initial commit of ebook 23680HEADmain

1 files changed, 2048 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/23680.txt b/23680.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e820367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/23680.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2048 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sex, by Henry Stanton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Sex
+       Avoided subjects Discussed in Plain English
+
+Author: Henry Stanton
+
+Release Date: December 2, 2007 [EBook #23680]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEX ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was
+produced from scanned images of public domain material
+from the Google Print project.)
+
+
+
+
+
+                                  SEX
+
+              AVOIDED SUBJECTS DISCUSSED IN PLAIN ENGLISH
+
+                                 _By_
+
+                             HENRY STANTON
+
+                            [Illustration]
+
+                      SOCIAL CULTURE PUBLICATIONS
+                    151 FIFTH AVENUE   .   NEW YORK
+
+                            Copyright, 1922
+                      SOCIAL CULTURE PUBLICATIONS
+                       MANUFACTURED IN U. S. A.
+
+
+
+
+                               CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                            PAGE
+
+   I. SEX                                                     5
+
+  II. THE TRANSITION FROM CELL TO HUMAN BEING                12
+
+ III. SEX IN MALE CHILDHOOD                                  20
+
+  IV. SEX IN FEMALE CHILDHOOD                                26
+
+   V. SEX IN THE ADOLESCENT MALE                             30
+
+  VI. SEX IN THE ADOLESCENT FEMALE                           35
+
+ VII. SEX IN THE MARRIAGE RELATION (THE HUSBAND)             43
+
+VIII. SEX IN THE MARRIAGE RELATION (THE WIFE)                45
+
+  IX. SEX DISEASES                                           53
+
+   X. LOVE AND SEX                                           57
+
+
+
+
+                               CHAPTER I
+
+                                  SEX
+
+
+The happiness of all human beings, men and women, depends largely on
+their rational solution of the sexual problem. Sex and the part it
+plays in human life cannot be ignored. In the case of animals sex
+plays a simpler and less complex role. It is a purely natural and
+instinctive function whose underlying purpose is the perpetuation of
+the species. It is not complicated by the many incidental phenomena
+which result, in man's case, from psychologic, economic, moral and
+religious causes. Climate, social conditions, individual modes of life
+and work, alcohol, wealth and poverty, and other factors affect sexual
+activity in human beings.
+
+Sexual love, which is practically unknown to the animals, is a special
+development of the sex urge in the human soul. The deeper purpose of
+the sex function in human beings, likewise, is procreation, the
+reproduction of species.
+
+The average man, woman and child should know the essential sex facts
+in order to be able to deal with the sex problems of life. Of late
+years there has been a greater diffusion of such knowledge. To a large
+extent, however, children and adolescents are still taught to look on
+all that pertains to sex as something shameful and immodest, something
+not to be discussed. Sex is an "Avoided Subject."
+
+This is fundamentally wrong. Sex affects the very root of all human
+life. Its activities are not obscene, but Nature's own means to
+certain legitimate ends. The sex functions, when properly controlled
+and led into the proper channels, are a most essential and legitimate
+form of physical self-expression. The veil of secrecy with which they
+are so often shrouded tends to create an altogether false impression
+regarding them. This discussion of these "Avoided Subjects," in "Plain
+English," is intended to give the salient facts regarding sex in a
+direct, straightforward manner, bearing in mind the true purpose of
+normal sex activities.
+
+The more we know of the facts of sex, the right and normal part sex
+activities play in life, and all that tends to abuse and degrade them,
+the better able we will be to make sex a factor for happiness in our
+own lives and that of our descendants. Mankind, for its own general
+good, must desire that reproduction--the real purpose of every sexual
+function--occur in such a way as to perpetuate its own best physical
+and mental qualities.
+
+
+                       THE LAW OF PHYSICAL LIFE
+
+It is a universal rule of physical life that every individual being
+undergoes a development which we know as its individual life and
+which, so far as its physical substance is concerned, ends with death.
+Death is the destruction of the greater part of this individual
+organism which, when death ensues, once more becomes lifeless matter.
+Only small portions of this matter, the germ cells, continue to live
+under certain conditions which nature has fixed.
