, and boards to
+  make another, with 4. or 5. lustie fellowes, wherof one is a
+  carpenter. Now in case you are not willing in this perticuler to joyne
+  with us, fearing y^e charge & doubting y^e success, yet thus much we
+  intreate of you, to afford him all the help you can, either by men,
+  commodities, or boats; yet not but y^t we will pay you for any thing
+  he hath. And we desire you to keep y^e accounts apart, though you
+  joyne with us; becase ther is, as you see, other partners in this then
+  y^e other; so, for all mens wages, boats-hire, or comodities, which we
+  shall have of you, make him debtore for it; and what you shall have of
+  him, make y^e plantation or your selves debtore for it to him, and so
+  ther will need no mingling of y^e accounts.
+
+  And now, loving freinds & partners, if you joyne in Ashles patent &
+  bussines, though we have laid out y^e money and taken up much to stock
+  this bussines & the other, yet I thinke it conscionable and reasonable
+  y^t you should beare your shares and proportion of y^e stock, if not
+  by present money, yet by securing us for so much as it shall come too;
+  for it is not barly y^e interest that is to be alowed & considered of,
+  but allso y^e adventure; though I hope in God, by his blessing & your
+  honest indeavors, it may soon be payed; yet y^e years y^t this
+  partnership holds is not long, nor many; let all therfore lay it to
+  harte, and make y^e best use of y^e time that possiblie we cann, and
+  let every man put too his shoulder, and y^e burthen will be the
+  lighter. I know you are so honest & conscionable men, as you will
+  consider hereof, [170] and returne shuch an answer as may give good
+  satisfaction. Ther is none of us that would venture as we have done,
+  were it not to strengthen & setle you more then our owne perticuler
+  profite.
+
+  Ther is no liclyhood of doing any good in buying y^e debte for y^e
+  purchas. I know some will not abate y^e interest, and therfore let it
+  rune its course; they are to be paied yearly, and so I hope they
+  shall, according to agreemente. The Lord grant y^t our loves &
+  affections may still be united, and knit togeither; and so we rest
+  your ever loving friends,
+
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+  TIMOTHY HATHERLEY.
+
+  Bristoll, March 19. 1629.
+
+
+This mater of y^e buying y^e debts of y^e purchass was parte of M^r.
+Allertons instructions, and in many of them it might have been done to
+good profite for ready pay (as some were); but M^r. Sherley had no mind
+to it. But this bussines aboute Ashley did not a litle trouble them; for
+though he had wite & abillitie enough to menage y^e bussines, yet some
+of them knew him to be a very profane yonge man; and he had for some
+time lived amonge y^e Indeans as a savage, & wente naked amongst them,
+and used their maners (in w^{ch} time he got their language), so they
+feared he might still rune into evill courses (though he promised
+better), and God would not prosper his ways. As soone as he was landed
+at y^e place intended, caled Penobscote, some 4 score leagues from this
+place, he write (& afterwards came) for to desire to be supplyed with
+Wampampeake, corne against winter, and other things. They considered
+these were of their cheefe co[=m]odities, and would be continually
+needed by him, and it would much prejudice their owne trade at Kenebeck
+if they did not joyne with him in y^e ordering of things, if thus they
+should supply him; and on y^e other hand, if they refused to joyne with
+him, and allso to afford any supply unto him, they should greatly offend
+their above named friends, and might hapily lose them hereby; and he and
+M^r. Allerton, laying their craftie wits togither, might gett supplies
+of these things els wher; besids, they considered that if they joyned
+not in y^e bussines, they knew M^r. Allerton would be with them in it, &
+so would swime, as it were, betweene both, to y^e prejudice of boath,
+but of them selves espetially. For they had reason to thinke this
+bussines was cheefly of his contriving, and Ashley was a man fitte for
+his turne and dealings. So they, to prevente a worse mischeefe, resolved
+to joyne in y^e bussines, and gave him supplies in what they could, &
+overlooked his proceedings as well as they could; the which they did y^e
+better, by joyning an honest yonge man,[CO] that came from Leyden, with
+him as his fellow (in some sorte), and not merely as a servante. Which
+yonge man being discreete, and one whom they could trust, they so
+instructed as keept Ashley in some good mesure within bounds. And so
+they returned their answer to their freinds in England, that they
+accepted of their motion, and joyned with them in Ashleys bussines; and
+yet withall tould them what their fears were concerning him.
+
+But when they came to have full notice of all y^e goods brought them
+that year, they saw they fell very short of trading goods, and Ashley
+farr better suppleyed then [171] themselves; so as they were forced to
+buy of the fisher men to furnish them selves, yea, & cottens & carseys &
+other such like cloath (for want of trading cloath) of M^r. Allerton
+himselfe, and so to put away a great parte of their beaver, at under
+rate, in the countrie, which they should have sente home, to help to
+discharge their great ingagementes; which was to their great vexation;
+but M^r. Allerton prayed them to be contente, and y^e nexte yere they
+might have what they would write for. And their ingagmentes of this year
+were great indeed when they came to know them, (which was not wholy till
+2. years after); and that which made them y^e more, M^r. Allerton had
+taken up some large su[=m]es at Bristoll at 50. [p=]^r cent. againe,
+which he excused, that he was forcte to it, because other wise he could
+at y^e spring of year get no goods transported, such were their envie
+against their trade. But wheither this was any more then an excuse, some
+of them doubted; but however, y^e burden did lye on their backs, and
+they must bear it, as they did many heavie loads more in y^e end.
+
+This paying of 50. p^r cent. and dificulty of having their goods
+tr[=a]sported by the fishing ships at y^e first of y^e year, (as was
+beleeved,) which was y^e cheefe season for trade, put them upon another
+projecte. M^r. Allerton, after y^e fishing season was over, light of a
+bargan of salte, at a good fishing place, and bought it; which came to
+aboute 113^li.; and shortly after he might have had 30^li. cleare
+profite for it, without any more trouble aboute it. But M^r. Winslow
+coming that way from Kenebeck, & some other of ther partners with him in
+y^e barke, they mett with M^r. Allerton, and falling into discourse with
+him, they stayed him from selling y^e salte; and resolved, if it might
+please y^e rest, to keep it for them selves, and to hire a ship in y^e
+west cuntrie to come on fishing for them, on shares, according to y^e
+coustome; and seeing she might have her salte here ready, and a stage
+ready builte & fitted wher the salt lay safely landed & housed. In stead
+of bringing salte, they might stowe her full of trading goods, as bread,
+pease, cloth, &c., and so they might have a full supply of goods without
+paing fraight, and in due season, which might turne greatly to their
+advantage. Coming home, this was propounded, and considered on, and
+aproved by all but y^e Gov^r, who had no mind to it, seeing they had
+allway lost by fishing; but y^e rest were so ernest, as thinkeing that
+they might gaine well by y^e fishing in this way; and if they should but
+save, yea, or lose some thing by it, y^e other benefite would be
+advantage inough; so, seeing their ernestnes, he gave way, and it was
+referd to their freinds in England to alow, or disalow it. Of which more
+in its place.
+
+Upon y^e consideration of y^e bussines about y^e paten, & in what state
+it was left, as is before remembred, and M^r. Sherleys ernest pressing
+to have M^r. Allert[=o] to come over againe to finish it, & perfect y^e
+accounts, &c., it was concluded to send him over this year againe;
+though it was with some fear & jeolocie; yet he gave them fair words and
+promises of well performing all their bussineses according to their
+directions, and to mend his former errors. So he was accordingly sent
+with full instructions for all things, with large letters to M^r.
+Sherley & y^e rest, both aboute Ashleys bussines and their owne suply
+with trading comodities, and how much it did concerne them to be
+furnished therwith, & what y^e had suffered for wante therof; and of
+what litle use other goods were [172] in comparison therof; and so
+likewise aboute this fishing ship, to be thus hired, and fraught with
+trading goods, which might both supply them & Ashley, and y^e benefite
+therof; which was left to their consideration to hire & set her out, or
+not; but in no case not to send any, exepte she was thus fraighte with
+trading goods. But what these things came too will appere in y^e next
+years passages.
+
+I had like to have omited an other passage that fell out y^e begining of
+this year. Ther was one M^r. Ralfe Smith, & his wife & familie, y^t came
+over into y^e Bay of y^e Massachusets, and sojourned at presente with
+some stragling people that lived at Natascoe; here being a boat of this
+place putting in ther on some occasion, he ernestly desired that they
+would give him & his, passage for Plimoth, and some such things as they
+could well carrie; having before heard y^t ther was liklyhood he might
+procure house-roome for some time, till he should resolve to setle ther,
+if he might, or els-wher as God should disposs; for he was werie of
+being in y^t uncoth place, & in a poore house y^t would neither keep him
+nor his goods drie. So, seeing him to be a grave man, & understood he
+had been a minister, though they had no order for any such thing, yet
+they presumed and brought him. He was here accordingly kindly
+entertained & housed, & had y^e rest of his goods & servants sente for,
+and exercised his gifts amongst them, and afterwards was chosen into y^e
+ministrie, and so remained for sundrie years.
+
+It was before noted that sundry of those that came from Leyden, came
+over in the ships y^t came to Salem, wher M^r. Endecott had cheefe
+co[=m]and; and by infection that grue amonge y^e passengers at sea, it
+spread also among them a shore, of which many dyed, some of y^e
+scurvie, other of an infectious feaoure, which continued some time
+amongst them (though our people, through Gods goodnes, escaped it). Upon
+which occasion he write hither for some help, understanding here was one
+that had some skill y^t way, & had cured diverse of y^e scurvie, and
+others of other diseases, by letting blood, & other means. Upon which
+his request y^e Gov^r hear sent him unto them, and also write to him,
+from whom he received an answere; the which, because it is breefe, and
+shows y^e begining of their aquaintance, and closing in y^e truth & ways
+of God, I thought it not unmeete, nor without use, hear to inserte it;
+and an other showing y^e begining of their fellowship & church estate
+ther.
+
+Being as followeth.
+
+  Right worthy S^r:
+
+  It is a thing not usuall, that servants to one m^r and of y^e same
+  houshold should be strangers; I assure you I desire it not, nay, to
+  speake more plainly, I cannot be so to you. Gods people are all marked
+  with one and y^e same marke, and sealed with one and y^e same seale,
+  and have for y^e maine, one & y^e same harte, guided by one & same
+  spirite of truth; and wher this is, ther can be no discorde, nay, here
+  must needs be sweete harmonie. And y^e same request (with you) I make
+  unto y^e Lord, that we may, as Christian breethren, be united by a
+  heavenly & unfained love; bending all our harts and forces in
+  furthering a worke beyond our strength, with reverence & fear,
+  fastening our eyse allways on him that only is able to directe and
+  prosper all our ways. I acknowledge my selfe much bound to you for
+  your kind love and care in sending M^r. Fuller among us, and rejoyce
+  much y^t I am by him satisfied touching your judgments of y^e outward
+  forme of Gods worshipe. It is, as farr as [173] I can yet gather, no
+  other then is warrented by y^e evidence of truth, and y^e same which I
+  have proffessed and maintained ever since y^e Lord in mercie revealed
+  him selfe unto me; being farr from y^e commone reporte that hath been
+  spread of you touching that perticuler. But Gods children must not
+  looke for less here below, and it is y^e great mercie of God, that he
+  strengthens them to goe through with it. I shall not neede at this
+  time to be tedious unto you, for, God willing, I purpose to see your
+  face shortly. In y^e mean time, I humbly take my leave of you,
+  co[=m]iting you to y^e Lords blessed protection, & rest.
+
+  Your assured loving friend,
+  JO: ENDECOTT.
+
+  Naumkeak, May 11. An^o. 1629.
+
+
+This second leter sheweth ther proceedings in their church affaires at
+Salem, which was y^e 2. church erected in these parts; and afterwards
+y^e Lord established many more in sundrie places.
+
+  S^r: I make bould to trouble you with a few lines, for to certifie you
+  how it hath pleased God to deale with us, since you heard from us.
+  How, notwithstanding all opposition that hath been hear, & els wher,
+  it hath pleased God to lay a foundation, the which I hope is agreeable
+  to his word in every thing. The 20. of July, it pleased y^e Lord to
+  move y^e hart of our Gov^r to set it aparte for a solemne day of
+  humilliation for y^e choyce of a pastor & teacher. The former parte of
+  y^e day being spente in praier & teaching, the later parte aboute y^e
+  election, which was after this maner. The persons thought on (who had
+  been ministers in England) were demanded concerning their callings;
+  they acknowledged ther was a towfould calling, the one an inward
+  calling, when y^e Lord moved y^e harte of a man to take y^t calling
+  upon him, and fitted him with guiftes for y^e same; the second was an
+  outward calling, which was from y^e people, when a company of
+  beleevers are joyned togither in covenante, to walke togither in all
+  y^e ways of God, and every member (being men) are to have a free voyce
+  in y^e choyce of their officers, &c. Now, we being perswaded that
+  these 2. men were so quallified, as y^e apostle speaks to Timothy,
+  wher he saith, A bishop must be blamles, sober, apte to teach, &c., I
+  thinke I may say, as y^e eunuch said unto Philip, What should let from
+  being baptised, seeing ther was water? and he beleeved. So these 2.
+  servants of God, clearing all things by their answers, (and being thus
+  fitted,) we saw noe reason but we might freely give our voyces for
+  their election, after this triall. So M^r. Skelton was chosen pastor,
+  and M^r. Higgison to be teacher; and they accepting y^e choyce, M^r.
+  Higgison, with 3. or 4. of y^e gravest members of y^e church, laid
+  their hands on M^r. Skelton, using prayer therwith. This being done,
+  ther was imposission of hands on M^r. Higgison also. And since that
+  time, Thursday (being, as I take it, y^e 6. of August) is appoynted
+  for another day of humilliation, for y^e choyce of elders & deacons, &
+  ordaining of them.
+
+  And now, good S^r, I hope y^t you & y^e rest of Gods people (who are
+  aquainted with the ways of God) with you, will say that hear was a
+  right foundation layed, and that these 2. blessed servants of y^e Lord
+  came in at y^e dore, and not at y^e window. Thus I have made bould to
+  trouble you with these few lines, desiring you to remember us, &c. And
+  so rest,
+
+  At your service in what I may,
+  CHARLES GOTT.
+
+  Salem, July 30. 1629.
+
+[174] _Anno Dom_: 1630.
+
+Ashley, being well supplyed, had quickly gathered a good parcell of
+beaver, and like a crafty pate he sent it all home, and would not pay
+for y^e goods he had had of y^e plantation hear, but lett them stand
+still on y^e score, and tooke up still more. Now though they well enough
+knew his aime, yet they let him goe on, and write of it into England.
+But partly y^e beaver they received, & sould, (of which they weer
+sencible,) and partly by M^r. Allertons extolling of him, they cast more
+how to supplie him then y^e plantation, and something to upbraid them
+with it. They were forct to buy him a barke allso, and to furnish her
+w^th a m^r. & men, to transports his corne & provissions (of which he
+put of much); for y^e Indeans of those parts have no corne growing, and
+at harvest, after corne is ready, y^e weather grows foule, and y^e seas
+dangerous, so as he could doe litle good with his shallope for y^t
+purposs.
+
+They looked ernestly for a timely supply this spring, by the fishing
+ship which they expected, and had been at charg to keepe a stage for
+her; but none came, nor any supply heard of for them. At length they
+heard sume supply was sent to Ashley by a fishing ship, at which they
+something marvelled, and the more y^t they had no letters either from
+M^r. Allerton or M^r. Sherley; so they went on in their bussines as well
+as y^e could. At last they heard of M^r. Peirce his arivall in y^e Bay
+of y^e Massachusetts, who brought passengers & goods thither. They
+presently sent a shallop, conceiving they should have some thing by him.
+But he tould them he had none; and a ship was sett out on fishing, but
+after 11. weeks beating at sea, she mett with shuch foull weather as she
+was forcte back againe for England, and, y^e season being over, gave off
+y^e vioage. Neither did he hear of much goods in her for y^e plantation,
+or y^t she did belong to them, for he had heard some thing from M^r.
+Allerton tending that way. But M^r. Allerton had bought another ship,
+and was to come in her, and was to fish for bass to y^e eastward, and to
+bring goods, &c. These things did much trouble them, and half astonish
+them. M^r. Winslow haveing been to y^e eastward, brought nuese of the
+like things, w^th some more perticulers, and y^t it was like M^r.
+Allerton would be late before he came. At length they, having an
+oppertunitie, resolved to send M^r. Winslow, with what beaver they had
+ready, into England, to see how y^e squars wente, being very jeolouse of
+these things, & M^r. Allertons courses; and writ shuch leters, and gave
+him shuch instructions, as they thought meet; and if he found things not
+well, to discharge M^r. Allerton for being any longer agent for them, or
+to deal any more in y^e bussines, and to see how y^e accounts stood, &c.
+
+Aboute y^e midle of so[=m]er arrives M^r. Hatherley in y^e Bay of y^e
+Massachusetts, (being one of y^e partners,) and came over in y^e same
+ship that was set out on fhishing (called y^e Frendship). They presently
+sent to him, making no question but now they had goods come, and should
+know how all things stood. But they found [175] the former news true,
+how this ship had been so long at sea, and spente and spoyled her
+provissions, and overthrowne y^e viage. And he being sent over by y^e
+rest of y^e partners, to see how things wente hear, being at Bristoll
+with M^r. Allerton, in y^e shipe bought (called y^e White-Angell), ready
+to set sayle, over night came a messenger from Bastable to M^r.
+Allerton, and tould him of y^e returne of y^e ship, and what had
+befallen. And he not knowing what to doe, having a great chareg under
+hand, y^e ship lying at his rates, and now ready to set sayle, got him
+to goe and discharg y^e ship, and take order for y^e goods. To be short,
+they found M^r. Hatherley some thing reserved, and troubled in him
+selfe, (M^r. Allerton not being ther,) not knowing how to dispose of y^e
+goods till he came; but he heard he was arived with y^e other ship to
+y^e eastward, and expected his coming. But he tould them ther was not
+much for them in this ship, only 2. packs of Bastable ruggs, and 2.
+hoggsheads of meatheglin, drawne out in wooden flackets (but when these
+flackets came to be received, ther was left but 6. gallons of y^e 2.
+hogsheads, it being drunke up under y^e name leackage, and so lost).
+But the ship was filled with goods for sundrie gentlemen, & others,
+that were come to plant in y^e Massachusets, for which they payed
+fraight by y^e tun. And this was all the satisfaction they could have at
+presente, so they brought this small parcell of goods & returned with
+this nues, and a letter as obscure; which made them much to marvell
+therat. The letter was as followeth.
+
+  Gentle-men, partners, and loving friends, &c.
+
+  Breefly thus: wee have this year set forth a fishing ship, and a
+  trading ship, which later we have bought; and so have disbursed a
+  great deale of money, as may and will appeare by y^e accounts. And
+  because this ship (called y^e White Angell) is to acte 2. parts, (as I
+  may say,) fishing for bass, and trading; and that while M^r. Allerton
+  was imployed aboute y^e trading, the fishing might suffer by carlesnes
+  or neglecte of y^e sailors, we have entreated your and our loving
+  friend, M^r. Hatherley, to goe over with him, knowing he will be a
+  comforte to M^r. Allerton, a joye to you, to see a carfull and loving
+  friend, and a great stay to y^e bussines; and so great contente to us,
+  that if it should please God y^e one should faile, (as God forbid,)
+  yet y^e other would keepe both recconings, and things uprighte. For we
+  are now out great sumes of money, as they will acquainte you withall,
+  &c. When we were out but 4. or 5. hundred pounds a peece, we looked
+  not much after it, but left it to you, & your agente, (who, without
+  flaterie, deserveth infinite thanks & comendations, both of you & us,
+  for his pains, &c.); but now we are out double, nay, trible a peece,
+  some of us, &c.; which maks us both write, and send over our friend,
+  M^r. Hatherley, whom we pray you to entertaine kindly, of which we
+  doubte not of. The main end of sending him is to see y^e state and
+  accounte of all y^e bussines, of all which we pray you informe him
+  fully, though y^e ship & bussines wayte for it and him. For we should
+  take it very unkindly that we should intreat him to take such a
+  journey, and that, when it pleaseth God he returnes, he could not give
+  us contente & satisfaction in this perticuler, through defaulte of any
+  of you. [176] But we hope you will so order bussines, as neither he
+  nor we shall have cause to complaine, but to doe as we ever have done,
+  thinke well of you all, &c. I will not promise, but shall indeaour &
+  hope to effecte y^e full desire and grant of your patente, & that ere
+  it be longe. I would not have you take any thing unkindly. I have not
+  write out of jeolocie of any unjuste dealing. Be you all kindly
+  saluted in y^e Lord, so I rest,
+
+  Yours in what I may,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  March 25. 1630.
+
+It needs not be thought strange, that these things should amase and
+trouble them; first, that this fishing ship should be set out, and
+fraight with other mens goods, & scarce any of theirs; seeing their
+maine end was (as is before remembred) to bring them a full supply, and
+their speatiall order not to sett out any excepte this was done. And now
+a ship to come on their accounte, clean contrary to their both end &
+order, was a misterie they could not understand; and so much y^e worse,
+seeing she had shuch ill success as to lose both her vioage &
+provissions. The 2. thing, that another ship should be bought and sente
+out on new designes, a thing not so much as once thought on by any
+here, much less, not a word intimated or spoaken of by any here, either
+by word or letter, neither could they imagine why this should be. Bass
+fishing was never lookt at by them, but as soone as ever they heard on
+it, they looked at it as a vaine thing, that would certainly turne to
+loss. And for M^r. Allerton to follow any trade for them, it was never
+in their thoughts. And 3^ly, that their fri[=e]ds should complaine of
+disbursements, and yet rune into such great things, and charge of
+shiping & new projects of their owne heads, not only without, but
+against, all order & advice, was to them very strang. And 4^ly, that all
+these matters of so great charg & imployments should be thus wrapped up
+in a breefe and obscure letter, they knew not what to make of it. But
+amids all their doubts they must have patience till M^r. Allerton & M^r.
+Hatherley should come. In y^e mean time M^r. Winslow was gone for
+England; and others of them were forst to folow their imployments with
+y^e best means they had, till they could hear of better.
+
+At length M^r. Hatherley & M^r. Allerton came unto them, (after they had
+delivered their goods,) and finding them strucken with some sadnes
+aboute these things, M^r. Allerton tould them that y^e ship Whit-Angele
+did not belong to them, nor their accounte, neither neede they have any
+thing to doe with her, excepte they would. And M^r. Hatherley confirmed
+y^e same, and said that they would have had him to have had a parte,
+but he refused; but he made question whether they would not turne her
+upon y^e generall accounte, if ther came loss (as he now saw was like),
+seeing M^r. Allerton laid downe this course, and put them on this
+projecte. But for y^e fishing ship, he tould them they need not be so
+much troubled, for he had her accounts here, and showed them that her
+first seting out came not much to exceed 600^li. as they might see by
+y^e accounte, which he showed them; and for this later viage, it would
+arrise to profite by y^e fraight of the goods, and y^e salle of some
+katle which he shiped and had allready sould, & was to be paid for
+partly here & partly by bills into England, so as they should not have
+this put on their acounte at all, except they [178][CP] would. And for
+y^e former, he had sould so much goods out of her in England, and
+imployed y^e money in this 2. viage, as it, togeither with such goods &
+implements as M^r. Allerton must need aboute his fishing, would rise to
+a good parte of y^e money; for he must have y^e sallt and nets, allso
+spiks, nails, &c.; all which would rise to nere 400^li; so, with y^e
+bearing of their parts of y^e rest of the loses (which would not be much
+above 200^li.), they would clear them of this whole accounte. Of which
+motion they were glad, not being willing to have any accounts lye upon
+them; but aboute their trade, which made them willing to harken
+therunto, and demand of M^r. Hatherley how he could make this good, if
+they should agree their unto, he tould them he was sent over as their
+agente, and had this order from them, that whatsoever he and M^r.
+Allerton did togeather, they would stand to it; but they would not alow
+of what M^r. Allerton did alone, except they liked it; but if he did it
+alone, they would not gaine say it. Upon which they sould to him & M^r.
+Allerton all y^e rest of y^e goods, and gave them present possession of
+them; and a writing was made, and confirmed under both M^r. Hatherleys
+and M^r. Allertons hands, to y^e effecte afforesaide. And M^r.
+Allertone, being best aquainted w^th y^e people, sould away presenly all
+shuch goods as he had no need of for y^e fishing, as 9. shallop sails,
+made of good new canvas, and y^e roads for them being all new, with
+sundry such usefull goods, for ready beaver, by M^r. Hatherleys
+allowance. And thus they thought they had well provided for them selvs.
+Yet they rebuked M^r. Allerton very much for runing into these courses,
+fearing y^e success of them. M^r. Allerton & M^r. Hatherley brought to
+y^e towne with them (after he had sould what he could abroad) a great
+quantity of other goods besids trading comodities; as linen cloath,
+bedticks, stockings, tape, pins, ruggs, &c., and tould them they were to
+have them, if they would; but they tould M^r. Allerton that they had
+forbid him before for bringing any such on their accounte; it would
+hinder their trade and returnes. But he & M^r. Hatherley said, if they
+would not have them, they would sell them, them selves, and take corne
+for what they could not otherwise sell. They tould them they might, if
+they had order for it. The goods of one sorte & other came to upward of
+500^li.
+
+After these things, Mr. Allerton wente to y^e ship aboute his bass
+fishing; and M^r. Hatherley, (according to his order,) after he tooke
+knowledg how things stood at y^e plantation, (of all which they informed
+him fully,) he then desired a boate of them to goe and visite y^e
+trading houeses, both Kenebeck, and Ashley at Penobscote; for so they in
+England had injoyned him. They accordingly furnished him with a boate &
+men for y^e viage, and aquainted him plainly & thorowly with all things;
+by which he had good contente and satisfaction, and saw plainly that
+M^r. Allerton plaid his owne game, and rane a course not only to y^e
+great wrong & detrimente of y^e plantation, who imployed & trusted him,
+but abused them in England also, in possessing them with prejudice
+against y^e plantation; as y^t, they would never be able to repaye their
+moneys (in regard of their great charge), but if [179] they would follow
+his advice and projects, he & Ashley (being well supplyed) would quickly
+bring in their moneys with good advantage. Mr. Hatherley disclosed also
+a further projecte aboute y^e setting out of this ship, y^e
+White-angell; how, she being wel fitted with good ordnance, and known to
+have made a great fight at sea (when she belongd to Bristoll) and caried
+away the victory, they had agreed (by M^r. Allerton's means) that,
+after she had brought a fraight of goods here into the countrie, and
+fraight her selfe with fish, she should goe from hence to Port of
+porte,[CQ] and ther be sould, both ship, goods, and ordenance; and had,
+for this end, had speech with a factore of those parts, beforehand, to
+whom she should have been consigned. But this was prevented at this
+time, (after it was known,) partly by y^e contrary advice given by their
+freinds hear to M^r. Allerton & M^r. Hatherley, showing how it might
+insnare their friends in England, (being men of estate,) if it should
+come to be knowne; and for y^e plantation, they did and would disalow
+it, and protest against it; and partly by their bad viage, for they both
+came too late to doe any good for fishing, and allso had such a wicked
+and drunken company as neither M^r. Allerton nor any els could rule; as
+M^r. Hatherley, to his great greefe & shame, saw, & beheld, and all
+others that came nere them.
+
+Ashley likwise was taken in a trape, (before M^r. Hatherley returned,)
+for trading powder & shote with y^e Indeans; and was ceased upon by some
+in authoritie, who allso would have confiscated above a thousand weight
+of beaver; but y^e goods were freed, for y^e Governer here made it
+appere, by a bond under Ashleys hand, wherin he was bound to them in
+500^li. not to trade any munition with the Indeans, or other wise to
+abuse him selfe; it was also manifest against him that he had co[=m]ited
+uncleannes with Indean women, (things that they feared at his first
+imployment, which made them take this strict course with him in y^e
+begining); so, to be shorte, they gott their goods freed, but he was
+sent home prisoner. And that I may make an end concerning him, after
+some time of imprisonmente in y^e Fleet, by y^e means of friends he was
+set at liberty, and intended to come over againe, but y^e Lord prevented
+it; for he had a motion made to him, by some marchants, to goe into
+Russia, because he had such good skill in y^e beaver trade, the which he
+accepted of, and in his returne home was cast away at sea; this was his
+end.
+
+M^r. Hatherley, fully understanding y^e state of all things, had good
+satisfaction, and could well informe them how all things stood betweene
+M^r. Allerton and y^e plantation. Yea, he found that M^r. Allerton had
+gott within him, and [180] got all the goods into his owne hands, for
+which M^r. Hatherley stood joyntly ingaged to them hear, aboute y^e
+ship-Fre[=i]dship, as also most of y^e fraigte money, besids some of his
+owne perticuler estate; about w^ch more will appear here after. So he
+returned into England, and they sente a good quantity of beaver with him
+to y^e rest of y^e partners; so both he and it was very wellcome unto
+them.
+
+M^r. Allerton followed his affaires, & returned with his White Angell,
+being no more imployed by y^e plantation; but these bussinesses were
+not ended till many years after, nor well understood of a longe time,
+but foulded up in obscuritie, & kepte in y^e clouds, to y^e great loss &
+vexation of y^e plantation, who in y^e end were (for peace sake) forced
+to bear y^e unjust burthen of them, to their allmost undoing, as will
+appear, if God give life to finish this history.
+
+They sent their letters also by M^r. Hatherley to y^e partners ther, to
+show them how M^r. Hatherley & M^r. Allerton had discharged them of y^e
+Friendships accounte, and that they boath affirmed y^t the White-Angell
+did not at all belong to them; and therfore desired that their accounte
+might not be charged therwith. Also they write to M^r. Winslow, their
+agente, that he in like maner should (in their names) protest against
+it, if any such thing should be intended, for they would never yeeld to
+y^e same. As allso to signifie to them that they renounsed M^r. Allerton
+wholy, for being their agente, or to have any thing to doe in any of
+their bussines.
+
+This year John Billinton y^e elder (one that came over with y^e first)
+was arrained, and both by grand & petie jurie found guilty of willfull
+murder, by plaine & notorious evidence. And was for the same accordingly
+executed.[CR] This, as it was y^e first execution amongst them, so was
+it a mater of great sadnes unto them. They used all due means about his
+triall, and tooke y^e advice of M^r. Winthrop and other y^e ablest
+gentle-men in y^e Bay of y^e Massachusets, that were then new-ly come
+over, who concured with them y^t he ought to dye, and y^e land to be
+purged from blood. He and some of his had been often punished for
+miscariags before, being one of the profanest families amongst them.
+They came from London, and I know not by what freinds shufled into their
+company. His facte was, that he way-laid a yong-man, one John New-comin,
+(about a former quarell,) and shote him with a gune, wherof he dyed.[CS]
+
+Having by a providence a letter or to y^t came to my hands concerning
+the proceedings of their Re^d freinds in y^e Bay of y^e Massachusets,
+who were latly come over, I thought it not amise here to inserte them,
+(so farr as is pertenente, and may be usefull for after times,) before I
+conclude this year.
+
+  S^r: Being at Salem the 25. of July, being y^e saboath, after y^e
+  evening exercise, M^r. Johnson received a letter from y^e Governor,
+  Mr. John Winthrop, manifesting y^e hand of God to be upon them, and
+  against them at Charles-towne, in visiting them with sicknes, and
+  taking diverse from amongst them, not sparing y^e righteous, but
+  partaking with y^e wicked in these bodily judgments. It was therfore
+  by his desire taken into y^e Godly consideration of y^e best hear,
+  what was to be done to pacifie y^e Lords wrath, &c. Wher it was
+  concluded, that the Lord was to be sought in righteousnes; and to that
+  end, y^e 6. day (being Friday) of this present weeke, is set aparte,
+  that they may humble them selves before God, and seeke him in his
+  ordenances; and that then also such godly persons that are amongst
+  them, and kno[=w] each to other, may publickly, at y^e end of their
+  exercise, make known their Godly desire, and practise y^e same, viz.
+  sole[=m]ly to enter into [181] covenante with y^e Lord to walke in his
+  ways. And since they are so disposed of in their outward estats, as to
+  live in three distinct places, each having men of abilitie amongst
+  them, ther to observe y^e day, and become 3. distincte bodys; not then
+  intending rashly to proceed to y^e choyce of officers, or y^e
+  admitting of any other to their societie then a few, to witte, such as
+  are well knowne unto them; promising after to receive in such by
+  confession of faith, as shall appeare to be fitly qualified for y
+  estate. They doe ernestly entreate that y^e church of Plimoth would
+  set apparte y^e same day, for y^e same ends, beseeching y^e Lord, as
+  to withdraw his hand of correction from them, so also to establish and
+  direct them in his wayes. And though y^e time be shorte, we pray you
+  be provocked to this godly worke, seing y^e causes are so urgente;
+  wherin God will be honoured, and they & we undoubtedly have sweete
+  comforte. Be you all kindly saluted, &c.
+
+  Your brethren in Christ, &c.
+
+  Salem, July 26. 1630.
+
+  S^r: etc. The sadd news here is, that many are sicke, and many are
+  dead; y^e Lord in mercie looke upon them. Some are here entered into
+  church covenante; the first were 4. namly, y^e Gov^r, M^r. John
+  Winthrop, M^r. Johnson, M^r. Dudley, and M^r. Willson; since that 5.
+  more are joyned unto them, and others, it is like, will adde them
+  selves to them dayly; the Lord increase them, both in number and in
+  holines for his mercie sake. Here is a gentleman, one M^r. Cottington,
+  (a Boston man,) who tould me, that M^r. Cottons charge at Hamton was,
+  that they should take advise of them at Plimoth, and should doe
+  nothing to offend them. Here are diverce honest Christians that are
+  desirous to see us, some out of love which they bear to us, and y^e
+  good perswasion they have of us; others to see whether we be so ill as
+  they have heard of us. We have a name of holines, and love to God and
+  his saincts; the Lord make us more and more answerable, and that it
+  may be more then a name, or els it will doe us no good. Be you
+  lovingly saluted, and all the rest of our friends. The Lord Jesus
+  blese us, and y^e whole Israll of God. Amen.
+
+  Your loving brother, &c.
+
+  Charles-towne, Aug. 2. 1630.
+
+Thus out of smalle beginings greater things have been prodused by his
+hand y^t made all things of nothing, and gives being to all things that
+are; and as one small candle may light a thousand, so y^e light here
+kindled hath shone to many, yea in some sorte to our whole nation; let
+y^e glorious name of Jehova have all y^e praise.
+
+[182] _Anno Dom_: 1631.
+
+Ashley being thus by y^e hand of God taken away, and M^r. Allerton
+discharged of his imploymente for them, their bussines began againe to
+rune in one chanell, and them selves better able to guide the same,
+Penobscote being wholy now at their disposing. And though M^r. William
+Peirce had a parte ther as is before noted, yet now, as things stood, he
+was glad to have his money repayed him, and stand out. M^r. Winslow,
+whom they had sent over, sent them over some supply as soone as he
+could; and afterwards when he came, which was something longe by reason
+of bussines, he brought a large supply of suitable goods with him, by
+which ther trading was well carried on. But by no means either he, or
+y^e letters y^ey write, could take off M^r. Sherley & y^e rest from
+putting both y^e Friendship and Whit-Angell on y^e generall accounte;
+which caused continuall contention betweene them, as will more appeare.
+
+I shall inserte a leter of M^r. Winslow's about these things, being as
+foloweth.
+
+  S^r: It fell out by Gods providence, y^t I received and brought your
+  leters p^r M^r. Allerton from Bristoll, to London; and doe much feare
+  what will be y^e event of things. M^r. Allerton intended to prepare
+  y^e ship againe, to set forth upon fishing. M^r. Sherley, M^r.
+  Beachamp, & M^r. Andrews, they renounce all perticulers, protesting
+  but for us they would never have adventured one penie into those
+  parts; M^r. Hatherley stands inclinable to either. And wheras you
+  write that he and M^r. Allerton have taken y^e Whit-Angell upon them,
+  for their partners here, they professe they neiver gave any such
+  order, nor will make it good; if them selves will cleare y^e accounte
+  & doe it, all shall be well. What y^e evente of these things will be,
+  I know not. The Lord so directe and assiste us, as he may not be
+  dishonoured by our divissions. I hear (p^r a friend) that I was much
+  blamed for speaking w^t[CT] I heard in y^e spring of y^e year,
+  concerning y^e buying & setting forth of y^t ship;[CU] sure, if I
+  should not have tould you what I heard so peremtorly reported (which
+  report I offered now to prove at Bristoll), I should have been
+  unworthy my imploymente. And concerning y^e commission so long since
+  given to M^r. Allerton, the truth is, the thing we feared is come upon
+  us; for M^r. Sherley & y^e rest have it, and will not deliver it, that
+  being y^e ground of our agents credite to procure shuch great sumes.
+  But I looke for bitter words, hard thoughts, and sower looks, from
+  sundrie, as well for writing this, as reporting y^e former. I would I
+  had a more thankfull imploymente; but I hope a good conscience shall
+  make it comefortable, &c.
+
+Thus farr he. Dated Nov: 16. 1631.
+
+The comission above said was given by them under their hand and seale,
+when M^r. Allerton was first imployed by them, and redemanded of him in
+y^e year 29. when they begane to suspecte his course. He tould them it
+was amongst his papers, but he would seeke it out & give it them before
+he wente. But he being ready to goe, it was demanded againe. He said he
+could not find it, but it was amongst his papers, which he must take
+w^th him, [183] and he would send it by y^e boat from y^e eastward; but
+ther it could not be had neither, but he would seeke it up at sea. But
+whether M^r. Sherley had it before or after, it is not certaine; but
+having it, he would not let it goe, but keeps it to this day. Wherfore,
+even amongst freinds, men had need be carfull whom they trust, and not
+lett things of this nature lye long unrecaled.
+
+_Some parts of M^r. Sherley's letters aboute these things, in which y^e
+truth is best manifested._
+
+  Sir: Yours I have received by our loving friends, M^r. Allerton & M^r.
+  Hatherley, who, blesed be God, after a long & dangerous passage with
+  y^e ship Angell, are safely come to Bristoll. M^r. Hatherley is come
+  up, but M^r. Allerton I have not yet seen. We thanke you, and are very
+  glad you have disswaded him from his Spanish viage, and y^t he did not
+  goe on in these designes he intended; for we did all uterly dislick of
+  that course, as allso of y^e fishing y^t y^e Freindship should have
+  performed; for we wished him to sell y^e salte, and were unwilling to
+  have him undertake so much bussines, partly for y^e ill success we
+  formerly had in those affairs, and partly being loath to disburse so
+  much money. But he perswaded us this must be one way y^t must repay
+  us, for y^e plantation would be long in doing of it; ney, to my
+  rememberance, he doubted you could not be able, with y^e trade ther,
+  to maintaine your charge & pay us. And for this very cause he brought
+  us on y^t bussines with Ed: Ashley, for he was a stranger to us, &c.
+
+  For y^e fishing ship, we are sorie it proves so heavie, and will be
+  willing to bear our parts. What M^r. Hatherley & M^r. Allerton have
+  done, no doubt but them selves will make good;[CV] we gave them no
+  order to make any composition, to seperate you and us in this or any
+  other. And I thinke you have no cause to forsake us, for we put you
+  upon no new thing, but what your agent perswaded us to, & you by your
+  letters desired. If he exceede your order, I hope you will not blame
+  us, much less cast us of, when our moneys be layed out, &c. But I fear
+  neither you nor we have been well delte withall, for sure, as you
+  write, halfe 4000^li.?, nay, a quarter, in fitting comodities, and in
+  seasonable time, would have furnished you beter then you were. And yet
+  for all this, and much more I might write, I dare not but thinke him
+  honest, and that his desire and intente was good; but y^e wisest may
+  faile. Well, now y^t it hath pleased God to give us hope of meeting,
+  doubte not but we will all indeavore to perfecte these accounts just &
+  right, as soone as possibly we can. And I supposs you sente over M^r.
+  Winslow, and we M^r. Hatherley, to certifie each other how y^e state
+  of things stood. We have received some contente upon M^r. Hatherley's
+  returne, and I hope you will receive good contente upon M^r.
+  Winslow's returne. Now I should come to answer more perticulerly your
+  letter, but herin I shall be very breefe. The coming of y^e White
+  Angele on your accounte could not be more strang to you, then y^e
+  buying of her was to us; for you gave him commission[CW] that what he
+  did you would stand too; we gave him none, and yet for his credite,
+  and your saks, payed what bills he charged on us, &c. For y^t I write
+  she was to acte tow parts, fishing & trade; beleeve me, I never so
+  much as thought of any perticuler trade, nor will side with any y^t
+  doth, if I conceive it may wrong you; for I ever was against it,
+  useing these words: They will eate up and destroy y^e generall.
+
+Other things I omite as tedious, and not very pertenente. This was dated
+Nov^r. 19. 1631.
+
+In an other leter bearing date y^e 24. of this month, being an answer to
+y^e generall order, he hath these words:--
+
+  [184] For y^e White Angell, against which you write so ernestly, and
+  say we thrust her upon you, contrary to y^e intente of y^e buyer,
+  herin we say you forgett your selves, and doe us wrong. We will not
+  take uppon us to devine what y^e thougts or intents of y^e buyer was,
+  but what he spack we heard, and that we will affirme, and make good
+  against any y^t oppose it; which is, y^t unles shee were bought, and
+  shuch a course taken, Ashley could not be supplyed; and againe, if he
+  weer not supplyed, we could not be satisfied what we were out for you.
+  And further, you were not able to doe it; and he gave some reasons
+  which we spare to relate, unless by your unreasonable refusall you
+  will force us, and so, hasten y^t fire which is a kindling too fast
+  allready, &c.
+
+_Out of another of his, bearing date Jan. 2. 1631._
+
+  We purpose to keep y^e Freindship and y^e Whit Angell, for y^e last
+  year viages, on the generall accounte, hoping togeither they will
+  rather produse profite then loss, and breed less confution in our
+  accounts, and less disturbance in our affections. As for y^e White
+  Angell, though we layed out y^e money, and tooke bills of salle in our
+  owne names, yet none of us had so much as a thought (I dare say) of
+  deviding from you in any thing this year, because we would not have
+  y^e world (I may say Bristoll) take notice of any breach betwixte M^r.
+  Allerton and you, and he and us; and so disgrace him in his
+  proceedings on[CX] in his intended viage. We have now let him y^e ship
+  at 30^li. p^r month, by charter-partie, and bound him in a bond of a
+  1000^li. to performe covenants, and bring her to London (if God
+  please). And what he brings in her for you, shall be marked w^th your
+  marke, and bils of laden taken, & sent in M^r. Winslows letter, who is
+  this day riding to Bristoll about it. So in this viage, we deale & are
+  with him as strangers. He hath brought in 3. books of accounts, one
+  for y^e company, an other for Ashley's bussines, and y^e third for y^e
+  Whit-Angell and Freindship. The books, or coppies, we purpose to send
+  you, for you may discover y^e errours in them better then we. We can
+  make it appear how much money he hath had of us, and you can charg him
+  with all y^e beaver he hath had of you. The totall sume, as he hath
+  put it, is 7103. 17. 1. Of this he hath expended, and given to Mr.
+  Vines & others, aboute 543^li. ode money, and then by your books you
+  will find whether you had such, & so much goods, as he chargeth you
+  with all; and this is all that I can say at presente concerning these
+  accounts. He thought to dispatch them in a few howers, but he and
+  Straton & Fogge were above a month aboute them; but he could not stay
+  till we had examined them, for losing his fishing viage, which I fear
+  he hath allready done, &c.
+
+  We blese God, who put both you & us in mind to send each to other, for
+  verily had he rune on in that desperate & chargable course one year
+  more, we had not been able to suport him; nay, both he and we must
+  have lyen in y^e ditch, and sunck under y^e burthen, &c. Had ther been
+  an orderly course taken, and your bussines better managed, assuredly
+  (by y^e blessing of God) you had been y^e ablest plantation that, as
+  we think, or know, hath been undertaken by Englishmen, &c.
+
+Thus farr of these letters of M^r. Sherley's.[CY]
+
+[185] A few observations from y^e former letters, and then I shall set
+downe the simple truth of y^e things (thus in controversie betweene
+them), at least as farr as by any good evidence it could be made to
+appeare; and so laboure to be breefe in so tedious and intricate a
+bussines, which hunge in expostulation betweene them many years before
+y^e same was ended. That though ther will be often occasion to touch
+these things about other passages, yet I shall not neede to be large
+therin; doing it hear once for all.
+
+First, it seemes to appere clearly that Ashley's bussines, and y^e
+buying of this ship, and y^e courses framed ther upon, were first
+contrived and proposed by M^r. Allerton, as also y^t the pleaes and
+pretences which he made, of y^e inablitie of y^e plantation to repaye
+their moneys, &c., and y^e hops he gave them of doing it with profile,
+was more beleeved & rested on by them (at least some of them) then any
+thing y^e plantation did or said.
+
+2. It is like, though M^r. Allerton might thinke not to wrong y^e
+plantation in y^e maine, yet his owne gaine and private ends led him a
+side in these things: for it came to be knowne, and I have it in a
+letter under M^r. Sherley's hand, that in y^e first 2. or 3. years of
+his imploymente, he had cleared up 400^li. and put it into a brew-house
+of M^r. Colliers in London, at first under M^r. Sherley's name, &c.;
+besids what he might have other wise. Againe, M^r. Sherley and he had
+perticuler dealings in some things; for he bought up y^e beaver that
+sea-men & other passengers brought over to Bristoll, and at other
+places, and charged y^e bills to London, which M^r. Sherley payed; and
+they got some time 50^li. a peece in a bargen, as was made knowne by
+M^r. Hatherley & others, besids what might be other wise; which might
+make M^r. Sherley harken unto him in many things; and yet I beleeve, as
+he in his forementioned leter write, he never would side in any
+perticuler trade w^ch he conceived would wrong y^e plantation, and eate
+up & destroy y^e generall.
+
+3^ly. It may be perceived that, seeing they had done so much for y^e
+plantation, both in former adventures and late disbursements, and allso
+that M^r. Allerton was y^e first occasioner of bringing them upon these
+new designes, which at first seemed faire & profitable unto them, and
+unto which they agreed; but now, seeing them to turne to loss, and
+decline to greater intanglments, they thought it more meete for y^e
+plantation to bear them, then them selves, who had borne much in other
+things allready, and so tooke advantage of such comission & power as
+M^r. Allerton had formerly had as their agente, to devolve these things
+upon them.
+
+4^ly. With pitie and compassion (touching M^r. Allerton) I may say with
+y^e apostle to Timothy, 1. Tim. 6. 9. _They that will be rich fall into
+many temtations and snares, &c., and pearce them selves throw with many
+sorrows, &c.; for the love of money is y^e roote of all evill_, v. 10.
+God give him to see y^e evill in his failings, that he may find mercie
+by repentance for y^e wrongs he hath done to any, and this pore
+plantation in spetiall. They that doe such things doe not only bring
+them selves into snares, and sorrows, but many with them, (though in an
+other kind,) as lamentable experience shows; and is too manifest in this
+bussines.
+
+[186] Now about these ships & their setting forth, the truth, as farr as
+could be learned, is this. The motion aboute setting forth y^e fishing
+ship (caled y^e Frindship) came first from y^e plantation, and y^e
+reasons of it, as is before remembered; but wholy left to them selves to
+doe or not to doe, as they saw cause. But when it fell into
+consideration, and y^e designe was held to be profitable and hopefull,
+it was propounded by some of them, why might not they doe it of them
+selves, seeing they must disburse all y^e money, and what need they have
+any refferance to y^e plantation in y^t; they might take y^e profile
+them selves, towards other losses, & need not let y^e plantation share
+therin; and if their ends were other wise answered for their supplyes to
+come too them in time, it would be well enough. So they hired her, & set
+her out, and fraighted her as full as she could carry with passengers
+goods y^t belonged to y^e Massachussets, which rise to a good sume of
+money; intending to send y^e plantations supply in y^e other ship. The
+effecte of this M^r. Hatherley not only declared afterward upon
+occasion, but affirmed upon othe, taken before y^e Gov^r & Dep: Gov^r of
+the Massachusets, M^r. Winthrop & M^r. Dudley: That this ship-Frindship
+was not sett out nor intended for y^e joynt partnership of y^e
+plantation, but for y^e perticuler accounte of M^r. James Sherley, M^r.
+Beachampe, M^r. Andrews, M^r. Allerton, & him selfe. This deposition was
+taken at Boston y^e 29. of Aug: 1639. as is to be seen under their
+hands; besids some other concurente testimonies declared at severall
+times to sundrie of them.
+
+About y^e Whit-Angell, though she was first bought, or at least the
+price beaten, by M^r. Allerton (at Bristoll), yet that had been nothing
+if M^r. Sherley had not liked it, and disbursed y^e money. And that she
+was not intended for y^e plantation appears by sundrie evidences;[CZ]
+as, first, y^e bills of sale, or charter-parties, were taken in their
+owne names, without any mention or refferance to y^e plantation at all;
+viz. M^r. Sherley, M^r. Beachampe, M^r. Andrews, M^r. Denison, and M^r.
+Allerton; for M^r. Hatherley fell off, and would not joyne with them in
+this. That she was not bought for their accounte, M^r. Hatherley tooke
+his oath before y^e parties afforesaid, y^e day and year above writen.
+
+M^r. Allerton tooke his oath to like effecte concerning this ship, the
+Whit-Angell, before y^e Gov^r & Deputie, the 7. of Sep: 1639. and
+likewise deposed, y^e same time, that M^r. Hatherley and him selfe did,
+in the behalfe of them selves and y^e said M^r. Sherley, M^r. Andrews, &
+M^r. Beachamp, agree and undertake to discharge, and save harmless, all
+y^e rest of y^e partners & purchasers, of and from y^e said losses of
+Freindship for 200^li., which was to be discounted therupon; as by ther
+depossitions (which are in writing) may appeare more at large, and some
+other depositions & other testemonies by M^r. Winslow,[DA] &c. But I
+suppose these may be sufficente to evince the truth in these things,
+against all pretences to y^e contrary. And yet the burthen lay still
+upon y^e plantation; or, to speake more truly and rightly, upon those
+few that were ingaged for all, for they were faine to wade through these
+things without any help from any.
+
+[187] Concerning M^r. Allerton's accounts, they were so larg and
+intrecate, as they could not well understand them, much less examine &
+correcte them, without a great deale of time & help, and his owne
+presence, which was now hard to gett amongst them; and it was 2. or 3.
