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diff --git a/23680.txt b/23680.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e820367 --- /dev/null +++ b/23680.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2048 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sex, by Henry Stanton + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Sex + Avoided subjects Discussed in Plain English + +Author: Henry Stanton + +Release Date: December 2, 2007 [EBook #23680] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEX *** + + + + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + + + + + SEX + + AVOIDED SUBJECTS DISCUSSED IN PLAIN ENGLISH + + _By_ + + HENRY STANTON + + [Illustration] + + SOCIAL CULTURE PUBLICATIONS + 151 FIFTH AVENUE . NEW YORK + + Copyright, 1922 + SOCIAL CULTURE PUBLICATIONS + MANUFACTURED IN U. S. A. + + + + + CONTENTS + + + PAGE + + I. SEX 5 + + II. THE TRANSITION FROM CELL TO HUMAN BEING 12 + + III. SEX IN MALE CHILDHOOD 20 + + IV. SEX IN FEMALE CHILDHOOD 26 + + V. SEX IN THE ADOLESCENT MALE 30 + + VI. SEX IN THE ADOLESCENT FEMALE 35 + + VII. SEX IN THE MARRIAGE RELATION (THE HUSBAND) 43 + +VIII. SEX IN THE MARRIAGE RELATION (THE WIFE) 45 + + IX. SEX DISEASES 53 + + X. LOVE AND SEX 57 + + + + + CHAPTER I + + SEX + + +The happiness of all human beings, men and women, depends largely on +their rational solution of the sexual problem. Sex and the part it +plays in human life cannot be ignored. In the case of animals sex +plays a simpler and less complex role. It is a purely natural and +instinctive function whose underlying purpose is the perpetuation of +the species. It is not complicated by the many incidental phenomena +which result, in man's case, from psychologic, economic, moral and +religious causes. Climate, social conditions, individual modes of life +and work, alcohol, wealth and poverty, and other factors affect sexual +activity in human beings. + +Sexual love, which is practically unknown to the animals, is a special +development of the sex urge in the human soul. The deeper purpose of +the sex function in human beings, likewise, is procreation, the +reproduction of species. + +The average man, woman and child should know the essential sex facts +in order to be able to deal with the sex problems of life. Of late +years there has been a greater diffusion of such knowledge. To a large +extent, however, children and adolescents are still taught to look on +all that pertains to sex as something shameful and immodest, something +not to be discussed. Sex is an "Avoided Subject." + +This is fundamentally wrong. Sex affects the very root of all human +life. Its activities are not obscene, but Nature's own means to +certain legitimate ends. The sex functions, when properly controlled +and led into the proper channels, are a most essential and legitimate +form of physical self-expression. The veil of secrecy with which they +are so often shrouded tends to create an altogether false impression +regarding them. This discussion of these "Avoided Subjects," in "Plain +English," is intended to give the salient facts regarding sex in a +direct, straightforward manner, bearing in mind the true purpose of +normal sex activities. + +The more we know of the facts of sex, the right and normal part sex +activities play in life, and all that tends to abuse and degrade them, +the better able we will be to make sex a factor for happiness in our +own lives and that of our descendants. Mankind, for its own general +good, must desire that reproduction--the real purpose of every sexual +function--occur in such a way as to perpetuate its own best physical +and mental qualities. + + + THE LAW OF PHYSICAL LIFE + +It is a universal rule of physical life that every individual being +undergoes a development which we know as its individual life and +which, so far as its physical substance is concerned, ends with death. +Death is the destruction of the greater part of this individual +organism which, when death ensues, once more becomes lifeless matter. +Only small portions of this matter, the germ cells, continue to live +under certain conditions which nature has fixed. + +The germ cell--as has been established by the microscope--is the tiny +cell which in the lowest living organisms as well as in man himself, +forms the unit of physical development. Yet even this tiny cell is +already a highly organized and perfected thing. It is composed of the +most widely differing elements which, taken together, form the +so-called protoplasm or cellular substance. And for all life +established in nature the cell remains the constant and unchanging +form element. It comprises the cell-protoplasm and a nucleus imbedded +in it whose substance is known as the nucleoplasm. The nucleus is the +more important of the two and, so to say, governs the life of the +cell-protoplasm. + +The lower one-celled organisms in nature increase by division, just as +do the individual cells of a more highly organized, many-celled order +of living beings. And in all cases, though death or destruction of the +cells is synonymous with the death or destruction of the living +organism, the latter in most cases already has recreated itself by +reproduction. + +We will not go into the very complicated details of the actual process +of the growth and division of the protoplasmic cells. It is enough to +say that in the case of living creatures provided with more +complicated organisms, such as the higher plants, animals and man, the +little cell units divide and grow as they do in the case of the lower +organisms. The fact is one which shows the intimate inner relationship +of all living beings. + + + THE LADDER OF ORGANIC ASCENT + +As we mount the ascending ladder of plant and animal life the +unit-cell of the lower organisms is replaced by a great number of +individual cells, which have grown together to form a completed whole. +In this complete whole the cells, in accordance with the specific +purpose for which they are intended, all have a different form and a +different chemical composition. Thus it is that in the case of the +plants leaves, flowers, buds, bark, branches and stems are formed, and +in that of animals skin, intestines, glands, blood, muscles, nerves, +brain and the organs of sense. In spite of the complicated nature of +numerous organisms we find that many of them still possess the power +of reproducing themselves by division or a process of "budding." In +the case of certain plants and animals, cell-groups grow together into +a so-called "bud," which later detaches itself from the parent body +and forms a new individual living organism, as in the case of the +polyps or the tubers in plant life. + +A tree, for instance, may be grown from a graft which has been cut off +and planted in the ground. And ants and bees which have not been +fecundated are quite capable of laying eggs out of which develop +perfect, well-formed descendants. This last process is called +parthenogenesis. It is a process, however, which if carried on through +several generations, ends in deterioration and degeneracy. In the case +of the higher animals, vertebrates and man, such reproduction is an +impossibility. + +These higher types of animal life have been provided by nature with +special organs of reproduction and reproductive glands whose +secretions, when they are projected from the body under certain +conditions, reproduce themselves, and increase and develop in such +wise that the living organism from which they proceed is reproduced in +practically its identical form. Thus it perpetuates the original type. +Philosophically it may be said that these cells directly continue the +life of the parents, so that death in reality only destroys a part of +the individual. Every individual lives again in his offspring. + + + THE TRUE MISSION OF SEX + +This rebirth of the individual in his descendants represents the true +mission of sex where the human being is concerned. And reproduction, +the perpetuation of the species, underlies all rightful and normal sex +functions and activities. The actual physical process of reproduction, +the details which initiate reproduction in the case of the human +being, it seems unnecessary here to describe. In the animal world, +into which the moral equation does not really enter, the facts of +conjugation represent a simple and natural working-out of functional +bodily laws, usually with a seasonal determination. But where man is +concerned these facts are so largely made to serve the purposes of +pruriency, so exploited to inflame the imagination in an undesirable +and directly harmful way that they can be approached only with the +utmost caution. + +The intimate fact knowledge necessary in this connection is of a +peculiarly personal and sacred nature, and represents information +which is better communicated by the spoken than by the printed word. +The wise father and mother are those naturally indicated to convey +this information to their sons and daughters by word of mouth. By +analogy, by fuller development and description of the reproductive +processes of plant and animal life on which we have touched, the +matter of human procreation may be approached. Parents should stress +the point, when trying to present this subject to the youthful mind, +that man's special functions are only a detail--albeit a most +important one--in nature's vast plan for the propagation of life on +earth. This will have the advantage of correcting a trend on the part +of the imaginative boy or girl to lay too much stress on the part +humanity plays in this great general reproductive scheme. It will lay +weight on the fact that the functional workings of reproduction are +not, primarily, a source of pleasure, but that--when safeguarded by +the institution of matrimony, on which civilized social life is +based--they stand for the observance of solemn duties and obligations, +duties to church and state, and obligations to posterity. Hence, +parents, in talking to their children about these matters should do so +in a sober and instructive fashion. The attention of a mother, +perhaps, need not be called to this. But fathers may be inclined, in +many cases, to inform their sons without insisting that the +information they give them is, in the final analysis, intended to be +applied to lofty constructive purposes. They may, in their desire to +speak _practically_, forget the moral values which should underlie +this intimate information. Never should the spirit of levity intrude +itself in these intimate personal sex colloquies. Restraint and +decency should always mark them. + +In