+
+The germ cell--as has been established by the microscope--is the tiny
+cell which in the lowest living organisms as well as in man himself,
+forms the unit of physical development. Yet even this tiny cell is
+already a highly organized and perfected thing. It is composed of the
+most widely differing elements which, taken together, form the
+so-called protoplasm or cellular substance. And for all life
+established in nature the cell remains the constant and unchanging
+form element. It comprises the cell-protoplasm and a nucleus imbedded
+in it whose substance is known as the nucleoplasm. The nucleus is the
+more important of the two and, so to say, governs the life of the
+cell-protoplasm.
+
+The lower one-celled organisms in nature increase by division, just as
+do the individual cells of a more highly organized, many-celled order
+of living beings. And in all cases, though death or destruction of the
+cells is synonymous with the death or destruction of the living
+organism, the latter in most cases already has recreated itself by
+reproduction.
+
+We will not go into the very complicated details of the actual process
+of the growth and division of the protoplasmic cells. It is enough to
+say that in the case of living creatures provided with more
+complicated organisms, such as the higher plants, animals and man, the
+little cell units divide and grow as they do in the case of the lower
+organisms. The fact is one which shows the intimate inner relationship
+of all living beings.
+
+
+                     THE LADDER OF ORGANIC ASCENT
+
+As we mount the ascending ladder of plant and animal life the
+unit-cell of the lower organisms is replaced by a great number of
+individual cells, which have grown together to form a completed whole.
+In this complete whole the cells, in accordance with the specific
+purpose for which they are intended, all have a different form and a
+different chemical composition. Thus it is that in the case of the
+plants leaves, flowers, buds, bark, branches and stems are formed, and
+in that of animals skin, intestines, glands, blood, muscles, nerves,
+brain and the organs of sense. In spite of the complicated nature of
+numerous organisms we find that many of them still possess the power
+of reproducing themselves by division or a process of "budding." In
+the case of certain plants and animals, cell-groups grow together into
+a so-called "bud," which later detaches itself from the parent body
+and forms a new individual living organism, as in the case of the
+polyps or the tubers in plant life.
+
+A tree, for instance, may be grown from a graft which has been cut off
+and planted in the ground. And ants and bees which have not been
+fecundated are quite capable of laying eggs out of which develop
+perfect, well-formed descendants. This last process is called
+parthenogenesis. It is a process, however, which if carried on through
+several generations, ends in deterioration and degeneracy. In the case
+of the higher animals, vertebrates and man, such reproduction is an
+impossibility.
+
+These higher types of animal life have been provided by nature with
+special organs of reproduction and reproductive glands whose
+secretions, when they are projected from the body under certain
+conditions, reproduce themselves, and increase and develop in such
+wise that the living organism from which they proceed is reproduced in
+practically its identical form. Thus it perpetuates the original type.
+Philosophically it may be said that these cells directly continue the
+life of the parents, so that death in reality only destroys a part of
+the individual. Every individual lives again in his offspring.
+
+
+                        THE TRUE MISSION OF SEX
+
+This rebirth of the individual in his descendants represents the true
+mission of sex where the human being is concerned. And reproduction,
+the perpetuation of the species, underlies all rightful and normal sex
+functions and activities. The actual physical process of reproduction,
+the details which initiate reproduction in the case of the human
+being, it seems unnecessary here to describe. In the animal world,
+into which the moral equation does not really enter, the facts of
+conjugation represent a simple and natural working-out of functional
+bodily laws, usually with a seasonal determination. But where man is
+concerned these facts are so largely made to serve the purposes of
+pruriency, so exploited to inflame the imagination in an undesirable
+and directly harmful way that they can be approached only with the
+utmost caution.
+
+The intimate fact knowledge necessary in this connection is of a
+peculiarly personal and sacred nature, and represents information
+which is better communicated by the spoken than by the printed word.
+The wise father and mother are those naturally indicated to convey
+this information to their sons and daughters by word of mouth. By
+analogy, by fuller development and description of the reproductive
+processes of plant and animal life on which we have touched, the
+matter of human procreation may be approached. Parents should stress
+the point, when trying to present this subject to the youthful mind,
+that man's special functions are only a detail--albeit a most
+important one--in nature's vast plan for the propagation of life on
+earth. This will have the advantage of correcting a trend on the part
+of the imaginative boy or girl to lay too much stress on the part
+humanity plays in this great general reproductive scheme. It will lay
+weight on the fact that the functional workings of reproduction are
+not, primarily, a source of pleasure, but that--when safeguarded by
+the institution of matrimony, on which civilized social life is
+based--they stand for the observance of solemn duties and obligations,
+duties to church and state, and obligations to posterity. Hence,
+parents, in talking to their children about these matters should do so
+in a sober and instructive fashion. The attention of a mother,
+perhaps, need not be called to this. But fathers may be inclined, in
+many cases, to inform their sons without insisting that the
+information they give them is, in the final analysis, intended to be
+applied to lofty constructive purposes. They may, in their desire to
+speak _practically_, forget the moral values which should underlie
+this intimate information. Never should the spirit of levity intrude
+itself in these intimate personal sex colloquies. Restraint and
+decency should always mark them.
