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+Project Gutenberg's Finnish Legends for English Children, by R. Eivind
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Finnish Legends for English Children
+
+Author: R. Eivind
+
+Release Date: March 29, 2008 [EBook #24948]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FINNISH LEGENDS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Joe Longo and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE CHILDREN'S LIBRARY
+
+[Illustration: Snail]
+
+
+FINNISH LEGENDS
+
+
+[Illustration: Witch & Moon]
+
+[Illustration: Butterfly]
+
+
+
+
+_THE CHILDREN'S LIBRARY._
+
+
+THE BROWN OWL.
+THE CHINA CUP.
+STORIES FROM FAIRYLAND.
+TALES FROM THE MABINOGION.
+THE STORY OF A PUPPET.
+THE LITTLE PRINCESS.
+IRISH FAIRY TALES.
+AN ENCHANTED GARDEN.
+LA BELLE NIVERNAISE.
+THE FEATHER.
+FINN AND HIS COMPANIONS.
+NUTCRACKER AND MOUSE-KING.
+THE PENTAMERONE.
+FINNISH LEGENDS.
+
+(_Others in the Press._)
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: FINNISH KOTA.]
+
+
+
+
+FINNISH LEGENDS
+FOR
+ENGLISH CHILDREN
+
+
+BY
+R. EIVIND
+
+
+_SEVEN ILLUSTRATIONS_
+
+
+LONDON
+T. FISHER UNWIN
+1893
+
+[Illustration: T. Fisher Unwin Printer's Mark]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+The following stories cover almost all of the songs of the Kalevala, the
+epic of the Finnish people. They will lead the English child into a new
+region in the fairy world, yet one where he will recognise many an old
+friend in a new form. The very fact that they _do_ open up a new portion
+of the world of the marvellous, will, it is hoped, render them all the
+more acceptable, and perhaps, when the child who reads them grows up to
+manhood, will inspire an actual interest in the race that has composed
+them.
+
+And this race and their land will repay study, for nowhere will one find
+a more beautiful land than Finland, nor a braver, truer, and more
+liberty-loving people than the Finns, although, alas, their love for
+liberty may soon be reduced to an apparently hopeless longing for a lost
+ideal. For the iron hand of Russian despotism has already begun to close
+on Finland with its relentless grasp, and, in spite of former oaths and
+promises from the Russian Tsars, the future of Finland looks blacker and
+blacker as time goes on. Yet it is often the unforeseen that happens,
+and let us trust that this may be so in Finland's case, and that a
+brighter future may soon dawn, and the dark clouds that now are
+threatening may be once more dispersed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In these stories Mr. T. M. Crawford's metrical translation of the
+Kalevala has been quite closely followed, even to the adoption of his
+Anglicised, or rather Anglo-Swedish, forms for proper names, though in
+some instances the original Finnish form has been reverted to. This was
+done reluctantly, but the actual Finnish forms would seem formidable to
+children in many instances, and would probably be pronounced even
+farther from the original than as they are given here. It is to be
+hoped, moreover, that those who may now read these stories will later
+on read an actual translation of the Kalevala, and this is an
+additional reason for adopting the terminology of the only English
+translation as yet made.[1]
+
+[1] A Finnish newspaper recently states that Mr. C. is now at work on an
+improved translation.
+
+As this book is only intended for children, it would be out of place to
+discuss the age, etc., of the Kalevala. Only it would seem proper to
+state, that while the incantations and some other portions of the text
+are certainly very old, some of them no doubt dating from a period prior
+to the separation of the Finns and Hungarians, yet, as Professor Yrjö
+Koskinen remarks, "The Kalevala in its present state is without doubt
+the work of the _Karelian_ tribe of Finns, and probably dates from
+_after_ their arrival in Northern and North-Western Russia." This will
+of itself largely justify the making _Kalevala_ synonymous with the
+present _Finland_, _Pohjola_ with the present Lapland, Karjala with the
+present _Karjala_ (Anglice, _Karelia_) in South-Eastern Finland, etc.
+But even if this were not so, yet the advantage of such localisation in
+a book for children is of itself obvious.
+
+As the land and people with which the stories are concerned is so
+unknown to English children, it has seemed best to have some sort of
+introduction and framework in which to present them, and therefore
+"Father Mikko" was chosen as the story-teller.
+
+If this little volume may in any degree awake some interest in the
+Finnish people its author will be amply satisfied, and its end will have
+been attained.
+
+R. EIVIND.
+
+_April 1893._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                    PAGE
+FATHER MIKKO                           1
+
+THE WORLD'S CREATION AND THE BIRTH
+  OF WAINAMOINEN                       8
+
+THE PLANTING OF THE TREES             11
+
+WAINAMOINEN AND YOUKAHAINEN           15
+
+AINO'S FATE                           21
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S SEARCH FOR AINO         28
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S UNLUCKY JOURNEY         32
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S RESCUE                  36
+
+THE RAINBOW-MAIDEN                    41
+
+ILMARINEN FORGES THE SAMPO            50
+
+LEMMINKAINEN AND KYLLIKKI             59
+
+KYLLIKKI'S BROKEN VOW                 64
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S SECOND WOOING          69
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S DEATH                  73
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S RESTORATION            77
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S BOAT-BUILDING           86
+
+WAINAMOINEN FINDS THE LOST WORDS      93
+
+THE RIVAL SUITORS                     99
+
+ILMARINEN'S WOOING                   106
+
+THE BREWING OF BEER                  111
+
+ILMARINEN'S WEDDING FEAST            118
+
+THE ORIGIN OF THE SERPENT            124
+
+THE UNWELCOME GUEST                  131
+
+THE ISLE OF REFUGE                   136
+
+THE FROST-FIEND                      144
+
+KULLERVO'S BIRTH                     151
+
+KULLERVO AND ILMARINEN'S WIFE        156
+
+KULLERVO'S LIFE AND DEATH            160
+
+ILMARINEN'S BRIDE OF GOLD            166
+
+ILMARINEN'S FRUITLESS WOOING         170
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S EXPEDITION AND THE
+  BIRTH OF THE KANTELE (HARP)        173
+
+THE CAPTURE OF THE SAMPO             181
+
+THE SAMPO IS LOST IN THE SEA         186
+
+THE BIRTH OF THE SECOND KANTELE      190
+
+LOUHI ATTEMPTS REVENGE               194
+
+LOUHI STEALS THE SUN, THE MOON, AND
+  FIRE                               199
+
+THE RESTORATION OF THE SUN AND MOON  205
+
+MARIATTA AND WAINAMOINEN'S DEPARTURE 210
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+TABLE OF PROPER NAMES WITH PRONUNCIATION
+
+
+_Ahti_ (ach´-tee). Another name for Lemminkainen.
+
+_Ahto_ (ach´-to). God of the sea.
+
+_Ainikki_ (aë´nik-kee). Sister of Lemminkainen.
+
+_Aino_ (aë´no). Sister of Youkahainen.
+
+_Annikki_ (an´-nik-kee). Sister of Ilmarinen.
+
+_Hisi_ (hee´-see). Evil spirit; also called Lempo.
+
+_Iku Turso_ (ee´-koo-tur´-so). A sea-monster.
+
+_Ilmarinen_ (il´-ma-ree´-nen). The famous smith.
+
+_Ilmatar_ (il´-ma-tar). A daughter of the ether, mother of
+    Wainamoinen.
+
+_Imatra_ (ee´-ma-tra). Celebrated waterfall on the river Wuoksi,
+    near Viborg.
+
+_Kalerwoinen_ (kal´-er-woi´-nen) (_or_ Kalervo). Father of Kullervo.
+
+_Kalevala_ (ka´-lay-va´-la). The land of heroes. The home of
+    the Finns. The name of the Finnish epic poem.
+
+_Karjala_ (kar´-ya-la). The home of a Finnish tribe--a portion of
+    Finland (called also _Karelen_ in Swedish).
+
+_Kullervo_ (kul´-ler-vo). Slayer of the Rainbow-maiden.
+
+_Kura_ (ku´-ra). Ahti's companion to the Northland.
+
+_Lakko_ (lak´-ko). Ilmarinen's mother.
+
+_Lemminkainen_ (lem´-min-kaë´-nen). Also called _Ahti_. Son of
+    _Lempo_.
+
+_Lempo_ (lem´-po). Same as _Hisi_; also the father of Lemminkainen.
+
+_Louhi_ (loo´-chee). Mistress of Pohjola.
+
+_Lowjatar_ (low´-ya-tar). Tuoni's daughter; mother of the nine
+    diseases.
+
+_Lylikki_ (ly´-lik-kee). Maker of snow-shoes in Pohjola.
+
+_Mana_ (ma´-na). Also called Tuoni; god of death.
+
+_Manala_ (ma´-na-la). Also called Tuonela; the abode of Mana;
+    the Deathland.
+
+_Mariatta_ (Mar´-iat´-ta). The virgin mother of Wainamoinen's
+    conqueror.
+
+_Mielikki_ (meay´-lik-kee). The forest-goddess.
+
+_Osmotar_ (os´-mo-tar). The wise maiden who first made beer.
+
+_Otso_ (ot´-so). The bear.
+
+_Piltti_ (pilt´-tee). Mariatta's maid-servant.
+
+_Pohjola_ (poch´-yo-la). The Northland.
+
+_Ruotus_ (ru-o´-tus). A man who gives Mariatta shelter in his
+    stable.
+
+_Sampo_ (sam´-po). The magic mill forged by Ilmarinen, which
+    brought wealth and happiness to its possessor.
+
+_Suonetar_ (swo´-ne-tar). The goddess of the veins.
+
+_Suoyatar_ (swo´-ya-tar). The mother of the serpent.
+
+_Tapio_ (ta´-pe-o). The forest-god.
+
+_Tuonela_ (tuo´-nay-la). The abode of Tuoni; the Deathland; Manala.
+
+_Tuonetar_ (tuo´-nay-tar). The goddess of Tuonela.
+
+_Tuoni_ (tuo´-nee). The god of the Deathland; Mana.
+
+_Ukko_ (uk´-k(o). The greatest god of the Finns.
+
+_Untamo_ (un´-ta-mo). Kalervo's brother.
+
+_Wainamoinen_ (waë´-na-moy´-nen). The chief hero of the
+    Kalevala; son of Kapé.
+
+_Wipunen_ (wi´-pu-nen). The dead magician from whom Wainamoinen
+    obtained the three lost words.
+
+_Wirokannas_ (wee´-ro-kan´-nas). The priest who baptized
+    Mariatta's son.
+
+_Wuoksi_ (wuok´-see). A river in South-Eastern Finland, connecting
+    Lakes Saima and Ladoga.
+
+_Youkahainen_ (yoo´-ka-chaë´-nen). A great minstrel and magician
+    of Pohjola.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Remarks.--The Finnish _h_ is pronounced as a guttural; nearly as Ger.
+_ch_ in _ich_. This is represented by _ch_ in the above list.
+
+Every vowel should be pronounced by itself--not run together so as to
+make a totally different resultant sound, _e.g._ _Aino_ should be
+pronounced not _i-no_, but _a´-ee-no_, the _a_ and _ee_
+being close together, with the greatest stress upon the _a_, etc.
+
+_i_ corresponds to English _y_ in _year_.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+FINNISH KOTA                _Frontispiece_
+
+SLEIGHING IN FINLAND      _Facing page_ 7
+
+INTERIOR OF LAPP HUT           "       37
+
+A LAPLAND WIZARD               "       93
+
+LAPP WOMEN IN HOLIDAY COSTUME  "      118
+
+MIMI IN HOLIDAY DRESS          "      151
+
+A WATERFALL                    "      181
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FATHER MIKKO
+
+
+Far up in the ice-bound north, where the sun is almost invisible in
+winter, and where the summer nights are bright as day, there lies a land
+which we call Finland; but the people who live there call it _Suomenmaa_
+now, and long, long ago they used to call it _Kalevala_ (which means the
+_land of heroes_). And north of Finland lies Lapland, which the Finns
+now call _Lappi_, but in the olden days they called it Pohjola (that is,
+_Northland_). There the night lasts for whole weeks and months about
+Christmas, and in the summer again they have no night at all for many
+weeks. For more than half the year their country is wrapped in snow and
+frost, and yet they are both of them a kind-hearted people, and among
+the most honest and truthful in the world.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+One dark winter's day an old man was driving in a sledge through the fir
+forest in the northern part of Finland. He was so well wrapped up in
+sheep-skin robes that he looked more like a huge bundle of rugs, with a
+cord round the middle, than anything else, and the great white
+sheep-skin cap which he wore hid all the upper part of his face, while
+the lower part was buried in the high collar of his coat. All one could
+see was a pair of bright blue eyes with frost-fringed eyelashes,
+blinking at the snow that was thrown up every now and then by his
+horse's feet.
+
+He was a travelling merchant from away up in the north-western part of
+Russia, and had been in southern Finland to sell his wares, at the
+winter fairs that are held every year in the Finnish towns and villages.
+Now he was on his way home, and had come up through Kuopio, and had got
+on past Kajana already, but now it had just begun to snow, and as the
+storm grew worse, he pressed on to reach the cabin of a friend who lived
+not far ahead; and he intended to stay there until the storm should
+subside and the weather be fit for travelling once more.
+
+It was not long before he reached the cabin, and getting out of his
+sledge slowly, being stiff from the cold and the cramped position, he
+knocked on the door with his whip-handle. It was opened at once, and he
+was invited in without even waiting to see who it was, and was given the
+welcome that is always given in that country to a wearied traveller. But
+when he had taken his wraps off there was a general cry of recognition,
+and a second even more hearty welcome.
+
+'Welcome, Father Mikko!'
+
+'What good fortune has brought you hither?'
+
+'Come up to the fire,' and a chorus of cries from two little children,
+who greeted 'Pappa Mikko' with delight as an old and welcome
+acquaintance. Then the father of the family went out and attended to
+Father Mikko's horse and sledge, and in a few minutes was back again and
+joined the old man by the fire. Next his wife brought out the
+brandy-bottle and two glasses, and after her husband had filled them, he
+and Father Mikko drank each other's health very formally, for that is
+the first thing one must do when a guest comes in that country. You must
+touch your glass against your friend's, and say 'good health,' and
+raising it to your lips drink it straight off, and all the time you must
+look each other straight in the eyes.
+
+When this important formality was finished the four members of the
+family and Father Mikko made themselves comfortable around the fire,
+and they began to ask him how things had prospered with him since they
+had seen him last, and to tell him about themselves--how Erik, the
+father of the family, had been sick, and the harvest had been extra good
+that year, and one of the cows had a calf, and all the things that
+happen to people in the country.
+
+And then he told them of what was going on in the towns where he had
+been, and how every one was beginning to get ready for Christmas. And he
+turned to the two little children and told them about the children in
+the towns--how they had had such a lovely time at 'Little Christmas,'[2]
+at the house he was staying in. How the little ones had a tiny little
+tree with wee wax candles on it exactly like the big tree they were to
+have at Christmas, and how, when he left, all the children had begun to
+be impatient for Christmas Eve, with its presents and Christmas fish and
+porridge.
+
+[2] A children's festival about one week before the real Christmas.
+
+After the old man had ended his account it was dinner-time, and they all
+ate with splendid appetites, while Father Mikko declared that the
+herring and potatoes and rye-bread and beer made a far better dinner
+than any he had had in the big cities in the south--not even in
+Helsingfors had he had a better. Then when dinner was over, and they
+had all gathered round the fire again, little Mimi climbed up into
+'Pappa Mikko's' lap, and begged him to tell them '_all_ the stories he
+had ever heard, from the very beginning of the world all the way down.'
+And her father and mother joined with her in her request, for in their
+land even the grown-up people have not become too grand to listen to
+stories. As for the little boy, Antero, he was too shy to say anything;
+but he was so much interested to hear 'Pappa Mikko' that he actually
+forgot to nibble away at a piece of candy which 'Pappa Mikko' had
+brought from St. Michel.
+
+The old man smiled, for he was always asked for stories wherever he
+went--he was a famous story-teller--and, stroking little Mimi's hair
+gently, he looked at the group around the fire before replying. There
+was Erik, the father, a broad-shouldered man, with a dark,
+weather-beaten face and rather a sad look, as so many of his countrymen
+have. His face showed that his struggle in the world had not been easy,
+for he had to be working from the time he got up until he went to bed;
+and then when the harvest had been bad, and the winter much longer than
+usual, and everything seemed to go wrong--ah! it was so hard then to see
+the mother and the little ones have only bark-bread to eat, and not
+always enough of that, and one winter they had had nothing else for
+months. Erik wouldn't have minded for himself, but for them ...! Ah
+well, that was all over now; he had been able at last to save up a
+little sum of money, and the harvests were extra good this year, and he
+had bought Mother Stina a cloak for Christmas! Just think of it--a fine
+cloak, all the way from the fair at Kuopio!
+
+And next to Erik sat his wife Stina, a short, fat little woman, with
+such a merry face and happy-looking eyes that you could hardly believe
+that she had lived on anything but the best herring and potatoes and
+rye-bread all her life. Close by her side was her little boy Antero, who
+was only seven years old, and in his eagerness for the stories to
+commence he still held his piece of candy in his hand without tasting
+it.
+
+Then there was little Mimi in Father Mikko's lap. She was nearly ten
+years old, and was not a pretty little girl; but she had very lovely
+soft brown eyes and curly flaxen hair, and a quiet, demure manner of her
+own, and her mother declared that when she grew up she would be able to
+spin and weave and cook better than any other girl in the parish, and
+that the young man that should get her Mimi for a wife would get a real
+treasure.
+
+[Illustration: SLEIGHING IN FINLAND.]
+
+And lastly, there was Father Mikko himself, an old man over sixty, yet
+strong and hearty, with a long gray beard and gray hair, and eyes
+that fairly twinkled with good humour. You could hardly see his mouth
+for his beard and moustache, and certainly his nose _was_ a little too
+small and turned up at the end to be exactly handsome, and his
+cheek-bones _did_ stand out a little too high; but yet everybody, young
+and old, liked him, and his famous stories made him a welcome guest
+wherever he came.
+
+So Father Mikko lit his queer little pipe, and settled down comfortably
+with Mimi in his lap, and a glass of beer at his side to refresh himself
+with when he grew weary of talking. There was only the firelight in the
+room, and as the flames roared up the chimney they cast a warm, cosy
+light over the whole room, and made them all feel so comfortable that
+they thanked God in their hearts in their simple way, because they had
+so many blessings and comforts when such a storm was raging outside that
+it shook the house and drifted the snow up higher than the doors and
+windows.
+
+Then Father Mikko began, and this is the first story that he told them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE WORLD'S CREATION AND THE BIRTH OF WAINAMOINEN
+
+
+Long, long ago, before this world was made, there lived a lovely maiden
+called Ilmatar, the daughter of the Ether. She lived in the air--there
+were only air and water then--but at length she grew tired of always
+being in the air, and came down and floated on the surface of the water.
+Suddenly, as she lay there, there came a mighty storm-wind, and poor
+Ilmatar was tossed about helplessly on the waves, until at length the
+wind died down and the waves became still, and Ilmatar, worn out by the
+violence of the tempest, sank beneath the waters.
+
+Then a magic spell overpowered her, and she swam on and on vainly
+seeking to rise above the waters, but always unable to do so. Seven
+hundred long weary years she swam thus, until one day she could not bear
+it any longer, and cried out: 'Woe is me that I have fallen from my
+happy home in the air, and cannot now rise above the surface of the
+waters. O great Ukko,[3] ruler of the skies, come and aid me in my
+sorrow!'
+
+[3] The chief god of the Finns before they became Christians.
+
+No sooner had she ended her appeal to Ukko than a lovely duck flew down
+out of the sky, and hovered over the waters looking for a place to
+alight; but it found none. Then Ilmatar raised her knees above the
+water, so that the duck might rest upon them; and no sooner did the duck
+spy them than it flew towards them and, without even stopping to rest,
+began to build a nest upon them.
+
+When the nest was finished, the duck laid in it six golden eggs, and a
+seventh of iron, and sat upon them to hatch them. Three days the duck
+sat on the eggs, and all the while the water around Ilmatar's knees grew
+hotter and hotter, and her knees began to burn as if they were on fire.
+The pain was so great that it caused her to tremble all over, and her
+quivering shook the nest off her knees, and the eggs all fell to the
+bottom of the ocean and broke in pieces. But these pieces came together
+into two parts and grew to a huge size, and the upper one became the
+arched heavens above us, and the lower one our world itself. From the
+white part of the egg came the moonbeams, and from the yolk the bright
+sunshine.
+
+At last the unfortunate Ilmatar was able to raise her head out of the
+waters, and she then began to create the land. Wherever she put her hand
+there arose a lovely hill, and where she stepped she made a lake. Where
+she dived below the surface are the deep places of the ocean, where she
+turned her head towards the land there grew deep bays and inlets, and
+where she floated on her back she made the hidden rocks and reefs where
+so many ships and lives have been lost. Thus the islands and the rocks
+and the firm land were created.
+
+After the land was made Wainamoinen was born, but he was not born a
+child, but a full-grown man, full of wisdom and magic power. For seven
+whole years he swam about in the ocean, and in the eighth he left the
+water and stepped upon the dry land. Thus was the birth of Wainamoinen,
+the wonderful magician.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Ah!' said little Mimi, with a sigh of relief, 'I was afraid you weren't
+going to tell us about Wainamoinen at all.'
+
+And then Father Mikko went on again.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE PLANTING OF THE TREES
+
+
+Wainamoinen lived for many years upon the island on which he had first
+landed from the sea, pondering how he should plant the trees and make
+the mighty forests grow. At length he thought of Sampsa, the first-born
+son of the plains, and he sent for him to do the sowing. So Sampsa came
+and scattered abroad the seeds of all the trees and plants that are now
+on the earth,--firs and pine-trees on the hills, alders, lindens, and
+willows in the lowlands, and bushes and hawthorn in the secluded nooks.
+
+Soon all the trees had grown up and become great forests, and the
+hawthorns were covered with berries. Only the acorn lay quiet in the
+ground and refused to sprout. Wainamoinen watched seven days and nights
+to see if it would begin to grow, but it lay perfectly still. Just then
+he saw ocean maidens on the shore, cutting grass and raking it into
+heaps. And as he watched them there came a great giant out of the sea
+and pressed the heaps into such tight bundles that the grass caught fire
+and burnt to ashes. Then the giant took an acorn and planted it in the
+ashes, and almost instantly it began to sprout, and a tree shot up and
+grew and grew until it became a mighty oak, whose top was far above the
+clouds, and whose branches shut out the light of the Sun and the Moon
+and the stars.
+
+When Wainamoinen saw how the oak had shut off all the light from the
+earth, he was as deeply perplexed how to get rid of it, as he had been
+before to make it grow. So he prayed to his mother Ilmatar to grant him
+power to overthrow this mighty tree, so that the sun might shine once
+more on the plains of Kalevala.
+
+No sooner had he asked Ilmatar for help than there stepped out of the
+sea a tiny man no bigger than one's finger, dressed in cap, gloves, and
+clothes of copper, and carrying a small copper hatchet in his belt.
+Wainamoinen asked him who he was, and the tiny man replied: 'I am a
+mighty ocean-hero, and am come to cut down the oak-tree.' But
+Wainamoinen began to laugh at the idea of so little a man being able to
+cut down so huge a tree.
+
+But even while Wainamoinen was laughing, the dwarf grew all at once
+into a great giant, whose head was higher than the clouds, and whose
+long beard fell down to his knees. The giant began to whet his axe on a
+huge piece of rock, and before he had finished he had worn out six
+blocks of the hardest rock and seven of the softest sandstone. Then he
+strode up to the tree and began to cut it down. When the third blow had
+fallen the fire flew from his axe and from the tree; and before he had
+time to strike a fourth blow, the tree tottered and fell, covering the
+whole earth, north, south, east, and west, with broken fragments. And
+those who picked up pieces of the branches received good fortune; those
+who found pieces of the top became mighty magicians; and those who found
+the leaves gained lasting happiness.
+
+And then the sunlight came once more to Kalevala, and all things grew
+and flourished, only the barley had not yet been planted. Now
+Wainamoinen had found seven magic barley-grains as he was wandering on
+the seashore one day, and he took these and was about to plant them; but
+the titmouse stopped him, saying: 'The magic barley will not grow unless
+thou first cut down and burn the forest, and then plant the seeds in the
+wood-ashes.'
+
+So Wainamoinen cut down the trees as the titmouse had said, only he
+left the birch-trees standing. After all the rest were cut down an
+eagle flew down, and, alighting on a birch-tree, asked why all the
+others had been destroyed, but the birches left. And Wainamoinen
+answered that he had left them for the birds to build their nests on,
+and for the eagle to rest on, and for the sacred cuckoo to sit in and
+sing. The eagle was so pleased at this that he kindled a fire amongst
+the other trees for Wainamoinen, and they were all burnt except the
+birches.
+
+Wainamoinen then brought forth the seven magic barley-seeds from his
+skin-pouch, and sowed them in the ashes, and as he sowed he prayed to
+great Ukko to send warm rains from the south to make the seeds sprout.
+And the rain came, and the barley grew so fast that in seven days the
+crop was almost ripe.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN AND YOUKAHAINEN
+
+
+Thus Wainamoinen finished his labours and began to lead a happy life on
+the plains of Kalevala. He passed his evenings singing of the deeds of
+days gone by and stories of the creation, until his fame as a great
+singer spread far and wide in all directions.
+
+At this time, far off in the dismal Northland, there lived a young and
+famous singer and magician named Youkahainen. He was sitting one day at
+a feast with his friends, when some one came and told about the famous
+singer Wainamoinen, and how he was a sweeter singer and a more powerful
+magician than any one else in the world. This filled Youkahainen's heart
+with envy, and he vowed to hasten off to the south and to enter into a
+contest with Wainamoinen to see if he could not beat him.
+
+His mother tried to persuade him not to go, but in vain, and he made
+ready for the journey, declaring that he would sing such magic songs as
+would turn old Wainamoinen into stone. Then he brought out his noble
+steed and harnessed him to a golden sledge, and then jumping in, he gave
+the steed a cut with his pearl-handled whip, and dashed off towards
+Kalevala. On the evening of the third day he drew near to Wainamoinen's
+home, and there he met Wainamoinen himself driving along the highway.
+
+Now Youkahainen was too proud to turn out of the road for any one, and
+so their sledges dashed together and were smashed to pieces, and the
+harnesses became all twisted up together. Then Wainamoinen said: 'Who
+art thou, O foolish youth, that thou drivest so badly that thou hast run
+into my sledge and broken it to pieces?' And Youkahainen answered
+proudly: 'I am Youkahainen, and have come hither to beat the old
+magician Wainamoinen in singing and in magic.'
+
+Wainamoinen then told him who he was, and accepted the challenge, and so
+the contest began. But Youkahainen soon found that he was no match for
+his opponent, and at length he cried out in anger: 'If I cannot beat
+thee at singing and in magic, at least I can conquer thee with my bright
+sword.'
+
+Wainamoinen answered that he would not fight so weak an opponent, and
+then Youkahainen declared that he was a coward and afraid to fight. At
+last these taunts made Wainamoinen so angry that he could not restrain
+himself any longer, and he began to sing. He sang such wondrous spells
+that the mountains and the rocks began to tremble, and the sea was
+upheaved as if by a great storm. Youkahainen stood transfixed, and as
+Wainamoinen went on singing his sledge was changed to brushwood and the
+reins to willow branches, the pearl-handled whip became a reed, and his
+steed was transformed into a rock in the water, and all the harness into
+seaweed. And still the old magician sang his magic spells, and
+Youkahainen's gaily-painted bow became a rainbow in the sky, his
+feathered arrows flew away as hawks and eagles, and his dog was turned
+to a stone at his feet. His cap turned into a curling mist, his clothing
+into white clouds, and his jewel-set girdle into stars.
+
+And at length the spell began to take effect on Youkahainen himself.
+Slowly, slowly he felt himself sinking into a quicksand, and all his
+struggles to escape were in vain. When he had sunk up to his waist he
+began to beg for mercy, and cried out: 'O great Wainamoinen, thou art
+the greatest of all magicians. Release me, I beg, from this quicksand,
+and I will give thee two magic bows. One is so strong that only the very
+strongest men can draw it, and the other a child can shoot.'
+
+But Wainamoinen refused the bows and sank Youkahainen still deeper. And
+as he sank, Youkahainen kept begging for mercy, and offering first two
+magic boats, and then two magic steeds that could carry any burden, and
+finally all his gold and silver and his harvests, but Wainamoinen would
+not even listen to him. At length Youkahainen had sunk so far that his
+mouth began to be filled with water and mud, and he cried out as a last
+hope: 'O mighty Wainamoinen, if thou wilt release me I will give thee my
+sister Aino as thy bride.'
+
+This was the ransom that Wainamoinen had been waiting for, for Aino was
+famous for her beauty and loveliness of character, and so he released
+poor Youkahainen and gave him back his sledge and everything just as it
+had been before. And when it was all ready Youkahainen jumped into it
+and drove off home without saying a word.
+
+When he reached home he drove so carelessly that his sledge was broken
+to pieces against the gate-posts, and he left the broken sledge there
+and walked straight into the house with hanging head, and at first
+would not answer any of his family's questions. At length he said:
+'Dearest mother, there is cause enough for my grief, for I have had to
+promise the aged Wainamoinen my dear sister Aino as his bride.' But his
+mother arose joyfully and clapped her hands and said: 'That is no reason
+to be sad, my dear son, for I have longed for many years that this very
+thing should happen--that Aino should have so brave and wise a husband
+as Wainamoinen.'
+
+So the mother told the news to Aino, but when she heard it she wept for
+three whole days and nights and refused to be comforted, saying to her
+mother: 'Why should this great sorrow come to me, dear mother, for now I
+shall no longer be able to adorn my golden hair with jewels, but must
+hide it all beneath the ugly cap that wives have to wear. All the golden
+sunshine and the silver moonlight will go from my life.'
+
+But her mother tried to comfort her by telling her that the sun and moon
+would shine even more brightly in her new home than in her old, and that
+Kalevala was a land of flowers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'I think Aino was very stupid not to want to leave that horrid Lapland,'
+said Mimi; 'but then I suppose she didn't know what a beautiful country
+ours is,' she added thoughtfully.
+
+Here Antero, who only cared for the stories, mustered up enough courage
+to ask Pappa Mikko to go on, which the old man did at once.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+AINO'S FATE
+
+
+The next morning the lovely Aino went early to the forest to gather
+birch shoots and tassels. After she had finished gathering them she
+hastened off towards home, but as she was going along the path near the
+border of the woods she met Wainamoinen, who began thus:
+
+'Aino, fairest maid of the north, do not wear thy gold and pearls for
+others, but only for me; wear for me alone thy golden tresses.'
+
+'Not for thee,' Aino replied, 'nor for others either, will I wear my
+jewels. I need them no longer; I would rather wear the plainest clothing
+and live upon a crust of bread, if only I might live for ever with my
+mother.'
+
+And as she said this she tore off her jewels and the ribbons from her
+hair, and threw them from her into the bushes, and then she hurried
+home, weeping. At the door of the dairy sat her mother, skimming milk.
+When she saw Aino weeping she asked her what it was that troubled her.
+Aino, in reply, told her all that had happened in the forest, and how
+she had thrown away from her all her ornaments.
+
+Her mother, to comfort her, told her to go to a hill-top near by and
+open the storehouse there, and there in the largest room, in the largest
+box in that room, she would find six golden girdles and seven
+rainbow-tinted dresses, made by the daughters of the Moon and of the
+Sun. 'When I was young,' her mother said, 'I was out upon the hills one
+day seeking berries. And by chance I overheard the daughters of the Sun
+and Moon as they were weaving and spinning upon the borders of the
+clouds above the fir-forest. I went nearer to them, and crept up on a
+hill within speaking distance of them. Then I began to beseech them,
+saying: "Give some of your silver, lovely daughters of the Moon, to a
+poor but worthy maid; and I beg you, daughters of the Sun, give me some
+of your gold." And then the Moon's daughters gave me silver from their
+treasure, and the Sun's daughters gave me gold that I might adorn my
+hair and forehead. I hastened joyfully home with my treasures to my
+mother's house, and for three days I wore them. Then I took them off
+and laid them in boxes, and I have never seen them since. But now, my
+daughter, go and adorn thyself with gold and silk ribbons; put a
+necklace of pearls around thy neck, and a golden cross upon thy bosom;
+dress thyself in pure white linen; put on the richest frock that is
+there and tie it with a belt of gold; put silk stockings on thy feet and
+the finest of shoes. Then come back to us that we may admire thee, for
+thou wilt be more beautiful than the sunlight, more lovely than the
+moonbeams.'
+
+But Aino would not be consoled, and kept on weeping. 'How happy I was in
+my childhood,' she sang, 'when I used to roam the fields and gather
+flowers, but now my heart is full of grief and all my life is filled
+with darkness. It would have been better for me if I had died a
+child;--then my mother would have wept a little, and my father and
+sisters and brothers mourned a little while, and then all their sorrow
+would have been ended.'
+
+Aino wept for three days more, and then her mother once more asked her
+why she wept so, and Aino replied: 'I weep, O mother, because thou hast
+promised me to the aged Wainamoinen, to be his comforter and caretaker
+in his old age. Far better if thou hadst sent me to the bottom of the
+sea, to live with the fishes and to become a mermaid and ride on the
+waves. This had been far better than to be an old man's slave and
+darling.'
+
+When she had said this she left her mother and hastened to the
+storehouse on the hill. There she opened the largest box and took off
+six lids, and at the bottom found six golden belts and seven silk
+dresses. She chose the best of all the treasures there and adorned
+herself like a queen, with rings and jewels and gold ornaments of every
+sort.
+
+When she was fully arrayed she left the storehouse and wandered over
+fields and meadows and on through the dim and gloomy fir-forest, singing
+as she went: 'Woe is me, poor broken-hearted Aino! My grief is so heavy
+that I can no longer live. I must leave this earth and go to Manala, the
+country of departed spirits. Father, mother, brothers, sisters, weep for
+me no longer, for I am going to live beneath the sea, in the lovely
+grottos, on a couch of sea-moss.'
+
+For three long weary days Aino wandered, and as the cold night came on
+she at last reached the seashore. There she sank down, weary, on a rock,
+and sat there alone in the black night, listening to the solemn music of
+the wind and the waves, as they sang her funeral melody. When at last
+the day dawned Aino beheld three water-maidens sitting on a rock by the
+sea. She hastened to them, weeping, and then began to take off all her
+ornaments and lay them carefully away. When at length she had laid all
+her gold and silver decorations on the ground, she took the ribbons from
+her hair and hung them in a tree, and then laid her silken dress over
+one of the branches and plunged into the sea. At a distance she saw a
+lovely rock of all the colours of the rainbow, shining in the golden
+sunlight. She swam up and climbed upon it to rest. But suddenly the rock
+began to sway, and with a loud crash it fell to the bottom of the sea,
+carrying with it the unhappy Aino. And as she sank down she sang a last
+sad farewell to all her dear ones at home--a song that was so sweet and
+mournful that the wild beasts heard it, and were so touched by it that
+they resolved to send a messenger to tell her parents what had happened.
+
+So the animals held a council, and first the bear was proposed as
+messenger, but they were afraid he would eat the cattle. Next came the
+wolf, but they feared that he might eat the sheep. Then the fox was
+proposed, but then he might eat the chickens. So at length the hare was
+chosen to bear the sad tidings, and he promised to perform his office
+faithfully.
+
+He ran like the wind, and soon reached Aino's home. There he found no
+one in the house, but on going to the door of the bath-cabin he found
+some servants there making birch brooms. They had no sooner caught sight
+of him than they threatened to roast him and eat him, but he replied:
+'Do not think I have come hither to let you roast me. For I come with
+sad tidings to tell you of the flight of Aino and how she died. The
+rainbow-coloured stone sank with her to the bottom of the sea, and she
+perished, singing like a lovely song-bird. There she sleeps in the
+caverns at the bottom of the sea, and on the shore she has left her
+silken dress and all her gold and jewels.'
+
+When these tidings came to her mother the bitter tears poured from her
+eyes, and she sang, 'O all other mothers, listen: never try to force
+your daughters from the house they long to stay in, unto husbands whom
+they love not. Thus I drove away my daughter, Aino, fairest in the
+Northland.'
+
+Singing thus she sat and wept, and the tears trickled down until they
+reached her shoes, and began to flow out over the ground. Here they
+formed three little streams, which flowed on and grew larger and larger
+until they became roaring torrents, and in each torrent was a great
+waterfall. And in the midst of the waterfalls rose three huge rocky
+pillars, and on the rocks were three green hills, and on each of the
+hills was a birch-tree, and on each tree sat a cuckoo. And all three
+sang together. And the first one sang 'Love! O Love!' for three whole
+moons, mourning for the dead maiden. And the second sang 'Suitor!
+Suitor!' wailing six long moons for the unhappy suitor. And the third
+sang sadly 'Consolation! Consolation!' never ending all his life long
+for the comfort of the broken-hearted mother.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mother Stina looked at little Mimi very solemnly when this story was
+ended, as if she wondered whether she herself would ever need to take to
+heart the warning of Aino's mother. But no one said anything, and Father
+Mikko continued on with the next story.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S SEARCH FOR AINO
+
+
+When the news reached Wainamoinen he began to weep most bitterly, and
+the tears fell all that day and night; but the next day he hastened to
+the water's edge and prayed to the god of dreams to tell him where the
+water-gods dwelt. And the dream-god answered him lazily, and told him
+where the island was around which the sea-gods and the mermaids lived.
+
+Then Wainamoinen hastened to his boat-house, and chose a copper boat,
+and in it placed fishing lines and hooks and nets, and when all was
+ready he rowed off swiftly towards the forest-covered island which the
+dream-god had told him of. No sooner had he arrived there than he began
+to fish, using a line of silver and a hook of gold. But for many days he
+fished in vain, yet still he persevered. At last one day a wondrous
+fish was caught, and it played about and struggled a long time until at
+length it was exhausted, and the hero landed it in the boat.
+
+When Wainamoinen saw it he was astonished at its beauty, but after
+gazing at it for some time he drew out his knife and was about to cut it
+up ready for eating. But no sooner had he touched the fish with his
+knife than it leapt from the bottom of the boat and dived under the
+water. Then it rose again out of his reach and said to him: 'O ancient
+minstrel, I did not come hither to be eaten by thee, merely to give thee
+food for a day.'
+
+'Why didst thou come then?' asked Wainamoinen.
+
+'I came, O minstrel, to rest in thine arms and to be thy companion and
+wife for ever,' the fish replied; 'to keep thy home in order and to do
+whatever thou pleased. For I am not a fish; I am no salmon of the
+Northern Seas, but Youkahainen's youngest sister. I am the one thou wert
+fishing for--Aino, whom thou lovest. Once thou wert wise, but now art
+foolish, cruel. Thou didst not know enough to keep me, but wouldst eat
+me for thy dinner!'
+
+Then Wainamoinen begged her to return to him, but the fish replied:
+'Nevermore will Aino's spirit come to thee to be so treated,' and as it
+spoke the fish dived out of sight.
+
+Still Wainamoinen did not give up, but took out his nets and began
+dragging the waters. And he dragged all the waters in the lands of
+Lapland and of Kalevala, and caught fish of every sort, only Aino, now
+the water-maiden, never came into his net. 'Fool that I am,' he said at
+length, 'surely I was once wise, had at least a bit of wisdom, but now
+all my power has left me. For I have had Aino in my boat, but did not
+know until too late that I had even caught her.' And with these words he
+gave up his search and set off to his home in Kalevala. And on his way
+he mourned that the joyous song of the sacred cuckoo had ceased, and he
+sang: 'I shall never learn the secret how to live and prosper. If only
+my ancient mother were still living, she could give me good advice that
+this sorrow might leave me.'
+
+Then his mother awoke from her tomb in the depths and spoke to him: 'Thy
+mother was but sleeping, and I'll now advise thee how this sorrow may
+pass over. Go at once to the Northland, where dwell wise and lovely
+maidens, far lovelier than Aino. Take one of them for thy wife; she will
+make thee happy and be an honour to thy home.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'I don't think he had much of a heart if he could be consoled so easily
+as all that,' said Mother Stina, a little indignantly.
+
+'Wait and you shall see,' said old Father Mikko with a smile; and he
+continued.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S UNLUCKY JOURNEY
+
+
+Wainamoinen made ready for a journey to the Northland, to the land of
+cold winters and of little sunshine, where he was to seek a wife. He
+saddled his swift steed, and mounting, started towards the north. On and
+on he went upon his magic steed, galloping over the plains of Kalevala.
+And when he came to the shores of the wide sea, he did not halt, but
+galloped on over the water without even so much as wetting a hoof of his
+magic courser.
+
+But wicked Youkahainen hated Wainamoinen for what he had done when he
+defeated him in magic, and so he made ready a bow of steel. He painted
+it with many bright colours and trimmed it with gold and silver and
+copper. Then he chose the strongest sinews from the stag, and at length
+the great bow was ready. On the back was painted a courser, at each end
+a colt, near the bend a sleeping maiden, near the notch a running hare.
+And after that he cut some arrows out of oak, put tips of sharpened
+copper on them, and five feathers on the end. Then he hardened the
+arrows and steeped them in the blood of snakes and the poison of the
+adder to give them magic power.
+
+When all was ready Youkahainen went out to wait for his enemy. For many
+days and nights he watched in vain, but still he did not weary, and at
+last one day at dawn he saw what seemed to be a black cloud on the
+waters. But by his magic art he knew that it was Wainamoinen on his
+magic steed. Then he went after his bow, but his mother stopped him and
+asked him whom he meant to shoot with his bow and poisoned arrows.
+Youkahainen replied: 'I have made this mighty bow and these poisoned
+arrows for the old magician Wainamoinen, that I may destroy my rival.'
+
+His mother reproved him, saying, 'If thou slayest Wainamoinen all our
+joy will vanish, all the singing and music will die with him. It is
+better that we have his magic music in this world than to have it all go
+to the underground world Manala, where the spirits of the dead dwell.'
+
+Youkahainen hesitated for a moment, but then envy and hatred filled his
+heart, and he replied: 'Even though all joy and pleasure vanish from the
+world, yet will I shoot this rival singer, let the end be what it will.'
+
+With these words he hastened out and took his stand in a thicket near
+the shore. He chose the three strongest arrows from his quiver, and
+selecting the best among these three, he laid it against the string and
+aimed at Wainamoinen's heart. And as he still waited for him to come
+nearer, he sang this incantation: 'Be elastic, bow-string mine, swiftly
+fly, O oaken arrow, swift as light, O poisoned arrow, to the heart of
+Wainamoinen. If my hand too low shall aim thee, may the gods direct thee
+higher. If mine eye too high shall aim thee, may the gods direct thee
+lower.'
+
+Then he let the arrow fly, but it flew over Wainamoinen's head and
+pierced and scattered the clouds above. Again he shot a second, but it
+flew too low and penetrated to the depths of the sea. Then he aimed the
+third, and it flew from his bow swift as lightning. Straight forward it
+flew, and struck the magic steed full in the shoulder so that
+Wainamoinen was plunged headlong into the waves. And then arose a mighty
+storm-wind, and the old magician was carried far out into the wide open
+sea.
+
+But Youkahainen believed that he had killed his rival, and so went
+home, rejoicing and singing as he went. And his mother asked him, 'Hast
+thou slain great Wainamoinen?' and he replied, 'I have slain old
+Wainamoinen. Into the salt sea he plunged headlong, and the old magician
+is now at the bottom of the deep.'
+
+But his mother replied: 'Woe to earth for what thou hast done. Joy and
+singing are gone for ever, for thou hast slain the great wise singer,
+thou hast slain the joy of Kalevala.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+All his listeners seemed very much dissatisfied at the turn the story
+had taken, so Father Mikko hastened to assure them that Wainamoinen was
+not really dead, and then he began the next story.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S RESCUE
+
+
+But Wainamoinen was not dead, but swam on for eight days and seven
+nights trying to reach land. And when the evening of the eighth day came
+and still no land was in sight, he began to grow tired and to despair of
+ever getting out alive.
+
+But just then he spied an eagle of wonderful size flying towards him
+from the west. And the eagle flew up to him and asked who he was and how
+he had come there in the ocean.
+
+And Wainamoinen replied: 'I am Wainamoinen, the great singer and
+magician. I had left my home for the distant Northland, and as I
+galloped over the ocean and neared the shore, the wicked Youkahainen
+killed my steed with his magic arrows, and I was cast headlong into the
+waters. And then a mighty wind arose and drove me farther and ever
+farther out to sea, and now I have been struggling with the winds and
+waves for eight long weary days, and I fear that I shall perish of cold
+and hunger before I reach any land.'
+
+[Illustration: INTERIOR OF LAPP HUT.]
+
+The eagle replied: 'Do not be discouraged, but seat thyself upon my back
+and I will carry thee to land, for I have not forgotten the day when
+thou left the birch-trees standing for the birds to sing in and the
+eagle to rest on.'
+
+So Wainamoinen climbed upon the eagle's broad back and seated himself
+securely there, and off the eagle flew, straight to the nearest land.
+There on the shore of the dismal Northland the eagle left him, and flew
+off to join his mate.
+
+Wainamoinen found himself upon a bare, rocky point of land, without a
+trace of human life about it, nor any path through the woods by which it
+was surrounded. And he wept bitterly, for he was far from home, covered
+with wounds from his battle with the winds and waters, and faint with
+hunger: three days and three nights he wept without ceasing.
+
+Now the fair and lovely daughter of old Louhi had laid a wager with the
+Sun, that she would rise before him the next morning. And so she did,
+and had time to shear six lambs before the Sun had left his couch
+beneath the ocean. And after this she swept up the floor of the stable
+with a birch broom, and collecting the sweepings on a copper shovel, she
+carried them to the meadow near the seashore. There she heard the sound
+of some one weeping, and hastening back she told her mother of it.
+
+Then Louhi, ancient mistress of the Northland, hurried out from her
+house and down to the seashore. There she heard the sound of weeping,
+and quickly pushed off from the shore in a boat and rowed to where the
+weeping Wainamoinen sat.
+
+When she came to him she said to him: 'What folly hast thou done to be
+in so sad a state?'
+
+Wainamoinen replied: 'It is indeed folly that has brought me into this
+trouble. I was happy enough at home before I went on this expedition.'
+
+Then Louhi asked him to tell her who he was of all the great heroes.
+
+Wainamoinen replied: 'Formerly I was honoured as a great singer and
+magician: I was called the "Singer of Kalevala," the wise Wainamoinen.'
+
+Then Louhi said: 'Rise, O hero, from thy lowly couch among the willows,
+come with me to my home and there tell me the story of thy adventures.'
+So she took the starving hero into her boat and rowed him to the shore,
+and took him to her house. There she gave him food, and the warmth and
+rest and shelter soon restored to him all his strength. Then Louhi asked
+him to relate his adventures, and he told her all that had happened to
+him.
+
+When he had finished Louhi said to him: 'Weep no more, Wainamoinen, for
+thou shalt be welcome in our homes, thou shalt live with us and eat our
+salmon and other fish.'
+
+Wainamoinen thanked her for her kindness, but added: 'One's own country
+and table and home are the best and dearest. May the great god, Ukko,
+the Creator, grant that I may once more reach my dear home and country.
+It is better to drink clear water from a birchen cup in one's own home,
+than in foreign lands to drink the richest liquors from the golden
+beakers of strangers.'
+
+Then Louhi asked him: 'What reward wilt thou give me, if I carry thee
+back to thy beloved home, to the plains of Kalevala?'
+
+Wainamoinen asked her what reward she would consider sufficient, whether
+gold or silver treasures, but Louhi answered: 'I ask not for gold or
+silver, O wise Wainamoinen, but canst thou forge for me the magic Sampo,
+with its lid of many colours, the magic mill that grinds out flour on
+one side, and salt from another side, and turns out money from the
+third? I will give thee, too, my daughter, as a reward, to be thy wife
+and to care for thy home.'
+
+But Wainamoinen answered sadly: 'I cannot forge for thee the magic
+Sampo, but take me to my country and I will send thee Ilmarinen, who
+will make it for thee, and wed thy lovely daughter. Ilmarinen is a
+wondrous smith; he it was who forged the heavens, and so perfectly did
+he do it that we cannot see a single mark of the hammer on them.'
+
+Louhi replied: 'Only to him who can forge the magic Sampo for me will I
+give my daughter.' Then she harnessed up her sledge and put Wainamoinen
+in it and made him all ready for his journey home. And as he started off
+she spoke these words to him: 'Do not raise thy eyes to the heavens, do
+not look upward while the day lasts, before the evening star has risen,
+or a terrible misfortune will happen to you.'
+
+Then Wainamoinen drove off, and his heart grew light as he left the
+dismal Northland behind him on his way to Kalevala.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RAINBOW-MAIDEN
+
+
+The fair Rainbow-maiden, Louhi's daughter, sat upon a rainbow in the
+heavens, and was clad in the most splendid dress of gold and silver. She
+was busy weaving golden webs of wonderful beauty, using a shuttle of
+gold and a silver weaving-comb.
+
+As Wainamoinen came swiftly along the way which led from the dark and
+dismal Northland to the plains of Kalevala, before he had gone far on
+his way he heard in the sky above him the humming of the
+Rainbow-maiden's loom. Without thinking of old Louhi's warning, he
+looked up and beheld the maiden seated on the gorgeous rainbow weaving
+beauteous cloths. No sooner had he seen the lovely maiden than he
+stopped, and calling to her asked her to come to his sledge.
+
+The Rainbow-maiden replied: 'Tell me what thou wishest of me.'
+
+'Thou shalt come with me,' Wainamoinen replied, 'to bake me
+honey-biscuit, to fill my cup with foaming beer, to sing beside my
+table, to be a queen within my home in the land of Kalevala.'
+
+But the maiden replied: 'Yesterday I went at twilight to the flowery
+meadows. There I heard a thrush singing, and I asked him, "Tell me,
+pretty song-bird, how shall I live most happily, as a maiden in my
+father's home or as a wife by my husband's side?" And the bird sang in
+reply, "The summer days are bright and warm, and so is a maiden's
+freedom; the winter is cold and dark, and so are the lives of married
+women. They are like dogs chained in a kennel, no favours are given to
+wives."'
+
+But Wainamoinen answered the maiden: 'The thrush sings only nonsense.
+Maidens are treated like little children, but wives are like queens.
+Come to my sledge, O maiden, for I am not the least among heroes, nor am
+I ignorant of magic. Come, and I will make thee my wife and queen in
+Kalevala.'
+
+Then the Rainbow-maiden promised to be his wife if he would split a
+golden hair with a knife that had no edge, and take a bird's egg from
+the nest with a snare that no one could see. Wainamoinen did both these
+things, and then begged her to come to his sledge, for he had done what
+she asked.
+
+But she set another task for him, telling him she would marry him if he
+could peel a block of sandstone and cut a whip-handle from ice without
+making a single splinter. And Wainamoinen did both these things, but
+still the maiden refused to go until he had performed a third task. This
+was to make from the splinters of her distaff a little ship, and to
+launch it into the water without touching it.
+
+Then Wainamoinen took the pieces of her distaff and set to work. He took
+them to a mountain from which he got the iron for his work, and for
+three days he laboured with hatchet and hammer. But on the evening of
+the third day a wicked spirit, Lempo, caught his hatchet as he raised it
+up, and turned it as it fell, so that it hit a rock and broke in
+fragments, and one of the pieces flew into the magician's knee, and cut
+it, so that the blood poured out.
+
+Then Wainamoinen began to sing a magic incantation to stop the blood
+from flowing, but his magic was powerless against the evil Lempo, and he
+could not stop the blood. Then he gathered certain herbs with wonderful
+powers, and put them on the wound, but still he could not heal it up,
+for Lempo's spell was too powerful for his magic. So he got into his
+sledge again, and drove off at a gallop to seek for help. Soon he came
+to a place where the road branched off in three directions. He chose the
+left-hand one, and galloped on till he reached a house. When he went to
+the door he found only a boy and a baby inside, and when he had told
+them what he wanted, the boy said, 'There is no one here that can help
+thee, but take the middle road, and perhaps thou wilt find help.'
+
+So off he galloped to where the roads branched off, and then along the
+middle one to another house. There he found an old witch lying on the
+floor, but she gave him the same answer that the boy had done, and sent
+him to the right-hand road.
+
+On this road he came to another cottage, where an old man with a long
+gray beard was sitting by the fire. And when Wainamoinen told him of his
+trouble, the old man replied, 'Greater things have been done by but
+three of the magic words; water has been turned to land, and land to
+water.' On hearing this answer Wainamoinen rose from his sledge and went
+into the cottage, and seated himself there. And all this time his knee
+was bleeding, so that the blood was enough to fill seven huge birchen
+pots.
+
+Then the old man asked him who he was, and bade him sing to him the
+origin[4] of the iron that had wounded him so, and Wainamoinen related
+the following story of how iron was first made:
+
+[4] For they believed that a magic song that told the _origin_ of any
+trouble would also cure it.
+
+Long ago after there were air and water, fire was born, and after the
+fire came iron. Ukko, the creator, rubbed his hands upon his left knee,
+and there arose thence three lovely maidens, who were the mothers of
+iron and steel. These three maidens walked forth on the clouds, and from
+their bosoms ran the milk of iron, down unto the clouds and thence down
+upon the earth. Ukko's eldest daughter cast black milk over the
+river-beds, and the second cast white milk over the hills and mountains,
+and the third red milk over the lakes and oceans; and from the black
+milk grew the soft black iron-ore; from the white milk the
+lighter-coloured ore; and from the red milk the brittle red iron-ore.
+
+After the iron had lain in peace for a while, Fire came to visit his
+brother Iron and tried to eat him up. Then Iron ran from him and took
+refuge in the swamps and marshes, and that is how we now find iron-ore
+hidden in the marshes.
+
+Then was born the great smith, Ilmarinen, and the next morning after he
+was born he built his smithy on a hill near the marshland. There he
+found the hidden iron-ore, and carried it to his smithy and put it in
+the furnace to be smelted. And Ilmarinen had not blown more than three
+strokes of the bellows before the iron began to grow soft as dough. But
+then Iron cried out to him, 'Take me from this furnace, Ilmarinen, save
+me from this cruel torture!' for the heat of the fire had grown
+unbearable.
+
+'Thou art not hurt, but only a little frightened,' Ilmarinen replied;
+'but I will take thee out, and thou shalt be a great warrior and slay
+many heroes.'
+
+But Iron swore by the hammer and anvil, 'I will injure trees and
+mountains, but I'll never kill the heroes. I will be men's servant and
+their tool, but will not serve for weapons.'
+
+So Ilmarinen put the iron on his anvil, and made from it many fine
+things and tools of every kind. But he could not harden the iron into
+steel, though he pondered over it for a long time. He made a lye from
+birch-ashes and water to harden the iron in, but it was all in vain.
+
+Just then a little bee came flying up, and Ilmarinen begged him to bring
+honey from all the flowers in the meadows, that he might put it in the
+water and so harden the iron to steel. But a hornet, one of the servants
+of the evil spirit Lempo, was sitting on the roof and overheard
+Ilmarinen's words. And the hornet flew off and collected all the evil
+charms he could find--the hissing of serpents, the venom of adders, the
+poison of spiders, the stings of every insect--and brought them to
+Ilmarinen. He thought that the bee had come and brought him honey from
+the meadows, and so mixed all these poisons with the water in which he
+was to plunge the iron. And when he thrust the iron into the poisoned
+water it was turned to hard steel, but the poisons made it forget its
+oath and grow hard-hearted, and it began to wound men and cause their
+blood to flow in streams. This was the origin of steel and iron.
+
+When Wainamoinen had finished, the old man rose from the hearth and
+began an incantation to make the wound close up. First he cursed Iron
+that it had become so wicked, and then he bade the blood cease to flow
+by the power of his magic. And as he went on he prayed to great Ukko
+that if this magic incantation should not prove sufficient, Ukko himself
+would come and stop the wound.
+
+By the time he had finished his words of magic the blood ceased flowing
+from the wound. Then the old man sent his son to make a healing salve
+out of herbs, to take away the soreness from Wainamoinen's knee.
+
+First the youth made a salve from oak-bark and young shoots, and many
+sorts of healing grasses. Three days and three nights he steeped them in
+a copper kettle, but when he had finished the salve would not do. Then
+he added still other healing herbs, and steeped it for three days more,
+and at last it was ready. First he tried it on a birch-tree that had
+been broken down by wicked Lempo. He rubbed the salve on the broken
+branches and said: 'With this salve I anoint thee, recover, O
+birch-tree, and grow more beautiful than ever!'
+
+And the tree grew together and became more beautiful and strong than
+ever before. Then he tried the salve on broken granite boulders and on
+fissures in the mountains, and it was so powerful that it closed them
+all together as if they had never existed. After this he hurried home
+and gave the magic salve to his father, and told him what he had done
+with it.
+
+The old man anointed Wainamoinen's knee with it, saying: 'Do not rely on
+thine own virtue or power, but in thy creator's strength; do not speak
+with thine own wisdom, but with great Ukko's. Whatever in thee is good
+comes from Ukko.'
+
+No sooner had the old man put on the salve and said these words, than
+Wainamoinen was seized with a terrible pain, and lay rolling and
+writhing on the floor in agony. But the old man bandaged up his knee
+with a silken bandage, and prayed to Ukko to come to his assistance.
+
+And suddenly the pain left Wainamoinen and his knee became as strong
+and well as ever. Then he raised his eyes in gratitude to heaven and
+prayed thus to Ukko: 'Praise to thee, my Creator, for the aid that thou
+hast given me. For thou hast banished all my pain and trouble. O all ye
+people of Kalevala, both those now living and those to come, boast not
+of the work that ye have done but give to God the praise, for the great
+Ukko alone can make all things perfect, Ukko is the one master!'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There was a moment's pause, and then little Mimi said that she was so
+glad Wainamoinen was well again, and asked Father Mikko to tell them
+what happened to him next. But the old man answered that he must have a
+_little_ time to breathe at least. So he filled his pipe again and
+lighted it, and Erik brought up some more beer, and they sat and smoked
+and drank beer and chatted for a while.
+
+Then, when he felt rested once more, Father Mikko obeyed Mimi's urgent
+request and began again to tell them how Wainamoinen got home, and what
+happened afterwards.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN FORGES THE SAMPO
+
+
+No sooner was Wainamoinen cured of his wound than he put his sledge in
+order and drove off at lightning speed towards Kalevala. For three days
+he journeyed over hills and valleys, over marshes and meadows, and on
+the evening of the third day he reached the land of Kalevala once again.
+
+There, on the border line he halted, and began a magic song. And as he
+sang a fir-tree began to grow from the earth, and kept on growing until
+its top had grown up above the clouds and reached to the stars. When the
+tree had finished growing, Wainamoinen sang another magic song, so that
+the moon was caught fast in the tree's branches and obliged to shine
+there until Wainamoinen should reverse his spell. And then by another
+spell he made the stars of the Great Bear fast in the tree-top, and
+then jumped into his sledge and drove on again to his home, with his
+cap set awry on his head, mourning because he had promised to send
+Ilmarinen back to the Northland, to forge the magic Sampo as his ransom.
+
+As he drove on he came to Ilmarinen's smithy, and he stopped and went in
+to him. Ilmarinen welcomed him and asked where he had been so long, and
+what had happened to him.
+
+Then Wainamoinen told him of his journey to the Northland, and all the
+dangers he had gone through, and he added: 'In a village there I saw a
+maiden, who is the fairest in all the Northland. All there sing her
+praises, for her forehead shines like the rainbow and her face is fair
+as the golden moonlight. She is more beautiful than the sun and all the
+stars together, but she will not marry any suitor. But do thou go, dear
+Ilmarinen, and see her wondrous beauty; forge the magic Sampo for her
+mother and then thou shalt win this lovely maiden to be thy wife.'
+
+But Ilmarinen replied: 'O cunning Wainamoinen, I know that thou hast
+promised me as a ransom for thyself. But I will never go to that gloomy
+country, nor do I care for thy beautiful maiden; I will not go for all
+the maids in Pohjola.'
+
+Wainamoinen answered: 'But I can tell thee of still greater wonders,
+for I have seen a giant fir-tree growing on the border of our own
+country; its top is higher than the clouds, and in its branches shine
+the moon and the Great Bear.'
+
+'I will not believe thy wonderful story,' replied Ilmarinen, 'until I
+see the tree with my own eyes and the moon and stars shining in it.'
+
+'Come with me,' said Wainamoinen, 'and I will show thee that I speak the
+truth.' So off they set to see the wondrous tree. When they had come to
+it Wainamoinen asked Ilmarinen to climb the tree and to bring down the
+moon and stars, and he at once began to climb up towards them.
+
+But, while he was climbing, the fir-tree spoke to him, saying: 'Foolish
+hero, why hast thou so little knowledge as to try to steal the moon from
+my branches?' No sooner had the tree said these words to Ilmarinen, than
+Wainamoinen sang a magic spell, calling up a great storm-wind, and
+saying to it: 'O storm-wind, take Ilmarinen and carry him in thy airy
+vessel to the dark and dismal Northland.'
+
+And the storm-wind came and heaped up the clouds so that they formed a
+boat, and seizing Ilmarinen from the tree it placed him in the clouds
+and rushed off to the north, carrying clouds and all with it. On and on
+he sailed, rising higher than the moon, tossed about by the wind, until
+at last he came to the Northland and the storm-wind set him down in
+Louhi's courtyard.
+
+Old toothless Louhi saw him as he alighted, and asked him: 'Who art thou
+that comest through the air, riding on the storm-wind? Hast thou ever
+met the great smith Ilmarinen, for I have long been waiting for him to
+come and forge the magic Sampo for me.'
+
+'I do indeed know him well,' he replied, 'for I myself am Ilmarinen.'
+
+At these words Louhi hurried into the house and told her youngest
+daughter to dress herself in all her most splendid clothes and
+ornaments, for Ilmarinen was come to make the Sampo for them. So the
+maiden chose her loveliest silken dresses, and placed a circlet of
+copper round her brow, a golden girdle round her waist, and pearls about
+her neck, and in her hair she twisted threads of gold and silver. When
+she was dressed she looked, with her rosy red cheeks and bright
+sparkling eyes, more lovely than any other maiden in all the Northland,
+and then she hurried to the hall to meet Ilmarinen.
+
+Louhi went to Ilmarinen and led him into the house, where there was a
+feast spread ready for him. She gave him the best seat at the table, and
+the choicest viands to eat, and gave him everything he wished for. Then
+she asked him if he would forge the Sampo for her, and promised him, if
+he would, her fairest daughter as his wife.
+
+Ilmarinen was charmed with her daughter's beauty, and he promised to do
+what she asked. But when he went to look for a place to work in, he
+could find no place, and not even so much as a pair of bellows to blow
+his fire with. Still he was not discouraged, but for three days he
+wandered about, looking for a place to build a workshop. On the evening
+of the third day he saw a huge rock that was suited for his purpose, and
+there he began to build. The first day he built the chimney and started
+a fire; the second day he made his bellows and put them in place; the
+third day he finished his furnace, and had all ready to begin his work.
+
+Then Ilmarinen made a magic mixture of certain metals and put them in
+the bottom of the furnace. And he hired some of Louhi's men to work the
+bellows and keep putting fuel on the fire. Three long summer days the
+workmen blew the bellows, until at length the base rock began to blossom
+in flames from the magic heat.
+
+On the evening of the first day Ilmarinen bent over the furnace and took
+out a magic bow. It gleamed like the moon, had a shaft of copper and
+tips of silver, and was the most wonderful bow that had ever been made.
+But it would not rest satisfied unless it killed a warrior every day,
+and two on feast-days. So Ilmarinen broke it into pieces and threw them
+back into the furnace, and tried again to forge the Sampo.
+
+On the evening of the second day he looked into the furnace and drew
+forth a magic vessel. It was all purple, save the ribs that were of gold
+and the vase of copper, and it was the most beautiful vessel that ever
+had been made. But wherever it went it always led men into quarrels and
+fights, so Ilmarinen broke it into pieces and threw it back into the
+furnace.
+
+On the evening of the third day he took out of the furnace a magic
+heifer, with horns of gold and the most beautifully-shaped head. But she
+was ill-tempered and would not stay at home, but rushed through the
+forest and swamps and wasted all her milk on the ground. So Ilmarinen
+cut the magic heifer in pieces and threw them back into the furnace.
+
+And on the fourth evening he took out a wonderful plough, the
+ploughshare of gold and the handles of silver and the beam of copper.
+But it ploughed up fields of barley and the richest meadows, so
+Ilmarinen threw it back into the furnace.
+
+Then he drove away all his workmen, and by his magic called up the
+storm-winds to blow his bellows. They came from the North and South and
+East and West, and they blew one day and then another and then a third,
+until the fire leapt out through the windows, the sparks flew from the
+door, and the smoke rose up and mingled with the clouds. And on the
+third evening Ilmarinen looked into the furnace and beheld the magic
+Sampo growing there. Quickly he took it out and placed it on his anvil,
+and taking a huge hammer the wonderful smith forged the luck-bringing
+Sampo. From one side it grinds out flour, and from the other salt, and
+from the third it coins out money. And the lid is all the colours of the
+rainbow, and as it rocks back and forth it grinds one measure for the
+day, and one for the market and one for the storehouse.
+
+Then old Louhi joyfully took the luck-bringing Sampo and hid it in the
+hills of Lapland. She bound it with nine great locks, and by her
+witchcraft made three roots grow all around it, two deep beneath the
+mountains and one beneath the seashore.
+
+And when he had finished the Sampo, Ilmarinen came to the lovely
+daughter of Louhi and asked her if she were ready now to be his wife.
+But she replied: 'If I should go with thee, and leave the Northland, all
+the birds would cease to sing. No, never while I live will I give up my
+maiden freedom, lest all the birds should leave the forest and the
+mermaids leave the waters.'
+
+So Ilmarinen had made the Sampo all in vain, and he was now far from
+home and had no way of returning. But Louhi came to him and asked him
+why he was grieving, and when she learned his trouble, and that he now
+wished to return to his own home, she provided him with a boat of
+copper. And when he had set sail she sent the north wind to carry him on
+his way, and on the evening of the third day he reached his home.
+
+There Wainamoinen met him and asked if he had forged the magic Sampo.
+'Yes,' replied Ilmarinen, 'I have forged the Sampo, with its lid of many
+colours. Louhi has the wondrous Sampo, but I have lost the beauteous
+maiden.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Ah!' said little Mimi, 'old Louhi's daughter was just as mean as could
+be, and of course she didn't keep her promise, because Lapps never can
+be good people.'
+
+'Don't be too hard on the poor Lapps, my dear,' said Father Mikko, 'for
+you see this happened a great many hundreds of years ago, and the whole
+world has grown better since then. But now we will leave Ilmarinen and
+Wainamoinen for a while, and I will tell you about the reckless
+Lemminkainen and his adventures.'
+
+So the old man began as follows:
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN AND KYLLIKKI
+
+
+Long, long ago a son was born to Lempo, and he was named Lemminkainen,
+but some call him Ahti. He grew up amongst the islands and fed upon the
+salmon until he became a mighty man, handsome to look at and skilled in
+magic. But he was not as good as he was handsome--he had a wicked heart,
+and was more famous for his dancing than for great deeds.
+
+Now at the time my story begins, there lived in the Northland a
+beautiful maiden named Kyllikki. She was so lovely that the Sun had
+begged her to marry his son and come and live with them. But she
+refused, and when the Moon came and besought her to marry her son, and
+the Evening Star sought her for his son, she refused them both. And
+after that came suitors from all the countries round about, but the
+lovely Kyllikki would not marry one of them.
+
+When Lemminkainen heard of this, he resolved that he would win her
+himself. But his aged mother tried to dissuade him, telling him that the
+maiden was of a higher family than his own, that all the Northland women
+would laugh at him, and then if he should try to punish them for their
+laughter, that the warriors of the Northland would fall on him and kill
+him. But all this did not make him change his mind, and he started off
+for the distant Northland.
+
+When he came near to Kyllikki's home, all the women and maidens that saw
+him began to laugh at him because he looked so poor, and yet dared to
+try to win the fair Kyllikki's hand. When he heard them laughing, it
+made him so angry that he drove on without paying any attention to how
+he was driving, and when he came to the courtyard his sledge hit against
+the gate-post and broke to pieces, and threw him out into the snow.
+
+He rose up angrier than ever, but all those around only laughed the
+harder at him, and made all manner of fun of him. Then they offered him
+a place as a shepherd on the mountains. So Ahti became a shepherd, and
+spent all the days on the hills, but in the evenings he went to their
+dances, and when he had shown them what a skilful dancer he was, he
+soon became a great favourite with all the women, and they began to
+praise him instead of laughing at him.
+
+But fair Kyllikki alone would have nothing to do with him--would not
+even look at him in spite of all his endeavours to win her. At last she
+was tired out with his attentions, and told him that he had better
+return home, for she did not like him, and that so long as he stayed
+there she would not even look at him.
+
+Still he did not go away, but waited until a chance came to carry out
+his new plan. About a month after this, all the maidens were met
+together for a dance in a glen among the hills, and among them was
+Kyllikki. Suddenly Lemminkainen came galloping up in his sledge and
+seized the fair Kyllikki as she was dancing with the rest, placed her in
+his sledge, and drove off like the whirlwind, and as he flew by the
+frightened maidens he cried out to them: 'Never tell that I have taken
+Kyllikki, or I will cast a magic spell over your lovers, so that they
+will all leave you and go off to the wars and will never come back to
+dance and make merry with you.'
+
+But Kyllikki wept and begged Lemminkainen to give her back her freedom,
+saying, 'Oh, give me back my freedom, cruel Lemminkainen; let me return
+on foot to my grieving father and mother. If thou wilt not let me go, O
+Ahti, I will curse thee and will call upon my seven valiant brothers to
+pursue and kill thee. Once I was happy among my people, but now all my
+joy has gone since thou hast come to torment me, O cruel-hearted Ahti!'
+
+But all her words could not move Lemminkainen to release her. Then he
+said to her: 'Dearest maiden, fair Kyllikki, cease thy weeping and be
+joyful; I will never harm thee nor deceive thee. Why shouldst thou be
+sorrowful, for I have a lovely home and friends and riches, and thou
+shalt never need to labour. Do not despise me because my family is not
+mighty, for I have a good spear and a sharp sword, and with these I will
+gain greatness and power for thy sake.'
+
+Then Kyllikki asked him: 'O Ahti, son of Lempo, wilt thou then be to me
+a faithful husband; wilt thou swear to me never to go to battle nor to
+strife of any sort?'
+
+'I will swear upon my honour,' Lemminkainen replied, 'that I will never
+go to battle, if thou wilt promise in return never to go to dance in the
+village, however much thou mayst long for it.'
+
+So the two swore before the great Ukko, Lemminkainen promising never to
+go to battle, and Kyllikki that she would never go to the village
+dances. And then Lemminkainen rejoicing cracked his whip, and they
+galloped on like the wind over hills and valleys towards the plains of
+Kalevala.
+
+As they came near to Lemminkainen's home, Kyllikki saw that it looked
+dreary and poor, and began to weep again, but Lemminkainen comforted
+her, telling her that now he would build a splendid mansion for her, and
+so she grew cheerful once more.
+
+They drove up to his mother's cottage, and as they entered his mother
+asked him how he had fared. Ahti answered: 'I have well repaid the scorn
+of the Northland maidens, for I have brought the fairest of them with me
+in my sledge. I brought her well wrapt in bear-skins hither, to be my
+loving bride for ever. Beloved mother, make ready for us the best room
+and prepare a rich feast, that my bride may be content.'
+
+His mother answered: 'Praised be gracious Ukko, that hath given me a
+daughter. Praise Ukko, my son, that thou hast won this lovely maiden,
+the pride of the Northland, who is purer than the snow, more graceful
+than the swan, and more beautiful than the stars. Let us make our
+dwelling larger, and decorate the walls most beautifully in honour of
+thy lovely bride, the fairest maid of all creation.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KYLLIKKI'S BROKEN VOW
+
+
+Lemminkainen and Kyllikki lived together happily for many years, keeping
+the promises they had made to each other. But one day Lemminkainen had
+not come home from fishing by sunset, and then the longing to dance was
+more than Kyllikki could withstand, and she went into the village and
+joined the maidens in their dance.
+
+As soon as Lemminkainen came home, his sister Ainikki came to him and
+told him how Kyllikki had broken her promise and had joined in the
+dance. Then Lemminkainen grew angry and sad at the same time, and he
+went to his mother and asked her to steep his clothing in the blood of
+serpents, for he was going off to battle since Kyllikki could not keep
+her vow.
+
+Kyllikki tried to persuade him not to leave her, telling him that she
+had dreamt a dream, in which she saw their home in flames and the fire
+bursting out through the doors and windows and roof. But Lemminkainen
+replied: 'I have no faith in women's dreams or maidens' vows. Bring me
+my copper armour, mother, for I long to get to the wars, to go to dismal
+Pohjola, there to win great stores of gold and silver.'
+
+'Stay at home, my dear son,' his aged mother said, 'and drink the beer
+in our cellars, sitting peaceably by thine own hearth, for we have more
+than enough gold and silver. Only the other day, as our servants were
+ploughing the fields they came upon a chest of gold and silver buried in
+the ground--take this and be content.'
+
+When all this had no effect upon Lemminkainen, his mother began to tell
+him of the magic of the Northland people, and that they would sing him
+into the fire so that he would be burnt to death. But he replied: 'Long
+ago three Lapland wizards tried to bewitch me, and employed their
+strongest spells against me, but I stood unmoved. Then I began my own
+magic songs, and before long I overcame them and sank them to the bottom
+of the sea, where they are still sleeping and the seaweed is growing
+through their hair and beards.'
+
+Still his mother tried to stop him, and his wife Kyllikki begged his
+forgiveness in tears. He stood listening to them and brushing out his
+long black hair, but at last he became impatient, and threw the brush
+from him and cried out: 'I will not stay, but keep that brush, and when
+ye see blood oozing from its bristles, then ye may know that some
+terrible misfortune has overtaken me.'
+
+Saying this he left them and put on his armour and harnessed his steed
+into his sledge. Then he sang a song, calling on all the spirits of the
+woods and the mountains and the waters and on great Ukko himself to help
+him against the Northland wizards, and when his song was ended he drove
+off like the wind.
+
+In the evening of the third day he reached a little village in the
+Northland. Here he drove into a courtyard and called out: 'Is there any
+one strong enough to attend to my horse and take care of my sledge.'
+There was a child playing on the floor of the house, and it replied that
+there was no one there to do it. Then Lemminkainen rode on to another
+house and asked the same question; and a man standing in the doorway
+replied: 'There are plenty here that are mighty enough not only to
+unharness thy steed, but to conquer thee and drive thee to thy home ere
+the sun has set.'
+
+Then Lemminkainen told him that he would return and slay him, and so
+drove off to the highest house in the village. Here he cast a spell over
+the watch-dog, so that he should not bark, and drove in. Then he struck
+on the ground with his whip, and from the ground there arose a vapour
+that concealed the sledge, and in the vapour was a dwarf that took his
+steed and unharnessed it and gave it food. But Lemminkainen went on into
+the house, having first made himself invisible. There he found a great
+many people singing and making merry, and by the fires the Northland
+wizards were seated. He made his way on, and then took on his own shape
+again and entered into the main hall, and cried out to those that were
+singing to be silent.
+
+As soon as she saw him the mistress of the house ran up to him and asked
+him who he was, and how he had passed the watch-dog unnoticed. Then
+Lemminkainen told her who he was, and instantly began to weave his magic
+spells, while the lightning shot from his fur mantle and flames from his
+eyes. He sang them all under the power of his magic--some beneath the
+waters, some into the burning fire, some beneath the heaped-up
+mountains. Only one poor old man, who was blind and lame, did he leave
+untouched. And when the old man asked him why it was that he had alone
+been left, cruel Lemminkainen began to abuse him and to torment him with
+words, until the old man, Nasshut, grew almost wild with anger, and
+hobbled away, swearing to have vengeance. Nasshut journeyed on and on,
+and at last arrived at the river Tuoni, which separates the land of the
+dead from the land of the living. There he waited until Lemminkainen
+should come, for he knew, by his wizard's skill, that he would come
+thither soon.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S SECOND WOOING
+
+
+After this Lemminkainen travelled on through dismal Pohjola until he
+came to the home of aged Louhi. He went in to Louhi and begged her to
+give him one of her daughters in marriage, but Louhi refused, saying:
+'Thou hast already taken one wife from Lapland, the fair Kyllikki, and I
+will give thee neither the loveliest nor yet the ugliest of my
+daughters.'
+
+Still Lemminkainen kept urging her, and at last, to get rid of him, she
+said: 'I will never give one of my daughters to a worthless man. Thou
+mayst not ask me again until thou bringest me the Hisi-reindeer.'
+
+Then Lemminkainen set to work to make his arrows and his darts. When
+these were done he went to Lylikki, the great snow-shoe maker, and bade
+him make a huge pair of snow-shoes, as he was going to hunt the
+Hisi-reindeer. At first Lylikki tried to dissuade him, telling him he
+could never succeed, but perhaps would die in the forest. But
+Lemminkainen ordered him again to make the snow-shoes, and Lylikki set
+to work. He made them of wood, only a few inches wide, but longer than
+Lemminkainen was tall, and with straps in the middle to fasten them on
+to the feet; and he also made a staff for Lemminkainen to push himself
+along with, or to keep his balance with when he slid down the hills.
+
+At length they were finished, and Lemminkainen put them on, and his
+quiver on his back, and took his snow-staff in his hand, and as he set
+off he cried out: 'There is no living thing in all the forest that can
+escape me now, when I take my mighty strides in Lylikki's snow-shoes.'
+
+But the evil spirit Hisi overheard him as he boasted thus, and Hisi set
+to work to make an enchanted reindeer, that Lemminkainen would never be
+able to catch. So he took bare willow branches to make the horns, and
+wood for the head, the feet and legs were made of reeds, and the veins
+from withered grass, the eyes were made from daisies, the ears from
+flowers, and the skin of the rough fir-bark, and the muscles from
+strong, sappy wood. When this magic reindeer was completed it was the
+swiftest and the finest-looking of all reindeer. And Hisi sent it off
+to Pohjola, telling it to lure Lemminkainen into the snow-covered
+mountains and there to wear him out with the cold and the fatigue of the
+chase. So the reindeer went forth to dismal Pohjola, and there it ran
+through the courtyards and the outhouses, overturning tubs of water,
+throwing the kettles from their hooks, and upsetting the dishes that
+were cooking before the fires. There was a frightful noise there, for
+all the dogs began to bark, and the children to cry, and the women to
+laugh, and the men to shout. And then the magic reindeer went on its
+way.
+
+Now Lemminkainen had set out, as soon as his snow-shoes were ready, and
+had hunted the whole world over for a trace of the Hisi-reindeer,
+rushing like the wind over mountains and valleys, until the fire shot
+from his snow-shoes, and his snow-staff smoked. But after he had
+wandered over the whole world and still had found no trace of the
+Hisi-reindeer, he came at last to the corner of Northland where the
+magic animal had just run through the courts upsetting everything, and
+the children were still crying and the women laughing when he arrived.
+Lemminkainen asked what the cause was of their uproar, and they told him
+how the reindeer had been there.
+
+No sooner had he heard this than off he flew over the snow, and as he
+went he sang a spell, calling on the powers of Pohjola to enable him to
+catch the Hisi-beast. After he had sung, he gave three huge strides with
+his snow-shoes, and at the end of the third he caught up with the
+Hisi-reindeer, and in another moment had it bound fast. Then he spoke to
+the reindeer and patted it on the head, and bade it come with him to
+Louhi. But suddenly the animal made a mighty rush, snapped his bonds in
+two, and sprang away over the hills and valleys out of sight.
+
+Lemminkainen started off after it, but at the first step his snow-shoes
+broke right in two and threw him down, breaking his arrows and his
+snow-staff in his fall. Then he arose and looked sadly at his broken
+shoes and arrows and stick, and said to himself: 'How shall I ever
+succeed in my hunt, now that my shoes are broken, and the reindeer is
+once more free?'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S DEATH
+
+
+For a long time Lemminkainen sat considering whether he should give up
+the chase and return to Kalevala, or still keep on after the
+Hisi-reindeer. At length he regained hope and courage, and having sung
+an incantation that made his snow-shoes and arrows and staff whole
+again, he started off once more.
+
+This time he turned his steps to the home of Tapio, the god of the
+forest, and as he went he began to sing wondrous songs to Tapio and his
+wife Mielikki, begging them to help him, and promising them great stores
+of gold and silver if they would do so.
+
+At last he arrived at Tapio's palace, which had window-frames of gold,
+and the palace itself was of ivory. And within it Mielikki and her
+daughters were dressed in golden garments, and wore gold and gems in
+their hair, and pearls round their necks. And they all promised to help
+Lemminkainen, and went off to drive the reindeer up to the palace so
+that he might catch it. Nor had he long to wait before whole troops of
+reindeer came flocking into the palace courtyard, and Lemminkainen saw
+among them the Hisi-deer, and caught it.
+
+Then Lemminkainen sang a song of triumph, and having paid to Tapio's
+wife, Mielikki, the gold and silver he had promised, he hastened off
+with the reindeer to Louhi's home. But when he gave the Hisi-deer to
+her, she said: 'I will give thee my fairest daughter if thou wilt catch
+and bridle for me the fiery Hisi-horse, that breathes smoke and fire
+from his mouth and nostrils.'
+
+So Lemminkainen went off, taking with him a golden bridle to put on the
+horse. For three days he wandered without catching sight of the
+Hisi-horse, but on the third day he climbed to the top of a very high
+mountain, and from thence he spied the steed on the plain amongst the
+fir-trees, breathing smoke and flames from his mouth and nostrils and
+eyes.
+
+When Lemminkainen saw him he prayed to great Ukko to send a shower of
+icy hail upon the fiery Hisi-steed, and presently a great shower of hail
+rained down, and every hailstone was larger than a man's head. After
+the hail was over, Lemminkainen came up to the fiery horse and coaxed
+him to let the golden bridle be slipped over his head. Then off they
+went like the wind, the horse obeying Lemminkainen perfectly, and in a
+very short time they arrived at Louhi's house. When he had given the
+Hisi-horse to Louhi, Lemminkainen asked again for the hand of her
+fairest daughter. But Louhi told him she would not give him her daughter
+until he had killed the swan that swam on Tuoni's river, which flows
+between the land of the living and the dead.
+
+Then Lemminkainen started off fearlessly to seek the graceful swan of
+Tuoni, and journeyed on and on until at length he came to the coal-black
+river. There the old shepherd of Pohjola, Nasshut, was waiting for him,
+and, though blind, he heard Lemminkainen's footsteps, and sent a serpent
+from the death-river to meet him. The serpent stung Lemminkainen just
+over the heart, so that he fell down dead almost instantly, only having
+time to call upon his ancient mother to help him.
+
+And Nasshut cast his body into the dismal river Tuoni, where it was
+washed down through the rapids to the Deathland, Tuonela. There the son
+of the ruler of the Deathland took the body, and cutting it into five
+portions, cast them back into the stream, saying: 'Swim there now, O
+Lemminkainen! float for ever in this river, so that thou mayst hunt the
+wild swan at thy leisure.'
+
+And thus the handsome Lemminkainen died, and was cast into the river of
+Tuoni, that flows along the Deathland.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S RESTORATION
+
+
+Lemminkainen's mother began to grow uneasy at his long absence, and to
+fear that some trouble had befallen him. At last one day, as his wife,
+the fair Kyllikki, was in her room, she noticed that drops of blood had
+begun to flow from the bristles of Lemminkainen's hair-brush. Then she
+began to weep and mourn, and ran and told his mother, who came and saw
+the blood oozing from the brush, and cried out:
+
+'Woe is me, for my son, my hero, is in some terrible distress; some
+awful misfortune has happened to him.' Saying this she hurried off, and
+went straight to Louhi's house. There she asked what had become of her
+son, but Louhi only replied that she did not know, that he had driven
+off long ago in a sledge she had given him, and perhaps the wolves or
+bears had eaten him.
+
+'Thou art only telling falsehoods,' replied Lemminkainen's mother, 'for
+no bears or wolves can devour him; he would put them to sleep with his
+magic singing. Now, tell me truly, O Louhi, whither thou hast sent my
+son, or I will destroy all thy storehouses and even thy magic Sampo.'
+
+And then Louhi said that she had given him a copper boat, and he had
+floated off on the river; perhaps he had perished in the rapids below.
+But Lemminkainen's mother answered: 'Thou art still speaking falsely.
+Tell me the truth this time, or I will send plague and death upon thee.'
+
+Then Louhi answered the third time: 'I will tell thee the truth. I sent
+him to fetch me the Hisi-reindeer, and then after the fire-breathing
+horse, and last of all, after the swan that swims the death-stream,
+Tuoni, that he might gain the hand of my fairest daughter. He may have
+perished there, for he has not come back since to ask for my daughter's
+hand.'
+
+No sooner had Louhi said this than the anxious mother hurried off to
+hunt for her son. Over hills and valleys, through marsh and forest, and
+over the wide waters she went, but looked for him in vain. Then she
+asked the Trees if they had seen him but they answered: 'We have more
+than enough to think of with our own griefs. We are cut down with cruel
+axes and burned to death, and no one pities us.'
+
+So she wandered on and on, and finally she asked the Paths if they had
+seen her son pass by. But the Paths replied: 'Our own lives are too
+wretched to think of other people's sorrows. We are trodden under foot
+by beasts and men, and the heavy carts cut us in pieces.'
+
+Next she asked the Moon, but the Moon replied: 'I have trouble enough of
+my own. I have to wander all alone in both summer and winter nights, and
+have no rest.'
+
+Next she questioned the Sun, and he was kinder than the rest, and told
+her how her son had died in the gloomy river Tuoni.
+
+Then she hastened to Ilmarinen, the wondrous smith, and bade him make a
+huge rake for her out of copper, with teeth a hundred fathoms long and
+the handle five hundred fathoms. Ilmarinen quickly forged a magic rake,
+and she hurried off with it to the gloomy river Tuoni, praying as she
+went: 'O Sun, whom Ukko hath created, shine for me now with magic power
+into the kingdom of death, into dark Manala, and lull all the evil
+spirits there to sleep.'
+
+The Sun came and sat upon a birch-tree near the river of Tuoni, and
+shone upon the Deathland, Tuonela, until all the spirits fell asleep.
+Then he rose, and hovering over them, warmed them into a yet deeper
+slumber, and then hurried back to his place in the sky.
+
+Meanwhile Lemminkainen's mother had raked a long time in the coal-black
+river, but could find nothing. Then she waded in deeper and deeper,
+until she could reach into the deepest caverns with her rake. First, she
+found his jacket, and then the rest of his clothing; and finally, the
+third time she swept her rake along, it brought up Lemminkainen's body,
+but the hands and arms and head were still missing. Still she went on
+with her search, and at length all the pieces were gathered together.
+
+When she had laid them beside each other, in their proper positions, she
+began to pray to the goddess of the veins, Suonetar, and the maiden of
+the ether, to come and join the different parts together, and to sew up
+the wounds and make him whole. And then she prayed to the mighty Ukko to
+help them, and to heal every part that was wounded or bruised, to touch
+them with his magic touch, and restore Lemminkainen to life.
+
+And Ukko did so, and Lemminkainen lived once more, but he was still
+blind and deaf and dumb. But his mother considered deeply how she might
+restore these senses to him, and at length she called the little bee to
+her, and bade it go out and collect honey from the healing plants in
+the meadows. So the bee flew away and returned very soon laden with
+honey from all the healing plants, and she anointed her son with this,
+but it only gave him his sight, and still left him deaf and dumb.
+
+Again the mother sent off the bee, telling it to go across the seven
+oceans, and to alight on an enchanted isle in the eighth. There it would
+find magic honey to bring back. The bee did as it was told and found the
+magic honey-balm in tiny earthen vessels, and flew back with seven
+vessels in its arms and seven on each shoulder, all filled with the
+magic honey-balm. Lemminkainen's mother anointed him with this, and he
+could hear, but still remained speechless.
+
+Then the mother bade the bee fly up to the seventh heaven and to bring
+down from thence the honey of Ukko's wisdom, which was so abundant
+there. When the bee declared that it could not fly so high, she told it
+the way and sent it off. So the bee flew up and up, and at the end of
+the first day it rested on the moon. At the end of the second day it
+reached the shoulders of the Great Bear, and on the third day it flew
+over the Great Bear's head and reached the seventh heaven of Ukko. There
+it found three golden kettles, and in the first was a balm that gave
+ease to the heart, and the balm in the second gave happiness, but the
+balm of the third kettle gave life. So the bee took some of the
+life-giving balm and hastened back to earth.
+
+Then Lemminkainen's mother anointed him with this magic balm, speaking a
+magic spell as she rubbed him with it, and immediately he awoke, and his
+first words were: 'Truly I have been sleeping long, but yet my sleep was
+a sweet one, for I knew neither joy nor sorrow.'
+
+When his mother asked how he had gone thither and who it was that had
+harmed him, he told her all--how Louhi had sent him for the swan, and
+how old Nasshut, the blind Northland shepherd, had sent the serpent
+against him and killed him, for he did not know the charm to cure the
+sting of serpents. Then his mother upbraided him for his ignorance, and
+told him how the serpent was born from the marrow of the duck and the
+brain of swallows, mixed with Suojatar's saliva, and she told him too
+what the spell was to use against them. Thus his mother brought him back
+to life and health, and he was wiser and handsomer than ever, but still
+he was downhearted.
+
+His mother asked him the reason of this, and he replied that he was
+still thinking of Louhi's daughter and longing for her as his bride, but
+that first he must shoot the wild swan. But his mother answered: 'Do
+not think of the wild swan, nor yet of Louhi's daughters. Return with me
+to Kalevala to thy home, and thank and praise thy Maker, Ukko, that he
+hath saved thee, for I alone could never have saved thee from dismal
+Manala.'
+
+So Lemminkainen hastened home with his mother,--back again to his
+pleasant home in Kalevala.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Every one expressed satisfaction that Lemminkainen had been restored to
+life--'for, you see,' said Mimi, 'though he was really a bad man, he did
+so many wonderful things that you just can't help wishing for him not to
+be killed.'
+
+But now it had grown quite late, nearly nine o'clock, and so they all
+ate their supper and then Erik and Father Mikko sat smoking and talking
+while Mother Stina and the little ones went into the other room to
+bed,--for Erik had actually two rooms in his house,--and it isn't every
+Finnish country cabin that has that, you know. They talked of their
+country, for that was the dearest subject to both of them,--they were
+intelligent men for their class,--and when Father Mikko told how the
+Russian Tsar was taking their liberties away from them, and was
+beginning to break all his oaths and promises and would no doubt end up
+by making them as badly off as the people on the south side of the
+Finnish Gulf--when Father Mikko related all this, Erik's eyes flashed
+and he longed to be able to draw the sword to defend his beloved
+country's liberty.
+
+But at last they had gone over all these things and were sleepy
+themselves, so they made up their beds on some sheep-skin rugs on the
+floor, and soon fell into a sound sleep.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The next day it was still storming, and so Father Mikko gave up all idea
+of leaving that day. About three o'clock in the afternoon--it was dark
+as night then--they had all finished dinner and settled down around the
+fire as on the day before, and Father Mikko was easily persuaded to go
+on with his stories.
+
+Erik was at work on a pair of snow-shoes, just like those that
+Lemminkainen wore in the story of the hunt after the Hisi-deer. They
+were nearly finished--about six feet long and five inches wide in the
+broadest part, with a place in the middle to fasten them on to the feet,
+and the front ends were turned up. All that now remained to be done was
+to polish them off, and Erik worked at this while Father Mikko told his
+stories. The children had enough to do to watch 'Pappa' Mikko's face and
+listen to the wonderful tales, and Mother Stina was busy with some
+sewing--she couldn't spin because the noise of the wheel would have
+drowned Father Mikko's voice.
+
+'Now that we have brought Lemminkainen back from the Death-river,' the
+old man said, 'we will see what Wainamoinen was doing all this while.'
+So he began as follows:
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S BOAT-BUILDING
+
+
+Wainamoinen started to build a boat from the Rainbow-maiden's distaff,
+but he had soon used up all his timber, and the boat was far from
+finished. So he asked Sampsa (the planter of the first trees that grew
+on earth) to go and search out the needful timber in order to finish the
+boat.
+
+Sampsa started off with a golden axe upon his shoulder and a copper
+hatchet in his belt. He wandered through the mountain forests, and at
+length came upon a great aspen, and was just going to cut it down, when
+the aspen asked him what he wanted. 'I wish to take your timber for a
+vessel,' Sampsa replied, 'that the wise magician Wainamoinen is
+building.' Then the aspen answered: 'All the boats that have been made
+of my wood have been but failures; they float but a little way, and
+then sink to the ocean's bottom, for my trunk is full of hollow places,
+where the worms have eaten my wood.'
+
+So Sampsa left the aspen and searched still further, until he came to a
+pine-tree that was even taller than the aspen was. Sampsa struck a blow
+with his axe, and at the same time asked the pine-tree if it would
+furnish good timber for Wainamoinen's boat. But the pine-tree answered:
+'All the ships that have been made from me are useless. I am full of
+imperfections, for the ravens live among my branches and bring
+ill-luck.'
+
+And Sampsa was obliged to leave the pine-tree and go on until he came to
+a tremendous oak-tree, whose trunk was thicker than the height of even
+the tallest men. And he asked the oak-tree if it would furnish wood for
+Wainamoinen's boat. 'I will gladly furnish the wood,' replied the
+oak-tree, 'for I am tall and sound and strong. The warm sun shines upon
+me for three months in the summer, and the sacred cuckoo dwells in my
+branches and brings good fortune.' So Sampsa quickly felled the oak, and
+brought the timber, skilfully hewn, to Wainamoinen.
+
+The wise magician Wainamoinen then began to put his boat together by the
+aid of magic spells. The first magic song that he sang joined the
+framework together, and the second song fastened the planking into the
+ribs, and the third put the rowlocks in place and made the oars. But,
+alas! when all this was done, there were still three magic words needed
+to complete the stem and stern and bulwarks.
+
+Wainamoinen saw that all his labour was in vain unless he found the
+three magic words, for unless the stern and stem were fastened and the
+bulwarks built, the boat could never put to sea. He pondered long over
+where he might find the lost words, and after a while he concluded that
+they might be found in the brains of swallows and the heads of swans and
+the plumage of the sea-duck. But though he killed great numbers of these
+birds, he could not find the three lost words. Then he thought that he
+might find them on the tongues of reindeers or of the squirrels; but
+though he killed great numbers of them, and found many words on their
+tongues, the three lost words were not there.
+
+Then he said to himself: 'I will seek the lost words in the kingdom of
+Manala; there are countless words to be found there in the Deathland.'
+So off he went, travelling for three weeks over hill and dale, through
+marshes and thickets, until at length he came to the river of Tuoni.
+There he called out in a voice like thunder: 'Bring a boat, O daughter
+of Tuoni, and ferry me over this black and fatal river.'
+
+Tuoni's daughter, a wee little dwarf, but very wise and ancient, bade
+him first say why he wished to come into the Deathland while he was
+still alive. And first Wainamoinen answered that Tuoni himself, the
+death-god, had sent him. But the maid replied: 'Had Tuoni brought thee,
+he would now be with thee, and thou wouldst be wearing his cap and
+gloves.' So Wainamoinen answered again: 'I was slain by an iron weapon.'
+But the maid would not believe him, because he had no bleeding wound.
+Then he said the third time, that he had been washed there by the river.
+But still the maid would not believe him, for his clothing was not wet.
+And the fourth time he said that fire had burnt him. But the maid
+replied: 'If the fire had brought thee to Manala, thy hair and eyebrows
+and beard would be all singed and burnt. But now I ask thee for the last
+time what it is that hath brought thee, living, hither. Tell me the
+truth this time.'
+
+Then Wainamoinen told her that he had been building a boat by magic, but
+that he yet lacked one spell, and had come thither to seek it. When he
+had said this, Tuoni's daughter came across and rowed him to the
+opposite side, having first tried to dissuade him from coming. But
+Wainamoinen was not afraid; and when he had landed he walked straight
+up to the abode of Tuoni.
+
+There Tuonetar, Tuoni's wife, gave him a golden goblet filled with beer,
+saying: 'Drink Tuoni's beer, O wise and ancient Wainamoinen!' But he
+carefully inspected the liquor before he tasted it, and saw that it was
+black and full of the spawn of frogs and poisonous serpent-broods; and
+he said to Tuonetar: 'I have not come hither to drink Tuoni's poisons,
+for they that do so will surely be destroyed.'
+
+Tuonetar then asked him why he had come, and he told her of his
+boat-building, and how he still needed the three magic words, and that
+he hoped to find them there. 'Tuoni will never reveal them,' Tuonetar
+said; 'nor shalt thou ever leave these gates alive;' and as she spoke
+she waved the slumber-wand over Wainamoinen's head, and he sank into a
+deep sleep. And to make sure of his not escaping, Tuoni's son, a hideous
+wizard with only three fingers, wove nets of iron and of copper, and set
+them all through the river, to catch Wainamoinen if by any chance he
+should get so far.
+
+But Wainamoinen soon freed himself from Tuonetar's slumber-spell, and
+knowing in how great danger he was, he instantly transformed himself
+into a serpent, and wriggled his way to the river, and through the nets
+that had been set to catch him, until at length he came out safe into
+the land of the living again; and the next morning, when Tuoni's wizard
+son went to look at his nets, he found all kinds of evil fish and
+serpents, but not the wise old magician.
+
+But Wainamoinen prayed to Ukko: 'I thank thee, O Ukko, that thou hast
+protected me; but never suffer any other of thy heroes, not even the
+wisest, to go against the laws of nature to the awful Tuonela. For there
+are but few who return from thence.'
+
+And then Wainamoinen called together the people on the plains of
+Kalevala, and spoke to the young men and maidens, saying: 'Listen, all
+ye young people. Never disobey your parents; never harm the innocent,
+nor wrong the weak, nor utter falsehood, else ye will pay the penance
+for it in the gloomy prison of Manala; for there is the dwelling-place
+of the wicked, and a place for the guilty. Beneath the burning rocks
+there are fiery couches, with pillows of hissing serpents, and coverlets
+of green writhing vipers. And the wicked there drink the blood of
+adders, but have nothing to eat at all. If ye would be happy, shun this
+abode of the wicked ones in Tuonela.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'But I thought Wainamoinen wasn't to use any wood for his boat except
+the pieces of the distaff,' said Mimi.
+
+'Well, you see,' said Father Mikko, 'the main thing was to build the
+boat by _magic_, and we'll see now how he did that. I don't believe a
+little extra wood made any difference.' So he went on:
+
+[Illustration: A LAPLAND WIZARD.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN FINDS THE LOST WORDS
+
+
+Wainamoinen had failed to find the three magic words in the Deathland,
+and now he sat and pondered whither he should go next to seek them.
+While he was thinking over this, a shepherd came to him and said: 'Thou
+canst find a thousand words of wisdom on the tongue of the dead hero
+Wipunen. I know the road that leads to his grave: first, thou must
+journey a long distance over the points of needles, and then a long way
+upon the edges of sharp swords, and then a third road on the edges of
+hatchets.'
+
+Then Wainamoinen considered how he should be able to walk over the
+needles and swords and hatchets, and at last hit on a plan. He went to
+the smith Ilmarinen and bade him make shoes of iron, and gloves of
+copper, and a magic staff of the strongest metal, as he was going to
+seek the lost words from the wise Wipunen. Ilmarinen made him the shoes
+and gloves and staff, but said: ‘The wise magician Wipunen died long
+ages ago, he surely cannot tell thee the magic words.’ Still Wainamoinen
+was not disheartened, but began his journey. The first day he hurried
+along over the points of needles, and all the second day over the sword
+edges, and on the evening of the third day he had come across the edges
+of the hatchets and reached the spot where Wipunen lay buried. From
+Wipunen’s shoulders grew great aspens, on each temple grew a birch-tree,
+on his mighty chin an alder, from his beard grew willows, from his mouth
+a fir-tree, and an oak upon his forehead. Then Wainamoinen drew his
+magic hatchet from its leather sheath, and cut down all the trees that
+were growing over Wipunen. And then he took his magic staff and thrust
+it between Wipunen’s teeth and prised open his mouth, and as he did so,
+he sang a spell to bring Wipunen’s spirit back from the Deathland,
+Tuonela. And when the spell was sung, Wipunen felt the pain of the staff
+within his mouth, and bit it so hard that he cut clear through the iron
+outside, but the centre was of steel, too hard even for Wipunen’s teeth.
+So he opened his mouth wide in anguish, and as he did so Wainamoinen
+slipped and fell headlong, armour and all, right down his throat. And
+Wipunen said, as he swallowed him: ‘I have eaten sheep and reindeer,
+bears and oxen, but I have never tasted a sweeter morsel than this.’ But
+now Wainamoinen was sorely per-plexed to know what he should do. After
+pondering over the matter, he took a dagger that he wore, and from the
+wooden handle he built a boat by the aid of magic spells, and began to
+row all through the old magician’s body, through every single vein and
+vessel, but Wipunen scarcely felt it, and paid no attention to him. Then
+Wainamoinen thought again, and taking off his armour he made it into a
+forge with bellows and all complete, and used his knees for an anvil and
+his arm for a hammer, and started to work. For three days he worked away
+inside the magician’s body, until the bellows blew a perfect whirl-wind
+and the anvilirang like thunder. At length old Wipunen could bear it no
+longer and cried out : ‘What great magician art thou, for I have eaten
+many men and heroes, but never such an one as thou: for the smoke is
+pouring from my nostrils, and the fire streams from my mouth, and my
+throat is full of iron clinkers. Go and leave me, wretched torturer! Why
+hast thou come hither to hurt me? Art thou a trial sent by mighty Ukko,
+for if so I will be resigned, but if thou art of some human race, I will
+search out thy tribe and destroy it. Leave my body, cease thy forging,
+let me rest in peace and slumber. Or if thou wilt not leave me, I will
+call on all the great magicians of the past, the spirits of the
+mountains and woods and seas and rivers, on Ilmatar, daughter of the
+ether, to assist me. Or if these be not sufficient, I will call on
+mighty Ukko to drive thee forth. If thou art from the winds, then return
+to the copper mountains where they live; if from the sea, return to it;
+if from the forests, then return to them, or I will drive thee to the
+bottom of the coal-black river of Tuoni, whence thou shalt never move
+again.'
+
+'I am well contented here,' said Wainamoinen, 'in these roomy caverns. I
+can eat thy heart and flesh and for drink I will take thy blood. And I
+will set my forge still deeper in thy vitals, and will swing my hammer
+still harder on thy heart and lungs and liver. I shall never leave thee
+until I learn all thy wisdom, and the three lost words, that all thy
+magic knowledge may not perish with thee from the earth.'
+
+Then Wipunen began to sing all his knowledge and his magic spells for
+Wainamoinen. He sang the origin of witchcraft, the source of good and
+evil and how by the will of Ukko the water was first divided from the
+ether. And next he sang of how the moon and sun were made, and whence
+the colours of the rainbow came, and how the stars were sprinkled in the
+sky. Three whole days and nights he sang, until the stars and the moon
+stood still to listen, and the very waves of the sea and the tides
+ceased to rise and fall, and the rivers stopped in their courses.
+
+At length Wainamoinen had learned all the wisdom of the great magician,
+and the three lost words, and he made ready to leave Wipunen's body,
+bidding him open wide his mouth that he might get out and leave him for
+ever.
+
+'I have eaten many things, O Wainamoinen,' said Wipunen, 'bears and
+reindeer, wolves and oxen, but never such a thing as thou. Now thou hast
+found the wisdom that thou seekest, go in peace and never come back to
+me.'
+
+Then he opened his mouth wide, and Wainamoinen glided forth and hastened
+swiftly as the deer to Kalevala. First he went into the smithy, and
+Ilmarinen asked him if he had learned the lost words that would enable
+him to finish his vessel. 'I have learned a thousand magic words,'
+answered Wainamoinen, 'and among them are the lost words that I sought.'
+
+Thereupon he hastened off to where his vessel lay, and with the three
+lost words he joined the stem and stern and raised the bulwarks. Thus he
+had built the vessel with magic alone, and by magic art he launched it
+too, not touching it with foot or knee or hand, using only magic to push
+it. Thus was the task completed which should gain for him the
+Rainbow-maiden in her beauty.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Oh! _do_ hurry and tell us about that,' said Mimi, and Father Mikko
+continued.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RIVAL SUITORS
+
+
+Now the Rainbow-maiden was really the same as old Louhi's fairest
+daughter, whom Wainamoinen had wooed, and for whom Ilmarinen had made
+the magic Sampo, and Wainamoinen had learned this. So when the magic
+boat was finished, he made ready for a journey to the Northland, to try
+once more to win the fair Pohjola maiden for his bride.
+
+He ornamented the magic vessel with gold and silver, and painted it
+scarlet, and on the masts he set sails of linen, red, white, and blue.
+Then he stepped on board, and called on Ukko to protect and help him,
+and on the winds to aid him on his way, and off the magic boat flew
+towards Pohjola, never needing an oar to help it.
+
+Annikki, Ilmarinen's sister, was down by the seashore just at dawn that
+morning, and as she gazed out over the sea, she saw a blue speck in the
+distance. At first she thought it was a flock of birds, and then as it
+drew nearer it looked like a great tree floating on the water, but at
+last she saw that it was a vessel with but one man in it, and when it
+came still nearer she recognised Wainamoinen.
+
+She called out to him and asked him whither he was going. He replied
+that he was come a-fishing, but Annikki said: 'Thy boat is not rigged
+like a fisher-boat, nor hast thou lines or nets with thee. Tell me the
+truth, O Wainamoinen!' And he answered the second time, that he had come
+to kill wild geese and ducks. But Annikki told him that she knew that
+was untrue, for he had no hunting dogs in the vessel with him, nor any
+weapons. Then he told her that he was sailing to the wars. Annikki
+replied: 'My father often used to sail to war, but in a ship with many
+rowers, and with many armed heroes on board, but thy vessel is surely
+not fitted for battle. Now tell me the truth, O wise Wainamoinen, or
+else I will send a storm-wind after thee and break thy ship in pieces.'
+
+Then he told her the truth, that he was going to woo the Rainbow-maiden,
+Louhi's daughter, and then Annikki knew that he spoke the truth. She
+hurried off to her brother's smithy and said to him: 'Dearest brother,
+if thou wilt forge for me a silver loom and gold and silver finger-rings
+and earrings, golden girdles and golden ornaments for my hair, I will
+tell thee something that is very important for thee to know.'
+
+So Ilmarinen promised, and his sister said: 'O Ilmarinen, if thou hopest
+ever to wed the fair maid of Pohjola, thou must hasten and make thy
+sledge ready, for Wainamoinen is now sailing thither in a magic boat to
+win her before thee.' Then Ilmarinen bade his sister prepare a magic
+soap and make a bath ready for him while he was forging the gold and
+silver ornaments that she had bargained for.
+
+When Ilmarinen had finished his work he found the bath and the magic
+soap all ready for him, and he began to wash off the grime and dirt and
+soot of the smithy. When he was through, and came out of the bath, he
+had grown wonderfully bright and handsome, for the magic soap had made
+his cheeks rosy and his eyes bright as moonlight. Then he put on his
+finest garments, soft linen, and silken stockings, a blue vest and
+scarlet trousers, and a fur coat of sealskin, held by buttons made of
+jewels, and a belt with golden buckles. After he was dressed he ordered
+his magic sledge to be harnessed, and on the front placed six cuckoos
+and seven blue-birds that they might sing and charm the Northland
+maiden.
+
+When all was ready Ilmarinen prayed to great Ukko to send snow that it
+might cover all the country and let his sledge glide easily to Pohjola.
+And the snow came, and Ilmarinen wrapped himself up warmly in bear-skins,
+and drove off like the wind, first invoking Ukko's blessing on his
+journey. On he went, over hill and dale, with the cuckoos and blue-birds
+singing on the sledge, and then he drove along the seashore to the north
+in a cloud of snow and sand and mist and sea-foam, looking out for
+Wainamoinen's vessel. On the evening of the third day he caught up with
+Wainamoinen, and called out to him: 'O ancient Wainamoinen, let us woo
+the maiden peacefully, and let her choose which one of us she will.' To
+this Wainamoinen agreed; and having promised not to use deceit of any
+sort against one another, they hurried on their way,--Wainamoinen
+calling up the south wind to help him, and Ilmarinen's steed shaking the
+hills of Northland as he galloped on.
+
+Soon they drew near to Louhi's dwelling, and the watchdogs began to bark
+more loudly than they had ever done before. Louhi's husband told his
+daughter to go and see what the trouble was, but she replied that she
+was busy grinding barley, and could not go. Then he told his wife to go,
+but she was too busy cooking dinner. So the father grew angry, and
+said: 'Women are always busy either baking or sleeping; go, my son, and
+learn what all the trouble is.' But the son refused, because he was busy
+splitting wood.
+
+So at last Louhi's husband was obliged to go himself, for the dogs kept
+barking louder and louder. There, as soon as he had reached the gate, he
+saw a scarlet-coloured ship sailing into the bay, and a sledge driving
+up along the shore at full speed. Then he hastened back into the house,
+and told them all that he had seen. And Louhi took a branch and gave it
+to her daughter, saying: 'Place this on the fire, my daughter, and if in
+burning it drips blood, then these strangers bring war and bloodshed;
+but if clear water, then they come in peace.'
+
+So the maiden put the branch on the fire, and as they watched it they
+saw honey trickling out, and from this Louhi knew that the two men were
+coming as suitors. Then they hastened out into the courtyard, and saw
+the vessel in the harbour, painted scarlet, and an ancient white-bearded
+magician at the helm; and on the land they saw a brightly-coloured
+sledge, with cuckoos and bluebirds singing on the front, and driven by a
+young and handsome hero.
+
+Louhi immediately recognised them both, and said to her daughter: 'Wilt
+thou have one of these suitors, dearest daughter? He that comes in the
+ship is good old Wainamoinen, bringing countless treasures for thee from
+Kalevala. The other in the sledge, with the singing birds, is the
+blacksmith Ilmarinen, who brings no presents save himself. When they
+come into the house bring a pitcher of honey-drink, and give it to the
+one that thou wilt follow. Give it to old Wainamoinen, for he brings
+thee countless treasures.'
+
+But the daughter replied: 'I will never marry a man for riches, but for
+his real worth. Mothers did not use to sell their daughters thus in the
+olden times to suitors whom they did not love. I shall choose Ilmarinen
+for his true worth and wisdom.'
+
+Old Louhi grew angry at this, and tried to change her daughter's mind,
+but all she could say did not move her; and just then Wainamoinen came
+to the house, and addressed the maiden thus: 'Come with me, O lovely
+maiden, be my bride and honoured wife, and share my joys and sorrows
+with me.'
+
+The maiden answered: 'Hast thou built the magic vessel, using neither
+hand nor foot to touch it?'
+
+'I have built it, and brought it hither,' answered Wainamoinen. 'It is
+finely made by magic, and will live in the worst of storms; nothing can
+ever sink it.'
+
+But then the maiden said to him: 'I will not wed a husband born in the
+sea. Storms would bring us trouble, and the winds rack our hearts. I
+cannot go with thee, cannot marry thee, O Wainamoinen.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S WOOING
+
+
+Just as Wainamoinen had received his answer, Ilmarinen came hurrying
+into the house and into the guest-room. There servants brought him
+honey-drink in silver pitchers, but he said: 'I will never taste the
+drink of Northland till I see the Rainbow-maiden. With her I will gladly
+drink, for I have come hither to seek her hand.' Then Louhi said to him:
+'The maiden is not ready to receive thee, and thou may not woo her
+before thou hast ploughed the field of hissing serpents. Once the evil
+spirit Lempo ploughed it, but it has never been done since.'
+
+Ilmarinen wandered off sadly, but while he was pondering over what he
+should do, he saw the lovely maid herself. He went up to her and said:
+'Long ago I forged the Sampo for thee, and then thou promised to become
+my wife. But now thy mother demands that I first plough the field of
+serpents before I win thee.' But the maiden comforted him, and told him
+how to plough the field with a plough of gold and silver and copper.
+
+So Ilmarinen went off and built a smithy, and placed in the furnace gold
+and silver and copper and iron. And from these he forged a plough, with
+ploughshare of gold and beam of silver and copper handles; and for
+himself he made boots and gloves and armour of iron; and as he worked he
+sang magic spells to give his work power to overcome the serpents. Then
+he harnessed to the plough the fire-breathing Hisi-horse, and went into
+the field. There were serpents of every sort, creeping and crawling over
+one another, and hissing horribly, but Ilmarinen cast a spell over them,
+and ploughed the field, so that all the snakes were buried in the
+furrows. And then he went to Louhi, and claimed her daughter's hand.
+
+But Louhi refused to let him have her daughter until he should catch the
+great bear of Manala, and bring him to her. So he went off to the maid
+again, and told her what old Louhi had demanded of him. The lovely
+maiden instructed him how to prepare a muzzle for the bear, forging it
+of steel on a rock beneath the water, at a spot where three currents
+met together, and the straps were to be of steel and copper mixed. And
+Ilmarinen made a muzzle as she had directed, and set off for Manala, the
+dismal Deathland. As he went he prayed to the goddess of the mists to
+send a fog where the great bear of Manala was, so that he might not see
+Ilmarinen as he approached. And the goddess sent the fog, and Ilmarinen
+was able to creep up to the bear and throw the magic muzzle over his
+head, and then to lead him to Louhi without any trouble.
+
+When he had brought the bear to her, he asked her again for her lovely
+daughter's hand. But Louhi said to him: 'Thou must perform one more task
+still, and then, when that is done, thou shalt have my dear daughter.
+Catch for me the monster-pike that lives in the river of Tuoni, but thou
+may not use hook, nor line, nor nets, nor boat. Hundreds have been sent
+to catch it, but all have died in Tuoni's dark waters.'
+
+And now Ilmarinen was deeply discouraged, and went off to tell the
+maiden of this third task, which he thought it was impossible to do. But
+she told him to forge an eagle in his magic furnace, and that the eagle
+would catch the monster-pike for him. So Ilmarinen went to work and
+forged an eagle in his smithy: talons of iron, beak of steel and copper.