making clear to the mind of youth the fact data which initiates and +governs reproduction in animal and in human life, the ideal to be +cultivated is continence, the refraining from all experimentation +undertaken in a spirit of curiosity, until such time as a well-placed +affection, sanctioned by the divine blessing, will justify a sane and +normal exploitation of physical needs and urges in the matrimonial +state. To this end hard bodily and mental work should be encouraged in +the youth of both sexes. "Satan finds work for idle hands to do," has +special application in this connection, and a chaste and continent +youth is usually the forerunner of a happy and contented marriage. And +incidentally, a happy marriage is the best guarantee that +reproduction, the carrying on of the species, will be morally and +physically a success. Here, too, the fact should be strongly stressed +that prostitution cannot be justified on any moral grounds. It +represents a deliberate ignoring of the rightful function of sex, and +the perversion of the sane and natural laws of reproduction. It is in +marriage, in the sane and normal activities of that unit of our whole +social system--the family--that reproduction develops nature's basic +principle of perpetuation in the highest and worthiest manner, in +obedience to laws humane and divine. + + + + + CHAPTER II + + THE TRANSITION FROM CELL TO HUMAN BEING + + +In the functional processes alluded to in the preceding chapter, the +male germ-cell and the female germ-cell unite in a practically equal +division of substance. We say "practically" because the maternal and +the paternal influences are not equally divided in the offspring. One +or the other usually predominates. But, as a general rule, it may be +said that in the development of the embryonal life the process of cell +division proceeds in such a way that every germ of the child's future +organism represents approximately one-half maternal and one-half +paternal substance and energy. + +In this process lies the true secret of heredity. The inherited +energies retain their full measure of power, and all their original +quality in the growing and dividing chromosomes (the chromosome is one +of the segments into which the chromoplasmic filaments of a +cell-nucleus break up just before indirect division). On the other +hand, the egg-substance of the female germ-cell, which is assimilated +by the chromosomes, and which is turned into _their_ substance by the +process of organic chemistry, loses its specific plastic vital energy +completely. It is in the same way that food eaten by the adult has +absolutely no effect on his qualitative organic structure. We may eat +ever so many beef-steaks without acquiring any of the characteristics +of an ox. And the germ-cell may devour any amount of egg-protoplasma +without losing its original paternal energy. As a rule a child +inherits as many qualities from its mother as from its father. + + + DETERMINATION OF SEX + +Sex is determined after conception has taken place. At an early stage +of the embryo certain cells are set apart. These, later, form the sex +glands. Modern research claims to have discovered the secret of +absolutely determining sex in the human embryo, but even if these +claims are valid they have not as yet met with any general +application. + + + EARLY DEVELOPMENT + +Some twelve days after conception, the female ovule or egg, which has +been impregnated by the male spermatazooen, escapes from the ovary +where it was impregnated, and entering a tube (Fallopian) gradually +descends by means of it into the cavity of the womb or uterus. Here +the little germ begins to mature in order to develop into an exact +counterpart of its parents. In the human being the womb has only a +single cavity, and usually develops but a single embryo. + + + TWINS + +Sometimes two ovules are matured at the same time. If fecundated, two +embryos instead of one will develop, producing twins. Triplets and +quadruplets, the results of the maturing of three or four ovules at +the same time, occur more rarely. As many as five children have been +born alive at a single birth, but have seldom lived for more than a +few minutes. + + + GESTATION + +The development of the ovule in the womb is known as gestation or +pregnancy. The process is one of continued cell division and growth, +and while it goes on the ovule sticks to the inner wall of the womb. +There it is soon enveloped by a mucous membrane, which grows around it +and incloses it. + + + THE EMBRYO + +The _Primitive Trace_, a delicate straight line appearing on the +surface of the growing layer of cells is the base of the embryonic +spinal column. Around this the whole embryo develops in an intricate +process of cell division and duplication. One end of the Primitive +Trace becomes the head, the other the tail, for every human being has +a tail at this stage of his existence. The neck is marked by a slight +depression; the body by a swollen center. Soon little buds or "pads" +appear in the proper positions. These represent arms and legs, whose +ends, finally, split up into fingers and toes. The embryonic human +being has been steadily increasing in size, meanwhile. By the fifth +week the heart and lungs are present in a rudimentary form, and ears +and face are distinctly outlined. During the seventh week the kidneys +are formed, and a little later the genital organs. At two months, +though sex is not determined as yet, eyes and nose are visible, the +mouth is gaping, and the skin can be distinguished. At ten weeks the +sexual organs form more definitely, and in the third month sex can be +definitely determined. + + + THE FOETUS + +At the end of its fourth month the embryo--now four or five inches +long and weighing about an ounce--is promoted. It receives the name of +foetus. Hairs appear on the scalp, the eyes are provided with lids, +the tongue appears far back in the mouth. The movements of the foetus +are plainly felt by the mother. If born at this time it lives but a +few minutes. It continues to gain rapidly in weight. By the sixth +month the nails are solid, the liver large and red, and there is fluid +in the gall bladder. The seventh month finds the foetus from twelve +and a half to fourteen inches long, and weighing about fifty-five +ounces. It is now well proportioned, the bones of the cranium, +formerly flat, are arched. All its parts are well defined, and it can +live if born. By the end of the eighth month the foetus has thickened +out. Its skin is red and covered by a delicate down; the lower jaw has +grown to the same length as the upper one. The convolutions of the +brain structure also appear during this month. + + + PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD + +During gestation the unborn infant has been supplied with air and +nourishment by the mother. An organ called the _Placenta_, a spongy +growth of blood vessels, develops on the inner point of the womb. To +this organ the growing foetus is moored by a species of cable, the +_Umbilical Cord_. This cord, also made up mainly of blood vessels, +carries the blood of the foetus to and from the _Placenta_, absorbing +it through the thin walls which separate it from the mother's blood. +Only through her blood can the mother influence the child, since the +Umbilical Cord contains no nerves. The Umbilical Cord, attached to the +body of the child at the navel, is cut at birth, and with the Placenta +is expelled from the womb soon after the child has been born. Together +with the Placenta it forms a shapeless mass, familiarly known as the +"afterbirth," and when it is retained instead of being expelled is apt +to cause serious trouble. + + + CHILDBIRTH OR PARTURITION + +At nine month's time the foetus is violently thrust from that +laboratory of nature in which it has formed. It is born, and comes +into the world as a child. Considering the ordinary size of the +generative passages, the expelling of the foetus from the womb would +seem impossible. But Nature, during those months in which she enlarged +the womb to hold its gradually increasing contents, has also increased +the generative passages in size. She has made them soft and +distensible, so that an apparent physical impossibility could take +place, though it is often accompanied by intense suffering. Modern +medical science has made childbirth easier, but the act of childbirth +is usually accompanied by more or less suffering. Excessive pain, +however, is often the result of causes which proper treatment can +remove before and at the time of confinement. + + + TWILIGHT SLEEP + +The so-called "Twilight Sleep," a modern development, by which the +pangs of childbirth are obviated by the administration of drugs or by +hypnotic suggestion, has its opponents and defenders. The advantage of +a painless childbirth, upon which the mother can look back as on a +dream, is evident. The "Twilight Sleep" process has been used with the +happiest results both for parent and child. Opponents of this system +declare that the use of powerful drugs may injure the child. A method +commended is the administration of a mixture of laughing gas and +oxygen, which relieves the mother and does not affect the child. + + + THE NEW-BORN INFANT + +The average weight of the new-born child is about seven and a half +pounds. It is insensitive to pain for the first few days, and seems +deaf (since its middle ears are filled with a thick mucus) for the +first two weeks. During the first few days, too, it does not seem able +to see. The first month of its existence is purely automatic. +Evidences of dawning intelligence appear in the second month and at +four months it will recognize mother or nurse. Muscularly it is poorly +developed. Not until two months old is it able to hold up its head, +and not until three months does voluntary muscular movement put in an +appearance. The new-born's first self-conscious act is to draw breath. +Deprived of its usual means of supply it must breathe or suffocate. +Its next is to suck milk, lest it starve. + + + HEREDITY + +We often find children who offer a striking resemblance to a paternal +grandfather, a maternal aunt or a maternal great-grandmother. This is +known as atavism. There are many curious variations with regard to the +inheritance of ancestral traits. Some children show a remarkable +resemblance to their fathers in childhood, others to their mothers. +And many qualities of certain individual ancestors appear quite +suddenly late in life. Everything may be inherited, from the most +delicate shadings of the disposition, the intelligence