+
+In making clear to the mind of youth the fact data which initiates and
+governs reproduction in animal and in human life, the ideal to be
+cultivated is continence, the refraining from all experimentation
+undertaken in a spirit of curiosity, until such time as a well-placed
+affection, sanctioned by the divine blessing, will justify a sane and
+normal exploitation of physical needs and urges in the matrimonial
+state. To this end hard bodily and mental work should be encouraged in
+the youth of both sexes. "Satan finds work for idle hands to do," has
+special application in this connection, and a chaste and continent
+youth is usually the forerunner of a happy and contented marriage. And
+incidentally, a happy marriage is the best guarantee that
+reproduction, the carrying on of the species, will be morally and
+physically a success. Here, too, the fact should be strongly stressed
+that prostitution cannot be justified on any moral grounds. It
+represents a deliberate ignoring of the rightful function of sex, and
+the perversion of the sane and natural laws of reproduction. It is in
+marriage, in the sane and normal activities of that unit of our whole
+social system--the family--that reproduction develops nature's basic
+principle of perpetuation in the highest and worthiest manner, in
+obedience to laws humane and divine.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER II
+
+                THE TRANSITION FROM CELL TO HUMAN BEING
+
+
+In the functional processes alluded to in the preceding chapter, the
+male germ-cell and the female germ-cell unite in a practically equal
+division of substance. We say "practically" because the maternal and
+the paternal influences are not equally divided in the offspring. One
+or the other usually predominates. But, as a general rule, it may be
+said that in the development of the embryonal life the process of cell
+division proceeds in such a way that every germ of the child's future
+organism represents approximately one-half maternal and one-half
+paternal substance and energy.
+
+In this process lies the true secret of heredity. The inherited
+energies retain their full measure of power, and all their original
+quality in the growing and dividing chromosomes (the chromosome is one
+of the segments into which the chromoplasmic filaments of a
+cell-nucleus break up just before indirect division). On the other
+hand, the egg-substance of the female germ-cell, which is assimilated
+by the chromosomes, and which is turned into _their_ substance by the
+process of organic chemistry, loses its specific plastic vital energy
+completely. It is in the same way that food eaten by the adult has
+absolutely no effect on his qualitative organic structure. We may eat
+ever so many beef-steaks without acquiring any of the characteristics
+of an ox. And the germ-cell may devour any amount of egg-protoplasma
+without losing its original paternal energy. As a rule a child
+inherits as many qualities from its mother as from its father.
+
+
+                         DETERMINATION OF SEX
+
+Sex is determined after conception has taken place. At an early stage
+of the embryo certain cells are set apart. These, later, form the sex
+glands. Modern research claims to have discovered the secret of
+absolutely determining sex in the human embryo, but even if these
+claims are valid they have not as yet met with any general
+application.
+
+
+                           EARLY DEVELOPMENT
+
+Some twelve days after conception, the female ovule or egg, which has
+been impregnated by the male spermatazooen, escapes from the ovary
+where it was impregnated, and entering a tube (Fallopian) gradually
+descends by means of it into the cavity of the womb or uterus. Here
+the little germ begins to mature in order to develop into an exact
+counterpart of its parents. In the human being the womb has only a
+single cavity, and usually develops but a single embryo.
+
+
+                                 TWINS
+
+Sometimes two ovules are matured at the same time. If fecundated, two
+embryos instead of one will develop, producing twins. Triplets and
+quadruplets, the results of the maturing of three or four ovules at
+the same time, occur more rarely. As many as five children have been
+born alive at a single birth, but have seldom lived for more than a
+few minutes.
+
+
+                               GESTATION
+
+The development of the ovule in the womb is known as gestation or
+pregnancy. The process is one of continued cell division and growth,
+and while it goes on the ovule sticks to the inner wall of the womb.
+There it is soon enveloped by a mucous membrane, which grows around it
+and incloses it.