+And when the eagle was entirely made from iron and copper, he mounted
+on its back and bade it fly away to the river of Tuoni, there to catch
+the monster-pike. When they had reached the bank, Ilmarinen dismounted
+and began to search for the pike, while the eagle hovered over the
+water. While Ilmarinen was searching, a huge monster rose from the
+depths and tried to seize him, but the eagle swooped down, and with one
+bite of his mighty beak, wrenched off the monster's head. Still
+Ilmarinen continued his search, until at last the monster-pike itself
+rose up to seize him. But as it came to the surface, the giant-eagle
+swooped down upon it, and buried its talons in the pike's flesh. Then
+the fish, maddened with the pain, rushed down to the deepest caverns,
+dragging the eagle with it until the bird had to loose its hold and soar
+aloft again. A second time the eagle swooped down and struck deep into
+the pike's shoulders; but the pike dived to the bottom again and
+escaped. At last the eagle made a third descent, and this time grasped
+the pike firmly with his beak of steel, and planted his talons firmly on
+the rocks, and this time he succeeded in dragging the pike from out the
+river.
+
+Then the eagle flew off with the pike to the top of a tall pine-tree,
+and there ate the body of his victim, leaving the head for Ilmarinen.
+But the eagle himself soared up into the air, up beyond the clouds, and
+at length disappeared behind the sun.
+
+Ilmarinen returned to Louhi with the pike's head and again claimed her
+daughter in marriage. Louhi answered him: 'Thou hast performed this last
+task but badly, since thou only brought me the worthless head. But
+still, since thou hast completed the other tasks also, I will give thee
+my fair daughter. Thou hast won the Maid of Beauty, to be the help and
+joy of all thy future life.'
+
+But while Ilmarinen was rejoicing in his good fortune, the aged
+Wainamoinen wandered sorrowfully homewards, bewailing his sad lot, thus
+to be compelled to live without a wife to cheer his home. 'Woe is me,'
+he sang, 'that I did not woo and marry in my youth, for the old men
+cannot hope to conquer the young ones when they go a-wooing.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When this story was ended, Father Mikko stopped a while to rest, and the
+others discussed the stories that he had just told. All were pleased
+that the Rainbow-maiden had chosen Ilmarinen instead of the aged
+Wainamoinen, and little Antero asked 'Pappa' Mikko what they had had to
+eat at the wedding--he was rather more deeply interested in things to
+eat than anything else--so Father Mikko continued, after he had rested a
+while.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE BREWING OF BEER
+
+
+Great preparations were now made in Louhi's home for her daughter's
+wedding with Ilmarinen. In distant Karjala, a part of Kalevala, was a
+great ox, the largest in the world. It took a weasel seven days to
+travel round his neck and shoulders; the swallow had to fly a whole day
+without resting, to get from one horn-tip to the other; the squirrel
+travelled thirty days, starting from the tail, before he reached the
+shoulders. This great ox was led by a thousand heroes to Pohjola, to
+Louhi's house, but when he had come thither, no one could be found to
+kill him.
+
+Then there came an aged hero from Karjala, and went up to the ox to kill
+him with his war-club. But the ox turned and gave him one fierce glance,
+and the old warrior dropped his club and ran away and hid in the
+forest. Then they sent forth far and near to find some one to kill the
+ox, but no one came. At last there arose from the sea a tiny dwarf, who,
+when he stepped on land, grew suddenly into a giant, with hands of iron,
+a copper-coloured face, a hat of flint upon his head, and sandstone
+shoes upon his feet. As soon as this sea-spirit saw the ox, he rushed at
+it and killed it with one blow of his golden sword. Thus was the meat
+provided for the feast.
+
+The banquet-hall was so large that when a dog barked at one door no one
+could hear him at the opposite side, and when a cock crowed on the roof
+no one on the ground could hear him. Louhi went in thither, to see that
+all was being put in readiness, but while she was there she said aloud
+as if to herself: 'Whence will I get the liquor for my guests, for I
+know nothing of the secret of beer-brewing?'
+
+An old man was sitting beside the fire, and he answered her: 'Beer comes
+from barley, hops, and water. The seed of the hops were scattered
+loosely over the earth, and from them arose the graceful hop-vine,
+climbing over everything. The barley was planted in the land of
+Kalevala, and it grew and flourished there.
+
+'Then the hops, clinging to the trees, began to hum, and the barley and
+the water in the wells to sing, saying: "Let us join our forces
+together, that we may live united, for that is far better than to be
+separated as we now are." So the ancient maiden Osmotar took six golden
+grains of barley, seven hops, and seven cups of water, and set them in a
+caldron on the fire. There she let them steep and boil during the warm
+summer days, and at length poured off the liquor into tubs made of
+birch-wood. Now she pondered long how she should make the liquor ferment
+and cause it to foam and sparkle.
+
+'Then Osmotar called one of the Kalevala maidens and bade her step into
+the birchen tub. The maiden did so, and on looking around she saw a
+splinter of wood lying on the bottom. She picked it up, thinking it was
+worthless, but nevertheless she took it to Osmotar. Osmotar rubbed her
+hands upon her knees and turned the bit of wood into a white squirrel.
+As soon as she had made the squirrel, she sent it off to Tapio's
+kingdom, to the great forest, and commanded it to bring her cones from
+the magic fir-trees and young shoots from the magic pines. And the
+squirrel hurried off and travelled through the forest until it came to
+Tapio's home. There it found three magic pine-trees growing, and three
+fir-trees beside them, and having taken the young shoots and the cones
+and stowed them in its pouch, it came back again to Osmotar. But when
+she put the cones and pine-shoots into the beer, it still refused to
+ferment.
+
+'So Osmotar made the Kalevala maiden get into the birchen tub once more,
+and this time the maiden found a chip upon the bottom. When she took it
+to Osmotar, the latter rubbed her hands upon her knees again, and turned
+the chip into a magic golden-breasted marten. Then she sent the marten
+off to the dens of the mountain bears, to gather the foam from their
+angry lips as they fought with one another. The marten flew away, and
+soon returned with the foam that it had gathered from the mouths of the
+raging bears. But when Osmotar added it to the liquor there was no
+effect, and the beer remained as still as ever.
+
+'For a third time, then, the maid of Kalevala stepped into the tub, and
+this time found a pod on the bottom. Osmotar took the pod and rubbed it
+between her hands and knees, and there flew out of it a honeybee. She
+sent the bee off to the Islands of the Sea, telling it to go to a meadow
+there, where a maiden lay asleep, and growing by the maiden's side there
+were honey-grasses and fragrant flowers. From these the bee was to
+collect the honey and bring it back. The bee flew off straight over the
+ocean, and on the evening of the third day reached the Isles of the
+Sea, where it found the maiden fast asleep amongst the flowers, clad in
+a silver robe, with a girdle of copper. By her grew the loveliest and
+sweetest of flowers and grasses, and the bee loaded itself down with
+their honey and returned to Osmotar with it. This time, when the honey
+was placed in the beer it began to ferment and rise and bubble and foam
+until it filled all the tubs and ran over on the sands.
+
+'When the beer was ready, all the heroes of Kalevala came to drink it,
+and Lemminkainen drank so much that he became intoxicated. But Osmotar,
+now that she had made the beer, did not know how to keep it, for it was
+still running out of the tubs and over everything. While she was sitting
+and grieving over this, the robin sang to her from an aspen, and told
+her to put it into strong oaken barrels bound with copper hoops, and
+thus the last difficulty was overcome.
+
+'Thus was beer first brewed from hops and barley,' continued the old
+man, 'and the beer of Kalevala is famed to strengthen the feeble, to
+cheer the sad, to make the old young, and the timid brave. It makes the
+heart joyful and puts wise sayings on the tongue, but the fool it makes
+still more foolish.'
+
+Thus the old man ended his account of the origin of beer, and Louhi,
+who had listened to him carefully, took all the tubs she had and put
+hops and barley in them, and water on top, and then lit huge fires to
+heat stones, that she might drop them in the mixture and make it boil.
+She made such a great quantity of beer that the springs were emptied and
+the forests grew small, and such a vast column of smoke went up as
+filled half of Pohjola and was seen even in distant Karjala and
+Lemminkainen's home. And all the people there thought it arose from some
+mighty battle between great heroes. But Lemminkainen pondered over it,
+and at last he found out that it was the fires for Louhi's beer-making
+for the wedding feast, and he grew bitterly angry, for Louhi had refused
+_him_ her daughter's hand, and now had given her to Ilmarinen.
+
+But now the beer was ready and was stored away in casks hooped with
+copper, and thousands of delicate dishes were made ready for the feast.
+But when all was nearly ready the beer began to grow impatient in its
+casks, and cried out for the guests to come that songs might be sung in
+its honour. So Louhi sent first for a pike and a salmon to sing its
+praises, but they could not do it. Next she sent for a boy, but the boy
+was too ignorant to sing the praises of the beer, and all this time the
+beer was calling out more and more loudly from its prison. Then Louhi
+determined to invite the guests at once, lest the beer should break
+forth from the casks.
+
+So she called one of her servants and said to her: 'Go, my trusted
+servant, and call together all the Pohjola people to the banquet. Go out
+into the highways too, and bring in all the poor and blind and cripples,
+the old and the young, that they may be merry at my daughter's wedding.
+And ask all the people of Karjala and the ancient Wainamoinen, but be
+sure thou dost not invite wild Lemminkainen.' At this the servant asked
+why she was not to ask Lemminkainen, and Louhi answered: 'Lemminkainen
+must not come, for he loves war and strife, and would bring disturbance
+and sorrow to our feast, and scoff at our maidens.'
+
+And the servant, having learned from Louhi how she should recognise
+Lemminkainen, set off and invited rich and poor, old and young, the
+deaf, the blind, and the cripples in all Pohjola and Karjala, but did
+not ask Lemminkainen.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S WEDDING FEAST
+
+
+At length the guests began to arrive, and Ilmarinen came escorted by
+hundreds of his friends, driving a coal-black steed, and with the same
+birds singing on his sledge as when he came to woo the Rainbow-maiden,
+Louhi's fairest daughter. When he alighted from his sledge, Louhi sent
+her best servants to take the steed and give him the very best of food
+in a manger of pure gold. But as Ilmarinen advanced to enter the house,
+they found that he was too tall to pass through the doorway without
+stooping, which would have been very unlucky: so Louhi had to have the
+top beam taken away before he could enter.
+
+Inside the dwelling was so changed that no one would have recognised it.
+Louhi had cast a magic spell over it, and all the beams and door and
+window-sills were made from bones that gleamed like ivory; the
+windows were adorned with trout-scales, and the fires were set in
+flowers; and the seats and tables and floors were of gold and silver and
+copper, with marble hearth-stones and silken carpets on the floors.
+Louhi bade Ilmarinen welcome when he came into the guest-hall, and
+calling up her servant-maidens, she gazed at her daughter's suitor. The
+maidens bore wax tapers, and by their light the bridegroom looked
+handsomer than ever, and his eyes sparkled like the waves of the sea.
+
+[Illustration: LAPP WOMAN IN HOLIDAY COSTUME.]
+
+Then Louhi bade the maidens lead Ilmarinen to the seat of honour at the
+table in the great hall, and then all the other guests took their
+places, and the feast began. First of all the daintiest dishes of every
+sort were served by Louhi to the bridegroom--honey-biscuits,
+river-salmon, butter, bacon, and every delicacy one can think of--and
+after he was served, the servants took the dishes around to the others.
+After this the foaming beer was brought in silver pitchers, and all were
+served in the same order.
+
+All the heroes and magicians assembled there began to grow merry, and
+Wainamoinen said that some one should sing the praises of the beer. But
+no one else could be found to do it, and all pressed Wainamoinen to
+sing, so at last he arose and began. He sang of the beer first, and
+then from his great stock of wisdom he sang them one song after the
+other of the days of old, until every guest grew happy from his magic
+power of song. But when Wainamoinen had finished his singing, he added:
+'Yet I am but a poor singer. For if great Ukko should sing his perfect
+songs of wisdom, he would sing the oceans into honey and the sands to
+berries, and the pebbles into barley, the rivers into beer, the fruit to
+gold, and the mountains into bread. Grant thy blessing, great Ukko, upon
+this feast of ours. Send joy and health and comfort to all those here,
+that we may ever look back with pleasure to Ilmarinen's marriage with
+the fair Maiden of the Rainbow.'
+
+Thus Wainamoinen, the great singer, ended his singing, and the time had
+come for the bride and bridegroom to leave for their distant home in
+Kalevala. But first must Osmotar, the wise maiden, instruct the bride as
+to her future life. Osmotar told her that she must henceforth be
+thoughtful and not foolish, that she must love her husband's kinsfolks
+as her own. Osmotar told her, too, never to be idle, and then instructed
+her in all the many household duties of the wives of Kalevala, but at
+the same time impressed it upon her how wicked she would be if with all
+this she were to forget her own parents. After this Osmotar turned to
+the bridegroom and bade him ever love his bride and honour her, nor ever
+treat her ill.
+
+Thus she advised them both, and they made ready to leave. But the Maiden
+of the Rainbow wept, because she was leaving all the joys and pleasures
+of her youth, and those she loved, to go to a distant land, where all
+would be new and strange, and perhaps, too, hard for her. Yet at length
+all the farewells had been said, the last goodbye was spoken, and the
+two got into their sledge and the next instant the swift black steed
+flew off like an arrow, rushing on toward the land of Kalevala, leaving
+far behind them the gloomy Northland, which was yet so dear to the
+Rainbow-maiden, and which she was never to see again.
+
+Three days they journeyed onward over hill and valley without stopping,
+and the third evening brought them in sight of Ilmarinen's smithy, and
+they could see the smoke rising from the chimneys of their home. There
+they found that they had been expected for a long time, and there was
+great rejoicing when their sledge drove up, with the birds singing
+merrily on its front, and all bright and happy.
+
+Lakko, Ilmarinen's mother, received them at the door and welcomed the
+fair Rainbow-maiden most heartily, and when the bridal pair had taken
+off their furs, she served them with the very best of food and
+drink--choicest bits of reindeer, wheaten biscuit, honey-cakes, and fish
+of all sorts, and the best of beer. And while they ate, the others, who
+had been old Louhi's guests, began to arrive, and soon there was a great
+feast going on, almost as great a one as there had been before at
+Louhi's.
+
+While they were all feasting, Wainamoinen arose and began to sing again.
+This time he sang the praises of the bridegroom's father and mother, and
+the bride and groom, and ended up with praising the guests that were
+assembled there. Then he and many of the guests took their leave and
+journeyed off together to their homes. Three days they drove on
+together, and Wainamoinen kept on singing all the time, until suddenly
+his song was cut short, for his sledge ran into a birch-tree and was
+broken into pieces. But Wainamoinen considered the case and then said:
+'Is there any one here who will go to Tuonela, to the Deathland, for the
+auger of Tuoni, that I may mend my sledge with it?' But no one would
+venture on so perilous a journey, so at length Wainamoinen went himself
+and obtained Tuoni's magic auger, and with its aid, on his return, he
+put together his magic sledge again.
+
+Then he harnessed up his steed once more and galloped off to his home.
+Thus ended Ilmarinen's wedding and the feasts that followed it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These two stories took Antero's fancy, and he begged that 'Pappa Mikko
+would tell about some more times when they had good things to eat.'
+
+But Father Mikko said: 'People can't be eating all the time, Antero, and
+I think the others would rather hear about what Lemminkainen did, when
+he heard of the feast and was not invited himself.'
+
+Mimi cried 'Yes, yes!' and so the old man began.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE ORIGIN OF THE SERPENT
+
+
+As Lemminkainen was ploughing his fields one day, he heard the noise of
+sledges as if a vast number of people were on their way past. At once he
+guessed the reason, for they were the guests going to Ilmarinen's
+wedding, while he alone had not been invited. Then his face turned pale
+with anger, and he left his ploughing and hastened off to his house.
+When he arrived there, he asked his mother to give him a hearty meal,
+and after that he went to the bath-house and after the bath put on his
+finest garments, as if going to a feast.
+
+His mother asked him where he was going and he told her that he was
+bound for the great feast that Louhi had prepared. But his mother tried
+to keep him from going, telling him that they did not want him there, or
+else they would have invited him, but he answered: 'This sword with its
+sharp edges constantly reminds me that I am needed in distant Pohjola.'
+His mother spoke again, saying: 'Do not go, my dear son, for Death will
+meet thee thrice upon the way.' Lemminkainen replied that he did not
+fear Death, but would overcome him, but at the same time asked his
+mother what the first danger would be.
+
+'When thou hast travelled for one day,' she replied, 'thou wilt come to
+a stream of fire, with a fiery cataract, and in the fire-fall a rock,
+and on the rock a fiery hill, and on its top an eagle made of flames,
+who devours all that approach him.'
+
+Lemminkainen answered that he would easily pass this danger, and asked
+to know the second. His mother told him: 'When thou hast travelled two
+days, thou wilt come to a fiery pit filled with red-hot stones, and no
+one has ever been able to pass over it.'
+
+But Lemminkainen thought but little of this second danger, and asked his
+mother to tell him what the third one was. She replied: 'When thou hast
+gone one day farther, and hast come to Pohjola, the wolf and the black
+bear will attack thee, and many hundred men have perished in their
+jaws.' But he told her how easily he would overcome them and then have
+conquered all the dangers of the journey. Then his mother added: 'There
+are three things still to conquer. When thou reachest Louhi's dwelling,
+thou wilt find walls built of iron rising up to the sky, and surrounded
+by railings of spears on which are serpents and all manner of venomous
+creatures twisting and creeping about; and right before the gateway lies
+the largest of them all, longer than the rafters of a house. And beyond
+all this, thou wilt find great hosts of armed warriors, who have grown
+angry over their beer and they will certainly kill you. And if thou
+shouldst come into the courtyard, thou wilt find it full of sharp
+stakes, to hold the heads of those that go thither unbidden. Do not
+forget how thou once fared in Pohjola, that had I not saved thee thou
+wouldst now be at the bottom of Tuoni's river.'
+
+Yet after she had warned him of all this, Lemminkainen would not be
+persuaded to remain at home, but put on his magic armour of copper and
+took his father's sword, and his own strongest bow. Then he had his
+steed hitched to a sledge and went out into the courtyard to drive off.
+There his mother bade him farewell and gave him some last words of
+advice, telling him that if he should come to the feast, to drink but
+half of his goblet of beer, for there were serpents in the other half,
+and to behave modestly and not to try to take the best of everything for
+himself.
+
+When she had ended, Lemminkainen jumped upon his sledge, cracked his
+whip, and drove off like the wind. He had not gone far before a flock of
+wild birds flew across his road and dropped a few feathers on the
+ground. Lemminkainen stopped and picking them up put them carefully in
+his leather pouch, 'for,' he thought, 'no one knows what may happen.' As
+soon as he had picked up the feathers he was off again, but he had not
+gone far when his steed stopped in terror, for there, right in front of
+them, was a broad river of fire, and a fire-fall with a rock in the
+middle, and on the rock a fiery hill, and on the hill a flaming eagle.
+
+The Eagle asked him whither he was going, and Lemminkainen replied that
+he was hurrying to Louhi's feast and begged the Eagle to let him pass.
+'Truly thou shalt pass,' the Eagle answered, 'but only through the
+flames and down my throat.' But Lemminkainen was not dismayed. He took
+out the feathers from his pouch and rubbed them between his fingers, and
+presently there arose a whole flock of birds and flew straight down the
+eagle's mouth so that its hunger was satisfied, then Lemminkainen was
+able to pass over the river by the help of his magic, and to drive on
+his way.
+
+He drove for another day and then his horse suddenly stopped again in
+terror, for there was a huge pit full of fire right in front, which
+stretched as far as one could see to east and west. Yet Lemminkainen was
+not discouraged, but prayed to great Ukko, that he would send a great
+storm from all the four points of the compass, and fill the pit with
+snow. And the snow came and as it fell into the seething pit of fire it
+melted and formed a lake; and Lemminkainen quickly cast a spell upon
+this lake so that a solid bridge of ice was formed over it, and he drove
+over in perfect safety.
+
+Thus the second danger was passed and he drove on more swiftly than
+ever. After another day's journey, when he had come near to Louhi's
+abode, his horse stopped again, trembling with fear. This time there
+were a fierce wolf and a great black bear in the road. But Lemminkainen
+put his hand into his leathern pouch and pulled out a tuft of wool. This
+he rubbed between his hands and breathed on it, and it changed into a
+whole flock of sheep, on which the bear and the wolf jumped and left
+Lemminkainen to pursue his journey in peace.
+
+In a very short time he had reached Louhi's house. But there he found
+the great wall of iron and the fence of spears and the horrible snakes
+and lizards that his mother had told him of. Yet he pulled out his magic
+broad sword and cut an opening through the wall and the fence of spears
+and the mass of serpents, and passed through to the gateway. There he
+found a huge serpent with a hundred eyes, each as large as bowls, and a
+thousand tongues long as javelins, and teeth like hatchets. Lemminkainen
+sang one spell, but it was not powerful enough, and the huge monster
+started to rush at him and seize him in its awful mouth. But
+Lemminkainen just in time began to sing a stronger spell.
+
+For evil things cannot bear to have their wicked origin told, and if
+therefore one sings the source of any evil, one makes it harmless at
+once, so Lemminkainen sang: 'If thou wilt not give room for me to pass,
+I will sing of thy evil origin, will tell how thy horrid head was made.
+Suoyatar, thy evil mother, once spat upon the waves of the sea. The
+spittle was rocked by the waves and warmed by the sun, until after a
+long time it was washed ashore. There the daughters of Ukko, the
+Creator, saw it, and said: "What would happen if great Ukko were to
+breathe the breath of life into this writhing, senseless mass?" But Ukko
+overheard them and said: "Naught but evil comes from evil, therefore I
+will not give it life."
+
+'Now, wicked Lempo heard what Ukko had said, and he himself breathed
+into it the breath of life, and shaped it to the form of a serpent,
+adding to the spittle all manner of evil things, every poisonous plant
+and thing from the Deathland. This was thine origin, O Serpent, vilest
+thing of all creation; therefore clear the pathway that I may enter the
+halls of the hostess Louhi.'
+
+Thus sang Lemminkainen, and the serpent uncoiled itself and crawled
+away, while Ahti himself went on through the gateway.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE UNWELCOME GUEST
+
+
+Thus Lemminkainen came unbidden to Louhi's abode, but he had arrived too
+late for the feast. He entered the house with such a mighty tread that
+the floors bent under him and the walls and ceilings creaked as he
+advanced. Louhi's husband was seated in the guest-room, and Lemminkainen
+said to him: 'The same greeting to thee that thou givest to me! Are
+there food and beer here for a stranger and barley for a hungry steed?'
+
+Louhi's husband answered: 'I have never yet refused a place in my
+stables for a stranger's horse, and if thou wilt act honestly there is a
+place for thee between the iron kettles.'
+
+Lemminkainen said: 'When my father Lempo comes to a house as a guest, he
+is well received and given the place of honour. Why should I, his son,
+be put between the pots and kettles to be covered with soot?' With these
+words he walked up to the table, and taking his seat he waited to be
+served.
+
+Then Louhi said to him: 'O Lemminkainen, thou wert not invited hither,
+and I feel that thou bringest sorrow with thee. All our dinner was eaten
+and our beer drunk yesterday, and we have nothing left for thee.'
+
+This made Lemminkainen very angry, and he replied: 'O toothless mistress
+of Pohjola, thou hast managed thy feast very badly, for thou hast had
+delicacies of every sort for the others, who gave but trifling presents,
+while for me, who have sent the most of all, thou hast nothing at all
+after my long journey.'
+
+Then Louhi called up one of her meanest servants and bade her serve the
+guest. And there came a little short woman, who made ready a soup out of
+fish-bones and fish-heads and crusts of bread and turnip-stalks, and
+brought him the worst of the servants' beer to quench his thirst with.
+Lemminkainen looked into the pitchers of beer, and saw snakes and worms
+and lizards floating about in them. This made him furiously angry, yet
+he resolved to drink the beer at any rate, and then to punish them for
+their evil treatment of him. So he drew a fish-hook out of his magic
+wallet, and with it he caught all the evil creatures in the beer and
+killed them with his sword, and drank the beer.
+
+When he had done this, he turned to the host and upbraided him for his
+bad treatment, and finally said that as the Pohjola folk could not treat
+guests decently, perhaps he could purchase good beer at least. At this
+Louhi's husband grew angry and conjured up a little lake in the floor at
+Lemminkainen's feet, and bade him quench his thirst at that. But
+Lemminkainen conjured up a bull with gold and silver horns, that drank
+up all the water. Then Louhi's husband conjured up a wolf to devour the
+bull, but Ahti called up a rabbit to draw off the wolf's attention. Next
+the host conjured up a dog to eat the rabbit, but Ahti drew away the dog
+by means of a squirrel that he called up by his magic. At that the host
+made a golden marten to catch the squirrel, and Lemminkainen a
+scarlet-coloured fox which ate the golden marten. Next the host conjured
+a hen to distract the scarlet fox, and Lemminkainen made a hawk to tear
+the hen to pieces.
+
+Then old Louhi's husband cried: 'We shall never be happy here until thou
+art driven out, O evil Ahti,' and with these words he drew his sword and
+challenged Lemminkainen to combat. So Ahti drew his sword also, and
+when the two were measured, they found that Ahti's was the shorter by
+half an inch.
+
+Then Lemminkainen said to his host: 'Although thou hast the longer
+sword, yet thou shalt begin the fight.'
+
+After this they placed themselves in position, and the host of Pohjola
+began. But so powerful was Lemminkainen's magic that he only hit the
+walls and floor and rafters, but could not touch Ahti himself. Then
+Lemminkainen said sneeringly: 'What harm have the walls and rafters
+done, that thou shouldst cut them to pieces. But come, let us go out
+into the courtyard, that the hall may not be covered with blood.'
+
+So they went out into the yard, and there they spread out an ox-hide,
+and took up their places on it to continue the fight. Lemminkainen again
+allowed the host to begin, and the latter struck three mighty blows, but
+still could not harm Ahti. Then the battle began in real earnest, and
+the sparks flew from their swords until it seemed as if there were a
+sheet of flame flowing from Lemminkainen's sword and down upon the head
+and shoulders of his opponent. And when he saw this, Lemminkainen said:
+'O thou son of Pohjola, see how thy neck is shining like the ocean at
+dawn.'
+
+The other turned without thinking, to see what it was, and quick as
+lightning Lemminkainen whirled his sword round his head, and with one
+blow cut off the host's head as easily as one cuts the top from a
+turnip, and the head rolled along on the ground. In the yard were
+hundreds of sharp stakes, and on all but one there was a human head. So
+Lemminkainen quickly took the host's head and stuck it on the empty
+stake, and then went into the house and ordered Louhi to bring him water
+to wash his hands, as he had just slain her husband.
+
+But Louhi hastened out and called in hundreds of armed warriors to
+avenge her husband's death. And in a very short time Lemminkainen saw
+that he must either flee or else be killed if he remained.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE ISLE OF REFUGE
+
+
+Lemminkainen hastened from Louhi's house and looked around for his
+sledge and steed to escape from the Pohjola men. But both had
+disappeared, and in their place he found only a clump of willows. As he
+stood there, wondering what he should do next, the noise of armed men
+running together grew louder and louder, and he knew that they would
+soon reach him. So Lemminkainen changed himself into an eagle, and rose
+up into the clouds. As he flew towards the south he met a gray hawk
+flying northward, and called to it: 'O Gray Hawk, fly to Pohjola and
+tell the warriors of the Northland that they will never catch the Eagle,
+Lemminkainen, ere he reaches his home in distant Kalevala.'
+
+Then he flew on home and taking on again his own form, he went to his
+mother's house. When she saw the troubled look in his face, she guessed
+that some great danger threatened him, and began to ask him if it were
+this, or that, or the other that troubled him, but to all her questions
+he answered 'no.' At length she bade him tell her, then, what his
+trouble was, and he replied: 'All the men of Northland are sharpening
+their swords and spears to kill thy unlucky son Ahti, for I have slain
+the host of Pohjola, Louhi's husband, in a quarrel, and the men of
+Northland will soon come hither to avenge it.'
+
+His mother then reminded him how she had warned him of the journey and
+its troubles, and asked him where he was going to take refuge.
+Lemminkainen replied that he did not know, and asked his mother to help
+him, and she answered: 'If I should turn thee into a tree, thou might be
+cut down for firewood. Or if into a berry, the maidens might pluck thee.
+Or if to a fish, thou would never have a happy life. But if thou wilt
+swear to me not to go to war again for sixty years, then I will tell
+thee of a distant isle, far off across the ocean, where thou mayst rest
+in safety.'
+
+So Lemminkainen gave his promise, on his honour, not to fight for sixty
+years, and then his mother told him how to find the isle of refuge. He
+must sail across nine seas and in the middle of the tenth he would come
+to the island, where his father had once taken refuge long before. There
+he must stay until the third year was come, and then he might return to
+his home.
+
+Lemminkainen took enough provisions in his boat for a long journey, and
+then bidding farewell to his mother and his home he sailed away. When he
+had raised the linen sails, he called up a fair wind to drive him
+onward, and for three months he sailed on without a moment's rest, until
+at length he reached the magic Isle of Refuge.
+
+First, he asked the people of the island if there was room there for his
+boat, and on receiving their consent he drew it up out of the water.
+Next he asked them if he might take refuge and conceal himself there,
+and they granted this too; but when he asked for a little ground to
+cultivate, and a place in the forest to cut down the trees, they told
+him that the whole island had long ago been divided up amongst them, and
+that he must live in one of their houses if he wished to stay on the
+island.
+
+But Lemminkainen was not satisfied with this, and told them that he only
+wished to be allowed to go into the forest and sing some few magic songs
+there, and this they willingly allowed him to do. So he went into the
+forest and began to sing the most wondrous spells, making oak-trees to
+grow up around him, and on each branch an acorn, and on each acorn sat
+a cuckoo. Then the cuckoos began to sing, and gold fell from every beak,
+and silver from their wings, and copper from their feathers, until the
+isle was abundantly supplied with precious metals. Then Lemminkainen
+sang again, and turned the sand to gems and the pebbles into pearls, and
+he covered the whole island with flowers, and made little lakes with
+gold and silver ducks swimming in them, until every one was delighted,
+and the maidens most of all.
+
+Then Ahti said: 'If I were in a fine castle I would conjure up the most
+wonderful feasts and sing the grandest songs you have ever heard.' No
+sooner had he said this than they led him to their finest castle, and
+there he conjured up a splendid feast, with knives and forks and all the
+dishes made of gold and silver. From this time on Ahti was treated as an
+honoured guest, and spent his time most delightfully. In every village
+on the island were seven castles, and in each castle were seven
+daughters, and all of these made Lemminkainen welcome as he went from
+one to another according to his fancy. Thus he spent the whole of his
+years of exile; but there was one maid, old and ugly, and living in a
+remote village, whom he neglected.
+
+At length the time of his return was come, and he made up his mind to
+leave. But just as he had decided to go, the maid whom he had neglected
+came to him and bade him beware, for she was going to take revenge for
+his slighting her; but Lemminkainen scarcely heard her, for he was so
+busy thinking about his journey home. But the maiden went around to all
+the men of the island, and told them evil stories about Lemminkainen,
+and then she went and burned his boat.
+
+The next morning Lemminkainen started off to bid his friends the maidens
+farewell, but he had not gone far before he saw the men getting their
+weapons ready to come and attack him, and he saw that he must fly
+immediately if he wished to escape alive. So he hastened down to his
+boat, but when he reached it there were only the ashes left. At first he
+did not know what to do, but he spied seven broken pieces of planks and
+a few fragments from a broken distaff, and taking these he began to sing
+some mystic spells over them. No sooner had he finished his incantations
+than a magic boat stood ready before him, and he got into it and sailed
+away. But before he was far from the shore all the maidens came down to
+the beach and began to weep and beg him to come back and dwell with them
+for ever. But Lemminkainen answered them that he felt a great longing to
+see his home once more and his mother, yet that he was truly sorrowful
+to leave them, but it must be so. And so he sailed on until the isle was
+out of sight.
+
+The boat sailed on and on for two days and nights, but on the third day
+came a mighty storm-wind, and tossed the vessel about until it broke all
+in pieces, and left Lemminkainen struggling in the waters. He swam for
+long days and nights, struggling with the waves, until at length he
+reached a rocky point projecting out into the ocean. There he landed and
+soon found his way to a castle that was built upon the rocks. He told
+the mistress of the castle how he had been in the water for days and
+days, and was almost perishing from hunger, and she, being a
+kind-hearted woman, gave him a splendid feast of bread and butter, veal
+and bacon, and fish and honey-cakes, and when he had eaten that and
+rested, she gave him a new boat, loaded with provisions, in which to
+finish his journey.
+
+So off he sailed again, and after many weary days of sailing he at
+length reached his beloved island-home. But when he landed and went up
+to where the house had stood, there was not a sign of anything left. The
+whole place was all overgrown with trees and bushes.
+
+Then Lemminkainen sat down and began to weep; but it was not for the
+loss of his home and all his riches that he wept but for his beloved
+mother. As he sat there he caught sight of an eagle flying in the air
+above, and Ahti asked him if he knew what had happened to his mother.
+But the eagle could only tell him that his people had all perished long
+go. Next he asked the raven, and the raven told him that his people had
+been killed by his enemies from Pohjola.
+
+On hearing this Lemminkainen began again to mourn her loss, and to look
+about for some dear relic that he might keep in remembrance of her. But
+as he looked he suddenly came on a faint pathway leading away from the
+house, and on it he saw the prints of light feet. He began to follow it
+eagerly, over hill and valley until he reached the gloomy forest. There
+it led him to a hidden glade, right in the middle of the island, and
+there he found a humble cabin, and his gray-haired mother weeping in it.
+
+Ahti cried aloud for joy at the sight of her, and then he told her how
+he had mourned her as dead. She asked him in return how he had spent
+those years on the Isle of Refuge, and he told her all; how charming the
+life there was, and how he had enjoyed himself there, but that at the
+end all the men of the isle had come to hate him, because the maidens
+admired him so much, and how through their jealousy and the hatred of
+the one maid whom he had neglected, he had nearly lost his life. And
+when he had ended his story they both gave thanks to great Ukko that
+they had found each other again.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE FROST-FIEND
+
+
+When the next day began to dawn, Lemminkainen went to the beach, that
+was hidden behind a projecting point, where his vessels lay. He found
+them still there, but as he approached he heard the rigging wailing in
+the wind, and saying: 'Must we lie here for ever and rot, since Ahti has
+sworn not to go to war for sixty long years?'
+
+Then Lemminkainen cried out to his vessels: 'Mourn no more, my good
+warships, for soon ye shall be filled with warriors and hastening to the
+battle.' When he had uttered these words he hurried back to his mother
+and bade her sorrow no longer over the insult that the Pohjola warriors
+had offered to her, for he was going now to make war on them in order to
+punish them for it.
+
+His mother, when she heard his intention, besought him earnestly not to
+go to war and break his oath to her, for some great misfortune would
+surely come upon him. But he paid no heed to her, and went to seek his
+friend Kura to accompany him on his expedition. When he came to the isle
+on which Kura lived, he went up to the house and said: 'O my dear friend
+Kura, dost thou not remember the time when we fought together long ago
+against the men of dismal Northland? Come with me now and be my
+companion in another war against them.'
+
+Now Kura's father was sitting by the window, whittling out a javelin,
+and his mother was near the door skimming milk, and his brother and
+sisters were also working near by. And all of them cried out that Kura
+could not go to war, for he was but lately married, and they bade
+Lemminkainen leave him.
+
+But Kura himself jumped up from where he was lying before the fire, and
+began to put on his armour in great haste. On his helmet were wolves of
+bronze, and a horse on each javelin. Then Kura took his mighty spear,
+and going forth into the court he hurled it towards the north; and it
+flew on and on, whistling through the air, until at length it fell upon
+the earth of the distant Northland. And after this Kura touched his
+javelin against Lemminkainen's spear and promised to be his faithful
+comrade in the expedition. So the two great warriors made all needful
+preparation and set forth to sail to dismal Pohjola.
+
+But Louhi knew by magic art that they were coming, and she called the
+Black-frost to her, and gave him these commands: 'Hasten forth, O
+Black-frost, and freeze all the wide sea. Freeze Lemminkainen's vessel
+fast in the ice, and freeze the magician himself in his vessel, so that
+he may never more awaken from his icy sleep until I myself may choose to
+free him.'
+
+So the Black-frost hastened off to do her bidding. And first he stripped
+the leaves off the trees and took all the colour from the flowers on his
+way to the seashore. When he reached the shore, the first night he
+froze all the rivers that empty into the sea and the waters along the
+shore, but he did not touch the open sea that night. But on the second
+night he froze all the sea, and the ice kept growing thicker and thicker
+all around Lemminkainen's vessel, until at last the Black-frost even
+began to freeze Lemminkainen's hands and feet and ears.
+
+But when Lemminkainen felt this he began to sing an incantation against
+the Black-frost, saying: 'Black-frost, evil child of the Northland and
+only son of Winter, thou mayst freeze the trees and waters and the very
+stones,--but let me be in peace. Freeze the iron mountains till they
+burst in sunder; freeze Wuoksi and Imatra, but do not try to harm me,
+for I will sing thine origin and make thee powerless. For thou wert born
+on the borders of the ever-dismal Northland, and wert fed by crawling
+snakes. The Northwind rocked thee to sleep in the marshes, and thus thou
+grew, a thing of evil, and at last the name of Frost was given thee. And
+as thou became larger, thou didst learn to rend the trees in winter and
+to cover all the lakes with ice. But if thou wilt not leave me now, I
+will cast thee into Lempo's fiery hearth, and will lay thee on the
+anvil, that Ilmarinen may pound thee to pieces with his mighty hammer.'
+
+Now the Frost-fiend knew how great a magician Lemminkainen was, and
+therefore he agreed that he would leave the two warriors unharmed, but
+keep their ship frozen up as it was. And so Ahti and Kura had to leave
+their vessel and journey over the ice to land. At length they reached
+the country called Starvation-land, and there they found a house, but
+there was no food in it. So they went on still farther, over hill and
+valley, and as they went, Lemminkainen gathered soft moss from the
+tree-trunks and made stockings of it to keep their feet warm.
+
+On and on they went, seeking for some pathway to guide them, but all was
+one snow-covered wilderness. Then Kura said: 'Alas, O Ahti; we came
+hither to take vengeance on the men of Pohjola, but I fear that we shall
+leave our own bones here, and our flesh be food for eagles and ravens.
+We shall never learn the pathway that can guide us to our homes. My poor
+mother will never know what has become of me--whether I have perished in
+the heat of battle, or on some lonely hill, or in some dismal forest.
+She can only mourn me as one dead, and sit and weep bitter tears.'
+
+Then Lemminkainen said: 'My aged mother, think of our former happy days,
+when all went well and all was joy and happiness. But now sorrow and
+misfortune are come upon me, yet shall we not despair; for we are young
+and strong, and will give way neither to hunger nor to evil sorcerers,
+but will use the prayer my father used to pray, saying: "Guard us, O
+thou great Creator; shield us in thine arms, and give us of thy wisdom.
+Be our guardian and our Father, that thy children may not wander from
+the path which thou hast given them."'
+
+Then when Lemminkainen had finished speaking, he took his cares and made
+fleet coursers of them, and the reins he made of days of evil, and from
+his pains he made the saddles. Then he and Kura galloped off each to his
+own home, and thus Lemminkainen was once more returned to his aged
+mother's arms. Now let us leave him there, and Kura with his bride and
+kinsfolk, and speak hereafter of other heroes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Thus Father Mikko ended, adding: 'And I think we must stop now for the
+night, for it is getting late.' Then they had supper, and it was not
+long before all of them had gone to bed and were sound asleep.
+
+Early the next morning they were all awakened by a dull thud and a
+smothered shout. Erik and Father Mikko jumped up and lit a lantern, and
+then hurried to the door, which stood open. They had dug a passage-way
+out through the snow the day before, and they saw that the walls of snow
+had just caved in, and sticking out of the middle of the heap was a pair
+of small legs waving about wildly in the air.
+
+The next minute they had pulled out the owner of the legs, and little
+Antero stood before them, looking very much frightened and very foolish
+too. He had his snow-shoes and some meat with him, and managed to
+explain, between his sobs, that he had intended to go and hunt for
+reindeer in Lapland, the way Lemminkainen did in the story, but his
+snow-shoe had caught in the wall and disaster had overtaken him. The
+would-be hero was promptly taken in charge by Mother Stina, and soon all
+was quiet again.
+
+When they went out the next morning, they found that the snow had long
+since stopped, but the wind was blowing so hard and it was so bitterly
+cold, that Father Mikko was easily persuaded to stay another day.
+
+After dinner they settled down exactly as the day before, Mimi in
+'Pappa' Mikko's lap again, and in a few minutes he began to tell them
+some more of his wonderful stories.
+
+'I will tell you about some one you have not heard of yet,' Father Mikko
+said; 'about _Kullervo_, though I am sure you will none of you like
+Kullervo himself--but yet the story itself may be interesting.' So he
+began.
+
+[Illustration: MIMI IN HOLIDAY DRESS.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KULLERVO'S BIRTH
+
+
+Many ages ago there was a mother who had three sons, and one of them
+grew up to be a prosperous merchant, but the other two were carried
+off--one to distant Pohjola and one to Karjala. And the one in Pohjola
+was named Untamo, but the one in Karjala was called Kalerwoinen.
+
+One day Untamo set his nets near Kalerwoinen's home to catch salmon, but
+in the evening Kalerwoinen came by and took all the fish out of the nets
+and carried them off home. When Untamo found it out he went to his
+brother, and soon they fell to blows; but neither could conquer the
+other, though they gave one another sound beatings. After this had
+happened, Kalerwoinen sowed some barley near Untamo's barns; and
+Untamo's sheep broke into the field and ate the barley, and then
+Kalerwoinen's dog killed the sheep. This made Untamo so angry that he
+collected a great army and marched against his brother to put him and
+all his tribe to death. And when they reached Kalerwoinen's home they
+burned all the houses and killed every one except Kalerwoinen's daughter
+Untamala.
+
+Now not long after this a child was born to Untamala, and she named him
+Kullervo. Then they laid the fatherless infant in the cradle and began
+to rock him, but he began at once to make the cradle rock without
+assistance, and he rocked for three whole days, so hard that his hair
+stood quite on end. On the third day he began to kick until he had burst
+his swaddling clothes, and then he crept out of the cradle and broke
+that also in pieces. When Kullervo was only three months old he began to
+speak, and the first words which he uttered were these: 'When I have
+grown big and strong I will avenge the murder of my grandfather
+Kalerwoinen and his people.'
+
+At this Untamo was greatly alarmed, and took counsel with his people as
+to what should be done with the child. At length they hit upon a plan.
+They took the child and bound him firmly in a willow basket and then put
+him in the lake among the bulrushes. After three days had passed they
+went to see if he were dead, but he had broken loose from the basket and
+was sitting on the waves, fishing with a copper rod and a golden line;
+so they took him back again to the house. Next Untamo ordered a great
+heap of dried brushwood to be collected together, and a pile was made
+higher than the tree-tops; on the top of this they set the boy and then
+set fire to the pile. It burned three whole days, and then Untamo sent
+men to see if the child was dead; but they found him sitting in the
+middle of the fire raking the coals together with a copper rod, and not
+a hair of his head was even singed.
+
+Then they took him home and considered again how they should kill him,
+and this time they took him and crucified him on an oak-tree. And on the
+third day they came and found that he had painted an armed warrior on
+every leaf, made fast though he was to the tree, and so they took him
+down and brought him home again. This time they saw that they could not
+harm him, so Untamo told him that he would take him as a servant, and
+that if he did well he should be paid well.
+
+When Kullervo had grown a little, he was set to take care of a baby, and
+was given very careful instructions as to how to rock it and attend to
+all its wants; but the cruel Kullervo treated it harshly, and in the
+evening killed it and burned the cradle in the fire. So Untamo was
+afraid to give him any further employment about the house, but bade him
+go out and cut down the forest on the mountain side. Then Kullervo went
+to the smith and bade him make a huge axe of copper, and when it was
+ready he spent one day in sharpening it and another in making the
+handle, and then hastened off to the forest. There he chose the biggest
+tree on all the mountain side and felled it at one blow. Six more huge
+trees were cut down just as easily, but then Kullervo grew disgusted
+with the work, and pronounced a curse over the whole mountain, and
+stopped working.
+
+So when Untamo came in the evening to see how he was getting on, and
+found only seven trees felled, he saw that he must set Kullervo to some
+other task. The next day, therefore, he took him into a field and bade
+him build a fence round it. As soon as Untamo was gone, Kullervo set to
+work, using whole trees and raising the fence higher than the clouds;
+and when he had finished there was no gate to enter by, and the fence
+was so high that no one could climb over it. When Untamo came and saw
+what he had done, and that no one could now get into the field, he told
+Kullervo that he was unfitted for such work, and must go and thresh the
+rye and barley.
+
+Then Kullervo made a flail and set to work. And he threshed so hard that
+all the grain was beaten to powder and the straw was broken up into
+useless pieces. But when Untamo saw this, he grew very angry, and cried
+out that Kullervo was a wretched workman who spoiled whatever he
+touched, and the next day he took him off and sold him to the blacksmith
+Ilmarinen in distant Karjala. And the price Ilmarinen paid was three old
+worn-out kettles, seven worthless sickles, and three old scythes and
+hoes and axes, surely quite enough for such a fellow as Kullervo.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KULLERVO AND ILMARINEN'S WIFE
+
+
+As soon as the purchase was completed, Kullervo asked Ilmarinen and his
+wife to give him some work for the next day. So they decided to make him
+a shepherd. But the wife, once the Rainbow-maiden, did not like the new
+servant, so she baked him a cheat-loaf--a very thick loaf, half of
+barley, half of oatmeal, and with a great flint-stone in the centre, and
+around the flint-stone was melted butter. Then she gave it to Kullervo
+and told him not to eat it until he was out on the pasture-ground.
+
+The next morning Ilmarinen's wife showed Kullervo the cattle, and bade
+him take them to the open glades among the forests, where they would
+find food in abundance. Then she addressed a prayer to Ukko that he
+would guard the flock in case the shepherd should neglect them. And she
+sought the aid too of all the goddesses of the forest and the daughters
+of summer and the spirits of the fountains and the brooks, to care for
+her cattle and watch over them. And she also sang a spell to keep away
+the bear from coming and devouring them. And when all these prayers and
+spells were ended she sent Kullervo off with the herds.
+
+Kullervo drove them off to their pastures in the woods, carrying his
+lunch in a basket on his arm. And as he walked he sang of his hard lot
+as a slave, and how he was given only the scraps and crusts to eat,
+while his master and mistress fed on honey-cakes and wheaten biscuit. At
+length the time came for him to eat his luncheon, and he sat down and
+drew the cheat-loaf from the basket. But instead of eating it at once he
+turned it carefully over and over in his hands, and thought: 'Many
+loaves are fine to look at on the outside, but are nothing but chaff
+inside,' and he drew out his knife to try the loaf.
+
+This knife was the one thing that his mother had kept of all her
+father's possessions, and Kullervo looked upon it as something sacred.
+Now as he plunged it into the cheat-loaf it hit right upon the hard
+flint in the centre and broke in several pieces. Then Kullervo sat down
+and began to weep over his loss, and to ponder how he should revenge
+it. But a raven was sitting in a tree near by and overhead him talking
+to himself, and the raven said: 'Why art thou so distressed, Kullervo?
+Drive the herd away, one half to the wolves' and the other half to the
+bears' dens, so that they may all be devoured. And then when it is time
+to return home call together the wolves and bears and make them look
+like cattle, by thy magic art, and drive them home for thy mistress to
+milk. Thus thou wilt repay this insult.'
+
+At these words Kullervo jumped up and did as the raven had said. And
+when the sun was setting in the west, Kullervo hastened homeward,
+driving bears and wolves before him, but by a magic spell he made them
+look like cattle. And as he went, he said to them: 'Seize my hateful
+mistress when she comes to milk the cattle, and tear and rend her in
+pieces.' And he took a cow-horn and made a bugle of it and blew till the
+hills rang, to announce his return.
+
+When he reached the cow-yard, Ilmarinen's wife greeted him joyfully, for
+it was late and she had feared that something had happened. And she told
+her oldest maid-servant to go and milk the cows as she herself was busy.
+But Kullervo said: 'Thou shouldst go thyself, for the cows are in better
+condition to-night than they have ever been before.' And so she went,
+and when she saw them she cried out in wonder: 'Truly my cattle are
+beautiful to-night, for their hair glistens like the fur of lynxes, and
+is soft as ermine skin.'
+
+With these words she seated herself to begin milking, but all at once
+the wolves and bears appeared in their true shapes and began to tear her
+to pieces. Then she cried out to Kullervo, when she saw what he had
+done, but he answered: 'If I have done evil thou hast done still greater
+evil, for thou hast baked a stone inside my bread, and I have broken on
+it my knife, the only relic of my mother's people.'
+
+Then Ilmarinen's wife began to beg him to aid her, and promised him the
+best of everything to eat, and that he should never have to work again.
+But Kullervo would not listen to her prayers, but rejoiced at her agony,
+and then the wolves and bears made one more onset, and she fell and
+died. Such was the end of the beauteous Rainbow-maiden, for whom so many
+had wooed, and who had become the pride and joy of Kalevala.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KULLERVO'S LIFE AND DEATH
+
+
+Then Kullervo hastened off, before Ilmarinen should come home and find
+out what had happened. And after he was at a safe distance he began to
+play upon the bugle he had made, until Ilmarinen ran out of his smithy
+to see who it could be, and there before him in the courtyard Ilmarinen
+saw the body of his wife and learned what had happened: and he sat down
+and wept bitterly, for all the joy of his life was now gone from him.
+
+But Kullervo hastened on, and as he went he mourned his hard lot. When
+he had gone a little way he met an old witch on the road, and she asked
+him whither he was going. 'I shall journey to the dismal Northland,'
+answered Kullervo, 'there to slay the wicked Untamo, who has killed all
+my kinsfolk.' Then the witch said: 'Thou art wrong, for thy father and
+thy sisters escaped from Untamo's wrath, and now thy mother has joined
+them and they are living happily together on the distant borders of
+Kalevala.' And when Kullervo begged her to tell him the way to them she
+did so, and he hastened off to find them.
+
+At length he reached his parents' abode, but at first they did not
+recognise him. But when he spoke to his mother she knew him at once, and
+embraced him and kissed him, and made him welcome in his new home. And
+then they related to one another all that had happened in the years they
+had been apart, and his mother ended by saying: 'Praised be Ukko that
+thou hast come back to us; but there is yet one absent one--thy eldest
+sister strayed away many years ago, hunting berries on the hills, and we
+have never seen or heard of her since.'
+
+So Kullervo settled down to live with his parents, and began to work
+with the others. The first day they all went out to fish for salmon, and
+Kullervo was put at the oars to row their boat. Then he asked whether he
+should row with all his strength, or only a little part of it, and they
+told him that he could not pull too hard. So he put forth all his
+giant's strength, and in a minute the boat was all broken to pieces.
+
+His father said: 'I see that thou art too clumsy to row; perhaps thou
+wilt do better to drive the salmon into the nets.' And Kullervo asked
+again whether he should use all his strength, and he received the same
+answer as before. So he set to work beating the water to scare the fish
+into the net; but he beat so hard that he mixed all the mud on the
+bottom with the water, and pounded the salmon all to pulp and destroyed
+all the nets.
+
+Then his father saw that he was not fit for such work, so he sent him
+off to pay the yearly taxes. Kullervo did so, and after he had paid them
+he started off in his sledge to drive home again. He had not driven far
+when he met a lovely maiden, whom he asked to get into his sledge and
+come with him to his home and marry him. But she made fun of him, and he
+drove off in anger. When he had driven still farther he met another
+maiden, still more lovely than the first, and this one he at length
+persuaded to get into his sledge and come home with him and marry him.
+But when they had driven along for two days towards his home, the maiden
+asked him about his kinsfolk, and he told her that he was Kalervo's son.
+
+No sooner had the maiden heard this than she gave a great cry of anguish
+and cried out: 'Alas, then, thou art my brother! For I am Kalervo's
+daughter, who wandered off one day to pick berries and never returned,'
+and with these words she jumped from the sledge and hastened weeping to
+a river near by. There she plunged beneath the icy waters and was never
+seen again alive, but her lifeless body floated down to the black river
+of Tuoni.
+
+But Kullervo unharnessed his steed from the sledge and galloped off home
+and there related to his mother all that had occurred, and how he had
+unknowingly been the cause of his sister's death, and when he had
+finished his story, he added: 'Woe is me that I did not die long ago.
+But now I must hasten off to gloomy Pohjola, there to slay the wicked
+Untamo, and myself be also slain.' Having said this he also made ready
+his armour and ground his broadsword until it was as sharp as a razor.
+But before he went, he asked his father and brother and sister and
+mother if they would grieve when they heard of his death. And all but
+his mother told him that they would never sorrow over the death of such
+an evil fellow. But his mother alone said that, in spite of all the evil
+he had done, her mother's love was still strong and that she would weep
+over him for years to come.
+
+Thereupon Kullervo went forth on his journey to the icy Northland, but
+before he had gone far a messenger came and told him that his father was
+dead and asked Kullervo to come back and help bury him, but he would
+not come. And a little later he was told of the death of his brother and
+then of his sister, and last of all of his mother. Still he refused to
+come to bury any of them, only, when the news of his mother's death
+reached him, he mourned that he had not been with her in her last
+moments, and bade the servants bury her with every possible honour and
+respect.
+
+Now as he neared the home of Untamo's tribe, he prayed to Ukko to endow
+his sword with magic powers, so that Untamo and all his people might be
+surely slain. And Ukko did as he had asked, and with the magic sword
+Kullervo slew, single-handed, all Untamo's people, and burned all their
+villages to ashes, leaving behind him only dead bodies and smoking
+ruins.
+
+Then he hastened home, and found that it was only too true that all his
+family had died while he was away; and he went out to his mother's grave
+and wept over it. But as he wept, his mother spoke to him from the grave
+and bade him let their old dog lead him into the forest to the home of
+the wood-nymphs, who would care for him. So Kullervo set off, led by the
+faithful dog. But on the way they came to the grassy mound where
+Kullervo had met his long-lost sister, and there he found that even the
+grass and the flowers and the trees were weeping. Suddenly overcome with
+sorrow, he drew forth his magic sword from out its scabbard, and,
+bidding a last farewell to all the world, he thrust the handle firmly
+into the earth and threw himself upon the sword-point, so that it
+pierced his heart. Thus ended the evil life of Kullervo.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+They were all silent for a moment when the sad story of Kullervo's life
+and death was ended, and then Mimi said: 'I wish you'd tell us about
+nice men like Ilmarinen and Wainamoinen, Pappa Mikko; Kullervo was real
+hateful.'
+
+'Well, then, I will tell you of what Ilmarinen did when he had lost his
+wife, the Rainbow-maiden,'--and the old man began.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S BRIDE OF GOLD
+
+
+After Ilmarinen's wife had been so cruelly slain, he wept for three
+whole days and nights without ceasing. And after that for three months
+he did not go into his smithy nor even so much as lift his hammer from
+the ground. And as he mourned he cried: 'Woe is me, for all is weariness
+and sorrow now that my dear wife is slain, and there is no more rest for
+me in my home.'
+
+But after the three months of mourning were past, Ilmarinen went out and
+dug up a great quantity of gold and silver and cut down thirty
+sledge-loads of birch-trees, which he burnt to charcoal. Then he put the
+charcoal in the bottom of his furnace and laid a large piece of gold and
+a still larger piece of silver on top, and closing the furnace, he
+started the fire and set the workmen to blowing the bellows; but the
+men were lazy and let the fire go out. So Ilmarinen drove them all away
+and began to blow the fire by magic spells alone. Three days he worked
+the bellows by his magic spells, and on the evening of the third day he
+looked inside the furnace, hoping to see an image rising from the melted
+gold and silver. And there came forth a lovely lamb all gold and silver,
+and every one admired its beauty save Ilmarinen, who said: 'Get back
+into the furnace, for I only desire a beauteous bride, born of the
+melted gold and silver.'
+
+So he threw the lamb back into the furnace and added still more gold and
+silver and other magic metals, and then set his workmen to blow the
+bellows again. But they proved lazy this time too, and he had once more
+to use his magic spells to blow the fire. Again he looked into the
+furnace, on the evening of the third day, and this time there arose a
+colt of gold and silver and with hoofs of shining copper. Every one
+admired the beautiful colt save Ilmarinen, who threw it back into the
+furnace.
+
+Once more he added gold and silver and set the workmen to blow the
+bellows, but they neglected their work this time too. Then he blew the
+fire by magic, and cast other magic spells over the furnace, so that the
+gold and silver should grow into a lovely maiden. When he looked into
+the furnace on the evening of the third day, he saw at last the figure
+of a maiden rising from the flames, but it had neither feet nor hands
+nor ears. So Ilmarinen took her from the fire and forged unceasingly
+until feet and hands and ears were all completed, and the maiden was now
+the most beautiful that any one had ever seen, but yet she could not
+walk, nor talk, nor see, nor hear.
+
+But Ilmarinen carried the golden maiden out of the smithy and took her
+to the bath-room where he washed the golden and silver image and then
+took it and laid it in his couch, in his wife's place. That night he
+heaped up bear-skins and rugs of all kinds on top of the bed, hoping
+that the image would come to life from the warmth, but it was all in
+vain, and Ilmarinen was almost frozen himself when he rose next morning.
+Then he said to himself: 'Surely this lovely maiden was not meant to be
+my bride. I will take her to Wainamoinen, and perhaps she may come to
+life for him.'
+
+So off he went and offered the beautiful image to Wainamoinen, telling
+him that he had brought a lovely maiden to be Wainamoinen's bride now in
+his old age. But Wainamoinen, after praising the image's beauty, said:
+'My dear brother Ilmarinen, it is better to throw this image back into
+thy furnace, and to forge from the melted metal a thousand useful
+trinkets. For I will never wed an image made of gold and silver.'
+
+And then Wainamoinen turned to those of his people who were standing
+near by, and said to them: 'Never bow to any image made of gold or
+silver, for they cannot see, nor hear, nor speak, and they will only
+bring you sorrow.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S FRUITLESS WOOING
+
+
+So Ilmarinen cast the maid of gold into a corner of his smithy and
+harnessed up his sledge and drove off to the dismal Northland, to ask
+Louhi to give him another of her daughters in marriage. Three days he
+journeyed, and on the evening of the third he reached old Louhi's home.
+
+Louhi asked him how her daughter, the Rainbow-maiden, fared, and
+Ilmarinen, with hanging head and sorrowful face, told how his poor wife
+had perished, and ended up his story by asking Louhi to give him her
+next fairest daughter to be his wife. But Louhi grew angry and upbraided
+him with not having guarded her other daughter, and thus being guilty of
+her death, and she scornfully refused to give him another of her
+daughters.
+
+But Ilmarinen went into the house in great anger and there addressed
+Louhi's next fairest daughter, begging her to come to his home with him
+and become his wife. The maid replied: 'I will never marry the man who
+has been the cause of my dear sister's death. And even if I were to
+marry I would wish a nobler suitor than a mere blacksmith.' Then
+Ilmarinen grew pale with anger, and seizing the maiden in his mighty
+arms he rushed off to his sledge and drove off like the wind before any
+one could stop him.
+
+The poor maid wept and begged Ilmarinen to release her and to let her
+die by the roadside, rather than to take her thus to his home. 'If thou
+wilt not release me,' she said, 'I will change into a salmon and escape
+thee.' But Ilmarinen told her that he would pursue her in the shape of a
+pike. Then the maiden said, first, that she would become an ermine, but
+Ilmarinen told her he would turn into a snake and catch her; and then
+she said that she would become a swallow, but Ilmarinen threatened to
+become an eagle.
+
+So they drove on and on, and the maiden wept the whole time, and begged
+Ilmarinen to let her go, even if it were only to die in the snow, but he
+refused and grew more and more angry at her obstinacy. At length they
+reached Ilmarinen's home and he took the maiden into the house. But
+here, seeing there was no hope of escape, she determined to make him so
+angry that he would kill her and thus she would be freed from him. So
+she began to make fun of him and to scorn him and laugh at him, until at
+length Ilmarinen was in such a rage that he scarcely knew what he was
+doing, and drew his sword to kill her.
+
+But the sword refused to do this cruel deed, saying: 'I was born to
+drink the blood of warriors, but not of such a pure and lovely maid as
+this.' So Ilmarinen, being unable to kill her, began to weave a magic
+spell about her, and in a few minutes she changed all of a sudden into a
+seagull, and flew off screaming towards the sea-cliffs.
+
+And when he had done this, Ilmarinen went out and got into his sledge
+and drove off to his brother Wainamoinen. When he arrived, Wainamoinen
+asked him why he was so sad, and whether all was well in Pohjola. To
+this Ilmarinen replied: 'Why should not all be well in Pohjola? They
+have the Sampo there, and until it leaves them they will always
+prosper.' And then Wainamoinen asked him of the maiden whom he had gone
+to woo. 'I have turned that hateful maid into a seagull,' Ilmarinen
+answered, frowning, 'and now she flies shrieking above the rolling
+waves, and will never have another suitor.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S EXPEDITION AND THE BIRTH OF THE KANTELE (HARP)
+
+
+Wainamoinen reflected on what Ilmarinen had said of the prosperity of
+the Northland, and at length proposed that they should go and capture
+the Sampo and bring it back to Kalevala. But Ilmarinen said: 'It will be
+hard to carry off the Sampo, for Louhi has fastened it with nine great
+locks, and around it grow three roots, beneath the mountain and the
+waters and the sands.'
+
+Still Wainamoinen persuaded him to go, and Ilmarinen went to his smithy
+and began to forge a sword for Wainamoinen. And when it was finished, it
+was so strong, by the power of the magic spells that had been used in
+making it, that it would cut through the hardest flint stones.
+
+Then the two heroes put on their armour and made their sledges ready,
+and drove off along the seashore northward. But they had not gone far
+before they heard a voice lamenting. They drove up to the spot whence
+the voice seemed to come, and there they found a ship lying deserted on
+the sands.
+
+Wainamoinen asked the ship what it was lamenting over, and the ship
+replied: 'Alas, I weep because I am obliged to remain here idle; for I
+was built to be a warship, and I long to sail filled with warriors
+against the foe, but I am left here to lie alone and rot to pieces.'
+Then Wainamoinen said: 'Thou shalt lie here no longer, but we will sail
+in thee against the men of Pohjola. But tell me whether thou art a magic
+ship that can sail without wind, or oarsmen, or pilot.' 'Nay,' the ship
+replied, 'I cannot sail if the wind or oars do not help me on and some
+one guide me with the rudder. But give me these to help me, and I can
+sail faster than any other ship in the world.'
+
+Then they left their sledges and launched the ship and stepped aboard.
+And Wainamoinen began to sing his wondrous spells, and in an instant one
+side of the vessel was filled with bearded warriors, and the other with
+lovely maids, and in the middle came powerful gray-bearded heroes. First
+he set the young men at the oars, but however hard they strove they
+could not budge the ship. And next the maidens tried, but they too
+failed. Last of all the mighty gray-bearded heroes took the oars, but
+yet the vessel did not move. Then Ilmarinen himself grasped the oars,
+and in a moment the vessel was moving through the waters at full speed,
+with old Wainamoinen at the helm.
+
+They had not gone far when they came to an island, and on the shore was
+a man working on a fishing-boat. As they drew nearer he looked up and
+hailed them, asking whither they were bound. Wainamoinen answered: 'O
+stupid Lemminkainen, dost thou not recognise us, and canst thou not
+guess whither we are bound?' Then Lemminkainen, for it was really he,
+said: 'I recognise you both now. It is Ilmarinen who is rowing, and thou
+art Wainamoinen. But tell me whither ye are sailing?'
+
+Then Wainamoinen told him that they were bound for Pohjola to capture
+the magic Sampo, and, on hearing this, Lemminkainen begged to go with
+them, saying that he would fight valiantly with them. So they took him
+on board, and the three great heroes sailed on their way. But before
+they had gone much farther, they came to a place where there were lovely
+maidens singing sweetly on the shore, but all around were hidden rocks
+and whirlpools, and their vessel was near sinking. But Lemminkainen knew
+the spell that would compel the maidens to calm the whirlpools, and to
+lead the ship in safety past all the hidden reefs out into open water
+again. And when Lemminkainen had sung this spell, old Wainamoinen was
+able to steer in safety through the foam-covered rocks and out into open
+water; but no sooner were they clear than the vessel stopped as suddenly
+as if she were anchored to the spot.
+
+Ilmarinen and Lemminkainen then plunged a long pole to the bottom of the
+waters, and strove to push the ship ahead, but it was impossible. Then
+Wainamoinen bade Lemminkainen look beneath the vessel to see what it was
+that stopped them, and they found that it was no hidden reef or
+sand-bar, but a mighty pike on whose shoulders the vessel had stuck
+fast. At Wainamoinen's order, Lemminkainen drew his sword and aimed a
+mighty blow at the monster, but he missed it and fell overboard. He was
+drawn out all dripping, and the others consoled him for his failure.
+Next Ilmarinen drew his sword and struck at the monster, but at the
+first blow his sword broke in pieces. At last Wainamoinen, reproaching
+the others for their feebleness, drew his magic sword, and with one
+thrust he impaled the monster on it. Then lifting the monster out of the
+water he cut him into pieces and let them fall on the water, and float
+in towards land.
+
+Thus the vessel was free at last. But the heroes were weary with their
+exertions, and so they rowed in to land, and there gathered up the
+fragments of the fish that had floated to the shore. Wainamoinen handed
+these pieces to the maidens who were with them in the vessel, and they
+prepared the most delicious feast from the pike, having enough and to
+spare for all on board. And they piled the bones in a heap on the rocks.
+
+Then Wainamoinen looked at the pile of bones, and after pondering deeply
+he said: 'Wondrous things may be made from these bones, if only I can
+find a skilful workman to carry out my designs and make the
+_kantele_.'[5] But no workman could be found who was wise enough to
+understand Wainamoinen's directions, for no one had ever heard of a
+_kantele_ before. At length old Wainamoinen saw that there was no one
+who could help him, and so he set to work himself. He made the arches of
+the harp from the pike's jawbones, and the pins that hold the strings he
+made from the teeth, and for the strings he took hairs from the tail of
+a magic steed.
+
+[5] A sort of harp that is sometimes used even now in Finland.
+Pronounced _kan´-tay-lay_. It usually has five strings.
+
+And at last the _first kantele_ was finished, and it was so beautiful
+that every one crowded round to look at it. When it was all ready
+Wainamoinen handed it to those around to try their skill, but they could
+only make discords whenever they touched it. Then Lemminkainen bade the
+others leave it to him, for _he_ would show them how to play upon it.
+But when he touched the strings it sounded worse than when any of the
+others had tried it. And after one and all had tried it, and found that
+it only gave forth discords, they proposed to throw it into the sea. But
+the harp said: 'I shall never perish in the sea, but will bring great
+joy to Kalevala. Put me in my maker's hands, and I will sing for him.'
+So they took it and laid it at the aged Wainamoinen's feet.
+
+Then the great magician took the wondrous kantele and rested it upon his
+knee. First he tuned it, tightening all the strings until they sounded
+sweetly together, and then he swept his hands across them, and a flood
+of wonderful melody poured forth from the kantele. And as the wondrous
+notes resounded in the air, every living thing that heard them stopped
+and listened. From the forests came the bears and ermines, and the
+wolves and lynxes. Even Tapio the forest-god drew near, with all his
+attendant spirits, enchanted by the magic sounds. From the sea the
+fishes came to the edge of the waters, and the sea-god Ahto with his
+water-spirits. The daughters of the Sun and Moon stopped their spinning
+on the clouds, and dropped their spindles, so that the threads were
+broken in two.
+
+For three whole days the magic kantele poured forth its melody beneath
+Wainamoinen's skilful fingers, until every one that heard it wept, and
+even the master-player himself was at last moved to tears by the power
+of his own playing. The bright teardrops flowed down his long beard and
+over his garments, and on over the earth in sparkling streams, until
+they were lost in the waters of the deep sea. And then the music ceased,
+and Wainamoinen laid the kantele aside and said: 'Is there any one here
+who can gather up my teardrops from the sea?' But all were silent, for
+they could not do it.
+
+But a raven came flying up and offered to attempt it, and Wainamoinen
+promised him the most beautiful plumage if he should succeed, but the
+raven tried and failed. Then came a duck, and Wainamoinen made it the
+same promise. And the duck swam off and dived down to the ocean's
+depths, and at length it had collected every teardrop and brought them
+to the great magician, but a wondrous change had taken place in them,
+for they were no longer tears, but the most beautiful pearls.
+
+Thus were pearls first created, and for this the blue duck received its
+lovely plumage.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'That is the loveliest story of all,' cried Mimi. 'How I wish I could
+have heard Wainamoinen's music! Was his kantele like the one pappa has
+up in the loft, Pappa Mikko? If it was, I wish pappa would play on
+ours.'
+
+'I expect they are just alike,' replied Father Mikko; 'and when your
+pappa's pappa was alive, I remember that he used to play on the kantele
+very sweetly, but there are not many in our land that can play the
+kantele now.'
+
+'Well,' said Mimi, with a sigh, 'I suppose there aren't, so you might as
+well tell us what Wainamoinen did next, Pappa Mikko, please.'
+
+And Father Mikko began again.
+
+[Illustration: A WATERFALL.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE CAPTURE OF THE SAMPO
+
+
+After the magic kantele was finished, the three great heroes and
+magicians sailed away again towards the dismal Northland. Ilmarinen led
+the rowers on one side of the ship, and Lemminkainen on the other, and
+old Wainamoinen steered. They soon reached Pohjola and landed near
+Louhi's house.
+
+When they had drawn their vessel up on land, they all went up to Louhi's
+house, and Wainamoinen told her that they were come for the Sampo; that
+if she would only give them the many-coloured lid they would go away
+content, but if not, they would take the whole Sampo by force. Then
+Louhi grew very angry and called together all the Northland warriors to
+slay them. But Wainamoinen began to play upon his kantele, and so
+wonderfully sweet were the tunes that he played, that the warriors
+forgot all about fighting and began to weep, and all the maidens of
+Pohjola began to dance. Still Wainamoinen played on and on, until a deep
+slumber came upon all the Northland folk. Then he ceased playing, and
+cast a powerful spell over them, so that they should not awake.
+
+When all the Pohjola folk were sound asleep the three great heroes went
+to the mountains to seek the magic Sampo. And as they went Wainamoinen
+played such wonderful music that the great cliffs opened before them,
+and left them an open road to where the Sampo lay hid. When they had
+come near the cavern in which the Sampo lay, they sent Lemminkainen to
+enter the cave and bring it out. He, boasting of his strength, went into
+the cavern, and seizing hold of the magic Sampo, he put forth all his
+strength to lift it up, but it remained immovable, for the roots had
+grown deep into the earth, and bound it down tightly.
+
+Then Lemminkainen remembered a huge ox that he had seen out in the
+fields, with horns seven fathoms long, and he went after it and hitched
+it to the biggest plough he could find, and began to plough all around
+the roots which held the Sampo down. And in a very short while the roots
+became loosened, and they were able to pick up the magic Sampo and
+carry it on board their vessel.
+
+As soon as it was safely on board they sailed away, leaving all the
+Pohjola folk sleeping. On they flew towards their homes in Kalevala; but
+Lemminkainen grew weary of the silence, and asked Wainamoinen why he
+would not sing to cheer them. But Wainamoinen answered that song would
+only disturb the rowers, and that it was best never to rejoice until all
+danger was past. At length, when they had gone three days on their
+journey, Lemminkainen grew angry at Wainamoinen's silence, and began to
+sing himself. But his voice sounded harsh and unmelodious, and it made
+the very ship tremble.
+
+Far off on the land a crane was standing amidst the rushes, amusing
+itself by counting its toes. But when it heard Lemminkainen's attempts
+at singing, it was so frightened that it flew off screaming over
+Pohjola, and by its screeching it awoke all the slumbering people. As
+soon as Louhi awoke she hurried off to her barns and cattle-pens to see
+if anything had been stolen, but she found everything all right. Next
+she hurried to the mountains, to the cavern where she had hidden the
+Sampo, but when she came there she found the cavern empty, and saw how
+her visitors had torn the Sampo loose from its fastenings.
+
+Then Louhi returned to her house pale with anger and fear, for she knew
+that if the Sampo were lost that all the prosperity of the Northland
+would be lost with it. So she called up the goddess of the fogs, and
+sent her out to delay Wainamoinen's vessel. And then she called on
+Iko-Turso--a wicked monster living in the depths of the sea--to swim to
+the ship and sink it, and to eat the men in it, but to bring back the
+Sampo to Pohjola once more. And she prayed, moreover, to great Ukko that
+if the sea-monster should not succeed, that Ukko himself would send a
+fearful tempest to wreck the vessel.
+
+First came the goddess of the fog, and wrapped them in such a thick mist
+that they could not move. Three days they lay so, and then Wainamoinen
+drew his sword, exclaiming: 'We shall all perish here in the fog if no
+attempt is made to drive it away,' and with these words he struck the
+waves with his sword. From the blade there flowed a stream of honey, and
+all at once the fog broke up, and left the way clear before them. But
+scarcely had the fog disappeared than they heard a mighty roaring sound,
+and the foam began to shoot up from the water alongside, and to cover
+the ship. Then Wainamoinen leaned over the vessel's side, and stretching
+out his arm he grasped something that he saw in the water, and pulled up
+the awful monster Iko-Turso. But the monster was so affrighted by being
+lifted out of the water that he promised to leave them in peace, and
+never to appear above the waters again if Wainamoinen would only release
+him. So Wainamoinen let him go, and the second danger was past.
+
+But now came the third and most terrible of all, for Ukko sent a mighty
+storm-wind, which lashed the waves into a fury, and stirred up the ocean
+to its very bottom. And at the very first pitch of the ship the magic
+kantele was swept overboard by the waves, and Ahto, the sea-god, caught
+it and carried it off to his home beneath the waves. Then Wainamoinen
+began to bewail the loss of his wonderful instrument; but as the storm
+grew worse, and tossed their ship about like a feather, all on board
+began to despair of ever reaching land alive. But Wainamoinen gave them
+comfort and courage, and he and Ilmarinen and Lemminkainen by their
+magic spells quietened the winds and the waves, and repaired the damage
+which the vessel had suffered from the storm. And then they went on
+their way in peace.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE SAMPO IS LOST IN THE SEA
+
+
+But when Louhi found that all her magic had failed, she assembled all
+her warriors, and embarked them in her largest ship, and herself sailed
+off to recapture the Sampo by force of arms. Before long they came in
+sight of Wainamoinen's vessel, and when he saw that Louhi was pursuing
+him with such a mighty host of warriors, he cried out to Ilmarinen and
+Lemminkainen to row with all their might, in order to escape from their
+pursuers. So all the rowers rowed until the vessel fairly trembled, and
+the foam was tossed up from the bow as high as the clouds, but still
+they could not gain on their pursuers.
+
+Then Wainamoinen saw that he must use some other means, so he took out a
+piece of flint from his tinder-box and dropped it into the water, saying
+as he did so: 'Rise up from the bottom of the sea into a mighty
+mountain, so that Louhi's ship may be dashed to pieces.' And suddenly a
+mountain of rock sprang up out of the water, and before Louhi could stop
+her ship it had hit upon the rocks and was wrecked.
+
+But Louhi was not to be outdone in magic, so she took the timbers of the
+ship and made from them a magic eagle, using the rudder for its tail and
+five sharp iron scythes for its talons. And on his wings and back she
+posted all her warriors, and then the magic eagle rose up into the air.
+It made one circle round the heavens, and then lit upon the mast of
+Wainamoinen's vessel, almost overturning it by its weight. Wainamoinen
+first prayed to Ukko for aid, and then he asked Louhi if she would
+consent now to divide the Sampo between them. But she scorned his offer,
+and the eagle made a swoop downward to pick up the Sampo in its talons.
+But Lemminkainen raised his sword, and no sooner had the eagle grasped
+the Sampo than he brought down his sword with such force that every
+talon was cut off but one.
+
+Then the eagle flew up on to the mast once more, and upbraided
+Lemminkainen because he had broken his promise to his mother that he
+would not go to war for sixty years. But Wainamoinen, believing that his
+last hour was come, took the rudder in his hand and struck the eagle
+such a mighty blow that all the warriors fell from its wings and back
+into the water. Then the eagle made one more swoop down upon the vessel,
+and, with the one talon it had left, it dragged the Sampo over the side
+of the ship so that it fell to the bottom of the ocean and was broken to
+pieces. And it is this that has brought so much wealth to the sea, for
+where the Sampo is there will always be wealth also. But a few pieces of
+the lid floated ashore to Kalevala, and it is therefore that our country
+has now the harvests that before that grew in the dismal Northland.
+
+But Louhi threatened Wainamoinen, saying: 'I will steal away thy silver
+moonlight and thy golden sunlight. I will send the frost and hail to
+kill thy crops, and will send the bear--Otso--from the forests to kill
+thy cattle and sheep. I will send upon thy people nine diseases, each
+one of them more fatal than the one before.' Then Wainamoinen replied:
+'No one from dismal Northland can harm us of Kalevala, Only Ukko rules
+the fate of peoples, and he will guard my crops from frost and hail, and
+my cattle from the bear, Otso. Thou mayst hide evil people in thy
+Northland caverns, but thou canst never steal the Sun and Moon, and all
+thy frosts and plagues and bears may turn against thyself.'
+
+And then Louhi departed to her home, weeping for the loss of the magic
+Sampo, and ever since that time there have been famines and poverty in
+gloomy Pohjola. But Wainamoinen and the other heroes returned home
+rejoicing, and on the shore they found fragments of the Sampo's lid.
+Then Wainamoinen prayed to Ukko to be merciful and kind to them, and to
+protect them from frost and hail and bears, and to let the golden light
+of the Moon and Sun shine for ever on the plains of Kalevala.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Ah!' said Erik, half smiling, 'it's a great pity that the whole Sampo
+didn't float ashore to our country, for perhaps then there would never
+have been any famines in our land at all,' and he sighed as he thought
+of some of the hard winters in years past.
+
+'All is in God's hands,' said Father Mikko reverently, 'and we must take
+both good and ill as they come to us--it is not for us to say what we
+would wish. Let us be thankful that even a part of the Sampo floated
+hither,' he added, smiling.
+
+There was a few moments' silence, and then Mimi asked what Wainamoinen
+had done about his lost kantele, so Father Mikko went on.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE BIRTH OF THE SECOND KANTELE
+
+
+When the heroes had returned home, and found the fragments of the Sampo
+on the shore, they wished to make merry over the good fortune which even
+these fragments were sure to bring, but Wainamoinen could not give them
+music, since the wondrous kantele had been lost in the sea. Then he bade
+Ilmarinen make a huge rake with copper teeth a hundred fathoms long and
+the handle a thousand fathoms, and when the rake was ready, Wainamoinen
+took it, and sailing out over the sea in a magic vessel that needed
+neither sails nor oars to move it, he raked over the whole bottom of the
+ocean. But he only raked up shells and seaweed, and found no trace of
+the kantele.
+
+Then Wainamoinen returned sadly home, saying: 'Never again shall I pour
+forth floods of music to the people of Kalevala from the magic strings
+of my kantele.' And driven on by his grief he left his house and went
+far off into the forest. As he wandered there he heard the birch-tree
+lamenting, and Wainamoinen asked the tree why it was unhappy when it had
+such lovely silver leaves and tassels. To this the birch-tree replied:
+'Thou thinkest that I am always happy, and that my leaves and tassels
+must always be whispering joy. But, alas! I am so weak and feeble, and
+must always stand alone without a word of sympathy. Others rejoice at
+the coming of the spring, but I am robbed of bark and tassels and tender
+twigs, and am cut up for firewood, and then in the winter time the frost
+and the cold biting winds kill my young shoots and strip me of my silver
+leaves and leave me cold and naked.'
+
+While the birch-tree was speaking, Wainamoinen's face began to brighten,
+and he finally exclaimed: 'Weep no more, good birch-tree, for I will
+turn thy grief into joy and make thee sing the most marvellous songs.'
+Having said this he set to work to make a new kantele, taking birch-wood
+for the framework. At length the frame was all ready, but he did not
+know of what to make the pegs. Suddenly he came upon a great oak-tree on
+which grew golden-coloured acorns, and on each acorn sat a sacred
+cuckoo singing its melody. So Wainamoinen took a piece of the oak and
+made the pegs from it.
+
+But the harp was not yet finished, for the five strings were still
+lacking. Then Wainamoinen journeyed on through the forest, until at
+length he came to where a forest-maiden was sitting on a mound and
+singing, and her long golden hair was falling loose over her shoulders.
+So Wainamoinen went up to her and begged her to give him some of her
+golden tresses, from which to weave the five strings for the kantele.
+And the maiden willingly gave up a portion of her golden hair, and from
+it Wainamoinen wove five strings, and at last the second kantele was
+complete. Then Wainamoinen sat down upon a rock and placed the kantele
+upon his knees, and after putting all the strings in tune he began to
+play. The fairy music resounded over hill and dale, until at length the
+very mountains began to dance with delight, and the rocks were rent in
+sunder and floated on the surface of the ocean. The trees of the forest,
+too, laughed with joy and began to dance about like children. The young
+men and maidens rejoiced as they listened to the music, and the
+gray-haired men and women were amazed, while the babies tried to crawl
+to where the sweet sounds came from.
+
+The magic music resounded far and wide over Kalevala, and all the wild
+beasts of the forest fell upon their knees in wonder, while the birds
+perched upon the trees about him and accompanied the music with their
+singing. The fish left their homes beneath the waters and crowded to the
+shore to listen. And everything in nature, from earth and air and water,
+came to listen to the magic sweetness of Wainamoinen's playing.
+
+Three days and more he played unceasing; playing in the houses of his
+people until their very beams rejoiced, and wandering through the
+forest, where the trees all bent in homage to him and waved their
+branches to his music. Then over the meadows, still playing, until the
+very ferns and flowers laughed with delight and the bushes chimed in in
+unison with the magic music of the kantele.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Oh! I'm so glad that he got another kantele,' cried little Mimi,
+delighted. 'And now what is coming next, Pappa Mikko?'
+
+'I shall tell you all of Louhi's attempt at revenge on the heroes who
+captured the Sampo,' he replied; 'and how they all failed, and then I
+shall wind up with the last story of all!'
+
+After having rested a while, the old man continued.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LOUHI ATTEMPTS REVENGE
+
+
+Louhi grew more and more angry and envious when she heard how prosperous
+and happy all the folk of Kalevala were, since the fragments of the
+Sampo had floated to their shore. So she pondered long in her evil
+heart, how she might send them sorrow and misfortune. Now just at that
+time the old witch Lowjatar, Tuoni's daughter, came to Louhi and asked
+for shelter from the storms and cold, and Louhi took her in and treated
+her like an honoured guest. And while Lowjatar was there, nine children
+were born to her, all horrible diseases, and she named them Colic,
+Fever, Plague, Pleurisy, Ulcer, Consumption, Gout, Sterility, and
+Cancer. And then Louhi's evil heart rejoiced, and she took the nine
+diseases and sent them into Kalevala, there to harass and kill
+Wainamoinen's people.
+
+And when the diseases came, every one in Kalevala, both young and old,
+fell ill of all sorts of illnesses, and Wainamoinen at first did not
+know whence all this evil had come. But soon by his magic power he
+learned that it came from the children of Tuoni's daughter, Lowjatar,
+and then he set to work to drive them away. First he took all those that
+were ill to the bath-houses, and then he brought buckets of water and
+heated blocks of stone until he had filled the whole room with warm
+steam. Then he prayed to Ukko to drive away all these diseases from
+them, and to send these evil spirits to Tuoni's kingdom, where they
+belonged.
+
+After Wainamoinen had prayed thus to Ukko, he took a magic balsam and
+rubbed it over all those that were ill, and sang magic spells over them,
+and then prayed once more to Ukko for success, and at length he drove
+out the nine diseases and saved his people from dying.
+
+When the nine diseases had been driven out of Kalevala, the news of
+Wainamoinen's victory over them came at length to the old witch Louhi,
+and she grew angrier than ever that her revenge had failed. But she
+pondered over what means of revenge she should try next, and at length
+she hit upon another plan. She went out into the forest and cast a magic
+spell upon the hugest bear in all the Northland--the great Otso[6]--and
+he hastened from his Pohjola home and began to kill the flocks and herds
+in Kalevala.
+
+[6] _Otso_ = bear.
+
+Then Wainamoinen hastened to Ilmarinen, and bade him make a
+triple-pointed spear with which to kill Otso. And when the spear was
+ready, Wainamoinen hastened off to the forest to find the bear, singing
+as he went, and calling upon the forest-god Tapio and his wife to grant
+him success in his hunt. He had not gone far before he heard his dog
+bark, and hurrying up to the spot he found Otso standing facing the dog
+and trying to snap him up, and before the bear perceived him,
+Wainamoinen was able to end Otso's life with a single thrust of his
+magic spear.
+
+When Otso was dead, Wainamoinen threw the body across his shoulder and
+hastened off home, singing songs of rejoicing as he went. And when he
+reached his house there was great rejoicing, and every one came out to
+welcome the dead bear, addressing it as if Otso were some honoured guest
+come to see them. First Wainamoinen sang a song of praise to the dead
+Otso, and bade his people welcome him with all due honour. And then the
+people answered with the most extravagant expressions of pleasure and
+welcome and admiration for Otso, and offered him all the best things in
+the house, and when all this ceremony was over they took off the fur and
+cut the body up ready for cooking, and prepared the steaks and joints to
+make a grand feast.
+
+At length the whole of the bear was cooked, and a great feast was spread
+in Wainamoinen's house on golden dishes, and with sparkling beer in
+copper beakers. And when all were seated at the table, Wainamoinen rose
+and sang the story of Otso's birth and life. And this is the story which
+he sang: 'Long ago a maiden walked in the ether on the edges of the
+clouds, and as she walked she threw down wool and hair upon the waters
+from two boxes that she carried. The wool and hair were floated in to
+the shore, and there Mielikki, wife of the forest-god, found them and
+joined the wool and hair together by magic spells. Then she laid the
+bundle in a birch-bark basket and bound it in the top of the lofty pine,
+and there the young bear was rocked into life.
+
+'Otso grew quickly and became graceful in his movements, although his
+feet were clumsy and his ankles crooked, his mouth large and forehead
+broad; but he still had no teeth or claws. Then Mielikki said: "I would
+give thee claws and teeth, Otso, but I fear that thou wilt use them to
+harm people with." But Otso fell on his knees and swore that he would
+never harm the good. So Mielikki took the hardest knots from all the
+trees to make him teeth and claws, but all of them were too weak. Then
+she went to a magic fir that grew in Tapio's kingdom, and which had
+silver branches and golden cones, and from these she made Otso's claws
+and teeth. Thus was Otso born and reared.'
+
+So they feasted and made merry, and when the feast was over they all
+tried to see which could pull out Otso's teeth and claws, in order to
+preserve them for their magic power. And of all the men there only the
+aged Wainamoinen could draw them out. When this was done, Wainamoinen
+called for his kantele and bade them light torches, as it was already
+dark. Then he sang sweet songs and played lovely music, so that the long
+evening passed away like magic, and he sang of the hunter's victory and
+prayed to Ukko always to give good fortune to the hunters of Kalevala.
+
+Thus were Louhi's two first attempts at revenge unsuccessful.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LOUHI STEALS THE SUN, THE MOON, AND FIRE
+
+
+When these two dangers were overcome, Wainamoinen played upon his
+kantele so sweetly that the Sun and Moon came down from their stations
+in the sky to listen to his music. But evil Louhi crept upon them
+unawares and made both Sun and Moon her captives, and carried them off
+to the dismal Northland, and there she hid them both in caverns in the
+mountains, that they might never again shine upon Kalevala. Next Louhi
+crept back to Kalevala and stole all the fire from the hearths, and left
+all their homes cold and cheerless. Then there was nothing but black
+night in the world, and great Ukko himself did not know what to do
+without the light of the Sun and Moon.
+
+Ukko wandered all over the clouds to find out what had become of the
+Sun and Moon, and at last he whirled his fire-sword round his head so
+that the lightning flashed over the whole sky. From this lightning he
+kindled a little fire, and putting it in a gold and silver cradle, he
+gave it to the Ether-maidens to rock and care for, until it grew into a
+second Sun. So the Fire-child was cared for tenderly, and he grew fast;
+but one day the maidens were not watching him closely, and he escaped
+from them, and bursting through the clouds with a noise like a
+thunder-clap, he shot across the heavens like a red fire-ball.
+
+Then Wainamoinen said to Ilmarinen: 'Come, let us see what this fire is
+that is fallen from the heavens.' And so they set out towards the spot
+where the ball of fire had seemed to fall. Soon they came to a wide
+river and set to work to make a magic boat to cross it, and in a very
+short time the boat was made, and they rowed over. On the other bank
+they were met by the oldest of the Ether-maidens, who asked them whither
+they were going.
+
+So they told her who they were, and that they had lost all fire and
+light in Kalevala, so that they were come to seek the fire that they had
+seen fall from the heavens. Then the Ether-maiden told them what had
+happened, saying: 'After the Fire-child had begun to grow, he escaped
+from us one day and bursting through the clouds he came down to
+Pohjola. There he killed youths and babes and old people, until he was
+driven away by a magic spell. He fled thence, burning fields and forests
+on his way, until at length he plunged into a great lake, and made the
+waters boil and rage. Then the fish held a council how to get rid of
+him, and it was decided that one of them must swallow him. First the
+salmon tried, but failed, and then the bold whiting made a dash and
+succeeded in swallowing the evil Fire-child. After this the waters of
+the lake grew quiet, and all went on as before.
+
+'But soon the whiting was seized with terrible pains and began to swim
+round in agony, begging for some one to kill him and put him out of his
+sufferings. For a long time he swam about unheeded, but at last a trout
+seized the whiting and swallowed him. For a while all was quiet again,
+but then the trout began to suffer in his turn. Still every fish was
+afraid to swallow him, until a pike darted up and ate up the trout. But
+then the pike was seized with the same pains, and he is now swimming
+about in great agony, but none will help him.'
+
+When the Ether-maiden had finished her account of what had happened,
+Wainamoinen and Ilmarinen wove a great net from seaweed, and hurrying to
+the lake they began to draw the net all through it in order to catch
+the Fire-fish. But the net was a poor one, and they failed to catch the
+pike that had swallowed the other fish and the Fire-child.
+
+Then the two magicians gave up their useless net, and, choosing an
+island near by, they resolved to plant flax that they might make a
+stronger and better net. They went to Tuoni's kingdom before they could
+find the proper seed, and found it there under the care of a tiny
+insect. When they had brought the seed from the Deathland, they planted
+it on the shore, in the ashes of a ship that had been burnt there, and
+in a single night the flax had grown up and ripened. Then they pulled
+it, and washed and dried and combed it, and took it to the Kalevala
+maidens to spin. Soon the spinning was done and the net was woven.
+
+So the two great heroes took the flaxen net and hastened back to the
+lake and began to drag for the Fire-fish. But they only caught common
+fish, and the pike remained hidden in the deep caverns. Then Wainamoinen
+made the net longer and wider and they tried again, but though they
+caught fish of every species, the Fire-fish was not amongst them.
+Wainamoinen then prayed to Ahto, god of the ocean, and his wife,
+Wellamo, that they would drive the Fire-fish into his nets. Scarcely
+had Wainamoinen finished speaking, when a little dwarf rose from the
+waters and offered to help them. They accepted the tiny man's aid, and
+while they drew their nets, the dwarf beat the waters with a magic pole
+and scared all the fish toward them. And as they drew, Wainamoinen sang
+a magic charm to bring the fish in still greater numbers.
+
+This time the net was full of pike, and they dragged it to the shore
+rejoicing, and among them they found the Fire-fish. So they threw the
+other fish back into the water, and Wainamoinen drew his knife and began
+to cut up the Fire-fish. Inside of the pike he found the trout, and
+inside of the trout the whiting, and on opening the whiting he came upon
+a ball of blue yarn. Wainamoinen quickly unwound the blue ball, and
+within that found a red ball, and when he had opened the red ball he
+came to the ball of fire in the middle.
+
+They pondered how they should get the fire to Kalevala, and at last
+Ilmarinen seized it in his hands to carry it off. But it singed
+Wainamoinen's beard and burned Ilmarinen's hands dreadfully, and then it
+jumped out of their reach and rolled off over field and forest, burning
+everything in its course. Wainamoinen hastened after it, and at length
+caught it hidden in a mass of punk-wood. Then he took it and put it,
+wood and all, in a copper box and hastened off home. Thus the fire
+returned to Kalevala.
+
+But Ilmarinen, suffering great agony from his burnt hands, hastened to
+the sea to lave them in the cool water. And he called up the ice and
+frost and snow to come and cool his parched hands, and, when all these
+proved insufficient, he called on great Ukko to send him some healing
+balm to take away the cruel torture. And Ukko granted his prayer and his
+hands were healed. Then Ilmarinen returned home and rejoiced to find
+that Wainamoinen had already brought the fire thither.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RESTORATION OF THE SUN AND MOON
+
+
+Though the Fire had been restored to Kalevala, still the golden Moon and
+the silver Sun were lost, and the frost came and killed the crops, and
+the cattle began to die of hunger. Every living thing felt sick and
+faint in the dark, dreary world. Then one of the maidens of Kalevala
+suggested to Ilmarinen to make a moon of gold and a sun of silver, and
+to hang them up in the heavens; so Ilmarinen set to work. While he was
+forging them, Wainamoinen came and asked what he was working at, and so
+Ilmarinen told him that he was going to make a new sun and moon. But
+Wainamoinen said: 'This is mere folly, for silver and gold will not
+shine like the sun and moon.' Still Ilmarinen worked on, and at length
+he had forged a moon of gold and a sun of silver, and hung them in
+their places in the sky. But they gave no light, as Wainamoinen had
+said.
+
+Then Wainamoinen determined to find out where the sun and moon had gone.
+So he cut three chips from an alder-tree, and laying them on the ground
+before him, he cast many magic spells over them. Then when all was
+ready, he asked the alder-chips to tell him truly where the sun and moon
+were hid. The alder-chips then answered, that they were hidden in the
+caverns of the mountains of Pohjola.
+
+No sooner had Wainamoinen heard this, than he made ready for a journey
+and started off for the dismal Northland. When he had travelled three
+days and was come to the borders of Pohjola, he found a wide river in
+the road and no boat to cross over in. So he built a huge fire on the
+shore, and soon such a dense column of smoke arose that Louhi sent some
+one to see what was the matter. But when Wainamoinen called to the
+messenger to bring him a boat, the man made no reply, but hurried back
+to Louhi and told her that it was Wainamoinen, who was coming to her
+house.
+
+Then Wainamoinen saw that he could never get across in that way, so he
+changed himself into a pike and swam over very easily, and then changed
+back to his own shape when he had reached the opposite shore. He
+hastened on with mighty strides, and soon reached Louhi's dwelling.
+There he was met as if he were a most honoured guest, and they invited
+him into the hall. Wainamoinen went in unsuspectingly, but no sooner was
+he inside than he found himself surrounded by crowds of armed warriors.
+
+The warriors asked him in a threatening tone why he had come thither.
+But Wainamoinen was not frightened, but answered boldly that he had come
+to seek the Sun and the Moon. Then the chief of the warriors replied:
+'We have the Sun and Moon safe in a mountain cavern, and thou shalt
+never get them back, nor shalt thou leave this hall alive.' No sooner
+had he finished speaking than Wainamoinen drew his magic sword, and fell
+upon those that stood between him and the door. They gave way before
+him, and in a moment he was out in the courtyard, where he could have
+room to fight fairly. All the warriors rushed at him with drawn swords
+and lifted spears, and the fire flashed from their weapons. But
+Wainamoinen was more than a match for all of them, and in a very short
+time he had stretched them all lifeless on the ground.
+
+Then he left the court and hastened on to find the Sun and Moon. Soon he
+came to a solitary birch-tree, and beside the tree stood a carved
+pillar of stone, which concealed an opening in the rocks. Wainamoinen
+gave three blows with his magic sword, and the pillar broke in pieces,
+showing behind it an entrance into the rock; but the entrance was shut
+by a massive door, and there was only a little crack through which he
+could peep. Inside he saw the Sun and Moon prisoners, but though he
+tried with all his strength and all his magic spells to open the door,
+it still remained tightly shut, and he could not budge it so much as an
+inch.
+
+Wainamoinen began to despair of ever succeeding in liberating the Sun
+and Moon, and he hastened off home to ask for Ilmarinen's help. He
+directed him to forge a whole set of skeleton-keys, so that some one of
+them would fit the lock of the door to the Sun's prison. Ilmarinen went
+to work and soon his anvil was ringing merrily to the blows of his
+hammer.
+
+Now Louhi had grown very much alarmed after Wainamoinen had slain all
+her warriors, and so she assumed the shape of an eagle and flew away to
+Kalevala to see what was going on there. She heard the merry ring of
+Ilmarinen's work and flew down and lit in the window of the smithy.
+There she asked what he was doing, and the cunning Ilmarinen replied: 'I
+am forging a collar of steel for the neck of evil Louhi, and with it I
+shall bind her fast to the rocks.'
+
+Louhi was terribly alarmed at this, so she flew off to Pohjola and
+released the Sun and Moon from prison immediately, and sent them up to
+their places in the heavens. Then the silver sunlight and the golden
+moonlight returned once more to Kalevala, and Ilmarinen, and
+Wainamoinen, and all the people offered up a prayer that they might
+never again be deprived of the blessed Sun and Moon.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'It would have served old Louhi right if Ilmarinen _had_ made a steel
+collar and put it round her neck,' said Mimi. 'But I'm so glad that
+Wainamoinen always got the best of it,' she added.
+
+'There was one time when he was defeated, however,' said Father Mikko,
+'and now I shall tell it you. It is the last story, and is about
+Wainamoinen's departure from Kalevala.' So he began.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+MARIATTA AND WAINAMOINEN'S DEPARTURE
+
+
+There lived a fair and lovely maiden in Kalevala, called Mariatta. She
+was the loveliest and purest of virgins, and tended her parents' flocks
+upon the mountain sides. Here one day, as she was watching the sheep,
+she heard a voice calling to her, and on looking round she found that it
+was a bright red berry calling to her, and asking her to pluck it.
+Mariatta did not know that this was a magic berry, so she picked it and
+put it to her lips to eat it. But the berry rolled from her lips down
+into her bosom, and said to her: 'Thou shalt have a son, and he shall
+become a mighty man and drive forth the old magician Wainamoinen.'
+
+Then Mariatta took the flocks home and was so silent and still that her
+parents noticed it and asked her what was the matter. So she told them
+what had happened, but they grew angry and would not keep her in their
+house, for they did not believe the story about the berry.
+
+Poor Mariatta was now obliged to wander about without a shelter from the
+cold winds. At length she sent a servant, who had remained faithful to
+her and had accompanied her, to a village of Pohjola to ask for shelter
+from an old man named Ruotus. The maid, Piltti, went to Ruotus and told
+him of Mariatta's hard lot, but Ruotus and his wife would not have her
+in their house, but only grudgingly consented to let her go to a stable
+in the forest, where the Fire-horse of Hisi was kept.
+
+So Mariatta was obliged to go to the stable in the dense forest far off
+from every human being, and there she begged the Hisi-horse to keep her
+warm by his fiery breath. The Hisi-horse was kinder to her than men had
+been, for he let her lie down comfortably in his manger, and kept her
+warm with his fiery breath. There the babe was born, and his mother grew
+happy once more, in spite of her sorrowful circumstances. But one night,
+while she slept, the babe disappeared, and the poor mother was
+overwhelmed with grief.
+
+Then she wandered forth and looked everywhere for him, but in vain. So
+she asked the North-star if he had seen her son. But the North-star
+answered: 'I would not tell thee even if I knew. For it is thy son who
+hath made me and set me here in the bitter cold.' And next Mariatta
+asked the Moon, and received the same answer as the North-star had
+given. Then she went to the Sun and asked him. And the Sun said: 'I know
+very well where thy son is hidden, for he made me and put me here to
+shine with my silver light. He lies sleeping yonder in the Swampland.'
+So Mariatta hastened to the spot that the Sun had pointed out and there
+found her babe sleeping peacefully in the water among the rushes.
+
+Then she returned with the babe to her father's house, and this time he
+received her and allowed her to live there in peace. And the child grew
+in beauty and wisdom, and his mother called him Flower, but others
+called him Son-of-Sorrow. Then his mother called in an old man,
+Wirokannas, to baptize the child, but Wirokannas said: 'First must some
+one see if the child shall become an honest man, or a wicked wizard, for
+if he be not honest I will not baptize him.'
+
+So Wainamoinen was called to examine the child--it was only two weeks
+old then--and see if it would grow up a noble man or not. Wainamoinen
+came and saw the child, and then said: 'Since this child is only a poor
+outcast, born in a manger, and having no father save a berry, let him be
+cast out on to the hillsides or into the marshes to perish.'
+
+But all at once the babe himself began to speak, saying: 'O aged
+Wainamoinen, foolish hero, thou hast given a false decision. Thou
+thyself hast done great wrongs, yet hast not been punished. Thou gavest
+thine own brother Ilmarinen to ransom thy poor life. Thou persecuted the
+lovely Aino so that she perished in the deep sea, yet thou wert not
+killed for all this.'
+
+Then Wirokannas saw that this was truly a magic babe, and he baptized
+him to become a mighty hero, and a ruler and king over Kalevala.
+
+Years passed by after this, and Wainamoinen felt his power gradually
+leaving him and going over to Mariatta's child. So the ancient hero,
+with a sad heart, sang his last magic spell in Kalevala, and made a
+magic boat of copper to sail away in. Then he cast loose from the shore
+and sailed off towards the west, singing as he went: 'Fare ye well, my
+people. Many suns shall rise and set on Kalevala until the people shall
+at length regret my absence and shall call upon me to come back with my
+magic songs and wisdom. Fare ye well.'
+
+Thus Wainamoinen, in his magic boat of copper, left Kalevala. On he
+sailed to the land of the setting sun, and at length he reached the
+haven and anchored his boat, never again to return to Kalevala. But the
+wondrous kantele and all his songs and wisdom remain among us to this
+day.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'And now,' said Father Mikko, 'I have told you my last story--old
+Wainamoinen has left Kalevala and the rule of the Christ-child has
+begun. Under it our land has advanced and grown comfortable and
+happy--let us only pray that we may never be less so.'
+
+They were all silent for some time, and then all of them thanked Father
+Mikko heartily for the pleasure that he had given them. Soon after this
+they had supper and went to bed, and the next morning Father Mikko drove
+off in his sledge, the moonlight covering all the country with a flood
+of silver, and soon he had disappeared into the dark and silent
+fir-forest; but not before he had promised them all that he would stop
+there again next year if possible.
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, _Edinburgh_
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A
+SELECTED LIST
+OF
+JUVENILE BOOKS
+
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s._
+
+CHILDREN'S STORIES IN ENGLISH LITERATURE, from Shakespeare to Tennyson.
+By H. C. WRIGHT.
+
+  "A genial book."--_Speaker._
+
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s._
+
+BOYS' OWN STORIES. By ASCOTT R. HOPE. 3rd Edition. Eight Illustrations.
+
+  "The stories are well told."--_Pall Mall Gazette._
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s._
+
+ROYAL YOUTHS: A Book of Princehoods. By ASCOTT R. HOPE. Illustrated.
+
+"Well told and full of interest."--_National Observer._
+
+
+_Large crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s._
+
+ROBINSON CRUSOE. Newly Edited after the original Editions. 19 full-page
+Illustrations.
+
+  "Gives an account of Defoe which is very much to the
+  point."--_Spectator._
+
+
+_Imperial 16mo, cloth extra, gilt edges, 3s. 6d._
+
+DICK'S HOLIDAYS, and What He Did with Them. Illustrated. Cheaper
+Edition.
+
+  "A volume for which every budding botanist who gets it has
+  good reason to be thankful."--_Pall Mall Gazette._
+
+
+_Small 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 3s. 6d._
+
+WHEN MOTHER WAS LITTLE. By S. P. YORKE. 13 full-page Illustrations.
+
+  "In all respects an agreeable and well-written
+  story."--_Spectator._
+
+_8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 6s._
+
+TWO LITTLE CONFEDERATES. By THOMAS NELSON PAGE. Illustrated.
+
+  "A delightful book."--_Saturday Review._
+
+
+_Medium 4to, paper boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+DADDY JAKE, the Runaway, and Other Stories. By JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS
+("Uncle Remus"). Illustrated.
+
+  "A fresh and delightful addition to those quaint and
+  laughable tales which have made the author of 'Uncle Remus'
+  loved and fancied wherever the English tongue is
+  spoken."--_Observer._
+
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s._
+
+SIX GIRLS: A Home Story. By FANNIE B. IRVING. Illustrated.
+
+  "Its interest is well sustained from first to
+  last."--_Scotsman._
+
+
+_Square Imperial 16mo, cloth, 5s._
+
+IN THE TIME OF ROSES: A Tale of Two Summers. By FLORENCE SCANNELL. 32
+Illustrations.
+
+  'A very successful book.'--_Academy._
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, bevelled boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+ALEXIS AND HIS FLOWERS. By BEATRIX CRESSWELL. Illustrated.
+
+  "The book is a very pleasant one--a nosegay of everlasting
+  blooms of fancy."--_Academy._
+
+
+_Square 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d._
+
+THE PRINCE OF THE HUNDRED SOUPS. By VERNON LEE. Illustrated.
+
+  "I devoured it from cover to cover with a new
+  zest."--_Truth._
+
+
+_Imperial 16mo, cloth, 3s. 6d._
+
+THE BIRD'S NEST, and Other Sermons for Children of all ages. By Rev. S.
+COX, D.D. 3rd Edition.
+
+  "Real honest preaching made fascinating and instructive by
+  an exquisite literary style."--_Methodist Times._
+
+
+_Small crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d._
+
+EVERY-DAY MIRACLES. By BEDFORD POLLARD. Illustrated.
+
+  "A work worthy of the highest praise."--_Graphic._
+
+
+_Imperial 16mo, cloth gilt, gilt edges, 3s. 6d._
+
+FAIRY TALES FROM BRENTANO. Told in English by KATE F. KRÅ’KER. 3rd
+Edition.
+
+  "Welcome in the nursery. The translation has been very
+  cleverly accomplished."--_Academy._
+
+_Illustrated paper boards, 5s.; cloth, gilt edges, 6s._
+
+NEW FAIRY TALES FROM BRENTANO. By KATE F. KRÅ’KER. 8 coloured
+Illustrations.
+
+  "I read the book with edification and delight."--_Truth._
+
+
+_Medium 4to, paper boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+THE BROWNIES: Their Book. By PALMER COX. 4th Edition. Illustrated.
+
+  "The Brownies are such prime favourites."--_Guardian._
+
+
+_Medium 4to, cloth, 6s._
+
+ANOTHER BROWNIE BOOK. By PALMER COX. Illustrated.
+
+  "The illustrations are perhaps even more mirthful than the
+  letterpress, but both are admirable."--_Morning Post._
+
+
+_4to, bevelled boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+MARJORIE AND HER PAPA: How they wrote a Story and made Pictures for it.
+A Book for Children.
+
+  "Altogether a book to be desired by and for
+  children."--_Spectator._
+
+
+
+
+"_The best of all children's Magazines._"
+
+SPECTATOR.
+
+_St. Nicholas For Young Folks._
+
+CONDUCTED BY
+MARY MAPES DODGE
+
+Price 1s. monthly.
+
+SUITABLE FOR
+
+CHILDREN OF BOTH SEXES,
+CHILDREN OF ALL AGES, and
+CHILDREN OF ALL SIZES.
+
+Each Part contains 80 pp. of interesting matter, illustrated by about 50
+high-class Engravings.
+
+_The Half-yearly Volumes, price 8s. each, are handsomely bound in red
+cloth, gilt._
+
+LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN,
+PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C.
+
++--------------------Transcriber's Note-----------------------+
+|                                                             |
+| Minor punctuation and printing errors have been corrected.  |
+|                                                             |
+| Spelling and hyphenation corrections:                       |
+|                                                             |
+| Page xiii     Wuvksi replaced with Wuoksi                   |
+| Page xv       pronunced changed to pronounced               |
+| Page 191      alway changed to always                       |
+|                                                             |
+| 1 occurrence of sheepskin changed to sheep-skin             |
+| 1 occurrence of bearksins changed to bear-skins             |
+| 1 occurrence of bluebirds changed to blue-birds             |
+| 1 occurrence of sea-weed changed to seaweed                 |
+| 1 occurrence of sea-shore changed to seashore               |
+| 1 occurrence of sea-gull changed to seagull                 |
+| 1 occurrence of snowshoes changed to snow-shoe              |
+|                                                             |
++-------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Finnish Legends for English Children, by R. Eivind
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+Project Gutenberg's Finnish Legends for English Children, by R. Eivind
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Finnish Legends for English Children
+
+Author: R. Eivind
+
+Release Date: March 29, 2008 [EBook #24948]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FINNISH LEGENDS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Joe Longo and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE CHILDREN'S LIBRARY
+
+[Illustration: Snail]
+
+
+FINNISH LEGENDS
+
+
+[Illustration: Witch & Moon]
+
+[Illustration: Butterfly]
+
+
+
+
+_THE CHILDREN'S LIBRARY._
+
+
+THE BROWN OWL.
+THE CHINA CUP.
+STORIES FROM FAIRYLAND.
+TALES FROM THE MABINOGION.
+THE STORY OF A PUPPET.
+THE LITTLE PRINCESS.
+IRISH FAIRY TALES.
+AN ENCHANTED GARDEN.
+LA BELLE NIVERNAISE.
+THE FEATHER.
+FINN AND HIS COMPANIONS.
+NUTCRACKER AND MOUSE-KING.
+THE PENTAMERONE.
+FINNISH LEGENDS.
+
+(_Others in the Press._)
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: FINNISH KOTA.]
+
+
+
+
+FINNISH LEGENDS
+FOR
+ENGLISH CHILDREN
+
+
+BY
+R. EIVIND
+
+
+_SEVEN ILLUSTRATIONS_
+
+
+LONDON
+T. FISHER UNWIN
+1893
+
+[Illustration: T. Fisher Unwin Printer's Mark]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+The following stories cover almost all of the songs of the Kalevala, the
+epic of the Finnish people. They will lead the English child into a new
+region in the fairy world, yet one where he will recognise many an old
+friend in a new form. The very fact that they _do_ open up a new portion
+of the world of the marvellous, will, it is hoped, render them all the
+more acceptable, and perhaps, when the child who reads them grows up to
+manhood, will inspire an actual interest in the race that has composed
+them.
+
+And this race and their land will repay study, for nowhere will one find
+a more beautiful land than Finland, nor a braver, truer, and more
+liberty-loving people than the Finns, although, alas, their love for
+liberty may soon be reduced to an apparently hopeless longing for a lost
+ideal. For the iron hand of Russian despotism has already begun to close
+on Finland with its relentless grasp, and, in spite of former oaths and
+promises from the Russian Tsars, the future of Finland looks blacker and
+blacker as time goes on. Yet it is often the unforeseen that happens,
+and let us trust that this may be so in Finland's case, and that a
+brighter future may soon dawn, and the dark clouds that now are
+threatening may be once more dispersed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In these stories Mr. T. M. Crawford's metrical translation of the
+Kalevala has been quite closely followed, even to the adoption of his
+Anglicised, or rather Anglo-Swedish, forms for proper names, though in
+some instances the original Finnish form has been reverted to. This was
+done reluctantly, but the actual Finnish forms would seem formidable to
+children in many instances, and would probably be pronounced even
+farther from the original than as they are given here. It is to be
+hoped, moreover, that those who may now read these stories will later
+on read an actual translation of the Kalevala, and this is an
+additional reason for adopting the terminology of the only English
+translation as yet made.[1]
+
+[1] A Finnish newspaper recently states that Mr. C. is now at work on an
+improved translation.
+
+As this book is only intended for children, it would be out of place to
+discuss the age, etc., of the Kalevala. Only it would seem proper to
+state, that while the incantations and some other portions of the text
+are certainly very old, some of them no doubt dating from a period prior
+to the separation of the Finns and Hungarians, yet, as Professor Yrjö
+Koskinen remarks, "The Kalevala in its present state is without doubt
+the work of the _Karelian_ tribe of Finns, and probably dates from
+_after_ their arrival in Northern and North-Western Russia." This will
+of itself largely justify the making _Kalevala_ synonymous with the
+present _Finland_, _Pohjola_ with the present Lapland, Karjala with the
+present _Karjala_ (Anglice, _Karelia_) in South-Eastern Finland, etc.
+But even if this were not so, yet the advantage of such localisation in
+a book for children is of itself obvious.
+
+As the land and people with which the stories are concerned is so
+unknown to English children, it has seemed best to have some sort of
+introduction and framework in which to present them, and therefore
+"Father Mikko" was chosen as the story-teller.
+
+If this little volume may in any degree awake some interest in the
+Finnish people its author will be amply satisfied, and its end will have
+been attained.
+
+R. EIVIND.
+
+_April 1893._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                    PAGE
+FATHER MIKKO                           1
+
+THE WORLD'S CREATION AND THE BIRTH
+  OF WAINAMOINEN                       8
+
+THE PLANTING OF THE TREES             11
+
+WAINAMOINEN AND YOUKAHAINEN           15
+
+AINO'S FATE                           21
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S SEARCH FOR AINO         28
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S UNLUCKY JOURNEY         32
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S RESCUE                  36
+
+THE RAINBOW-MAIDEN                    41
+
+ILMARINEN FORGES THE SAMPO            50
+
+LEMMINKAINEN AND KYLLIKKI             59
+
+KYLLIKKI'S BROKEN VOW                 64
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S SECOND WOOING          69
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S DEATH                  73
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S RESTORATION            77
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S BOAT-BUILDING           86
+
+WAINAMOINEN FINDS THE LOST WORDS      93
+
+THE RIVAL SUITORS                     99
+
+ILMARINEN'S WOOING                   106
+
+THE BREWING OF BEER                  111
+
+ILMARINEN'S WEDDING FEAST            118
+
+THE ORIGIN OF THE SERPENT            124
+
+THE UNWELCOME GUEST                  131
+
+THE ISLE OF REFUGE                   136
+
+THE FROST-FIEND                      144
+
+KULLERVO'S BIRTH                     151
+
+KULLERVO AND ILMARINEN'S WIFE        156
+
+KULLERVO'S LIFE AND DEATH            160
+
+ILMARINEN'S BRIDE OF GOLD            166
+
+ILMARINEN'S FRUITLESS WOOING         170
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S EXPEDITION AND THE
+  BIRTH OF THE KANTELE (HARP)        173
+
+THE CAPTURE OF THE SAMPO             181
+
+THE SAMPO IS LOST IN THE SEA         186
+
+THE BIRTH OF THE SECOND KANTELE      190
+
+LOUHI ATTEMPTS REVENGE               194
+
+LOUHI STEALS THE SUN, THE MOON, AND
+  FIRE                               199
+
+THE RESTORATION OF THE SUN AND MOON  205
+
+MARIATTA AND WAINAMOINEN'S DEPARTURE 210
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+TABLE OF PROPER NAMES WITH PRONUNCIATION
+
+
+_Ahti_ (ach´-tee). Another name for Lemminkainen.