+years before they could bring them to any good pass, but never make them
+perfecte. I know not how it came to pass, or what misterie was in it,
+for he tooke upon him to make up all accounts till this time, though
+M^r. Sherley was their agente to buy & sell their goods, and did more
+then he therin; yet he past in accounts in a maner for all disbursments,
+both concerning goods bought, which he never saw, but were done when he
+was hear in y^e cuntrie or at sea; and all y^e expences of y^e Leyden
+people, done by others in his absence; the charges aboute y^e patente,
+&c. In all which he made them debtore to him above 300^li. and demanded
+paimente of it. But when things came to scaning, he was found above
+2000^li. debtore to them, (this wherin M^r. Hatherley & he being joyntly
+ingaged, which he only had, being included,) besids I know not how much
+y^t could never be cleared; and interest moneys which ate them up, which
+he never accounted. Also they were faine to alow such large bills of
+charges as were intolerable; the charges of y^e patent came to above
+500^li. and yet nothing done in it but what was done at first without
+any confirmation; 30^li. given at a clape, and 50^li. spent in a
+journey. No marvell therfore if M^r. Sherley said in his leter, if their
+bussines had been better managed, they might have been y^e richest
+plantation of any English at y^t time. Yea, he scrued up his poore old
+father in law's accounte to above 200^li. and brought it on y^e generall
+accounte, and to befreind him made most of it to arise out of those
+goods taken up by him at Bristoll, at 50. per cent., because he knew
+they would never let it lye on y^e old man, when, alass! he, poore man,
+never dreamte of any such thing, nor y^t what he had could arise nere
+y^t valew; but thought that many of them had been freely bestowed on him
+& his children by M^r. Allerton. Nither in truth did they come nere y^t
+valew in worth, but y^t sume was blowne up by interest & high prises,
+which y^e company did for y^e most parte bear, (he deserving farr more,)
+being most sory that he should have a name to have much, when he had in
+effecte litle.
+
+This year also M^r. Sherley sent over an accounte, which was in a maner
+but a cash accounte what M^r. Allerton had had of them, and disbursed,
+for which he referd to his accounts; besids an account of beaver sould,
+which M^r. Winslow & some others had carried over, and a large supply of
+goods which M^r. Winslow had sent & brought over, all which was
+comprised in that accounte, and all y^e disbursments aboute y^e
+Freindship, & Whit-Angell, and what concerned their accounts from first
+to last; or any thing else he could charg y^e partners with. So they
+were made debtor in y^e foote of that accounte 4770^li 19. 2.[DB] besids
+1000^li. still due for y^e purchase yet unpayed; notwithstanding all y^e
+beaver, and returnes that both Ashley & they had made, which were not
+small.
+
+[188] In these accounts of M^r. Sherley's some things were obscure, and
+some things twise charged, as a 100. of Bastable ruggs which came in
+y^e Freindship, & cost 75^li., charged before by M^r. Allerton, and now
+by him againe, with other perticulers of like nature doubtfull, to be
+twise or thrise charged; as also a sume of 600^li. which M^r. Allerton
+deneyed, and they could never understand for what it was. They sent a
+note of these & such like things afterward to M^r. Sherley by M^r.
+Winslow; but (I know not how it came to pass) could never have them
+explained.
+
+Into these deepe sumes had M^r. Allerton rune them in tow years, for in
+y^e later end of y^e year 1628. all their debts did not amounte to much
+above 400^li., as was then noted; and now come to so many thousands. And
+wheras in y^e year 1629. M^r. Sherley & M^r. Hatherley being at
+Bristoll, and write a large letter from thence, in which they had given
+an account of y^e debts, and what sumes were then disbursed, M^r.
+Allerton never left begging & intreating of them till they had put it
+out. So they bloted out 2. lines in y^t leter in which y^e sumes were
+contained, and write upon it so as not a word could be perceived; as
+since by them was confessed, and by y^e leters may be seene. And thus
+were they kept hoodwinckte, till now they were so deeply ingaged. And
+wheras M^r. Sherley did so ernestly press y^t M^r. Allerton might be
+sent over to finish y^e great bussines aboute y^e patente, as may be
+seen in his leter write 1629. as is before recorded, and y^t they should
+be ernest w^th his wife to suffer him to goe, &c., he hath since
+confessed by a letter under my hands, that it was M^r. Allerton's owne
+doings, and not his, and he made him write his words, & not his owne.
+The patent was but a pretence, and not y^e thing. Thus were they abused
+in their simplicitie, and no beter then bought & sould, as it may seeme.
+
+And to mend y^e matter, M^r. Allerton doth in a sorte wholy now deserte
+them; having brought them into y^e briers, he leaves them to gett out as
+they can. But God crost him mightily, for he having hired y^e ship of
+M^r. Sherly at 30^li., a month, he set forth againe with a most wicked
+and drunken crue, and for covetousnes sake did so over lade her, not
+only filling her hould, but so stufed her betweene decks, as she was
+walte, and could not bear sayle, and they had like to have been cast
+away at sea, and were forced to put for Millford Havene, and new-stow
+her, & put some of ther ordnance & more heavie goods in y^e botome;
+which lost them time, and made them come late into y^e countrie, lose
+ther season, and made a worse viage then y^e year before. But being come
+into y^e countrie, he sells trading comodities to any y^t will buy, to
+y^e great prejudice of y^e plantation here; but that which is worse,
+what he could not sell, he trustes; and sets up a company of base felows
+and maks them traders, to rune into every hole, & into y^e river of
+Kenebeck, to gleane away y^e trade from y^e house ther, aboute y^e
+patente & priviledge wherof he had dasht away so much money of theirs
+here; [189] and now what in him lay went aboute to take away y^e
+benefite therof, and to overthrow them. Yea, not only this, but he
+furnishes a company, and joyns with some consorts, (being now deprived
+of Ashley at Penobscote,) and sets up a trading house beyoned
+Penobscote, to cute of y^e trade from thence also. But y^e French
+perceiving that that would be greatly to their damage allso, they came
+in their begining before they were well setled, and displanted them,
+slue 2. of their men, and tooke all their goods to a good valew, y^e
+loss being most, if not all, M^r. Allerton's; for though some of them
+should have been his partners, yet he trusted them for their partes; the
+rest of y^e men were sent into France, and this was the end of y^t
+projecte. The rest of those he trusted, being lose and drunken fellows,
+did for y^e most parte but coussen & cheate him of all they got into
+their hands; that howsoever he did his friends some hurte hereby for y^e
+presente, yet he gate litle good, but wente by y^e loss by Gods just
+hand. After in time, when he came to Pli[=m]oth, y^e church caled him to
+accounte for these, and other his grosse miscarrages; he confessed his
+faulte, and promised better walking, and that he would wind him selfe
+out of these courses as soone as he could, &c.
+
+This year also Mr. Sherley would needs send them over a new-acountante;
+he had made mention of such a thing y^e year before, but they write him
+word, that their charge was great allready, and they neede not increase
+it, as this would; but if they were well delte with, and had their goods
+well sent over, they could keep their accounts hear them selves. Yet he
+now sente one, which they did not refuse, being a yonger brother of M^r.
+Winslows, whom they had been at charge to instructe at London before he
+came. He came over in the White Angell with M^r. Allerton, and ther
+begane his first imploymente; for though M^r. Sherley had so farr
+befreinded Mr. Allerton, as to cause[DC] M^r. Winslow to ship y^e supply
+sente to y^e partners here in this ship, and give him 4^li. [p=]er tune,
+wheras others carried for 3. and he made them pay their fraight ready
+downe, before y^e ship wente out of y^e harbore, wheras others payed
+upon certificate of y^e goods being delivered, and their fraight came to
+upward of 6. score pounds, yet they had much adoe to have their goods
+delivered, for some of them were chainged, as bread & pease; they were
+forced to take worse for better, neither could they ever gett all. And
+if Josias Winslow had not been ther, it had been worse; for he had y^e
+invoyce, and order to send them to y^e trading houses.
+
+This year their house at Penobscott was robed by y^e French, and all
+their goods of any worth they carried away, to y^e value of 400. or
+500^li. as y^e cost first peny worth; in beaver 300^li. waight; and y^e
+rest in trading goods, as coats, ruggs, blankett, biskett, &c. It was
+in this maner. The m^r. of y^e house, and parte of y^e company with him,
+were come with their vessell to y^e westward to fecth a supply of goods
+which was brought over for them. In y^e mean time comes a smale French
+ship into y^e harbore (and amongst y^e company was a false Scott); they
+pretended they were nuly come from y^e sea, and knew not wher they were,
+and that their vesell was very leake, and desired they might hale her a
+shore and stop their leaks. And many French complements they used, and
+congees they made; and in y^e ende, seeing but 3. or 4. simple men, y^t
+were servants, and by this Scoth-man understanding that y^e maister & ye
+rest of y^e company were gone from home, they fell of comending their
+gunes and muskets, that lay upon racks by y^e wall side, and tooke them
+downe to looke on them, asking if they were charged. And when they were
+possesst of them, one presents a peece ready charged against y^e
+servants, and another a pistoll; and bid them not sturr, but quietly
+deliver them their goods, and carries some of y^e men aborde, & made y^e
+other help to carry away y^e goods. And when they had tooke what they
+pleased, they sett them at liberty, and wente their way, with this
+mocke, biding them tell their m^r. when he came, that some of y^e Ile of
+Rey gentlemen had been ther.[DD]
+
+[DE] This year, on S^r Christopher Gardener, being, as him selfe said,
+descended of y^t house y^t the Bishop of Winchester came of (who was so
+great a persecutor of Gods saincts in Queene Maries days), and being a
+great traveler, received his first honour of knighthood at Jerusalem,
+being made Knight of y^e Sepulcher ther. He came into these parts under
+pretence of forsaking y^e world, and to live a private life, in a godly
+course, not unwilling to put him selfe upon any meane imployments, and
+take any paines for his living; and some time offered him selfe to joyne
+to y^e churchs in sundry places. He brought over with him a servante or
+2. and a comly yonge woman, whom be caled his cousin, but it was
+suspected, she (after y^e Italian maner) was his concubine. Living at
+y^e Massachusets, for some miscariages which he should have answered, he
+fled away from authority, and gott amonge y^e Indeans of these parts;
+they sent after him, but could not gett him, and promissed some reward
+to those y^t should find him. The Indeans came to y^e Gov^r here, and
+tould wher he was, and asked if they might kill him; he tould them no,
+by no means, but if they could take him and bring him hither, they
+should be payed for their paines. They said he had a gune & a rapier, &
+he would kill them if y^ey went aboute it; and y^e Massachuset Indeans
+said they might kille him. But y^e Gov^r tould them no, they should not
+kill him, but watch their opportunitie, & take him. And so they did, for
+when they light of him by a river side, he got into a canowe to get from
+them, & when they came nere him, whilst he presented his peece at them
+to keep them of, the streame carried y^e canow against a rock, and
+tumbled both him & his peece & rapier into y^e water; yet he got out,
+and having a litle dagger by his side, they durst not close with him,
+but getting longe pols they soone beat his dagger out of his hand, so he
+was glad to yeeld; and they brought him to y^e Gov^r. But his hands and
+armes were swolen & very sore with y^e blowes they had given him. So he
+used him kindly, & sent him to a lodging wher his armes were bathed and
+anoynted, and he was quickly well againe, and blamed y^e Indeans for
+beating him so much. They said that they did but a litle whip him with
+sticks. In his lodging, those y^t made his bed found a litle note booke
+that by accidente had slipt out of his pockett, or some private place,
+in which was a memoriall what day he was reconciled to y^e pope & church
+of Rome, and in what universitie he tooke his scapula, and such & such
+degrees. It being brought to y^e Gov^r, he kept it, and sent y^e Gov^r
+of y^e Massachusets word of his taking, who sent for him. So y^e Gov^r
+sent him and these notes to y^e Gov^r ther, who tooke it very thankfuly;
+but after he gott for England, he shewed his malice, but God prevented
+him.
+
+See y^e Gov^r leter on y^e other side.[DF]
+
+  S^r: It hath pleased God to bring S^r. Christopher Gardener safe to
+  us, with thos that came with him. And howsoever I never intended any
+  hard measure to him, but to respecte and use him according to his
+  qualitie, yet I let him know your care of him, and y^t he shall speed
+  y^e better for your mediation. It was a spetiall providence of God to
+  bring those notes of his to our hands; I desire y^t you will please to
+  speake to all y^t are privie to them, not to discovere them to any
+  one, for y^t may frustrate y^e means of any further use to be made of
+  them. The good Lord our God who hath allways ordered things for y^e
+  good of his poore churches here, directe us in this arighte, and
+  dispose it to a good issue. I am sorie we put you to so much trouble
+  about this gentleman, espetialy at this time of great imploymente, but
+  I know not how to avoyed it. I must againe intreate you, to let me
+  know what charge & troble any of your people have been at aboute him,
+  y^t it may be recompenced. So with the true affection of a frind,
+  desiring all happines to your selfe & yours, and to all my worthy
+  friends with you (whom I love in y^e Lord), I comende you to his grace
+  & good providence, & rest
+
+  Your most assured friend,
+  JOHN WINTHROP.
+
+  Boston, May 5. 1631.
+
+By occation wherof I will take a litle libertie to declare what fell out
+by this mans means & malice, complying with others. And though I doubt
+not but it will be more fully done by my honourd friends, whom it did
+more directly concerne, and have more perticuler knowledg of y^e matter,
+yet I will here give a hinte of y^e same, and Gods providence in
+preventing y^e hurte that might have come by y^e same. The intelligence
+I had by a letter from my much hon^d and beloved friend, Mr. John
+Winthrop, Gov^r of y^e Massachusets.
+
+  S^r: Upon a petition exhibited by S^r. Christo: Gardner, S^r. Ferd:
+  Gorges, Captaine Masson, &c., against you and us, the cause was heard
+  before y^e lords of y^e Privie Counsell, and after reported to y^e
+  king, the sucsess wherof maks it evident to all, that y^e Lord hath
+  care of his people hear. The passages are admirable, and too long to
+  write. I hartily wish an opportunitie to imparte them unto you, being
+  m[=a]y sheets of paper. But y^e conclusion was (against all mens
+  expectation) an order for our incouragmente, and much blame and
+  disgrace upon y^e adversaries, w^ch calls for much thankfullnes from
+  us all, which we purpose (y^e Lord willing) to express in a day of
+  thanks-giving to our mercifull God, (I doubt not but you will
+  consider, if it be not fitt for you to joyne in it,) who, as he hath
+  humbled us by his late correction, so he hath lifted us up, by an
+  abundante rejoysing, in our deliverance out of so desperate a danger;
+  so as that w^ch our enemies builte their hopes upon to ruine us by, He
+  hath mercifully disposed to our great advantage, as I shall further
+  aquainte you, when occasion shall serve.
+
+  The coppy of y^e order follows.
+
+  At y^e courte at Whit-hall y^e 19. Jan: 1632.
+
+  Present
+
+  _Sigillum_ Lord Privie Seale
+  Ea: of Dorsett
+  Lo: Vi: Falkland
+  Lo: Bp: of London
+  Lord Cottinton
+  M^r. Tre^r
+  M^r. Vic Chamb^r
+  M^r. Sec: Cooke
+  Maister Sec: Windebanck
+
+  Wheras his Ma^tie hath latly been informed of great distraction and
+  much disorder in y^t plantation in y^e parts of America called
+  New-England, which, if they be true, & suffered to rune on, would
+  tende to y^e great dishonour of this kingdome, and utter ruine of that
+  plantation. For prevention wherof, and for y^e orderly settling of
+  goverment, according to y^e intention of those patents which have been
+  granted by his Ma^tie and from his late royall father king James, it
+  hath pleased his Ma^tie that y^e lords & others of his most honourable
+  Privie Counsell, should take y^e same into consideration. Their
+  lordships in y^e first place thought fitt to make a comitie of this
+  bord, to take examination of y^e matters informed; which comitties
+  having called diverse of y^e principall adventurers in y^t plantation,
+  and heard those that are complanants against them, most of the things
+  informed being deneyed, and resting to be proved by parties that must
+  be called from y^t place, which required a long expence of time; and
+  at presente their lordships finding the adventurers were upon dispatch
+  of men, victles, and marchandice for y^t place, all which would be at
+  a stand, if y^e adventurers should have discouragmente, or take
+  suspition that the state hear had no good opinion of y^t plantation;
+  their lordships, not laying the faulte or fancies (if any be) of some
+  perticuler men upon the generall govermente, or principall
+  adventurers, (which in due time is further to be inquired into,) have
+  thought fitt in y^e meane time to declare, that the appearences were
+  so faire, and hopes so greate, y^t the countrie would prove both
+  beneficiall to this kingdom, and profitable to the perticuler
+  adventurers, as y^t the adventurers had cause to goe on cherfully with
+  their undertakings, and rest assured, if things were carried as was
+  pretended when y^e patents were granted, and accordingly as by the
+  patentes it is appointed, his Majestie would not only maintaine the
+  liberties & privileges heretofore granted, but supply any thing
+  further that might tend to the good govermente, prosperitie, and
+  comforte of his people ther of that place, &c.
+
+  WILLIAM TRUMBALL.
+
+_Anno Dom_: 1632.
+
+M^r. Allerton, returning for England, litle regarded his bound of a
+1000^li. to performe covenants; for wheras he was bound by y^e same to
+bring y^e ship to [190] London, and to pay 30^li. per month for her
+hire, he did neither of boath, for he carried her to Bristoll againe,
+from whence he intended to sett her out againe, and so did y^e 3. time,
+into these parts (as after will appear); and though she had been 10.
+months upon y^e former viage, at 30^li. [p=]^r month, yet he never payed
+peney for hire. It should seeme he knew well enough how to deale with
+M^r. Sherley. And M^r. Sherley, though he would needs tye her & her
+accounte upon y^e generall, yet he would dispose of her as him selfe
+pleased; for though M^r. Winslow had in their names protested against
+y^e receiving her on y^t accounte, or if ever they should hope to
+preveile in shuch a thing, yet never to suffer M^r. Allerton to have any
+more to doe in her, yet he y^e last year let her wholy unto him, and
+injoyned them to send all their supplye in her to their prejudice, as is
+before noted. And now, though he broke his bonds, kepte no covenante,
+paid no hire, nor was ever like to keep covenants, yet now he goes and
+sells him all, both ship, & all her accounts, from first to last (and in
+effecte he might as well have given him y^e same); and not only this,
+but he doth as good as provide a sanctuary for him, for he gives him one
+years time to prepare his accounte, and then to give up y^e same to them
+here; and then another year for him to make paymente of what should be
+due upon y^t accounte. And in y^e mean time writs ernestly to them not
+to interupte or hinder him from his bussines, or stay him aboute
+clearing accounts, &c.; so as he in y^e mean time gathers up all monies
+due for fraighte, and any other debtes belonging either to her, or y^e
+Frindship's accounts, as his owne perticuler; and after, sells ship, &
+ordnans, fish, & what he had raised, in Spaine, according to y^e first
+designe, in effecte; and who had, or what became of y^e money, he best
+knows. In y^e mean time their hands were bound, and could doe nothing
+but looke on, till he had made all away into other mens hands (save a
+few catle & a litle land & some small maters he had here at Plimoth),
+and so in y^e end removed, as he had allready his person, so all his
+from hence. This will better appere by M^r. Sherley's leter.
+
+  S^r: These few lines are further to give you to understand, that
+  seeing you & we, that never differed yet but aboute y^e White-Angell,
+  which somewhat troubleth us, as I perceive it doth you. And now M^r.
+  Allerton beeing here, we have had some confferance with him about her,
+  and find him very willing to give you & us all contente y^t possiblie
+  he can, though he burthen him selfe. He is contente to take y^e
+  White-Angell wholy on him selfe, notwithstanding he mett with pirates
+  nere y^e coast of Ierland, which tooke away his best sayles & other
+  provissions from her; so as verily if we should now sell her, she
+  would yeeld but a small price, besids her ordnance. And to set her
+  forth againe with fresh money we would not, she being now at Bristoll.
+  Wherfore we thought it best, both for you & us, M^r. Allerton being
+  willing to take her, to accepte of his bond of tow thousand pounds, to
+  give [191] you a true & perfecte accounte, and take y^e whole charge
+  of y^e Whit-Angell wholy to him selfe, from y^e first to y^e last. The
+  accounte he is to make and perfecte within 12. months from y^e date of
+  this letter, and then to pay you at 6. and 6. months after, what
+  soever shall be due unto you and us upon the foote of y^t accounte.
+  And verily, notwithstanding all y^e disasters he hath had, I am
+  perswaded he hath enough to pay all men here and ther. Only they must
+  have patience till he can gather in what is due to him ther. I doe not
+  write this slightly, but upon some ground of what I have seen (and
+  perhaps you know not of) under y^e hands & seals of some, &c. I rest
+
+  Your assured friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Des: 6. 1632.
+
+But heres not a word of y^e breach of former bonds & covenants, or
+paimente of y^e ships hire; this is passt by as if no such thing had
+been; besids what bonds or obligments so ever they had of him, ther
+never came any into y^e hands or sight of y^e partners here. And for
+this y^t M^r. Sherley seems to intimate (as a secrete) of his abilitie,
+under y^e hands & seals of some, it was but a trick, having gathered up
+an accounte of what was owing form such base fellows as he had made
+traders for him, and other debts; and then got M^r. Mahue, & some
+others, to affirme under their hand & seale, that they had seen shuch
+accounts y^t were due to him.
+
+Mr. Hatherley came over againe this year, but upon his owne occasions,
+and begane to make preparation to plant & dwell in y^e countrie. He with
+his former dealings had wound in what money he had in y^e patnership
+into his owne hands, and so gave off all partnership (excepte in name),
+as was found in y^e issue of things; neither did he medle, or take any
+care aboute y^e same; only he was troubled about his ingagmente aboute
+y^e Friendship, as will after appeare. And now partly aboute y^t
+accounte, in some reconings betweene M^r. Allerton and him, and some
+debts y^t M^r. Allerton otherwise owed him upon dealing between them in
+perticuler, he drue up an accounte of above 2000^li., and would faine
+have ingaged y^e partners here with it, because M^r. Allerton had been
+their agent. But they tould him they had been fool'd longe enough with
+such things, and shewed him y^t it no way belonged to them; but tould
+him he must looke to make good his ingagment for y^e Freindship, which
+caused some trouble betweene M^r. Allerton and him.
+
+M^r. William Peirce did y^e like, M^r. Allerton being wound into his
+debte also upon particuler dealings; as if they had been bound to make
+good all mens debts. But they easily shooke off these things. But M^r.
+Allerton herby rane into much trouble & vexation, as well as he had
+troubled others, for M^r. Denison sued him for y^e money he had
+disbursed for y^e 6. part of y^e Whit-Angell, & recovered y^e same with
+damages.
+
+Though y^e partners were thus pl[=u]ged into great ingagments, &
+oppresed with unjust debts, yet y^e Lord prospered their trading, that
+they made yearly large returnes, and had soone wound them selves out of
+all, if yet they had otherwise been well delt with all; as will more
+appear here after. [192] Also y^e people of y^e plantation begane to
+grow in their owtward estats, by reason[DG] of y^e flowing of many
+people into y^e cuntrie, espetially into y^e Bay of y^e Massachusets; by
+which means corne & catle rose to a great prise, by w^ch many were much
+inriched, and co[=m]odities grue plentifull; and yet in other regards
+this benefite turned to their hurte, and this accession of strength to
+their weaknes. For now as their stocks increased, and y^e increse
+vendible, ther was no longer any holding them togeather, but now they
+must of necessitie goe to their great lots; they could not other wise
+keep their katle; and having oxen growne, they must have land for
+plowing & tillage. And no man now thought he could live, except he had
+catle and a great deale of ground to keep them; all striving to increase
+their stocks. By which means they were scatered all over y^e bay,
+quickly, and y^e towne, in which they lived compactly till now, was left
+very thine, and in a short time allmost desolate. And if this had been
+all, it had been less, thoug to much; but y^e church must also be
+devided, and those y^t had lived so long togeather in Christian &
+comfortable fellowship must now part and suffer many divissions. First,
+those that lived on their lots on y^e other side of the bay (called
+Duxberie) they could not long bring their wives & children to y^e
+publick worship & church meetings here, but with such burthen, as,
+growing to some competente number, they sued to be dismissed and become
+a body of them selves; and so they were dismiste (about this time),
+though very unwillingly. But to touch this sadd matter, and handle
+things together that fell out afterward. To prevent any further
+scatering from this place, and weakning of y^e same, it was thought best
+to give out some good farms to spetiall persons, y^t would promise to
+live at Plimoth, and lickly to be helpfull to y^e church or comonewelth,
+and so tye y^e lands to Plimoth as farmes for the same; and ther they
+might keepe their catle & tillage by some servants, and retaine their
+dwellings here. And so some spetiall lands were granted at a place
+generall, called Greens Harbor, wher no allotments had been in y^e
+former divission, a plase very weell meadowed, and fitt to keep & rear
+catle, good store. But alass! this remedy proved worse then y^e disease;
+for w^{th}in a few years those that had thus gott footing ther rente
+them selves away, partly by force, and partly wearing y^e rest with
+importunitie and pleas of necessitie, so as they must either suffer them
+to goe, or live in continuall opposition and contention. And others
+still, as y^ey conceived them selves straitened, or to want
+acco[=m]odation, break away under one pretence or other, thinking their
+owne conceived necessitie, and the example of others, a warrente
+sufficente for them. And this, I fear, will be y^e ruine of New-England,
+at least of y^e churches of God ther, & will provock y^e Lords
+displeasure against them.
+
+[193] This year, M^r. William Perce came into y^e cuntry, & brought
+goods and passengers, in a ship caled y^e Lyon, which belonged cheefly
+to M^r. Sherley, and y^e rest of y^e London partners, but these hear had
+nothing to doe with her. In this ship (besides beaver which they had
+sent home before) they sent upwards of 800^li. in her, and some otter
+skines; and also y^e coppies of M^r. Allertons accounts, desiring that
+they would also peruse & examene them, and rectifie shuch things as
+they should find amise in them; and rather because they were better
+acquaynted with y^e goods bought ther, and y^e disbursments made, then
+they could bee here; yea, a great part were done by them selves, though
+M^r. Allerton brougt in y^e accounte, and sundry things seemed to them
+obscure and had need of clearing. Also they sente a booke of exceptions
+against his accounts, in such things as they could manifest, and doubted
+not but they might adde more therunto. And also shewed them how much
+M^r. Allerton was debtor to y^e accounte; and desired, seeing they had
+now put y^e ship White-Angell, and all, wholy into his power, and tyed
+their hands here, that they could not call him to accounte for any
+thinge, till y^e time was expired which they had given him, and by that
+time other men would get their debts of him, (as sume had done already
+by suing him,) and he would make all away here quickly out of their
+reach; and therfore prayed them to looke to things, and gett paymente of
+him ther, as it was all y^e reason they should, seeing they keept all
+y^e bonds & covenants they made with him in their owne hands; and here
+they could doe nothing by y^e course they had taken, nor had any thing
+to show if they should goe aboute it. But it pleased God, this ship,
+being first to goe to Verginia before she wente home, was cast away on
+y^t coast, not farr from Virginia, and their beaver was all lost (which
+was y^e first loss they sustained in that kind); but M^r. Peirce & y^e
+men saved their lives, and also their leters, and gott into Virginia,
+and so safly home. Y^e accounts were now sent from hence againe to them.
+And thus much of y^e passages of this year.
+
+_A part of M^r. Peirce his leter[DH] from Virginia._
+
+It was dated in Des: 25. 1632. and came to their hand y^e 7. of Aprill,
+before they heard any thing from England.
+
+  Dear freinds, &c. Y^e bruit of this fatall stroke that y^e Lord hath
+  brought both on me and you all will come to your ears before this
+  co[=m]eth to your hands, (it is like,) and therfore I shall not need
+  to inlarg in perticulers, &c. My whole estate (for y^e most parte) is
+  taken away; and so yours, in a great measure, by this and your former
+  losses [he means by y^e French & M^r. Allerton]. It is time to looke
+  aboute us, before y^e wrath of y^e Lord breake forth to utter
+  destruction. The good Lord give us all grace to search our harts and
+  trie our ways, and turne unto y^e Lord, and humble our selves under
+  his mightie hand, and seeke atonemente, &c. Dear freinds, you may know
+  y^t all your beaver, and y^e books of your accounts, are swallowed up
+  in y^e sea; your letters remaine with me, and shall be delivered, if
+  God bring me home. But what should I more say? Have we lost our
+  outward estates? yet a hapy loss if our soules may gaine; ther is yet
+  more in y^e Lord Jehova than ever we had yet in y^e world. Oh that our
+  foolish harts could yet be wained from y^e things here below, which
+  are vanity and vexation of spirite; and yet we fooles catch after
+  shadows, y^t flye away, & are gone in a momente, &c. Thus with my
+  continuall remembrance of you in my poore desires to y^e throne of
+  grace, beseeching God to renew his love & favoure towards you all, in
+  & through y^e Lord Jesus Christ, both in spirituall & temporall good
+  things, as may be most to the glory & praise of his name, and your
+  everlasting good. So I rest,
+
+  Your afflicted brother in Christ,
+  WILLIAM PEIRCE.
+
+  Virginia, Des: 25. 1632.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1633._
+
+This year M^r. Ed: Winslow was chosen Governor.
+
+By the first returne this year, they had leters from M^r. Sherley of
+M^r. Allertons further ill success, and y^e loss by M^r. Peirce, with
+many sadd complaints; but litle hope of any thinge to be gott of M^r.
+Allerton, or how their accounts might be either eased, or any way
+rectified by them ther; but now saw plainly y^t the burthen of all would
+be cast on their backs. The spetiall passages of his letters I shall
+here inserte, as shall be pertinente to these things; for though I am
+weary of this tedious & uncomfortable subjecte, yet for y^e clearing of
+y^e truth I am compelled to be more larg in y^e opening of these
+matters, upon w^ch [194] so much trouble hath insued, and so many hard
+censures have passed on both sids. I would not be partiall to either,
+but deliver y^e truth in all, and, as nere as I can, in their owne words
+and passages, and so leave it to the impartiall judgment of any that
+shall come to read, or veiw these things. His leters are as folow,
+dated June 24. 1633.
+
+[Illustration: EDWARD WINSLOW.]
+
+  Loving friends, my last[DI] was sente in y^e Mary & John, by M^r.
+  William Collier, &c. I then certified you of y^e great, &
+  uncomfortable, and unseasonable loss you & we had, in y^e loss of M^r.
+  Peirce his ship, y^e Lyon; but y^e Lords holy name be blessed, who
+  gives & taks as it pleaseth him; his will be done, Amen. I then
+  related unto you y^t fearfull accidente, or rather judgmente, y^e Lord
+  pleased to lay on London Bridge, by fire, and therin gave you a touch
+  of my great loss; the Lord, I hope, will give me patience to bear it,
+  and faith to trust in him, & not in these slipery and uncertaine
+  things of this world.
+
+  I hope M^r. Allerton is nere upon sayle with you by this; but he had
+  many disasters here before he could gett away; yet y^e last was a
+  heavie one; his ship, going out of y^e harbor at Bristoll, by stormie
+  weather was so farr driven on y^e shore, as it cost him above 100^li.
+  before shee could be gott off againe. Verily his case was so
+  lamentable as I could not but afford him some help therin (and so did
+  some were strangers to him); besids, your goods were in her, and if he
+  had not been supported, he must have broke off his viage, and so loss
+  could not have been avoyded on all sides. When he first bought her, I
+  thinke he had made a saving match, if he had then sunck her, and never
+  set her forth. I hope he sees y^e Lords hand against him, and will
+  leave of these viages. I thinke we did well in parting with her; she
+  would have been but a clogge to y^e accounte from time to time, and
+  now though we shall not gett much by way of satisfaction, yet we shall
+  lose no more. And now, as before I have writte, I pray you finish all
+  y^e accounts and reconings with him there; for here he hath nothing,
+  but many debtes that he stands ingaged to many men for. Besids, here
+  is not a man y^t will spend a day, or scarce an hower, aboute y^e
+  accounts but my selfe, and y^t bussines will require more time and
+  help then I can afford. I shall not need to say any more; I hope you
+  will doe y^t which shall be best & just, to which adde mercie, and
+  consider his intente, though he failed in many perticulers, which now
+  cannot be helped, &c.
+
+  To morrow, or next day at furthest, we are to pay 300^li. and M^r.
+  Beachamp is out of y^e towne, yet y^e bussines I must doe. Oh the
+  greefe & trouble y^t man, M^r. Allerton, hath brought upon you and us!
+  I cannot forgett it, and to thinke on it draws many a sigh from my
+  harte, and teares from my eyes. And now y^e Lord hath visited me with
+  an other great loss, yet I can undergoe it with more patience. But
+  this I have follishly pulled upon my selfe, &c. [And in another, he
+  hath this passage:] By M^r. Allertons faire propositions and large
+  [195] promises, I have over rune my selfe; verily, at this time greefe
+  hinders me to write, and tears will not suffer me to see; wherfore, as
+  you love those that ever loved you, and y^t plantation, thinke upon
+  us. Oh what shall I say of that man, who hath abused your trust and
+  wronged our loves! but now to complaine is too late, nither can I
+  complaine of your backwardnes, for I am perswaded it lys as heavie on
+  your harts, as it doth on our purses or credites. And had y^e Lord
+  sent M^r. Peirce safe home, we had eased both you and us of some of
+  those debts; the Lord I hope will give us patience to bear these
+  crosses; and that great God, whose care & providence is every where,
+  and spetially over all those that desire truly to fear and serve him,
+  direct, guid, prosper, & blesse you so, as y^t you may be able (as I
+  perswade my selfe you are willing) to discharge & take off this great
+  & heavie burthen which now lyes upon me for your saks; and I hope in
+  y^e ende for y^e good of you, and many thousands more; for had not
+  you & we joyned & continued togeather, New-England might yet have been
+  scarce knowne, I am perswaded, not so replenished & inhabited with
+  honest English people, as it now is. The Lord increase & blesse them,
+  &c. So, with my continuall praiers for you all, I rest
+
+  Your assured loving friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  June 24. 1633.
+
+By this it apperes when M^r. Sherly sould him y^e ship & all her
+accounts, it was more for M^r. Allertons advantage then theirs; and if
+they could get any there, well & good, for they were like to have
+nothing here. And what course was held to hinder them there, hath
+allready beene manifested. And though M^r. Sherley became more sinsible
+of his owne condition, by these losses, and therby more sadly & plainly
+to complaine of M^r. Allerton, yet no course was taken to help them
+here, but all left unto them selves; not so much as to examene &
+rectifie y^e accounts, by which (it is like) some hundereds of pounds
+might have been taken off. But very probable it is, the more they saw
+was taken off, y^e less might come unto them selves. But I leave these
+maters, & come to other things.
+
+M^r. Roger Williams (a man godly & zealous, having many precious parts,
+but very unsettled in judgmente) came over first to y^e Massachusets,
+but upon some discontente left y^t place, and came hither, (wher he was
+fri[=e]dly entertained, according to their poore abilitie,) and
+exercised his gifts amongst them, & after some time was admitted a
+member of y^e church; and his teaching well approoved, for y^e benefite
+wherof I still blese God, and am thankfull to him, even for his sharpest
+admonitions & reproufs, so farr as they agreed with truth. He this year
+begane to fall into some strang oppi[=i]ons, and from opinion to
+practise; which caused some controversie betweene y^e church & him, and
+in y^e end some discontente on his parte, by occasion wherof he left
+them some thing abruptly. Yet after wards sued for his dismission to y^e
+church of Salem, which was granted, with some caution to them concerning
+him, and what care they ought to have of him. But he soone fell into
+more things ther, both to their and y^e governments troble and [196]
+disturbance. I shall not need to name perticulers, they are too well
+knowen now to all, though for a time y^e church here wente under some
+hard censure by his occasion, from some that afterwards smarted them
+selves. But he is to be pitied, and prayed for, and so I shall leave y^e
+matter, and desire y^e Lord to shew him his errors, and reduse him into
+y^e way of truth, and give him a setled judgment and constancie in y^e
+same; for I hope he belongs to y^e Lord, and y^t he will shew him
+mercie.
+
+Having had formerly converse and famliarity with y^e Dutch, (as is
+before remembred,) they, seeing them seated here in a barren quarter,
+tould them of a river called by them y^e Fresh River, but now is known
+by y^e name of Conightecute-River, which they often co[=m]ended unto
+them for a fine place both for plantation and trade, and wished them to
+make use of it. But their hands being full otherwise, they let it pass.
+But afterwards ther coming a company of banishte Indeans into these
+parts, that were drivene out from thence by the potencie of y^e
+Pequents, which usurped upon them, and drive them from thence, they
+often sollisited them to goe thither, and they should have much trad,
+espetially if they would keep a house ther. And having now good store of
+comodities, and allso need to looke out wher they could advantage them
+selves to help them out of their great ingagments, they now begane to
+send that way to discover y^e same, and trade with y^e natives. They
+found it to be a fine place, but had no great store of trade; but y^e
+Indeans excused y^e same in regard of y^e season, and the fear y^e
+Indans were in of their enemise. So they tried diverce times, not with
+out profite, but saw y^e most certainty would be by keeping a house
+ther, to receive y^e trad when it came down out of y^e inland. These
+Indeans, not seeing them very forward to build ther, solisited them of
+y^e Massachusets in like sorte (for their end was to be restored to
+their countrie againe); but they in y^e Bay being but latly come, were
+not fitte for y^e same; but some of their cheefe made a motion to joyne
+w^th the partners here, to trad joyntly with them in y^t river, the
+which they were willing to imbrace, and so they should have builte, and
+put in equall stock togeather. A time of meeting was appointed at y^e
+Massachusets, and some of y^e cheefe here was appointed to treat with
+them, and went accordingly; but they cast many fears of deanger & loss
+and the like, which was perceived to be the maine obstacles, though they
+alledged they were not provided of trading goods. But those hear offered
+at presente to put in sufficiente for both, provided they would become
+ingaged for y^e halfe, and prepare against y^e nexte year. They
+conffessed more could not be offered, but thanked them, and tould them
+they had no mind to it. They then answered, they hoped it would be no
+offence unto [197] them, if them sellves wente on without them, if they
+saw it meete. They said ther was no reason they should; and thus this
+treaty broake of, and those here tooke conveniente time to made a
+begining ther; and were y^e first English that both discovered that
+place, and built in y^e same, though they were litle better then thrust
+out of it afterward as may appeare.
+
+But y^e Dutch begane now to repente, and hearing of their purpose &
+preparation, ind[=e]oured to prevente them, and gott in a litle before
+them, and made a slight forte, and planted 2. peeces of ordnance,
+thretening to stopp their passage. But they having made a smale frame of
+a house ready, and haveing a great new-barke, they stowed their frame in
+her hold, & bords to cover & finishe it, having nayles & all other
+provisions fitting for their use. This they did y^e rather that they
+might have a presente defence against y^e Indeans, who weare much
+offended that they brought home & restored y^e right Sachem of y^e place
+(called Natawanute); so as they were to incounter with a duble danger in
+this attempte, both y^e Dutch and y^e Indeans. When they came up y^e
+river, the Dutch demanded what they intended, and whither they would
+goe; they answered, up y^e river to trade (now their order was to goe
+and seat above them). They bid them strike, & stay, or els they would
+shoote them; & stood by ther ordnance ready fitted. They answered they
+had co[=m]ission from y^e Gov^r of Plimoth to goe up y^e river to such a
+place, and if they did shoote, they must obey their order and proceede;
+they would not molest them, but would goe one. So they passed along, and
+though the Dutch threatened them hard, yet they shoot not. Co[=m]ing to
+their place, they clapt up their house quickly, and landed their
+provissions, and left y^e companie appoynted, and sent the barke home;
+and afterwards palisadoed their house aboute, and fortified them selves
+better. The Dutch sent word home to y^e Monhatas what was done: and in
+proces of time, they sent a band of aboute 70. men, in warrlike maner,
+with collours displayed, to assaulte them; but seeing them strengtened,
+& that it would cost blood, they came to parley, and returned in peace.
+And this was their enterance ther, who deserved to have held it, and not
+by freinds to have been thrust out, as in a sorte they were, as will
+after appere. They did y^e Dutch no wrong, for they took not a foote of
+any land they bought, but went to y^e place above them, and bought that
+tracte of land which belonged to these Indeans which they carried with
+them, and their friends, with whom y^e Dutch had nothing to doe. But of
+these matters more in another place.
+
+It pleased y^e Lord to visite them this year with an infectious fevoure,
+of which many fell very sicke, and upward of 20. persons dyed, men and
+women, besids children, and sundry of them of their anciente friends
+which had lived in Holand; as Thomas Blossome, Richard Masterson, with
+sundry [198] others, and in y^e end (after he had much helped others)
+Samuell Fuller, who was their surgeon & phisition, and had been a great
+help and comforte unto them; as in his facultie, so otherwise, being a
+deacon of y^e church, a man godly, and forward to doe good, being much
+missed after his death; and he and y^e rest of their brethren much
+lamented by them, and caused much sadnes & mourning amongst them; which
+caused them to humble them selves, & seeke y^e Lord; and towards winter
+it pleased the Lord y^e sicknes ceased. This disease allso swept away
+many of y^e Indeans from all y^e places near adjoyning; and y^e spring
+before, espetially all y^e month of May, ther was such a quantitie of a
+great sorte of flies, like (for bignes) to wasps, or bumble-bees, which
+came out of holes in y^e ground, and replenished all y^e woods, and eate
+y^e green-things, and made such a constante yelling noyes, as made all
+y^e woods ring of them, and ready to deafe y^e hearers. They have not by
+y^e English been heard or seen before or since. But y^e Indeans tould
+them y^t sicknes would follow, and so it did in June, July, August, and
+y^e cheefe heat of so[=m]er.
+
+It pleased y^e Lord to inable them this year to send home a great
+quantity of beaver, besids paing all their charges, & debts at home,
+which good returne did much incourage their freinds in England. They
+sent in beaver 3366^li. waight, and much of it coat beaver, which yeeled
+20^s. [p=]^r pound, & some of it above; and of otter-skines[DJ] 346.
+sould also at a good prise. And thus much of y^e affairs of this year.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1634._
+
+This year M^r. Thomas Prence was chosen Gov^r.
+
+M^r. Sherleys letters were very breefe in answer of theirs this year. I
+will forbear to coppy any part therof, only name a head or 2. therm.
+First, he desirs they will take nothing ill in what he formerly write,
+professing his good affection towards them as before, &c. 2^ly. For M^r.
+Allertons accounts, he is perswaded they must suffer, and y^t in no
+small su[=m]es; and that they have cause enough to complaine, but it
+was now too late. And that he had failed them ther, those here, and him
+selfe in his owne aimes. And that now, having thus left them here, he
+feared God had or would leave him, and it would not be strang, but a
+wonder if he fell not into worse things, &c. 3^ly. He blesseth God and
+is thankfull to them for y^e good returne made this year. This is y^e
+effecte of his letters, other things being of more private nature.
+
+I am now to enter upon one of y^e sadest things that befell them since
+they came; but before I begine, it will be needfull to premise such
+parte of their patente as gives them right and priviledge at Kenebeck;
+as followeth:
+
+  [199] The said Counsell hath further given, granted, barganed, sold,
+  infeoffed, alloted, assigned, & sett over, and by these presents doe
+  clearly and absolutly give, grante, bargane, sell, alliene, enffeofe,
+  allote, assigne, and confirme unto y^e said William Bradford, his
+  heires, associates, and assignes, All that tracte of land or part of
+  New-England in America afforesaid, which lyeth within or betweene, and
+  extendeth it selfe from y^e utmost limits of Cobiseconte, which
+  adjoyneth to y^e river of Kenebeck, towards the westerne ocean, and a
+  place called y^e falls of Nequamkick in America, aforsaid; and y^e
+  space of 15. English myles on each side of y^e said river, commonly
+  called Kenebeck River, and all y^e said river called Kenebeck that
+  lyeth within the said limits & bounds, eastward, westward, northward,
+  & southward, last above mentioned; and all lands, grounds, soyles,
+  rivers, waters, fishing, &c. And by vertue of y^e authority to us
+  derived by his said late Ma^tis Lr[=e]s patents, to take, apprehend,
+  seise, and make prise of all such persons, their ships and goods, as
+  shall attempte to inhabite or trade with y^e savage people of that
+  countrie within y^e severall precincts and limits of his & their
+  severall plantations, &c.
+
+Now it so fell out, that one Hocking, belonging to y^e plantation of
+Pascataway, wente with a barke and co[=m]odities to trade in that river,
+and would needs press into their limites; and not only so, but would
+needs goe up y^e river above their house, (towards y^e falls of y^e
+river,) and intercept the trade that should come to them. He that was
+cheefe of y^e place forbad them, and prayed him that he would not offer
+them that injurie, nor goe aboute to infring their liberties, which had
+cost them so dear. But he answered he would goe up and trade ther in
+dispite of them, and lye ther as longe as he pleased. The other tould
+him he must then be forced to remove him from thence, or make seasure of
+him if he could. He bid him doe his worste, and so wente up, and
+anchored ther. The other tooke a boat & some men & went up to him, when
+he saw his time, and againe entreated him to departe by what perswasion
+he could. But all in vaine: he could gett nothing of him but ill words.
+So he considred that now was y^e season for trade to come downe, and if
+he should suffer him to lye, & take it from them, all ther former charge
+would be lost, and they had better throw up all. So, consulting with
+his men, (who were willing thertoe,) he resolved to put him from his
+anchores, and let him drive downe y^e river with y^e streame; but
+co[=m]anded y^e men y^t none should shoote a shote upon any occasion,
+except he co[=m]anded them. He spoake to him againe, but all in vaine;
+then he sente a cuple in a canow to cutt his cable, the which one of
+them performes; but Hocking taks up a pece which he had layed ready, and
+as y^e barke shered by y^e canow, he shote [200] him close under her
+side, in y^e head, (as I take it,) so he fell downe dead instantly. One
+of his fellows (that loved him well) could not hold, but with a muskett
+shot Hocking, who fell downe dead and never speake word. This was y^e
+truth of y^e thing. The rest of y^e men carried home the vessell and y^e
+sad tidings of these things. Now y^e Lord Saye & y^e Lord Brooks, with
+some other great persons, had a hand in this plantation; they write home
+to them, as much as they could to exasperate them in y^e matter,
+leaveing out all y^e circomstances, as if he had been kild without any
+offenc of his parte, conceling y^t he had kild another first, and y^e
+just occasion that he had given in offering such wrong; at w^ch their
+Lords^ps were much offended, till they were truly informed of y^e mater.
+
+The bruite of this was quickly carried all aboute, (and y^t in y^e worst
+maner,) and came into y^e Bay to their neighbours their. Their owne
+barke co[=m]ing home, and bringing a true relation of y^e matter, sundry
+were sadly affected with y^e thing, as they had cause. It was not long
+before they had occasion to send their vessell into y^e Bay of y^e
+Massachusetts; but they were so prepossest with this matter, and
+affected with y^e same, as they co[=m]ited M^r. Alden to prison, who was
+in y^e bark, and had been at Kenebeck, but was no actore in y^e
+bussines, but wente to carie them supply. They dismist y^e barke aboute
+her bussines, but kept him for some time. This was thought strang here,
+and they sente Capten Standish to give them true information, (togeather
+with their letters,) and y^e best satisfaction they could, and to
+procure M^r. Alden's release. I shall recite a letter or 2. which will
+show the passages of these things, as folloeth.
+
+  Good S^r:
+
+  I have received your [~l]r[=e]^s by Captaine Standish, & am unfainedly
+  glad of Gods mercie towards you in y^e recovery of your health, or
+  some way thertoo. For y^e bussines you write of, I thought meete to
+  answer a word or 2. to your selfe, leaving the answer of your Gov^or
+  [~l]re to our courte, to whom y^e same, together with my selfe is
+  directed. I conceive (till I hear new matter to y^e contrary) that
+  your patente may warrente your resistance of any English from trading
+  at Kenebeck, and y^t blood of Hocking, and y^e partie he slue, will be
+  required at his hands. Yet doe I with your selfe & others sorrow for
+  their deaths. I thinke likewise y^t your generall [~l]r[=e]s will
+  satisfie our courte, and make them cease from any further inter
+  medling in y^e mater. I have upon y^e same [~l]re sett M^r. Alden at
+  liberty, and his sureties, and yet, least I should seeme to neglecte
+  y^e opinion of our court & y^e frequente speeches of others with us,
+  I have bound Captaine Standish to appeare y^e 3. of June at our nexte
+  courte, to make affidavid for y^e coppie of y^e patente, and to
+  manifest the circumstances of Hockins provocations; both which will
+  tend to y^e clearing of your inocencie. If any unkindnes hath ben
+  taken from what we have done, let it be further & better considred of,
+  I pray you; and I hope y^e more you thinke of it, the lesse blame you
+  will impute to us. At least you ought to be just in differencing them,
+  whose opinions concurr [201] with your owne, from others who were
+  opposites; and yet I may truly say, I have spoken w^th no man in y^e
+  bussines who taxed you most, but they are such as have many wayes
+  heretofore declared ther good affections towards your plantation. I
+  further referr my selfe to y^e reporte of Captaine Standish & M^r.
+  Allden; leaving you for this presente to Gods blessing, wishing unto
+  you perfecte recovery of health, and y^e long continuance of it. I
+  desire to be lovingly remembred to M^r. Prence, your Governor, M^r.
+  Winslow, M^r. Brewster, whom I would see if I knew how. The Lord keepe
+  you all. Amen.
+
+  Your very loving friend in our Lord Jesus,
+  THO: DUDLEY.
+
+  New-towne, y^e 22. of May, 1631.
+
+_Another of his about these things as followeth._
+
+  S^r: I am right sorrie for y^e news that Captaine Standish & other of
+  your neigbours and my beloved freinds will bring now to Plimoth,
+  wherin I suffer with you, by reason of my opinion, which differeth
+  from others, who are godly & wise, amongst us here, the reverence of
+  whose judgments causeth me to suspecte myne owne ignorance; yet must I
+  remaine in it untill I be convinced therof. I thought not to have
+  shewed your letter written to me, but to have done my best to have
+  reconciled differences in y^e best season & maner I could; but
+  Captaine Standish requiring an answer therof publickly in y^e courte,
+  I was forced to produce it, and that made y^e breach soe wide as he
+  can tell you. I propounded to y^e courte, to answer M^r. Prences [~l]re,
+  your Gov^r, but our courte said it required no answer, it selfe being
+  an answer to a former [~l]re of ours. I pray you certifie M^r. Prence so
+  much, and others whom it conce[~r]eth, that no neglecte or ill
+  ma[=n]ers be imputed to me theraboute. The late [~l]res I received from
+  England wrought in me divere fears[DK] of some trials which are
+  shortly like to fall upon us; and this unhappie contention betweene
+  you and us, and between you & Pascattaway, will hasten them, if God
+  with an extraordinarie hand doe not help us. To reconcile this for y^e
+  presente will be very difficulte, but time cooleth distempers, and a
+  comone danger to us boath approaching, will necessitate our uniting
+  againe. I pray you therfore, S^r. set your wisdom & patience a worke,
+  and exhorte others to y^e same, that things may not proceede from bad
+  to worse, so making our contentions like y^e barrs of a pallace, but
+  that a way of peace may be kepte open, wherat y^e God of peace may
+  have enterance in his owne time. If you suffer wrong, it shall be your
+  honor to bear it patiently; but I goe to farr in needles putting you
+  in mind of these things. God hath done great things for you, and I
+  desire his blessings may be multiplied upon you more & more. I will
+  commite no more to writing, but comending my selfe to your prayers,
+  doe rest,
+
+  Your truly loving freind in our Lord Jesus,
+  THO: DUDLEY.