+
+
+                              THE EMBRYO
+
+The _Primitive Trace_, a delicate straight line appearing on the
+surface of the growing layer of cells is the base of the embryonic
+spinal column. Around this the whole embryo develops in an intricate
+process of cell division and duplication. One end of the Primitive
+Trace becomes the head, the other the tail, for every human being has
+a tail at this stage of his existence. The neck is marked by a slight
+depression; the body by a swollen center. Soon little buds or "pads"
+appear in the proper positions. These represent arms and legs, whose
+ends, finally, split up into fingers and toes. The embryonic human
+being has been steadily increasing in size, meanwhile. By the fifth
+week the heart and lungs are present in a rudimentary form, and ears
+and face are distinctly outlined. During the seventh week the kidneys
+are formed, and a little later the genital organs. At two months,
+though sex is not determined as yet, eyes and nose are visible, the
+mouth is gaping, and the skin can be distinguished. At ten weeks the
+sexual organs form more definitely, and in the third month sex can be
+definitely determined.
+
+
+                              THE FOETUS
+
+At the end of its fourth month the embryo--now four or five inches
+long and weighing about an ounce--is promoted. It receives the name of
+foetus. Hairs appear on the scalp, the eyes are provided with lids,
+the tongue appears far back in the mouth. The movements of the foetus
+are plainly felt by the mother. If born at this time it lives but a
+few minutes. It continues to gain rapidly in weight. By the sixth
+month the nails are solid, the liver large and red, and there is fluid
+in the gall bladder. The seventh month finds the foetus from twelve
+and a half to fourteen inches long, and weighing about fifty-five
+ounces. It is now well proportioned, the bones of the cranium,
+formerly flat, are arched. All its parts are well defined, and it can
+live if born. By the end of the eighth month the foetus has thickened
+out. Its skin is red and covered by a delicate down; the lower jaw has
+grown to the same length as the upper one. The convolutions of the
+brain structure also appear during this month.
+
+
+                      PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD
+
+During gestation the unborn infant has been supplied with air and
+nourishment by the mother. An organ called the _Placenta_, a spongy
+growth of blood vessels, develops on the inner point of the womb. To
+this organ the growing foetus is moored by a species of cable, the
+_Umbilical Cord_. This cord, also made up mainly of blood vessels,
+carries the blood of the foetus to and from the _Placenta_, absorbing
+it through the thin walls which separate it from the mother's blood.
+Only through her blood can the mother influence the child, since the
+Umbilical Cord contains no nerves. The Umbilical Cord, attached to the
+body of the child at the navel, is cut at birth, and with the Placenta
+is expelled from the womb soon after the child has been born. Together
+with the Placenta it forms a shapeless mass, familiarly known as the
+"afterbirth," and when it is retained instead of being expelled is apt
+to cause serious trouble.
+
+
+                       CHILDBIRTH OR PARTURITION
+
+At nine month's time the foetus is violently thrust from that
+laboratory of nature in which it has formed. It is born, and comes
+into the world as a child. Considering the ordinary size of the
+generative passages, the expelling of the foetus from the womb would
+seem impossible. But Nature, during those months in which she enlarged
+the womb to hold its gradually increasing contents, has also increased
+the generative passages in size. She has made them soft and
+distensible, so that an apparent physical impossibility could take
+place, though it is often accompanied by intense suffering. Modern
+medical science has made childbirth easier, but the act of childbirth
+is usually accompanied by more or less suffering. Excessive pain,
+however, is often the result of causes which proper treatment can
+remove before and at the time of confinement.
+
+
+                            TWILIGHT SLEEP
+
+The so-called "Twilight Sleep," a modern development, by which the
+pangs of childbirth are obviated by the administration of drugs or by
+hypnotic suggestion, has its opponents and defenders. The advantage of
+a painless childbirth, upon which the mother can look back as on a
+dream, is evident. The "Twilight Sleep" process has been used with the
+happiest results both for parent and child. Opponents of this system
+declare that the use of powerful drugs may injure the child. A method
+commended is the administration of a mixture of laughing gas and
+oxygen, which relieves the mother and does not affect the child.
+
+
+                          THE NEW-BORN INFANT
+
+The average weight of the new-born child is about seven and a half
+pounds. It is insensitive to pain for the first few days, and seems
+deaf (since its middle ears are filled with a thick mucus) for the
+first two weeks. During the first few days, too, it does not seem able
+to see. The first month of its existence is purely automatic.