+
+_Ahto_ (ach´-to). God of the sea.
+
+_Ainikki_ (aë´nik-kee). Sister of Lemminkainen.
+
+_Aino_ (aë´no). Sister of Youkahainen.
+
+_Annikki_ (an´-nik-kee). Sister of Ilmarinen.
+
+_Hisi_ (hee´-see). Evil spirit; also called Lempo.
+
+_Iku Turso_ (ee´-koo-tur´-so). A sea-monster.
+
+_Ilmarinen_ (il´-ma-ree´-nen). The famous smith.
+
+_Ilmatar_ (il´-ma-tar). A daughter of the ether, mother of
+    Wainamoinen.
+
+_Imatra_ (ee´-ma-tra). Celebrated waterfall on the river Wuoksi,
+    near Viborg.
+
+_Kalerwoinen_ (kal´-er-woi´-nen) (_or_ Kalervo). Father of Kullervo.
+
+_Kalevala_ (ka´-lay-va´-la). The land of heroes. The home of
+    the Finns. The name of the Finnish epic poem.
+
+_Karjala_ (kar´-ya-la). The home of a Finnish tribe--a portion of
+    Finland (called also _Karelen_ in Swedish).
+
+_Kullervo_ (kul´-ler-vo). Slayer of the Rainbow-maiden.
+
+_Kura_ (ku´-ra). Ahti's companion to the Northland.
+
+_Lakko_ (lak´-ko). Ilmarinen's mother.
+
+_Lemminkainen_ (lem´-min-kaë´-nen). Also called _Ahti_. Son of
+    _Lempo_.
+
+_Lempo_ (lem´-po). Same as _Hisi_; also the father of Lemminkainen.
+
+_Louhi_ (loo´-chee). Mistress of Pohjola.
+
+_Lowjatar_ (low´-ya-tar). Tuoni's daughter; mother of the nine
+    diseases.
+
+_Lylikki_ (ly´-lik-kee). Maker of snow-shoes in Pohjola.
+
+_Mana_ (ma´-na). Also called Tuoni; god of death.
+
+_Manala_ (ma´-na-la). Also called Tuonela; the abode of Mana;
+    the Deathland.
+
+_Mariatta_ (Mar´-iat´-ta). The virgin mother of Wainamoinen's
+    conqueror.
+
+_Mielikki_ (meay´-lik-kee). The forest-goddess.
+
+_Osmotar_ (os´-mo-tar). The wise maiden who first made beer.
+
+_Otso_ (ot´-so). The bear.
+
+_Piltti_ (pilt´-tee). Mariatta's maid-servant.
+
+_Pohjola_ (poch´-yo-la). The Northland.
+
+_Ruotus_ (ru-o´-tus). A man who gives Mariatta shelter in his
+    stable.
+
+_Sampo_ (sam´-po). The magic mill forged by Ilmarinen, which
+    brought wealth and happiness to its possessor.
+
+_Suonetar_ (swo´-ne-tar). The goddess of the veins.
+
+_Suoyatar_ (swo´-ya-tar). The mother of the serpent.
+
+_Tapio_ (ta´-pe-o). The forest-god.
+
+_Tuonela_ (tuo´-nay-la). The abode of Tuoni; the Deathland; Manala.
+
+_Tuonetar_ (tuo´-nay-tar). The goddess of Tuonela.
+
+_Tuoni_ (tuo´-nee). The god of the Deathland; Mana.
+
+_Ukko_ (uk´-k(o). The greatest god of the Finns.
+
+_Untamo_ (un´-ta-mo). Kalervo's brother.
+
+_Wainamoinen_ (waë´-na-moy´-nen). The chief hero of the
+    Kalevala; son of Kapé.
+
+_Wipunen_ (wi´-pu-nen). The dead magician from whom Wainamoinen
+    obtained the three lost words.
+
+_Wirokannas_ (wee´-ro-kan´-nas). The priest who baptized
+    Mariatta's son.
+
+_Wuoksi_ (wuok´-see). A river in South-Eastern Finland, connecting
+    Lakes Saima and Ladoga.
+
+_Youkahainen_ (yoo´-ka-chaë´-nen). A great minstrel and magician
+    of Pohjola.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Remarks.--The Finnish _h_ is pronounced as a guttural; nearly as Ger.
+_ch_ in _ich_. This is represented by _ch_ in the above list.
+
+Every vowel should be pronounced by itself--not run together so as to
+make a totally different resultant sound, _e.g._ _Aino_ should be
+pronounced not _i-no_, but _a´-ee-no_, the _a_ and _ee_
+being close together, with the greatest stress upon the _a_, etc.
+
+_i_ corresponds to English _y_ in _year_.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+FINNISH KOTA                _Frontispiece_
+
+SLEIGHING IN FINLAND      _Facing page_ 7
+
+INTERIOR OF LAPP HUT           "       37
+
+A LAPLAND WIZARD               "       93
+
+LAPP WOMEN IN HOLIDAY COSTUME  "      118
+
+MIMI IN HOLIDAY DRESS          "      151
+
+A WATERFALL                    "      181
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FATHER MIKKO
+
+
+Far up in the ice-bound north, where the sun is almost invisible in
+winter, and where the summer nights are bright as day, there lies a land
+which we call Finland; but the people who live there call it _Suomenmaa_
+now, and long, long ago they used to call it _Kalevala_ (which means the
+_land of heroes_). And north of Finland lies Lapland, which the Finns
+now call _Lappi_, but in the olden days they called it Pohjola (that is,
+_Northland_). There the night lasts for whole weeks and months about
+Christmas, and in the summer again they have no night at all for many
+weeks. For more than half the year their country is wrapped in snow and
+frost, and yet they are both of them a kind-hearted people, and among
+the most honest and truthful in the world.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+One dark winter's day an old man was driving in a sledge through the fir
+forest in the northern part of Finland. He was so well wrapped up in
+sheep-skin robes that he looked more like a huge bundle of rugs, with a
+cord round the middle, than anything else, and the great white
+sheep-skin cap which he wore hid all the upper part of his face, while
+the lower part was buried in the high collar of his coat. All one could
+see was a pair of bright blue eyes with frost-fringed eyelashes,
+blinking at the snow that was thrown up every now and then by his
+horse's feet.
+
+He was a travelling merchant from away up in the north-western part of
+Russia, and had been in southern Finland to sell his wares, at the
+winter fairs that are held every year in the Finnish towns and villages.
+Now he was on his way home, and had come up through Kuopio, and had got
+on past Kajana already, but now it had just begun to snow, and as the
+storm grew worse, he pressed on to reach the cabin of a friend who lived
+not far ahead; and he intended to stay there until the storm should
+subside and the weather be fit for travelling once more.
+
+It was not long before he reached the cabin, and getting out of his
+sledge slowly, being stiff from the cold and the cramped position, he
+knocked on the door with his whip-handle. It was opened at once, and he
+was invited in without even waiting to see who it was, and was given the
+welcome that is always given in that country to a wearied traveller. But
+when he had taken his wraps off there was a general cry of recognition,
+and a second even more hearty welcome.
+
+'Welcome, Father Mikko!'
+
+'What good fortune has brought you hither?'
+
+'Come up to the fire,' and a chorus of cries from two little children,
+who greeted 'Pappa Mikko' with delight as an old and welcome
+acquaintance. Then the father of the family went out and attended to
+Father Mikko's horse and sledge, and in a few minutes was back again and
+joined the old man by the fire. Next his wife brought out the
+brandy-bottle and two glasses, and after her husband had filled them, he
+and Father Mikko drank each other's health very formally, for that is
+the first thing one must do when a guest comes in that country. You must
+touch your glass against your friend's, and say 'good health,' and
+raising it to your lips drink it straight off, and all the time you must
+look each other straight in the eyes.
+
+When this important formality was finished the four members of the
+family and Father Mikko made themselves comfortable around the fire,
+and they began to ask him how things had prospered with him since they
+had seen him last, and to tell him about themselves--how Erik, the
+father of the family, had been sick, and the harvest had been extra good
+that year, and one of the cows had a calf, and all the things that
+happen to people in the country.
+
+And then he told them of what was going on in the towns where he had
+been, and how every one was beginning to get ready for Christmas. And he
+turned to the two little children and told them about the children in
+the towns--how they had had such a lovely time at 'Little Christmas,'[2]
+at the house he was staying in. How the little ones had a tiny little
+tree with wee wax candles on it exactly like the big tree they were to
+have at Christmas, and how, when he left, all the children had begun to
+be impatient for Christmas Eve, with its presents and Christmas fish and
+porridge.
+
+[2] A children's festival about one week before the real Christmas.
+
+After the old man had ended his account it was dinner-time, and they all
+ate with splendid appetites, while Father Mikko declared that the
+herring and potatoes and rye-bread and beer made a far better dinner
+than any he had had in the big cities in the south--not even in
+Helsingfors had he had a better. Then when dinner was over, and they
+had all gathered round the fire again, little Mimi climbed up into
+'Pappa Mikko's' lap, and begged him to tell them '_all_ the stories he
+had ever heard, from the very beginning of the world all the way down.'
+And her father and mother joined with her in her request, for in their
+land even the grown-up people have not become too grand to listen to
+stories. As for the little boy, Antero, he was too shy to say anything;
+but he was so much interested to hear 'Pappa Mikko' that he actually
+forgot to nibble away at a piece of candy which 'Pappa Mikko' had
+brought from St. Michel.
+
+The old man smiled, for he was always asked for stories wherever he
+went--he was a famous story-teller--and, stroking little Mimi's hair
+gently, he looked at the group around the fire before replying. There
+was Erik, the father, a broad-shouldered man, with a dark,
+weather-beaten face and rather a sad look, as so many of his countrymen
+have. His face showed that his struggle in the world had not been easy,
+for he had to be working from the time he got up until he went to bed;
+and then when the harvest had been bad, and the winter much longer than
+usual, and everything seemed to go wrong--ah! it was so hard then to see
+the mother and the little ones have only bark-bread to eat, and not
+always enough of that, and one winter they had had nothing else for
+months. Erik wouldn't have minded for himself, but for them ...! Ah
+well, that was all over now; he had been able at last to save up a
+little sum of money, and the harvests were extra good this year, and he
+had bought Mother Stina a cloak for Christmas! Just think of it--a fine
+cloak, all the way from the fair at Kuopio!
+
+And next to Erik sat his wife Stina, a short, fat little woman, with
+such a merry face and happy-looking eyes that you could hardly believe
+that she had lived on anything but the best herring and potatoes and
+rye-bread all her life. Close by her side was her little boy Antero, who
+was only seven years old, and in his eagerness for the stories to
+commence he still held his piece of candy in his hand without tasting
+it.
+
+Then there was little Mimi in Father Mikko's lap. She was nearly ten
+years old, and was not a pretty little girl; but she had very lovely
+soft brown eyes and curly flaxen hair, and a quiet, demure manner of her
+own, and her mother declared that when she grew up she would be able to
+spin and weave and cook better than any other girl in the parish, and
+that the young man that should get her Mimi for a wife would get a real
+treasure.
+
+[Illustration: SLEIGHING IN FINLAND.]
+
+And lastly, there was Father Mikko himself, an old man over sixty, yet
+strong and hearty, with a long gray beard and gray hair, and eyes
+that fairly twinkled with good humour. You could hardly see his mouth
+for his beard and moustache, and certainly his nose _was_ a little too
+small and turned up at the end to be exactly handsome, and his
+cheek-bones _did_ stand out a little too high; but yet everybody, young
+and old, liked him, and his famous stories made him a welcome guest
+wherever he came.
+
+So Father Mikko lit his queer little pipe, and settled down comfortably
+with Mimi in his lap, and a glass of beer at his side to refresh himself
+with when he grew weary of talking. There was only the firelight in the
+room, and as the flames roared up the chimney they cast a warm, cosy
+light over the whole room, and made them all feel so comfortable that
+they thanked God in their hearts in their simple way, because they had
+so many blessings and comforts when such a storm was raging outside that
+it shook the house and drifted the snow up higher than the doors and
+windows.
+
+Then Father Mikko began, and this is the first story that he told them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE WORLD'S CREATION AND THE BIRTH OF WAINAMOINEN
+
+
+Long, long ago, before this world was made, there lived a lovely maiden
+called Ilmatar, the daughter of the Ether. She lived in the air--there
+were only air and water then--but at length she grew tired of always
+being in the air, and came down and floated on the surface of the water.
+Suddenly, as she lay there, there came a mighty storm-wind, and poor
+Ilmatar was tossed about helplessly on the waves, until at length the
+wind died down and the waves became still, and Ilmatar, worn out by the
+violence of the tempest, sank beneath the waters.
+
+Then a magic spell overpowered her, and she swam on and on vainly
+seeking to rise above the waters, but always unable to do so. Seven
+hundred long weary years she swam thus, until one day she could not bear
+it any longer, and cried out: 'Woe is me that I have fallen from my
+happy home in the air, and cannot now rise above the surface of the
+waters. O great Ukko,[3] ruler of the skies, come and aid me in my
+sorrow!'
+
+[3] The chief god of the Finns before they became Christians.
+
+No sooner had she ended her appeal to Ukko than a lovely duck flew down
+out of the sky, and hovered over the waters looking for a place to
+alight; but it found none. Then Ilmatar raised her knees above the
+water, so that the duck might rest upon them; and no sooner did the duck
+spy them than it flew towards them and, without even stopping to rest,
+began to build a nest upon them.
+
+When the nest was finished, the duck laid in it six golden eggs, and a
+seventh of iron, and sat upon them to hatch them. Three days the duck
+sat on the eggs, and all the while the water around Ilmatar's knees grew
+hotter and hotter, and her knees began to burn as if they were on fire.
+The pain was so great that it caused her to tremble all over, and her
+quivering shook the nest off her knees, and the eggs all fell to the
+bottom of the ocean and broke in pieces. But these pieces came together
+into two parts and grew to a huge size, and the upper one became the
+arched heavens above us, and the lower one our world itself. From the
+white part of the egg came the moonbeams, and from the yolk the bright
+sunshine.
+
+At last the unfortunate Ilmatar was able to raise her head out of the
+waters, and she then began to create the land. Wherever she put her hand
+there arose a lovely hill, and where she stepped she made a lake. Where
+she dived below the surface are the deep places of the ocean, where she
+turned her head towards the land there grew deep bays and inlets, and
+where she floated on her back she made the hidden rocks and reefs where
+so many ships and lives have been lost. Thus the islands and the rocks
+and the firm land were created.
+
+After the land was made Wainamoinen was born, but he was not born a
+child, but a full-grown man, full of wisdom and magic power. For seven
+whole years he swam about in the ocean, and in the eighth he left the
+water and stepped upon the dry land. Thus was the birth of Wainamoinen,
+the wonderful magician.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Ah!' said little Mimi, with a sigh of relief, 'I was afraid you weren't
+going to tell us about Wainamoinen at all.'
+
+And then Father Mikko went on again.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE PLANTING OF THE TREES
+
+
+Wainamoinen lived for many years upon the island on which he had first
+landed from the sea, pondering how he should plant the trees and make
+the mighty forests grow. At length he thought of Sampsa, the first-born
+son of the plains, and he sent for him to do the sowing. So Sampsa came
+and scattered abroad the seeds of all the trees and plants that are now
+on the earth,--firs and pine-trees on the hills, alders, lindens, and
+willows in the lowlands, and bushes and hawthorn in the secluded nooks.
+
+Soon all the trees had grown up and become great forests, and the
+hawthorns were covered with berries. Only the acorn lay quiet in the
+ground and refused to sprout. Wainamoinen watched seven days and nights
+to see if it would begin to grow, but it lay perfectly still. Just then
+he saw ocean maidens on the shore, cutting grass and raking it into
+heaps. And as he watched them there came a great giant out of the sea
+and pressed the heaps into such tight bundles that the grass caught fire
+and burnt to ashes. Then the giant took an acorn and planted it in the
+ashes, and almost instantly it began to sprout, and a tree shot up and
+grew and grew until it became a mighty oak, whose top was far above the
+clouds, and whose branches shut out the light of the Sun and the Moon
+and the stars.
+
+When Wainamoinen saw how the oak had shut off all the light from the
+earth, he was as deeply perplexed how to get rid of it, as he had been
+before to make it grow. So he prayed to his mother Ilmatar to grant him
+power to overthrow this mighty tree, so that the sun might shine once
+more on the plains of Kalevala.
+
+No sooner had he asked Ilmatar for help than there stepped out of the
+sea a tiny man no bigger than one's finger, dressed in cap, gloves, and
+clothes of copper, and carrying a small copper hatchet in his belt.
+Wainamoinen asked him who he was, and the tiny man replied: 'I am a
+mighty ocean-hero, and am come to cut down the oak-tree.' But
+Wainamoinen began to laugh at the idea of so little a man being able to
+cut down so huge a tree.
+
+But even while Wainamoinen was laughing, the dwarf grew all at once
+into a great giant, whose head was higher than the clouds, and whose
+long beard fell down to his knees. The giant began to whet his axe on a
+huge piece of rock, and before he had finished he had worn out six
+blocks of the hardest rock and seven of the softest sandstone. Then he
+strode up to the tree and began to cut it down. When the third blow had
+fallen the fire flew from his axe and from the tree; and before he had
+time to strike a fourth blow, the tree tottered and fell, covering the
+whole earth, north, south, east, and west, with broken fragments. And
+those who picked up pieces of the branches received good fortune; those
+who found pieces of the top became mighty magicians; and those who found
+the leaves gained lasting happiness.
+
+And then the sunlight came once more to Kalevala, and all things grew
+and flourished, only the barley had not yet been planted. Now
+Wainamoinen had found seven magic barley-grains as he was wandering on
+the seashore one day, and he took these and was about to plant them; but
+the titmouse stopped him, saying: 'The magic barley will not grow unless
+thou first cut down and burn the forest, and then plant the seeds in the
+wood-ashes.'
+
+So Wainamoinen cut down the trees as the titmouse had said, only he
+left the birch-trees standing. After all the rest were cut down an
+eagle flew down, and, alighting on a birch-tree, asked why all the
+others had been destroyed, but the birches left. And Wainamoinen
+answered that he had left them for the birds to build their nests on,
+and for the eagle to rest on, and for the sacred cuckoo to sit in and
+sing. The eagle was so pleased at this that he kindled a fire amongst
+the other trees for Wainamoinen, and they were all burnt except the
+birches.
+
+Wainamoinen then brought forth the seven magic barley-seeds from his
+skin-pouch, and sowed them in the ashes, and as he sowed he prayed to
+great Ukko to send warm rains from the south to make the seeds sprout.
+And the rain came, and the barley grew so fast that in seven days the
+crop was almost ripe.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN AND YOUKAHAINEN
+
+
+Thus Wainamoinen finished his labours and began to lead a happy life on
+the plains of Kalevala. He passed his evenings singing of the deeds of
+days gone by and stories of the creation, until his fame as a great
+singer spread far and wide in all directions.
+
+At this time, far off in the dismal Northland, there lived a young and
+famous singer and magician named Youkahainen. He was sitting one day at
+a feast with his friends, when some one came and told about the famous
+singer Wainamoinen, and how he was a sweeter singer and a more powerful
+magician than any one else in the world. This filled Youkahainen's heart
+with envy, and he vowed to hasten off to the south and to enter into a
+contest with Wainamoinen to see if he could not beat him.
+
+His mother tried to persuade him not to go, but in vain, and he made
+ready for the journey, declaring that he would sing such magic songs as
+would turn old Wainamoinen into stone. Then he brought out his noble
+steed and harnessed him to a golden sledge, and then jumping in, he gave
+the steed a cut with his pearl-handled whip, and dashed off towards
+Kalevala. On the evening of the third day he drew near to Wainamoinen's
+home, and there he met Wainamoinen himself driving along the highway.
+
+Now Youkahainen was too proud to turn out of the road for any one, and
+so their sledges dashed together and were smashed to pieces, and the
+harnesses became all twisted up together. Then Wainamoinen said: 'Who
+art thou, O foolish youth, that thou drivest so badly that thou hast run
+into my sledge and broken it to pieces?' And Youkahainen answered
+proudly: 'I am Youkahainen, and have come hither to beat the old
+magician Wainamoinen in singing and in magic.'
+
+Wainamoinen then told him who he was, and accepted the challenge, and so
+the contest began. But Youkahainen soon found that he was no match for
+his opponent, and at length he cried out in anger: 'If I cannot beat
+thee at singing and in magic, at least I can conquer thee with my bright
+sword.'
+
+Wainamoinen answered that he would not fight so weak an opponent, and
+then Youkahainen declared that he was a coward and afraid to fight. At
+last these taunts made Wainamoinen so angry that he could not restrain
+himself any longer, and he began to sing. He sang such wondrous spells
+that the mountains and the rocks began to tremble, and the sea was
+upheaved as if by a great storm. Youkahainen stood transfixed, and as
+Wainamoinen went on singing his sledge was changed to brushwood and the
+reins to willow branches, the pearl-handled whip became a reed, and his
+steed was transformed into a rock in the water, and all the harness into
+seaweed. And still the old magician sang his magic spells, and
+Youkahainen's gaily-painted bow became a rainbow in the sky, his
+feathered arrows flew away as hawks and eagles, and his dog was turned
+to a stone at his feet. His cap turned into a curling mist, his clothing
+into white clouds, and his jewel-set girdle into stars.
+
+And at length the spell began to take effect on Youkahainen himself.
+Slowly, slowly he felt himself sinking into a quicksand, and all his
+struggles to escape were in vain. When he had sunk up to his waist he
+began to beg for mercy, and cried out: 'O great Wainamoinen, thou art
+the greatest of all magicians. Release me, I beg, from this quicksand,
+and I will give thee two magic bows. One is so strong that only the very
+strongest men can draw it, and the other a child can shoot.'
+
+But Wainamoinen refused the bows and sank Youkahainen still deeper. And
+as he sank, Youkahainen kept begging for mercy, and offering first two
+magic boats, and then two magic steeds that could carry any burden, and
+finally all his gold and silver and his harvests, but Wainamoinen would
+not even listen to him. At length Youkahainen had sunk so far that his
+mouth began to be filled with water and mud, and he cried out as a last
+hope: 'O mighty Wainamoinen, if thou wilt release me I will give thee my
+sister Aino as thy bride.'
+
+This was the ransom that Wainamoinen had been waiting for, for Aino was
+famous for her beauty and loveliness of character, and so he released
+poor Youkahainen and gave him back his sledge and everything just as it
+had been before. And when it was all ready Youkahainen jumped into it
+and drove off home without saying a word.
+
+When he reached home he drove so carelessly that his sledge was broken
+to pieces against the gate-posts, and he left the broken sledge there
+and walked straight into the house with hanging head, and at first
+would not answer any of his family's questions. At length he said:
+'Dearest mother, there is cause enough for my grief, for I have had to
+promise the aged Wainamoinen my dear sister Aino as his bride.' But his
+mother arose joyfully and clapped her hands and said: 'That is no reason
+to be sad, my dear son, for I have longed for many years that this very
+thing should happen--that Aino should have so brave and wise a husband
+as Wainamoinen.'
+
+So the mother told the news to Aino, but when she heard it she wept for
+three whole days and nights and refused to be comforted, saying to her
+mother: 'Why should this great sorrow come to me, dear mother, for now I
+shall no longer be able to adorn my golden hair with jewels, but must
+hide it all beneath the ugly cap that wives have to wear. All the golden
+sunshine and the silver moonlight will go from my life.'
+
+But her mother tried to comfort her by telling her that the sun and moon
+would shine even more brightly in her new home than in her old, and that
+Kalevala was a land of flowers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'I think Aino was very stupid not to want to leave that horrid Lapland,'
+said Mimi; 'but then I suppose she didn't know what a beautiful country
+ours is,' she added thoughtfully.
+
+Here Antero, who only cared for the stories, mustered up enough courage
+to ask Pappa Mikko to go on, which the old man did at once.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+AINO'S FATE
+
+
+The next morning the lovely Aino went early to the forest to gather
+birch shoots and tassels. After she had finished gathering them she
+hastened off towards home, but as she was going along the path near the
+border of the woods she met Wainamoinen, who began thus:
+
+'Aino, fairest maid of the north, do not wear thy gold and pearls for
+others, but only for me; wear for me alone thy golden tresses.'
+
+'Not for thee,' Aino replied, 'nor for others either, will I wear my
+jewels. I need them no longer; I would rather wear the plainest clothing
+and live upon a crust of bread, if only I might live for ever with my
+mother.'
+
+And as she said this she tore off her jewels and the ribbons from her
+hair, and threw them from her into the bushes, and then she hurried
+home, weeping. At the door of the dairy sat her mother, skimming milk.
+When she saw Aino weeping she asked her what it was that troubled her.
+Aino, in reply, told her all that had happened in the forest, and how
+she had thrown away from her all her ornaments.
+
+Her mother, to comfort her, told her to go to a hill-top near by and
+open the storehouse there, and there in the largest room, in the largest
+box in that room, she would find six golden girdles and seven
+rainbow-tinted dresses, made by the daughters of the Moon and of the
+Sun. 'When I was young,' her mother said, 'I was out upon the hills one
+day seeking berries. And by chance I overheard the daughters of the Sun
+and Moon as they were weaving and spinning upon the borders of the
+clouds above the fir-forest. I went nearer to them, and crept up on a
+hill within speaking distance of them. Then I began to beseech them,
+saying: "Give some of your silver, lovely daughters of the Moon, to a
+poor but worthy maid; and I beg you, daughters of the Sun, give me some
+of your gold." And then the Moon's daughters gave me silver from their
+treasure, and the Sun's daughters gave me gold that I might adorn my
+hair and forehead. I hastened joyfully home with my treasures to my
+mother's house, and for three days I wore them. Then I took them off
+and laid them in boxes, and I have never seen them since. But now, my
+daughter, go and adorn thyself with gold and silk ribbons; put a
+necklace of pearls around thy neck, and a golden cross upon thy bosom;
+dress thyself in pure white linen; put on the richest frock that is
+there and tie it with a belt of gold; put silk stockings on thy feet and
+the finest of shoes. Then come back to us that we may admire thee, for
+thou wilt be more beautiful than the sunlight, more lovely than the
+moonbeams.'
+
+But Aino would not be consoled, and kept on weeping. 'How happy I was in
+my childhood,' she sang, 'when I used to roam the fields and gather
+flowers, but now my heart is full of grief and all my life is filled
+with darkness. It would have been better for me if I had died a
+child;--then my mother would have wept a little, and my father and
+sisters and brothers mourned a little while, and then all their sorrow
+would have been ended.'
+
+Aino wept for three days more, and then her mother once more asked her
+why she wept so, and Aino replied: 'I weep, O mother, because thou hast
+promised me to the aged Wainamoinen, to be his comforter and caretaker
+in his old age. Far better if thou hadst sent me to the bottom of the
+sea, to live with the fishes and to become a mermaid and ride on the
+waves. This had been far better than to be an old man's slave and
+darling.'
+
+When she had said this she left her mother and hastened to the
+storehouse on the hill. There she opened the largest box and took off
+six lids, and at the bottom found six golden belts and seven silk
+dresses. She chose the best of all the treasures there and adorned
+herself like a queen, with rings and jewels and gold ornaments of every
+sort.
+
+When she was fully arrayed she left the storehouse and wandered over
+fields and meadows and on through the dim and gloomy fir-forest, singing
+as she went: 'Woe is me, poor broken-hearted Aino! My grief is so heavy
+that I can no longer live. I must leave this earth and go to Manala, the
+country of departed spirits. Father, mother, brothers, sisters, weep for
+me no longer, for I am going to live beneath the sea, in the lovely
+grottos, on a couch of sea-moss.'
+
+For three long weary days Aino wandered, and as the cold night came on
+she at last reached the seashore. There she sank down, weary, on a rock,
+and sat there alone in the black night, listening to the solemn music of
+the wind and the waves, as they sang her funeral melody. When at last
+the day dawned Aino beheld three water-maidens sitting on a rock by the
+sea. She hastened to them, weeping, and then began to take off all her
+ornaments and lay them carefully away. When at length she had laid all
+her gold and silver decorations on the ground, she took the ribbons from
+her hair and hung them in a tree, and then laid her silken dress over
+one of the branches and plunged into the sea. At a distance she saw a
+lovely rock of all the colours of the rainbow, shining in the golden
+sunlight. She swam up and climbed upon it to rest. But suddenly the rock
+began to sway, and with a loud crash it fell to the bottom of the sea,
+carrying with it the unhappy Aino. And as she sank down she sang a last
+sad farewell to all her dear ones at home--a song that was so sweet and
+mournful that the wild beasts heard it, and were so touched by it that
+they resolved to send a messenger to tell her parents what had happened.
+
+So the animals held a council, and first the bear was proposed as
+messenger, but they were afraid he would eat the cattle. Next came the
+wolf, but they feared that he might eat the sheep. Then the fox was
+proposed, but then he might eat the chickens. So at length the hare was
+chosen to bear the sad tidings, and he promised to perform his office
+faithfully.
+
+He ran like the wind, and soon reached Aino's home. There he found no
+one in the house, but on going to the door of the bath-cabin he found
+some servants there making birch brooms. They had no sooner caught sight
+of him than they threatened to roast him and eat him, but he replied:
+'Do not think I have come hither to let you roast me. For I come with
+sad tidings to tell you of the flight of Aino and how she died. The
+rainbow-coloured stone sank with her to the bottom of the sea, and she
+perished, singing like a lovely song-bird. There she sleeps in the
+caverns at the bottom of the sea, and on the shore she has left her
+silken dress and all her gold and jewels.'
+
+When these tidings came to her mother the bitter tears poured from her
+eyes, and she sang, 'O all other mothers, listen: never try to force
+your daughters from the house they long to stay in, unto husbands whom
+they love not. Thus I drove away my daughter, Aino, fairest in the
+Northland.'
+
+Singing thus she sat and wept, and the tears trickled down until they
+reached her shoes, and began to flow out over the ground. Here they
+formed three little streams, which flowed on and grew larger and larger
+until they became roaring torrents, and in each torrent was a great
+waterfall. And in the midst of the waterfalls rose three huge rocky
+pillars, and on the rocks were three green hills, and on each of the
+hills was a birch-tree, and on each tree sat a cuckoo. And all three
+sang together. And the first one sang 'Love! O Love!' for three whole
+moons, mourning for the dead maiden. And the second sang 'Suitor!
+Suitor!' wailing six long moons for the unhappy suitor. And the third
+sang sadly 'Consolation! Consolation!' never ending all his life long
+for the comfort of the broken-hearted mother.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mother Stina looked at little Mimi very solemnly when this story was
+ended, as if she wondered whether she herself would ever need to take to
+heart the warning of Aino's mother. But no one said anything, and Father
+Mikko continued on with the next story.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S SEARCH FOR AINO
+
+
+When the news reached Wainamoinen he began to weep most bitterly, and
+the tears fell all that day and night; but the next day he hastened to
+the water's edge and prayed to the god of dreams to tell him where the
+water-gods dwelt. And the dream-god answered him lazily, and told him
+where the island was around which the sea-gods and the mermaids lived.
+
+Then Wainamoinen hastened to his boat-house, and chose a copper boat,
+and in it placed fishing lines and hooks and nets, and when all was
+ready he rowed off swiftly towards the forest-covered island which the
+dream-god had told him of. No sooner had he arrived there than he began
+to fish, using a line of silver and a hook of gold. But for many days he
+fished in vain, yet still he persevered. At last one day a wondrous
+fish was caught, and it played about and struggled a long time until at
+length it was exhausted, and the hero landed it in the boat.
+
+When Wainamoinen saw it he was astonished at its beauty, but after
+gazing at it for some time he drew out his knife and was about to cut it
+up ready for eating. But no sooner had he touched the fish with his
+knife than it leapt from the bottom of the boat and dived under the
+water. Then it rose again out of his reach and said to him: 'O ancient
+minstrel, I did not come hither to be eaten by thee, merely to give thee
+food for a day.'
+
+'Why didst thou come then?' asked Wainamoinen.
+
+'I came, O minstrel, to rest in thine arms and to be thy companion and
+wife for ever,' the fish replied; 'to keep thy home in order and to do
+whatever thou pleased. For I am not a fish; I am no salmon of the
+Northern Seas, but Youkahainen's youngest sister. I am the one thou wert
+fishing for--Aino, whom thou lovest. Once thou wert wise, but now art
+foolish, cruel. Thou didst not know enough to keep me, but wouldst eat
+me for thy dinner!'
+
+Then Wainamoinen begged her to return to him, but the fish replied:
+'Nevermore will Aino's spirit come to thee to be so treated,' and as it
+spoke the fish dived out of sight.
+
+Still Wainamoinen did not give up, but took out his nets and began
+dragging the waters. And he dragged all the waters in the lands of
+Lapland and of Kalevala, and caught fish of every sort, only Aino, now
+the water-maiden, never came into his net. 'Fool that I am,' he said at
+length, 'surely I was once wise, had at least a bit of wisdom, but now
+all my power has left me. For I have had Aino in my boat, but did not
+know until too late that I had even caught her.' And with these words he
+gave up his search and set off to his home in Kalevala. And on his way
+he mourned that the joyous song of the sacred cuckoo had ceased, and he
+sang: 'I shall never learn the secret how to live and prosper. If only
+my ancient mother were still living, she could give me good advice that
+this sorrow might leave me.'
+
+Then his mother awoke from her tomb in the depths and spoke to him: 'Thy
+mother was but sleeping, and I'll now advise thee how this sorrow may
+pass over. Go at once to the Northland, where dwell wise and lovely
+maidens, far lovelier than Aino. Take one of them for thy wife; she will
+make thee happy and be an honour to thy home.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'I don't think he had much of a heart if he could be consoled so easily
+as all that,' said Mother Stina, a little indignantly.
+
+'Wait and you shall see,' said old Father Mikko with a smile; and he
+continued.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S UNLUCKY JOURNEY
+
+
+Wainamoinen made ready for a journey to the Northland, to the land of
+cold winters and of little sunshine, where he was to seek a wife. He
+saddled his swift steed, and mounting, started towards the north. On and
+on he went upon his magic steed, galloping over the plains of Kalevala.
+And when he came to the shores of the wide sea, he did not halt, but
+galloped on over the water without even so much as wetting a hoof of his
+magic courser.
+
+But wicked Youkahainen hated Wainamoinen for what he had done when he
+defeated him in magic, and so he made ready a bow of steel. He painted
+it with many bright colours and trimmed it with gold and silver and
+copper. Then he chose the strongest sinews from the stag, and at length
+the great bow was ready. On the back was painted a courser, at each end
+a colt, near the bend a sleeping maiden, near the notch a running hare.
+And after that he cut some arrows out of oak, put tips of sharpened
+copper on them, and five feathers on the end. Then he hardened the
+arrows and steeped them in the blood of snakes and the poison of the
+adder to give them magic power.
+
+When all was ready Youkahainen went out to wait for his enemy. For many
+days and nights he watched in vain, but still he did not weary, and at
+last one day at dawn he saw what seemed to be a black cloud on the
+waters. But by his magic art he knew that it was Wainamoinen on his
+magic steed. Then he went after his bow, but his mother stopped him and
+asked him whom he meant to shoot with his bow and poisoned arrows.
+Youkahainen replied: 'I have made this mighty bow and these poisoned
+arrows for the old magician Wainamoinen, that I may destroy my rival.'
+
+His mother reproved him, saying, 'If thou slayest Wainamoinen all our
+joy will vanish, all the singing and music will die with him. It is
+better that we have his magic music in this world than to have it all go
+to the underground world Manala, where the spirits of the dead dwell.'
+
+Youkahainen hesitated for a moment, but then envy and hatred filled his
+heart, and he replied: 'Even though all joy and pleasure vanish from the
+world, yet will I shoot this rival singer, let the end be what it will.'
+
+With these words he hastened out and took his stand in a thicket near
+the shore. He chose the three strongest arrows from his quiver, and
+selecting the best among these three, he laid it against the string and
+aimed at Wainamoinen's heart. And as he still waited for him to come
+nearer, he sang this incantation: 'Be elastic, bow-string mine, swiftly
+fly, O oaken arrow, swift as light, O poisoned arrow, to the heart of
+Wainamoinen. If my hand too low shall aim thee, may the gods direct thee
+higher. If mine eye too high shall aim thee, may the gods direct thee
+lower.'
+
+Then he let the arrow fly, but it flew over Wainamoinen's head and
+pierced and scattered the clouds above. Again he shot a second, but it
+flew too low and penetrated to the depths of the sea. Then he aimed the
+third, and it flew from his bow swift as lightning. Straight forward it
+flew, and struck the magic steed full in the shoulder so that
+Wainamoinen was plunged headlong into the waves. And then arose a mighty
+storm-wind, and the old magician was carried far out into the wide open
+sea.
+
+But Youkahainen believed that he had killed his rival, and so went
+home, rejoicing and singing as he went. And his mother asked him, 'Hast
+thou slain great Wainamoinen?' and he replied, 'I have slain old
+Wainamoinen. Into the salt sea he plunged headlong, and the old magician
+is now at the bottom of the deep.'
+
+But his mother replied: 'Woe to earth for what thou hast done. Joy and
+singing are gone for ever, for thou hast slain the great wise singer,
+thou hast slain the joy of Kalevala.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+All his listeners seemed very much dissatisfied at the turn the story
+had taken, so Father Mikko hastened to assure them that Wainamoinen was
+not really dead, and then he began the next story.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S RESCUE
+
+
+But Wainamoinen was not dead, but swam on for eight days and seven
+nights trying to reach land. And when the evening of the eighth day came
+and still no land was in sight, he began to grow tired and to despair of
+ever getting out alive.
+
+But just then he spied an eagle of wonderful size flying towards him
+from the west. And the eagle flew up to him and asked who he was and how
+he had come there in the ocean.
+
+And Wainamoinen replied: 'I am Wainamoinen, the great singer and
+magician. I had left my home for the distant Northland, and as I
+galloped over the ocean and neared the shore, the wicked Youkahainen
+killed my steed with his magic arrows, and I was cast headlong into the
+waters. And then a mighty wind arose and drove me farther and ever
+farther out to sea, and now I have been struggling with the winds and
+waves for eight long weary days, and I fear that I shall perish of cold
+and hunger before I reach any land.'
+
+[Illustration: INTERIOR OF LAPP HUT.]
+
+The eagle replied: 'Do not be discouraged, but seat thyself upon my back
+and I will carry thee to land, for I have not forgotten the day when
+thou left the birch-trees standing for the birds to sing in and the
+eagle to rest on.'
+
+So Wainamoinen climbed upon the eagle's broad back and seated himself
+securely there, and off the eagle flew, straight to the nearest land.
+There on the shore of the dismal Northland the eagle left him, and flew
+off to join his mate.
+
+Wainamoinen found himself upon a bare, rocky point of land, without a
+trace of human life about it, nor any path through the woods by which it
+was surrounded. And he wept bitterly, for he was far from home, covered
+with wounds from his battle with the winds and waters, and faint with
+hunger: three days and three nights he wept without ceasing.
+
+Now the fair and lovely daughter of old Louhi had laid a wager with the
+Sun, that she would rise before him the next morning. And so she did,
+and had time to shear six lambs before the Sun had left his couch
+beneath the ocean. And after this she swept up the floor of the stable
+with a birch broom, and collecting the sweepings on a copper shovel, she
+carried them to the meadow near the seashore. There she heard the sound
+of some one weeping, and hastening back she told her mother of it.
+
+Then Louhi, ancient mistress of the Northland, hurried out from her
+house and down to the seashore. There she heard the sound of weeping,
+and quickly pushed off from the shore in a boat and rowed to where the
+weeping Wainamoinen sat.
+
+When she came to him she said to him: 'What folly hast thou done to be
+in so sad a state?'
+
+Wainamoinen replied: 'It is indeed folly that has brought me into this
+trouble. I was happy enough at home before I went on this expedition.'
+
+Then Louhi asked him to tell her who he was of all the great heroes.
+
+Wainamoinen replied: 'Formerly I was honoured as a great singer and
+magician: I was called the "Singer of Kalevala," the wise Wainamoinen.'
+
+Then Louhi said: 'Rise, O hero, from thy lowly couch among the willows,
+come with me to my home and there tell me the story of thy adventures.'
+So she took the starving hero into her boat and rowed him to the shore,
+and took him to her house. There she gave him food, and the warmth and
+rest and shelter soon restored to him all his strength. Then Louhi asked
+him to relate his adventures, and he told her all that had happened to
+him.
+
+When he had finished Louhi said to him: 'Weep no more, Wainamoinen, for
+thou shalt be welcome in our homes, thou shalt live with us and eat our
+salmon and other fish.'
+
+Wainamoinen thanked her for her kindness, but added: 'One's own country
+and table and home are the best and dearest. May the great god, Ukko,
+the Creator, grant that I may once more reach my dear home and country.
+It is better to drink clear water from a birchen cup in one's own home,
+than in foreign lands to drink the richest liquors from the golden
+beakers of strangers.'
+
+Then Louhi asked him: 'What reward wilt thou give me, if I carry thee
+back to thy beloved home, to the plains of Kalevala?'
+
+Wainamoinen asked her what reward she would consider sufficient, whether
+gold or silver treasures, but Louhi answered: 'I ask not for gold or
+silver, O wise Wainamoinen, but canst thou forge for me the magic Sampo,
+with its lid of many colours, the magic mill that grinds out flour on
+one side, and salt from another side, and turns out money from the
+third? I will give thee, too, my daughter, as a reward, to be thy wife
+and to care for thy home.'
+
+But Wainamoinen answered sadly: 'I cannot forge for thee the magic
+Sampo, but take me to my country and I will send thee Ilmarinen, who
+will make it for thee, and wed thy lovely daughter. Ilmarinen is a
+wondrous smith; he it was who forged the heavens, and so perfectly did
+he do it that we cannot see a single mark of the hammer on them.'
+
+Louhi replied: 'Only to him who can forge the magic Sampo for me will I
+give my daughter.' Then she harnessed up her sledge and put Wainamoinen
+in it and made him all ready for his journey home. And as he started off
+she spoke these words to him: 'Do not raise thy eyes to the heavens, do
+not look upward while the day lasts, before the evening star has risen,
+or a terrible misfortune will happen to you.'
+
+Then Wainamoinen drove off, and his heart grew light as he left the
+dismal Northland behind him on his way to Kalevala.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RAINBOW-MAIDEN
+
+
+The fair Rainbow-maiden, Louhi's daughter, sat upon a rainbow in the
+heavens, and was clad in the most splendid dress of gold and silver. She
+was busy weaving golden webs of wonderful beauty, using a shuttle of
+gold and a silver weaving-comb.
+
+As Wainamoinen came swiftly along the way which led from the dark and
+dismal Northland to the plains of Kalevala, before he had gone far on
+his way he heard in the sky above him the humming of the
+Rainbow-maiden's loom. Without thinking of old Louhi's warning, he
+looked up and beheld the maiden seated on the gorgeous rainbow weaving
+beauteous cloths. No sooner had he seen the lovely maiden than he
+stopped, and calling to her asked her to come to his sledge.
+
+The Rainbow-maiden replied: 'Tell me what thou wishest of me.'
+
+'Thou shalt come with me,' Wainamoinen replied, 'to bake me
+honey-biscuit, to fill my cup with foaming beer, to sing beside my
+table, to be a queen within my home in the land of Kalevala.'
+
+But the maiden replied: 'Yesterday I went at twilight to the flowery
+meadows. There I heard a thrush singing, and I asked him, "Tell me,
+pretty song-bird, how shall I live most happily, as a maiden in my
+father's home or as a wife by my husband's side?" And the bird sang in
+reply, "The summer days are bright and warm, and so is a maiden's
+freedom; the winter is cold and dark, and so are the lives of married
+women. They are like dogs chained in a kennel, no favours are given to
+wives."'
+
+But Wainamoinen answered the maiden: 'The thrush sings only nonsense.
+Maidens are treated like little children, but wives are like queens.
+Come to my sledge, O maiden, for I am not the least among heroes, nor am
+I ignorant of magic. Come, and I will make thee my wife and queen in
+Kalevala.'
+
+Then the Rainbow-maiden promised to be his wife if he would split a
+golden hair with a knife that had no edge, and take a bird's egg from
+the nest with a snare that no one could see. Wainamoinen did both these
+things, and then begged her to come to his sledge, for he had done what
+she asked.
+
+But she set another task for him, telling him she would marry him if he
+could peel a block of sandstone and cut a whip-handle from ice without
+making a single splinter. And Wainamoinen did both these things, but
+still the maiden refused to go until he had performed a third task. This
+was to make from the splinters of her distaff a little ship, and to
+launch it into the water without touching it.
+
+Then Wainamoinen took the pieces of her distaff and set to work. He took
+them to a mountain from which he got the iron for his work, and for
+three days he laboured with hatchet and hammer. But on the evening of
+the third day a wicked spirit, Lempo, caught his hatchet as he raised it
+up, and turned it as it fell, so that it hit a rock and broke in
+fragments, and one of the pieces flew into the magician's knee, and cut
+it, so that the blood poured out.
+
+Then Wainamoinen began to sing a magic incantation to stop the blood
+from flowing, but his magic was powerless against the evil Lempo, and he
+could not stop the blood. Then he gathered certain herbs with wonderful
+powers, and put them on the wound, but still he could not heal it up,
+for Lempo's spell was too powerful for his magic. So he got into his
+sledge again, and drove off at a gallop to seek for help. Soon he came
+to a place where the road branched off in three directions. He chose the
+left-hand one, and galloped on till he reached a house. When he went to
+the door he found only a boy and a baby inside, and when he had told
+them what he wanted, the boy said, 'There is no one here that can help
+thee, but take the middle road, and perhaps thou wilt find help.'
+
+So off he galloped to where the roads branched off, and then along the
+middle one to another house. There he found an old witch lying on the
+floor, but she gave him the same answer that the boy had done, and sent
+him to the right-hand road.
+
+On this road he came to another cottage, where an old man with a long
+gray beard was sitting by the fire. And when Wainamoinen told him of his
+trouble, the old man replied, 'Greater things have been done by but
+three of the magic words; water has been turned to land, and land to
+water.' On hearing this answer Wainamoinen rose from his sledge and went
+into the cottage, and seated himself there. And all this time his knee
+was bleeding, so that the blood was enough to fill seven huge birchen
+pots.
+
+Then the old man asked him who he was, and bade him sing to him the
+origin[4] of the iron that had wounded him so, and Wainamoinen related
+the following story of how iron was first made:
+
+[4] For they believed that a magic song that told the _origin_ of any
+trouble would also cure it.
+
+Long ago after there were air and water, fire was born, and after the
+fire came iron. Ukko, the creator, rubbed his hands upon his left knee,
+and there arose thence three lovely maidens, who were the mothers of
+iron and steel. These three maidens walked forth on the clouds, and from
+their bosoms ran the milk of iron, down unto the clouds and thence down
+upon the earth. Ukko's eldest daughter cast black milk over the
+river-beds, and the second cast white milk over the hills and mountains,
+and the third red milk over the lakes and oceans; and from the black
+milk grew the soft black iron-ore; from the white milk the
+lighter-coloured ore; and from the red milk the brittle red iron-ore.
+
+After the iron had lain in peace for a while, Fire came to visit his
+brother Iron and tried to eat him up. Then Iron ran from him and took
+refuge in the swamps and marshes, and that is how we now find iron-ore
+hidden in the marshes.
+
+Then was born the great smith, Ilmarinen, and the next morning after he
+was born he built his smithy on a hill near the marshland. There he
+found the hidden iron-ore, and carried it to his smithy and put it in
+the furnace to be smelted. And Ilmarinen had not blown more than three
+strokes of the bellows before the iron began to grow soft as dough. But
+then Iron cried out to him, 'Take me from this furnace, Ilmarinen, save
+me from this cruel torture!' for the heat of the fire had grown
+unbearable.
+
+'Thou art not hurt, but only a little frightened,' Ilmarinen replied;
+'but I will take thee out, and thou shalt be a great warrior and slay
+many heroes.'
+
+But Iron swore by the hammer and anvil, 'I will injure trees and
+mountains, but I'll never kill the heroes. I will be men's servant and
+their tool, but will not serve for weapons.'
+
+So Ilmarinen put the iron on his anvil, and made from it many fine
+things and tools of every kind. But he could not harden the iron into
+steel, though he pondered over it for a long time. He made a lye from
+birch-ashes and water to harden the iron in, but it was all in vain.
+
+Just then a little bee came flying up, and Ilmarinen begged him to bring
+honey from all the flowers in the meadows, that he might put it in the
+water and so harden the iron to steel. But a hornet, one of the servants
+of the evil spirit Lempo, was sitting on the roof and overheard
+Ilmarinen's words. And the hornet flew off and collected all the evil
+charms he could find--the hissing of serpents, the venom of adders, the
+poison of spiders, the stings of every insect--and brought them to
+Ilmarinen. He thought that the bee had come and brought him honey from
+the meadows, and so mixed all these poisons with the water in which he
+was to plunge the iron. And when he thrust the iron into the poisoned
+water it was turned to hard steel, but the poisons made it forget its
+oath and grow hard-hearted, and it began to wound men and cause their
+blood to flow in streams. This was the origin of steel and iron.
+
+When Wainamoinen had finished, the old man rose from the hearth and
+began an incantation to make the wound close up. First he cursed Iron
+that it had become so wicked, and then he bade the blood cease to flow
+by the power of his magic. And as he went on he prayed to great Ukko
+that if this magic incantation should not prove sufficient, Ukko himself
+would come and stop the wound.
+
+By the time he had finished his words of magic the blood ceased flowing
+from the wound. Then the old man sent his son to make a healing salve
+out of herbs, to take away the soreness from Wainamoinen's knee.
+
+First the youth made a salve from oak-bark and young shoots, and many
+sorts of healing grasses. Three days and three nights he steeped them in
+a copper kettle, but when he had finished the salve would not do. Then
+he added still other healing herbs, and steeped it for three days more,
+and at last it was ready. First he tried it on a birch-tree that had
+been broken down by wicked Lempo. He rubbed the salve on the broken
+branches and said: 'With this salve I anoint thee, recover, O
+birch-tree, and grow more beautiful than ever!'
+
+And the tree grew together and became more beautiful and strong than
+ever before. Then he tried the salve on broken granite boulders and on
+fissures in the mountains, and it was so powerful that it closed them
+all together as if they had never existed. After this he hurried home
+and gave the magic salve to his father, and told him what he had done
+with it.
+
+The old man anointed Wainamoinen's knee with it, saying: 'Do not rely on
+thine own virtue or power, but in thy creator's strength; do not speak
+with thine own wisdom, but with great Ukko's. Whatever in thee is good
+comes from Ukko.'
+
+No sooner had the old man put on the salve and said these words, than
+Wainamoinen was seized with a terrible pain, and lay rolling and
+writhing on the floor in agony. But the old man bandaged up his knee
+with a silken bandage, and prayed to Ukko to come to his assistance.
+
+And suddenly the pain left Wainamoinen and his knee became as strong
+and well as ever. Then he raised his eyes in gratitude to heaven and
+prayed thus to Ukko: 'Praise to thee, my Creator, for the aid that thou
+hast given me. For thou hast banished all my pain and trouble. O all ye
+people of Kalevala, both those now living and those to come, boast not
+of the work that ye have done but give to God the praise, for the great
+Ukko alone can make all things perfect, Ukko is the one master!'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There was a moment's pause, and then little Mimi said that she was so
+glad Wainamoinen was well again, and asked Father Mikko to tell them
+what happened to him next. But the old man answered that he must have a
+_little_ time to breathe at least. So he filled his pipe again and
+lighted it, and Erik brought up some more beer, and they sat and smoked
+and drank beer and chatted for a while.
+
+Then, when he felt rested once more, Father Mikko obeyed Mimi's urgent
+request and began again to tell them how Wainamoinen got home, and what
+happened afterwards.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN FORGES THE SAMPO
+
+
+No sooner was Wainamoinen cured of his wound than he put his sledge in
+order and drove off at lightning speed towards Kalevala. For three days
+he journeyed over hills and valleys, over marshes and meadows, and on
+the evening of the third day he reached the land of Kalevala once again.
+
+There, on the border line he halted, and began a magic song. And as he
+sang a fir-tree began to grow from the earth, and kept on growing until
+its top had grown up above the clouds and reached to the stars. When the
+tree had finished growing, Wainamoinen sang another magic song, so that
+the moon was caught fast in the tree's branches and obliged to shine
+there until Wainamoinen should reverse his spell. And then by another
+spell he made the stars of the Great Bear fast in the tree-top, and
+then jumped into his sledge and drove on again to his home, with his
+cap set awry on his head, mourning because he had promised to send
+Ilmarinen back to the Northland, to forge the magic Sampo as his ransom.
+
+As he drove on he came to Ilmarinen's smithy, and he stopped and went in
+to him. Ilmarinen welcomed him and asked where he had been so long, and
+what had happened to him.
+
+Then Wainamoinen told him of his journey to the Northland, and all the
+dangers he had gone through, and he added: 'In a village there I saw a
+maiden, who is the fairest in all the Northland. All there sing her
+praises, for her forehead shines like the rainbow and her face is fair
+as the golden moonlight. She is more beautiful than the sun and all the
+stars together, but she will not marry any suitor. But do thou go, dear
+Ilmarinen, and see her wondrous beauty; forge the magic Sampo for her
+mother and then thou shalt win this lovely maiden to be thy wife.'
+
+But Ilmarinen replied: 'O cunning Wainamoinen, I know that thou hast
+promised me as a ransom for thyself. But I will never go to that gloomy
+country, nor do I care for thy beautiful maiden; I will not go for all
+the maids in Pohjola.'
+
+Wainamoinen answered: 'But I can tell thee of still greater wonders,
+for I have seen a giant fir-tree growing on the border of our own
+country; its top is higher than the clouds, and in its branches shine
+the moon and the Great Bear.'
+
+'I will not believe thy wonderful story,' replied Ilmarinen, 'until I
+see the tree with my own eyes and the moon and stars shining in it.'
+
+'Come with me,' said Wainamoinen, 'and I will show thee that I speak the
+truth.' So off they set to see the wondrous tree. When they had come to
+it Wainamoinen asked Ilmarinen to climb the tree and to bring down the
+moon and stars, and he at once began to climb up towards them.
+
+But, while he was climbing, the fir-tree spoke to him, saying: 'Foolish
+hero, why hast thou so little knowledge as to try to steal the moon from
+my branches?' No sooner had the tree said these words to Ilmarinen, than
+Wainamoinen sang a magic spell, calling up a great storm-wind, and
+saying to it: 'O storm-wind, take Ilmarinen and carry him in thy airy
+vessel to the dark and dismal Northland.'
+
+And the storm-wind came and heaped up the clouds so that they formed a
+boat, and seizing Ilmarinen from the tree it placed him in the clouds
+and rushed off to the north, carrying clouds and all with it. On and on
+he sailed, rising higher than the moon, tossed about by the wind, until
+at last he came to the Northland and the storm-wind set him down in
+Louhi's courtyard.
+
+Old toothless Louhi saw him as he alighted, and asked him: 'Who art thou
+that comest through the air, riding on the storm-wind? Hast thou ever
+met the great smith Ilmarinen, for I have long been waiting for him to
+come and forge the magic Sampo for me.'
+
+'I do indeed know him well,' he replied, 'for I myself am Ilmarinen.'
+
+At these words Louhi hurried into the house and told her youngest
+daughter to dress herself in all her most splendid clothes and
+ornaments, for Ilmarinen was come to make the Sampo for them. So the
+maiden chose her loveliest silken dresses, and placed a circlet of
+copper round her brow, a golden girdle round her waist, and pearls about
+her neck, and in her hair she twisted threads of gold and silver. When
+she was dressed she looked, with her rosy red cheeks and bright
+sparkling eyes, more lovely than any other maiden in all the Northland,
+and then she hurried to the hall to meet Ilmarinen.
+
+Louhi went to Ilmarinen and led him into the house, where there was a
+feast spread ready for him. She gave him the best seat at the table, and
+the choicest viands to eat, and gave him everything he wished for. Then
+she asked him if he would forge the Sampo for her, and promised him, if
+he would, her fairest daughter as his wife.
+
+Ilmarinen was charmed with her daughter's beauty, and he promised to do
+what she asked. But when he went to look for a place to work in, he
+could find no place, and not even so much as a pair of bellows to blow
+his fire with. Still he was not discouraged, but for three days he
+wandered about, looking for a place to build a workshop. On the evening
+of the third day he saw a huge rock that was suited for his purpose, and
+there he began to build. The first day he built the chimney and started
+a fire; the second day he made his bellows and put them in place; the
+third day he finished his furnace, and had all ready to begin his work.
+
+Then Ilmarinen made a magic mixture of certain metals and put them in
+the bottom of the furnace. And he hired some of Louhi's men to work the
+bellows and keep putting fuel on the fire. Three long summer days the
+workmen blew the bellows, until at length the base rock began to blossom
+in flames from the magic heat.
+
+On the evening of the first day Ilmarinen bent over the furnace and took
+out a magic bow. It gleamed like the moon, had a shaft of copper and
+tips of silver, and was the most wonderful bow that had ever been made.
+But it would not rest satisfied unless it killed a warrior every day,
+and two on feast-days. So Ilmarinen broke it into pieces and threw them
+back into the furnace, and tried again to forge the Sampo.
+
+On the evening of the second day he looked into the furnace and drew
+forth a magic vessel. It was all purple, save the ribs that were of gold
+and the vase of copper, and it was the most beautiful vessel that ever
+had been made. But wherever it went it always led men into quarrels and
+fights, so Ilmarinen broke it into pieces and threw it back into the
+furnace.
+
+On the evening of the third day he took out of the furnace a magic
+heifer, with horns of gold and the most beautifully-shaped head. But she
+was ill-tempered and would not stay at home, but rushed through the
+forest and swamps and wasted all her milk on the ground. So Ilmarinen
+cut the magic heifer in pieces and threw them back into the furnace.
+
+And on the fourth evening he took out a wonderful plough, the
+ploughshare of gold and the handles of silver and the beam of copper.
+But it ploughed up fields of barley and the richest meadows, so
+Ilmarinen threw it back into the furnace.
+
+Then he drove away all his workmen, and by his magic called up the
+storm-winds to blow his bellows. They came from the North and South and
+East and West, and they blew one day and then another and then a third,
+until the fire leapt out through the windows, the sparks flew from the
+door, and the smoke rose up and mingled with the clouds. And on the
+third evening Ilmarinen looked into the furnace and beheld the magic
+Sampo growing there. Quickly he took it out and placed it on his anvil,
+and taking a huge hammer the wonderful smith forged the luck-bringing
+Sampo. From one side it grinds out flour, and from the other salt, and
+from the third it coins out money. And the lid is all the colours of the
+rainbow, and as it rocks back and forth it grinds one measure for the
+day, and one for the market and one for the storehouse.
+
+Then old Louhi joyfully took the luck-bringing Sampo and hid it in the
+hills of Lapland. She bound it with nine great locks, and by her
+witchcraft made three roots grow all around it, two deep beneath the
+mountains and one beneath the seashore.
+
+And when he had finished the Sampo, Ilmarinen came to the lovely
+daughter of Louhi and asked her if she were ready now to be his wife.
+But she replied: 'If I should go with thee, and leave the Northland, all
+the birds would cease to sing. No, never while I live will I give up my
+maiden freedom, lest all the birds should leave the forest and the
+mermaids leave the waters.'
+
+So Ilmarinen had made the Sampo all in vain, and he was now far from
+home and had no way of returning. But Louhi came to him and asked him
+why he was grieving, and when she learned his trouble, and that he now
+wished to return to his own home, she provided him with a boat of
+copper. And when he had set sail she sent the north wind to carry him on
+his way, and on the evening of the third day he reached his home.
+
+There Wainamoinen met him and asked if he had forged the magic Sampo.
+'Yes,' replied Ilmarinen, 'I have forged the Sampo, with its lid of many
+colours. Louhi has the wondrous Sampo, but I have lost the beauteous
+maiden.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Ah!' said little Mimi, 'old Louhi's daughter was just as mean as could
+be, and of course she didn't keep her promise, because Lapps never can
+be good people.'
+
+'Don't be too hard on the poor Lapps, my dear,' said Father Mikko, 'for
+you see this happened a great many hundreds of years ago, and the whole
+world has grown better since then. But now we will leave Ilmarinen and
+Wainamoinen for a while, and I will tell you about the reckless
+Lemminkainen and his adventures.'
+
+So the old man began as follows:
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN AND KYLLIKKI
+
+
+Long, long ago a son was born to Lempo, and he was named Lemminkainen,
+but some call him Ahti. He grew up amongst the islands and fed upon the
+salmon until he became a mighty man, handsome to look at and skilled in
+magic. But he was not as good as he was handsome--he had a wicked heart,
+and was more famous for his dancing than for great deeds.
+
+Now at the time my story begins, there lived in the Northland a
+beautiful maiden named Kyllikki. She was so lovely that the Sun had
+begged her to marry his son and come and live with them. But she
+refused, and when the Moon came and besought her to marry her son, and
+the Evening Star sought her for his son, she refused them both. And
+after that came suitors from all the countries round about, but the
+lovely Kyllikki would not marry one of them.
+
+When Lemminkainen heard of this, he resolved that he would win her
+himself. But his aged mother tried to dissuade him, telling him that the
+maiden was of a higher family than his own, that all the Northland women
+would laugh at him, and then if he should try to punish them for their
+laughter, that the warriors of the Northland would fall on him and kill
+him. But all this did not make him change his mind, and he started off
+for the distant Northland.
+
+When he came near to Kyllikki's home, all the women and maidens that saw
+him began to laugh at him because he looked so poor, and yet dared to
+try to win the fair Kyllikki's hand. When he heard them laughing, it
+made him so angry that he drove on without paying any attention to how
+he was driving, and when he came to the courtyard his sledge hit against
+the gate-post and broke to pieces, and threw him out into the snow.
+
+He rose up angrier than ever, but all those around only laughed the
+harder at him, and made all manner of fun of him. Then they offered him
+a place as a shepherd on the mountains. So Ahti became a shepherd, and
+spent all the days on the hills, but in the evenings he went to their
+dances, and when he had shown them what a skilful dancer he was, he
+soon became a great favourite with all the women, and they began to
+praise him instead of laughing at him.
+
+But fair Kyllikki alone would have nothing to do with him--would not
+even look at him in spite of all his endeavours to win her. At last she
+was tired out with his attentions, and told him that he had better
+return home, for she did not like him, and that so long as he stayed
+there she would not even look at him.
+
+Still he did not go away, but waited until a chance came to carry out
+his new plan. About a month after this, all the maidens were met
+together for a dance in a glen among the hills, and among them was
+Kyllikki. Suddenly Lemminkainen came galloping up in his sledge and
+seized the fair Kyllikki as she was dancing with the rest, placed her in
+his sledge, and drove off like the whirlwind, and as he flew by the
+frightened maidens he cried out to them: 'Never tell that I have taken
+Kyllikki, or I will cast a magic spell over your lovers, so that they
+will all leave you and go off to the wars and will never come back to
+dance and make merry with you.'
+
+But Kyllikki wept and begged Lemminkainen to give her back her freedom,
+saying, 'Oh, give me back my freedom, cruel Lemminkainen; let me return
+on foot to my grieving father and mother. If thou wilt not let me go, O
+Ahti, I will curse thee and will call upon my seven valiant brothers to
+pursue and kill thee. Once I was happy among my people, but now all my
+joy has gone since thou hast come to torment me, O cruel-hearted Ahti!'
+
+But all her words could not move Lemminkainen to release her. Then he
+said to her: 'Dearest maiden, fair Kyllikki, cease thy weeping and be
+joyful; I will never harm thee nor deceive thee. Why shouldst thou be
+sorrowful, for I have a lovely home and friends and riches, and thou
+shalt never need to labour. Do not despise me because my family is not
+mighty, for I have a good spear and a sharp sword, and with these I will
+gain greatness and power for thy sake.'
+
+Then Kyllikki asked him: 'O Ahti, son of Lempo, wilt thou then be to me
+a faithful husband; wilt thou swear to me never to go to battle nor to
+strife of any sort?'
+
+'I will swear upon my honour,' Lemminkainen replied, 'that I will never
+go to battle, if thou wilt promise in return never to go to dance in the
+village, however much thou mayst long for it.'
+
+So the two swore before the great Ukko, Lemminkainen promising never to
+go to battle, and Kyllikki that she would never go to the village
+dances. And then Lemminkainen rejoicing cracked his whip, and they
+galloped on like the wind over hills and valleys towards the plains of
+Kalevala.
+
+As they came near to Lemminkainen's home, Kyllikki saw that it looked
+dreary and poor, and began to weep again, but Lemminkainen comforted
+her, telling her that now he would build a splendid mansion for her, and
+so she grew cheerful once more.
+
+They drove up to his mother's cottage, and as they entered his mother
+asked him how he had fared. Ahti answered: 'I have well repaid the scorn
+of the Northland maidens, for I have brought the fairest of them with me
+in my sledge. I brought her well wrapt in bear-skins hither, to be my
+loving bride for ever. Beloved mother, make ready for us the best room
+and prepare a rich feast, that my bride may be content.'
+
+His mother answered: 'Praised be gracious Ukko, that hath given me a
+daughter. Praise Ukko, my son, that thou hast won this lovely maiden,
+the pride of the Northland, who is purer than the snow, more graceful
+than the swan, and more beautiful than the stars. Let us make our
+dwelling larger, and decorate the walls most beautifully in honour of
+thy lovely bride, the fairest maid of all creation.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KYLLIKKI'S BROKEN VOW
+
+
+Lemminkainen and Kyllikki lived together happily for many years, keeping
+the promises they had made to each other. But one day Lemminkainen had
+not come home from fishing by sunset, and then the longing to dance was
+more than Kyllikki could withstand, and she went into the village and
+joined the maidens in their dance.
+
+As soon as Lemminkainen came home, his sister Ainikki came to him and
+told him how Kyllikki had broken her promise and had joined in the
+dance. Then Lemminkainen grew angry and sad at the same time, and he
+went to his mother and asked her to steep his clothing in the blood of
+serpents, for he was going off to battle since Kyllikki could not keep
+her vow.
+
+Kyllikki tried to persuade him not to leave her, telling him that she
+had dreamt a dream, in which she saw their home in flames and the fire
+bursting out through the doors and windows and roof. But Lemminkainen
+replied: 'I have no faith in women's dreams or maidens' vows. Bring me
+my copper armour, mother, for I long to get to the wars, to go to dismal
+Pohjola, there to win great stores of gold and silver.'
+
+'Stay at home, my dear son,' his aged mother said, 'and drink the beer
+in our cellars, sitting peaceably by thine own hearth, for we have more
+than enough gold and silver. Only the other day, as our servants were
+ploughing the fields they came upon a chest of gold and silver buried in
+the ground--take this and be content.'
+
+When all this had no effect upon Lemminkainen, his mother began to tell
+him of the magic of the Northland people, and that they would sing him
+into the fire so that he would be burnt to death. But he replied: 'Long
+ago three Lapland wizards tried to bewitch me, and employed their
+strongest spells against me, but I stood unmoved. Then I began my own
+magic songs, and before long I overcame them and sank them to the bottom
+of the sea, where they are still sleeping and the seaweed is growing
+through their hair and beards.'
+
+Still his mother tried to stop him, and his wife Kyllikki begged his
+forgiveness in tears. He stood listening to them and brushing out his
+long black hair, but at last he became impatient, and threw the brush
+from him and cried out: 'I will not stay, but keep that brush, and when
+ye see blood oozing from its bristles, then ye may know that some
+terrible misfortune has overtaken me.'
+
+Saying this he left them and put on his armour and harnessed his steed
+into his sledge. Then he sang a song, calling on all the spirits of the
+woods and the mountains and the waters and on great Ukko himself to help
+him against the Northland wizards, and when his song was ended he drove
+off like the wind.
+
+In the evening of the third day he reached a little village in the
+Northland. Here he drove into a courtyard and called out: 'Is there any
+one strong enough to attend to my horse and take care of my sledge.'
+There was a child playing on the floor of the house, and it replied that
+there was no one there to do it. Then Lemminkainen rode on to another
+house and asked the same question; and a man standing in the doorway
+replied: 'There are plenty here that are mighty enough not only to
+unharness thy steed, but to conquer thee and drive thee to thy home ere
+the sun has set.'
+
+Then Lemminkainen told him that he would return and slay him, and so
+drove off to the highest house in the village. Here he cast a spell over
+the watch-dog, so that he should not bark, and drove in. Then he struck
+on the ground with his whip, and from the ground there arose a vapour
+that concealed the sledge, and in the vapour was a dwarf that took his
+steed and unharnessed it and gave it food. But Lemminkainen went on into
+the house, having first made himself invisible. There he found a great
+many people singing and making merry, and by the fires the Northland
+wizards were seated. He made his way on, and then took on his own shape
+again and entered into the main hall, and cried out to those that were
+singing to be silent.
+
+As soon as she saw him the mistress of the house ran up to him and asked
+him who he was, and how he had passed the watch-dog unnoticed. Then
+Lemminkainen told her who he was, and instantly began to weave his magic
+spells, while the lightning shot from his fur mantle and flames from his
+eyes. He sang them all under the power of his magic--some beneath the
+waters, some into the burning fire, some beneath the heaped-up
+mountains. Only one poor old man, who was blind and lame, did he leave
+untouched. And when the old man asked him why it was that he had alone
+been left, cruel Lemminkainen began to abuse him and to torment him with
+words, until the old man, Nasshut, grew almost wild with anger, and
+hobbled away, swearing to have vengeance. Nasshut journeyed on and on,
+and at last arrived at the river Tuoni, which separates the land of the
+dead from the land of the living. There he waited until Lemminkainen
+should come, for he knew, by his wizard's skill, that he would come
+thither soon.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S SECOND WOOING
+
+
+After this Lemminkainen travelled on through dismal Pohjola until he
+came to the home of aged Louhi. He went in to Louhi and begged her to
+give him one of her daughters in marriage, but Louhi refused, saying:
+'Thou hast already taken one wife from Lapland, the fair Kyllikki, and I
+will give thee neither the loveliest nor yet the ugliest of my
+daughters.'
+
+Still Lemminkainen kept urging her, and at last, to get rid of him, she
+said: 'I will never give one of my daughters to a worthless man. Thou
+mayst not ask me again until thou bringest me the Hisi-reindeer.'
+
+Then Lemminkainen set to work to make his arrows and his darts. When
+these were done he went to Lylikki, the great snow-shoe maker, and bade
+him make a huge pair of snow-shoes, as he was going to hunt the
+Hisi-reindeer. At first Lylikki tried to dissuade him, telling him he
+could never succeed, but perhaps would die in the forest. But
+Lemminkainen ordered him again to make the snow-shoes, and Lylikki set
+to work. He made them of wood, only a few inches wide, but longer than
+Lemminkainen was tall, and with straps in the middle to fasten them on
+to the feet; and he also made a staff for Lemminkainen to push himself
+along with, or to keep his balance with when he slid down the hills.
+
+At length they were finished, and Lemminkainen put them on, and his
+quiver on his back, and took his snow-staff in his hand, and as he set
+off he cried out: 'There is no living thing in all the forest that can
+escape me now, when I take my mighty strides in Lylikki's snow-shoes.'
+
+But the evil spirit Hisi overheard him as he boasted thus, and Hisi set
+to work to make an enchanted reindeer, that Lemminkainen would never be
+able to catch. So he took bare willow branches to make the horns, and
+wood for the head, the feet and legs were made of reeds, and the veins
+from withered grass, the eyes were made from daisies, the ears from
+flowers, and the skin of the rough fir-bark, and the muscles from
+strong, sappy wood. When this magic reindeer was completed it was the
+swiftest and the finest-looking of all reindeer. And Hisi sent it off
+to Pohjola, telling it to lure Lemminkainen into the snow-covered
+mountains and there to wear him out with the cold and the fatigue of the
+chase. So the reindeer went forth to dismal Pohjola, and there it ran
+through the courtyards and the outhouses, overturning tubs of water,
+throwing the kettles from their hooks, and upsetting the dishes that
+were cooking before the fires. There was a frightful noise there, for
+all the dogs began to bark, and the children to cry, and the women to
+laugh, and the men to shout. And then the magic reindeer went on its
+way.
+
+Now Lemminkainen had set out, as soon as his snow-shoes were ready, and
+had hunted the whole world over for a trace of the Hisi-reindeer,
+rushing like the wind over mountains and valleys, until the fire shot
+from his snow-shoes, and his snow-staff smoked. But after he had
+wandered over the whole world and still had found no trace of the
+Hisi-reindeer, he came at last to the corner of Northland where the
+magic animal had just run through the courts upsetting everything, and
+the children were still crying and the women laughing when he arrived.
+Lemminkainen asked what the cause was of their uproar, and they told him
+how the reindeer had been there.
+
+No sooner had he heard this than off he flew over the snow, and as he
+went he sang a spell, calling on the powers of Pohjola to enable him to
+catch the Hisi-beast. After he had sung, he gave three huge strides with
+his snow-shoes, and at the end of the third he caught up with the
+Hisi-reindeer, and in another moment had it bound fast. Then he spoke to
+the reindeer and patted it on the head, and bade it come with him to
+Louhi. But suddenly the animal made a mighty rush, snapped his bonds in
+two, and sprang away over the hills and valleys out of sight.
+
+Lemminkainen started off after it, but at the first step his snow-shoes
+broke right in two and threw him down, breaking his arrows and his
+snow-staff in his fall. Then he arose and looked sadly at his broken
+shoes and arrows and stick, and said to himself: 'How shall I ever
+succeed in my hunt, now that my shoes are broken, and the reindeer is
+once more free?'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S DEATH
+
+
+For a long time Lemminkainen sat considering whether he should give up
+the chase and return to Kalevala, or still keep on after the
+Hisi-reindeer. At length he regained hope and courage, and having sung
+an incantation that made his snow-shoes and arrows and staff whole
+again, he started off once more.
+
+This time he turned his steps to the home of Tapio, the god of the
+forest, and as he went he began to sing wondrous songs to Tapio and his
+wife Mielikki, begging them to help him, and promising them great stores
+of gold and silver if they would do so.
+
+At last he arrived at Tapio's palace, which had window-frames of gold,
+and the palace itself was of ivory. And within it Mielikki and her
+daughters were dressed in golden garments, and wore gold and gems in
+their hair, and pearls round their necks. And they all promised to help
+Lemminkainen, and went off to drive the reindeer up to the palace so
+that he might catch it. Nor had he long to wait before whole troops of
+reindeer came flocking into the palace courtyard, and Lemminkainen saw
+among them the Hisi-deer, and caught it.
+
+Then Lemminkainen sang a song of triumph, and having paid to Tapio's
+wife, Mielikki, the gold and silver he had promised, he hastened off
+with the reindeer to Louhi's home. But when he gave the Hisi-deer to
+her, she said: 'I will give thee my fairest daughter if thou wilt catch
+and bridle for me the fiery Hisi-horse, that breathes smoke and fire
+from his mouth and nostrils.'
+
+So Lemminkainen went off, taking with him a golden bridle to put on the
+horse. For three days he wandered without catching sight of the
+Hisi-horse, but on the third day he climbed to the top of a very high
+mountain, and from thence he spied the steed on the plain amongst the
+fir-trees, breathing smoke and flames from his mouth and nostrils and
+eyes.
+
+When Lemminkainen saw him he prayed to great Ukko to send a shower of
+icy hail upon the fiery Hisi-steed, and presently a great shower of hail
+rained down, and every hailstone was larger than a man's head. After
+the hail was over, Lemminkainen came up to the fiery horse and coaxed
+him to let the golden bridle be slipped over his head. Then off they
+went like the wind, the horse obeying Lemminkainen perfectly, and in a
+very short time they arrived at Louhi's house. When he had given the
+Hisi-horse to Louhi, Lemminkainen asked again for the hand of her
+fairest daughter. But Louhi told him she would not give him her daughter
+until he had killed the swan that swam on Tuoni's river, which flows
+between the land of the living and the dead.
+
+Then Lemminkainen started off fearlessly to seek the graceful swan of
+Tuoni, and journeyed on and on until at length he came to the coal-black
+river. There the old shepherd of Pohjola, Nasshut, was waiting for him,
+and, though blind, he heard Lemminkainen's footsteps, and sent a serpent
+from the death-river to meet him. The serpent stung Lemminkainen just
+over the heart, so that he fell down dead almost instantly, only having
+time to call upon his ancient mother to help him.
+
+And Nasshut cast his body into the dismal river Tuoni, where it was
+washed down through the rapids to the Deathland, Tuonela. There the son
+of the ruler of the Deathland took the body, and cutting it into five
+portions, cast them back into the stream, saying: 'Swim there now, O
+Lemminkainen! float for ever in this river, so that thou mayst hunt the
+wild swan at thy leisure.'
+
+And thus the handsome Lemminkainen died, and was cast into the river of
+Tuoni, that flows along the Deathland.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S RESTORATION
+
+
+Lemminkainen's mother began to grow uneasy at his long absence, and to
+fear that some trouble had befallen him. At last one day, as his wife,
+the fair Kyllikki, was in her room, she noticed that drops of blood had
+begun to flow from the bristles of Lemminkainen's hair-brush. Then she
+began to weep and mourn, and ran and told his mother, who came and saw
+the blood oozing from the brush, and cried out:
+
+'Woe is me, for my son, my hero, is in some terrible distress; some
+awful misfortune has happened to him.' Saying this she hurried off, and
+went straight to Louhi's house. There she asked what had become of her
+son, but Louhi only replied that she did not know, that he had driven
+off long ago in a sledge she had given him, and perhaps the wolves or
+bears had eaten him.
+
+'Thou art only telling falsehoods,' replied Lemminkainen's mother, 'for
+no bears or wolves can devour him; he would put them to sleep with his
+magic singing. Now, tell me truly, O Louhi, whither thou hast sent my
+son, or I will destroy all thy storehouses and even thy magic Sampo.'
+
+And then Louhi said that she had given him a copper boat, and he had
+floated off on the river; perhaps he had perished in the rapids below.
+But Lemminkainen's mother answered: 'Thou art still speaking falsely.
+Tell me the truth this time, or I will send plague and death upon thee.'
+
+Then Louhi answered the third time: 'I will tell thee the truth. I sent
+him to fetch me the Hisi-reindeer, and then after the fire-breathing
+horse, and last of all, after the swan that swims the death-stream,
+Tuoni, that he might gain the hand of my fairest daughter. He may have
+perished there, for he has not come back since to ask for my daughter's
+hand.'
+
+No sooner had Louhi said this than the anxious mother hurried off to
+hunt for her son. Over hills and valleys, through marsh and forest, and
+over the wide waters she went, but looked for him in vain. Then she
+asked the Trees if they had seen him but they answered: 'We have more
+than enough to think of with our own griefs. We are cut down with cruel
+axes and burned to death, and no one pities us.'
+
+So she wandered on and on, and finally she asked the Paths if they had
+seen her son pass by. But the Paths replied: 'Our own lives are too
+wretched to think of other people's sorrows. We are trodden under foot
+by beasts and men, and the heavy carts cut us in pieces.'
+
+Next she asked the Moon, but the Moon replied: 'I have trouble enough of
+my own. I have to wander all alone in both summer and winter nights, and
+have no rest.'
+
+Next she questioned the Sun, and he was kinder than the rest, and told
+her how her son had died in the gloomy river Tuoni.
+
+Then she hastened to Ilmarinen, the wondrous smith, and bade him make a
+huge rake for her out of copper, with teeth a hundred fathoms long and
+the handle five hundred fathoms. Ilmarinen quickly forged a magic rake,
+and she hurried off with it to the gloomy river Tuoni, praying as she
+went: 'O Sun, whom Ukko hath created, shine for me now with magic power
+into the kingdom of death, into dark Manala, and lull all the evil
+spirits there to sleep.'
+
+The Sun came and sat upon a birch-tree near the river of Tuoni, and
+shone upon the Deathland, Tuonela, until all the spirits fell asleep.
+Then he rose, and hovering over them, warmed them into a yet deeper
+slumber, and then hurried back to his place in the sky.
+
+Meanwhile Lemminkainen's mother had raked a long time in the coal-black
+river, but could find nothing. Then she waded in deeper and deeper,
+until she could reach into the deepest caverns with her rake. First, she
+found his jacket, and then the rest of his clothing; and finally, the
+third time she swept her rake along, it brought up Lemminkainen's body,
+but the hands and arms and head were still missing. Still she went on
+with her search, and at length all the pieces were gathered together.
+
+When she had laid them beside each other, in their proper positions, she
+began to pray to the goddess of the veins, Suonetar, and the maiden of
+the ether, to come and join the different parts together, and to sew up
+the wounds and make him whole. And then she prayed to the mighty Ukko to
+help them, and to heal every part that was wounded or bruised, to touch
+them with his magic touch, and restore Lemminkainen to life.
+
+And Ukko did so, and Lemminkainen lived once more, but he was still
+blind and deaf and dumb. But his mother considered deeply how she might
+restore these senses to him, and at length she called the little bee to
+her, and bade it go out and collect honey from the healing plants in
+the meadows. So the bee flew away and returned very soon laden with
+honey from all the healing plants, and she anointed her son with this,
+but it only gave him his sight, and still left him deaf and dumb.
+
+Again the mother sent off the bee, telling it to go across the seven
+oceans, and to alight on an enchanted isle in the eighth. There it would
+find magic honey to bring back. The bee did as it was told and found the
+magic honey-balm in tiny earthen vessels, and flew back with seven
+vessels in its arms and seven on each shoulder, all filled with the
+magic honey-balm. Lemminkainen's mother anointed him with this, and he
+could hear, but still remained speechless.
+
+Then the mother bade the bee fly up to the seventh heaven and to bring
+down from thence the honey of Ukko's wisdom, which was so abundant
+there. When the bee declared that it could not fly so high, she told it
+the way and sent it off. So the bee flew up and up, and at the end of
+the first day it rested on the moon. At the end of the second day it
+reached the shoulders of the Great Bear, and on the third day it flew
+over the Great Bear's head and reached the seventh heaven of Ukko. There
+it found three golden kettles, and in the first was a balm that gave
+ease to the heart, and the balm in the second gave happiness, but the
+balm of the third kettle gave life. So the bee took some of the
+life-giving balm and hastened back to earth.
+
+Then Lemminkainen's mother anointed him with this magic balm, speaking a
+magic spell as she rubbed him with it, and immediately he awoke, and his
+first words were: 'Truly I have been sleeping long, but yet my sleep was
+a sweet one, for I knew neither joy nor sorrow.'
+
+When his mother asked how he had gone thither and who it was that had
+harmed him, he told her all--how Louhi had sent him for the swan, and
+how old Nasshut, the blind Northland shepherd, had sent the serpent
+against him and killed him, for he did not know the charm to cure the
+sting of serpents. Then his mother upbraided him for his ignorance, and
+told him how the serpent was born from the marrow of the duck and the
+brain of swallows, mixed with Suojatar's saliva, and she told him too
+what the spell was to use against them. Thus his mother brought him back
+to life and health, and he was wiser and handsomer than ever, but still
+he was downhearted.
+
+His mother asked him the reason of this, and he replied that he was
+still thinking of Louhi's daughter and longing for her as his bride, but
+that first he must shoot the wild swan. But his mother answered: 'Do
+not think of the wild swan, nor yet of Louhi's daughters. Return with me
+to Kalevala to thy home, and thank and praise thy Maker, Ukko, that he
+hath saved thee, for I alone could never have saved thee from dismal
+Manala.'
+
+So Lemminkainen hastened home with his mother,--back again to his
+pleasant home in Kalevala.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Every one expressed satisfaction that Lemminkainen had been restored to
+life--'for, you see,' said Mimi, 'though he was really a bad man, he did
+so many wonderful things that you just can't help wishing for him not to
+be killed.'
+
+But now it had grown quite late, nearly nine o'clock, and so they all
+ate their supper and then Erik and Father Mikko sat smoking and talking
+while Mother Stina and the little ones went into the other room to
+bed,--for Erik had actually two rooms in his house,--and it isn't every
+Finnish country cabin that has that, you know. They talked of their
+country, for that was the dearest subject to both of them,--they were
+intelligent men for their class,--and when Father Mikko told how the
+Russian Tsar was taking their liberties away from them, and was
+beginning to break all his oaths and promises and would no doubt end up
+by making them as badly off as the people on the south side of the
+Finnish Gulf--when Father Mikko related all this, Erik's eyes flashed
+and he longed to be able to draw the sword to defend his beloved
+country's liberty.
+
+But at last they had gone over all these things and were sleepy
+themselves, so they made up their beds on some sheep-skin rugs on the
+floor, and soon fell into a sound sleep.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The next day it was still storming, and so Father Mikko gave up all idea
+of leaving that day. About three o'clock in the afternoon--it was dark
+as night then--they had all finished dinner and settled down around the
+fire as on the day before, and Father Mikko was easily persuaded to go
+on with his stories.
+
+Erik was at work on a pair of snow-shoes, just like those that
+Lemminkainen wore in the story of the hunt after the Hisi-deer. They
+were nearly finished--about six feet long and five inches wide in the
+broadest part, with a place in the middle to fasten them on to the feet,
+and the front ends were turned up. All that now remained to be done was
+to polish them off, and Erik worked at this while Father Mikko told his
+stories. The children had enough to do to watch 'Pappa' Mikko's face and
+listen to the wonderful tales, and Mother Stina was busy with some
+sewing--she couldn't spin because the noise of the wheel would have
+drowned Father Mikko's voice.
+
+'Now that we have brought Lemminkainen back from the Death-river,' the
+old man said, 'we will see what Wainamoinen was doing all this while.'
+So he began as follows:
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S BOAT-BUILDING
+
+
+Wainamoinen started to build a boat from the Rainbow-maiden's distaff,
+but he had soon used up all his timber, and the boat was far from
+finished. So he asked Sampsa (the planter of the first trees that grew
+on earth) to go and search out the needful timber in order to finish the
+boat.
+
+Sampsa started off with a golden axe upon his shoulder and a copper
+hatchet in his belt. He wandered through the mountain forests, and at
+length came upon a great aspen, and was just going to cut it down, when
+the aspen asked him what he wanted. 'I wish to take your timber for a
+vessel,' Sampsa replied, 'that the wise magician Wainamoinen is
+building.' Then the aspen answered: 'All the boats that have been made
+of my wood have been but failures; they float but a little way, and
+then sink to the ocean's bottom, for my trunk is full of hollow places,
+where the worms have eaten my wood.'
+
+So Sampsa left the aspen and searched still further, until he came to a
+pine-tree that was even taller than the aspen was. Sampsa struck a blow
+with his axe, and at the same time asked the pine-tree if it would
+furnish good timber for Wainamoinen's boat. But the pine-tree answered:
+'All the ships that have been made from me are useless. I am full of
+imperfections, for the ravens live among my branches and bring
+ill-luck.'
+
+And Sampsa was obliged to leave the pine-tree and go on until he came to
+a tremendous oak-tree, whose trunk was thicker than the height of even
+the tallest men. And he asked the oak-tree if it would furnish wood for
+Wainamoinen's boat. 'I will gladly furnish the wood,' replied the
+oak-tree, 'for I am tall and sound and strong. The warm sun shines upon
+me for three months in the summer, and the sacred cuckoo dwells in my
+branches and brings good fortune.' So Sampsa quickly felled the oak, and
+brought the timber, skilfully hewn, to Wainamoinen.
+
+The wise magician Wainamoinen then began to put his boat together by the
+aid of magic spells. The first magic song that he sang joined the
+framework together, and the second song fastened the planking into the
+ribs, and the third put the rowlocks in place and made the oars. But,
+alas! when all this was done, there were still three magic words needed
+to complete the stem and stern and bulwarks.
+
+Wainamoinen saw that all his labour was in vain unless he found the
+three magic words, for unless the stern and stem were fastened and the
+bulwarks built, the boat could never put to sea. He pondered long over
+where he might find the lost words, and after a while he concluded that
+they might be found in the brains of swallows and the heads of swans and
+the plumage of the sea-duck. But though he killed great numbers of these
+birds, he could not find the three lost words. Then he thought that he
+might find them on the tongues of reindeers or of the squirrels; but
+though he killed great numbers of them, and found many words on their
+tongues, the three lost words were not there.
+
+Then he said to himself: 'I will seek the lost words in the kingdom of
+Manala; there are countless words to be found there in the Deathland.'
+So off he went, travelling for three weeks over hill and dale, through
+marshes and thickets, until at length he came to the river of Tuoni.
+There he called out in a voice like thunder: 'Bring a boat, O daughter
+of Tuoni, and ferry me over this black and fatal river.'
+
+Tuoni's daughter, a wee little dwarf, but very wise and ancient, bade
+him first say why he wished to come into the Deathland while he was
+still alive. And first Wainamoinen answered that Tuoni himself, the
+death-god, had sent him. But the maid replied: 'Had Tuoni brought thee,
+he would now be with thee, and thou wouldst be wearing his cap and
+gloves.' So Wainamoinen answered again: 'I was slain by an iron weapon.'
+But the maid would not believe him, because he had no bleeding wound.
+Then he said the third time, that he had been washed there by the river.
+But still the maid would not believe him, for his clothing was not wet.
+And the fourth time he said that fire had burnt him. But the maid
+replied: 'If the fire had brought thee to Manala, thy hair and eyebrows
+and beard would be all singed and burnt. But now I ask thee for the last
+time what it is that hath brought thee, living, hither. Tell me the
+truth this time.'
+
+Then Wainamoinen told her that he had been building a boat by magic, but
+that he yet lacked one spell, and had come thither to seek it. When he
+had said this, Tuoni's daughter came across and rowed him to the
+opposite side, having first tried to dissuade him from coming. But
+Wainamoinen was not afraid; and when he had landed he walked straight
+up to the abode of Tuoni.
+
+There Tuonetar, Tuoni's wife, gave him a golden goblet filled with beer,
+saying: 'Drink Tuoni's beer, O wise and ancient Wainamoinen!' But he
+carefully inspected the liquor before he tasted it, and saw that it was
+black and full of the spawn of frogs and poisonous serpent-broods; and
+he said to Tuonetar: 'I have not come hither to drink Tuoni's poisons,
+for they that do so will surely be destroyed.'
+
+Tuonetar then asked him why he had come, and he told her of his
+boat-building, and how he still needed the three magic words, and that
+he hoped to find them there. 'Tuoni will never reveal them,' Tuonetar
+said; 'nor shalt thou ever leave these gates alive;' and as she spoke
+she waved the slumber-wand over Wainamoinen's head, and he sank into a
+deep sleep. And to make sure of his not escaping, Tuoni's son, a hideous
+wizard with only three fingers, wove nets of iron and of copper, and set
+them all through the river, to catch Wainamoinen if by any chance he
+should get so far.
+
+But Wainamoinen soon freed himself from Tuonetar's slumber-spell, and
+knowing in how great danger he was, he instantly transformed himself
+into a serpent, and wriggled his way to the river, and through the nets
+that had been set to catch him, until at length he came out safe into
+the land of the living again; and the next morning, when Tuoni's wizard
+son went to look at his nets, he found all kinds of evil fish and
+serpents, but not the wise old magician.
+
+But Wainamoinen prayed to Ukko: 'I thank thee, O Ukko, that thou hast
+protected me; but never suffer any other of thy heroes, not even the
+wisest, to go against the laws of nature to the awful Tuonela. For there
+are but few who return from thence.'
+
+And then Wainamoinen called together the people on the plains of
+Kalevala, and spoke to the young men and maidens, saying: 'Listen, all
+ye young people. Never disobey your parents; never harm the innocent,
+nor wrong the weak, nor utter falsehood, else ye will pay the penance
+for it in the gloomy prison of Manala; for there is the dwelling-place
+of the wicked, and a place for the guilty. Beneath the burning rocks
+there are fiery couches, with pillows of hissing serpents, and coverlets
+of green writhing vipers. And the wicked there drink the blood of
+adders, but have nothing to eat at all. If ye would be happy, shun this
+abode of the wicked ones in Tuonela.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'But I thought Wainamoinen wasn't to use any wood for his boat except
+the pieces of the distaff,' said Mimi.
+
+'Well, you see,' said Father Mikko, 'the main thing was to build the
+boat by _magic_, and we'll see now how he did that. I don't believe a
+little extra wood made any difference.' So he went on:
+
+[Illustration: A LAPLAND WIZARD.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN FINDS THE LOST WORDS
+
+
+Wainamoinen had failed to find the three magic words in the Deathland,
+and now he sat and pondered whither he should go next to seek them.
+While he was thinking over this, a shepherd came to him and said: 'Thou
+canst find a thousand words of wisdom on the tongue of the dead hero
+Wipunen. I know the road that leads to his grave: first, thou must
+journey a long distance over the points of needles, and then a long way
+upon the edges of sharp swords, and then a third road on the edges of
+hatchets.'
+
+Then Wainamoinen considered how he should be able to walk over the
+needles and swords and hatchets, and at last hit on a plan. He went to
+the smith Ilmarinen and bade him make shoes of iron, and gloves of
+copper, and a magic staff strongest metal, as he was going to seek the
+lost words from the wise Wipunen. Ilmarinen made him the shoes and
+gloves and staff, but said: ‘The wise magician Wipunen died long ages
+ago, he surely cannot tell thee the magic words.’ Still Wainamoinen was
+not disheartened, but began his journey. The first day he hurried along
+over the points of needles, and all the second day over the sword edges,
+and on the evening of the third day he had come across the edges of the
+hatchets and reached the spot where Wipunen lay buried. From Wipunen’s
+shoulders grew great aspens, on each temple grew a birch-tree, on his
+mighty chin an alder, from his beard grew willows, from his mouth a fir-
+tree, and an oak upon his forehead. Then Wainamoinen drew his magic
+hatchet from its leather sheath, and cut down all the trees that were
+growing over Wipunen. And then he took his magic staff and thrust it
+between Wipunen’s teeth and prised open his mouth, and as he did so, he
+sang a spell to bring Wipunen’s spirit back from the Deathland, Tuonela.
+And when the spell was sung, Wipunen felt the pain of the staff within
+his mouth, and bit it so hard that he cut clear through the iron
+outside, but the centre was of steel, too hard even for Wipunen’s teeth.
+So he opened his mouth wide in anguish, and as he did so Wainamoinen
+slipped and fell headlong, armour and all, right down his throat. And
+Wipunen said, as he swallowed him: ‘I have eaten sheep and reindeer,
+bears and oxen, but I have never tasted a sweeter morsel than this.’ But
+now Wainamoinen was sorely per-plexed to know what he should do. After
+pondering over the matter, he took a dagger that he wore, and from the
+wooden handle he built a boat by the aid of magic spells, and began to
+row all through the old magician’s body, through every single vein and
+vessel, but Wipunen scarcely felt it, and paid no attention to him. Then
+Wainamoinen thought again, and taking off his armour he made it into a
+forge with bellows and all complete, and used his knees for an anvil and
+his arm for a hammer, and started to work. For three days he worked away
+inside the magician’s body, until the bellows blew a perfect whirl-wind
+and the anvilirang like thunder. At length old Wipunen could bear it no
+longer and cried out : ‘What great magician art thou, for I have eaten
+many men and heroes, but never such an one as thou: for the smoke is
+pouring from my nostrils, and the fire streams from my mouth, and my
+throat is full of iron clinkers. Go and leave me, wretched torturer! Why
+hast thou come hither to hurt me? Art thou a trial of the sent by mighty
+Ukko, for if so I will be resigned, but if thou art of some human race,
+I will search out thy tribe and destroy it. Leave my body, cease thy
+forging, let me rest in peace and slumber. Or if thou wilt not leave me,
+I will call on all the great magicians of the past, the spirits of the
+mountains and woods and seas and rivers, on Ilmatar, daughter of the
+ether, to assist me. Or if these be not sufficient, I will call on
+mighty Ukko to drive thee forth. If thou art from the winds, then return
+to the copper mountains where they live; if from the sea, return to it;
+if from the forests, then return to them, or I will drive thee to the
+bottom of the coal-black river of Tuoni, whence thou shalt never move
+again.'
+
+'I am well contented here,' said Wainamoinen, 'in these roomy caverns. I
+can eat thy heart and flesh and for drink I will take thy blood. And I
+will set my forge still deeper in thy vitals, and will swing my hammer
+still harder on thy heart and lungs and liver. I shall never leave thee
+until I learn all thy wisdom, and the three lost words, that all thy
+magic knowledge may not perish with thee from the earth.'
+
+Then Wipunen began to sing all his knowledge and his magic spells for
+Wainamoinen. He sang the origin of witchcraft, the source of good and
+evil and how by the will of Ukko the water was first divided from the
+ether. And next he sang of how the moon and sun were made, and whence
+the colours of the rainbow came, and how the stars were sprinkled in the
+sky. Three whole days and nights he sang, until the stars and the moon
+stood still to listen, and the very waves of the sea and the tides
+ceased to rise and fall, and the rivers stopped in their courses.
+
+At length Wainamoinen had learned all the wisdom of the great magician,
+and the three lost words, and he made ready to leave Wipunen's body,
+bidding him open wide his mouth that he might get out and leave him for
+ever.
+
+'I have eaten many things, O Wainamoinen,' said Wipunen, 'bears and
+reindeer, wolves and oxen, but never such a thing as thou. Now thou hast
+found the wisdom that thou seekest, go in peace and never come back to
+me.'
+
+Then he opened his mouth wide, and Wainamoinen glided forth and hastened
+swiftly as the deer to Kalevala. First he went into the smithy, and
+Ilmarinen asked him if he had learned the lost words that would enable
+him to finish his vessel. 'I have learned a thousand magic words,'
+answered Wainamoinen, 'and among them are the lost words that I sought.'
+
+Thereupon he hastened off to where his vessel lay, and with the three
+lost words he joined the stem and stern and raised the bulwarks. Thus he
+had built the vessel with magic alone, and by magic art he launched it
+too, not touching it with foot or knee or hand, using only magic to push
+it. Thus was the task completed which should gain for him the
+Rainbow-maiden in her beauty.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Oh! _do_ hurry and tell us about that,' said Mimi, and Father Mikko
+continued.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RIVAL SUITORS
+
+
+Now the Rainbow-maiden was really the same as old Louhi's fairest
+daughter, whom Wainamoinen had wooed, and for whom Ilmarinen had made
+the magic Sampo, and Wainamoinen had learned this. So when the magic
+boat was finished, he made ready for a journey to the Northland, to try
+once more to win the fair Pohjola maiden for his bride.
+
+He ornamented the magic vessel with gold and silver, and painted it
+scarlet, and on the masts he set sails of linen, red, white, and blue.
+Then he stepped on board, and called on Ukko to protect and help him,
+and on the winds to aid him on his way, and off the magic boat flew
+towards Pohjola, never needing an oar to help it.
+
+Annikki, Ilmarinen's sister, was down by the seashore just at dawn that
+morning, and as she gazed out over the sea, she saw a blue speck in the
+distance. At first she thought it was a flock of birds, and then as it
+drew nearer it looked like a great tree floating on the water, but at
+last she saw that it was a vessel with but one man in it, and when it
+came still nearer she recognised Wainamoinen.
+
+She called out to him and asked him whither he was going. He replied
+that he was come a-fishing, but Annikki said: 'Thy boat is not rigged
+like a fisher-boat, nor hast thou lines or nets with thee. Tell me the
+truth, O Wainamoinen!' And he answered the second time, that he had come
+to kill wild geese and ducks. But Annikki told him that she knew that
+was untrue, for he had no hunting dogs in the vessel with him, nor any
+weapons. Then he told her that he was sailing to the wars. Annikki
+replied: 'My father often used to sail to war, but in a ship with many
+rowers, and with many armed heroes on board, but thy vessel is surely
+not fitted for battle. Now tell me the truth, O wise Wainamoinen, or
+else I will send a storm-wind after thee and break thy ship in pieces.'
+
+Then he told her the truth, that he was going to woo the Rainbow-maiden,
+Louhi's daughter, and then Annikki knew that he spoke the truth. She
+hurried off to her brother's smithy and said to him: 'Dearest brother,
+if thou wilt forge for me a silver loom and gold and silver finger-rings
+and earrings, golden girdles and golden ornaments for my hair, I will
+tell thee something that is very important for thee to know.'
+
+So Ilmarinen promised, and his sister said: 'O Ilmarinen, if thou hopest
+ever to wed the fair maid of Pohjola, thou must hasten and make thy
+sledge ready, for Wainamoinen is now sailing thither in a magic boat to
+win her before thee.' Then Ilmarinen bade his sister prepare a magic
+soap and make a bath ready for him while he was forging the gold and
+silver ornaments that she had bargained for.
+
+When Ilmarinen had finished his work he found the bath and the magic
+soap all ready for him, and he began to wash off the grime and dirt and
+soot of the smithy. When he was through, and came out of the bath, he
+had grown wonderfully bright and handsome, for the magic soap had made
+his cheeks rosy and his eyes bright as moonlight. Then he put on his
+finest garments, soft linen, and silken stockings, a blue vest and
+scarlet trousers, and a fur coat of sealskin, held by buttons made of
+jewels, and a belt with golden buckles. After he was dressed he ordered
+his magic sledge to be harnessed, and on the front placed six cuckoos
+and seven blue-birds that they might sing and charm the Northland
+maiden.
+
+When all was ready Ilmarinen prayed to great Ukko to send snow that it
+might cover all the country and let his sledge glide easily to Pohjola.
+And the snow came, and Ilmarinen wrapped himself up warmly in bear-skins,
+and drove off like the wind, first invoking Ukko's blessing on his
+journey. On he went, over hill and dale, with the cuckoos and blue-birds
+singing on the sledge, and then he drove along the seashore to the north
+in a cloud of snow and sand and mist and sea-foam, looking out for
+Wainamoinen's vessel. On the evening of the third day he caught up with
+Wainamoinen, and called out to him: 'O ancient Wainamoinen, let us woo
+the maiden peacefully, and let her choose which one of us she will.' To
+this Wainamoinen agreed; and having promised not to use deceit of any
+sort against one another, they hurried on their way,--Wainamoinen
+calling up the south wind to help him, and Ilmarinen's steed shaking the
+hills of Northland as he galloped on.
+
+Soon they drew near to Louhi's dwelling, and the watchdogs began to bark
+more loudly than they had ever done before. Louhi's husband told his
+daughter to go and see what the trouble was, but she replied that she
+was busy grinding barley, and could not go. Then he told his wife to go,
+but she was too busy cooking dinner. So the father grew angry, and
+said: 'Women are always busy either baking or sleeping; go, my son, and
+learn what all the trouble is.' But the son refused, because he was busy
+splitting wood.
+
+So at last Louhi's husband was obliged to go himself, for the dogs kept
+barking louder and louder. There, as soon as he had reached the gate, he
+saw a scarlet-coloured ship sailing into the bay, and a sledge driving
+up along the shore at full speed. Then he hastened back into the house,
+and told them all that he had seen. And Louhi took a branch and gave it
+to her daughter, saying: 'Place this on the fire, my daughter, and if in
+burning it drips blood, then these strangers bring war and bloodshed;
+but if clear water, then they come in peace.'
+
+So the maiden put the branch on the fire, and as they watched it they
+saw honey trickling out, and from this Louhi knew that the two men were
+coming as suitors. Then they hastened out into the courtyard, and saw
+the vessel in the harbour, painted scarlet, and an ancient white-bearded
+magician at the helm; and on the land they saw a brightly-coloured
+sledge, with cuckoos and bluebirds singing on the front, and driven by a
+young and handsome hero.
+
+Louhi immediately recognised them both, and said to her daughter: 'Wilt
+thou have one of these suitors, dearest daughter? He that comes in the
+ship is good old Wainamoinen, bringing countless treasures for thee from
+Kalevala. The other in the sledge, with the singing birds, is the
+blacksmith Ilmarinen, who brings no presents save himself. When they
+come into the house bring a pitcher of honey-drink, and give it to the
+one that thou wilt follow. Give it to old Wainamoinen, for he brings
+thee countless treasures.'
+
+But the daughter replied: 'I will never marry a man for riches, but for
+his real worth. Mothers did not use to sell their daughters thus in the
+olden times to suitors whom they did not love. I shall choose Ilmarinen
+for his true worth and wisdom.'
+
+Old Louhi grew angry at this, and tried to change her daughter's mind,
+but all she could say did not move her; and just then Wainamoinen came
+to the house, and addressed the maiden thus: 'Come with me, O lovely
+maiden, be my bride and honoured wife, and share my joys and sorrows
+with me.'
+
+The maiden answered: 'Hast thou built the magic vessel, using neither
+hand nor foot to touch it?'
+
+'I have built it, and brought it hither,' answered Wainamoinen. 'It is
+finely made by magic, and will live in the worst of storms; nothing can
+ever sink it.'
+
+But then the maiden said to him: 'I will not wed a husband born in the
+sea. Storms would bring us trouble, and the winds rack our hearts. I
+cannot go with thee, cannot marry thee, O Wainamoinen.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S WOOING
+
+
+Just as Wainamoinen had received his answer, Ilmarinen came hurrying
+into the house and into the guest-room. There servants brought him
+honey-drink in silver pitchers, but he said: 'I will never taste the
+drink of Northland till I see the Rainbow-maiden. With her I will gladly
+drink, for I have come hither to seek her hand.' Then Louhi said to him:
+'The maiden is not ready to receive thee, and thou may not woo her
+before thou hast ploughed the field of hissing serpents. Once the evil
+spirit Lempo ploughed it, but it has never been done since.'
+
+Ilmarinen wandered off sadly, but while he was pondering over what he
+should do, he saw the lovely maid herself. He went up to her and said:
+'Long ago I forged the Sampo for thee, and then thou promised to become
+my wife. But now thy mother demands that I first plough the field of
+serpents before I win thee.' But the maiden comforted him, and told him
+how to plough the field with a plough of gold and silver and copper.
+
+So Ilmarinen went off and built a smithy, and placed in the furnace gold
+and silver and copper and iron. And from these he forged a plough, with
+ploughshare of gold and beam of silver and copper handles; and for
+himself he made boots and gloves and armour of iron; and as he worked he
+sang magic spells to give his work power to overcome the serpents. Then
+he harnessed to the plough the fire-breathing Hisi-horse, and went into
+the field. There were serpents of every sort, creeping and crawling over
+one another, and hissing horribly, but Ilmarinen cast a spell over them,
+and ploughed the field, so that all the snakes were buried in the
+furrows. And then he went to Louhi, and claimed her daughter's hand.
+
+But Louhi refused to let him have her daughter until he should catch the
+great bear of Manala, and bring him to her. So he went off to the maid
+again, and told her what old Louhi had demanded of him. The lovely
+maiden instructed him how to prepare a muzzle for the bear, forging it
+of steel on a rock beneath the water, at a spot where three currents
+met together, and the straps were to be of steel and copper mixed. And
+Ilmarinen made a muzzle as she had directed, and set off for Manala, the
+dismal Deathland. As he went he prayed to the goddess of the mists to
+send a fog where the great bear of Manala was, so that he might not see
+Ilmarinen as he approached. And the goddess sent the fog, and Ilmarinen
+was able to creep up to the bear and throw the magic muzzle over his
+head, and then to lead him to Louhi without any trouble.
+
+When he had brought the bear to her, he asked her again for her lovely
+daughter's hand. But Louhi said to him: 'Thou must perform one more task
+still, and then, when that is done, thou shalt have my dear daughter.
+Catch for me the monster-pike that lives in the river of Tuoni, but thou
+may not use hook, nor line, nor nets, nor boat. Hundreds have been sent
+to catch it, but all have died in Tuoni's dark waters.'
+
+And now Ilmarinen was deeply discouraged, and went off to tell the
+maiden of this third task, which he thought it was impossible to do. But
+she told him to forge an eagle in his magic furnace, and that the eagle
+would catch the monster-pike for him. So Ilmarinen went to work and
+forged an eagle in his smithy: talons of iron, beak of steel and copper.
+And when the eagle was entirely made from iron and copper, he mounted
+on its back and bade it fly away to the river of Tuoni, there to catch
+the monster-pike. When they had reached the bank, Ilmarinen dismounted
+and began to search for the pike, while the eagle hovered over the
+water. While Ilmarinen was searching, a huge monster rose from the
+depths and tried to seize him, but the eagle swooped down, and with one
+bite of his mighty beak, wrenched off the monster's head. Still
+Ilmarinen continued his search, until at last the monster-pike itself
+rose up to seize him. But as it came to the surface, the giant-eagle
+swooped down upon it, and buried its talons in the pike's flesh. Then
+the fish, maddened with the pain, rushed down to the deepest caverns,
+dragging the eagle with it until the bird had to loose its hold and soar
+aloft again. A second time the eagle swooped down and struck deep into
+the pike's shoulders; but the pike dived to the bottom again and
+escaped. At last the eagle made a third descent, and this time grasped
+the pike firmly with his beak of steel, and planted his talons firmly on
+the rocks, and this time he succeeded in dragging the pike from out the
+river.
+
+Then the eagle flew off with the pike to the top of a tall pine-tree,
+and there ate the body of his victim, leaving the head for Ilmarinen.
+But the eagle himself soared up into the air, up beyond the clouds, and
+at length disappeared behind the sun.
+
+Ilmarinen returned to Louhi with the pike's head and again claimed her
+daughter in marriage. Louhi answered him: 'Thou hast performed this last
+task but badly, since thou only brought me the worthless head. But
+still, since thou hast completed the other tasks also, I will give thee
+my fair daughter. Thou hast won the Maid of Beauty, to be the help and
+joy of all thy future life.'
+
+But while Ilmarinen was rejoicing in his good fortune, the aged
+Wainamoinen wandered sorrowfully homewards, bewailing his sad lot, thus
+to be compelled to live without a wife to cheer his home. 'Woe is me,'
+he sang, 'that I did not woo and marry in my youth, for the old men
+cannot hope to conquer the young ones when they go a-wooing.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When this story was ended, Father Mikko stopped a while to rest, and the
+others discussed the stories that he had just told. All were pleased
+that the Rainbow-maiden had chosen Ilmarinen instead of the aged
+Wainamoinen, and little Antero asked 'Pappa' Mikko what they had had to
+eat at the wedding--he was rather more deeply interested in things to
+eat than anything else--so Father Mikko continued, after he had rested a
+while.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE BREWING OF BEER
+
+
+Great preparations were now made in Louhi's home for her daughter's
+wedding with Ilmarinen. In distant Karjala, a part of Kalevala, was a
+great ox, the largest in the world. It took a weasel seven days to
+travel round his neck and shoulders; the swallow had to fly a whole day
+without resting, to get from one horn-tip to the other; the squirrel
+travelled thirty days, starting from the tail, before he reached the
+shoulders. This great ox was led by a thousand heroes to Pohjola, to
+Louhi's house, but when he had come thither, no one could be found to
+kill him.
+
+Then there came an aged hero from Karjala, and went up to the ox to kill
+him with his war-club. But the ox turned and gave him one fierce glance,
+and the old warrior dropped his club and ran away and hid in the
+forest. Then they sent forth far and near to find some one to kill the
+ox, but no one came. At last there arose from the sea a tiny dwarf, who,
+when he stepped on land, grew suddenly into a giant, with hands of iron,
+a copper-coloured face, a hat of flint upon his head, and sandstone
+shoes upon his feet. As soon as this sea-spirit saw the ox, he rushed at
+it and killed it with one blow of his golden sword. Thus was the meat
+provided for the feast.
+
+The banquet-hall was so large that when a dog barked at one door no one
+could hear him at the opposite side, and when a cock crowed on the roof
+no one on the ground could hear him. Louhi went in thither, to see that
+all was being put in readiness, but while she was there she said aloud
+as if to herself: 'Whence will I get the liquor for my guests, for I
+know nothing of the secret of beer-brewing?'
+
+An old man was sitting beside the fire, and he answered her: 'Beer comes
+from barley, hops, and water. The seed of the hops were scattered
+loosely over the earth, and from them arose the graceful hop-vine,
+climbing over everything. The barley was planted in the land of
+Kalevala, and it grew and flourished there.
+
+'Then the hops, clinging to the trees, began to hum, and the barley and
+the water in the wells to sing, saying: "Let us join our forces
+together, that we may live united, for that is far better than to be
+separated as we now are." So the ancient maiden Osmotar took six golden
+grains of barley, seven hops, and seven cups of water, and set them in a
+caldron on the fire. There she let them steep and boil during the warm
+summer days, and at length poured off the liquor into tubs made of
+birch-wood. Now she pondered long how she should make the liquor ferment
+and cause it to foam and sparkle.
+
+'Then Osmotar called one of the Kalevala maidens and bade her step into
+the birchen tub. The maiden did so, and on looking around she saw a
+splinter of wood lying on the bottom. She picked it up, thinking it was
+worthless, but nevertheless she took it to Osmotar. Osmotar rubbed her
+hands upon her knees and turned the bit of wood into a white squirrel.
+As soon as she had made the squirrel, she sent it off to Tapio's
+kingdom, to the great forest, and commanded it to bring her cones from
+the magic fir-trees and young shoots from the magic pines. And the
+squirrel hurried off and travelled through the forest until it came to
+Tapio's home. There it found three magic pine-trees growing, and three
+fir-trees beside them, and having taken the young shoots and the cones
+and stowed them in its pouch, it came back again to Osmotar. But when
+she put the cones and pine-shoots into the beer, it still refused to
+ferment.