and the will +power, to the least details of hair, nails and bone structure, etc. +And the combination of the qualities of one's ancestors in heredity is +so manifold and so unequal that it is extremely difficult to arrive at +fixed conclusions regarding it. Hereditary traits and tendencies are +developed out of the energies of the original conjugated germ-cells +throughout life, up to the very day of death. Even aged men often show +peculiarities in the evening of their life which may be clearly +recognized as inherited, and duplicating others shown by their +forbears at the same period of life. + +As has already been mentioned every individual inherits, generally +speaking, as much from his paternal as from his maternal progenitors. +This in spite of the fact that the tiny paternal germ-cell is the +only medium of transmission of the paternal qualities, while the +mother furnishes the much larger egg-cell, and feeds him throughout +the embryonic period. + + + THE ENGRAM + +An interesting theory maintains that the external impressions made +upon an organism which reacts to them and receives them, might be +called _engrams_ or "inscriptions." Thus the impression of some object +we have seen or touched (let us say we have seen a lion) may remain +engraved on our mind as an impression. Hence every memory picture is +one of engrams, whether the impression is a conscious one or an +unconscious one. According to this same theory the reawakening of an +older impression is an _ecphory_. Some new stimulation may thus +ecphorate an old engram. Now the entire embryonal development of the +human child is in reality no more than a continuous process of +ecphoration of old engrams, one after another. And the entire complex +of our living human organism is made up entirely of these +energy-complexes engraved on our consciousness or subconsciousness. +The sum total of all these engrams, in a living human being, according +to the theory advanced, is given the name of _mnema_. That which the +child receives in the way of energies contained in the germ-cells from +its ancestors is his hereditary _mnema_. And that which he acquires in +the course of his own individual life is his acquired or individual +_mnema_. + + + + + CHAPTER III + + SEX IN MALE CHILDHOOD + + (FROM 14 TO 16) + + +During the first years of child life all those laws of practical +hygiene which make for good health should be carefully observed. Every +organ of the body should be carefully protected, even at this early +age. The genital organs, especially, should not be rubbed or handled +under any pretext, beyond what is absolutely necessary for +cleanliness. The organs of generation, which we are apt to treat as +nonexistent in children, just because they are children, claim just as +much watchful care as any others. + + + SEX PRECAUTIONS IN INFANCY + +Even in infancy, the diaper should fit easily about the organs which +it covers, so as not to give rise to undue friction or heating of the +parts. And for the same reason it should always be changed immediately +after urination or a movement of the bowels. No material which +prevents the escape of perspiration, urine or fecal matter should be +employed for a diaper. The use of a chair-commode as early as the end +of the first year is highly to be commended, as being more comfortable +for the sex organs and healthier for the child. It favors, in +particular, a more perfect development of limbs and hip joints. + + + EARLY SEX IMPRESSIONS + +Sex impressions and reactions are apt to develop at an early age, +especially in the case of boys. If the child's physical health is +normal, however, they should not affect his mind or body. The growing +boy should be encouraged to take his sex questions and sex problems to +his parents (in his case preferably the father) for explanation. Thus +they may be made clear to him naturally and logically. He should not +be told what he soon discovers is not true: that babies are "dug up +with a silver spade," or make their appearances in the family thanks +to the kind offices of storks or angels. Instead, by analogy with the +reproductive processes of all nature, the true facts of sex may be +explained to him in a soothing and normal way. + + + EVIL COMMUNICATIONS + +Too often, the growing boy receives his first lessons regarding sex +from ignorant and vicious associates. Curiosity is one of the greatest +natural factors in the child's proper development, if rightly +directed. When wrongly led, however, it may have the worst +consequences. Even before puberty occurs, a boy's attention may be +quite naturally drawn to his own sex organs. + + + NATURAL CAUSES OF INFANT SEXUAL PRECOCITY + +Sexual precocity in boys may be natural or it may be artificially +called forth. Among natural causes which develop sex precocity is +promiscuous playing with other boys and girls for hours without +supervision. It may also be produced by playful repose on the stomach, +sliding down banisters, going too long without urinating, by +constipation or straining at stool, irritant cutaneous affections, and +rectal worms. Sliding down banisters, for instance, produces a +titillation. The act may be repeated until inveterate masturbation +results, even at an early age. Needless laving, handling and rubbing +of the private parts is another natural incitement to sexual +precocity. + + + PRIAPISM + +_Priapism_ is a disease which boys often develop. It may be either a +result or a cause of sexual precocity, and may come from undue +handling of the genital parts or from a morbid state of health. It +takes the form of paroxysms, more or less frequent, and of violent and +often painful erection, calling for a physician's attention. If the +result of a functional disorder, and not arrested, it is in danger of +giving rise to masturbation. This morbid condition sometimes seriously +impairs the health. + + + MASTURBATION + +_Masturbation_, the habit of self-abuse, often formed before puberty, +is an artificial development of sexual precocity. Most boys, from the +age of nine to fourteen, interest themselves in sex questions and +matters, but these are usually presented to them in a lewd and +improper manner, by improperly informed companions. Dwelling upon +these thoughts the boy is led to play with his sex organs in secret +and masturbation results. A secret vice of the most dangerous kind, +masturbation or self-pollution is often taught by older boys and takes +place, to quote an authority "in many of our colleges, boarding, +public and private schools," and is also indulged in by companions +beneath the home roof. If it becomes habitual, generally impaired +health, and often epilepsy, and total moral and physical degradation +results. Stains on the nightshirt or sheet occurring before puberty +are absolute evidence of the vice in boys. + + + WHAT FATHERS SHOULD DO FOR THEIR BOYS + +Make sex facts clear to your boy as interesting, matter-of-fact +developments of general natural laws. Ungratified or improperly +gratified curiosity is what leads to a young boy's overemphasizing the +facts of sex as they apply to him. Make him your confidant. Teach him +to think cleanly and to act cleanly, neither to ignore nor to exalt +the sexual. Especially, when he himself is directly disturbed +sexually, either in a mental or physical way, let him feel that he can +apply to you naturally for relief and explanation. If this be done, +your boy's sex development before puberty will be natural and normal, +and when the more serious and difficult problems of adolescence +present themselves, he will be prepared to handle them on the basis of +right thinking and right living. Natural and healthy sport in the open +air, and the avoidance of foul language and indecency should be +stressed. The use of alcohol, coffee and tea by children tends to +weaken their sexual organs. Every boy should know that chastity means +continence. He should know that lascivious thoughts lead to lascivious +actions, and that these are a drain on his system which may spoil his +life in later years. + +In the education of his children the average man is only too apt to +repeat the same mistake of unconsciously crediting the child with the +possession of his own feelings and his own outlook, that is the +feelings and outlook of the adult. In general, things which may make +an impression in a sex way on the adult are a matter of indifference +to the sexually unripe boy. Hence it is quite possible for a father to +discuss sex matters with his young son and inform him constructively, +without in any undue way rousing his sex curiosity or awakening +desire. Such talks, of course, should be in accordance with the +principles already laid down in the section on "Reproduction." + +If a boy is accustomed and taught to regard sex conditions and matters +in a proper and innocent manner, as something perfectly natural, +improper curiosity and eroticism are far less likely to be aroused +than when this is not the case. For the whole subject will have lost +the dangerous attraction of novelty. On the other hand, we find boys +who have been brought up with great prudery and in complete ignorance +of sex matters (save that which may come to them from impure sources) +greatly excited and ashamed by the first appearance of the indications +of puberty. Secrecy is the enemy of a clean, normal conception on the +part of the child as to the right place sex and the sex function play +in life and in the world. It stands to reason, of course, that every +least detail of the sex question cannot be intelligently made clear to +a little child. But his questions should all be answered, honestly, +and with due regard for his age and his capacity to understand what is +explained to him. + +One very great advantage of an early paternal explanation of sex +matters to the boy is its beneficial effect on the mind and the +nerves. Many boys brood or grow melancholy when confronted with sex +riddles and problems for which they are unable to find a solution; and +as the result of totally erroneous ideas they may have formed with +regard to sex matters. At the same time too much attention should not +be paid the discussion of sex questions between father and son. A +father should, so far as possible, endeavor to develop other interests +and preoccupations in his boy, and turn his mind as much as may be +_away_ from matters sexual, until the age when the youth is ripe for +marriage is reached. + + + + + CHAPTER IV + + SEX IN FEMALE CHILDHOOD + + (FROM 12 TO 14) + + +What has been said in general about practical observance of the