+
+  June 4. 1634.
+
+By these things it appars what troubls rise herupon, and how hard they
+were to be reconciled; for though they hear were hartily sorrie for what
+was fallen out, yet they conceived they were unjustly injuried, and
+provoked to what was done; and that their neigbours (haveing no
+jurisdiction over them) did more then was mete, thus to imprison one of
+theirs, and bind them to [202] their courte. But yet being assured of
+their Christian love, and perswaded what was done was out of godly
+zeale, that religion might not suffer, nor sinne any way covered or
+borne with, espetially y^e guilte of blood, of which all should be very
+consciencious in any whom soever, they did indeavore to appease &
+satisfie them y^e best they could; first, by informing them y^e truth in
+all circomstances aboute y^e matter; 2^ly, in being willing to referr
+y^e case to any indifferante and equall hearing and judgmente of the
+thing hear, and to answere it els wher when they should be duly called
+therunto; and further they craved M^r. Winthrops, & other of y^e reve^d
+magistrats ther, their advice & direction herein. This did mollifie
+their minds, and bring things to a good & comfortable issue in y^e end.
+
+For they had this advice given them by M^r. Winthrop, & others
+concurring with him, that from their courte, they should write to the
+neigboure plantations, & espetially that of y^e lords, at Pascataway,
+and theirs of y^e Massachusets, to appointe some to give them meeting
+at some fitt place, to consulte & determine in this matter, so as y^e
+parties meeting might have full power to order & bind, &c. And that
+nothing be done to y^e infringing or prejudice of y^e liberties of any
+place. And for y^e clearing of conscience, y^e law of God is, y^t y^e
+preist lips must be consulted with, and therfore it was desired that y^e
+ministers of every plantation might be presente to give their advice in
+pointe of conscience. Though this course seemed dangerous to some, yet
+they were so well assured of y^e justice of their cause, and y^e equitie
+of their freinds, as they put them selves upon it, & appointed a time,
+of which they gave notice to y^e severall places a month before hand;
+viz. Massachusets, Salem, & Pascataway, or any other y^t they would give
+notice too, and disired them to produce any evidence they could in y^e
+case. The place for meeting was at Boston. But when y^e day & time came,
+none apered, but some of y^e magistrats and ministers of y^e
+Massachusets, and their owne. Seeing none of Passcataway or other places
+came, (haveing been thus desired, & conveniente time given them for y^t
+end,) M^r. Winthrop & y^e rest said they could doe no more then they had
+done thus to requeste them, y^e blame must rest on them. So they fell
+into a fair debating of things them selves; and after all things had
+been fully opened & discussed, and y^e opinione of each one demanded,
+both magistrats, and ministers, though they all could have wished these
+things had never been, yet they could not but lay y^e blame & guilt on
+Hockins owne head; and withall gave them such grave & godly exhortations
+and advice, as they thought meete, both for y^e presente & future; which
+they allso imbraced with love & thankfullnes, promising to indeavor to
+follow y^e same. And thus was this matter ended, and ther love and
+concord renewed; and also M^r. Winthrop & M^r. Dudley write in their
+behalfes to y^e Lord Ssay & other gentl-men that were interesed in y^t
+plantation, very effectually, w^th which, togeather with their owne
+leters, and M^r. Winslows furder declaration of things unto them, they
+rested well satisfied.
+
+[203] M^r. Winslow was sente by them this year into England, partly to
+informe and satisfie y^e Lord Say & others, in y^e former matter, as
+also to make answer and their just defence for y^e same, if any thing
+should by any be prosecuted against them at Counsell-table, or els wher;
+but this matter tooke end, without any further trouble, as is before
+noted. And partly to signifie unto y^e partners in England, that the
+terme of their trade with y^e company here was out, and therfore he was
+sente to finishe y^e accounts with them, and to bring them notice how
+much debtore they should remaine on y^t accounte, and that they might
+know what further course would be best to hold. But y^e issue of these
+things will appear in y^e next years passages. They now sente over by
+him a great returne, which was very acceptable unto them; which was in
+beaver 3738^li. waight, (a great part of it, being coat-beaver, sould at
+20^s. p^r pound,) and 234. otter skines;[DL] which alltogeather rise to
+a great sume of money.
+
+This year (in y^e foreparte of y^e same) they sente forth a barke to
+trad at y^e Dutch-Plantation; and they mette ther with on Captaine
+Stone, that had lived in Christophers, one of y^e West-Ende Ilands, and
+now had been some time in Virginia, and came from thence into these
+parts. He kept company with y^e Dutch Gove^r, and, I know not in what
+drunken fitt, he gott leave of y^e Gov^r to ceaise on their barke, when
+they were ready to come away, and had done their markett, haveing y^e
+valew of 500^li. worth of goods abord her; having no occasion at all, or
+any collour of ground for such a thing, but having made y^e Gov^r
+drunck, so as he could scarce speake a right word; and when he urged him
+hear aboute, he answered him, _Als 't u beleeft_.[DM] So he gat abord,
+(the cheefe of their men & marchant being ashore,) and with some of his
+owne men, made y^e rest of theirs waigh anchor, sett sayle, & carry her
+away towards Virginia. But diverse of y^e Dutch sea-men, which had bene
+often at Plimoth, and kindly entertayned ther, said one to another,
+Shall we suffer our freinds to be thus abused, and have their goods
+carried away, before our faces, whilst our Gov^r is drunke? They vowed
+they would never suffer it; and so gott a vessell or 2. and pursued him,
+& brought him in againe, and delivered them their barke & goods againe.
+
+After wards Stone came into y^e Massachusets, and they sent & commensed
+suite against him for this facte; but by mediation of freinds it was
+taken up, and y^e suite lett fall. And in y^e company of some other
+gentle-men Stone came afterwards to Plimoth, and had freindly & civill
+entertainmente amongst them, with y^e rest; but revenge boyled within
+his brest, (though concelled,) for some conceived he had a purpose (at
+one time) to have staped the Gov^r, and put his hand to his dagger for
+that end, but by Gods providence and y^e vigilance of some was
+prevented. He afterward returned to Virginia, in a pinass, with one
+Captaine Norton & some others; and, I know not for what occasion, they
+would needs goe up Coonigtecutt River; and how they carried themselves I
+know not, but y^e Indeans knoct him in y^e head, as he lay in his
+cabine, and had thrown y^e covering over his face (whether out of fear
+or desperation is uncertaine); this was his end. They likewise killed
+all y^e rest, but Captaine Norton defended him selfe a long time against
+them all in y^e cooke-roome, till by accidente the gunpowder tooke fire,
+which (for readynes) he had sett in an open thing before him, which did
+so burne, & scald him, & blind his eyes, as he could make no longer
+resistance, but was slaine also by them, though they much comended his
+vallour. And having killed y^e men, they made a pray of what they had,
+and chafered away some of their things to y^e Dutch that lived their.
+But it was not longe before a quarell fell betweene the Dutch & them,
+and they would have cutt of their bark; but they slue y^e cheef sachem
+w^th y^e shott of a murderer.[DN]
+
+I am now to relate some strang and remarkable passages. Ther was a
+company of people lived in y^e country, up above in y^e river of
+Conigtecut, a great way from their trading house ther, and were enimise
+to those Indeans which lived aboute them, and of whom they stood in some
+fear (bing a stout people). About a thousand of them had inclosed them
+selves in a forte, which they had strongly palissadoed about. 3. or 4.
+Dutch men went up in y^e begining of winter to live with them, to gett
+their trade, and prevente them for bringing it to y^e English, or to
+fall into amitie with them; but at spring to bring all downe to their
+place. But their enterprise failed, for it pleased God to visite these
+Indeans with a great sicknes, and such a mortalitie that of a 1000.
+above 900. and a halfe of them dyed, and many of them did rott above
+ground for want of buriall, and y^e Dutch men allmost starved before
+they could gett away, for ise and snow. But about Feb: they got with
+much difficultie to their trading house; whom they kindly releeved,
+being allmost spente with hunger and could. Being thus refreshed by them
+diverce days, they got to their owne place, and y^e Dutch were very
+thankfull for this kindnes.
+
+This spring, also, those Indeans that lived aboute their trading house
+there fell sick of y^e small poxe, and dyed most miserably; for a sorer
+disease cannot befall them; they fear it more then y^e plague; for
+usualy they that have this disease have them in abundance, and for wante
+of bedding & li[=n]ing and other helps, they fall into a lamentable
+condition, as they lye on their hard matts, y^e poxe breaking and
+mattering, and runing one into another, their skin cleaving (by reason
+therof) to the matts they lye on; when they turne them, a whole side
+will flea of at once, [204] (as it were,) and they will be all of a gore
+blood, most fearfull to behold; and then being very sore, what with
+could and other distempers, they dye like rotten sheep. The condition of
+this people was so lamentable, and they fell downe so generally of this
+diseas, as they were (in y^e end) not able to help on another; no, not
+to make a fire, nor to fetch a litle water to drinke, nor any to burie
+y^e dead; but would strivie as long as they could, and when they could
+procure no other means to make fire, they would burne y^e woden trayes
+& dishes they ate their meate in, and their very bowes & arrowes; & some
+would crawle out on all foure to gett a litle water, and some times dye
+by y^e way, & not be able to gett in againe. But those of y^e English
+house, (though at first they were afraid of y^e infection,) yet seeing
+their woefull and sadd condition, and hearing their pitifull cries and
+lamentations, they had compastion of them, and dayly fetched them wood &
+water, and made them fires, gott them victualls whilst they lived, and
+buried them when they dyed. For very few of them escaped,
+notwithstanding they did what they could for them, to y^e haszard of
+them selvs. The cheefe Sachem him selfe now dyed, & allmost all his
+freinds & kinred. But by y^e marvelous goodnes & providens of God not
+one of y^e English was so much as sicke, or in y^e least measure tainted
+with this disease, though they dayly did these offices for them for many
+weeks togeather. And this mercie which they shewed them was kindly
+taken, and thankfully acknowledged of all y^e Indeans that knew or heard
+of y^e same; and their m^rs here did much comend & reward them for y^e
+same.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1635._
+
+M^r. Winslow was very wellcome to them in England, and y^e more in
+regard of y^e large returne he brought with him, which came all safe to
+their hands, and was well sould. And he was borne in hand, (at least he
+so apprehended,) that all accounts should be cleared before his returne,
+and all former differences ther aboute well setled. And so he writ over
+to them hear, that he hoped to cleare y^e accounts, and bring them over
+with him; and y^t the accounte of y^e White Angele would be taken of,
+and all things fairly ended. But it came to pass [205] that, being
+occasioned to answer some complaints made against the countrie at
+Counsell bord, more cheefly concerning their neigbours in y^e Bay then
+them selves hear, the which he did to good effecte, and further
+prosecuting such things as might tend to y^e good of y^e whole, as well
+them selves as others, aboute y^e wrongs and incroachments that the
+French & other strangers both had and were like further to doe unto
+them, if not prevented, he prefered this petition following to their
+Hon^rs that were deputed Comissioners for y^e Plantations.
+
+  To y^e right honorable y^e Lords Comissioners for y^e Plantations in
+  America.
+
+  The humble petition of Edw: Winslow, on y^e behalfe of y^e plantations
+  in New-England,
+
+  Humbly sheweth unto your Lordships, y^t wheras your petitioners have
+  planted them selves in New England under his Ma^tis most gratious
+  protection; now so it is, right Hon^bl, that y^e French & Dutch doe
+  indeaouer to devide y^e land betweene them; for which purpose y^e
+  French have, on y^e east side, entered and seased upon one of our
+  houses, and carried away the goods, slew 2. of y^e men in another
+  place, and tooke y^e rest prisoners with their goods. And y^e Dutch,
+  on y^e west, have also made entrie upon Conigtecute River, within y^e
+  limits of his Maj^ts [~l]rs patent, where they have raised a forte,
+  and threaten to expell your petitioners thence, who are also planted
+  upon y^e same river, maintaining possession for his Ma^tie to their
+  great charge, & hazard both of lives & goods.
+
+  In tender consideration hereof your petitioners humbly pray that your
+  Lo^pps will either procure their peace w^th those foraine states, or
+  else to give spetiall warrante unto your petitioners and y^e English
+  Collonies, to right and defend them selves against all foraigne
+  enimies. And your petitioners shall pray, &c.
+
+This petition found good acceptation with most of them, and Mr. Winslow
+was heard sundry times by them, and appointed further to attend for an
+answer from their Lo^pps, espetially, having upon conferance with them
+laid downe a way how this might be doone without any either charge or
+trouble to y^e state; only by furnishing some of y^e cheefe of y^e
+cuntry hear with authoritie, who would undertake it at their owne
+charge, and in such a way as should be without any publick disturbance.
+But this crossed both S^r Ferdinandos Gorges' & Cap: Masons designe, and
+y^e arch-bishop of Counterberies by them; for S^r Ferd: Gorges (by y^e
+arch-pps favore) was to have been sent over generall Gov^r into y^e
+countrie, and to have had means from y^e state for y^t end, and was now
+upon dispatch and conclude of y^e bussines. And y^e arch-bishops
+purposs & intente was, by his means, & some he should send with him,
+(to be furnished with Episcopall power,) [206] to disturbe y^e peace of
+y^e churches here, and to overthrow their proceedings and further
+growth, which was y^e thing he aimed at. But it so fell out (by Gods
+providence) that though he in y^e end crost this petition from taking
+any further effecte in this kind, yet by this as a cheefe means the
+plotte and whole bussines of his & S^r Ferdinandos fell to y^e ground,
+and came to nothing. When M^r. Winslow should have had his suit granted,
+(as indeed upon y^e pointe it was,) and should have been confirmed, the
+arch-bishop put a stop upon it, and M^r. Winslow, thinking to gett it
+freed, went to y^e bord againe; but y^e bishop, S^r Ferd: and Captine
+Masson, had, as it seemes, procured Morton (of whom mention is made
+before, & his base carriage) to complaine; to whose complaints M^r.
+Winslow made answer to y^e good satisfaction of y^e borde, who checked
+Morton and rebuked him sharply, & allso blamed S^r Fer^d Gorges, &
+Masson, for countenancing him. But y^e bish: had a further end & use of
+his presence, for he now begane to question M^r. Winslow of many things;
+as of teaching in y^e church publickly, of which Morton accused him, and
+gave evidence that he had seen and heard him doe it; to which M^r.
+Winslow answered, that some time (wanting a minster) he did exercise his
+gifte to help y^e edification of his breethren, when they wanted better
+means, w^ch was not often. Then aboute mariage, the which he also
+confessed, that, haveing been called to place of magistracie, he had
+sometimes maried some. And further tould their lord^ps y^t mariage was a
+civille thinge, & he found no wher in y^e word of God y^t it was tyed to
+ministrie. Again, they were necessitated so to doe, having for a long
+time togeather at first no minister; besids, it was no new-thing, for he
+had been so maried him selfe in Holand, by y^e magistrats in their
+Statt-house. But in y^e end (to be short), for these things, y^e bishop,
+by vemente importunity, gott y^e bord at last to consente to his
+comittemente; so he was comited to y^e Fleete, and lay ther 17. weeks,
+or ther aboute, before he could gett to be released. And this was y^e
+end of this petition, and this bussines; only y^e others designe was
+also frustrated hereby, with other things concurring, which was no
+smalle blessing to y^e people here.
+
+But y^e charge fell heavie on them hear, not only in M^r. Winslows
+expences, (which could not be smale,) but by y^e hinderance of their
+bussines both ther and hear, by his personall imploymente. For though
+this was as much or more for others then for them hear, and by them
+cheefly he was put on this bussines, (for the plantation k[=e]we nothing
+of it till they heard of his imprisonmente,) yet y^e whole charge lay on
+them.
+
+Now for their owne bussines; whatsoever M^r. Sherleys mind was before,
+(or M^r. Winslow apprehension of y^e same,) he now declared him selfe
+plainly, that he would neither take of y^e White-Angell from y^e
+accounte, nor [207] give any further accounte, till he had received more
+into his hands; only a prety good supply of goods were sent over, but of
+y^e most, no note of their prises, or so orderly an invoyce as formerly;
+which M^r. Winslow said he could not help, because of his restrainte.
+Only now M^r. Sherley & M^r. Beachamp & M^r. Andrews sent over a letter
+of atturney under their hands & seals, to recovere what they could of
+M^r. Allerton for y^e Angells accounte; but sent them neither y^e bonds,
+nor covenants, or such other evidence or accounts, as they had aboute
+these matters. I shall here inserte a few passages out of M^r. Sherleys
+letters aboute these things.
+
+  Your leter of y^e 22. of July, 1634, by your trustie and our loving
+  friend M^r. Winslow, I have received, and your larg parcell of beaver
+  and otter skines. Blessed be our God, both he and it came safly to us,
+  and we have sould it in tow parcells; y^e skin at 14^s. li. & some at
+  16.; y^e coate at 20^s. y^e pound. The accounts I have not sent you
+  them this year, I will referr you to M^r. Winslow to tell you y^e
+  reason of it; yet be assured y^t none of you shall suffer by y^e not
+  having of them, if God spare me life. And wheras you say y^e 6. years
+  are expired y^t y^e peopl put y^e trad into your & our hands for, for
+  y^e discharge of y^t great debte w^ch M^r. Allerton needlesly &
+  unadvisedly ran you & us into; yet it was promised it should continue
+  till our disbursments & ingagements were satisfied. You conceive it
+  is done; we feele & know other wise, &c. I doubt not but we shall
+  lovingly agree, notwithstanding all y^t hath been writen, on boath
+  sids, aboute y^e Whit-Angell. We have now sent you a letter of
+  atturney, therby giving you power in our names (and to shadow it y^e
+  more we say for our uses) to obtaine what may be of M^r. Allerton
+  towards y^e satisfing of that great charge of y^e White Angell. And
+  sure he hath bound him selfe, (though at present I cannot find it,)
+  but he hath often affirmed, with great protestations, y^t neither you
+  nor we should lose a peny by him, and I hope you shall find enough to
+  discharg it, so as we shall have no more contesting aboute it. Yet,
+  notwithstanding his unnaturall & unkind dealing with you, in y^e
+  midest of justice remember mercie, and doe not all you may doe, &c.
+  Set us out of debte, and then let us recone & reason togeither, &c.
+  M^r. Winslow hath undergone an unkind imprisonment, but I am perswaded
+  it will turne much to all your good. I leave him to relate
+  perticuleres, &c.
+
+  Your loving freind,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  London, Sep: 7. 1635.
+
+This year they sustained an other great loss from y^e French. Monsier de
+Aulnay coming into y^e harbore of Penobscote, and having before gott
+some of y^e cheefe y^t belonged to y^e house abord his vessell, by
+sutlty coming upon them in their shalop, he gott them to pilote him in;
+and after getting y^e rest into his power, he tooke possession of y^e
+house in y^e name of y^e king of France; and partly by threatening, &
+other wise, made Mr. Willett (their agente ther) to approve of y^e sale
+of y^e goods their unto him, of which he sett y^e price him selfe [208]
+in effecte, and made an inventory therof, (yett leaving out sundry
+things,) but made no paymente for them; but tould them in convenient
+time he would doe it if they came for it. For y^e house & fortification,
+&c. he would not alow, nor accounte any thing, saing that they which
+build on another mans ground doe forfite y^e same. So thus turning them
+out of all, (with a great deale of complemente, and many fine words,) he
+let them have their shalop and some victualls to bring them home. Coming
+home and relating all the passages, they here were much troubled at it,
+& haveing had this house robbed by y^e French once before, and lost then
+above 500^li. (as is before remembred), and now to loose house & all,
+did much move them. So as they resolved to consulte with their freinds
+in y^e Bay, and if y^ey approved of it, (ther being now many ships
+ther,) they intended to hire a ship of force, and seeke to beat out y^e
+Frenche, and recover it againe. Ther course was well approved on, if
+them selves could bear y^e charge; so they hired a fair ship of above
+300. tune, well fitted with ordnance, and agreed with y^e m^r. (one
+Girling) to this effect: that he and his company should deliver them y^e
+house, (after they had driven out, or surprised y^e French,) and give
+them peacable possession therof, and of all such trading comodities as
+should ther be found; and give y^e French fair quarter & usage, if they
+would yeeld. In consideration wherof he was to have 700^li. of beaver,
+to be delivered him ther, when he had done y^e thing; but if he did not
+accomplish it, he was to loose his labour, and have nothing. With him
+they also sent their owne bark, and about 20. men, with Captaine
+Standish, to aide him (if neede weer), and to order things, if the house
+was regained; and then to pay him y^e beaver, which they keept abord
+their owne barke. So they with their bark piloted him thither, and
+brought him safe into y^e harbor. But he was so rash & heady as he would
+take no advice, nor would suffer Captaine Standish to have time to
+summone them, (who had co[=m]ission & order so to doe,) neither would
+doe it him selfe; the which, it was like, if it had been done, & they
+come to affaire parley, seeing their force, they would have yeelded.
+Neither would he have patience to bring his ship wher she might doe
+execution, but begane to shoot at distance like a madd man, and did them
+no hurte at all; the which when those of y^e plantation saw, they were
+much greeved, and went to him & tould him he would doe no good if he did
+not lay his ship beter to pass (for she might lye within pistoll shott
+of y^e house). At last, when he saw his owne folly, he was perswaded,
+and layed her well, and bestowed a few shott to good purposs. But now,
+when he was in a way to doe some good, his powder was goone; for though
+he had ...[DO] peece of ordnance, it did now [209] appeare he had but a
+barrell of powder, and a peece; so he could doe no good, but was faine
+to draw of againe; by which means y^e enterprise was made frustrate, and
+y^e French incouraged; for all y^e while that he shot so unadvisedly,
+they lay close under a worke of earth, & let him consume him selfe. He
+advised with y^e Captaine how he might be supplyed with powder, for he
+had not to carie him home; so he tould him he would goe to y^e next
+plantation, and doe his indeour to procure him some, and so did; but
+understanding, by intelligence, that he intended to ceiase on y^e barke,
+& surprise y^e beaver, he sent him the powder, and brought y^e barke &
+beaver home. But Girling never assualted y^e place more, (seeing him
+selfe disapoyented,) but went his way; and this was y^e end of this
+bussines.
+
+Upon y^e ill success of this bussines, the Gov^r and Assistants here by
+their leters certified their freinds in y^e Bay, how by this ship they
+had been abused and disapoynted, and y^t the French partly had, and were
+now likly to fortifie them selves more strongly, and likly to become ill
+neigbours to y^e English. Upon this they thus writ to them as
+folloeth:--
+
+  Worthy S^rs: Upon y^e reading of your leters, & consideration of y^e
+  waightines of y^e cause therin mentioned, the courte hath joyntly
+  expressed their willingnes to assist you with men & munition, for y^e
+  accomplishing of your desires upon y^e French. But because here are
+  none of yours y^t have authority to conclude of any thing herein,
+  nothing can be done by us for y^e presente. We desire, therfore, that
+  you would with all conveniente speed send some man of trust, furnished
+  with instructions from your selves, to make such agreemente with us
+  about this bussines as may be usefull for you, and equall for us. So
+  in hast we co[=m]ite you to God, and remaine
+
+  Your assured loving freinds,
+
+  JOHN HAYNES, Gov^r.
+  RI: BELLINGHAM, Dep.
+  JO: WINTHROP.
+  THO: DUDLEY.
+  JO: HUMFRAY.
+  W^M: CODDINGTON.
+  W^M: PINCHON.
+  ATHERTON HOUGHE.
+  INCREAS NOWELL.
+  RIC: DUMER.
+  SIMON BRADSTRETE.
+
+  New-towne, Octo^r 9. 1635.
+
+Upon the receite of y^e above mentioned, they presently deputed 2. of
+theirs to treate with them, giving them full power to conclude,
+according to the instructions they gave them, being to this purposs:
+that if they would afford such assistance as, togeather with their owne,
+was like to effecte the thing, and allso bear a considerable parte of
+y^e charge, they would goe on; if not, [210] they (having lost so much
+allready) should not be able, but must desiste, and waite further
+opportunitie as God should give, to help them selves. But this came to
+nothing, for when it came to y^e issue, they would be at no charge, but
+sente them this letter, and referd them more at large to their owne
+messengers.
+
+  S^r: Having, upon y^e consideration of your letter, with y^e message
+  you sente, had some serious consultations aboute y^e great importance
+  of your bussines with y^e French, we gave our answer to those whom you
+  deputed to conferr w^th us aboute y^e viage to Penobscote. We shewed
+  our willingnes to help, but withall we declared our presente
+  condition, & in what state we were, for our abilitie to help; which we
+  for our parts shall be willing to improve, to procure you sufficiente
+  supply of men & munition. But for matter of moneys we have no
+  authority at all to promise, and if we should, we should rather
+  disapoynte you, then incourage you by y^t help, which we are not able
+  to performe. We likewise thought it fitt to take y^e help of other
+  Esterne plantations; but those things we leave to your owne wisdomes.
+  And for other things we refer you to your owne co[=m]itties, who are
+  able to relate all y^e passages more at large. We salute you, & wish
+  you all good success in y^e Lord.
+
+  Your faithfull & loving friend,
+  RI: BELLINGHAM, Dep:
+  In y^e name of the rest of the Comities.
+
+  Boston, Octob^r 16. 1635.
+
+This thing did not only thus breake of, but some of their merchants
+shortly after sent to trad with them, and furnished them both with
+provissions, & poweder & shott; and so have continued to doe till this
+day, as they have seen opportunitie for their profite. So as in truth
+y^e English them selves have been the cheefest supporters of these
+French; for besids these, the plantation at Pemaquid (which lyes near
+unto them) doth not only supply them with what y^ey wante, but gives
+them continuall intelligence of all things that passes among y^e
+English, (espetially some of them,) so as it is no marvell though they
+still grow, & incroach more & more upon y^e English, and fill y^e
+Indeans with gunes & munishtion, to y^e great deanger of y^e English,
+who lye open & unfortified, living upon husbandrie; and y^e other closed
+up in their forts, well fortified, and live upon trade, in good
+securitie. If these things be not looked too, and remeady provided in
+time, it may easily be conjectured what they may come toe; but I leave
+them.
+
+This year, y^e 14. or 15. of August (being Saturday) was such a mighty
+storme of wind & raine, as none living in these parts, either English or
+Indeans, ever saw. Being like (for y^e time it continued) to those
+Hauricanes and Tuffons that writers make mention of in y^e Indeas. It
+began in y^e morning, a litle before day, and grue not by degrees, but
+came with violence in y^e begining, to y^e great amasmente of many. It
+blew downe sundry [211] houses, & uncovered others; diverce vessells
+were lost at sea, and many more in extreme danger. It caused y^e sea to
+swell (to y^e southward of this place) above 20. foote, right up &
+downe, and made many of the Indeans to clime into trees for their
+saftie; it tooke of y^e borded roofe of a house which belonged to the
+plantation at Manamet, and floted it to another place, the posts still
+standing in y^e ground; and if it had continued long without y^e
+shifting of y^e wind, it is like it would have drouned some parte of y^e
+cuntrie. It blew downe many hundered thowsands of trees, turning up the
+stronger by the roots, and breaking the hiegher pine trees of in the
+midle, and y^e tall yonge oaks & walnut trees of good biggnes were wound
+like a withe, very strang & fearfull to behould. It begane in y^e
+southeast, and parted toward y^e south & east, and vered sundry ways;
+but y^e greatest force of it here was from y^e former quarters. It
+continued not (in y^e extremitie) above 5. or 6. houers, but y^e
+violence begane to abate. The signes and marks of it will remaine this
+100. years in these parts wher it was sorest. The moone suffered a great
+eclips the 2. night after it.
+
+Some of their neighbours in y^e Bay, hereing of y^e fame of Conightecute
+River, had a hankering mind after it, (as was before noted,) and now
+understanding that y^e Indeans were swepte away with y^e late great
+mortalitie, the fear of whom was an obstacle unto them before, which
+being now taken away, they begane now to prosecute it with great
+egernes. The greatest differances fell betweene those of Dorchester
+plantation and them hear; for they set their minde on that place, which
+they had not only purchased of y^e Indeans, but wher they had builte;
+intending only (if they could not remove them) that they should have but
+a smale moyety left to y^e house, as to a single family; whose doings
+and proceedings were conceived to be very injurious, to attempte not
+only to intrude them selves into y^e rights & possessions of others, but
+in effect to thrust them out of all. Many were y^e leters & passages
+that went betweene them hear aboute, which would be to long here to
+relate.
+
+I shall here first inserte a few lines that was write by their own
+agente from thence.
+
+  S^r: &c. Y^e Masschuset men are coming almost dayly, some by water, &
+  some by land, who are not yet determined wher to setle, though some
+  have a great mind to y^e place we are upon, and which was last bought.
+  Many of them look at that which this river will not afford, excepte it
+  be at this place which we have, namly, to be a great towne, and have
+  comodious dwellings for many togeather. So as what they will doe I
+  cannot yet resolve you; for this place ther is none of them say any
+  thing to me, but what I hear from their servants (by whom I perceive
+  their minds). I shall doe what I can to withstand them. I hope they
+  will hear reason; as that we were here first, and entred with much
+  difficulty and danger, [212] both in regard of y^e Dutch & Indeans,
+  and bought y^e land, (to your great charge, allready disbursed,) and
+  have since held here a chargable possession, and kept y^e Dutch from
+  further incroaching, which would els long before this day have
+  possessed all, and kept out all others, &c. I hope these & such like
+  arguments will stoppe them. It was your will we should use their
+  persons & messengers kindly, & so we have done, and doe dayly, to your
+  great charge; for y^e first company had well nie starved had it not
+  been for this house, for want of victuals; I being forced to supply
+  12. men for 9. days togeather; and those which came last, I
+  entertained the best we could, helping both them (& y^e other) with
+  canows, & guids. They gott me to goe with them to y^e Dutch, to see if
+  I could procure some of them to have quiet setling nere them; but they
+  did peremtorily withstand them. But this later company did not once
+  speak therof, &c. Also I gave their goods house roome according to
+  their ernest request, and M^r. Pinchons letter in their behalfe (which
+  I thought good to send you, here inclosed). And what trouble & charge
+  I shall be further at I know not; for they are co[=m]ing dayly, and I
+  expecte these back againe from below, whither they are gone to veiw
+  y^e countrie. All which trouble & charg we under goe for their
+  occasion, may give us just cause (in y^e judgmente of all wise &
+  understanding men) to hold and keep that we are setled upon. Thus with
+  my duty remembred, &c. I rest
+
+  Yours to be comanded
+  JOHNNATH[=A] BREWSTER.
+
+  Matianuck, July 6. 1635.
+
+Amongst y^e many agitations that pased betweene them, I shal note a few
+out of their last letters, & for y^e present omitte y^e rest, except
+upon other occasion I may have fitter opportunity. After their thorrow
+veiw of y^e place, they began to pitch them selves upon their land &
+near their house; which occasioned much expostulation betweene them.
+Some of which are such as follow.
+
+  Brethren, having latly sent 2. of our body unto you, to agitate &
+  bring to an issue some maters in difference betweene us, about some
+  lands at Conightecutt, unto which you lay challeng; upon which God by
+  his providence cast us, and as we conceive in a faire way of
+  providence tendered it to us, as a meete place to receive our body,
+  now upon removall.
+
+  We shall not need to answer all y^e passages of your larg letter, &c.
+  But wheras you say God in his providence cast you, &c., we tould you
+  before, and (upon this occasion) must now tell you still, that our
+  mind is other wise, and y^t you cast rather a partiall, if not a
+  covetous eye, upon that w^ch is your neigbours, and not yours; and in
+  so doing, your way could not be faire unto it. Looke y^t you abuse not
+  Gods providence in such allegations.
+
+Theirs.
+
+  Now allbeite we at first judged y^e place so free y^t we might with
+  Gods good leave take & use it, without just offence to any man, it
+  being the Lords [213] wast, and for y^e presente altogeather voyd of
+  inhabitants, that indeede minded y^e imploymente therof, to y^e right
+  ends for which land was created, Gen: 1. 28. and for future intentions
+  of any, & uncertaine possibilities of this or that to be done by any,
+  we judging them (in such a case as ours espetialy) not meete to be
+  equalled with presente actions (such as ours was) much less worthy to
+  be prefered before them; and therfore did we make some weake beginings
+  in that good worke, in y^e place afforesaid.
+
+Ans: Their answer was to this effecte. That if it was y^e Lords wast, it
+was them selves that found it so, & not they; and have since bought it
+of y^e right oweners, and maintained a chargable possession upon it al
+this while, as them selves could not but know. And because of present
+ingagments and other hinderances which lay at presente upon them, must
+it therfore be lawfull for them to goe and take it from them? It was
+well known that they are upon a barren place, wher they were by
+necessitie cast; and neither they nor theirs could longe continue upon
+y^e same; and why should they (because they were more ready, & more able
+at presente) goe and deprive them of that which they had w^th charg &
+hazard provided, & intended to remove to, as soone as they could & were
+able?
+
+They had another passage in their letter; they had rather have to doe
+with the lords in England, to whom (as they heard it reported) some of
+them should say that they had rather give up their right to them, (if
+they must part with it,) then to y^e church of Dorchester, &c. And that
+they should be less fearfull to offend y^e lords, then they were them.
+
+Answer: Their answer was, that what soever they had heard, (more then
+was true,) yet y^e case was not so with them that they had need to give
+away their rights & adventurs, either to y^e lords, or them; yet, if
+they might measure their fear of offence by their practise, they had
+rather (in that poynte) they should deal with y^e lords, who were beter
+able to bear it, or help them selves, then they were.
+
+But least I should be teadious, I will forbear other things, and come
+to the conclusion that was made in y^e endd. To make any forcible
+resistance was farr from their thoughts, (they had enough of y^t about
+Kenebeck,) and to live in continuall contention with their freinds &
+brethren would be uncomfortable, and too heavie a burden to bear.
+Therfore for peace sake (though they conceived they suffered much in
+this thing) they thought it better to let them have it upon as good
+termes as they could gett; and so they fell to treaty. The first thing
+y^t (because they had made so many & long disputs aboute it) they would
+have them to grante was, y^t they had right too it, or ells they would
+never treat aboute it. The[DP] which being acknowledged, & yeelded unto
+by them, this was y^e conclusion they came unto in y^e end after much
+adoe: that they should retaine their house, and have the 16. parte of
+all they had bought of y^e Indeans; and y^e other should have all y^e
+rest of y^e land; leaveing such a moyety to those [214] of New-towne, as
+they reserved for them. This 16. part was to be taken in too places; one
+towards y^e house, the other towards New-townes proporrtion. Also they
+were to pay according to proportion, what had been disbursed to y^e
+Indeans for y^e purchass. Thus was y^e controversie ended, but the
+unkindnes not so soone forgotten. They of New-towne delt more fairly,
+desireing only what they could conveniently spare, from a competancie
+reserved for a plantation, for them selves; which made them the more
+carfull to procure a moyety for them, in this agreement & distribution.
+
+Amongst y^e other bussinesses that M^r. Winslow had to doe in England,
+he had order from y^e church to provid & bring over some able & fitt man
+for to be their minister. And accordingly he had procured a godly and a
+worthy[DQ] man, one M^r. Glover; but it pleased God when he was prepared
+for the viage, he fell sick of a feaver and dyed. Afterwards, when he
+was ready to come away, he became acquainted with M^r. Norton, who was
+willing to come over, but would not ingage him selfe to this place,
+otherwise then he should see occasion when he came hear; and if he liked
+better else wher, to repay y^e charge laid out for him, (which came to
+aboute 70^li.) and to be at his liberty. He stayed aboute a year with
+them, after he came over, and was well liked of them, & much desired by
+them; but he was invited to Ipswich, wher were many rich & able men, and
+sundry of his aquaintance; so he wente to them, & is their minister.
+Aboute half of y^e charg was repayed, y^e rest he had for y^e pains he
+tooke amongst them.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1636._
+
+M^R. ED: WINSLOW was chosen Gov^r this year.
+
+In y^e former year, because they perceived by M^r. Winslows later
+letters that no accounts would be sente, they resolved to keep y^e
+beaver, and send no more, till they had them, or came to some further
+agreemente. At least they would forbear till M^r. Winslow came over,
+that by more full conferance with him they might better understand what
+was meete to be done. But when he came, though he brought no accounts,
+yet he perswaded them to send y^e beaver, & was confident upon y^e
+receite of y^t beaver, & his letters, they should have accounts y^e
+nexte year; and though they thought his grounds but weake, that gave him
+this hope, & made him so confidente, yet by his importunitie they
+yeelded, & sente y^e same, ther being a ship at y^e latter end of year,
+by whom they sente 1150^li. waight of beaver, and 200. otter skins,
+besids sundrie small furrs, as 55. minks, 2. black foxe skins, &c. And
+this year, in the spring, came in a Dutch man, who thought to have
+traded at y^e Dutch-forte; [215] but they would not suffer him. He,
+having good store of trading goods, came to this place, & tendred them
+to sell; of whom they bought a good quantitie, they being very good &
+fitte for their turne, as Dutch roll, ketles, &c., which goods amounted
+to y^e valew of 500^li., for y^e paymente of which they passed bills to
+M^r. Sherley in England, having before sente y^e forementioned parcell
+of beaver. And now this year (by another ship) sente an other good round
+parcell that might come to his hands, & be sould before any of these
+bills should be due. The quantity of beaver now sent was 1809^li.
+waight, and of otters 10. skins, and shortly after (y^e same year) was
+sent by another ship (Mr. Langrume maister), in beaver 0719^li. waight,
+and of otter skins 199. concerning which M^r. Sherley thus writs.
+
+  Your leters I have received, with 8. hoggsheads of beaver by Ed:
+  Wilkinson, master of y^e Falcon. Blessed be God for y^e safe coming of
+  it. I have also seen & acceped 3. bills of exchainge, &c. But I must
+  now acquainte you how the Lords heavie hand is upon this kingdom in
+  many places, but cheefly in this cittie, with his judgmente of y^e
+  plague. The last weeks bill was 1200. & odd, I fear this will be more;
+  and it is much feared it will be a winter sicknes. By reason wherof it
+  is incredible y^e number of people y^t are gone into y^e cuntry & left
+  y^e citie. I am perswaded many more then went out y^e last sicknes; so
+  as here is no trading, carriers from most places put downe; nor no
+  receiving of any money, though long due. M^r. Hall ows us more then
+  would pay these bills, but he, his wife, and all, are in y^e cuntrie,
+  60. miles from London. I write to him, he came up, but could not pay
+  us. I am perswaded if I should offer to sell y^e beaver at 8s. p^r
+  pound, it would not yeeld money; but when y^e Lord shall please to
+  cease his hand, I hope we shall have better & quicker markets; so it
+  shall lye by. Before I accepted y^e bills, I acquainted M^r. Beachamp
+  & M^r. Andrews with them, & how ther could be no money made nor
+  received; and that it would be a great discredite to you, which never
+  yet had any turned back, and a shame to us, haveing 1800^li. of beaver
+  lying by us, and more oweing then y^e bills come too, &c. But all was
+  nothing; neither of them both will put too their finger to help. I
+  offered to supply my 3. parte, but they gave me their answer they
+  neither would nor could, &c. How ever, your bils shall be satisfied to
+  y^e parties good contente; but I would not have thought they would
+  have left either you or me at this time, &c. You will and may expect I
+  should write more, & answer your leters, but I am not a day in y^e
+  weeke at home at towne, but carry my books & all to Clapham; for here
+  is y^e miserablest time y^t I thinke hath been known in many ages. I
+  have kno[=w] 3. great sickneses, but none like this. And that which
+  should be a means to pacifie y^e Lord, & help us, that is taken away,
+  preaching put downe in many places, not a sermone in Westminster on
+  y^e saboth, nor in many townes aboute us; y^e Lord in mercie looke
+  uppon us. In the begining of y^e year was a great [216] drought, & no
+  raine for many weeks togeather, so as all was burnte up, haye, at
+  5^li. a load; and now all raine, so as much sommer come & later haye
+  is spoyled. Thus y^e Lord sends judgmente after judgmente, and yet we
+  cannot see, nor humble our selves; and therfore may justly fear
+  heavier judgments, unless we speedyly repente, & returne unto him,
+  which y^e Lord give us grace to doe, if it be his blessed will. Thus
+  desiring you to remember us in your prayers, I ever rest
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Sep^t: 14. 1636.
+
+This was all the answer they had from M^r. Sherley, by which M^r.
+Winslow saw his hops failed him. So they now resoloved to send no more
+beaver in y^t way which they had done, till they came to some issue or
+other aboute these things. But now came over letters from M^r. Andrews &
+M^r. Beachamp full of complaints, that they marveled y^t nothing was
+sent over, by which any of their moneys should be payed in; for it did
+appear by y^e accounte sente in An^o 1631. that they were each of them
+out, aboute a leven hundered pounds a peece, and all this while had not
+received one penie towards y^e same. But now M^r. Sherley sought to draw
+more money from them, and was offended because they deneyed him; and
+blamed them hear very much that all was sent to M^r. Sherley, & nothing
+to them. They marvelled much at this, for they conceived that much of
+their moneis had been paid in, & y^t yearly each of them had received a
+proportionable quantity out of y^e larg returnes sent home. For they had
+sente home since y^t accounte was received in An^o 1631. (in which all &
+more then all their debts, w^th y^t years supply, was charged upon them)
+these sumes following.
+
+  Nov^br 8. An^o 1631. By M^r. Peirce    0400^li. waight of
+                                                  beaver, & otters   20.
+  July 13.  An^o 1632. By M^r. Griffin   1348^li. beaver, & otters  147.
+            An^o 1633. By M^r. Graves    3366^li. bever,  & otters  346.
+            An^o 1634. By M^r. Andrews   3738^li. beaver, & otters  234.
+            An^o 1635. By M^r. Babb      1150^li. beaver, & otters  200.
+  June 24.  An^o 1636. By M^r. Wilkinson 1809^li. beaver, & otters  010.
+            Ibidem.    By M^r. Langrume  0719^li. beaver, & otters  199.
+                                        --------                   -----
+                                        12150^li.[DR]              1156.
+
+All these sumes were safly rceived & well sould, as appears by leters.
+The coat beaver usualy at 20^s. p^r pound, and some at 24^s.; the skin
+at 15. & sometimes 16. I doe not remember any under 14. It may be y^e
+last year might be something lower, so also ther were some small furrs
+that are not recconed in this accounte, & some black beaver at higer
+rates, to make up y^e defects. [217] It was conceived that y^e former
+parcells of beaver came to litle less then 10000^li. sterling, and y^e
+otter skins would pay all y^e charge, & they w^th other furrs make up
+besids if any thing wanted of y^e former sume. When y^e former accounte
+was passed, all their debts (those of White-Angelle & Frendship
+included) came but to 4770^li. And they could not estimate that all y^e
+supplies since sent them, & bills payed for them, could come to above
+2000^li. so as they conceived their debts had been payed, with advantage
+or intrest. But it may be objected, how comes it that they could not as
+well exactly sett downe their receits, as their returnes, but thus
+estimate it. I answer, 2. things were y^e cause of it; the first &
+principall was, that y^e new accountante, which they in England would
+needs presse upon them, did wholy faile them, & could never give them
+any accounte; but trusting to his memorie, & lose papers, let things
+rune into such confusion, that neither he, nor any with him, could bring
+things to rights. But being often called upon to perfecte his accounts,
+he desired to have such a time, and such a time of leasure, and he would
+doe it. In y^e intrime he fell into a great sicknes, and in conclusion
+it fell out he could make no accounte at all. His books were after a
+litle good begining left altogeather unperfect; and his papers, some
+were lost, & others so confused, as he knew not what to make of them him
+selfe, when they came to be searched & examined. This was not unknowne
+to M^r. Sherley; and they came to smarte for it to purposs, (though it
+was not their faulte,) both thus in England, and also here; for they
+conceived they lost some hundreds of pounds for goods trusted out in y^e
+place, which were lost for want of clear accounts to call them in.
+Another reason of this mischeefe was, that after M^r. Winslow was sente
+into England to demand accounts, and to excepte against y^e Whit-Angell,
+they never had any price sent with their goods, nor any certaine invoyce
+of them; but all things stood in confusion, and they were faine to
+guesse at y^e prises of them.
+
+They write back to M^r. Andrews & M^r. Beachamp, and tould them they
+marveled they should write they had sent nothing home since y^e last
+accounts; for they had sente a great deale; and it might rather be
+marveled how they could be able to send so much, besids defraying all
+charg at home, and what they had lost by the French, and so much cast
+away at sea, when M^r. Peirce lost his ship on y^e coast of Virginia.
+What they had sente was to them all, and to them selves as well as M^r.
+Sherley, and if they did not looke after it, it was their owne falts;
+they must referr them to M^r. Sherley, who had received [218] it, to
+demand it of him. They allso write to M^r. Sherley to y^e same purposs,
+and what the others complaints were.
+
+This year 2. shallops going to Coonigtecutt with goods from y^e
+Massachusetts of such as removed theither to plante, were in an easterly
+storme cast away in coming into this harbore in y^e night; the boats men
+were lost, and the goods were driven all alonge the shore, and strowed
+up & downe at high-water marke. But y^e Gov^r caused them to be gathered
+up, and drawn togeather, and appointed some to take an inventory of
+them, and others to wash & drie such things as had neede therof; by
+which means most of y^e goods were saved, and restored to y^e owners.
+Afterwards anotheir boate of theirs (going thither likwise) was cast
+away near unto Manoanscusett, and such goods as came a shore were
+preserved for them. Such crosses they mette with in their beginings;
+which some imputed as a correction from God for their intrution (to y^e
+wrong of others) into y^t place. But I dare not be bould with Gods
+judgments in this kind.
+
+In y^e year 1634, the Pequents (a stoute and warlike people), who had
+made warrs with sundry of their neigbours, and puft up with many
+victories, grue now at varience with y^e Narigansets, a great people
+bordering upon them. These Narigansets held correspondance and termes of
+freindship with y^e English of y^e Massachusetts. Now y^e Pequents,
+being conscious of y^e guilte of Captain-Stones death, whom they knew to
+be an-English man, as also those y^t were with him, and being fallen out
+with y^e Dutch, least they should have over many enemies at once, sought
+to make freindship with y^e English of y^e Massachusetts; and for y^t
+end sent both messengers & gifts unto them, as appears by some letters
+sent from y^e Gov^r hither.
+
+  Dear & worthy S^r: &c. To let you know somwhat of our affairs, you may
+  understand that y^e Pequents have sent some of theirs to us, to desire
+  our freindship, and offered much wampam & beaver, &c. The first
+  messengers were dismissed without answer; with y^e next we had diverce
+  dayes conferance, and taking y^e advice of some of our ministers, and
+  seeking the Lord in it, we concluded a peace & freindship with them,
+  upon these conditions: that they should deliver up to us those men who
+  were guilty of Stones death, &c. And if we desired to plant in
+  Conightecute, they should give up their right to us, and so we would
+  send to trade with them as our freinds (which was y^e cheefe thing we
+  aimed at, being now in warr with y^e Dutch and y^e rest of their
+  neigbours). To this they readily agreed; and that we should meadiate a
+  peace betweene them and the Narigansetts; for which end they were
+  contente we should give the Narigansets parte of y^t presente, they
+  would bestow on us (for they stood [219][DS] so much on their honour,
+  as they would not be seen to give any thing of them selves). As for
+  Captein Stone, they tould us ther were but 2. left of those who had
+  any hand in his death; and that they killed him in a just quarell, for
+  (say they) he surprised 2. of our men, and bound them, to make them by
+  force to shew him y^e way up y^e river;[DT] and he with 2. other
+  coming on shore, 9. Indeans watched him, and when they were a sleepe
+  in y^e night, they kiled them, to deliver their owne men; and some of
+  them going afterwards to y^e pinass, it was suddainly blowne up. We
+  are now preparing to send a pinass unto them, &c.
+
+In an other of his, dated y^e 12. of y^e first month, he hath this.
+
+  Our pinass is latly returned from y^e Pequents; they put of but litle
+  comoditie, and found them a very false people, so as they mean to have
+  no more to doe with them. I have diverce other things to write unto
+  you, &c.
+
+  Yours ever assured,
+  JO: WINTHROP.
+
+  Boston, 12. of y^e 1. month, 1634.
+
+After these things, and, as I take, this year, John Oldom, (of whom much
+is spoken before,) being now an inhabitant of y^e Massachusetts, went
+w^th a small vessell, & slenderly mand, a trading into these south
+parts, and upon a quarell betweene him & y^e Indeans was cutt of by them
+(as hath been before noted) at an iland called by y^e Indeans Munisses,
+but since by y^e English Block Iland. This, with y^e former about the
+death of Stone, and the baffoyling of y^e Pequents with y^e English of
+y^e Massachusetts, moved them to set out some to take revenge, and
+require satisfaction for these wrongs; but it was done so superfitially,
+and without their acquainting of those of Conightecute & other
+neighbours with y^e same, as they did litle good. But their neigbours
+had more hurt done, for some of y^e murderers of Oldome fled to y^e
+Pequents, and though the English went to y^e Pequents, and had some
+parley with them, yet they did but delude them, & y^e English returned
+without doing any thing to purpose, being frustrate of their
+oppertunitie by y^e others deceite. After y^e English were returned, the
+Pequents tooke their time and oppertunitie to cut of some of y^e English
+as they passed in boats, and went on fouling, and assaulted them y^e
+next spring at their habytations, as will appear in its place. I doe but
+touch these things, because I make no question they wall be more fully &
+distinctly handled by them selves, who had more exacte knowledg of them,
+and whom they did more properly concerne.
+
+This year M^r. Smith layed downe his place of ministrie, partly by his
+owne willingnes, as thinking it too heavie a burthen, and partly at the
+desire, and by y^e perswasion, of others; and the church sought out for
+[220][DU] some other, having often been disappointed in their hops and
+desires heretofore. And it pleased the Lord to send them an able and a
+godly man,[DV] and of a meeke and humble spirite, sound in y^e truth,
+and every way unreproveable in his life & conversation; whom, after some
+time of triall, they chose for their teacher, the fruits of whose
+labours they injoyed many years with much comforte, in peace, & good
+agreemente.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1637._
+
+In y^e fore parte of this year, the Pequents fell openly upon y^e
+English at Conightecute, in y^e lower parts of y^e river, and slew
+sundry of them, (as they were at work in y^e feilds,) both men & women,
+to y^e great terrour of y^e rest; and wente away in great prid &
+triumph, with many high threats. They allso assalted a fort at y^e
+rivers mouth, though strong and well defended; and though they did not
+their prevaile, yet it struk them with much fear & astonishmente to see
+their bould attempts in the face of danger; which made them in all
+places to stand upon their gard, and to prepare for resistance, and
+ernestly to solissite their freinds and confederats in y^e Bay of
+Massachusets to send them speedy aide, for they looked for more forcible
+assaults. M^r. Vane, being then Gov^r, write from their Generall Courte
+to them hear, to joyne with them in this warr; to which they were
+cordially willing, but tooke opportunitie to write to them aboute some
+former things, as well as presente, considerable hereaboute. The which
+will best appear in y^e Gov^r answer which he returned to y^e same,
+which I shall here inserte.