+
+'So Osmotar made the Kalevala maiden get into the birchen tub once more,
+and this time the maiden found a chip upon the bottom. When she took it
+to Osmotar, the latter rubbed her hands upon her knees again, and turned
+the chip into a magic golden-breasted marten. Then she sent the marten
+off to the dens of the mountain bears, to gather the foam from their
+angry lips as they fought with one another. The marten flew away, and
+soon returned with the foam that it had gathered from the mouths of the
+raging bears. But when Osmotar added it to the liquor there was no
+effect, and the beer remained as still as ever.
+
+'For a third time, then, the maid of Kalevala stepped into the tub, and
+this time found a pod on the bottom. Osmotar took the pod and rubbed it
+between her hands and knees, and there flew out of it a honeybee. She
+sent the bee off to the Islands of the Sea, telling it to go to a meadow
+there, where a maiden lay asleep, and growing by the maiden's side there
+were honey-grasses and fragrant flowers. From these the bee was to
+collect the honey and bring it back. The bee flew off straight over the
+ocean, and on the evening of the third day reached the Isles of the
+Sea, where it found the maiden fast asleep amongst the flowers, clad in
+a silver robe, with a girdle of copper. By her grew the loveliest and
+sweetest of flowers and grasses, and the bee loaded itself down with
+their honey and returned to Osmotar with it. This time, when the honey
+was placed in the beer it began to ferment and rise and bubble and foam
+until it filled all the tubs and ran over on the sands.
+
+'When the beer was ready, all the heroes of Kalevala came to drink it,
+and Lemminkainen drank so much that he became intoxicated. But Osmotar,
+now that she had made the beer, did not know how to keep it, for it was
+still running out of the tubs and over everything. While she was sitting
+and grieving over this, the robin sang to her from an aspen, and told
+her to put it into strong oaken barrels bound with copper hoops, and
+thus the last difficulty was overcome.
+
+'Thus was beer first brewed from hops and barley,' continued the old
+man, 'and the beer of Kalevala is famed to strengthen the feeble, to
+cheer the sad, to make the old young, and the timid brave. It makes the
+heart joyful and puts wise sayings on the tongue, but the fool it makes
+still more foolish.'
+
+Thus the old man ended his account of the origin of beer, and Louhi,
+who had listened to him carefully, took all the tubs she had and put
+hops and barley in them, and water on top, and then lit huge fires to
+heat stones, that she might drop them in the mixture and make it boil.
+She made such a great quantity of beer that the springs were emptied and
+the forests grew small, and such a vast column of smoke went up as
+filled half of Pohjola and was seen even in distant Karjala and
+Lemminkainen's home. And all the people there thought it arose from some
+mighty battle between great heroes. But Lemminkainen pondered over it,
+and at last he found out that it was the fires for Louhi's beer-making
+for the wedding feast, and he grew bitterly angry, for Louhi had refused
+_him_ her daughter's hand, and now had given her to Ilmarinen.
+
+But now the beer was ready and was stored away in casks hooped with
+copper, and thousands of delicate dishes were made ready for the feast.
+But when all was nearly ready the beer began to grow impatient in its
+casks, and cried out for the guests to come that songs might be sung in
+its honour. So Louhi sent first for a pike and a salmon to sing its
+praises, but they could not do it. Next she sent for a boy, but the boy
+was too ignorant to sing the praises of the beer, and all this time the
+beer was calling out more and more loudly from its prison. Then Louhi
+determined to invite the guests at once, lest the beer should break
+forth from the casks.
+
+So she called one of her servants and said to her: 'Go, my trusted
+servant, and call together all the Pohjola people to the banquet. Go out
+into the highways too, and bring in all the poor and blind and cripples,
+the old and the young, that they may be merry at my daughter's wedding.
+And ask all the people of Karjala and the ancient Wainamoinen, but be
+sure thou dost not invite wild Lemminkainen.' At this the servant asked
+why she was not to ask Lemminkainen, and Louhi answered: 'Lemminkainen
+must not come, for he loves war and strife, and would bring disturbance
+and sorrow to our feast, and scoff at our maidens.'
+
+And the servant, having learned from Louhi how she should recognise
+Lemminkainen, set off and invited rich and poor, old and young, the
+deaf, the blind, and the cripples in all Pohjola and Karjala, but did
+not ask Lemminkainen.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S WEDDING FEAST
+
+
+At length the guests began to arrive, and Ilmarinen came escorted by
+hundreds of his friends, driving a coal-black steed, and with the same
+birds singing on his sledge as when he came to woo the Rainbow-maiden,
+Louhi's fairest daughter. When he alighted from his sledge, Louhi sent
+her best servants to take the steed and give him the very best of food
+in a manger of pure gold. But as Ilmarinen advanced to enter the house,
+they found that he was too tall to pass through the doorway without
+stooping, which would have been very unlucky: so Louhi had to have the
+top beam taken away before he could enter.
+
+Inside the dwelling was so changed that no one would have recognised it.
+Louhi had cast a magic spell over it, and all the beams and door and
+window-sills were made from bones that gleamed like ivory; the
+windows were adorned with trout-scales, and the fires were set in
+flowers; and the seats and tables and floors were of gold and silver and
+copper, with marble hearth-stones and silken carpets on the floors.
+Louhi bade Ilmarinen welcome when he came into the guest-hall, and
+calling up her servant-maidens, she gazed at her daughter's suitor. The
+maidens bore wax tapers, and by their light the bridegroom looked
+handsomer than ever, and his eyes sparkled like the waves of the sea.
+
+[Illustration: LAPP WOMAN IN HOLIDAY COSTUME.]
+
+Then Louhi bade the maidens lead Ilmarinen to the seat of honour at the
+table in the great hall, and then all the other guests took their
+places, and the feast began. First of all the daintiest dishes of every
+sort were served by Louhi to the bridegroom--honey-biscuits,
+river-salmon, butter, bacon, and every delicacy one can think of--and
+after he was served, the servants took the dishes around to the others.
+After this the foaming beer was brought in silver pitchers, and all were
+served in the same order.
+
+All the heroes and magicians assembled there began to grow merry, and
+Wainamoinen said that some one should sing the praises of the beer. But
+no one else could be found to do it, and all pressed Wainamoinen to
+sing, so at last he arose and began. He sang of the beer first, and
+then from his great stock of wisdom he sang them one song after the
+other of the days of old, until every guest grew happy from his magic
+power of song. But when Wainamoinen had finished his singing, he added:
+'Yet I am but a poor singer. For if great Ukko should sing his perfect
+songs of wisdom, he would sing the oceans into honey and the sands to
+berries, and the pebbles into barley, the rivers into beer, the fruit to
+gold, and the mountains into bread. Grant thy blessing, great Ukko, upon
+this feast of ours. Send joy and health and comfort to all those here,
+that we may ever look back with pleasure to Ilmarinen's marriage with
+the fair Maiden of the Rainbow.'
+
+Thus Wainamoinen, the great singer, ended his singing, and the time had
+come for the bride and bridegroom to leave for their distant home in
+Kalevala. But first must Osmotar, the wise maiden, instruct the bride as
+to her future life. Osmotar told her that she must henceforth be
+thoughtful and not foolish, that she must love her husband's kinsfolks
+as her own. Osmotar told her, too, never to be idle, and then instructed
+her in all the many household duties of the wives of Kalevala, but at
+the same time impressed it upon her how wicked she would be if with all
+this she were to forget her own parents. After this Osmotar turned to
+the bridegroom and bade him ever love his bride and honour her, nor ever
+treat her ill.
+
+Thus she advised them both, and they made ready to leave. But the Maiden
+of the Rainbow wept, because she was leaving all the joys and pleasures
+of her youth, and those she loved, to go to a distant land, where all
+would be new and strange, and perhaps, too, hard for her. Yet at length
+all the farewells had been said, the last goodbye was spoken, and the
+two got into their sledge and the next instant the swift black steed
+flew off like an arrow, rushing on toward the land of Kalevala, leaving
+far behind them the gloomy Northland, which was yet so dear to the
+Rainbow-maiden, and which she was never to see again.
+
+Three days they journeyed onward over hill and valley without stopping,
+and the third evening brought them in sight of Ilmarinen's smithy, and
+they could see the smoke rising from the chimneys of their home. There
+they found that they had been expected for a long time, and there was
+great rejoicing when their sledge drove up, with the birds singing
+merrily on its front, and all bright and happy.
+
+Lakko, Ilmarinen's mother, received them at the door and welcomed the
+fair Rainbow-maiden most heartily, and when the bridal pair had taken
+off their furs, she served them with the very best of food and
+drink--choicest bits of reindeer, wheaten biscuit, honey-cakes, and fish
+of all sorts, and the best of beer. And while they ate, the others, who
+had been old Louhi's guests, began to arrive, and soon there was a great
+feast going on, almost as great a one as there had been before at
+Louhi's.
+
+While they were all feasting, Wainamoinen arose and began to sing again.
+This time he sang the praises of the bridegroom's father and mother, and
+the bride and groom, and ended up with praising the guests that were
+assembled there. Then he and many of the guests took their leave and
+journeyed off together to their homes. Three days they drove on
+together, and Wainamoinen kept on singing all the time, until suddenly
+his song was cut short, for his sledge ran into a birch-tree and was
+broken into pieces. But Wainamoinen considered the case and then said:
+'Is there any one here who will go to Tuonela, to the Deathland, for the
+auger of Tuoni, that I may mend my sledge with it?' But no one would
+venture on so perilous a journey, so at length Wainamoinen went himself
+and obtained Tuoni's magic auger, and with its aid, on his return, he
+put together his magic sledge again.
+
+Then he harnessed up his steed once more and galloped off to his home.
+Thus ended Ilmarinen's wedding and the feasts that followed it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These two stories took Antero's fancy, and he begged that 'Pappa Mikko
+would tell about some more times when they had good things to eat.'
+
+But Father Mikko said: 'People can't be eating all the time, Antero, and
+I think the others would rather hear about what Lemminkainen did, when
+he heard of the feast and was not invited himself.'
+
+Mimi cried 'Yes, yes!' and so the old man began.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE ORIGIN OF THE SERPENT
+
+
+As Lemminkainen was ploughing his fields one day, he heard the noise of
+sledges as if a vast number of people were on their way past. At once he
+guessed the reason, for they were the guests going to Ilmarinen's
+wedding, while he alone had not been invited. Then his face turned pale
+with anger, and he left his ploughing and hastened off to his house.
+When he arrived there, he asked his mother to give him a hearty meal,
+and after that he went to the bath-house and after the bath put on his
+finest garments, as if going to a feast.
+
+His mother asked him where he was going and he told her that he was
+bound for the great feast that Louhi had prepared. But his mother tried
+to keep him from going, telling him that they did not want him there, or
+else they would have invited him, but he answered: 'This sword with its
+sharp edges constantly reminds me that I am needed in distant Pohjola.'
+His mother spoke again, saying: 'Do not go, my dear son, for Death will
+meet thee thrice upon the way.' Lemminkainen replied that he did not
+fear Death, but would overcome him, but at the same time asked his
+mother what the first danger would be.
+
+'When thou hast travelled for one day,' she replied, 'thou wilt come to
+a stream of fire, with a fiery cataract, and in the fire-fall a rock,
+and on the rock a fiery hill, and on its top an eagle made of flames,
+who devours all that approach him.'
+
+Lemminkainen answered that he would easily pass this danger, and asked
+to know the second. His mother told him: 'When thou hast travelled two
+days, thou wilt come to a fiery pit filled with red-hot stones, and no
+one has ever been able to pass over it.'
+
+But Lemminkainen thought but little of this second danger, and asked his
+mother to tell him what the third one was. She replied: 'When thou hast
+gone one day farther, and hast come to Pohjola, the wolf and the black
+bear will attack thee, and many hundred men have perished in their
+jaws.' But he told her how easily he would overcome them and then have
+conquered all the dangers of the journey. Then his mother added: 'There
+are three things still to conquer. When thou reachest Louhi's dwelling,
+thou wilt find walls built of iron rising up to the sky, and surrounded
+by railings of spears on which are serpents and all manner of venomous
+creatures twisting and creeping about; and right before the gateway lies
+the largest of them all, longer than the rafters of a house. And beyond
+all this, thou wilt find great hosts of armed warriors, who have grown
+angry over their beer and they will certainly kill you. And if thou
+shouldst come into the courtyard, thou wilt find it full of sharp
+stakes, to hold the heads of those that go thither unbidden. Do not
+forget how thou once fared in Pohjola, that had I not saved thee thou
+wouldst now be at the bottom of Tuoni's river.'
+
+Yet after she had warned him of all this, Lemminkainen would not be
+persuaded to remain at home, but put on his magic armour of copper and
+took his father's sword, and his own strongest bow. Then he had his
+steed hitched to a sledge and went out into the courtyard to drive off.
+There his mother bade him farewell and gave him some last words of
+advice, telling him that if he should come to the feast, to drink but
+half of his goblet of beer, for there were serpents in the other half,
+and to behave modestly and not to try to take the best of everything for
+himself.
+
+When she had ended, Lemminkainen jumped upon his sledge, cracked his
+whip, and drove off like the wind. He had not gone far before a flock of
+wild birds flew across his road and dropped a few feathers on the
+ground. Lemminkainen stopped and picking them up put them carefully in
+his leather pouch, 'for,' he thought, 'no one knows what may happen.' As
+soon as he had picked up the feathers he was off again, but he had not
+gone far when his steed stopped in terror, for there, right in front of
+them, was a broad river of fire, and a fire-fall with a rock in the
+middle, and on the rock a fiery hill, and on the hill a flaming eagle.
+
+The Eagle asked him whither he was going, and Lemminkainen replied that
+he was hurrying to Louhi's feast and begged the Eagle to let him pass.
+'Truly thou shalt pass,' the Eagle answered, 'but only through the
+flames and down my throat.' But Lemminkainen was not dismayed. He took
+out the feathers from his pouch and rubbed them between his fingers, and
+presently there arose a whole flock of birds and flew straight down the
+eagle's mouth so that its hunger was satisfied, then Lemminkainen was
+able to pass over the river by the help of his magic, and to drive on
+his way.
+
+He drove for another day and then his horse suddenly stopped again in
+terror, for there was a huge pit full of fire right in front, which
+stretched as far as one could see to east and west. Yet Lemminkainen was
+not discouraged, but prayed to great Ukko, that he would send a great
+storm from all the four points of the compass, and fill the pit with
+snow. And the snow came and as it fell into the seething pit of fire it
+melted and formed a lake; and Lemminkainen quickly cast a spell upon
+this lake so that a solid bridge of ice was formed over it, and he drove
+over in perfect safety.
+
+Thus the second danger was passed and he drove on more swiftly than
+ever. After another day's journey, when he had come near to Louhi's
+abode, his horse stopped again, trembling with fear. This time there
+were a fierce wolf and a great black bear in the road. But Lemminkainen
+put his hand into his leathern pouch and pulled out a tuft of wool. This
+he rubbed between his hands and breathed on it, and it changed into a
+whole flock of sheep, on which the bear and the wolf jumped and left
+Lemminkainen to pursue his journey in peace.
+
+In a very short time he had reached Louhi's house. But there he found
+the great wall of iron and the fence of spears and the horrible snakes
+and lizards that his mother had told him of. Yet he pulled out his magic
+broad sword and cut an opening through the wall and the fence of spears
+and the mass of serpents, and passed through to the gateway. There he
+found a huge serpent with a hundred eyes, each as large as bowls, and a
+thousand tongues long as javelins, and teeth like hatchets. Lemminkainen
+sang one spell, but it was not powerful enough, and the huge monster
+started to rush at him and seize him in its awful mouth. But
+Lemminkainen just in time began to sing a stronger spell.
+
+For evil things cannot bear to have their wicked origin told, and if
+therefore one sings the source of any evil, one makes it harmless at
+once, so Lemminkainen sang: 'If thou wilt not give room for me to pass,
+I will sing of thy evil origin, will tell how thy horrid head was made.
+Suoyatar, thy evil mother, once spat upon the waves of the sea. The
+spittle was rocked by the waves and warmed by the sun, until after a
+long time it was washed ashore. There the daughters of Ukko, the
+Creator, saw it, and said: "What would happen if great Ukko were to
+breathe the breath of life into this writhing, senseless mass?" But Ukko
+overheard them and said: "Naught but evil comes from evil, therefore I
+will not give it life."
+
+'Now, wicked Lempo heard what Ukko had said, and he himself breathed
+into it the breath of life, and shaped it to the form of a serpent,
+adding to the spittle all manner of evil things, every poisonous plant
+and thing from the Deathland. This was thine origin, O Serpent, vilest
+thing of all creation; therefore clear the pathway that I may enter the
+halls of the hostess Louhi.'
+
+Thus sang Lemminkainen, and the serpent uncoiled itself and crawled
+away, while Ahti himself went on through the gateway.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE UNWELCOME GUEST
+
+
+Thus Lemminkainen came unbidden to Louhi's abode, but he had arrived too
+late for the feast. He entered the house with such a mighty tread that
+the floors bent under him and the walls and ceilings creaked as he
+advanced. Louhi's husband was seated in the guest-room, and Lemminkainen
+said to him: 'The same greeting to thee that thou givest to me! Are
+there food and beer here for a stranger and barley for a hungry steed?'
+
+Louhi's husband answered: 'I have never yet refused a place in my
+stables for a stranger's horse, and if thou wilt act honestly there is a
+place for thee between the iron kettles.'
+
+Lemminkainen said: 'When my father Lempo comes to a house as a guest, he
+is well received and given the place of honour. Why should I, his son,
+be put between the pots and kettles to be covered with soot?' With these
+words he walked up to the table, and taking his seat he waited to be
+served.
+
+Then Louhi said to him: 'O Lemminkainen, thou wert not invited hither,
+and I feel that thou bringest sorrow with thee. All our dinner was eaten
+and our beer drunk yesterday, and we have nothing left for thee.'
+
+This made Lemminkainen very angry, and he replied: 'O toothless mistress
+of Pohjola, thou hast managed thy feast very badly, for thou hast had
+delicacies of every sort for the others, who gave but trifling presents,
+while for me, who have sent the most of all, thou hast nothing at all
+after my long journey.'
+
+Then Louhi called up one of her meanest servants and bade her serve the
+guest. And there came a little short woman, who made ready a soup out of
+fish-bones and fish-heads and crusts of bread and turnip-stalks, and
+brought him the worst of the servants' beer to quench his thirst with.
+Lemminkainen looked into the pitchers of beer, and saw snakes and worms
+and lizards floating about in them. This made him furiously angry, yet
+he resolved to drink the beer at any rate, and then to punish them for
+their evil treatment of him. So he drew a fish-hook out of his magic
+wallet, and with it he caught all the evil creatures in the beer and
+killed them with his sword, and drank the beer.
+
+When he had done this, he turned to the host and upbraided him for his
+bad treatment, and finally said that as the Pohjola folk could not treat
+guests decently, perhaps he could purchase good beer at least. At this
+Louhi's husband grew angry and conjured up a little lake in the floor at
+Lemminkainen's feet, and bade him quench his thirst at that. But
+Lemminkainen conjured up a bull with gold and silver horns, that drank
+up all the water. Then Louhi's husband conjured up a wolf to devour the
+bull, but Ahti called up a rabbit to draw off the wolf's attention. Next
+the host conjured up a dog to eat the rabbit, but Ahti drew away the dog
+by means of a squirrel that he called up by his magic. At that the host
+made a golden marten to catch the squirrel, and Lemminkainen a
+scarlet-coloured fox which ate the golden marten. Next the host conjured
+a hen to distract the scarlet fox, and Lemminkainen made a hawk to tear
+the hen to pieces.
+
+Then old Louhi's husband cried: 'We shall never be happy here until thou
+art driven out, O evil Ahti,' and with these words he drew his sword and
+challenged Lemminkainen to combat. So Ahti drew his sword also, and
+when the two were measured, they found that Ahti's was the shorter by
+half an inch.
+
+Then Lemminkainen said to his host: 'Although thou hast the longer
+sword, yet thou shalt begin the fight.'
+
+After this they placed themselves in position, and the host of Pohjola
+began. But so powerful was Lemminkainen's magic that he only hit the
+walls and floor and rafters, but could not touch Ahti himself. Then
+Lemminkainen said sneeringly: 'What harm have the walls and rafters
+done, that thou shouldst cut them to pieces. But come, let us go out
+into the courtyard, that the hall may not be covered with blood.'
+
+So they went out into the yard, and there they spread out an ox-hide,
+and took up their places on it to continue the fight. Lemminkainen again
+allowed the host to begin, and the latter struck three mighty blows, but
+still could not harm Ahti. Then the battle began in real earnest, and
+the sparks flew from their swords until it seemed as if there were a
+sheet of flame flowing from Lemminkainen's sword and down upon the head
+and shoulders of his opponent. And when he saw this, Lemminkainen said:
+'O thou son of Pohjola, see how thy neck is shining like the ocean at
+dawn.'
+
+The other turned without thinking, to see what it was, and quick as
+lightning Lemminkainen whirled his sword round his head, and with one
+blow cut off the host's head as easily as one cuts the top from a
+turnip, and the head rolled along on the ground. In the yard were
+hundreds of sharp stakes, and on all but one there was a human head. So
+Lemminkainen quickly took the host's head and stuck it on the empty
+stake, and then went into the house and ordered Louhi to bring him water
+to wash his hands, as he had just slain her husband.
+
+But Louhi hastened out and called in hundreds of armed warriors to
+avenge her husband's death. And in a very short time Lemminkainen saw
+that he must either flee or else be killed if he remained.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE ISLE OF REFUGE
+
+
+Lemminkainen hastened from Louhi's house and looked around for his
+sledge and steed to escape from the Pohjola men. But both had
+disappeared, and in their place he found only a clump of willows. As he
+stood there, wondering what he should do next, the noise of armed men
+running together grew louder and louder, and he knew that they would
+soon reach him. So Lemminkainen changed himself into an eagle, and rose
+up into the clouds. As he flew towards the south he met a gray hawk
+flying northward, and called to it: 'O Gray Hawk, fly to Pohjola and
+tell the warriors of the Northland that they will never catch the Eagle,
+Lemminkainen, ere he reaches his home in distant Kalevala.'
+
+Then he flew on home and taking on again his own form, he went to his
+mother's house. When she saw the troubled look in his face, she guessed
+that some great danger threatened him, and began to ask him if it were
+this, or that, or the other that troubled him, but to all her questions
+he answered 'no.' At length she bade him tell her, then, what his
+trouble was, and he replied: 'All the men of Northland are sharpening
+their swords and spears to kill thy unlucky son Ahti, for I have slain
+the host of Pohjola, Louhi's husband, in a quarrel, and the men of
+Northland will soon come hither to avenge it.'
+
+His mother then reminded him how she had warned him of the journey and
+its troubles, and asked him where he was going to take refuge.
+Lemminkainen replied that he did not know, and asked his mother to help
+him, and she answered: 'If I should turn thee into a tree, thou might be
+cut down for firewood. Or if into a berry, the maidens might pluck thee.
+Or if to a fish, thou would never have a happy life. But if thou wilt
+swear to me not to go to war again for sixty years, then I will tell
+thee of a distant isle, far off across the ocean, where thou mayst rest
+in safety.'
+
+So Lemminkainen gave his promise, on his honour, not to fight for sixty
+years, and then his mother told him how to find the isle of refuge. He
+must sail across nine seas and in the middle of the tenth he would come
+to the island, where his father had once taken refuge long before. There
+he must stay until the third year was come, and then he might return to
+his home.
+
+Lemminkainen took enough provisions in his boat for a long journey, and
+then bidding farewell to his mother and his home he sailed away. When he
+had raised the linen sails, he called up a fair wind to drive him
+onward, and for three months he sailed on without a moment's rest, until
+at length he reached the magic Isle of Refuge.
+
+First, he asked the people of the island if there was room there for his
+boat, and on receiving their consent he drew it up out of the water.
+Next he asked them if he might take refuge and conceal himself there,
+and they granted this too; but when he asked for a little ground to
+cultivate, and a place in the forest to cut down the trees, they told
+him that the whole island had long ago been divided up amongst them, and
+that he must live in one of their houses if he wished to stay on the
+island.
+
+But Lemminkainen was not satisfied with this, and told them that he only
+wished to be allowed to go into the forest and sing some few magic songs
+there, and this they willingly allowed him to do. So he went into the
+forest and began to sing the most wondrous spells, making oak-trees to
+grow up around him, and on each branch an acorn, and on each acorn sat
+a cuckoo. Then the cuckoos began to sing, and gold fell from every beak,
+and silver from their wings, and copper from their feathers, until the
+isle was abundantly supplied with precious metals. Then Lemminkainen
+sang again, and turned the sand to gems and the pebbles into pearls, and
+he covered the whole island with flowers, and made little lakes with
+gold and silver ducks swimming in them, until every one was delighted,
+and the maidens most of all.
+
+Then Ahti said: 'If I were in a fine castle I would conjure up the most
+wonderful feasts and sing the grandest songs you have ever heard.' No
+sooner had he said this than they led him to their finest castle, and
+there he conjured up a splendid feast, with knives and forks and all the
+dishes made of gold and silver. From this time on Ahti was treated as an
+honoured guest, and spent his time most delightfully. In every village
+on the island were seven castles, and in each castle were seven
+daughters, and all of these made Lemminkainen welcome as he went from
+one to another according to his fancy. Thus he spent the whole of his
+years of exile; but there was one maid, old and ugly, and living in a
+remote village, whom he neglected.
+
+At length the time of his return was come, and he made up his mind to
+leave. But just as he had decided to go, the maid whom he had neglected
+came to him and bade him beware, for she was going to take revenge for
+his slighting her; but Lemminkainen scarcely heard her, for he was so
+busy thinking about his journey home. But the maiden went around to all
+the men of the island, and told them evil stories about Lemminkainen,
+and then she went and burned his boat.
+
+The next morning Lemminkainen started off to bid his friends the maidens
+farewell, but he had not gone far before he saw the men getting their
+weapons ready to come and attack him, and he saw that he must fly
+immediately if he wished to escape alive. So he hastened down to his
+boat, but when he reached it there were only the ashes left. At first he
+did not know what to do, but he spied seven broken pieces of planks and
+a few fragments from a broken distaff, and taking these he began to sing
+some mystic spells over them. No sooner had he finished his incantations
+than a magic boat stood ready before him, and he got into it and sailed
+away. But before he was far from the shore all the maidens came down to
+the beach and began to weep and beg him to come back and dwell with them
+for ever. But Lemminkainen answered them that he felt a great longing to
+see his home once more and his mother, yet that he was truly sorrowful
+to leave them, but it must be so. And so he sailed on until the isle was
+out of sight.
+
+The boat sailed on and on for two days and nights, but on the third day
+came a mighty storm-wind, and tossed the vessel about until it broke all
+in pieces, and left Lemminkainen struggling in the waters. He swam for
+long days and nights, struggling with the waves, until at length he
+reached a rocky point projecting out into the ocean. There he landed and
+soon found his way to a castle that was built upon the rocks. He told
+the mistress of the castle how he had been in the water for days and
+days, and was almost perishing from hunger, and she, being a
+kind-hearted woman, gave him a splendid feast of bread and butter, veal
+and bacon, and fish and honey-cakes, and when he had eaten that and
+rested, she gave him a new boat, loaded with provisions, in which to
+finish his journey.
+
+So off he sailed again, and after many weary days of sailing he at
+length reached his beloved island-home. But when he landed and went up
+to where the house had stood, there was not a sign of anything left. The
+whole place was all overgrown with trees and bushes.
+
+Then Lemminkainen sat down and began to weep; but it was not for the
+loss of his home and all his riches that he wept but for his beloved
+mother. As he sat there he caught sight of an eagle flying in the air
+above, and Ahti asked him if he knew what had happened to his mother.
+But the eagle could only tell him that his people had all perished long
+go. Next he asked the raven, and the raven told him that his people had
+been killed by his enemies from Pohjola.
+
+On hearing this Lemminkainen began again to mourn her loss, and to look
+about for some dear relic that he might keep in remembrance of her. But
+as he looked he suddenly came on a faint pathway leading away from the
+house, and on it he saw the prints of light feet. He began to follow it
+eagerly, over hill and valley until he reached the gloomy forest. There
+it led him to a hidden glade, right in the middle of the island, and
+there he found a humble cabin, and his gray-haired mother weeping in it.
+
+Ahti cried aloud for joy at the sight of her, and then he told her how
+he had mourned her as dead. She asked him in return how he had spent
+those years on the Isle of Refuge, and he told her all; how charming the
+life there was, and how he had enjoyed himself there, but that at the
+end all the men of the isle had come to hate him, because the maidens
+admired him so much, and how through their jealousy and the hatred of
+the one maid whom he had neglected, he had nearly lost his life. And
+when he had ended his story they both gave thanks to great Ukko that
+they had found each other again.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE FROST-FIEND
+
+
+When the next day began to dawn, Lemminkainen went to the beach, that
+was hidden behind a projecting point, where his vessels lay. He found
+them still there, but as he approached he heard the rigging wailing in
+the wind, and saying: 'Must we lie here for ever and rot, since Ahti has
+sworn not to go to war for sixty long years?'
+
+Then Lemminkainen cried out to his vessels: 'Mourn no more, my good
+warships, for soon ye shall be filled with warriors and hastening to the
+battle.' When he had uttered these words he hurried back to his mother
+and bade her sorrow no longer over the insult that the Pohjola warriors
+had offered to her, for he was going now to make war on them in order to
+punish them for it.
+
+His mother, when she heard his intention, besought him earnestly not to
+go to war and break his oath to her, for some great misfortune would
+surely come upon him. But he paid no heed to her, and went to seek his
+friend Kura to accompany him on his expedition. When he came to the isle
+on which Kura lived, he went up to the house and said: 'O my dear friend
+Kura, dost thou not remember the time when we fought together long ago
+against the men of dismal Northland? Come with me now and be my
+companion in another war against them.'
+
+Now Kura's father was sitting by the window, whittling out a javelin,
+and his mother was near the door skimming milk, and his brother and
+sisters were also working near by. And all of them cried out that Kura
+could not go to war, for he was but lately married, and they bade
+Lemminkainen leave him.
+
+But Kura himself jumped up from where he was lying before the fire, and
+began to put on his armour in great haste. On his helmet were wolves of
+bronze, and a horse on each javelin. Then Kura took his mighty spear,
+and going forth into the court he hurled it towards the north; and it
+flew on and on, whistling through the air, until at length it fell upon
+the earth of the distant Northland. And after this Kura touched his
+javelin against Lemminkainen's spear and promised to be his faithful
+comrade in the expedition. So the two great warriors made all needful
+preparation and set forth to sail to dismal Pohjola.
+
+But Louhi knew by magic art that they were coming, and she called the
+Black-frost to her, and gave him these commands: 'Hasten forth, O
+Black-frost, and freeze all the wide sea. Freeze Lemminkainen's vessel
+fast in the ice, and freeze the magician himself in his vessel, so that
+he may never more awaken from his icy sleep until I myself may choose to
+free him.'
+
+So the Black-frost hastened off to do her bidding. And first he stripped
+the leaves off the trees and took all the colour from the flowers on his
+way to the seashore. When he reached the shore, the first night he
+froze all the rivers that empty into the sea and the waters along the
+shore, but he did not touch the open sea that night. But on the second
+night he froze all the sea, and the ice kept growing thicker and thicker
+all around Lemminkainen's vessel, until at last the Black-frost even
+began to freeze Lemminkainen's hands and feet and ears.
+
+But when Lemminkainen felt this he began to sing an incantation against
+the Black-frost, saying: 'Black-frost, evil child of the Northland and
+only son of Winter, thou mayst freeze the trees and waters and the very
+stones,--but let me be in peace. Freeze the iron mountains till they
+burst in sunder; freeze Wuoksi and Imatra, but do not try to harm me,
+for I will sing thine origin and make thee powerless. For thou wert born
+on the borders of the ever-dismal Northland, and wert fed by crawling
+snakes. The Northwind rocked thee to sleep in the marshes, and thus thou
+grew, a thing of evil, and at last the name of Frost was given thee. And
+as thou became larger, thou didst learn to rend the trees in winter and
+to cover all the lakes with ice. But if thou wilt not leave me now, I
+will cast thee into Lempo's fiery hearth, and will lay thee on the
+anvil, that Ilmarinen may pound thee to pieces with his mighty hammer.'
+
+Now the Frost-fiend knew how great a magician Lemminkainen was, and
+therefore he agreed that he would leave the two warriors unharmed, but
+keep their ship frozen up as it was. And so Ahti and Kura had to leave
+their vessel and journey over the ice to land. At length they reached
+the country called Starvation-land, and there they found a house, but
+there was no food in it. So they went on still farther, over hill and
+valley, and as they went, Lemminkainen gathered soft moss from the
+tree-trunks and made stockings of it to keep their feet warm.
+
+On and on they went, seeking for some pathway to guide them, but all was
+one snow-covered wilderness. Then Kura said: 'Alas, O Ahti; we came
+hither to take vengeance on the men of Pohjola, but I fear that we shall
+leave our own bones here, and our flesh be food for eagles and ravens.
+We shall never learn the pathway that can guide us to our homes. My poor
+mother will never know what has become of me--whether I have perished in
+the heat of battle, or on some lonely hill, or in some dismal forest.
+She can only mourn me as one dead, and sit and weep bitter tears.'
+
+Then Lemminkainen said: 'My aged mother, think of our former happy days,
+when all went well and all was joy and happiness. But now sorrow and
+misfortune are come upon me, yet shall we not despair; for we are young
+and strong, and will give way neither to hunger nor to evil sorcerers,
+but will use the prayer my father used to pray, saying: "Guard us, O
+thou great Creator; shield us in thine arms, and give us of thy wisdom.
+Be our guardian and our Father, that thy children may not wander from
+the path which thou hast given them."'
+
+Then when Lemminkainen had finished speaking, he took his cares and made
+fleet coursers of them, and the reins he made of days of evil, and from
+his pains he made the saddles. Then he and Kura galloped off each to his
+own home, and thus Lemminkainen was once more returned to his aged
+mother's arms. Now let us leave him there, and Kura with his bride and
+kinsfolk, and speak hereafter of other heroes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Thus Father Mikko ended, adding: 'And I think we must stop now for the
+night, for it is getting late.' Then they had supper, and it was not
+long before all of them had gone to bed and were sound asleep.
+
+Early the next morning they were all awakened by a dull thud and a
+smothered shout. Erik and Father Mikko jumped up and lit a lantern, and
+then hurried to the door, which stood open. They had dug a passage-way
+out through the snow the day before, and they saw that the walls of snow
+had just caved in, and sticking out of the middle of the heap was a pair
+of small legs waving about wildly in the air.
+
+The next minute they had pulled out the owner of the legs, and little
+Antero stood before them, looking very much frightened and very foolish
+too. He had his snow-shoes and some meat with him, and managed to
+explain, between his sobs, that he had intended to go and hunt for
+reindeer in Lapland, the way Lemminkainen did in the story, but his
+snow-shoe had caught in the wall and disaster had overtaken him. The
+would-be hero was promptly taken in charge by Mother Stina, and soon all
+was quiet again.
+
+When they went out the next morning, they found that the snow had long
+since stopped, but the wind was blowing so hard and it was so bitterly
+cold, that Father Mikko was easily persuaded to stay another day.
+
+After dinner they settled down exactly as the day before, Mimi in
+'Pappa' Mikko's lap again, and in a few minutes he began to tell them
+some more of his wonderful stories.
+
+'I will tell you about some one you have not heard of yet,' Father Mikko
+said; 'about _Kullervo_, though I am sure you will none of you like
+Kullervo himself--but yet the story itself may be interesting.' So he
+began.
+
+[Illustration: MIMI IN HOLIDAY DRESS.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KULLERVO'S BIRTH
+
+
+Many ages ago there was a mother who had three sons, and one of them
+grew up to be a prosperous merchant, but the other two were carried
+off--one to distant Pohjola and one to Karjala. And the one in Pohjola
+was named Untamo, but the one in Karjala was called Kalerwoinen.
+
+One day Untamo set his nets near Kalerwoinen's home to catch salmon, but
+in the evening Kalerwoinen came by and took all the fish out of the nets
+and carried them off home. When Untamo found it out he went to his
+brother, and soon they fell to blows; but neither could conquer the
+other, though they gave one another sound beatings. After this had
+happened, Kalerwoinen sowed some barley near Untamo's barns; and
+Untamo's sheep broke into the field and ate the barley, and then
+Kalerwoinen's dog killed the sheep. This made Untamo so angry that he
+collected a great army and marched against his brother to put him and
+all his tribe to death. And when they reached Kalerwoinen's home they
+burned all the houses and killed every one except Kalerwoinen's daughter
+Untamala.
+
+Now not long after this a child was born to Untamala, and she named him
+Kullervo. Then they laid the fatherless infant in the cradle and began
+to rock him, but he began at once to make the cradle rock without
+assistance, and he rocked for three whole days, so hard that his hair
+stood quite on end. On the third day he began to kick until he had burst
+his swaddling clothes, and then he crept out of the cradle and broke
+that also in pieces. When Kullervo was only three months old he began to
+speak, and the first words which he uttered were these: 'When I have
+grown big and strong I will avenge the murder of my grandfather
+Kalerwoinen and his people.'
+
+At this Untamo was greatly alarmed, and took counsel with his people as
+to what should be done with the child. At length they hit upon a plan.
+They took the child and bound him firmly in a willow basket and then put
+him in the lake among the bulrushes. After three days had passed they
+went to see if he were dead, but he had broken loose from the basket and
+was sitting on the waves, fishing with a copper rod and a golden line;
+so they took him back again to the house. Next Untamo ordered a great
+heap of dried brushwood to be collected together, and a pile was made
+higher than the tree-tops; on the top of this they set the boy and then
+set fire to the pile. It burned three whole days, and then Untamo sent
+men to see if the child was dead; but they found him sitting in the
+middle of the fire raking the coals together with a copper rod, and not
+a hair of his head was even singed.
+
+Then they took him home and considered again how they should kill him,
+and this time they took him and crucified him on an oak-tree. And on the
+third day they came and found that he had painted an armed warrior on
+every leaf, made fast though he was to the tree, and so they took him
+down and brought him home again. This time they saw that they could not
+harm him, so Untamo told him that he would take him as a servant, and
+that if he did well he should be paid well.
+
+When Kullervo had grown a little, he was set to take care of a baby, and
+was given very careful instructions as to how to rock it and attend to
+all its wants; but the cruel Kullervo treated it harshly, and in the
+evening killed it and burned the cradle in the fire. So Untamo was
+afraid to give him any further employment about the house, but bade him
+go out and cut down the forest on the mountain side. Then Kullervo went
+to the smith and bade him make a huge axe of copper, and when it was
+ready he spent one day in sharpening it and another in making the
+handle, and then hastened off to the forest. There he chose the biggest
+tree on all the mountain side and felled it at one blow. Six more huge
+trees were cut down just as easily, but then Kullervo grew disgusted
+with the work, and pronounced a curse over the whole mountain, and
+stopped working.
+
+So when Untamo came in the evening to see how he was getting on, and
+found only seven trees felled, he saw that he must set Kullervo to some
+other task. The next day, therefore, he took him into a field and bade
+him build a fence round it. As soon as Untamo was gone, Kullervo set to
+work, using whole trees and raising the fence higher than the clouds;
+and when he had finished there was no gate to enter by, and the fence
+was so high that no one could climb over it. When Untamo came and saw
+what he had done, and that no one could now get into the field, he told
+Kullervo that he was unfitted for such work, and must go and thresh the
+rye and barley.
+
+Then Kullervo made a flail and set to work. And he threshed so hard that
+all the grain was beaten to powder and the straw was broken up into
+useless pieces. But when Untamo saw this, he grew very angry, and cried
+out that Kullervo was a wretched workman who spoiled whatever he
+touched, and the next day he took him off and sold him to the blacksmith
+Ilmarinen in distant Karjala. And the price Ilmarinen paid was three old
+worn-out kettles, seven worthless sickles, and three old scythes and
+hoes and axes, surely quite enough for such a fellow as Kullervo.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KULLERVO AND ILMARINEN'S WIFE
+
+
+As soon as the purchase was completed, Kullervo asked Ilmarinen and his
+wife to give him some work for the next day. So they decided to make him
+a shepherd. But the wife, once the Rainbow-maiden, did not like the new
+servant, so she baked him a cheat-loaf--a very thick loaf, half of
+barley, half of oatmeal, and with a great flint-stone in the centre, and
+around the flint-stone was melted butter. Then she gave it to Kullervo
+and told him not to eat it until he was out on the pasture-ground.
+
+The next morning Ilmarinen's wife showed Kullervo the cattle, and bade
+him take them to the open glades among the forests, where they would
+find food in abundance. Then she addressed a prayer to Ukko that he
+would guard the flock in case the shepherd should neglect them. And she
+sought the aid too of all the goddesses of the forest and the daughters
+of summer and the spirits of the fountains and the brooks, to care for
+her cattle and watch over them. And she also sang a spell to keep away
+the bear from coming and devouring them. And when all these prayers and
+spells were ended she sent Kullervo off with the herds.
+
+Kullervo drove them off to their pastures in the woods, carrying his
+lunch in a basket on his arm. And as he walked he sang of his hard lot
+as a slave, and how he was given only the scraps and crusts to eat,
+while his master and mistress fed on honey-cakes and wheaten biscuit. At
+length the time came for him to eat his luncheon, and he sat down and
+drew the cheat-loaf from the basket. But instead of eating it at once he
+turned it carefully over and over in his hands, and thought: 'Many
+loaves are fine to look at on the outside, but are nothing but chaff
+inside,' and he drew out his knife to try the loaf.
+
+This knife was the one thing that his mother had kept of all her
+father's possessions, and Kullervo looked upon it as something sacred.
+Now as he plunged it into the cheat-loaf it hit right upon the hard
+flint in the centre and broke in several pieces. Then Kullervo sat down
+and began to weep over his loss, and to ponder how he should revenge
+it. But a raven was sitting in a tree near by and overhead him talking
+to himself, and the raven said: 'Why art thou so distressed, Kullervo?
+Drive the herd away, one half to the wolves' and the other half to the
+bears' dens, so that they may all be devoured. And then when it is time
+to return home call together the wolves and bears and make them look
+like cattle, by thy magic art, and drive them home for thy mistress to
+milk. Thus thou wilt repay this insult.'
+
+At these words Kullervo jumped up and did as the raven had said. And
+when the sun was setting in the west, Kullervo hastened homeward,
+driving bears and wolves before him, but by a magic spell he made them
+look like cattle. And as he went, he said to them: 'Seize my hateful
+mistress when she comes to milk the cattle, and tear and rend her in
+pieces.' And he took a cow-horn and made a bugle of it and blew till the
+hills rang, to announce his return.
+
+When he reached the cow-yard, Ilmarinen's wife greeted him joyfully, for
+it was late and she had feared that something had happened. And she told
+her oldest maid-servant to go and milk the cows as she herself was busy.
+But Kullervo said: 'Thou shouldst go thyself, for the cows are in better
+condition to-night than they have ever been before.' And so she went,
+and when she saw them she cried out in wonder: 'Truly my cattle are
+beautiful to-night, for their hair glistens like the fur of lynxes, and
+is soft as ermine skin.'
+
+With these words she seated herself to begin milking, but all at once
+the wolves and bears appeared in their true shapes and began to tear her
+to pieces. Then she cried out to Kullervo, when she saw what he had
+done, but he answered: 'If I have done evil thou hast done still greater
+evil, for thou hast baked a stone inside my bread, and I have broken on
+it my knife, the only relic of my mother's people.'
+
+Then Ilmarinen's wife began to beg him to aid her, and promised him the
+best of everything to eat, and that he should never have to work again.
+But Kullervo would not listen to her prayers, but rejoiced at her agony,
+and then the wolves and bears made one more onset, and she fell and
+died. Such was the end of the beauteous Rainbow-maiden, for whom so many
+had wooed, and who had become the pride and joy of Kalevala.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KULLERVO'S LIFE AND DEATH
+
+
+Then Kullervo hastened off, before Ilmarinen should come home and find
+out what had happened. And after he was at a safe distance he began to
+play upon the bugle he had made, until Ilmarinen ran out of his smithy
+to see who it could be, and there before him in the courtyard Ilmarinen
+saw the body of his wife and learned what had happened: and he sat down
+and wept bitterly, for all the joy of his life was now gone from him.
+
+But Kullervo hastened on, and as he went he mourned his hard lot. When
+he had gone a little way he met an old witch on the road, and she asked
+him whither he was going. 'I shall journey to the dismal Northland,'
+answered Kullervo, 'there to slay the wicked Untamo, who has killed all
+my kinsfolk.' Then the witch said: 'Thou art wrong, for thy father and
+thy sisters escaped from Untamo's wrath, and now thy mother has joined
+them and they are living happily together on the distant borders of
+Kalevala.' And when Kullervo begged her to tell him the way to them she
+did so, and he hastened off to find them.
+
+At length he reached his parents' abode, but at first they did not
+recognise him. But when he spoke to his mother she knew him at once, and
+embraced him and kissed him, and made him welcome in his new home. And
+then they related to one another all that had happened in the years they
+had been apart, and his mother ended by saying: 'Praised be Ukko that
+thou hast come back to us; but there is yet one absent one--thy eldest
+sister strayed away many years ago, hunting berries on the hills, and we
+have never seen or heard of her since.'
+
+So Kullervo settled down to live with his parents, and began to work
+with the others. The first day they all went out to fish for salmon, and
+Kullervo was put at the oars to row their boat. Then he asked whether he
+should row with all his strength, or only a little part of it, and they
+told him that he could not pull too hard. So he put forth all his
+giant's strength, and in a minute the boat was all broken to pieces.
+
+His father said: 'I see that thou art too clumsy to row; perhaps thou
+wilt do better to drive the salmon into the nets.' And Kullervo asked
+again whether he should use all his strength, and he received the same
+answer as before. So he set to work beating the water to scare the fish
+into the net; but he beat so hard that he mixed all the mud on the
+bottom with the water, and pounded the salmon all to pulp and destroyed
+all the nets.
+
+Then his father saw that he was not fit for such work, so he sent him
+off to pay the yearly taxes. Kullervo did so, and after he had paid them
+he started off in his sledge to drive home again. He had not driven far
+when he met a lovely maiden, whom he asked to get into his sledge and
+come with him to his home and marry him. But she made fun of him, and he
+drove off in anger. When he had driven still farther he met another
+maiden, still more lovely than the first, and this one he at length
+persuaded to get into his sledge and come home with him and marry him.
+But when they had driven along for two days towards his home, the maiden
+asked him about his kinsfolk, and he told her that he was Kalervo's son.
+
+No sooner had the maiden heard this than she gave a great cry of anguish
+and cried out: 'Alas, then, thou art my brother! For I am Kalervo's
+daughter, who wandered off one day to pick berries and never returned,'
+and with these words she jumped from the sledge and hastened weeping to
+a river near by. There she plunged beneath the icy waters and was never
+seen again alive, but her lifeless body floated down to the black river
+of Tuoni.
+
+But Kullervo unharnessed his steed from the sledge and galloped off home
+and there related to his mother all that had occurred, and how he had
+unknowingly been the cause of his sister's death, and when he had
+finished his story, he added: 'Woe is me that I did not die long ago.
+But now I must hasten off to gloomy Pohjola, there to slay the wicked
+Untamo, and myself be also slain.' Having said this he also made ready
+his armour and ground his broadsword until it was as sharp as a razor.
+But before he went, he asked his father and brother and sister and
+mother if they would grieve when they heard of his death. And all but
+his mother told him that they would never sorrow over the death of such
+an evil fellow. But his mother alone said that, in spite of all the evil
+he had done, her mother's love was still strong and that she would weep
+over him for years to come.
+
+Thereupon Kullervo went forth on his journey to the icy Northland, but
+before he had gone far a messenger came and told him that his father was
+dead and asked Kullervo to come back and help bury him, but he would
+not come. And a little later he was told of the death of his brother and
+then of his sister, and last of all of his mother. Still he refused to
+come to bury any of them, only, when the news of his mother's death
+reached him, he mourned that he had not been with her in her last
+moments, and bade the servants bury her with every possible honour and
+respect.
+
+Now as he neared the home of Untamo's tribe, he prayed to Ukko to endow
+his sword with magic powers, so that Untamo and all his people might be
+surely slain. And Ukko did as he had asked, and with the magic sword
+Kullervo slew, single-handed, all Untamo's people, and burned all their
+villages to ashes, leaving behind him only dead bodies and smoking
+ruins.
+
+Then he hastened home, and found that it was only too true that all his
+family had died while he was away; and he went out to his mother's grave
+and wept over it. But as he wept, his mother spoke to him from the grave
+and bade him let their old dog lead him into the forest to the home of
+the wood-nymphs, who would care for him. So Kullervo set off, led by the
+faithful dog. But on the way they came to the grassy mound where
+Kullervo had met his long-lost sister, and there he found that even the
+grass and the flowers and the trees were weeping. Suddenly overcome with
+sorrow, he drew forth his magic sword from out its scabbard, and,
+bidding a last farewell to all the world, he thrust the handle firmly
+into the earth and threw himself upon the sword-point, so that it
+pierced his heart. Thus ended the evil life of Kullervo.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+They were all silent for a moment when the sad story of Kullervo's life
+and death was ended, and then Mimi said: 'I wish you'd tell us about
+nice men like Ilmarinen and Wainamoinen, Pappa Mikko; Kullervo was real
+hateful.'
+
+'Well, then, I will tell you of what Ilmarinen did when he had lost his
+wife, the Rainbow-maiden,'--and the old man began.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S BRIDE OF GOLD
+
+
+After Ilmarinen's wife had been so cruelly slain, he wept for three
+whole days and nights without ceasing. And after that for three months
+he did not go into his smithy nor even so much as lift his hammer from
+the ground. And as he mourned he cried: 'Woe is me, for all is weariness
+and sorrow now that my dear wife is slain, and there is no more rest for
+me in my home.'
+
+But after the three months of mourning were past, Ilmarinen went out and
+dug up a great quantity of gold and silver and cut down thirty
+sledge-loads of birch-trees, which he burnt to charcoal. Then he put the
+charcoal in the bottom of his furnace and laid a large piece of gold and
+a still larger piece of silver on top, and closing the furnace, he
+started the fire and set the workmen to blowing the bellows; but the
+men were lazy and let the fire go out. So Ilmarinen drove them all away
+and began to blow the fire by magic spells alone. Three days he worked
+the bellows by his magic spells, and on the evening of the third day he
+looked inside the furnace, hoping to see an image rising from the melted
+gold and silver. And there came forth a lovely lamb all gold and silver,
+and every one admired its beauty save Ilmarinen, who said: 'Get back
+into the furnace, for I only desire a beauteous bride, born of the
+melted gold and silver.'
+
+So he threw the lamb back into the furnace and added still more gold and
+silver and other magic metals, and then set his workmen to blow the
+bellows again. But they proved lazy this time too, and he had once more
+to use his magic spells to blow the fire. Again he looked into the
+furnace, on the evening of the third day, and this time there arose a
+colt of gold and silver and with hoofs of shining copper. Every one
+admired the beautiful colt save Ilmarinen, who threw it back into the
+furnace.
+
+Once more he added gold and silver and set the workmen to blow the
+bellows, but they neglected their work this time too. Then he blew the
+fire by magic, and cast other magic spells over the furnace, so that the
+gold and silver should grow into a lovely maiden. When he looked into
+the furnace on the evening of the third day, he saw at last the figure
+of a maiden rising from the flames, but it had neither feet nor hands
+nor ears. So Ilmarinen took her from the fire and forged unceasingly
+until feet and hands and ears were all completed, and the maiden was now
+the most beautiful that any one had ever seen, but yet she could not
+walk, nor talk, nor see, nor hear.
+
+But Ilmarinen carried the golden maiden out of the smithy and took her
+to the bath-room where he washed the golden and silver image and then
+took it and laid it in his couch, in his wife's place. That night he
+heaped up bear-skins and rugs of all kinds on top of the bed, hoping
+that the image would come to life from the warmth, but it was all in
+vain, and Ilmarinen was almost frozen himself when he rose next morning.
+Then he said to himself: 'Surely this lovely maiden was not meant to be
+my bride. I will take her to Wainamoinen, and perhaps she may come to
+life for him.'
+
+So off he went and offered the beautiful image to Wainamoinen, telling
+him that he had brought a lovely maiden to be Wainamoinen's bride now in
+his old age. But Wainamoinen, after praising the image's beauty, said:
+'My dear brother Ilmarinen, it is better to throw this image back into
+thy furnace, and to forge from the melted metal a thousand useful
+trinkets. For I will never wed an image made of gold and silver.'
+
+And then Wainamoinen turned to those of his people who were standing
+near by, and said to them: 'Never bow to any image made of gold or
+silver, for they cannot see, nor hear, nor speak, and they will only
+bring you sorrow.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S FRUITLESS WOOING
+
+
+So Ilmarinen cast the maid of gold into a corner of his smithy and
+harnessed up his sledge and drove off to the dismal Northland, to ask
+Louhi to give him another of her daughters in marriage. Three days he
+journeyed, and on the evening of the third he reached old Louhi's home.
+
+Louhi asked him how her daughter, the Rainbow-maiden, fared, and
+Ilmarinen, with hanging head and sorrowful face, told how his poor wife
+had perished, and ended up his story by asking Louhi to give him her
+next fairest daughter to be his wife. But Louhi grew angry and upbraided
+him with not having guarded her other daughter, and thus being guilty of
+her death, and she scornfully refused to give him another of her
+daughters.
+
+But Ilmarinen went into the house in great anger and there addressed
+Louhi's next fairest daughter, begging her to come to his home with him
+and become his wife. The maid replied: 'I will never marry the man who
+has been the cause of my dear sister's death. And even if I were to
+marry I would wish a nobler suitor than a mere blacksmith.' Then
+Ilmarinen grew pale with anger, and seizing the maiden in his mighty
+arms he rushed off to his sledge and drove off like the wind before any
+one could stop him.
+
+The poor maid wept and begged Ilmarinen to release her and to let her
+die by the roadside, rather than to take her thus to his home. 'If thou
+wilt not release me,' she said, 'I will change into a salmon and escape
+thee.' But Ilmarinen told her that he would pursue her in the shape of a
+pike. Then the maiden said, first, that she would become an ermine, but
+Ilmarinen told her he would turn into a snake and catch her; and then
+she said that she would become a swallow, but Ilmarinen threatened to
+become an eagle.
+
+So they drove on and on, and the maiden wept the whole time, and begged
+Ilmarinen to let her go, even if it were only to die in the snow, but he
+refused and grew more and more angry at her obstinacy. At length they
+reached Ilmarinen's home and he took the maiden into the house. But
+here, seeing there was no hope of escape, she determined to make him so
+angry that he would kill her and thus she would be freed from him. So
+she began to make fun of him and to scorn him and laugh at him, until at
+length Ilmarinen was in such a rage that he scarcely knew what he was
+doing, and drew his sword to kill her.
+
+But the sword refused to do this cruel deed, saying: 'I was born to
+drink the blood of warriors, but not of such a pure and lovely maid as
+this.' So Ilmarinen, being unable to kill her, began to weave a magic
+spell about her, and in a few minutes she changed all of a sudden into a
+seagull, and flew off screaming towards the sea-cliffs.
+
+And when he had done this, Ilmarinen went out and got into his sledge
+and drove off to his brother Wainamoinen. When he arrived, Wainamoinen
+asked him why he was so sad, and whether all was well in Pohjola. To
+this Ilmarinen replied: 'Why should not all be well in Pohjola? They
+have the Sampo there, and until it leaves them they will always
+prosper.' And then Wainamoinen asked him of the maiden whom he had gone
+to woo. 'I have turned that hateful maid into a seagull,' Ilmarinen
+answered, frowning, 'and now she flies shrieking above the rolling
+waves, and will never have another suitor.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S EXPEDITION AND THE BIRTH OF THE KANTELE (HARP)
+
+
+Wainamoinen reflected on what Ilmarinen had said of the prosperity of
+the Northland, and at length proposed that they should go and capture
+the Sampo and bring it back to Kalevala. But Ilmarinen said: 'It will be
+hard to carry off the Sampo, for Louhi has fastened it with nine great
+locks, and around it grow three roots, beneath the mountain and the
+waters and the sands.'
+
+Still Wainamoinen persuaded him to go, and Ilmarinen went to his smithy
+and began to forge a sword for Wainamoinen. And when it was finished, it
+was so strong, by the power of the magic spells that had been used in
+making it, that it would cut through the hardest flint stones.
+
+Then the two heroes put on their armour and made their sledges ready,
+and drove off along the seashore northward. But they had not gone far
+before they heard a voice lamenting. They drove up to the spot whence
+the voice seemed to come, and there they found a ship lying deserted on
+the sands.
+
+Wainamoinen asked the ship what it was lamenting over, and the ship
+replied: 'Alas, I weep because I am obliged to remain here idle; for I
+was built to be a warship, and I long to sail filled with warriors
+against the foe, but I am left here to lie alone and rot to pieces.'
+Then Wainamoinen said: 'Thou shalt lie here no longer, but we will sail
+in thee against the men of Pohjola. But tell me whether thou art a magic
+ship that can sail without wind, or oarsmen, or pilot.' 'Nay,' the ship
+replied, 'I cannot sail if the wind or oars do not help me on and some
+one guide me with the rudder. But give me these to help me, and I can
+sail faster than any other ship in the world.'
+
+Then they left their sledges and launched the ship and stepped aboard.
+And Wainamoinen began to sing his wondrous spells, and in an instant one
+side of the vessel was filled with bearded warriors, and the other with
+lovely maids, and in the middle came powerful gray-bearded heroes. First
+he set the young men at the oars, but however hard they strove they
+could not budge the ship. And next the maidens tried, but they too
+failed. Last of all the mighty gray-bearded heroes took the oars, but
+yet the vessel did not move. Then Ilmarinen himself grasped the oars,
+and in a moment the vessel was moving through the waters at full speed,
+with old Wainamoinen at the helm.
+
+They had not gone far when they came to an island, and on the shore was
+a man working on a fishing-boat. As they drew nearer he looked up and
+hailed them, asking whither they were bound. Wainamoinen answered: 'O
+stupid Lemminkainen, dost thou not recognise us, and canst thou not
+guess whither we are bound?' Then Lemminkainen, for it was really he,
+said: 'I recognise you both now. It is Ilmarinen who is rowing, and thou
+art Wainamoinen. But tell me whither ye are sailing?'
+
+Then Wainamoinen told him that they were bound for Pohjola to capture
+the magic Sampo, and, on hearing this, Lemminkainen begged to go with
+them, saying that he would fight valiantly with them. So they took him
+on board, and the three great heroes sailed on their way. But before
+they had gone much farther, they came to a place where there were lovely
+maidens singing sweetly on the shore, but all around were hidden rocks
+and whirlpools, and their vessel was near sinking. But Lemminkainen knew
+the spell that would compel the maidens to calm the whirlpools, and to
+lead the ship in safety past all the hidden reefs out into open water
+again. And when Lemminkainen had sung this spell, old Wainamoinen was
+able to steer in safety through the foam-covered rocks and out into open
+water; but no sooner were they clear than the vessel stopped as suddenly
+as if she were anchored to the spot.
+
+Ilmarinen and Lemminkainen then plunged a long pole to the bottom of the
+waters, and strove to push the ship ahead, but it was impossible. Then
+Wainamoinen bade Lemminkainen look beneath the vessel to see what it was
+that stopped them, and they found that it was no hidden reef or
+sand-bar, but a mighty pike on whose shoulders the vessel had stuck
+fast. At Wainamoinen's order, Lemminkainen drew his sword and aimed a
+mighty blow at the monster, but he missed it and fell overboard. He was
+drawn out all dripping, and the others consoled him for his failure.
+Next Ilmarinen drew his sword and struck at the monster, but at the
+first blow his sword broke in pieces. At last Wainamoinen, reproaching
+the others for their feebleness, drew his magic sword, and with one
+thrust he impaled the monster on it. Then lifting the monster out of the
+water he cut him into pieces and let them fall on the water, and float
+in towards land.
+
+Thus the vessel was free at last. But the heroes were weary with their
+exertions, and so they rowed in to land, and there gathered up the
+fragments of the fish that had floated to the shore. Wainamoinen handed
+these pieces to the maidens who were with them in the vessel, and they
+prepared the most delicious feast from the pike, having enough and to
+spare for all on board. And they piled the bones in a heap on the rocks.
+
+Then Wainamoinen looked at the pile of bones, and after pondering deeply
+he said: 'Wondrous things may be made from these bones, if only I can
+find a skilful workman to carry out my designs and make the
+_kantele_.'[5] But no workman could be found who was wise enough to
+understand Wainamoinen's directions, for no one had ever heard of a
+_kantele_ before. At length old Wainamoinen saw that there was no one
+who could help him, and so he set to work himself. He made the arches of
+the harp from the pike's jawbones, and the pins that hold the strings he
+made from the teeth, and for the strings he took hairs from the tail of
+a magic steed.
+
+[5] A sort of harp that is sometimes used even now in Finland.
+Pronounced _kan´-tay-lay_. It usually has five strings.
+
+And at last the _first kantele_ was finished, and it was so beautiful
+that every one crowded round to look at it. When it was all ready
+Wainamoinen handed it to those around to try their skill, but they could
+only make discords whenever they touched it. Then Lemminkainen bade the
+others leave it to him, for _he_ would show them how to play upon it.
+But when he touched the strings it sounded worse than when any of the
+others had tried it. And after one and all had tried it, and found that
+it only gave forth discords, they proposed to throw it into the sea. But
+the harp said: 'I shall never perish in the sea, but will bring great
+joy to Kalevala. Put me in my maker's hands, and I will sing for him.'
+So they took it and laid it at the aged Wainamoinen's feet.
+
+Then the great magician took the wondrous kantele and rested it upon his
+knee. First he tuned it, tightening all the strings until they sounded
+sweetly together, and then he swept his hands across them, and a flood
+of wonderful melody poured forth from the kantele. And as the wondrous
+notes resounded in the air, every living thing that heard them stopped
+and listened. From the forests came the bears and ermines, and the
+wolves and lynxes. Even Tapio the forest-god drew near, with all his
+attendant spirits, enchanted by the magic sounds. From the sea the
+fishes came to the edge of the waters, and the sea-god Ahto with his
+water-spirits. The daughters of the Sun and Moon stopped their spinning
+on the clouds, and dropped their spindles, so that the threads were
+broken in two.
+
+For three whole days the magic kantele poured forth its melody beneath
+Wainamoinen's skilful fingers, until every one that heard it wept, and
+even the master-player himself was at last moved to tears by the power
+of his own playing. The bright teardrops flowed down his long beard and
+over his garments, and on over the earth in sparkling streams, until
+they were lost in the waters of the deep sea. And then the music ceased,
+and Wainamoinen laid the kantele aside and said: 'Is there any one here
+who can gather up my teardrops from the sea?' But all were silent, for
+they could not do it.
+
+But a raven came flying up and offered to attempt it, and Wainamoinen
+promised him the most beautiful plumage if he should succeed, but the
+raven tried and failed. Then came a duck, and Wainamoinen made it the
+same promise. And the duck swam off and dived down to the ocean's
+depths, and at length it had collected every teardrop and brought them
+to the great magician, but a wondrous change had taken place in them,
+for they were no longer tears, but the most beautiful pearls.
+
+Thus were pearls first created, and for this the blue duck received its
+lovely plumage.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'That is the loveliest story of all,' cried Mimi. 'How I wish I could
+have heard Wainamoinen's music! Was his kantele like the one pappa has
+up in the loft, Pappa Mikko? If it was, I wish pappa would play on
+ours.'
+
+'I expect they are just alike,' replied Father Mikko; 'and when your
+pappa's pappa was alive, I remember that he used to play on the kantele
+very sweetly, but there are not many in our land that can play the
+kantele now.'
+
+'Well,' said Mimi, with a sigh, 'I suppose there aren't, so you might as
+well tell us what Wainamoinen did next, Pappa Mikko, please.'
+
+And Father Mikko began again.
+
+[Illustration: A WATERFALL.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE CAPTURE OF THE SAMPO
+
+
+After the magic kantele was finished, the three great heroes and
+magicians sailed away again towards the dismal Northland. Ilmarinen led
+the rowers on one side of the ship, and Lemminkainen on the other, and
+old Wainamoinen steered. They soon reached Pohjola and landed near
+Louhi's house.
+
+When they had drawn their vessel up on land, they all went up to Louhi's
+house, and Wainamoinen told her that they were come for the Sampo; that
+if she would only give them the many-coloured lid they would go away
+content, but if not, they would take the whole Sampo by force. Then
+Louhi grew very angry and called together all the Northland warriors to
+slay them. But Wainamoinen began to play upon his kantele, and so
+wonderfully sweet were the tunes that he played, that the warriors
+forgot all about fighting and began to weep, and all the maidens of
+Pohjola began to dance. Still Wainamoinen played on and on, until a deep
+slumber came upon all the Northland folk. Then he ceased playing, and
+cast a powerful spell over them, so that they should not awake.
+
+When all the Pohjola folk were sound asleep the three great heroes went
+to the mountains to seek the magic Sampo. And as they went Wainamoinen
+played such wonderful music that the great cliffs opened before them,
+and left them an open road to where the Sampo lay hid. When they had
+come near the cavern in which the Sampo lay, they sent Lemminkainen to
+enter the cave and bring it out. He, boasting of his strength, went into
+the cavern, and seizing hold of the magic Sampo, he put forth all his
+strength to lift it up, but it remained immovable, for the roots had
+grown deep into the earth, and bound it down tightly.
+
+Then Lemminkainen remembered a huge ox that he had seen out in the
+fields, with horns seven fathoms long, and he went after it and hitched
+it to the biggest plough he could find, and began to plough all around
+the roots which held the Sampo down. And in a very short while the roots
+became loosened, and they were able to pick up the magic Sampo and
+carry it on board their vessel.
+
+As soon as it was safely on board they sailed away, leaving all the
+Pohjola folk sleeping. On they flew towards their homes in Kalevala; but
+Lemminkainen grew weary of the silence, and asked Wainamoinen why he
+would not sing to cheer them. But Wainamoinen answered that song would
+only disturb the rowers, and that it was best never to rejoice until all
+danger was past. At length, when they had gone three days on their
+journey, Lemminkainen grew angry at Wainamoinen's silence, and began to
+sing himself. But his voice sounded harsh and unmelodious, and it made
+the very ship tremble.
+
+Far off on the land a crane was standing amidst the rushes, amusing
+itself by counting its toes. But when it heard Lemminkainen's attempts
+at singing, it was so frightened that it flew off screaming over
+Pohjola, and by its screeching it awoke all the slumbering people. As
+soon as Louhi awoke she hurried off to her barns and cattle-pens to see
+if anything had been stolen, but she found everything all right. Next
+she hurried to the mountains, to the cavern where she had hidden the
+Sampo, but when she came there she found the cavern empty, and saw how
+her visitors had torn the Sampo loose from its fastenings.
+
+Then Louhi returned to her house pale with anger and fear, for she knew
+that if the Sampo were lost that all the prosperity of the Northland
+would be lost with it. So she called up the goddess of the fogs, and
+sent her out to delay Wainamoinen's vessel. And then she called on
+Iko-Turso--a wicked monster living in the depths of the sea--to swim to
+the ship and sink it, and to eat the men in it, but to bring back the
+Sampo to Pohjola once more. And she prayed, moreover, to great Ukko that
+if the sea-monster should not succeed, that Ukko himself would send a
+fearful tempest to wreck the vessel.
+
+First came the goddess of the fog, and wrapped them in such a thick mist
+that they could not move. Three days they lay so, and then Wainamoinen
+drew his sword, exclaiming: 'We shall all perish here in the fog if no
+attempt is made to drive it away,' and with these words he struck the
+waves with his sword. From the blade there flowed a stream of honey, and
+all at once the fog broke up, and left the way clear before them. But
+scarcely had the fog disappeared than they heard a mighty roaring sound,
+and the foam began to shoot up from the water alongside, and to cover
+the ship. Then Wainamoinen leaned over the vessel's side, and stretching
+out his arm he grasped something that he saw in the water, and pulled up
+the awful monster Iko-Turso. But the monster was so affrighted by being
+lifted out of the water that he promised to leave them in peace, and
+never to appear above the waters again if Wainamoinen would only release
+him. So Wainamoinen let him go, and the second danger was past.
+
+But now came the third and most terrible of all, for Ukko sent a mighty
+storm-wind, which lashed the waves into a fury, and stirred up the ocean
+to its very bottom. And at the very first pitch of the ship the magic
+kantele was swept overboard by the waves, and Ahto, the sea-god, caught
+it and carried it off to his home beneath the waves. Then Wainamoinen
+began to bewail the loss of his wonderful instrument; but as the storm
+grew worse, and tossed their ship about like a feather, all on board
+began to despair of ever reaching land alive. But Wainamoinen gave them
+comfort and courage, and he and Ilmarinen and Lemminkainen by their
+magic spells quietened the winds and the waves, and repaired the damage
+which the vessel had suffered from the storm. And then they went on
+their way in peace.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE SAMPO IS LOST IN THE SEA
+
+
+But when Louhi found that all her magic had failed, she assembled all
+her warriors, and embarked them in her largest ship, and herself sailed
+off to recapture the Sampo by force of arms. Before long they came in
+sight of Wainamoinen's vessel, and when he saw that Louhi was pursuing
+him with such a mighty host of warriors, he cried out to Ilmarinen and
+Lemminkainen to row with all their might, in order to escape from their
+pursuers. So all the rowers rowed until the vessel fairly trembled, and
+the foam was tossed up from the bow as high as the clouds, but still
+they could not gain on their pursuers.
+
+Then Wainamoinen saw that he must use some other means, so he took out a
+piece of flint from his tinder-box and dropped it into the water, saying
+as he did so: 'Rise up from the bottom of the sea into a mighty
+mountain, so that Louhi's ship may be dashed to pieces.' And suddenly a
+mountain of rock sprang up out of the water, and before Louhi could stop
+her ship it had hit upon the rocks and was wrecked.
+
+But Louhi was not to be outdone in magic, so she took the timbers of the
+ship and made from them a magic eagle, using the rudder for its tail and
+five sharp iron scythes for its talons. And on his wings and back she
+posted all her warriors, and then the magic eagle rose up into the air.
+It made one circle round the heavens, and then lit upon the mast of
+Wainamoinen's vessel, almost overturning it by its weight. Wainamoinen
+first prayed to Ukko for aid, and then he asked Louhi if she would
+consent now to divide the Sampo between them. But she scorned his offer,
+and the eagle made a swoop downward to pick up the Sampo in its talons.
+But Lemminkainen raised his sword, and no sooner had the eagle grasped
+the Sampo than he brought down his sword with such force that every
+talon was cut off but one.
+
+Then the eagle flew up on to the mast once more, and upbraided
+Lemminkainen because he had broken his promise to his mother that he
+would not go to war for sixty years. But Wainamoinen, believing that his
+last hour was come, took the rudder in his hand and struck the eagle
+such a mighty blow that all the warriors fell from its wings and back
+into the water. Then the eagle made one more swoop down upon the vessel,
+and, with the one talon it had left, it dragged the Sampo over the side
+of the ship so that it fell to the bottom of the ocean and was broken to
+pieces. And it is this that has brought so much wealth to the sea, for
+where the Sampo is there will always be wealth also. But a few pieces of
+the lid floated ashore to Kalevala, and it is therefore that our country
+has now the harvests that before that grew in the dismal Northland.
+
+But Louhi threatened Wainamoinen, saying: 'I will steal away thy silver
+moonlight and thy golden sunlight. I will send the frost and hail to
+kill thy crops, and will send the bear--Otso--from the forests to kill
+thy cattle and sheep. I will send upon thy people nine diseases, each
+one of them more fatal than the one before.' Then Wainamoinen replied:
+'No one from dismal Northland can harm us of Kalevala, Only Ukko rules
+the fate of peoples, and he will guard my crops from frost and hail, and
+my cattle from the bear, Otso. Thou mayst hide evil people in thy
+Northland caverns, but thou canst never steal the Sun and Moon, and all
+thy frosts and plagues and bears may turn against thyself.'
+
+And then Louhi departed to her home, weeping for the loss of the magic
+Sampo, and ever since that time there have been famines and poverty in
+gloomy Pohjola. But Wainamoinen and the other heroes returned home
+rejoicing, and on the shore they found fragments of the Sampo's lid.
+Then Wainamoinen prayed to Ukko to be merciful and kind to them, and to
+protect them from frost and hail and bears, and to let the golden light
+of the Moon and Sun shine for ever on the plains of Kalevala.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Ah!' said Erik, half smiling, 'it's a great pity that the whole Sampo
+didn't float ashore to our country, for perhaps then there would never
+have been any famines in our land at all,' and he sighed as he thought
+of some of the hard winters in years past.
+
+'All is in God's hands,' said Father Mikko reverently, 'and we must take
+both good and ill as they come to us--it is not for us to say what we
+would wish. Let us be thankful that even a part of the Sampo floated
+hither,' he added, smiling.
+
+There was a few moments' silence, and then Mimi asked what Wainamoinen
+had done about his lost kantele, so Father Mikko went on.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE BIRTH OF THE SECOND KANTELE
+
+
+When the heroes had returned home, and found the fragments of the Sampo
+on the shore, they wished to make merry over the good fortune which even
+these fragments were sure to bring, but Wainamoinen could not give them
+music, since the wondrous kantele had been lost in the sea. Then he bade
+Ilmarinen make a huge rake with copper teeth a hundred fathoms long and
+the handle a thousand fathoms, and when the rake was ready, Wainamoinen
+took it, and sailing out over the sea in a magic vessel that needed
+neither sails nor oars to move it, he raked over the whole bottom of the
+ocean. But he only raked up shells and seaweed, and found no trace of
+the kantele.
+
+Then Wainamoinen returned sadly home, saying: 'Never again shall I pour
+forth floods of music to the people of Kalevala from the magic strings
+of my kantele.' And driven on by his grief he left his house and went
+far off into the forest. As he wandered there he heard the birch-tree
+lamenting, and Wainamoinen asked the tree why it was unhappy when it had
+such lovely silver leaves and tassels. To this the birch-tree replied:
+'Thou thinkest that I am always happy, and that my leaves and tassels
+must always be whispering joy. But, alas! I am so weak and feeble, and
+must always stand alone without a word of sympathy. Others rejoice at
+the coming of the spring, but I am robbed of bark and tassels and tender
+twigs, and am cut up for firewood, and then in the winter time the frost
+and the cold biting winds kill my young shoots and strip me of my silver
+leaves and leave me cold and naked.'
+
+While the birch-tree was speaking, Wainamoinen's face began to brighten,
+and he finally exclaimed: 'Weep no more, good birch-tree, for I will
+turn thy grief into joy and make thee sing the most marvellous songs.'
+Having said this he set to work to make a new kantele, taking birch-wood
+for the framework. At length the frame was all ready, but he did not
+know of what to make the pegs. Suddenly he came upon a great oak-tree on
+which grew golden-coloured acorns, and on each acorn sat a sacred
+cuckoo singing its melody. So Wainamoinen took a piece of the oak and
+made the pegs from it.
+
+But the harp was not yet finished, for the five strings were still
+lacking. Then Wainamoinen journeyed on through the forest, until at
+length he came to where a forest-maiden was sitting on a mound and
+singing, and her long golden hair was falling loose over her shoulders.
+So Wainamoinen went up to her and begged her to give him some of her
+golden tresses, from which to weave the five strings for the kantele.
+And the maiden willingly gave up a portion of her golden hair, and from
+it Wainamoinen wove five strings, and at last the second kantele was
+complete. Then Wainamoinen sat down upon a rock and placed the kantele
+upon his knees, and after putting all the strings in tune he began to
+play. The fairy music resounded over hill and dale, until at length the
+very mountains began to dance with delight, and the rocks were rent in
+sunder and floated on the surface of the ocean. The trees of the forest,
+too, laughed with joy and began to dance about like children. The young
+men and maidens rejoiced as they listened to the music, and the
+gray-haired men and women were amazed, while the babies tried to crawl
+to where the sweet sounds came from.
+
+The magic music resounded far and wide over Kalevala, and all the wild
+beasts of the forest fell upon their knees in wonder, while the birds
+perched upon the trees about him and accompanied the music with their
+singing. The fish left their homes beneath the waters and crowded to the
+shore to listen. And everything in nature, from earth and air and water,
+came to listen to the magic sweetness of Wainamoinen's playing.
+
+Three days and more he played unceasing; playing in the houses of his
+people until their very beams rejoiced, and wandering through the
+forest, where the trees all bent in homage to him and waved their
+branches to his music. Then over the meadows, still playing, until the
+very ferns and flowers laughed with delight and the bushes chimed in in
+unison with the magic music of the kantele.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Oh! I'm so glad that he got another kantele,' cried little Mimi,
+delighted. 'And now what is coming next, Pappa Mikko?'
+
+'I shall tell you all of Louhi's attempt at revenge on the heroes who
+captured the Sampo,' he replied; 'and how they all failed, and then I
+shall wind up with the last story of all!'
+
+After having rested a while, the old man continued.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LOUHI ATTEMPTS REVENGE
+
+
+Louhi grew more and more angry and envious when she heard how prosperous
+and happy all the folk of Kalevala were, since the fragments of the
+Sampo had floated to their shore. So she pondered long in her evil
+heart, how she might send them sorrow and misfortune. Now just at that
+time the old witch Lowjatar, Tuoni's daughter, came to Louhi and asked
+for shelter from the storms and cold, and Louhi took her in and treated
+her like an honoured guest. And while Lowjatar was there, nine children
+were born to her, all horrible diseases, and she named them Colic,
+Fever, Plague, Pleurisy, Ulcer, Consumption, Gout, Sterility, and
+Cancer. And then Louhi's evil heart rejoiced, and she took the nine
+diseases and sent them into Kalevala, there to harass and kill
+Wainamoinen's people.
+
+And when the diseases came, every one in Kalevala, both young and old,
+fell ill of all sorts of illnesses, and Wainamoinen at first did not
+know whence all this evil had come. But soon by his magic power he
+learned that it came from the children of Tuoni's daughter, Lowjatar,
+and then he set to work to drive them away. First he took all those that
+were ill to the bath-houses, and then he brought buckets of water and
+heated blocks of stone until he had filled the whole room with warm
+steam. Then he prayed to Ukko to drive away all these diseases from
+them, and to send these evil spirits to Tuoni's kingdom, where they
+belonged.
+
+After Wainamoinen had prayed thus to Ukko, he took a magic balsam and
+rubbed it over all those that were ill, and sang magic spells over them,
+and then prayed once more to Ukko for success, and at length he drove
+out the nine diseases and saved his people from dying.
+
+When the nine diseases had been driven out of Kalevala, the news of
+Wainamoinen's victory over them came at length to the old witch Louhi,
+and she grew angrier than ever that her revenge had failed. But she
+pondered over what means of revenge she should try next, and at length
+she hit upon another plan. She went out into the forest and cast a magic
+spell upon the hugest bear in all the Northland--the great Otso[6]--and
+he hastened from his Pohjola home and began to kill the flocks and herds
+in Kalevala.
+
+[6] _Otso_ = bear.
+
+Then Wainamoinen hastened to Ilmarinen, and bade him make a
+triple-pointed spear with which to kill Otso. And when the spear was
+ready, Wainamoinen hastened off to the forest to find the bear, singing
+as he went, and calling upon the forest-god Tapio and his wife to grant
+him success in his hunt. He had not gone far before he heard his dog
+bark, and hurrying up to the spot he found Otso standing facing the dog
+and trying to snap him up, and before the bear perceived him,
+Wainamoinen was able to end Otso's life with a single thrust of his
+magic spear.
+
+When Otso was dead, Wainamoinen threw the body across his shoulder and
+hastened off home, singing songs of rejoicing as he went. And when he
+reached his house there was great rejoicing, and every one came out to
+welcome the dead bear, addressing it as if Otso were some honoured guest
+come to see them. First Wainamoinen sang a song of praise to the dead
+Otso, and bade his people welcome him with all due honour. And then the
+people answered with the most extravagant expressions of pleasure and
+welcome and admiration for Otso, and offered him all the best things in
+the house, and when all this ceremony was over they took off the fur and
+cut the body up ready for cooking, and prepared the steaks and joints to
+make a grand feast.
+
+At length the whole of the bear was cooked, and a great feast was spread
+in Wainamoinen's house on golden dishes, and with sparkling beer in
+copper beakers. And when all were seated at the table, Wainamoinen rose
+and sang the story of Otso's birth and life. And this is the story which
+he sang: 'Long ago a maiden walked in the ether on the edges of the
+clouds, and as she walked she threw down wool and hair upon the waters
+from two boxes that she carried. The wool and hair were floated in to
+the shore, and there Mielikki, wife of the forest-god, found them and
+joined the wool and hair together by magic spells. Then she laid the
+bundle in a birch-bark basket and bound it in the top of the lofty pine,
+and there the young bear was rocked into life.
+
+'Otso grew quickly and became graceful in his movements, although his
+feet were clumsy and his ankles crooked, his mouth large and forehead
+broad; but he still had no teeth or claws. Then Mielikki said: "I would
+give thee claws and teeth, Otso, but I fear that thou wilt use them to
+harm people with." But Otso fell on his knees and swore that he would
+never harm the good. So Mielikki took the hardest knots from all the
+trees to make him teeth and claws, but all of them were too weak. Then
+she went to a magic fir that grew in Tapio's kingdom, and which had
+silver branches and golden cones, and from these she made Otso's claws
+and teeth. Thus was Otso born and reared.'
+
+So they feasted and made merry, and when the feast was over they all
+tried to see which could pull out Otso's teeth and claws, in order to
+preserve them for their magic power. And of all the men there only the
+aged Wainamoinen could draw them out. When this was done, Wainamoinen
+called for his kantele and bade them light torches, as it was already
+dark. Then he sang sweet songs and played lovely music, so that the long
+evening passed away like magic, and he sang of the hunter's victory and
+prayed to Ukko always to give good fortune to the hunters of Kalevala.
+
+Thus were Louhi's two first attempts at revenge unsuccessful.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LOUHI STEALS THE SUN, THE MOON, AND FIRE
+
+
+When these two dangers were overcome, Wainamoinen played upon his
+kantele so sweetly that the Sun and Moon came down from their stations
+in the sky to listen to his music. But evil Louhi crept upon them
+unawares and made both Sun and Moon her captives, and carried them off
+to the dismal Northland, and there she hid them both in caverns in the
+mountains, that they might never again shine upon Kalevala. Next Louhi
+crept back to Kalevala and stole all the fire from the hearths, and left
+all their homes cold and cheerless. Then there was nothing but black
+night in the world, and great Ukko himself did not know what to do
+without the light of the Sun and Moon.
+
+Ukko wandered all over the clouds to find out what had become of the
+Sun and Moon, and at last he whirled his fire-sword round his head so
+that the lightning flashed over the whole sky. From this lightning he
+kindled a little fire, and putting it in a gold and silver cradle, he
+gave it to the Ether-maidens to rock and care for, until it grew into a
+second Sun. So the Fire-child was cared for tenderly, and he grew fast;
+but one day the maidens were not watching him closely, and he escaped
+from them, and bursting through the clouds with a noise like a
+thunder-clap, he shot across the heavens like a red fire-ball.
+
+Then Wainamoinen said to Ilmarinen: 'Come, let us see what this fire is
+that is fallen from the heavens.' And so they set out towards the spot
+where the ball of fire had seemed to fall. Soon they came to a wide
+river and set to work to make a magic boat to cross it, and in a very
+short time the boat was made, and they rowed over. On the other bank
+they were met by the oldest of the Ether-maidens, who asked them whither
+they were going.
+
+So they told her who they were, and that they had lost all fire and
+light in Kalevala, so that they were come to seek the fire that they had
+seen fall from the heavens. Then the Ether-maiden told them what had
+happened, saying: 'After the Fire-child had begun to grow, he escaped
+from us one day and bursting through the clouds he came down to
+Pohjola. There he killed youths and babes and old people, until he was
+driven away by a magic spell. He fled thence, burning fields and forests
+on his way, until at length he plunged into a great lake, and made the
+waters boil and rage. Then the fish held a council how to get rid of
+him, and it was decided that one of them must swallow him. First the
+salmon tried, but failed, and then the bold whiting made a dash and
+succeeded in swallowing the evil Fire-child. After this the waters of
+the lake grew quiet, and all went on as before.
+
+'But soon the whiting was seized with terrible pains and began to swim
+round in agony, begging for some one to kill him and put him out of his
+sufferings. For a long time he swam about unheeded, but at last a trout
+seized the whiting and swallowed him. For a while all was quiet again,
+but then the trout began to suffer in his turn. Still every fish was
+afraid to swallow him, until a pike darted up and ate up the trout. But
+then the pike was seized with the same pains, and he is now swimming
+about in great agony, but none will help him.'
+
+When the Ether-maiden had finished her account of what had happened,
+Wainamoinen and Ilmarinen wove a great net from seaweed, and hurrying to
+the lake they began to draw the net all through it in order to catch
+the Fire-fish. But the net was a poor one, and they failed to catch the
+pike that had swallowed the other fish and the Fire-child.
+
+Then the two magicians gave up their useless net, and, choosing an
+island near by, they resolved to plant flax that they might make a
+stronger and better net. They went to Tuoni's kingdom before they could
+find the proper seed, and found it there under the care of a tiny
+insect. When they had brought the seed from the Deathland, they planted
+it on the shore, in the ashes of a ship that had been burnt there, and
+in a single night the flax had grown up and ripened. Then they pulled
+it, and washed and dried and combed it, and took it to the Kalevala
+maidens to spin. Soon the spinning was done and the net was woven.
+
+So the two great heroes took the flaxen net and hastened back to the
+lake and began to drag for the Fire-fish. But they only caught common
+fish, and the pike remained hidden in the deep caverns. Then Wainamoinen
+made the net longer and wider and they tried again, but though they
+caught fish of every species, the Fire-fish was not amongst them.
+Wainamoinen then prayed to Ahto, god of the ocean, and his wife,
+Wellamo, that they would drive the Fire-fish into his nets. Scarcely
+had Wainamoinen finished speaking, when a little dwarf rose from the
+waters and offered to help them. They accepted the tiny man's aid, and
+while they drew their nets, the dwarf beat the waters with a magic pole
+and scared all the fish toward them. And as they drew, Wainamoinen sang
+a magic charm to bring the fish in still greater numbers.
+
+This time the net was full of pike, and they dragged it to the shore
+rejoicing, and among them they found the Fire-fish. So they threw the
+other fish back into the water, and Wainamoinen drew his knife and began
+to cut up the Fire-fish. Inside of the pike he found the trout, and
+inside of the trout the whiting, and on opening the whiting he came upon
+a ball of blue yarn. Wainamoinen quickly unwound the blue ball, and
+within that found a red ball, and when he had opened the red ball he
+came to the ball of fire in the middle.
+
+They pondered how they should get the fire to Kalevala, and at last
+Ilmarinen seized it in his hands to carry it off. But it singed
+Wainamoinen's beard and burned Ilmarinen's hands dreadfully, and then it
+jumped out of their reach and rolled off over field and forest, burning
+everything in its course. Wainamoinen hastened after it, and at length
+caught it hidden in a mass of punk-wood. Then he took it and put it,
+wood and all, in a copper box and hastened off home. Thus the fire
+returned to Kalevala.
+
+But Ilmarinen, suffering great agony from his burnt hands, hastened to
+the sea to lave them in the cool water. And he called up the ice and
+frost and snow to come and cool his parched hands, and, when all these
+proved insufficient, he called on great Ukko to send him some healing
+balm to take away the cruel torture. And Ukko granted his prayer and his
+hands were healed. Then Ilmarinen returned home and rejoiced to find
+that Wainamoinen had already brought the fire thither.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RESTORATION OF THE SUN AND MOON
+
+
+Though the Fire had been restored to Kalevala, still the golden Moon and
+the silver Sun were lost, and the frost came and killed the crops, and
+the cattle began to die of hunger. Every living thing felt sick and
+faint in the dark, dreary world. Then one of the maidens of Kalevala
+suggested to Ilmarinen to make a moon of gold and a sun of silver, and
+to hang them up in the heavens; so Ilmarinen set to work. While he was
+forging them, Wainamoinen came and asked what he was working at, and so
+Ilmarinen told him that he was going to make a new sun and moon. But
+Wainamoinen said: 'This is mere folly, for silver and gold will not
+shine like the sun and moon.' Still Ilmarinen worked on, and at length
+he had forged a moon of gold and a sun of silver, and hung them in
+their places in the sky. But they gave no light, as Wainamoinen had
+said.
+
+Then Wainamoinen determined to find out where the sun and moon had gone.
+So he cut three chips from an alder-tree, and laying them on the ground
+before him, he cast many magic spells over them. Then when all was
+ready, he asked the alder-chips to tell him truly where the sun and moon
+were hid. The alder-chips then answered, that they were hidden in the
+caverns of the mountains of Pohjola.
+
+No sooner had Wainamoinen heard this, than he made ready for a journey
+and started off for the dismal Northland. When he had travelled three
+days and was come to the borders of Pohjola, he found a wide river in
+the road and no boat to cross over in. So he built a huge fire on the
+shore, and soon such a dense column of smoke arose that Louhi sent some
+one to see what was the matter. But when Wainamoinen called to the
+messenger to bring him a boat, the man made no reply, but hurried back
+to Louhi and told her that it was Wainamoinen, who was coming to her
+house.
+
+Then Wainamoinen saw that he could never get across in that way, so he
+changed himself into a pike and swam over very easily, and then changed
+back to his own shape when he had reached the opposite shore. He
+hastened on with mighty strides, and soon reached Louhi's dwelling.
+There he was met as if he were a most honoured guest, and they invited
+him into the hall. Wainamoinen went in unsuspectingly, but no sooner was
+he inside than he found himself surrounded by crowds of armed warriors.
+
+The warriors asked him in a threatening tone why he had come thither.
+But Wainamoinen was not frightened, but answered boldly that he had come
+to seek the Sun and the Moon. Then the chief of the warriors replied:
+'We have the Sun and Moon safe in a mountain cavern, and thou shalt
+never get them back, nor shalt thou leave this hall alive.' No sooner
+had he finished speaking than Wainamoinen drew his magic sword, and fell
+upon those that stood between him and the door. They gave way before
+him, and in a moment he was out in the courtyard, where he could have
+room to fight fairly. All the warriors rushed at him with drawn swords
+and lifted spears, and the fire flashed from their weapons. But
+Wainamoinen was more than a match for all of them, and in a very short
+time he had stretched them all lifeless on the ground.
+
+Then he left the court and hastened on to find the Sun and Moon. Soon he
+came to a solitary birch-tree, and beside the tree stood a carved
+pillar of stone, which concealed an opening in the rocks. Wainamoinen
+gave three blows with his magic sword, and the pillar broke in pieces,
+showing behind it an entrance into the rock; but the entrance was shut
+by a massive door, and there was only a little crack through which he
+could peep. Inside he saw the Sun and Moon prisoners, but though he
+tried with all his strength and all his magic spells to open the door,
+it still remained tightly shut, and he could not budge it so much as an
+inch.
+
+Wainamoinen began to despair of ever succeeding in liberating the Sun
+and Moon, and he hastened off home to ask for Ilmarinen's help. He
+directed him to forge a whole set of skeleton-keys, so that some one of
+them would fit the lock of the door to the Sun's prison. Ilmarinen went
+to work and soon his anvil was ringing merrily to the blows of his
+hammer.
+
+Now Louhi had grown very much alarmed after Wainamoinen had slain all
+her warriors, and so she assumed the shape of an eagle and flew away to
+Kalevala to see what was going on there. She heard the merry ring of
+Ilmarinen's work and flew down and lit in the window of the smithy.
+There she asked what he was doing, and the cunning Ilmarinen replied: 'I
+am forging a collar of steel for the neck of evil Louhi, and with it I
+shall bind her fast to the rocks.'
+
+Louhi was terribly alarmed at this, so she flew off to Pohjola and
+released the Sun and Moon from prison immediately, and sent them up to
+their places in the heavens. Then the silver sunlight and the golden
+moonlight returned once more to Kalevala, and Ilmarinen, and
+Wainamoinen, and all the people offered up a prayer that they might
+never again be deprived of the blessed Sun and Moon.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'It would have served old Louhi right if Ilmarinen _had_ made a steel
+collar and put it round her neck,' said Mimi. 'But I'm so glad that
+Wainamoinen always got the best of it,' she added.
+
+'There was one time when he was defeated, however,' said Father Mikko,
+'and now I shall tell it you. It is the last story, and is about
+Wainamoinen's departure from Kalevala.' So he began.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+MARIATTA AND WAINAMOINEN'S DEPARTURE
+
+
+There lived a fair and lovely maiden in Kalevala, called Mariatta. She
+was the loveliest and purest of virgins, and tended her parents' flocks
+upon the mountain sides. Here one day, as she was watching the sheep,
+she heard a voice calling to her, and on looking round she found that it
+was a bright red berry calling to her, and asking her to pluck it.
+Mariatta did not know that this was a magic berry, so she picked it and
+put it to her lips to eat it. But the berry rolled from her lips down
+into her bosom, and said to her: 'Thou shalt have a son, and he shall
+become a mighty man and drive forth the old magician Wainamoinen.'
+
+Then Mariatta took the flocks home and was so silent and still that her
+parents noticed it and asked her what was the matter. So she told them
+what had happened, but they grew angry and would not keep her in their
+house, for they did not believe the story about the berry.
+
+Poor Mariatta was now obliged to wander about without a shelter from the
+cold winds. At length she sent a servant, who had remained faithful to
+her and had accompanied her, to a village of Pohjola to ask for shelter
+from an old man named Ruotus. The maid, Piltti, went to Ruotus and told
+him of Mariatta's hard lot, but Ruotus and his wife would not have her
+in their house, but only grudgingly consented to let her go to a stable
+in the forest, where the Fire-horse of Hisi was kept.
+
+So Mariatta was obliged to go to the stable in the dense forest far off
+from every human being, and there she begged the Hisi-horse to keep her
+warm by his fiery breath. The Hisi-horse was kinder to her than men had
+been, for he let her lie down comfortably in his manger, and kept her
+warm with his fiery breath. There the babe was born, and his mother grew
+happy once more, in spite of her sorrowful circumstances. But one night,
+while she slept, the babe disappeared, and the poor mother was
+overwhelmed with grief.
+
+Then she wandered forth and looked everywhere for him, but in vain. So
+she asked the North-star if he had seen her son. But the North-star
+answered: 'I would not tell thee even if I knew. For it is thy son who
+hath made me and set me here in the bitter cold.' And next Mariatta
+asked the Moon, and received the same answer as the North-star had
+given. Then she went to the Sun and asked him. And the Sun said: 'I know
+very well where thy son is hidden, for he made me and put me here to
+shine with my silver light. He lies sleeping yonder in the Swampland.'
+So Mariatta hastened to the spot that the Sun had pointed out and there
+found her babe sleeping peacefully in the water among the rushes.
+
+Then she returned with the babe to her father's house, and this time he
+received her and allowed her to live there in peace. And the child grew
+in beauty and wisdom, and his mother called him Flower, but others
+called him Son-of-Sorrow. Then his mother called in an old man,
+Wirokannas, to baptize the child, but Wirokannas said: 'First must some
+one see if the child shall become an honest man, or a wicked wizard, for
+if he be not honest I will not baptize him.'
+
+So Wainamoinen was called to examine the child--it was only two weeks
+old then--and see if it would grow up a noble man or not. Wainamoinen
+came and saw the child, and then said: 'Since this child is only a poor
+outcast, born in a manger, and having no father save a berry, let him be
+cast out on to the hillsides or into the marshes to perish.'
+
+But all at once the babe himself began to speak, saying: 'O aged
+Wainamoinen, foolish hero, thou hast given a false decision. Thou
+thyself hast done great wrongs, yet hast not been punished. Thou gavest
+thine own brother Ilmarinen to ransom thy poor life. Thou persecuted the
+lovely Aino so that she perished in the deep sea, yet thou wert not
+killed for all this.'
+
+Then Wirokannas saw that this was truly a magic babe, and he baptized
+him to become a mighty hero, and a ruler and king over Kalevala.
+
+Years passed by after this, and Wainamoinen felt his power gradually
+leaving him and going over to Mariatta's child. So the ancient hero,
+with a sad heart, sang his last magic spell in Kalevala, and made a
+magic boat of copper to sail away in. Then he cast loose from the shore
+and sailed off towards the west, singing as he went: 'Fare ye well, my
+people. Many suns shall rise and set on Kalevala until the people shall
+at length regret my absence and shall call upon me to come back with my
+magic songs and wisdom. Fare ye well.'
+
+Thus Wainamoinen, in his magic boat of copper, left Kalevala. On he
+sailed to the land of the setting sun, and at length he reached the
+haven and anchored his boat, never again to return to Kalevala. But the
+wondrous kantele and all his songs and wisdom remain among us to this
+day.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'And now,' said Father Mikko, 'I have told you my last story--old
+Wainamoinen has left Kalevala and the rule of the Christ-child has
+begun. Under it our land has advanced and grown comfortable and
+happy--let us only pray that we may never be less so.'
+
+They were all silent for some time, and then all of them thanked Father
+Mikko heartily for the pleasure that he had given them. Soon after this
+they had supper and went to bed, and the next morning Father Mikko drove
+off in his sledge, the moonlight covering all the country with a flood
+of silver, and soon he had disappeared into the dark and silent
+fir-forest; but not before he had promised them all that he would stop
+there again next year if possible.
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, _Edinburgh_
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A
+SELECTED LIST
+OF
+JUVENILE BOOKS
+
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s._
+
+CHILDREN'S STORIES IN ENGLISH LITERATURE, from Shakespeare to Tennyson.
+By H. C. WRIGHT.
+
+  "A genial book."--_Speaker._
+
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s._
+
+BOYS' OWN STORIES. By ASCOTT R. HOPE. 3rd Edition. Eight Illustrations.
+
+  "The stories are well told."--_Pall Mall Gazette._
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s._
+
+ROYAL YOUTHS: A Book of Princehoods. By ASCOTT R. HOPE. Illustrated.
+
+"Well told and full of interest."--_National Observer._
+
+
+_Large crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s._
+
+ROBINSON CRUSOE. Newly Edited after the original Editions. 19 full-page
+Illustrations.
+
+  "Gives an account of Defoe which is very much to the
+  point."--_Spectator._
+
+
+_Imperial 16mo, cloth extra, gilt edges, 3s. 6d._
+
+DICK'S HOLIDAYS, and What He Did with Them. Illustrated. Cheaper
+Edition.
+
+  "A volume for which every budding botanist who gets it has
+  good reason to be thankful."--_Pall Mall Gazette._
+
+
+_Small 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 3s. 6d._
+
+WHEN MOTHER WAS LITTLE. By S. P. YORKE. 13 full-page Illustrations.
+
+  "In all respects an agreeable and well-written
+  story."--_Spectator._
+
+_8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 6s._
+
+TWO LITTLE CONFEDERATES. By THOMAS NELSON PAGE. Illustrated.
+
+  "A delightful book."--_Saturday Review._
+
+
+_Medium 4to, paper boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+DADDY JAKE, the Runaway, and Other Stories. By JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS
+("Uncle Remus"). Illustrated.
+
+  "A fresh and delightful addition to those quaint and
+  laughable tales which have made the author of 'Uncle Remus'
+  loved and fancied wherever the English tongue is
+  spoken."--_Observer._
+
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s._
+
+SIX GIRLS: A Home Story. By FANNIE B. IRVING. Illustrated.
+
+  "Its interest is well sustained from first to
+  last."--_Scotsman._
+
+
+_Square Imperial 16mo, cloth, 5s._
+
+IN THE TIME OF ROSES: A Tale of Two Summers. By FLORENCE SCANNELL. 32
+Illustrations.
+
+  'A very successful book.'--_Academy._
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, bevelled boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+ALEXIS AND HIS FLOWERS. By BEATRIX CRESSWELL. Illustrated.
+
+  "The book is a very pleasant one--a nosegay of everlasting
+  blooms of fancy."--_Academy._
+
+
+_Square 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d._
+
+THE PRINCE OF THE HUNDRED SOUPS. By VERNON LEE. Illustrated.
+
+  "I devoured it from cover to cover with a new
+  zest."--_Truth._
+
+
+_Imperial 16mo, cloth, 3s. 6d._
+
+THE BIRD'S NEST, and Other Sermons for Children of all ages. By Rev. S.
+COX, D.D. 3rd Edition.
+
+  "Real honest preaching made fascinating and instructive by
+  an exquisite literary style."--_Methodist Times._
+
+
+_Small crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d._
+
+EVERY-DAY MIRACLES. By BEDFORD POLLARD. Illustrated.
+
+  "A work worthy of the highest praise."--_Graphic._
+
+
+_Imperial 16mo, cloth gilt, gilt edges, 3s. 6d._
+
+FAIRY TALES FROM BRENTANO. Told in English by KATE F. KROEKER. 3rd
+Edition.
+
+  "Welcome in the nursery. The translation has been very
+  cleverly accomplished."--_Academy._
+
+_Illustrated paper boards, 5s.; cloth, gilt edges, 6s._
+
+NEW FAIRY TALES FROM BRENTANO. By KATE F. KROEKER. 8 coloured
+Illustrations.
+
+  "I read the book with edification and delight."--_Truth._
+
+
+_Medium 4to, paper boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+THE BROWNIES: Their Book. By PALMER COX. 4th Edition. Illustrated.
+
+  "The Brownies are such prime favourites."--_Guardian._
+
+
+_Medium 4to, cloth, 6s._
+
+ANOTHER BROWNIE BOOK. By PALMER COX. Illustrated.
+
+  "The illustrations are perhaps even more mirthful than the
+  letterpress, but both are admirable."--_Morning Post._
+
+
+_4to, bevelled boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+MARJORIE AND HER PAPA: How they wrote a Story and made Pictures for it.
+A Book for Children.
+
+  "Altogether a book to be desired by and for
+  children."--_Spectator._
+
+
+
+
+"_The best of all children's Magazines._"
+
+SPECTATOR.
+
+_St. Nicholas For Young Folks._
+
+CONDUCTED BY
+MARY MAPES DODGE
+
+Price 1s. monthly.
+
+SUITABLE FOR
+
+CHILDREN OF BOTH SEXES,
+CHILDREN OF ALL AGES, and
+CHILDREN OF ALL SIZES.
+
+Each Part contains 80 pp. of interesting matter, illustrated by about 50
+high-class Engravings.
+
+_The Half-yearly Volumes, price 8s. each, are handsomely bound in red
+cloth, gilt._
+
+LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN,
+PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C.
+
++--------------------Transcriber's Note-----------------------+
+|                                                             |
+| Minor punctuation and printing errors have been corrected.  |
+|                                                             |
+| Spelling and hyphenation corrections:                       |
+|                                                             |
+| Page xiii     Wuvksi replaced with Wuoksi                   |
+| Page xv       pronunced changed to pronounced               |
+| Page 191      alway changed to always                       |
+|                                                             |
+| 1 occurrence of sheepskin changed to sheep-skin             |
+| 1 occurrence of bearksins changed to bear-skins             |
+| 1 occurrence of bluebirds changed to blue-birds             |
+| 1 occurrence of sea-weed changed to seaweed                 |
+| 1 occurrence of sea-shore changed to seashore               |
+| 1 occurrence of sea-gull changed to seagull                 |
+| 1 occurrence of snowshoes changed to snow-shoe              |
+|                                                             |
++-------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Finnish Legends for English Children, by R. Eivind
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+    <meta name="DC.Creator" content="R. Eivind" />
+    <meta name="DC.Title" content="Finnish Legends for English Children" />
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+
+Project Gutenberg's Finnish Legends for English Children, by R. Eivind
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Finnish Legends for English Children
+
+Author: R. Eivind
+
+Release Date: March 29, 2008 [EBook #24948]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FINNISH LEGENDS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Joe Longo and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<table width="450" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Title 1" border="1">
+  <col style="width:90%;" />
+  <tr>
+    <td align="left" style="border-bottom: 0;padding-top: 2em" >
+<p class="titleblockcr">THE CHILDREN'S<br />LIBRARY</p>
+<img src="images/illus-0a.jpg" width="210" height="140" alt="Snail" title="Snail" />
+   </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center" style="border-top: 0;border-bottom: 0">
+<p class="titleblockcr" style="margin: 4em 0 4em 0">FINNISH LEGENDS</p>
+   </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center" style="border-top: 0">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 158px;">
+<img src="images/illus-0c.jpg" width="158" height="163" alt="Witch &amp; Moon" title="Witch &amp; Moon" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 201px;">
+<img src="images/illus-0b.jpg" width="201" height="185" alt="Butterfly" title="Butterfly" />
+</div>
+   </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="nullbreak" />
+<h2><i>THE CHILDREN'S LIBRARY.</i></h2>
+<table width="400" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Title 3" border="0">
+  <col style="width:90%;" />
+  <tr>
+    <td align="left">
+<p style="line-height:1.6em">
+THE BROWN OWL.<br />
+THE CHINA CUP.<br />
+STORIES FROM FAIRYLAND.<br />
+TALES FROM THE MABINOGION.<br />
+THE STORY OF A PUPPET.<br />
+THE LITTLE PRINCESS.<br />
+IRISH FAIRY TALES.<br />
+AN ENCHANTED GARDEN.<br />
+LA BELLE NIVERNAISE.<br />
+THE FEATHER.<br />
+FINN AND HIS COMPANIONS.<br />
+NUTCRACKER AND MOUSE-KING.<br />
+THE PENTAMERONE.<br />
+FINNISH LEGENDS.<br />
+</p>
+   </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center">
+<p class="center">(<i>Others in the Press.</i>)</p>
+   </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 600px;">
+<a name="front" id="front" href="images/illus-front-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/illus-front.jpg" width="600" height="372" alt="FINNISH KOTA." title="FINNISH KOTA." />
+</a>
+<span class="caption">FINNISH KOTA.</span>
+</div>
+
+<table width="450" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Title 2" border="1">
+  <col style="width:90%;" />
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center">
+<br /><br />
+<p class="titleblockcr">FINNISH LEGENDS</p>
+<p class="titleblock" style="margin-top: 1em; font-size: 70%; margin-bottom: 1em">FOR</p>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size: large; margin-bottom: 3em">ENGLISH CHILDREN</p>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="margin-top: 3em; font-size: x-small;">BY</p>
+<p class="titleblock"
+   style="margin-top: 1em; color:red; margin-bottom: 3em; letter-spacing: 0.1em">R. EIVIND</p>
+<p class="titleblock" style="margin-top: 1em; font-size: 80%; margin-bottom: 4em"><i>SEVEN ILLUSTRATIONS</i></p>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size: 90%">LONDON</p>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size: 90%; color:red">T. FISHER UNWIN</p>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size: 90%; margin-bottom: 3em">1893</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="nullbreak" />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 106px;">
+<img src="images/illus-1.jpg" width="106" height="98" alt="T. Fisher Unwin Printer&#39;s Mark" title="T. Fisher Unwin Printer&#39;s Mark" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="null" />
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 323px;">
+<a href="images/hd-apples-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-apples.jpg" width="323" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>PREFACE</h2>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/t.jpg" alt="T" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_t">
+THE following stories cover almost all of the songs of the Kalevala, the
+epic of the Finnish people. They will lead the English child into a new
+region in the fairy world, yet one where he will recognise many an old
+friend in a new form. The very fact that they <i>do</i> open up a new portion
+of the world of the marvellous, will, it is hoped, render them all the
+more acceptable, and perhaps, when the child who reads them grows up to
+manhood, will inspire an actual interest in the race that has composed
+them.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>And this race and their land will repay study, for nowhere will one find
+a more beautiful land than Finland, nor a braver, truer, and more
+liberty-loving people than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">p. vi</a></span> the Finns, although, alas, their love for
+liberty may soon be reduced to an apparently hopeless longing for a lost
+ideal. For the iron hand of Russian despotism has already begun to close
+on Finland with its relentless grasp, and, in spite of former oaths and
+promises from the Russian Tsars, the future of Finland looks blacker and
+blacker as time goes on. Yet it is often the unforeseen that happens,
+and let us trust that this may be so in Finland's case, and that a
+brighter future may soon dawn, and the dark clouds that now are
+threatening may be once more dispersed.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>In these stories Mr. T. M. Crawford's metrical translation of the
+Kalevala has been quite closely followed, even to the adoption of his
+Anglicised, or rather Anglo-Swedish, forms for proper names, though in
+some instances the original Finnish form has been reverted to. This was
+done reluctantly, but the actual Finnish forms would seem formidable to
+children in many instances, and would probably be pronounced even
+farther from the original than as they are given here. It is to be
+hoped, moreover, that those who may now read these stories will later
+on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">p. vii</a></span> read an actual translation of the Kalevala, and this is an
+additional reason for adopting the terminology of the only English
+translation as yet made.<a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> A Finnish newspaper recently states that Mr. C. is now at
+work on an improved translation.</p></div>
+
+<p>As this book is only intended for children, it would be out of place to
+discuss the age, etc., of the Kalevala. Only it would seem proper to
+state, that while the incantations and some other portions of the text
+are certainly very old, some of them no doubt dating from a period prior
+to the separation of the Finns and Hungarians, yet, as Professor Yrj&ouml;
+Koskinen remarks, "The Kalevala in its present state is without doubt
+the work of the <i>Karelian</i> tribe of Finns, and probably dates from
+<i>after</i> their arrival in Northern and North-Western Russia." This will
+of itself largely justify the making <i>Kalevala</i> synonymous with the
+present <i>Finland</i>, <i>Pohjola</i> with the present Lapland, Karjala with the
+present <i>Karjala</i> (Anglice, <i>Karelia</i>) in South-Eastern Finland, etc.
+But even if this were not so, yet the advantage of such localisation in
+a book for children is of itself obvious.</p>
+
+<p>As the land and people with which the stories are concerned is so
+unknown to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">p. viii</a></span> English children, it has seemed best to have some sort of
+introduction and framework in which to present them, and therefore
+"Father Mikko" was chosen as the story-teller.</p>
+
+<p>If this little volume may in any degree awake some interest in the
+Finnish people its author will be amply satisfied, and its end will have
+been attained.</p>
+<div class="sigr">
+<p class="sigr">R. EIVIND.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="sigls">
+<i>April 1893.</i><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 336px;">
+<a href="images/hd-poppies-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-poppies.jpg" width="336" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a></div>
+
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<table border="0" width="70%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents" id="Table3">
+<col style="width:90%;" /><col style="width:10%;" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td> <td align="right" style="font-size: small">PAGE</td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Father Mikko</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch1">1</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The World's Creation and the Birth of Wainamoinen</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch2">8</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Planting of the Trees</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch3">11</a>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Wainamoinen and Youkahainen</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch4">15</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Aino's Fate</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch5">21</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Wainamoinen's Search for Aino</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch6">28</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Wainamoinen's Unlucky Journey</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch7">32</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Wainamoinen's Rescue</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch8">36</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Rainbow-Maiden</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch9">41</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Ilmarinen Forges the Sampo</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch10">50</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Lemminkainen and Kyllikki</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch11">59</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Kyllikki's Broken Vow</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch12">64</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">p. x</a></span>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Lemminkainen's Second Wooing</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch13">69</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Lemminkainen's Death</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch14">73</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Lemminkainen's Restoration</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch15">77</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Wainamoinen's Boat-Building</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch16">86</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Wainamoinen Finds the Lost Words</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch17">93</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Rival Suitors</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch18">99</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Ilmarinen's Wooing</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch19">106</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Brewing of Beer</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch20">111</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Ilmarinen's Wedding Feast</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch21">118</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Origin of the Serpent</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch22">124</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Unwelcome Guest</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch23">131</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Isle of Refuge</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch24">136</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Frost-Fiend</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch25">144</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Kullervo's Birth</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch26">151</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Kullervo and Ilmarinen's Wife</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch27">156</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Kullervo's Life and Death</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch28">160</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Ilmarinen's Bride of Gold</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch29">166</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Ilmarinen's Fruitless Wooing</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch30">170</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Wainamoinen's Expedition and the
+     Birth of the Kantele (Harp)</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch31">173</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Capture of the Sampo</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch32">181</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Sampo is Lost in the Sea</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch33">186</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">p. xi</a></span>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Birth of the Second Kantele</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch34">190</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Louhi Attempts Revenge</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch35">194</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Louhi Steals the Sun, the Moon, and
+      Fire</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch36">199</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">The Restoration of the Sun and Moon</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch37">205</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Mariatta and Wainamoinen's Departure</td> <td align="right"><a href="#ch38">210</a>
+</td>
+ </tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 331px;">
+<a href="images/hd-flora-1-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-1.jpg" width="331" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>TABLE OF PROPER NAMES<br />WITH PRONUNCIATION</h2>
+
+<table border="0" width="75%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Names" id="Table4">
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr><td align="left">
+<p><i>Ahti</i> (�ch&acute;-tee). Another name for Lemminkainen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ahto</i> (�ch&acute;-to). God of the sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ainikki</i> (�&euml;&acute;nik-kĕe). Sister of Lemminkainen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aino</i> (�&euml;&acute;no). Sister of Youkahainen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Annikki</i> (an&acute;-nÄ­k-kee). Sister of Ilmarinen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hisi</i> (hee&acute;-see). Evil spirit; also called Lempo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Iku Turso</i> (ee&acute;-koo-tūr&acute;-so). A sea-monster.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ilmarinen</i> (il&acute;-m�-ree&acute;-nĕn). The famous smith.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ilmatar</i> (il&acute;-mă-tar). A daughter of the ether, mother of Wainamoinen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Imatra</i> (ee&acute;-m�-tră). Celebrated waterfall on the river
+<ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'Wuvksi'">Wuoksi</ins>, near
+Viborg.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kalerwoinen</i> (kal&acute;-er-woi&acute;-nĕn) (<i>or</i> Kalervo). Father of Kullervo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kalevala</i> (k�&acute;-lay-v�&acute;-l�). The land of heroes. The home of the Finns.