laws +of sex hygiene in the preceding chapter for boys, applies to girls as +well. If anything the sex precautions taken in infancy should be even +more closely followed, as girls are by nature less robust than boys. +If children could be raised in entire accordance with natural laws, +the sexual instinct of girls as well as boys would probably remain +dormant during the period stretching from infancy to puberty. As in +the case of the boy, so in that of the girl, any manifestation of +sexual precocity should be investigated, to see whether it be due to +natural or artificial causes. In either case the proper remedies +should be applied. + + + SEX PRECOCITY IN GIRLS + +There are cases of extraordinary sex precocity in girls. One case +reported in the United States was that of a female child who at birth +possessed all the characteristics usually developed at puberty. In +this case the natural periodical changes began at birth! Fortunately, +this is a case more or less unique. In little girls and boys undue +sexual handling or titillating of their genital organs tends to quiet +them, so nurses (let us hope in ignorance of the consequences!) often +resort to it. Sending children to bed very early, to "get rid of +them," or confining them in a room by themselves, tends to encourage +the development of vicious habits. A single bed, both in the school +and in the home, is indispensable to purity of morals and personal +cleanliness. It tends to restrain too early development of the sexual +instinct both in small girls and small boys. + + + SEXUAL SELF-ABUSE IN GIRLS + +Small girls, like small boys, display an intelligent curiosity as +regards the phenomena of sex at an early age. And what has already +been said regarding its improper gratification in the preceding +chapter, so far as boys are concerned, applies with equal force to +them. In their case, however, the mother is a girl's natural confidant +and friend. Self-abuse in one or another form is as common in the case +of the girl as in that of the boy. As a rule, girls who live an +outdoor life, and work with their muscles more than their mind, do not +develop undue precocious sexual curiosities or desires. At least they +do not do so to the same extent as those more nervously and +susceptibly constituted. The less delicate and sensitive children of +the country tend less to these habits than their more sensitively +organized city brothers and sisters. Girls who have formed vicious +habits are apt to indulge in the practice of self-abuse at night when +going to bed. If there is cause for suspicion, the bedclothes should +be quickly and suddenly thrown off under some pretense. Self-abuse +usually has a marked effect on the genital organs of girls. The inner +organs become unnaturally enlarged and distended, and _leucorrhea_, +catarrh of the vagina, attended by a discharge of greenish-white +mucus, often develops. + + + RESULTS OF SELF-ABUSE IN GIRLS + +Local diseases, due to this cause, result in girls as well as boys. +Temporary congestions become permanent, and develop into permanent +irritations and disorders. Leucorrhea has already been mentioned. +Contact with the acrid, irritating internal secretions also causes +_soreness of the fingers at the root of the nails_, and warts. +Congestion and other diseases are other ultimate results of the habit; +and these congestions to which it gives rise unduly hasten the advent +of puberty. Any _decided enlargement of the labia and clitoris in a +young girl_ may be taken as a positive evidence of the existence of +the habit of self-abuse. Sterility, and atrophy of the breasts--their +deficient development--when the vice is begun before puberty, is +another result. + + + PRURITIS AND FEMININE NOCTURNAL EMISSIONS + +_Pruritis_ (itching genitals), though not necessarily caused by +self-abuse, may be one of its consequences. Continued congestion +causes the genital parts to itch terribly. This itching increases +until the desire to manipulate the genitals becomes irresistible. It +will then be indulged in even in the presence of strangers, though the +girl in question at other times may be exceptionally modest. Girls +addicted to the vice also suffer from nocturnal emissions. The general +effect of self-abuse is much the same in the case of a girl as in that +of a boy, for leucorrhea is injurious in somewhat the same fashion as +seminal loss. In the case of girls the greatest injury, however, is +due to the nervous exhaustion which succeeds the unnatural excitement. + + + WHAT MOTHERS SHOULD DO FOR THEIR GIRLS + +A healthy girl should be happy and comfortable in all respects. She +will not be so, especially with regard to her sex problems, unless she +can appeal to her mother as a friend and confidant. While keeping your +girl's mind pure and healthy by precept and example, do not forget +that the best way to protect her against evil influences and +communications is to tell her the exact truth about sex facts, as they +apply to her, just as the father should his boy. Keep your girl fully +occupied and do not leave her sex education to the evil winds of +chance. + +Let sex knowledge take its place as a proper, necessary part of her +general education. If your daughter feels she can at all times talk +freely to you all will be well. Gratify her natural sex curiosity in a +natural way. See that _immediate_ medical attention is given +inflammations, excoriations, itchings and swellings of her genital +organs. Such conditions will lead her to rub and scratch these +parts--never to be touched--for relief. If, as a result of the +sensations experienced, masturbation results, _yours is the sin_. + + + + + CHAPTER V + + SEX IN THE ADOLESCENT MALE + + (FROM PUBERTY TO MATURITY) + + +Adolescence is the period when the boy is lost in the man. It is the +time of life embraced between the ages of fourteen or sixteen and the +age of twenty-five. Every boy, if properly trained, should reach this +period in a state of good general health and spirits. Hitherto he has +been led and guided. Now he must develop mental strength and will +power himself to choose the good and refuse the evil in the sexual +problems confronting him. + + + PUBERTY + +According to climate puberty, the age when the human male becomes +sexually perfect, varies from ten to fifteen years. In the United +States puberty in the male usually occurs at the age of fourteen and a +half years. In tropical climates it occurs at nine or ten, and in cold +countries, such as Norway and Siberia, it may not take place until +eighteen or nineteen. Vigorous physical exercise tends to delay +puberty, anything exciting the emotions tends to hasten it. +Stimulating foods, pepper, vinegar, mustard, spices, tea and coffee, +excess meat nutriment hasten puberty. A cool, unstimulating vegetable +and farinaceous diet may delay the development of the sexual system +several months or a year. + + + THE SIGNS AND CHANGES OF PUBERTY + +In the boy the signs of puberty are the growth of hair on the skin +covering the pubes and in the armpits. Chest and arms broaden, the +frame grows more angular, the masculine proportions more pronounced. +The vocal cords grow longer and lower the pitch of the voice. Hair +grows on chin, upper lip, cheeks, and often on the body surface. + + + THE SEXUAL MORAL LAW + +The sexual moral law is the same for both sexes, and equally binding. +It may be summed up as follows: "Your sexual urges, instincts and +desires should never consciously injure an individual human being or +mankind in general. They should be exercised to further the value and +happiness of both." + + + THE MALE ADOLESCENT AND CONTINENCE + +The perfect carrying out of this general moral law implies continence +on the part of the male adolescent until marriage. Continence is +positive restraint under all circumstances. Strict continence is +neither injurious to health, nor does it produce impotence. While +self-denial is difficult, since the promptings of nature often seem +imperious, it is not impossible. It is certain that no youth will +suffer, physically, by remaining sexually pure. The demands which +occur during adolescence are mainly abnormal, due to the excitements +of an overstimulating diet, pornographic literature and art, and the +temptations of impure association. + + + WHY YOUNG MEN GO WRONG + +Foul thoughts, once they enter the mind, corrode it. The sensual +glance, the bawdy laugh, the ribald jest, the smutty story, the +obscene song may be met with on street corner, in the car, train, +hotel lobby, lecture hall and workshop. Mental unchastity ends in +physical unchastity. The habit common to most adolescent boys and +young men of relating smutty stories, repeating foul jokes and making +indecent allusions destroys respect for virtue. In addition there are +such direct physical causes of undue adolescent sexual excitement as +constipation and alcoholism, and such mental ones as nervous +irritability. + +To the constant discussion and speculation regarding sex and its +mysteries by the adolescent young male, must be added the artificial +idea that idle prattling on the subject is a sign of "manhood." Thus +many young men whose natural trend is in the direction of decency and +right sexual living, "step out" or "go to see the girls," as the +phrase is, because they think that otherwise "they are not real men." +More subtle in its evil effect, yet somewhat less dangerous +physically, perhaps, than the professional prostitute is the lure of +the "hidden" prostitute, who carefully conceals her derelictions, and +publicly wraps herself in a mantle of virtue. + + + PROSTITUTION + +The training of the average male mind in impure language and thought +during boyhood and adolescence, the cultivation of his animal at the +expense of the moral nature, often leads the adolescent to seek +satisfaction by frequenting the prostitute. + +_Prostitution_, known as the "social evil," is promiscuous unchastity +for gain. It has existed in all civilized countries from earliest +times. Prostitution abuses the instinct for reproduction, the basic +element of sex, to offer certain women a livelihood which they prefer +to other means. Love of excitement, inherited criminal propensities, +indolence and abnormal sex appetite are first causes of prostitution. +Difficulty in finding work, laborious and ill-paid work, harsh +treatment of girls at home, indecent living among the poor, contact +with demoralizing companions, loose literature and amusements are +secondary causes. They all contribute to debauch male and female youth +and lead it to form