+Evidences of dawning intelligence appear in the second month and at
+four months it will recognize mother or nurse. Muscularly it is poorly
+developed. Not until two months old is it able to hold up its head,
+and not until three months does voluntary muscular movement put in an
+appearance. The new-born's first self-conscious act is to draw breath.
+Deprived of its usual means of supply it must breathe or suffocate.
+Its next is to suck milk, lest it starve.
+
+
+                               HEREDITY
+
+We often find children who offer a striking resemblance to a paternal
+grandfather, a maternal aunt or a maternal great-grandmother. This is
+known as atavism. There are many curious variations with regard to the
+inheritance of ancestral traits. Some children show a remarkable
+resemblance to their fathers in childhood, others to their mothers.
+And many qualities of certain individual ancestors appear quite
+suddenly late in life. Everything may be inherited, from the most
+delicate shadings of the disposition, the intelligence and the will
+power, to the least details of hair, nails and bone structure, etc.
+And the combination of the qualities of one's ancestors in heredity is
+so manifold and so unequal that it is extremely difficult to arrive at
+fixed conclusions regarding it. Hereditary traits and tendencies are
+developed out of the energies of the original conjugated germ-cells
+throughout life, up to the very day of death. Even aged men often show
+peculiarities in the evening of their life which may be clearly
+recognized as inherited, and duplicating others shown by their
+forbears at the same period of life.
+
+As has already been mentioned every individual inherits, generally
+speaking, as much from his paternal as from his maternal progenitors.
+This in spite of the fact that the tiny paternal germ-cell is the
+only medium of transmission of the paternal qualities, while the
+mother furnishes the much larger egg-cell, and feeds him throughout
+the embryonic period.
+
+
+                              THE ENGRAM
+
+An interesting theory maintains that the external impressions made
+upon an organism which reacts to them and receives them, might be
+called _engrams_ or "inscriptions." Thus the impression of some object
+we have seen or touched (let us say we have seen a lion) may remain
+engraved on our mind as an impression. Hence every memory picture is
+one of engrams, whether the impression is a conscious one or an
+unconscious one. According to this same theory the reawakening of an
+older impression is an _ecphory_. Some new stimulation may thus
+ecphorate an old engram. Now the entire embryonal development of the
+human child is in reality no more than a continuous process of
+ecphoration of old engrams, one after another. And the entire complex
+of our living human organism is made up entirely of these
+energy-complexes engraved on our consciousness or subconsciousness.
+The sum total of all these engrams, in a living human being, according
+to the theory advanced, is given the name of _mnema_. That which the
+child receives in the way of energies contained in the germ-cells from
+its ancestors is his hereditary _mnema_. And that which he acquires in
+the course of his own individual life is his acquired or individual
+_mnema_.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER III
+
+                         SEX IN MALE CHILDHOOD
+
+                            (FROM 14 TO 16)
+
+
+During the first years of child life all those laws of practical
+hygiene which make for good health should be carefully observed. Every
+organ of the body should be carefully protected, even at this early
+age. The genital organs, especially, should not be rubbed or handled
+under any pretext, beyond what is absolutely necessary for
+cleanliness. The organs of generation, which we are apt to treat as
+nonexistent in children, just because they are children, claim just as
+much watchful care as any others.
+
+
+                      SEX PRECAUTIONS IN INFANCY
+
+Even in infancy, the diaper should fit easily about the organs which
+it covers, so as not to give rise to undue friction or heating of the
+parts. And for the same reason it should always be changed immediately
+after urination or a movement of the bowels. No material which
+prevents the escape of perspiration, urine or fecal matter should be
+employed for a diaper. The use of a chair-commode as early as the end
+of the first year is highly to be commended, as being more comfortable
+for the sex organs and healthier for the child. It favors, in
+particular, a more perfect development of limbs and hip joints.
+
+
+                         EARLY SEX IMPRESSIONS
+
+Sex impressions and reactions are apt to develop at an early age,
+especially in the case of boys. If the child's physical health is
+normal, however, they should not affect his mind or body. The growing
+boy should be encouraged to take his sex questions and sex problems to
+his parents (in his case preferably the father) for explanation. Thus
+they may be made clear to him naturally and logically. He should not
+be told what he soon discovers is not true: that babies are "dug up
+with a silver spade," or make their appearances in the family thanks
+to the kind offices of storks or angels. Instead, by analogy with the
+reproductive processes of all nature, the true facts of sex may be
+explained to him in a soothing and normal way.