+The name of the Finnish epic poem.</p>
+
+<p><i>Karjala</i> (kar&acute;-y�-l�). The home of a Finnish tribe&mdash;a portion of
+Finland (called also <i>Karelen</i> in Swedish).</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">p. xiv</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Kullervo</i> (kŭl&acute;-ler-v�). Slayer of the Rainbow-maiden.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kura</i> (kū&acute;-ra). Ahti's companion to the Northland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lakko</i> (l�k&acute;-ko). Ilmarinen's mother.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lemminkainen</i> (lĕm&acute;-min-k�&euml;&acute;-nēn). Also called <i>Ahti</i>. Son of <i>Lempo</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lempo</i> (lĕm&acute;-po). Same as <i>Hisi</i>; also the father of Lemminkainen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Louhi</i> (loo&acute;-chee). Mistress of Pohjola.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lowjatar</i> (low&acute;-y�-tar). Tuoni's daughter; mother of the nine diseases.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lylikki</i> (ly&acute;-lÄ­k-kee). Maker of <ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'snowshoes'">snow-shoes</ins> in Pohjola.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mana</i> (m�&acute;-n�). Also called Tuoni; god of death.</p>
+
+<p><i>Manala</i> (m�&acute;-n�-l�). Also called Tuonela; the abode of Mana; the
+Deathland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mariatta</i> (Mar&acute;-ĭat&acute;-tă). The virgin mother of Wainamoinen's conqueror.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mielikki</i> (meay&acute;-lÄ­k-kee). The forest-goddess.</p>
+
+<p><i>Osmotar</i> (os&acute;-m�-tar). The wise maiden who first made beer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Otso</i> (ot&acute;-s�). The bear.</p>
+
+<p><i>Piltti</i> (pilt&acute;-tee). Mariatta's maid-servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pohjola</i> (p�ch&acute;-y�-l�). The Northland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruotus</i> (rū-�&acute;-tŭs). A man who gives Mariatta shelter in his stable.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sampo</i> (s�m&acute;-p�). The magic mill forged by Ilmarinen, which brought
+wealth and happiness to its possessor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Suonetar</i> (sw�&acute;-nĕ-tăr). The goddess of the veins.</p>
+
+<p><i>Suoyatar</i> (sw�&acute;-yă-tăr). The mother of the serpent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tapio</i> (ta&acute;-pĕ-�). The forest-god.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">p. xv</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Tuonela</i> (tuo&acute;-nay-la). The abode of Tuoni; the Deathland; Manala.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tuonetar</i> (tuo&acute;-nay-tar). The goddess of Tuonela.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tuoni</i> (tuo&acute;-nee). The god of the Deathland; Mana.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ukko</i> (ūk&acute;-k(�). The greatest god of the Finns.</p>
+
+<p><i>Untamo</i> (ūn&acute;-t�-m�). Kalervo's brother.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wainamoinen</i> (w�&euml;&acute;-n�-moy&acute;-nĕn). The chief hero of the Kalevala; son of
+Kap&eacute;.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wipunen</i> (wĭ&acute;-pū-nen). The dead magician from whom Wainamoinen obtained
+the three lost words.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wirokannas</i> (wee&acute;-r�-kan&acute;-năs). The priest who baptized Mariatta's son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wuoksi</i> (wū�k&acute;-see). A river in South-Eastern Finland, connecting Lakes
+Saima and Ladoga.</p>
+
+<p><i>Youkahainen</i> (yoo&acute;-ka-ch�&euml;&acute;-nĕn). A great minstrel and magician of
+Pohjola.<br /><br /></p>
+</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align="left">
+<br /><br />
+<p><span class="smcap">Remarks</span>.&mdash;The Finnish <i>h</i> is
+<ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'pronunced'">pronounced</ins> as a guttural; nearly as Ger.
+<i>ch</i> in <i>ich</i>. This is represented by <i>ch</i> in the above list.</p>
+
+<p>Every vowel should be pronounced by itself&mdash;not run together so as to
+make a totally different resultant sound, <i>e.g.</i> <i>Aino</i> should be
+pronounced not <i>ī-n�</i>, but <i>�&acute;-ee-n�</i>, the <i>�</i> and <i>ee</i> being close
+together, with the greatest stress upon the <i>�</i>, etc.</p>
+
+<p><i>i</i> corresponds to English <i>y</i> in <i>year</i>.</p>
+</td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 323px;">
+<a href="images/hd-apples-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-apples.jpg" width="323" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a></div>
+
+<h2>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+
+<table border="0" width="70%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Illustrations" id="Table5">
+<col style="width:57.5%;" /><col style="width:27.5%;" /><col style="width:15%;" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Finnish Kota</td><td class="tim">&nbsp;</td><td align="right"><a href="#front"><i>Frontispiece</i></a></td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Sleighing in Finland</td><td class="tim"><i>Facing page</i></td><td align="right"><a href="#i2">7</a></td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Interior of Lapp Hut</td><td class="tim">"</td><td align="right"><a href="#i3">37</a></td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">A Lapland Wizard</td><td class="tim">"</td><td align="right"><a href="#i4">93</a></td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Lapp Women in Holiday Costume</td><td class="tim">"</td><td align="right"><a href="#i5">118</a></td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">Mimi in Holiday Dress</td><td class="tim">"</td><td align="right"><a href="#i6">151</a></td>
+ </tr>
+<tr>
+ <td class="tct">A Waterfall</td><td class="tim">"</td><td align="right"><a href="#i7">181</a></td>
+ </tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 324px;">
+<a  name="ch1" id="ch1" href="images/hd-flora-2-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-2.jpg" width="324" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a></div>
+
+<h2>FATHER MIKKO</h2>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/f.jpg" alt="F" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_f">
+FAR up in the ice-bound north, where the sun is almost invisible in
+winter, and where the summer nights are bright as day, there lies a land
+which we call Finland; but the people who live there call it <i>Suomenmaa</i>
+now, and long, long ago they used to call it <i>Kalevala</i> (which means the
+<i>land of heroes</i>). And north of Finland lies Lapland, which the Finns
+now call <i>Lappi</i>, but in the olden days they called it Pohjola (that is,
+<i>Northland</i>). There the night lasts for whole weeks and months about
+Christmas, and in the summer again they have no night at all for many
+weeks. For more than half the year their country is wrapped in snow and
+frost, and yet they are both of them a kind-hearted people, and among
+the most honest and truthful in the world.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">p. 2</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One dark winter's day an old man was driving in a sledge through the fir
+forest in the northern part of Finland. He was so well wrapped up in
+sheep-skin robes that he looked more like a huge bundle of rugs, with a
+cord round the middle, than anything else, and the great white
+sheep-skin cap which he wore hid all the upper part of his face, while
+the lower part was buried in the high collar of his coat. All one could
+see was a pair of bright blue eyes with frost-fringed eyelashes,
+blinking at the snow that was thrown up every now and then by his
+horse's feet.</p>
+
+<p>He was a travelling merchant from away up in the north-western part of
+Russia, and had been in southern Finland to sell his wares, at the
+winter fairs that are held every year in the Finnish towns and villages.
+Now he was on his way home, and had come up through Kuopio, and had got
+on past Kajana already, but now it had just begun to snow, and as the
+storm grew worse, he pressed on to reach the cabin of a friend who lived
+not far ahead; and he intended to stay there until the storm should
+subside and the weather be fit for travelling once more.</p>
+
+<p>It was not long before he reached the cabin, and getting out of his
+sledge slowly, being stiff from the cold and the cramped position, he
+knocked on the door with his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">p. 3</a></span> whip-handle. It was opened at once, and he
+was invited in without even waiting to see who it was, and was given the
+welcome that is always given in that country to a wearied traveller. But
+when he had taken his wraps off there was a general cry of recognition,
+and a second even more hearty welcome.</p>
+
+<p>'Welcome, Father Mikko!'</p>
+
+<p>'What good fortune has brought you hither?'</p>
+
+<p>'Come up to the fire,' and a chorus of cries from two little children,
+who greeted 'Pappa Mikko' with delight as an old and welcome
+acquaintance. Then the father of the family went out and attended to
+Father Mikko's horse and sledge, and in a few minutes was back again and
+joined the old man by the fire. Next his wife brought out the
+brandy-bottle and two glasses, and after her husband had filled them, he
+and Father Mikko drank each other's health very formally, for that is
+the first thing one must do when a guest comes in that country. You must
+touch your glass against your friend's, and say 'good health,' and
+raising it to your lips drink it straight off, and all the time you must
+look each other straight in the eyes.</p>
+
+<p>When this important formality was finished the four members of the
+family and Father Mikko made themselves comfortable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">p. 4</a></span> around the fire,
+and they began to ask him how things had prospered with him since they
+had seen him last, and to tell him about themselves&mdash;how Erik, the
+father of the family, had been sick, and the harvest had been extra good
+that year, and one of the cows had a calf, and all the things that
+happen to people in the country.</p>
+
+<p>And then he told them of what was going on in the towns where he had
+been, and how every one was beginning to get ready for Christmas. And he
+turned to the two little children and told them about the children in
+the towns&mdash;how they had had such a lovely time at 'Little Christmas,'<a name="FNanchor_2" id="FNanchor_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>
+at the house he was staying in. How the little ones had a tiny little
+tree with wee wax candles on it exactly like the big tree they were to
+have at Christmas, and how, when he left, all the children had begun to
+be impatient for Christmas Eve, with its presents and Christmas fish and
+porridge.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2" id="Footnote_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> A children's festival about one week before the real
+Christmas.</p></div>
+
+<p>After the old man had ended his account it was dinner-time, and they all
+ate with splendid appetites, while Father Mikko declared that the
+herring and potatoes and rye-bread and beer made a far better dinner
+than any he had had in the big cities in the south&mdash;not even in
+Helsingfors had he had a better. Then when dinner was over, and they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">p. 5</a></span>
+had all gathered round the fire again, little Mimi climbed up into
+'Pappa Mikko's' lap, and begged him to tell them '<i>all</i> the stories he
+had ever heard, from the very beginning of the world all the way down.'
+And her father and mother joined with her in her request, for in their
+land even the grown-up people have not become too grand to listen to
+stories. As for the little boy, Antero, he was too shy to say anything;
+but he was so much interested to hear 'Pappa Mikko' that he actually
+forgot to nibble away at a piece of candy which 'Pappa Mikko' had
+brought from St. Michel.</p>
+
+<p>The old man smiled, for he was always asked for stories wherever he
+went&mdash;he was a famous story-teller&mdash;and, stroking little Mimi's hair
+gently, he looked at the group around the fire before replying. There
+was Erik, the father, a broad-shouldered man, with a dark,
+weather-beaten face and rather a sad look, as so many of his countrymen
+have. His face showed that his struggle in the world had not been easy,
+for he had to be working from the time he got up until he went to bed;
+and then when the harvest had been bad, and the winter much longer than
+usual, and everything seemed to go wrong&mdash;ah! it was so hard then to see
+the mother and the little ones have only bark-bread to eat, and not
+always enough<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">p. 6</a></span> of that, and one winter they had had nothing else for
+months. Erik wouldn't have minded for himself, but for them ...! Ah
+well, that was all over now; he had been able at last to save up a
+little sum of money, and the harvests were extra good this year, and he
+had bought Mother Stina a cloak for Christmas! Just think of it&mdash;a fine
+cloak, all the way from the fair at Kuopio!</p>
+
+<p>And next to Erik sat his wife Stina, a short, fat little woman, with
+such a merry face and happy-looking eyes that you could hardly believe
+that she had lived on anything but the best herring and potatoes and
+rye-bread all her life. Close by her side was her little boy Antero, who
+was only seven years old, and in his eagerness for the stories to
+commence he still held his piece of candy in his hand without tasting
+it.</p>
+
+<p>Then there was little Mimi in Father Mikko's lap. She was nearly ten
+years old, and was not a pretty little girl; but she had very lovely
+soft brown eyes and curly flaxen hair, and a quiet, demure manner of her
+own, and her mother declared that when she grew up she would be able to
+spin and weave and cook better than any other girl in the parish, and
+that the young man that should get her Mimi for a wife would get a real
+treasure.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<a name="i2" id="i2" href="images/illus-2-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/illus-2.jpg" width="600" height="395" alt="SLEIGHING IN FINLAND." title="SLEIGHING IN FINLAND." />
+</a>
+<span class="caption">SLEIGHING IN FINLAND.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>And lastly, there was Father Mikko himself, an old man over sixty, yet
+strong and <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">p. 7</a></span>hearty, with a long gray beard and gray hair, and eyes
+that fairly twinkled with good humour. You could hardly see his mouth
+for his beard and moustache, and certainly his nose <i>was</i> a little too
+small and turned up at the end to be exactly handsome, and his
+cheek-bones <i>did</i> stand out a little too high; but yet everybody, young
+and old, liked him, and his famous stories made him a welcome guest
+wherever he came.</p>
+
+<p>So Father Mikko lit his queer little pipe, and settled down comfortably
+with Mimi in his lap, and a glass of beer at his side to refresh himself
+with when he grew weary of talking. There was only the firelight in the
+room, and as the flames roared up the chimney they cast a warm, cosy
+light over the whole room, and made them all feel so comfortable that
+they thanked God in their hearts in their simple way, because they had
+so many blessings and comforts when such a storm was raging outside that
+it shook the house and drifted the snow up higher than the doors and
+windows.</p>
+
+<p>Then Father Mikko began, and this is the first story that he told them.</p>
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+<!-- <p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">p. 8</a></span></p>-->
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 326px;">
+<a  name="ch2" id="ch2" href="images/hd-flora-3-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-3.jpg" width="326" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE WORLD'S CREATION AND THE BIRTH OF WAINAMOINEN</h2>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/l.jpg" alt="L" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_l">
+LONG, long ago, before this world was made, there lived a lovely maiden
+called Ilmatar, the daughter of the Ether. She lived in the air&mdash;there
+were only air and water then&mdash;but at length she grew tired of always
+being in the air, and came down and floated on the surface of the water.
+Suddenly, as she lay there, there came a mighty storm-wind, and poor
+Ilmatar was tossed about helplessly on the waves, until at length the
+wind died down and the waves became still, and Ilmatar, worn out by the
+violence of the tempest, sank beneath the waters.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then a magic spell overpowered her, and she swam on and on vainly
+seeking to rise above the waters, but always unable to do so. Seven
+hundred long weary years she swam thus, until one day she could not bear
+it any longer, and cried out: 'Woe is me<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">p. 9</a></span> that I have fallen from my
+happy home in the air, and cannot now rise above the surface of the
+waters. O great Ukko,<a name="FNanchor_3" id="FNanchor_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> ruler of the skies, come and aid me in my
+sorrow!'</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3" id="Footnote_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> The chief god of the Finns before they became Christians.</p></div>
+
+<p>No sooner had she ended her appeal to Ukko than a lovely duck flew down
+out of the sky, and hovered over the waters looking for a place to
+alight; but it found none. Then Ilmatar raised her knees above the
+water, so that the duck might rest upon them; and no sooner did the duck
+spy them than it flew towards them and, without even stopping to rest,
+began to build a nest upon them.</p>
+
+<p>When the nest was finished, the duck laid in it six golden eggs, and a
+seventh of iron, and sat upon them to hatch them. Three days the duck
+sat on the eggs, and all the while the water around Ilmatar's knees grew
+hotter and hotter, and her knees began to burn as if they were on fire.
+The pain was so great that it caused her to tremble all over, and her
+quivering shook the nest off her knees, and the eggs all fell to the
+bottom of the ocean and broke in pieces. But these pieces came together
+into two parts and grew to a huge size, and the upper one became the
+arched heavens above us, and the lower one our world itself. From the
+white part of the egg came the moonbeams, and from the yolk the bright
+sunshine.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">p. 10</a></span></p>
+
+<p>At last the unfortunate Ilmatar was able to raise her head out of the
+waters, and she then began to create the land. Wherever she put her hand
+there arose a lovely hill, and where she stepped she made a lake. Where
+she dived below the surface are the deep places of the ocean, where she
+turned her head towards the land there grew deep bays and inlets, and
+where she floated on her back she made the hidden rocks and reefs where
+so many ships and lives have been lost. Thus the islands and the rocks
+and the firm land were created.</p>
+
+<p>After the land was made Wainamoinen was born, but he was not born a
+child, but a full-grown man, full of wisdom and magic power. For seven
+whole years he swam about in the ocean, and in the eighth he left the
+water and stepped upon the dry land. Thus was the birth of Wainamoinen,
+the wonderful magician.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>'Ah!' said little Mimi, with a sigh of relief, 'I was afraid you weren't
+going to tell us about Wainamoinen at all.'</p>
+
+<p>And then Father Mikko went on again.</p>
+<!-- <p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">p. 11</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 324px;">
+<a name="ch3" id="ch3" href="images/hd-flora-4-180-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-4-180.jpg" width="324" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE PLANTING OF THE TREES</h2>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/w.jpg" alt="W" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_w">WAINAMOINEN lived for many years upon the island on which he had first
+landed from the sea, pondering how he should plant the trees and make
+the mighty forests grow. At length he thought of Sampsa, the first-born
+son of the plains, and he sent for him to do the sowing. So Sampsa came
+and scattered abroad the seeds of all the trees and plants that are now
+on the earth,&mdash;firs and pine-trees on the hills, alders, lindens, and
+willows in the lowlands, and bushes and hawthorn in the secluded nooks.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Soon all the trees had grown up and become great forests, and the
+hawthorns were covered with berries. Only the acorn lay quiet in the
+ground and refused to sprout. Wainamoinen watched seven days and nights
+to see if it would begin to grow, but it lay perfectly still. Just then
+he saw ocean<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">p. 12</a></span> maidens on the shore, cutting grass and raking it into
+heaps. And as he watched them there came a great giant out of the sea
+and pressed the heaps into such tight bundles that the grass caught fire
+and burnt to ashes. Then the giant took an acorn and planted it in the
+ashes, and almost instantly it began to sprout, and a tree shot up and
+grew and grew until it became a mighty oak, whose top was far above the
+clouds, and whose branches shut out the light of the Sun and the Moon
+and the stars.</p>
+
+<p>When Wainamoinen saw how the oak had shut off all the light from the
+earth, he was as deeply perplexed how to get rid of it, as he had been
+before to make it grow. So he prayed to his mother Ilmatar to grant him
+power to overthrow this mighty tree, so that the sun might shine once
+more on the plains of Kalevala.</p>
+
+<p>No sooner had he asked Ilmatar for help than there stepped out of the
+sea a tiny man no bigger than one's finger, dressed in cap, gloves, and
+clothes of copper, and carrying a small copper hatchet in his belt.
+Wainamoinen asked him who he was, and the tiny man replied: 'I am a
+mighty ocean-hero, and am come to cut down the oak-tree.' But
+Wainamoinen began to laugh at the idea of so little a man being able to
+cut down so huge a tree.</p>
+
+<p>But even while Wainamoinen was laugh<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">p. 13</a></span>ing, the dwarf grew all at once
+into a great giant, whose head was higher than the clouds, and whose
+long beard fell down to his knees. The giant began to whet his axe on a
+huge piece of rock, and before he had finished he had worn out six
+blocks of the hardest rock and seven of the softest sandstone. Then he
+strode up to the tree and began to cut it down. When the third blow had
+fallen the fire flew from his axe and from the tree; and before he had
+time to strike a fourth blow, the tree tottered and fell, covering the
+whole earth, north, south, east, and west, with broken fragments. And
+those who picked up pieces of the branches received good fortune; those
+who found pieces of the top became mighty magicians; and those who found
+the leaves gained lasting happiness.</p>
+
+<p>And then the sunlight came once more to Kalevala, and all things grew
+and flourished, only the barley had not yet been planted. Now
+Wainamoinen had found seven magic barley-grains as he was wandering on
+the seashore one day, and he took these and was about to plant them; but
+the titmouse stopped him, saying: 'The magic barley will not grow unless
+thou first cut down and burn the forest, and then plant the seeds in the
+wood-ashes.'</p>
+
+<p>So Wainamoinen cut down the trees as the titmouse had said, only he
+left<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">p. 14</a></span> the birch-trees standing. After all the rest were cut down an
+eagle flew down, and, alighting on a birch-tree, asked why all the
+others had been destroyed, but the birches left. And Wainamoinen
+answered that he had left them for the birds to build their nests on,
+and for the eagle to rest on, and for the sacred cuckoo to sit in and
+sing. The eagle was so pleased at this that he kindled a fire amongst
+the other trees for Wainamoinen, and they were all burnt except the
+birches.</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen then brought forth the seven magic barley-seeds from his
+skin-pouch, and sowed them in the ashes, and as he sowed he prayed to
+great Ukko to send warm rains from the south to make the seeds sprout.
+And the rain came, and the barley grew so fast that in seven days the
+crop was almost ripe.</p>
+<!-- <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">p. 15</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 330px;">
+<a name="ch4" id="ch4" href="images/hd-pears-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-pears.jpg" width="330" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>WAINAMOINEN AND YOUKAHAINEN</h2>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/t.jpg" alt="T" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_t">THUS Wainamoinen finished his labours and began to lead a happy life on
+the plains of Kalevala. He passed his evenings singing of the deeds of
+days gone by and stories of the creation, until his fame as a great
+singer spread far and wide in all directions.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>At this time, far off in the dismal Northland, there lived a young and
+famous singer and magician named Youkahainen. He was sitting one day at
+a feast with his friends, when some one came and told about the famous
+singer Wainamoinen, and how he was a sweeter singer and a more powerful
+magician than any one else in the world. This filled Youkahainen's heart
+with envy, and he vowed to hasten off to the south and to enter into a
+contest with Wainamoinen to see if he could not beat him.</p>
+
+<p>His mother tried to persuade him not to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">p. 16</a></span> go, but in vain, and he made
+ready for the journey, declaring that he would sing such magic songs as
+would turn old Wainamoinen into stone. Then he brought out his noble
+steed and harnessed him to a golden sledge, and then jumping in, he gave
+the steed a cut with his pearl-handled whip, and dashed off towards
+Kalevala. On the evening of the third day he drew near to Wainamoinen's
+home, and there he met Wainamoinen himself driving along the highway.</p>
+
+<p>Now Youkahainen was too proud to turn out of the road for any one, and
+so their sledges dashed together and were smashed to pieces, and the
+harnesses became all twisted up together. Then Wainamoinen said: 'Who
+art thou, O foolish youth, that thou drivest so badly that thou hast run
+into my sledge and broken it to pieces?' And Youkahainen answered
+proudly: 'I am Youkahainen, and have come hither to beat the old
+magician Wainamoinen in singing and in magic.'</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen then told him who he was, and accepted the challenge, and so
+the contest began. But Youkahainen soon found that he was no match for
+his opponent, and at length he cried out in anger: 'If I cannot beat
+thee at singing and in magic, at least I can conquer thee with my bright
+sword.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">p. 17</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen answered that he would not fight so weak an opponent, and
+then Youkahainen declared that he was a coward and afraid to fight. At
+last these taunts made Wainamoinen so angry that he could not restrain
+himself any longer, and he began to sing. He sang such wondrous spells
+that the mountains and the rocks began to tremble, and the sea was
+upheaved as if by a great storm. Youkahainen stood transfixed, and as
+Wainamoinen went on singing his sledge was changed to brushwood and the
+reins to willow branches, the pearl-handled whip became a reed, and his
+steed was transformed into a rock in the water, and all the harness into
+seaweed. And still the old magician sang his magic spells, and
+Youkahainen's gaily-painted bow became a rainbow in the sky, his
+feathered arrows flew away as hawks and eagles, and his dog was turned
+to a stone at his feet. His cap turned into a curling mist, his clothing
+into white clouds, and his jewel-set girdle into stars.</p>
+
+<p>And at length the spell began to take effect on Youkahainen himself.
+Slowly, slowly he felt himself sinking into a quicksand, and all his
+struggles to escape were in vain. When he had sunk up to his waist he
+began to beg for mercy, and cried out: 'O great Wainamoinen, thou art
+the greatest of all magicians. Release me, I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">p. 18</a></span> beg, from this quicksand,
+and I will give thee two magic bows. One is so strong that only the very
+strongest men can draw it, and the other a child can shoot.'</p>
+
+<p>But Wainamoinen refused the bows and sank Youkahainen still deeper. And
+as he sank, Youkahainen kept begging for mercy, and offering first two
+magic boats, and then two magic steeds that could carry any burden, and
+finally all his gold and silver and his harvests, but Wainamoinen would
+not even listen to him. At length Youkahainen had sunk so far that his
+mouth began to be filled with water and mud, and he cried out as a last
+hope: 'O mighty Wainamoinen, if thou wilt release me I will give thee my
+sister Aino as thy bride.'</p>
+
+<p>This was the ransom that Wainamoinen had been waiting for, for Aino was
+famous for her beauty and loveliness of character, and so he released
+poor Youkahainen and gave him back his sledge and everything just as it
+had been before. And when it was all ready Youkahainen jumped into it
+and drove off home without saying a word.</p>
+
+<p>When he reached home he drove so carelessly that his sledge was broken
+to pieces against the gate-posts, and he left the broken sledge there
+and walked straight into the house with hanging head, and at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">p. 19</a></span> first
+would not answer any of his family's questions. At length he said:
+'Dearest mother, there is cause enough for my grief, for I have had to
+promise the aged Wainamoinen my dear sister Aino as his bride.' But his
+mother arose joyfully and clapped her hands and said: 'That is no reason
+to be sad, my dear son, for I have longed for many years that this very
+thing should happen&mdash;that Aino should have so brave and wise a husband
+as Wainamoinen.'</p>
+
+<p>So the mother told the news to Aino, but when she heard it she wept for
+three whole days and nights and refused to be comforted, saying to her
+mother: 'Why should this great sorrow come to me, dear mother, for now I
+shall no longer be able to adorn my golden hair with jewels, but must
+hide it all beneath the ugly cap that wives have to wear. All the golden
+sunshine and the silver moonlight will go from my life.'</p>
+
+<p>But her mother tried to comfort her by telling her that the sun and moon
+would shine even more brightly in her new home than in her old, and that
+Kalevala was a land of flowers.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>'I think Aino was very stupid not to want to leave that horrid Lapland,'
+said Mimi; 'but then I suppose she didn't know<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">p. 20</a></span> what a beautiful country
+ours is,' she added thoughtfully.</p>
+
+<p>Here Antero, who only cared for the stories, mustered up enough courage
+to ask Pappa Mikko to go on, which the old man did at once.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">p. 21</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 325px;">
+<a name="ch5" id="ch5" href="images/hd-cherries-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-cherries.jpg" width="325" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>AINO'S FATE</h2>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/t.jpg" alt="T" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_t">THE next morning the lovely Aino went early to the forest to gather
+birch shoots and tassels. After she had finished gathering them she
+hastened off towards home, but as she was going along the path near the
+border of the woods she met Wainamoinen, who began thus:</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>'Aino, fairest maid of the north, do not wear thy gold and pearls for
+others, but only for me; wear for me alone thy golden tresses.'</p>
+
+<p>'Not for thee,' Aino replied, 'nor for others either, will I wear my
+jewels. I need them no longer; I would rather wear the plainest clothing
+and live upon a crust of bread, if only I might live for ever with my
+mother.'</p>
+
+<p>And as she said this she tore off her jewels and the ribbons from her
+hair, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">p. 22</a></span> threw them from her into the bushes, and then she hurried
+home, weeping. At the door of the dairy sat her mother, skimming milk.
+When she saw Aino weeping she asked her what it was that troubled her.
+Aino, in reply, told her all that had happened in the forest, and how
+she had thrown away from her all her ornaments.</p>
+
+<p>Her mother, to comfort her, told her to go to a hill-top near by and
+open the storehouse there, and there in the largest room, in the largest
+box in that room, she would find six golden girdles and seven
+rainbow-tinted dresses, made by the daughters of the Moon and of the
+Sun. 'When I was young,' her mother said, 'I was out upon the hills one
+day seeking berries. And by chance I overheard the daughters of the Sun
+and Moon as they were weaving and spinning upon the borders of the
+clouds above the fir-forest. I went nearer to them, and crept up on a
+hill within speaking distance of them. Then I began to beseech them,
+saying: "Give some of your silver, lovely daughters of the Moon, to a
+poor but worthy maid; and I beg you, daughters of the Sun, give me some
+of your gold." And then the Moon's daughters gave me silver from their
+treasure, and the Sun's daughters gave me gold that I might adorn my
+hair and forehead. I hastened joyfully home with my treasures to my
+mother's house,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">p. 23</a></span> and for three days I wore them. Then I took them off
+and laid them in boxes, and I have never seen them since. But now, my
+daughter, go and adorn thyself with gold and silk ribbons; put a
+necklace of pearls around thy neck, and a golden cross upon thy bosom;
+dress thyself in pure white linen; put on the richest frock that is
+there and tie it with a belt of gold; put silk stockings on thy feet and
+the finest of shoes. Then come back to us that we may admire thee, for
+thou wilt be more beautiful than the sunlight, more lovely than the
+moonbeams.'</p>
+
+<p>But Aino would not be consoled, and kept on weeping. 'How happy I was in
+my childhood,' she sang, 'when I used to roam the fields and gather
+flowers, but now my heart is full of grief and all my life is filled
+with darkness. It would have been better for me if I had died a
+child;&mdash;then my mother would have wept a little, and my father and
+sisters and brothers mourned a little while, and then all their sorrow
+would have been ended.'</p>
+
+<p>Aino wept for three days more, and then her mother once more asked her
+why she wept so, and Aino replied: 'I weep, O mother, because thou hast
+promised me to the aged Wainamoinen, to be his comforter and caretaker
+in his old age. Far better if thou hadst sent me to the bottom of the
+sea,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">p. 24</a></span> to live with the fishes and to become a mermaid and ride on the
+waves. This had been far better than to be an old man's slave and
+darling.'</p>
+
+<p>When she had said this she left her mother and hastened to the
+storehouse on the hill. There she opened the largest box and took off
+six lids, and at the bottom found six golden belts and seven silk
+dresses. She chose the best of all the treasures there and adorned
+herself like a queen, with rings and jewels and gold ornaments of every
+sort.</p>
+
+<p>When she was fully arrayed she left the storehouse and wandered over
+fields and meadows and on through the dim and gloomy fir-forest, singing
+as she went: 'Woe is me, poor broken-hearted Aino! My grief is so heavy
+that I can no longer live. I must leave this earth and go to Manala, the
+country of departed spirits. Father, mother, brothers, sisters, weep for
+me no longer, for I am going to live beneath the sea, in the lovely
+grottos, on a couch of sea-moss.'</p>
+
+<p>For three long weary days Aino wandered, and as the cold night came on
+she at last reached the seashore. There she sank down, weary, on a rock,
+and sat there alone in the black night, listening to the solemn music of
+the wind and the waves, as they sang her funeral melody. When at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">p. 25</a></span> last
+the day dawned Aino beheld three water-maidens sitting on a rock by the
+sea. She hastened to them, weeping, and then began to take off all her
+ornaments and lay them carefully away. When at length she had laid all
+her gold and silver decorations on the ground, she took the ribbons from
+her hair and hung them in a tree, and then laid her silken dress over
+one of the branches and plunged into the sea. At a distance she saw a
+lovely rock of all the colours of the rainbow, shining in the golden
+sunlight. She swam up and climbed upon it to rest. But suddenly the rock
+began to sway, and with a loud crash it fell to the bottom of the sea,
+carrying with it the unhappy Aino. And as she sank down she sang a last
+sad farewell to all her dear ones at home&mdash;a song that was so sweet and
+mournful that the wild beasts heard it, and were so touched by it that
+they resolved to send a messenger to tell her parents what had happened.</p>
+
+<p>So the animals held a council, and first the bear was proposed as
+messenger, but they were afraid he would eat the cattle. Next came the
+wolf, but they feared that he might eat the sheep. Then the fox was
+proposed, but then he might eat the chickens. So at length the hare was
+chosen to bear the sad tidings, and he promised to perform his office
+faithfully.</p>
+
+<p>He ran like the wind, and soon reached<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">p. 26</a></span> Aino's home. There he found no
+one in the house, but on going to the door of the bath-cabin he found
+some servants there making birch brooms. They had no sooner caught sight
+of him than they threatened to roast him and eat him, but he replied:
+'Do not think I have come hither to let you roast me. For I come with
+sad tidings to tell you of the flight of Aino and how she died. The
+rainbow-coloured stone sank with her to the bottom of the sea, and she
+perished, singing like a lovely song-bird. There she sleeps in the
+caverns at the bottom of the sea, and on the shore she has left her
+silken dress and all her gold and jewels.'</p>
+
+<p>When these tidings came to her mother the bitter tears poured from her
+eyes, and she sang, 'O all other mothers, listen: never try to force
+your daughters from the house they long to stay in, unto husbands whom
+they love not. Thus I drove away my daughter, Aino, fairest in the
+Northland.'</p>
+
+<p>Singing thus she sat and wept, and the tears trickled down until they
+reached her shoes, and began to flow out over the ground. Here they
+formed three little streams, which flowed on and grew larger and larger
+until they became roaring torrents, and in each torrent was a great
+waterfall. And in the midst of the waterfalls rose three huge rocky<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">p. 27</a></span>
+pillars, and on the rocks were three green hills, and on each of the
+hills was a birch-tree, and on each tree sat a cuckoo. And all three
+sang together. And the first one sang 'Love! O Love!' for three whole
+moons, mourning for the dead maiden. And the second sang 'Suitor!
+Suitor!' wailing six long moons for the unhappy suitor. And the third
+sang sadly 'Consolation! Consolation!' never ending all his life long
+for the comfort of the broken-hearted mother.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>Mother Stina looked at little Mimi very solemnly when this story was
+ended, as if she wondered whether she herself would ever need to take to
+heart the warning of Aino's mother. But no one said anything, and Father
+Mikko continued on with the next story.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">p. 28</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 331px;">
+<a name="ch6" id="ch6" href="images/hd-flora-1-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-1.jpg" width="331" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>WAINAMOINEN'S SEARCH FOR AINO</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/w.jpg" alt="W" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_w">WHEN the news reached Wainamoinen he began to weep most bitterly, and
+the tears fell all that day and night; but the next day he hastened to
+the water's edge and prayed to the god of dreams to tell him where the
+water-gods dwelt. And the dream-god answered him lazily, and told him
+where the island was around which the sea-gods and the mermaids lived.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen hastened to his boat-house, and chose a copper boat,
+and in it placed fishing lines and hooks and nets, and when all was
+ready he rowed off swiftly towards the forest-covered island which the
+dream-god had told him of. No sooner had he arrived there than he began
+to fish, using a line of silver and a hook of gold. But for many days he
+fished in vain, yet<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">p. 29</a></span> still he persevered. At last one day a wondrous
+fish was caught, and it played about and struggled a long time until at
+length it was exhausted, and the hero landed it in the boat.</p>
+
+<p>When Wainamoinen saw it he was astonished at its beauty, but after
+gazing at it for some time he drew out his knife and was about to cut it
+up ready for eating. But no sooner had he touched the fish with his
+knife than it leapt from the bottom of the boat and dived under the
+water. Then it rose again out of his reach and said to him: 'O ancient
+minstrel, I did not come hither to be eaten by thee, merely to give thee
+food for a day.'</p>
+
+<p>'Why didst thou come then?' asked Wainamoinen.</p>
+
+<p>'I came, O minstrel, to rest in thine arms and to be thy companion and
+wife for ever,' the fish replied; 'to keep thy home in order and to do
+whatever thou pleased. For I am not a fish; I am no salmon of the
+Northern Seas, but Youkahainen's youngest sister. I am the one thou wert
+fishing for&mdash;Aino, whom thou lovest. Once thou wert wise, but now art
+foolish, cruel. Thou didst not know enough to keep me, but wouldst eat
+me for thy dinner!'</p>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen begged her to return to him, but the fish replied:
+'Nevermore will Aino's spirit come to thee to be so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">p. 30</a></span> treated,' and as it
+spoke the fish dived out of sight.</p>
+
+<p>Still Wainamoinen did not give up, but took out his nets and began
+dragging the waters. And he dragged all the waters in the lands of
+Lapland and of Kalevala, and caught fish of every sort, only Aino, now
+the water-maiden, never came into his net. 'Fool that I am,' he said at
+length, 'surely I was once wise, had at least a bit of wisdom, but now
+all my power has left me. For I have had Aino in my boat, but did not
+know until too late that I had even caught her.' And with these words he
+gave up his search and set off to his home in Kalevala. And on his way
+he mourned that the joyous song of the sacred cuckoo had ceased, and he
+sang: 'I shall never learn the secret how to live and prosper. If only
+my ancient mother were still living, she could give me good advice that
+this sorrow might leave me.'</p>
+
+<p>Then his mother awoke from her tomb in the depths and spoke to him: 'Thy
+mother was but sleeping, and I'll now advise thee how this sorrow may
+pass over. Go at once to the Northland, where dwell wise and lovely
+maidens, far lovelier than Aino. Take one of them for thy wife; she will
+make thee happy and be an honour to thy home.'</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">p. 31</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'I don't think he had much of a heart if he could be consoled so easily
+as all that,' said Mother Stina, a little indignantly.</p>
+
+<p>'Wait and you shall see,' said old Father Mikko with a smile; and he
+continued.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">p. 32</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 318px;">
+<a name="ch7" id="ch7" href="images/hd-rose-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-rose.jpg" width="318" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>WAINAMOINEN'S UNLUCKY JOURNEY</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/w.jpg" alt="W" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_w">WAINAMOINEN made ready for a journey to the Northland, to the land of
+cold winters and of little sunshine, where he was to seek a wife. He
+saddled his swift steed, and mounting, started towards the north. On and
+on he went upon his magic steed, galloping over the plains of Kalevala.
+And when he came to the shores of the wide sea, he did not halt, but
+galloped on over the water without even so much as wetting a hoof of his
+magic courser.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>But wicked Youkahainen hated Wainamoinen for what he had done when he
+defeated him in magic, and so he made ready a bow of steel. He painted
+it with many bright colours and trimmed it with gold and silver and
+copper. Then he chose the strongest sinews from the stag, and at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">p. 33</a></span> length
+the great bow was ready. On the back was painted a courser, at each end
+a colt, near the bend a sleeping maiden, near the notch a running hare.
+And after that he cut some arrows out of oak, put tips of sharpened
+copper on them, and five feathers on the end. Then he hardened the
+arrows and steeped them in the blood of snakes and the poison of the
+adder to give them magic power.</p>
+
+<p>When all was ready Youkahainen went out to wait for his enemy. For many
+days and nights he watched in vain, but still he did not weary, and at
+last one day at dawn he saw what seemed to be a black cloud on the
+waters. But by his magic art he knew that it was Wainamoinen on his
+magic steed. Then he went after his bow, but his mother stopped him and
+asked him whom he meant to shoot with his bow and poisoned arrows.
+Youkahainen replied: 'I have made this mighty bow and these poisoned
+arrows for the old magician Wainamoinen, that I may destroy my rival.'</p>
+
+<p>His mother reproved him, saying, 'If thou slayest Wainamoinen all our
+joy will vanish, all the singing and music will die with him. It is
+better that we have his magic music in this world than to have it all go
+to the underground world Manala, where the spirits of the dead dwell.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">p. 34</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Youkahainen hesitated for a moment, but then envy and hatred filled his
+heart, and he replied: 'Even though all joy and pleasure vanish from the
+world, yet will I shoot this rival singer, let the end be what it will.'</p>
+
+<p>With these words he hastened out and took his stand in a thicket near
+the shore. He chose the three strongest arrows from his quiver, and
+selecting the best among these three, he laid it against the string and
+aimed at Wainamoinen's heart. And as he still waited for him to come
+nearer, he sang this incantation: 'Be elastic, bow-string mine, swiftly
+fly, O oaken arrow, swift as light, O poisoned arrow, to the heart of
+Wainamoinen. If my hand too low shall aim thee, may the gods direct thee
+higher. If mine eye too high shall aim thee, may the gods direct thee
+lower.'</p>
+
+<p>Then he let the arrow fly, but it flew over Wainamoinen's head and
+pierced and scattered the clouds above. Again he shot a second, but it
+flew too low and penetrated to the depths of the sea. Then he aimed the
+third, and it flew from his bow swift as lightning. Straight forward it
+flew, and struck the magic steed full in the shoulder so that
+Wainamoinen was plunged headlong into the waves. And then arose a mighty
+storm-wind, and the old magician was carried far out into the wide open
+sea.</p>
+
+<p>But Youkahainen believed that he had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">p. 35</a></span> killed his rival, and so went
+home, rejoicing and singing as he went. And his mother asked him, 'Hast
+thou slain great Wainamoinen?' and he replied, 'I have slain old
+Wainamoinen. Into the salt sea he plunged headlong, and the old magician
+is now at the bottom of the deep.'</p>
+
+<p>But his mother replied: 'Woe to earth for what thou hast done. Joy and
+singing are gone for ever, for thou hast slain the great wise singer,
+thou hast slain the joy of Kalevala.'</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>All his listeners seemed very much dissatisfied at the turn the story
+had taken, so Father Mikko hastened to assure them that Wainamoinen was
+not really dead, and then he began the next story.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">p. 36</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 336px;">
+<a name="ch8" id="ch8" href="images/hd-poppies-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-poppies.jpg" width="336" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>WAINAMOINEN'S RESCUE</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/b.jpg" alt="B" width="70" height="68" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_b">BUT Wainamoinen was not dead, but swam on for eight days and seven
+nights trying to reach land. And when the evening of the eighth day came
+and still no land was in sight, he began to grow tired and to despair of
+ever getting out alive.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>But just then he spied an eagle of wonderful size flying towards him
+from the west. And the eagle flew up to him and asked who he was and how
+he had come there in the ocean.</p>
+
+<p>And Wainamoinen replied: 'I am Wainamoinen, the great singer and
+magician. I had left my home for the distant Northland, and as I
+galloped over the ocean and neared the shore, the wicked Youkahainen
+killed my steed with his magic arrows, and I was cast headlong into the
+waters. And then a mighty wind arose and drove me farther <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">p. 37</a></span>and ever
+farther out to sea, and now I have been struggling with the winds and
+waves for eight long weary days, and I fear that I shall perish of cold
+and hunger before I reach any land.'</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<a name="i3" id="i3" href="images/illus-3-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/illus-3.jpg" width="600" height="429" alt="INTERIOR OF LAPP HUT." title="INTERIOR OF LAPP HUT." />
+</a>
+<span class="caption">INTERIOR OF LAPP HUT.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The eagle replied: 'Do not be discouraged, but seat thyself upon my back
+and I will carry thee to land, for I have not forgotten the day when
+thou left the birch-trees standing for the birds to sing in and the
+eagle to rest on.'</p>
+
+<p>So Wainamoinen climbed upon the eagle's broad back and seated himself
+securely there, and off the eagle flew, straight to the nearest land.
+There on the shore of the dismal Northland the eagle left him, and flew
+off to join his mate.</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen found himself upon a bare, rocky point of land, without a
+trace of human life about it, nor any path through the woods by which it
+was surrounded. And he wept bitterly, for he was far from home, covered
+with wounds from his battle with the winds and waters, and faint with
+hunger: three days and three nights he wept without ceasing.</p>
+
+<p>Now the fair and lovely daughter of old Louhi had laid a wager with the
+Sun, that she would rise before him the next morning. And so she did,
+and had time to shear six lambs before the Sun had left his couch
+beneath the ocean. And after this she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">p. 38</a></span> swept up the floor of the stable
+with a birch broom, and collecting the sweepings on a copper shovel, she
+carried them to the meadow near the seashore. There she heard the sound
+of some one weeping, and hastening back she told her mother of it.</p>
+
+<p>Then Louhi, ancient mistress of the Northland, hurried out from her
+house and down to the seashore. There she heard the sound of weeping,
+and quickly pushed off from the shore in a boat and rowed to where the
+weeping Wainamoinen sat.</p>
+
+<p>When she came to him she said to him: 'What folly hast thou done to be
+in so sad a state?'</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen replied: 'It is indeed folly that has brought me into this
+trouble. I was happy enough at home before I went on this expedition.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Louhi asked him to tell her who he was of all the great heroes.</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen replied: 'Formerly I was honoured as a great singer and
+magician: I was called the "Singer of Kalevala," the wise Wainamoinen.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Louhi said: 'Rise, O hero, from thy lowly couch among the willows,
+come with me to my home and there tell me the story of thy adventures.'
+So she took the starving hero into her boat and rowed him to the shore,
+and took him to her house. There she gave him food, and the warmth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">p. 39</a></span> and
+rest and shelter soon restored to him all his strength. Then Louhi asked
+him to relate his adventures, and he told her all that had happened to
+him.</p>
+
+<p>When he had finished Louhi said to him: 'Weep no more, Wainamoinen, for
+thou shalt be welcome in our homes, thou shalt live with us and eat our
+salmon and other fish.'</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen thanked her for her kindness, but added: 'One's own country
+and table and home are the best and dearest. May the great god, Ukko,
+the Creator, grant that I may once more reach my dear home and country.
+It is better to drink clear water from a birchen cup in one's own home,
+than in foreign lands to drink the richest liquors from the golden
+beakers of strangers.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Louhi asked him: 'What reward wilt thou give me, if I carry thee
+back to thy beloved home, to the plains of Kalevala?'</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen asked her what reward she would consider sufficient, whether
+gold or silver treasures, but Louhi answered: 'I ask not for gold or
+silver, O wise Wainamoinen, but canst thou forge for me the magic Sampo,
+with its lid of many colours, the magic mill that grinds out flour on
+one side, and salt from another side, and turns out money from the
+third? I will give<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">p. 40</a></span> thee, too, my daughter, as a reward, to be thy wife
+and to care for thy home.'</p>
+
+<p>But Wainamoinen answered sadly: 'I cannot forge for thee the magic
+Sampo, but take me to my country and I will send thee Ilmarinen, who
+will make it for thee, and wed thy lovely daughter. Ilmarinen is a
+wondrous smith; he it was who forged the heavens, and so perfectly did
+he do it that we cannot see a single mark of the hammer on them.'</p>
+
+<p>Louhi replied: 'Only to him who can forge the magic Sampo for me will I
+give my daughter.' Then she harnessed up her sledge and put Wainamoinen
+in it and made him all ready for his journey home. And as he started off
+she spoke these words to him: 'Do not raise thy eyes to the heavens, do
+not look upward while the day lasts, before the evening star has risen,
+or a terrible misfortune will happen to you.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen drove off, and his heart grew light as he left the
+dismal Northland behind him on his way to Kalevala.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">p. 41</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 325px;">
+<a name="ch9" id="ch9" href="images/hd-grapes-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-grapes.jpg" width="325" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE RAINBOW-MAIDEN</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/t.jpg" alt="T" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_t">THE fair Rainbow-maiden, Louhi's daughter, sat upon a rainbow in the
+heavens, and was clad in the most splendid dress of gold and silver. She
+was busy weaving golden webs of wonderful beauty, using a shuttle of
+gold and a silver weaving-comb.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>As Wainamoinen came swiftly along the way which led from the dark and
+dismal Northland to the plains of Kalevala, before he had gone far on
+his way he heard in the sky above him the humming of the
+Rainbow-maiden's loom. Without thinking of old Louhi's warning, he
+looked up and beheld the maiden seated on the gorgeous rainbow weaving
+beauteous cloths. No sooner had he seen the lovely maiden than he
+stopped, and calling to her asked her to come to his sledge.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">p. 42</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Rainbow-maiden replied: 'Tell me what thou wishest of me.'</p>
+
+<p>'Thou shalt come with me,' Wainamoinen replied, 'to bake me
+honey-biscuit, to fill my cup with foaming beer, to sing beside my
+table, to be a queen within my home in the land of Kalevala.'</p>
+
+<p>But the maiden replied: 'Yesterday I went at twilight to the flowery
+meadows. There I heard a thrush singing, and I asked him, "Tell me,
+pretty song-bird, how shall I live most happily, as a maiden in my
+father's home or as a wife by my husband's side?" And the bird sang in
+reply, "The summer days are bright and warm, and so is a maiden's
+freedom; the winter is cold and dark, and so are the lives of married
+women. They are like dogs chained in a kennel, no favours are given to
+wives."'</p>
+
+<p>But Wainamoinen answered the maiden: 'The thrush sings only nonsense.
+Maidens are treated like little children, but wives are like queens.
+Come to my sledge, O maiden, for I am not the least among heroes, nor am
+I ignorant of magic. Come, and I will make thee my wife and queen in
+Kalevala.'</p>
+
+<p>Then the Rainbow-maiden promised to be his wife if he would split a
+golden hair with a knife that had no edge, and take a bird's egg from
+the nest with a snare that no one could see. Wainamoinen did both these
+things, and then begged her to come to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">p. 43</a></span> his sledge, for he had done what
+she asked.</p>
+
+<p>But she set another task for him, telling him she would marry him if he
+could peel a block of sandstone and cut a whip-handle from ice without
+making a single splinter. And Wainamoinen did both these things, but
+still the maiden refused to go until he had performed a third task. This
+was to make from the splinters of her distaff a little ship, and to
+launch it into the water without touching it.</p>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen took the pieces of her distaff and set to work. He took
+them to a mountain from which he got the iron for his work, and for
+three days he laboured with hatchet and hammer. But on the evening of
+the third day a wicked spirit, Lempo, caught his hatchet as he raised it
+up, and turned it as it fell, so that it hit a rock and broke in
+fragments, and one of the pieces flew into the magician's knee, and cut
+it, so that the blood poured out.</p>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen began to sing a magic incantation to stop the blood
+from flowing, but his magic was powerless against the evil Lempo, and he
+could not stop the blood. Then he gathered certain herbs with wonderful
+powers, and put them on the wound, but still he could not heal it up,
+for Lempo's spell was too powerful for his magic. So he got into his
+sledge again, and drove off at a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">p. 44</a></span> gallop to seek for help. Soon he came
+to a place where the road branched off in three directions. He chose the
+left-hand one, and galloped on till he reached a house. When he went to
+the door he found only a boy and a baby inside, and when he had told
+them what he wanted, the boy said, 'There is no one here that can help
+thee, but take the middle road, and perhaps thou wilt find help.'</p>
+
+<p>So off he galloped to where the roads branched off, and then along the
+middle one to another house. There he found an old witch lying on the
+floor, but she gave him the same answer that the boy had done, and sent
+him to the right-hand road.</p>
+
+<p>On this road he came to another cottage, where an old man with a long
+gray beard was sitting by the fire. And when Wainamoinen told him of his
+trouble, the old man replied, 'Greater things have been done by but
+three of the magic words; water has been turned to land, and land to
+water.' On hearing this answer Wainamoinen rose from his sledge and went
+into the cottage, and seated himself there. And all this time his knee
+was bleeding, so that the blood was enough to fill seven huge birchen
+pots.</p>
+
+<p>Then the old man asked him who he was, and bade him sing to him the
+origin<a name="FNanchor_4" id="FNanchor_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">p. 45</a></span> iron that had wounded him so, and Wainamoinen related
+the following story of how iron was first made:</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4" id="Footnote_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> For they believed that a magic song that told the <i>origin</i>
+of any trouble would also cure it.</p></div>
+
+<p>Long ago after there were air and water, fire was born, and after the
+fire came iron. Ukko, the creator, rubbed his hands upon his left knee,
+and there arose thence three lovely maidens, who were the mothers of
+iron and steel. These three maidens walked forth on the clouds, and from
+their bosoms ran the milk of iron, down unto the clouds and thence down
+upon the earth. Ukko's eldest daughter cast black milk over the
+river-beds, and the second cast white milk over the hills and mountains,
+and the third red milk over the lakes and oceans; and from the black
+milk grew the soft black iron-ore; from the white milk the
+lighter-coloured ore; and from the red milk the brittle red iron-ore.</p>
+
+<p>After the iron had lain in peace for a while, Fire came to visit his
+brother Iron and tried to eat him up. Then Iron ran from him and took
+refuge in the swamps and marshes, and that is how we now find iron-ore
+hidden in the marshes.</p>
+
+<p>Then was born the great smith, Ilmarinen, and the next morning after he
+was born he built his smithy on a hill near the marshland. There he
+found the hidden iron-ore, and carried it to his smithy and put it in
+the furnace to be smelted. And Ilmarinen had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">p. 46</a></span> not blown more than three
+strokes of the bellows before the iron began to grow soft as dough. But
+then Iron cried out to him, 'Take me from this furnace, Ilmarinen, save
+me from this cruel torture!' for the heat of the fire had grown
+unbearable.</p>
+
+<p>'Thou art not hurt, but only a little frightened,' Ilmarinen replied;
+'but I will take thee out, and thou shalt be a great warrior and slay
+many heroes.'</p>
+
+<p>But Iron swore by the hammer and anvil, 'I will injure trees and
+mountains, but I'll never kill the heroes. I will be men's servant and
+their tool, but will not serve for weapons.'</p>
+
+<p>So Ilmarinen put the iron on his anvil, and made from it many fine
+things and tools of every kind. But he could not harden the iron into
+steel, though he pondered over it for a long time. He made a lye from
+birch-ashes and water to harden the iron in, but it was all in vain.</p>
+
+<p>Just then a little bee came flying up, and Ilmarinen begged him to bring
+honey from all the flowers in the meadows, that he might put it in the
+water and so harden the iron to steel. But a hornet, one of the servants
+of the evil spirit Lempo, was sitting on the roof and overheard
+Ilmarinen's words. And the hornet flew off and collected all the evil
+charms he could find&mdash;the hissing of serpents, the venom of adders, the
+poison of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">p. 47</a></span> spiders, the stings of every insect&mdash;and brought them to
+Ilmarinen. He thought that the bee had come and brought him honey from
+the meadows, and so mixed all these poisons with the water in which he
+was to plunge the iron. And when he thrust the iron into the poisoned
+water it was turned to hard steel, but the poisons made it forget its
+oath and grow hard-hearted, and it began to wound men and cause their
+blood to flow in streams. This was the origin of steel and iron.</p>
+
+<p>When Wainamoinen had finished, the old man rose from the hearth and
+began an incantation to make the wound close up. First he cursed Iron
+that it had become so wicked, and then he bade the blood cease to flow
+by the power of his magic. And as he went on he prayed to great Ukko
+that if this magic incantation should not prove sufficient, Ukko himself
+would come and stop the wound.</p>
+
+<p>By the time he had finished his words of magic the blood ceased flowing
+from the wound. Then the old man sent his son to make a healing salve
+out of herbs, to take away the soreness from Wainamoinen's knee.</p>
+
+<p>First the youth made a salve from oak-bark and young shoots, and many
+sorts of healing grasses. Three days and three nights he steeped them in
+a copper kettle,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">p. 48</a></span> but when he had finished the salve would not do. Then
+he added still other healing herbs, and steeped it for three days more,
+and at last it was ready. First he tried it on a birch-tree that had
+been broken down by wicked Lempo. He rubbed the salve on the broken
+branches and said: 'With this salve I anoint thee, recover, O
+birch-tree, and grow more beautiful than ever!'</p>
+
+<p>And the tree grew together and became more beautiful and strong than
+ever before. Then he tried the salve on broken granite boulders and on
+fissures in the mountains, and it was so powerful that it closed them
+all together as if they had never existed. After this he hurried home
+and gave the magic salve to his father, and told him what he had done
+with it.</p>
+
+<p>The old man anointed Wainamoinen's knee with it, saying: 'Do not rely on
+thine own virtue or power, but in thy creator's strength; do not speak
+with thine own wisdom, but with great Ukko's. Whatever in thee is good
+comes from Ukko.'</p>
+
+<p>No sooner had the old man put on the salve and said these words, than
+Wainamoinen was seized with a terrible pain, and lay rolling and
+writhing on the floor in agony. But the old man bandaged up his knee
+with a silken bandage, and prayed to Ukko to come to his assistance.</p>
+
+<p>And suddenly the pain left Wainamoinen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">p. 49</a></span> and his knee became as strong
+and well as ever. Then he raised his eyes in gratitude to heaven and
+prayed thus to Ukko: 'Praise to thee, my Creator, for the aid that thou
+hast given me. For thou hast banished all my pain and trouble. O all ye
+people of Kalevala, both those now living and those to come, boast not
+of the work that ye have done but give to God the praise, for the great
+Ukko alone can make all things perfect, Ukko is the one master!'</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>There was a moment's pause, and then little Mimi said that she was so
+glad Wainamoinen was well again, and asked Father Mikko to tell them
+what happened to him next. But the old man answered that he must have a
+<i>little</i> time to breathe at least. So he filled his pipe again and
+lighted it, and Erik brought up some more beer, and they sat and smoked
+and drank beer and chatted for a while.</p>
+
+<p>Then, when he felt rested once more, Father Mikko obeyed Mimi's urgent
+request and began again to tell them how Wainamoinen got home, and what
+happened afterwards.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">p. 50</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 323px;">
+<a name="ch10" id="ch10" href="images/hd-apples-180-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-apples-180.jpg" width="323" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>ILMARINEN FORGES THE SAMPO</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/n.jpg" alt="N" width="70" height="69" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_n">NO sooner was Wainamoinen cured of his wound than he put his sledge in
+order and drove off at lightning speed towards Kalevala. For three days
+he journeyed over hills and valleys, over marshes and meadows, and on
+the evening of the third day he reached the land of Kalevala once again.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There, on the border line he halted, and began a magic song. And as he
+sang a fir-tree began to grow from the earth, and kept on growing until
+its top had grown up above the clouds and reached to the stars. When the
+tree had finished growing, Wainamoinen sang another magic song, so that
+the moon was caught fast in the tree's branches and obliged to shine
+there until Wainamoinen should reverse his spell. And then by another
+spell he made the stars of the Great Bear fast in the tree-top, and
+then<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">p. 51</a></span> jumped into his sledge and drove on again to his home, with his
+cap set awry on his head, mourning because he had promised to send
+Ilmarinen back to the Northland, to forge the magic Sampo as his ransom.</p>
+
+<p>As he drove on he came to Ilmarinen's smithy, and he stopped and went in
+to him. Ilmarinen welcomed him and asked where he had been so long, and
+what had happened to him.</p>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen told him of his journey to the Northland, and all the
+dangers he had gone through, and he added: 'In a village there I saw a
+maiden, who is the fairest in all the Northland. All there sing her
+praises, for her forehead shines like the rainbow and her face is fair
+as the golden moonlight. She is more beautiful than the sun and all the
+stars together, but she will not marry any suitor. But do thou go, dear
+Ilmarinen, and see her wondrous beauty; forge the magic Sampo for her
+mother and then thou shalt win this lovely maiden to be thy wife.'</p>
+
+<p>But Ilmarinen replied: 'O cunning Wainamoinen, I know that thou hast
+promised me as a ransom for thyself. But I will never go to that gloomy
+country, nor do I care for thy beautiful maiden; I will not go for all
+the maids in Pohjola.'</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen answered: 'But I can tell<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">p. 52</a></span> thee of still greater wonders,
+for I have seen a giant fir-tree growing on the border of our own
+country; its top is higher than the clouds, and in its branches shine
+the moon and the Great Bear.'</p>
+
+<p>'I will not believe thy wonderful story,' replied Ilmarinen, 'until I
+see the tree with my own eyes and the moon and stars shining in it.'</p>
+
+<p>'Come with me,' said Wainamoinen, 'and I will show thee that I speak the
+truth.' So off they set to see the wondrous tree. When they had come to
+it Wainamoinen asked Ilmarinen to climb the tree and to bring down the
+moon and stars, and he at once began to climb up towards them.</p>
+
+<p>But, while he was climbing, the fir-tree spoke to him, saying: 'Foolish
+hero, why hast thou so little knowledge as to try to steal the moon from
+my branches?' No sooner had the tree said these words to Ilmarinen, than
+Wainamoinen sang a magic spell, calling up a great storm-wind, and
+saying to it: 'O storm-wind, take Ilmarinen and carry him in thy airy
+vessel to the dark and dismal Northland.'</p>
+
+<p>And the storm-wind came and heaped up the clouds so that they formed a
+boat, and seizing Ilmarinen from the tree it placed him in the clouds
+and rushed off to the north, carrying clouds and all with it. On and on
+he sailed, rising higher than the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">p. 53</a></span> moon, tossed about by the wind, until
+at last he came to the Northland and the storm-wind set him down in
+Louhi's courtyard.</p>
+
+<p>Old toothless Louhi saw him as he alighted, and asked him: 'Who art thou
+that comest through the air, riding on the storm-wind? Hast thou ever
+met the great smith Ilmarinen, for I have long been waiting for him to
+come and forge the magic Sampo for me.'</p>
+
+<p>'I do indeed know him well,' he replied, 'for I myself am Ilmarinen.'</p>
+
+<p>At these words Louhi hurried into the house and told her youngest
+daughter to dress herself in all her most splendid clothes and
+ornaments, for Ilmarinen was come to make the Sampo for them. So the
+maiden chose her loveliest silken dresses, and placed a circlet of
+copper round her brow, a golden girdle round her waist, and pearls about
+her neck, and in her hair she twisted threads of gold and silver. When
+she was dressed she looked, with her rosy red cheeks and bright
+sparkling eyes, more lovely than any other maiden in all the Northland,
+and then she hurried to the hall to meet Ilmarinen.</p>
+
+<p>Louhi went to Ilmarinen and led him into the house, where there was a
+feast spread ready for him. She gave him the best seat at the table, and
+the choicest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">p. 54</a></span> viands to eat, and gave him everything he wished for. Then
+she asked him if he would forge the Sampo for her, and promised him, if
+he would, her fairest daughter as his wife.</p>
+
+<p>Ilmarinen was charmed with her daughter's beauty, and he promised to do
+what she asked. But when he went to look for a place to work in, he
+could find no place, and not even so much as a pair of bellows to blow
+his fire with. Still he was not discouraged, but for three days he
+wandered about, looking for a place to build a workshop. On the evening
+of the third day he saw a huge rock that was suited for his purpose, and
+there he began to build. The first day he built the chimney and started
+a fire; the second day he made his bellows and put them in place; the
+third day he finished his furnace, and had all ready to begin his work.</p>
+
+<p>Then Ilmarinen made a magic mixture of certain metals and put them in
+the bottom of the furnace. And he hired some of Louhi's men to work the
+bellows and keep putting fuel on the fire. Three long summer days the
+workmen blew the bellows, until at length the base rock began to blossom
+in flames from the magic heat.</p>
+
+<p>On the evening of the first day Ilmarinen bent over the furnace and took
+out a magic bow. It gleamed like the moon, had a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">p. 55</a></span> shaft of copper and
+tips of silver, and was the most wonderful bow that had ever been made.
+But it would not rest satisfied unless it killed a warrior every day,
+and two on feast-days. So Ilmarinen broke it into pieces and threw them
+back into the furnace, and tried again to forge the Sampo.</p>
+
+<p>On the evening of the second day he looked into the furnace and drew
+forth a magic vessel. It was all purple, save the ribs that were of gold
+and the vase of copper, and it was the most beautiful vessel that ever
+had been made. But wherever it went it always led men into quarrels and
+fights, so Ilmarinen broke it into pieces and threw it back into the
+furnace.</p>
+
+<p>On the evening of the third day he took out of the furnace a magic
+heifer, with horns of gold and the most beautifully-shaped head. But she
+was ill-tempered and would not stay at home, but rushed through the
+forest and swamps and wasted all her milk on the ground. So Ilmarinen
+cut the magic heifer in pieces and threw them back into the furnace.</p>
+
+<p>And on the fourth evening he took out a wonderful plough, the
+ploughshare of gold and the handles of silver and the beam of copper.
+But it ploughed up fields of barley and the richest meadows, so
+Ilmarinen threw it back into the furnace.</p>
+
+<p>Then he drove away all his workmen,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">p. 56</a></span> and by his magic called up the
+storm-winds to blow his bellows. They came from the North and South and
+East and West, and they blew one day and then another and then a third,
+until the fire leapt out through the windows, the sparks flew from the
+door, and the smoke rose up and mingled with the clouds. And on the
+third evening Ilmarinen looked into the furnace and beheld the magic
+Sampo growing there. Quickly he took it out and placed it on his anvil,
+and taking a huge hammer the wonderful smith forged the luck-bringing
+Sampo. From one side it grinds out flour, and from the other salt, and
+from the third it coins out money. And the lid is all the colours of the
+rainbow, and as it rocks back and forth it grinds one measure for the
+day, and one for the market and one for the storehouse.</p>
+
+<p>Then old Louhi joyfully took the luck-bringing Sampo and hid it in the
+hills of Lapland. She bound it with nine great locks, and by her
+witchcraft made three roots grow all around it, two deep beneath the
+mountains and one beneath the seashore.</p>
+
+<p>And when he had finished the Sampo, Ilmarinen came to the lovely
+daughter of Louhi and asked her if she were ready now to be his wife.
+But she replied: 'If I should go with thee, and leave the Northland, all
+the birds would cease to sing.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">p. 57</a></span> No, never while I live will I give up my
+maiden freedom, lest all the birds should leave the forest and the
+mermaids leave the waters.'</p>
+
+<p>So Ilmarinen had made the Sampo all in vain, and he was now far from
+home and had no way of returning. But Louhi came to him and asked him
+why he was grieving, and when she learned his trouble, and that he now
+wished to return to his own home, she provided him with a boat of
+copper. And when he had set sail she sent the north wind to carry him on
+his way, and on the evening of the third day he reached his home.</p>
+
+<p>There Wainamoinen met him and asked if he had forged the magic Sampo.
+'Yes,' replied Ilmarinen, 'I have forged the Sampo, with its lid of many
+colours. Louhi has the wondrous Sampo, but I have lost the beauteous
+maiden.'</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>'Ah!' said little Mimi, 'old Louhi's daughter was just as mean as could
+be, and of course she didn't keep her promise, because Lapps never can
+be good people.'</p>
+
+<p>'Don't be too hard on the poor Lapps, my dear,' said Father Mikko, 'for
+you see this happened a great many hundreds of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">p. 58</a></span> years ago, and the whole
+world has grown better since then. But now we will leave Ilmarinen and
+Wainamoinen for a while, and I will tell you about the reckless
+Lemminkainen and his adventures.'</p>
+
+<p>So the old man began as follows:</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">p. 59</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 324px;">
+<a name="ch11" id="ch11" href="images/hd-flora-2-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-2.jpg" width="324" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>LEMMINKAINEN AND KYLLIKKI</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/l.jpg" alt="L" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_l">LONG, long ago a son was born to Lempo, and he was named Lemminkainen,
+but some call him Ahti. He grew up amongst the islands and fed upon the
+salmon until he became a mighty man, handsome to look at and skilled in
+magic. But he was not as good as he was handsome&mdash;he had a wicked heart,
+and was more famous for his dancing than for great deeds.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Now at the time my story begins, there lived in the Northland a
+beautiful maiden named Kyllikki. She was so lovely that the Sun had
+begged her to marry his son and come and live with them. But she
+refused, and when the Moon came and besought her to marry her son, and
+the Evening Star sought her for his son, she refused them both. And
+after that came suitors from all the countries round about,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">p. 60</a></span> but the
+lovely Kyllikki would not marry one of them.</p>
+
+<p>When Lemminkainen heard of this, he resolved that he would win her
+himself. But his aged mother tried to dissuade him, telling him that the
+maiden was of a higher family than his own, that all the Northland women
+would laugh at him, and then if he should try to punish them for their
+laughter, that the warriors of the Northland would fall on him and kill
+him. But all this did not make him change his mind, and he started off
+for the distant Northland.</p>
+
+<p>When he came near to Kyllikki's home, all the women and maidens that saw
+him began to laugh at him because he looked so poor, and yet dared to
+try to win the fair Kyllikki's hand. When he heard them laughing, it
+made him so angry that he drove on without paying any attention to how
+he was driving, and when he came to the courtyard his sledge hit against
+the gate-post and broke to pieces, and threw him out into the snow.</p>
+
+<p>He rose up angrier than ever, but all those around only laughed the
+harder at him, and made all manner of fun of him. Then they offered him
+a place as a shepherd on the mountains. So Ahti became a shepherd, and
+spent all the days on the hills, but in the evenings he went to their
+dances, and when he had shown them what<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">p. 61</a></span> a skilful dancer he was, he
+soon became a great favourite with all the women, and they began to
+praise him instead of laughing at him.</p>
+
+<p>But fair Kyllikki alone would have nothing to do with him&mdash;would not
+even look at him in spite of all his endeavours to win her. At last she
+was tired out with his attentions, and told him that he had better
+return home, for she did not like him, and that so long as he stayed
+there she would not even look at him.</p>
+
+<p>Still he did not go away, but waited until a chance came to carry out
+his new plan. About a month after this, all the maidens were met
+together for a dance in a glen among the hills, and among them was
+Kyllikki. Suddenly Lemminkainen came galloping up in his sledge and
+seized the fair Kyllikki as she was dancing with the rest, placed her in
+his sledge, and drove off like the whirlwind, and as he flew by the
+frightened maidens he cried out to them: 'Never tell that I have taken
+Kyllikki, or I will cast a magic spell over your lovers, so that they
+will all leave you and go off to the wars and will never come back to
+dance and make merry with you.'</p>
+
+<p>But Kyllikki wept and begged Lemminkainen to give her back her freedom,
+saying, 'Oh, give me back my freedom, cruel Lemminkainen; let me return
+on foot to my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">p. 62</a></span> grieving father and mother. If thou wilt not let me go, O
+Ahti, I will curse thee and will call upon my seven valiant brothers to
+pursue and kill thee. Once I was happy among my people, but now all my
+joy has gone since thou hast come to torment me, O cruel-hearted Ahti!'</p>
+
+<p>But all her words could not move Lemminkainen to release her. Then he
+said to her: 'Dearest maiden, fair Kyllikki, cease thy weeping and be
+joyful; I will never harm thee nor deceive thee. Why shouldst thou be
+sorrowful, for I have a lovely home and friends and riches, and thou
+shalt never need to labour. Do not despise me because my family is not
+mighty, for I have a good spear and a sharp sword, and with these I will
+gain greatness and power for thy sake.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Kyllikki asked him: 'O Ahti, son of Lempo, wilt thou then be to me
+a faithful husband; wilt thou swear to me never to go to battle nor to
+strife of any sort?'</p>
+
+<p>'I will swear upon my honour,' Lemminkainen replied, 'that I will never
+go to battle, if thou wilt promise in return never to go to dance in the
+village, however much thou mayst long for it.'</p>
+
+<p>So the two swore before the great Ukko, Lemminkainen promising never to
+go to battle, and Kyllikki that she would never go to the village
+dances. And<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">p. 63</a></span> then Lemminkainen rejoicing cracked his whip, and they
+galloped on like the wind over hills and valleys towards the plains of
+Kalevala.</p>
+
+<p>As they came near to Lemminkainen's home, Kyllikki saw that it looked
+dreary and poor, and began to weep again, but Lemminkainen comforted
+her, telling her that now he would build a splendid mansion for her, and
+so she grew cheerful once more.</p>
+
+<p>They drove up to his mother's cottage, and as they entered his mother
+asked him how he had fared. Ahti answered: 'I have well repaid the scorn
+of the Northland maidens, for I have brought the fairest of them with me
+in my sledge. I brought her well wrapt in bear-skins hither, to be my
+loving bride for ever. Beloved mother, make ready for us the best room
+and prepare a rich feast, that my bride may be content.'</p>
+
+<p>His mother answered: 'Praised be gracious Ukko, that hath given me a
+daughter. Praise Ukko, my son, that thou hast won this lovely maiden,
+the pride of the Northland, who is purer than the snow, more graceful
+than the swan, and more beautiful than the stars. Let us make our
+dwelling larger, and decorate the walls most beautifully in honour of
+thy lovely bride, the fairest maid of all creation.'</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">p. 64</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 326px;">
+<a name="ch12" id="ch12" href="images/hd-flora-3-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-3.jpg" width="326" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>KYLLIKKI'S BROKEN VOW</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/l.jpg" alt="L" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_l">LEMMINKAINEN and Kyllikki lived together happily for many years, keeping
+the promises they had made to each other. But one day Lemminkainen had
+not come home from fishing by sunset, and then the longing to dance was
+more than Kyllikki could withstand, and she went into the village and
+joined the maidens in their dance.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>As soon as Lemminkainen came home, his sister Ainikki came to him and
+told him how Kyllikki had broken her promise and had joined in the
+dance. Then Lemminkainen grew angry and sad at the same time, and he
+went to his mother and asked her to steep his clothing in the blood of
+serpents, for he was going off to battle since Kyllikki could not keep
+her vow.</p>
+
+<p>Kyllikki tried to persuade him not to leave her, telling him that she
+had dreamt a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">p. 65</a></span> dream, in which she saw their home in flames and the fire
+bursting out through the doors and windows and roof. But Lemminkainen
+replied: 'I have no faith in women's dreams or maidens' vows. Bring me
+my copper armour, mother, for I long to get to the wars, to go to dismal
+Pohjola, there to win great stores of gold and silver.'</p>
+
+<p>'Stay at home, my dear son,' his aged mother said, 'and drink the beer
+in our cellars, sitting peaceably by thine own hearth, for we have more
+than enough gold and silver. Only the other day, as our servants were
+ploughing the fields they came upon a chest of gold and silver buried in
+the ground&mdash;take this and be content.'</p>
+
+<p>When all this had no effect upon Lemminkainen, his mother began to tell
+him of the magic of the Northland people, and that they would sing him
+into the fire so that he would be burnt to death. But he replied: 'Long
+ago three Lapland wizards tried to bewitch me, and employed their
+strongest spells against me, but I stood unmoved. Then I began my own
+magic songs, and before long I overcame them and sank them to the bottom
+of the sea, where they are still sleeping and the seaweed is growing
+through their hair and beards.'</p>
+
+<p>Still his mother tried to stop him, and his wife Kyllikki begged his
+forgiveness in tears. He stood listening to them and brushing out<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">p. 66</a></span> his
+long black hair, but at last he became impatient, and threw the brush
+from him and cried out: 'I will not stay, but keep that brush, and when
+ye see blood oozing from its bristles, then ye may know that some
+terrible misfortune has overtaken me.'</p>
+
+<p>Saying this he left them and put on his armour and harnessed his steed
+into his sledge. Then he sang a song, calling on all the spirits of the
+woods and the mountains and the waters and on great Ukko himself to help
+him against the Northland wizards, and when his song was ended he drove
+off like the wind.</p>
+
+<p>In the evening of the third day he reached a little village in the
+Northland. Here he drove into a courtyard and called out: 'Is there any
+one strong enough to attend to my horse and take care of my sledge.'
+There was a child playing on the floor of the house, and it replied that
+there was no one there to do it. Then Lemminkainen rode on to another
+house and asked the same question; and a man standing in the doorway
+replied: 'There are plenty here that are mighty enough not only to
+unharness thy steed, but to conquer thee and drive thee to thy home ere
+the sun has set.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Lemminkainen told him that he would return and slay him, and so
+drove off to the highest house in the village. Here he cast a spell over
+the watch-dog, so that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">p. 67</a></span> he should not bark, and drove in. Then he struck
+on the ground with his whip, and from the ground there arose a vapour
+that concealed the sledge, and in the vapour was a dwarf that took his
+steed and unharnessed it and gave it food. But Lemminkainen went on into
+the house, having first made himself invisible. There he found a great
+many people singing and making merry, and by the fires the Northland
+wizards were seated. He made his way on, and then took on his own shape
+again and entered into the main hall, and cried out to those that were
+singing to be silent.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as she saw him the mistress of the house ran up to him and asked
+him who he was, and how he had passed the watch-dog unnoticed. Then
+Lemminkainen told her who he was, and instantly began to weave his magic
+spells, while the lightning shot from his fur mantle and flames from his
+eyes. He sang them all under the power of his magic&mdash;some beneath the
+waters, some into the burning fire, some beneath the heaped-up
+mountains. Only one poor old man, who was blind and lame, did he leave
+untouched. And when the old man asked him why it was that he had alone
+been left, cruel Lemminkainen began to abuse him and to torment him with
+words, until the old man, Nasshut, grew almost wild with anger, and
+hobbled away, swearing to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">p. 68</a></span> have vengeance. Nasshut journeyed on and on,
+and at last arrived at the river Tuoni, which separates the land of the
+dead from the land of the living. There he waited until Lemminkainen
+should come, for he knew, by his wizard's skill, that he would come
+thither soon.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">p. 69</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 324px;">
+<a name="ch13" id="ch13" href="images/hd-flora-4-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-4.jpg" width="324" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>LEMMINKAINEN'S SECOND WOOING</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/a.jpg" alt="A" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_a">AFTER this Lemminkainen travelled on through dismal Pohjola until he
+came to the home of aged Louhi. He went in to Louhi and begged her to
+give him one of her daughters in marriage, but Louhi refused, saying:
+'Thou hast already taken one wife from Lapland, the fair Kyllikki, and I
+will give thee neither the loveliest nor yet the ugliest of my
+daughters.'</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Still Lemminkainen kept urging her, and at last, to get rid of him, she
+said: 'I will never give one of my daughters to a worthless man. Thou
+mayst not ask me again until thou bringest me the Hisi-reindeer.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Lemminkainen set to work to make his arrows and his darts. When
+these were done he went to Lylikki, the great snow-shoe maker, and bade
+him make a huge<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">p. 70</a></span> pair of snow-shoes, as he was going to hunt the
+Hisi-reindeer. At first Lylikki tried to dissuade him, telling him he
+could never succeed, but perhaps would die in the forest. But
+Lemminkainen ordered him again to make the snow-shoes, and Lylikki set
+to work. He made them of wood, only a few inches wide, but longer than
+Lemminkainen was tall, and with straps in the middle to fasten them on
+to the feet; and he also made a staff for Lemminkainen to push himself
+along with, or to keep his balance with when he slid down the hills.</p>
+
+<p>At length they were finished, and Lemminkainen put them on, and his
+quiver on his back, and took his snow-staff in his hand, and as he set
+off he cried out: 'There is no living thing in all the forest that can
+escape me now, when I take my mighty strides in Lylikki's snow-shoes.'</p>
+
+<p>But the evil spirit Hisi overheard him as he boasted thus, and Hisi set
+to work to make an enchanted reindeer, that Lemminkainen would never be
+able to catch. So he took bare willow branches to make the horns, and
+wood for the head, the feet and legs were made of reeds, and the veins
+from withered grass, the eyes were made from daisies, the ears from
+flowers, and the skin of the rough fir-bark, and the muscles from
+strong, sappy wood. When this magic reindeer was completed it was the
+swiftest and the <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">p. 71</a></span>finest-looking of all reindeer. And Hisi sent it off
+to Pohjola, telling it to lure Lemminkainen into the snow-covered
+mountains and there to wear him out with the cold and the fatigue of the
+chase. So the reindeer went forth to dismal Pohjola, and there it ran
+through the courtyards and the outhouses, overturning tubs of water,
+throwing the kettles from their hooks, and upsetting the dishes that
+were cooking before the fires. There was a frightful noise there, for
+all the dogs began to bark, and the children to cry, and the women to
+laugh, and the men to shout. And then the magic reindeer went on its
+way.</p>
+
+<p>Now Lemminkainen had set out, as soon as his snow-shoes were ready, and
+had hunted the whole world over for a trace of the Hisi-reindeer,
+rushing like the wind over mountains and valleys, until the fire shot
+from his snow-shoes, and his snow-staff smoked. But after he had
+wandered over the whole world and still had found no trace of the
+Hisi-reindeer, he came at last to the corner of Northland where the
+magic animal had just run through the courts upsetting everything, and
+the children were still crying and the women laughing when he arrived.
+Lemminkainen asked what the cause was of their uproar, and they told him
+how the reindeer had been there.</p>
+
+<p>No sooner had he heard this than off he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">p. 72</a></span> flew over the snow, and as he
+went he sang a spell, calling on the powers of Pohjola to enable him to
+catch the Hisi-beast. After he had sung, he gave three huge strides with
+his snow-shoes, and at the end of the third he caught up with the
+Hisi-reindeer, and in another moment had it bound fast. Then he spoke to
+the reindeer and patted it on the head, and bade it come with him to
+Louhi. But suddenly the animal made a mighty rush, snapped his bonds in
+two, and sprang away over the hills and valleys out of sight.</p>
+
+<p>Lemminkainen started off after it, but at the first step his snow-shoes
+broke right in two and threw him down, breaking his arrows and his
+snow-staff in his fall. Then he arose and looked sadly at his broken
+shoes and arrows and stick, and said to himself: 'How shall I ever
+succeed in my hunt, now that my shoes are broken, and the reindeer is
+once more free?'</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">p. 73</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 330px;">
+<a name="ch14" id="ch14" href="images/hd-pears-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-pears.jpg" width="330" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>LEMMINKAINEN'S DEATH</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/f.jpg" alt="F" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_f">
+FOR a long time Lemminkainen sat considering whether he should give up
+the chase and return to Kalevala, or still keep on after the
+Hisi-reindeer. At length he regained hope and courage, and having sung
+an incantation that made his snow-shoes and arrows and staff whole
+again, he started off once more.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This time he turned his steps to the home of Tapio, the god of the
+forest, and as he went he began to sing wondrous songs to Tapio and his
+wife Mielikki, begging them to help him, and promising them great stores
+of gold and silver if they would do so.</p>
+
+<p>At last he arrived at Tapio's palace, which had window-frames of gold,
+and the palace itself was of ivory. And within it Mielikki and her
+daughters were dressed in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">p. 74</a></span> golden garments, and wore gold and gems in
+their hair, and pearls round their necks. And they all promised to help
+Lemminkainen, and went off to drive the reindeer up to the palace so
+that he might catch it. Nor had he long to wait before whole troops of
+reindeer came flocking into the palace courtyard, and Lemminkainen saw
+among them the Hisi-deer, and caught it.</p>
+
+<p>Then Lemminkainen sang a song of triumph, and having paid to Tapio's
+wife, Mielikki, the gold and silver he had promised, he hastened off
+with the reindeer to Louhi's home. But when he gave the Hisi-deer to
+her, she said: 'I will give thee my fairest daughter if thou wilt catch
+and bridle for me the fiery Hisi-horse, that breathes smoke and fire
+from his mouth and nostrils.'</p>
+
+<p>So Lemminkainen went off, taking with him a golden bridle to put on the
+horse. For three days he wandered without catching sight of the
+Hisi-horse, but on the third day he climbed to the top of a very high
+mountain, and from thence he spied the steed on the plain amongst the
+fir-trees, breathing smoke and flames from his mouth and nostrils and
+eyes.</p>
+
+<p>When Lemminkainen saw him he prayed to great Ukko to send a shower of
+icy hail upon the fiery Hisi-steed, and presently a great shower of hail
+rained down, and every hailstone was larger than a man's head.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">p. 75</a></span> After
+the hail was over, Lemminkainen came up to the fiery horse and coaxed
+him to let the golden bridle be slipped over his head. Then off they
+went like the wind, the horse obeying Lemminkainen perfectly, and in a
+very short time they arrived at Louhi's house. When he had given the
+Hisi-horse to Louhi, Lemminkainen asked again for the hand of her
+fairest daughter. But Louhi told him she would not give him her daughter
+until he had killed the swan that swam on Tuoni's river, which flows
+between the land of the living and the dead.</p>
+
+<p>Then Lemminkainen started off fearlessly to seek the graceful swan of
+Tuoni, and journeyed on and on until at length he came to the coal-black
+river. There the old shepherd of Pohjola, Nasshut, was waiting for him,
+and, though blind, he heard Lemminkainen's footsteps, and sent a serpent
+from the death-river to meet him. The serpent stung Lemminkainen just
+over the heart, so that he fell down dead almost instantly, only having
+time to call upon his ancient mother to help him.</p>
+
+<p>And Nasshut cast his body into the dismal river Tuoni, where it was
+washed down through the rapids to the Deathland, Tuonela. There the son
+of the ruler of the Deathland took the body, and cutting it into five
+portions, cast them back into the stream, saying: 'Swim there now, O
+Lemminkainen!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">p. 76</a></span> float for ever in this river, so that thou mayst hunt the
+wild swan at thy leisure.'</p>
+
+<p>And thus the handsome Lemminkainen died, and was cast into the river of
+Tuoni, that flows along the Deathland.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">p. 77</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 325px;">
+<a name="ch15" id="ch15" href="images/hd-cherries-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-cherries.jpg" width="325" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>LEMMINKAINEN'S RESTORATION</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/l.jpg" alt="L" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_l">
+LEMMINKAINEN'S mother began to grow uneasy at his long absence, and to
+fear that some trouble had befallen him. At last one day, as his wife,
+the fair Kyllikki, was in her room, she noticed that drops of blood had
+begun to flow from the bristles of Lemminkainen's hair-brush. Then she
+began to weep and mourn, and ran and told his mother, who came and saw
+the blood oozing from the brush, and cried out:</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>'Woe is me, for my son, my hero, is in some terrible distress; some
+awful misfortune has happened to him.' Saying this she hurried off, and
+went straight to Louhi's house. There she asked what had become of her
+son, but Louhi only replied that she did not know, that he had driven
+off long ago in a sledge she had given him,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">p. 78</a></span> and perhaps the wolves or
+bears had eaten him.</p>
+
+<p>'Thou art only telling falsehoods,' replied Lemminkainen's mother, 'for
+no bears or wolves can devour him; he would put them to sleep with his
+magic singing. Now, tell me truly, O Louhi, whither thou hast sent my
+son, or I will destroy all thy storehouses and even thy magic Sampo.'</p>
+
+<p>And then Louhi said that she had given him a copper boat, and he had
+floated off on the river; perhaps he had perished in the rapids below.
+But Lemminkainen's mother answered: 'Thou art still speaking falsely.
+Tell me the truth this time, or I will send plague and death upon thee.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Louhi answered the third time: 'I will tell thee the truth. I sent
+him to fetch me the Hisi-reindeer, and then after the fire-breathing
+horse, and last of all, after the swan that swims the death-stream,
+Tuoni, that he might gain the hand of my fairest daughter. He may have
+perished there, for he has not come back since to ask for my daughter's
+hand.'</p>
+
+<p>No sooner had Louhi said this than the anxious mother hurried off to
+hunt for her son. Over hills and valleys, through marsh and forest, and
+over the wide waters she went, but looked for him in vain. Then she
+asked the Trees if they had seen him but they answered: 'We have more
+than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">p. 79</a></span> enough to think of with our own griefs. We are cut down with cruel
+axes and burned to death, and no one pities us.'</p>
+
+<p>So she wandered on and on, and finally she asked the Paths if they had
+seen her son pass by. But the Paths replied: 'Our own lives are too
+wretched to think of other people's sorrows. We are trodden under foot
+by beasts and men, and the heavy carts cut us in pieces.'</p>
+
+<p>Next she asked the Moon, but the Moon replied: 'I have trouble enough of
+my own. I have to wander all alone in both summer and winter nights, and
+have no rest.'</p>
+
+<p>Next she questioned the Sun, and he was kinder than the rest, and told
+her how her son had died in the gloomy river Tuoni.</p>
+
+<p>Then she hastened to Ilmarinen, the wondrous smith, and bade him make a
+huge rake for her out of copper, with teeth a hundred fathoms long and
+the handle five hundred fathoms. Ilmarinen quickly forged a magic rake,
+and she hurried off with it to the gloomy river Tuoni, praying as she
+went: 'O Sun, whom Ukko hath created, shine for me now with magic power
+into the kingdom of death, into dark Manala, and lull all the evil
+spirits there to sleep.'</p>
+
+<p>The Sun came and sat upon a birch-tree near the river of Tuoni, and
+shone upon the Deathland, Tuonela, until all the spirits fell asleep.
+Then he rose, and hovering over<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">p. 80</a></span> them, warmed them into a yet deeper
+slumber, and then hurried back to his place in the sky.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile Lemminkainen's mother had raked a long time in the coal-black
+river, but could find nothing. Then she waded in deeper and deeper,
+until she could reach into the deepest caverns with her rake. First, she
+found his jacket, and then the rest of his clothing; and finally, the
+third time she swept her rake along, it brought up Lemminkainen's body,
+but the hands and arms and head were still missing. Still she went on
+with her search, and at length all the pieces were gathered together.</p>
+
+<p>When she had laid them beside each other, in their proper positions, she
+began to pray to the goddess of the veins, Suonetar, and the maiden of
+the ether, to come and join the different parts together, and to sew up
+the wounds and make him whole. And then she prayed to the mighty Ukko to
+help them, and to heal every part that was wounded or bruised, to touch
+them with his magic touch, and restore Lemminkainen to life.</p>
+
+<p>And Ukko did so, and Lemminkainen lived once more, but he was still
+blind and deaf and dumb. But his mother considered deeply how she might
+restore these senses to him, and at length she called the little bee to
+her, and bade it go out and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">p. 81</a></span> collect honey from the healing plants in
+the meadows. So the bee flew away and returned very soon laden with
+honey from all the healing plants, and she anointed her son with this,
+but it only gave him his sight, and still left him deaf and dumb.</p>
+
+<p>Again the mother sent off the bee, telling it to go across the seven
+oceans, and to alight on an enchanted isle in the eighth. There it would
+find magic honey to bring back. The bee did as it was told and found the
+magic honey-balm in tiny earthen vessels, and flew back with seven
+vessels in its arms and seven on each shoulder, all filled with the
+magic honey-balm. Lemminkainen's mother anointed him with this, and he
+could hear, but still remained speechless.</p>
+
+<p>Then the mother bade the bee fly up to the seventh heaven and to bring
+down from thence the honey of Ukko's wisdom, which was so abundant
+there. When the bee declared that it could not fly so high, she told it
+the way and sent it off. So the bee flew up and up, and at the end of
+the first day it rested on the moon. At the end of the second day it
+reached the shoulders of the Great Bear, and on the third day it flew
+over the Great Bear's head and reached the seventh heaven of Ukko. There
+it found three golden kettles, and in the first was a balm that gave
+ease to the heart, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">p. 82</a></span> the balm in the second gave happiness, but the
+balm of the third kettle gave life. So the bee took some of the
+life-giving balm and hastened back to earth.</p>
+
+<p>Then Lemminkainen's mother anointed him with this magic balm, speaking a
+magic spell as she rubbed him with it, and immediately he awoke, and his
+first words were: 'Truly I have been sleeping long, but yet my sleep was
+a sweet one, for I knew neither joy nor sorrow.'</p>
+
+<p>When his mother asked how he had gone thither and who it was that had
+harmed him, he told her all&mdash;how Louhi had sent him for the swan, and
+how old Nasshut, the blind Northland shepherd, had sent the serpent
+against him and killed him, for he did not know the charm to cure the
+sting of serpents. Then his mother upbraided him for his ignorance, and
+told him how the serpent was born from the marrow of the duck and the
+brain of swallows, mixed with Suojatar's saliva, and she told him too
+what the spell was to use against them. Thus his mother brought him back
+to life and health, and he was wiser and handsomer than ever, but still
+he was downhearted.</p>
+
+<p>His mother asked him the reason of this, and he replied that he was
+still thinking of Louhi's daughter and longing for her as his bride, but
+that first he must shoot the wild<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">p. 83</a></span> swan. But his mother answered: 'Do
+not think of the wild swan, nor yet of Louhi's daughters. Return with me
+to Kalevala to thy home, and thank and praise thy Maker, Ukko, that he
+hath saved thee, for I alone could never have saved thee from dismal
+Manala.'</p>
+
+<p>So Lemminkainen hastened home with his mother,&mdash;back again to his
+pleasant home in Kalevala.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>Every one expressed satisfaction that Lemminkainen had been restored to
+life&mdash;'for, you see,' said Mimi, 'though he was really a bad man, he did
+so many wonderful things that you just can't help wishing for him not to
+be killed.'</p>
+
+<p>But now it had grown quite late, nearly nine o'clock, and so they all
+ate their supper and then Erik and Father Mikko sat smoking and talking
+while Mother Stina and the little ones went into the other room to
+bed,&mdash;for Erik had actually two rooms in his house,&mdash;and it isn't every
+Finnish country cabin that has that, you know. They talked of their
+country, for that was the dearest subject to both of them,&mdash;they were
+intelligent men for their class,&mdash;and when Father Mikko told how the
+Russian Tsar was taking their liberties away from them, and was
+beginning to break all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">p. 84</a></span> his oaths and promises and would no doubt end up
+by making them as badly off as the people on the south side of the
+Finnish Gulf&mdash;when Father Mikko related all this, Erik's eyes flashed
+and he longed to be able to draw the sword to defend his beloved
+country's liberty.</p>
+
+<p>But at last they had gone over all these things and were sleepy
+themselves, so they made up their beds on some <ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'sheepskin'">sheep-skin</ins> rugs on the
+floor, and soon fell into a sound sleep.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>The next day it was still storming, and so Father Mikko gave up all idea
+of leaving that day. About three o'clock in the afternoon&mdash;it was dark
+as night then&mdash;they had all finished dinner and settled down around the
+fire as on the day before, and Father Mikko was easily persuaded to go
+on with his stories.</p>
+
+<p>Erik was at work on a pair of snow-shoes, just like those that
+Lemminkainen wore in the story of the hunt after the Hisi-deer. They
+were nearly finished&mdash;about six feet long and five inches wide in the
+broadest part, with a place in the middle to fasten them on to the feet,
+and the front ends were turned up. All that now remained to be done was
+to polish them off, and Erik worked at this while Father Mikko told his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">p. 85</a></span>
+stories. The children had enough to do to watch 'Pappa' Mikko's face and
+listen to the wonderful tales, and Mother Stina was busy with some
+sewing&mdash;she couldn't spin because the noise of the wheel would have
+drowned Father Mikko's voice.</p>
+
+<p>'Now that we have brought Lemminkainen back from the Death-river,' the
+old man said, 'we will see what Wainamoinen was doing all this while.'
+So he began as follows:</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">p. 86</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 331px;">
+<a name="ch16" id="ch16" href="images/hd-flora-1-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-1.jpg" width="331" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>WAINAMOINEN'S BOAT-BUILDING</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/w.jpg" alt="W" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_w">WAINAMOINEN started to build a boat from the Rainbow-maiden's distaff,
+but he had soon used up all his timber, and the boat was far from
+finished. So he asked Sampsa (the planter of the first trees that grew
+on earth) to go and search out the needful timber in order to finish the
+boat.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Sampsa started off with a golden axe upon his shoulder and a copper
+hatchet in his belt. He wandered through the mountain forests, and at
+length came upon a great aspen, and was just going to cut it down, when
+the aspen asked him what he wanted. 'I wish to take your timber for a
+vessel,' Sampsa replied, 'that the wise magician Wainamoinen is
+building.' Then the aspen answered: 'All the boats that have been made
+of my wood have been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">p. 87</a></span> but failures; they float but a little way, and
+then sink to the ocean's bottom, for my trunk is full of hollow places,
+where the worms have eaten my wood.'</p>
+
+<p>So Sampsa left the aspen and searched still further, until he came to a
+pine-tree that was even taller than the aspen was. Sampsa struck a blow
+with his axe, and at the same time asked the pine-tree if it would
+furnish good timber for Wainamoinen's boat. But the pine-tree answered:
+'All the ships that have been made from me are useless. I am full of
+imperfections, for the ravens live among my branches and bring
+ill-luck.'</p>
+
+<p>And Sampsa was obliged to leave the pine-tree and go on until he came to
+a tremendous oak-tree, whose trunk was thicker than the height of even
+the tallest men. And he asked the oak-tree if it would furnish wood for
+Wainamoinen's boat. 'I will gladly furnish the wood,' replied the
+oak-tree, 'for I am tall and sound and strong. The warm sun shines upon
+me for three months in the summer, and the sacred cuckoo dwells in my
+branches and brings good fortune.' So Sampsa quickly felled the oak, and
+brought the timber, skilfully hewn, to Wainamoinen.</p>
+
+<p>The wise magician Wainamoinen then began to put his boat together by the
+aid of magic spells. The first magic song that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">p. 88</a></span> he sang joined the
+framework together, and the second song fastened the planking into the
+ribs, and the third put the rowlocks in place and made the oars. But,
+alas! when all this was done, there were still three magic words needed
+to complete the stem and stern and bulwarks.</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen saw that all his labour was in vain unless he found the
+three magic words, for unless the stern and stem were fastened and the
+bulwarks built, the boat could never put to sea. He pondered long over
+where he might find the lost words, and after a while he concluded that
+they might be found in the brains of swallows and the heads of swans and
+the plumage of the sea-duck. But though he killed great numbers of these
+birds, he could not find the three lost words. Then he thought that he
+might find them on the tongues of reindeers or of the squirrels; but
+though he killed great numbers of them, and found many words on their
+tongues, the three lost words were not there.</p>
+
+<p>Then he said to himself: 'I will seek the lost words in the kingdom of
+Manala; there are countless words to be found there in the Deathland.'
+So off he went, travelling for three weeks over hill and dale, through
+marshes and thickets, until at length he came to the river of Tuoni.
+There he called out in a voice like thunder: 'Bring a boat,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">p. 89</a></span> O daughter
+of Tuoni, and ferry me over this black and fatal river.'</p>
+
+<p>Tuoni's daughter, a wee little dwarf, but very wise and ancient, bade
+him first say why he wished to come into the Deathland while he was
+still alive. And first Wainamoinen answered that Tuoni himself, the
+death-god, had sent him. But the maid replied: 'Had Tuoni brought thee,
+he would now be with thee, and thou wouldst be wearing his cap and
+gloves.' So Wainamoinen answered again: 'I was slain by an iron weapon.'
+But the maid would not believe him, because he had no bleeding wound.
+Then he said the third time, that he had been washed there by the river.
+But still the maid would not believe him, for his clothing was not wet.
+And the fourth time he said that fire had burnt him. But the maid
+replied: 'If the fire had brought thee to Manala, thy hair and eyebrows
+and beard would be all singed and burnt. But now I ask thee for the last
+time what it is that hath brought thee, living, hither. Tell me the
+truth this time.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen told her that he had been building a boat by magic, but
+that he yet lacked one spell, and had come thither to seek it. When he
+had said this, Tuoni's daughter came across and rowed him to the
+opposite side, having first tried to dissuade him from coming. But
+Wainamoinen was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">p. 90</a></span> not afraid; and when he had landed he walked straight
+up to the abode of Tuoni.</p>
+
+<p>There Tuonetar, Tuoni's wife, gave him a golden goblet filled with beer,
+saying: 'Drink Tuoni's beer, O wise and ancient Wainamoinen!' But he
+carefully inspected the liquor before he tasted it, and saw that it was
+black and full of the spawn of frogs and poisonous serpent-broods; and
+he said to Tuonetar: 'I have not come hither to drink Tuoni's poisons,
+for they that do so will surely be destroyed.'</p>
+
+<p>Tuonetar then asked him why he had come, and he told her of his
+boat-building, and how he still needed the three magic words, and that
+he hoped to find them there. 'Tuoni will never reveal them,' Tuonetar
+said; 'nor shalt thou ever leave these gates alive;' and as she spoke
+she waved the slumber-wand over Wainamoinen's head, and he sank into a
+deep sleep. And to make sure of his not escaping, Tuoni's son, a hideous
+wizard with only three fingers, wove nets of iron and of copper, and set
+them all through the river, to catch Wainamoinen if by any chance he
+should get so far.</p>
+
+<p>But Wainamoinen soon freed himself from Tuonetar's slumber-spell, and
+knowing in how great danger he was, he instantly transformed himself
+into a serpent, and wriggled his way to the river, and through<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">p. 91</a></span> the nets
+that had been set to catch him, until at length he came out safe into
+the land of the living again; and the next morning, when Tuoni's wizard
+son went to look at his nets, he found all kinds of evil fish and
+serpents, but not the wise old magician.</p>
+
+<p>But Wainamoinen prayed to Ukko: 'I thank thee, O Ukko, that thou hast
+protected me; but never suffer any other of thy heroes, not even the
+wisest, to go against the laws of nature to the awful Tuonela. For there
+are but few who return from thence.'</p>
+
+<p>And then Wainamoinen called together the people on the plains of
+Kalevala, and spoke to the young men and maidens, saying: 'Listen, all
+ye young people. Never disobey your parents; never harm the innocent,
+nor wrong the weak, nor utter falsehood, else ye will pay the penance
+for it in the gloomy prison of Manala; for there is the dwelling-place
+of the wicked, and a place for the guilty. Beneath the burning rocks
+there are fiery couches, with pillows of hissing serpents, and coverlets
+of green writhing vipers. And the wicked there drink the blood of
+adders, but have nothing to eat at all. If ye would be happy, shun this
+abode of the wicked ones in Tuonela.'</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>'But I thought Wainamoinen wasn't to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">p. 92</a></span> use any wood for his boat except
+the pieces of the distaff,' said Mimi.</p>
+
+<p>'Well, you see,' said Father Mikko, 'the main thing was to build the
+boat by <i>magic</i>, and we'll see now how he did that. I don't believe a
+little extra wood made any difference.' So he went on:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a name="i4" id="i4" href="images/illus-4-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/illus-4.jpg" width="400" height="431" alt="A LAPLAND WIZARD." title="" />
+</a>
+<span class="caption">A LAPLAND WIZARD.</span>
+</div>
+
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">p. 95</a></span></p>-->
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 318px;">
+<a name="ch17" id="ch17" href="images/hd-rose-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-rose.jpg" width="318" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>WAINAMOINEN FINDS THE LOST WORDS</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/w.jpg" alt="W" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_w">WAINAMOINEN had failed to find the three magic words in the Deathland,
+and now he sat and pondered whither he should go next to seek them.
+While he was thinking over this, a shepherd came to him and said: 'Thou
+canst find a thousand words of wisdom on the tongue of the dead hero
+Wipunen. I know the road that leads to his grave: first, thou must
+journey a long distance over the points of needles, and then a long way
+upon the edges of sharp swords, and then a third road on the edges of
+hatchets.'</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen considered how he should be able to walk over the
+needles and swords and hatchets, and at last hit on a plan. He went to
+the smith Ilmarinen and bade him make shoes of iron, and gloves of
+copper, and a magic staff 
+strongest metal, as he was going to seek the lost words from the wise
+Wipunen. Ilmarinen made him the shoes and gloves and staff, but said:
+‘The wise magician Wipunen died long ages ago, he surely cannot tell
+thee the magic words.’ Still Wainamoinen was not disheartened, but began
+his journey. The first day he hurried along over the points of needles,
+and all the second day over the sword edges, and on the evening of the
+third day he had come across the edges of the hatchets and reached the
+spot where Wipunen lay buried. From Wipunen’s shoulders grew great
+aspens, on each temple grew a birch-tree, on his mighty chin an alder,
+from his beard grew willows, from his mouth a fir-tree, and an oak upon
+his forehead. Then Wainamoinen drew his magic hatchet from its leather
+sheath, and cut down all the trees that were growing over Wipunen. And
+then he took his magic staff and thrust it between Wipunen’s teeth and
+prised open his mouth, and as he did so, he sang a spell to bring
+Wipunen’s spirit back from the Deathland, Tuonela. And when the spell
+was sung, Wipunen felt the pain of the staff within his mouth, and bit
+it so hard that he cut clear through the iron outside, but the centre
+was of steel, too hard even for Wipunen’s teeth. So he opened his mouth
+wide in anguish, and as he did so Wainamoinen slipped and fell headlong,
+armour and all, right down his throat. And Wipunen said, as he swallowed
+him: ‘I have eaten sheep and reindeer, bears and oxen, but I have never
+tasted a sweeter morsel than this.’ But now Wainamoinen was sorely per-
+plexed to know what he should do. After pondering over the matter, he
+took a dagger that he wore, and from the wooden handle he built a boat
+by the aid of magic spells, and began to row all through the old
+magician’s body, through every single vein and vessel, but Wipunen
+scarcely felt it, and paid no attention to him. Then Wainamoinen thought
+again, and taking off his armour he made it into a forge with bellows
+and all complete, and used his knees for an anvil and his arm for a
+hammer, and started to work. For three days he worked away inside the
+magician’s body, until the bellows blew a perfect whirl-wind and the
+anvilirang like thunder. At length old Wipunen could bear it no longer
+and cried out : ‘What great magician art thou, for I have eaten many
+men and heroes, but never such an one as thou: for the smoke is pouring
+from my nostrils, and the fire streams from my mouth, and my throat is
+full of iron clinkers. Go and leave me, wretched torturer!
+Why hast thou come hither to hurt me? Art thou a trial
+of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">p. 96</a></span> sent by mighty Ukko, for if so I will
+be resigned, but if thou art of some human race, I will search out thy
+tribe and destroy it. Leave my body, cease thy forging, let me rest in
+peace and slumber. Or if thou wilt not leave me, I will call on all the
+great magicians of the past, the spirits of the mountains and woods and
+seas and rivers, on Ilmatar, daughter of the ether, to assist me. Or if
+these be not sufficient, I will call on mighty Ukko to drive thee forth.
+If thou art from the winds, then return to the copper mountains where
+they live; if from the sea, return to it; if from the forests, then
+return to them, or I will drive thee to the bottom of the coal-black
+river of Tuoni, whence thou shalt never move again.'</p>
+
+<p>'I am well contented here,' said Wainamoinen, 'in these roomy caverns. I
+can eat thy heart and flesh and for drink I will take thy blood. And I
+will set my forge still deeper in thy vitals, and will swing my hammer
+still harder on thy heart and lungs and liver. I shall never leave thee
+until I learn all thy wisdom, and the three lost words, that all thy
+magic knowledge may not perish with thee from the earth.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Wipunen began to sing all his knowledge and his magic spells for
+Wainamoinen. He sang the origin of witchcraft, the source of good and
+evil and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">p. 97</a></span> how by the will of Ukko the water was first divided from the
+ether. And next he sang of how the moon and sun were made, and whence
+the colours of the rainbow came, and how the stars were sprinkled in the
+sky. Three whole days and nights he sang, until the stars and the moon
+stood still to listen, and the very waves of the sea and the tides
+ceased to rise and fall, and the rivers stopped in their courses.</p>
+
+<p>At length Wainamoinen had learned all the wisdom of the great magician,
+and the three lost words, and he made ready to leave Wipunen's body,
+bidding him open wide his mouth that he might get out and leave him for
+ever.</p>
+
+<p>'I have eaten many things, O Wainamoinen,' said Wipunen, 'bears and
+reindeer, wolves and oxen, but never such a thing as thou. Now thou hast
+found the wisdom that thou seekest, go in peace and never come back to
+me.'</p>
+
+<p>Then he opened his mouth wide, and Wainamoinen glided forth and hastened
+swiftly as the deer to Kalevala. First he went into the smithy, and
+Ilmarinen asked him if he had learned the lost words that would enable
+him to finish his vessel. 'I have learned a thousand magic words,'
+answered Wainamoinen, 'and among them are the lost words that I sought.'</p>
+
+<p>Thereupon he hastened off to where his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">p. 98</a></span> vessel lay, and with the three
+lost words he joined the stem and stern and raised the bulwarks. Thus he
+had built the vessel with magic alone, and by magic art he launched it
+too, not touching it with foot or knee or hand, using only magic to push
+it. Thus was the task completed which should gain for him the
+Rainbow-maiden in her beauty.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>'Oh! <i>do</i> hurry and tell us about that,' said Mimi, and Father Mikko
+continued.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">p. 99</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 336px;">
+<a name="ch18" id="ch18" href="images/hd-poppies-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-poppies.jpg" width="336" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE RIVAL SUITORS</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/n.jpg" alt="N" width="70" height="69" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_n">NOW the Rainbow-maiden was really the same as old Louhi's fairest
+daughter, whom Wainamoinen had wooed, and for whom Ilmarinen had made
+the magic Sampo, and Wainamoinen had learned this. So when the magic
+boat was finished, he made ready for a journey to the Northland, to try
+once more to win the fair Pohjola maiden for his bride.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>He ornamented the magic vessel with gold and silver, and painted it
+scarlet, and on the masts he set sails of linen, red, white, and blue.
+Then he stepped on board, and called on Ukko to protect and help him,
+and on the winds to aid him on his way, and off the magic boat flew
+towards Pohjola, never needing an oar to help it.</p>
+
+<p>Annikki, Ilmarinen's sister, was down by the seashore just at dawn that
+morning,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">p. 100</a></span> and as she gazed out over the sea, she saw a blue speck in the
+distance. At first she thought it was a flock of birds, and then as it
+drew nearer it looked like a great tree floating on the water, but at
+last she saw that it was a vessel with but one man in it, and when it
+came still nearer she recognised Wainamoinen.</p>
+
+<p>She called out to him and asked him whither he was going. He replied
+that he was come a-fishing, but Annikki said: 'Thy boat is not rigged
+like a fisher-boat, nor hast thou lines or nets with thee. Tell me the
+truth, O Wainamoinen!' And he answered the second time, that he had come
+to kill wild geese and ducks. But Annikki told him that she knew that
+was untrue, for he had no hunting dogs in the vessel with him, nor any
+weapons. Then he told her that he was sailing to the wars. Annikki
+replied: 'My father often used to sail to war, but in a ship with many
+rowers, and with many armed heroes on board, but thy vessel is surely
+not fitted for battle. Now tell me the truth, O wise Wainamoinen, or
+else I will send a storm-wind after thee and break thy ship in pieces.'</p>
+
+<p>Then he told her the truth, that he was going to woo the Rainbow-maiden,
+Louhi's daughter, and then Annikki knew that he spoke the truth. She
+hurried off to her brother's smithy and said to him: 'Dearest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">p. 101</a></span> brother,
+if thou wilt forge for me a silver loom and gold and silver finger-rings
+and earrings, golden girdles and golden ornaments for my hair, I will
+tell thee something that is very important for thee to know.'</p>
+
+<p>So Ilmarinen promised, and his sister said: 'O Ilmarinen, if thou hopest
+ever to wed the fair maid of Pohjola, thou must hasten and make thy
+sledge ready, for Wainamoinen is now sailing thither in a magic boat to
+win her before thee.' Then Ilmarinen bade his sister prepare a magic
+soap and make a bath ready for him while he was forging the gold and
+silver ornaments that she had bargained for.</p>
+
+<p>When Ilmarinen had finished his work he found the bath and the magic
+soap all ready for him, and he began to wash off the grime and dirt and
+soot of the smithy. When he was through, and came out of the bath, he
+had grown wonderfully bright and handsome, for the magic soap had made
+his cheeks rosy and his eyes bright as moonlight. Then he put on his
+finest garments, soft linen, and silken stockings, a blue vest and
+scarlet trousers, and a fur coat of sealskin, held by buttons made of
+jewels, and a belt with golden buckles. After he was dressed he ordered
+his magic sledge to be harnessed, and on the front placed six cuckoos
+and seven blue-birds that they might sing and charm the Northland
+maiden.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">p. 102</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When all was ready Ilmarinen prayed to great Ukko to send snow that it
+might cover all the country and let his sledge glide easily to Pohjola.
+And the snow came, and Ilmarinen wrapped himself up warmly in <ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'bearskins'">bear-skins</ins>,
+and drove off like the wind, first invoking Ukko's blessing on his
+journey. On he went, over hill and dale, with the cuckoos and <ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'bluebirds'">blue-birds</ins>
+singing on the sledge, and then he drove along the seashore to the north
+in a cloud of snow and sand and mist and sea-foam, looking out for
+Wainamoinen's vessel. On the evening of the third day he caught up with
+Wainamoinen, and called out to him: 'O ancient Wainamoinen, let us woo
+the maiden peacefully, and let her choose which one of us she will.' To
+this Wainamoinen agreed; and having promised not to use deceit of any
+sort against one another, they hurried on their way,&mdash;Wainamoinen
+calling up the south wind to help him, and Ilmarinen's steed shaking the
+hills of Northland as he galloped on.</p>
+
+<p>Soon they drew near to Louhi's dwelling, and the watchdogs began to bark
+more loudly than they had ever done before. Louhi's husband told his
+daughter to go and see what the trouble was, but she replied that she
+was busy grinding barley, and could not go. Then he told his wife to go,
+but she was too busy cooking dinner. So the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">p. 103</a></span> father grew angry, and
+said: 'Women are always busy either baking or sleeping; go, my son, and
+learn what all the trouble is.' But the son refused, because he was busy
+splitting wood.</p>
+
+<p>So at last Louhi's husband was obliged to go himself, for the dogs kept
+barking louder and louder. There, as soon as he had reached the gate, he
+saw a scarlet-coloured ship sailing into the bay, and a sledge driving
+up along the shore at full speed. Then he hastened back into the house,
+and told them all that he had seen. And Louhi took a branch and gave it
+to her daughter, saying: 'Place this on the fire, my daughter, and if in
+burning it drips blood, then these strangers bring war and bloodshed;
+but if clear water, then they come in peace.'</p>
+
+<p>So the maiden put the branch on the fire, and as they watched it they
+saw honey trickling out, and from this Louhi knew that the two men were
+coming as suitors. Then they hastened out into the courtyard, and saw
+the vessel in the harbour, painted scarlet, and an ancient white-bearded
+magician at the helm; and on the land they saw a brightly-coloured
+sledge, with cuckoos and bluebirds singing on the front, and driven by a
+young and handsome hero.</p>
+
+<p>Louhi immediately recognised them both, and said to her daughter: 'Wilt
+thou have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">p. 104</a></span> one of these suitors, dearest daughter? He that comes in the
+ship is good old Wainamoinen, bringing countless treasures for thee from
+Kalevala. The other in the sledge, with the singing birds, is the
+blacksmith Ilmarinen, who brings no presents save himself. When they
+come into the house bring a pitcher of honey-drink, and give it to the
+one that thou wilt follow. Give it to old Wainamoinen, for he brings
+thee countless treasures.'</p>
+
+<p>But the daughter replied: 'I will never marry a man for riches, but for
+his real worth. Mothers did not use to sell their daughters thus in the
+olden times to suitors whom they did not love. I shall choose Ilmarinen
+for his true worth and wisdom.'</p>
+
+<p>Old Louhi grew angry at this, and tried to change her daughter's mind,
+but all she could say did not move her; and just then Wainamoinen came
+to the house, and addressed the maiden thus: 'Come with me, O lovely
+maiden, be my bride and honoured wife, and share my joys and sorrows
+with me.'</p>
+
+<p>The maiden answered: 'Hast thou built the magic vessel, using neither
+hand nor foot to touch it?'</p>
+
+<p>'I have built it, and brought it hither,' answered Wainamoinen. 'It is
+finely made by magic, and will live in the worst of storms; nothing can
+ever sink it.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">p. 105</a></span></p>
+
+<p>But then the maiden said to him: 'I will not wed a husband born in the
+sea. Storms would bring us trouble, and the winds rack our hearts. I
+cannot go with thee, cannot marry thee, O Wainamoinen.'</p>
+
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">p. 106</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 325px;">
+<a name="ch19" id="ch19" href="images/hd-grapes-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-grapes.jpg" width="325" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>ILMARINEN'S WOOING</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/j.jpg" alt="J" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_j">JUST as Wainamoinen had received his answer, Ilmarinen came hurrying
+into the house and into the guest-room. There servants brought him
+honey-drink in silver pitchers, but he said: 'I will never taste the
+drink of Northland till I see the Rainbow-maiden. With her I will gladly
+drink, for I have come hither to seek her hand.' Then Louhi said to him:
+'The maiden is not ready to receive thee, and thou may not woo her
+before thou hast ploughed the field of hissing serpents. Once the evil
+spirit Lempo ploughed it, but it has never been done since.'</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Ilmarinen wandered off sadly, but while he was pondering over what he
+should do, he saw the lovely maid herself. He went up to her and said:
+'Long ago I forged the Sampo for thee, and then thou promised to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">p. 107</a></span> become
+my wife. But now thy mother demands that I first plough the field of
+serpents before I win thee.' But the maiden comforted him, and told him
+how to plough the field with a plough of gold and silver and copper.</p>
+
+<p>So Ilmarinen went off and built a smithy, and placed in the furnace gold
+and silver and copper and iron. And from these he forged a plough, with
+ploughshare of gold and beam of silver and copper handles; and for
+himself he made boots and gloves and armour of iron; and as he worked he
+sang magic spells to give his work power to overcome the serpents. Then
+he harnessed to the plough the fire-breathing Hisi-horse, and went into
+the field. There were serpents of every sort, creeping and crawling over
+one another, and hissing horribly, but Ilmarinen cast a spell over them,
+and ploughed the field, so that all the snakes were buried in the
+furrows. And then he went to Louhi, and claimed her daughter's hand.</p>
+
+<p>But Louhi refused to let him have her daughter until he should catch the
+great bear of Manala, and bring him to her. So he went off to the maid
+again, and told her what old Louhi had demanded of him. The lovely
+maiden instructed him how to prepare a muzzle for the bear, forging it
+of steel on a rock beneath the water, at a spot where<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">p. 108</a></span> three currents
+met together, and the straps were to be of steel and copper mixed. And
+Ilmarinen made a muzzle as she had directed, and set off for Manala, the
+dismal Deathland. As he went he prayed to the goddess of the mists to
+send a fog where the great bear of Manala was, so that he might not see
+Ilmarinen as he approached. And the goddess sent the fog, and Ilmarinen
+was able to creep up to the bear and throw the magic muzzle over his
+head, and then to lead him to Louhi without any trouble.</p>
+
+<p>When he had brought the bear to her, he asked her again for her lovely
+daughter's hand. But Louhi said to him: 'Thou must perform one more task
+still, and then, when that is done, thou shalt have my dear daughter.