+
+  S^r: The Lord having so disposed, as that your letters to our late
+  Gov^r is fallen to my lott to make answer unto, I could have wished I
+  might have been at more freedome of time & thoughts also, that I might
+  have done it more to your & my owne satisfaction. But what shall be
+  wanting now may be supplyed hereafter. For y^e matters which from your
+  selfe & counsell were propounded & objected to us, we thought not
+  fitte to make them so publicke as y^e cognizance of our Generall
+  Courte. But as they have been considered by those of our counsell,
+  this answer we thinke fitt to returne unto you. (1.) Wereas you
+  signifie your willingnes to joyne with us in this warr against y^e
+  Pequents, though you cannot ingage your selves without y^e consente of
+  your Generall Courte, we acknowledg your good affection towards us,
+  (which we never had cause to doubt of,) and are willing to attend your
+  full resolution, when it may most seasonably be ripened. (2^ly.)
+  Wheras you make this warr to be our peopls, and not [221] to conceirne
+  your selves, otherwise then by consequence, we do in parte consente to
+  you therin; yet we suppose, that, in case of perill, you will not
+  stand upon such terms, as we hope we should not doe towards you; and
+  withall we conceive that you looke at y^e Pequents, and all other
+  Indeans, as a co[=m]one enimie, who, though he may take occasion of
+  y^e begining of his rage, from some one parte of y^e English, yet if
+  he prevaile, will surly pursue his advantage, to y^e rooting out of
+  y^e whole nation. Therfore when we desired your help, we did it not
+  without respecte to your owne saftie, as ours. (3^ly.) Wheras you
+  desire we should be ingaged to aide you, upon all like occasions; we
+  are perswaded you doe not doubte of it; yet as we now deale with you
+  as a free people, and at libertie, so as we cannot draw you into this
+  warr with us, otherwise then as reason may guid & provock you; so we
+  desire we may be at y^e like freedome, when any occasion may call for
+  help from us. And wheras it is objected to us, that we refused to aide
+  you against y^e French; we conceive y^e case was not alicke; yet we
+  cannot wholy excuse our failing in that matter. (4^ly.) Weras you
+  objecte that we began y^e warr without your privitie, & managed it
+  contrary to your advise; the truth is, that our first intentions being
+  only against Block Iland, and y^e interprice seeming of small
+  difficultie, we did not so much as consider of taking advice, or
+  looking out for aide abroad. And when we had resolved upon y^e
+  Pequents, we sent presently, or not long after, to you aboute it; but
+  y^e answer received, it was not seasonable for us to chaing our
+  counsells, excepte we had seen and waighed your grounds, which might
+  have out wayed our owne.
+
+  (5^ly.) For our peoples trading at Kenebeck, we assure you (to our
+  knowledge) it hath not been by any allowance from us; and what we have
+  provided in this and like cases, at our last Courte, M^r. E. W. can
+  certifie you.
+
+  And (6^ly); wheras you objecte to us y^t we should hold trade &
+  correspondancie with y^e French, your enemise; we answer, you are
+  misinformed, for, besids some letters which hath passed betweene our
+  late Gov^r and them, to which we were privie, we have neither sente
+  nor incouraged ours to trade with them; only one vessell or tow, for
+  y^e better conve[=a]ce of our letters, had licens from our Gov^r to
+  sayle thither.[DW]
+
+  Diverce other things have been privatly objected to us, by our worthy
+  freind, wherunto he received some answer; but most of them concerning
+  y^e apprehention of perticuler discurteseis, or injueries from some
+  perticuler persons amongst us. It concernes us not to give any other
+  answer to them then this; that, if y^e offenders shall be brought
+  forth in a right way, we shall be ready to doe justice as y^e case
+  shall require. In the meane time, we desire you to rest assured, that
+  such things are without our privity, and not a litle greeveous to us.
+
+  Now for y^e joyning with us in this warr, which indeed concerns us no
+  other wise then it may your selves, viz.: the releeving of our freinds
+  & Christian [222] breethren, who are now first in y^e danger; though
+  you may thinke us able to make it good without you, (as, if y^e Lord
+  please to be with us, we may,) yet 3. things we offer to your
+  consideration, which (we conceive) may have some waight with you.
+  (First) y^t if we should sinck under this burden, your opportunitie of
+  seasonable help would be lost in 3. respects. 1. You cannot recover
+  us, or secure your selves ther, with 3. times y^e charge & hazard
+  which now y^e may. 2^ly. The sorrowes which we should lye under (if
+  through your neglect) would much abate of y^e acceptablenes of your
+  help afterwards. 3^ly. Those of yours who are now full of courage and
+  forwardnes, would be much damped, and so less able to undergoe so
+  great a burden. The (2.) thing is this, that it concernes us much to
+  hasten this warr to an end before y^e end of this somer, otherwise y^e
+  newes of it will discourage both your & our freinds from coming to us
+  next year; with what further hazard & losse it may expose us unto,
+  your selves may judge.
+
+  The (3.) thing is this, that if y^e Lord shall please to blesse our
+  endeaours, so as we end y^e warr, or put it in a hopefull way without
+  you, it may breed such ill thoughts in our people towards yours, as
+  will be hard to entertaine such opinione of your good will towards
+  us, as were fitt to be nurished among such neigbours & brethren as we
+  are. And what ill consequences may follow, on both sids, wise men may
+  fear, & would rather prevente then hope to redress. So with my harty
+  salutations to you selfe, and all your counsell, and other our good
+  freinds with you, I rest
+
+  Yours most assured in y^e Lord,
+  JO: WINTHROP.
+
+  Boston, y^e 20. of y^e 3. month, 1637.
+
+In y^e mean time, the Pequents, espetially in y^e winter before, sought
+to make peace with y^e Narigansets, and used very pernicious arguments
+to move them therunto: as that y^e English were stranegers and begane to
+overspred their countrie, and would deprive them therof in time, if they
+were suffered to grow & increse; and if y^e Narigansets did assist y^e
+English to subdue them, they did but make way for their owne overthrow,
+for if they were rooted out, the English would soone take occasion to
+subjugate them; and if they would harken to them, they should not neede
+to fear y^e strength of y^e English; for they would not come to open
+battle with them, but fire their houses, kill their katle, and lye in
+ambush for them as they went abroad upon their occasions; and all this
+they might easily doe without any or litle danger to them selves. The
+which course being held, they well saw the English could not long
+subsiste, but they would either be starved with hunger, or be forced to
+forsake the countrie; with many y^e like things; insomuch that y^e
+Narigansets were once wavering, and were halfe minded to have made peace
+with them, and jo[=y]ed against y^e English. But againe when they
+considered, how much wrong they had received from the Pequents, and what
+an oppertunitie they now had by y^e help of y^e English to right them
+selves, revenge was so sweete unto them, as it prevailed above all y^e
+rest; so as they resolved to joyne with y^e English against them, & did.
+[223] The Court here agreed forwith to send 50. men at their owne charg;
+and w^th as much speed as posiblie they could, gott them armed, and had
+made them ready under sufficiente leaders, and provided a barke to
+carrie them provisions & tend upon them for all occasions; but when they
+were ready to march (with a supply from y^e Bay) they had word to stay,
+for y^e enimy was as good as vanquished, and their would be no neede.
+
+I shall not take upon me exactly to describe their proceedings in these
+things, because I expecte it will be fully done by them selves, who best
+know the carrage & circumstances of things; I shall therfore but touch
+them in generall. From Connightecute (who were most sencible of y^e hurt
+sustained, & y^e present danger), they sett out a partie of men, and an
+other partie mett them from y^e Bay, at y^e Narigansets, who were to
+joyne with them. Y^e Narigansets were ernest to be gone before y^e
+English were well rested and refreshte, espetially some of them which
+came last. It should seeme their desire was to come upon y^e enemie
+sudenly, & undiscovered. Ther was a barke of this place, newly put in
+ther, which was come from Conightecutte, who did incourage them to lay
+hold of y^e Indeans forwardnes, and to shew as great forwardnes as they,
+for it would incorage them, and expedition might prove to their great
+advantage. So they went on, and so ordered their march, as the Indeans
+brought them to a forte of y^e enimies (in which most of their cheefe
+men were) before day. They approached y^e same with great silence, and
+surrounded it both with English & Indeans, that they might not breake
+out; and so assualted them with great courage, shooting amongst them,
+and entered y^e forte with all speed; and those y^t first entered found
+sharp resistance from the enimie, who both shott at & grapled with them;
+others rane into their howses, & brought out fire, and sett them on
+fire, which soone tooke in their matts, &, standing close togeather,
+with y^e wind, all was quickly on a flame, and therby more were burnte
+to death then was otherwise slain; it burnte their bowstrings, and made
+them unservisable. Those y^t scaped y^e fire were slaine with y^e sword;
+some hewed to peeces, others rune throw with their rapiers, so as they
+were quickly dispatchte, and very few escaped. It was conceived they
+thus destroyed about 400. at this time. It was a fearfull sight to see
+them thus frying in y^e fyer, and y^e streams of blood quenching y^e
+same, and horrible was y^e stinck & sente ther of; but y^e victory
+seemed a sweete sacrifice, and they gave the prays therof to God, who
+had wrought so wonderfuly for them, thus to inclose their enimise in
+their hands, and give them so speedy a victory over so proud & insulting
+an enimie. The Narigansett Indeans, all this while, stood round aboute,
+but aloofe from all danger, and left y^e whole [224] execution to y^e
+English, exept it were y^e stoping of any y^t broke away, insulting over
+their enimies in this their ruine & miserie, when they saw them dancing
+in y^e flames, calling them by a word in their owne language, signifing,
+O brave Pequents! which they used familierly among them selves in their
+own prayes, in songs of triumph after their victories. After this servis
+was thus happily accomplished, they marcht to the water side, wher they
+mett with some of their vesells, by which they had refreishing with
+victualls & other necessaries. But in their march y^e rest of y^e
+Pequents drew into a body, and acoasted them, thinking to have some
+advantage against them by[DX] reason of a neck of land; but when they
+saw the English prepare for them, they kept a loofe, so as they neither
+did hurt, nor could receive any. After their refreishing & repair to
+geather for further counsell & directions, they resolved to pursue their
+victory, and follow y^e warr against y^e rest, but y^e Narigansett
+Indeans most of them forsooke them, and such of them as they had with
+them for guids, or otherwise, they found them very could and backward in
+y^e bussines, ether out of envie, or y^t they saw y^e English would make
+more profite of y^e victorie then they were willing they should, or els
+deprive them of such advantage as them selves desired by having them
+become tributaries unto them, or y^e like.
+
+For y^e rest of this bussines, I shall only relate y^e same as it is in
+a leter which came from M^r. Winthrop to y^e Gov^r hear, as followeth.
+
+  Worthy S^r: I received your loving letter, and am much provocked to
+  express my affections towards you, but straitnes of time forbids me;
+  for my desire is to acquainte you with y^e Lords greate mercies
+  towards us, in our prevailing against his & our enimies; that you may
+  rejoyce and praise his name with us. About 80. of our men, haveing
+  costed along towards y^e Dutch plantation, (some times by water, but
+  most by land,) mett hear & ther with some Pequents, whom they slew or
+  tooke prisoners. 2. sachems they tooke, & beheaded; and not hearing of
+  Sassacous, (the cheefe sachem,) they gave a prisoner his life, to goe
+  and find him out. He wente and brought them word where he was, but
+  Sassacouse, suspecting him to be a spie, after he was gone, fled away
+  with some 20. more to y^e Mowakes, so our men missed of him. Yet,
+  deviding them selves, and ranging up & downe, as y^e providence of God
+  guided them (for y^e Indeans were all gone, save 3. or 4. and they
+  knew not whither to guid them, or els would not), upon y^e 13. of this
+  month, they light upon a great company of them, viz. 80. strong men, &
+  200. women & children, in a small Indean towne, fast by a hideous
+  swamp, which they all slipped into before our men could gett to them.
+  Our captains were not then come togeither, but ther was M^r. Ludlow
+  and Captaine Masson, with some 10. [225] of their men, & Captaine
+  Patrick with some 20. or more of his, who, shooting at y^e Indeans,
+  Captaine Trask with 50. more came soone in at y^e noyse. Then they
+  gave order to surround y^e swampe, it being aboute a mile aboute; but
+  Levetenante Davenporte & some 12. more, not hearing that co[=m]and,
+  fell into y^e swampe among y^e Indeans. The swampe was so thicke with
+  shrub-woode, & so boggie with all, that some of them stuck fast, and
+  received many shott. Levetenant Davenport was dangerously wounded
+  aboute his armehole, and another shott in y^e head, so as, fainting,
+  they were in great danger to have been taken by y^e Indeans. But
+  Sargante Rigges, & Jeffery, and 2. or 3. more, rescued them, and slew
+  diverse of y^e Indeans with their swords. After they were drawne out,
+  the Indeans desired parley, & were offered (by Thomas Stanton, our
+  interpretour) that, if they would come out, and yeeld them selves,
+  they should have their lives, all that had not their hands in y^e
+  English blood. Wherupon y^e sachem of y^e place came forth, and an old
+  man or 2. & their wives and children, and after that some other women
+  & children, and so they spake 2. howers, till it was night. Then
+  Thomas Stanton was sente into them againe, to call them forth; but
+  they said they would selle their lives their, and so shott at him so
+  thicke as, if he had not cried out, and been presently rescued, they
+  had slaine him. Then our men cutt of a place of y^e swampe with their
+  swords, and cooped the Indeans into so narrow a compass, as they could
+  easier kill them throw y^e thickets. So they continued all y^e night,
+  standing aboute 12. foote one from an other, and y^e Indeans, coming
+  close up to our men, shot their arrows so thicke, as they pierced
+  their hatte brimes, & their sleeves, & stockins, & other parts of
+  their cloaths, yet so miraculously did the Lord preserve them as not
+  one of them was wounded, save those 3. who rashly went into y^e
+  swampe. When it was nere day, it grue very darke, so as those of them
+  which were left dropt away betweene our men, though they stood but 12.
+  or 14. foote assunder; but were presenly discovered, & some killed in
+  y^e pursute. Upon searching of y^e swampe, y^e next morning, they
+  found 9. slaine, & some they pulled up, whom y^e Indeans had buried in
+  y^e mire, so as they doe thinke that, of all this company, not 20. did
+  escape, for they after found some who dyed in their flight of their
+  wounds received. The prisoners were devided, some to those of y^e
+  river, and the rest to us. Of these we send y^e male children to
+  Bermuda,[DY] by M^r. William Peirce, & y^e women & maid children are
+  disposed aboute in the townes. Ther have been now slaine & taken, in
+  all, aboute 700. The rest are dispersed, and the Indeans in all
+  quarters so terrified as all their friends are affraid to receive
+  them. 2. of y^e sachems of Long Iland came to M^r. Stoughton and
+  tendered them selves to be tributaries under our protection. And 2. of
+  y^e Neepnett sachems have been with me to seeke our frendship. Amonge
+  the prisoners we have y^e wife & children of Mononotto, a womon of a
+  very modest countenance and behaviour. It was by her mediation that
+  the[DZ] 2. English [226] maids were spared from death, and were kindly
+  used by her; so that I have taken charge of her. One of her first
+  requests was, that the English would not abuse her body, and that her
+  children might not be taken from her. Those which were wounded were
+  fetched of soone by John Galopp, who came with his shalop in a happie
+  houre, to bring them victuals, and to carrie their wounded men to y^e
+  pinass, wher our cheefe surgeon was, w^th M^r. Willson, being aboute
+  8. leagues off. Our people are all in health, (y^e Lord be praised,)
+  and allthough they had marched in their armes all y^e day, and had
+  been in fight all y^e night, yet they professed they found them selves
+  so fresh as they could willingly have gone to such another bussines.
+
+  This is y^e substance of that which I received, though I am forced to
+  omite many considerable circomstances. So, being in much straitnes of
+  time, (the ships being to departe within this 4. days, and in them the
+  Lord Lee and M^r. Vane,) I hear breake of, and with harty saluts to,
+  &c., I rest
+
+  Yours assured,
+  JO: WINTHROP.
+
+  The 28. of y^e 5. month, 1637.
+
+  The captains reporte we have slaine 13. sachems; but Sassacouse &
+  Monotto are yet living.
+
+That I may make an end of this matter: this Sassacouse (y^e Pequents
+cheefe sachem) being fled to y^e Mowhakes, they cutt of his head, with
+some other of y^e cheefe of them, whether to satisfie y^e English, or
+rather y^e Narigansets, (who, as I have since heard, hired them to doe
+it,) or for their owne advantage, I well know not; but thus this warr
+tooke end. The rest of y^e Pequents were wholy driven from their place,
+and some of them submitted them selves to y^e Narigansets, & lived under
+them; others of them betooke them selves to y^e Monhiggs, under Uncass,
+their sachem, w^th the approbation of y^e English of Conightecutt, under
+whose protection Uncass lived, and he and his men had been faithful to
+them in this warr, & done them very good service. But this did so vexe
+the Narrigansetts, that they had not y^e whole sweay over them, as they
+have never ceased plotting and contriving how to bring them under, and
+because they cannot attaine their ends, because of y^e English who have
+protected them, they have sought to raise a generall conspiracie against
+y^e English, as will appear in an other place.
+
+They had now letters againe out of England from M^r. Andrews & M^r.
+Beachamp, that M^r. Sherley neither had nor would pay them any money, or
+give them any accounte, and so with much discontent desired them hear to
+send them some, much blaming them still, that they had sent all to M^r.
+Sherley, & none to them selves. Now, though they might have justly
+referred them to their former answer, and insisted ther upon, & some
+wise men counselled them so to doe, yet because they beleeved that [227]
+they were realy out round sumes of money, (espetialy M^r. Andrews,) and
+they had some in their hands, they resolved to send them what bever they
+had.[EA] M^r. Sherleys letters were to this purpose: that, as they had
+left him in y^e paiment of y^e former bills, so he had tould them he
+would leave them in this, and beleeve it, they should find it true. And
+he was as good as his word, for they could never gett peney from him,
+nor bring him to any accounte, though Mr. Beachamp sued him in y^e
+Chancerie. But they all of them turned their complaints against them
+here, wher ther was least cause, and who had suffered most unjustly;
+first from M^r. Allerton & them, in being charged with so much of y^t
+which they never had, nor drunke for; and now in paying all, & more then
+all (as they conceived), and yet still thus more demanded, and that with
+many heavie charges. They now discharged M^r. Sherley from his agencie,
+and forbad him to buy or send over any more goods for them, and prest
+him to come to some end about these things.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1638._
+
+This year M^r. Thomas Prence was chosen Gov^r.
+
+Amongst other enormities that fell out amongst them, this year 3. men
+were (after due triall) executed for robery & murder which they had
+committed; their names were these, Arthur Peach, Thomas Jackson, and
+Richard Stinnings; ther was a 4., Daniel Crose, who was also guilty, but
+he escaped away, and could not be found. This Arthur Peach was y^e
+cheefe of them, and y^e ring leader of all y^e rest. He was a lustie and
+a desperate yonge man, and had been one of y^e souldiers in y^e Pequente
+warr, and had done as good servise as y^e most ther, and one of y^e
+forwardest in any attempte. And being now out of means, and loath to
+worke, and falling to idle courses & company, he intended to goe to y^e
+Dutch plantation; and had alured these 3., being other mens servants and
+apprentices, to goe with him. But another cause ther was allso of his
+secret going away in this maner; he was not only rune into debte, but he
+had gott a maid with child, (which was not known till after his death,)
+a mans servante in y^e towne, and fear of punishmente made him gett
+away. The other 3. complotting with him, ranne away from their maisters
+in the night, and could not be heard of, for they went not y^e ordinarie
+way, but shaped such a course as they thought to avoyd y^e pursute of
+any [228]. But falling into y^e way that lyeth betweene y^e Bay of
+Massachusetts and the Narrigansets, and being disposed to rest them
+selves, struck fire, and took tobaco, a litle out of y^e way, by y^e way
+side. At length ther came a Narigansett Indean by, who had been in y^e
+Bay a trading, and had both cloth & beads aboute him. (They had meett
+him y^e day before, & he was now returning.) Peach called him to drinke
+tobaco with them, and he came & sate downe with them. Peach tould y^e
+other he would kill him, and take what he had from him. But they were
+some thing afraid; but he said, Hang him, rogue, he had killed many of
+them. So they let him alone to doe as he would; and when he saw his
+time, he tooke a rapier and rane him through the body once or twise, and
+tooke from him 5. fathume of wampam, and 3. coats of cloath, and wente
+their way, leaving him for dead. But he scrabled away, when they were
+gone, and made shift to gett home, (but dyed within a few days after,)
+by which means they were discovered; and by subtilty the Indeans tooke
+them. For they desiring a canow to sett them over a water, (not thinking
+their facte had been known,) by y^e sachems command they were carried to
+Aquidnett Iland, & ther accused of y^e murder, and were examend &
+comitted upon it by y^e English ther. The Indeans sent for M^r.
+Williams, & made a greeveous complainte; his freinds and kinred were
+ready to rise in armes, and provock the rest therunto, some conceiving
+they should now find y^e Pequents words trew: that y^e English would
+fall upon them. But M^r. Williams pacified them, & tould them, they
+should see justice done upon y^e offenders; & wente to y^e man, & tooke
+M^r. James, a phisition, with him. The man tould him who did it, & in
+what maner it was done; but the phisition found his wounds mortall, and
+that he could not live, (as he after testified upon othe, before the
+jurie in oppen courte,) and so he dyed shortly after, as both Mr.
+Williams, M^r. James, & some Indeans testified in courte. The Gov^rt in
+the Bay were aquented with it, but refferrd it hither, because it was
+done in this jurisdiction;[EB] but pressed by all means y^t justice
+might be done in it; or els y^e countrie must rise & see justice done,
+otherwise it would raise a warr. Yet some of y^e rude & ignorante sorte
+murmured that any English should be put to death for y^e Indeans. So at
+last they of y^e iland brought them hither, and being often examened,
+and y^e evidence prodused, they all in the end freely confessed in
+effect all y^t the Indean accused them of, & that they had done it, in
+y^e maner afforesaid; and so, upon y^e forementioned evidence, were cast
+by y^e jurie, & condemned, & executed for the same. And some of y^e
+Narigansett Indeans, & of y^e parties freinds, were presente when it was
+done, which gave them & all y^e countrie good satisfaction. But it was a
+matter of much sadnes to them hear, and was y^e 2. execution which they
+had since they came; being both for wilfull murder, as hath bene before
+related. Thus much of this mater.
+
+[229] They received this year more letters from England full of reneued
+complaints, on y^e one side, that they could gett no money nor accounte
+from M^r. Sherley; & he againe, y^t he was pressed therto, saying he was
+to accounte with those hear, and not with them, &c. So, as was before
+resolved, if nothing came of their last letters, they would now send
+them what they could, as supposing, when some good parte was payed them,
+that M^r. Sherley & they would more easily agree aboute y^e remainder.
+
+So they sent to M^r. Andrews and M^r. Beachamp, by M^r. Joseph Yonge, in
+y^e Mary & Anne, 1325^li. waight of beaver, devided betweene them. M^r.
+Beachamp returned an accounte of his moyety, that he made 400^li.
+starling of it, fraight and all charges paid. But M^r. Andrews, though
+he had y^e more and beter parte, yet he made not so much of his, through
+his owne indiscretion; and yet turned y^e loss[EC] upon them hear, but
+without cause.
+
+They sent them more by bills & other paimente, which was received &
+acknowledged by them, in money[ED] & y^e like; which was for katle sould
+of M^r. Allertons, and y^e price of a bark sold, which belonged to y^e
+stock, and made over to them in money, 434^li. sterling. The whole sume
+was 1234^li. sterling, save what M^r. Andrews lost in y^e beaver, which
+was otherwise made good. But yet this did not stay their clamors, as
+will apeare here after more at large.
+
+It pleased God, in these times, so to blesse y^e cuntry with such access
+& confluance of people into it, as it was therby much inriched, and
+catle of all kinds stood at a high rate for diverce years together. Kine
+were sould at 20^li. and some at 25^li. a peece, yea, some times at
+28^li. A cow-calfe usually at 10^li. A milch goate at 3^li. & some at
+4^li. And femall kids at 30^s. and often at 40^s. a peece. By which
+means y^e anciente planters which had any stock begane to grow in their
+estats. Corne also wente at a round rate, viz. 6^s. a bushell. So as
+other trading begane to be neglected; and the old partners (having now
+forbidden M^r. Sherley to send them any more goods) broke of their trade
+at Kenebeck, and, as things stood, would follow it no longer. But some
+of them, (with other they joyned with,) being loath it should be lost by
+discontinuance, agreed with y^e company for it, and gave them aboute y^e
+6. parte of their gaines for it; [230][EE] with y^e first fruits of
+which they builte a house for a prison; and the trade ther hath been
+since continued, to y^e great benefite of y^e place; for some well
+fore-sawe that these high prises of corne and catle would not long
+continue, and that then y^e co[=m]odities ther raised would be much
+missed.
+
+This year, aboute y^e 1. or 2. of June, was a great & fearfull
+earthquake; it was in this place heard before it was felte. It came with
+a rumbling noyse, or low murmure, like unto remoate thunder; it came
+from y^e norward, & pased southward. As y^e noyse aproched nerer, they
+earth begane to shake, and came at length with that violence as caused
+platters, dishes, & such like things as stoode upon shelves, to clatter
+& fall downe; yea, persons were afraid of y^e houses them selves. It so
+fell oute y^t at y^e same time diverse of y^e cheefe of this towne were
+mett together at one house, conferring with some of their freinds that
+were upon their removall from y^e place, (as if y^e Lord would herby
+shew y^e signes of his displeasure, in their shaking a peeces &
+removalls one from an other.) How ever it was very terrible for y^e
+time, and as y^e men were set talking in y^e house, some women & others
+were without y^e dores, and y^e earth shooke with y^t violence as they
+could not stand without catching hould of y^e posts & pails y^t stood
+next them; but y^e violence lasted not long. And about halfe an hower,
+or less, came an other noyse & shaking, but nether so loud nor strong as
+y^e former, but quickly passed over; and so it ceased. It was not only
+on y^e sea coast, but y^e Indeans felt it within land; and some ships
+that were upon y^e coast were shaken by it. So powerfull is y^e mighty
+hand of y^e Lord, as to make both the earth & sea to shake, and the
+mountaines to tremble before him, when he pleases; and who can stay his
+hand? It was observed that y^e so[=m]ers, for divers years togeather
+after this earthquake, were not so hotte & seasonable for y^e ripning of
+corne & other fruits as formerly; but more could & moyst, & subjecte to
+erly & untimly frosts, by which, many times, much Indean corne came not
+to maturitie; but whether this was any cause, I leave it to naturallists
+to judge.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1639. & Anno Dom: 1640._
+
+These 2. years I joyne togeather, because in them fell not out many
+things more then y^e ordinary passages of their co[=m]one affaires,
+which are not needfull to be touched. [231] Those of this plantation
+having at sundrie times granted lands for severall townships, and
+amongst y^e rest to y^e inhabitants of Sityate, some wherof issewed from
+them selves, and allso a large tracte of land was given to their 4.
+London partners in y^e place, viz. M^r. Sherley, M^r. Beacham, M^r.
+Andrews, & M^r. Hatherley. At M^r. Hatherley's request and choys it was
+by him taken for him selfe and them in y^t place; for the other 3. had
+invested him with power & trust to chose for them. And this tracte of
+land extended to their utmoste limets that way, and bordered on their
+neigbours of y^e Massachusets, who had some years after seated a towne
+(called Hingam) on their lands next to these parts. So as now ther grue
+great differance betweene these 2. townships, about their bounds, and
+some meadow grownds that lay betweene them. They of Hingam presumed to
+alotte parte of them to their people, and measure & stack them out. The
+other pulled up their stacks, & threw them. So it grew to a controversie
+betweene the 2. goverments, & many letters and passages were betweene
+them aboute it; and it hunge some 2. years in suspense. The Courte of
+Massachusets, appointed some to range their line according to y^e bounds
+of their patente, and (as they wente to worke) they made it to take in
+all Sityate, and I know not how much more. Againe, on y^e other hand,
+according to y^e line of the patente of this place, it would take in
+Hingame and much more within their bounds.
+
+In y^e end boath Courts agreed to chose 2. comissioners of each side,
+and to give them full & absolute power to agree and setle y^e bounds
+betwene them; and what they should doe in y^e case should stand
+irrevocably. One meeting they had at Hingam, but could not conclude; for
+their comissioners stoode stiffly on a clawes in their graunte, That
+from Charles-river, or any branch or parte therof, they were to extend
+their limits, and 3. myles further to y^e southward; or from y^e most
+southward parte of y^e Massachusets Bay, and 3. mile further. But they
+chose to stand on y^e former termes, for they had found a smale river,
+or brooke rather, that a great way with in land trended southward, and
+issued into some part of y^t river taken to be Charles-river, and from
+y^e most southerly part of this, & 3. mile more southward of y^e same,
+they would rune a line east to y^e sea, aboute 20. mile; which will (say
+they) take in a part of Plimoth itselfe. Now it is to be knowne y^t
+though this patente & plantation were much the ancienter, yet this
+inlargemente of the same (in which Sityate stood) was granted after
+theirs, and so theirs were first to take place, before this inlargmente.
+Now their answer was, first, that, however according to their owne plan,
+they could noway come upon any part of their ancieante grante. [232]
+Secondly. They could never prove y^t to be a parte of Charles-river, for
+they knew not which was Charles-river, but as y^e people of this place,
+which came first, imposed such a name upon y^t river, upon which, since,
+Charles-towne is builte (supposing y^t was it, which Captaine Smith in
+his mapp so named). Now they y^t first named it have best reason to know
+it, and to explaine which is it. But they only tooke it to be Charles
+river, as fare as it was by them navigated, and y^t was as farr as a
+boate could goe. But y^t every runlett or small brooke, y^t should, farr
+within land, come into it, or mixe their stremes with it, and were by
+y^e natives called by other & differente names from it, should now by
+them be made Charles-river, or parts of it, they saw no reason for it.
+And gave instance in Humber, in Old England, which had y^e Trente, Ouse,
+and many others of lesser note fell into it, and yet were not counted
+parts of it; and many smaler rivers & broks fell into y^e Trente, &
+Ouse, and no parts of them, but had nams aparte, and divisions &
+nominations of them selves. Againe, it was pleaded that they had no east
+line in their patente, but were to begine at y^e sea, and goe west by a
+line, &c. At this meeting no conclution was made, but things discussed &
+well prepared for an issue. The next year y^e same co[=m]issioners had
+their power continued or renewed, and mett at Sityate, and concluded y^e
+mater, as followeth.
+
+_The agreemente of y^e bounds betwixte Plimoth and Massachusetts._
+
+  Wheras ther were tow comissiones granted by y^e 2. jurisdictions, y^e
+  one of Massachsets Govermente, granted unto John Endecott, gent: and
+  Israell Stoughton, gent: the other of New-Plimoth Govermente, to
+  William Bradford, Gov^r, and Edward Winslow, gent: and both these for
+  y^e setting out, setling, & determining of y^e bounds & limitts of y^e
+  lands betweene y^e said jurisdictions, wherby not only this presente
+  age, but y^e posteritie to come may live peaceably & quietly in y^t
+  behalfe. And for as much as y^e said comissioners on both sids have
+  full power so to doe, as appeareth by y^e records of both
+  jurisdictions; we therfore, y^e said comissioners above named, doe
+  hearby with one consente & agreemente conclude, detirmine, and by
+  these presents declare, that all y^e marshes at Conahasett y^t lye of
+  y^e one side of y^e river next to Hingam, shall belong to y^e
+  jurisdition of Massachusetts Plantation; and all y^e marshes y^t lye
+  on y^e other side of y^e river next to Sityate, shall be long to y^e
+  jurisdiction of New-Plimoth; excepting 60. acers of marsh at y^e mouth
+  of y^e river, on Sityate side next to the sea, which we doe herby
+  agree, conclude, & detirmine shall belong to y^e jurisdition of
+  Massachusetts. And further, we doe hearby agree, determine, and
+  conclude, y^t the bounds of y^e limites betweene both y^e said
+  jurisditions are as followeth, viz. from y^e mouth of y^e brook y^t
+  runeth into Chonahasett marches (which we call by y^e name of
+  Bound-brooke) with a stright & directe line to y^e midle of a great
+  ponde, y^t lyeth on y^e right hand of y^e uper path, or commone way,
+  y^t leadeth betweene Waimoth and Plimoth, close to y^e path as [233]
+  we goe alonge, which was formerly named (and still we desire may be
+  caled) Accord pond, lying aboute five or 6. myles from Weimoth
+  southerley; and from thence with a straight line to y^e souther-most
+  part of Charles-river,[EF] & 3. miles southerly, inward into y^e
+  countrie, according as is expresed in y^e patente granted by his
+  Ma^tie to y^e Company of y^e Massachusetts Plantation. Provided
+  allways and never y^e less concluded & determined by mutuall
+  agreemente betweene y^e said comissioners, y^t if it fall out y^t the
+  said line from Accord-pond to y^e sothermost parte of Charles-river, &
+  3. myles southerly as is before expresed, straiten or hinder any parte
+  of any plantation begune by y^e Gove^rt of New-Plimoth, or hereafter
+  to be begune within 10. years after y^e date of these ps^{nts}, that
+  then, notwithstanding y^e said line, it shall be lawfull for y^e said
+  Gov^rt of New-Plimoth to assume on y^e northerly side of y^e said
+  line, wher it shall so intrench as afforesaid, so much land as will
+  make up y^e quantity of eight miles square, to belong to every shuch
+  plantation begune, or to [be] begune as afforesaid; which we agree,
+  determine, & conclude to appertaine & belong to y^e said Gov^rt of
+  New-Plimoth. And wheras y^e said line, from y^e said brooke which
+  runeth into Choahassett saltmarshes, called by us Bound-brooke, and
+  y^e pond called Accord-pond, lyeth nere y^e lands belonging to y^e
+  tounships of Sityate & Hingam, we doe therfore hereby determine &
+  conclude, that if any devissions allready made and recorded, by either
+  y^e said townships, doe crose the said line, that then it shall stand,
+  & be of force according to y^e former intents and purposes of the said
+  townes granting them (the marshes formerly agreed on exepted). And y^t
+  no towne in either jurisdiction shall hereafter exceede, but containe
+  them selves within y^e said lines expressed. In witnes wherof we, the
+  comissioners of both jurisdictions, doe by these presents indented set
+  our hands & scales y^e ninth day of y^e 4. month in 16. year of our
+  soveraine lord, king Charles; and in y^e year of our Lord, 1640.
+
+  WILLIAM BRADFORD, GOV^R.
+  ED: WINSLOW.
+  JO: ENDECOTT.
+  ISRAELL STOUGHTON.
+
+Wheras y^e patente was taken in y^e name of William Bradford, (as in
+trust,) and rane in these termes: To him, his heires, and associats &
+assignes; and now y^e noumber of free-men being much increased, and
+diverce tounships established and setled in severall quarters of y^e
+govermente, as Plimoth, Duxberie, Sityate, Tanton, Sandwich, Yarmouth,
+Barnstable, Marchfeeld, and not longe after, Seacunke (called afterward,
+at y^e desire of y^e inhabitants, Rehoboth) and Nawsett, it was by y^e
+Courte desired that William Bradford should make a surrender of the same
+into their hands. The which he willingly did, in this maner following.
+
+  Wheras William Bradford, and diverce others y^e first instruments of
+  God in the begi[=n]ing of this great work of plantation, togeather
+  with such as y^e allordering hand of God in his providence soone added
+  unto them, have been at very great charges to procure y^e lands,
+  priviledges, & freedoms from all intanglments, as may appeare by
+  diverse & sundrie deeds, inlargments of grants, purchases, and
+  payments of debts, &c., by reason wherof y^e title to y^e day of these
+  presents [234] remaineth in y^e said William Bradford, his heires,
+  associats, and assignes: now, for y^e better setling of y^e estate of
+  the said lands (contained in y^e grant or pattente), the said William
+  Bradford, and those first instruments termed & called in sondry orders
+  upon publick recorde, Y^e Purchasers, or Old comers; witnes 2. in
+  spetiall, the one bearing date y^e 3. of March, 1639. the other in
+  Des: the 1. An^o 1640. wherunto these presents have spetiall relation
+  & agreemente, and wherby they are distinguished from other y^e freemen
+  & inhabitants of y^e said corporation. Be it knowne unto all men,
+  therfore, by these presents, that the said William Bradford, for him
+  selfe, his heires, together with y^e said purchasers, doe only reserve
+  unto them selves, their heires, and assignes those 3. tractes of land
+  mentioned in y^e said resolution, order, and agreemente, bearing date
+  y^e first of Des: 1640. viz. first, from y^e bounds of Yarmouth, 3.
+  miles to y^e eastward of Naemschatet, and from sea to sea, crose the
+  neck of land. The 2. of a place called Acoughcouss, which lyeth in y^e
+  botome of y^e bay adjoyning to y^e west-side of Pointe Perill, and 2.
+  myles to y^e westerne side of y^e said river, to an other place called
+  Acushente river, which entereth at y^e westerne end of Nacata, and 2.
+  miles to y^e eastward therof, and to extend 8. myles up into y^e
+  countrie. The 3. place, from Sowansett river to Patucket river, (with
+  Cawsumsett neck,) which is y^e cheefe habitation of y^e Indeans, &
+  reserved for them to dwell upon, extending into y^e land 8. myles
+  through y^e whole breadth therof. Togeather with such other small
+  parcells of lands as they or any of them are personally possessed of
+  or intressed in, by vertue of any former titles or grante whatsoever.
+  And y^e said William Bradford doth, by y^e free & full consente,
+  approbation, and agreemente of y^e said old-planters, or purchasers,
+  together with y^e liking, approbation, and acceptation of y^e other
+  parte of y^e said corporation, surrender into y^e hands of y^e whole
+  courte, consisting of y^e free-men of this corporation of New-Plimoth,
+  all y^t other right & title, power, authority, priviledges,
+  immunities, & freedomes granted in y^e said letters patents by y^e
+  said right Honb^le Counsell for New-England; reserveing his & their
+  personall right of freemen, together w^th the said old planters
+  afforesaid, excepte y^e said lands before excepted, declaring the
+  freemen of this corporation, togeather with all such as shal be
+  legally admitted into y^e same, his associats. And y^e said William
+  Bradford, for him, his heiers, & assignes, doe hereby further promise
+  and grant to doe & performe whatsoever further thing or things, acte
+  or actes, which in him lyeth, which shall be needfull and expediente
+  for y^e better confirming and establishing the said premises, as by
+  counsel lerned in y^e lawes shall be reasonably advised and devised,
+  when he shall be ther unto required. In witness wherof, the said
+  William Bradford hath in publick courte surrendered the said letters
+  patents actually into y^e hands & power of y^e said courte, binding
+  him selfe, his heires, executors, administrators, and assignes to
+  deliver up whatsoever spetialties are in his hands that doe or may
+  concerne the same.
+
+[235] In these 2. years they had sundry letters out of England to send
+one over to end the buissines and accounte with M^r. Sherley; who now
+professed he could not make up his accounts without y^e help of some
+from hence, espetialy M^r. Winslows. They had serious thoughts of it,
+and y^e most parte of y^e partners hear thought it best to send; but
+they had formerly written such bitter and threatening letters as M^r.
+Winslow was neither willing to goe, nor y^t any other of y^e partners
+should; for he was perswaded, if any of them wente, they should be
+arested, and an action of such a su[=m]e layed upon them as they should
+not procure baele, but must lye in prison, and then they would bring
+them to what they liste; or other wise they might be brought into
+trouble by y^e arch-bishops means, as y^e times then stood. But,
+notwithstanding, they weer much inclined to send, & Captaine Standish
+was willing to goe, but they resolved, seeing they could not all agree
+in this thing, and that it was waighty, and y^e consequence might prove
+dangerous, to take M^r. Winthrops advise in y^e thing, and y^e rather,
+because M^r. Andrews had by many letters acquaynted him with y^e
+differences betweene them, and appoynted him for his assigne to receive
+his parte of y^e debte. (And though they deneyed to pay him any as a
+debte, till y^e controversie was ended, yet they had deposited 110^li.
+in money in his hands for M^r. Andrews, to pay to him in parte as soone
+as he would come to any agreement with y^e rest.) But M^r. Winthrop was
+of M^r. Winslows minde, and disswaded them from sending; so they broak
+of their resolution from sending, and returned this answer: that the
+times were dangerous as things stood with them, for they knew how M^r.
+Winslow had suffered formerley, and for a small matter was clapte up in
+y^e Fleete, & it was long before he could gett out, to both his & their
+great loss and damage; and times were not better, but worse, in y^t
+respecte. Yet, that their equall & honest minds might appeare to all
+men, they made them this tender: to refferr y^e case to some gentle-men
+and marchants in y^e Bay of y^e Massachusetts, such as they should
+chuse, and were well knowne unto them selves, (as they perceived their
+wer many of their aquaintance and freinds ther, better knowne to them
+then y^e partners hear,) and let them be informed in y^e case by both
+sids, and have all y^e evidence y^t could be prodused, in writing, or
+other wise; and they would be bound to stand to their determination, and
+make good their award, though it should cost them all they had in y^e
+world. But this did not please them, but they were offended at it,
+without any great reasone for ought I know, (seeing nether side could
+give in clear accountes, y^e partners here could not, by reason they (to
+their smarte) were failed by y^e accountante they sent them, and M^r.
+Sherley pretened he could not allso,) save as they conceived it a
+disparagmente to yeeld to their inferiours in respecte of y^e place and
+other concurring circomstances. So this came to nothing; and afterward
+M^r. Sherley write, y^t if M^r. Winslow would mett him in France, y^he
+Low-Countries, or Scotland, let y^e place be knowne, and he [236] come
+to him ther. But in regard of y^e troubles that now begane to arise in
+our owne nation, and other reasons, this did not come to any effecte.
+That which made them so desirous to bring things to an end was partly to
+stope y^e clamours and aspertions raised & cast upon them hereaboute;
+though they conceived them selves to sustaine the greatest wrong, and
+had most cause of complainte; and partly because they feared y^e fall of
+catle, in which most parte of their estats lay. And this was not a vaine
+feare; for they fell indeede before they came to a conclusion, and that
+so souddanly, as a cowe that but a month before was worth 20^li., and
+would so have passed in any paymente, fell now to 5^li. and would yeeld
+no more; and a goate that wente at 3^li. or 50^s. would now yeeld but
+8. or 10^s. at most. All men feared a fall of catle, but it was thought
+it would be by degrees; and not to be from y^e highest pitch at once to
+y^e lowest, as it did, which was greatly to y^e damage of many, and y^e
+undoing of some. An other reason was, they many of them grew aged, (and
+indeed a rare thing it was that so many partners should all live
+together so many years as these did,) and saw many changes were like to
+befall; so as they were loath to leave these intanglments upon their
+children and posteritie, who might be driven to remove places, as they
+had done; yea, them selves might doe it yet before they dyed. But this
+bussines must yet rest; y^e next year gave it more ripnes, though it
+rendred them less able to pay, for y^e reasons afforesaid.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1641._
+
+M^r. Sherley being weary of this controversie, and desirous of an end,
+(as well as them selves,) write to M^r. John Atwode and M^r. William
+Collier, 2. of y^e inhabitants of this place, and of his speatiall
+aquaintance, and desired them to be a means to bring this bussines to an
+end, by advising & counselling the partners hear, by some way to bring
+it to a composition, by mutuall agreemente. And he write to them selves
+allso to y^t end, as by his letter may apear; so much therof as
+concernse y^e same I shall hear relate.
+
+  S^r. My love remembered, &c. I have writte so much concerning y^e
+  ending of accounts betweexte us, as I profess I know not what more to
+  write, &c. If you desire an end, as you seeme to doe, ther is (as I
+  conceive) but 2. waise; that is, to parfecte all accounts, from y^e
+  first to y^e last, &c. Now if we find this difficulte, and tedious,
+  haveing not been so stricte & carefull as we should and oughte to have
+  done, as for my owne parte I doe confess I have been somewhat to
+  remisse, and doe verily thinke so are you, &c. I fear you can never
+  make a perfecte accounte of all your pety viages, out, & home too &
+  againe, &c.[EG] So then y^e second way must be, by biding, or [237]
+  compounding; and this way, first or last, we must fall upon, &c. If we
+  must warr at law for it, doe not you expecte from me, nether will I
+  from you, but to cleave y^e heare, and then I dare say y^e lawyers
+  will be most gainers, &c. Thus let us set to y^e worke, one way or
+  other, and end, that I may not allways suffer in my name & estate. And
+  you are not free; nay, y^e gospell suffers by your delaying, and
+  causeth y^e professors of it to be hardly spoken of, that you, being
+  many, & now able, should combine & joyne togeather to oppress & burden
+  me, &c. Fear not to make a faire & reasonable offer; beleeve me, I
+  will never take any advantage to plead it against you, or to wrong
+  you; or else let M^r. Winslow come over, and let him have such full
+  power & authority as we may ende by compounding; or else, y^e accounts
+  so well and fully made up, as we may end by reconing. Now, blesed be
+  God, y^e times be much changed here, I hope to see many of you returne
+  to you^r native countrie againe, and have such freedome & libertie as
+  y^e word of God prescribs. Our bishops were never so near a downfall
+  as now; God hath miraculously confounded them, and turned all their
+  popish & Machavillian plots & projects on their owne heads, &c. Thus
+  you see what is fitt to be done concerning our perticulere greevances.
+  I pray you take it seriously into consideration; let each give way a
+  litle that we may meete, &c. Be you and all yours kindly saluted, &c.
+  So I ever rest,
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Clapham, May 18, 1641.
+
+Being thus by this leter, and allso by M^r. Atwodes & M^r. Colliers
+mediation urged to bring things to an end, (and y^e continuall clamors
+from y^e rest,) and by none more urged then by their own desires, they
+tooke this course (because many scandals had been raised upon them).
+They apoynted these 2. men before mentioned to meet on a certaine day,
+and called some other freinds on both sids, and M^r. Free-man, brother
+in law to M^r. Beachamp, and having drawne up a collection of all y^e
+remains of y^e stock, in what soever it was, as housing, boats, bark,
+and all implements belonging to y^e same, as they were used in y^e time
+of y^e trad, were they better or worce, with y^e remaines of all
+co[=m]odities, as beads, knives, hatchetts, cloth, or any thing els, as
+well y^e refuse as y^e more vendible, with all debts, as well those y^t
+were desperate as others more hopefull; and having spent diverce days to
+bring this to pass, having y^e helpe of all bookes and papers, which
+either any of them selves had, or Josias Winslow, who was their
+accountante; and they found y^e sume in all to arise (as y^e things were
+valued) to aboute 1400^li. And they all of them tooke a voluntary but a
+sollem oath, in y^e presence one of an other, and of all their frends,
+y^e persons abovesaid y^t were now presente, that this was all that any
+of them knew of, or could remember; and Josias Winslow did y^e like for
+his parte. But y^e truth is they wrongd them selves much in y^e
+valuation, for they reconed some catle as they were taken of M^r.
+Allerton, as for instance a cowe in y^e hands of one cost 25^li. and so
+she was valued in this accounte; but when she came to be past away in
+parte of paymente, after y^e agreemente, she would be accepted but a
+4^li. 15^s. [238] Also being tender of their oaths, they brought in all
+they know owing to y^e stock; but they had not made y^e like diligente
+search what y^e stocke might owe to any, so as many scattering debts
+fell upon afterwards more then now they know of.
+
+Upon this they drew certaine articles of agreemente betweene M^r.
+Atwode, on M^r. Sherleys behalfe, and them selves. The effecte is as
+folloeth.
+
+_Articles of agreemente made and concluded upon y^e 15. day of
+October, 1641. &c._
+
+  Imp: Wheras ther was a partnership for diverce years agreed upon
+  betweene James Sherley, John Beacham, and Richard Andrews, of London,
+  marchants, and William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles
+  Standish, William Brewster, John Aldon, & John Howland, w^th Isaack
+  Allerton, in a trade of beaver skines & other furrs arising in
+  New-England; the terme of which said partnership being expired, and
+  diverse su[=m]es of money in goods adventured into New-England by y^e
+  said James Sherley, John Beachamp, & Richard Andrews, and many large
+  returnes made from New-England by y^e said William Bradford, Ed:
+  Winslow, &c.; and differance arising aboute y^e charge of 2. ships,
+  the one called y^e White Angele, of Bristow, and y^e other y^e
+  Frindship, of Barnstable, and a viage intended in her, &c.; which said
+  ships & their viages, y^e said William Bradford, Ed: W. &c. conceive
+  doe not at all appertaine to their accounts of partnership; and weras
+  y^e accounts of y^e said partnership are found to be confused, and
+  cannot orderley appeare (through y^e defaulte of Josias Winslow, y^e
+  booke keeper); and weras y^e said W. B. &c. have received all their
+  goods for y^e said trade from the foresaid James Sherley, and have
+  made most of their returnes to him, by consente of y^e said John
+  Beachamp & Richard Andrews; and wheras also y^e said James Sherley
+  hath given power & authoritie to M^r. John Atwode, with y^e advice &
+  consente of William Collier, of Duxborow, for and on his behalfe, to
+  put such an absolute end to y^e said partnership, with all and every
+  accounts, reconings, dues, claimes, demands, whatsoever, to y^e said
+  James Sherley, John Beacham, & Richard Andrews, from y^e said W. B.
+  &c. for and concerning y^e said beaver trade, & also y^e charge y^e
+  said 2. ships, and their viages made or pretended, whether just or
+  unjuste, from y^e worlds begining to this presente, as also for y^e
+  paimente of a purchas of 1800^li. made by Isaack Allerton, for and on
+  y^e behalfe of y^e said W. B., Ed: W., &c., and of y^e joynt stock,
+  shares, lands, and adventurs, what soever in New-England aforesaid, as
+  apeareth by a deede bearing date y^e 6. Nov^br. 1627; and also for and
+  from such sume and sumes of money or goods as are received by William
+  Bradford, Tho: Prence, & Myles Standish, for y^e recovery of dues, by
+  accounts betwexte them, y^e said James Sherly, John Beachamp, &
+  Richard Andrews, and Isaack Allerton, for y^e ship caled y^e White
+  Angell. Now y^e said John Attwode, with advice & counsell of y^e said
+  William Collier, having had much comunication & spente diverse days in
+  agitation of all y^e said differances & accounts with y^e said W. B.,
+  E. W., &c.; and y^e said W. B., E. W., &c. have also, with y^e said
+  book-keeper spente much time in collecting & gathering togeither y^e
+  remainder of y^e stock of partnership for y^e said trade, and what
+  soever hath beene received, or is due by y^e said attorneyship before
+  expresed, and all, and all manner of goods, debts, and dues therunto
+  belonging, as well those debts that are weake and doubtfull [239] and
+  desperate, as those y^t are more secure, which in all doe amounte to
+  y^e sume of 1400^li. or ther aboute; and for more full satisfaction of
+  y^e said James Sherley, John Beachamp, & Richard Andrews, the said W.