dangerous habits of vicious sensual indulgence. + +Prostitution seems inseparable from human society in large +communities. The fact is acknowledged in the name given it, "the +necessary evil." Regulation and medical control only arrest in a +degree the spread of venereal diseases to which prostitution gives +rise. The elementary laws on which prostitution rests seems to be +stronger than the artificial codes imposed by moral teaching. It is an +evil which must be combatted _individually_. Men are principally +responsible, in one way or another, for the existence of the social +evil. In the case of the young man, abstention is the only cure for +the probable results of indulging his animal passions by recourse to +the prostitute. + +Prostitution, both public and private is the most dangerous menace to +society at large. It is the curse of individual young manhood because +of the venereal diseases it spreads. One visit to a house of +prostitution may ruin a young man's health and life, and millions of +human beings die annually from the effects of poison contracted in +these houses. "Wild oats" sown in company with the prostitute usually +bear fruit in the shape of the most loathsome and destructive sex +disorders. + +The development of self-control, the avoidance of impure thoughts and +associations, the cultivation of the higher moral nature instead of +the lower animal one, and, finally, _marriage_, should prevent the +young man from falling into prostitution. All the state and medical +regulation in the world will not protect him from the venereal +diseases he is so apt to acquire by such indulgence. + + + FREE LOVE + +Free love is the doctrine of _unrestrained choice, without binding +ties_, in sexual relations. For altogether different reasons, however, +it is quite as objectionable as prostitution for the young man. It may +offer better hygienic guarantees. But it is a sexual partnership which +is opposed to the fundamental institution of _marriage_, on which +society in general is based throughout the world. And, aside from the +fact that it is a promiscuous relationship not sanctioned by law or +society, it is seldom practically successful. It cannot admit of true +love without bitter jealousies. + + + + + CHAPTER VI + + SEX IN THE ADOLESCENT FEMALE + + (FROM PUBERTY TO MATURITY) + + +Adolescence in the girl is the period when she develops into a woman. +It is that stage in female life embraced between the ages of twelve or +fourteen and twenty-one years. Elasticity of body, a clear complexion, +and a happy control of her feelings should mark the young girl at this +time, if she has been so fortunate as to escape the dangers and +baneful influences of childhood and infancy. Her numerous bodily +functions should be well performed. Thus constituted she should be in +a condition to take up her coming struggle with the world, and the sex +problem it will present. + + + PUBERTY + +It has been noticed that in the case of girls, puberty usually occurs +earlier in brunettes than in blondes. In general, it makes its +appearance earlier in those of a nervous or bilio-nervous temperament +than in those whose temperament is phlegmatic or lymphatic. In the +United States fourteen and a half years is the usual age of puberty in +girls. In tropical lands, however, it is not uncommon for a girl to be +a mother at twelve. Country girls (and boys) usually mature several +months or a year later than those living in cities. Too early a +puberty in girls may well arouse concern. It usually indicates some +inherent constitutional weakness. Premature puberty is often +associated with premature decay. + + + THE SIGNS AND CHANGES OF PUBERTY + +In the girl the sign of puberty is the growth of hair about the pubes, +private organs and armpits. Her whole frame remains more slender than +in the male. Muscles and joints are less prominent, limbs more rounded +and tapering. Internal and external organs undergo rapid enlargement, +locally. The _mammae_ (the breasts) enlarge, the ovaries dilate, and a +periodical uteral discharge (menstruation) is established. + + + MENSTRUATION + +No young girl should feel alarmed if, owing to the negligence of her +parents or guardians to prepare her, she is surprised by this first +flow from the genital organs. Puberty is the proper time for the +appearance of menstruation. This is the periodical development and +discharge of an ovule (one or more) by the female, accompanied by the +discharge of a fluid, known as menses or catamenia. Menstruation, in +general good health, should occur about every twenty-eight days, or +once in four weeks. This rule, however, is subject to great variation. +Menstruation continues from puberty to about the forty-fifth year, +which usually marks the _menopause_, or "change of life." When it +disappears a woman is no longer capable of bearing children. Her +period of fertility has passed. In rare cases menstruation has stopped +at 35, or lasted till 60. + + + HINTS FOR OBSERVANCE DURING MENSTRUATION + +When the period arrives a girl or woman has a feeling of discomfort +and lassitude, there is a sense of weight, and a disclination for +society. Menstruation should not, however, be regarded as a nuisance; +a girl's friends respect her most when she is "unwell." She should +keep more than usually quiet while the flow continues, which it will +do for a few days. Also, she should avoid all unnecessary fatigue, +exposure to wet or to extremes of temperature. Some girls are guilty +of the crime of trying to arrest the menstruation flow, and resorting +to methods of stopping it. Why? In order to attend a dance or pleasure +excursion! Lives have been lost by thus suppressing the monthly flux. +Mothers should instruct their daughters when the menses are apt to +begin, and what their function is. During menstruation great care must +be taken in using water internally. A chill is sufficient to arrest +the flow. If menstruation does not establish itself in a healthy or +normal manner at the proper time, consult a physician in order to +remove this abnormal condition. Any disturbance of the delicate +menstrual functions during the period, by constrained positions, +muscular effort, brain work and mental or physical excitement, is apt +to have serious consequences. + + + CONTINENCE AND THE YOUNG ADOLESCENT GIRL + +Continence is, as a rule more easily observed by the adolescent girl +than by the adolescent youth. Ordinarily the normal young girl has no +_undue_ sexual propensities, amorous thoughts or feelings. Though she +is exposed to the danger of meeting other girls who may be lewd in +thought and speech, in the houses of friends or at school, she is not +apt to be carried away by their example. Yet even a good, pure-minded +young girl may be debauched. Especially during adolescence, the easy +observance of natural continence depends greatly on the proper +functioning of the feminine genital organs. These may be easily +disturbed. The syringe used for injections, for so-called purposes of +cleanliness, is in reality a danger. The inner organs are +self-cleansing. Water or other fluids cast into them disorder the +mucous follicles, and dry up their secretions, preventing the flowing +out of some of Nature's necessities. A daily washing of the inner +organs for a long period with water also produces chronic leucorrhea. + + + WHY YOUNG GIRLS FALL + +Lack of proper early training, abnormal sex instincts, weak good +nature, poverty, all may be responsible for a young girl's moral +downfall. As a general thing, right home training and home +environment, and sane sex education will prevent the normally good +girl from going wrong. It should be remembered, though, that a +naturally more gentle and yielding disposition may easily lead her +into temptation. Girls who are sentimentally inclined should beware of +giving way to advances on the part of young men which have only one +object in view: the gratification of their animal passion. + +The holding of hands and similar innocent beginnings often pave the +way for more familiar caresses. Passionate kisses--the promiscuous +kiss, by the way, may be the carrier of that dread infection, +syphilis--violently awaken a young girl's sex instincts. The fact is +that many innocent girls idealize their seducers. They believe their +lying promises, actually come to love them, and think that in +gratifying their inflamed desires, they are giving a proof of the +depth and purity of their own affection. + +Here, as in the case of the young man, self-control should be the +first thing cultivated. And self-control should be made doubly sure by +never permitting one of the opposite sex to show undue familiarity. +Many a seemingly innocent flirtation, begun with a kiss, has ended in +shame and disgrace, in loss of social standing and position, venereal +disease, or even death. The pure-minded and innocent girl often +becomes a victim of her ignorance of the consequences entailed by +giving in to the desires of some male companion. _The girl who has a +knowledge of sex facts is less apt to be taken advantage of in this +manner._ + + + MODERN CONDITIONS WHICH ENCOURAGE IMMORALITY + +_Excessive Freedom._--The excessive freedom granted the young girl, +especially since the World War, must be held responsible for a great +increase in familiarity between the adolescent youth of both sexes. +Many young girls of the "flapper" type, in particular, are victims of +these conditions of unrestrained sex association. Sex precocity is +furthered in coeducational colleges, in the high school and the home. +Adolescents of both sexes too often are practically unhampered in +their comings and goings, their words and actions. The surreptitious +pocket flask, filled with "hooch," is often a feature of social +parties, dances and affairs frequented by young people. Girls and boys +drink together, and as alcohol weakens moral resistance in the one +case, and stimulates desire in the other, deplorable consequences +naturally result. In the United States the number of girls "sent home" +from colleges, and of high-school girls being privately treated by +physicians to save them from disgrace, is incredibly large. + +Parents who do not control the social activities of their daughters, +who permit them to spend their evenings away from home with only a +general idea of what they are doing or whom they are meeting, need not +be surprised if their morals are undermined. + +_The Auto._--The advent of the automobile is responsible for an easy +and convenient manner of satisfying precociously aroused sex instincts +in young