+Catch for me the monster-pike that lives in the river of Tuoni, but thou
+may not use hook, nor line, nor nets, nor boat. Hundreds have been sent
+to catch it, but all have died in Tuoni's dark waters.'</p>
+
+<p>And now Ilmarinen was deeply discouraged, and went off to tell the
+maiden of this third task, which he thought it was impossible to do. But
+she told him to forge an eagle in his magic furnace, and that the eagle
+would catch the monster-pike for him. So Ilmarinen went to work and
+forged an eagle in his smithy: talons of iron, beak of steel and copper.
+And when the eagle was entirely made from iron and copper, he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">p. 109</a></span> mounted
+on its back and bade it fly away to the river of Tuoni, there to catch
+the monster-pike. When they had reached the bank, Ilmarinen dismounted
+and began to search for the pike, while the eagle hovered over the
+water. While Ilmarinen was searching, a huge monster rose from the
+depths and tried to seize him, but the eagle swooped down, and with one
+bite of his mighty beak, wrenched off the monster's head. Still
+Ilmarinen continued his search, until at last the monster-pike itself
+rose up to seize him. But as it came to the surface, the giant-eagle
+swooped down upon it, and buried its talons in the pike's flesh. Then
+the fish, maddened with the pain, rushed down to the deepest caverns,
+dragging the eagle with it until the bird had to loose its hold and soar
+aloft again. A second time the eagle swooped down and struck deep into
+the pike's shoulders; but the pike dived to the bottom again and
+escaped. At last the eagle made a third descent, and this time grasped
+the pike firmly with his beak of steel, and planted his talons firmly on
+the rocks, and this time he succeeded in dragging the pike from out the
+river.</p>
+
+<p>Then the eagle flew off with the pike to the top of a tall pine-tree,
+and there ate the body of his victim, leaving the head for Ilmarinen.
+But the eagle himself soared up into the air, up beyond the clouds,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">p. 110</a></span> and
+at length disappeared behind the sun.</p>
+
+<p>Ilmarinen returned to Louhi with the pike's head and again claimed her
+daughter in marriage. Louhi answered him: 'Thou hast performed this last
+task but badly, since thou only brought me the worthless head. But
+still, since thou hast completed the other tasks also, I will give thee
+my fair daughter. Thou hast won the Maid of Beauty, to be the help and
+joy of all thy future life.'</p>
+
+<p>But while Ilmarinen was rejoicing in his good fortune, the aged
+Wainamoinen wandered sorrowfully homewards, bewailing his sad lot, thus
+to be compelled to live without a wife to cheer his home. 'Woe is me,'
+he sang, 'that I did not woo and marry in my youth, for the old men
+cannot hope to conquer the young ones when they go a-wooing.'</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>When this story was ended, Father Mikko stopped a while to rest, and the
+others discussed the stories that he had just told. All were pleased
+that the Rainbow-maiden had chosen Ilmarinen instead of the aged
+Wainamoinen, and little Antero asked 'Pappa' Mikko what they had had to
+eat at the wedding&mdash;he was rather more deeply interested in things to
+eat than anything else&mdash;so Father Mikko continued, after he had rested a
+while.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">p. 111</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 323px;">
+<a name="ch20" id="ch20" href="images/hd-apples-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-apples.jpg" width="323" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a></div>
+
+<h2>THE BREWING OF BEER</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/g.jpg" alt="G" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_g">GREAT preparations were now made in Louhi's home for her daughter's
+wedding with Ilmarinen. In distant Karjala, a part of Kalevala, was a
+great ox, the largest in the world. It took a weasel seven days to
+travel round his neck and shoulders; the swallow had to fly a whole day
+without resting, to get from one horn-tip to the other; the squirrel
+travelled thirty days, starting from the tail, before he reached the
+shoulders. This great ox was led by a thousand heroes to Pohjola, to
+Louhi's house, but when he had come thither, no one could be found to
+kill him.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then there came an aged hero from Karjala, and went up to the ox to kill
+him with his war-club. But the ox turned and gave him one fierce glance,
+and the old warrior dropped his club and ran away and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">p. 112</a></span> hid in the
+forest. Then they sent forth far and near to find some one to kill the
+ox, but no one came. At last there arose from the sea a tiny dwarf, who,
+when he stepped on land, grew suddenly into a giant, with hands of iron,
+a copper-coloured face, a hat of flint upon his head, and sandstone
+shoes upon his feet. As soon as this sea-spirit saw the ox, he rushed at
+it and killed it with one blow of his golden sword. Thus was the meat
+provided for the feast.</p>
+
+<p>The banquet-hall was so large that when a dog barked at one door no one
+could hear him at the opposite side, and when a cock crowed on the roof
+no one on the ground could hear him. Louhi went in thither, to see that
+all was being put in readiness, but while she was there she said aloud
+as if to herself: 'Whence will I get the liquor for my guests, for I
+know nothing of the secret of beer-brewing?'</p>
+
+<p>An old man was sitting beside the fire, and he answered her: 'Beer comes
+from barley, hops, and water. The seed of the hops were scattered
+loosely over the earth, and from them arose the graceful hop-vine,
+climbing over everything. The barley was planted in the land of
+Kalevala, and it grew and flourished there.</p>
+
+<p>'Then the hops, clinging to the trees, began to hum, and the barley and
+the water in the wells to sing, saying: "Let us join<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">p. 113</a></span> our forces
+together, that we may live united, for that is far better than to be
+separated as we now are." So the ancient maiden Osmotar took six golden
+grains of barley, seven hops, and seven cups of water, and set them in a
+caldron on the fire. There she let them steep and boil during the warm
+summer days, and at length poured off the liquor into tubs made of
+birch-wood. Now she pondered long how she should make the liquor ferment
+and cause it to foam and sparkle.</p>
+
+<p>'Then Osmotar called one of the Kalevala maidens and bade her step into
+the birchen tub. The maiden did so, and on looking around she saw a
+splinter of wood lying on the bottom. She picked it up, thinking it was
+worthless, but nevertheless she took it to Osmotar. Osmotar rubbed her
+hands upon her knees and turned the bit of wood into a white squirrel.
+As soon as she had made the squirrel, she sent it off to Tapio's
+kingdom, to the great forest, and commanded it to bring her cones from
+the magic fir-trees and young shoots from the magic pines. And the
+squirrel hurried off and travelled through the forest until it came to
+Tapio's home. There it found three magic pine-trees growing, and three
+fir-trees beside them, and having taken the young shoots and the cones
+and stowed them in its pouch, it came back again to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">p. 114</a></span> Osmotar. But when
+she put the cones and pine-shoots into the beer, it still refused to
+ferment.</p>
+
+<p>'So Osmotar made the Kalevala maiden get into the birchen tub once more,
+and this time the maiden found a chip upon the bottom. When she took it
+to Osmotar, the latter rubbed her hands upon her knees again, and turned
+the chip into a magic golden-breasted marten. Then she sent the marten
+off to the dens of the mountain bears, to gather the foam from their
+angry lips as they fought with one another. The marten flew away, and
+soon returned with the foam that it had gathered from the mouths of the
+raging bears. But when Osmotar added it to the liquor there was no
+effect, and the beer remained as still as ever.</p>
+
+<p>'For a third time, then, the maid of Kalevala stepped into the tub, and
+this time found a pod on the bottom. Osmotar took the pod and rubbed it
+between her hands and knees, and there flew out of it a honeybee. She
+sent the bee off to the Islands of the Sea, telling it to go to a meadow
+there, where a maiden lay asleep, and growing by the maiden's side there
+were honey-grasses and fragrant flowers. From these the bee was to
+collect the honey and bring it back. The bee flew off straight over the
+ocean, and on the evening of the third day reached<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">p. 115</a></span> the Isles of the
+Sea, where it found the maiden fast asleep amongst the flowers, clad in
+a silver robe, with a girdle of copper. By her grew the loveliest and
+sweetest of flowers and grasses, and the bee loaded itself down with
+their honey and returned to Osmotar with it. This time, when the honey
+was placed in the beer it began to ferment and rise and bubble and foam
+until it filled all the tubs and ran over on the sands.</p>
+
+<p>'When the beer was ready, all the heroes of Kalevala came to drink it,
+and Lemminkainen drank so much that he became intoxicated. But Osmotar,
+now that she had made the beer, did not know how to keep it, for it was
+still running out of the tubs and over everything. While she was sitting
+and grieving over this, the robin sang to her from an aspen, and told
+her to put it into strong oaken barrels bound with copper hoops, and
+thus the last difficulty was overcome.</p>
+
+<p>'Thus was beer first brewed from hops and barley,' continued the old
+man, 'and the beer of Kalevala is famed to strengthen the feeble, to
+cheer the sad, to make the old young, and the timid brave. It makes the
+heart joyful and puts wise sayings on the tongue, but the fool it makes
+still more foolish.'</p>
+
+<p>Thus the old man ended his account of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">p. 116</a></span> the origin of beer, and Louhi,
+who had listened to him carefully, took all the tubs she had and put
+hops and barley in them, and water on top, and then lit huge fires to
+heat stones, that she might drop them in the mixture and make it boil.
+She made such a great quantity of beer that the springs were emptied and
+the forests grew small, and such a vast column of smoke went up as
+filled half of Pohjola and was seen even in distant Karjala and
+Lemminkainen's home. And all the people there thought it arose from some
+mighty battle between great heroes. But Lemminkainen pondered over it,
+and at last he found out that it was the fires for Louhi's beer-making
+for the wedding feast, and he grew bitterly angry, for Louhi had refused
+<i>him</i> her daughter's hand, and now had given her to Ilmarinen.</p>
+
+<p>But now the beer was ready and was stored away in casks hooped with
+copper, and thousands of delicate dishes were made ready for the feast.
+But when all was nearly ready the beer began to grow impatient in its
+casks, and cried out for the guests to come that songs might be sung in
+its honour. So Louhi sent first for a pike and a salmon to sing its
+praises, but they could not do it. Next she sent for a boy, but the boy
+was too ignorant to sing the praises of the beer, and all this time the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">p. 117</a></span>
+beer was calling out more and more loudly from its prison. Then Louhi
+determined to invite the guests at once, lest the beer should break
+forth from the casks.</p>
+
+<p>So she called one of her servants and said to her: 'Go, my trusted
+servant, and call together all the Pohjola people to the banquet. Go out
+into the highways too, and bring in all the poor and blind and cripples,
+the old and the young, that they may be merry at my daughter's wedding.
+And ask all the people of Karjala and the ancient Wainamoinen, but be
+sure thou dost not invite wild Lemminkainen.' At this the servant asked
+why she was not to ask Lemminkainen, and Louhi answered: 'Lemminkainen
+must not come, for he loves war and strife, and would bring disturbance
+and sorrow to our feast, and scoff at our maidens.'</p>
+
+<p>And the servant, having learned from Louhi how she should recognise
+Lemminkainen, set off and invited rich and poor, old and young, the
+deaf, the blind, and the cripples in all Pohjola and Karjala, but did
+not ask Lemminkainen.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">p. 118</a></span>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 331px;">
+<a name="ch21" id="ch21" href="images/hd-flora-1-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-1.jpg" width="331" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>ILMARINEN'S WEDDING FEAST</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/a.jpg" alt="A" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_a">AT length the guests began to arrive, and Ilmarinen came escorted by
+hundreds of his friends, driving a coal-black steed, and with the same
+birds singing on his sledge as when he came to woo the Rainbow-maiden,
+Louhi's fairest daughter. When he alighted from his sledge, Louhi sent
+her best servants to take the steed and give him the very best of food
+in a manger of pure gold. But as Ilmarinen advanced to enter the house,
+they found that he was too tall to pass through the doorway without
+stooping, which would have been very unlucky: so Louhi had to have the
+top beam taken away before he could enter.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Inside the dwelling was so changed that no one would have recognised it.
+Louhi had cast a magic spell over it, and all the beams and door and
+window-sills were made <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">p. 119</a></span>
+from bones that gleamed like ivory; the
+windows were adorned with trout-scales, and the fires were set in
+flowers; and the seats and tables and floors were of gold and silver and
+copper, with marble hearth-stones and silken carpets on the floors.
+Louhi bade Ilmarinen welcome when he came into the guest-hall, and
+calling up her servant-maidens, she gazed at her daughter's suitor. The
+maidens bore wax tapers, and by their light the bridegroom looked
+handsomer than ever, and his eyes sparkled like the waves of the sea.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 404px;">
+<a name="i5" id="i5" href="images/illus-5-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/illus-5.jpg" width="404" height="600" alt="LAPP WOMAN IN HOLIDAY COSTUME." title="LAPP WOMAN IN HOLIDAY COSTUME." />
+</a>
+<span class="caption">LAPP WOMAN IN HOLIDAY COSTUME.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then Louhi bade the maidens lead Ilmarinen to the seat of honour at the
+table in the great hall, and then all the other guests took their
+places, and the feast began. First of all the daintiest dishes of every
+sort were served by Louhi to the bridegroom&mdash;honey-biscuits,
+river-salmon, butter, bacon, and every delicacy one can think of&mdash;and
+after he was served, the servants took the dishes around to the others.
+After this the foaming beer was brought in silver pitchers, and all were
+served in the same order.</p>
+
+<p>All the heroes and magicians assembled there began to grow merry, and
+Wainamoinen said that some one should sing the praises of the beer. But
+no one else could be found to do it, and all pressed Wainamoinen to
+sing, so at last he arose and be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">p. 120</a></span>gan. He sang of the beer first, and
+then from his great stock of wisdom he sang them one song after the
+other of the days of old, until every guest grew happy from his magic
+power of song. But when Wainamoinen had finished his singing, he added:
+'Yet I am but a poor singer. For if great Ukko should sing his perfect
+songs of wisdom, he would sing the oceans into honey and the sands to
+berries, and the pebbles into barley, the rivers into beer, the fruit to
+gold, and the mountains into bread. Grant thy blessing, great Ukko, upon
+this feast of ours. Send joy and health and comfort to all those here,
+that we may ever look back with pleasure to Ilmarinen's marriage with
+the fair Maiden of the Rainbow.'</p>
+
+<p>Thus Wainamoinen, the great singer, ended his singing, and the time had
+come for the bride and bridegroom to leave for their distant home in
+Kalevala. But first must Osmotar, the wise maiden, instruct the bride as
+to her future life. Osmotar told her that she must henceforth be
+thoughtful and not foolish, that she must love her husband's kinsfolks
+as her own. Osmotar told her, too, never to be idle, and then instructed
+her in all the many household duties of the wives of Kalevala, but at
+the same time impressed it upon her how wicked she would be if with all
+this she were to forget her own parents. After this Osmotar<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">p. 121</a></span> turned to
+the bridegroom and bade him ever love his bride and honour her, nor ever
+treat her ill.</p>
+
+<p>Thus she advised them both, and they made ready to leave. But the Maiden
+of the Rainbow wept, because she was leaving all the joys and pleasures
+of her youth, and those she loved, to go to a distant land, where all
+would be new and strange, and perhaps, too, hard for her. Yet at length
+all the farewells had been said, the last goodbye was spoken, and the
+two got into their sledge and the next instant the swift black steed
+flew off like an arrow, rushing on toward the land of Kalevala, leaving
+far behind them the gloomy Northland, which was yet so dear to the
+Rainbow-maiden, and which she was never to see again.</p>
+
+<p>Three days they journeyed onward over hill and valley without stopping,
+and the third evening brought them in sight of Ilmarinen's smithy, and
+they could see the smoke rising from the chimneys of their home. There
+they found that they had been expected for a long time, and there was
+great rejoicing when their sledge drove up, with the birds singing
+merrily on its front, and all bright and happy.</p>
+
+<p>Lakko, Ilmarinen's mother, received them at the door and welcomed the
+fair Rainbow-maiden most heartily, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">p. 122</a></span> when the bridal pair had taken
+off their furs, she served them with the very best of food and
+drink&mdash;choicest bits of reindeer, wheaten biscuit, honey-cakes, and fish
+of all sorts, and the best of beer. And while they ate, the others, who
+had been old Louhi's guests, began to arrive, and soon there was a great
+feast going on, almost as great a one as there had been before at
+Louhi's.</p>
+
+<p>While they were all feasting, Wainamoinen arose and began to sing again.
+This time he sang the praises of the bridegroom's father and mother, and
+the bride and groom, and ended up with praising the guests that were
+assembled there. Then he and many of the guests took their leave and
+journeyed off together to their homes. Three days they drove on
+together, and Wainamoinen kept on singing all the time, until suddenly
+his song was cut short, for his sledge ran into a birch-tree and was
+broken into pieces. But Wainamoinen considered the case and then said:
+'Is there any one here who will go to Tuonela, to the Deathland, for the
+auger of Tuoni, that I may mend my sledge with it?' But no one would
+venture on so perilous a journey, so at length Wainamoinen went himself
+and obtained Tuoni's magic auger, and with its aid, on his return, he
+put together his magic sledge again.</p>
+
+<p>Then he harnessed up his steed once more and galloped off to his home.
+Thus<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">p. 123</a></span> ended Ilmarinen's wedding and the feasts that followed it.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>These two stories took Antero's fancy, and he begged that 'Pappa Mikko
+would tell about some more times when they had good things to eat.'</p>
+
+<p>But Father Mikko said: 'People can't be eating all the time, Antero, and
+I think the others would rather hear about what Lemminkainen did, when
+he heard of the feast and was not invited himself.'</p>
+
+<p>Mimi cried 'Yes, yes!' and so the old man began.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">p. 124</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 326px;">
+<a name="ch22" id="ch22" href="images/hd-flora-3-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-3.jpg" width="326" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE ORIGIN OF THE SERPENT</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/a.jpg" alt="A" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_a">AS Lemminkainen was ploughing his fields one day, he heard the noise of
+sledges as if a vast number of people were on their way past. At once he
+guessed the reason, for they were the guests going to Ilmarinen's
+wedding, while he alone had not been invited. Then his face turned pale
+with anger, and he left his ploughing and hastened off to his house.
+When he arrived there, he asked his mother to give him a hearty meal,
+and after that he went to the bath-house and after the bath put on his
+finest garments, as if going to a feast.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>His mother asked him where he was going and he told her that he was
+bound for the great feast that Louhi had prepared. But his mother tried
+to keep him from going, telling him that they did not want him there, or
+else they would have invited<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">p. 125</a></span> him, but he answered: 'This sword with its
+sharp edges constantly reminds me that I am needed in distant Pohjola.'
+His mother spoke again, saying: 'Do not go, my dear son, for Death will
+meet thee thrice upon the way.' Lemminkainen replied that he did not
+fear Death, but would overcome him, but at the same time asked his
+mother what the first danger would be.</p>
+
+<p>'When thou hast travelled for one day,' she replied, 'thou wilt come to
+a stream of fire, with a fiery cataract, and in the fire-fall a rock,
+and on the rock a fiery hill, and on its top an eagle made of flames,
+who devours all that approach him.'</p>
+
+<p>Lemminkainen answered that he would easily pass this danger, and asked
+to know the second. His mother told him: 'When thou hast travelled two
+days, thou wilt come to a fiery pit filled with red-hot stones, and no
+one has ever been able to pass over it.'</p>
+
+<p>But Lemminkainen thought but little of this second danger, and asked his
+mother to tell him what the third one was. She replied: 'When thou hast
+gone one day farther, and hast come to Pohjola, the wolf and the black
+bear will attack thee, and many hundred men have perished in their
+jaws.' But he told her how easily he would overcome them and then have
+conquered all the dangers of the journey. Then his mother added: 'There
+are three things still<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">p. 126</a></span> to conquer. When thou reachest Louhi's dwelling,
+thou wilt find walls built of iron rising up to the sky, and surrounded
+by railings of spears on which are serpents and all manner of venomous
+creatures twisting and creeping about; and right before the gateway lies
+the largest of them all, longer than the rafters of a house. And beyond
+all this, thou wilt find great hosts of armed warriors, who have grown
+angry over their beer and they will certainly kill you. And if thou
+shouldst come into the courtyard, thou wilt find it full of sharp
+stakes, to hold the heads of those that go thither unbidden. Do not
+forget how thou once fared in Pohjola, that had I not saved thee thou
+wouldst now be at the bottom of Tuoni's river.'</p>
+
+<p>Yet after she had warned him of all this, Lemminkainen would not be
+persuaded to remain at home, but put on his magic armour of copper and
+took his father's sword, and his own strongest bow. Then he had his
+steed hitched to a sledge and went out into the courtyard to drive off.
+There his mother bade him farewell and gave him some last words of
+advice, telling him that if he should come to the feast, to drink but
+half of his goblet of beer, for there were serpents in the other half,
+and to behave modestly and not to try to take the best of everything for
+himself.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">p. 127</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When she had ended, Lemminkainen jumped upon his sledge, cracked his
+whip, and drove off like the wind. He had not gone far before a flock of
+wild birds flew across his road and dropped a few feathers on the
+ground. Lemminkainen stopped and picking them up put them carefully in
+his leather pouch, 'for,' he thought, 'no one knows what may happen.' As
+soon as he had picked up the feathers he was off again, but he had not
+gone far when his steed stopped in terror, for there, right in front of
+them, was a broad river of fire, and a fire-fall with a rock in the
+middle, and on the rock a fiery hill, and on the hill a flaming eagle.</p>
+
+<p>The Eagle asked him whither he was going, and Lemminkainen replied that
+he was hurrying to Louhi's feast and begged the Eagle to let him pass.
+'Truly thou shalt pass,' the Eagle answered, 'but only through the
+flames and down my throat.' But Lemminkainen was not dismayed. He took
+out the feathers from his pouch and rubbed them between his fingers, and
+presently there arose a whole flock of birds and flew straight down the
+eagle's mouth so that its hunger was satisfied, then Lemminkainen was
+able to pass over the river by the help of his magic, and to drive on
+his way.</p>
+
+<p>He drove for another day and then his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">p. 128</a></span> horse suddenly stopped again in
+terror, for there was a huge pit full of fire right in front, which
+stretched as far as one could see to east and west. Yet Lemminkainen was
+not discouraged, but prayed to great Ukko, that he would send a great
+storm from all the four points of the compass, and fill the pit with
+snow. And the snow came and as it fell into the seething pit of fire it
+melted and formed a lake; and Lemminkainen quickly cast a spell upon
+this lake so that a solid bridge of ice was formed over it, and he drove
+over in perfect safety.</p>
+
+<p>Thus the second danger was passed and he drove on more swiftly than
+ever. After another day's journey, when he had come near to Louhi's
+abode, his horse stopped again, trembling with fear. This time there
+were a fierce wolf and a great black bear in the road. But Lemminkainen
+put his hand into his leathern pouch and pulled out a tuft of wool. This
+he rubbed between his hands and breathed on it, and it changed into a
+whole flock of sheep, on which the bear and the wolf jumped and left
+Lemminkainen to pursue his journey in peace.</p>
+
+<p>In a very short time he had reached Louhi's house. But there he found
+the great wall of iron and the fence of spears and the horrible snakes
+and lizards that his mother had told him of. Yet he pulled out his magic
+broad sword and cut an opening<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">p. 129</a></span> through the wall and the fence of spears
+and the mass of serpents, and passed through to the gateway. There he
+found a huge serpent with a hundred eyes, each as large as bowls, and a
+thousand tongues long as javelins, and teeth like hatchets. Lemminkainen
+sang one spell, but it was not powerful enough, and the huge monster
+started to rush at him and seize him in its awful mouth. But
+Lemminkainen just in time began to sing a stronger spell.</p>
+
+<p>For evil things cannot bear to have their wicked origin told, and if
+therefore one sings the source of any evil, one makes it harmless at
+once, so Lemminkainen sang: 'If thou wilt not give room for me to pass,
+I will sing of thy evil origin, will tell how thy horrid head was made.
+Suoyatar, thy evil mother, once spat upon the waves of the sea. The
+spittle was rocked by the waves and warmed by the sun, until after a
+long time it was washed ashore. There the daughters of Ukko, the
+Creator, saw it, and said: "What would happen if great Ukko were to
+breathe the breath of life into this writhing, senseless mass?" But Ukko
+overheard them and said: "Naught but evil comes from evil, therefore I
+will not give it life."</p>
+
+<p>'Now, wicked Lempo heard what Ukko had said, and he himself breathed
+into it the breath of life, and shaped it to the form<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">p. 130</a></span> of a serpent,
+adding to the spittle all manner of evil things, every poisonous plant
+and thing from the Deathland. This was thine origin, O Serpent, vilest
+thing of all creation; therefore clear the pathway that I may enter the
+halls of the hostess Louhi.'</p>
+
+<p>Thus sang Lemminkainen, and the serpent uncoiled itself and crawled
+away, while Ahti himself went on through the gateway.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">p. 131</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 324px;">
+<a name="ch23" id="ch23" href="images/hd-flora-4-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-4.jpg" width="324" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2>THE UNWELCOME GUEST</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/t.jpg" alt="T" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_t">THUS Lemminkainen came unbidden to Louhi's abode, but he had arrived too
+late for the feast. He entered the house with such a mighty tread that
+the floors bent under him and the walls and ceilings creaked as he
+advanced. Louhi's husband was seated in the guest-room, and Lemminkainen
+said to him: 'The same greeting to thee that thou givest to me! Are
+there food and beer here for a stranger and barley for a hungry steed?'</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Louhi's husband answered: 'I have never yet refused a place in my
+stables for a stranger's horse, and if thou wilt act honestly there is a
+place for thee between the iron kettles.'</p>
+
+<p>Lemminkainen said: 'When my father Lempo comes to a house as a guest, he
+is well received and given the place of honour.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">p. 132</a></span> Why should I, his son,
+be put between the pots and kettles to be covered with soot?' With these
+words he walked up to the table, and taking his seat he waited to be
+served.</p>
+
+<p>Then Louhi said to him: 'O Lemminkainen, thou wert not invited hither,
+and I feel that thou bringest sorrow with thee. All our dinner was eaten
+and our beer drunk yesterday, and we have nothing left for thee.'</p>
+
+<p>This made Lemminkainen very angry, and he replied: 'O toothless mistress
+of Pohjola, thou hast managed thy feast very badly, for thou hast had
+delicacies of every sort for the others, who gave but trifling presents,
+while for me, who have sent the most of all, thou hast nothing at all
+after my long journey.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Louhi called up one of her meanest servants and bade her serve the
+guest. And there came a little short woman, who made ready a soup out of
+fish-bones and fish-heads and crusts of bread and turnip-stalks, and
+brought him the worst of the servants' beer to quench his thirst with.
+Lemminkainen looked into the pitchers of beer, and saw snakes and worms
+and lizards floating about in them. This made him furiously angry, yet
+he resolved to drink the beer at any rate, and then to punish them for
+their evil treatment of him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">p. 133</a></span> So he drew a fish-hook out of his magic
+wallet, and with it he caught all the evil creatures in the beer and
+killed them with his sword, and drank the beer.</p>
+
+<p>When he had done this, he turned to the host and upbraided him for his
+bad treatment, and finally said that as the Pohjola folk could not treat
+guests decently, perhaps he could purchase good beer at least. At this
+Louhi's husband grew angry and conjured up a little lake in the floor at
+Lemminkainen's feet, and bade him quench his thirst at that. But
+Lemminkainen conjured up a bull with gold and silver horns, that drank
+up all the water. Then Louhi's husband conjured up a wolf to devour the
+bull, but Ahti called up a rabbit to draw off the wolf's attention. Next
+the host conjured up a dog to eat the rabbit, but Ahti drew away the dog
+by means of a squirrel that he called up by his magic. At that the host
+made a golden marten to catch the squirrel, and Lemminkainen a
+scarlet-coloured fox which ate the golden marten. Next the host conjured
+a hen to distract the scarlet fox, and Lemminkainen made a hawk to tear
+the hen to pieces.</p>
+
+<p>Then old Louhi's husband cried: 'We shall never be happy here until thou
+art driven out, O evil Ahti,' and with these words he drew his sword and
+challenged Lemminkainen to combat. So Ahti drew<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">p. 134</a></span> his sword also, and
+when the two were measured, they found that Ahti's was the shorter by
+half an inch.</p>
+
+<p>Then Lemminkainen said to his host: 'Although thou hast the longer
+sword, yet thou shalt begin the fight.'</p>
+
+<p>After this they placed themselves in position, and the host of Pohjola
+began. But so powerful was Lemminkainen's magic that he only hit the
+walls and floor and rafters, but could not touch Ahti himself. Then
+Lemminkainen said sneeringly: 'What harm have the walls and rafters
+done, that thou shouldst cut them to pieces. But come, let us go out
+into the courtyard, that the hall may not be covered with blood.'</p>
+
+<p>So they went out into the yard, and there they spread out an ox-hide,
+and took up their places on it to continue the fight. Lemminkainen again
+allowed the host to begin, and the latter struck three mighty blows, but
+still could not harm Ahti. Then the battle began in real earnest, and
+the sparks flew from their swords until it seemed as if there were a
+sheet of flame flowing from Lemminkainen's sword and down upon the head
+and shoulders of his opponent. And when he saw this, Lemminkainen said:
+'O thou son of Pohjola, see how thy neck is shining like the ocean at
+dawn.'</p>
+
+<p>The other turned without thinking, to see what it was, and quick as
+lightning Lemmin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">p. 135</a></span>kainen whirled his sword round his head, and with one
+blow cut off the host's head as easily as one cuts the top from a
+turnip, and the head rolled along on the ground. In the yard were
+hundreds of sharp stakes, and on all but one there was a human head. So
+Lemminkainen quickly took the host's head and stuck it on the empty
+stake, and then went into the house and ordered Louhi to bring him water
+to wash his hands, as he had just slain her husband.</p>
+
+<p>But Louhi hastened out and called in hundreds of armed warriors to
+avenge her husband's death. And in a very short time Lemminkainen saw
+that he must either flee or else be killed if he remained.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">p. 136</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 326px;">
+<a name="ch24" id="ch24" href="images/hd-flora-3-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-3.jpg" width="326" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE ISLE OF REFUGE</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/l.jpg" alt="L" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_l">LEMMINKAINEN hastened from Louhi's house and looked around for his
+sledge and steed to escape from the Pohjola men. But both had
+disappeared, and in their place he found only a clump of willows. As he
+stood there, wondering what he should do next, the noise of armed men
+running together grew louder and louder, and he knew that they would
+soon reach him. So Lemminkainen changed himself into an eagle, and rose
+up into the clouds. As he flew towards the south he met a gray hawk
+flying northward, and called to it: 'O Gray Hawk, fly to Pohjola and
+tell the warriors of the Northland that they will never catch the Eagle,
+Lemminkainen, ere he reaches his home in distant Kalevala.'</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then he flew on home and taking on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">p. 137</a></span> again his own form, he went to his
+mother's house. When she saw the troubled look in his face, she guessed
+that some great danger threatened him, and began to ask him if it were
+this, or that, or the other that troubled him, but to all her questions
+he answered 'no.' At length she bade him tell her, then, what his
+trouble was, and he replied: 'All the men of Northland are sharpening
+their swords and spears to kill thy unlucky son Ahti, for I have slain
+the host of Pohjola, Louhi's husband, in a quarrel, and the men of
+Northland will soon come hither to avenge it.'</p>
+
+<p>His mother then reminded him how she had warned him of the journey and
+its troubles, and asked him where he was going to take refuge.
+Lemminkainen replied that he did not know, and asked his mother to help
+him, and she answered: 'If I should turn thee into a tree, thou might be
+cut down for firewood. Or if into a berry, the maidens might pluck thee.
+Or if to a fish, thou would never have a happy life. But if thou wilt
+swear to me not to go to war again for sixty years, then I will tell
+thee of a distant isle, far off across the ocean, where thou mayst rest
+in safety.'</p>
+
+<p>So Lemminkainen gave his promise, on his honour, not to fight for sixty
+years, and then his mother told him how to find the isle of refuge. He
+must sail across nine<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">p. 138</a></span> seas and in the middle of the tenth he would come
+to the island, where his father had once taken refuge long before. There
+he must stay until the third year was come, and then he might return to
+his home.</p>
+
+<p>Lemminkainen took enough provisions in his boat for a long journey, and
+then bidding farewell to his mother and his home he sailed away. When he
+had raised the linen sails, he called up a fair wind to drive him
+onward, and for three months he sailed on without a moment's rest, until
+at length he reached the magic Isle of Refuge.</p>
+
+<p>First, he asked the people of the island if there was room there for his
+boat, and on receiving their consent he drew it up out of the water.
+Next he asked them if he might take refuge and conceal himself there,
+and they granted this too; but when he asked for a little ground to
+cultivate, and a place in the forest to cut down the trees, they told
+him that the whole island had long ago been divided up amongst them, and
+that he must live in one of their houses if he wished to stay on the
+island.</p>
+
+<p>But Lemminkainen was not satisfied with this, and told them that he only
+wished to be allowed to go into the forest and sing some few magic songs
+there, and this they willingly allowed him to do. So he went into the
+forest and began to sing the most wondrous spells, making oak-trees to
+grow<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">p. 139</a></span> up around him, and on each branch an acorn, and on each acorn sat
+a cuckoo. Then the cuckoos began to sing, and gold fell from every beak,
+and silver from their wings, and copper from their feathers, until the
+isle was abundantly supplied with precious metals. Then Lemminkainen
+sang again, and turned the sand to gems and the pebbles into pearls, and
+he covered the whole island with flowers, and made little lakes with
+gold and silver ducks swimming in them, until every one was delighted,
+and the maidens most of all.</p>
+
+<p>Then Ahti said: 'If I were in a fine castle I would conjure up the most
+wonderful feasts and sing the grandest songs you have ever heard.' No
+sooner had he said this than they led him to their finest castle, and
+there he conjured up a splendid feast, with knives and forks and all the
+dishes made of gold and silver. From this time on Ahti was treated as an
+honoured guest, and spent his time most delightfully. In every village
+on the island were seven castles, and in each castle were seven
+daughters, and all of these made Lemminkainen welcome as he went from
+one to another according to his fancy. Thus he spent the whole of his
+years of exile; but there was one maid, old and ugly, and living in a
+remote village, whom he neglected.</p>
+
+<p>At length the time of his return was come, and he made up his mind to
+leave. But<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">p. 140</a></span> just as he had decided to go, the maid whom he had neglected
+came to him and bade him beware, for she was going to take revenge for
+his slighting her; but Lemminkainen scarcely heard her, for he was so
+busy thinking about his journey home. But the maiden went around to all
+the men of the island, and told them evil stories about Lemminkainen,
+and then she went and burned his boat.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning Lemminkainen started off to bid his friends the maidens
+farewell, but he had not gone far before he saw the men getting their
+weapons ready to come and attack him, and he saw that he must fly
+immediately if he wished to escape alive. So he hastened down to his
+boat, but when he reached it there were only the ashes left. At first he
+did not know what to do, but he spied seven broken pieces of planks and
+a few fragments from a broken distaff, and taking these he began to sing
+some mystic spells over them. No sooner had he finished his incantations
+than a magic boat stood ready before him, and he got into it and sailed
+away. But before he was far from the shore all the maidens came down to
+the beach and began to weep and beg him to come back and dwell with them
+for ever. But Lemminkainen answered them that he felt a great longing to
+see his home once more and his mother, yet that he was truly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">p. 141</a></span> sorrowful
+to leave them, but it must be so. And so he sailed on until the isle was
+out of sight.</p>
+
+<p>The boat sailed on and on for two days and nights, but on the third day
+came a mighty storm-wind, and tossed the vessel about until it broke all
+in pieces, and left Lemminkainen struggling in the waters. He swam for
+long days and nights, struggling with the waves, until at length he
+reached a rocky point projecting out into the ocean. There he landed and
+soon found his way to a castle that was built upon the rocks. He told
+the mistress of the castle how he had been in the water for days and
+days, and was almost perishing from hunger, and she, being a
+kind-hearted woman, gave him a splendid feast of bread and butter, veal
+and bacon, and fish and honey-cakes, and when he had eaten that and
+rested, she gave him a new boat, loaded with provisions, in which to
+finish his journey.</p>
+
+<p>So off he sailed again, and after many weary days of sailing he at
+length reached his beloved island-home. But when he landed and went up
+to where the house had stood, there was not a sign of anything left. The
+whole place was all overgrown with trees and bushes.</p>
+
+<p>Then Lemminkainen sat down and began to weep; but it was not for the
+loss of his home and all his riches that he wept but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">p. 142</a></span> for his beloved
+mother. As he sat there he caught sight of an eagle flying in the air
+above, and Ahti asked him if he knew what had happened to his mother.
+But the eagle could only tell him that his people had all perished long
+go. Next he asked the raven, and the raven told him that his people had
+been killed by his enemies from Pohjola.</p>
+
+<p>On hearing this Lemminkainen began again to mourn her loss, and to look
+about for some dear relic that he might keep in remembrance of her. But
+as he looked he suddenly came on a faint pathway leading away from the
+house, and on it he saw the prints of light feet. He began to follow it
+eagerly, over hill and valley until he reached the gloomy forest. There
+it led him to a hidden glade, right in the middle of the island, and
+there he found a humble cabin, and his gray-haired mother weeping in it.</p>
+
+<p>Ahti cried aloud for joy at the sight of her, and then he told her how
+he had mourned her as dead. She asked him in return how he had spent
+those years on the Isle of Refuge, and he told her all; how charming the
+life there was, and how he had enjoyed himself there, but that at the
+end all the men of the isle had come to hate him, because the maidens
+admired him so much, and how through their jealousy and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">p. 143</a></span> the hatred of
+the one maid whom he had neglected, he had nearly lost his life. And
+when he had ended his story they both gave thanks to great Ukko that
+they had found each other again.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">p. 144</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 325px;">
+<a name="ch25" id="ch25" href="images/hd-cherries-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-cherries.jpg" width="325" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE FROST-FIEND</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/w.jpg" alt="W" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_w">WHEN the next day began to dawn, Lemminkainen went to the beach, that
+was hidden behind a projecting point, where his vessels lay. He found
+them still there, but as he approached he heard the rigging wailing in
+the wind, and saying: 'Must we lie here for ever and rot, since Ahti has
+sworn not to go to war for sixty long years?'</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then Lemminkainen cried out to his vessels: 'Mourn no more, my good
+warships, for soon ye shall be filled with warriors and hastening to the
+battle.' When he had uttered these words he hurried back to his mother
+and bade her sorrow no longer over the insult that the Pohjola warriors
+had offered to her, for he was going now to make war on them in order to
+punish them for it.</p>
+
+<p>His mother, when she heard his intention,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">p. 145</a></span> besought him earnestly not to
+go to war and break his oath to her, for some great misfortune would
+surely come upon him. But he paid no heed to her, and went to seek his
+friend Kura to accompany him on his expedition. When he came to the isle
+on which Kura lived, he went up to the house and said: 'O my dear friend
+Kura, dost thou not remember the time when we fought together long ago
+against the men of dismal Northland? Come with me now and be my
+companion in another war against them.'</p>
+
+<p>Now Kura's father was sitting by the window, whittling out a javelin,
+and his mother was near the door skimming milk, and his brother and
+sisters were also working near by. And all of them cried out that Kura
+could not go to war, for he was but lately married, and they bade
+Lemminkainen leave him.</p>
+
+<p>But Kura himself jumped up from where he was lying before the fire, and
+began to put on his armour in great haste. On his helmet were wolves of
+bronze, and a horse on each javelin. Then Kura took his mighty spear,
+and going forth into the court he hurled it towards the north; and it
+flew on and on, whistling through the air, until at length it fell upon
+the earth of the distant Northland. And after this Kura touched his
+javelin against Lemminkainen's spear and promised to be his faithful
+comrade in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">p. 146</a></span> the expedition. So the two great warriors made all needful
+preparation and set forth to sail to dismal Pohjola.</p>
+
+<p>But Louhi knew by magic art that they were coming, and she called the
+Black-frost to her, and gave him these commands: 'Hasten forth, O
+Black-frost, and freeze all the wide sea. Freeze Lemminkainen's vessel
+fast in the ice, and freeze the magician himself in his vessel, so that
+he may never more awaken from his icy sleep until I myself may choose to
+free him.'</p>
+
+<p>So the Black-frost hastened off to do her bidding. And first he stripped
+the leaves off the trees and took all the colour from the flowers on his
+way to the <ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'sea-shore'">seashore</ins>. When he reached the shore, the first night he
+froze all the rivers that empty into the sea and the waters along the
+shore, but he did not touch the open sea that night. But on the second
+night he froze all the sea, and the ice kept growing thicker and thicker
+all around Lemminkainen's vessel, until at last the Black-frost even
+began to freeze Lemminkainen's hands and feet and ears.</p>
+
+<p>But when Lemminkainen felt this he began to sing an incantation against
+the Black-frost, saying: 'Black-frost, evil child of the Northland and
+only son of Winter, thou mayst freeze the trees and waters and the very
+stones,&mdash;but let me be in peace. Freeze the iron mountains till they
+burst in sunder;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">p. 147</a></span> freeze Wuoksi and Imatra, but do not try to harm me,
+for I will sing thine origin and make thee powerless. For thou wert born
+on the borders of the ever-dismal Northland, and wert fed by crawling
+snakes. The Northwind rocked thee to sleep in the marshes, and thus thou
+grew, a thing of evil, and at last the name of Frost was given thee. And
+as thou became larger, thou didst learn to rend the trees in winter and
+to cover all the lakes with ice. But if thou wilt not leave me now, I
+will cast thee into Lempo's fiery hearth, and will lay thee on the
+anvil, that Ilmarinen may pound thee to pieces with his mighty hammer.'</p>
+
+<p>Now the Frost-fiend knew how great a magician Lemminkainen was, and
+therefore he agreed that he would leave the two warriors unharmed, but
+keep their ship frozen up as it was. And so Ahti and Kura had to leave
+their vessel and journey over the ice to land. At length they reached
+the country called Starvation-land, and there they found a house, but
+there was no food in it. So they went on still farther, over hill and
+valley, and as they went, Lemminkainen gathered soft moss from the
+tree-trunks and made stockings of it to keep their feet warm.</p>
+
+<p>On and on they went, seeking for some pathway to guide them, but all was
+one snow-covered wilderness. Then Kura said:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">p. 148</a></span> 'Alas, O Ahti; we came
+hither to take vengeance on the men of Pohjola, but I fear that we shall
+leave our own bones here, and our flesh be food for eagles and ravens.
+We shall never learn the pathway that can guide us to our homes. My poor
+mother will never know what has become of me&mdash;whether I have perished in
+the heat of battle, or on some lonely hill, or in some dismal forest.
+She can only mourn me as one dead, and sit and weep bitter tears.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Lemminkainen said: 'My aged mother, think of our former happy days,
+when all went well and all was joy and happiness. But now sorrow and
+misfortune are come upon me, yet shall we not despair; for we are young
+and strong, and will give way neither to hunger nor to evil sorcerers,
+but will use the prayer my father used to pray, saying: "Guard us, O
+thou great Creator; shield us in thine arms, and give us of thy wisdom.
+Be our guardian and our Father, that thy children may not wander from
+the path which thou hast given them."'</p>
+
+<p>Then when Lemminkainen had finished speaking, he took his cares and made
+fleet coursers of them, and the reins he made of days of evil, and from
+his pains he made the saddles. Then he and Kura galloped off each to his
+own home, and thus Lemminkainen was once more returned to his aged
+mother's arms. Now let us leave him<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">p. 149</a></span> there, and Kura with his bride and
+kinsfolk, and speak hereafter of other heroes.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>Thus Father Mikko ended, adding: 'And I think we must stop now for the
+night, for it is getting late.' Then they had supper, and it was not
+long before all of them had gone to bed and were sound asleep.</p>
+
+<p>Early the next morning they were all awakened by a dull thud and a
+smothered shout. Erik and Father Mikko jumped up and lit a lantern, and
+then hurried to the door, which stood open. They had dug a passage-way
+out through the snow the day before, and they saw that the walls of snow
+had just caved in, and sticking out of the middle of the heap was a pair
+of small legs waving about wildly in the air.</p>
+
+<p>The next minute they had pulled out the owner of the legs, and little
+Antero stood before them, looking very much frightened and very foolish
+too. He had his snow-shoes and some meat with him, and managed to
+explain, between his sobs, that he had intended to go and hunt for
+reindeer in Lapland, the way Lemminkainen did in the story, but his
+snow-shoe had caught in the wall and disaster had overtaken him. The
+would-be hero was promptly taken in charge by Mother Stina, and soon all
+was quiet again.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">p. 150</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When they went out the next morning, they found that the snow had long
+since stopped, but the wind was blowing so hard and it was so bitterly
+cold, that Father Mikko was easily persuaded to stay another day.</p>
+
+<p>After dinner they settled down exactly as the day before, Mimi in
+'Pappa' Mikko's lap again, and in a few minutes he began to tell them
+some more of his wonderful stories.</p>
+
+<p>'I will tell you about some one you have not heard of yet,' Father Mikko
+said; 'about <i>Kullervo</i>, though I am sure you will none of you like
+Kullervo himself&mdash;but yet the story itself may be interesting.' So he
+began.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 406px;">
+<a name="i6" id="i6" href="images/illus-6-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/illus-6.jpg" width="406" height="573" alt="MIMI IN HOLIDAY DRESS." title="MIMI IN HOLIDAY DRESS." />
+</a>
+<span class="caption">MIMI IN HOLIDAY DRESS.</span>
+</div>
+
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">p. 151</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 331px;">
+<a name="ch26" id="ch26" href="images/hd-flora-1-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-1.jpg" width="331" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>KULLERVO'S BIRTH</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/m.jpg" alt="M" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_m">MANY ages ago there was a mother who had three sons, and one of them
+grew up to be a prosperous merchant, but the other two were carried
+off&mdash;one to distant Pohjola and one to Karjala. And the one in Pohjola
+was named Untamo, but the one in Karjala was called Kalerwoinen.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>One day Untamo set his nets near Kalerwoinen's home to catch salmon, but
+in the evening Kalerwoinen came by and took all the fish out of the nets
+and carried them off home. When Untamo found it out he went to his
+brother, and soon they fell to blows; but neither could conquer the
+other, though they gave one another sound beatings. After this had
+happened, Kalerwoinen sowed some barley near Untamo's barns; and
+Untamo's sheep broke into the field and ate the barley, and then
+Kalerwoinen's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">p. 152</a></span> dog killed the sheep. This made Untamo so angry that he
+collected a great army and marched against his brother to put him and
+all his tribe to death. And when they reached Kalerwoinen's home they
+burned all the houses and killed every one except Kalerwoinen's daughter
+Untamala.</p>
+
+<p>Now not long after this a child was born to Untamala, and she named him
+Kullervo. Then they laid the fatherless infant in the cradle and began
+to rock him, but he began at once to make the cradle rock without
+assistance, and he rocked for three whole days, so hard that his hair
+stood quite on end. On the third day he began to kick until he had burst
+his swaddling clothes, and then he crept out of the cradle and broke
+that also in pieces. When Kullervo was only three months old he began to
+speak, and the first words which he uttered were these: 'When I have
+grown big and strong I will avenge the murder of my grandfather
+Kalerwoinen and his people.'</p>
+
+<p>At this Untamo was greatly alarmed, and took counsel with his people as
+to what should be done with the child. At length they hit upon a plan.
+They took the child and bound him firmly in a willow basket and then put
+him in the lake among the bulrushes. After three days had passed they
+went to see if he were dead, but he had broken loose from the basket and
+was sitting<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">p. 153</a></span> on the waves, fishing with a copper rod and a golden line;
+so they took him back again to the house. Next Untamo ordered a great
+heap of dried brushwood to be collected together, and a pile was made
+higher than the tree-tops; on the top of this they set the boy and then
+set fire to the pile. It burned three whole days, and then Untamo sent
+men to see if the child was dead; but they found him sitting in the
+middle of the fire raking the coals together with a copper rod, and not
+a hair of his head was even singed.</p>
+
+<p>Then they took him home and considered again how they should kill him,
+and this time they took him and crucified him on an oak-tree. And on the
+third day they came and found that he had painted an armed warrior on
+every leaf, made fast though he was to the tree, and so they took him
+down and brought him home again. This time they saw that they could not
+harm him, so Untamo told him that he would take him as a servant, and
+that if he did well he should be paid well.</p>
+
+<p>When Kullervo had grown a little, he was set to take care of a baby, and
+was given very careful instructions as to how to rock it and attend to
+all its wants; but the cruel Kullervo treated it harshly, and in the
+evening killed it and burned the cradle in the fire. So Untamo was
+afraid to give<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">p. 154</a></span> him any further employment about the house, but bade him
+go out and cut down the forest on the mountain side. Then Kullervo went
+to the smith and bade him make a huge axe of copper, and when it was
+ready he spent one day in sharpening it and another in making the
+handle, and then hastened off to the forest. There he chose the biggest
+tree on all the mountain side and felled it at one blow. Six more huge
+trees were cut down just as easily, but then Kullervo grew disgusted
+with the work, and pronounced a curse over the whole mountain, and
+stopped working.</p>
+
+<p>So when Untamo came in the evening to see how he was getting on, and
+found only seven trees felled, he saw that he must set Kullervo to some
+other task. The next day, therefore, he took him into a field and bade
+him build a fence round it. As soon as Untamo was gone, Kullervo set to
+work, using whole trees and raising the fence higher than the clouds;
+and when he had finished there was no gate to enter by, and the fence
+was so high that no one could climb over it. When Untamo came and saw
+what he had done, and that no one could now get into the field, he told
+Kullervo that he was unfitted for such work, and must go and thresh the
+rye and barley.</p>
+
+<p>Then Kullervo made a flail and set to work. And he threshed so hard that
+all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">p. 155</a></span> the grain was beaten to powder and the straw was broken up into
+useless pieces. But when Untamo saw this, he grew very angry, and cried
+out that Kullervo was a wretched workman who spoiled whatever he
+touched, and the next day he took him off and sold him to the blacksmith
+Ilmarinen in distant Karjala. And the price Ilmarinen paid was three old
+worn-out kettles, seven worthless sickles, and three old scythes and
+hoes and axes, surely quite enough for such a fellow as Kullervo.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">p. 156</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 318px;">
+<a name="ch27" id="ch27" href="images/hd-rose-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-rose.jpg" width="318" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>KULLERVO AND ILMARINEN'S WIFE</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/a.jpg" alt="A" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_a">AS soon as the purchase was completed, Kullervo asked Ilmarinen and his
+wife to give him some work for the next day. So they decided to make him
+a shepherd. But the wife, once the Rainbow-maiden, did not like the new
+servant, so she baked him a cheat-loaf&mdash;a very thick loaf, half of
+barley, half of oatmeal, and with a great flint-stone in the centre, and
+around the flint-stone was melted butter. Then she gave it to Kullervo
+and told him not to eat it until he was out on the pasture-ground.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The next morning Ilmarinen's wife showed Kullervo the cattle, and bade
+him take them to the open glades among the forests, where they would
+find food in abundance. Then she addressed a prayer to Ukko that he
+would guard the flock in case the shepherd<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">p. 157</a></span> should neglect them. And she
+sought the aid too of all the goddesses of the forest and the daughters
+of summer and the spirits of the fountains and the brooks, to care for
+her cattle and watch over them. And she also sang a spell to keep away
+the bear from coming and devouring them. And when all these prayers and
+spells were ended she sent Kullervo off with the herds.</p>
+
+<p>Kullervo drove them off to their pastures in the woods, carrying his
+lunch in a basket on his arm. And as he walked he sang of his hard lot
+as a slave, and how he was given only the scraps and crusts to eat,
+while his master and mistress fed on honey-cakes and wheaten biscuit. At
+length the time came for him to eat his luncheon, and he sat down and
+drew the cheat-loaf from the basket. But instead of eating it at once he
+turned it carefully over and over in his hands, and thought: 'Many
+loaves are fine to look at on the outside, but are nothing but chaff
+inside,' and he drew out his knife to try the loaf.</p>
+
+<p>This knife was the one thing that his mother had kept of all her
+father's possessions, and Kullervo looked upon it as something sacred.
+Now as he plunged it into the cheat-loaf it hit right upon the hard
+flint in the centre and broke in several pieces. Then Kullervo sat down
+and began to weep over his loss, and to ponder how he should<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">p. 158</a></span> revenge
+it. But a raven was sitting in a tree near by and overhead him talking
+to himself, and the raven said: 'Why art thou so distressed, Kullervo?
+Drive the herd away, one half to the wolves' and the other half to the
+bears' dens, so that they may all be devoured. And then when it is time
+to return home call together the wolves and bears and make them look
+like cattle, by thy magic art, and drive them home for thy mistress to
+milk. Thus thou wilt repay this insult.'</p>
+
+<p>At these words Kullervo jumped up and did as the raven had said. And
+when the sun was setting in the west, Kullervo hastened homeward,
+driving bears and wolves before him, but by a magic spell he made them
+look like cattle. And as he went, he said to them: 'Seize my hateful
+mistress when she comes to milk the cattle, and tear and rend her in
+pieces.' And he took a cow-horn and made a bugle of it and blew till the
+hills rang, to announce his return.</p>
+
+<p>When he reached the cow-yard, Ilmarinen's wife greeted him joyfully, for
+it was late and she had feared that something had happened. And she told
+her oldest maid-servant to go and milk the cows as she herself was busy.
+But Kullervo said: 'Thou shouldst go thyself, for the cows are in better
+condition to-night than they have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">p. 159</a></span> ever been before.' And so she went,
+and when she saw them she cried out in wonder: 'Truly my cattle are
+beautiful to-night, for their hair glistens like the fur of lynxes, and
+is soft as ermine skin.'</p>
+
+<p>With these words she seated herself to begin milking, but all at once
+the wolves and bears appeared in their true shapes and began to tear her
+to pieces. Then she cried out to Kullervo, when she saw what he had
+done, but he answered: 'If I have done evil thou hast done still greater
+evil, for thou hast baked a stone inside my bread, and I have broken on
+it my knife, the only relic of my mother's people.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Ilmarinen's wife began to beg him to aid her, and promised him the
+best of everything to eat, and that he should never have to work again.
+But Kullervo would not listen to her prayers, but rejoiced at her agony,
+and then the wolves and bears made one more onset, and she fell and
+died. Such was the end of the beauteous Rainbow-maiden, for whom so many
+had wooed, and who had become the pride and joy of Kalevala.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">p. 160</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 336px;">
+<a name="ch28" id="ch28" href="images/hd-poppies-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-poppies.jpg" width="336" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>KULLERVO'S LIFE AND DEATH</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/t.jpg" alt="T" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_t">THEN Kullervo hastened off, before Ilmarinen should come home and find
+out what had happened. And after he was at a safe distance he began to
+play upon the bugle he had made, until Ilmarinen ran out of his smithy
+to see who it could be, and there before him in the courtyard Ilmarinen
+saw the body of his wife and learned what had happened: and he sat down
+and wept bitterly, for all the joy of his life was now gone from him.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>But Kullervo hastened on, and as he went he mourned his hard lot. When
+he had gone a little way he met an old witch on the road, and she asked
+him whither he was going. 'I shall journey to the dismal Northland,'
+answered Kullervo, 'there to slay the wicked Untamo, who has killed all
+my kinsfolk.' Then the witch said: 'Thou art wrong, for thy father and
+thy sisters escaped<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">p. 161</a></span> from Untamo's wrath, and now thy mother has joined
+them and they are living happily together on the distant borders of
+Kalevala.' And when Kullervo begged her to tell him the way to them she
+did so, and he hastened off to find them.</p>
+
+<p>At length he reached his parents' abode, but at first they did not
+recognise him. But when he spoke to his mother she knew him at once, and
+embraced him and kissed him, and made him welcome in his new home. And
+then they related to one another all that had happened in the years they
+had been apart, and his mother ended by saying: 'Praised be Ukko that
+thou hast come back to us; but there is yet one absent one&mdash;thy eldest
+sister strayed away many years ago, hunting berries on the hills, and we
+have never seen or heard of her since.'</p>
+
+<p>So Kullervo settled down to live with his parents, and began to work
+with the others. The first day they all went out to fish for salmon, and
+Kullervo was put at the oars to row their boat. Then he asked whether he
+should row with all his strength, or only a little part of it, and they
+told him that he could not pull too hard. So he put forth all his
+giant's strength, and in a minute the boat was all broken to pieces.</p>
+
+<p>His father said: 'I see that thou art too clumsy to row; perhaps thou
+wilt do better to drive the salmon into the nets.' And<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">p. 162</a></span> Kullervo asked
+again whether he should use all his strength, and he received the same
+answer as before. So he set to work beating the water to scare the fish
+into the net; but he beat so hard that he mixed all the mud on the
+bottom with the water, and pounded the salmon all to pulp and destroyed
+all the nets.</p>
+
+<p>Then his father saw that he was not fit for such work, so he sent him
+off to pay the yearly taxes. Kullervo did so, and after he had paid them
+he started off in his sledge to drive home again. He had not driven far
+when he met a lovely maiden, whom he asked to get into his sledge and
+come with him to his home and marry him. But she made fun of him, and he
+drove off in anger. When he had driven still farther he met another
+maiden, still more lovely than the first, and this one he at length
+persuaded to get into his sledge and come home with him and marry him.
+But when they had driven along for two days towards his home, the maiden
+asked him about his kinsfolk, and he told her that he was Kalervo's son.</p>
+
+<p>No sooner had the maiden heard this than she gave a great cry of anguish
+and cried out: 'Alas, then, thou art my brother! For I am Kalervo's
+daughter, who wandered off one day to pick berries and never returned,'
+and with these words she jumped<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">p. 163</a></span> from the sledge and hastened weeping to
+a river near by. There she plunged beneath the icy waters and was never
+seen again alive, but her lifeless body floated down to the black river
+of Tuoni.</p>
+
+<p>But Kullervo unharnessed his steed from the sledge and galloped off home
+and there related to his mother all that had occurred, and how he had
+unknowingly been the cause of his sister's death, and when he had
+finished his story, he added: 'Woe is me that I did not die long ago.
+But now I must hasten off to gloomy Pohjola, there to slay the wicked
+Untamo, and myself be also slain.' Having said this he also made ready
+his armour and ground his broadsword until it was as sharp as a razor.
+But before he went, he asked his father and brother and sister and
+mother if they would grieve when they heard of his death. And all but
+his mother told him that they would never sorrow over the death of such
+an evil fellow. But his mother alone said that, in spite of all the evil
+he had done, her mother's love was still strong and that she would weep
+over him for years to come.</p>
+
+<p>Thereupon Kullervo went forth on his journey to the icy Northland, but
+before he had gone far a messenger came and told him that his father was
+dead and asked Kullervo to come back and help bury him,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">p. 164</a></span> but he would
+not come. And a little later he was told of the death of his brother and
+then of his sister, and last of all of his mother. Still he refused to
+come to bury any of them, only, when the news of his mother's death
+reached him, he mourned that he had not been with her in her last
+moments, and bade the servants bury her with every possible honour and
+respect.</p>
+
+<p>Now as he neared the home of Untamo's tribe, he prayed to Ukko to endow
+his sword with magic powers, so that Untamo and all his people might be
+surely slain. And Ukko did as he had asked, and with the magic sword
+Kullervo slew, single-handed, all Untamo's people, and burned all their
+villages to ashes, leaving behind him only dead bodies and smoking
+ruins.</p>
+
+<p>Then he hastened home, and found that it was only too true that all his
+family had died while he was away; and he went out to his mother's grave
+and wept over it. But as he wept, his mother spoke to him from the grave
+and bade him let their old dog lead him into the forest to the home of
+the wood-nymphs, who would care for him. So Kullervo set off, led by the
+faithful dog. But on the way they came to the grassy mound where
+Kullervo had met his long-lost sister, and there he found that even the
+grass and the flowers and the trees were weeping. Suddenly overcome with
+sorrow,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">p. 165</a></span> he drew forth his magic sword from out its scabbard, and,
+bidding a last farewell to all the world, he thrust the handle firmly
+into the earth and threw himself upon the sword-point, so that it
+pierced his heart. Thus ended the evil life of Kullervo.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>They were all silent for a moment when the sad story of Kullervo's life
+and death was ended, and then Mimi said: 'I wish you'd tell us about
+nice men like Ilmarinen and Wainamoinen, Pappa Mikko; Kullervo was real
+hateful.'</p>
+
+<p>'Well, then, I will tell you of what Ilmarinen did when he had lost his
+wife, the Rainbow-maiden,'&mdash;and the old man began.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">p. 166</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 325px;">
+<a name="ch29" id="ch29" href="images/hd-grapes-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-grapes.jpg" width="325" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>ILMARINEN'S BRIDE OF GOLD</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/a.jpg" alt="A" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_a">AFTER Ilmarinen's wife had been so cruelly slain, he wept for three
+whole days and nights without ceasing. And after that for three months
+he did not go into his smithy nor even so much as lift his hammer from
+the ground. And as he mourned he cried: 'Woe is me, for all is weariness
+and sorrow now that my dear wife is slain, and there is no more rest for
+me in my home.'</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>But after the three months of mourning were past, Ilmarinen went out and
+dug up a great quantity of gold and silver and cut down thirty
+sledge-loads of birch-trees, which he burnt to charcoal. Then he put the
+charcoal in the bottom of his furnace and laid a large piece of gold and
+a still larger piece of silver on top, and closing the furnace, he
+started the fire and set the workmen to blowing the bellows; but the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">p. 167</a></span>
+men were lazy and let the fire go out. So Ilmarinen drove them all away
+and began to blow the fire by magic spells alone. Three days he worked
+the bellows by his magic spells, and on the evening of the third day he
+looked inside the furnace, hoping to see an image rising from the melted
+gold and silver. And there came forth a lovely lamb all gold and silver,
+and every one admired its beauty save Ilmarinen, who said: 'Get back
+into the furnace, for I only desire a beauteous bride, born of the
+melted gold and silver.'</p>
+
+<p>So he threw the lamb back into the furnace and added still more gold and
+silver and other magic metals, and then set his workmen to blow the
+bellows again. But they proved lazy this time too, and he had once more
+to use his magic spells to blow the fire. Again he looked into the
+furnace, on the evening of the third day, and this time there arose a
+colt of gold and silver and with hoofs of shining copper. Every one
+admired the beautiful colt save Ilmarinen, who threw it back into the
+furnace.</p>
+
+<p>Once more he added gold and silver and set the workmen to blow the
+bellows, but they neglected their work this time too. Then he blew the
+fire by magic, and cast other magic spells over the furnace, so that the
+gold and silver should grow into a lovely maiden. When he looked into
+the furnace<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">p. 168</a></span> on the evening of the third day, he saw at last the figure
+of a maiden rising from the flames, but it had neither feet nor hands
+nor ears. So Ilmarinen took her from the fire and forged unceasingly
+until feet and hands and ears were all completed, and the maiden was now
+the most beautiful that any one had ever seen, but yet she could not
+walk, nor talk, nor see, nor hear.</p>
+
+<p>But Ilmarinen carried the golden maiden out of the smithy and took her
+to the bath-room where he washed the golden and silver image and then
+took it and laid it in his couch, in his wife's place. That night he
+heaped up bear-skins and rugs of all kinds on top of the bed, hoping
+that the image would come to life from the warmth, but it was all in
+vain, and Ilmarinen was almost frozen himself when he rose next morning.
+Then he said to himself: 'Surely this lovely maiden was not meant to be
+my bride. I will take her to Wainamoinen, and perhaps she may come to
+life for him.'</p>
+
+<p>So off he went and offered the beautiful image to Wainamoinen, telling
+him that he had brought a lovely maiden to be Wainamoinen's bride now in
+his old age. But Wainamoinen, after praising the image's beauty, said:
+'My dear brother Ilmarinen, it is better to throw this image back into
+thy furnace, and to forge from the melted metal a thousand useful
+trinkets. For I will<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">p. 169</a></span> never wed an image made of gold and silver.'</p>
+
+<p>And then Wainamoinen turned to those of his people who were standing
+near by, and said to them: 'Never bow to any image made of gold or
+silver, for they cannot see, nor hear, nor speak, and they will only
+bring you sorrow.'</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">p. 170</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 323px;">
+<a name="ch30" id="ch30" href="images/hd-apples-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-apples.jpg" width="323" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a></div>
+
+<h2>ILMARINEN'S FRUITLESS WOOING</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/s.jpg" alt="S" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_s">SO Ilmarinen cast the maid of gold into a corner of his smithy and
+harnessed up his sledge and drove off to the dismal Northland, to ask
+Louhi to give him another of her daughters in marriage. Three days he
+journeyed, and on the evening of the third he reached old Louhi's home.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Louhi asked him how her daughter, the Rainbow-maiden, fared, and
+Ilmarinen, with hanging head and sorrowful face, told how his poor wife
+had perished, and ended up his story by asking Louhi to give him her
+next fairest daughter to be his wife. But Louhi grew angry and upbraided
+him with not having guarded her other daughter, and thus being guilty of
+her death, and she scornfully refused to give him another of her
+daughters.</p>
+
+<p>But Ilmarinen went into the house in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">p. 171</a></span> great anger and there addressed
+Louhi's next fairest daughter, begging her to come to his home with him
+and become his wife. The maid replied: 'I will never marry the man who
+has been the cause of my dear sister's death. And even if I were to
+marry I would wish a nobler suitor than a mere blacksmith.' Then
+Ilmarinen grew pale with anger, and seizing the maiden in his mighty
+arms he rushed off to his sledge and drove off like the wind before any
+one could stop him.</p>
+
+<p>The poor maid wept and begged Ilmarinen to release her and to let her
+die by the roadside, rather than to take her thus to his home. 'If thou
+wilt not release me,' she said, 'I will change into a salmon and escape
+thee.' But Ilmarinen told her that he would pursue her in the shape of a
+pike. Then the maiden said, first, that she would become an ermine, but
+Ilmarinen told her he would turn into a snake and catch her; and then
+she said that she would become a swallow, but Ilmarinen threatened to
+become an eagle.</p>
+
+<p>So they drove on and on, and the maiden wept the whole time, and begged
+Ilmarinen to let her go, even if it were only to die in the snow, but he
+refused and grew more and more angry at her obstinacy. At length they
+reached Ilmarinen's home and he took the maiden into the house. But<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">p. 172</a></span>
+here, seeing there was no hope of escape, she determined to make him so
+angry that he would kill her and thus she would be freed from him. So
+she began to make fun of him and to scorn him and laugh at him, until at
+length Ilmarinen was in such a rage that he scarcely knew what he was
+doing, and drew his sword to kill her.</p>
+
+<p>But the sword refused to do this cruel deed, saying: 'I was born to
+drink the blood of warriors, but not of such a pure and lovely maid as
+this.' So Ilmarinen, being unable to kill her, began to weave a magic
+spell about her, and in a few minutes she changed all of a sudden into a
+<ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'sea-gull'">seagull</ins>, and flew off screaming towards the sea-cliffs.</p>
+
+<p>And when he had done this, Ilmarinen went out and got into his sledge
+and drove off to his brother Wainamoinen. When he arrived, Wainamoinen
+asked him why he was so sad, and whether all was well in Pohjola. To
+this Ilmarinen replied: 'Why should not all be well in Pohjola? They
+have the Sampo there, and until it leaves them they will always
+prosper.' And then Wainamoinen asked him of the maiden whom he had gone
+to woo. 'I have turned that hateful maid into a seagull,' Ilmarinen
+answered, frowning, 'and now she flies shrieking above the rolling
+waves, and will never have another suitor.'</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">p. 173</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 324px;">
+<a name="ch31" id="ch31" href="images/hd-flora-4-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-4.jpg" width="324" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2>WAINAMOINEN'S EXPEDITION AND THE BIRTH OF THE KANTELE (HARP)</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/w.jpg" alt="W" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_w">WAINAMOINEN reflected on what Ilmarinen had said of the prosperity of
+the Northland, and at length proposed that they should go and capture
+the Sampo and bring it back to Kalevala. But Ilmarinen said: 'It will be
+hard to carry off the Sampo, for Louhi has fastened it with nine great
+locks, and around it grow three roots, beneath the mountain and the
+waters and the sands.'</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Still Wainamoinen persuaded him to go, and Ilmarinen went to his smithy
+and began to forge a sword for Wainamoinen. And when it was finished, it
+was so strong, by the power of the magic spells that had been used in
+making it, that it would cut through the hardest flint stones.</p>
+
+<p>Then the two heroes put on their armour<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">p. 174</a></span> and made their sledges ready,
+and drove off along the seashore northward. But they had not gone far
+before they heard a voice lamenting. They drove up to the spot whence
+the voice seemed to come, and there they found a ship lying deserted on
+the sands.</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen asked the ship what it was lamenting over, and the ship
+replied: 'Alas, I weep because I am obliged to remain here idle; for I
+was built to be a warship, and I long to sail filled with warriors
+against the foe, but I am left here to lie alone and rot to pieces.'
+Then Wainamoinen said: 'Thou shalt lie here no longer, but we will sail
+in thee against the men of Pohjola. But tell me whether thou art a magic
+ship that can sail without wind, or oarsmen, or pilot.' 'Nay,' the ship
+replied, 'I cannot sail if the wind or oars do not help me on and some
+one guide me with the rudder. But give me these to help me, and I can
+sail faster than any other ship in the world.'</p>
+
+<p>Then they left their sledges and launched the ship and stepped aboard.
+And Wainamoinen began to sing his wondrous spells, and in an instant one
+side of the vessel was filled with bearded warriors, and the other with
+lovely maids, and in the middle came powerful gray-bearded heroes. First
+he set the young men at the oars, but however hard they strove they
+could not budge the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">p. 175</a></span> ship. And next the maidens tried, but they too
+failed. Last of all the mighty gray-bearded heroes took the oars, but
+yet the vessel did not move. Then Ilmarinen himself grasped the oars,
+and in a moment the vessel was moving through the waters at full speed,
+with old Wainamoinen at the helm.</p>
+
+<p>They had not gone far when they came to an island, and on the shore was
+a man working on a fishing-boat. As they drew nearer he looked up and
+hailed them, asking whither they were bound. Wainamoinen answered: 'O
+stupid Lemminkainen, dost thou not recognise us, and canst thou not
+guess whither we are bound?' Then Lemminkainen, for it was really he,
+said: 'I recognise you both now. It is Ilmarinen who is rowing, and thou
+art Wainamoinen. But tell me whither ye are sailing?'</p>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen told him that they were bound for Pohjola to capture
+the magic Sampo, and, on hearing this, Lemminkainen begged to go with
+them, saying that he would fight valiantly with them. So they took him
+on board, and the three great heroes sailed on their way. But before
+they had gone much farther, they came to a place where there were lovely
+maidens singing sweetly on the shore, but all around were hidden rocks
+and whirlpools, and their vessel was near sinking. But Lemminkainen knew
+the spell that would compel the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">p. 176</a></span> maidens to calm the whirlpools, and to
+lead the ship in safety past all the hidden reefs out into open water
+again. And when Lemminkainen had sung this spell, old Wainamoinen was
+able to steer in safety through the foam-covered rocks and out into open
+water; but no sooner were they clear than the vessel stopped as suddenly
+as if she were anchored to the spot.</p>
+
+<p>Ilmarinen and Lemminkainen then plunged a long pole to the bottom of the
+waters, and strove to push the ship ahead, but it was impossible. Then
+Wainamoinen bade Lemminkainen look beneath the vessel to see what it was
+that stopped them, and they found that it was no hidden reef or
+sand-bar, but a mighty pike on whose shoulders the vessel had stuck
+fast. At Wainamoinen's order, Lemminkainen drew his sword and aimed a
+mighty blow at the monster, but he missed it and fell overboard. He was
+drawn out all dripping, and the others consoled him for his failure.
+Next Ilmarinen drew his sword and struck at the monster, but at the
+first blow his sword broke in pieces. At last Wainamoinen, reproaching
+the others for their feebleness, drew his magic sword, and with one
+thrust he impaled the monster on it. Then lifting the monster out of the
+water he cut him into pieces and let them fall on the water, and float
+in towards land.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">p. 177</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Thus the vessel was free at last. But the heroes were weary with their
+exertions, and so they rowed in to land, and there gathered up the
+fragments of the fish that had floated to the shore. Wainamoinen handed
+these pieces to the maidens who were with them in the vessel, and they
+prepared the most delicious feast from the pike, having enough and to
+spare for all on board. And they piled the bones in a heap on the rocks.</p>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen looked at the pile of bones, and after pondering deeply
+he said: 'Wondrous things may be made from these bones, if only I can
+find a skilful workman to carry out my designs and make the
+<i>kantele</i>.'<a name="FNanchor_5" id="FNanchor_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> But no workman could be found who was wise enough to
+understand Wainamoinen's directions, for no one had ever heard of a
+<i>kantele</i> before. At length old Wainamoinen saw that there was no one
+who could help him, and so he set to work himself. He made the arches of
+the harp from the pike's jawbones, and the pins that hold the strings he
+made from the teeth, and for the strings he took hairs from the tail of
+a magic steed.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5" id="Footnote_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> A sort of harp that is sometimes used even now in Finland.
+Pronounced <i>kan&acute;-tay-lay</i>. It usually has five strings.</p></div>
+
+<p>And at last the <i>first kantele</i> was finished, and it was so beautiful
+that every one crowded round to look at it. When it was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">p. 178</a></span> all ready
+Wainamoinen handed it to those around to try their skill, but they could
+only make discords whenever they touched it. Then Lemminkainen bade the
+others leave it to him, for <i>he</i> would show them how to play upon it.
+But when he touched the strings it sounded worse than when any of the
+others had tried it. And after one and all had tried it, and found that
+it only gave forth discords, they proposed to throw it into the sea. But
+the harp said: 'I shall never perish in the sea, but will bring great
+joy to Kalevala. Put me in my maker's hands, and I will sing for him.'
+So they took it and laid it at the aged Wainamoinen's feet.</p>
+
+<p>Then the great magician took the wondrous kantele and rested it upon his
+knee. First he tuned it, tightening all the strings until they sounded
+sweetly together, and then he swept his hands across them, and a flood
+of wonderful melody poured forth from the kantele. And as the wondrous
+notes resounded in the air, every living thing that heard them stopped
+and listened. From the forests came the bears and ermines, and the
+wolves and lynxes. Even Tapio the forest-god drew near, with all his
+attendant spirits, enchanted by the magic sounds. From the sea the
+fishes came to the edge of the waters, and the sea-god Ahto with his
+water-spirits. The daughters of the Sun and Moon stopped their spinning
+on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">p. 179</a></span> clouds, and dropped their spindles, so that the threads were
+broken in two.</p>
+
+<p>For three whole days the magic kantele poured forth its melody beneath
+Wainamoinen's skilful fingers, until every one that heard it wept, and
+even the master-player himself was at last moved to tears by the power
+of his own playing. The bright teardrops flowed down his long beard and
+over his garments, and on over the earth in sparkling streams, until
+they were lost in the waters of the deep sea. And then the music ceased,
+and Wainamoinen laid the kantele aside and said: 'Is there any one here
+who can gather up my teardrops from the sea?' But all were silent, for
+they could not do it.</p>
+
+<p>But a raven came flying up and offered to attempt it, and Wainamoinen
+promised him the most beautiful plumage if he should succeed, but the
+raven tried and failed. Then came a duck, and Wainamoinen made it the
+same promise. And the duck swam off and dived down to the ocean's
+depths, and at length it had collected every teardrop and brought them
+to the great magician, but a wondrous change had taken place in them,
+for they were no longer tears, but the most beautiful pearls.</p>
+
+<p>Thus were pearls first created, and for this the blue duck received its
+lovely plumage.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">p. 180</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'That is the loveliest story of all,' cried Mimi. 'How I wish I could
+have heard Wainamoinen's music! Was his kantele like the one pappa has
+up in the loft, Pappa Mikko? If it was, I wish pappa would play on
+ours.'</p>
+
+<p>'I expect they are just alike,' replied Father Mikko; 'and when your
+pappa's pappa was alive, I remember that he used to play on the kantele
+very sweetly, but there are not many in our land that can play the
+kantele now.'</p>
+
+<p>'Well,' said Mimi, with a sigh, 'I suppose there aren't, so you might as
+well tell us what Wainamoinen did next, Pappa Mikko, please.'</p>
+
+<p>And Father Mikko began again.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a name="i7" id="i7" href="images/illus-7-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/illus-7.jpg" width="400" height="385" alt="A WATERFALL." title="A WATERFALL." />
+</a>
+<span class="caption">A WATERFALL.</span>
+</div>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">p. 181</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 323px;">
+<a name="ch32" id="ch32" href="images/hd-apples-180-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-apples-180.jpg" width="323" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE CAPTURE OF THE SAMPO</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/a.jpg" alt="A" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_a">AFTER the magic kantele was finished, the three great heroes and
+magicians sailed away again towards the dismal Northland. Ilmarinen led
+the rowers on one side of the ship, and Lemminkainen on the other, and
+old Wainamoinen steered. They soon reached Pohjola and landed near
+Louhi's house.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When they had drawn their vessel up on land, they all went up to Louhi's
+house, and Wainamoinen told her that they were come for the Sampo; that
+if she would only give them the many-coloured lid they would go away
+content, but if not, they would take the whole Sampo by force. Then
+Louhi grew very angry and called together all the Northland warriors to
+slay them. But Wainamoinen began to play upon his kantele, and so
+wonderfully sweet were the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">p. 182</a></span> tunes that he played, that the warriors
+forgot all about fighting and began to weep, and all the maidens of
+Pohjola began to dance. Still Wainamoinen played on and on, until a deep
+slumber came upon all the Northland folk. Then he ceased playing, and
+cast a powerful spell over them, so that they should not awake.</p>
+
+<p>When all the Pohjola folk were sound asleep the three great heroes went
+to the mountains to seek the magic Sampo. And as they went Wainamoinen
+played such wonderful music that the great cliffs opened before them,
+and left them an open road to where the Sampo lay hid. When they had
+come near the cavern in which the Sampo lay, they sent Lemminkainen to
+enter the cave and bring it out. He, boasting of his strength, went into
+the cavern, and seizing hold of the magic Sampo, he put forth all his
+strength to lift it up, but it remained immovable, for the roots had
+grown deep into the earth, and bound it down tightly.</p>
+
+<p>Then Lemminkainen remembered a huge ox that he had seen out in the
+fields, with horns seven fathoms long, and he went after it and hitched
+it to the biggest plough he could find, and began to plough all around
+the roots which held the Sampo down. And in a very short while the roots
+became loosened, and they were able to pick up the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">p. 183</a></span> magic Sampo and
+carry it on board their vessel.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as it was safely on board they sailed away, leaving all the
+Pohjola folk sleeping. On they flew towards their homes in Kalevala; but
+Lemminkainen grew weary of the silence, and asked Wainamoinen why he
+would not sing to cheer them. But Wainamoinen answered that song would
+only disturb the rowers, and that it was best never to rejoice until all
+danger was past. At length, when they had gone three days on their
+journey, Lemminkainen grew angry at Wainamoinen's silence, and began to
+sing himself. But his voice sounded harsh and unmelodious, and it made
+the very ship tremble.</p>
+
+<p>Far off on the land a crane was standing amidst the rushes, amusing
+itself by counting its toes. But when it heard Lemminkainen's attempts
+at singing, it was so frightened that it flew off screaming over
+Pohjola, and by its screeching it awoke all the slumbering people. As
+soon as Louhi awoke she hurried off to her barns and cattle-pens to see
+if anything had been stolen, but she found everything all right. Next
+she hurried to the mountains, to the cavern where she had hidden the
+Sampo, but when she came there she found the cavern empty, and saw how
+her visitors had torn the Sampo loose from its fastenings.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">p. 184</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Then Louhi returned to her house pale with anger and fear, for she knew
+that if the Sampo were lost that all the prosperity of the Northland
+would be lost with it. So she called up the goddess of the fogs, and
+sent her out to delay Wainamoinen's vessel. And then she called on
+Iko-Turso&mdash;a wicked monster living in the depths of the sea&mdash;to swim to
+the ship and sink it, and to eat the men in it, but to bring back the
+Sampo to Pohjola once more. And she prayed, moreover, to great Ukko that
+if the sea-monster should not succeed, that Ukko himself would send a
+fearful tempest to wreck the vessel.</p>
+
+<p>First came the goddess of the fog, and wrapped them in such a thick mist
+that they could not move. Three days they lay so, and then Wainamoinen
+drew his sword, exclaiming: 'We shall all perish here in the fog if no
+attempt is made to drive it away,' and with these words he struck the
+waves with his sword. From the blade there flowed a stream of honey, and
+all at once the fog broke up, and left the way clear before them. But
+scarcely had the fog disappeared than they heard a mighty roaring sound,
+and the foam began to shoot up from the water alongside, and to cover
+the ship. Then Wainamoinen leaned over the vessel's side, and stretching
+out his arm he grasped something that he saw in the water, and pulled up
+the awful monster Iko-Turso. But<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">p. 185</a></span> the monster was so affrighted by being
+lifted out of the water that he promised to leave them in peace, and
+never to appear above the waters again if Wainamoinen would only release
+him. So Wainamoinen let him go, and the second danger was past.</p>
+
+<p>But now came the third and most terrible of all, for Ukko sent a mighty
+storm-wind, which lashed the waves into a fury, and stirred up the ocean
+to its very bottom. And at the very first pitch of the ship the magic
+kantele was swept overboard by the waves, and Ahto, the sea-god, caught
+it and carried it off to his home beneath the waves. Then Wainamoinen
+began to bewail the loss of his wonderful instrument; but as the storm
+grew worse, and tossed their ship about like a feather, all on board
+began to despair of ever reaching land alive. But Wainamoinen gave them
+comfort and courage, and he and Ilmarinen and Lemminkainen by their
+magic spells quietened the winds and the waves, and repaired the damage
+which the vessel had suffered from the storm. And then they went on
+their way in peace.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">p. 186</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 325px;">
+<a name="ch33" id="ch33" href="images/hd-cherries-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-cherries.jpg" width="325" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE SAMPO IS LOST IN THE SEA</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/b.jpg" alt="B" width="70" height="68" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_b">BUT when Louhi found that all her magic had failed, she assembled all
+her warriors, and embarked them in her largest ship, and herself sailed
+off to recapture the Sampo by force of arms. Before long they came in
+sight of Wainamoinen's vessel, and when he saw that Louhi was pursuing
+him with such a mighty host of warriors, he cried out to Ilmarinen and
+Lemminkainen to row with all their might, in order to escape from their
+pursuers. So all the rowers rowed until the vessel fairly trembled, and
+the foam was tossed up from the bow as high as the clouds, but still
+they could not gain on their pursuers.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen saw that he must use some other means, so he took out a
+piece of flint from his tinder-box and dropped it into the water, saying
+as he did so: 'Rise<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">p. 187</a></span> up from the bottom of the sea into a mighty
+mountain, so that Louhi's ship may be dashed to pieces.' And suddenly a
+mountain of rock sprang up out of the water, and before Louhi could stop
+her ship it had hit upon the rocks and was wrecked.</p>
+
+<p>But Louhi was not to be outdone in magic, so she took the timbers of the
+ship and made from them a magic eagle, using the rudder for its tail and
+five sharp iron scythes for its talons. And on his wings and back she
+posted all her warriors, and then the magic eagle rose up into the air.
+It made one circle round the heavens, and then lit upon the mast of
+Wainamoinen's vessel, almost overturning it by its weight. Wainamoinen
+first prayed to Ukko for aid, and then he asked Louhi if she would
+consent now to divide the Sampo between them. But she scorned his offer,
+and the eagle made a swoop downward to pick up the Sampo in its talons.
+But Lemminkainen raised his sword, and no sooner had the eagle grasped
+the Sampo than he brought down his sword with such force that every
+talon was cut off but one.</p>
+
+<p>Then the eagle flew up on to the mast once more, and upbraided
+Lemminkainen because he had broken his promise to his mother that he
+would not go to war for sixty years. But Wainamoinen, believing that his
+last hour was come, took the rudder<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">p. 188</a></span> in his hand and struck the eagle
+such a mighty blow that all the warriors fell from its wings and back
+into the water. Then the eagle made one more swoop down upon the vessel,
+and, with the one talon it had left, it dragged the Sampo over the side
+of the ship so that it fell to the bottom of the ocean and was broken to
+pieces. And it is this that has brought so much wealth to the sea, for
+where the Sampo is there will always be wealth also. But a few pieces of
+the lid floated ashore to Kalevala, and it is therefore that our country
+has now the harvests that before that grew in the dismal Northland.</p>
+
+<p>But Louhi threatened Wainamoinen, saying: 'I will steal away thy silver
+moonlight and thy golden sunlight. I will send the frost and hail to
+kill thy crops, and will send the bear&mdash;Otso&mdash;from the forests to kill
+thy cattle and sheep. I will send upon thy people nine diseases, each
+one of them more fatal than the one before.' Then Wainamoinen replied:
+'No one from dismal Northland can harm us of Kalevala, Only Ukko rules
+the fate of peoples, and he will guard my crops from frost and hail, and
+my cattle from the bear, Otso. Thou mayst hide evil people in thy
+Northland caverns, but thou canst never steal the Sun and Moon, and all
+thy frosts and plagues and bears may turn against thyself.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">p. 189</a></span></p>
+
+<p>And then Louhi departed to her home, weeping for the loss of the magic
+Sampo, and ever since that time there have been famines and poverty in
+gloomy Pohjola. But Wainamoinen and the other heroes returned home
+rejoicing, and on the shore they found fragments of the Sampo's lid.
+Then Wainamoinen prayed to Ukko to be merciful and kind to them, and to
+protect them from frost and hail and bears, and to let the golden light
+of the Moon and Sun shine for ever on the plains of Kalevala.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>'Ah!' said Erik, half smiling, 'it's a great pity that the whole Sampo
+didn't float ashore to our country, for perhaps then there would never
+have been any famines in our land at all,' and he sighed as he thought
+of some of the hard winters in years past.</p>
+
+<p>'All is in God's hands,' said Father Mikko reverently, 'and we must take
+both good and ill as they come to us&mdash;it is not for us to say what we
+would wish. Let us be thankful that even a part of the Sampo floated
+hither,' he added, smiling.</p>
+
+<p>There was a few moments' silence, and then Mimi asked what Wainamoinen
+had done about his lost kantele, so Father Mikko went on.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">p. 190</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 318px;">
+<a name="ch34" id="ch34" href="images/hd-rose-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-rose.jpg" width="318" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE BIRTH OF THE SECOND KANTELE</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/w.jpg" alt="W" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_w">WHEN the heroes had returned home, and found the fragments of the Sampo
+on the shore, they wished to make merry over the good fortune which even
+these fragments were sure to bring, but Wainamoinen could not give them
+music, since the wondrous kantele had been lost in the sea. Then he bade
+Ilmarinen make a huge rake with copper teeth a hundred fathoms long and
+the handle a thousand fathoms, and when the rake was ready, Wainamoinen
+took it, and sailing out over the sea in a magic vessel that needed
+neither sails nor oars to move it, he raked over the whole bottom of the
+ocean. But he only raked up shells and <ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'sea-weed'">seaweed</ins>, and found no trace of
+the kantele.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen returned sadly home, saying: 'Never again shall I pour
+forth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">p. 191</a></span> floods of music to the people of Kalevala from the magic strings
+of my kantele.' And driven on by his grief he left his house and went
+far off into the forest. As he wandered there he heard the birch-tree
+lamenting, and Wainamoinen asked the tree why it was unhappy when it had
+such lovely silver leaves and tassels. To this the birch-tree replied:
+'Thou thinkest that I am always happy, and that my leaves and tassels
+must always be whispering joy. But, alas! I am so weak and feeble, and
+must <ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'alway'">always</ins> stand alone without a word of sympathy. Others rejoice at
+the coming of the spring, but I am robbed of bark and tassels and tender
+twigs, and am cut up for firewood, and then in the winter time the frost
+and the cold biting winds kill my young shoots and strip me of my silver
+leaves and leave me cold and naked.'</p>
+
+<p>While the birch-tree was speaking, Wainamoinen's face began to brighten,
+and he finally exclaimed: 'Weep no more, good birch-tree, for I will
+turn thy grief into joy and make thee sing the most marvellous songs.'
+Having said this he set to work to make a new kantele, taking birch-wood
+for the framework. At length the frame was all ready, but he did not
+know of what to make the pegs. Suddenly he came upon a great oak-tree on
+which grew golden-coloured acorns, and on each acorn sat a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">p. 192</a></span> sacred
+cuckoo singing its melody. So Wainamoinen took a piece of the oak and
+made the pegs from it.</p>
+
+<p>But the harp was not yet finished, for the five strings were still
+lacking. Then Wainamoinen journeyed on through the forest, until at
+length he came to where a forest-maiden was sitting on a mound and
+singing, and her long golden hair was falling loose over her shoulders.
+So Wainamoinen went up to her and begged her to give him some of her
+golden tresses, from which to weave the five strings for the kantele.
+And the maiden willingly gave up a portion of her golden hair, and from
+it Wainamoinen wove five strings, and at last the second kantele was
+complete. Then Wainamoinen sat down upon a rock and placed the kantele
+upon his knees, and after putting all the strings in tune he began to
+play. The fairy music resounded over hill and dale, until at length the
+very mountains began to dance with delight, and the rocks were rent in
+sunder and floated on the surface of the ocean. The trees of the forest,
+too, laughed with joy and began to dance about like children. The young
+men and maidens rejoiced as they listened to the music, and the
+gray-haired men and women were amazed, while the babies tried to crawl
+to where the sweet sounds came from.</p>
+
+<p>The magic music resounded far and wide<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">p. 193</a></span> over Kalevala, and all the wild
+beasts of the forest fell upon their knees in wonder, while the birds
+perched upon the trees about him and accompanied the music with their
+singing. The fish left their homes beneath the waters and crowded to the
+shore to listen. And everything in nature, from earth and air and water,
+came to listen to the magic sweetness of Wainamoinen's playing.</p>
+
+<p>Three days and more he played unceasing; playing in the houses of his
+people until their very beams rejoiced, and wandering through the
+forest, where the trees all bent in homage to him and waved their
+branches to his music. Then over the meadows, still playing, until the
+very ferns and flowers laughed with delight and the bushes chimed in in
+unison with the magic music of the kantele.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>'Oh! I'm so glad that he got another kantele,' cried little Mimi,
+delighted. 'And now what is coming next, Pappa Mikko?'</p>
+
+<p>'I shall tell you all of Louhi's attempt at revenge on the heroes who
+captured the Sampo,' he replied; 'and how they all failed, and then I
+shall wind up with the last story of all!'</p>
+
+<p>After having rested a while, the old man continued.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">p. 194</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 336px;">
+<a name="ch35" id="ch35" href="images/hd-poppies-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-poppies.jpg" width="336" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>LOUHI ATTEMPTS REVENGE</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/l.jpg" alt="L" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_l">LOUHI grew more and more angry and envious when she heard how prosperous
+and happy all the folk of Kalevala were, since the fragments of the
+Sampo had floated to their shore. So she pondered long in her evil
+heart, how she might send them sorrow and misfortune. Now just at that
+time the old witch Lowjatar, Tuoni's daughter, came to Louhi and asked
+for shelter from the storms and cold, and Louhi took her in and treated
+her like an honoured guest. And while Lowjatar was there, nine children
+were born to her, all horrible diseases, and she named them Colic,
+Fever, Plague, Pleurisy, Ulcer, Consumption, Gout, Sterility, and
+Cancer. And then Louhi's evil heart rejoiced, and she took the nine
+diseases and sent them into Kalevala, there to harass and kill
+Wainamoinen's people.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">p. 195</a></span></p>
+<p>And when the diseases came, every one in Kalevala, both young and old,
+fell ill of all sorts of illnesses, and Wainamoinen at first did not
+know whence all this evil had come. But soon by his magic power he
+learned that it came from the children of Tuoni's daughter, Lowjatar,
+and then he set to work to drive them away. First he took all those that
+were ill to the bath-houses, and then he brought buckets of water and
+heated blocks of stone until he had filled the whole room with warm
+steam. Then he prayed to Ukko to drive away all these diseases from
+them, and to send these evil spirits to Tuoni's kingdom, where they
+belonged.</p>
+
+<p>After Wainamoinen had prayed thus to Ukko, he took a magic balsam and
+rubbed it over all those that were ill, and sang magic spells over them,
+and then prayed once more to Ukko for success, and at length he drove
+out the nine diseases and saved his people from dying.</p>
+
+<p>When the nine diseases had been driven out of Kalevala, the news of
+Wainamoinen's victory over them came at length to the old witch Louhi,
+and she grew angrier than ever that her revenge had failed. But she
+pondered over what means of revenge she should try next, and at length
+she hit upon another plan. She went out into the forest and cast a magic
+spell upon the hugest bear<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">p. 196</a></span> in all the Northland&mdash;the great Otso<a name="FNanchor_6" id="FNanchor_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a>&mdash;and
+he hastened from his Pohjola home and began to kill the flocks and herds
+in Kalevala.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6" id="Footnote_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> <i>Otso</i> = bear.</p></div>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen hastened to Ilmarinen, and bade him make a
+triple-pointed spear with which to kill Otso. And when the spear was
+ready, Wainamoinen hastened off to the forest to find the bear, singing
+as he went, and calling upon the forest-god Tapio and his wife to grant
+him success in his hunt. He had not gone far before he heard his dog
+bark, and hurrying up to the spot he found Otso standing facing the dog
+and trying to snap him up, and before the bear perceived him,
+Wainamoinen was able to end Otso's life with a single thrust of his
+magic spear.</p>
+
+<p>When Otso was dead, Wainamoinen threw the body across his shoulder and
+hastened off home, singing songs of rejoicing as he went. And when he
+reached his house there was great rejoicing, and every one came out to
+welcome the dead bear, addressing it as if Otso were some honoured guest
+come to see them. First Wainamoinen sang a song of praise to the dead
+Otso, and bade his people welcome him with all due honour. And then the
+people answered with the most extravagant expressions of pleasure and
+welcome and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">p. 197</a></span> admiration for Otso, and offered him all the best things in
+the house, and when all this ceremony was over they took off the fur and
+cut the body up ready for cooking, and prepared the steaks and joints to
+make a grand feast.</p>
+
+<p>At length the whole of the bear was cooked, and a great feast was spread
+in Wainamoinen's house on golden dishes, and with sparkling beer in
+copper beakers. And when all were seated at the table, Wainamoinen rose
+and sang the story of Otso's birth and life. And this is the story which
+he sang: 'Long ago a maiden walked in the ether on the edges of the
+clouds, and as she walked she threw down wool and hair upon the waters
+from two boxes that she carried. The wool and hair were floated in to
+the shore, and there Mielikki, wife of the forest-god, found them and
+joined the wool and hair together by magic spells. Then she laid the
+bundle in a birch-bark basket and bound it in the top of the lofty pine,
+and there the young bear was rocked into life.</p>
+
+<p>'Otso grew quickly and became graceful in his movements, although his
+feet were clumsy and his ankles crooked, his mouth large and forehead
+broad; but he still had no teeth or claws. Then Mielikki said: "I would
+give thee claws and teeth, Otso, but I fear that thou wilt use them to
+harm<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">p. 198</a></span> people with." But Otso fell on his knees and swore that he would
+never harm the good. So Mielikki took the hardest knots from all the
+trees to make him teeth and claws, but all of them were too weak. Then
+she went to a magic fir that grew in Tapio's kingdom, and which had
+silver branches and golden cones, and from these she made Otso's claws
+and teeth. Thus was Otso born and reared.'</p>
+
+<p>So they feasted and made merry, and when the feast was over they all
+tried to see which could pull out Otso's teeth and claws, in order to
+preserve them for their magic power. And of all the men there only the
+aged Wainamoinen could draw them out. When this was done, Wainamoinen
+called for his kantele and bade them light torches, as it was already
+dark. Then he sang sweet songs and played lovely music, so that the long
+evening passed away like magic, and he sang of the hunter's victory and
+prayed to Ukko always to give good fortune to the hunters of Kalevala.</p>
+
+<p>Thus were Louhi's two first attempts at revenge unsuccessful.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">p. 199</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 323px;">
+<a name="ch36" id="ch36" href="images/hd-apples-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-apples.jpg" width="323" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a></div>
+
+<h2>LOUHI STEALS THE SUN, THE MOON, AND FIRE</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/w.jpg" alt="W" width="70" height="70" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_w">WHEN these two dangers were overcome, Wainamoinen played upon his
+kantele so sweetly that the Sun and Moon came down from their stations
+in the sky to listen to his music. But evil Louhi crept upon them
+unawares and made both Sun and Moon her captives, and carried them off
+to the dismal Northland, and there she hid them both in caverns in the
+mountains, that they might never again shine upon Kalevala. Next Louhi
+crept back to Kalevala and stole all the fire from the hearths, and left
+all their homes cold and cheerless. Then there was nothing but black
+night in the world, and great Ukko himself did not know what to do
+without the light of the Sun and Moon.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Ukko wandered all over the clouds to find<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">p. 200</a></span> out what had become of the
+Sun and Moon, and at last he whirled his fire-sword round his head so
+that the lightning flashed over the whole sky. From this lightning he
+kindled a little fire, and putting it in a gold and silver cradle, he
+gave it to the Ether-maidens to rock and care for, until it grew into a
+second Sun. So the Fire-child was cared for tenderly, and he grew fast;
+but one day the maidens were not watching him closely, and he escaped
+from them, and bursting through the clouds with a noise like a
+thunder-clap, he shot across the heavens like a red fire-ball.</p>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen said to Ilmarinen: 'Come, let us see what this fire is
+that is fallen from the heavens.' And so they set out towards the spot
+where the ball of fire had seemed to fall. Soon they came to a wide
+river and set to work to make a magic boat to cross it, and in a very
+short time the boat was made, and they rowed over. On the other bank
+they were met by the oldest of the Ether-maidens, who asked them whither
+they were going.</p>
+
+<p>So they told her who they were, and that they had lost all fire and
+light in Kalevala, so that they were come to seek the fire that they had
+seen fall from the heavens. Then the Ether-maiden told them what had
+happened, saying: 'After the Fire-child had begun to grow, he escaped
+from us one day<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">p. 201</a></span> and bursting through the clouds he came down to
+Pohjola. There he killed youths and babes and old people, until he was
+driven away by a magic spell. He fled thence, burning fields and forests
+on his way, until at length he plunged into a great lake, and made the
+waters boil and rage. Then the fish held a council how to get rid of
+him, and it was decided that one of them must swallow him. First the
+salmon tried, but failed, and then the bold whiting made a dash and
+succeeded in swallowing the evil Fire-child. After this the waters of
+the lake grew quiet, and all went on as before.</p>
+
+<p>'But soon the whiting was seized with terrible pains and began to swim
+round in agony, begging for some one to kill him and put him out of his
+sufferings. For a long time he swam about unheeded, but at last a trout
+seized the whiting and swallowed him. For a while all was quiet again,
+but then the trout began to suffer in his turn. Still every fish was
+afraid to swallow him, until a pike darted up and ate up the trout. But
+then the pike was seized with the same pains, and he is now swimming
+about in great agony, but none will help him.'</p>
+
+<p>When the Ether-maiden had finished her account of what had happened,
+Wainamoinen and Ilmarinen wove a great net from seaweed, and hurrying to
+the lake they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">p. 202</a></span> began to draw the net all through it in order to catch
+the Fire-fish. But the net was a poor one, and they failed to catch the
+pike that had swallowed the other fish and the Fire-child.</p>
+
+<p>Then the two magicians gave up their useless net, and, choosing an
+island near by, they resolved to plant flax that they might make a
+stronger and better net. They went to Tuoni's kingdom before they could
+find the proper seed, and found it there under the care of a tiny
+insect. When they had brought the seed from the Deathland, they planted
+it on the shore, in the ashes of a ship that had been burnt there, and
+in a single night the flax had grown up and ripened. Then they pulled
+it, and washed and dried and combed it, and took it to the Kalevala
+maidens to spin. Soon the spinning was done and the net was woven.</p>
+
+<p>So the two great heroes took the flaxen net and hastened back to the
+lake and began to drag for the Fire-fish. But they only caught common
+fish, and the pike remained hidden in the deep caverns. Then Wainamoinen
+made the net longer and wider and they tried again, but though they
+caught fish of every species, the Fire-fish was not amongst them.
+Wainamoinen then prayed to Ahto, god of the ocean, and his wife,
+Wellamo, that they would drive the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">p. 203</a></span> Fire-fish into his nets. Scarcely
+had Wainamoinen finished speaking, when a little dwarf rose from the
+waters and offered to help them. They accepted the tiny man's aid, and
+while they drew their nets, the dwarf beat the waters with a magic pole
+and scared all the fish toward them. And as they drew, Wainamoinen sang
+a magic charm to bring the fish in still greater numbers.</p>
+
+<p>This time the net was full of pike, and they dragged it to the shore
+rejoicing, and among them they found the Fire-fish. So they threw the
+other fish back into the water, and Wainamoinen drew his knife and began
+to cut up the Fire-fish. Inside of the pike he found the trout, and
+inside of the trout the whiting, and on opening the whiting he came upon
+a ball of blue yarn. Wainamoinen quickly unwound the blue ball, and
+within that found a red ball, and when he had opened the red ball he
+came to the ball of fire in the middle.</p>
+
+<p>They pondered how they should get the fire to Kalevala, and at last
+Ilmarinen seized it in his hands to carry it off. But it singed
+Wainamoinen's beard and burned Ilmarinen's hands dreadfully, and then it
+jumped out of their reach and rolled off over field and forest, burning
+everything in its course. Wainamoinen hastened after it, and at length
+caught it hidden in a mass of punk-wood.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">p. 204</a></span> Then he took it and put it,
+wood and all, in a copper box and hastened off home. Thus the fire
+returned to Kalevala.</p>
+
+<p>But Ilmarinen, suffering great agony from his burnt hands, hastened to
+the sea to lave them in the cool water. And he called up the ice and
+frost and snow to come and cool his parched hands, and, when all these
+proved insufficient, he called on great Ukko to send him some healing
+balm to take away the cruel torture. And Ukko granted his prayer and his
+hands were healed. Then Ilmarinen returned home and rejoiced to find
+that Wainamoinen had already brought the fire thither.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">p. 205</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 324px;">
+<a name="ch37" id="ch37" href="images/hd-flora-4-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-flora-4.jpg" width="324" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2>THE RESTORATION OF THE SUN AND MOON</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/t.jpg" alt="T" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_t">THOUGH the Fire had been restored to Kalevala, still the golden Moon and
+the silver Sun were lost, and the frost came and killed the crops, and
+the cattle began to die of hunger. Every living thing felt sick and
+faint in the dark, dreary world. Then one of the maidens of Kalevala
+suggested to Ilmarinen to make a moon of gold and a sun of silver, and
+to hang them up in the heavens; so Ilmarinen set to work. While he was
+forging them, Wainamoinen came and asked what he was working at, and so
+Ilmarinen told him that he was going to make a new sun and moon. But
+Wainamoinen said: 'This is mere folly, for silver and gold will not
+shine like the sun and moon.' Still Ilmarinen worked on, and at length
+he had forged a moon of gold<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">p. 206</a></span> and a sun of silver, and hung them in
+their places in the sky. But they gave no light, as Wainamoinen had
+said.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen determined to find out where the sun and moon had gone.
+So he cut three chips from an alder-tree, and laying them on the ground
+before him, he cast many magic spells over them. Then when all was
+ready, he asked the alder-chips to tell him truly where the sun and moon
+were hid. The alder-chips then answered, that they were hidden in the
+caverns of the mountains of Pohjola.</p>
+
+<p>No sooner had Wainamoinen heard this, than he made ready for a journey
+and started off for the dismal Northland. When he had travelled three
+days and was come to the borders of Pohjola, he found a wide river in
+the road and no boat to cross over in. So he built a huge fire on the
+shore, and soon such a dense column of smoke arose that Louhi sent some
+one to see what was the matter. But when Wainamoinen called to the
+messenger to bring him a boat, the man made no reply, but hurried back
+to Louhi and told her that it was Wainamoinen, who was coming to her
+house.</p>
+
+<p>Then Wainamoinen saw that he could never get across in that way, so he
+changed himself into a pike and swam over very easily, and then changed
+back to his own<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">p. 207</a></span> shape when he had reached the opposite shore. He
+hastened on with mighty strides, and soon reached Louhi's dwelling.
+There he was met as if he were a most honoured guest, and they invited
+him into the hall. Wainamoinen went in unsuspectingly, but no sooner was
+he inside than he found himself surrounded by crowds of armed warriors.</p>
+
+<p>The warriors asked him in a threatening tone why he had come thither.
+But Wainamoinen was not frightened, but answered boldly that he had come
+to seek the Sun and the Moon. Then the chief of the warriors replied:
+'We have the Sun and Moon safe in a mountain cavern, and thou shalt
+never get them back, nor shalt thou leave this hall alive.' No sooner
+had he finished speaking than Wainamoinen drew his magic sword, and fell
+upon those that stood between him and the door. They gave way before
+him, and in a moment he was out in the courtyard, where he could have
+room to fight fairly. All the warriors rushed at him with drawn swords
+and lifted spears, and the fire flashed from their weapons. But
+Wainamoinen was more than a match for all of them, and in a very short
+time he had stretched them all lifeless on the ground.</p>
+
+<p>Then he left the court and hastened on to find the Sun and Moon. Soon he
+came<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">p. 208</a></span> to a solitary birch-tree, and beside the tree stood a carved
+pillar of stone, which concealed an opening in the rocks. Wainamoinen
+gave three blows with his magic sword, and the pillar broke in pieces,
+showing behind it an entrance into the rock; but the entrance was shut
+by a massive door, and there was only a little crack through which he
+could peep. Inside he saw the Sun and Moon prisoners, but though he
+tried with all his strength and all his magic spells to open the door,
+it still remained tightly shut, and he could not budge it so much as an
+inch.</p>
+
+<p>Wainamoinen began to despair of ever succeeding in liberating the Sun
+and Moon, and he hastened off home to ask for Ilmarinen's help. He
+directed him to forge a whole set of skeleton-keys, so that some one of
+them would fit the lock of the door to the Sun's prison. Ilmarinen went
+to work and soon his anvil was ringing merrily to the blows of his
+hammer.</p>
+
+<p>Now Louhi had grown very much alarmed after Wainamoinen had slain all
+her warriors, and so she assumed the shape of an eagle and flew away to
+Kalevala to see what was going on there. She heard the merry ring of
+Ilmarinen's work and flew down and lit in the window of the smithy.
+There she asked what he was doing, and the cunning Ilmarinen replied: 'I
+am forging a collar<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">p. 209</a></span> of steel for the neck of evil Louhi, and with it I
+shall bind her fast to the rocks.'</p>
+
+<p>Louhi was terribly alarmed at this, so she flew off to Pohjola and
+released the Sun and Moon from prison immediately, and sent them up to
+their places in the heavens. Then the silver sunlight and the golden
+moonlight returned once more to Kalevala, and Ilmarinen, and
+Wainamoinen, and all the people offered up a prayer that they might
+never again be deprived of the blessed Sun and Moon.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>'It would have served old Louhi right if Ilmarinen <i>had</i> made a steel
+collar and put it round her neck,' said Mimi. 'But I'm so glad that
+Wainamoinen always got the best of it,' she added.</p>
+
+<p>'There was one time when he was defeated, however,' said Father Mikko,
+'and now I shall tell it you. It is the last story, and is about
+Wainamoinen's departure from Kalevala.' So he began.</p>
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">p. 210</a></span></p>-->
+
+
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 318px;">
+<a name="ch38" id="ch38" href="images/hd-rose-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-rose.jpg" width="318" height="135" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<h2>MARIATTA AND WAINAMOINEN'S DEPARTURE</h2>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/t.jpg" alt="T" width="70" height="71" class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_t">THERE lived a fair and lovely maiden in Kalevala, called Mariatta. She
+was the loveliest and purest of virgins, and tended her parents' flocks
+upon the mountain sides. Here one day, as she was watching the sheep,
+she heard a voice calling to her, and on looking round she found that it
+was a bright red berry calling to her, and asking her to pluck it.
+Mariatta did not know that this was a magic berry, so she picked it and
+put it to her lips to eat it. But the berry rolled from her lips down
+into her bosom, and said to her: 'Thou shalt have a son, and he shall
+become a mighty man and drive forth the old magician Wainamoinen.'</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then Mariatta took the flocks home and was so silent and still that her
+parents<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">p. 211</a></span> noticed it and asked her what was the matter. So she told them
+what had happened, but they grew angry and would not keep her in their
+house, for they did not believe the story about the berry.</p>
+
+<p>Poor Mariatta was now obliged to wander about without a shelter from the
+cold winds. At length she sent a servant, who had remained faithful to
+her and had accompanied her, to a village of Pohjola to ask for shelter
+from an old man named Ruotus. The maid, Piltti, went to Ruotus and told
+him of Mariatta's hard lot, but Ruotus and his wife would not have her
+in their house, but only grudgingly consented to let her go to a stable
+in the forest, where the Fire-horse of Hisi was kept.</p>
+
+<p>So Mariatta was obliged to go to the stable in the dense forest far off
+from every human being, and there she begged the Hisi-horse to keep her
+warm by his fiery breath. The Hisi-horse was kinder to her than men had
+been, for he let her lie down comfortably in his manger, and kept her
+warm with his fiery breath. There the babe was born, and his mother grew
+happy once more, in spite of her sorrowful circumstances. But one night,
+while she slept, the babe disappeared, and the poor mother was
+overwhelmed with grief.</p>
+
+<p>Then she wandered forth and looked everywhere for him, but in vain. So
+she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">p. 212</a></span> asked the North-star if he had seen her son. But the North-star
+answered: 'I would not tell thee even if I knew. For it is thy son who
+hath made me and set me here in the bitter cold.' And next Mariatta
+asked the Moon, and received the same answer as the North-star had
+given. Then she went to the Sun and asked him. And the Sun said: 'I know
+very well where thy son is hidden, for he made me and put me here to
+shine with my silver light. He lies sleeping yonder in the Swampland.'
+So Mariatta hastened to the spot that the Sun had pointed out and there
+found her babe sleeping peacefully in the water among the rushes.</p>
+
+<p>Then she returned with the babe to her father's house, and this time he
+received her and allowed her to live there in peace. And the child grew
+in beauty and wisdom, and his mother called him Flower, but others
+called him Son-of-Sorrow. Then his mother called in an old man,
+Wirokannas, to baptize the child, but Wirokannas said: 'First must some
+one see if the child shall become an honest man, or a wicked wizard, for
+if he be not honest I will not baptize him.'</p>
+
+<p>So Wainamoinen was called to examine the child&mdash;it was only two weeks
+old then&mdash;and see if it would grow up a noble man or not. Wainamoinen
+came and saw the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">p. 213</a></span> child, and then said: 'Since this child is only a poor
+outcast, born in a manger, and having no father save a berry, let him be
+cast out on to the hillsides or into the marshes to perish.'</p>
+
+<p>But all at once the babe himself began to speak, saying: 'O aged
+Wainamoinen, foolish hero, thou hast given a false decision. Thou
+thyself hast done great wrongs, yet hast not been punished. Thou gavest
+thine own brother Ilmarinen to ransom thy poor life. Thou persecuted the
+lovely Aino so that she perished in the deep sea, yet thou wert not
+killed for all this.'</p>
+
+<p>Then Wirokannas saw that this was truly a magic babe, and he baptized
+him to become a mighty hero, and a ruler and king over Kalevala.</p>
+
+<p>Years passed by after this, and Wainamoinen felt his power gradually
+leaving him and going over to Mariatta's child. So the ancient hero,
+with a sad heart, sang his last magic spell in Kalevala, and made a
+magic boat of copper to sail away in. Then he cast loose from the shore
+and sailed off towards the west, singing as he went: 'Fare ye well, my
+people. Many suns shall rise and set on Kalevala until the people shall
+at length regret my absence and shall call upon me to come back with my
+magic songs and wisdom. Fare ye well.'</p>
+
+<p>Thus Wainamoinen, in his magic boat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">p. 214</a></span> of copper, left Kalevala. On he
+sailed to the land of the setting sun, and at length he reached the
+haven and anchored his boat, never again to return to Kalevala. But the
+wondrous kantele and all his songs and wisdom remain among us to this
+day.</p>
+
+<p class="dots">&nbsp;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;&#xB7;</p>
+
+<p>'And now,' said Father Mikko, 'I have told you my last story&mdash;old
+Wainamoinen has left Kalevala and the rule of the Christ-child has
+begun. Under it our land has advanced and grown comfortable and
+happy&mdash;let us only pray that we may never be less so.'</p>
+
+<p>They were all silent for some time, and then all of them thanked Father
+Mikko heartily for the pleasure that he had given them. Soon after this
+they had supper and went to bed, and the next morning Father Mikko drove
+off in his sledge, the moonlight covering all the country with a flood
+of silver, and soon he had disappeared into the dark and silent
+fir-forest; but not before he had promised them all that he would stop
+there again next year if possible.</p>
+
+
+<div style="margin-top:4em;margin-bottom:5em">
+<p class="center">THE END</p>
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top:4em;font-size:small"><i>Printed by</i> <span class="smcap">R. &amp; R. Clark</span>, <i>Edinburgh</i></p>
+</div>
+
+<!--<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">p. 1</a></span></p>-->
+<div class="chapter" style="width: 350px;">
+<a href="images/hd-bouquet-lg.jpg">
+<img src="images/hd-bouquet.jpg" width="350" height="111" alt="" title="" />
+</a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size: small; margin-top:4em">A</p>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size: x-large">SELECTED LIST</p>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size: small">OF</p>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size: x-large; margin-bottom:1em">JUVENILE BOOKS</p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">CHILDREN'S STORIES IN ENGLISH LITERATURE, from Shakespeare to Tennyson.