+  B. and all y^e rest of y^e abovesaid partners, togeither with Josias
+  Winslow y^e booke keeper, have taken a voluntarie oath, y^t within y^e
+  said sume of 1400^li. or theraboute, is contained whatsoever they
+  knew, to y^e utmost of their rememberance.
+
+  In consideration of all which matters & things before expressed, and
+  to y^e end y^t a full, absolute, and finall end may be now made, and
+  all suits in law may be avoyded, and love & peace continued, it is
+  therfore agreed and concluded betweene y^e said John Attwode, with y^e
+  advice & consent of y^e said William Colier, for & on y^e behalfe of
+  y^e said James Sherley, to and with y^e said W. B., &c. in maner and
+  forme following: viz. that y^e said John Attwode shall procure a
+  sufficiente release and discharge, under y^e hands & seals of y^e said
+  James Sherley, John Beachamp, & Richard Andrews, to be delivered fayer
+  & unconcealed unto y^e said William Bradford, &c., at or before y^e
+  last day of August, next insuing y^e date hereof, whereby y^e said
+  William Bradford &c., their heires, executors, & administrators, &
+  every of them shall be fully and absolutly aquited & discharged of
+  all actions, suits, reconings, accounts, claimes, and demands
+  whatsoever concerning y^e generall stock of beaver trade, paymente of
+  y^e said 1800^li. for y^e purchass, and all demands, reckonings, and
+  accounts, just or unjuste, concerning the tow ships Whit-Angell and
+  Frendship aforesaid, togeather with whatsoever hath been received by
+  y^e said William Bradford, of y^e goods or estate of Isaack Allerton,
+  for satisfaction of y^e accounts of y^e said ship called y^e Whit
+  Angele, by vertue of a [~l]re of attourney to him, Thomas Prence, & Myles
+  Standish, directed from y^e said James Sherley, John Beachamp, &
+  Richard Andrews, for y^t purpose as afforesaid.
+
+  It is also agreed & concluded upon betweene the said parties to these
+  presents, that the said W. B., E. W., &c. shall now be bound in
+  2400^li. for paymente of 1200^li. in full satisfaction of all demands
+  as afforesaid; to be payed in maner & forme following; that is to say,
+  400^li. within 2. months next after y^e receite of the aforesaid
+  releases and discharges, one hundred and ten pounds wherof is allready
+  in y^e hands of John Winthrop senior of Boston, Esquire, by the means
+  of M^r. Richard Andrews afforesaid, and 80^li. waight of beaver now
+  deposited into y^e hands of y^e said John Attwode, to be both in part
+  of paimente of y^e said 400^li. and y^e other 800^li. to be payed by
+  200^li. [p=]^r a[=n]ume, to such assignes as shall be appointed,
+  inhabiting either in Plimoth or Massachusetts Bay, in such goods &
+  comodities, and at such rates, as the countrie shall afford at y^e
+  time of delivery & paymente; and in y^e mean time y^e said bond of
+  2400^li. to be deposited into y^e hands of y^e said John Attwode. And
+  it is agreed upon by & betweene y^e said parties to these presents,
+  that if y^e said John Attwode shall not or cannot procure such said
+  releases & discharges as afforesaid from y^e said James Sherley, John
+  Bachamp, & Richard Andrews, at or before y^e last day of August next
+  insuing y^e date hear of, y^t then y^e said John Attwode shall, at y^e
+  said day precisely, redeliver, or cause to [240] be delivered unto ye
+  said W. B., E. W., &c. their said bond of 2400^li. and y^e said 80^li.
+  waight of beaver, or y^e due valew therof, without any fraud or
+  further delay; and for performance of all & singuler y^e covenants and
+  agreements hearin contained and expressed, which on y^e one parte and
+  behalfe of y^e said James Sherley are to be observed & performed,
+  shall become bound in y^e su[=m]e of 2400^li. to them, y^e said
+  William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles Standish,
+  William Brewster, John Allden, and John Howland. And it is lastly
+  agreed upon betweene y^e said parties, that these presents shall be
+  left in trust, to be kepte for boath parties, in y^e hands of Mr. John
+  Reanour, teacher of Plimoth. In witnes wherof, all y^e said parties
+  have hereunto severally sett their hands, y^e day and year first above
+  writen.
+
+  JOHN ATWODE, WILLIAM BRADFORD, EDWARD WINSLOW, &c. In y^e presence of
+
+  EDMOND FREEMAN,
+  WILLIAM THOMAS,
+  WILLIAM PADY,
+  NATHANIELL SOUTHER.
+
+The nexte year this long and tedious bussines came to some issue, as
+will then appeare, though not to a finall ende with all y^e parties; but
+this much for y^e presente.
+
+I had forgoten to inserte in its place how y^e church here had invited
+and sent for M^r. Charles Chansey,[EH] a reverend, godly, and very
+larned man, intending upon triall to chose him pastor of y^e church
+hear, for y^e more comfortable performance of y^e ministrie with Mr.
+John Reinor, the teacher of the same. But ther fell out some differance
+aboute baptising, he holding it ought only to be by diping, and putting
+y^e whole body under water, and that sprinkling was unlawfull. The
+church yeelded that immersion, or dipping, was lawfull, but in this
+could countrie not so conveniente. But they could not nor durst not
+yeeld to him in this, that sprinkling (which all y^e churches of Christ
+doe for y^e most parte use at this day) was unlawfull, & an humane
+invention, as y^e same was prest; but they were willing to yeeld to him
+as far as y^ey could, & to y^e utmost; and were contented to suffer him
+to practise as he was perswaded; and when he came to minister that
+ordnance, he might so doe it to any y^t did desire it in y^t way,
+provided he could peacably suffer Mr. Reinor, and such as desired to
+have theirs otherwise baptised by him, by sprinkling or powering on of
+water upon them; so as ther might be no disturbance in y^e church
+hereaboute. But he said he could not yeeld herunto. Upon which the
+church procured some other ministers to dispute y^e pointe with him
+publikly; as Mr. Ralfe Partrich, of Duxberie, who did it sundrie times,
+very ablie and sufficently, as allso some other ministers within this
+govermente. But he was not satisfied; so y^e church sent to many other
+churches to crave their help and advise in [241] this mater, and, with
+his will & consente, sent them his arguments writen under his owne hand.
+They sente them to y^e church at Boston in y^e Bay of Massachusets, to
+be comunicated with other churches ther. Also they sent y^e same to the
+churches of Conightecutt and New-Haven, with sundrie others; and
+received very able & sufficent answers, as they conceived, from them and
+their larned ministers, who all concluded against him. But him selfe was
+not satisfied therw^th. Their answers are too large hear to relate. They
+conceived y^e church had done what was meete in y^e thing, so M^r.
+Chansey, having been y^e most parte of 3. years here, removed him selfe
+to Sityate, wher he now remaines a minister to y^e church ther. Also
+about these times, now y^t catle & other things begane greatly to fall
+from their former rates, and persons begane to fall into more straits,
+and many being allready gone from them, (as is noted before,) both to
+Duxberie, Marshfeeld, and other places, & those of y^e cheefe sorte, as
+M^r. Winslow, Captaine Standish, Mr. Allden, and many other, & stille
+some dropping away daly, and some at this time, and many more unsetled,
+it did greatly weaken y^e place, and by reason of y^e straitnes and
+barrennes of y^e place, it sett y^e thoughts of many upon removeall; as
+will appere more hereafter.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1642._
+
+Marvilous it may be to see and consider how some kind of wickednes did
+grow & breake forth here, in a land wher the same was so much witnesed
+against, and so narrowly looked unto, & severly punished when it was
+knowne; as in no place more, or so much, that I have known or heard of;
+insomuch as they have been somewhat censured, even by moderate and good
+men, for their severitie in punishments. And yet all this could not
+suppress y^e breaking out of sundrie notorious sins, (as this year,
+besids other, gives us too many sad presidents and instances,)
+espetially drunkennes and unclainnes; not only incontinencie betweene
+persons unmaried, for which many both men & women have been punished
+sharply enough, but some maried persons allso. But that which is worse,
+even sodomie and bugerie, (things fearfull to name,) have broak forth in
+this land, oftener then once. I say it may justly be marveled at, and
+cause us to fear & tremble at the consideration of our corrupte natures,
+which are so hardly bridled, subdued, & mortified; nay, cannot by any
+other means but y^e powerfull worke & grace of Gods spirite. But (besids
+this) one reason may be, that y^e Divell may carrie a greater spite
+against the churches of Christ and y^e gospell hear, by how much y^e
+more they indeaour to preserve holynes and puritie amongst them, and
+strictly punisheth the contrary when it ariseth either in church or
+comone wealth; that he might cast a [242] blemishe & staine upon them in
+y^e eyes of [y^e] world, who use to be rash in judgmente. I would rather
+thinke thus, then that Satane hath more power in these heathen lands, as
+som have thought, then in more Christian nations, espetially over Gods
+servants in them.
+
+2. An other reason may be, that it may be in this case as it is with
+waters when their streames are stopped or da[=m]ed up, when they gett
+passage they flow with more violence, and make more noys and
+disturbance, then when they are suffered to rune quietly in their owne
+chanels. So wikednes being here more stopped by strict laws, and y^e
+same more nerly looked unto, so as it cannot rune in a comone road of
+liberty as it would, and is inclined, it searches every wher, and at
+last breaks out wher it getts vente.
+
+3. A third reason may be, hear (as I am verily perswaded) is not more
+evills in this kind, nor nothing nere so many by proportion, as in other
+places; but they are here more discoverd and seen, and made publick by
+due serch, inquisition, and due punishment; for y^e churches looke
+narrowly to their members, and y^e magistrats over all, more strictly
+then in other places. Besids, here the people are but few in comparison
+of other places, which are full & populous, and lye hid, as it were, in
+a wood or thickett, and many horrible evills by y^t means are never seen
+nor knowne; wheras hear, they are, as it were, brought into y^e light,
+and set in y^e plaine feeld, or rather on a hill, made conspicuous to
+y^e veiw of all.
+
+But to proceede; y^er came a letter from y^e Gov^r in y^e Bay to them
+here, touching matters of y^e forementioned nature, which because it may
+be usefull I shall hear relate it, and y^e passages ther aboute.
+
+  S^r: Having an opportunitie to signifie y^e desires of our Generall
+  Court in toow things of spetiall importance, I willingly take this
+  occasion to imparte them to you, y^t you may imparte them to y^e rest
+  of your magistrats, and also to your Elders, for counsell; and give us
+  your advise in them. The first is concerning heinous offences in point
+  of uncleannes; y^e perticuler cases, with y^e circomstances, and y^e
+  questions ther upon, you have hear inclosed. The 2. thing is
+  concerning y^e Ilanders at Aquidnett; y^t seeing the cheefest of them
+  are gone from us, in offences, either to churches, or co[=m]one welth,
+  or both; others are dependants on them, and y^e best sorte are such as
+  close with them in all their rejections of us. Neither is it only in a
+  faction y^t they are devided from us, but in very deed they rend them
+  selves from all y^e true churches of Christ, and, many of them, from
+  all y^e powers of majestracie. We have had some experience hereof by
+  some of their underworkers, or emissaries, who have latly come amongst
+  us, and have made publick defiance against magistracie, ministrie,
+  churches, & church covenants, &c. as antichristian; secretly also
+  sowing y^e seeds of Familisme, and Anabaptistrie, to y^e infection of
+  some, and danger of others; so that we are not willing to joyne with
+  them in any league or confederacie at all, but rather that you would
+  consider & advise with us how we may avoyd them, and keep ours from
+  being infected by them. Another thing I should mention to you, for
+  y^e maintenance of y^e trad of beaver; if ther be not a company to
+  order it in every jurisdition among y^e English, which companies
+  should agree in generall of their way in trade, I supose that y^e
+  trade will be overthrowne, and the Indeans will abuse us. For this
+  cause we have latly put it into order amongst us, hoping of
+  incouragmente from you (as we have had) y^t we may continue y^e same.
+  Thus not further to trouble you, I rest, with my loving remembrance to
+  your selfe, &c.
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  RI: BELLINGHAM.
+
+  Boston, 28. (1.) 1642.
+
+
+The note inclosed follows on y^e other side.[EI]
+
+  [244] Worthy & beloved S^r:
+
+  Your letter (with y^e questions inclosed) I have comunicated with our
+  Assistants, and we have refered y^e answer of them to such Rev[=e]^d
+  Elders as are amongst us, some of whose answers thertoo we have here
+  sent you inclosed, under their owne hands; from y^e rest we have not
+  yet received any. Our farr distance hath bene y^e reason of this long
+  delay, as also y^t they could not conferr their counsells togeather.
+
+  For our selves, (you know our breedings & abillities,) we rather
+  desire light from your selves, & others, whom God hath better inabled,
+  then to presume to give our judgments in cases so difficulte and of so
+  high a nature. Yet under correction, and submission to better
+  judgments, we propose this one thing to your prudent considerations.
+  As it seems to us, in y^e case even of willfull murder, that though a
+  man did smite or wound an other, with a full pourpose or desire to
+  kill him, (w^ch is murder in a high degree, before God,) yet if he
+  did not dye, the magistrate was not to take away y^e others life.[EJ]
+  So by proportion in other grosse & foule sines, though high attempts &
+  nere approaches to y^e same be made, and such as in the sight &
+  account of God may be as ill as y^e accomplishmente of y^e foulest
+  acts of y^t sine, yet we doute whether it may be safe for y^e
+  magistrate to proceed to death; we thinke, upon y^e former grounds,
+  rather he may not. As, for instance, in y^e case of adultrie, (if it
+  be admitted y^t it is to be punished w^{th} death, which to some of us
+  is not cleare,) if y^e body be not actually defiled, then death is not
+  to be inflicted. So in sodomie, & beastialitie, if ther be not
+  penetration. Yet we confess foulnes of circomstances, and frequencie
+  in y^e same, doth make us remaine in y^e darke, and desire further
+  light from you, or any, as God shall give.
+
+  As for y^e 2. thing, concerning y^e Ilanders? we have no conversing
+  with them, nor desire to have, furder then necessitie or humanity may
+  require.
+
+  And as for trade? we have as farr as we could ever therin held an
+  orderly course, & have been sory to see y^e spoyle therof by others,
+  and fear it will hardly be recovered. But in these, or any other
+  things which may concerne y^e co[=m]one good, we shall be willing to
+  advise & concure with you in what we may. Thus w^{th} my love
+  remembered to your selfe, and y^e rest of our worthy friends, your
+  Assistants, I take leave, & rest,
+
+  Your loving friend,
+  W. B.
+
+  Plim: 17. 3. month, 1642.
+
+
+Now follows y^e ministers answers. And first Mr. Reynors.
+
+Qest: What sodmiticall acts are to be punished with death, & what very
+facte (ipso facto) is worthy of death, or, if y^e fact it selfe be not
+capitall, what circomstances concurring may make it capitall?
+
+Ans: In y^e judiciall law (y^e moralitie wherof concerneth us) it is
+manyfest y^t carnall knowledg of man, or lying w^{th} man, as with
+woman, cum penetratione corporis, was sodomie, to be punished with
+death; what els can be understood by Levit: 18. 22. & 20. 13. & Gen: 19.
+5? 2^ly. It seems allso y^t this foule sine might be capitall, though
+ther was not penitratio corporis, but only contactus & fricatio us[q~]
+ad effusionem seminis, for these reasons: [245] 1. Because it was sin to
+be punished with death, Levit. 20. 13. in y^e man who was lyen withall,
+as well as in him y^t lyeth with him; now his sin is not mitigated wher
+ther is not penitration, nor augmented wher it is; wheras its charged
+upon y^e women, y^t they were guilty of this unnaturall sine, as well as
+men, Rom. 1. 26. 27. Y^e same thing doth furder apeare, 2. because of
+y^t proportion betwexte this sin & beastialitie, wherin if a woman did
+stand before, or aproach to, a beast, for y^t end, to lye downe therto,
+(whether penetration was or not,) it was capitall, Levit: 18. 23. & 20.
+16. 3^{ly}. Because something els might be equivalent to penetration
+wher it had not been, viz. y^e fore mentioned acts with frequencie and
+long continuance with a high hand, utterly extinguishing all light of
+nature; besids, full intention and bould attempting of y^e foulest acts
+may seeme to have been capitall here, as well as coming presumptuously
+to slay with guile was capitall. Exod: 21. 14.
+
+Yet it is not so manyfest y^t y^e same acts were to be punished with
+death in some other sines of uncleannes, w^ch yet by y^e law of God were
+capitall crimes; besids other reasons, (1.) because sodomie, & also
+beastialitie, is more against y^e light of nature then some other
+capitall crimes of unclainnes, which reason is to be attended unto, as
+y^t which most of all made this sin capitall; (2.) because it might be
+co[=m]ited with more secrecie & less suspition, & therfore needed y^e
+more to be restrained & suppresed by y^e law; (3^ly) because ther was
+not y^e like reason & degree of si[=n]ing against family & posteritie in
+this sin as in some other capitall sines of uncleannes.
+
+2. Quest: How farr a magistrate may extracte a confession from a
+delinquente, to acuse him selfe of a capitall crime, seeing Nemo tenetur
+prodere seipsum.
+
+Ans: A majestrate cannot without sin neglecte diligente inquision into
+y^e cause brought before him. Job 29. 16. Pro: 24. 11. 12. & 25. 2.
+(2^ly.) If it be manifest y^t a capitall crime is committed, & y^t
+comone reporte, or probabilitie, suspition, or some complainte, (or y^e
+like,) be of this or y^t person, a magistrate ought to require, and by
+all due means to procure from y^e person (so farr allready bewrayed) a
+naked confession of y^e fact, as apears by y^t which is morall & of
+perpetuall equitie, both in y^e case of uncertaine murder, Deut: 21. 1.
+9. and slander, Deut: 22. 13. 21; for though nemo tenetur prodere
+seipsum, yet by that w^ch may be known to y^e magistrat by y^e forenamed
+means, he is bound thus to doe, or els he may betray his countrie &
+people to y^e heavie displeasure of God, Levit: 18. 24. 25. Jos: 22. 18.
+Psa: 106. 30; such as are i[=n]ocente to y^e sinfull, base, cruell lusts
+of y^e profane, & such as are delinquents, and others with them, into
+y^e hands of y^e stronger temptations, & more bouldness, & hardnes of
+harte, to co[=m]ite more & worse villany, besids all y^e guilt & hurt he
+will bring upon him selfe. (3^ly.) To inflicte some punishmente meerly
+for this reason, to extracte a conffession of a capitall crime, is
+contrary to y^e nature of vindictive justice, which always hath respecte
+to a kno[=w] crime co[=m]itited by y^e person punished; and it will
+therfore, for any thing which can before be knowne, be y^e provocking
+and forcing of wrath, compared to y^e wringing of y^e nose, Pro: 30. 33.
+which is as well forbiden y^e fathers of y^e countrie as of y^e family,
+Ephe. 6. 4. as produsing many sad & dangerous effects. That an oath (ex
+officio) for such a purpose is no due means, hath been abundantly proved
+by y^e godly learned, & is well known.
+
+Q. 3. In what cases of capitall crimes one witnes with other
+circomstances shall be sufficiente to convince? or is ther no conviction
+without 2. witneses?
+
+Ans: In taking away y^e life of man, one witnes alone will not suffice,
+ther must be tow, or y^t which is instar; y^e texts are manifest, Numb:
+35. 30. Deut: 17. 6. & 19. 15. 2^ly. Ther may be conviction by one
+witnes, & some thing y^t hath y^e force of another, as y^e evidencie of
+y^e fact done by such an one, & not an other; unforced confession when
+ther was no fear or danger of suffering for y^e fact, hand writings
+acknowledged & confessed.
+
+JOHN REYNOR.
+
+[246] _M^r. Partrich his writing, in ans: to y^e questions._
+
+  What is y^t sodomiticall acte which is to be punished with death?
+
+  Though I conceive probable y^t a voluntary effusion of seed per modum
+  concubitus of man with man, as of a man with woman, though in
+  concubitu ther be not penetratio corporis, is y^t sin which is
+  forbiden, Levit: 18. 22. & adjudged to be punished with death, Levit:
+  20. 13. because, though ther be not penetratio corporis, yet ther may
+  be similitudo concubitus muliebris, which is y^t the law specifieth;
+  yet I dar not be con-[EK] (1.) because, Gen: 19. 5. y^e intended acte
+  of y^e Sodomits (who were y^e first noted maisters of this unnaturall
+  act of more then brutish filthines) is expressed by carnall copulation
+  of man with woman: Bring them out unto us, y^t we may know them;
+  (2^ly.) because it is observed among y^e nations wher this unnaturall
+  unclainnes is co[=m]ited, it is w^th penetration of y^e body; (3^ly.)
+  because, in y^e judiciall proceedings of y^e judges in England, y^e
+  indict: so rune (as I have been informed).
+
+  Q. How farr may a magistrat extracte a confession of a capitall crime
+  from a suspected and an accused person?
+
+  Ans. I conceive y^t a magistrate is bound, by carfull examenation of
+  circomstances & waighing of probabilities, to sifte y^e accused, and
+  by force of argumente to draw him to an acknowledgment of y^e truth;
+  but he may not extracte a confession of a capitall crime from a
+  suspected person by any violent means, whether it be by an oath
+  imposed, or by any punishmente inflicted or threatened to be
+  inflicted, for so he may draw forth an acknowledgmente of a crime from
+  a fearfull i[=n]ocente; if guilty, he shall be compelled to be his
+  owne accuser, when no other can, which is against y^e rule of justice.
+
+  Q. In what cases of capitall crimes one witnes with other
+  circomstances shall be sufficente to convicte; or is ther no
+  conviction without two witnesses?
+
+  Ans: I conceive y^t, in y^e case of capitall crimes, ther can be no
+  safe proceedings unto judgmente without too witnesses, as Numb: 35.
+  30. Deut: 19. 15. excepte ther can some evidence be prodused as
+  aveilable & firme to prove y^e facte as a witnes is, then one witnes
+  may suffice; for therin y^e end and equitie of y^e law is attained.
+  But to proceede unto sentence of death upon presumptions, wher
+  probably ther may subesse falsum, though ther be y^e testimony of one
+  wittnes, I supose it cannot be a safe way; better for such a one to be
+  held in safe custodie for further triall, I conceive.
+
+  RALPH PARTRICH.
+
+_The Answer of M^r. Charles Chancy._
+
+  An contactus et fricatio us[q~] ad seminis effusi[=o]nem sine
+  penetratione corporis sit sodomia morte plectenda?
+
+  Q. The question is what sodomiticall acts are to be punished w^th
+  death, & what very facte committed, (ipso facto,) is worthy of death,
+  or if y^e facte it selfe be not capitall, what circomstances concuring
+  may make it capitall. The same question may be asked of rape, inceste,
+  beastialitie, unnaturall sins, presumtuous sins. These be y^e words of
+  y^e first question.
+
+  Ans: The answer unto this I will lay downe (as God shall directe by
+  his word & spirite) in these following conclusions: (1.) That y^e
+  judicials of Moyses, that are appendances to y^e morall law, &
+  grounded on y^e law of nature, or y^e decalogue, are i[=m]utable, and
+  ppetuall, w^ch all orthodox devines acknowledge; see y^e authors
+  following. Luther, Tom. 1. Whitenberge: fol. 435. & fol. 7.
+  Melanethon, in loc: com loco de conjugio. Calvin, 1. 4. Institu. c. 4.
+  sect. 15. Junious de politia Moysis, thes. 29. & 30. Hen: Bulin:
+  Decad. 3. sermo. 8. Wolf: Muscu. loc: com: in 6. precepti explicaci:
+  Bucer de regno Christi, 1. 2. c. 17. Theo: Beza, vol: 1. de hereti:
+  puniendis, fol. 154. Zanch: in 3. praecept: Ursin: Pt. 4. explicat.
+  contra John. Piscat: in Aphorismi Loc. de lege dei aphorism. 17. And
+  more might be added. I forbear, for brevities sake, to set downe their
+  very words; this being y^e constante & generall oppinion of y^e best
+  devines, I will rest in this as undoubtedly true, though much more
+  might be said to confirme it.
+
+  2. That all y^e si[=n]es mentioned in y^e question were punished with
+  death by y^e judiciall law of Moyses, as adultry, Levit: 20. 10. Deut:
+  22. 22. Esech: 16. 38. Jhon. 8. 5. which is to be understood not only
+  of double adultrie, when as both parties are maried, (as some
+  conceive,) but whosoever (besids her husband) lyes with a married
+  woman, whether y^e man be maried or not, as in y^e place, Deut: 22.
+  22. or whosoever, being a maried man, lyeth with another woman (besids
+  his wife), as P. Martire saith, loc: com: which in diverce respects
+  maks y^e sine worse on y^e maried mans parte; for y^e Lord in this
+  law hath respect as well to publick honesty, (the sin being so
+  prejudicall to y^e church & state,) as y^e private wrongs (saith
+  Junious). So incest is to be punished with death, Levit: 20. 11. 22.
+  Beastiality likwise, Lev: 20. 15. Exod: 22. 19. Raps in like maner,
+  Deut: 22. 25. Sodomie in like sort, Levit: 18. 22. & 20. 13. And all
+  presumptuous sins, Numb: 15. 30. 31.
+
+  3. That y^e punishmente of these foule sines w^th death is grounded on
+  y^e law of nature, & is agreeable to the morall law. (1.) Because y^e
+  reasons a[=n]exed shew them to be perpetuall. Deut. 22. 22. So shalt
+  thou put away evill. Incest, beastiality, are caled confusion, &
+  wickednes. (2.) Infamie to y^e whole humane nature, Levit: 22. 12.
+  Levit: 18. 23. Raps are as murder, Deut: 22. 25. Sodomie is an
+  abomination, Levit: 22. 22. [247] No holier & juster laws can be
+  devised by any man or angele then have been by y^e Judg of all y^e
+  world, the wisdome of y^e Father, by whom kings doe raigne, &c. (3.)
+  Because, before y^e giving of y^e Law, this punishmente was anciently
+  practised, Gen: 26. 11. 38. 29. 39. 20. & even by the heathen, by y^e
+  very light of nature, as P. Martire shews. (4^ly.) Because y^e land is
+  defiled by such sins, and spews out y^e inhabitants, Levit: 18. 24,
+  25. & that in regard of those nations y^t were not acquainted w^th the
+  law of Moyses. 5. All y^e devins above specified consent in this, that
+  y^e unclean acts punishable with death by y^e law of God are not only
+  y^e grose acts of uncleannes by way of carnall copulation, but all y^e
+  evidente attempts therof, which may appeare by those severall words
+  y^t are used by y^e spirite of God, expressing y^e sins to be punished
+  with death; as y^e discovering of nakednes, Levit: 18. 20. which is
+  retegere pudenda, as parts p^r euphemismum (saith Junius), or detegere
+  ad cubandum (saith Willett), to uncover y^e shamefull parts of y^e
+  body (saith Ainsworth), which, though it reaches to y^e grose acts,
+  yet it is plaine it doth comprehend ye other foregoing immodest
+  attempts, as contactum, fricationem, &c.; likwise ye phrase of lying
+  with, so often used, doth not only signifie carnall copulation, but
+  other obscene acts, p^{r}ceding y^e same, is implyed in Pauls word
+  [Greek: arsenokoitai], 1. Cor: 6. 9. & men lying with men, 1. Tim: 1.
+  9. men defiling them selves w^th mankind, men burning with lust
+  towards men, Rom: 1. 26. & Levit: 18.[EL] 22. sodom & sin going after
+  strange flesh, Jud: v. 7. 8. and lying with mankind as with a woman,
+  Levit: 18. 22. Abulentis says y^t it signifies omnes modos quibus
+  masculus masculo abutatur, changing y^e naturall use into y^t which is
+  against nature, Rom: 1. 26. arrogare sibi cubare, as Junius well
+  translats Levit: 20. 15. to give consente to lye withall, so
+  approaching to a beast, & lying downe therto, Levit: 20. 16. ob solum
+  conatu[EM] (saith Willett) or for going about to doe it. Add to this a
+  notable speech of Zepperus de legibus (who hath enough to end
+  controversies of this nature). L. 1. he saith: In crimine adulterii
+  voluntas (understanding manifeste) sine effectu subsecuto de jure
+  attenditur; and he proves it out of good laws, in these words:
+  Solicitatores[EN] alie[=n]um nupti[=a]m item[q~] matrimon[=i]um
+  interpellatores, etsi effectu sceleris potiri non possunt, propter
+  voluntatem tamen perniciosae libidinis extra ordinem puniuntur; nam
+  generale est quidem affect[=u] sine effectu [non] puniri, sed
+  contrarium observatur in atrocioribus & horum similibus.
+
+  5. In concluding punishments from y^e judiciall law of Moyses y^t is
+  perpetuall, we must often p^{r}ceed by analogicall proportion &
+  interpretation, as a paribus similibus, minore ad majus, &c.; for ther
+  will still fall out some cases, in every co[=m]one-wealth, which are
+  not in so many words extante in holy write, yet y^e substance of y^e
+  matter in every kind (I conceive under correction) may be drawne and
+  concluded out of y^e scripture by good consequence of an equevalent
+  nature; as, for example, ther is no express law against destroying
+  conception in y^e wombe by potions, yet by anologie with Exod: 21. 22,
+  23. we may reason y^t life is to be given for life. Againe, y^e
+  question, An contactus & fricatio, &c., and methinks y^t place Gen:
+  38. 9. in y^e punishmente of Onans sin, may give some cleare light to
+  it; it was (saith Pareus) beluina crudelitas quam Deus pari loco cum
+  parricidio habuit, nam semen corrumpere, quid fuit aliud quam hominem
+  ex semine generandum occidere? Propterea juste a Deo occisus est.
+  Observe his words. And againe, Discamus quantopere Deus abominetur
+  omnem seminis genitalis abusum, illicit[=a] effusionem, &
+  corruption[=e], &c., very pertinente to this case. That allso is
+  considerable, Deut: 25. 11, 12. God comanded y^t, if any wife drue
+  nigh to deliver her husband out of y^e hand of him y^t smiteth him,
+  &c., her hand should be cutt off. Yet such a woman in y^t case might
+  say much for her selfe, y^t what she did was in trouble & perplexitie
+  of her minde, & in her husbands defence; yet her hand must be cutt of
+  for such impuritie (and this is morall, as I conceive). Then we may
+  reason from y^e less to y^e greater, what greevous sin in y^e sight of
+  God it is, by y^e instigation of burning lusts, set on fire of hell,
+  to proceede to contactum & fricationem ad emissionem seminis, &c., &
+  y^t contra naturam, or to attempte y^e grosse acts of unnaturall
+  filthines. Againe, if y^t unnaturall lusts of men with men, or woman
+  with woman, or either with beasts, be to be punished with death, then
+  a pari naturall lusts of men towards children under age are so to be
+  punished.
+
+  6. Circumstantiae variant vis e actiunes, (saith y^e lawiers,) &
+  circomstances in these cases cannot possibly be all reck[=e]d up; but
+  God hath given laws for those causes & cases that are of greatest
+  momente, by which others are to be judged of, as in y^e differance
+  betwixte chanc medley, & willfull murder; so in y^e sins of
+  uncleannes, it is one thing to doe an acte of uncleannes by sudden
+  temptation, & another to lye in waite for it, yea, to make a co[=m]une
+  practise of it; this mightily augments & multiplies y^e sin. Againe,
+  some si[=n]es of this nature are simple, others compound, as y^t is
+  simple adultrie, or inceste, or simple sodomie; but when ther is a
+  mixture of diverce kinds of lust, as when adultery & sodomie &
+  [p=]^{r}ditio seminis goe togeather in y^e same acte of uncleannes,
+  this is capitall, double, & trible. Againe, when adultrie or sodomie
+  is co[=m]ited by [p=]fessors or church members, I fear it coms too
+  near y^e sine of y^e preists daughters, forbidden, & comanded to be
+  punished, Levit: 21. 9. besids y^e presumption of y^e si[=n]es of
+  such. Againe, when uncleannes is comited with those whose chastity
+  they are bound to [*)p]serve, this coms very nere the incestious
+  copulation, I feare; but I must hasten to y^e other questions.
+
+  [248] 2. Question y^e second, upon y^e pointe of examination, how farr
+  a magistrate may extracte a confession from a delinquente to accuse
+  him selfe in a capitall crime, seeing Nemo tenetur prodere seipsum.
+
+  Ans: The words of y^e question may be understood of extracting a
+  confession from a delinquente either by oath or bodily tormente. If it
+  be mente of extracting by requiring an oath, (ex officio, as some call
+  it,) & that in capitall crimes, I fear it is not safe, nor warented by
+  Gods word, to extracte a confession from a delinquente by an oath in
+  matters of life and death. (1.) Because y^e practise in y^e Scripturs
+  is other wise, as in y^e case of Achan, Jos: 7. 19. Give, I pray y^e,
+  glorie to y^e Lord God of Israll, and make a confession to him, & tell
+  me how thou hast done. He did not compell him to sweare. So when as
+  Johnathans life was indangered, 1. Sam. 14. 43. Saule said unto
+  Johnathan, Tell me what thou hast done; he did not require an oath.
+  And notable is y^t, Jer: 38. 14. Jeremiah was charged by Zedechias,
+  who said, I will aske the a thing, hide it not from me; & Jeremiah
+  said, If I declare it unto y^e, wilt thou not surely put me to death?
+  impling y^t, in case of death, he would have refused to answer him.
+  (2.) Reason shews it, & experience; Job: 2. 4. Skin for skin, &c. It
+  is to be feared y^t those words (whatsoever a man hath) will
+  comprehend also y^e conscience of an oath, and y^e fear of God, and
+  all care of religion; therfore for laying a snare before y^e guiltie,
+  I think it ought not to be donn. But now, if y^e question be mente of
+  inflicting bodyly torments to extracte a confession from a
+  mallefactor, I conceive y^t in maters of higest consequence, such as
+  doe conceirne y^e saftie or ruine of stats or countries, magistrats
+  may proceede so farr to bodily torments, as racks, hote-irons, &c., to
+  extracte a conffession, espetially wher presumptions are strounge; but
+  otherwise by no means. God sometims hids a sinner till his wickednes
+  is filled up.
+
+  Question 3. In what cases of capitall crimes, one witnes with other
+  circumstances shall be sufficente to convicte, or is ther no
+  conviction without 2. witneses?
+
+  Deut: 19. 25. God hath given an express rule y^t in no case one
+  witness shall arise in judgmente, espetially not in capitall cases.
+  God would not put our lives into y^e power of any one toungue. Besids,
+  by y^e examination of more wittneses agreeing or disagreeing, any
+  falshood ordenarilly may be discovered; but this is to be understood
+  of one witnes of another; but if a man witnes against him selfe, his
+  owne testimony is sufficente, as in y^e case of y^e Amalakite, 2. Sam:
+  1. 16. Againe, when ther are sure & certaine signes & evidences by
+  circumstances, ther needs no witnes in this case, as in y^e bussines
+  of Adoniah desiring Abishage y^e Shunamite to wife, that therby he
+  might make way for him selfe unto y^e kingdome, 1. King: 2. 23, 24.
+  Againe, probably by many concurring circumstances, if probability may
+  have y^e strength of a witnes, somthing may be this way gathered, me
+  thinks, from Sallomons judging betweexte y^e true mother, and y^e
+  harlote, 1. King. 3. 25. Lastly, I see no cause why in waighty
+  matters, in defecte of witneses & other proofes, we may not have
+  recourse to a lott, as in y^e case of Achan, Josu: 7. 16. which is a
+  clearer way in such doubtfull cases (it being solemnely & religiously
+  performed) then any other that I know, if it be made y^e last refuge.
+  But all this under correction.
+
+  The Lord in mercie directe & prosper y^e desires of his servants that
+  desire to walk before him in truth & righteousnes in the
+  administration of justice, and give them wisdome and largnes of harte.
+
+  CHARLES CHANNCY.
+
+Besids y^e occation before mentioned in these writings concerning the
+abuse of those 2. children, they had aboute y^e same time a case of
+buggerie fell out amongst them, which occasioned these questions, to
+which these answers have been made.
+
+And after y^e time of y^e writ[=i]g of these things befell a very sadd
+accidente of the like foule nature in this govermente, this very year,
+which I shall now relate. Ther was a youth whose name was Thomas
+Granger; he was servant to an honest man of Duxbery, being aboute 16. or
+17. years of age. (His father & mother lived at the same time at
+Sityate.) He was this year detected of buggery (and indicted for y^e
+same) with a mare, a cowe, tow goats, five sheep, 2. calves, and a
+turkey. Horrible [249] it is to mention, but y^e truth of y^e historie
+requires it. He was first discovered by one y^t accidentally saw his
+lewd practise towards the mare. (I forbear perticulers.) Being upon it
+examined and co[=m]itted, in y^e end he not only confest y^e fact with
+that beast at that time, but sundrie times before, and at severall times
+with all y^e rest of y^e forenamed in his indictmente; and this his
+free-confession was not only in private to y^e magistrats, (though at
+first he strived to deney it,) but to sundrie, both ministers & others,
+and afterwards, upon his indictmente, to y^e whole court & jury; and
+confirmed it at his execution. And wheras some of y^e sheep could not so
+well be knowne by his description of them, others with them were brought
+before him, and he declared which were they, and which were not. And
+accordingly he was cast by y^e jury, and condemned, and after executed
+about y^e 8. of Sept^r, 1642. A very sade spectakle it was; for first
+the mare, and then y^e cowe, and y^e rest of y^e lesser catle, were kild
+before his face, according to y^e law, Levit: 20. 15. and then he him
+selfe was executed. The catle were all cast into a great & large pitte
+that was digged of purposs for them, and no use made of any part of
+them.
+
+Upon y^e examenation of this person, and also of a former that had made
+some sodomiticall attempts upon another, it being demanded of them how
+they came first to y^e knowledge and practice of such wickednes, the one
+confessed he had long used it in old England; and this youth last
+spoaken of said he was taught it by an other that had heard of such
+things from some in England when he was ther, and they kept catle
+togeather. By which it appears how one wicked person may infecte many;
+and what care all ought to have what servants they bring into their
+families.
+
+But it may be demanded how came it to pass that so many wicked persons
+and profane people should so quickly come over into this land, & mixe
+them selves amongst them? seeing it was religious men y^t begane y^e
+work, and they came for religions sake. I confess this may be marveilled
+at, at least in time to come, when the reasons therof should not be
+knowne; and y^e more because here was so many hardships and wants mett
+withall. I shall therfore indeavor to give some answer hereunto. And
+first, according to y^t in y^e gospell, it is ever to be remembred that
+wher y^e Lord begins to sow good seed, ther y^e envious man will
+endeavore to sow tares. 2. Men being to come over into a wildernes, in
+which much labour & servise was to be done aboute building & planting,
+&c., such as wanted help in y^t respecte, when they could not have such
+as y^ey would, were glad to take such as they could; and so, many
+untoward servants, sundry of them proved, that were thus brought over,
+both men & women kind: who, when their times were expired, became
+families of them selves, which gave increase hereunto. 3. An other and a
+maine reason hearof was, that men, finding so many godly disposed
+persons willing to come into these parts, some begane to make a trade of
+it, to transeport passengers & their goods, and hired ships for that
+end; and then, to make up their fraight and advance their profite, cared
+not who y^e persons were, so they had money to pay them. And by this
+means the cuntrie became pestered with many unworthy persons, who, being
+come over, crept into one place or other. 4. Againe, the Lords blesing
+usually following his people, as well in outward as spirituall things,
+(though afflictions be mixed withall,) doe make many to adhear to y^e
+people of God, as many followed Christ, for y^e loaves sake, John 6. 26.
+and a mixed multitud came into y^e willdernes with y^e people of God out
+of Eagipte of old, Exod. 12. 38; so allso ther were sente by their
+freinds some under hope y^t they would be made better; others that they
+might be eased of such burthens, and they kept from shame at home y^t
+would necessarily follow their dissolute courses. And thus, by one means
+or other, in 20. years time, it is a question whether y^e greater part
+be not growne y^e worser.
+
+[250] I am now come to y^e conclusion of that long & tedious bussines
+betweene y^e partners hear, & them in England, the which I shall
+manifest by their owne letters as followeth, in such parts of them as
+are pertinente to y^e same.
+
+_M^r. Sherleys to M^r. Attwood._
+
+  M^r. Attwood, my approved loving friend: Your letter of y^e 18. of
+  October last I have received, wherin I find you have taken a great
+  deall of paines and care aboute y^t troublesome bussines betwixte our
+  Plimoth partners & freinds, & us hear, and have deeply ingaged your
+  selfe, for which complements & words are no reall satisfaction, &c.
+  For y^e agreemente you have made with M^r. Bradford, M^r. Winslow, &
+  y^e rest of y^e partners ther, considering how honestly and justly I
+  am perswaded they have brought in an accounte of y^e remaining stock,
+  for my owne parte I am well satisfied, and so I thinke is M^r.
+  Andrewes, and I supose will be M^r. Beachampe, if most of it might
+  acrew to him, to whom y^e least is due, &c. And now for peace sake,
+  and to conclud as we began, lovingly and freindly, and to pass by all
+  failings of all, the conclude is accepted of; I say this agreemente
+  y^t you have made is condesended unto, and M^r. Andrews hath sent his
+  release to M^r. Winthrop, with such directions as he conceives fitt;
+  and I have made bould to trouble you with mine, and we have both
+  sealed in y^e presence of M^r. Weld, and M^r. Peeters, and some
+  others, and I have also sente you an other, for the partners ther, to
+  seale to me; for you must not deliver mine to them, excepte they seale
+  & deliver one to me; this is fitt and equall, &c.
+
+  Yours to co[=m]and in what I may or can,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  June 14. 1642.
+
+_His to y^e partners as followeth._
+
+  Loving freinds,
+
+  M^r. Bradford, M^r. Winslow, M^r. Prence, Captaine Standish, M^r.
+  Brewster, M^r. Alden, & M^r. Howland, give me leave to joyne you all
+  in one letter, concerning y^e finall end & conclude of y^t tedious &
+  troublsome bussines, & I thinke I may truly say uncomfurtable &
+  unprofitable to all, &c. It hath pleased God now to put us upon a way
+  to sease all suits, and disquieting of our spirites, and to conclude
+  with peace and love, as we began. I am contented to yeeld & make good
+  what M^r. Attwood and you have agreed upon; and for y^t end have sente
+  to my loving friend, M^r. Attwood, an absolute and generall release
+  unto you all, and if ther wante any thing to make it more full, write
+  it your selves, & it shall be done, provided y^t all you, either
+  joyntly or severally, seale y^e like discharge to me. And for y^t end
+  I have drawne one joyntly, and sent it to M^r. Attwood, with y^t I
+  have sealed to you. Mr. Andrews hath sealed an aquitance also, & sent
+  it to M^r. Winthrop, whith such directions as he conceived fitt, and,
+  as I hear, hath given his debte, which he maks 544^li. unto y^e
+  gentlemen of y^e Bay. Indeed, M^r. Welld, M^r. Peters, & M^r. Hibbens
+  have taken a great deale of paines with M^r. Andrews, M^r. Beachamp, &
+  my selfe, to bring us to agree, and to y^t end we have had many
+  meetings and spent much time aboute it. But as they are very religious
+  & honest gentle-men, yet they had an end y^t they drove at & laboured
+  to accomplish (I meane not any private end, but for y^e generall good
+  of their patente). It had been very well you had sent one over. M^r.
+  Andrew wished you might have one 3. parte of y^e 1200^li. & the Bay 2.
+  thirds; but then we 3. must have agreed togeather, which were a hard
+  mater now. But M^r. Weld, M^r. Peters, & M^r. Hibbens, & I, have
+  agreed, they giving you bond (so to compose with M^r. Beachamp, as) to
+  procure his generall release, & free you from all trouble & charge y^t
+  he may put you too; which indeed is nothing, for I am perswaded M^r.
+  Weld will in time gaine him to give them all that is dew to [251] him,
+  which in some sorte is granted allready; for though his demands be
+  great, yet M^r. Andrewes hath taken some paines in it, and makes it
+  appear to be less then I thinke he will consente to give them for so
+  good an use; so you neede not fear, that for taking bond ther to save
+  you harmles, you be safe and well. Now our accord is, y^t you must pay
+  to y^e gentle-men of y^e Bay 900^li.; they are to bear all chargs y^t
+  may any way arise concerning y^e free & absolute clearing of you from
+  us three. And you to have y^e other 300^li. &c.
+
+  Upon y^e receiving of my release from you, I will send you your bonds
+  for y^e purchass money. I would have sent them now, but I would have
+  M^r. Beachamp release as well as I, because you are bound to him in
+  them. Now I know if a man be bound to 12. men, if one release, it is
+  as if all released, and my discharge doth cutt them of; wherfore
+  doubte you not but you shall have them, & your commission, or any
+  thing els that is fitt. Now you know ther is tow years of y^e purchass
+  money, that I would not owne, for I have formerley certified you y^t
+  would but pay 7. years; but now you are discharged of all, &c.
+
+  Your loving and kind friend in what I may or can,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  June 14. 1642.
+
+
+The coppy of his release is as followeth.
+
+  Wheras diverce questions, differences, & demands have arisen &
+  depended betweene William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence,
+  Mylest Standish, William Brewster, John Allden, and John Howland,
+  gent: now or latly inhabitants or resident at New-Plimoth, in
+  New-England, on y^e one party, and James Sherley of London, marchante,
+  and others, in th' other parte, for & concerning a stocke & partable
+  trade of beaver & other comodities, and fraighting of ships, as y^e
+  White Angell, Frindship, or others, and y^e goods of Isaack Allerton
+  which were seazed upon by vertue of a leter of atturney made by y^e
+  said James Sherley and John Beachamp and Richard Andrews, or any other
+  maters concerning y^e said trade, either hear in Old-England or ther
+  in New-England or elsewher, all which differences are since by
+  mediation of freinds composed, compremissed, and all y^e said parties
+  agreed. Now know all men by these presents, that I, the said James
+  Sherley, in performance of y^e said compremise & agreemente, have
+  remised, released, and quite claimed, & doe by these presents remise,
+  release, and for me, myne heires, executors, & Administrators, and for
+  every of us, for ever quite claime unto y^e said William Bradford,
+  Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles Standish, William Brewster, John
+  Allden, & John Howland, and every of them, their & every of their
+  heires, executors, and administrators, all and all maner of actions,
+  suits, debts, accounts, rekonings, comissions, bonds, bills,
+  specialties, judgments, executions, claimes, challinges, differences,
+  and demands whatsoever, with or against y^e said William Bradford,
+  Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles Standish, William Brewster, John
+  Allden, and John Howland, or any of them, ever I had, now have, or in
+  time to come can, shall, or may have, for any mater, cause, or thing
+  whatsoever from y^e begining of y^e world untill y^e day of y^e date
+  of these presents. In witnes wherof I have hereunto put my hand &
+  seale, given the second day of June, 1642, and in y^e eighteenth year
+  of y^e raigne of our soveraigne lord, king Charles, &c.
+
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Sealed and delivered in y^e presence of
+  THOMAS WELD,
+  HUGH PETERS,
+  WILLIAM HIBBINS.
+  ARTHUR TIRREY, Scr.
+  THO: STURGS, his servante.
+
+
+M^r. Andrews his discharg was to y^e same effecte; he was by
+agreem[=e]te to have 500^li. of y^e money, the which he gave to them in
+y^e Bay, who brought his discharge and demanded y^e money. And they
+tooke in his release and paid y^e money according to agreem[=e]te, viz.
+one third of the 500^li. they paid downe in hand, and y^e rest in 4.
+equall payments, to be paid yearly, for which they gave their bonds. And
+wheras 44^li. was more demanded, they conceived they could take it of
+with M^r. Andrews, and therfore it was not in the bonde. [252] But M^r.
+Beachamp would not parte with any of his, but demanded 400^li. of y^e
+partners here, & sent a release to a friend, to deliver it to them upon
+y^e receite of y^e money. But his relese was not perfecte, for he had
+left out some of y^e partners names, with some other defects; and
+besids, the other gave them to understand he had not near so much due.
+So no end was made with him till 4. years after; of which in it plase.
+And in y^t regard, that them selves did not agree, I shall inserte some
+part of M^r. Andrews letter, by which he conceives y^e partners here
+were wronged, as followeth. This leter of his was write to M^r. Edmond
+Freeman, brother in law to M^r. Beachamp.
+
+  M^r. Freeman,
+
+  My love remembred unto you, &c. I then certified y^e partners how I
+  found M^r. Beachamp & M^r. Sherley, in their perticuler demands, which
+  was according to mens principles, of getting what they could;
+  allthough y^e one will not shew any accounte, and y^e other a very
+  unfaire and unjust one; and both of them discouraged me from sending
+  y^e partners my accounte, M^r. Beachamp espetially. Their reason, I
+  have cause to conceive, was, y^t allthough I doe not, nor ever
+  intended to, wrong y^e partners or y^e bussines, yet, if I gave no
+  accounte, I might be esteemed as guiltie as they, in some degree at
+  least; and they might seeme to be y^e more free from taxation in not
+  delivering their accounts, who have both of them charged y^e accounte
+  with much intrest they have payed forth, and one of them would likwise
+  for much intrest he hath not paid forth, as appeareth by his accounte,
+  &c. And seeing y^e partners have now made it appear y^t ther is
+  1200^li. remaining due between us all, and that it may appear by my
+  accounte I have not charged y^e bussines with any intrest, but doe
+  forgive it unto y^e partners, above 200^li. if M^r. Sherley & M^r.
+  Beachamp, who have betweene them wronged y^e bussines so many 100^li.
+  both in principall & intrest likwise, and have therin wronged me as
+  well and as much as any of y^e partners; yet if they will not make &
+  deliver faire & true accounts of y^e same, nor be contente to take
+  what by computation is more then can be justly due to either, that is,
+  to M^r. Beachamp 150^li. as by M^r. Allertons accounte, and M^r.