girls and boys. Often, unconscientious pleasure-seekers roam +the roads in their auto. They accost girls who are walking and offer +them a "lift." When the latter refuse to gratify their desires they +are often beaten and flung from the car. The daily press has given +such publicity to this civilized form of "head hunting," that it is +difficult to sympathize with girls who are thus treated. They cannot +help but know that in nine cases out of ten, a stranger who invites +them to a ride, who "picks" them up, does so with the definite purpose +already mentioned in view. + +_Poverty._--Poverty, too, plays a large part in driving young girls +into a life of vice. In all our large cities there are hundreds of +young women who earn hardly enough to buy food and fuel and pay for +the rent of a room in a cheap lodging house. Feminine youth longs for +dress, for company, for entertainment. It is easy enough to find a +"gentleman friend" who will provide all three, in exchange for +"companionship." So the bargain is struck. These conditions exist in a +hundred and one occupations. A young woman may go to a large city as +pure as snow, but finding no lucrative employment, lonely and +despondent, she is led to take her first step on the downward path. +Soon daily contact with vice removes abhorrence to it. Familiarity +makes it habitual, and another life is ruined. The heartless moral +code of the cynical young pleasure-seeking male is summed up in the +cant phrase anent women: "Find, ... and forget!" It is these girls, +who are victimized by their lack of self-restraint or moral principle, +their ignorance or weakness, who make possible the application of such +a maxim. + + + VIRGINITY + +Both mental and physical purity are rightfully required of the young +girl about to marry. How shall she acquire and maintain this desirable +state of purity? The process is a simple one. _She must let a +knowledge of the true hygienic and moral laws of her sex guide her in +her relations with men._ She must cultivate clean thought on a basis +of physical cleanliness. She need not be ignorant to be pure. Men she +should study carefully. She should not allow them to sit with their +arm about her waist, to hold her hand, to kiss her. No approach nor +touch beyond what the best social observance sanctions should be +permitted. Even the tendernesses and familiarities of courtship should +be restrained. An engagement does not necessarily culminate in a +marriage, and once the foot has slipped on virtue's path the error +cannot be recalled. These considerations, together with those adduced +in the preceding section, "Why Young Girls Fall," are well worth +taking to heart by every young woman who wishes to approach matrimony +in the right and proper way. + + + + + CHAPTER VII + + SEX IN THE MARRIAGE RELATION + + THE HUSBAND + + +Marriage is the process by which a man and woman enter into a complete +physical, legal and moral union. The natural object of marriage is the +complete community of life for the establishment of a family. + + + THE MARRIAGEABLE AGE AND ADAPTATION + +At twenty-four the male body attains its complete development; and +twenty-five is a proper age for the young man to marry. Romantic love, +personal affection on a basis of congeniality, mutual adaptation, a +similar social sphere of life, should determine his choice. Nature and +custom indicate that the husband should be somewhat older than the +wife. + + + MEN WHO SHOULD NOT MARRY + +Men suffering with diseases which may be communicated by contagion or +heredity should not marry. These diseases include: tuberculosis, +syphilis, cancer, leprosy, epilepsy and some nervous disorders, some +skin diseases and insanity. A worn-out rake has no business to marry, +since marriage is not a hospital for the treatment of disease, or a +reformatory institution for moral lepers. Those having a marked +tendency to disease must not marry those of similar tendency. The +marriage of cousins is not to be advocated. The blood relation tends +to bring together persons with similar morbid tendencies. Where both +are healthy, however, there seems to be no special liability to mental +incompetency, though such marriages are accused of producing defective +or idiot children. Men suffering from congenital defects should not +marry. Natural blindness, deafness, muteness, and congenital +deformities of limb are more or less likely to be passed on to their +children. There are cases of natural blindness, though, to which this +rule does not apply. Criminals, alcoholics, and persons +disproportionate in size should not marry. In the last-mentioned, lack +of mutual physical adaptability may produce much unhappiness, +especially on the part of the wife. Serious local disease, sterility, +and great risk in childbirth may result. Disparity of years, disparity +of race, a poverty which will not permit the proper raising of +children, undesirable moral character are all good reasons for not +marrying. + + + MEDICAL EXAMINATION BEFORE MARRIAGE + +Medical examination as a preliminary to marriage is practically more +valuable than a marriage license. Since many entirely innocent young +girls to-day suffer from disease, incurred either through hereditary +or accidental infection, a would-be husband may be said to be quite as +much entitled to protection as his bride-to-be. Prohibitive physical +defects are also discovered in this connection. + + + + + CHAPTER VIII + + SEX IN THE MARRIAGE RELATION + + THE WIFE + + +Girls marry, in the final analysis, because love for the male is an +innate natural principle of the female nature. At its best this love +is pure and chaste. The good woman realizes that its first purpose is +not mere carnal pleasure. It is a special avowal of the wife's +relations to her husband, and its natural as well as moral end is the +establishment of the family on the basis of a healthy progeny. + + + BEFORE MARRIAGE + +The wife-to-be, like her prospective husband, will be well advised to +ask for a medical health certificate. No man, no matter how good his +reputation may be, should marry (on his own account as well as that of +the girl) without thorough examination by a physician. The +consequences of venereal infection administered to unborn children by +their parents are too horrible to allow of any risk being taken. +Another bit of advice, which cannot be too highly commended, is that +the prospective husband and wife, before they marry, have a plain talk +with each other regarding individual sexual peculiarities and needs. A +heart-to-heart talk of this kind would be apt to prevent great +disappointments and incompatibilities which otherwise may become +permanent. + + + THE WIFE AND HER POSITION + +The natural instinct of a man is to seek his mate. On her he depends +for an orderly and lawful indulgence of his sex demands. The greatest +longevity and best health are to be found among happily married +fathers and mothers. No young woman should marry without a full +knowledge of her sex duties to her husband. And she should never +consummate the marriage vow grudgingly. + + + CHILDBIRTH HYGIENE + +Childbirth is the natural consequence of marriage. Its processes have +already been explained in Chapter II of this book. There are, however, +some hygienic facts in connection with it which should be noted. Once +pregnancy is established, as soon as the fact is suspected, the +mother-to-be should look on the little embryo as already a member of +the family. Every act of each parent should now be performed (at least +to some degree) with reference to the forthcoming infant. The mother's +thoughts should be directed to it as much as possible. Mentally she +should read literature of a lofty and ennobling character. The theory +is that this serves a good purpose in producing a more perfect, +healthy and intelligent child. Physically, she should take plenty of +active exercise during gestation. Active exercise does not, of course, +mean violent exercise. And she should use a "Health Lift." During +this time she should subsist as far as possible on a farinaceous +diet, fruits and vegetables. The foods should be plainly cooked, +without spices. If all else is as it should be, the birth of the child +at the end of the customary nine months will be attended by +comparatively little pain and danger. + + + HOW OFTEN SHOULD CHILDBIRTH TAKE PLACE? + +It is most important that the childbearing wife and mother have a long +period of rest between births. At least one year should separate a +birth and the conception following it. This means that about two years +should elapse between two births. If this rule be followed, the wife +will retain her health, and her children will also be healthy. It is +far better to give birth to seven children, who will live and be +healthy, than to bear fourteen, of whom seven are likely to die, while +the numerous successive births wear out and age the unfortunate +mother. + + + MATRIMONIAL ADJUSTMENT + +The above paragraph deals with one detail of what might be called +"matrimonial adjustment." This adjustment or compromise is a feature +of all successful marriages. The individual cravings of husband and +wife must be reconciled by mutual good will and forbearance if they +are to be happy. Attention should be paid in particular to not +allowing habit, "the worst foe of married happiness," to become too +well established in the home, and to cultivate that love and affection +which survives the decline of the sexual faculties. + + + THE IDEAL MARRIAGE + +The ideal marriage is the one in which affection combines to bring +happiness to both partners in a sane union of sex and soul. As one +commentator has rather unhappily expressed it: "When married the +_battle_ for one united and harmonious life really begins!" It is, +indeed, but too often a _battle_! Forbearance, consideration and +respect must be the foundation on which the ideal married state is +built. The husband should realize that his wife's love for him induces +her to allow privileges of a personal nature which her innate chastity +and timidity might otherwise refuse. In return, he should accept these +privileges with consideration. He should, in particular, on his +wedding night, take care not to shock his young bride's sensibilities. +He may easily give her a shock from which she will not recover for +years, and lead her to form an antipathy against the very act which is +"the bond and seal of a truly happy married life." + + + BIRTH CONTROL + +Material changes have taken place in the birth-rate of a number of +countries during the past fifteen or