+By <span class="smcap">H. C. Wright</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A genial book."&mdash;<i>Speaker.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">BOYS' OWN STORIES. By <span class="smcap">Ascott R. Hope</span>. 3rd Edition. Eight Illustrations.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The stories are well told."&mdash;<i>Pall Mall Gazette.</i> </p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="APage_2" id="APage_2">p. 2</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">ROYAL YOUTHS: A Book of Princehoods. By <span class="smcap">Ascott R. Hope</span>. Illustrated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Well told and full of interest."&mdash;<i>National Observer.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Large crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">ROBINSON CRUSOE. Newly Edited after the original Editions. 19 full-page
+Illustrations.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Gives an account of Defoe which is very much to the
+point."&mdash;<i>Spectator.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Imperial 16mo, cloth extra, gilt edges, 3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">DICK'S HOLIDAYS, and What He Did with Them. Illustrated. Cheaper
+Edition.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A volume for which every budding botanist who gets it has
+good reason to be thankful."&mdash;<i>Pall Mall Gazette.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Small 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">WHEN MOTHER WAS LITTLE. By <span class="smcap">S. P. Yorke</span>. 13 full-page Illustrations.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"In all respects an agreeable and well-written
+story."&mdash;<i>Spectator.</i> </p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="APage_3" id="APage_3">p. 3</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">TWO LITTLE CONFEDERATES. By <span class="smcap">Thomas Nelson Page</span>. Illustrated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A delightful book."&mdash;<i>Saturday Review.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Medium 4to, paper boards, 3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">DADDY JAKE, the Runaway, and Other Stories. By <span class="smcap">Joel Chandler Harris</span>
+("Uncle Remus"). Illustrated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A fresh and delightful addition to those quaint and
+laughable tales which have made the author of 'Uncle Remus'
+loved and fancied wherever the English tongue is
+spoken."&mdash;<i>Observer.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">SIX GIRLS: A Home Story. By <span class="smcap">Fannie B. Irving</span>. Illustrated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Its interest is well sustained from first to
+last."&mdash;<i>Scotsman.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Square Imperial 16mo, cloth, 5s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">IN THE TIME OF ROSES: A Tale of Two Summers. By <span class="smcap">Florence Scannell</span>. 32
+Illustrations.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>'A very successful book.'&mdash;<i>Academy.</i> </p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="APage_4" id="APage_4">p. 4</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, bevelled boards, 3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">ALEXIS AND HIS FLOWERS. By <span class="smcap">Beatrix Cresswell</span>. Illustrated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The book is a very pleasant one&mdash;a nosegay of everlasting
+blooms of fancy."&mdash;<i>Academy.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Square 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">THE PRINCE OF THE HUNDRED SOUPS. By <span class="smcap">Vernon Lee</span>. Illustrated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I devoured it from cover to cover with a new
+zest."&mdash;<i>Truth.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Imperial 16mo, cloth, 3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">THE BIRD'S NEST, and Other Sermons for Children of all ages. By Rev. <span class="smcap">S.
+Cox</span>, D.D. 3rd Edition.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Real honest preaching made fascinating and instructive by
+an exquisite literary style."&mdash;<i>Methodist Times.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Small crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">EVERY-DAY MIRACLES. By <span class="smcap">Bedford Pollard</span>. Illustrated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A work worthy of the highest praise."&mdash;<i>Graphic.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Imperial 16mo, cloth gilt, gilt edges, 3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">FAIRY TALES FROM BRENTANO. Told in English by <span class="smcap">Kate F. Krœker</span>. 3rd
+Edition.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Welcome in the nursery. The translation has been very
+cleverly accomplished."&mdash;<i>Academy.</i> </p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="APage_5" id="APage_5">p. 5</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Illustrated paper boards, 5s.; cloth, gilt edges, 6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">NEW FAIRY TALES FROM BRENTANO. By <span class="smcap">Kate F. Krœker</span>. 8 coloured
+Illustrations.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I read the book with edification and delight."&mdash;<i>Truth.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Medium 4to, paper boards, 3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">THE BROWNIES: Their Book. By <span class="smcap">Palmer Cox</span>. 4th Edition. Illustrated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Brownies are such prime favourites."&mdash;<i>Guardian.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>Medium 4to, cloth, 6s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">ANOTHER BROWNIE BOOK. By <span class="smcap">Palmer Cox</span>. Illustrated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The illustrations are perhaps even more mirthful than the
+letterpress, but both are admirable."&mdash;<i>Morning Post.</i> </p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 91px;">
+<img src="images/illus-sb.jpg" width="91" height="18" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><i>4to, bevelled boards, 3s. 6d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="advert">MARJORIE AND HER PAPA: How they wrote a Story and made Pictures for it.
+A Book for Children.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Altogether a book to be desired by and for
+children."&mdash;<i>Spectator.</i> </p></div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<table width="510" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Ad" border="0">
+  <col style="width:90%;" />
+  <tr>
+    <td>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size:120%">"<i>The best of all children's Magazines.</i>"</p>
+<p class="sigr"><span class="smcap">Spectator.</span></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size:250%"><i>St. Nicholas</i></p>
+<p class="titleblock1" style="font-size:250%; margin-left:25%"><i>For Young Folks.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center" style="font-size:small">
+CONDUCTED BY</p>
+<p class="center">MARY MAPES DODGE
+<br /><br />
+Price 1s. monthly.
+<br /><br /></p>
+
+<p class="center">SUITABLE FOR</p>
+<p style="margin-left:2%; margin-bottom:0">CHILDREN OF BOTH SEXES,</p>
+<p style="margin-left:8%; margin-bottom:0">CHILDREN OF ALL AGES, and</p>
+<p style="margin-left:16%;">CHILDREN OF ALL SIZES.</p>
+
+<p>Each Part contains 80 pp. of interesting matter, illustrated by about 50
+high-class Engravings.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>The Half-yearly Volumes, price 8s. each, are<br />handsomely bound in red
+cloth, gilt.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center" style="letter-spacing:0.1em">
+LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN,<br />
+PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C.
+</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 480px;">
+<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="480" height="599" alt="Cover" title="Cover" />
+</div>
+<hr />
+<div class="tnote">
+<p class="center">Transcriber&#8217;s Note</p>
+
+<p>Minor punctuation and printing errors have been corrected.</p>
+
+<p>Inline notes, <ins class="correction" title="Transcriber's note: original reads 'Nokia'">
+like this</ins>, show each spelling and hyphenation correction.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Finnish Legends for English Children, by R. Eivind
+
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Finnish Legends for English Children, by R. Eivind
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Finnish Legends for English Children
+
+Author: R. Eivind
+
+Release Date: March 29, 2008 [EBook #24948]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FINNISH LEGENDS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Joe Longo and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE CHILDREN'S LIBRARY
+
+[Illustration: Snail]
+
+
+FINNISH LEGENDS
+
+
+[Illustration: Witch & Moon]
+
+[Illustration: Butterfly]
+
+
+
+
+_THE CHILDREN'S LIBRARY._
+
+
+THE BROWN OWL.
+THE CHINA CUP.
+STORIES FROM FAIRYLAND.
+TALES FROM THE MABINOGION.
+THE STORY OF A PUPPET.
+THE LITTLE PRINCESS.
+IRISH FAIRY TALES.
+AN ENCHANTED GARDEN.
+LA BELLE NIVERNAISE.
+THE FEATHER.
+FINN AND HIS COMPANIONS.
+NUTCRACKER AND MOUSE-KING.
+THE PENTAMERONE.
+FINNISH LEGENDS.
+
+(_Others in the Press._)
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: FINNISH KOTA.]
+
+
+
+
+FINNISH LEGENDS
+FOR
+ENGLISH CHILDREN
+
+
+BY
+R. EIVIND
+
+
+_SEVEN ILLUSTRATIONS_
+
+
+LONDON
+T. FISHER UNWIN
+1893
+
+[Illustration: T. Fisher Unwin Printer's Mark]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+The following stories cover almost all of the songs of the Kalevala, the
+epic of the Finnish people. They will lead the English child into a new
+region in the fairy world, yet one where he will recognise many an old
+friend in a new form. The very fact that they _do_ open up a new portion
+of the world of the marvellous, will, it is hoped, render them all the
+more acceptable, and perhaps, when the child who reads them grows up to
+manhood, will inspire an actual interest in the race that has composed
+them.
+
+And this race and their land will repay study, for nowhere will one find
+a more beautiful land than Finland, nor a braver, truer, and more
+liberty-loving people than the Finns, although, alas, their love for
+liberty may soon be reduced to an apparently hopeless longing for a lost
+ideal. For the iron hand of Russian despotism has already begun to close
+on Finland with its relentless grasp, and, in spite of former oaths and
+promises from the Russian Tsars, the future of Finland looks blacker and
+blacker as time goes on. Yet it is often the unforeseen that happens,
+and let us trust that this may be so in Finland's case, and that a
+brighter future may soon dawn, and the dark clouds that now are
+threatening may be once more dispersed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In these stories Mr. T. M. Crawford's metrical translation of the
+Kalevala has been quite closely followed, even to the adoption of his
+Anglicised, or rather Anglo-Swedish, forms for proper names, though in
+some instances the original Finnish form has been reverted to. This was
+done reluctantly, but the actual Finnish forms would seem formidable to
+children in many instances, and would probably be pronounced even
+farther from the original than as they are given here. It is to be
+hoped, moreover, that those who may now read these stories will later
+on read an actual translation of the Kalevala, and this is an
+additional reason for adopting the terminology of the only English
+translation as yet made.[1]
+
+[1] A Finnish newspaper recently states that Mr. C. is now at work on an
+improved translation.
+
+As this book is only intended for children, it would be out of place to
+discuss the age, etc., of the Kalevala. Only it would seem proper to
+state, that while the incantations and some other portions of the text
+are certainly very old, some of them no doubt dating from a period prior
+to the separation of the Finns and Hungarians, yet, as Professor Yrjoe
+Koskinen remarks, "The Kalevala in its present state is without doubt
+the work of the _Karelian_ tribe of Finns, and probably dates from
+_after_ their arrival in Northern and North-Western Russia." This will
+of itself largely justify the making _Kalevala_ synonymous with the
+present _Finland_, _Pohjola_ with the present Lapland, Karjala with the
+present _Karjala_ (Anglice, _Karelia_) in South-Eastern Finland, etc.
+But even if this were not so, yet the advantage of such localisation in
+a book for children is of itself obvious.
+
+As the land and people with which the stories are concerned is so
+unknown to English children, it has seemed best to have some sort of
+introduction and framework in which to present them, and therefore
+"Father Mikko" was chosen as the story-teller.
+
+If this little volume may in any degree awake some interest in the
+Finnish people its author will be amply satisfied, and its end will have
+been attained.
+
+R. EIVIND.
+
+_April 1893._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                    PAGE
+FATHER MIKKO                           1
+
+THE WORLD'S CREATION AND THE BIRTH
+  OF WAINAMOINEN                       8
+
+THE PLANTING OF THE TREES             11
+
+WAINAMOINEN AND YOUKAHAINEN           15
+
+AINO'S FATE                           21
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S SEARCH FOR AINO         28
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S UNLUCKY JOURNEY         32
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S RESCUE                  36
+
+THE RAINBOW-MAIDEN                    41
+
+ILMARINEN FORGES THE SAMPO            50
+
+LEMMINKAINEN AND KYLLIKKI             59
+
+KYLLIKKI'S BROKEN VOW                 64
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S SECOND WOOING          69
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S DEATH                  73
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S RESTORATION            77
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S BOAT-BUILDING           86
+
+WAINAMOINEN FINDS THE LOST WORDS      93
+
+THE RIVAL SUITORS                     99
+
+ILMARINEN'S WOOING                   106
+
+THE BREWING OF BEER                  111
+
+ILMARINEN'S WEDDING FEAST            118
+
+THE ORIGIN OF THE SERPENT            124
+
+THE UNWELCOME GUEST                  131
+
+THE ISLE OF REFUGE                   136
+
+THE FROST-FIEND                      144
+
+KULLERVO'S BIRTH                     151
+
+KULLERVO AND ILMARINEN'S WIFE        156
+
+KULLERVO'S LIFE AND DEATH            160
+
+ILMARINEN'S BRIDE OF GOLD            166
+
+ILMARINEN'S FRUITLESS WOOING         170
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S EXPEDITION AND THE
+  BIRTH OF THE KANTELE (HARP)        173
+
+THE CAPTURE OF THE SAMPO             181
+
+THE SAMPO IS LOST IN THE SEA         186
+
+THE BIRTH OF THE SECOND KANTELE      190
+
+LOUHI ATTEMPTS REVENGE               194
+
+LOUHI STEALS THE SUN, THE MOON, AND
+  FIRE                               199
+
+THE RESTORATION OF THE SUN AND MOON  205
+
+MARIATTA AND WAINAMOINEN'S DEPARTURE 210
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+TABLE OF PROPER NAMES WITH PRONUNCIATION
+
+
+_Ahti_ (ach'-tee). Another name for Lemminkainen.
+
+_Ahto_ (ach'-to). God of the sea.
+
+_Ainikki_ (ae'nik-kee). Sister of Lemminkainen.
+
+_Aino_ (ae'no). Sister of Youkahainen.
+
+_Annikki_ (an'-nik-kee). Sister of Ilmarinen.
+
+_Hisi_ (hee'-see). Evil spirit; also called Lempo.
+
+_Iku Turso_ (ee'-koo-tur'-so). A sea-monster.
+
+_Ilmarinen_ (il'-ma-ree'-nen). The famous smith.
+
+_Ilmatar_ (il'-ma-tar). A daughter of the ether, mother of
+    Wainamoinen.
+
+_Imatra_ (ee'-ma-tra). Celebrated waterfall on the river Wuoksi,
+    near Viborg.
+
+_Kalerwoinen_ (kal'-er-woi'-nen) (_or_ Kalervo). Father of Kullervo.
+
+_Kalevala_ (ka'-lay-va'-la). The land of heroes. The home of
+    the Finns. The name of the Finnish epic poem.
+
+_Karjala_ (kar'-ya-la). The home of a Finnish tribe--a portion of
+    Finland (called also _Karelen_ in Swedish).
+
+_Kullervo_ (kul'-ler-vo). Slayer of the Rainbow-maiden.
+
+_Kura_ (ku'-ra). Ahti's companion to the Northland.
+
+_Lakko_ (lak'-ko). Ilmarinen's mother.
+
+_Lemminkainen_ (lem'-min-kae'-nen). Also called _Ahti_. Son of
+    _Lempo_.
+
+_Lempo_ (lem'-po). Same as _Hisi_; also the father of Lemminkainen.
+
+_Louhi_ (loo'-chee). Mistress of Pohjola.
+
+_Lowjatar_ (low'-ya-tar). Tuoni's daughter; mother of the nine
+    diseases.
+
+_Lylikki_ (ly'-lik-kee). Maker of snow-shoes in Pohjola.
+
+_Mana_ (ma'-na). Also called Tuoni; god of death.
+
+_Manala_ (ma'-na-la). Also called Tuonela; the abode of Mana;
+    the Deathland.
+
+_Mariatta_ (Mar'-iat'-ta). The virgin mother of Wainamoinen's
+    conqueror.
+
+_Mielikki_ (meay'-lik-kee). The forest-goddess.
+
+_Osmotar_ (os'-mo-tar). The wise maiden who first made beer.
+
+_Otso_ (ot'-so). The bear.
+
+_Piltti_ (pilt'-tee). Mariatta's maid-servant.
+
+_Pohjola_ (poch'-yo-la). The Northland.
+
+_Ruotus_ (ru-o'-tus). A man who gives Mariatta shelter in his
+    stable.
+
+_Sampo_ (sam'-po). The magic mill forged by Ilmarinen, which
+    brought wealth and happiness to its possessor.
+
+_Suonetar_ (swo'-ne-tar). The goddess of the veins.
+
+_Suoyatar_ (swo'-ya-tar). The mother of the serpent.
+
+_Tapio_ (ta'-pe-o). The forest-god.
+
+_Tuonela_ (tuo'-nay-la). The abode of Tuoni; the Deathland; Manala.
+
+_Tuonetar_ (tuo'-nay-tar). The goddess of Tuonela.
+
+_Tuoni_ (tuo'-nee). The god of the Deathland; Mana.
+
+_Ukko_ (uk'-k(o). The greatest god of the Finns.
+
+_Untamo_ (un'-ta-mo). Kalervo's brother.
+
+_Wainamoinen_ (wae'-na-moy'-nen). The chief hero of the
+    Kalevala; son of Kape.
+
+_Wipunen_ (wi'-pu-nen). The dead magician from whom Wainamoinen
+    obtained the three lost words.
+
+_Wirokannas_ (wee'-ro-kan'-nas). The priest who baptized
+    Mariatta's son.
+
+_Wuoksi_ (wuok'-see). A river in South-Eastern Finland, connecting
+    Lakes Saima and Ladoga.
+
+_Youkahainen_ (yoo'-ka-chae'-nen). A great minstrel and magician
+    of Pohjola.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Remarks.--The Finnish _h_ is pronounced as a guttural; nearly as Ger.
+_ch_ in _ich_. This is represented by _ch_ in the above list.
+
+Every vowel should be pronounced by itself--not run together so as to
+make a totally different resultant sound, _e.g._ _Aino_ should be
+pronounced not _i-no_, but _a'-ee-no_, the _a_ and _ee_
+being close together, with the greatest stress upon the _a_, etc.
+
+_i_ corresponds to English _y_ in _year_.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+FINNISH KOTA                _Frontispiece_
+
+SLEIGHING IN FINLAND      _Facing page_ 7
+
+INTERIOR OF LAPP HUT           "       37
+
+A LAPLAND WIZARD               "       93
+
+LAPP WOMEN IN HOLIDAY COSTUME  "      118
+
+MIMI IN HOLIDAY DRESS          "      151
+
+A WATERFALL                    "      181
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FATHER MIKKO
+
+
+Far up in the ice-bound north, where the sun is almost invisible in
+winter, and where the summer nights are bright as day, there lies a land
+which we call Finland; but the people who live there call it _Suomenmaa_
+now, and long, long ago they used to call it _Kalevala_ (which means the
+_land of heroes_). And north of Finland lies Lapland, which the Finns
+now call _Lappi_, but in the olden days they called it Pohjola (that is,
+_Northland_). There the night lasts for whole weeks and months about
+Christmas, and in the summer again they have no night at all for many
+weeks. For more than half the year their country is wrapped in snow and
+frost, and yet they are both of them a kind-hearted people, and among
+the most honest and truthful in the world.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+One dark winter's day an old man was driving in a sledge through the fir
+forest in the northern part of Finland. He was so well wrapped up in
+sheep-skin robes that he looked more like a huge bundle of rugs, with a
+cord round the middle, than anything else, and the great white
+sheep-skin cap which he wore hid all the upper part of his face, while
+the lower part was buried in the high collar of his coat. All one could
+see was a pair of bright blue eyes with frost-fringed eyelashes,
+blinking at the snow that was thrown up every now and then by his
+horse's feet.
+
+He was a travelling merchant from away up in the north-western part of
+Russia, and had been in southern Finland to sell his wares, at the
+winter fairs that are held every year in the Finnish towns and villages.
+Now he was on his way home, and had come up through Kuopio, and had got
+on past Kajana already, but now it had just begun to snow, and as the
+storm grew worse, he pressed on to reach the cabin of a friend who lived
+not far ahead; and he intended to stay there until the storm should
+subside and the weather be fit for travelling once more.
+
+It was not long before he reached the cabin, and getting out of his
+sledge slowly, being stiff from the cold and the cramped position, he
+knocked on the door with his whip-handle. It was opened at once, and he
+was invited in without even waiting to see who it was, and was given the
+welcome that is always given in that country to a wearied traveller. But
+when he had taken his wraps off there was a general cry of recognition,
+and a second even more hearty welcome.
+
+'Welcome, Father Mikko!'
+
+'What good fortune has brought you hither?'
+
+'Come up to the fire,' and a chorus of cries from two little children,
+who greeted 'Pappa Mikko' with delight as an old and welcome
+acquaintance. Then the father of the family went out and attended to
+Father Mikko's horse and sledge, and in a few minutes was back again and
+joined the old man by the fire. Next his wife brought out the
+brandy-bottle and two glasses, and after her husband had filled them, he
+and Father Mikko drank each other's health very formally, for that is
+the first thing one must do when a guest comes in that country. You must
+touch your glass against your friend's, and say 'good health,' and
+raising it to your lips drink it straight off, and all the time you must
+look each other straight in the eyes.
+
+When this important formality was finished the four members of the
+family and Father Mikko made themselves comfortable around the fire,
+and they began to ask him how things had prospered with him since they
+had seen him last, and to tell him about themselves--how Erik, the
+father of the family, had been sick, and the harvest had been extra good
+that year, and one of the cows had a calf, and all the things that
+happen to people in the country.
+
+And then he told them of what was going on in the towns where he had
+been, and how every one was beginning to get ready for Christmas. And he
+turned to the two little children and told them about the children in
+the towns--how they had had such a lovely time at 'Little Christmas,'[2]
+at the house he was staying in. How the little ones had a tiny little
+tree with wee wax candles on it exactly like the big tree they were to
+have at Christmas, and how, when he left, all the children had begun to
+be impatient for Christmas Eve, with its presents and Christmas fish and
+porridge.
+
+[2] A children's festival about one week before the real Christmas.
+
+After the old man had ended his account it was dinner-time, and they all
+ate with splendid appetites, while Father Mikko declared that the
+herring and potatoes and rye-bread and beer made a far better dinner
+than any he had had in the big cities in the south--not even in
+Helsingfors had he had a better. Then when dinner was over, and they
+had all gathered round the fire again, little Mimi climbed up into
+'Pappa Mikko's' lap, and begged him to tell them '_all_ the stories he
+had ever heard, from the very beginning of the world all the way down.'
+And her father and mother joined with her in her request, for in their
+land even the grown-up people have not become too grand to listen to
+stories. As for the little boy, Antero, he was too shy to say anything;
+but he was so much interested to hear 'Pappa Mikko' that he actually
+forgot to nibble away at a piece of candy which 'Pappa Mikko' had
+brought from St. Michel.
+
+The old man smiled, for he was always asked for stories wherever he
+went--he was a famous story-teller--and, stroking little Mimi's hair
+gently, he looked at the group around the fire before replying. There
+was Erik, the father, a broad-shouldered man, with a dark,
+weather-beaten face and rather a sad look, as so many of his countrymen
+have. His face showed that his struggle in the world had not been easy,
+for he had to be working from the time he got up until he went to bed;
+and then when the harvest had been bad, and the winter much longer than
+usual, and everything seemed to go wrong--ah! it was so hard then to see
+the mother and the little ones have only bark-bread to eat, and not
+always enough of that, and one winter they had had nothing else for
+months. Erik wouldn't have minded for himself, but for them ...! Ah
+well, that was all over now; he had been able at last to save up a
+little sum of money, and the harvests were extra good this year, and he
+had bought Mother Stina a cloak for Christmas! Just think of it--a fine
+cloak, all the way from the fair at Kuopio!
+
+And next to Erik sat his wife Stina, a short, fat little woman, with
+such a merry face and happy-looking eyes that you could hardly believe
+that she had lived on anything but the best herring and potatoes and
+rye-bread all her life. Close by her side was her little boy Antero, who
+was only seven years old, and in his eagerness for the stories to
+commence he still held his piece of candy in his hand without tasting
+it.
+
+Then there was little Mimi in Father Mikko's lap. She was nearly ten
+years old, and was not a pretty little girl; but she had very lovely
+soft brown eyes and curly flaxen hair, and a quiet, demure manner of her
+own, and her mother declared that when she grew up she would be able to
+spin and weave and cook better than any other girl in the parish, and
+that the young man that should get her Mimi for a wife would get a real
+treasure.
+
+[Illustration: SLEIGHING IN FINLAND.]
+
+And lastly, there was Father Mikko himself, an old man over sixty, yet
+strong and hearty, with a long gray beard and gray hair, and eyes
+that fairly twinkled with good humour. You could hardly see his mouth
+for his beard and moustache, and certainly his nose _was_ a little too
+small and turned up at the end to be exactly handsome, and his
+cheek-bones _did_ stand out a little too high; but yet everybody, young
+and old, liked him, and his famous stories made him a welcome guest
+wherever he came.
+
+So Father Mikko lit his queer little pipe, and settled down comfortably
+with Mimi in his lap, and a glass of beer at his side to refresh himself
+with when he grew weary of talking. There was only the firelight in the
+room, and as the flames roared up the chimney they cast a warm, cosy
+light over the whole room, and made them all feel so comfortable that
+they thanked God in their hearts in their simple way, because they had
+so many blessings and comforts when such a storm was raging outside that
+it shook the house and drifted the snow up higher than the doors and
+windows.
+
+Then Father Mikko began, and this is the first story that he told them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE WORLD'S CREATION AND THE BIRTH OF WAINAMOINEN
+
+
+Long, long ago, before this world was made, there lived a lovely maiden
+called Ilmatar, the daughter of the Ether. She lived in the air--there
+were only air and water then--but at length she grew tired of always
+being in the air, and came down and floated on the surface of the water.
+Suddenly, as she lay there, there came a mighty storm-wind, and poor
+Ilmatar was tossed about helplessly on the waves, until at length the
+wind died down and the waves became still, and Ilmatar, worn out by the
+violence of the tempest, sank beneath the waters.
+
+Then a magic spell overpowered her, and she swam on and on vainly
+seeking to rise above the waters, but always unable to do so. Seven
+hundred long weary years she swam thus, until one day she could not bear
+it any longer, and cried out: 'Woe is me that I have fallen from my
+happy home in the air, and cannot now rise above the surface of the
+waters. O great Ukko,[3] ruler of the skies, come and aid me in my
+sorrow!'
+
+[3] The chief god of the Finns before they became Christians.
+
+No sooner had she ended her appeal to Ukko than a lovely duck flew down
+out of the sky, and hovered over the waters looking for a place to
+alight; but it found none. Then Ilmatar raised her knees above the
+water, so that the duck might rest upon them; and no sooner did the duck
+spy them than it flew towards them and, without even stopping to rest,
+began to build a nest upon them.
+
+When the nest was finished, the duck laid in it six golden eggs, and a
+seventh of iron, and sat upon them to hatch them. Three days the duck
+sat on the eggs, and all the while the water around Ilmatar's knees grew
+hotter and hotter, and her knees began to burn as if they were on fire.
+The pain was so great that it caused her to tremble all over, and her
+quivering shook the nest off her knees, and the eggs all fell to the
+bottom of the ocean and broke in pieces. But these pieces came together
+into two parts and grew to a huge size, and the upper one became the
+arched heavens above us, and the lower one our world itself. From the
+white part of the egg came the moonbeams, and from the yolk the bright
+sunshine.
+
+At last the unfortunate Ilmatar was able to raise her head out of the
+waters, and she then began to create the land. Wherever she put her hand
+there arose a lovely hill, and where she stepped she made a lake. Where
+she dived below the surface are the deep places of the ocean, where she
+turned her head towards the land there grew deep bays and inlets, and
+where she floated on her back she made the hidden rocks and reefs where
+so many ships and lives have been lost. Thus the islands and the rocks
+and the firm land were created.
+
+After the land was made Wainamoinen was born, but he was not born a
+child, but a full-grown man, full of wisdom and magic power. For seven
+whole years he swam about in the ocean, and in the eighth he left the
+water and stepped upon the dry land. Thus was the birth of Wainamoinen,
+the wonderful magician.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Ah!' said little Mimi, with a sigh of relief, 'I was afraid you weren't
+going to tell us about Wainamoinen at all.'
+
+And then Father Mikko went on again.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE PLANTING OF THE TREES
+
+
+Wainamoinen lived for many years upon the island on which he had first
+landed from the sea, pondering how he should plant the trees and make
+the mighty forests grow. At length he thought of Sampsa, the first-born
+son of the plains, and he sent for him to do the sowing. So Sampsa came
+and scattered abroad the seeds of all the trees and plants that are now
+on the earth,--firs and pine-trees on the hills, alders, lindens, and
+willows in the lowlands, and bushes and hawthorn in the secluded nooks.
+
+Soon all the trees had grown up and become great forests, and the
+hawthorns were covered with berries. Only the acorn lay quiet in the
+ground and refused to sprout. Wainamoinen watched seven days and nights
+to see if it would begin to grow, but it lay perfectly still. Just then
+he saw ocean maidens on the shore, cutting grass and raking it into
+heaps. And as he watched them there came a great giant out of the sea
+and pressed the heaps into such tight bundles that the grass caught fire
+and burnt to ashes. Then the giant took an acorn and planted it in the
+ashes, and almost instantly it began to sprout, and a tree shot up and
+grew and grew until it became a mighty oak, whose top was far above the
+clouds, and whose branches shut out the light of the Sun and the Moon
+and the stars.
+
+When Wainamoinen saw how the oak had shut off all the light from the
+earth, he was as deeply perplexed how to get rid of it, as he had been
+before to make it grow. So he prayed to his mother Ilmatar to grant him
+power to overthrow this mighty tree, so that the sun might shine once
+more on the plains of Kalevala.
+
+No sooner had he asked Ilmatar for help than there stepped out of the
+sea a tiny man no bigger than one's finger, dressed in cap, gloves, and
+clothes of copper, and carrying a small copper hatchet in his belt.
+Wainamoinen asked him who he was, and the tiny man replied: 'I am a
+mighty ocean-hero, and am come to cut down the oak-tree.' But
+Wainamoinen began to laugh at the idea of so little a man being able to
+cut down so huge a tree.
+
+But even while Wainamoinen was laughing, the dwarf grew all at once
+into a great giant, whose head was higher than the clouds, and whose
+long beard fell down to his knees. The giant began to whet his axe on a
+huge piece of rock, and before he had finished he had worn out six
+blocks of the hardest rock and seven of the softest sandstone. Then he
+strode up to the tree and began to cut it down. When the third blow had
+fallen the fire flew from his axe and from the tree; and before he had
+time to strike a fourth blow, the tree tottered and fell, covering the
+whole earth, north, south, east, and west, with broken fragments. And
+those who picked up pieces of the branches received good fortune; those
+who found pieces of the top became mighty magicians; and those who found
+the leaves gained lasting happiness.
+
+And then the sunlight came once more to Kalevala, and all things grew
+and flourished, only the barley had not yet been planted. Now
+Wainamoinen had found seven magic barley-grains as he was wandering on
+the seashore one day, and he took these and was about to plant them; but
+the titmouse stopped him, saying: 'The magic barley will not grow unless
+thou first cut down and burn the forest, and then plant the seeds in the
+wood-ashes.'
+
+So Wainamoinen cut down the trees as the titmouse had said, only he
+left the birch-trees standing. After all the rest were cut down an
+eagle flew down, and, alighting on a birch-tree, asked why all the
+others had been destroyed, but the birches left. And Wainamoinen
+answered that he had left them for the birds to build their nests on,
+and for the eagle to rest on, and for the sacred cuckoo to sit in and
+sing. The eagle was so pleased at this that he kindled a fire amongst
+the other trees for Wainamoinen, and they were all burnt except the
+birches.
+
+Wainamoinen then brought forth the seven magic barley-seeds from his
+skin-pouch, and sowed them in the ashes, and as he sowed he prayed to
+great Ukko to send warm rains from the south to make the seeds sprout.
+And the rain came, and the barley grew so fast that in seven days the
+crop was almost ripe.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN AND YOUKAHAINEN
+
+
+Thus Wainamoinen finished his labours and began to lead a happy life on
+the plains of Kalevala. He passed his evenings singing of the deeds of
+days gone by and stories of the creation, until his fame as a great
+singer spread far and wide in all directions.
+
+At this time, far off in the dismal Northland, there lived a young and
+famous singer and magician named Youkahainen. He was sitting one day at
+a feast with his friends, when some one came and told about the famous
+singer Wainamoinen, and how he was a sweeter singer and a more powerful
+magician than any one else in the world. This filled Youkahainen's heart
+with envy, and he vowed to hasten off to the south and to enter into a
+contest with Wainamoinen to see if he could not beat him.
+
+His mother tried to persuade him not to go, but in vain, and he made
+ready for the journey, declaring that he would sing such magic songs as
+would turn old Wainamoinen into stone. Then he brought out his noble
+steed and harnessed him to a golden sledge, and then jumping in, he gave
+the steed a cut with his pearl-handled whip, and dashed off towards
+Kalevala. On the evening of the third day he drew near to Wainamoinen's
+home, and there he met Wainamoinen himself driving along the highway.
+
+Now Youkahainen was too proud to turn out of the road for any one, and
+so their sledges dashed together and were smashed to pieces, and the
+harnesses became all twisted up together. Then Wainamoinen said: 'Who
+art thou, O foolish youth, that thou drivest so badly that thou hast run
+into my sledge and broken it to pieces?' And Youkahainen answered
+proudly: 'I am Youkahainen, and have come hither to beat the old
+magician Wainamoinen in singing and in magic.'
+
+Wainamoinen then told him who he was, and accepted the challenge, and so
+the contest began. But Youkahainen soon found that he was no match for
+his opponent, and at length he cried out in anger: 'If I cannot beat
+thee at singing and in magic, at least I can conquer thee with my bright
+sword.'
+
+Wainamoinen answered that he would not fight so weak an opponent, and
+then Youkahainen declared that he was a coward and afraid to fight. At
+last these taunts made Wainamoinen so angry that he could not restrain
+himself any longer, and he began to sing. He sang such wondrous spells
+that the mountains and the rocks began to tremble, and the sea was
+upheaved as if by a great storm. Youkahainen stood transfixed, and as
+Wainamoinen went on singing his sledge was changed to brushwood and the
+reins to willow branches, the pearl-handled whip became a reed, and his
+steed was transformed into a rock in the water, and all the harness into
+seaweed. And still the old magician sang his magic spells, and
+Youkahainen's gaily-painted bow became a rainbow in the sky, his
+feathered arrows flew away as hawks and eagles, and his dog was turned
+to a stone at his feet. His cap turned into a curling mist, his clothing
+into white clouds, and his jewel-set girdle into stars.
+
+And at length the spell began to take effect on Youkahainen himself.
+Slowly, slowly he felt himself sinking into a quicksand, and all his
+struggles to escape were in vain. When he had sunk up to his waist he
+began to beg for mercy, and cried out: 'O great Wainamoinen, thou art
+the greatest of all magicians. Release me, I beg, from this quicksand,
+and I will give thee two magic bows. One is so strong that only the very
+strongest men can draw it, and the other a child can shoot.'
+
+But Wainamoinen refused the bows and sank Youkahainen still deeper. And
+as he sank, Youkahainen kept begging for mercy, and offering first two
+magic boats, and then two magic steeds that could carry any burden, and
+finally all his gold and silver and his harvests, but Wainamoinen would
+not even listen to him. At length Youkahainen had sunk so far that his
+mouth began to be filled with water and mud, and he cried out as a last
+hope: 'O mighty Wainamoinen, if thou wilt release me I will give thee my
+sister Aino as thy bride.'
+
+This was the ransom that Wainamoinen had been waiting for, for Aino was
+famous for her beauty and loveliness of character, and so he released
+poor Youkahainen and gave him back his sledge and everything just as it
+had been before. And when it was all ready Youkahainen jumped into it
+and drove off home without saying a word.
+
+When he reached home he drove so carelessly that his sledge was broken
+to pieces against the gate-posts, and he left the broken sledge there
+and walked straight into the house with hanging head, and at first
+would not answer any of his family's questions. At length he said:
+'Dearest mother, there is cause enough for my grief, for I have had to
+promise the aged Wainamoinen my dear sister Aino as his bride.' But his
+mother arose joyfully and clapped her hands and said: 'That is no reason
+to be sad, my dear son, for I have longed for many years that this very
+thing should happen--that Aino should have so brave and wise a husband
+as Wainamoinen.'
+
+So the mother told the news to Aino, but when she heard it she wept for
+three whole days and nights and refused to be comforted, saying to her
+mother: 'Why should this great sorrow come to me, dear mother, for now I
+shall no longer be able to adorn my golden hair with jewels, but must
+hide it all beneath the ugly cap that wives have to wear. All the golden
+sunshine and the silver moonlight will go from my life.'
+
+But her mother tried to comfort her by telling her that the sun and moon
+would shine even more brightly in her new home than in her old, and that
+Kalevala was a land of flowers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'I think Aino was very stupid not to want to leave that horrid Lapland,'
+said Mimi; 'but then I suppose she didn't know what a beautiful country
+ours is,' she added thoughtfully.
+
+Here Antero, who only cared for the stories, mustered up enough courage
+to ask Pappa Mikko to go on, which the old man did at once.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+AINO'S FATE
+
+
+The next morning the lovely Aino went early to the forest to gather
+birch shoots and tassels. After she had finished gathering them she
+hastened off towards home, but as she was going along the path near the
+border of the woods she met Wainamoinen, who began thus:
+
+'Aino, fairest maid of the north, do not wear thy gold and pearls for
+others, but only for me; wear for me alone thy golden tresses.'
+
+'Not for thee,' Aino replied, 'nor for others either, will I wear my
+jewels. I need them no longer; I would rather wear the plainest clothing
+and live upon a crust of bread, if only I might live for ever with my
+mother.'
+
+And as she said this she tore off her jewels and the ribbons from her
+hair, and threw them from her into the bushes, and then she hurried
+home, weeping. At the door of the dairy sat her mother, skimming milk.
+When she saw Aino weeping she asked her what it was that troubled her.
+Aino, in reply, told her all that had happened in the forest, and how
+she had thrown away from her all her ornaments.
+
+Her mother, to comfort her, told her to go to a hill-top near by and
+open the storehouse there, and there in the largest room, in the largest
+box in that room, she would find six golden girdles and seven
+rainbow-tinted dresses, made by the daughters of the Moon and of the
+Sun. 'When I was young,' her mother said, 'I was out upon the hills one
+day seeking berries. And by chance I overheard the daughters of the Sun
+and Moon as they were weaving and spinning upon the borders of the
+clouds above the fir-forest. I went nearer to them, and crept up on a
+hill within speaking distance of them. Then I began to beseech them,
+saying: "Give some of your silver, lovely daughters of the Moon, to a
+poor but worthy maid; and I beg you, daughters of the Sun, give me some
+of your gold." And then the Moon's daughters gave me silver from their
+treasure, and the Sun's daughters gave me gold that I might adorn my
+hair and forehead. I hastened joyfully home with my treasures to my
+mother's house, and for three days I wore them. Then I took them off
+and laid them in boxes, and I have never seen them since. But now, my
+daughter, go and adorn thyself with gold and silk ribbons; put a
+necklace of pearls around thy neck, and a golden cross upon thy bosom;
+dress thyself in pure white linen; put on the richest frock that is
+there and tie it with a belt of gold; put silk stockings on thy feet and
+the finest of shoes. Then come back to us that we may admire thee, for
+thou wilt be more beautiful than the sunlight, more lovely than the
+moonbeams.'
+
+But Aino would not be consoled, and kept on weeping. 'How happy I was in
+my childhood,' she sang, 'when I used to roam the fields and gather
+flowers, but now my heart is full of grief and all my life is filled
+with darkness. It would have been better for me if I had died a
+child;--then my mother would have wept a little, and my father and
+sisters and brothers mourned a little while, and then all their sorrow
+would have been ended.'
+
+Aino wept for three days more, and then her mother once more asked her
+why she wept so, and Aino replied: 'I weep, O mother, because thou hast
+promised me to the aged Wainamoinen, to be his comforter and caretaker
+in his old age. Far better if thou hadst sent me to the bottom of the
+sea, to live with the fishes and to become a mermaid and ride on the
+waves. This had been far better than to be an old man's slave and
+darling.'
+
+When she had said this she left her mother and hastened to the
+storehouse on the hill. There she opened the largest box and took off
+six lids, and at the bottom found six golden belts and seven silk
+dresses. She chose the best of all the treasures there and adorned
+herself like a queen, with rings and jewels and gold ornaments of every
+sort.
+
+When she was fully arrayed she left the storehouse and wandered over
+fields and meadows and on through the dim and gloomy fir-forest, singing
+as she went: 'Woe is me, poor broken-hearted Aino! My grief is so heavy
+that I can no longer live. I must leave this earth and go to Manala, the
+country of departed spirits. Father, mother, brothers, sisters, weep for
+me no longer, for I am going to live beneath the sea, in the lovely
+grottos, on a couch of sea-moss.'
+
+For three long weary days Aino wandered, and as the cold night came on
+she at last reached the seashore. There she sank down, weary, on a rock,
+and sat there alone in the black night, listening to the solemn music of
+the wind and the waves, as they sang her funeral melody. When at last
+the day dawned Aino beheld three water-maidens sitting on a rock by the
+sea. She hastened to them, weeping, and then began to take off all her
+ornaments and lay them carefully away. When at length she had laid all
+her gold and silver decorations on the ground, she took the ribbons from
+her hair and hung them in a tree, and then laid her silken dress over
+one of the branches and plunged into the sea. At a distance she saw a
+lovely rock of all the colours of the rainbow, shining in the golden
+sunlight. She swam up and climbed upon it to rest. But suddenly the rock
+began to sway, and with a loud crash it fell to the bottom of the sea,
+carrying with it the unhappy Aino. And as she sank down she sang a last
+sad farewell to all her dear ones at home--a song that was so sweet and
+mournful that the wild beasts heard it, and were so touched by it that
+they resolved to send a messenger to tell her parents what had happened.
+
+So the animals held a council, and first the bear was proposed as
+messenger, but they were afraid he would eat the cattle. Next came the
+wolf, but they feared that he might eat the sheep. Then the fox was
+proposed, but then he might eat the chickens. So at length the hare was
+chosen to bear the sad tidings, and he promised to perform his office
+faithfully.
+
+He ran like the wind, and soon reached Aino's home. There he found no
+one in the house, but on going to the door of the bath-cabin he found
+some servants there making birch brooms. They had no sooner caught sight
+of him than they threatened to roast him and eat him, but he replied:
+'Do not think I have come hither to let you roast me. For I come with
+sad tidings to tell you of the flight of Aino and how she died. The
+rainbow-coloured stone sank with her to the bottom of the sea, and she
+perished, singing like a lovely song-bird. There she sleeps in the
+caverns at the bottom of the sea, and on the shore she has left her
+silken dress and all her gold and jewels.'
+
+When these tidings came to her mother the bitter tears poured from her
+eyes, and she sang, 'O all other mothers, listen: never try to force
+your daughters from the house they long to stay in, unto husbands whom
+they love not. Thus I drove away my daughter, Aino, fairest in the
+Northland.'
+
+Singing thus she sat and wept, and the tears trickled down until they
+reached her shoes, and began to flow out over the ground. Here they
+formed three little streams, which flowed on and grew larger and larger
+until they became roaring torrents, and in each torrent was a great
+waterfall. And in the midst of the waterfalls rose three huge rocky
+pillars, and on the rocks were three green hills, and on each of the
+hills was a birch-tree, and on each tree sat a cuckoo. And all three
+sang together. And the first one sang 'Love! O Love!' for three whole
+moons, mourning for the dead maiden. And the second sang 'Suitor!
+Suitor!' wailing six long moons for the unhappy suitor. And the third
+sang sadly 'Consolation! Consolation!' never ending all his life long
+for the comfort of the broken-hearted mother.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mother Stina looked at little Mimi very solemnly when this story was
+ended, as if she wondered whether she herself would ever need to take to
+heart the warning of Aino's mother. But no one said anything, and Father
+Mikko continued on with the next story.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S SEARCH FOR AINO
+
+
+When the news reached Wainamoinen he began to weep most bitterly, and
+the tears fell all that day and night; but the next day he hastened to
+the water's edge and prayed to the god of dreams to tell him where the
+water-gods dwelt. And the dream-god answered him lazily, and told him
+where the island was around which the sea-gods and the mermaids lived.
+
+Then Wainamoinen hastened to his boat-house, and chose a copper boat,
+and in it placed fishing lines and hooks and nets, and when all was
+ready he rowed off swiftly towards the forest-covered island which the
+dream-god had told him of. No sooner had he arrived there than he began
+to fish, using a line of silver and a hook of gold. But for many days he
+fished in vain, yet still he persevered. At last one day a wondrous
+fish was caught, and it played about and struggled a long time until at
+length it was exhausted, and the hero landed it in the boat.
+
+When Wainamoinen saw it he was astonished at its beauty, but after
+gazing at it for some time he drew out his knife and was about to cut it
+up ready for eating. But no sooner had he touched the fish with his
+knife than it leapt from the bottom of the boat and dived under the
+water. Then it rose again out of his reach and said to him: 'O ancient
+minstrel, I did not come hither to be eaten by thee, merely to give thee
+food for a day.'
+
+'Why didst thou come then?' asked Wainamoinen.
+
+'I came, O minstrel, to rest in thine arms and to be thy companion and
+wife for ever,' the fish replied; 'to keep thy home in order and to do
+whatever thou pleased. For I am not a fish; I am no salmon of the
+Northern Seas, but Youkahainen's youngest sister. I am the one thou wert
+fishing for--Aino, whom thou lovest. Once thou wert wise, but now art
+foolish, cruel. Thou didst not know enough to keep me, but wouldst eat
+me for thy dinner!'
+
+Then Wainamoinen begged her to return to him, but the fish replied:
+'Nevermore will Aino's spirit come to thee to be so treated,' and as it
+spoke the fish dived out of sight.
+
+Still Wainamoinen did not give up, but took out his nets and began
+dragging the waters. And he dragged all the waters in the lands of
+Lapland and of Kalevala, and caught fish of every sort, only Aino, now
+the water-maiden, never came into his net. 'Fool that I am,' he said at
+length, 'surely I was once wise, had at least a bit of wisdom, but now
+all my power has left me. For I have had Aino in my boat, but did not
+know until too late that I had even caught her.' And with these words he
+gave up his search and set off to his home in Kalevala. And on his way
+he mourned that the joyous song of the sacred cuckoo had ceased, and he
+sang: 'I shall never learn the secret how to live and prosper. If only
+my ancient mother were still living, she could give me good advice that
+this sorrow might leave me.'
+
+Then his mother awoke from her tomb in the depths and spoke to him: 'Thy
+mother was but sleeping, and I'll now advise thee how this sorrow may
+pass over. Go at once to the Northland, where dwell wise and lovely
+maidens, far lovelier than Aino. Take one of them for thy wife; she will
+make thee happy and be an honour to thy home.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'I don't think he had much of a heart if he could be consoled so easily
+as all that,' said Mother Stina, a little indignantly.
+
+'Wait and you shall see,' said old Father Mikko with a smile; and he
+continued.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S UNLUCKY JOURNEY
+
+
+Wainamoinen made ready for a journey to the Northland, to the land of
+cold winters and of little sunshine, where he was to seek a wife. He
+saddled his swift steed, and mounting, started towards the north. On and
+on he went upon his magic steed, galloping over the plains of Kalevala.
+And when he came to the shores of the wide sea, he did not halt, but
+galloped on over the water without even so much as wetting a hoof of his
+magic courser.
+
+But wicked Youkahainen hated Wainamoinen for what he had done when he
+defeated him in magic, and so he made ready a bow of steel. He painted
+it with many bright colours and trimmed it with gold and silver and
+copper. Then he chose the strongest sinews from the stag, and at length
+the great bow was ready. On the back was painted a courser, at each end
+a colt, near the bend a sleeping maiden, near the notch a running hare.
+And after that he cut some arrows out of oak, put tips of sharpened
+copper on them, and five feathers on the end. Then he hardened the
+arrows and steeped them in the blood of snakes and the poison of the
+adder to give them magic power.
+
+When all was ready Youkahainen went out to wait for his enemy. For many
+days and nights he watched in vain, but still he did not weary, and at
+last one day at dawn he saw what seemed to be a black cloud on the
+waters. But by his magic art he knew that it was Wainamoinen on his
+magic steed. Then he went after his bow, but his mother stopped him and
+asked him whom he meant to shoot with his bow and poisoned arrows.
+Youkahainen replied: 'I have made this mighty bow and these poisoned
+arrows for the old magician Wainamoinen, that I may destroy my rival.'
+
+His mother reproved him, saying, 'If thou slayest Wainamoinen all our
+joy will vanish, all the singing and music will die with him. It is
+better that we have his magic music in this world than to have it all go
+to the underground world Manala, where the spirits of the dead dwell.'
+
+Youkahainen hesitated for a moment, but then envy and hatred filled his
+heart, and he replied: 'Even though all joy and pleasure vanish from the
+world, yet will I shoot this rival singer, let the end be what it will.'
+
+With these words he hastened out and took his stand in a thicket near
+the shore. He chose the three strongest arrows from his quiver, and
+selecting the best among these three, he laid it against the string and
+aimed at Wainamoinen's heart. And as he still waited for him to come
+nearer, he sang this incantation: 'Be elastic, bow-string mine, swiftly
+fly, O oaken arrow, swift as light, O poisoned arrow, to the heart of
+Wainamoinen. If my hand too low shall aim thee, may the gods direct thee
+higher. If mine eye too high shall aim thee, may the gods direct thee
+lower.'
+
+Then he let the arrow fly, but it flew over Wainamoinen's head and
+pierced and scattered the clouds above. Again he shot a second, but it
+flew too low and penetrated to the depths of the sea. Then he aimed the
+third, and it flew from his bow swift as lightning. Straight forward it
+flew, and struck the magic steed full in the shoulder so that
+Wainamoinen was plunged headlong into the waves. And then arose a mighty
+storm-wind, and the old magician was carried far out into the wide open
+sea.
+
+But Youkahainen believed that he had killed his rival, and so went
+home, rejoicing and singing as he went. And his mother asked him, 'Hast
+thou slain great Wainamoinen?' and he replied, 'I have slain old
+Wainamoinen. Into the salt sea he plunged headlong, and the old magician
+is now at the bottom of the deep.'
+
+But his mother replied: 'Woe to earth for what thou hast done. Joy and
+singing are gone for ever, for thou hast slain the great wise singer,
+thou hast slain the joy of Kalevala.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+All his listeners seemed very much dissatisfied at the turn the story
+had taken, so Father Mikko hastened to assure them that Wainamoinen was
+not really dead, and then he began the next story.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S RESCUE
+
+
+But Wainamoinen was not dead, but swam on for eight days and seven
+nights trying to reach land. And when the evening of the eighth day came
+and still no land was in sight, he began to grow tired and to despair of
+ever getting out alive.
+
+But just then he spied an eagle of wonderful size flying towards him
+from the west. And the eagle flew up to him and asked who he was and how
+he had come there in the ocean.
+
+And Wainamoinen replied: 'I am Wainamoinen, the great singer and
+magician. I had left my home for the distant Northland, and as I
+galloped over the ocean and neared the shore, the wicked Youkahainen
+killed my steed with his magic arrows, and I was cast headlong into the
+waters. And then a mighty wind arose and drove me farther and ever
+farther out to sea, and now I have been struggling with the winds and
+waves for eight long weary days, and I fear that I shall perish of cold
+and hunger before I reach any land.'
+
+[Illustration: INTERIOR OF LAPP HUT.]
+
+The eagle replied: 'Do not be discouraged, but seat thyself upon my back
+and I will carry thee to land, for I have not forgotten the day when
+thou left the birch-trees standing for the birds to sing in and the
+eagle to rest on.'
+
+So Wainamoinen climbed upon the eagle's broad back and seated himself
+securely there, and off the eagle flew, straight to the nearest land.
+There on the shore of the dismal Northland the eagle left him, and flew
+off to join his mate.
+
+Wainamoinen found himself upon a bare, rocky point of land, without a
+trace of human life about it, nor any path through the woods by which it
+was surrounded. And he wept bitterly, for he was far from home, covered
+with wounds from his battle with the winds and waters, and faint with
+hunger: three days and three nights he wept without ceasing.
+
+Now the fair and lovely daughter of old Louhi had laid a wager with the
+Sun, that she would rise before him the next morning. And so she did,
+and had time to shear six lambs before the Sun had left his couch
+beneath the ocean. And after this she swept up the floor of the stable
+with a birch broom, and collecting the sweepings on a copper shovel, she
+carried them to the meadow near the seashore. There she heard the sound
+of some one weeping, and hastening back she told her mother of it.
+
+Then Louhi, ancient mistress of the Northland, hurried out from her
+house and down to the seashore. There she heard the sound of weeping,
+and quickly pushed off from the shore in a boat and rowed to where the
+weeping Wainamoinen sat.
+
+When she came to him she said to him: 'What folly hast thou done to be
+in so sad a state?'
+
+Wainamoinen replied: 'It is indeed folly that has brought me into this
+trouble. I was happy enough at home before I went on this expedition.'
+
+Then Louhi asked him to tell her who he was of all the great heroes.
+
+Wainamoinen replied: 'Formerly I was honoured as a great singer and
+magician: I was called the "Singer of Kalevala," the wise Wainamoinen.'
+
+Then Louhi said: 'Rise, O hero, from thy lowly couch among the willows,
+come with me to my home and there tell me the story of thy adventures.'
+So she took the starving hero into her boat and rowed him to the shore,
+and took him to her house. There she gave him food, and the warmth and
+rest and shelter soon restored to him all his strength. Then Louhi asked
+him to relate his adventures, and he told her all that had happened to
+him.
+
+When he had finished Louhi said to him: 'Weep no more, Wainamoinen, for
+thou shalt be welcome in our homes, thou shalt live with us and eat our
+salmon and other fish.'
+
+Wainamoinen thanked her for her kindness, but added: 'One's own country
+and table and home are the best and dearest. May the great god, Ukko,
+the Creator, grant that I may once more reach my dear home and country.
+It is better to drink clear water from a birchen cup in one's own home,
+than in foreign lands to drink the richest liquors from the golden
+beakers of strangers.'
+
+Then Louhi asked him: 'What reward wilt thou give me, if I carry thee
+back to thy beloved home, to the plains of Kalevala?'
+
+Wainamoinen asked her what reward she would consider sufficient, whether
+gold or silver treasures, but Louhi answered: 'I ask not for gold or
+silver, O wise Wainamoinen, but canst thou forge for me the magic Sampo,
+with its lid of many colours, the magic mill that grinds out flour on
+one side, and salt from another side, and turns out money from the
+third? I will give thee, too, my daughter, as a reward, to be thy wife
+and to care for thy home.'
+
+But Wainamoinen answered sadly: 'I cannot forge for thee the magic
+Sampo, but take me to my country and I will send thee Ilmarinen, who
+will make it for thee, and wed thy lovely daughter. Ilmarinen is a
+wondrous smith; he it was who forged the heavens, and so perfectly did
+he do it that we cannot see a single mark of the hammer on them.'
+
+Louhi replied: 'Only to him who can forge the magic Sampo for me will I
+give my daughter.' Then she harnessed up her sledge and put Wainamoinen
+in it and made him all ready for his journey home. And as he started off
+she spoke these words to him: 'Do not raise thy eyes to the heavens, do
+not look upward while the day lasts, before the evening star has risen,
+or a terrible misfortune will happen to you.'
+
+Then Wainamoinen drove off, and his heart grew light as he left the
+dismal Northland behind him on his way to Kalevala.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RAINBOW-MAIDEN
+
+
+The fair Rainbow-maiden, Louhi's daughter, sat upon a rainbow in the
+heavens, and was clad in the most splendid dress of gold and silver. She
+was busy weaving golden webs of wonderful beauty, using a shuttle of
+gold and a silver weaving-comb.
+
+As Wainamoinen came swiftly along the way which led from the dark and
+dismal Northland to the plains of Kalevala, before he had gone far on
+his way he heard in the sky above him the humming of the
+Rainbow-maiden's loom. Without thinking of old Louhi's warning, he
+looked up and beheld the maiden seated on the gorgeous rainbow weaving
+beauteous cloths. No sooner had he seen the lovely maiden than he
+stopped, and calling to her asked her to come to his sledge.
+
+The Rainbow-maiden replied: 'Tell me what thou wishest of me.'
+
+'Thou shalt come with me,' Wainamoinen replied, 'to bake me
+honey-biscuit, to fill my cup with foaming beer, to sing beside my
+table, to be a queen within my home in the land of Kalevala.'
+
+But the maiden replied: 'Yesterday I went at twilight to the flowery
+meadows. There I heard a thrush singing, and I asked him, "Tell me,
+pretty song-bird, how shall I live most happily, as a maiden in my
+father's home or as a wife by my husband's side?" And the bird sang in
+reply, "The summer days are bright and warm, and so is a maiden's
+freedom; the winter is cold and dark, and so are the lives of married
+women. They are like dogs chained in a kennel, no favours are given to
+wives."'
+
+But Wainamoinen answered the maiden: 'The thrush sings only nonsense.
+Maidens are treated like little children, but wives are like queens.
+Come to my sledge, O maiden, for I am not the least among heroes, nor am
+I ignorant of magic. Come, and I will make thee my wife and queen in
+Kalevala.'
+
+Then the Rainbow-maiden promised to be his wife if he would split a
+golden hair with a knife that had no edge, and take a bird's egg from
+the nest with a snare that no one could see. Wainamoinen did both these
+things, and then begged her to come to his sledge, for he had done what
+she asked.
+
+But she set another task for him, telling him she would marry him if he
+could peel a block of sandstone and cut a whip-handle from ice without
+making a single splinter. And Wainamoinen did both these things, but
+still the maiden refused to go until he had performed a third task. This
+was to make from the splinters of her distaff a little ship, and to
+launch it into the water without touching it.
+
+Then Wainamoinen took the pieces of her distaff and set to work. He took
+them to a mountain from which he got the iron for his work, and for
+three days he laboured with hatchet and hammer. But on the evening of
+the third day a wicked spirit, Lempo, caught his hatchet as he raised it
+up, and turned it as it fell, so that it hit a rock and broke in
+fragments, and one of the pieces flew into the magician's knee, and cut
+it, so that the blood poured out.
+
+Then Wainamoinen began to sing a magic incantation to stop the blood
+from flowing, but his magic was powerless against the evil Lempo, and he
+could not stop the blood. Then he gathered certain herbs with wonderful
+powers, and put them on the wound, but still he could not heal it up,
+for Lempo's spell was too powerful for his magic. So he got into his
+sledge again, and drove off at a gallop to seek for help. Soon he came
+to a place where the road branched off in three directions. He chose the
+left-hand one, and galloped on till he reached a house. When he went to
+the door he found only a boy and a baby inside, and when he had told
+them what he wanted, the boy said, 'There is no one here that can help
+thee, but take the middle road, and perhaps thou wilt find help.'
+
+So off he galloped to where the roads branched off, and then along the
+middle one to another house. There he found an old witch lying on the
+floor, but she gave him the same answer that the boy had done, and sent
+him to the right-hand road.
+
+On this road he came to another cottage, where an old man with a long
+gray beard was sitting by the fire. And when Wainamoinen told him of his
+trouble, the old man replied, 'Greater things have been done by but
+three of the magic words; water has been turned to land, and land to
+water.' On hearing this answer Wainamoinen rose from his sledge and went
+into the cottage, and seated himself there. And all this time his knee
+was bleeding, so that the blood was enough to fill seven huge birchen
+pots.
+
+Then the old man asked him who he was, and bade him sing to him the
+origin[4] of the iron that had wounded him so, and Wainamoinen related
+the following story of how iron was first made:
+
+[4] For they believed that a magic song that told the _origin_ of any
+trouble would also cure it.
+
+Long ago after there were air and water, fire was born, and after the
+fire came iron. Ukko, the creator, rubbed his hands upon his left knee,
+and there arose thence three lovely maidens, who were the mothers of
+iron and steel. These three maidens walked forth on the clouds, and from
+their bosoms ran the milk of iron, down unto the clouds and thence down
+upon the earth. Ukko's eldest daughter cast black milk over the
+river-beds, and the second cast white milk over the hills and mountains,
+and the third red milk over the lakes and oceans; and from the black
+milk grew the soft black iron-ore; from the white milk the
+lighter-coloured ore; and from the red milk the brittle red iron-ore.
+
+After the iron had lain in peace for a while, Fire came to visit his
+brother Iron and tried to eat him up. Then Iron ran from him and took
+refuge in the swamps and marshes, and that is how we now find iron-ore
+hidden in the marshes.
+
+Then was born the great smith, Ilmarinen, and the next morning after he
+was born he built his smithy on a hill near the marshland. There he
+found the hidden iron-ore, and carried it to his smithy and put it in
+the furnace to be smelted. And Ilmarinen had not blown more than three
+strokes of the bellows before the iron began to grow soft as dough. But
+then Iron cried out to him, 'Take me from this furnace, Ilmarinen, save
+me from this cruel torture!' for the heat of the fire had grown
+unbearable.
+
+'Thou art not hurt, but only a little frightened,' Ilmarinen replied;
+'but I will take thee out, and thou shalt be a great warrior and slay
+many heroes.'
+
+But Iron swore by the hammer and anvil, 'I will injure trees and
+mountains, but I'll never kill the heroes. I will be men's servant and
+their tool, but will not serve for weapons.'
+
+So Ilmarinen put the iron on his anvil, and made from it many fine
+things and tools of every kind. But he could not harden the iron into
+steel, though he pondered over it for a long time. He made a lye from
+birch-ashes and water to harden the iron in, but it was all in vain.
+
+Just then a little bee came flying up, and Ilmarinen begged him to bring
+honey from all the flowers in the meadows, that he might put it in the
+water and so harden the iron to steel. But a hornet, one of the servants
+of the evil spirit Lempo, was sitting on the roof and overheard
+Ilmarinen's words. And the hornet flew off and collected all the evil
+charms he could find--the hissing of serpents, the venom of adders, the
+poison of spiders, the stings of every insect--and brought them to
+Ilmarinen. He thought that the bee had come and brought him honey from
+the meadows, and so mixed all these poisons with the water in which he
+was to plunge the iron. And when he thrust the iron into the poisoned
+water it was turned to hard steel, but the poisons made it forget its
+oath and grow hard-hearted, and it began to wound men and cause their
+blood to flow in streams. This was the origin of steel and iron.
+
+When Wainamoinen had finished, the old man rose from the hearth and
+began an incantation to make the wound close up. First he cursed Iron
+that it had become so wicked, and then he bade the blood cease to flow
+by the power of his magic. And as he went on he prayed to great Ukko
+that if this magic incantation should not prove sufficient, Ukko himself
+would come and stop the wound.
+
+By the time he had finished his words of magic the blood ceased flowing
+from the wound. Then the old man sent his son to make a healing salve
+out of herbs, to take away the soreness from Wainamoinen's knee.
+
+First the youth made a salve from oak-bark and young shoots, and many
+sorts of healing grasses. Three days and three nights he steeped them in
+a copper kettle, but when he had finished the salve would not do. Then
+he added still other healing herbs, and steeped it for three days more,
+and at last it was ready. First he tried it on a birch-tree that had
+been broken down by wicked Lempo. He rubbed the salve on the broken
+branches and said: 'With this salve I anoint thee, recover, O
+birch-tree, and grow more beautiful than ever!'
+
+And the tree grew together and became more beautiful and strong than
+ever before. Then he tried the salve on broken granite boulders and on
+fissures in the mountains, and it was so powerful that it closed them
+all together as if they had never existed. After this he hurried home
+and gave the magic salve to his father, and told him what he had done
+with it.
+
+The old man anointed Wainamoinen's knee with it, saying: 'Do not rely on
+thine own virtue or power, but in thy creator's strength; do not speak
+with thine own wisdom, but with great Ukko's. Whatever in thee is good
+comes from Ukko.'
+
+No sooner had the old man put on the salve and said these words, than
+Wainamoinen was seized with a terrible pain, and lay rolling and
+writhing on the floor in agony. But the old man bandaged up his knee
+with a silken bandage, and prayed to Ukko to come to his assistance.
+
+And suddenly the pain left Wainamoinen and his knee became as strong
+and well as ever. Then he raised his eyes in gratitude to heaven and
+prayed thus to Ukko: 'Praise to thee, my Creator, for the aid that thou
+hast given me. For thou hast banished all my pain and trouble. O all ye
+people of Kalevala, both those now living and those to come, boast not
+of the work that ye have done but give to God the praise, for the great
+Ukko alone can make all things perfect, Ukko is the one master!'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There was a moment's pause, and then little Mimi said that she was so
+glad Wainamoinen was well again, and asked Father Mikko to tell them
+what happened to him next. But the old man answered that he must have a
+_little_ time to breathe at least. So he filled his pipe again and
+lighted it, and Erik brought up some more beer, and they sat and smoked
+and drank beer and chatted for a while.
+
+Then, when he felt rested once more, Father Mikko obeyed Mimi's urgent
+request and began again to tell them how Wainamoinen got home, and what
+happened afterwards.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN FORGES THE SAMPO
+
+
+No sooner was Wainamoinen cured of his wound than he put his sledge in
+order and drove off at lightning speed towards Kalevala. For three days
+he journeyed over hills and valleys, over marshes and meadows, and on
+the evening of the third day he reached the land of Kalevala once again.
+
+There, on the border line he halted, and began a magic song. And as he
+sang a fir-tree began to grow from the earth, and kept on growing until
+its top had grown up above the clouds and reached to the stars. When the
+tree had finished growing, Wainamoinen sang another magic song, so that
+the moon was caught fast in the tree's branches and obliged to shine
+there until Wainamoinen should reverse his spell. And then by another
+spell he made the stars of the Great Bear fast in the tree-top, and
+then jumped into his sledge and drove on again to his home, with his
+cap set awry on his head, mourning because he had promised to send
+Ilmarinen back to the Northland, to forge the magic Sampo as his ransom.
+
+As he drove on he came to Ilmarinen's smithy, and he stopped and went in
+to him. Ilmarinen welcomed him and asked where he had been so long, and
+what had happened to him.
+
+Then Wainamoinen told him of his journey to the Northland, and all the
+dangers he had gone through, and he added: 'In a village there I saw a
+maiden, who is the fairest in all the Northland. All there sing her
+praises, for her forehead shines like the rainbow and her face is fair
+as the golden moonlight. She is more beautiful than the sun and all the
+stars together, but she will not marry any suitor. But do thou go, dear
+Ilmarinen, and see her wondrous beauty; forge the magic Sampo for her
+mother and then thou shalt win this lovely maiden to be thy wife.'
+
+But Ilmarinen replied: 'O cunning Wainamoinen, I know that thou hast
+promised me as a ransom for thyself. But I will never go to that gloomy
+country, nor do I care for thy beautiful maiden; I will not go for all
+the maids in Pohjola.'
+
+Wainamoinen answered: 'But I can tell thee of still greater wonders,
+for I have seen a giant fir-tree growing on the border of our own
+country; its top is higher than the clouds, and in its branches shine
+the moon and the Great Bear.'
+
+'I will not believe thy wonderful story,' replied Ilmarinen, 'until I
+see the tree with my own eyes and the moon and stars shining in it.'
+
+'Come with me,' said Wainamoinen, 'and I will show thee that I speak the
+truth.' So off they set to see the wondrous tree. When they had come to
+it Wainamoinen asked Ilmarinen to climb the tree and to bring down the
+moon and stars, and he at once began to climb up towards them.
+
+But, while he was climbing, the fir-tree spoke to him, saying: 'Foolish
+hero, why hast thou so little knowledge as to try to steal the moon from
+my branches?' No sooner had the tree said these words to Ilmarinen, than
+Wainamoinen sang a magic spell, calling up a great storm-wind, and
+saying to it: 'O storm-wind, take Ilmarinen and carry him in thy airy
+vessel to the dark and dismal Northland.'
+
+And the storm-wind came and heaped up the clouds so that they formed a
+boat, and seizing Ilmarinen from the tree it placed him in the clouds
+and rushed off to the north, carrying clouds and all with it. On and on
+he sailed, rising higher than the moon, tossed about by the wind, until
+at last he came to the Northland and the storm-wind set him down in
+Louhi's courtyard.
+
+Old toothless Louhi saw him as he alighted, and asked him: 'Who art thou
+that comest through the air, riding on the storm-wind? Hast thou ever
+met the great smith Ilmarinen, for I have long been waiting for him to
+come and forge the magic Sampo for me.'
+
+'I do indeed know him well,' he replied, 'for I myself am Ilmarinen.'
+
+At these words Louhi hurried into the house and told her youngest
+daughter to dress herself in all her most splendid clothes and
+ornaments, for Ilmarinen was come to make the Sampo for them. So the
+maiden chose her loveliest silken dresses, and placed a circlet of
+copper round her brow, a golden girdle round her waist, and pearls about
+her neck, and in her hair she twisted threads of gold and silver. When
+she was dressed she looked, with her rosy red cheeks and bright
+sparkling eyes, more lovely than any other maiden in all the Northland,
+and then she hurried to the hall to meet Ilmarinen.
+
+Louhi went to Ilmarinen and led him into the house, where there was a
+feast spread ready for him. She gave him the best seat at the table, and
+the choicest viands to eat, and gave him everything he wished for. Then
+she asked him if he would forge the Sampo for her, and promised him, if
+he would, her fairest daughter as his wife.
+
+Ilmarinen was charmed with her daughter's beauty, and he promised to do
+what she asked. But when he went to look for a place to work in, he
+could find no place, and not even so much as a pair of bellows to blow
+his fire with. Still he was not discouraged, but for three days he
+wandered about, looking for a place to build a workshop. On the evening
+of the third day he saw a huge rock that was suited for his purpose, and
+there he began to build. The first day he built the chimney and started
+a fire; the second day he made his bellows and put them in place; the
+third day he finished his furnace, and had all ready to begin his work.
+
+Then Ilmarinen made a magic mixture of certain metals and put them in
+the bottom of the furnace. And he hired some of Louhi's men to work the
+bellows and keep putting fuel on the fire. Three long summer days the
+workmen blew the bellows, until at length the base rock began to blossom
+in flames from the magic heat.
+
+On the evening of the first day Ilmarinen bent over the furnace and took
+out a magic bow. It gleamed like the moon, had a shaft of copper and
+tips of silver, and was the most wonderful bow that had ever been made.
+But it would not rest satisfied unless it killed a warrior every day,
+and two on feast-days. So Ilmarinen broke it into pieces and threw them
+back into the furnace, and tried again to forge the Sampo.
+
+On the evening of the second day he looked into the furnace and drew
+forth a magic vessel. It was all purple, save the ribs that were of gold
+and the vase of copper, and it was the most beautiful vessel that ever
+had been made. But wherever it went it always led men into quarrels and
+fights, so Ilmarinen broke it into pieces and threw it back into the
+furnace.
+
+On the evening of the third day he took out of the furnace a magic
+heifer, with horns of gold and the most beautifully-shaped head. But she
+was ill-tempered and would not stay at home, but rushed through the
+forest and swamps and wasted all her milk on the ground. So Ilmarinen
+cut the magic heifer in pieces and threw them back into the furnace.
+
+And on the fourth evening he took out a wonderful plough, the
+ploughshare of gold and the handles of silver and the beam of copper.
+But it ploughed up fields of barley and the richest meadows, so
+Ilmarinen threw it back into the furnace.
+
+Then he drove away all his workmen, and by his magic called up the
+storm-winds to blow his bellows. They came from the North and South and
+East and West, and they blew one day and then another and then a third,
+until the fire leapt out through the windows, the sparks flew from the
+door, and the smoke rose up and mingled with the clouds. And on the
+third evening Ilmarinen looked into the furnace and beheld the magic
+Sampo growing there. Quickly he took it out and placed it on his anvil,
+and taking a huge hammer the wonderful smith forged the luck-bringing
+Sampo. From one side it grinds out flour, and from the other salt, and
+from the third it coins out money. And the lid is all the colours of the
+rainbow, and as it rocks back and forth it grinds one measure for the
+day, and one for the market and one for the storehouse.
+
+Then old Louhi joyfully took the luck-bringing Sampo and hid it in the
+hills of Lapland. She bound it with nine great locks, and by her
+witchcraft made three roots grow all around it, two deep beneath the
+mountains and one beneath the seashore.
+
+And when he had finished the Sampo, Ilmarinen came to the lovely
+daughter of Louhi and asked her if she were ready now to be his wife.
+But she replied: 'If I should go with thee, and leave the Northland, all
+the birds would cease to sing. No, never while I live will I give up my
+maiden freedom, lest all the birds should leave the forest and the
+mermaids leave the waters.'
+
+So Ilmarinen had made the Sampo all in vain, and he was now far from
+home and had no way of returning. But Louhi came to him and asked him
+why he was grieving, and when she learned his trouble, and that he now
+wished to return to his own home, she provided him with a boat of
+copper. And when he had set sail she sent the north wind to carry him on
+his way, and on the evening of the third day he reached his home.
+
+There Wainamoinen met him and asked if he had forged the magic Sampo.
+'Yes,' replied Ilmarinen, 'I have forged the Sampo, with its lid of many
+colours. Louhi has the wondrous Sampo, but I have lost the beauteous
+maiden.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Ah!' said little Mimi, 'old Louhi's daughter was just as mean as could
+be, and of course she didn't keep her promise, because Lapps never can
+be good people.'
+
+'Don't be too hard on the poor Lapps, my dear,' said Father Mikko, 'for
+you see this happened a great many hundreds of years ago, and the whole
+world has grown better since then. But now we will leave Ilmarinen and
+Wainamoinen for a while, and I will tell you about the reckless
+Lemminkainen and his adventures.'
+
+So the old man began as follows:
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN AND KYLLIKKI
+
+
+Long, long ago a son was born to Lempo, and he was named Lemminkainen,
+but some call him Ahti. He grew up amongst the islands and fed upon the
+salmon until he became a mighty man, handsome to look at and skilled in
+magic. But he was not as good as he was handsome--he had a wicked heart,
+and was more famous for his dancing than for great deeds.
+
+Now at the time my story begins, there lived in the Northland a
+beautiful maiden named Kyllikki. She was so lovely that the Sun had
+begged her to marry his son and come and live with them. But she
+refused, and when the Moon came and besought her to marry her son, and
+the Evening Star sought her for his son, she refused them both. And
+after that came suitors from all the countries round about, but the
+lovely Kyllikki would not marry one of them.
+
+When Lemminkainen heard of this, he resolved that he would win her
+himself. But his aged mother tried to dissuade him, telling him that the
+maiden was of a higher family than his own, that all the Northland women
+would laugh at him, and then if he should try to punish them for their
+laughter, that the warriors of the Northland would fall on him and kill
+him. But all this did not make him change his mind, and he started off
+for the distant Northland.
+
+When he came near to Kyllikki's home, all the women and maidens that saw
+him began to laugh at him because he looked so poor, and yet dared to
+try to win the fair Kyllikki's hand. When he heard them laughing, it
+made him so angry that he drove on without paying any attention to how
+he was driving, and when he came to the courtyard his sledge hit against
+the gate-post and broke to pieces, and threw him out into the snow.
+
+He rose up angrier than ever, but all those around only laughed the
+harder at him, and made all manner of fun of him. Then they offered him
+a place as a shepherd on the mountains. So Ahti became a shepherd, and
+spent all the days on the hills, but in the evenings he went to their
+dances, and when he had shown them what a skilful dancer he was, he
+soon became a great favourite with all the women, and they began to
+praise him instead of laughing at him.
+
+But fair Kyllikki alone would have nothing to do with him--would not
+even look at him in spite of all his endeavours to win her. At last she
+was tired out with his attentions, and told him that he had better
+return home, for she did not like him, and that so long as he stayed
+there she would not even look at him.
+
+Still he did not go away, but waited until a chance came to carry out
+his new plan. About a month after this, all the maidens were met
+together for a dance in a glen among the hills, and among them was
+Kyllikki. Suddenly Lemminkainen came galloping up in his sledge and
+seized the fair Kyllikki as she was dancing with the rest, placed her in
+his sledge, and drove off like the whirlwind, and as he flew by the
+frightened maidens he cried out to them: 'Never tell that I have taken
+Kyllikki, or I will cast a magic spell over your lovers, so that they
+will all leave you and go off to the wars and will never come back to
+dance and make merry with you.'
+
+But Kyllikki wept and begged Lemminkainen to give her back her freedom,
+saying, 'Oh, give me back my freedom, cruel Lemminkainen; let me return
+on foot to my grieving father and mother. If thou wilt not let me go, O
+Ahti, I will curse thee and will call upon my seven valiant brothers to
+pursue and kill thee. Once I was happy among my people, but now all my
+joy has gone since thou hast come to torment me, O cruel-hearted Ahti!'
+
+But all her words could not move Lemminkainen to release her. Then he
+said to her: 'Dearest maiden, fair Kyllikki, cease thy weeping and be
+joyful; I will never harm thee nor deceive thee. Why shouldst thou be
+sorrowful, for I have a lovely home and friends and riches, and thou
+shalt never need to labour. Do not despise me because my family is not
+mighty, for I have a good spear and a sharp sword, and with these I will
+gain greatness and power for thy sake.'
+
+Then Kyllikki asked him: 'O Ahti, son of Lempo, wilt thou then be to me
+a faithful husband; wilt thou swear to me never to go to battle nor to
+strife of any sort?'
+
+'I will swear upon my honour,' Lemminkainen replied, 'that I will never
+go to battle, if thou wilt promise in return never to go to dance in the
+village, however much thou mayst long for it.'
+
+So the two swore before the great Ukko, Lemminkainen promising never to
+go to battle, and Kyllikki that she would never go to the village
+dances. And then Lemminkainen rejoicing cracked his whip, and they
+galloped on like the wind over hills and valleys towards the plains of
+Kalevala.
+
+As they came near to Lemminkainen's home, Kyllikki saw that it looked
+dreary and poor, and began to weep again, but Lemminkainen comforted
+her, telling her that now he would build a splendid mansion for her, and
+so she grew cheerful once more.
+
+They drove up to his mother's cottage, and as they entered his mother
+asked him how he had fared. Ahti answered: 'I have well repaid the scorn
+of the Northland maidens, for I have brought the fairest of them with me
+in my sledge. I brought her well wrapt in bear-skins hither, to be my
+loving bride for ever. Beloved mother, make ready for us the best room
+and prepare a rich feast, that my bride may be content.'
+
+His mother answered: 'Praised be gracious Ukko, that hath given me a
+daughter. Praise Ukko, my son, that thou hast won this lovely maiden,
+the pride of the Northland, who is purer than the snow, more graceful
+than the swan, and more beautiful than the stars. Let us make our
+dwelling larger, and decorate the walls most beautifully in honour of
+thy lovely bride, the fairest maid of all creation.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KYLLIKKI'S BROKEN VOW
+
+
+Lemminkainen and Kyllikki lived together happily for many years, keeping
+the promises they had made to each other. But one day Lemminkainen had
+not come home from fishing by sunset, and then the longing to dance was
+more than Kyllikki could withstand, and she went into the village and
+joined the maidens in their dance.
+
+As soon as Lemminkainen came home, his sister Ainikki came to him and
+told him how Kyllikki had broken her promise and had joined in the
+dance. Then Lemminkainen grew angry and sad at the same time, and he
+went to his mother and asked her to steep his clothing in the blood of
+serpents, for he was going off to battle since Kyllikki could not keep
+her vow.
+
+Kyllikki tried to persuade him not to leave her, telling him that she
+had dreamt a dream, in which she saw their home in flames and the fire
+bursting out through the doors and windows and roof. But Lemminkainen
+replied: 'I have no faith in women's dreams or maidens' vows. Bring me
+my copper armour, mother, for I long to get to the wars, to go to dismal
+Pohjola, there to win great stores of gold and silver.'
+
+'Stay at home, my dear son,' his aged mother said, 'and drink the beer
+in our cellars, sitting peaceably by thine own hearth, for we have more
+than enough gold and silver. Only the other day, as our servants were
+ploughing the fields they came upon a chest of gold and silver buried in
+the ground--take this and be content.'
+
+When all this had no effect upon Lemminkainen, his mother began to tell
+him of the magic of the Northland people, and that they would sing him
+into the fire so that he would be burnt to death. But he replied: 'Long
+ago three Lapland wizards tried to bewitch me, and employed their
+strongest spells against me, but I stood unmoved. Then I began my own
+magic songs, and before long I overcame them and sank them to the bottom
+of the sea, where they are still sleeping and the seaweed is growing
+through their hair and beards.'
+
+Still his mother tried to stop him, and his wife Kyllikki begged his
+forgiveness in tears. He stood listening to them and brushing out his
+long black hair, but at last he became impatient, and threw the brush
+from him and cried out: 'I will not stay, but keep that brush, and when
+ye see blood oozing from its bristles, then ye may know that some
+terrible misfortune has overtaken me.'
+
+Saying this he left them and put on his armour and harnessed his steed
+into his sledge. Then he sang a song, calling on all the spirits of the
+woods and the mountains and the waters and on great Ukko himself to help
+him against the Northland wizards, and when his song was ended he drove
+off like the wind.
+
+In the evening of the third day he reached a little village in the
+Northland. Here he drove into a courtyard and called out: 'Is there any
+one strong enough to attend to my horse and take care of my sledge.'
+There was a child playing on the floor of the house, and it replied that
+there was no one there to do it. Then Lemminkainen rode on to another
+house and asked the same question; and a man standing in the doorway
+replied: 'There are plenty here that are mighty enough not only to
+unharness thy steed, but to conquer thee and drive thee to thy home ere
+the sun has set.'
+
+Then Lemminkainen told him that he would return and slay him, and so
+drove off to the highest house in the village. Here he cast a spell over
+the watch-dog, so that he should not bark, and drove in. Then he struck
+on the ground with his whip, and from the ground there arose a vapour
+that concealed the sledge, and in the vapour was a dwarf that took his
+steed and unharnessed it and gave it food. But Lemminkainen went on into
+the house, having first made himself invisible. There he found a great
+many people singing and making merry, and by the fires the Northland
+wizards were seated. He made his way on, and then took on his own shape
+again and entered into the main hall, and cried out to those that were
+singing to be silent.
+
+As soon as she saw him the mistress of the house ran up to him and asked
+him who he was, and how he had passed the watch-dog unnoticed. Then
+Lemminkainen told her who he was, and instantly began to weave his magic
+spells, while the lightning shot from his fur mantle and flames from his
+eyes. He sang them all under the power of his magic--some beneath the
+waters, some into the burning fire, some beneath the heaped-up
+mountains. Only one poor old man, who was blind and lame, did he leave
+untouched. And when the old man asked him why it was that he had alone
+been left, cruel Lemminkainen began to abuse him and to torment him with
+words, until the old man, Nasshut, grew almost wild with anger, and
+hobbled away, swearing to have vengeance. Nasshut journeyed on and on,
+and at last arrived at the river Tuoni, which separates the land of the
+dead from the land of the living. There he waited until Lemminkainen
+should come, for he knew, by his wizard's skill, that he would come
+thither soon.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S SECOND WOOING
+
+
+After this Lemminkainen travelled on through dismal Pohjola until he
+came to the home of aged Louhi. He went in to Louhi and begged her to
+give him one of her daughters in marriage, but Louhi refused, saying:
+'Thou hast already taken one wife from Lapland, the fair Kyllikki, and I
+will give thee neither the loveliest nor yet the ugliest of my
+daughters.'
+
+Still Lemminkainen kept urging her, and at last, to get rid of him, she
+said: 'I will never give one of my daughters to a worthless man. Thou
+mayst not ask me again until thou bringest me the Hisi-reindeer.'
+
+Then Lemminkainen set to work to make his arrows and his darts. When
+these were done he went to Lylikki, the great snow-shoe maker, and bade
+him make a huge pair of snow-shoes, as he was going to hunt the
+Hisi-reindeer. At first Lylikki tried to dissuade him, telling him he
+could never succeed, but perhaps would die in the forest. But
+Lemminkainen ordered him again to make the snow-shoes, and Lylikki set
+to work. He made them of wood, only a few inches wide, but longer than
+Lemminkainen was tall, and with straps in the middle to fasten them on
+to the feet; and he also made a staff for Lemminkainen to push himself
+along with, or to keep his balance with when he slid down the hills.
+
+At length they were finished, and Lemminkainen put them on, and his
+quiver on his back, and took his snow-staff in his hand, and as he set
+off he cried out: 'There is no living thing in all the forest that can
+escape me now, when I take my mighty strides in Lylikki's snow-shoes.'
+
+But the evil spirit Hisi overheard him as he boasted thus, and Hisi set
+to work to make an enchanted reindeer, that Lemminkainen would never be
+able to catch. So he took bare willow branches to make the horns, and
+wood for the head, the feet and legs were made of reeds, and the veins
+from withered grass, the eyes were made from daisies, the ears from
+flowers, and the skin of the rough fir-bark, and the muscles from
+strong, sappy wood. When this magic reindeer was completed it was the
+swiftest and the finest-looking of all reindeer. And Hisi sent it off
+to Pohjola, telling it to lure Lemminkainen into the snow-covered
+mountains and there to wear him out with the cold and the fatigue of the
+chase. So the reindeer went forth to dismal Pohjola, and there it ran
+through the courtyards and the outhouses, overturning tubs of water,
+throwing the kettles from their hooks, and upsetting the dishes that
+were cooking before the fires. There was a frightful noise there, for
+all the dogs began to bark, and the children to cry, and the women to
+laugh, and the men to shout. And then the magic reindeer went on its
+way.
+
+Now Lemminkainen had set out, as soon as his snow-shoes were ready, and
+had hunted the whole world over for a trace of the Hisi-reindeer,
+rushing like the wind over mountains and valleys, until the fire shot
+from his snow-shoes, and his snow-staff smoked. But after he had
+wandered over the whole world and still had found no trace of the
+Hisi-reindeer, he came at last to the corner of Northland where the
+magic animal had just run through the courts upsetting everything, and
+the children were still crying and the women laughing when he arrived.
+Lemminkainen asked what the cause was of their uproar, and they told him
+how the reindeer had been there.
+
+No sooner had he heard this than off he flew over the snow, and as he
+went he sang a spell, calling on the powers of Pohjola to enable him to
+catch the Hisi-beast. After he had sung, he gave three huge strides with
+his snow-shoes, and at the end of the third he caught up with the
+Hisi-reindeer, and in another moment had it bound fast. Then he spoke to
+the reindeer and patted it on the head, and bade it come with him to
+Louhi. But suddenly the animal made a mighty rush, snapped his bonds in
+two, and sprang away over the hills and valleys out of sight.
+
+Lemminkainen started off after it, but at the first step his snow-shoes
+broke right in two and threw him down, breaking his arrows and his
+snow-staff in his fall. Then he arose and looked sadly at his broken
+shoes and arrows and stick, and said to himself: 'How shall I ever
+succeed in my hunt, now that my shoes are broken, and the reindeer is
+once more free?'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S DEATH
+
+
+For a long time Lemminkainen sat considering whether he should give up
+the chase and return to Kalevala, or still keep on after the
+Hisi-reindeer. At length he regained hope and courage, and having sung
+an incantation that made his snow-shoes and arrows and staff whole
+again, he started off once more.
+
+This time he turned his steps to the home of Tapio, the god of the
+forest, and as he went he began to sing wondrous songs to Tapio and his
+wife Mielikki, begging them to help him, and promising them great stores
+of gold and silver if they would do so.
+
+At last he arrived at Tapio's palace, which had window-frames of gold,
+and the palace itself was of ivory. And within it Mielikki and her
+daughters were dressed in golden garments, and wore gold and gems in
+their hair, and pearls round their necks. And they all promised to help
+Lemminkainen, and went off to drive the reindeer up to the palace so
+that he might catch it. Nor had he long to wait before whole troops of
+reindeer came flocking into the palace courtyard, and Lemminkainen saw
+among them the Hisi-deer, and caught it.
+
+Then Lemminkainen sang a song of triumph, and having paid to Tapio's
+wife, Mielikki, the gold and silver he had promised, he hastened off
+with the reindeer to Louhi's home. But when he gave the Hisi-deer to
+her, she said: 'I will give thee my fairest daughter if thou wilt catch
+and bridle for me the fiery Hisi-horse, that breathes smoke and fire
+from his mouth and nostrils.'
+
+So Lemminkainen went off, taking with him a golden bridle to put on the
+horse. For three days he wandered without catching sight of the
+Hisi-horse, but on the third day he climbed to the top of a very high
+mountain, and from thence he spied the steed on the plain amongst the
+fir-trees, breathing smoke and flames from his mouth and nostrils and
+eyes.
+
+When Lemminkainen saw him he prayed to great Ukko to send a shower of
+icy hail upon the fiery Hisi-steed, and presently a great shower of hail
+rained down, and every hailstone was larger than a man's head. After
+the hail was over, Lemminkainen came up to the fiery horse and coaxed
+him to let the golden bridle be slipped over his head. Then off they
+went like the wind, the horse obeying Lemminkainen perfectly, and in a
+very short time they arrived at Louhi's house. When he had given the
+Hisi-horse to Louhi, Lemminkainen asked again for the hand of her
+fairest daughter. But Louhi told him she would not give him her daughter
+until he had killed the swan that swam on Tuoni's river, which flows
+between the land of the living and the dead.
+
+Then Lemminkainen started off fearlessly to seek the graceful swan of
+Tuoni, and journeyed on and on until at length he came to the coal-black
+river. There the old shepherd of Pohjola, Nasshut, was waiting for him,
+and, though blind, he heard Lemminkainen's footsteps, and sent a serpent
+from the death-river to meet him. The serpent stung Lemminkainen just
+over the heart, so that he fell down dead almost instantly, only having
+time to call upon his ancient mother to help him.
+
+And Nasshut cast his body into the dismal river Tuoni, where it was
+washed down through the rapids to the Deathland, Tuonela. There the son
+of the ruler of the Deathland took the body, and cutting it into five
+portions, cast them back into the stream, saying: 'Swim there now, O
+Lemminkainen! float for ever in this river, so that thou mayst hunt the
+wild swan at thy leisure.'
+
+And thus the handsome Lemminkainen died, and was cast into the river of
+Tuoni, that flows along the Deathland.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LEMMINKAINEN'S RESTORATION
+
+
+Lemminkainen's mother began to grow uneasy at his long absence, and to
+fear that some trouble had befallen him. At last one day, as his wife,
+the fair Kyllikki, was in her room, she noticed that drops of blood had
+begun to flow from the bristles of Lemminkainen's hair-brush. Then she
+began to weep and mourn, and ran and told his mother, who came and saw
+the blood oozing from the brush, and cried out:
+
+'Woe is me, for my son, my hero, is in some terrible distress; some
+awful misfortune has happened to him.' Saying this she hurried off, and
+went straight to Louhi's house. There she asked what had become of her
+son, but Louhi only replied that she did not know, that he had driven
+off long ago in a sledge she had given him, and perhaps the wolves or
+bears had eaten him.
+
+'Thou art only telling falsehoods,' replied Lemminkainen's mother, 'for
+no bears or wolves can devour him; he would put them to sleep with his
+magic singing. Now, tell me truly, O Louhi, whither thou hast sent my
+son, or I will destroy all thy storehouses and even thy magic Sampo.'
+
+And then Louhi said that she had given him a copper boat, and he had
+floated off on the river; perhaps he had perished in the rapids below.
+But Lemminkainen's mother answered: 'Thou art still speaking falsely.
+Tell me the truth this time, or I will send plague and death upon thee.'
+
+Then Louhi answered the third time: 'I will tell thee the truth. I sent
+him to fetch me the Hisi-reindeer, and then after the fire-breathing
+horse, and last of all, after the swan that swims the death-stream,
+Tuoni, that he might gain the hand of my fairest daughter. He may have
+perished there, for he has not come back since to ask for my daughter's
+hand.'
+
+No sooner had Louhi said this than the anxious mother hurried off to
+hunt for her son. Over hills and valleys, through marsh and forest, and
+over the wide waters she went, but looked for him in vain. Then she
+asked the Trees if they had seen him but they answered: 'We have more
+than enough to think of with our own griefs. We are cut down with cruel
+axes and burned to death, and no one pities us.'
+
+So she wandered on and on, and finally she asked the Paths if they had
+seen her son pass by. But the Paths replied: 'Our own lives are too
+wretched to think of other people's sorrows. We are trodden under foot
+by beasts and men, and the heavy carts cut us in pieces.'
+
+Next she asked the Moon, but the Moon replied: 'I have trouble enough of
+my own. I have to wander all alone in both summer and winter nights, and
+have no rest.'
+
+Next she questioned the Sun, and he was kinder than the rest, and told
+her how her son had died in the gloomy river Tuoni.
+
+Then she hastened to Ilmarinen, the wondrous smith, and bade him make a
+huge rake for her out of copper, with teeth a hundred fathoms long and
+the handle five hundred fathoms. Ilmarinen quickly forged a magic rake,
+and she hurried off with it to the gloomy river Tuoni, praying as she
+went: 'O Sun, whom Ukko hath created, shine for me now with magic power
+into the kingdom of death, into dark Manala, and lull all the evil
+spirits there to sleep.'
+
+The Sun came and sat upon a birch-tree near the river of Tuoni, and
+shone upon the Deathland, Tuonela, until all the spirits fell asleep.
+Then he rose, and hovering over them, warmed them into a yet deeper
+slumber, and then hurried back to his place in the sky.
+
+Meanwhile Lemminkainen's mother had raked a long time in the coal-black
+river, but could find nothing. Then she waded in deeper and deeper,
+until she could reach into the deepest caverns with her rake. First, she
+found his jacket, and then the rest of his clothing; and finally, the
+third time she swept her rake along, it brought up Lemminkainen's body,
+but the hands and arms and head were still missing. Still she went on
+with her search, and at length all the pieces were gathered together.
+
+When she had laid them beside each other, in their proper positions, she
+began to pray to the goddess of the veins, Suonetar, and the maiden of
+the ether, to come and join the different parts together, and to sew up
+the wounds and make him whole. And then she prayed to the mighty Ukko to
+help them, and to heal every part that was wounded or bruised, to touch
+them with his magic touch, and restore Lemminkainen to life.
+
+And Ukko did so, and Lemminkainen lived once more, but he was still
+blind and deaf and dumb. But his mother considered deeply how she might
+restore these senses to him, and at length she called the little bee to
+her, and bade it go out and collect honey from the healing plants in
+the meadows. So the bee flew away and returned very soon laden with
+honey from all the healing plants, and she anointed her son with this,
+but it only gave him his sight, and still left him deaf and dumb.
+
+Again the mother sent off the bee, telling it to go across the seven
+oceans, and to alight on an enchanted isle in the eighth. There it would
+find magic honey to bring back. The bee did as it was told and found the
+magic honey-balm in tiny earthen vessels, and flew back with seven
+vessels in its arms and seven on each shoulder, all filled with the
+magic honey-balm. Lemminkainen's mother anointed him with this, and he
+could hear, but still remained speechless.
+
+Then the mother bade the bee fly up to the seventh heaven and to bring
+down from thence the honey of Ukko's wisdom, which was so abundant
+there. When the bee declared that it could not fly so high, she told it
+the way and sent it off. So the bee flew up and up, and at the end of
+the first day it rested on the moon. At the end of the second day it
+reached the shoulders of the Great Bear, and on the third day it flew
+over the Great Bear's head and reached the seventh heaven of Ukko. There
+it found three golden kettles, and in the first was a balm that gave
+ease to the heart, and the balm in the second gave happiness, but the
+balm of the third kettle gave life. So the bee took some of the
+life-giving balm and hastened back to earth.
+
+Then Lemminkainen's mother anointed him with this magic balm, speaking a
+magic spell as she rubbed him with it, and immediately he awoke, and his
+first words were: 'Truly I have been sleeping long, but yet my sleep was
+a sweet one, for I knew neither joy nor sorrow.'
+
+When his mother asked how he had gone thither and who it was that had
+harmed him, he told her all--how Louhi had sent him for the swan, and
+how old Nasshut, the blind Northland shepherd, had sent the serpent
+against him and killed him, for he did not know the charm to cure the
+sting of serpents. Then his mother upbraided him for his ignorance, and
+told him how the serpent was born from the marrow of the duck and the
+brain of swallows, mixed with Suojatar's saliva, and she told him too
+what the spell was to use against them. Thus his mother brought him back
+to life and health, and he was wiser and handsomer than ever, but still
+he was downhearted.
+
+His mother asked him the reason of this, and he replied that he was
+still thinking of Louhi's daughter and longing for her as his bride, but
+that first he must shoot the wild swan. But his mother answered: 'Do
+not think of the wild swan, nor yet of Louhi's daughters. Return with me
+to Kalevala to thy home, and thank and praise thy Maker, Ukko, that he
+hath saved thee, for I alone could never have saved thee from dismal
+Manala.'
+
+So Lemminkainen hastened home with his mother,--back again to his
+pleasant home in Kalevala.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Every one expressed satisfaction that Lemminkainen had been restored to
+life--'for, you see,' said Mimi, 'though he was really a bad man, he did
+so many wonderful things that you just can't help wishing for him not to
+be killed.'
+
+But now it had grown quite late, nearly nine o'clock, and so they all
+ate their supper and then Erik and Father Mikko sat smoking and talking
+while Mother Stina and the little ones went into the other room to
+bed,--for Erik had actually two rooms in his house,--and it isn't every
+Finnish country cabin that has that, you know. They talked of their
+country, for that was the dearest subject to both of them,--they were
+intelligent men for their class,--and when Father Mikko told how the
+Russian Tsar was taking their liberties away from them, and was
+beginning to break all his oaths and promises and would no doubt end up
+by making them as badly off as the people on the south side of the
+Finnish Gulf--when Father Mikko related all this, Erik's eyes flashed
+and he longed to be able to draw the sword to defend his beloved
+country's liberty.
+
+But at last they had gone over all these things and were sleepy
+themselves, so they made up their beds on some sheep-skin rugs on the
+floor, and soon fell into a sound sleep.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The next day it was still storming, and so Father Mikko gave up all idea
+of leaving that day. About three o'clock in the afternoon--it was dark
+as night then--they had all finished dinner and settled down around the
+fire as on the day before, and Father Mikko was easily persuaded to go
+on with his stories.
+
+Erik was at work on a pair of snow-shoes, just like those that
+Lemminkainen wore in the story of the hunt after the Hisi-deer. They
+were nearly finished--about six feet long and five inches wide in the
+broadest part, with a place in the middle to fasten them on to the feet,
+and the front ends were turned up. All that now remained to be done was
+to polish them off, and Erik worked at this while Father Mikko told his
+stories. The children had enough to do to watch 'Pappa' Mikko's face and
+listen to the wonderful tales, and Mother Stina was busy with some
+sewing--she couldn't spin because the noise of the wheel would have
+drowned Father Mikko's voice.
+
+'Now that we have brought Lemminkainen back from the Death-river,' the
+old man said, 'we will see what Wainamoinen was doing all this while.'
+So he began as follows:
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S BOAT-BUILDING
+
+
+Wainamoinen started to build a boat from the Rainbow-maiden's distaff,
+but he had soon used up all his timber, and the boat was far from
+finished. So he asked Sampsa (the planter of the first trees that grew
+on earth) to go and search out the needful timber in order to finish the
+boat.
+
+Sampsa started off with a golden axe upon his shoulder and a copper
+hatchet in his belt. He wandered through the mountain forests, and at
+length came upon a great aspen, and was just going to cut it down, when
+the aspen asked him what he wanted. 'I wish to take your timber for a
+vessel,' Sampsa replied, 'that the wise magician Wainamoinen is
+building.' Then the aspen answered: 'All the boats that have been made
+of my wood have been but failures; they float but a little way, and
+then sink to the ocean's bottom, for my trunk is full of hollow places,
+where the worms have eaten my wood.'
+
+So Sampsa left the aspen and searched still further, until he came to a
+pine-tree that was even taller than the aspen was. Sampsa struck a blow
+with his axe, and at the same time asked the pine-tree if it would
+furnish good timber for Wainamoinen's boat. But the pine-tree answered:
+'All the ships that have been made from me are useless. I am full of
+imperfections, for the ravens live among my branches and bring
+ill-luck.'
+
+And Sampsa was obliged to leave the pine-tree and go on until he came to
+a tremendous oak-tree, whose trunk was thicker than the height of even
+the tallest men. And he asked the oak-tree if it would furnish wood for
+Wainamoinen's boat. 'I will gladly furnish the wood,' replied the
+oak-tree, 'for I am tall and sound and strong. The warm sun shines upon
+me for three months in the summer, and the sacred cuckoo dwells in my
+branches and brings good fortune.' So Sampsa quickly felled the oak, and
+brought the timber, skilfully hewn, to Wainamoinen.
+
+The wise magician Wainamoinen then began to put his boat together by the
+aid of magic spells. The first magic song that he sang joined the
+framework together, and the second song fastened the planking into the
+ribs, and the third put the rowlocks in place and made the oars. But,
+alas! when all this was done, there were still three magic words needed
+to complete the stem and stern and bulwarks.
+
+Wainamoinen saw that all his labour was in vain unless he found the
+three magic words, for unless the stern and stem were fastened and the
+bulwarks built, the boat could never put to sea. He pondered long over
+where he might find the lost words, and after a while he concluded that
+they might be found in the brains of swallows and the heads of swans and
+the plumage of the sea-duck. But though he killed great numbers of these
+birds, he could not find the three lost words. Then he thought that he
+might find them on the tongues of reindeers or of the squirrels; but
+though he killed great numbers of them, and found many words on their
+tongues, the three lost words were not there.
+
+Then he said to himself: 'I will seek the lost words in the kingdom of
+Manala; there are countless words to be found there in the Deathland.'
+So off he went, travelling for three weeks over hill and dale, through
+marshes and thickets, until at length he came to the river of Tuoni.
+There he called out in a voice like thunder: 'Bring a boat, O daughter
+of Tuoni, and ferry me over this black and fatal river.'
+
+Tuoni's daughter, a wee little dwarf, but very wise and ancient, bade
+him first say why he wished to come into the Deathland while he was
+still alive. And first Wainamoinen answered that Tuoni himself, the
+death-god, had sent him. But the maid replied: 'Had Tuoni brought thee,
+he would now be with thee, and thou wouldst be wearing his cap and
+gloves.' So Wainamoinen answered again: 'I was slain by an iron weapon.'
+But the maid would not believe him, because he had no bleeding wound.
+Then he said the third time, that he had been washed there by the river.
+But still the maid would not believe him, for his clothing was not wet.
+And the fourth time he said that fire had burnt him. But the maid
+replied: 'If the fire had brought thee to Manala, thy hair and eyebrows
+and beard would be all singed and burnt. But now I ask thee for the last
+time what it is that hath brought thee, living, hither. Tell me the
+truth this time.'
+
+Then Wainamoinen told her that he had been building a boat by magic, but
+that he yet lacked one spell, and had come thither to seek it. When he
+had said this, Tuoni's daughter came across and rowed him to the
+opposite side, having first tried to dissuade him from coming. But
+Wainamoinen was not afraid; and when he had landed he walked straight
+up to the abode of Tuoni.
+
+There Tuonetar, Tuoni's wife, gave him a golden goblet filled with beer,
+saying: 'Drink Tuoni's beer, O wise and ancient Wainamoinen!' But he
+carefully inspected the liquor before he tasted it, and saw that it was
+black and full of the spawn of frogs and poisonous serpent-broods; and
+he said to Tuonetar: 'I have not come hither to drink Tuoni's poisons,
+for they that do so will surely be destroyed.'
+
+Tuonetar then asked him why he had come, and he told her of his
+boat-building, and how he still needed the three magic words, and that
+he hoped to find them there. 'Tuoni will never reveal them,' Tuonetar
+said; 'nor shalt thou ever leave these gates alive;' and as she spoke
+she waved the slumber-wand over Wainamoinen's head, and he sank into a
+deep sleep. And to make sure of his not escaping, Tuoni's son, a hideous
+wizard with only three fingers, wove nets of iron and of copper, and set
+them all through the river, to catch Wainamoinen if by any chance he
+should get so far.
+
+But Wainamoinen soon freed himself from Tuonetar's slumber-spell, and
+knowing in how great danger he was, he instantly transformed himself
+into a serpent, and wriggled his way to the river, and through the nets
+that had been set to catch him, until at length he came out safe into
+the land of the living again; and the next morning, when Tuoni's wizard
+son went to look at his nets, he found all kinds of evil fish and
+serpents, but not the wise old magician.
+
+But Wainamoinen prayed to Ukko: 'I thank thee, O Ukko, that thou hast
+protected me; but never suffer any other of thy heroes, not even the
+wisest, to go against the laws of nature to the awful Tuonela. For there
+are but few who return from thence.'
+
+And then Wainamoinen called together the people on the plains of
+Kalevala, and spoke to the young men and maidens, saying: 'Listen, all
+ye young people. Never disobey your parents; never harm the innocent,
+nor wrong the weak, nor utter falsehood, else ye will pay the penance
+for it in the gloomy prison of Manala; for there is the dwelling-place
+of the wicked, and a place for the guilty. Beneath the burning rocks
+there are fiery couches, with pillows of hissing serpents, and coverlets
+of green writhing vipers. And the wicked there drink the blood of
+adders, but have nothing to eat at all. If ye would be happy, shun this
+abode of the wicked ones in Tuonela.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'But I thought Wainamoinen wasn't to use any wood for his boat except
+the pieces of the distaff,' said Mimi.
+
+'Well, you see,' said Father Mikko, 'the main thing was to build the
+boat by _magic_, and we'll see now how he did that. I don't believe a
+little extra wood made any difference.' So he went on:
+
+[Illustration: A LAPLAND WIZARD.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN FINDS THE LOST WORDS
+
+
+Wainamoinen had failed to find the three magic words in the Deathland,
+and now he sat and pondered whither he should go next to seek them.
+While he was thinking over this, a shepherd came to him and said: 'Thou
+canst find a thousand words of wisdom on the tongue of the dead hero
+Wipunen. I know the road that leads to his grave: first, thou must
+journey a long distance over the points of needles, and then a long way
+upon the edges of sharp swords, and then a third road on the edges of
+hatchets.'
+
+Then Wainamoinen considered how he should be able to walk over the
+needles and swords and hatchets, and at last hit on a plan. He went to
+the smith Ilmarinen and bade him make shoes of iron, and gloves of
+copper, and a magic staff of the sent by mighty Ukko, for if so I will
+be resigned, but if thou art of some human race, I will search out thy
+tribe and destroy it. Leave my body, cease thy forging, let me rest in
+peace and slumber. Or if thou wilt not leave me, I will call on all the
+great magicians of the past, the spirits of the mountains and woods and
+seas and rivers, on Ilmatar, daughter of the ether, to assist me. Or if
+these be not sufficient, I will call on mighty Ukko to drive thee forth.
+If thou art from the winds, then return to the copper mountains where
+they live; if from the sea, return to it; if from the forests, then
+return to them, or I will drive thee to the bottom of the coal-black
+river of Tuoni, whence thou shalt never move again.'
+
+'I am well contented here,' said Wainamoinen, 'in these roomy caverns. I
+can eat thy heart and flesh and for drink I will take thy blood. And I
+will set my forge still deeper in thy vitals, and will swing my hammer
+still harder on thy heart and lungs and liver. I shall never leave thee
+until I learn all thy wisdom, and the three lost words, that all thy
+magic knowledge may not perish with thee from the earth.'
+
+Then Wipunen began to sing all his knowledge and his magic spells for
+Wainamoinen. He sang the origin of witchcraft, the source of good and
+evil and how by the will of Ukko the water was first divided from the
+ether. And next he sang of how the moon and sun were made, and whence
+the colours of the rainbow came, and how the stars were sprinkled in the
+sky. Three whole days and nights he sang, until the stars and the moon
+stood still to listen, and the very waves of the sea and the tides
+ceased to rise and fall, and the rivers stopped in their courses.
+
+At length Wainamoinen had learned all the wisdom of the great magician,
+and the three lost words, and he made ready to leave Wipunen's body,
+bidding him open wide his mouth that he might get out and leave him for
+ever.
+
+'I have eaten many things, O Wainamoinen,' said Wipunen, 'bears and
+reindeer, wolves and oxen, but never such a thing as thou. Now thou hast
+found the wisdom that thou seekest, go in peace and never come back to
+me.'
+
+Then he opened his mouth wide, and Wainamoinen glided forth and hastened
+swiftly as the deer to Kalevala. First he went into the smithy, and
+Ilmarinen asked him if he had learned the lost words that would enable
+him to finish his vessel. 'I have learned a thousand magic words,'
+answered Wainamoinen, 'and among them are the lost words that I sought.'
+
+Thereupon he hastened off to where his vessel lay, and with the three
+lost words he joined the stem and stern and raised the bulwarks. Thus he
+had built the vessel with magic alone, and by magic art he launched it
+too, not touching it with foot or knee or hand, using only magic to push
+it. Thus was the task completed which should gain for him the
+Rainbow-maiden in her beauty.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Oh! _do_ hurry and tell us about that,' said Mimi, and Father Mikko
+continued.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RIVAL SUITORS
+
+
+Now the Rainbow-maiden was really the same as old Louhi's fairest
+daughter, whom Wainamoinen had wooed, and for whom Ilmarinen had made
+the magic Sampo, and Wainamoinen had learned this. So when the magic
+boat was finished, he made ready for a journey to the Northland, to try
+once more to win the fair Pohjola maiden for his bride.
+
+He ornamented the magic vessel with gold and silver, and painted it
+scarlet, and on the masts he set sails of linen, red, white, and blue.
+Then he stepped on board, and called on Ukko to protect and help him,
+and on the winds to aid him on his way, and off the magic boat flew
+towards Pohjola, never needing an oar to help it.
+
+Annikki, Ilmarinen's sister, was down by the seashore just at dawn that
+morning, and as she gazed out over the sea, she saw a blue speck in the
+distance. At first she thought it was a flock of birds, and then as it
+drew nearer it looked like a great tree floating on the water, but at
+last she saw that it was a vessel with but one man in it, and when it
+came still nearer she recognised Wainamoinen.
+
+She called out to him and asked him whither he was going. He replied
+that he was come a-fishing, but Annikki said: 'Thy boat is not rigged
+like a fisher-boat, nor hast thou lines or nets with thee. Tell me the
+truth, O Wainamoinen!' And he answered the second time, that he had come
+to kill wild geese and ducks. But Annikki told him that she knew that
+was untrue, for he had no hunting dogs in the vessel with him, nor any
+weapons. Then he told her that he was sailing to the wars. Annikki
+replied: 'My father often used to sail to war, but in a ship with many
+rowers, and with many armed heroes on board, but thy vessel is surely
+not fitted for battle. Now tell me the truth, O wise Wainamoinen, or
+else I will send a storm-wind after thee and break thy ship in pieces.'
+
+Then he told her the truth, that he was going to woo the Rainbow-maiden,
+Louhi's daughter, and then Annikki knew that he spoke the truth. She
+hurried off to her brother's smithy and said to him: 'Dearest brother,
+if thou wilt forge for me a silver loom and gold and silver finger-rings
+and earrings, golden girdles and golden ornaments for my hair, I will
+tell thee something that is very important for thee to know.'
+
+So Ilmarinen promised, and his sister said: 'O Ilmarinen, if thou hopest
+ever to wed the fair maid of Pohjola, thou must hasten and make thy
+sledge ready, for Wainamoinen is now sailing thither in a magic boat to
+win her before thee.' Then Ilmarinen bade his sister prepare a magic
+soap and make a bath ready for him while he was forging the gold and
+silver ornaments that she had bargained for.
+
+When Ilmarinen had finished his work he found the bath and the magic
+soap all ready for him, and he began to wash off the grime and dirt and
+soot of the smithy. When he was through, and came out of the bath, he
+had grown wonderfully bright and handsome, for the magic soap had made
+his cheeks rosy and his eyes bright as moonlight. Then he put on his
+finest garments, soft linen, and silken stockings, a blue vest and
+scarlet trousers, and a fur coat of sealskin, held by buttons made of
+jewels, and a belt with golden buckles. After he was dressed he ordered
+his magic sledge to be harnessed, and on the front placed six cuckoos
+and seven blue-birds that they might sing and charm the Northland
+maiden.
+
+When all was ready Ilmarinen prayed to great Ukko to send snow that it
+might cover all the country and let his sledge glide easily to Pohjola.
+And the snow came, and Ilmarinen wrapped himself up warmly in bear-skins,
+and drove off like the wind, first invoking Ukko's blessing on his
+journey. On he went, over hill and dale, with the cuckoos and blue-birds
+singing on the sledge, and then he drove along the seashore to the north
+in a cloud of snow and sand and mist and sea-foam, looking out for
+Wainamoinen's vessel. On the evening of the third day he caught up with
+Wainamoinen, and called out to him: 'O ancient Wainamoinen, let us woo
+the maiden peacefully, and let her choose which one of us she will.' To
+this Wainamoinen agreed; and having promised not to use deceit of any
+sort against one another, they hurried on their way,--Wainamoinen
+calling up the south wind to help him, and Ilmarinen's steed shaking the
+hills of Northland as he galloped on.
+
+Soon they drew near to Louhi's dwelling, and the watchdogs began to bark
+more loudly than they had ever done before. Louhi's husband told his
+daughter to go and see what the trouble was, but she replied that she
+was busy grinding barley, and could not go. Then he told his wife to go,
+but she was too busy cooking dinner. So the father grew angry, and
+said: 'Women are always busy either baking or sleeping; go, my son, and
+learn what all the trouble is.' But the son refused, because he was busy
+splitting wood.