+  Sherleys accounte, on oath in chancerie; and though ther might be
+  nothing due to M^r. Sherley, yet he requirs 100^li. &c. I conceive,
+  seing y^e partners have delivered on their oaths y^e su[=m]e remaining
+  in their hands, that they may justly detaine y^e 650^li. which may
+  remaine in their hands, after I am satisfied, untill M^r. Sherley &
+  M^r. Beachamp will be more fair & just in their ending, &c. And as I
+  intend, if y^e partners fayrly end with me, in satisfing in parte and
+  ingaging them selves for y^e rest of my said 544^li. to returne back
+  for y^e poore my parte of y^e land at Sityate, so likwise I intend to
+  relinquish my right & intrest in their dear patente, on which much of
+  our money was laid forth, and also my right & intrest in their cheap
+  purchass, the which may have cost me first & last 350^li.[EO] But I
+  doubte whether other men have not charged or taken on accounte what
+  they have disbursed in y^e like case, which I have not charged,
+  neither did I conceive any other durst so doe, untill I saw y^e
+  accounte of the one and heard y^e words of y^e other; the which gives
+  me just cause to suspecte both their accounts to be unfaire; for it
+  seemeth they consulted one with another aboute some perticulers
+  therin. Therfore I conceive y^e partners ought y^e rather to require
+  just accounts from each of them before they parte with any money to
+  either of them. For marchants understand how to give an acounte; if
+  they mean fairley, they will not deney to give an accounte, for they
+  keep memorialls to helpe them to give exacte acounts in all
+  perticulers, and memoriall cannot forget his charge, if y^e man will
+  remember. I desire not to wrong M^r. Beachamp or M^r. Sherley, nor may
+  be silente in such apparente probabilities of their wronging y^e
+  partners, and me likwise, either in deneying to deliver or shew any
+  accounte, or in delivering one very unjuste in some perticulers, and
+  very suspitious in many more; either of which, being from
+  understanding marchants, cannot be from weaknes or simplisitie, and
+  therfore y^e more unfaire. So comending you & yours, and all y^e
+  Lord's people, unto y^e gratious protection and blessing of y^e Lord,
+  and rest your loving friend,
+
+  RICHARD ANDREWES.
+
+  Aprill 7. 1643.
+
+
+This leter was write y^e year after y^e agreement, as doth appear; and
+what his judgmente was herein, y^e contents doth manifest, and so I
+leave it to y^e equall judgmente of any to consider, as they see cause.
+
+Only I shall adde what M^r. Sherley furder write in a leter of his,
+about y^e same time, and so leave this bussines. His is as followeth on
+y^e other side.[EP]
+
+  [253] Loving freinds, M^r. Bradford, M^r. Winslow, Cap: Standish, M^r.
+  Prence, and y^e rest of y^e partners w^th you; I shall write this
+  generall leter to you all, hoping it will be a good conclude of a
+  generall, but a costly & tedious bussines I thinke to all, I am sure
+  to me, &c.
+
+  I received from M^r. Winslow a letter of y^e 28. of Sept: last, and so
+  much as concernes y^e generall bussines I shall answer in this, not
+  knowing whether I shall have opportunitie to write perticuler letters,
+  &c. I expected more letters from you all, as some perticuler
+  writs,[EQ] but it seemeth no fitt opportunity was offered. And now,
+  though y^e bussines for y^e maine may stand, yet some perticulers is
+  alltered; I say my former agreemente with M^r. Weld & M^r. Peters,
+  before they[ER] could conclude or gett any grante of M^r. Andrews,
+  they sought to have my release; and ther upon they sealed me a bond
+  for a 110^li. So I sente my acquittance, for they said without mine
+  ther would be no end made (& ther was good reason for it). Now they
+  hoped, if y^ey ended with me, to gaine M^r. Andrews parte, as they did
+  holy, to a pound, (at which I should wonder, but y^t I observe some
+  passages,) and they also hoped to have gotten M^r. Beachamps part, & I
+  did thinke he would have given it them. But if he did well understand
+  him selfe, & that acounte, he would give it; for his demands make a
+  great sound.[ES] But it seemeth he would not parte with it, supposing
+  it too great a sume, and y^t he might easily gaine it from you. Once
+  he would have given them 40^li. but now they say he will not doe that,
+  or rather I suppose they will not take it; for if they doe, & have
+  M^r. Andrewses, then they must pay me their bond of 110^li. 3 months
+  hence. Now it will fall out farr better for you, y^t they deal not
+  with Mr. Beachamp, and also for me, if you be as kind to me as I have
+  been & will be to you; and y^t thus, if you pay M^r. Andrews, or y^e
+  Bay men, by his order, 544^li. which is his full demande; but if
+  looked into, perhaps might be less. The man is honest, & in my
+  conscience would not wittingly doe wronge, yett he may forgett as well
+  as other men; and M^r. Winslow may call to minde wherin he forgetts;
+  (but some times it is good to buy peace.) The gentlemen of y^e Bay may
+  abate 100^li. and so both sids have more right & justice then if they
+  exacte all, &c. Now if you send me a 150^li. then say M^r. Andrews
+  full sume, & this, it is nere 700^li. M^r. Beachamp he demands 400^li.
+  and we all know that, if a man demands money, he must shew wherfore,
+  and make proofe of his debte; which I know he can never make good
+  proafe of one hunderd pound dew unto him as principall money; so till
+  he can, you have good reason to keep y^e 500^li. &c. This I proteste I
+  write not in malice against M^r. Beachamp, for it is a reall truth.
+  You may partly see it by M^r. Andrews making up his accounte, and I
+  think you are all perswaded I can say more then M^r. Andrews
+  concerning that accounte. I wish I could make up my owne as plaine &
+  easily, but because of former discontents, I will be sparing till I be
+  called; & you may injoye y^e 500^li. quietly till he begine; for let
+  him take his course hear or ther, it shall be all one, I will doe him
+  no wronge; and if he have not on peney more, he is less loser then
+  either M^r. Andrews or I. This I conceive to be just & honest; y^e
+  having or not having of his release matters not; let him make such
+  proafe of his debte as you cannot disprove, and according to your
+  first agreemente you will pay it, &c.
+
+  Your truly affectioned friend,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  London, Aprill 27. 1643.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1643._
+
+I am to begine this year whith that which was a mater of great saddnes
+and mo[=u]ring unto them all. Aboute y^e 18. of Aprill dyed their Reve^d
+Elder, and my dear & loving friend, M^r. William Brewster; a man that
+had done and suffered much for y^e Lord Jesus and y^e gospells sake, and
+had bore his parte in well and woe with this poore persecuted church
+above 36. years [254] in England, Holand, and in this wildernes, and
+done y^e Lord & them faithfull service in his place & calling. And
+notwithstanding y^e many troubls and sorrows he passed throw, the Lord
+upheld him to a great age. He was nere fourskore years of age (if not
+all out) when he dyed. He had this blesing added by y^e Lord to all y^e
+rest, to dye in his bed, in peace, amongst y^e mids of his freinds, who
+mourned & wepte over him, and ministered what help & comforte they could
+unto him, and he againe recomforted them whilst he could. His sicknes
+was not long, and till y^e last day therof he did not wholy keepe his
+bed. His speech continued till somewhat more then halfe a day, & then
+failed him; and aboute 9. or 10. a clock that ev[=i]ng he dyed, without
+any pangs at all. A few howers before, he drew his breath shorte, and
+some few minuts before his last, he drew his breath long, as a man falen
+into a sound slepe, without any pangs or gaspings, and so sweetly
+departed this life unto a better.
+
+I would now demand of any, what he was y^e worse for any former
+sufferings? What doe I say, worse? Nay, sure he was y^e better, and they
+now added to his honour. _It is a manifest token_ (saith y^e Apostle, 2.
+Thes: 1. 5, 6, 7.) _of y^e righeous judgmente of God that you may be
+counted worthy of y^e kingdome of God, for which ye allso suffer; seing
+it is a righteous thing with God to recompence tribulation to them y^t
+trouble you: and to you who are troubled, rest with us, when y^e Lord
+Jesus shall be revealed from heaven, with his mighty angels._ 1. Pet. 4.
+14. _If you be reproached for y^e name of Christ, hapy are ye, for y^e
+spirite of glory and of God resteth upon you._ What though he wanted y^e
+riches and pleasurs of y^e world in this life, and pompous monuments at
+his funurall? yet y^e memoriall of y^e just shall be blessed, when y^e
+name of y^e wicked shall rott (with their marble monuments). Pro: 10. 7.
+
+I should say something of his life, if to say a litle were not worse
+then to be silent. But I cannot wholy forbear, though hapily more may be
+done hereafter. After he had attained some learning, viz. y^e knowledg
+of y^e Latine tongue, & some insight in y^e Greeke, and spent some small
+time at Cambridge, and then being first seasoned with y^e seeds of grace
+and vertue, he went to y^e Courte, and served that religious and godly
+gentlman, M^r. Davison, diverce years, when he was Secretary of State;
+who found him so discreete and faithfull as he trusted him above all
+other that were aboute him, and only imployed him in all matters of
+greatest trust and secrecie. He esteemed him rather as a sonne then a
+servante, and for his wisdom & godlines (in private) he would converse
+with him more like a freind & familier then a maister. He attended his
+m^r. when he was sente in ambassage by the Queene into y^e
+Low-Countries, in y^e Earle of Leicesters time, as for other waighty
+affaires of state, so to receive possession of the cautionary townes,
+and in token & signe therof the keyes of Flushing being delivered to
+him, in her ma^tis name, he kepte them some time, and co[=m]itted them
+to this his servante, who kept them under his pilow, on which he slepte
+y^e first night. And, at his returne, y^e States honoured him with a
+gould chaine, and his maister co[=m]itted it to him, and co[=m]anded him
+to wear it when they arrived in England, as they ridd thorrow the
+country, till they came to y^e Courte. He afterwards remained with him
+till his troubles, that he was put from his place aboute y^e death of
+y^e Queene of Scots; and some good time after, doeing him manie
+faithfull offices of servise in y^e time of his troubles. Afterwards he
+wente and lived in y^e country, in good esteeme amongst his freinds and
+y^e gentle-men of those parts, espetially the godly & religious. He did
+much good in y^e countrie wher he lived, in promoting and furthering
+religion, not only by his practiss & example, and provocking and
+incouraging of others, but by procuring of good preachers to y^e places
+theraboute, and, drawing on of others to assiste & help forward in such
+a worke; he him selfe most comonly deepest in y^e charge, & some times
+above his abillitie. And in this state he continued many years, doeing
+y^e best good he could, and walking according to y^e light he saw, till
+y^e Lord reveiled further unto him. And in y^e end, by y^e tirrany of
+y^e bishops against godly preachers & people, in silenceing the one &
+persecuting y^e other, he and many more of those times begane to looke
+further into things, and to see into y^e unlawfullnes of their callings,
+and y^e burthen of many anti-christian corruptions, which both he and
+they endeavored to cast of; as y^ey allso did, as in y^e begining of
+this treatis is to be seene. [255] After they were joyned togither in
+comunion, he was a spetiall stay & help unto them. They ordinarily mett
+at his house on y^e Lords day, (which was a manor of y^e bishops,) and
+with great love he entertained them when they came, making provission
+for them to his great charge. He was y^e cheefe of those that were taken
+at Boston, and suffered y^e greatest loss; and of y^e seven that were
+kept longst in prison, and after bound over to y^e assises. Affter he
+came into Holland he suffered much hardship, after he had spente y^e
+most of his means, haveing a great charge, and many children; and, in
+regard of his former breeding & course of life, not so fitt for many
+imployments as others were, espetially such as were toylesume &
+laborious. But yet he ever bore his condition with much cherfullnes and
+contentation. Towards y^e later parte of those 12. years spente in
+Holland, his outward condition was mended, and he lived well &
+plentifully; for he fell into a way (by reason he had y^e Latine tongue)
+to teach many students, who had a disire to lerne y^e English tongue, to
+teach them English; and by his method they quickly attained it with
+great facilitie; for he drew rules to lerne it by, after y^e Latine
+maner; and many gentlemen, both Danes & Germans, resorted to him, as
+they had time from other studies, some of them being great mens
+so[=n]es. He also had means to set up printing, (by y^e help of some
+freinds,) and so had imploymente inoughg, and by reason of many books
+which would not be alowed to be printed in England, they might have had
+more then they could doe. But now removeing into this countrie, all
+these things were laid aside againe, and a new course of living must be
+framed unto; in which he was no way unwilling to take his parte, and to
+bear his burthen with y^e rest, living many times without bread, or
+corne, many months together, having many times nothing but fish, and
+often wanting that also; and drunke nothing but water for many years
+togeather, yea, till within 5. or 6. years of his death. And yet he
+lived (by y^e blessing of God) in health till very old age. And besids
+y^t, he would labour with his hands in y^e feilds as long as he was
+able; yet when the church had no other minister, he taught twise every
+Saboth, and y^t both powerfully and profitably, to y^e great contentment
+of y^e hearers, and their comfortable edification; yea, many were
+brought to God by his ministrie. He did more in this behalfe in a year,
+then many that have their hundreds a year doe in all their lives. For
+his personall abilities, he was qualified above many; he was wise and
+discreete and well spoken, having a grave & deliberate utterance, of a
+very cherfull spirite, very sociable & pleasante amongst his freinds, of
+an humble and modest mind, of a peaceable disposition, under vallewing
+him self & his owne abilities, and some time over valewing others;
+inoffencive and i[=n]ocente in his life & conversation, w^ch gained him
+y^e love of those without, as well as those within; yet he would tell
+them plainely of their faults & evills, both publickly & privatly, but
+in such a maner as usually was well taken from him. He was tender
+harted, and compassionate of such as were in miserie, but espetialy of
+such as had been of good estate and ranke, and were fallen unto want &
+poverty, either for goodnes & religions sake, or by y^e injury &
+oppression of others; he would say, of all men these deserved to be
+pitied most. And none did more offend & displease him then such as would
+hautily and proudly carry & lift up themselves, being rise from nothing,
+and haveing litle els in them to comend them but a few fine cloaths, or
+a litle riches more then others. In teaching, he was very moving &
+stirring of affections, also very plaine & distincte in what he taught;
+by which means he became y^e more profitable to y^e hearers. He had a
+singuler good gift in prayer, both publick & private, in ripping up y^e
+hart & conscience before God, in the humble confession of sinne, and
+begging y^e mercies of God in Christ for y^e pardon of y^e same. He
+always thought it were better for ministers to pray oftener, and devide
+their prears, then be longe & tedious in the same (excepte upon sollemne
+& spetiall occations, as in days of humiliation & y^e like). His reason
+was, that y^e harte & spirits of all, espetialy y^e weake, could hardly
+continue & stand bente (as it were) so long towards God, as they ought
+to doe in y^t duty, without flagging and falling of. For y^e govermente
+of y^e church, (which was most [256] proper to his office,) he was
+carfull to preserve good order in y^e same, and to preserve puritie,
+both in y^e doctrine & comunion of y^e same; and to supress any errour
+or contention that might begine to rise up amongst them; and accordingly
+God gave good success to his indeavors herein all his days, and he saw
+y^e fruite of his labours in that behalfe. But I must breake of, having
+only thus touched a few, as it were, heads of things.
+
+I cannot but here take occasion, not only to mention, but greatly to
+admire y^e marvelous providence of God, that notwithstanding y^e many
+changes and hardships that these people wente throwgh, and y^e many
+enemies they had and difficulties they mette with all, that so many of
+them should live to very olde age! It was not only this reve^d mans
+condition, (for one swallow maks no summer, as they say,) but many more
+of them did y^e like, some dying aboute and before this time, and many
+still living, who attained to 60. years of age, and to 65. diverse to
+70. and above, and some nere 80. as he did. It must needs be more then
+ordinarie, and above naturall reason, that so it should be; for it is
+found in experience, that chaing of aeir, famine, or unholsome foode,
+much drinking of water, sorrows & troubls, &c., all of them are enimies
+to health, causes of many diseaces, consumers of naturall vigoure and
+y^e bodys of men, and shortners of life. And yet of all these things
+they had a large parte, and suffered deeply in y^e same. They wente from
+England to Holand, wher they found both worse air and dyet then that
+they came from; from thence (induring a long imprisonmente, as it were,
+in y^e ships at sea) into New-England; and how it hath been with them
+hear hath allready beene showne; and what crosses, troubls, fears,
+wants, and sorrowes they had been lyable unto, is easie to conjecture;
+so as in some sorte they may say with y^e Apostle, 2. Cor: 11. 26, 27.
+they were _in journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perills of
+robers, in perills of their owne nation, in perils among y^e heathen, in
+perills in y^e willdernes, in perills in y^e sea, in perills among
+false breethern; in wearines & painfullnes, in watching often, in hunger
+and thirst, in fasting often, in could and nakednes._ What was it then
+that upheld them? It was Gods vissitation that preserved their spirits.
+Job 10. 12. _Thou hast given me life and grace, and thy vissitation hath
+preserved my spirite._ He that upheld y^e Apostle upheld them. _They
+were persecuted, but not forsaken, cast downe, but perished not._ 2.
+Cor: 4. 9. _As unknowen, and yet knowen; as dying, and behold we live;
+as chastened, and yett not kiled._ 2. Cor: 6. 9. God, it seems, would
+have all men to behold and observe such mercies and works of his
+providence as these are towards his people, that they in like cases
+might be incouraged to depend upon God in their trials, & also blese his
+name when they see his goodnes towards others. Man lives not by bread
+only, Deut: 8. 3. It is not by good & dainty fare, by peace, & rest, and
+harts ease, in injoying y^e contentments and good things of this world
+only, that preserves health and prolongs life. God in such examples
+would have y^e world see & behold that he can doe it without them; and
+if y^e world will shut ther eyes, and take no notice therof, yet he
+would have his people to see and consider it. Daniell could be better
+liking with pulse then others were with y^e kings dainties. Jaacob,
+though he wente from one nation to another people, and passed thorow
+famine, fears, & many afflictions, yet he lived till old age, and dyed
+sweetly, & rested in y^e Lord, as infinite others of Gods servants have
+done, and still shall doe, (through Gods goodnes,) notwithstanding all
+y^e malice of their enemies; _when y^e branch of y^e wicked shall be cut
+of before his day_, Job. 15. 32. _and the bloody and deceitfull men
+shall not live out halfe their days_. Psa: 55. 23.
+
+By reason of y^e plottings of the Narigansets, (ever since y^e Pequents
+warr,) the Indeans were drawne into a generall conspiracie against y^e
+English in all parts, as was in part discovered y^e yeare before; and
+now made more plaine and evidente by many discoveries and
+free-conffessions of sundrie Indeans (upon severall occasions) from
+diverse places, concuring in one; with such other concuring
+circomstances as gave them suffissently to understand the trueth therof,
+and to thinke of means, how to prevente y^e same, and secure them
+selves. Which made them enter into this more nere union & confederation
+following.
+
+  [257] Articles of Confederation betweene y^e Plantations under y^e
+  Govermente of Massachusets, y^e Plantations under y^e Govermente of
+  New-Plimoth, y^e Plantations under y^e Govermente of Conightecute, and
+  y^e Govermente of New-Haven, with y^e Plantations in combination
+  therwith.
+
+  Wheras we all came into these parts of America with one and y^e same
+  end and aime, namly; to advance the kingdome of our Lord Jesus Christ,
+  & to injoye y^e liberties of y^e Gospell in puritie with peace; and
+  wheras in our setling (by a wise providence of God) we are further
+  disperced upon y^e sea coasts and rivers then was at first intended,
+  so y^t we cannot, according to our desires, with convenience
+  comunicate in one govermente & jurisdiction; and wheras we live
+  encompassed with people of severall nations and strang languages,
+  which hereafter may prove injurious to us and our posteritie; and for
+  as much as y^e natives have formerly committed sundrie insolencies and
+  outrages upon severall plantations of y^e English, and have of late
+  combined them selves against us; and seeing, by reason of those
+  distractions in England (which they have heard of) and by which they
+  know we are hindered from y^t humble way of seeking advice or reaping
+  those comfurtable fruits of protection which at other times we might
+  well expecte; we therfore doe conceive it our bounden duty, without
+  delay, to enter into a presente consociation amongst our selves, for
+  mutuall help & strength in all our future concernments. That as in
+  nation and religion, so in other respects, we be & continue one,
+  according to y^e tenor and true meaning of the insuing articles. (1)
+  Wherfore it is fully agreed and concluded by & betweene y^e parties or
+  jurisdictions above named, and they joyntly & severally doe by these
+  presents agree & conclude, that they all be and henceforth be called
+  by y^e name of The United Colonies of New-England.
+
+  2. The said United Collonies, for them selves & their posterities, doe
+  joyntly & severally hereby enter into a firme & perpetuall league of
+  frendship & amitie, for offence and defence, mutuall advice and
+  succore upon all just occasions, both for preserving & propagating y^e
+  truth of y^e Gospell, and for their owne mutuall saftie and wellfare.
+
+  3. It is further agreed that the plantations which at presente are or
+  hereafter shall be setled with[in] y^e limites of y^e Massachusets
+  shall be for ever under y^e Massachusets, and shall have peculier
+  jurisdiction amonge them selves in all cases, as an intire body. And
+  y^t Plimoth, Conightecutt, and New-Haven shall each of them have like
+  peculier jurisdition and govermente within their limites and in
+  refference to y^e plantations which allready are setled, or shall
+  hereafter be erected, or shall setle within their limites,
+  respectively; provided y^t no other jurisdition shall hereafter be
+  taken in, as a distincte head or member of this confederation, nor
+  shall any other plantation or jurisdiction in presente being, and not
+  allready in combination or under y^e jurisdiction of any of these
+  confederats, be received by any of them; nor shall any tow of y^e
+  confederats joyne in one jurisdiction, without consente of y^e rest,
+  which consete to be interpreted as is expresed in y^e sixte article
+  ensewing.
+
+  4. It is by these conffederats agreed, y^t the charge of all just
+  warrs, whether offencive or defencive, upon what parte or member of
+  this confederation soever they fall, shall, both in men, provissions,
+  and all other disbursments, be borne by all y^e parts of this
+  confederation, in differente proportions, according to their
+  differente abillities, in maner following: namely, y^t the
+  comissioners for each jurisdiction, from time to time, as ther shall
+  be occasion, bring a true accounte and number of all their males in
+  every plantation, or any way belonging too or under their severall
+  jurisdictions, of what qualitie or condition soever they be, from 16.
+  years old to 60, being inhabitants ther; and y^t according to y^e
+  differente numbers which from time to time shall be found in each
+  jurisdiction upon a true & just accounte, the service of men and all
+  charges of y^e warr be borne by y^e pole; each jurisdiction or
+  plantation being left to their owne just course & custome of rating
+  them selves and people according to their differente estates, with due
+  respects to their qualities and exemptions amongst them selves, though
+  the confederats take no notice of any such priviledg. And y^t
+  according to their differente charge of each jurisdiction &
+  plantation, the whole advantage of y^e warr, (if it please God to
+  blesse their indeaours,) whether it be in lands, goods, or persons,
+  shall be proportionably devided amonge y^e said confederats.
+
+  5. It is further agreed, that if these jurisdictions, or any
+  plantation under or in combynacion with them, be invaded by any enemie
+  whomsoever, upon notice & requeste of any 3. [258] magistrats of y^t
+  jurisdiction so invaded, y^e rest of y^e confederats, without any
+  further meeting or expostulation, shall forthwith send ayde to y^e
+  confederate in danger, but in differente proportion; namely, y^e
+  Massachusets an hundred men sufficently armed & provided for such a
+  service and journey, and each of y^e rest forty five so armed &
+  provided, or any lesser number, if less be required according to this
+  proportion. But if such confederate in danger may be supplyed by their
+  nexte confederates, not exeeding y^e number hereby agreed, they may
+  crave help ther, and seeke no further for y^e presente; y^e charge to
+  be borne as in this article is exprest, and at y^e returne to be
+  victuled & suplyed with powder & shote for their jurney (if ther be
+  need) by y^t jurisdiction which imployed or sent for them. But none of
+  y^e jurisdictions to exceede these numbers till, by a meeting of y^e
+  co[=m]issioners for this confederation, a greater aide appear
+  nessessarie. And this proportion to continue till upon knowlege of
+  greater numbers in each jurisdiction, which shall be brought to y^e
+  nexte meeting, some other proportion be ordered. But in such case of
+  sending men for presente aide, whether before or after such order or
+  alteration, it is agreed y^t at y^e meeting of y^e comissioners for
+  this confederation, the cause of such warr or invasion be duly
+  considered; and if it appeare y^t the falte lay in y^e parties so
+  invaded, y^t then that jurisdiction or plantation make just
+  satisfaction both to y^e invaders whom they have injured, and beare
+  all y^e charges of y^e warr them selves, without requiring any
+  allowance from y^e rest of y^e confederats towards y^e same. And
+  further, y^t if any jurisdiction see any danger of any invasion
+  approaching, and ther be time for a meeting, that in such a case 3.
+  magistrats of y^t jurisdiction may su[=m]one a meeting, at such
+  conveniente place as them selves shall thinke meete, to consider &
+  provid against y^e threatened danger, provided when they are mett,
+  they may remove to what place they please; only, whilst any of these
+  foure confederats have but 3 magistrats in their jurisdiction, their
+  requeste, or summons, from any 2. of them shall be accounted of equall
+  force with y^e 3. mentioned in both the clauses of this article, till
+  ther be an increase of majestrats ther.
+
+  6. It is also agreed y^t, for y^e managing & concluding of all affairs
+  propper, & concerning the whole confederation, tow comissioners shall
+  be chosen by & out of each of these 4. jurisdictions; namly, 2. for
+  y^e Massachusets, 2. for Plimoth, 2. for Conightecutt, and 2. for
+  New-Haven, being all in church fellowship with us, which shall bring
+  full power from their severall Generall Courts respectively to hear,
+  examene, waigh, and detirmine all affairs of warr, or peace, leagues,
+  aids, charges, and numbers of men for warr, divissions of spoyles, &
+  whatsoever is gotten by conquest; receiving of more confederats, or
+  plantations into combination with any of y^e confederates, and all
+  things of like nature, which are y^e proper concomitants or
+  consequences of such a confederation, for amitie, offence, & defence;
+  not inter-medling with y^e govermente of any of y^e jurisdictions,
+  which by y^e 3. article is preserved entirely to them selves. But if
+  these 8. comissioners when they meete shall not all agree, yet it
+  concluded that any 6. of the 8. agreeing shall have power to setle &
+  determine y^e bussines in question. But if 6. doe not agree, that then
+  such propositions, with their reasons, so farr as they have been
+  debated, be sente, and referred to y^e 4. Generall Courts, viz. y^e
+  Massachusets, Plimoth, Conightecutt, and New-haven; and if at all y^e
+  said Generall Courts y^e bussines so referred be concluded, then to
+  be prosecuted by y^e confederats, and all their members. It was
+  further agreed that these 8. comissioners shall meete once every year,
+  besids extraordinarie meetings, (according to the fifte article,) to
+  consider, treate, & conclude of all affaires belonging to this
+  confederation, which meeting shall ever be the first Thursday in
+  September. And y^t the next meeting after the date of these presents,
+  which shall be accounted y^e second meeting, shall be at Boston in y^e
+  Massachusets, the 3. at Hartford, the 4. at New-Haven, the 5. at
+  Plimoth, and so in course successively, if in y^e meane time some
+  midle place be not found out and agreed on, which may be comodious for
+  all y^e jurisdictions.
+
+  7. It is further agreed, y^t at each meeting of these 8. comissioners,
+  whether ordinarie, or extraordinary, they all 6. of them agreeing as
+  before, may chuse a presidente out of them selves, whose office & work
+  shall be to take care and directe for order, and a comly carrying on
+  of all proceedings in y^e present meeting; but he shall be invested
+  with no such power or respecte, as by which he shall hinder y^e
+  propounding or progrese of any bussines, or any way cast y^e scailes
+  otherwise then in y^e precedente article is agreed.
+
+  [259] 8. It is also agreed, y^t the comissioners for this
+  confederation hereafter at their meetings, whether ordinary or
+  extraordinarie, as they may have comission or opportunitie, doe
+  indeaover to frame and establish agreements & orders in generall cases
+  of a civill nature, wherin all y^e plantations are interessed, for y^e
+  preserving of peace amongst them selves, and preventing as much as may
+  be all occasions of warr or difference with others; as aboute y^e free
+  & speedy passage of justice, in every jurisdiction, to all y^e
+  confederats equally as to their owne; not receiving those y^t remove
+  from one plantation to another without due certificate; how all y^e
+  jurisdictions may carry towards y^e Indeans, that they neither growe
+  insolente, nor be injured without due satisfaction, least warr breake
+  in upon the confederats through such miscarriages. It is also agreed,
+  y^t if any servante rune away from his maister into another of these
+  confederated jurisdictions, that in such case, upon y^e certificate of
+  one magistrate in the jurisdiction out of which y^e said servante
+  fledd, or upon other due proofe, the said servante shall be delivered,
+  either to his maister, or any other y^t pursues & brings such
+  certificate or proofe. And y^t upon y^e escape of any prisoner
+  whatsoever, or fugitive for any criminall cause, whether breaking
+  prison, or getting from y^e officer, or otherwise escaping, upon the
+  certificate of 2. magistrats of y^e jurisdiction out of which y^e
+  escape is made, that he was a prisoner, or such an offender at y^e
+  time of y^e escape, they magistrats, or sume of them of the
+  jurisdiction wher for y^e presente the said prisoner or fugitive
+  abideth, shall forthwith grante such a warrante as y^e case will
+  beare, for y^e apprehending of any such person, & the delivering of
+  him into y^e hands of y^e officer, or other person who pursues him.
+  And if ther be help required, for y^e safe returning of any such
+  offender, then it shall be granted to him y^t craves y^e same, he
+  paying the charges therof.
+
+  9. And for y^t the justest warrs may be of dangerous consequence,
+  espetially to y^e smaler plantations in these United Collonies, it is
+  agreed y^t neither y^e Massachusets, Plimoth, Conightecutt, nor
+  New-Haven, nor any member of any of them, shall at any time hear after
+  begine, undertake, or ingage them selves, or this confederation, or
+  any parte therof, in any warr whatsoever, (sudden[ET] exegents, with
+  y^e necessary consequents therof excepted, which are also to be
+  moderated as much as y^e case will permitte,) without y^e consente
+  and agreemente of y^e forementioned 8. comissioners, or at the least
+  6. of them, as in y^e sixt article is provided. And y^t no charge be
+  required of any of they confederats, in case of a defensive warr, till
+  y^e said comissioners have mett, and approved y^e justice of y^e warr,
+  and have agreed upon y^e su[=m]e of money to be levied, which sume is
+  then to be paid by the severall confederats in proportion according to
+  y^e fourth article.
+
+  10. That in extraordinary occasions, when meetings are summoned by
+  three magistrates of any jurisdiction, or 2. as in y^e 5. article, if
+  any of y^e comissioners come not, due warning being given or sente, it
+  is agreed y^t 4. of the comissioners shall have power to directe a
+  warr which cannot be delayed, and to send for due proportions of men
+  out of each jurisdiction, as well as 6. might doe if all mett; but not
+  less then 6. shall determine the justice of y^e warr, or alow y^e
+  demands or bills of charges, or cause any levies to be made for y^e
+  same.
+
+  11. It is further agreed, y^t if any of y^e confederats shall
+  hereafter breake any of these presente articles, or be any other ways
+  injurious to any one of y^e other jurisdictions, such breach of
+  agreemente or injurie shall be duly considered and ordered by y^e
+  comissioners for y^e other jurisdiction; that both peace and this
+  presente confederation may be intirly preserved without violation.
+
+  12. Lastly, this perpetuall confederation, and y^e severall articles
+  therof being read, and seriously considered, both by y^e Generall
+  Courte for y^e Massachusets, and by y^e comissioners for Plimoth,
+  Conigtecute, & New-Haven, were fully alowed & confirmed by 3. of y^e
+  forenamed confederats, namly, y^e Massachusets, Conightecutt, and
+  New-Haven; only y^e comissioners for Plimoth haveing no co[=m]ission
+  to conclude, desired respite till they might advise with their
+  Generall Courte; wher upon it was agreed and concluded by y^e said
+  Courte of y^e Massachusets, and the comissioners for y^e other tow
+  confederats, that, if Plimoth consente, then the whole treaty as it
+  stands in these present articls is, and shall continue, firme & stable
+  without alteration. But if Plimoth come not in, yet y^e other three
+  confederats doe by these presents [260] confeirme y^e whole
+  confederation, and the articles therof; only in September nexte, when
+  y^e second meeting of y^e co[=m]issioners is to be at Boston, new
+  consideration may be taken of y^e 6. article, which concerns number of
+  comissioners for meeting & concluding the affaires of this
+  confederation, to y^e satisfaction of y^e Courte of y^e Massachusets,
+  and y^e comissioners for y^e other 2. confederats, but y^e rest to
+  stand unquestioned. In y^e testimonie wherof, y^e Generall Courte of
+  y^e Massachusets, by ther Secretary, and y^e comissioners for
+  Conightecutt and New-Haven, have subscribed these presente articles
+  this 19. of y^e third month, comonly called May, Anno Dom: 1643.
+
+  At a meeting of y^e comissioners for y^e confederation held at Boston
+  y^e 7. of Sept: it appearing that the Generall Courte of New-Plimoth,
+  and y^e severall towneshipes therof, have read & considered & approved
+  these articles of confederation, as appeareth by co[=m]ission from
+  their Generall Courte bearing date y^e 29. of August, 1643. to M^r.
+  Edward Winslow and M^r. William Collier, to ratifie and confirme y^e
+  same on their behalfes. We, therfore, y^e Comissioners for y^e
+  Massachusets, Conightecutt, & New Haven, doe also, for our severall
+  goverments, subscribe unto them.
+
+  JOHN WINTHROP, Gov^r. of y^e Massachusest.
+  THO: DUDLEY.
+  GEO: FENWICK.
+  THOMAS GREGSON.
+  THEOPH: EATON.
+  EDWA: HOPKINS.
+  THOMAS GREGSON.
+
+These were y^e articles of agreemente in y^e union and confederation
+which they now first entered into; and in this their first meeting,
+held at Boston y^e day & year abovesaid, amongst other things they had
+this matter of great consequence to considere on: the Narigansets, after
+y^e subduing of y^e Pequents, thought to have ruled over all y^e Indeans
+aboute them; but y^e English, espetially those of Conightecutt holding
+correspondencie & frenship with Uncass, sachem of y^e Monhigg Indeans
+which lived nere them, (as y^e Massachusets had done with y^e
+Narigansets,) and he had been faithful to them in y^e Pequente warr,
+they were ingaged to supporte him in his just liberties, and were
+contented y^t such of y^e surviving Pequents as had submited to him
+should remaine with him and quietly under his protection. This did much
+increase his power and augmente his greatnes, which y^e Narigansets
+could not indure to see. But Myantinomo, their cheefe sachem, (an
+ambitious & politick man,) sought privatly and by trearchery (according
+to y^e Indean maner) to make him away, by hiring some to kill him.
+Sometime they assayed to poyson him; that not takeing, then in y^e night
+time to knock him on y^e head in his house, or secretly to shoot him,
+and such like attempts. But none of these taking effecte, he made open
+warr upon him (though it was against y^e covenants both betweene y^e
+English & them, as also betweene them selves, and a plaine breach of y^e
+same). He came suddanly upon him with 900. or 1000. men (never
+denouncing any warr before). Y^e others power at y^t presente was not
+above halfe so many; but it pleased God to give Uncass y^e victory, and
+he slew many of his men, and wounded many more; but y^e cheefe of all
+was, he tooke Miantinomo prisoner. And seeing he was a greate man, and
+y^e Narigansets a potente people & would seeke revenge, he would doe
+nothing in y^e case without y^e advise of y^e English; so he (by y^e
+help & direction of those of Conightecutt) kept him prisoner till this
+meeting of y^e comissioners. The comissioners weighed y^e cause and
+passages, as they were clearly represented & sufficently evidenced
+betwixte Uncass and Myantinomo; and the things being duly considered,
+the comissioners apparently saw y^t Uncass could not be safe whilst
+Miantynomo lived, but, either by secrete trechery or open force, his
+life would still be in danger. Wherfore they thought he might justly put
+such a false & bloud-thirstie enimie to death; but in his owne
+jurisdiction, not in y^e English plantations. And they advised, in y^e
+maner of his death all mercy and moderation should be showed, contrary
+to y^e practise of y^e Indeans, who exercise torturs and cruelty. And,
+[261] Uncass having hitherto shewed him selfe a freind to y^e English,
+and in this craving their advise, if the Narigansett Indeans or others
+shall unjustly assaulte Uncass for this execution, upon notice and
+request, y^e English promise to assiste and protecte him as farr as they
+may aga[=i]ste such violence.
+
+This was y^e issue of this bussines. The reasons and passages hereof are
+more at large to be seene in y^e acts & records of this meeting of y^e
+comissioners. And Uncass follewd this advise, and accordingly executed
+him, in a very faire maner, acording as they advised, with due respecte
+to his honour & greatnes. But what followed on y^e Narigansets parte
+will appear hear after.
+
+_Anno Dom: 1644._
+
+M^R. EDWARD WINSLOW was chosen Gov^r this year.
+
+Many having left this place (as is before noted) by reason of the
+straightnes & barrennes of y^e same, and their finding of better
+accommodations elsewher, more sutable to their ends & minds; and sundrie
+others still upon every occasion desiring their dismissions, the church
+begane seriously to thinke whether it were not better joyntly to remove
+to some other place, then to be thus weakened, and as it were insensibly
+dissolved. Many meetings and much consultation was held hearaboute, and
+diverse were mens minds and opinions. Some were still for staying
+togeather in this place, aledging men might hear live, if they would be
+contente with their condition; and y^t it was not for wante or
+necessitie so much y^t they removed, as for y^e enriching of them
+selves. Others were resolute upon removall, and so signified y^t hear
+y^ey could not stay; but if y^e church did not remove, they must;
+insomuch as many were swayed, rather then ther should be a dissolution,
+to condescend to a removall, if a fitt place could be found, that might
+more conveniently and comfortablie receive y^e whole, with such
+accession of others as might come to them, for their better strength &
+subsistence; and some such like cautions and limitations. So as, with
+y^e afforesaide provissos, y^e greater parte consented to a removall to
+a place called Nawsett, which had been superficially veiwed and y^e good
+will of y^e purchassers (to whom it belonged) obtained, with some
+addition thertoo from y^e Courte. But now they begane to see their
+errour, that they had given away already the best & most co[=m]odious
+places to others, and now wanted them selves; for this place was about
+50. myles from hence, and at an outside of y^e countrie, remote from all
+society; also, that it would prove so straite, as it would not be
+competente to receive y^e whole body, much less be capable of any
+addition or increase; so as (at least in a shorte time) they should be
+worse ther then they are now hear. The which, with sundery other like
+considerations and inconveniences, made them chaing their resolutions;
+but such as were before resolved upon removall tooke advantage of this
+agreemente, & wente on notwithstanding, neither could y^e rest hinder
+them, they haveing made some begi[=n]ing. And thus was this poore church
+left, like an anciente mother, growne olde, and forsaken of her
+children, (though not in their affections,) yett in regarde of their
+bodily presence and personall helpfullness. Her anciente members being
+most of them worne away by death; and these of later time being like
+children translated into other families, and she like a widow left only
+to trust in God. Thus she that had made many rich became her selfe
+poore.
+
+[262] _Some things handled, and pacified by y^e co[=m]issioner this
+year._
+
+  Wheras, by a wise providence of God, tow of y^e jurisdictions in y^e
+  westerne parts, viz. Conightecutt & New-haven, have beene latly
+  exercised by sundrie insolencies & outrages from y^e Indeans; as,
+  first, an Englishman, runing from his m^r out of y^e Massachusets, was
+  murdered in y^e woods, in or nere y^e limites of Conightecute
+  jurisdiction; and aboute 6. weeks after, upon discovery by an Indean,
+  y^e Indean sagamore in these parts promised to deliver the murderer to
+  y^e English, bound; and having accordingly brought him within y^e
+  sight of Uncaway, by their joynte consente, as it is informed, he was
+  ther unbound, and left to shifte for him selfe; wherupon 10.
+  Englishmen forthwith coming to y^e place, being sente by M^r. Ludlow,
+  at y^e Indeans desire, to receive y^e murderer, who seeing him
+  escaped, layed hold of 8. of y^e Indeans ther presente, amongst whom
+  ther was a sagamore or 2. and kept them in hold 2. days, till 4.
+  sagamors ingaged themselves within one month to deliver y^e prisoner.
+  And about a weeke after this agreemente, an Indean came presumtuously
+  and with guile, in y^e day time, and murtherously assalted an English
+  woman in her house at Stamford, and by 3. wounds, supposed mortall,
+  left her for dead, after he had robbed y^e house. By which passages
+  y^e English were provoked, & called to a due consideration of their
+  owne saftie; and y^e Indeans generally in those parts arose in an
+  hostile maner, refused to come to y^e English to carry on treaties of
+  peace, departed from their wigwames, left their corne unweeded, and
+  shewed them selves tumultuously about some of y^e English
+  plantations, & shott of peeces within hearing of y^e towne; and some
+  Indeans came to y^e English & tould them y^e Indeans would fall upon
+  them. So y^t most of y^e English thought it unsafe to travell in those
+  parts by land, and some of y^e plantations were put upon strong watchs
+  and ward, night & day, & could not attend their private occasions, and
+  yet distrusted their owne strength for their defence. Wherupon
+  Hartford & New-Haven were sent unto for aide, and saw cause both to
+  send into y^e weaker parts of their owne jurisdiction thus in danger,
+  and New-Haven, for conveniencie of situation, sente aide to Uncaway,
+  though belonging to Conightecutt. Of all which passages they presently
+  acquainted y^e comissioners in y^e Bay, & had y^e allowance &
+  approbation from y^e Generall Courte ther, with directions neither to
+  hasten warr nor to bear such insolencies too longe. Which courses,
+  though chargable to them selves, yet through Gods blessing they hope
+  fruite is, & will be, sweete and wholsome to all y^e collonies; the
+  murderers are since delivered to justice, the publick peace preserved
+  for y^e presente, & probabillitie it may be better secured for y^e
+  future.
+
+Thus this mischeefe was prevented, and y^e fear of a warr hereby
+diverted. But now an other broyle was begune by y^e Narigansets; though
+they unjustly had made warr upon Uncass, (as is before declared,) and
+had, y^e winter before this, ernestly presed y^e Gove^r of y^e
+Massachusets that they might still make warr upon them to revenge the
+death of their sagamore, w^ch, being taken prisoner, was by them put to
+death, (as before was noted,) pretending that they had first received
+and accepted his ransome, and then put him to death. But y^e Gove^r
+refused their presents, and tould them y^t it was them selves had done
+y^e wronge, & broaken y^e conditions of peace; and he nor y^e English
+neither could nor would allow them to make any further warr upon him,
+but if they did, must assiste him, & oppose them; but if it did appeare,
+upon good proofe, that he had received a ransome for his life, before he
+put him to death, when y^e comissioners mett, they should have a fair
+hearing, and they would cause Uncass to returne y^e same. But
+notwithstanding, at y^e spring of y^e year they gathered a great power,
+and fell upon Uncass, and slue sundrie of his men, and wounded more, and
+also had some loss them selves. Uncass cald for aide from y^e English;
+they tould him what y^e Narigansets objected, he deney the same; they
+tould him it must come to triall, and if he was inocente, if y^e
+Narigansets would not desiste, they would aide & assiste him. So at this
+meeting they [263] sent both to Uncass & y^e Narrigansets, and required
+their sagamors to come or send to y^e comissioners now mete at Hartford,
+and they should have a faire & inpartiall hearing in all their
+greevances, and would endeavor y^t all wrongs should be rectified wher
+they should be found; and they promised that they should safly come and
+returne without any danger or molestation; and sundry y^e like things,
+as appears more at large in y^e messengers instructions. Upon w^ch the
+Narigansets sent one sagamore and some other deputies, with full power
+to doe in y^e case as should be meete. Uncass came in person,
+accompanyed with some cheefe aboute him. After the agitation of y^e
+bussines, y^e issue was this. The comissioners declared to the
+Narigansett deputies as followeth.
+
+  1. That they did not find any proofe of any ransome agreed on.
+
+  2. It appeared not y^t any wampam had been paied as a ransome, or any
+  parte of a ransome, for Myantinomos life.
+
+  3. That if they had in any measure proved their charge against Uncass,
+  the comissioners would have required him to have made answerable
+  satisfaction.
+
+  4. That if hereafter they can make satisfing profe, y^e English will
+  consider y^e same, & proceed accordingly.
+
+  5. The comissioners did require y^t neither them selves nor y^e
+  Nyanticks make any warr or injurious assaulte upon Unquass or any of
+  his company untill they make profe of y^e ransume charged, and y^t due
+  satisfaction be deneyed, unless he first assaulte them.
+
+  6. That if they assaulte Uncass, the English are engaged to assist
+  him.
+
+  Hearupon y^e Narigansette sachim, advising with y^e other deputies,
+  ingaged him selfe in the behalfe of y^e Narigansets & Nyanticks that
+  no hostile acts should be comitted upon Uncass, or any of his, untill
+  after y^e next planting of corne; and y^t after that, before they
+  begine any warr, they will give 30. days warning to y^e Gove^r of the
+  Massachusets or Conightecutt. The comissioners approving of this
+  offer, and taking their ingagmente under their hands, required Uncass,
+  as he expected y^e continuance of y^e favour of the English, to
+  observe the same termes of peace with y^e Narigansets and theirs.
+
+  These foregoing conclusions were subscribed by y^e comissioners, for
+  y^e severall jurisdictions, y^e 19. of Sept: 1644.
+
+  EDWA: HOPKINS, Presidente.
+  SIMON BRADSTREETE.
+  WILL^M. HATHORNE.
+  EDW: WINSLOW.
+  JOHN BROWNE.
+  GEOR: FENWICK.
+  THEOPH: EATON.
+  THO: GREGSON.
+
+  The forenamed Narigansets deputies did further promise, that if,
+  contrary to this agreemente, any of y^e Nyantick Pequents should make
+  any assaulte upon Uncass, or any of his, they would deliver them up to
+  y^e English, to be punished according to their demerits; and that they
+  would not use any means to procure the Mowacks to come against Uncass
+  during this truce.
+
+  These were their names subscribed with their marks.
+
+  WEETOWISH.
+  PAMPIAMETT.
+  CHINNOUGH.
+  PUMMUNISH.
+
+[264] _Anno Dom: 1645._
+
+The comissioners this year were caled to meete to-gither at Boston,
+before their ordinarie time; partly in regard of some differances falen
+betweene y^e French and y^e govermente of the Massachusets, about their
+aiding of Munseire Latore against Munsseire de Aulney, and partly aboute
+y^e Indeans, who had broaken y^e former agreements aboute the peace
+concluded y^e last year. This meeting was held at Boston, y^e 28. of
+July.
+
+Besids some underhand assualts made on both sids, the Narigansets
+gathered a great power, and fell upon Uncass, and slew many of his men,
+and wounded more, by reason y^t they farr exseeded him in number, and
+had gott store of peeces, with which they did him most hurte. And as
+they did this withoute y^e knowledg and consente of y^e English,
+(contrary to former agreemente,) so they were resolved to prosecute y^e
+same, notwithstanding any thing y^e English said or should doe against
+them. So, being incouraged by ther late victorie, and promise of
+assistance from y^e Mowaks, (being a strong, warlike, and desperate
+people,) they had allready devoured Uncass & his, in their hops; and
+surly they had done it in deed, if the English had not timly sett in for
+his aide. For those of Conightecute sent him 40. men, who were a garison
+to him, till y^e comissioners could meete and take further order.
+
+Being thus mett, they forthwith sente 3. messengers, viz. Sargent John
+Davis, Benedicte Arnold, and Francis Smith, with full & ample
+instructions, both to y^e Narigansets and Uncass; to require them y^t
+they should either come in person or send sufficiente men fully
+instructed to deale in y^e bussines; and if they refused or delayed, to
+let them know (according to former agreements) y^t the English are
+engaged to assiste against these hostile invasions, and y^t they have
+sente their men to defend Uncass, and to know of y^e Narigansets whether
+they will stand to y^e former peace, or they will assaulte y^e English
+also, that they may provid accordingly.
+
+But y^e messengers returned, not only with a sleighting, but a
+threatening answer from the Narigansets (as will more appear hereafter).
+Also they brought a letter from M^r. Roger Williams, wherin he assures
+them that y^e warr would presenly breake forth, & y^e whole country
+would be all of a flame. And y^t the sachems of y^e Narigansets had
+concluded a newtrality with y^e English of Providence and those of
+Aquidnett Iland. Wherupon y^e comissioners, considering y^e great danger
+& provocations offered, and y^e necessitie we should be put unto of
+making warr with y^e Narigansetts, and being also carfull, in a matter
+of so great waight & generall concernmente, to see y^e way cleared, and
+to give satisfaction to all y^e colonies, did thinke fitte to advise
+with such of y^e magistrats & elders of y^e Massachusets as were then at
+hand, and also with some of y^e cheefe millitary comanders ther; who
+being assembled, it was then agreed,--
+
+First, y^t our ingagmente bound us to aide & defend Uncass. 2. That this
+ayde could not be intended only to defend him & his forte, or
+habitation, but (according to y^e comone acceptation of such covenants,
+or ingagments, considered with y^e grounds or occasion therof) so to
+ayde him as he might be preserved in his liberty and estate. 3^ly. That
+this ayde [265] must be speedy, least he might be swalowed up in y^e
+mean time, and so come to late. 4^ly. The justice of this warr being
+cleared to our selves and y^e rest then presente, it was thought meete
+y^t the case should be stated, and y^e reasons & grounds of y^e warr
+declared and published. 5^ly. That a day of humilliation should be
+apoynted, which was y^e 5. day of y^e weeke following. 6^ly. It was then
+allso agreed by y^e comissioners that y^e whole number of men to be
+raised in all y^e colonies should be 300. Wherof from y^e Massachusets a
+190. Plimoth, 40. Conightecute, 40. New-Haven, 30. And considering y^t
+Uncass was in present danger, 40. men of this number were forthwith
+sente from y^e Massachusets for his sucoure; and it was but neede, for
+y^e other 40. from Conightecutt had order to stay but a month, & their
+time being out, they returned; and y^e Narigansets, hearing therof,
+tooke the advantage, and came suddanly upon him, and gave him another
+blow, to his further loss, and were ready to doe y^e like againe; but
+these 40. men being arrived, they returned, and did nothing.
+
+The declaration which they sett forth I shall not transcribe, it being
+very larg, and put forth in printe, to which I referr those y^t would
+see y^e same, in which all passages are layed open from y^e first. I
+shall only note their prowd carriage, and answers to y^e 3. messengers
+sent from y^e comissioners. They received them with scorne & contempte,
+and tould them they resolved to have no peace without Uncass his head;
+also they gave them this further answer: that it mattered not who
+begane y^e warr, they were resolved to follow it, and that y^e English
+should withdraw their garison from Uncass, or they would procure y^e
+Mowakes against them; and withall gave them this threatening answer:
+that they would lay y^e English catle on heaps, as high as their houses,
+and y^t no English-man should sturr out of his dore to pisse, but he
+should be kild. And wheras they required guids to pass throw their
+countrie, to deliver their message to Uncass from y^e comissioners, they
+deneyed them, but at length (in way of scorne) offered them an old
+Pequente woman. Besids allso they conceived them selves in danger, for
+whilst y^e interpretour was speakeing with them about y^e answer he
+should returne, 3. men came & stood behind him with ther hatchets,
+according to their murderous maner; but one of his fellows gave him
+notice of it, so they broak of & came away; with sundry such like
+affrontes, which made those Indeans they carryed with them to rune away
+for fear, and leave them to goe home as they could.