+
+
+                          EVIL COMMUNICATIONS
+
+Too often, the growing boy receives his first lessons regarding sex
+from ignorant and vicious associates. Curiosity is one of the greatest
+natural factors in the child's proper development, if rightly
+directed. When wrongly led, however, it may have the worst
+consequences. Even before puberty occurs, a boy's attention may be
+quite naturally drawn to his own sex organs.
+
+
+               NATURAL CAUSES OF INFANT SEXUAL PRECOCITY
+
+Sexual precocity in boys may be natural or it may be artificially
+called forth. Among natural causes which develop sex precocity is
+promiscuous playing with other boys and girls for hours without
+supervision. It may also be produced by playful repose on the stomach,
+sliding down banisters, going too long without urinating, by
+constipation or straining at stool, irritant cutaneous affections, and
+rectal worms. Sliding down banisters, for instance, produces a
+titillation. The act may be repeated until inveterate masturbation
+results, even at an early age. Needless laving, handling and rubbing
+of the private parts is another natural incitement to sexual
+precocity.
+
+
+                               PRIAPISM
+
+_Priapism_ is a disease which boys often develop. It may be either a
+result or a cause of sexual precocity, and may come from undue
+handling of the genital parts or from a morbid state of health. It
+takes the form of paroxysms, more or less frequent, and of violent and
+often painful erection, calling for a physician's attention. If the
+result of a functional disorder, and not arrested, it is in danger of
+giving rise to masturbation. This morbid condition sometimes seriously
+impairs the health.
+
+
+                             MASTURBATION
+
+_Masturbation_, the habit of self-abuse, often formed before puberty,
+is an artificial development of sexual precocity. Most boys, from the
+age of nine to fourteen, interest themselves in sex questions and
+matters, but these are usually presented to them in a lewd and
+improper manner, by improperly informed companions. Dwelling upon
+these thoughts the boy is led to play with his sex organs in secret
+and masturbation results. A secret vice of the most dangerous kind,
+masturbation or self-pollution is often taught by older boys and takes
+place, to quote an authority "in many of our colleges, boarding,
+public and private schools," and is also indulged in by companions
+beneath the home roof. If it becomes habitual, generally impaired
+health, and often epilepsy, and total moral and physical degradation
+results. Stains on the nightshirt or sheet occurring before puberty
+are absolute evidence of the vice in boys.
+
+
+                 WHAT FATHERS SHOULD DO FOR THEIR BOYS
+
+Make sex facts clear to your boy as interesting, matter-of-fact
+developments of general natural laws. Ungratified or improperly
+gratified curiosity is what leads to a young boy's overemphasizing the
+facts of sex as they apply to him. Make him your confidant. Teach him
+to think cleanly and to act cleanly, neither to ignore nor to exalt
+the sexual. Especially, when he himself is directly disturbed
+sexually, either in a mental or physical way, let him feel that he can
+apply to you naturally for relief and explanation. If this be done,
+your boy's sex development before puberty will be natural and normal,
+and when the more serious and difficult problems of adolescence
+present themselves, he will be prepared to handle them on the basis of
+right thinking and right living. Natural and healthy sport in the open
+air, and the avoidance of foul language and indecency should be
+stressed. The use of alcohol, coffee and tea by children tends to
+weaken their sexual organs. Every boy should know that chastity means
+continence. He should know that lascivious thoughts lead to lascivious
+actions, and that these are a drain on his system which may spoil his
+life in later years.
+
+In the education of his children the average man is only too apt to
+repeat the same mistake of unconsciously crediting the child with the
+possession of his own feelings and his own outlook, that is the
+feelings and outlook of the adult. In general, things which may make
+an impression in a sex way on the adult are a matter of indifference
+to the sexually unripe boy. Hence it is quite possible for a father to
+discuss sex matters with his young son and inform him constructively,
+without in any undue way rousing his sex curiosity or awakening
+desire. Such talks, of course, should be in accordance with the
+principles already laid down in the section on "Reproduction."