+
+So at last Louhi's husband was obliged to go himself, for the dogs kept
+barking louder and louder. There, as soon as he had reached the gate, he
+saw a scarlet-coloured ship sailing into the bay, and a sledge driving
+up along the shore at full speed. Then he hastened back into the house,
+and told them all that he had seen. And Louhi took a branch and gave it
+to her daughter, saying: 'Place this on the fire, my daughter, and if in
+burning it drips blood, then these strangers bring war and bloodshed;
+but if clear water, then they come in peace.'
+
+So the maiden put the branch on the fire, and as they watched it they
+saw honey trickling out, and from this Louhi knew that the two men were
+coming as suitors. Then they hastened out into the courtyard, and saw
+the vessel in the harbour, painted scarlet, and an ancient white-bearded
+magician at the helm; and on the land they saw a brightly-coloured
+sledge, with cuckoos and bluebirds singing on the front, and driven by a
+young and handsome hero.
+
+Louhi immediately recognised them both, and said to her daughter: 'Wilt
+thou have one of these suitors, dearest daughter? He that comes in the
+ship is good old Wainamoinen, bringing countless treasures for thee from
+Kalevala. The other in the sledge, with the singing birds, is the
+blacksmith Ilmarinen, who brings no presents save himself. When they
+come into the house bring a pitcher of honey-drink, and give it to the
+one that thou wilt follow. Give it to old Wainamoinen, for he brings
+thee countless treasures.'
+
+But the daughter replied: 'I will never marry a man for riches, but for
+his real worth. Mothers did not use to sell their daughters thus in the
+olden times to suitors whom they did not love. I shall choose Ilmarinen
+for his true worth and wisdom.'
+
+Old Louhi grew angry at this, and tried to change her daughter's mind,
+but all she could say did not move her; and just then Wainamoinen came
+to the house, and addressed the maiden thus: 'Come with me, O lovely
+maiden, be my bride and honoured wife, and share my joys and sorrows
+with me.'
+
+The maiden answered: 'Hast thou built the magic vessel, using neither
+hand nor foot to touch it?'
+
+'I have built it, and brought it hither,' answered Wainamoinen. 'It is
+finely made by magic, and will live in the worst of storms; nothing can
+ever sink it.'
+
+But then the maiden said to him: 'I will not wed a husband born in the
+sea. Storms would bring us trouble, and the winds rack our hearts. I
+cannot go with thee, cannot marry thee, O Wainamoinen.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S WOOING
+
+
+Just as Wainamoinen had received his answer, Ilmarinen came hurrying
+into the house and into the guest-room. There servants brought him
+honey-drink in silver pitchers, but he said: 'I will never taste the
+drink of Northland till I see the Rainbow-maiden. With her I will gladly
+drink, for I have come hither to seek her hand.' Then Louhi said to him:
+'The maiden is not ready to receive thee, and thou may not woo her
+before thou hast ploughed the field of hissing serpents. Once the evil
+spirit Lempo ploughed it, but it has never been done since.'
+
+Ilmarinen wandered off sadly, but while he was pondering over what he
+should do, he saw the lovely maid herself. He went up to her and said:
+'Long ago I forged the Sampo for thee, and then thou promised to become
+my wife. But now thy mother demands that I first plough the field of
+serpents before I win thee.' But the maiden comforted him, and told him
+how to plough the field with a plough of gold and silver and copper.
+
+So Ilmarinen went off and built a smithy, and placed in the furnace gold
+and silver and copper and iron. And from these he forged a plough, with
+ploughshare of gold and beam of silver and copper handles; and for
+himself he made boots and gloves and armour of iron; and as he worked he
+sang magic spells to give his work power to overcome the serpents. Then
+he harnessed to the plough the fire-breathing Hisi-horse, and went into
+the field. There were serpents of every sort, creeping and crawling over
+one another, and hissing horribly, but Ilmarinen cast a spell over them,
+and ploughed the field, so that all the snakes were buried in the
+furrows. And then he went to Louhi, and claimed her daughter's hand.
+
+But Louhi refused to let him have her daughter until he should catch the
+great bear of Manala, and bring him to her. So he went off to the maid
+again, and told her what old Louhi had demanded of him. The lovely
+maiden instructed him how to prepare a muzzle for the bear, forging it
+of steel on a rock beneath the water, at a spot where three currents
+met together, and the straps were to be of steel and copper mixed. And
+Ilmarinen made a muzzle as she had directed, and set off for Manala, the
+dismal Deathland. As he went he prayed to the goddess of the mists to
+send a fog where the great bear of Manala was, so that he might not see
+Ilmarinen as he approached. And the goddess sent the fog, and Ilmarinen
+was able to creep up to the bear and throw the magic muzzle over his
+head, and then to lead him to Louhi without any trouble.
+
+When he had brought the bear to her, he asked her again for her lovely
+daughter's hand. But Louhi said to him: 'Thou must perform one more task
+still, and then, when that is done, thou shalt have my dear daughter.
+Catch for me the monster-pike that lives in the river of Tuoni, but thou
+may not use hook, nor line, nor nets, nor boat. Hundreds have been sent
+to catch it, but all have died in Tuoni's dark waters.'
+
+And now Ilmarinen was deeply discouraged, and went off to tell the
+maiden of this third task, which he thought it was impossible to do. But
+she told him to forge an eagle in his magic furnace, and that the eagle
+would catch the monster-pike for him. So Ilmarinen went to work and
+forged an eagle in his smithy: talons of iron, beak of steel and copper.
+And when the eagle was entirely made from iron and copper, he mounted
+on its back and bade it fly away to the river of Tuoni, there to catch
+the monster-pike. When they had reached the bank, Ilmarinen dismounted
+and began to search for the pike, while the eagle hovered over the
+water. While Ilmarinen was searching, a huge monster rose from the
+depths and tried to seize him, but the eagle swooped down, and with one
+bite of his mighty beak, wrenched off the monster's head. Still
+Ilmarinen continued his search, until at last the monster-pike itself
+rose up to seize him. But as it came to the surface, the giant-eagle
+swooped down upon it, and buried its talons in the pike's flesh. Then
+the fish, maddened with the pain, rushed down to the deepest caverns,
+dragging the eagle with it until the bird had to loose its hold and soar
+aloft again. A second time the eagle swooped down and struck deep into
+the pike's shoulders; but the pike dived to the bottom again and
+escaped. At last the eagle made a third descent, and this time grasped
+the pike firmly with his beak of steel, and planted his talons firmly on
+the rocks, and this time he succeeded in dragging the pike from out the
+river.
+
+Then the eagle flew off with the pike to the top of a tall pine-tree,
+and there ate the body of his victim, leaving the head for Ilmarinen.
+But the eagle himself soared up into the air, up beyond the clouds, and
+at length disappeared behind the sun.
+
+Ilmarinen returned to Louhi with the pike's head and again claimed her
+daughter in marriage. Louhi answered him: 'Thou hast performed this last
+task but badly, since thou only brought me the worthless head. But
+still, since thou hast completed the other tasks also, I will give thee
+my fair daughter. Thou hast won the Maid of Beauty, to be the help and
+joy of all thy future life.'
+
+But while Ilmarinen was rejoicing in his good fortune, the aged
+Wainamoinen wandered sorrowfully homewards, bewailing his sad lot, thus
+to be compelled to live without a wife to cheer his home. 'Woe is me,'
+he sang, 'that I did not woo and marry in my youth, for the old men
+cannot hope to conquer the young ones when they go a-wooing.'
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When this story was ended, Father Mikko stopped a while to rest, and the
+others discussed the stories that he had just told. All were pleased
+that the Rainbow-maiden had chosen Ilmarinen instead of the aged
+Wainamoinen, and little Antero asked 'Pappa' Mikko what they had had to
+eat at the wedding--he was rather more deeply interested in things to
+eat than anything else--so Father Mikko continued, after he had rested a
+while.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE BREWING OF BEER
+
+
+Great preparations were now made in Louhi's home for her daughter's
+wedding with Ilmarinen. In distant Karjala, a part of Kalevala, was a
+great ox, the largest in the world. It took a weasel seven days to
+travel round his neck and shoulders; the swallow had to fly a whole day
+without resting, to get from one horn-tip to the other; the squirrel
+travelled thirty days, starting from the tail, before he reached the
+shoulders. This great ox was led by a thousand heroes to Pohjola, to
+Louhi's house, but when he had come thither, no one could be found to
+kill him.
+
+Then there came an aged hero from Karjala, and went up to the ox to kill
+him with his war-club. But the ox turned and gave him one fierce glance,
+and the old warrior dropped his club and ran away and hid in the
+forest. Then they sent forth far and near to find some one to kill the
+ox, but no one came. At last there arose from the sea a tiny dwarf, who,
+when he stepped on land, grew suddenly into a giant, with hands of iron,
+a copper-coloured face, a hat of flint upon his head, and sandstone
+shoes upon his feet. As soon as this sea-spirit saw the ox, he rushed at
+it and killed it with one blow of his golden sword. Thus was the meat
+provided for the feast.
+
+The banquet-hall was so large that when a dog barked at one door no one
+could hear him at the opposite side, and when a cock crowed on the roof
+no one on the ground could hear him. Louhi went in thither, to see that
+all was being put in readiness, but while she was there she said aloud
+as if to herself: 'Whence will I get the liquor for my guests, for I
+know nothing of the secret of beer-brewing?'
+
+An old man was sitting beside the fire, and he answered her: 'Beer comes
+from barley, hops, and water. The seed of the hops were scattered
+loosely over the earth, and from them arose the graceful hop-vine,
+climbing over everything. The barley was planted in the land of
+Kalevala, and it grew and flourished there.
+
+'Then the hops, clinging to the trees, began to hum, and the barley and
+the water in the wells to sing, saying: "Let us join our forces
+together, that we may live united, for that is far better than to be
+separated as we now are." So the ancient maiden Osmotar took six golden
+grains of barley, seven hops, and seven cups of water, and set them in a
+caldron on the fire. There she let them steep and boil during the warm
+summer days, and at length poured off the liquor into tubs made of
+birch-wood. Now she pondered long how she should make the liquor ferment
+and cause it to foam and sparkle.
+
+'Then Osmotar called one of the Kalevala maidens and bade her step into
+the birchen tub. The maiden did so, and on looking around she saw a
+splinter of wood lying on the bottom. She picked it up, thinking it was
+worthless, but nevertheless she took it to Osmotar. Osmotar rubbed her
+hands upon her knees and turned the bit of wood into a white squirrel.
+As soon as she had made the squirrel, she sent it off to Tapio's
+kingdom, to the great forest, and commanded it to bring her cones from
+the magic fir-trees and young shoots from the magic pines. And the
+squirrel hurried off and travelled through the forest until it came to
+Tapio's home. There it found three magic pine-trees growing, and three
+fir-trees beside them, and having taken the young shoots and the cones
+and stowed them in its pouch, it came back again to Osmotar. But when
+she put the cones and pine-shoots into the beer, it still refused to
+ferment.
+
+'So Osmotar made the Kalevala maiden get into the birchen tub once more,
+and this time the maiden found a chip upon the bottom. When she took it
+to Osmotar, the latter rubbed her hands upon her knees again, and turned
+the chip into a magic golden-breasted marten. Then she sent the marten
+off to the dens of the mountain bears, to gather the foam from their
+angry lips as they fought with one another. The marten flew away, and
+soon returned with the foam that it had gathered from the mouths of the
+raging bears. But when Osmotar added it to the liquor there was no
+effect, and the beer remained as still as ever.
+
+'For a third time, then, the maid of Kalevala stepped into the tub, and
+this time found a pod on the bottom. Osmotar took the pod and rubbed it
+between her hands and knees, and there flew out of it a honeybee. She
+sent the bee off to the Islands of the Sea, telling it to go to a meadow
+there, where a maiden lay asleep, and growing by the maiden's side there
+were honey-grasses and fragrant flowers. From these the bee was to
+collect the honey and bring it back. The bee flew off straight over the
+ocean, and on the evening of the third day reached the Isles of the
+Sea, where it found the maiden fast asleep amongst the flowers, clad in
+a silver robe, with a girdle of copper. By her grew the loveliest and
+sweetest of flowers and grasses, and the bee loaded itself down with
+their honey and returned to Osmotar with it. This time, when the honey
+was placed in the beer it began to ferment and rise and bubble and foam
+until it filled all the tubs and ran over on the sands.
+
+'When the beer was ready, all the heroes of Kalevala came to drink it,
+and Lemminkainen drank so much that he became intoxicated. But Osmotar,
+now that she had made the beer, did not know how to keep it, for it was
+still running out of the tubs and over everything. While she was sitting
+and grieving over this, the robin sang to her from an aspen, and told
+her to put it into strong oaken barrels bound with copper hoops, and
+thus the last difficulty was overcome.
+
+'Thus was beer first brewed from hops and barley,' continued the old
+man, 'and the beer of Kalevala is famed to strengthen the feeble, to
+cheer the sad, to make the old young, and the timid brave. It makes the
+heart joyful and puts wise sayings on the tongue, but the fool it makes
+still more foolish.'
+
+Thus the old man ended his account of the origin of beer, and Louhi,
+who had listened to him carefully, took all the tubs she had and put
+hops and barley in them, and water on top, and then lit huge fires to
+heat stones, that she might drop them in the mixture and make it boil.
+She made such a great quantity of beer that the springs were emptied and
+the forests grew small, and such a vast column of smoke went up as
+filled half of Pohjola and was seen even in distant Karjala and
+Lemminkainen's home. And all the people there thought it arose from some
+mighty battle between great heroes. But Lemminkainen pondered over it,
+and at last he found out that it was the fires for Louhi's beer-making
+for the wedding feast, and he grew bitterly angry, for Louhi had refused
+_him_ her daughter's hand, and now had given her to Ilmarinen.
+
+But now the beer was ready and was stored away in casks hooped with
+copper, and thousands of delicate dishes were made ready for the feast.
+But when all was nearly ready the beer began to grow impatient in its
+casks, and cried out for the guests to come that songs might be sung in
+its honour. So Louhi sent first for a pike and a salmon to sing its
+praises, but they could not do it. Next she sent for a boy, but the boy
+was too ignorant to sing the praises of the beer, and all this time the
+beer was calling out more and more loudly from its prison. Then Louhi
+determined to invite the guests at once, lest the beer should break
+forth from the casks.
+
+So she called one of her servants and said to her: 'Go, my trusted
+servant, and call together all the Pohjola people to the banquet. Go out
+into the highways too, and bring in all the poor and blind and cripples,
+the old and the young, that they may be merry at my daughter's wedding.
+And ask all the people of Karjala and the ancient Wainamoinen, but be
+sure thou dost not invite wild Lemminkainen.' At this the servant asked
+why she was not to ask Lemminkainen, and Louhi answered: 'Lemminkainen
+must not come, for he loves war and strife, and would bring disturbance
+and sorrow to our feast, and scoff at our maidens.'
+
+And the servant, having learned from Louhi how she should recognise
+Lemminkainen, set off and invited rich and poor, old and young, the
+deaf, the blind, and the cripples in all Pohjola and Karjala, but did
+not ask Lemminkainen.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S WEDDING FEAST
+
+
+At length the guests began to arrive, and Ilmarinen came escorted by
+hundreds of his friends, driving a coal-black steed, and with the same
+birds singing on his sledge as when he came to woo the Rainbow-maiden,
+Louhi's fairest daughter. When he alighted from his sledge, Louhi sent
+her best servants to take the steed and give him the very best of food
+in a manger of pure gold. But as Ilmarinen advanced to enter the house,
+they found that he was too tall to pass through the doorway without
+stooping, which would have been very unlucky: so Louhi had to have the
+top beam taken away before he could enter.
+
+Inside the dwelling was so changed that no one would have recognised it.
+Louhi had cast a magic spell over it, and all the beams and door and
+window-sills were made from bones that gleamed like ivory; the
+windows were adorned with trout-scales, and the fires were set in
+flowers; and the seats and tables and floors were of gold and silver and
+copper, with marble hearth-stones and silken carpets on the floors.
+Louhi bade Ilmarinen welcome when he came into the guest-hall, and
+calling up her servant-maidens, she gazed at her daughter's suitor. The
+maidens bore wax tapers, and by their light the bridegroom looked
+handsomer than ever, and his eyes sparkled like the waves of the sea.
+
+[Illustration: LAPP WOMAN IN HOLIDAY COSTUME.]
+
+Then Louhi bade the maidens lead Ilmarinen to the seat of honour at the
+table in the great hall, and then all the other guests took their
+places, and the feast began. First of all the daintiest dishes of every
+sort were served by Louhi to the bridegroom--honey-biscuits,
+river-salmon, butter, bacon, and every delicacy one can think of--and
+after he was served, the servants took the dishes around to the others.
+After this the foaming beer was brought in silver pitchers, and all were
+served in the same order.
+
+All the heroes and magicians assembled there began to grow merry, and
+Wainamoinen said that some one should sing the praises of the beer. But
+no one else could be found to do it, and all pressed Wainamoinen to
+sing, so at last he arose and began. He sang of the beer first, and
+then from his great stock of wisdom he sang them one song after the
+other of the days of old, until every guest grew happy from his magic
+power of song. But when Wainamoinen had finished his singing, he added:
+'Yet I am but a poor singer. For if great Ukko should sing his perfect
+songs of wisdom, he would sing the oceans into honey and the sands to
+berries, and the pebbles into barley, the rivers into beer, the fruit to
+gold, and the mountains into bread. Grant thy blessing, great Ukko, upon
+this feast of ours. Send joy and health and comfort to all those here,
+that we may ever look back with pleasure to Ilmarinen's marriage with
+the fair Maiden of the Rainbow.'
+
+Thus Wainamoinen, the great singer, ended his singing, and the time had
+come for the bride and bridegroom to leave for their distant home in
+Kalevala. But first must Osmotar, the wise maiden, instruct the bride as
+to her future life. Osmotar told her that she must henceforth be
+thoughtful and not foolish, that she must love her husband's kinsfolks
+as her own. Osmotar told her, too, never to be idle, and then instructed
+her in all the many household duties of the wives of Kalevala, but at
+the same time impressed it upon her how wicked she would be if with all
+this she were to forget her own parents. After this Osmotar turned to
+the bridegroom and bade him ever love his bride and honour her, nor ever
+treat her ill.
+
+Thus she advised them both, and they made ready to leave. But the Maiden
+of the Rainbow wept, because she was leaving all the joys and pleasures
+of her youth, and those she loved, to go to a distant land, where all
+would be new and strange, and perhaps, too, hard for her. Yet at length
+all the farewells had been said, the last goodbye was spoken, and the
+two got into their sledge and the next instant the swift black steed
+flew off like an arrow, rushing on toward the land of Kalevala, leaving
+far behind them the gloomy Northland, which was yet so dear to the
+Rainbow-maiden, and which she was never to see again.
+
+Three days they journeyed onward over hill and valley without stopping,
+and the third evening brought them in sight of Ilmarinen's smithy, and
+they could see the smoke rising from the chimneys of their home. There
+they found that they had been expected for a long time, and there was
+great rejoicing when their sledge drove up, with the birds singing
+merrily on its front, and all bright and happy.
+
+Lakko, Ilmarinen's mother, received them at the door and welcomed the
+fair Rainbow-maiden most heartily, and when the bridal pair had taken
+off their furs, she served them with the very best of food and
+drink--choicest bits of reindeer, wheaten biscuit, honey-cakes, and fish
+of all sorts, and the best of beer. And while they ate, the others, who
+had been old Louhi's guests, began to arrive, and soon there was a great
+feast going on, almost as great a one as there had been before at
+Louhi's.
+
+While they were all feasting, Wainamoinen arose and began to sing again.
+This time he sang the praises of the bridegroom's father and mother, and
+the bride and groom, and ended up with praising the guests that were
+assembled there. Then he and many of the guests took their leave and
+journeyed off together to their homes. Three days they drove on
+together, and Wainamoinen kept on singing all the time, until suddenly
+his song was cut short, for his sledge ran into a birch-tree and was
+broken into pieces. But Wainamoinen considered the case and then said:
+'Is there any one here who will go to Tuonela, to the Deathland, for the
+auger of Tuoni, that I may mend my sledge with it?' But no one would
+venture on so perilous a journey, so at length Wainamoinen went himself
+and obtained Tuoni's magic auger, and with its aid, on his return, he
+put together his magic sledge again.
+
+Then he harnessed up his steed once more and galloped off to his home.
+Thus ended Ilmarinen's wedding and the feasts that followed it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These two stories took Antero's fancy, and he begged that 'Pappa Mikko
+would tell about some more times when they had good things to eat.'
+
+But Father Mikko said: 'People can't be eating all the time, Antero, and
+I think the others would rather hear about what Lemminkainen did, when
+he heard of the feast and was not invited himself.'
+
+Mimi cried 'Yes, yes!' and so the old man began.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE ORIGIN OF THE SERPENT
+
+
+As Lemminkainen was ploughing his fields one day, he heard the noise of
+sledges as if a vast number of people were on their way past. At once he
+guessed the reason, for they were the guests going to Ilmarinen's
+wedding, while he alone had not been invited. Then his face turned pale
+with anger, and he left his ploughing and hastened off to his house.
+When he arrived there, he asked his mother to give him a hearty meal,
+and after that he went to the bath-house and after the bath put on his
+finest garments, as if going to a feast.
+
+His mother asked him where he was going and he told her that he was
+bound for the great feast that Louhi had prepared. But his mother tried
+to keep him from going, telling him that they did not want him there, or
+else they would have invited him, but he answered: 'This sword with its
+sharp edges constantly reminds me that I am needed in distant Pohjola.'
+His mother spoke again, saying: 'Do not go, my dear son, for Death will
+meet thee thrice upon the way.' Lemminkainen replied that he did not
+fear Death, but would overcome him, but at the same time asked his
+mother what the first danger would be.
+
+'When thou hast travelled for one day,' she replied, 'thou wilt come to
+a stream of fire, with a fiery cataract, and in the fire-fall a rock,
+and on the rock a fiery hill, and on its top an eagle made of flames,
+who devours all that approach him.'
+
+Lemminkainen answered that he would easily pass this danger, and asked
+to know the second. His mother told him: 'When thou hast travelled two
+days, thou wilt come to a fiery pit filled with red-hot stones, and no
+one has ever been able to pass over it.'
+
+But Lemminkainen thought but little of this second danger, and asked his
+mother to tell him what the third one was. She replied: 'When thou hast
+gone one day farther, and hast come to Pohjola, the wolf and the black
+bear will attack thee, and many hundred men have perished in their
+jaws.' But he told her how easily he would overcome them and then have
+conquered all the dangers of the journey. Then his mother added: 'There
+are three things still to conquer. When thou reachest Louhi's dwelling,
+thou wilt find walls built of iron rising up to the sky, and surrounded
+by railings of spears on which are serpents and all manner of venomous
+creatures twisting and creeping about; and right before the gateway lies
+the largest of them all, longer than the rafters of a house. And beyond
+all this, thou wilt find great hosts of armed warriors, who have grown
+angry over their beer and they will certainly kill you. And if thou
+shouldst come into the courtyard, thou wilt find it full of sharp
+stakes, to hold the heads of those that go thither unbidden. Do not
+forget how thou once fared in Pohjola, that had I not saved thee thou
+wouldst now be at the bottom of Tuoni's river.'
+
+Yet after she had warned him of all this, Lemminkainen would not be
+persuaded to remain at home, but put on his magic armour of copper and
+took his father's sword, and his own strongest bow. Then he had his
+steed hitched to a sledge and went out into the courtyard to drive off.
+There his mother bade him farewell and gave him some last words of
+advice, telling him that if he should come to the feast, to drink but
+half of his goblet of beer, for there were serpents in the other half,
+and to behave modestly and not to try to take the best of everything for
+himself.
+
+When she had ended, Lemminkainen jumped upon his sledge, cracked his
+whip, and drove off like the wind. He had not gone far before a flock of
+wild birds flew across his road and dropped a few feathers on the
+ground. Lemminkainen stopped and picking them up put them carefully in
+his leather pouch, 'for,' he thought, 'no one knows what may happen.' As
+soon as he had picked up the feathers he was off again, but he had not
+gone far when his steed stopped in terror, for there, right in front of
+them, was a broad river of fire, and a fire-fall with a rock in the
+middle, and on the rock a fiery hill, and on the hill a flaming eagle.
+
+The Eagle asked him whither he was going, and Lemminkainen replied that
+he was hurrying to Louhi's feast and begged the Eagle to let him pass.
+'Truly thou shalt pass,' the Eagle answered, 'but only through the
+flames and down my throat.' But Lemminkainen was not dismayed. He took
+out the feathers from his pouch and rubbed them between his fingers, and
+presently there arose a whole flock of birds and flew straight down the
+eagle's mouth so that its hunger was satisfied, then Lemminkainen was
+able to pass over the river by the help of his magic, and to drive on
+his way.
+
+He drove for another day and then his horse suddenly stopped again in
+terror, for there was a huge pit full of fire right in front, which
+stretched as far as one could see to east and west. Yet Lemminkainen was
+not discouraged, but prayed to great Ukko, that he would send a great
+storm from all the four points of the compass, and fill the pit with
+snow. And the snow came and as it fell into the seething pit of fire it
+melted and formed a lake; and Lemminkainen quickly cast a spell upon
+this lake so that a solid bridge of ice was formed over it, and he drove
+over in perfect safety.
+
+Thus the second danger was passed and he drove on more swiftly than
+ever. After another day's journey, when he had come near to Louhi's
+abode, his horse stopped again, trembling with fear. This time there
+were a fierce wolf and a great black bear in the road. But Lemminkainen
+put his hand into his leathern pouch and pulled out a tuft of wool. This
+he rubbed between his hands and breathed on it, and it changed into a
+whole flock of sheep, on which the bear and the wolf jumped and left
+Lemminkainen to pursue his journey in peace.
+
+In a very short time he had reached Louhi's house. But there he found
+the great wall of iron and the fence of spears and the horrible snakes
+and lizards that his mother had told him of. Yet he pulled out his magic
+broad sword and cut an opening through the wall and the fence of spears
+and the mass of serpents, and passed through to the gateway. There he
+found a huge serpent with a hundred eyes, each as large as bowls, and a
+thousand tongues long as javelins, and teeth like hatchets. Lemminkainen
+sang one spell, but it was not powerful enough, and the huge monster
+started to rush at him and seize him in its awful mouth. But
+Lemminkainen just in time began to sing a stronger spell.
+
+For evil things cannot bear to have their wicked origin told, and if
+therefore one sings the source of any evil, one makes it harmless at
+once, so Lemminkainen sang: 'If thou wilt not give room for me to pass,
+I will sing of thy evil origin, will tell how thy horrid head was made.
+Suoyatar, thy evil mother, once spat upon the waves of the sea. The
+spittle was rocked by the waves and warmed by the sun, until after a
+long time it was washed ashore. There the daughters of Ukko, the
+Creator, saw it, and said: "What would happen if great Ukko were to
+breathe the breath of life into this writhing, senseless mass?" But Ukko
+overheard them and said: "Naught but evil comes from evil, therefore I
+will not give it life."
+
+'Now, wicked Lempo heard what Ukko had said, and he himself breathed
+into it the breath of life, and shaped it to the form of a serpent,
+adding to the spittle all manner of evil things, every poisonous plant
+and thing from the Deathland. This was thine origin, O Serpent, vilest
+thing of all creation; therefore clear the pathway that I may enter the
+halls of the hostess Louhi.'
+
+Thus sang Lemminkainen, and the serpent uncoiled itself and crawled
+away, while Ahti himself went on through the gateway.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE UNWELCOME GUEST
+
+
+Thus Lemminkainen came unbidden to Louhi's abode, but he had arrived too
+late for the feast. He entered the house with such a mighty tread that
+the floors bent under him and the walls and ceilings creaked as he
+advanced. Louhi's husband was seated in the guest-room, and Lemminkainen
+said to him: 'The same greeting to thee that thou givest to me! Are
+there food and beer here for a stranger and barley for a hungry steed?'
+
+Louhi's husband answered: 'I have never yet refused a place in my
+stables for a stranger's horse, and if thou wilt act honestly there is a
+place for thee between the iron kettles.'
+
+Lemminkainen said: 'When my father Lempo comes to a house as a guest, he
+is well received and given the place of honour. Why should I, his son,
+be put between the pots and kettles to be covered with soot?' With these
+words he walked up to the table, and taking his seat he waited to be
+served.
+
+Then Louhi said to him: 'O Lemminkainen, thou wert not invited hither,
+and I feel that thou bringest sorrow with thee. All our dinner was eaten
+and our beer drunk yesterday, and we have nothing left for thee.'
+
+This made Lemminkainen very angry, and he replied: 'O toothless mistress
+of Pohjola, thou hast managed thy feast very badly, for thou hast had
+delicacies of every sort for the others, who gave but trifling presents,
+while for me, who have sent the most of all, thou hast nothing at all
+after my long journey.'
+
+Then Louhi called up one of her meanest servants and bade her serve the
+guest. And there came a little short woman, who made ready a soup out of
+fish-bones and fish-heads and crusts of bread and turnip-stalks, and
+brought him the worst of the servants' beer to quench his thirst with.
+Lemminkainen looked into the pitchers of beer, and saw snakes and worms
+and lizards floating about in them. This made him furiously angry, yet
+he resolved to drink the beer at any rate, and then to punish them for
+their evil treatment of him. So he drew a fish-hook out of his magic
+wallet, and with it he caught all the evil creatures in the beer and
+killed them with his sword, and drank the beer.
+
+When he had done this, he turned to the host and upbraided him for his
+bad treatment, and finally said that as the Pohjola folk could not treat
+guests decently, perhaps he could purchase good beer at least. At this
+Louhi's husband grew angry and conjured up a little lake in the floor at
+Lemminkainen's feet, and bade him quench his thirst at that. But
+Lemminkainen conjured up a bull with gold and silver horns, that drank
+up all the water. Then Louhi's husband conjured up a wolf to devour the
+bull, but Ahti called up a rabbit to draw off the wolf's attention. Next
+the host conjured up a dog to eat the rabbit, but Ahti drew away the dog
+by means of a squirrel that he called up by his magic. At that the host
+made a golden marten to catch the squirrel, and Lemminkainen a
+scarlet-coloured fox which ate the golden marten. Next the host conjured
+a hen to distract the scarlet fox, and Lemminkainen made a hawk to tear
+the hen to pieces.
+
+Then old Louhi's husband cried: 'We shall never be happy here until thou
+art driven out, O evil Ahti,' and with these words he drew his sword and
+challenged Lemminkainen to combat. So Ahti drew his sword also, and
+when the two were measured, they found that Ahti's was the shorter by
+half an inch.
+
+Then Lemminkainen said to his host: 'Although thou hast the longer
+sword, yet thou shalt begin the fight.'
+
+After this they placed themselves in position, and the host of Pohjola
+began. But so powerful was Lemminkainen's magic that he only hit the
+walls and floor and rafters, but could not touch Ahti himself. Then
+Lemminkainen said sneeringly: 'What harm have the walls and rafters
+done, that thou shouldst cut them to pieces. But come, let us go out
+into the courtyard, that the hall may not be covered with blood.'
+
+So they went out into the yard, and there they spread out an ox-hide,
+and took up their places on it to continue the fight. Lemminkainen again
+allowed the host to begin, and the latter struck three mighty blows, but
+still could not harm Ahti. Then the battle began in real earnest, and
+the sparks flew from their swords until it seemed as if there were a
+sheet of flame flowing from Lemminkainen's sword and down upon the head
+and shoulders of his opponent. And when he saw this, Lemminkainen said:
+'O thou son of Pohjola, see how thy neck is shining like the ocean at
+dawn.'
+
+The other turned without thinking, to see what it was, and quick as
+lightning Lemminkainen whirled his sword round his head, and with one
+blow cut off the host's head as easily as one cuts the top from a
+turnip, and the head rolled along on the ground. In the yard were
+hundreds of sharp stakes, and on all but one there was a human head. So
+Lemminkainen quickly took the host's head and stuck it on the empty
+stake, and then went into the house and ordered Louhi to bring him water
+to wash his hands, as he had just slain her husband.
+
+But Louhi hastened out and called in hundreds of armed warriors to
+avenge her husband's death. And in a very short time Lemminkainen saw
+that he must either flee or else be killed if he remained.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE ISLE OF REFUGE
+
+
+Lemminkainen hastened from Louhi's house and looked around for his
+sledge and steed to escape from the Pohjola men. But both had
+disappeared, and in their place he found only a clump of willows. As he
+stood there, wondering what he should do next, the noise of armed men
+running together grew louder and louder, and he knew that they would
+soon reach him. So Lemminkainen changed himself into an eagle, and rose
+up into the clouds. As he flew towards the south he met a gray hawk
+flying northward, and called to it: 'O Gray Hawk, fly to Pohjola and
+tell the warriors of the Northland that they will never catch the Eagle,
+Lemminkainen, ere he reaches his home in distant Kalevala.'
+
+Then he flew on home and taking on again his own form, he went to his
+mother's house. When she saw the troubled look in his face, she guessed
+that some great danger threatened him, and began to ask him if it were
+this, or that, or the other that troubled him, but to all her questions
+he answered 'no.' At length she bade him tell her, then, what his
+trouble was, and he replied: 'All the men of Northland are sharpening
+their swords and spears to kill thy unlucky son Ahti, for I have slain
+the host of Pohjola, Louhi's husband, in a quarrel, and the men of
+Northland will soon come hither to avenge it.'
+
+His mother then reminded him how she had warned him of the journey and
+its troubles, and asked him where he was going to take refuge.
+Lemminkainen replied that he did not know, and asked his mother to help
+him, and she answered: 'If I should turn thee into a tree, thou might be
+cut down for firewood. Or if into a berry, the maidens might pluck thee.
+Or if to a fish, thou would never have a happy life. But if thou wilt
+swear to me not to go to war again for sixty years, then I will tell
+thee of a distant isle, far off across the ocean, where thou mayst rest
+in safety.'
+
+So Lemminkainen gave his promise, on his honour, not to fight for sixty
+years, and then his mother told him how to find the isle of refuge. He
+must sail across nine seas and in the middle of the tenth he would come
+to the island, where his father had once taken refuge long before. There
+he must stay until the third year was come, and then he might return to
+his home.
+
+Lemminkainen took enough provisions in his boat for a long journey, and
+then bidding farewell to his mother and his home he sailed away. When he
+had raised the linen sails, he called up a fair wind to drive him
+onward, and for three months he sailed on without a moment's rest, until
+at length he reached the magic Isle of Refuge.
+
+First, he asked the people of the island if there was room there for his
+boat, and on receiving their consent he drew it up out of the water.
+Next he asked them if he might take refuge and conceal himself there,
+and they granted this too; but when he asked for a little ground to
+cultivate, and a place in the forest to cut down the trees, they told
+him that the whole island had long ago been divided up amongst them, and
+that he must live in one of their houses if he wished to stay on the
+island.
+
+But Lemminkainen was not satisfied with this, and told them that he only
+wished to be allowed to go into the forest and sing some few magic songs
+there, and this they willingly allowed him to do. So he went into the
+forest and began to sing the most wondrous spells, making oak-trees to
+grow up around him, and on each branch an acorn, and on each acorn sat
+a cuckoo. Then the cuckoos began to sing, and gold fell from every beak,
+and silver from their wings, and copper from their feathers, until the
+isle was abundantly supplied with precious metals. Then Lemminkainen
+sang again, and turned the sand to gems and the pebbles into pearls, and
+he covered the whole island with flowers, and made little lakes with
+gold and silver ducks swimming in them, until every one was delighted,
+and the maidens most of all.
+
+Then Ahti said: 'If I were in a fine castle I would conjure up the most
+wonderful feasts and sing the grandest songs you have ever heard.' No
+sooner had he said this than they led him to their finest castle, and
+there he conjured up a splendid feast, with knives and forks and all the
+dishes made of gold and silver. From this time on Ahti was treated as an
+honoured guest, and spent his time most delightfully. In every village
+on the island were seven castles, and in each castle were seven
+daughters, and all of these made Lemminkainen welcome as he went from
+one to another according to his fancy. Thus he spent the whole of his
+years of exile; but there was one maid, old and ugly, and living in a
+remote village, whom he neglected.
+
+At length the time of his return was come, and he made up his mind to
+leave. But just as he had decided to go, the maid whom he had neglected
+came to him and bade him beware, for she was going to take revenge for
+his slighting her; but Lemminkainen scarcely heard her, for he was so
+busy thinking about his journey home. But the maiden went around to all
+the men of the island, and told them evil stories about Lemminkainen,
+and then she went and burned his boat.
+
+The next morning Lemminkainen started off to bid his friends the maidens
+farewell, but he had not gone far before he saw the men getting their
+weapons ready to come and attack him, and he saw that he must fly
+immediately if he wished to escape alive. So he hastened down to his
+boat, but when he reached it there were only the ashes left. At first he
+did not know what to do, but he spied seven broken pieces of planks and
+a few fragments from a broken distaff, and taking these he began to sing
+some mystic spells over them. No sooner had he finished his incantations
+than a magic boat stood ready before him, and he got into it and sailed
+away. But before he was far from the shore all the maidens came down to
+the beach and began to weep and beg him to come back and dwell with them
+for ever. But Lemminkainen answered them that he felt a great longing to
+see his home once more and his mother, yet that he was truly sorrowful
+to leave them, but it must be so. And so he sailed on until the isle was
+out of sight.
+
+The boat sailed on and on for two days and nights, but on the third day
+came a mighty storm-wind, and tossed the vessel about until it broke all
+in pieces, and left Lemminkainen struggling in the waters. He swam for
+long days and nights, struggling with the waves, until at length he
+reached a rocky point projecting out into the ocean. There he landed and
+soon found his way to a castle that was built upon the rocks. He told
+the mistress of the castle how he had been in the water for days and
+days, and was almost perishing from hunger, and she, being a
+kind-hearted woman, gave him a splendid feast of bread and butter, veal
+and bacon, and fish and honey-cakes, and when he had eaten that and
+rested, she gave him a new boat, loaded with provisions, in which to
+finish his journey.
+
+So off he sailed again, and after many weary days of sailing he at
+length reached his beloved island-home. But when he landed and went up
+to where the house had stood, there was not a sign of anything left. The
+whole place was all overgrown with trees and bushes.
+
+Then Lemminkainen sat down and began to weep; but it was not for the
+loss of his home and all his riches that he wept but for his beloved
+mother. As he sat there he caught sight of an eagle flying in the air
+above, and Ahti asked him if he knew what had happened to his mother.
+But the eagle could only tell him that his people had all perished long
+go. Next he asked the raven, and the raven told him that his people had
+been killed by his enemies from Pohjola.
+
+On hearing this Lemminkainen began again to mourn her loss, and to look
+about for some dear relic that he might keep in remembrance of her. But
+as he looked he suddenly came on a faint pathway leading away from the
+house, and on it he saw the prints of light feet. He began to follow it
+eagerly, over hill and valley until he reached the gloomy forest. There
+it led him to a hidden glade, right in the middle of the island, and
+there he found a humble cabin, and his gray-haired mother weeping in it.
+
+Ahti cried aloud for joy at the sight of her, and then he told her how
+he had mourned her as dead. She asked him in return how he had spent
+those years on the Isle of Refuge, and he told her all; how charming the
+life there was, and how he had enjoyed himself there, but that at the
+end all the men of the isle had come to hate him, because the maidens
+admired him so much, and how through their jealousy and the hatred of
+the one maid whom he had neglected, he had nearly lost his life. And
+when he had ended his story they both gave thanks to great Ukko that
+they had found each other again.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE FROST-FIEND
+
+
+When the next day began to dawn, Lemminkainen went to the beach, that
+was hidden behind a projecting point, where his vessels lay. He found
+them still there, but as he approached he heard the rigging wailing in
+the wind, and saying: 'Must we lie here for ever and rot, since Ahti has
+sworn not to go to war for sixty long years?'
+
+Then Lemminkainen cried out to his vessels: 'Mourn no more, my good
+warships, for soon ye shall be filled with warriors and hastening to the
+battle.' When he had uttered these words he hurried back to his mother
+and bade her sorrow no longer over the insult that the Pohjola warriors
+had offered to her, for he was going now to make war on them in order to
+punish them for it.
+
+His mother, when she heard his intention, besought him earnestly not to
+go to war and break his oath to her, for some great misfortune would
+surely come upon him. But he paid no heed to her, and went to seek his
+friend Kura to accompany him on his expedition. When he came to the isle
+on which Kura lived, he went up to the house and said: 'O my dear friend
+Kura, dost thou not remember the time when we fought together long ago
+against the men of dismal Northland? Come with me now and be my
+companion in another war against them.'
+
+Now Kura's father was sitting by the window, whittling out a javelin,
+and his mother was near the door skimming milk, and his brother and
+sisters were also working near by. And all of them cried out that Kura
+could not go to war, for he was but lately married, and they bade
+Lemminkainen leave him.
+
+But Kura himself jumped up from where he was lying before the fire, and
+began to put on his armour in great haste. On his helmet were wolves of
+bronze, and a horse on each javelin. Then Kura took his mighty spear,
+and going forth into the court he hurled it towards the north; and it
+flew on and on, whistling through the air, until at length it fell upon
+the earth of the distant Northland. And after this Kura touched his
+javelin against Lemminkainen's spear and promised to be his faithful
+comrade in the expedition. So the two great warriors made all needful
+preparation and set forth to sail to dismal Pohjola.
+
+But Louhi knew by magic art that they were coming, and she called the
+Black-frost to her, and gave him these commands: 'Hasten forth, O
+Black-frost, and freeze all the wide sea. Freeze Lemminkainen's vessel
+fast in the ice, and freeze the magician himself in his vessel, so that
+he may never more awaken from his icy sleep until I myself may choose to
+free him.'
+
+So the Black-frost hastened off to do her bidding. And first he stripped
+the leaves off the trees and took all the colour from the flowers on his
+way to the seashore. When he reached the shore, the first night he
+froze all the rivers that empty into the sea and the waters along the
+shore, but he did not touch the open sea that night. But on the second
+night he froze all the sea, and the ice kept growing thicker and thicker
+all around Lemminkainen's vessel, until at last the Black-frost even
+began to freeze Lemminkainen's hands and feet and ears.
+
+But when Lemminkainen felt this he began to sing an incantation against
+the Black-frost, saying: 'Black-frost, evil child of the Northland and
+only son of Winter, thou mayst freeze the trees and waters and the very
+stones,--but let me be in peace. Freeze the iron mountains till they
+burst in sunder; freeze Wuoksi and Imatra, but do not try to harm me,
+for I will sing thine origin and make thee powerless. For thou wert born
+on the borders of the ever-dismal Northland, and wert fed by crawling
+snakes. The Northwind rocked thee to sleep in the marshes, and thus thou
+grew, a thing of evil, and at last the name of Frost was given thee. And
+as thou became larger, thou didst learn to rend the trees in winter and
+to cover all the lakes with ice. But if thou wilt not leave me now, I
+will cast thee into Lempo's fiery hearth, and will lay thee on the
+anvil, that Ilmarinen may pound thee to pieces with his mighty hammer.'
+
+Now the Frost-fiend knew how great a magician Lemminkainen was, and
+therefore he agreed that he would leave the two warriors unharmed, but
+keep their ship frozen up as it was. And so Ahti and Kura had to leave
+their vessel and journey over the ice to land. At length they reached
+the country called Starvation-land, and there they found a house, but
+there was no food in it. So they went on still farther, over hill and
+valley, and as they went, Lemminkainen gathered soft moss from the
+tree-trunks and made stockings of it to keep their feet warm.
+
+On and on they went, seeking for some pathway to guide them, but all was
+one snow-covered wilderness. Then Kura said: 'Alas, O Ahti; we came
+hither to take vengeance on the men of Pohjola, but I fear that we shall
+leave our own bones here, and our flesh be food for eagles and ravens.
+We shall never learn the pathway that can guide us to our homes. My poor
+mother will never know what has become of me--whether I have perished in
+the heat of battle, or on some lonely hill, or in some dismal forest.
+She can only mourn me as one dead, and sit and weep bitter tears.'
+
+Then Lemminkainen said: 'My aged mother, think of our former happy days,
+when all went well and all was joy and happiness. But now sorrow and
+misfortune are come upon me, yet shall we not despair; for we are young
+and strong, and will give way neither to hunger nor to evil sorcerers,
+but will use the prayer my father used to pray, saying: "Guard us, O
+thou great Creator; shield us in thine arms, and give us of thy wisdom.
+Be our guardian and our Father, that thy children may not wander from
+the path which thou hast given them."'
+
+Then when Lemminkainen had finished speaking, he took his cares and made
+fleet coursers of them, and the reins he made of days of evil, and from
+his pains he made the saddles. Then he and Kura galloped off each to his
+own home, and thus Lemminkainen was once more returned to his aged
+mother's arms. Now let us leave him there, and Kura with his bride and
+kinsfolk, and speak hereafter of other heroes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Thus Father Mikko ended, adding: 'And I think we must stop now for the
+night, for it is getting late.' Then they had supper, and it was not
+long before all of them had gone to bed and were sound asleep.
+
+Early the next morning they were all awakened by a dull thud and a
+smothered shout. Erik and Father Mikko jumped up and lit a lantern, and
+then hurried to the door, which stood open. They had dug a passage-way
+out through the snow the day before, and they saw that the walls of snow
+had just caved in, and sticking out of the middle of the heap was a pair
+of small legs waving about wildly in the air.
+
+The next minute they had pulled out the owner of the legs, and little
+Antero stood before them, looking very much frightened and very foolish
+too. He had his snow-shoes and some meat with him, and managed to
+explain, between his sobs, that he had intended to go and hunt for
+reindeer in Lapland, the way Lemminkainen did in the story, but his
+snow-shoe had caught in the wall and disaster had overtaken him. The
+would-be hero was promptly taken in charge by Mother Stina, and soon all
+was quiet again.
+
+When they went out the next morning, they found that the snow had long
+since stopped, but the wind was blowing so hard and it was so bitterly
+cold, that Father Mikko was easily persuaded to stay another day.
+
+After dinner they settled down exactly as the day before, Mimi in
+'Pappa' Mikko's lap again, and in a few minutes he began to tell them
+some more of his wonderful stories.
+
+'I will tell you about some one you have not heard of yet,' Father Mikko
+said; 'about _Kullervo_, though I am sure you will none of you like
+Kullervo himself--but yet the story itself may be interesting.' So he
+began.
+
+[Illustration: MIMI IN HOLIDAY DRESS.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KULLERVO'S BIRTH
+
+
+Many ages ago there was a mother who had three sons, and one of them
+grew up to be a prosperous merchant, but the other two were carried
+off--one to distant Pohjola and one to Karjala. And the one in Pohjola
+was named Untamo, but the one in Karjala was called Kalerwoinen.
+
+One day Untamo set his nets near Kalerwoinen's home to catch salmon, but
+in the evening Kalerwoinen came by and took all the fish out of the nets
+and carried them off home. When Untamo found it out he went to his
+brother, and soon they fell to blows; but neither could conquer the
+other, though they gave one another sound beatings. After this had
+happened, Kalerwoinen sowed some barley near Untamo's barns; and
+Untamo's sheep broke into the field and ate the barley, and then
+Kalerwoinen's dog killed the sheep. This made Untamo so angry that he
+collected a great army and marched against his brother to put him and
+all his tribe to death. And when they reached Kalerwoinen's home they
+burned all the houses and killed every one except Kalerwoinen's daughter
+Untamala.
+
+Now not long after this a child was born to Untamala, and she named him
+Kullervo. Then they laid the fatherless infant in the cradle and began
+to rock him, but he began at once to make the cradle rock without
+assistance, and he rocked for three whole days, so hard that his hair
+stood quite on end. On the third day he began to kick until he had burst
+his swaddling clothes, and then he crept out of the cradle and broke
+that also in pieces. When Kullervo was only three months old he began to
+speak, and the first words which he uttered were these: 'When I have
+grown big and strong I will avenge the murder of my grandfather
+Kalerwoinen and his people.'
+
+At this Untamo was greatly alarmed, and took counsel with his people as
+to what should be done with the child. At length they hit upon a plan.
+They took the child and bound him firmly in a willow basket and then put
+him in the lake among the bulrushes. After three days had passed they
+went to see if he were dead, but he had broken loose from the basket and
+was sitting on the waves, fishing with a copper rod and a golden line;
+so they took him back again to the house. Next Untamo ordered a great
+heap of dried brushwood to be collected together, and a pile was made
+higher than the tree-tops; on the top of this they set the boy and then
+set fire to the pile. It burned three whole days, and then Untamo sent
+men to see if the child was dead; but they found him sitting in the
+middle of the fire raking the coals together with a copper rod, and not
+a hair of his head was even singed.
+
+Then they took him home and considered again how they should kill him,
+and this time they took him and crucified him on an oak-tree. And on the
+third day they came and found that he had painted an armed warrior on
+every leaf, made fast though he was to the tree, and so they took him
+down and brought him home again. This time they saw that they could not
+harm him, so Untamo told him that he would take him as a servant, and
+that if he did well he should be paid well.
+
+When Kullervo had grown a little, he was set to take care of a baby, and
+was given very careful instructions as to how to rock it and attend to
+all its wants; but the cruel Kullervo treated it harshly, and in the
+evening killed it and burned the cradle in the fire. So Untamo was
+afraid to give him any further employment about the house, but bade him
+go out and cut down the forest on the mountain side. Then Kullervo went
+to the smith and bade him make a huge axe of copper, and when it was
+ready he spent one day in sharpening it and another in making the
+handle, and then hastened off to the forest. There he chose the biggest
+tree on all the mountain side and felled it at one blow. Six more huge
+trees were cut down just as easily, but then Kullervo grew disgusted
+with the work, and pronounced a curse over the whole mountain, and
+stopped working.
+
+So when Untamo came in the evening to see how he was getting on, and
+found only seven trees felled, he saw that he must set Kullervo to some
+other task. The next day, therefore, he took him into a field and bade
+him build a fence round it. As soon as Untamo was gone, Kullervo set to
+work, using whole trees and raising the fence higher than the clouds;
+and when he had finished there was no gate to enter by, and the fence
+was so high that no one could climb over it. When Untamo came and saw
+what he had done, and that no one could now get into the field, he told
+Kullervo that he was unfitted for such work, and must go and thresh the
+rye and barley.
+
+Then Kullervo made a flail and set to work. And he threshed so hard that
+all the grain was beaten to powder and the straw was broken up into
+useless pieces. But when Untamo saw this, he grew very angry, and cried
+out that Kullervo was a wretched workman who spoiled whatever he
+touched, and the next day he took him off and sold him to the blacksmith
+Ilmarinen in distant Karjala. And the price Ilmarinen paid was three old
+worn-out kettles, seven worthless sickles, and three old scythes and
+hoes and axes, surely quite enough for such a fellow as Kullervo.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KULLERVO AND ILMARINEN'S WIFE
+
+
+As soon as the purchase was completed, Kullervo asked Ilmarinen and his
+wife to give him some work for the next day. So they decided to make him
+a shepherd. But the wife, once the Rainbow-maiden, did not like the new
+servant, so she baked him a cheat-loaf--a very thick loaf, half of
+barley, half of oatmeal, and with a great flint-stone in the centre, and
+around the flint-stone was melted butter. Then she gave it to Kullervo
+and told him not to eat it until he was out on the pasture-ground.
+
+The next morning Ilmarinen's wife showed Kullervo the cattle, and bade
+him take them to the open glades among the forests, where they would
+find food in abundance. Then she addressed a prayer to Ukko that he
+would guard the flock in case the shepherd should neglect them. And she
+sought the aid too of all the goddesses of the forest and the daughters
+of summer and the spirits of the fountains and the brooks, to care for
+her cattle and watch over them. And she also sang a spell to keep away
+the bear from coming and devouring them. And when all these prayers and
+spells were ended she sent Kullervo off with the herds.
+
+Kullervo drove them off to their pastures in the woods, carrying his
+lunch in a basket on his arm. And as he walked he sang of his hard lot
+as a slave, and how he was given only the scraps and crusts to eat,
+while his master and mistress fed on honey-cakes and wheaten biscuit. At
+length the time came for him to eat his luncheon, and he sat down and
+drew the cheat-loaf from the basket. But instead of eating it at once he
+turned it carefully over and over in his hands, and thought: 'Many
+loaves are fine to look at on the outside, but are nothing but chaff
+inside,' and he drew out his knife to try the loaf.
+
+This knife was the one thing that his mother had kept of all her
+father's possessions, and Kullervo looked upon it as something sacred.
+Now as he plunged it into the cheat-loaf it hit right upon the hard
+flint in the centre and broke in several pieces. Then Kullervo sat down
+and began to weep over his loss, and to ponder how he should revenge
+it. But a raven was sitting in a tree near by and overhead him talking
+to himself, and the raven said: 'Why art thou so distressed, Kullervo?
+Drive the herd away, one half to the wolves' and the other half to the
+bears' dens, so that they may all be devoured. And then when it is time
+to return home call together the wolves and bears and make them look
+like cattle, by thy magic art, and drive them home for thy mistress to
+milk. Thus thou wilt repay this insult.'
+
+At these words Kullervo jumped up and did as the raven had said. And
+when the sun was setting in the west, Kullervo hastened homeward,
+driving bears and wolves before him, but by a magic spell he made them
+look like cattle. And as he went, he said to them: 'Seize my hateful
+mistress when she comes to milk the cattle, and tear and rend her in
+pieces.' And he took a cow-horn and made a bugle of it and blew till the
+hills rang, to announce his return.
+
+When he reached the cow-yard, Ilmarinen's wife greeted him joyfully, for
+it was late and she had feared that something had happened. And she told
+her oldest maid-servant to go and milk the cows as she herself was busy.
+But Kullervo said: 'Thou shouldst go thyself, for the cows are in better
+condition to-night than they have ever been before.' And so she went,
+and when she saw them she cried out in wonder: 'Truly my cattle are
+beautiful to-night, for their hair glistens like the fur of lynxes, and
+is soft as ermine skin.'
+
+With these words she seated herself to begin milking, but all at once
+the wolves and bears appeared in their true shapes and began to tear her
+to pieces. Then she cried out to Kullervo, when she saw what he had
+done, but he answered: 'If I have done evil thou hast done still greater
+evil, for thou hast baked a stone inside my bread, and I have broken on
+it my knife, the only relic of my mother's people.'
+
+Then Ilmarinen's wife began to beg him to aid her, and promised him the
+best of everything to eat, and that he should never have to work again.
+But Kullervo would not listen to her prayers, but rejoiced at her agony,
+and then the wolves and bears made one more onset, and she fell and
+died. Such was the end of the beauteous Rainbow-maiden, for whom so many
+had wooed, and who had become the pride and joy of Kalevala.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+KULLERVO'S LIFE AND DEATH
+
+
+Then Kullervo hastened off, before Ilmarinen should come home and find
+out what had happened. And after he was at a safe distance he began to
+play upon the bugle he had made, until Ilmarinen ran out of his smithy
+to see who it could be, and there before him in the courtyard Ilmarinen
+saw the body of his wife and learned what had happened: and he sat down
+and wept bitterly, for all the joy of his life was now gone from him.
+
+But Kullervo hastened on, and as he went he mourned his hard lot. When
+he had gone a little way he met an old witch on the road, and she asked
+him whither he was going. 'I shall journey to the dismal Northland,'
+answered Kullervo, 'there to slay the wicked Untamo, who has killed all
+my kinsfolk.' Then the witch said: 'Thou art wrong, for thy father and
+thy sisters escaped from Untamo's wrath, and now thy mother has joined
+them and they are living happily together on the distant borders of
+Kalevala.' And when Kullervo begged her to tell him the way to them she
+did so, and he hastened off to find them.
+
+At length he reached his parents' abode, but at first they did not
+recognise him. But when he spoke to his mother she knew him at once, and
+embraced him and kissed him, and made him welcome in his new home. And
+then they related to one another all that had happened in the years they
+had been apart, and his mother ended by saying: 'Praised be Ukko that
+thou hast come back to us; but there is yet one absent one--thy eldest
+sister strayed away many years ago, hunting berries on the hills, and we
+have never seen or heard of her since.'
+
+So Kullervo settled down to live with his parents, and began to work
+with the others. The first day they all went out to fish for salmon, and
+Kullervo was put at the oars to row their boat. Then he asked whether he
+should row with all his strength, or only a little part of it, and they
+told him that he could not pull too hard. So he put forth all his
+giant's strength, and in a minute the boat was all broken to pieces.
+
+His father said: 'I see that thou art too clumsy to row; perhaps thou
+wilt do better to drive the salmon into the nets.' And Kullervo asked
+again whether he should use all his strength, and he received the same
+answer as before. So he set to work beating the water to scare the fish
+into the net; but he beat so hard that he mixed all the mud on the
+bottom with the water, and pounded the salmon all to pulp and destroyed
+all the nets.
+
+Then his father saw that he was not fit for such work, so he sent him
+off to pay the yearly taxes. Kullervo did so, and after he had paid them
+he started off in his sledge to drive home again. He had not driven far
+when he met a lovely maiden, whom he asked to get into his sledge and
+come with him to his home and marry him. But she made fun of him, and he
+drove off in anger. When he had driven still farther he met another
+maiden, still more lovely than the first, and this one he at length
+persuaded to get into his sledge and come home with him and marry him.
+But when they had driven along for two days towards his home, the maiden
+asked him about his kinsfolk, and he told her that he was Kalervo's son.
+
+No sooner had the maiden heard this than she gave a great cry of anguish
+and cried out: 'Alas, then, thou art my brother! For I am Kalervo's
+daughter, who wandered off one day to pick berries and never returned,'
+and with these words she jumped from the sledge and hastened weeping to
+a river near by. There she plunged beneath the icy waters and was never
+seen again alive, but her lifeless body floated down to the black river
+of Tuoni.
+
+But Kullervo unharnessed his steed from the sledge and galloped off home
+and there related to his mother all that had occurred, and how he had
+unknowingly been the cause of his sister's death, and when he had
+finished his story, he added: 'Woe is me that I did not die long ago.
+But now I must hasten off to gloomy Pohjola, there to slay the wicked
+Untamo, and myself be also slain.' Having said this he also made ready
+his armour and ground his broadsword until it was as sharp as a razor.
+But before he went, he asked his father and brother and sister and
+mother if they would grieve when they heard of his death. And all but
+his mother told him that they would never sorrow over the death of such
+an evil fellow. But his mother alone said that, in spite of all the evil
+he had done, her mother's love was still strong and that she would weep
+over him for years to come.
+
+Thereupon Kullervo went forth on his journey to the icy Northland, but
+before he had gone far a messenger came and told him that his father was
+dead and asked Kullervo to come back and help bury him, but he would
+not come. And a little later he was told of the death of his brother and
+then of his sister, and last of all of his mother. Still he refused to
+come to bury any of them, only, when the news of his mother's death
+reached him, he mourned that he had not been with her in her last
+moments, and bade the servants bury her with every possible honour and
+respect.
+
+Now as he neared the home of Untamo's tribe, he prayed to Ukko to endow
+his sword with magic powers, so that Untamo and all his people might be
+surely slain. And Ukko did as he had asked, and with the magic sword
+Kullervo slew, single-handed, all Untamo's people, and burned all their
+villages to ashes, leaving behind him only dead bodies and smoking
+ruins.
+
+Then he hastened home, and found that it was only too true that all his
+family had died while he was away; and he went out to his mother's grave
+and wept over it. But as he wept, his mother spoke to him from the grave
+and bade him let their old dog lead him into the forest to the home of
+the wood-nymphs, who would care for him. So Kullervo set off, led by the
+faithful dog. But on the way they came to the grassy mound where
+Kullervo had met his long-lost sister, and there he found that even the
+grass and the flowers and the trees were weeping. Suddenly overcome with
+sorrow, he drew forth his magic sword from out its scabbard, and,
+bidding a last farewell to all the world, he thrust the handle firmly
+into the earth and threw himself upon the sword-point, so that it
+pierced his heart. Thus ended the evil life of Kullervo.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+They were all silent for a moment when the sad story of Kullervo's life
+and death was ended, and then Mimi said: 'I wish you'd tell us about
+nice men like Ilmarinen and Wainamoinen, Pappa Mikko; Kullervo was real
+hateful.'
+
+'Well, then, I will tell you of what Ilmarinen did when he had lost his
+wife, the Rainbow-maiden,'--and the old man began.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S BRIDE OF GOLD
+
+
+After Ilmarinen's wife had been so cruelly slain, he wept for three
+whole days and nights without ceasing. And after that for three months
+he did not go into his smithy nor even so much as lift his hammer from
+the ground. And as he mourned he cried: 'Woe is me, for all is weariness
+and sorrow now that my dear wife is slain, and there is no more rest for
+me in my home.'
+
+But after the three months of mourning were past, Ilmarinen went out and
+dug up a great quantity of gold and silver and cut down thirty
+sledge-loads of birch-trees, which he burnt to charcoal. Then he put the
+charcoal in the bottom of his furnace and laid a large piece of gold and
+a still larger piece of silver on top, and closing the furnace, he
+started the fire and set the workmen to blowing the bellows; but the
+men were lazy and let the fire go out. So Ilmarinen drove them all away
+and began to blow the fire by magic spells alone. Three days he worked
+the bellows by his magic spells, and on the evening of the third day he
+looked inside the furnace, hoping to see an image rising from the melted
+gold and silver. And there came forth a lovely lamb all gold and silver,
+and every one admired its beauty save Ilmarinen, who said: 'Get back
+into the furnace, for I only desire a beauteous bride, born of the
+melted gold and silver.'
+
+So he threw the lamb back into the furnace and added still more gold and
+silver and other magic metals, and then set his workmen to blow the
+bellows again. But they proved lazy this time too, and he had once more
+to use his magic spells to blow the fire. Again he looked into the
+furnace, on the evening of the third day, and this time there arose a
+colt of gold and silver and with hoofs of shining copper. Every one
+admired the beautiful colt save Ilmarinen, who threw it back into the
+furnace.
+
+Once more he added gold and silver and set the workmen to blow the
+bellows, but they neglected their work this time too. Then he blew the
+fire by magic, and cast other magic spells over the furnace, so that the
+gold and silver should grow into a lovely maiden. When he looked into
+the furnace on the evening of the third day, he saw at last the figure
+of a maiden rising from the flames, but it had neither feet nor hands
+nor ears. So Ilmarinen took her from the fire and forged unceasingly
+until feet and hands and ears were all completed, and the maiden was now
+the most beautiful that any one had ever seen, but yet she could not
+walk, nor talk, nor see, nor hear.
+
+But Ilmarinen carried the golden maiden out of the smithy and took her
+to the bath-room where he washed the golden and silver image and then
+took it and laid it in his couch, in his wife's place. That night he
+heaped up bear-skins and rugs of all kinds on top of the bed, hoping
+that the image would come to life from the warmth, but it was all in
+vain, and Ilmarinen was almost frozen himself when he rose next morning.
+Then he said to himself: 'Surely this lovely maiden was not meant to be
+my bride. I will take her to Wainamoinen, and perhaps she may come to
+life for him.'
+
+So off he went and offered the beautiful image to Wainamoinen, telling
+him that he had brought a lovely maiden to be Wainamoinen's bride now in
+his old age. But Wainamoinen, after praising the image's beauty, said:
+'My dear brother Ilmarinen, it is better to throw this image back into
+thy furnace, and to forge from the melted metal a thousand useful
+trinkets. For I will never wed an image made of gold and silver.'
+
+And then Wainamoinen turned to those of his people who were standing
+near by, and said to them: 'Never bow to any image made of gold or
+silver, for they cannot see, nor hear, nor speak, and they will only
+bring you sorrow.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ILMARINEN'S FRUITLESS WOOING
+
+
+So Ilmarinen cast the maid of gold into a corner of his smithy and
+harnessed up his sledge and drove off to the dismal Northland, to ask
+Louhi to give him another of her daughters in marriage. Three days he
+journeyed, and on the evening of the third he reached old Louhi's home.
+
+Louhi asked him how her daughter, the Rainbow-maiden, fared, and
+Ilmarinen, with hanging head and sorrowful face, told how his poor wife
+had perished, and ended up his story by asking Louhi to give him her
+next fairest daughter to be his wife. But Louhi grew angry and upbraided
+him with not having guarded her other daughter, and thus being guilty of
+her death, and she scornfully refused to give him another of her
+daughters.
+
+But Ilmarinen went into the house in great anger and there addressed
+Louhi's next fairest daughter, begging her to come to his home with him
+and become his wife. The maid replied: 'I will never marry the man who
+has been the cause of my dear sister's death. And even if I were to
+marry I would wish a nobler suitor than a mere blacksmith.' Then
+Ilmarinen grew pale with anger, and seizing the maiden in his mighty
+arms he rushed off to his sledge and drove off like the wind before any
+one could stop him.
+
+The poor maid wept and begged Ilmarinen to release her and to let her
+die by the roadside, rather than to take her thus to his home. 'If thou
+wilt not release me,' she said, 'I will change into a salmon and escape
+thee.' But Ilmarinen told her that he would pursue her in the shape of a
+pike. Then the maiden said, first, that she would become an ermine, but
+Ilmarinen told her he would turn into a snake and catch her; and then
+she said that she would become a swallow, but Ilmarinen threatened to
+become an eagle.
+
+So they drove on and on, and the maiden wept the whole time, and begged
+Ilmarinen to let her go, even if it were only to die in the snow, but he
+refused and grew more and more angry at her obstinacy. At length they
+reached Ilmarinen's home and he took the maiden into the house. But
+here, seeing there was no hope of escape, she determined to make him so
+angry that he would kill her and thus she would be freed from him. So
+she began to make fun of him and to scorn him and laugh at him, until at
+length Ilmarinen was in such a rage that he scarcely knew what he was
+doing, and drew his sword to kill her.
+
+But the sword refused to do this cruel deed, saying: 'I was born to
+drink the blood of warriors, but not of such a pure and lovely maid as
+this.' So Ilmarinen, being unable to kill her, began to weave a magic
+spell about her, and in a few minutes she changed all of a sudden into a
+seagull, and flew off screaming towards the sea-cliffs.
+
+And when he had done this, Ilmarinen went out and got into his sledge
+and drove off to his brother Wainamoinen. When he arrived, Wainamoinen
+asked him why he was so sad, and whether all was well in Pohjola. To
+this Ilmarinen replied: 'Why should not all be well in Pohjola? They
+have the Sampo there, and until it leaves them they will always
+prosper.' And then Wainamoinen asked him of the maiden whom he had gone
+to woo. 'I have turned that hateful maid into a seagull,' Ilmarinen
+answered, frowning, 'and now she flies shrieking above the rolling
+waves, and will never have another suitor.'
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WAINAMOINEN'S EXPEDITION AND THE BIRTH OF THE KANTELE (HARP)
+
+
+Wainamoinen reflected on what Ilmarinen had said of the prosperity of
+the Northland, and at length proposed that they should go and capture
+the Sampo and bring it back to Kalevala. But Ilmarinen said: 'It will be
+hard to carry off the Sampo, for Louhi has fastened it with nine great
+locks, and around it grow three roots, beneath the mountain and the
+waters and the sands.'
+
+Still Wainamoinen persuaded him to go, and Ilmarinen went to his smithy
+and began to forge a sword for Wainamoinen. And when it was finished, it
+was so strong, by the power of the magic spells that had been used in
+making it, that it would cut through the hardest flint stones.
+
+Then the two heroes put on their armour and made their sledges ready,
+and drove off along the seashore northward. But they had not gone far
+before they heard a voice lamenting. They drove up to the spot whence
+the voice seemed to come, and there they found a ship lying deserted on
+the sands.
+
+Wainamoinen asked the ship what it was lamenting over, and the ship
+replied: 'Alas, I weep because I am obliged to remain here idle; for I
+was built to be a warship, and I long to sail filled with warriors
+against the foe, but I am left here to lie alone and rot to pieces.'
+Then Wainamoinen said: 'Thou shalt lie here no longer, but we will sail
+in thee against the men of Pohjola. But tell me whether thou art a magic
+ship that can sail without wind, or oarsmen, or pilot.' 'Nay,' the ship
+replied, 'I cannot sail if the wind or oars do not help me on and some
+one guide me with the rudder. But give me these to help me, and I can
+sail faster than any other ship in the world.'
+
+Then they left their sledges and launched the ship and stepped aboard.
+And Wainamoinen began to sing his wondrous spells, and in an instant one
+side of the vessel was filled with bearded warriors, and the other with
+lovely maids, and in the middle came powerful gray-bearded heroes. First
+he set the young men at the oars, but however hard they strove they
+could not budge the ship. And next the maidens tried, but they too
+failed. Last of all the mighty gray-bearded heroes took the oars, but
+yet the vessel did not move. Then Ilmarinen himself grasped the oars,
+and in a moment the vessel was moving through the waters at full speed,
+with old Wainamoinen at the helm.
+
+They had not gone far when they came to an island, and on the shore was
+a man working on a fishing-boat. As they drew nearer he looked up and
+hailed them, asking whither they were bound. Wainamoinen answered: 'O
+stupid Lemminkainen, dost thou not recognise us, and canst thou not
+guess whither we are bound?' Then Lemminkainen, for it was really he,
+said: 'I recognise you both now. It is Ilmarinen who is rowing, and thou
+art Wainamoinen. But tell me whither ye are sailing?'
+
+Then Wainamoinen told him that they were bound for Pohjola to capture
+the magic Sampo, and, on hearing this, Lemminkainen begged to go with
+them, saying that he would fight valiantly with them. So they took him
+on board, and the three great heroes sailed on their way. But before
+they had gone much farther, they came to a place where there were lovely
+maidens singing sweetly on the shore, but all around were hidden rocks
+and whirlpools, and their vessel was near sinking. But Lemminkainen knew
+the spell that would compel the maidens to calm the whirlpools, and to
+lead the ship in safety past all the hidden reefs out into open water
+again. And when Lemminkainen had sung this spell, old Wainamoinen was
+able to steer in safety through the foam-covered rocks and out into open
+water; but no sooner were they clear than the vessel stopped as suddenly
+as if she were anchored to the spot.
+
+Ilmarinen and Lemminkainen then plunged a long pole to the bottom of the
+waters, and strove to push the ship ahead, but it was impossible. Then
+Wainamoinen bade Lemminkainen look beneath the vessel to see what it was
+that stopped them, and they found that it was no hidden reef or
+sand-bar, but a mighty pike on whose shoulders the vessel had stuck
+fast. At Wainamoinen's order, Lemminkainen drew his sword and aimed a
+mighty blow at the monster, but he missed it and fell overboard. He was
+drawn out all dripping, and the others consoled him for his failure.
+Next Ilmarinen drew his sword and struck at the monster, but at the
+first blow his sword broke in pieces. At last Wainamoinen, reproaching
+the others for their feebleness, drew his magic sword, and with one
+thrust he impaled the monster on it. Then lifting the monster out of the
+water he cut him into pieces and let them fall on the water, and float
+in towards land.
+
+Thus the vessel was free at last. But the heroes were weary with their
+exertions, and so they rowed in to land, and there gathered up the
+fragments of the fish that had floated to the shore. Wainamoinen handed
+these pieces to the maidens who were with them in the vessel, and they
+prepared the most delicious feast from the pike, having enough and to
+spare for all on board. And they piled the bones in a heap on the rocks.
+
+Then Wainamoinen looked at the pile of bones, and after pondering deeply
+he said: 'Wondrous things may be made from these bones, if only I can
+find a skilful workman to carry out my designs and make the
+_kantele_.'[5] But no workman could be found who was wise enough to
+understand Wainamoinen's directions, for no one had ever heard of a
+_kantele_ before. At length old Wainamoinen saw that there was no one
+who could help him, and so he set to work himself. He made the arches of
+the harp from the pike's jawbones, and the pins that hold the strings he
+made from the teeth, and for the strings he took hairs from the tail of
+a magic steed.
+
+[5] A sort of harp that is sometimes used even now in Finland.
+Pronounced _kan'-tay-lay_. It usually has five strings.
+
+And at last the _first kantele_ was finished, and it was so beautiful
+that every one crowded round to look at it. When it was all ready
+Wainamoinen handed it to those around to try their skill, but they could
+only make discords whenever they touched it. Then Lemminkainen bade the
+others leave it to him, for _he_ would show them how to play upon it.
+But when he touched the strings it sounded worse than when any of the
+others had tried it. And after one and all had tried it, and found that
+it only gave forth discords, they proposed to throw it into the sea. But
+the harp said: 'I shall never perish in the sea, but will bring great
+joy to Kalevala. Put me in my maker's hands, and I will sing for him.'
+So they took it and laid it at the aged Wainamoinen's feet.
+
+Then the great magician took the wondrous kantele and rested it upon his
+knee. First he tuned it, tightening all the strings until they sounded
+sweetly together, and then he swept his hands across them, and a flood
+of wonderful melody poured forth from the kantele. And as the wondrous
+notes resounded in the air, every living thing that heard them stopped
+and listened. From the forests came the bears and ermines, and the
+wolves and lynxes. Even Tapio the forest-god drew near, with all his
+attendant spirits, enchanted by the magic sounds. From the sea the
+fishes came to the edge of the waters, and the sea-god Ahto with his
+water-spirits. The daughters of the Sun and Moon stopped their spinning
+on the clouds, and dropped their spindles, so that the threads were
+broken in two.
+
+For three whole days the magic kantele poured forth its melody beneath
+Wainamoinen's skilful fingers, until every one that heard it wept, and
+even the master-player himself was at last moved to tears by the power
+of his own playing. The bright teardrops flowed down his long beard and
+over his garments, and on over the earth in sparkling streams, until
+they were lost in the waters of the deep sea. And then the music ceased,
+and Wainamoinen laid the kantele aside and said: 'Is there any one here
+who can gather up my teardrops from the sea?' But all were silent, for
+they could not do it.
+
+But a raven came flying up and offered to attempt it, and Wainamoinen
+promised him the most beautiful plumage if he should succeed, but the
+raven tried and failed. Then came a duck, and Wainamoinen made it the
+same promise. And the duck swam off and dived down to the ocean's
+depths, and at length it had collected every teardrop and brought them
+to the great magician, but a wondrous change had taken place in them,
+for they were no longer tears, but the most beautiful pearls.
+
+Thus were pearls first created, and for this the blue duck received its
+lovely plumage.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'That is the loveliest story of all,' cried Mimi. 'How I wish I could
+have heard Wainamoinen's music! Was his kantele like the one pappa has
+up in the loft, Pappa Mikko? If it was, I wish pappa would play on
+ours.'
+
+'I expect they are just alike,' replied Father Mikko; 'and when your
+pappa's pappa was alive, I remember that he used to play on the kantele
+very sweetly, but there are not many in our land that can play the
+kantele now.'
+
+'Well,' said Mimi, with a sigh, 'I suppose there aren't, so you might as
+well tell us what Wainamoinen did next, Pappa Mikko, please.'
+
+And Father Mikko began again.
+
+[Illustration: A WATERFALL.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE CAPTURE OF THE SAMPO
+
+
+After the magic kantele was finished, the three great heroes and
+magicians sailed away again towards the dismal Northland. Ilmarinen led
+the rowers on one side of the ship, and Lemminkainen on the other, and
+old Wainamoinen steered. They soon reached Pohjola and landed near
+Louhi's house.
+
+When they had drawn their vessel up on land, they all went up to Louhi's
+house, and Wainamoinen told her that they were come for the Sampo; that
+if she would only give them the many-coloured lid they would go away
+content, but if not, they would take the whole Sampo by force. Then
+Louhi grew very angry and called together all the Northland warriors to
+slay them. But Wainamoinen began to play upon his kantele, and so
+wonderfully sweet were the tunes that he played, that the warriors
+forgot all about fighting and began to weep, and all the maidens of
+Pohjola began to dance. Still Wainamoinen played on and on, until a deep
+slumber came upon all the Northland folk. Then he ceased playing, and
+cast a powerful spell over them, so that they should not awake.
+
+When all the Pohjola folk were sound asleep the three great heroes went
+to the mountains to seek the magic Sampo. And as they went Wainamoinen
+played such wonderful music that the great cliffs opened before them,
+and left them an open road to where the Sampo lay hid. When they had
+come near the cavern in which the Sampo lay, they sent Lemminkainen to
+enter the cave and bring it out. He, boasting of his strength, went into
+the cavern, and seizing hold of the magic Sampo, he put forth all his
+strength to lift it up, but it remained immovable, for the roots had
+grown deep into the earth, and bound it down tightly.
+
+Then Lemminkainen remembered a huge ox that he had seen out in the
+fields, with horns seven fathoms long, and he went after it and hitched
+it to the biggest plough he could find, and began to plough all around
+the roots which held the Sampo down. And in a very short while the roots
+became loosened, and they were able to pick up the magic Sampo and
+carry it on board their vessel.
+
+As soon as it was safely on board they sailed away, leaving all the
+Pohjola folk sleeping. On they flew towards their homes in Kalevala; but
+Lemminkainen grew weary of the silence, and asked Wainamoinen why he
+would not sing to cheer them. But Wainamoinen answered that song would
+only disturb the rowers, and that it was best never to rejoice until all
+danger was past. At length, when they had gone three days on their
+journey, Lemminkainen grew angry at Wainamoinen's silence, and began to
+sing himself. But his voice sounded harsh and unmelodious, and it made
+the very ship tremble.
+
+Far off on the land a crane was standing amidst the rushes, amusing
+itself by counting its toes. But when it heard Lemminkainen's attempts
+at singing, it was so frightened that it flew off screaming over
+Pohjola, and by its screeching it awoke all the slumbering people. As
+soon as Louhi awoke she hurried off to her barns and cattle-pens to see
+if anything had been stolen, but she found everything all right. Next
+she hurried to the mountains, to the cavern where she had hidden the
+Sampo, but when she came there she found the cavern empty, and saw how
+her visitors had torn the Sampo loose from its fastenings.
+
+Then Louhi returned to her house pale with anger and fear, for she knew
+that if the Sampo were lost that all the prosperity of the Northland
+would be lost with it. So she called up the goddess of the fogs, and
+sent her out to delay Wainamoinen's vessel. And then she called on
+Iko-Turso--a wicked monster living in the depths of the sea--to swim to
+the ship and sink it, and to eat the men in it, but to bring back the
+Sampo to Pohjola once more. And she prayed, moreover, to great Ukko that
+if the sea-monster should not succeed, that Ukko himself would send a
+fearful tempest to wreck the vessel.
+
+First came the goddess of the fog, and wrapped them in such a thick mist
+that they could not move. Three days they lay so, and then Wainamoinen
+drew his sword, exclaiming: 'We shall all perish here in the fog if no
+attempt is made to drive it away,' and with these words he struck the
+waves with his sword. From the blade there flowed a stream of honey, and
+all at once the fog broke up, and left the way clear before them. But
+scarcely had the fog disappeared than they heard a mighty roaring sound,
+and the foam began to shoot up from the water alongside, and to cover
+the ship. Then Wainamoinen leaned over the vessel's side, and stretching
+out his arm he grasped something that he saw in the water, and pulled up
+the awful monster Iko-Turso. But the monster was so affrighted by being
+lifted out of the water that he promised to leave them in peace, and
+never to appear above the waters again if Wainamoinen would only release
+him. So Wainamoinen let him go, and the second danger was past.
+
+But now came the third and most terrible of all, for Ukko sent a mighty
+storm-wind, which lashed the waves into a fury, and stirred up the ocean
+to its very bottom. And at the very first pitch of the ship the magic
+kantele was swept overboard by the waves, and Ahto, the sea-god, caught
+it and carried it off to his home beneath the waves. Then Wainamoinen
+began to bewail the loss of his wonderful instrument; but as the storm
+grew worse, and tossed their ship about like a feather, all on board
+began to despair of ever reaching land alive. But Wainamoinen gave them
+comfort and courage, and he and Ilmarinen and Lemminkainen by their
+magic spells quietened the winds and the waves, and repaired the damage
+which the vessel had suffered from the storm. And then they went on
+their way in peace.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE SAMPO IS LOST IN THE SEA
+
+
+But when Louhi found that all her magic had failed, she assembled all
+her warriors, and embarked them in her largest ship, and herself sailed
+off to recapture the Sampo by force of arms. Before long they came in
+sight of Wainamoinen's vessel, and when he saw that Louhi was pursuing
+him with such a mighty host of warriors, he cried out to Ilmarinen and
+Lemminkainen to row with all their might, in order to escape from their
+pursuers. So all the rowers rowed until the vessel fairly trembled, and
+the foam was tossed up from the bow as high as the clouds, but still
+they could not gain on their pursuers.
+
+Then Wainamoinen saw that he must use some other means, so he took out a
+piece of flint from his tinder-box and dropped it into the water, saying
+as he did so: 'Rise up from the bottom of the sea into a mighty
+mountain, so that Louhi's ship may be dashed to pieces.' And suddenly a
+mountain of rock sprang up out of the water, and before Louhi could stop
+her ship it had hit upon the rocks and was wrecked.
+
+But Louhi was not to be outdone in magic, so she took the timbers of the
+ship and made from them a magic eagle, using the rudder for its tail and
+five sharp iron scythes for its talons. And on his wings and back she
+posted all her warriors, and then the magic eagle rose up into the air.
+It made one circle round the heavens, and then lit upon the mast of
+Wainamoinen's vessel, almost overturning it by its weight. Wainamoinen
+first prayed to Ukko for aid, and then he asked Louhi if she would
+consent now to divide the Sampo between them. But she scorned his offer,
+and the eagle made a swoop downward to pick up the Sampo in its talons.
+But Lemminkainen raised his sword, and no sooner had the eagle grasped
+the Sampo than he brought down his sword with such force that every
+talon was cut off but one.
+
+Then the eagle flew up on to the mast once more, and upbraided
+Lemminkainen because he had broken his promise to his mother that he
+would not go to war for sixty years. But Wainamoinen, believing that his
+last hour was come, took the rudder in his hand and struck the eagle
+such a mighty blow that all the warriors fell from its wings and back
+into the water. Then the eagle made one more swoop down upon the vessel,
+and, with the one talon it had left, it dragged the Sampo over the side
+of the ship so that it fell to the bottom of the ocean and was broken to
+pieces. And it is this that has brought so much wealth to the sea, for
+where the Sampo is there will always be wealth also. But a few pieces of
+the lid floated ashore to Kalevala, and it is therefore that our country
+has now the harvests that before that grew in the dismal Northland.
+
+But Louhi threatened Wainamoinen, saying: 'I will steal away thy silver
+moonlight and thy golden sunlight. I will send the frost and hail to
+kill thy crops, and will send the bear--Otso--from the forests to kill
+thy cattle and sheep. I will send upon thy people nine diseases, each
+one of them more fatal than the one before.' Then Wainamoinen replied:
+'No one from dismal Northland can harm us of Kalevala, Only Ukko rules
+the fate of peoples, and he will guard my crops from frost and hail, and
+my cattle from the bear, Otso. Thou mayst hide evil people in thy
+Northland caverns, but thou canst never steal the Sun and Moon, and all
+thy frosts and plagues and bears may turn against thyself.'
+
+And then Louhi departed to her home, weeping for the loss of the magic
+Sampo, and ever since that time there have been famines and poverty in
+gloomy Pohjola. But Wainamoinen and the other heroes returned home
+rejoicing, and on the shore they found fragments of the Sampo's lid.
+Then Wainamoinen prayed to Ukko to be merciful and kind to them, and to
+protect them from frost and hail and bears, and to let the golden light
+of the Moon and Sun shine for ever on the plains of Kalevala.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Ah!' said Erik, half smiling, 'it's a great pity that the whole Sampo
+didn't float ashore to our country, for perhaps then there would never
+have been any famines in our land at all,' and he sighed as he thought
+of some of the hard winters in years past.
+
+'All is in God's hands,' said Father Mikko reverently, 'and we must take
+both good and ill as they come to us--it is not for us to say what we
+would wish. Let us be thankful that even a part of the Sampo floated
+hither,' he added, smiling.
+
+There was a few moments' silence, and then Mimi asked what Wainamoinen
+had done about his lost kantele, so Father Mikko went on.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE BIRTH OF THE SECOND KANTELE
+
+
+When the heroes had returned home, and found the fragments of the Sampo
+on the shore, they wished to make merry over the good fortune which even
+these fragments were sure to bring, but Wainamoinen could not give them
+music, since the wondrous kantele had been lost in the sea. Then he bade
+Ilmarinen make a huge rake with copper teeth a hundred fathoms long and
+the handle a thousand fathoms, and when the rake was ready, Wainamoinen
+took it, and sailing out over the sea in a magic vessel that needed
+neither sails nor oars to move it, he raked over the whole bottom of the
+ocean. But he only raked up shells and seaweed, and found no trace of
+the kantele.
+
+Then Wainamoinen returned sadly home, saying: 'Never again shall I pour
+forth floods of music to the people of Kalevala from the magic strings
+of my kantele.' And driven on by his grief he left his house and went
+far off into the forest. As he wandered there he heard the birch-tree
+lamenting, and Wainamoinen asked the tree why it was unhappy when it had
+such lovely silver leaves and tassels. To this the birch-tree replied:
+'Thou thinkest that I am always happy, and that my leaves and tassels
+must always be whispering joy. But, alas! I am so weak and feeble, and
+must always stand alone without a word of sympathy. Others rejoice at
+the coming of the spring, but I am robbed of bark and tassels and tender
+twigs, and am cut up for firewood, and then in the winter time the frost
+and the cold biting winds kill my young shoots and strip me of my silver
+leaves and leave me cold and naked.'
+
+While the birch-tree was speaking, Wainamoinen's face began to brighten,
+and he finally exclaimed: 'Weep no more, good birch-tree, for I will
+turn thy grief into joy and make thee sing the most marvellous songs.'
+Having said this he set to work to make a new kantele, taking birch-wood
+for the framework. At length the frame was all ready, but he did not
+know of what to make the pegs. Suddenly he came upon a great oak-tree on
+which grew golden-coloured acorns, and on each acorn sat a sacred
+cuckoo singing its melody. So Wainamoinen took a piece of the oak and
+made the pegs from it.
+
+But the harp was not yet finished, for the five strings were still
+lacking. Then Wainamoinen journeyed on through the forest, until at
+length he came to where a forest-maiden was sitting on a mound and
+singing, and her long golden hair was falling loose over her shoulders.
+So Wainamoinen went up to her and begged her to give him some of her
+golden tresses, from which to weave the five strings for the kantele.
+And the maiden willingly gave up a portion of her golden hair, and from
+it Wainamoinen wove five strings, and at last the second kantele was
+complete. Then Wainamoinen sat down upon a rock and placed the kantele
+upon his knees, and after putting all the strings in tune he began to
+play. The fairy music resounded over hill and dale, until at length the
+very mountains began to dance with delight, and the rocks were rent in
+sunder and floated on the surface of the ocean. The trees of the forest,
+too, laughed with joy and began to dance about like children. The young
+men and maidens rejoiced as they listened to the music, and the
+gray-haired men and women were amazed, while the babies tried to crawl
+to where the sweet sounds came from.
+
+The magic music resounded far and wide over Kalevala, and all the wild
+beasts of the forest fell upon their knees in wonder, while the birds
+perched upon the trees about him and accompanied the music with their
+singing. The fish left their homes beneath the waters and crowded to the
+shore to listen. And everything in nature, from earth and air and water,
+came to listen to the magic sweetness of Wainamoinen's playing.
+
+Three days and more he played unceasing; playing in the houses of his
+people until their very beams rejoiced, and wandering through the
+forest, where the trees all bent in homage to him and waved their
+branches to his music. Then over the meadows, still playing, until the
+very ferns and flowers laughed with delight and the bushes chimed in in
+unison with the magic music of the kantele.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'Oh! I'm so glad that he got another kantele,' cried little Mimi,
+delighted. 'And now what is coming next, Pappa Mikko?'
+
+'I shall tell you all of Louhi's attempt at revenge on the heroes who
+captured the Sampo,' he replied; 'and how they all failed, and then I
+shall wind up with the last story of all!'
+
+After having rested a while, the old man continued.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LOUHI ATTEMPTS REVENGE
+
+
+Louhi grew more and more angry and envious when she heard how prosperous
+and happy all the folk of Kalevala were, since the fragments of the
+Sampo had floated to their shore. So she pondered long in her evil
+heart, how she might send them sorrow and misfortune. Now just at that
+time the old witch Lowjatar, Tuoni's daughter, came to Louhi and asked
+for shelter from the storms and cold, and Louhi took her in and treated
+her like an honoured guest. And while Lowjatar was there, nine children
+were born to her, all horrible diseases, and she named them Colic,
+Fever, Plague, Pleurisy, Ulcer, Consumption, Gout, Sterility, and
+Cancer. And then Louhi's evil heart rejoiced, and she took the nine
+diseases and sent them into Kalevala, there to harass and kill
+Wainamoinen's people.
+
+And when the diseases came, every one in Kalevala, both young and old,
+fell ill of all sorts of illnesses, and Wainamoinen at first did not
+know whence all this evil had come. But soon by his magic power he
+learned that it came from the children of Tuoni's daughter, Lowjatar,
+and then he set to work to drive them away. First he took all those that
+were ill to the bath-houses, and then he brought buckets of water and
+heated blocks of stone until he had filled the whole room with warm
+steam. Then he prayed to Ukko to drive away all these diseases from
+them, and to send these evil spirits to Tuoni's kingdom, where they
+belonged.
+
+After Wainamoinen had prayed thus to Ukko, he took a magic balsam and
+rubbed it over all those that were ill, and sang magic spells over them,
+and then prayed once more to Ukko for success, and at length he drove
+out the nine diseases and saved his people from dying.
+
+When the nine diseases had been driven out of Kalevala, the news of
+Wainamoinen's victory over them came at length to the old witch Louhi,
+and she grew angrier than ever that her revenge had failed. But she
+pondered over what means of revenge she should try next, and at length
+she hit upon another plan. She went out into the forest and cast a magic
+spell upon the hugest bear in all the Northland--the great Otso[6]--and
+he hastened from his Pohjola home and began to kill the flocks and herds
+in Kalevala.
+
+[6] _Otso_ = bear.
+
+Then Wainamoinen hastened to Ilmarinen, and bade him make a
+triple-pointed spear with which to kill Otso. And when the spear was
+ready, Wainamoinen hastened off to the forest to find the bear, singing
+as he went, and calling upon the forest-god Tapio and his wife to grant
+him success in his hunt. He had not gone far before he heard his dog
+bark, and hurrying up to the spot he found Otso standing facing the dog
+and trying to snap him up, and before the bear perceived him,
+Wainamoinen was able to end Otso's life with a single thrust of his
+magic spear.
+
+When Otso was dead, Wainamoinen threw the body across his shoulder and
+hastened off home, singing songs of rejoicing as he went. And when he
+reached his house there was great rejoicing, and every one came out to
+welcome the dead bear, addressing it as if Otso were some honoured guest
+come to see them. First Wainamoinen sang a song of praise to the dead
+Otso, and bade his people welcome him with all due honour. And then the
+people answered with the most extravagant expressions of pleasure and
+welcome and admiration for Otso, and offered him all the best things in
+the house, and when all this ceremony was over they took off the fur and
+cut the body up ready for cooking, and prepared the steaks and joints to
+make a grand feast.
+
+At length the whole of the bear was cooked, and a great feast was spread
+in Wainamoinen's house on golden dishes, and with sparkling beer in
+copper beakers. And when all were seated at the table, Wainamoinen rose
+and sang the story of Otso's birth and life. And this is the story which
+he sang: 'Long ago a maiden walked in the ether on the edges of the
+clouds, and as she walked she threw down wool and hair upon the waters
+from two boxes that she carried. The wool and hair were floated in to
+the shore, and there Mielikki, wife of the forest-god, found them and
+joined the wool and hair together by magic spells. Then she laid the
+bundle in a birch-bark basket and bound it in the top of the lofty pine,
+and there the young bear was rocked into life.
+
+'Otso grew quickly and became graceful in his movements, although his
+feet were clumsy and his ankles crooked, his mouth large and forehead
+broad; but he still had no teeth or claws. Then Mielikki said: "I would
+give thee claws and teeth, Otso, but I fear that thou wilt use them to
+harm people with." But Otso fell on his knees and swore that he would
+never harm the good. So Mielikki took the hardest knots from all the
+trees to make him teeth and claws, but all of them were too weak. Then
+she went to a magic fir that grew in Tapio's kingdom, and which had
+silver branches and golden cones, and from these she made Otso's claws
+and teeth. Thus was Otso born and reared.'
+
+So they feasted and made merry, and when the feast was over they all
+tried to see which could pull out Otso's teeth and claws, in order to
+preserve them for their magic power. And of all the men there only the
+aged Wainamoinen could draw them out. When this was done, Wainamoinen
+called for his kantele and bade them light torches, as it was already
+dark. Then he sang sweet songs and played lovely music, so that the long
+evening passed away like magic, and he sang of the hunter's victory and
+prayed to Ukko always to give good fortune to the hunters of Kalevala.
+
+Thus were Louhi's two first attempts at revenge unsuccessful.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LOUHI STEALS THE SUN, THE MOON, AND FIRE
+
+
+When these two dangers were overcome, Wainamoinen played upon his
+kantele so sweetly that the Sun and Moon came down from their stations
+in the sky to listen to his music. But evil Louhi crept upon them
+unawares and made both Sun and Moon her captives, and carried them off
+to the dismal Northland, and there she hid them both in caverns in the
+mountains, that they might never again shine upon Kalevala. Next Louhi
+crept back to Kalevala and stole all the fire from the hearths, and left
+all their homes cold and cheerless. Then there was nothing but black
+night in the world, and great Ukko himself did not know what to do
+without the light of the Sun and Moon.
+
+Ukko wandered all over the clouds to find out what had become of the
+Sun and Moon, and at last he whirled his fire-sword round his head so
+that the lightning flashed over the whole sky. From this lightning he
+kindled a little fire, and putting it in a gold and silver cradle, he
+gave it to the Ether-maidens to rock and care for, until it grew into a
+second Sun. So the Fire-child was cared for tenderly, and he grew fast;
+but one day the maidens were not watching him closely, and he escaped
+from them, and bursting through the clouds with a noise like a
+thunder-clap, he shot across the heavens like a red fire-ball.
+
+Then Wainamoinen said to Ilmarinen: 'Come, let us see what this fire is
+that is fallen from the heavens.' And so they set out towards the spot
+where the ball of fire had seemed to fall. Soon they came to a wide
+river and set to work to make a magic boat to cross it, and in a very
+short time the boat was made, and they rowed over. On the other bank
+they were met by the oldest of the Ether-maidens, who asked them whither
+they were going.
+
+So they told her who they were, and that they had lost all fire and
+light in Kalevala, so that they were come to seek the fire that they had
+seen fall from the heavens. Then the Ether-maiden told them what had
+happened, saying: 'After the Fire-child had begun to grow, he escaped
+from us one day and bursting through the clouds he came down to
+Pohjola. There he killed youths and babes and old people, until he was
+driven away by a magic spell. He fled thence, burning fields and forests
+on his way, until at length he plunged into a great lake, and made the
+waters boil and rage. Then the fish held a council how to get rid of
+him, and it was decided that one of them must swallow him. First the
+salmon tried, but failed, and then the bold whiting made a dash and
+succeeded in swallowing the evil Fire-child. After this the waters of
+the lake grew quiet, and all went on as before.
+
+'But soon the whiting was seized with terrible pains and began to swim
+round in agony, begging for some one to kill him and put him out of his
+sufferings. For a long time he swam about unheeded, but at last a trout
+seized the whiting and swallowed him. For a while all was quiet again,
+but then the trout began to suffer in his turn. Still every fish was
+afraid to swallow him, until a pike darted up and ate up the trout. But
+then the pike was seized with the same pains, and he is now swimming
+about in great agony, but none will help him.'
+
+When the Ether-maiden had finished her account of what had happened,
+Wainamoinen and Ilmarinen wove a great net from seaweed, and hurrying to
+the lake they began to draw the net all through it in order to catch
+the Fire-fish. But the net was a poor one, and they failed to catch the
+pike that had swallowed the other fish and the Fire-child.
+
+Then the two magicians gave up their useless net, and, choosing an
+island near by, they resolved to plant flax that they might make a
+stronger and better net. They went to Tuoni's kingdom before they could
+find the proper seed, and found it there under the care of a tiny
+insect. When they had brought the seed from the Deathland, they planted
+it on the shore, in the ashes of a ship that had been burnt there, and
+in a single night the flax had grown up and ripened. Then they pulled
+it, and washed and dried and combed it, and took it to the Kalevala
+maidens to spin. Soon the spinning was done and the net was woven.
+
+So the two great heroes took the flaxen net and hastened back to the
+lake and began to drag for the Fire-fish. But they only caught common
+fish, and the pike remained hidden in the deep caverns. Then Wainamoinen
+made the net longer and wider and they tried again, but though they
+caught fish of every species, the Fire-fish was not amongst them.
+Wainamoinen then prayed to Ahto, god of the ocean, and his wife,
+Wellamo, that they would drive the Fire-fish into his nets. Scarcely
+had Wainamoinen finished speaking, when a little dwarf rose from the
+waters and offered to help them. They accepted the tiny man's aid, and
+while they drew their nets, the dwarf beat the waters with a magic pole
+and scared all the fish toward them. And as they drew, Wainamoinen sang
+a magic charm to bring the fish in still greater numbers.
+
+This time the net was full of pike, and they dragged it to the shore
+rejoicing, and among them they found the Fire-fish. So they threw the
+other fish back into the water, and Wainamoinen drew his knife and began
+to cut up the Fire-fish. Inside of the pike he found the trout, and
+inside of the trout the whiting, and on opening the whiting he came upon
+a ball of blue yarn. Wainamoinen quickly unwound the blue ball, and
+within that found a red ball, and when he had opened the red ball he
+came to the ball of fire in the middle.
+
+They pondered how they should get the fire to Kalevala, and at last
+Ilmarinen seized it in his hands to carry it off. But it singed
+Wainamoinen's beard and burned Ilmarinen's hands dreadfully, and then it
+jumped out of their reach and rolled off over field and forest, burning
+everything in its course. Wainamoinen hastened after it, and at length
+caught it hidden in a mass of punk-wood. Then he took it and put it,
+wood and all, in a copper box and hastened off home. Thus the fire
+returned to Kalevala.
+
+But Ilmarinen, suffering great agony from his burnt hands, hastened to
+the sea to lave them in the cool water. And he called up the ice and
+frost and snow to come and cool his parched hands, and, when all these
+proved insufficient, he called on great Ukko to send him some healing
+balm to take away the cruel torture. And Ukko granted his prayer and his
+hands were healed. Then Ilmarinen returned home and rejoiced to find
+that Wainamoinen had already brought the fire thither.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RESTORATION OF THE SUN AND MOON
+
+
+Though the Fire had been restored to Kalevala, still the golden Moon and
+the silver Sun were lost, and the frost came and killed the crops, and
+the cattle began to die of hunger. Every living thing felt sick and
+faint in the dark, dreary world. Then one of the maidens of Kalevala
+suggested to Ilmarinen to make a moon of gold and a sun of silver, and
+to hang them up in the heavens; so Ilmarinen set to work. While he was
+forging them, Wainamoinen came and asked what he was working at, and so
+Ilmarinen told him that he was going to make a new sun and moon. But
+Wainamoinen said: 'This is mere folly, for silver and gold will not
+shine like the sun and moon.' Still Ilmarinen worked on, and at length
+he had forged a moon of gold and a sun of silver, and hung them in
+their places in the sky. But they gave no light, as Wainamoinen had
+said.
+
+Then Wainamoinen determined to find out where the sun and moon had gone.
+So he cut three chips from an alder-tree, and laying them on the ground
+before him, he cast many magic spells over them. Then when all was
+ready, he asked the alder-chips to tell him truly where the sun and moon
+were hid. The alder-chips then answered, that they were hidden in the
+caverns of the mountains of Pohjola.
+
+No sooner had Wainamoinen heard this, than he made ready for a journey
+and started off for the dismal Northland. When he had travelled three
+days and was come to the borders of Pohjola, he found a wide river in
+the road and no boat to cross over in. So he built a huge fire on the
+shore, and soon such a dense column of smoke arose that Louhi sent some
+one to see what was the matter. But when Wainamoinen called to the
+messenger to bring him a boat, the man made no reply, but hurried back
+to Louhi and told her that it was Wainamoinen, who was coming to her
+house.
+
+Then Wainamoinen saw that he could never get across in that way, so he
+changed himself into a pike and swam over very easily, and then changed
+back to his own shape when he had reached the opposite shore. He
+hastened on with mighty strides, and soon reached Louhi's dwelling.
+There he was met as if he were a most honoured guest, and they invited
+him into the hall. Wainamoinen went in unsuspectingly, but no sooner was
+he inside than he found himself surrounded by crowds of armed warriors.
+
+The warriors asked him in a threatening tone why he had come thither.
+But Wainamoinen was not frightened, but answered boldly that he had come
+to seek the Sun and the Moon. Then the chief of the warriors replied:
+'We have the Sun and Moon safe in a mountain cavern, and thou shalt
+never get them back, nor shalt thou leave this hall alive.' No sooner
+had he finished speaking than Wainamoinen drew his magic sword, and fell
+upon those that stood between him and the door. They gave way before
+him, and in a moment he was out in the courtyard, where he could have
+room to fight fairly. All the warriors rushed at him with drawn swords
+and lifted spears, and the fire flashed from their weapons. But
+Wainamoinen was more than a match for all of them, and in a very short
+time he had stretched them all lifeless on the ground.
+
+Then he left the court and hastened on to find the Sun and Moon. Soon he
+came to a solitary birch-tree, and beside the tree stood a carved
+pillar of stone, which concealed an opening in the rocks. Wainamoinen
+gave three blows with his magic sword, and the pillar broke in pieces,
+showing behind it an entrance into the rock; but the entrance was shut
+by a massive door, and there was only a little crack through which he
+could peep. Inside he saw the Sun and Moon prisoners, but though he
+tried with all his strength and all his magic spells to open the door,
+it still remained tightly shut, and he could not budge it so much as an
+inch.
+
+Wainamoinen began to despair of ever succeeding in liberating the Sun
+and Moon, and he hastened off home to ask for Ilmarinen's help. He
+directed him to forge a whole set of skeleton-keys, so that some one of
+them would fit the lock of the door to the Sun's prison. Ilmarinen went
+to work and soon his anvil was ringing merrily to the blows of his
+hammer.
+
+Now Louhi had grown very much alarmed after Wainamoinen had slain all
+her warriors, and so she assumed the shape of an eagle and flew away to
+Kalevala to see what was going on there. She heard the merry ring of
+Ilmarinen's work and flew down and lit in the window of the smithy.
+There she asked what he was doing, and the cunning Ilmarinen replied: 'I
+am forging a collar of steel for the neck of evil Louhi, and with it I
+shall bind her fast to the rocks.'
+
+Louhi was terribly alarmed at this, so she flew off to Pohjola and
+released the Sun and Moon from prison immediately, and sent them up to
+their places in the heavens. Then the silver sunlight and the golden
+moonlight returned once more to Kalevala, and Ilmarinen, and
+Wainamoinen, and all the people offered up a prayer that they might
+never again be deprived of the blessed Sun and Moon.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'It would have served old Louhi right if Ilmarinen _had_ made a steel
+collar and put it round her neck,' said Mimi. 'But I'm so glad that
+Wainamoinen always got the best of it,' she added.
+
+'There was one time when he was defeated, however,' said Father Mikko,
+'and now I shall tell it you. It is the last story, and is about
+Wainamoinen's departure from Kalevala.' So he began.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+MARIATTA AND WAINAMOINEN'S DEPARTURE
+
+
+There lived a fair and lovely maiden in Kalevala, called Mariatta. She
+was the loveliest and purest of virgins, and tended her parents' flocks
+upon the mountain sides. Here one day, as she was watching the sheep,
+she heard a voice calling to her, and on looking round she found that it
+was a bright red berry calling to her, and asking her to pluck it.
+Mariatta did not know that this was a magic berry, so she picked it and
+put it to her lips to eat it. But the berry rolled from her lips down
+into her bosom, and said to her: 'Thou shalt have a son, and he shall
+become a mighty man and drive forth the old magician Wainamoinen.'
+
+Then Mariatta took the flocks home and was so silent and still that her
+parents noticed it and asked her what was the matter. So she told them
+what had happened, but they grew angry and would not keep her in their
+house, for they did not believe the story about the berry.
+
+Poor Mariatta was now obliged to wander about without a shelter from the
+cold winds. At length she sent a servant, who had remained faithful to
+her and had accompanied her, to a village of Pohjola to ask for shelter
+from an old man named Ruotus. The maid, Piltti, went to Ruotus and told
+him of Mariatta's hard lot, but Ruotus and his wife would not have her
+in their house, but only grudgingly consented to let her go to a stable
+in the forest, where the Fire-horse of Hisi was kept.
+
+So Mariatta was obliged to go to the stable in the dense forest far off
+from every human being, and there she begged the Hisi-horse to keep her
+warm by his fiery breath. The Hisi-horse was kinder to her than men had
+been, for he let her lie down comfortably in his manger, and kept her
+warm with his fiery breath. There the babe was born, and his mother grew
+happy once more, in spite of her sorrowful circumstances. But one night,
+while she slept, the babe disappeared, and the poor mother was
+overwhelmed with grief.
+
+Then she wandered forth and looked everywhere for him, but in vain. So
+she asked the North-star if he had seen her son. But the North-star
+answered: 'I would not tell thee even if I knew. For it is thy son who
+hath made me and set me here in the bitter cold.' And next Mariatta
+asked the Moon, and received the same answer as the North-star had
+given. Then she went to the Sun and asked him. And the Sun said: 'I know
+very well where thy son is hidden, for he made me and put me here to
+shine with my silver light. He lies sleeping yonder in the Swampland.'
+So Mariatta hastened to the spot that the Sun had pointed out and there
+found her babe sleeping peacefully in the water among the rushes.
+
+Then she returned with the babe to her father's house, and this time he
+received her and allowed her to live there in peace. And the child grew
+in beauty and wisdom, and his mother called him Flower, but others
+called him Son-of-Sorrow. Then his mother called in an old man,
+Wirokannas, to baptize the child, but Wirokannas said: 'First must some
+one see if the child shall become an honest man, or a wicked wizard, for
+if he be not honest I will not baptize him.'
+
+So Wainamoinen was called to examine the child--it was only two weeks
+old then--and see if it would grow up a noble man or not. Wainamoinen
+came and saw the child, and then said: 'Since this child is only a poor
+outcast, born in a manger, and having no father save a berry, let him be
+cast out on to the hillsides or into the marshes to perish.'
+
+But all at once the babe himself began to speak, saying: 'O aged
+Wainamoinen, foolish hero, thou hast given a false decision. Thou
+thyself hast done great wrongs, yet hast not been punished. Thou gavest
+thine own brother Ilmarinen to ransom thy poor life. Thou persecuted the
+lovely Aino so that she perished in the deep sea, yet thou wert not
+killed for all this.'
+
+Then Wirokannas saw that this was truly a magic babe, and he baptized
+him to become a mighty hero, and a ruler and king over Kalevala.
+
+Years passed by after this, and Wainamoinen felt his power gradually
+leaving him and going over to Mariatta's child. So the ancient hero,
+with a sad heart, sang his last magic spell in Kalevala, and made a
+magic boat of copper to sail away in. Then he cast loose from the shore
+and sailed off towards the west, singing as he went: 'Fare ye well, my
+people. Many suns shall rise and set on Kalevala until the people shall
+at length regret my absence and shall call upon me to come back with my
+magic songs and wisdom. Fare ye well.'
+
+Thus Wainamoinen, in his magic boat of copper, left Kalevala. On he
+sailed to the land of the setting sun, and at length he reached the
+haven and anchored his boat, never again to return to Kalevala. But the
+wondrous kantele and all his songs and wisdom remain among us to this
+day.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+'And now,' said Father Mikko, 'I have told you my last story--old
+Wainamoinen has left Kalevala and the rule of the Christ-child has
+begun. Under it our land has advanced and grown comfortable and
+happy--let us only pray that we may never be less so.'
+
+They were all silent for some time, and then all of them thanked Father
+Mikko heartily for the pleasure that he had given them. Soon after this
+they had supper and went to bed, and the next morning Father Mikko drove
+off in his sledge, the moonlight covering all the country with a flood
+of silver, and soon he had disappeared into the dark and silent
+fir-forest; but not before he had promised them all that he would stop
+there again next year if possible.
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, _Edinburgh_
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A
+SELECTED LIST
+OF
+JUVENILE BOOKS
+
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s._
+
+CHILDREN'S STORIES IN ENGLISH LITERATURE, from Shakespeare to Tennyson.
+By H. C. WRIGHT.
+
+  "A genial book."--_Speaker._
+
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s._
+
+BOYS' OWN STORIES. By ASCOTT R. HOPE. 3rd Edition. Eight Illustrations.
+
+  "The stories are well told."--_Pall Mall Gazette._
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s._
+
+ROYAL YOUTHS: A Book of Princehoods. By ASCOTT R. HOPE. Illustrated.
+
+"Well told and full of interest."--_National Observer._
+
+
+_Large crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 5s._
+
+ROBINSON CRUSOE. Newly Edited after the original Editions. 19 full-page
+Illustrations.
+
+  "Gives an account of Defoe which is very much to the
+  point."--_Spectator._
+
+
+_Imperial 16mo, cloth extra, gilt edges, 3s. 6d._
+
+DICK'S HOLIDAYS, and What He Did with Them. Illustrated. Cheaper
+Edition.
+
+  "A volume for which every budding botanist who gets it has
+  good reason to be thankful."--_Pall Mall Gazette._
+
+
+_Small 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 3s. 6d._
+
+WHEN MOTHER WAS LITTLE. By S. P. YORKE. 13 full-page Illustrations.
+
+  "In all respects an agreeable and well-written
+  story."--_Spectator._
+
+_8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 6s._
+
+TWO LITTLE CONFEDERATES. By THOMAS NELSON PAGE. Illustrated.
+
+  "A delightful book."--_Saturday Review._
+
+
+_Medium 4to, paper boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+DADDY JAKE, the Runaway, and Other Stories. By JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS
+("Uncle Remus"). Illustrated.
+
+  "A fresh and delightful addition to those quaint and
+  laughable tales which have made the author of 'Uncle Remus'
+  loved and fancied wherever the English tongue is
+  spoken."--_Observer._
+
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s._
+
+SIX GIRLS: A Home Story. By FANNIE B. IRVING. Illustrated.
+
+  "Its interest is well sustained from first to
+  last."--_Scotsman._
+
+
+_Square Imperial 16mo, cloth, 5s._
+
+IN THE TIME OF ROSES: A Tale of Two Summers. By FLORENCE SCANNELL. 32
+Illustrations.
+
+  'A very successful book.'--_Academy._
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, bevelled boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+ALEXIS AND HIS FLOWERS. By BEATRIX CRESSWELL. Illustrated.
+
+  "The book is a very pleasant one--a nosegay of everlasting
+  blooms of fancy."--_Academy._
+
+
+_Square 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d._
+
+THE PRINCE OF THE HUNDRED SOUPS. By VERNON LEE. Illustrated.
+
+  "I devoured it from cover to cover with a new
+  zest."--_Truth._
+
+
+_Imperial 16mo, cloth, 3s. 6d._
+
+THE BIRD'S NEST, and Other Sermons for Children of all ages. By Rev. S.
+COX, D.D. 3rd Edition.
+
+  "Real honest preaching made fascinating and instructive by
+  an exquisite literary style."--_Methodist Times._
+
+
+_Small crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d._
+
+EVERY-DAY MIRACLES. By BEDFORD POLLARD. Illustrated.
+
+  "A work worthy of the highest praise."--_Graphic._
+
+
+_Imperial 16mo, cloth gilt, gilt edges, 3s. 6d._
+
+FAIRY TALES FROM BRENTANO. Told in English by KATE F. KROEKER. 3rd
+Edition.
+
+  "Welcome in the nursery. The translation has been very
+  cleverly accomplished."--_Academy._
+
+_Illustrated paper boards, 5s.; cloth, gilt edges, 6s._
+
+NEW FAIRY TALES FROM BRENTANO. By KATE F. KROEKER. 8 coloured
+Illustrations.
+
+  "I read the book with edification and delight."--_Truth._
+
+
+_Medium 4to, paper boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+THE BROWNIES: Their Book. By PALMER COX. 4th Edition. Illustrated.
+
+  "The Brownies are such prime favourites."--_Guardian._
+
+
+_Medium 4to, cloth, 6s._
+
+ANOTHER BROWNIE BOOK. By PALMER COX. Illustrated.
+
+  "The illustrations are perhaps even more mirthful than the
+  letterpress, but both are admirable."--_Morning Post._
+
+
+_4to, bevelled boards, 3s. 6d._
+
+MARJORIE AND HER PAPA: How they wrote a Story and made Pictures for it.
+A Book for Children.
+
+  "Altogether a book to be desired by and for
+  children."--_Spectator._
+
+
+
+
+"_The best of all children's Magazines._"
+
+SPECTATOR.
+
+_St. Nicholas For Young Folks._
+
+CONDUCTED BY
+MARY MAPES DODGE
+
+Price 1s. monthly.
+
+SUITABLE FOR
+
+CHILDREN OF BOTH SEXES,
+CHILDREN OF ALL AGES, and
+CHILDREN OF ALL SIZES.
+
+Each Part contains 80 pp. of interesting matter, illustrated by about 50
+high-class Engravings.
+
+_The Half-yearly Volumes, price 8s. each, are handsomely bound in red
+cloth, gilt._
+
+LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN,
+PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C.
+
++--------------------Transcriber's Note-----------------------+
+|                                                             |
+| Minor punctuation and printing errors have been corrected.  |
+|                                                             |
+| Spelling and hyphenation corrections:                       |
+|                                                             |
+| Page xiii     Wuvksi replaced with Wuoksi                   |
+| Page xv       pronunced changed to pronounced               |
+| Page 191      alway changed to always                       |
+|                                                             |
+| 1 occurrence of sheepskin changed to sheep-skin             |
+| 1 occurrence of bearksins changed to bear-skins             |
+| 1 occurrence of bluebirds changed to blue-birds             |
+| 1 occurrence of sea-weed changed to seaweed                 |
+| 1 occurrence of sea-shore changed to seashore               |
+| 1 occurrence of sea-gull changed to seagull                 |
+| 1 occurrence of snowshoes changed to snow-shoe              |
+|                                                             |
++-------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Finnish Legends for English Children, by R. Eivind
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