+
+Thus whilst y^e comissioners in care of y^e publick peace sought to
+quench y^e fire kindled amongst y^e Indeans, these children of strife
+breath out threatenings, provocations, and warr against y^e English them
+selves. So that, unless they should dishonour & provoak God, by
+violating a just ingagmente, and expose y^e colonies to contempte &
+danger from y^e barbarians, they cannot but exerciese force, when no
+other means will prevaile to reduse y^e Narigansets & their confederats
+to a more just & sober temper.
+
+So as here upon they went on to hasten y^e preparations, according to
+y^e former agreemente, and sent to Plimoth to send forth their 40. men
+with all speed, to lye at Seacunke, least any deanger should befalle it,
+before y^e rest were ready, it lying next y^e enemie, and ther to stay
+till y^e Massachusetts should joyne with them. Allso Conigtecute &
+Newhaven forces were to joyne togeather, and march with all speed, and
+y^e Indean confederats of those parts with them. All which was done
+accordingly; and the souldiers of this place were at Seacunk, the place
+of their rendevouze, 8. or 10. days before y^e rest were ready; they
+were well armed all with snaphance peeces, and wente under y^e camand of
+Captain [266] Standish. Those from other places were led likwise by able
+comanders,[EU] as Captaine Mason for Conigtecute, &c.; and Majore Gibons
+was made generall over y^e whole, with such comissions & instructions as
+was meete.
+
+Upon y^e suden dispatch of these souldiears, (the present necessitie
+requiring it,) the deputies of y^e Massachusetts Courte (being now
+assembled i[=m]ediatly after y^e setting forth of their 40. men) made a
+question whether it was legally done, without their comission. It was
+answered, that howsoever it did properly belong to y^e authority of y^e
+severall jurisdictions (after y^e warr was agreed upon by y^e
+comissioners, & the number of men) to provid y^e men & means to carry on
+y^e warr; yet in this presente case, the proceeding of y^e comissioners
+and y^e comission given was as sufficiente as if it had been done by y^e
+Generall Courte.
+
+  First, it was a case of such presente & urgente necessitie, as could
+  not stay y^e calling of y^e Courte or Counsell. 2^ly. In y^e Articles
+  of Confederation, power is given to y^e comissioners to consult,
+  order, & determine all affaires of warr, &c. And y^e word _determine_
+  comprehends all acts of authority belonging therunto.
+
+  3^ly. The comissioners are y^e judges of y^e necessitie of the
+  expedition.
+
+  4^ly. The Generall Courte have made their owne comissioners their sole
+  counsell for these affires.
+
+  5^ly. These counsels could not have had their due effecte excepte they
+  had power to proceede in this case, as they have done; which were to
+  make y^e comissioners power, and y^e maine end of y^e confederation,
+  to be frustrate, and that mearly for observing a ceremony.
+
+  6^ly. The comissioners haveing sole power to manage y^e warr for
+  number of men, for time, place, &c., they only know their owne
+  counsells, & _determinations_, and therfore none can grante
+  co[=m]ission to acte according to these but them selves.
+
+All things being thus in readines, and some of y^e souldiers gone forth,
+and the rest ready to march, the comissioners thought it meete before
+any hostile acte was performed, to cause a presente to be returned,
+which had been sente to y^e Gove^r of the Massachusetts from y^e
+Narigansett sachems, but not by him received, but layed up to be
+accepted or refused as they should carry them selves, and observe y^e
+covenants. Therfore they violating the same, & standing out thus to a
+warr, it was againe returned, by 2. messengers & an interpretour. And
+further to let know that their men already sent to Uncass (& other wher
+sent forth) have hitherto had express order only to stand upon his &
+their owne defence, and not to attempte any invasion of y^e Narigansetts
+country; and yet if they may have due reperation for what is past, and
+good securitie for y^e future, it shall appear they are as desirous of
+peace, and shall be as tender of y^e Narigansets blood as ever. If
+therefore Pessecuss, Innemo, writh other sachemes, will (without further
+delay) come along with you to Boston, the comissioners doe promise &
+assure them, they shall have free liberty to come, and retourne without
+molestation or any just greevance from y^e English. But deputies will
+not now serve, nor may the preparations in hand be now stayed, or y^e
+directions given recalled, till y^e forementioned sagamors come, and
+some further order be taken. But if they will have nothing but warr, the
+English are providing, and will proceede accordingly.
+
+Pessecouss, Mixano, & Witowash, 3. principall sachems of y^e Narigansett
+Indeans, and Awasequen, deputie for y^e Nyanticks, with a large traine
+of men, within a few days after came to Boston.
+
+And to omitte all other circomstances and debats y^t past betweene them
+and the comissioners, they came to this conclusion following.
+
+  [267] 1. It was agreed betwixte y^e comissioners of y^e United
+  Collonies, and y^e forementioned sagamores, & Niantick deputie, that
+  y^e said Narigansets & Niantick sagamores should pay or cause to be
+  payed at Boston, to y^e Massachusets comissioners, y^e full sume of
+  2000. fathome of good white wampame, or a third parte of black
+  wampampeage, in 4. payments; namely, 500. fathome within 20. days,
+  500. fathome within 4. months, 500. fathome at or before next planting
+  time, and 500. fathome. within 2. years next after y^e date of these
+  presents; which 2000. fathome y^e comissioners accepte for
+  satisfaction of former charges expended.
+
+  2. The foresaid sagamors & deputie (on y^e behalfe of y^e Narigansett
+  & Niantick Indeans) hereby promise & covenante that they upon demand
+  and profe satisfie & restore unto Uncass, y^e Mohigan sagamore, all
+  such captives, whether men, or women, or children, and all such
+  canowes, as they or any of their men have taken, or as many of their
+  owne canowes in y^e roome of them, full as good as they were, with
+  full satisfaction for all such corne as they or any of theire men have
+  spoyled or destroyed, of his or his mens, since last planting time;
+  and y^e English comissioners hereby promise y^t Uncass shall doe y^e
+  like.
+
+  3. Wheras ther are sundry differences & greevances betwixte
+  Narigansett & Niantick Indeans, and Uncass & his men, (which in Uncass
+  his absence cannot now be detirmined,) it is hearby agreed y^t
+  Nariganset & Niantick sagamores either come them selves, or send their
+  deputies to y^e next meeting of y^e comissioners for y^e collonies,
+  either at New-Haven in Sep^t 1646. or sooner (upon conveniente
+  warning, if y^e said comissioners doe meete sooner), fully instructed
+  to declare & make due proofe of their injuries, and to submite to y^e
+  judgmente of y^e comissioners, in giving or receiving satisfaction;
+  and y^e said comissioners (not doubting but Uncass will either come
+  him selfe, or send his deputies, in like maner furnished) promising to
+  give a full hearing to both parties with equall justice, without any
+  partiall respects, according to their allegations and profs.
+
+  4. The said Narigansett & Niantick sagamors & deputies doe nearby
+  promise & covenante to keep and maintaine a firme & perpetuall peace,
+  both with all y^e English United Colonies & their successors, and with
+  Uncass, y^e Monhegen sachem, & his men; with Ossamequine, Pumham,
+  Sokanoke, Cutshamakin, Shoanan, Passaconaway, and all other Indean
+  sagamors, and their companies, who are in freindship with or subjecte
+  to any of y^e English; hearby ingaging them selves, that they will not
+  at any time hearafter disturbe y^e peace of y^e cuntry, by any
+  assaults, hostile attempts, invasions, or other injuries, to any of
+  y^e Unnited Collonies, or their successors; or to y^e afforesaid
+  Indeans; either in their persons, buildings, catle, or goods, directly
+  or indirectly; nor will they confederate with any other against them;
+  & if they know of any Indeans or others y^t conspire or intend hurt
+  against y^e said English, or any Indeans subjecte to or in freindship
+  with them, they will without delay acquainte & give notice therof to
+  y^e English co[=m]issioners, or some of them.
+
+  Or if any questions or differences shall at any time hereafter arise
+  or grow betwext them & Uncass, or any Endeans before mentioned they
+  will, according to former ingagments (which they hearby confirme &
+  ratifie) first acquainte y^e English, and crave their judgments &
+  advice therin; and will not attempte or begine any warr, or hostille
+  invasion, till they have liberty and alowance from y^e comissioners of
+  y^e United Collonies so to doe.
+
+  5. The said Narigansets & Niantick sagamores & deputies doe hearby
+  promise y^t they will forthw^th deliver & restore all such Indean
+  fugitives, or captives which have at any time fled from any of y^e
+  English, and are now living or abiding amongst them, or give due
+  satisfaction for them to y^e comissioners for y^e Massachusets; and
+  further, that they will (without more delays) pay, or cause to be
+  payed, a yearly tribute, a month before harvest, every year after
+  this, at Boston, to y^e English Colonies, for all such Pequents as
+  live amongst them, according to y^e former treaty & agreemente, made
+  at Hartford, 1638. namly, one fathome of white wampam for every
+  Pequente man, & halfe a fathume for each Pequente youth, and one hand
+  length for each mal-child. And if Weequashcooke refuse to pay this
+  tribute for any Pequents with him, the Narigansetts sagamores promise
+  to assiste y^e English against him. And they further covenante y^t
+  they will resigne & yeeld up the whole Pequente cuntrie, and every
+  parte of it, to y^e English collonies, as due to them by conquest.
+
+  6. The said Narigansett & Niantick sagamores & deputie doe hereby
+  promise & covenante y^t within 14. days they will bring & deliver to
+  y^e Massachusetts comissioners on the behalf of y^e collonies, [268]
+  foure of their children, viz. Pessecous his eldest son, the sone
+  Tassaquanawite, brother to Pessecouss, Awashawe his sone, and Ewangsos
+  sone, a Niantick, to be kepte (as hostages & pledges) by y^e English,
+  till both y^e forementioned 2000. fathome of wampam be payed at y^e
+  times appoynted, and y^e differences betweexte themselves & Uncass be
+  heard & ordered, and till these artickles be under writen at Boston,
+  by Jenemo & Wipetock. And further they hereby promise & covenante, y^t
+  if at any time hearafter any of y^e said children shall make escape,
+  or be conveyed away from y^e English, before y^e premisses be fully
+  accomplished, they will either bring back & deliver to y^e
+  Massachusett comissioners y^e same children, or, if they be not to be
+  founde, such & so many other children, to be chosen by y^e
+  comissioners for y^e United Collonies, or their assignes, and y^t
+  within 20. days after demand, and in y^e mean time, untill y^e said 4.
+  children be delivered as hostages, y^e Narigansett & Niantick sagamors
+  & deputy doe, freely & of their owne accorde, leave with y^e
+  Massachusett comissioners, as pledges for presente securitie, 4.
+  Indeans, namely, Witowash, Pumanise, Jawashoe, Waughwamino, who allso
+  freely consente, and offer them selves to stay as pledges, till y^e
+  said children be brought & delivered as abovesaid.
+
+  7. The comissioners for y^e United Collonies doe hereby promise &
+  agree that, at y^e charge of y^e United Collonies, y^e 4. Indeans now
+  left as pledges shall be provided for, and y^t the 4. children to be
+  brought & delivered as hostages shall be kepte & maintained at y^e
+  same charge; that they will require Uncass & his men, with all other
+  Indean sagamors before named, to forbear all acts of hostilitie
+  againste y^e Narigansetts and Niantick Indeans for y^e future. And
+  further, all y^e promises being duly observed & kept by y^e
+  Narigansett & Niantick Indians and their company, they will at y^e end
+  of 2. years restore y^e said children delivered as hostiages, and
+  retaine a firme peace with y^e Narigansets & Nianticke Indeans and
+  their successours.
+
+  8. It is fully agreed by & betwixte y^e said parties, y^t if any
+  hostile attempte be made while this treaty is in hand, or before
+  notice of this agreemente (to stay further preparations & directions)
+  can be given, such attempts & y^e consequencts therof shall on neither
+  parte be accounted a violation of this treaty, nor a breach of y^e
+  peace hear made & concluded.
+
+  9. The Narigansets & Niantick sagamors & deputie hereby agree &
+  covenante to & with y^e comissioners of y^e United Collonies, y^t
+  henceforth they will neither give, grante, sell, or in any maner
+  alienate, any parte of their countrie, nor any parcell of land
+  therin, either to any of y^e English or others, without consente or
+  allowance of y^e co[=m]issioners.
+
+  10. Lastly, they promise that, if any Pequente or other be found &
+  discovered amongst them who hath in time of peace murdered any of y^e
+  English, he or they shall be delivered to just punishmente.
+
+  In witness wherof y^e parties above named have interchaingablie
+  subscribed these presents, the day & year above writen.
+
+  JOHN WINTHROP, President.
+  HERBERT PELHAM.
+  THO: PRENCE.
+  JOHN BROWNE.
+  GEO: FENWICK.
+  EDWA: HOPKINS.
+  THEOPH: EATON.
+  STEVEN GOODYEARE.
+  PESSECOUSS his mark [Illustration:]
+  MEEKESANO his mark [Illustration:]
+  WITOWASH his mark [Illustration:]
+  AUMSEQUEN his mark [Illustration:]   the Niantick deputy.
+  ABDAS his mark [Illustration:]
+  PUMMASH his mark [Illustration:]
+  CUTCHAMAKIN his mark [Illustration:]
+
+  This treaty and agreemente betwixte the comissioners of y^e United
+  Collonies and y^e sagamores and deputy of Narrigansets and Niantick
+  Indeans was made and concluded, Benedicte Arnold being interpretour
+  upon his oath; Sergante Callicate & an Indean, his man, being
+  presente, and Josias & Cutshamakin, tow Indeans aquainted with y^e
+  English language, assisting therin; who opened & cleared the whole
+  treaty, & every article, to y^e sagamores and deputie there presente.
+
+And thus was y^e warr at this time stayed and prevented.
+
+[269] _Anno Dom: 1646._
+
+About y^e midle of May, this year, came in 3. ships into this harbor, in
+warrlike order; they were found to be men of warr. The captains name was
+Crumwell, who had taken sundrie prizes from y^e Spaniards in y^e West
+Indies. He had a comission from y^e Earle of Warwick. He had abord his
+vessels aboute 80. lustie men, (but very unruly,) who, after they came
+ashore, did so distemper them selves with drinke as they became like
+madd-men; and though some of them were punished & imprisoned, yet could
+they hardly be restrained; yet in y^e ende they became more moderate &
+orderly. They continued here aboute a month or 6. weeks, and then went
+to y^e Massachusets; in which time they spente and scattered a great
+deale of money among y^e people, and yet more sine (I fear) then money,
+notwithstanding all y^e care & watchfullnes that was used towards them,
+to prevente what might be.
+
+In which time one sadd accidente fell out. A desperate fellow of y^e
+company fell a quarling with some of his company. His captine
+co[=m]anded him to be quiet & surcease his quarelling; but he would not,
+but reviled his captaine with base language, & in y^e end halfe drew his
+rapier, & intended to rune at his captien; but he closed with him, and
+wrasted his rapier from him, and gave him a boxe on y^e earr; but he
+would not give over, but still assaulted his captaine. Wherupon he
+tooke y^e same rapier as it was in y^e scaberd, and gave him a blow with
+y^e hilts; but it light on his head, & y^e smal end of y^e bar of y^e
+rapier hilts peirct his scull, & he dyed a few days after. But y^e
+captaine was cleared by a counsell of warr. This fellow was so desperate
+a quareller as y^e captaine was faine many times to chaine him under
+hatches from hurting his fellows, as y^e company did testifie; and this
+was his end.
+
+This Captaine Thomas Cromuell sett forth another vioage to the
+Westindeas, from the Bay of the Massachusets, well maned & victuled; and
+was out 3. years, and tooke sundry prises, and returned rich unto the
+Massachusets, and ther dyed the same so[=m]ere, having gott a fall from
+his horse, in which fall he fell on his rapeir hilts, and so brused his
+body as he shortly after dyed therof, with some other distempers, which
+brought him into a feavor. Some observed that ther might be somthing of
+the hand of God herein; that as the forenamed man dyed of y^e blow he
+gave him with y^e rapeir hilts, so his owne death was occationed by a
+like means.
+
+This year M^r. Edward Winslow went into England, upon this occation:
+some discontented persons under y^e govermente of the Massachusets
+sought to trouble their peace, and disturbe, if not innovate, their
+govermente, by laying many [270] scandals upon them; and intended to
+prosecute against them in England, by petitioning & complaining to the
+Parlemente. Allso Samuell Gorton & his company made complaints against
+them; so as they made choyse of M^r. Winslow to be their agente, to make
+their defence, and gave him comission & instructions for that end; in
+which he so carried him selfe as did well answer their ends, and cleared
+them from any blame or dishonour, to the shame of their adversaries. But
+by reason of the great alterations in the State, he was detained longer
+then was expected; and afterwards fell into other imployments their, so
+as he hath now bene absente this 4. years, which hath been much to the
+weakning of this govermente, without whose consente he tooke these
+imployments upon him.
+
+_Anno 1647. And Anno 1648._
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+[ILLUSTRATION:]
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+No. I.
+
+[Passengers of the Mayflower.]
+
+The names of those which came over first, in y^e year 1620. and were by
+the blessing of God the first beginers and (in a sort) the foundation of
+all the Plantations and Colonies in New-England; and their families.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+M^r. John Carver; Kathrine, his wife; Desire Minter; & 2. man-servants,
+John Howland, Roger Wilder; William Latham, a boy; & a maid servant, & a
+child y^t was put to him, called Jasper More.
+
+[Sidenote: 6.]
+
+M^r. William Brewster; Mary, his wife; with 2. sons, whose names were
+Love & Wrasling; and a boy was put to him called Richard More; and
+another of his brothers. The rest of his children were left behind, &
+came over afterwards.
+
+[Sidenote: 5.]
+
+M^. Edward Winslow; Elizabeth, his wife; & 2. men servants, caled Georg
+Sowle and Elias Story; also a litle girle was put to him, caled Ellen,
+the sister of Richard More.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+William Bradford, and Dorothy, his wife; having but one child, a sone,
+left behind, who came afterward.
+
+[Sidenote: 6.]
+
+M^. Isaack Allerton, and Mary, his wife; with 3. children, Bartholmew,
+Remember, & Mary; and a servant boy, John Hooke.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+M^r. Samuell Fuller, and a servant, caled William Butten. His wife was
+behind, & a child, which came afterwards.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+John Crakston, and his sone, John Crakston.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+Captin Myles Standish, and Rose, his wife.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+M^r. Christopher Martin, and his wife, and 2. servants, Salamon Prower
+and John Langemore.
+
+[Sidenote: 5.]
+
+M^r. William Mullines, and his wife, and 2. children, Joseph & Priscila;
+and a servant, Robart Carter.
+
+[Sidenote: 6.]
+
+M^r. William White, and Susana, his wife, and one sone, caled Resolved,
+and one borne a ship-bord, caled Peregriene; & 2. servants, named
+William Holbeck & Edward Thomson.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+M^r. Steven Hopkins, & Elizabeth, his wife, and 2. children, caled
+Giles, and Constanta, a doughter, both by a former wife; and 2. more by
+this wife, caled Damaris & Oceanus; the last was borne at sea; and 2.
+servants, called Edward Doty and Edward Litster.
+
+[Sidenote: 1.]
+
+M^r. Richard Warren; but his wife and children were lefte behind, and
+came afterwards.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+John Billinton, and Elen, his wife; and 2. sones, John & Francis.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+Edward Tillie, and Ann, his wife; and 2. children that were their
+cossens, Henery Samson and Humillity Coper.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.]
+
+John Tillie, and his wife; and Eelizabeth, their doughter.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+Francis Cooke, and his sone John. But his wife & other children came
+afterwards.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+Thomas Rogers, and Joseph, his sone. His other children came afterwards.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.[EV]]
+
+Thomas Tinker, and his wife, and a sone.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+John Rigdale, and Alice, his wife.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.]
+
+James Chilton, and his wife, and Mary, their dougter. They had an other
+doughter, y^t was maried, came afterward.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.]
+
+Edward Fuller, and his wife, and Samuell, their sonne.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.]
+
+John Turner, and 2. sones. He had a doughter came some years after to
+Salem, wher she is now living.
+
+[Sidenote: 3.]
+
+Francis Eaton, and Sarah, his wife, and Samuell, their sone, a yong
+child.
+
+[Sidenote: 10.]
+
+Moyses Fletcher, John Goodman, Thomas Williams, Digerie Preist, Edmond
+Margeson, Peter Browne, Richard Britterige, Richard Clarke, Richard
+Gardenar, Gilbart Winslow.
+
+[Sidenote: 1.]
+
+John Alden was hired for a cooper, at South-Hampton, wher the ship
+victuled; and being a hopfull yong man, was much desired, but left to
+his owne liking to go or stay when he came here; but he stayed, and
+maryed here.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+John Allerton and Thomas Enlish were both hired, the later to goe m^r of
+a shalop here, and y^e other was reputed as one of y^e company, but was
+to go back (being a seaman) for the help of others behind. But they both
+dyed here, before the shipe returned.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+There were allso other 2. seamen hired to stay a year here in the
+country, William Trevore, and one Ely. But when their time was out, they
+both returned.
+
+These, bening aboute a hundred sowls, came over in this first ship; and
+began this worke, which God of his goodnes hath hithertoo blesed; let
+his holy name have y^e praise.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+And seeing it hath pleased him to give me to see 30. years compleated
+since these beginings; and that the great works of his providence are to
+be observed, I have thought it not unworthy my paines to take a veiw of
+the decreasings & increasings of these persons, and such changs as hath
+pased over them & theirs, in this thirty years. It may be of some use to
+such as come after; but, however, I shall rest in my owne benefite.
+
+I will therfore take them in order as they lye.
+
+M^r. Carver and his wife dyed the first year; he in y^e spring, she in
+y^e so[=m]er; also, his man Roger and y^e litle boy Jasper dyed before
+either of them, of y^e commone infection. Desire Minter returned to her
+freinds, & proved not very well, and dyed in England. His servant boy
+Latham, after more then 20. years stay in the country, went into
+England, and from thence to the Bahamy Ilands in y^e West Indies, and
+ther, with some others, was starved for want of food. His maid servant
+maried, & dyed a year or tow after, here in this place.
+
+[Sidenote: 15.]
+
+His servant, John Howland, maried the doughter of John Tillie,
+Elizabeth, and they are both now living, and have 10. children, now all
+living; and their eldest daughter hath 4. children. And ther 2.
+daughter, 1. all living; and other of their children mariagable. So 15.
+are come of them.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+M^r. Brewster lived to very old age; about 80. years he was when he
+dyed, having lived some 23. or 24. years here in y^e countrie; & though
+his wife dyed long before, yet she dyed aged. His sone Wrastle dyed a
+yonge man unmaried; his sone Love lived till this year 1650. and dyed, &
+left 4. children, now living. His doughters which came over after him
+are dead, but have left sundry children alive; his eldst sone is still
+liveing, and hath 9. or 10 children; one maried, who hath a child or 2.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+Richard More his brother dyed the first winter; but he is maried, and
+hath 4. or 5. children, all living.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+M^r. Ed: Winslow his wife dyed the first winter; and he maried with the
+widow of M^r. White, and hath 2. children living by her marigable,
+besids sundry that are dead.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+One of his servants dyed, as also the litle girle, soone after the ships
+arivall. But his man, Georg Sowle, is still living, and hath 8.
+childr[=e].
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+William Bradford his wife dyed soone after their arivall; and he maried
+againe; and hath 4. children, 3. wherof are maried.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+M^r. Allerton his wife dyed with the first, and his servant, John Hooke.
+His sone Bartle is maried in England, but I know not how many children
+he hath. His doughter Remember is maried at Salem, & hath 3. or 4.
+children living. And his doughter Mary is maried here, & hath 4.
+children. Him selfe maried againe with y^e doughter of M^r. Brewster, &
+hath one sone living by her, but she is long since dead. And he is
+maried againe, and hath left this place long agoe. So I account his
+increase to be 8. besids his sons in England.
+
+[Sidenote: 2.]
+
+M^r. Fuller his servant dyed at sea; and after his wife came over, he
+had tow children by her, which are living and growne up to years; but he
+dyed some 15. years agoe.
+
+John Crakston dyed in the first mortality; and about some 5. or 6.
+years after, his sone dyed; having lost him selfe in y^e wodes, his feet
+became frosen, which put him into a feavor, of which he dyed.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.] [EW] Captain Standish his wife dyed in the first sicknes,
+and he maried againe, and hath 4. sones liveing, and some _are dead_.
+
+M^r. Martin, he & all his, dyed in the first infection not long after
+the arivall.
+
+[Sidenote: 15.]
+
+M^r. Molines, and his wife, his sone, and his servant, dyed the first
+winter. Only his dougter Priscila survied, and maried with John Alden,
+who are both living, and have 11. children. And their eldest daughter is
+maried, & hath five children.
+
+[Sidenote: 7.]
+
+Mr. White and his 2. servants dyed soone after ther landing. His wife
+maried with M^r. Winslow (as is before noted). His 2. sons are maried,
+and Resolved hath 5. children, Perigrine tow, all living. So their
+increase are 7.
+
+[Sidenote: 5.]
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+M^r. Hopkins and his wife are now both dead, but they lived above 20.
+years in this place, and had one sone and 4. doughters borne here. Ther
+sone became a seaman, & dyed at Barbadoes; one daughter dyed here, and
+2. are maried; one of them hath 2. children; & one is yet to mary. So
+their increase which still survive are 5. But his sone Giles is maried,
+and hath 4. children.
+
+[Sidenote: 12.]
+
+His doughter Constanta is also maried, and hath 12. children, all of
+them living, and one of them maried.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+M^r. Richard Warren lived some 4. or 5. years, and had his wife come
+over to him, by whom he had 2. sons before dyed; and one of them is
+maryed, and hath 2. children. So his increase is 4. But he had 5.
+doughters more came over with his wife, who are all maried, & living, &
+have many children.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+John Billinton, after he had bene here 10. yers, was executed for
+killing a man; and his eldest sone dyed before him; but his 2. sone is
+alive, and maried, & hath 8. children.
+
+[Sidenote: 7.]
+
+Edward Tillie and his wife both dyed soon after their arivall; and the
+girle Humility, their cousen, was sent for into England, and dyed ther.
+But the youth Henery Samson is still liveing, and is maried, & hath 7.
+children.
+
+John Tillie and his wife both dyed a litle after they came ashore; and
+their daughter Elizabeth maried with John Howland, and hath issue as is
+before noted.
+
+[Sidenote: 8.]
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+Francis Cooke is still living, a very olde man, and hath seene his
+childrens children have children; after his wife came over, (with other
+of his children,) he hath 3. still living by her, all maried, and have
+5. children; so their encrease is 8. And his sone John, which came over
+with him, is maried, and hath 4, chilldren living.
+
+[Sidenote: 6.]
+
+Thomas Rogers dyed in the first sicknes, but his sone Joseph is still
+living, and is maried, and hath 6. children. The rest of Thomas Rogers
+[children] came over, & are maried, & have many children.
+
+Thomas Tinker and his wife and sone all dyed in the first sicknes.
+
+And so did John Rigdale and his wife.
+
+[Sidenote: 10.]
+
+James Chilton and his wife also dyed in the first infection. But their
+daughter Mary is still living, and hath 9. children; and one daughter is
+maried, & hath a child; so their increase is 10.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+Edward Fuller and his wife dyed soon after they came ashore; but their
+sone Samuell is living, & maried, and hath 4. children or more.
+
+John Turner and his 2. sones all dyed in the first siknes. But he hath a
+daugter still living at Salem, well maried, and approved of.
+
+[Sidenote: 4.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1.]
+
+Francis Eaton his first wife dyed in the generall sicknes; and he maried
+againe, & his 2. wife dyed, & he maried the 3. and had by her 3.
+children. One of them is maried, & hath a child; the other are living,
+but one of them is an ideote. He dyed about 16. years 1. agoe. His sone
+Samuell, who came over a sucking child, is allso maried, & hath a child.
+
+Moyses Fletcher, Thomas Williams, Digerie Preist, John Goodman, Edmond
+Margeson, Richard Britteridge, Richard Clarke. All these dyed sone after
+their arivall, in the generall sicknes that befell. But Digerie Preist
+had his wife & children sent hither afterwards, she being M^r. Allertons
+sister. But the rest left no posteritie here.
+
+Richard Gardinar became a seaman, and died in England, or at sea.
+
+Gilbert Winslow, after diverse years aboad here, returned into England,
+and dyed ther.
+
+[Sidenote: 6.]
+
+Peter Browne maried twise. By his first wife he had 2. children, who are
+living, & both of them maried, and the one of them hath 2. children; by
+his second wife he had 2. more. He dyed about 16. years since.
+
+Thomas English and John Allerton dyed in the generall siknes.
+
+John Alden maried with Priscila, M^r. Mollines his doughter, and had
+issue by her as is before related.
+
+Edward Doty & Edward Litster, the servants of M^r. Hopkins. Litster,
+after he was at liberty, went to Virginia, & ther dyed. But Edward Doty
+by a second wife hath 7. children, and both he and they are living.
+
+Of these 100. persons which came first over in this first ship together,
+the greater halfe dyed in the generall mortality; and most of them in 2.
+or three monthes time. And for those which survied, though some were
+ancient & past procreation, & others left y^e place and cuntrie, yet of
+those few remaining are sprunge up above 160. persons, in this 30.
+years, and are now living in this presente year, 1650. besids many of
+their children which are dead, and come not within this account.
+
+And of the old stock (of one & other) ther are yet living this present
+year, 1650. nere 30. persons. Let the Lord have y^e praise, who is the
+High Preserver of men.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[EX]Twelfe persons liveing of the old stock this present yeare, 1679.
+
+Two persons liveing that came over in the first shipe 1620, this present
+yeare, 1690. Resolved White and Mary Chusman,[EY] the daughter of M^r.
+Allerton.
+
+And John Cooke, the son of Frances Cooke, that came in the first ship,
+is still liveing this present yeare, 1694; & Mary Cushman is still
+living, this present year, 1698.
+
+
+
+No. II.
+
+[Commission for Regulating Plantations.]
+
+Charles by y^e grace of God king of England, Scotland, France, and
+Ireland, Defender of y^e Faith, &c.[EZ]
+
+To the most Reve^d father in Christ, our wellbeloved & faithfull
+counsellour, William, by devine providence Archbishop of Counterbery, of
+all England Primate & Metropolitan; Thomas Lord Coventry, Keeper of our
+Great Seale of England; the most Reverente father in Christ our
+wellbeloved and most faithful Counselour, Richard, by devine providence
+Archbishop of Yorke, Primate & Metropolitan; our wellbeloved and most
+faithfull coussens & Counselours, Richard, Earle of Portland, our High
+Treasurer of England; Henery, Earle of Manchester, Keeper of our Privie
+Seale; Thomas, Earle of Arundalle & Surry, Earle Marshall of England;
+Edward, Earle of Dorsett, Chamberline of our most dear consorte, the
+Queene; and our beloved & faithfull Counselours, Francis Lord
+Cottington, Counseler, and Undertreasurour of our Eschequour; S^r:
+Thomas Edmonds, knight, Treasourer of our houshould; S^r: Henery Vane,
+Knight, controuler of y^e same houshould; S^r: John Cooke, Knight, one
+of our Privie Secretaries; and Francis Windebanck, Knight, another of
+our Privie Secretaries,
+
+Wheras very many of our subjects, & of our late fathers of beloved
+memory, our sovereigne lord James, late king of England, by means of
+licence royall, not only with desire of inlarging y^e teritories of our
+empire, but cheefly out of a pious & religious affection, & desire of
+propagating y^e gospell of our Lord Jesus Christ, with great industrie &
+expences have caused to be planted large Collonies of y^e English
+nation, in diverse parts of y^e world altogether unmannred, and voyd of
+inhabitants, or occupied of the barbarous people that have no knowledg
+of divine worship. We being willing to provid a remedy for y^e
+tranquillity & quietnes of those people, and being very confidente of
+your faith & wisdom, justice & providente circomspection, have
+constituted you y^e aforesaid Archbishop of Counterburie, Lord Keeper of
+y^e Great Seale of England, y^e Archbishop of Yorke, &c. and any 5. or
+more, of you, our Comissioners; and to you, and any 5. or more of you,
+we doe give and co[=m]ite power for y^e govermente & saftie of y^e said
+collonies, drawen, or which, out of y^e English nation into those parts
+hereafter, shall be drawne, to make lawes, constitutions, & ordinances,
+pertaining ether to y^e publick state of these collonies, or y^e private
+profite of them; and concerning y^e lands, goods, debts, & succession in
+those parts, and how they shall demaine them selves, towards foraigne
+princes, and their people, or how they shall bear them selves towards
+us, and our subjects, as well in any foraine parts whatsoever, or on y^e
+seas in those parts, or in their returne sayling home; or which may
+pertaine to y^e clergie govermente, or to y^e cure of soules, among y^e
+people ther living, and exercising trad in those parts; by designing out
+congruente porcions arising in tithes, oblations, & other things ther,
+according to your sound discretions, in politicall & civill causes; and
+by haveing y^e advise of 2. or 3. bishops, for y^e setling, making, &
+ordering of y^e bussines, for y^e designeing of necessary
+ecclesiasticall, and clargie porcions, which you shall cause to be
+called, and taken to you. And to make provission against y^e violation
+of those laws, constitutions, and ordinances, by imposing penealties &
+mulets, imprisonmente if ther be cause, and y^t y^e quality of y^e
+offence doe require it, by deprivation of member, or life, to be
+inflicted. With power allso (our assente being had) to remove, &
+displace y^e governours or rulers of those collonies, for causes which
+to you shall seeme lawfull, and others in their stead to constitute; and
+require an accounte of their rule & govermente, and whom you shall finde
+culpable, either by deprivation from their place, or by imposition of a
+mulete upon y^e goods of them in those parts to be levied, or
+banishmente from those provinces in w^ch they have been gove^r or
+otherwise to cashier according to y^e quantity of y^e offence. And to
+constitute judges, & magistrats politicall & civill, for civill causes
+and under y^e power and forme, which to you 5. or more of you shall
+seeme expediente. And judges & magistrats & dignities, to causes
+Ecclesiasticall, and under y^e power & forme which to you 5. or more of
+you, with the bishops vicegerents (provided by y^e Archbishop of
+Counterbure for y^e time being), shall seeme expediente; and to ordaine
+courts, pretoriane and tribunall, as well ecclesiasticall, as civill, of
+judgmentes; to detirmine of y^e formes and maner of procceedings in y^e
+same; and of appealing from them in matters & causes as well criminall,
+as civill, personall, reale, and mixte, and to their seats of justice,
+what may be equall & well ordered, and what crimes, faults, or exessess,
+of contracts or injuries ought to belonge to y^e Ecclesiasticall courte,
+and what to y^e civill courte, and seate of justice.
+
+Provided never y^e less, y^t the laws, ordinances, & constitutions of
+this kinde, shall not be put in execution, before our assent be had
+therunto in writing under our signet, signed at least, and this assente
+being had, and y^e same publikly proclaimed in y^e provinces in which
+they are to be executed, we will & co[=m]and y^t those lawes,
+ordinances, and constitutions more fully to obtaine strength and be
+observed[FA] shall be inviolably of all men whom they shall concerne.
+
+Notwithstanding it shall be for you, or any 5. or more of you, (as is
+afforsaid,) allthough those lawes, constitutions, and ordinances shalbe
+proclaimed with our royall assente, to chainge, revocke, & abrogate
+them, and other new ones, in forme afforsaid, from time to time frame
+and make as afforesaid; and to new evills arissing, or new dangers, to
+apply new remedyes as is fitting, so often as to you it shall seeme
+expediente. Furthermore you shall understand that we have constituted
+you, and every 5. or more of you, the afforesaid Archbishop of
+Counterburie, Thomas Lord Coventrie, Keeper of y^e Great Seale of
+England, Richard, Bishop of Yorke, Richard, Earle of Portland, Henery,
+Earle of Manchester, Thomas, Earle of Arundale & Surry, Edward, Earell
+of Dorsett, Francis Lord Cottinton, S^r Thomas Edmonds,[FB] knighte, S^r
+Henry Vane, knight, S^r Francis Windebanke, knight, our comissioners to
+hear, & determine, according to your sound discretions, all maner of
+complaints either against those collonies, or their rulers, or
+govenours, at y^e instance of y^e parties greeved, or at their
+accusation brought concerning injuries from hence, or from thence,
+betweene them, & their members to be moved, and to call y^e parties
+before you; and to the parties or to their procurators, from hence, or
+from thence being heard y^e full complemente of justice to be exhibted.
+Giving unto you, or any 5. or more of you power, y^t if you shall find
+any of y^e collonies afforesaid, or any of y^e cheefe rulers upon y^e
+jurisdictions of others by unjust possession, or usurpation, or one
+against another making greevance, or in rebelion against us, or
+withdrawing from our alegance, or our comandments, not obeying,
+consultation first with us in y^t case had, to cause those colonies, or
+y^e rulers of them, for y^e causes afforesaid, or for other just
+causes, either to returne to England, or to comand them to other places
+designed, even as according to your sounde discretions it shall seeme to
+stand with equitie, & justice, or necessitie. Moreover, we doe give unto
+you, & any 5. or more of you, power & spetiall co[=m]and over all y^e
+charters, leters patents, and rescripts royall, of y^e regions,
+provinces, ilands, or lands in foraigne parts, granted for raising
+colonies, to cause them to be brought before you, & y^e same being
+received, if any thing surrepticiously or unduly have been obtained, or
+y^t by the same priviledges, liberties, & prerogatives hurtfull to us,
+or to our crowne, or to foraigne princes, have been prejudicially
+suffered, or granted; the same being better made knowne unto you 5. or
+more of you, to co[=m]and them according to y^e laws and customs of
+England to be revoked, and to doe such other things, which to y^e
+profite & safgard of y^e afforesaid collonies, and of our subjects
+residente in y^e same, shall be necessary. And therfore we doe co[=m]and
+you that aboute y^e premisses at days & times, which for these things
+you shall make provission, that you be diligente in attendance, as it
+becometh you; giving in precepte also, & firmly injoyning, we doe give
+co[=m]and to all and singuler cheefe rulers of provinces into which y^e
+colonies afforesaid have been drawne, or shall be drawne, & concerning
+y^e colonies themselves, & concerning others, y^t have been interest
+therein, y^t they give atendance upon you, and be observante and
+obediente unto your warrants in those affaires, as often as, and even as
+in our name they shall be required, at their perill. In testimoney
+wherof, we have caused these our letters to be made pattente. Wittnes
+our selfe at Westminster the 28. day of Aprill, in y^e tenth year of our
+Raigne.
+
+  By write from y^e privie seale,
+  WILLIES.
+
+  Anno Dom: 1634.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+Index
+
+
+  Abdas, an Indian, 525.
+
+  Accord Pond, 442.
+
+  Acoughcouss, 445.
+
+  Adventurers. See _Merchant Adventurers_.
+
+  Alden. John, arrested in Massachusetts, 379.
+    Party to contract, 452, 458.
+    Settlement with, 478, 481.
+    Family, 533, 536, 539.
+
+  Alden, Robert, 256.
+
+  Allerton, Bartholomew, 531, 535.
+
+  Allerton, Isaac, 62.
+    Assistant, 121, 242.
+    Goes to England, 252, 267, 274, 313, 328.
+    Agreement with, 254 _et seq._, 271, 272.
+    Brings over Mr. Rogers, 292.
+    Marries Elder Brewster's daughter, 305.
+    Discharged, 329, 333, 358.
+    Disciplined by church, 349.
+    Disregards his bond, 357, 362.
+    Referred to, 276, 278-280, 294, 296, 297, 300-303, 305-312, 318-327,
+      335, 336, 340-350, 357-359, 361, 363-369, 375, 394, 432, 436, 452.
+    Family, 531.
+
+  Allerton, John, 533, 539.
+
+  Allerton, Mary, 531, 353.
+
+  Allerton, Remember, 531, 535.
+
+  Alltham, Emanuel, 256.
+
+  Amsterdam, 23, 66, 70, 73.
+
+  Anabaptistry, 461.
+
+  Andrews, Richard, adventurer, 256.
+    Undertaker, 275, 279, 296, 307, 333, 342, 343, 394.
+    Beaver sent to, 431, 435.
+    Takes land at  Scituate, 439.
+    Settlement with, 452.
+    Letter to Freeman, 482.
+    Referred to, 410, 412, 414, 436, 447.
+
+  Andrews, Thomas, adventurer, 256.
+
+  Ann. See _Cape Ann_.
+
+  Anne, ship, 168, 171, 177, 215.
+
+  Anthony, Lawrence, 256.
+
+  Aquidnett Island, 434, 461, 515.
+
+  Argoll, Captain, 47, 48.
+
+  Arminians, 27, 28.
+
+  Arnold, Benedict, 514, 525.
+
+  Ashley, Edward, 307.
+    His patent and business, 308 _et seq._
+    Sends beaver home, 318, 326.
+    Trades with Indians, 327.
+    Referred to, 333, 335, 337, 339, 346, 349.
+    His death, 328.
+
+  Assistants at Plymouth, 121, 187.
+
+  Atwood, John, agent for Sherley, 449 _et seq._
+    Sherley's letter to, 479.
+
+  Aulney, Monsieur d.', captures Penobscot, 395, 513.
+
+  Aurelius, Marcus, 24.
+
+  Awasequin, chief, 518, 525.
+
+  Awashawe, Indian, 523.
+
+
+  Babb, Mr., 412
+
+  Baker, master of the Charity, 202.
+
+  Baptism, differences respecting, 457, 461.
+
+  Barnstable, 444.
+
+  Bass, Edward, 255, 256.
+
+  Beastliness, 459 _et seq._
+
+  Beauchamp, John, 138, 141, 255, 256, 275, 276, 296.
+    Patent in his name, 307.
+    Referred to, 333, 342, 343, 368, 394, 412, 414, 431, 435, 439, 451.
+    Settlement with, 452.
+
+  Bellingham, Richard, deputy governor of Massachusetts, 399.
+    Letters from, 400, 461.
+
+  Billirike (Billerica), Pilgrims came from, 69.
+
+  Billington, Elen, 532.
+
+  Billington, Francis, 532.
+
+  Billington, John, 218.
+    Loses himself, 123.
+    Tried for murder and executed, 329.
+    Family, 532, 537.
+
+  Billington, John, Jr., 532.
+
+  Blackwell, Sir Francis, 47-50, 54.
+
+  Block Island, 418, 421.
+
+  Blossom, Thomas, 374.
+
+  Boston in England, 16.
+
+  Boston in New England, 342, 354, 383, 417, 501, 518.
+
+  Bound Brook, 442.
+
+  Bradford, Dorothy, 531, 535.
+
+  Bradford, Wm., begins writing, 9.
+    W. B., 62.
+    Chosen governor, 121.
+    Illness, 111, 121.
+    Letter to Weston, 131.
+    Letter from Weston, 142.
+    Letter from Pickering and Greene, 144, 272.
+    With others appoints Sherley and Beauchamp agents, 278.
+    Patent at Kennebec, 376.
+    Surrenders patent, 444.
+    Letter from, 462.
+    Family, 531, 535.
+
+  Bradstreet, Simon, 399, 513.
+
+  Brewer, Thomas, 60, 256.
+
+  Brewster, Jonathan, letter from, 403.
+
+  Brewster, Love, 531, 535.
+
+  Brewster, Mary, 531.
+
+  Brewster, Wm., Elder, 14.
+    Goes to Holland, 22.
+    Assistant to Robinson, 24.
+    Correspondence with Sandys and Worstenholme, 40-45.
+    As to going to America, 53.
+    Labors for sick, 111.
+    Letters from Pickering, Greene and Weston, 144-146.
+    Letter from Robinson, 198.
+    Letter from Roger White, 248.
+    Referred to, 153, 205, 208, 278, 380, 452.
+    Dies, 487.
+    Character, 488 _et seq._
+    Family, 531, 535.
+
+  Brewster, Wrestling, 531, 535.
+
+  Bristol, England, 320, 333, 338, 340, 347, 359.
+
+  Britteridge, Richard, 535, 538.
+
+  Brook, Lord, 378.
+
+  Brown, John, 513, 525.
+
+  Brown, Peter, 533, 525.
+
+  Browning, Henry, 256.
+
+  Brownists, 238.
+
+  Button, Wm., dies, 93.
+    Family, 532.
+
+
+  Callicote, Sergeant, 525.
+
+  Calvin, John, 7.
+
+  Capawack, 117, 125, 148.
+
+  Cape Ann, patent for, 192.
+    Mentioned, 202, 204, 237, 265.
+
+  Cape Cod, 90.
+    Arrive at, 93.
+    Explore bay of, 101.
+    French ship lost on, 118.
+    Mentioned, 97, 123, 127, 132, 148, 153, 154, 186, 231, 261, 266.
+
+  Carter, Robert, 532.
+
+  Carver, John, agent to England, 40.
+    Deacon, 40.
+    Letter from Staresmore, 50;
+      from Robinson, 58;
+      from S. F. _et al._, 61;
+      from Cushman, 69;
+      from Robinson, 77;
+      from Weston, 128, 137, 140.
+    Keeps letter, 66.
+    Chosen governor, 109.
+    Mentioned, 50, 54, 58, 61, 63, 67-70, 76, 131.
+    At Southampton, 74.
+    Dies, 121.
+    Family, 531, 534.
+
+  Carver, Kathrine, 531, 534.
+
+  Cattle, first arrival of, 189.
+
+  Cawsumsett Neck, 445.
+
+  Charity, ship, 190, 207.
+
+  Charles I., commission by, for regulating plantations, 249, 540.
+
+  Charles River, 440.
+
+  Charlestown, 441.
+
+  Charlton, 116.
+
+  Chauncey, Charles, invited to Plymouth, 456, 458.
+    Letter from, 467.
+
+  Chilton, James, 533, 538.
+
+  Chilton, Mary, 533, 538.
+
+  Chinnough, an Indian, 513.
+
+  Christmas at Plymouth, 134.
+
+  Church covenant, 331.
+
+  Clapham, 411, 451.
+
+  Clarke, pilot of the Mayflower, 67.
+
+  Clarke, Richard, 533, 538.
+
+  Clifton, Rev. Richard, 14.
+
+  Cobiseconte, 376.
+
+  Coddington, Wm., 332, 399.
+
+  Cohasset, 442.
+
+  Collier, Wm., 256, 340, 367.
+    Sherley's agent, 449.
+
+  Colonies of New England, confederation of, 496.
+
+  Commissioners for the plantation, 540.
+    Winslow petitions the, 390.
+
+  Compact of the Pilgrims, 109.
+
+  Connecticut, 371, 386, 387, 391, 402, 405, 415, 419, 424, 430, 506, 509.
+
+  Cooke, Francis, 532, 537, 539.
+
+  Cooke, John, 532, 537, 539.
+
+  Cooke, Lord, 50.
+
+  Cooper, Humility, 532, 537.
+
+  Coppin, Robert, Mayflower pilot, deceived, 104.
+
+  Corbitant takes Squanto, 124, 136.
+
+  Corn. See _Indian Corn_.
+
+  Cotton, Rev. John, 332.
+
+  Coventry, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Crabe, Rev. Mr., 71.
+
+  Crackston, John, family, 532, 536.
+
+  Cromwell, Thomas, Captain, and his crew, 526, 527.
+
+  Crose, Daniel, murderer, escapes, 432.
+
+  Cushman, Mary, 539.
+
+  Cushman, Robert, agent to England, 40.
+    Letters from, 46-49.
+    Letter from S. F. _et al._, 61, 62.
+    Letters to S F. _et al._, 63-68;
+    to John Carver, 69;
+    to Ed. S., 86-90.
+    Comes in the Fortune, 126.
+    Condemns Weston's colonists, 147.
+    Letters from, 172, 191.
+    Mentioned, 49, 50, 54, 58, 60, 69, 74-76, 85, 137.
+    His death, 249.
+
+  Cutshamakin, 522, 525.
+
+
+  Damariscove Islands, 137, 187, 228, 251.
+
+  Dartmouth, England, 83, 86, 90.
+
+  Davenport, Lieutenant, 428.
+
+  Davidson, Wm., 488.
+
+  Davis, John, Sergeant, 514.
+
+  Delft-Haven, 72.
+
+  Dennison, Wm., 343.
+
+  Dermer, Captain, 115, 118.
+
+  Dorchester, 402, 406.
+
+  Doty, Edward, 532, 539.
+
+  Dudley, Thomas, 232, 342.
+    Letter from, 379.
+    Mentioned, 384, 399, 504.
+
+  Dumer, Richard, 399.
+
+  Dutch, 54, 196.
+    Send letters, 281.
+    Mentioned, 370, 372-374, 388.
+
+  Dutch letter, 268.
+
+  Dutchman at Hull, 17, 18, 409.
+
+  Duxbury, 362, 444, 457, 458, 474.
+
+
+  Earthquake in 438, 437.
+
+  Eaton, Francis, 533, 538.
+
+  Eaton, Samuel, 533, 538.
+
+  Eaton, Sarah, 533, 538.
+
+  Eaton, Theoph., 504, 513, 525.
+
+  Elizabeth, Queen, 7.
+
+  Ely, seaman of Mayflower, 533.
+
+  Endicott, John, arrival of, with patent for Massachusetts, 286-314.
+    Letter to Governor Bradford, 315, 442.
+
+  English, Thomas, seaman on the Mayflower, 533, 539.
+
+  Episcopius, 28.
+
+  Ewangsos, an Indian, 523.
+
+  Exeter jail, 303.
+
+
+  Falcon, ship, 410.
+
+  Familism, 461.
+
+  Farrar, Sir George, 63.
+
+  Fast, in Holland, 52;
+    in Plymouth, 170.
+
+  Fells, Mr., 264, 265.
+
+  Fenwick, George, 504, 513, 525.
+
+  Fitcher, Lieutenant, at Merry-Mount, 284, 285.
+
+  Fleet Prison, 328, 393, 447.
+
+  Fletcher, Moses, 533, 538.
+
+  Fletcher, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Florida, 37.
+
+  Fogg, 339.
+
+  Fort Orange, now Albany, 282.
+
+  Fortune, arrival of the, 126.
+    Departs, 133, 142.
+
+  France, 147, 148, 448.
+
+  Freeman, Edmund, 451, 456.
+
+  French robbery at Penobscot, 350.
+
+  French ship lost on Cape Cod, 118, 137.
+
+  Friendship, ship, 320, 328, 329, 333, 336, 338, 342, 343, 346, 347,
+    358, 360, 413, 455.
+
+  Fuller, Edward, and family, 533, 538.
+
+  Fuller, Samuel, letter from, 61.
+    Letters from Cushman, 63-68.