twenty years which cannot be +attributed to purely economic causes. They do not seem to depend on +such things as trade, employment and prices; but on the spread of an +idea or influence whose tendency must be deplored, that of "birth +control," a phrase much heard in these days. + +The fact that a decline in human fertility and a falling birth rate +are most noticeable in the relatively prosperous countries is a proof +that it does not proceed from economic causes; but is due rather to +the spread of the doctrine that it is permissible to restrict or +control birth. In such countries as the United States, England and +Australasia, where the standards of human comfort and living are +notoriously high, the decline in the birth rate has been most +noticeable. On the other hand, we find perhaps the greatest decline in +the birth rate in France, a country where the general well-being +probably reaches a lower depth in the community than in any other part +of Europe. A comparison of the birth rates of France and of Ireland, +for example, offer a valuable illustration of the point under +consideration. In France, more than half the women who have reached +the age of nubility are married; in Ireland, generally speaking, less +than a third. In both countries the crude birth rate is far below that +in other European lands. Yet the fertility of the Irish wife exceeded +that of her French compeer by 44 per cent in 1880, and by no less than +84 per cent in 1900. And since that time the prolificity of the Irish +mother has so increased that she is now, approximately speaking, +inferior only to the Dutch or Finnish mother in this respect. + +In general, in any country where we find a diminished prolificity a +falling off of childbirth _unaccompanied_ by a decrease in the number +of marriages occurring at the reproductive ages, we may attribute this +decrease to _voluntary restriction of childbearing_ on the part of the +married, or in other words, to the prevalence of "birth control." +This incidentally, is not a theoretical statement, but one supported +by the almost unanimous medical opinion in all countries. Everywhere +and especially here in our own United States, we find evidence of the +extensive employ of "birth control" measures to prevent that normal +development of family life which underlies the vigor and racial power +of every nation. These preventive measures which arbitrarily control +human birth had long been in use in France with results which, +especially since the war, have been frequently and publicly deplored +in the press, and have led the French Government to offer substantial +rewards to encourage the propagation of large families. From France +the preventive practices of "birth control" had spread, after 1870, +over nearly all the countries of western Europe, to England and to the +United States; though they are not as much apparent in those countries +where the Roman Church has a strong hold on the people. + +As a general thing, the practice of thus unnaturally limiting +families--"unnaturally" since the custom of "birth control" derives +from no natural, physical law--prevails, in the first instance, among +the well-to-do, who should rather be the first to set the example of +protest against it by having the families they are so much better able +to support and educate than those less favored with the world's goods. +If the evil of voluntary control of human birth were restricted to a +privileged class, say one of wealth, the harm done would, perhaps, not +be so great. But, unfortunately, in the course of time it filters +down as a "gospel of comfort"--erroneous term!--to those whose +resources are less. They accept and practice this invidious system of +prevention and gradually the entire community is more or less +affected. + +The whole system of "birth control" is opposed to natural, human and +religious law. Nature, in none of her manifestations, introduces +anything which may tend to prevent her great reason for being--the +propagation of the species. Birth as the natural sequence of mating is +her solemn and invariable law. It is in birth and rebirth that nature +renews herself and all the life of the animal and vegetable world, and +her primal aim is to encourage it. Human law recognizes this +underlying law of nature by forbidding man to tamper in a preventive +way with her hallowed and mysterious processes for perpetuating the +human race. Religious law, based on the divine dispensation of the +Scriptures, indorses the law of nature and that of the state. + +We may take it, then, that "birth control" represents a deliberate and +reprehensible attempt to nullify those innate laws of reproduction +sanctioned by religion, tradition and man's own ingrained instinct. To +say that the human instinct for the perpetuation of his race and +family has become atrophied during the flight of time, and that he is +therefore justified in denying it, is merely begging the question. The +instinct may be denied, just as other higher and nobler instincts are +disregarded; but its validity cannot be questioned. Whether those who +practice "birth control" are influenced by economic, selfishly +personal or other reasons, they are offending in a threefold manner: +against the inborn wish and desire which is a priceless possession of +even the least of God's creatures, that of living anew in its +offspring; against the law of the state, which after all, stands for +the crystallization of the best feeling of the community; and against +the divine injunction handed down to us in Holy Writ, to "increase and +multiply." + +"Birth control" is the foe to the direct end and aim of marriage, +which, in the last analysis, is childbirth. As an enemy to the +procreation of children it is an enemy of the family and the family +group. As an enemy of the family, it is an enemy of the state, the +community, a foe to the whole social system. Mankind has been able to +attain its comparatively recent state of moral and physical +advancement without having recourse to the dangerous principle which +"birth control" represents. Surely that wise provision of our existing +legal code which makes the printing or dissemination of information +regarding the physical facts of "birth control" illegal and punishable +as an offense, can only be approved by those who respect the +Omnipotent will, and the time-hallowed traditions which date back to +the very inception of the race. + + + + + CHAPTER IX + + SEX DISEASES + + +The sex diseases are the same in both sexes, whether developed by +direct or accidental infection. They are the greatest practical +argument in favor of continence, morality and marriage in the sex +relation. + + + GONORRHEA + +Gonorrhea is a pus-discharging inflammation of the canal known as the +_urethra_, which passing through the entire length of the organ, +carries both the urine and the seminal fluid. It is caused by a +venereal bacillus, the _gonococcus_. Under favorable conditions and +with right treatment, gonorrhea may be cured, though violently +painful, in fourteen days. Often the inflammation extends, becomes +chronic and attacks other organs. This chronic gonorrhea often causes +permanent contraction of the urethra, which leads to the painful +retention of urine, catarrh of the bladder, and stone. Chronic +gonorrhea, too, often ends in death, especially if the kidneys are +attacked. A cured case of gonorrhea does not mean immunity from +further attacks. New infections are all the more easily acquired. +Gonorrhea has even more dangerous consequences in women than in men. +The _gonococcus_ bacilli infect all the inner female genital organs. +They cause frequent inflammations and lead to growths in the belly. +Women thus attacked usually are apt to be sterile; they suffer +agonies, and often become chronic invalids. The child born of a +gonorrheal mother, while passing through the infected genital organs, +comes to life with infected eyelids. This is _Blennorrhea_, which may +result in total blindness. Gonorrhea also causes inflammation of the +joints, gonorrheal rheumatism, testicular inflammations which may lead +to sterility. Some authorities claim that fully half the sterility in +women is caused by gonorrheal infection of the Fallopian tubes. +Gonorrheal infection of the eyes at birth is now prevented by first +washing them in a saturated solution of boric acid, then treating them +with a drop of weak silver solution. + + + SYPHILIS + +Syphilis is a still more terrible venereal disease. It usually appears +first in small, hard sores, hard chancres, on the sexual parts or the +mouth. Then the syphilitic poison spreads throughout the whole body by +means of the blood. After a few weeks it breaks out on the face or +body. Its final cure is always questionable. Syphilis may lie dormant +for years, and then suddenly become active again. It breaks out in +sores on all parts of the body, often eats up the bone, destroys +internal organs, such as the liver, causes hardening of the lungs, +diseases of the blood vessels and eye diseases. Ulcers of the brain +and nerve paralysis often result from it. One of its most terrible +consequences is consumption of the spinal marrow and paralysis of the +brain, or paresis. The first slowly hardens and destroys the spinal +marrow, the second the brain. These diseases are only developed by +previous syphilitics. As a rule they occur from 5 to 20 years after +infection, usually 10 or 15 years after it. And they usually happen to +persons who believed themselves completely cured. Consumption of the +spinal marrow leads to death in the course of a few years of continual +torture. Paralysis of the brain turns the sufferer into a human ruin, +gradually extinguishing all mental and nervous functions, sentience, +movement, speech and intellect. + +One danger of syphilis is the fact that its true nature may be +overlooked during the first period, because of the lack of pronounced +symptoms. Its early sores may easily be mistaken for some skin +affection. Mercury and other means are successful in doing away with +at least the more noticeable signs of syphilis during the first and +secondary stages. The modern medical treatment using mercury and +Salvarsan (606) in alternation, has been very successful. It is +claimed that by following it, syphilis may be totally cured if taken +in hand during the first stage. The sores developed during the first +two or three years of the disease are very infectious. In the case of +a chronic syphilis of three or four years' standing, the sores as a +rule are no longer infectious. It is