+    Mentioned, 93, 220, 315.
+    His death, 374.
+    Family, 532, 535.
+
+  Furnival's Inn, 284.
+
+
+  Galopp, John, 429.
+
+  Gardenar, Richard, 533, 538.
+
+  Gardiner, Sir Christopher, 352 _et seq._
+
+  Gibbons commands, 518.
+
+  Gibbs, Mr., mate of the Sparrow, 275.
+
+  Girling, expedition of, to recover Penobscot, 396.
+
+  Glover, Rev. Mr., 408.
+
+  Goffe, Thomas, 256, 275.
+
+  Goodman, John, 533, 538.
+
+  Goodyeare, Stephen, 525.
+
+  Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, 115, 180, 300, 329, 355, 391.
+
+  Gorges, Robert, grant to, 178.
+    Meets Mr. Weston, 179.
+    Arrests him, 183.
+    Returns to England, 184.
+
+  Gorton, Samuel, 528
+
+  Gosnold, Captain, names Cape Cod, 94.
+
+  Gott, Charles, 316.
+
+  Granger, Thomas, 474.
+
+  Graves, Mr., 412.
+
+  Greene, Wm., 143, 144.
+
+  Green's harbor, 362.
+
+  Gregson, Thomas, 504, 513.
+
+  Greville, Sir Fulke, 46.
+
+  Griffin, Mr., 412.
+
+  Grimsbe and Hull, 18.
+
+  Gudburn, Peter, 256.
+
+  Guiana, 36, 55.
+
+
+  Hall, Mr., 410.
+
+  Hampton, 332.
+
+  Hanson, Captain, 183.
+
+  Hartford, 501, 510.
+
+  Hatherly, Timothy, 256, 296, 307, 309.
+    Arrives in Massachusetts Bay, 319-329, 334, 335, 340.
+    Affirms by oath, 342, 343, 345.
+    At Bristol, 347.
+    Again comes to America, 360, 439.
+
+  Hathorne, Wm., 513.
+
+  Haynes, John, governor of Massachusetts, 399.
+
+  Heath, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Hedgehog, fable of the, 211.
+
+  Hendrick, Prince, 249.
+
+  Hibbins, Wm., 479.
+
+  Higginson, Francis, 317.
+
+  Hingham, 439.
+    Boundaries of, 440, 442.
+
+  Hobbamok, an Indian, 123-125, 135-137.
+
+  Hobson, Wm., 256.
+
+  Hocking, killed at the Kennebec, 377-384.
+
+  Holbeck, Wm., 532.
+
+  Holland, 15, 22, 30, 34, 42, 69, 71, 374, 393, 490.
+
+  Holland, Robert, 243, 256.
+
+  Hooke, John, 531, 535.
+
+  Hooker, Rev. Thomas, 234.
+
+  Hopkins, Constanta, 532, 536.
+
+  Hopkins, Damaris, 532.
+
+  Hopkins, Edward, 504, 513, 525.
+
+  Hopkins, Elizabeth, 532, 536.
+
+  Hopkins, Giles, 536.
+
+  Hopkins, Oceanus, born at sea, 532.
+
+  Hopkins, Stephen, 122.
+    Visits Massasoit, 122.
+    Family, 532, 536.
+
+  Houghe, Atherton, 399.
+
+  Howland, Elizabeth, 534.
+
+  Howland, John, falls overboard, 92, 452.
+    Family, 531, 534.
+
+  Hubbard, Wm., historian, 329.
+
+  Huddleston, John, letter from, 150, 151.
+
+  Hudson, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Hudson's Bay, 196.
+
+  Hudson's River, 13.
+
+  Hull, 17, 18.
+
+  Humber River, 441.
+
+  Humfray, John, 399.
+
+  Hunt, Thomas, Captain, captor of Squanto, 115, 116.
+
+  Hunter, Rev. Joseph, 151, 197.
+
+  Hurricane at Plymouth, 401.
+
+
+  Indian corn, 100.
+    Pilgrims take, and later pay for, 100, 123.
+    Squanto teaches how to plant, 120.
+    Indians raise more, 122.
+    Pilgrims do not yet know how to raise, 152.
+    Several hogs-heads secured, 155.
+    Each man to plant for himself, 162.
+    Women and children set, 162.
+    Fear about supply, 176.
+
+  Indians, expected danger from, 34, 95.
+      First seen, 98.
+      Their corn found, 99.
+      About a grampus, 101.
+      First alarm of, 102-104, 106.
+      Skulking, 113.
+      Mentioned, 119, 123, 127, 134, 136, 156, 157.
+      Resolve to destroy western people, 158.
+      Mentioned, 232, 253, 262.
+      Value of wampum, 282.
+      Taught by Morton, 286.
+
+  ---- Long Island, sachems of, 428.
+
+  ---- Mohawks, 427.
+    Kill Sassacus, 430.
+    Mentioned, 514.
+
+  ---- Monhiggs beat the Narragansetts, 430.
+
+  ---- Narragansetts, 123, 133, 135, 136, 148, 152, 186, 282, 416, 423,
+         424, 426, 430, 433 496, 505.
+    Agreement with, 521.
+
+  ---- Neepnetts, 429.
+
+  ---- Nyanticks, 512, 518.
+    Agreement with, 521.
+
+  ---- Pequots, 232, 282, 371, 415, 416, 418.
+    Attack English, 419, 420, 423-426, 430, 496, 505.
+
+  Innemo, Indian chief, 518.
+
+  Irish servants, 264.
+
+  Isle of Shoals, 291.
+
+
+  Jackson, Thomas, executed, 432.
+
+  James, a physician, 434.
+
+  James I., 13.
+    Dies, 219.
+    Named, 356.
+
+  James, ship, 192.
+
+  Jeffrey, Sergeant, 328.
+
+  Jenemo and Wipelock, 523.
+
+  Johnson, Rev. Francis, 48, 49.
+
+  Johnson, Mr., 330, 332.
+
+  Johnsone, alderman, 47.
+
+  Jonas, 525.
+
+  Jones, captain of the Discovery, 153.
+
+  Jones, captain of the Mayflower, 83.
+
+
+  Kean, Robert, 255, 256.
+
+  Kennebec, load of corn sent up the, 246.
+    Mentioned, 267, 280, 282, 293, 300, 311, 326, 348, 379, 407, 421, 437.
+    Patent at, 376.
+
+  Kent, 70.
+
+  King, Wm., 89.
+
+  Knight, Eliza, 256.
+
+  Knight, John, 256.
+
+  Knowles, Myles, 256.
+
+
+  Land's End, 84.
+
+  Langemore, John, 532.
+
+  Langrume, master of a ship, 410, 412.
+
+  Latham, Wm., 531, 534.
+
+  LaTour, French governor, 513.
+
+  Laud, Wm., archbishop, 391, 392.
+
+  Lee, Lord, 430.
+
+  Levett, Christopher, 179.
+
+  Leyden, 23, 54, 56, 66, 70.
+    Departure thence, 71.
+    Mentioned, 85, 96, 130, 143, 148, 189, 216, 249, 271, 293, 314.
+
+  Lincoln, Countess of, 51.
+
+  Lincolnshire, 13, 16.
+
+  Ling, John, 256.
+
+  Lister, Edward, 532, 539.
+
+  London, 69, 72, 73, 84, 86, 115, 195, 244.
+    Plague in, 246, 357, 410.
+
+  London bridge, fire on, 367.
+
+  Low countries, 22, 26, 121, 296, 448, 489.
+
+  Ludlow, Mr., 428, 509.
+
+  Lyford, John, arrives, 204.
+    Letters intercepted, 207, 208.
+    Sets up a public meeting, 209.
+    Cited before the court, 210.
+    Mentioned, 213, 215, 219, 238, 292.
+    His acknowledgment, 220.
+    Writes to adventurers, 221.
+    Their opinion of him, 223 _et seq._, 227, 229, 230.
+    Censured, 232.
+    Facts concerning, 232 _et seq._
+    Goes to Nantasket, 236. Dies, 237.
+
+  Lyon, ship, 363.
+
+
+  Maggner, Mr., 47.
+
+  Mahue, Mr., 360.
+
+  Malabar, Cape, 94.
+
+  Manamoick (Chatham), 117, 125, 155, 262.
+
+  Manoanscussett, 281, 415.
+
+  Manomet (Sandwich), 123.
+    Pinace built at, 266.
+    Mentioned, 281, 402.
+
+  Margeson, Edmond, 533, 538.
+
+  Marriage, first, at Plymouth, 121.
+    By magistrates, 393.
+
+  Marshfield, 444, 458.
+
+  Martin, Christopher, 69, 70, 76, 87, 88, 532, 536.
+
+  Martyr, Peter, 164.
+
+  Mary, Queen, 7, 352.
+
+  Mary, Queen of Scots, 489.
+
+  Mary and Anne, 435.
+
+  Mason, Captain, with Gorges, 355, 391, 392.
+
+  Mason, John, Captain, and the Pequots, 428, 518.
+
+  Massachusetts, location of, 117.
+    Bay, 149, 232, 265, 295.
+    Gorges arrives in Bay, 178, 181.
+    Arrival of Ralfe Smith, 314.
+    Mr. Pierce and Mr. Hatherley come, 319, 320, 330, 342.
+    Gardiner in, 352, 361.
+    Roger Williams comes, 369.
+    Mentioned, 371, 372, 382, 383, 403, 416, 419, 433.
+    Boundaries between Massachusetts and Plymouth, 447.
+
+  Massasoit visits Plymouth, 114.
+    Treaty with, 114.
+    Embassy to, 122.
+    Sends word concerning Billington, 123-125, 134, 136.
+    Seeks Squanto's life, 137.
+    Is sick, 158.
+
+  Masterson, Richard, 50, 374.
+
+  Maurice, Grave, dies, 249.
+
+  Mayflower, 296.
+
+  May-pole at Merry-Mount, 285, 286.
+
+  Meekesano, 525.
+
+  Merchant adventurers, agreement with, 70, 76.
+    Weston and the, 138, 143.
+    As to Lyford, 234.
+    Broken up, 237.
+    Names of, 256.
+
+  Merrimac River, 160.
+
+  Merry-Mount, 284.
+
+  Miantonimo, 505, 512.
+
+  Milford-Haven, 348.
+
+  Millsop, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Minter, Desire, 531, 534.
+
+  Mixano, 518.
+
+  Monhegan, 148, 185, 251.
+
+  Mononotto, an Indian, and his wife, 429, 430.
+
+  More, Ellen, 531.
+
+  More, Jasper, 531, 534.
+
+  More, Richard, 531, 533.
+
+  Morrell, Wm., Rev., comes with Robert Gorges, 185.
+
+  Morton, George, 59.
+
+  Morton, Thomas, at Mount Wollaston, 284 _et seq._
+    Arrested, 291, 302.
+    Imprisoned in Boston, 303, 392.
+
+  Mott, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Mount Wollaston, 284 _et seq._
+
+  Mullines, Joseph, 532, 536.
+
+  Mullines, Priscila, 532, 536, 539.
+
+  Mullines, Wm., 76.
+    Family, 532, 536.
+
+
+  Nacata, 445.
+
+  Naemschatet, 445.
+
+  Namasket, 116.
+
+  Namassakett, 124.
+
+  Namskeket Creek, 263.
+
+  Nantasket, 236, 289.
+
+  Narragansetts.   See _Indians_.
+
+  Nash, Mr., 61, 62.
+
+  Natawanute, 373.
+
+  Naumkeag (Salem), 235, 316.
+
+  Naunton, Sir Robert, 38.
+
+  Nauset (Eastham), 116, 123, 444.
+
+  Nequamkeck, falls of, 376.
+
+  Newbald, Fria, 256.
+
+  New-comin, John, killed by Billington, 330.
+
+  New England, 109, 115.
+    Grant from council of, 167, 169, 178, 245.
+    Confederation of plantations of, 496.
+
+  Newfoundland, 115.
+
+  New Haven, 458, 500-502, 509, 521.
+
+  Newtown, 399, 407.
+
+  Norton, Captain, 386.
+
+  Norton, Rev. John, 408.
+
+  Norway, 19.
+
+  Nottinghamshire, 13.
+
+  Novatians, 9.
+
+  Nowell, Increase, 399.
+
+  Nyanticks. See _Indians_.
+
+
+  Old-comers, 444.
+
+  Oldham, John, 206, 208.
+    Resists Captain Standish, 209.
+    Cited before the court, 210.
+    Named, 216, 218, 219.
+    Comes again, 229.
+    Sent away, 230.
+    Confesses, 231.
+    Killed, 232.
+    Mentioned, 237, 417, 418.
+
+  Oporto, 327, 343.
+
+  Orania (Orange) fort, 282.
+
+  Ossamequine, 522.
+
+  Ouse River, 441.
+
+
+  Paddy, Wm., 456.
+
+  Pampiamett, 513.
+
+  Paragon, ship, sent out by John Peirce, 166-168.
+
+  Partridge, Ralph, discusses baptism with Chauncey, 457.
+    Letter from, 466.
+
+  Passaconaway, 522.
+
+  Passengers in the Mayflower, 531 _et seq._
+
+  Patrick, Captain, 328.
+
+  Patucket River, 445.
+
+  Patuxet (Plymouth), 116.
+
+  Peach, Arthur, executed for murder, 432.
+
+  Peirce, Wm., master of Paragon, 169.
+    Master of the Anne, 171, 186, 202, 207, 216.
+    Comes from England, 230, 232, 234, 308, 319, 333, 361, 363.
+    Letter from Virginia, 365-367, 412, 414.
+    Carries Indians to West Indies, 429.
+
+  Pelham, Herbert, 525.
+
+  Pemaquid, 401.
+
+  Pemberton, John, 208.
+
+  Pennington, Wm., 256.
+
+  Penobscot, 116, 309, 326, 333, 349, 350, 382, 395, 400.
+
+  Pequots. See _Indians_.
+
+  Perkins, Mr., 9.
+
+  Perrin, Wm., 256.
+
+  Pessecuss, an Indian, 520, 524, 525.
+
+  Peters, Hugh, 479 _et seq._
+
+  Pickering, Edward, 58, 60, 138, 140, 143.
+    Letter to Bradford and Brewster, 144, 145.
+
+  Pierce, John, 76, 143.
+    Likes not Weston's company, 148.
+    Sends the Paragon, 166 _et seq._
+    Charter taken in name of, 167.
+
+  Pilgrims resolve to go to the low countries, 14.
+    Fate of families left behind, 20.
+    Remove to Leyden, 23.
+    Obtain patent from Virginia company, 50, 51.
+    Agreement with Weston and merchant adventurers, 56, 70.
+    Their vessels, 71, 72.
+    Choose governor and assistants, 83.
+    Sail, 83.
+    Put back, 83.
+    Dismiss the Speedwell, 84.
+    List of the, in the Mayflower, 531 _et seq._
+    Descry Cape Cod, 93.
+    Give thanks, 94.
+    First see Indians, 98.
+    Find kettle and Indian corn, 99.
+    First encounter with Indians, 102.
+    Lay out house lots, 107.
+    Their compact, 109.
+    Choose John Carver governor, 109.
+    Visited by Samoset, 113;
+      by Squanto and Massasoit, 114.
+    Treaty with Massasoit, 114.
+    Harvest, 127, 152.
+    Their meeting house, 152.
+
+  Pinchon, 399, 404.
+
+  Piscataqua River, 160, 251, 267, 377, 383.
+
+  Plague in London, 246, 357.
+
+  Plantations, commission for regulating, 249, 540.
+
+  Pliny, 201.
+
+  Plymouth, Eng., Pilgrims put into, 84, 244.
+
+  Plymouth, N. E., 1, 90, 116, 117, 127, 160, 251, 314, 332, 349, 363,
+      380.
+    Bounds between, and Massachusetts, 442.
+
+  Pocock, John, 256.
+
+  Point Care, 94.
+
+  Point Peril, 445.
+
+  Pokanokets, 116.
+
+  Poliander, John, 28.
+
+  Portsmouth, 169, 244, 246.
+
+  Pory, John, secretary, 153.
+
+  Powows, 118.
+
+  Poynton, Daniel, 256.
+
+  Preist, Digerie, 533, 538.
+
+  Prince, Thos., chosen governor, 375, 432.
+    Mentioned, 380, 381, 452, 525.
+
+  Prices of live stock, 436.
+
+  Providence, 515.
+
+  Prower, Salamon, 532.
+
+  Punham, 522.
+
+  Pummunish, 513, 525.
+
+  Puritans, name, 8.
+
+
+  Quarles, Wm., 256.
+
+
+  Rasdell, Mr., at Mt. Wollaston, 284.
+
+  Rasieres, Isaac de, 269.
+    Reply to his letter, 270, 281.
+
+  Rayner, John, Rev., 419, 457.
+    Letter from, 464.
+
+  Rehoboth, 444.
+
+  Revell, John, 256.
+
+  Reynolds, 67.
+    Captain of the Speedwell, 83.
+    Puts back twice, 83, 84.
+    Referred to, 147, 208.
+
+  Rigdale, Alice, 533, 537.
+
+  Rigdale, John, 533, 537.
+
+  Riggs, Sergeant, 328.
+
+  Robinson, John, Rev., 14.
+    Goes to Holland, 22-24, 27.
+    Disputes with Arminius, 28.
+    Correspondence with Sir Edwin Sandys, 40-43;
+      with Sir John Worstenholm, 43-46, 48, 54.
+    Letters to John Carver, 58-61, 77, 78;
+      to Pilgrims, 78-82, 88, 130, 153.
+    Letter to Governor Bradford, 197;
+      to Wm. Brewster, 198, 216, 238.
+    Dead, 247 _et seq._
+
+  Rogers, Mr., at Plymouth, 292.
+
+  Rogers, Joseph, 533, 537.
+
+  Rogers, Thomas, 533, 537.
+
+  Rome, 25, 66.
+
+  Rookes, Newman, 256.
+
+
+  Sagadahoc, wreck at, 251.
+
+  Salem, 235, 295, 316, 317, 330, 370, 383.
+
+  Salt-making, 191, 192, 203.
+
+  Saly (Saller), 245.
+
+  Samoset visits Plymouth, 113.
+
+  Samson, Henry, 532, 537.
+
+  Sanders, John, chief of Weston's men, 155.
+
+  Sandwich, 444.
+
+  Sandys, Sir Edwin, letter from, 40-43, 46.
+    Governor of Virginia company, 47.
+
+  Sassacus, sachem, 427.
+    Killed, 430.
+
+  Satucket, 116.
+
+  Say, Lord, 378, 384.
+
+  Scituate, 440-444, 458.
+
+  Scotland, 448.
+
+  Scott, false, 351.
+
+  Scurvy, Pilgrims suffer from, 110.
+
+  Seekonk, 434, 444, 518.
+
+  Seneca, 94, 200.
+
+  Sharpe, Samuel, 256.
+
+  Sheriver, Mr., 50.
+
+  Sherley, James, letters to Pilgrims, 189 _et seq._, 193, 300, 302,
+      304, 321, 333.
+    Letters to Governor Bradford, 275 _et seq._, 295.
+    Letters from, 335 _et seq._, 346, 359, 367 _et seq._, 381, 394, 410,
+      412, 450.
+    Settlement with, 452.
+    Letters to Atwood, 478;
+      to partners, 478, 485.
+    His release, 480.
+    Mentioned, 249, 255, 256, 278, 279, 293, 304, 306, 307, 309, 313,
+      318, 340, 342, 344, 347-350, 357, 360, 363, 375, 414, 415, 431,
+      435, 439, 446.
+
+  Shoanan, sachem, 522.
+
+  Sibsie, Mr., 220.
+
+  Skelton, Samuel, 317.
+
+  Small-pox among Indians on the Connecticut, 388.
+
+  Smith, Francis, 514.
+
+  Smith, John, 23, 94.
+    His map, 441.
+
+  Smith, John, Rev., 14, 23.
+
+  Smith, Ralph, Rev., 314.
+    Resigns his ministry, 418.
+
+  Smith, Sir Thomas, 47.
+
+  Sodomy, 459 _et seq._
+
+  Sokanoke, 522.
+
+  Southampton, 67.
+    Arrive at, 71.
+    Mentioned, 73, 87, 88, 533.
+
+  Souther, Nathaniel, 456.
+
+  Southworth, Edward, letter from Robt. Cushman, 86-90.
+
+  Sowams, 115.
+
+  Sowansett River, 445.
+
+  Sowle, George, 531, 535.
+
+  Spain, 115, 358.
+
+  Sparrow, ship, 145.
+
+  Speedwell, ship, 71, 72, 84.
+
+  Squanto, history of, 113-117.
+    Teaches corn planting, 120.
+    With embassy to Massasoit, 122.
+    Mentioned, 124, 125, 130, 135, 148.
+    Seeks his own ends, 136, 137.
+    Dies, 155.
+
+  Stamford, 509.
+
+  Standish, Myles, leads a party up Cape Cod, 98.
+    Labors for sick, 111.
+    Goes with party about Cape Cod, 155.
+    Rescues some of Weston's people, 159.
+    Lyford's opinion of, 217.
+    Sent to England, 245.
+    Comes home, 247, 252, 272, 278.
+    Arrests Morton, 291, 379-381.
+    Goes to the Penobscot, 397.
+    Mentioned, 446, 452, 458, 518, 532, 536.
+
+  Standish, Rose, 532, 536.
+
+  Stanton, Thomas, interpreter, 428.
+
+  Staresmore, Sabin (S. B.), 46.
+    Letter to Carver, 50, 51.
+
+  Stinnings, Richard, executed for murder, 432.
+
+  Stone, Captain, influences governor of Dutch plantation, 385.
+    Killed, 386.
+    Mentioned, 416, 418.
+
+  Story, Elias, 531.
+
+  Stoughton, Israel, commissioner, 442.
+
+  Stoughton, Mr., 429.
+
+  Straton, 339.
+
+  Sturgs, Thomas, 481.
+
+
+  Taborites, 25.
+
+  Talbut, ship, 296.
+
+  Tarantines, 125.
+
+  Tassaquanawite, 523.
+
+  Taunton, 444.
+
+  Thanksgiving, first, 126.
+
+  Thomas, Wm., 456.
+
+  Thompson, David, at the mouth of the Piscataqua, 185, 251, 252.
+
+  Thompson, Edward, 532.
+
+  Thorned, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Thornhill, Matthew, 256.
+
+  Tilden, Joseph, 256.
+
+  Tillie, Ann, 532, 537.
+
+  Tillie, Edward, 532, 537.
+
+  Tillie, Elizabeth, 532, 534, 537.
+
+  Tillie, John, 532, 534, 537.
+
+  Tinker, Thomas, 533, 537.
+
+  Tirrey, Arthur, 481.
+
+  Trask, Captain, 328.
+
+  Trent, River, 441.
+
+  Trevore, Wm., 148, 533.
+
+  Trumball, Wm., 357.
+
+  Tucker's Terror, 94.
+
+  Turkeys, wild, 126.
+
+  Turner, John, 66, 67, 533, 538.
+
+
+  Uncas, Monhigg chief, 430, 505, 510 _et seq._, 514, 521, 523.
+
+  Uncaway, 509.
+
+  Union of the New England colonies, 496.
+
+
+  Vane, Sir Harry, 419, 430.
+
+  Vines, Richard, 338.
+
+  Virginia, 36, 37, 41, 49, 55, 67, 86, 109, 117, 127, 138, 149, 150,
+      152, 153, 170, 181.
+    Ship bound for, 261, 265, 266.
+    Mentioned, 364, 385, 414.
+
+  Virginia company, 38, 39, 46, 47, 54, 108.
+
+  Virginia court and council, 46.
+
+
+  Walloons, 27.
+
+  Wampum, value of, 282.
+
+  Ward, Thomas, 256.
+
+  Warren, Richard, 532, 537.
+
+  Warwick, Earl of, 300, 526.
+
+  Water, first drink of, in New England, 99.
+
+  Waughwamino, 524.
+
+  Weequashcooke, 523.
+
+  Weesagascussett, 289.
+
+  Weetowish, 513, 518, 525.
+
+  Weld, Thomas, 479 _et seq._
+
+  West, Francis, admiral for New England, 169, 178.
+
+  Weston, Andrew, 144.
+
+  Weston, Thos., 52, 54-56, 59, 60, 62, 63, 67, 69, 74, 88.
+    Writes Governor Carver, 128, 129.
+    Sends fishing vessel, 137.
+    Letters to Mr. Carver, 137-140.
+    Letter to Governor Bradford, 142-144.
+    Remarks in letter of Pickering and Greene, 145.
+    Mentioned, 141, 146, 149, 150, 166, 178, 186, 189.
+    His people in trouble, 154 _et seq._
+    Comes in disguise, 160.
+    His ingratitude, 161.
+    Arrives with small ship, 179.
+    Cited before Robert Gorges, 179 _et seq._
+    Arrested, 183.
+    Dies, 184.
+
+  Westminster, 411.
+
+  Weymouth, 442.
+
+  White, Mr., counsellor, 234.
+
+  White, John, Rev., 256.
+
+  White, Peregrine, 532, 536.
+
+  White, Resolved, 532, 536, 539.
+
+  White, Roger, letter from, 248.
+
+  White, Susannah, 532, 535.
+
+  White, Wm., 532, 535, 536.
+
+  White Angel, ship, 320, 321, 326, 328, 329, 333-335, 337, 338, 343,
+    344, 346, 350, 361, 364, 390, 394, 395, 413, 455.
+
+  Wilder, Roger, 531, 534.
+
+  Wilkinson, Ed., master of the Falcon, 410, 412.
+
+  Willett, Thomas, agent at Penobscot, 395.
+
+  Williams, Roger, 369 _et seq._
+    Pacifies Indians, 434, 515.
+
+  Williams, Thomas, 533, 538.
+
+  Willson, Mr., surgeon, 430.
+
+  Wilson, John, 332.
+
+  Wincot, Jacob, 51.
+
+  Winnisimmet, 289.
+
+  Winslow, Edward, 62.
+    Visits Massasoit, 122.
+    Visits Captain Huddleston, 151.
+    Brings cattle, 189.
+    Comes from England, 230.
+    Calls Lyford a knave, 236.
+    Goes up the Kennebec, 247.
+    Mentioned, 134, 177, 191, 208, 216, 234, 242, 244, 251, 278, 300,
+      312, 319, 329, 333, 336, 337, 344, 346, 350, 357, 380, 384,
+      392-394, 408, 442, 446, 452, 513, 527.
+    Chosen governor, 366, 409, 507.
+    In England, 389.
+    Petition of, 390.
+    Family, 531, 535.
+
+  Winslow, Elizabeth, 531.
+
+  Winslow, Gilbert, 533, 538.
+
+  Winslow, Josias, 452.
+
+  Winthrop, John, 330-332, 342.
+    Letters from, 354, 417, 420, 427.
+    Mentioned, 382-384, 399, 446, 504, 525.
+
+  Wollaston, Captain, 283.
+    His ventures, 284.
+
+  Worstenholme, Sir John, 43, 45, 47.
+
+  Wraight, Henry, 256.
+
+
+  Yarmouth, 444, 445.
+
+  Yeardley, Sir Geo., 47.
+
+  Yonge, Joseph, 435.
+
+  Yorkshire, 13.
+
+
+  Zealand, 17.
+
+  Ziska, 25.
+
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] The Hon. Charles Francis Adams.
+
+[B] Lib. 2 Chap. 22.
+
+[C] In the text, parentheses are used frequently, apparently in place of
+commas. For this reason, many are omitted in the reprint.
+
+[D] Acts & Mon: pag. 1587. editi: 2.
+
+[E] Ens: lib: 6. Chap. 42.
+
+[F] Pag. 421.
+
+[G] A note of the author at this place, written subsequent to this
+portion of the narrative, on the reverse pages of his History.
+
+[H] All these and subsequent passages are quoted from the Geneva version
+of the Bible.
+
+[I] Em: meter: lib: 25. col. 119.
+
+[J] The reformed churches shapen much neerer y^e primitive patterne
+_then England_, for they cashered y^e Bishops w^ith al their courts,
+cannons, and ceremoneis, at the first; and left them amongst y^e popish
+tr.... to [=c]h w^ch they pertained. (The last word in the note is
+uncertain in the MS.)
+
+[K] Goulden booke, &c.
+
+[L] S^r Robert Nanton.
+
+[M] NOTE.--O sacred bond, whilst inviollably preserved! how sweete and
+precious were the fruits that flowed from y^e same, but when this
+fidelity decayed, then their ruine approached. O that these anciente
+members had not dyed, or been dissipated, (if it had been the will of
+God) or els that this holy care and constante faithfullnes had still
+lived, and remained with those that survived, and were in times
+afterwards added unto them. But (alass) that subtill serpente hath
+slylie wound in himselfe under faire pretences of necessitie and y^e
+like, to untwiste these sacred bonds and tyes, and as it were insensibly
+by degrees to dissolve, or in a great measure to weaken, y^e same. I
+have been happy, in my first times, to see, and with much comforte to
+injoye, the blessed fruits of this sweete communion, but it is now a
+parte of my miserie in old age, to find and feele y^e decay and wante
+therof (in a great measure), and with greefe and sorrow of hart to
+lamente & bewaile y^e same. And for others warning and admonnition, and
+my owne humiliation, doe I hear note y^e same.
+
+[The above reflections of the author were penned at a later period, on
+the reverse pages of his History, at this place.]
+
+[N] Bishops.
+
+[O] M^r. Tho: Weston, &c.
+
+[P] _Yowthers_ in the manuscript, an illegibly written word, doubtless
+intended for "y^e others."
+
+[Q] This word is enclosed in brackets in the manuscript.
+
+[R] In Governor Bradford's Collection of Letters, these subscribers are
+thus wrote out at length: SAMUEL FULLER, WILLIAM BRADFORD, ISAAC
+ALLERTON, ED. WINSLOW.--_Prince._
+
+[S] June 11. O. S. is Lord's day, and therefore 't is likely the date of
+this letter should be June 10, the same with the date of the letter
+following.--_Prince._
+
+[T] He was a minister.
+
+[U] Of some 60 tune.
+
+[V] Heb. 11.
+
+[W] This was about 22. of July.
+
+[X] It was well for them y^t this was not accepted.
+
+[Y] This letter is omitted in Governor Bradford's _Collection of
+Letters._--_Prince._
+
+[Z] In Governor Bradford's _Collection of Letters_, this is Edward
+Southworth.--_Prince._
+
+[AA] He was governour in y^e biger ship, & M^r. Cushman assistante.
+
+[AB] I thinke he was deceived in these things.
+
+[AC] This was found true afterward.
+
+[AD] In the manuscript it is "strive dayly," but a pen has been drawn
+through the latter word.
+
+[AE] For Governor Bradford's list of passengers in the Mayflower, see
+Appendix, No. I.
+
+[AF] Because y^ey tooke much of y^t fishe ther.
+
+[AG] Epist: 53.
+
+[AH] Act. 28.
+
+[AI] Deu: 26. 5, 7.
+
+[AJ] 107 Psa: v. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8.
+
+[AK] Which was this author him selfe.
+
+[AL] Page 17.
+
+[AM] _Thing_ in the manuscript
+
+[AN] She came y^e 9. to y^e Cap.
+
+[AO] Nay, they were faine to spare y^e shipe some to carry her home.
+
+[AP] _Yeeled_ in the manuscript.
+
+[AQ] _Adventures_ in the manuscript.
+
+[AR] I know not w^ch way.
+
+[AS] _Adventures_ in the manuscript.
+
+[AT] See how his promisss is fulfild.
+
+[AU] _But y^e_ [he] _left not his own men a bite of bread._
+
+[AV] The number is repeated in the Ms.
+
+[AW] Mr. Hunter writes, "Here is an error in Bradford's pagination. He
+passes from 79 to 90. No part of the manuscript is here lost." 79 is
+repeated in the paging.
+
+[AX] _W^th_ in the manuscript.
+
+[AY] _They_ in the MS.
+
+[AZ] I may not here omite how, notwithstand all their great paines &
+industrie, and y^e great hops of a large cropp, the Lord seemed to
+blast, & take away the same, and to threaten further & more sore famine
+unto them, by a great drought which continued from y^e 3. weeke in May,
+till about y^e midle of July, without any raine, and with great heat
+(for y^e most parte), insomuch as y^e corne begane to wither away,
+though it was set with fishe, the moysture wherof helped it much. Yet at
+length it begane to languish sore, and some of y^e drier grounds were
+partched like withered hay, part wherof was never recovered. Upon which
+they sett a parte a solemne day of humilliation, to seek y^e Lord by
+humble & fervente prayer, in this great distrese. And he was pleased to
+give them a gracious & speedy answer, both to their owne, & the Indeans
+admiration, that lived amongest them. For all y^e morning, and greatest
+part of the day, it was clear weather & very hotte, and not a cloud or
+any signe of raine to be seen, yet toward evening it begane to overcast,
+and shortly after to raine, with shuch sweete and gentle showers, as
+gave them cause of rejoyceing, & blesing God. It came, without either
+wind, or thunder, or any violence, and by degreese in y^t abundance, as
+that y^e earth was thorowly wete and soked therwith. Which did so
+apparently revive & quicken y^e decayed corne & other fruits, as was
+wonderfull to see, and made y^e Indeans astonished to behold; and
+afterwards the Lord sent them shuch seasonable showers, with enterchange
+of faire warme weather, as, through his blessing, caused a fruitfull &
+liberall harvest, to their no small comforte and rejoycing. For which
+mercie (in time conveniente) they also sett aparte a day of
+thanksgiveing. This being overslipt in its place, I thought meet here to
+inserte y^e same.
+
+[The above is written on the reverse of page 103 of the original, and
+should properly be inserted here. This passage, "being overslipt in its
+place," the author at first wrote it, or the most of it, under the
+preceding year; but, discovering his error before completing it, drew
+his pen across it, and wrote beneath, "This is to be here rased out, and
+is to be placed on page 103, wher it is inserted."]
+
+[BA] _On._
+
+[BB] I. R.
+
+[BC] This proved rather, a propheti, then advice.
+
+[BD] _Contend_ in the manuscript.
+
+[BE] In MS. also 145.
+
+[BF] In MS. also 146.
+
+[BG] He dyed afterwards at Bristoll, in y^e time of the warrs, of y^e
+sicknes in y^t place.
+
+[BH] With her flages, & streamers, pendents, & wastcloaths, &c.
+
+[BI] _And_ is repeated in the MS.
+
+[BJ] _Adventures_ in the manuscript.
+
+[BK] He means Mr. Robinson.
+
+[BL] But this lasted not long, they had now provided Lyford & others to
+send over.
+
+[BM] It is worthy to be observed, how y^e Lord doth chaing times &
+things; for what is now more plentifull then wine? and that of y^e best,
+coming from Malago, y^e Cannaries, and other places, sundry ships lading
+in a year. So as ther is now more cause to complaine of y^e excess and
+y^e abuse of wine (through mens corruption) even to drunkennes, then of
+any defecte or wante of the same. Witnes this year 1646. The good Lord
+lay not y^e sins & unthankfullnes of men to their charge in this
+perticuler.
+
+[BN] This was John Oldome & his like.
+
+[BO] M^r. Westons men.
+
+[BP] _Notabe_ in MS.
+
+[BQ] Plin: lib: 18. chap. 2.
+
+[BR] Of wh^ch were many witneses.
+
+[BS] Jer. 41. 6.
+
+[BT] 121 is repeated in the paging of the original.
+
+[BU] _Inurious_ in MS.
+
+[BV] _Receive_ in the manuscript.
+
+[BW] This was Lyford himselfe.
+
+[BX] _Is it not_ in the MS.
+
+[BY] _Bet-_ in MS.
+
+[BZ] If I mistake not, it was not much less. [30^li in the manuscript.]
+
+[CA] First written as in the text, then altered to _standerss_.
+
+[CB] Note.
+
+[CC] Here occurs another error in the paging of the original; 142 is
+omitted.
+
+[CD] Below are the names of the adventurers subscribed to this paper,
+taken from Bradford's Letter-Book, 1 Mass. Hist. Coll., III. 48; being
+forty-two in number. The names of six of these persons are found
+subsequently among the members of the Massachusetts Company, viz. John
+White, John Pocock, Thomas Goffe, Samuel Sharpe, John Revell, and Thomas
+Andrews. Mr. Haven, who edited the Records of the Massachusetts Company,
+is of opinion that the first person on the list is the celebrated
+clergyman of Dorchester, the reputed author of the Planter's Plea. Emnu.
+Alltham is probably the same person named in the Council Records, under
+date January 21. 1622-3: "Emanuel Altum to command the Pinnace built for
+Mr. Peirce's Plantation." Smith speaks of "Captaine _Altom_" as
+commanding this vessell, but Morton says the name of the master of the
+Little James was Mr. Bridges, who it appears was drowned at Damariscove,
+in March, 1624. See Coll. of the Amer. Antiq. Soc., III. 26, 62,
+Preface; Felt's MS. Memoranda from the Council Records; Smith's Generall
+Historie, p. 239; Morton's Memorial, p. 48.
+
+  John White,
+  John Pocock,
+  Robert Kean,
+  Edward Bass,
+  William Hobson,
+  William Penington,
+  William Quarles,
+  Daniel Poynton,
+  Richard Andrews,
+  Newman Rookes,
+  Henry Browning,
+  Richard Wright,
+  John Ling,
+  Thomas Goffe,
+  Samuel Sharpe,
+  Robert Holland,
+  James Sherley,
+  Thomas Mott,
+  Thomas Fletcher,
+  Timothy Hatherly,
+  Thomas Brewer,
+  John Thorned,
+  Myles Knowles,
+  William Collier,
+  John Revell,
+  Peter Gudburn,
+  Emnu. Alltham,
+  John Beauchamp,
+  Thomas Hudson,
+  Thomas Andrews,
+  Thomas Ward,
+  Fria. Newbald,
+  Thomas Heath,
+  Joseph Tilden,
+  William Perrin,
+  Eliza Knight,
+  Thomas Coventry,
+  Robert Allden,
+  Lawrence Anthony,
+  John Knight,
+  Matthew Thornhill,
+  Thomas Millsop.
+
+
+[CE] The orthography of some of these words differs from the modern way
+of spelling them; and we have no means of ascertaining the accuracy of
+Bradford's copy from the original letter. This passage may be rendered
+thus:--
+
+"Noble, worshipful, wise, and prudent Lords, the Governor and
+Councillors residing in New Plymouth, our very dear friends:--The
+Director and Council of New Netherland wish to your Lordships,
+worshipful, wise, and prudent, happiness in Christ Jesus our Lord, with
+prosperity and health, in soul and body."
+
+[CF] Nov. 6. 1627. Page 238. [Reference is here made to the page of the
+original manuscript.]
+
+[CG] 155 omitted in original MS.--COM.
+
+[CH] Another leter of his, that should have bene placed before:--
+
+We cannot but take notice how y^e Lord hath been pleased to crosse our
+proseedings, and caused many disasters to befale us therin. I conceive
+y^e only reason to be, we, or many of us, aimed at other ends then Gods
+glorie; but now I hope y^t cause is taken away; the bargen being fully
+concluded, as farr as our powers will reach, and confirmed under our
+hands & seals, to M^r. Allerton & y^e rest of his & your copartners. But
+for my owne parte, I confess as I was loath to hinder y^e full
+confirming of it, being y^e first propounder ther of at our meeting; so
+on y^e other side, I was as unwilling to set my hand to y^e sale, being
+y^e receiver of most part of y^e adventurs, and a second causer of much
+of y^e ingagments; and one more threatened, being most envied & aimed at
+(if they could find any stepe to ground their malice on) then any other
+whosoever. I profess I know no just cause they ever had, or have, so to
+doe; neither shall it ever be proved y^t I have wronged them or any of
+y^e adventurers, wittingly or willingly, one peny in y^e disbursing of
+so many pounds in those 2. years trouble. No, y^e sole cause why they
+maligne me (as I & others conceived) was y^t I would not side with them
+against you, & the going over of y^e Leyden people. But as I then card
+not, so now I litle fear what they can doe; yet charge & trouble I know
+they may cause me to be at. And for these reasons, I would gladly have
+perswaded the other 4. to have sealed to this bargaine, and left me out,
+but they would not; so rather then it should faile, M^r. Alerton having
+taken so much pains, I have sealed with y^e rest; with this proviso &
+promise of his, y^t if any trouble arise hear, you are to bear halfe y^e
+charge. Wherfore now I doubt not but you will give your generallitie
+good contente, and setle peace amongst your selves, and peace with the
+natives; and then no doubt but y^e God of Peace will blese your going
+out & your returning, and cause all y^t you sett your hands unto to
+prosper; the which I shall ever pray y^e Lord to grante if it be his
+blessed will. Asuredly unless y^e Lord be mercifull unto us & y^e whole
+land in generall, our estate & condition is farr worse then yours.
+Wherfore if y^e Lord should send persecution or trouble hear, (which is
+much to be feared,) and so should put into our minds to flye for refuge,
+I know no place safer then to come to you, (for all Europ is at varience
+one with another, but cheefly w^th us,) not doubting but to find such
+frendly entertainmente as shall be honest & conscionable,
+notwithstanding what hath latly passed. For I profess in y^e word of an
+honest man, had it not been to procure your peace & quiet from some
+turbulent spirites hear, I would not have sealed to this last deed;
+though you would have given me all my adventure and debte ready downe.
+Thus desiring y^e Lord to blesse & prosper you, I cease ever resting,
+
+  Your faithfull & loving friend,
+  to my power,
+  JAMES SHERLEY.
+
+  Des: 27.
+
+[The above letter was written on the reverse of page 154 of the original
+manuscript.]
+
+[CI] Peag.
+
+[CJ] 1629, May 25, the first letter concerning the former company of
+Leyden people.--_Prince._
+
+[CK] 1629-30, March 8th, the second letter concerning the latter company
+of Leyden people.--_Prince._
+
+[CL] This word is here substituted for _recovering_ in the manuscript,
+on the authority of Bradford's Letter-Book.
+
+[CM] This paragraph is written on the reverse of the page immediately
+preceding, in the original manuscript.
+
+[CN] _Fractions_ in the manuscript.
+
+[CO] Thomas Willett.
+
+[CP] 177 is omitted in MS.
+
+[CQ] Oporto, called by the Dutch _Port a port_.
+
+[CR] Hubbard, on page 101, notices the execution of Billington as taking
+place "about September" of this year. "The murtherer expected that,
+either for want of power to execute for capital offences, or for want of
+people to increase the plantation, he should have his life spared; but
+justice otherwise determined, and rewarded him, the first murtherer of
+his neighbour there, with the deserved punishment of death, for a
+warning to others." The first offence committed in the colony was by
+Billington, in 1621, who, for contempt of the Captain's lawful command,
+with opprobious speeches, was adjudged to have his neck and heels tied
+together. Prince, I. 103, from Bradford's pocket-book.
+
+[CS] This paragraph was written on the reverse of page 180 of the
+original manuscript, near this place.
+
+[CT] W^th in manuscript.
+
+[CU] This was about y^e selling y^e ship in Spaine.
+
+[CV] They were too short in resting on M^r. Hatherleys honest word, for
+his order to discharg them from y^e Friendship's accounte, when he and
+M^r. Allerton made y^e bargane with them, and they delivered them the
+rest of the goods; and therby gave them oppertunitie also to receive all
+the fraight of boath viages, without seeing an order (to have such
+power) under their hands in writing, which they never doubted of, seeing
+he affirmed he had power; and they both knew his honestie, and y^t he
+was spetially imployed for their agente at this time. And he was as
+shorte in resting on a verball order from them; which was now denyed,
+when it came to a perticuler of loss; but he still affirmed the same.
+But they were both now taught how to deale in y^e world, espetially with
+marchants, in such cases. But in y^e end this light upon these here
+also, for M^r. Allerton had gott all into his owne hand, and M^r.
+Hatherley was not able to pay it, except they would have uterlie undon
+him, as y^e sequell will manifest.
+
+[CW] This comission is abused; he never had any for shuch end, as they
+well knew, nether had they any to pay this money, nor would have paid a
+peny, if they had not pleased for some other respecte.
+
+[CX] _o_ in MS.
+
+[CY] The last two words not found in the MS. but obviously intended.
+
+[CZ] About y^e Whit-Angell they all mette at a certaine taverne in
+London, wher they had a diner prepared, and had a conference with a
+factore aboute selling of her in Spaine, or at Port a porte, as hath
+been before mentioned; as M^r. Hatherley manifested, & M^r. Allerton
+could not deney.
+
+[DA] Mr. Winslow deposed, y^e same time, before y^e Gov^r afore said,
+&c. that when he came into England, and the partners inquired of y^e
+success of y^e Whit Angell, which should have been laden w^th bass and
+so sent for Port. of Porting-gall, and their ship & goods to be sould;
+having informed them that they were like to faile in their lading of
+bass, that then M^r. James Sherley used these termes: Feck, we must make
+one accounte of all; and ther upon presed him, as agente for y^e
+partners in Neu-England, to accepte y^e said ship Whit-Angell, and her
+accounte, into y^e joynte partner-ship; which he refused, for many
+reasons; and after received instructions from New-Engl: to refuse her if
+she should be offered, which instructions he shewed them; and wheras he
+was often pressed to accept her, he ever refused her, &c.
+
+[DB] So as a while before, wheras their great care was how to pay the
+purchase, and those other few debts which were upon them, now it was
+with them as it was some times with Saule's father, who left careing for
+y^e Asses, and sorrowed for his sonn. 1. Sam. 10. 2. So that which
+before they looked at as a heavie burthen, they now esteeme but a small
+thing and a light mater, in comparison of what was now upon them. And
+thus y^e Lord oftentimes deals with his people to teach them, and humble
+them, that he may doe them good in y^e later end.
+
+[DC] This word is obscure in MS.
+
+[DD] The above paragraph was written on the reverse of page 188 of the
+original manuscript.
+
+[DE] The following account of Sir Christopher Gardiner, with the
+documents accompanying it, extending to page 357, does not appear in the
+text of the original manuscript,--having been perhaps inadvertently
+omitted,--but was written on the reverse of pages 189-191.
+
+[DF] That is, in the original manuscript.
+
+[DG] _Rea_-in the manuscript.
+
+[DH] This letter was written on the reverse of folio 192 of the original
+manuscript, and may be properly inserted here.
+
+[DI] March 22.
+
+[DJ] The skin was sold at 14^s. and 15. y^e pound.
+
+[DK] Ther was cause enough of these feares, which arise by y^e
+underworking of some enemies to y^e churches here, by which this
+Co[=m]ission following was procured from his Ma^tie. (See this paper in
+appendix, No. 11.)
+
+[DL] And y^e skin at 14^s.
+
+[DM] That is, "If you please."
+
+[DN] The two paragraphs above were written on the reverse of folios 202
+and 203 of the original manuscript, under this year.
+
+[DO] Blank in the original.
+
+[DP] _They_ in MS.
+
+[DQ] Before this word in the margin appears a capital _N_.
+
+[DR] Not correctly cast; it should be 12530^li.
+
+[DS] 119 in MS.
+
+[DT] Ther is little trust to be given to their relations in these
+things.
+
+[DU] 120 in MS.
+
+[DV] Mr John Reinor.
+
+[DW] But by this means they did furnish them, & have still continued to
+doe.
+
+[DX] _Be_ in manuscript.
+
+[DY] But y^ey were carried to y^e West-Indeas.
+
+[DZ] _They_ in the manuscript.
+
+[EA] But staid it till y^e next year.
+
+[EB] And yet afterwards they laid claime to those parts in the
+controversie about Seacunk.
+
+[EC] Being about 40^li.
+
+[ED] And devided betweene them.
+
+[EE] 130 in MS.
+
+[EF] Which is Charles River may still be questioned.
+
+[EG] This was but to pretend advantage, for it could not be done,
+neither did it need.
+
+[EH] M^r. Chancey came to them in y^e year 1638. and staid till y^e
+later part of this year 1641.
+
+[EI] A leaf is here wanting in the original manuscript, it having been
+cut out.
+
+[EJ] Exod: 21. 22. Deu: 19. 11. Num: 35. 16. 18.
+
+[EK] "Confident"?
+
+[EL] _8_ in MS.
+
+[EM] _Conti[=c]_ in MS.
+
+[EN] _Solicitations_ in MS.
+
+[EO] This he means of y^e first adventures, all which were lost, as hath
+before been shown; and what he here writs is probable at least.
+
+[EP] Being the conclusion, as will be seen, of page 252 of the original.
+
+[EQ] Perhaps _write_ for _wrote_.
+
+[ER] _The_ in the manuscript.
+
+[ES] This was a misterie to them, for they heard nothing hereof from any
+side y^e last year, till now y^e conclution was past, and bonds given.
+
+[ET] Substituted for _sundry_ on the authority of the original MS.
+Records.
+
+[EU] _Comander_ in the MS.
+
+[EV] Written 2 in MS.
+
+[EW] Who dyed 3. of Octob. 1655.
+
+[EX] The following memoranda are in a later hand.
+
+[EY] Obviously intended for Cushman.
+
+[EZ] See page 381. This document was written on the reverse of folio 201
+et seq. of the original manuscript, and for the sake of convenience is
+transferred to this place.
+
+[FA] A superfluous _and_ comes after "observed" in the manuscript.
+
+[FB] _Edwards_ in the manuscript.
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+Spelling is inconsistent and is left unchanged from the original
+printing of this book. The following are some common examples
+of questionable text.
+
+  Page 16
+  y^e not suffered to goe,
+  [they?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 24
+  any other riches whatsoever. And at lenght they came
+  [length?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 41
+  of our company to adyone him selfe; to the care & discretion
+  [adyone] possibly ajoin?
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 76
+  to rejecte y^e vioage. Judge therfore we beseech you indiferently
+  [voiage?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 84
+  to proceede on her viage. Those that went bak were
+  [voiage?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 98
+  who were salvages; but they fled from them, & ra[=n]e
+  [savages?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 113
+  and anone cursing his felows, saing he had done this
+  [anone] anyone?
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 156
+  and he would have borrowed a hh of corne of y^e Indeans,
+  hh is probably hogshead. Both 'h's have a bar thru the ascender.
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 208
+  somwaht blanke at it, but after some weeks, when
+  [somwaht?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 210
+  their doings & pactises hear; that it was evident they
+  [pactises?]
+  Unchanged
+
+  Page 214
+  this mische[=c]ous [mische[=e]ous]& most false slander: That because
+  Unable to tell from the image whether it is a 'c' or 'e'.
+  Left it as a [=c].
+
+  Page 304
+  And think not with 50^li. pound a yeare sent you over, to
+  Duplication of li and pound.
+  Unchanged
+
+  Page 351
+  maister & ye rest of y^e company were gone from
+  ye rather than y^e here.
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 371
+  of y^e season, and the fear y^e Indans were in of
+  [Indans?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 391
+  and y^e English Collonies, to right and defend them selves
+  [fight?]
+  Unchanged.
+
+  Page 416
+  knew to be an-English man, as also those y^t were
+  Odd use of hyphen.
+  Unchanged.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRADFORD'S HISTORY OF 'PLIMOTH
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