possible, however, for a +syphilitic of this description to bring forth syphilitic children, +_without infecting his wife_. Such children either die at birth, or +later, of this congenital syphilis. They may also die of spinal +consumption or paresis between the ages of 10 and 20. The mortality of +all syphilitic children is very great. In most cases, however, healthy +children are born of the wedlock of _relatively cured_ syphilitics, +though they are often sterile. Young men who have had recourse to +prostitutes, often inoculate their wives with gonorrhea or syphilis, +and thus the plague is spread. + + + THE SOFT CHANCRE + +The soft chancre is the third form of venereal disease (the hard +chancre being the first stage of syphilis). It is the least dangerous +of the venereal diseases, but unfortunately, relatively the one which +occurs most seldom. When not complicated with syphilis, it appears +locally. It is a larger or smaller sore feeding and growing on the +genital organs. + + + VENEREAL DISEASE AN ADVOCATE OF CONTINENCE + +The most tragic consequence of all venereal disease is the part it +plays in the infection of innocent children, and innocent wives and +mothers. Often a pure and chaste woman is thus deprived in the most +cruel and brutal manner of the fruit of all her hopes and dreams of +happiness. Similarly, a young man may find himself hopelessly +condemned to a short life of pain and misery. He may also suffer from +the knowledge that he has ruined the lives of those dearest to him. +Venereal disease, syphilis in particular, emphasizes the _practical_ +value of continence--quite aside from its moral one--in a manner which +cannot be ignored! + + + + + CHAPTER X + + LOVE AND SEX + + +When we take under consideration the higher, truer love of one sex for +the other, that is, an affection which is not simply a friendship, but +has a sex basis, we realize that it may be a very noble emotion. There +is no manner of doubt but that the normal human being feels a great +need for love. Sex in love and its manifestation in the life of the +soul is one of the first conditions of human happiness, and a main aim +of human existence. + +All know the tale of Cupid's arrow. A man falls in love with a face, a +pair of eyes, the sound of a voice, and his affection is developed +from this trifling beginning until it takes complete possession of +him. This love is usually made up of two components: a sex instinct, +and feelings of sympathy and interest which hark back to primal times. +And this love, in its true sense, should stand for an affection +purified from egoism. + +When, among the lower animal forms we find individuals without a +determined sex, egoism develops free from all restraint. Each +individual creature devours as much as it can and feeding, together +with propagation by division, "budding" or conjunction, makes up the +total of its vital activities. It need do no more to accomplish the +purpose of its existence. Even when propagation commences to take +place by means of individual male and female parents, the same +principle of egoism largely obtains. The spiders are typical instances +of this: in their case the carrying out of the natural functions of +the male spider is attended with much danger for him, owing to the +fact that if he does not exercise the greatest care, he is apt to be +devoured immediately afterward by his female partner, in order that no +useful food matter may be lost. Yet even in the case of the spiders, +the female spider already gives proof of a certain capacity for +sacrifice where her young are concerned, at any rate for a short time +after they have crept from the egg. + +In animals somewhat higher in the creative scale, more or less +powerful feelings of affection may develop out of their sex +association. There is affection on the part of the male for his mate, +and on the part of the female for her young. Often these feelings +develop into a strong, lasting affection between the sexes, and years +of what might be called faithful matrimonial union have been observed +in the case of birds. This in itself is sufficient to establish the +intimate relationship between love in a sex sense and love in a +general sense. And even in the animal creation we find the same +analogy existing between these feelings of sympathy and their +opposites which occur in the case of human beings. Every feeling of +attachment or sympathy existing between two individuals has a +counterpart in an opposite feeling of discontent when the object of +the love or attachment in question dies, falls sick, or runs away. +This feeling of discontent may assume the form of a sorrow ending in +lasting melancholy. In the case of apes and of certain parrots, it has +been noticed that the death of a mate has frequently led the survivor +to refuse nourishment, and die in turn from increasing grief and +depression. If, on the other hand, an animal discovers the cause of +the grief or loss which threatens it; if some enemy creature tries to +rob it of its mate or little ones, the mixed reactive feeling of rage +or anger is born in it, anger against the originator of its +discontent. Jealousy is only a definite special form of this anger +reaction. + +A further development of the feeling of sympathy is that of duty. +Every feeling of love or sympathy urges those who feel it to do +certain things which will benefit the object of that love. A mother +will feed her young, bed them down comfortably, caress them; a father +will bring nourishment to the mother and her brood, and protect them +against foes. All these actions, not performed to benefit the creature +itself, but to help its beloved mate, represent exertion, trouble, the +overcoming of danger, and lead to a struggle between egoism and the +feeling of sympathy. Out of this struggle is born a third feeling, +that of responsibility and conscience. Thus the elements of the human +social feelings are already quite pronounced in the case of many +animals, including those of love as well as sex. + +In the human animal, speaking in general, these feelings of sympathy +(love) and duty are strongly developed in the family connection; that +is, they are developed with special strength in those who are most +intimately united in sex life, in husband and wife and in children. +Consequently the feelings of sympathy or love which extend to larger +communal groups, such as more distant family connections, the tribe, +the community, those speaking the same tongue, the nation, are +relatively far weaker. Weakest of all, in all probability, is that +general human feeling which sees a brother in every other human being +and is conscious of the social duties owed him. + +As regards man and wife, the relation of the actual sex instinct to +love is often a very complicated one. In the case of man the sex +feeling may, and frequently does exist independent of love in the +higher sense; in the case of woman it is quite certain that love +occurs far less seldom unaccompanied by the sex inclination. It is +also quite possible for love to develop before the development of the +sex feeling, and this often, in married life, leads to the happiest +relationships. + +The mutual adoration of two individuals, husband and wife, often +degenerates into a species of egoistic enmity toward the remainder of +the world. And this, in turn, in many cases reacts unfavorably upon +the love the two feel for each other. Human solidarity, especially in +this day, is already too great not to revenge itself upon the +egotistical character of so exclusive a love. The real ideal of sex in +love might be expressed as follows: A man and a woman should be +induced to unite in marriage through genuine sex attraction and +harmony of character and disposition. In this union they should +mutually encourage each other to labor socially for the common good of +mankind, in such wise that _they further their own mutual education +and that of their children_, the beings nearest and dearest to them, +_as the natural point of departure for helping general human +betterment_. + +If love in its relation to sex be conceived in this manner, it will +purify it by doing away with its pettinesses and it is just into these +pettinesses that the most honest and upright of matrimonial loves too +often degenerate. The constructive work done in common by two human +beings who, while they care lovingly for each other, at the same time +encourage each other to strive and endure in carrying out the +principles of right living and high thinking, will last. Love and +marriage looked at from this point of view, are relatively immune from +the small jealousies and other evil little developments of a +one-sided, purely physical affection. It will work for an ever more +ideal realization of love in its higher and nobler dispensations. + +Real and true love is lasting. The suddenly awakened storm of sex +affection for a hitherto totally unknown person can never be accepted +as a true measure for love. This sudden surge of the sex feeling warps +the judgment, makes it possible to overlook the grossest defects, +colors all and everything with heavenly hues. It makes a man who is +"in love," or two beings who are in love, mutually blind, and causes +each to carefully conceal his or her real inward self from the other. +This may be the case even when the feelings of both are absolutely +honest, especially if the sex feeling is not paired with cool egoistic +calculation. Not until the first storm of the sex feeling has +subsided, when honeymoon weeks are over, is a more normal point of +view regained. And then love, indifference, or hatred, as the case may +be develops. It is for this reason that love at first sight is always +dangerous, and that only a longer and more intimate acquaintance with +the object of one's affection is calculated to give a lasting union a +relatively good chance of turning out happily. One thing is worth +bearing in mind. Woman invariably represents the conservative element +in the family. Her emotional qualities, combined with wonderful +endurance, always control her intellect more powerfully than is the +case with man; and the feelings and emotions form the conservative +element in the human soul. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sex, by Henry Stanton + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEX *** + +***** This file should be named 23680.txt or 23680.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/6/8/23680/ + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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