+
+If a boy is accustomed and taught to regard sex conditions and matters
+in a proper and innocent manner, as something perfectly natural,
+improper curiosity and eroticism are far less likely to be aroused
+than when this is not the case. For the whole subject will have lost
+the dangerous attraction of novelty. On the other hand, we find boys
+who have been brought up with great prudery and in complete ignorance
+of sex matters (save that which may come to them from impure sources)
+greatly excited and ashamed by the first appearance of the indications
+of puberty. Secrecy is the enemy of a clean, normal conception on the
+part of the child as to the right place sex and the sex function play
+in life and in the world. It stands to reason, of course, that every
+least detail of the sex question cannot be intelligently made clear to
+a little child. But his questions should all be answered, honestly,
+and with due regard for his age and his capacity to understand what is
+explained to him.
+
+One very great advantage of an early paternal explanation of sex
+matters to the boy is its beneficial effect on the mind and the
+nerves. Many boys brood or grow melancholy when confronted with sex
+riddles and problems for which they are unable to find a solution; and
+as the result of totally erroneous ideas they may have formed with
+regard to sex matters. At the same time too much attention should not
+be paid the discussion of sex questions between father and son. A
+father should, so far as possible, endeavor to develop other interests
+and preoccupations in his boy, and turn his mind as much as may be
+_away_ from matters sexual, until the age when the youth is ripe for
+marriage is reached.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IV
+
+                        SEX IN FEMALE CHILDHOOD
+
+                            (FROM 12 TO 14)
+
+
+What has been said in general about practical observance of the laws
+of sex hygiene in the preceding chapter for boys, applies to girls as
+well. If anything the sex precautions taken in infancy should be even
+more closely followed, as girls are by nature less robust than boys.
+If children could be raised in entire accordance with natural laws,
+the sexual instinct of girls as well as boys would probably remain
+dormant during the period stretching from infancy to puberty. As in
+the case of the boy, so in that of the girl, any manifestation of
+sexual precocity should be investigated, to see whether it be due to
+natural or artificial causes. In either case the proper remedies
+should be applied.
+
+
+                        SEX PRECOCITY IN GIRLS
+
+There are cases of extraordinary sex precocity in girls. One case
+reported in the United States was that of a female child who at birth
+possessed all the characteristics usually developed at puberty. In
+this case the natural periodical changes began at birth! Fortunately,
+this is a case more or less unique. In little girls and boys undue
+sexual handling or titillating of their genital organs tends to quiet
+them, so nurses (let us hope in ignorance of the consequences!) often
+resort to it. Sending children to bed very early, to "get rid of
+them," or confining them in a room by themselves, tends to encourage
+the development of vicious habits. A single bed, both in the school
+and in the home, is indispensable to purity of morals and personal
+cleanliness. It tends to restrain too early development of the sexual
+instinct both in small girls and small boys.
+
+
+                      SEXUAL SELF-ABUSE IN GIRLS
+
+Small girls, like small boys, display an intelligent curiosity as
+regards the phenomena of sex at an early age. And what has already
+been said regarding its improper gratification in the preceding
+chapter, so far as boys are concerned, applies with equal force to
+them. In their case, however, the mother is a girl's natural confidant
+and friend. Self-abuse in one or another form is as common in the case
+of the girl as in that of the boy. As a rule, girls who live an
+outdoor life, and work with their muscles more than their mind, do not
+develop undue precocious sexual curiosities or desires. At least they
+do not do so to the same extent as those more nervously and
+susceptibly constituted. The less delicate and sensitive children of
+the country tend less to these habits than their more sensitively
+organized city brothers and sisters. Girls who have formed vicious
+habits are apt to indulge in the practice of self-abuse at night when
+going to bed. If there is cause for suspicion, the bedclothes should
+be quickly and suddenly thrown off under some pretense. Self-abuse
+usually has a marked effect on the genital organs of girls. The inner
+organs become unnaturally enlarged and distended, and _leucorrhea_,
+catarrh of the vagina, attended by a discharge of greenish-white
+mucus, often develops.
+
+
+                    RESULTS OF SELF-ABUSE IN GIRLS
+
+Local diseases, due to this cause, result in girls as well as boys.
+Temporary congestions become permanent, and develop into permanent
+irritations and disorders. Leucorrhea has already been mentioned.
+Contact with the acrid, irritating internal secretions also causes
+_soreness of the fingers at the root of the nails_, and warts.
+Congestion and other diseases are other ultimate results of the habit;
+and these congestions to which it gives rise unduly hasten the advent
+of puberty. Any _decided enlargement of the labia and clitoris in a
+young girl_ may be taken as a positive evidence of the existence of
+the habit of self-abuse. Sterility, and atrophy of the breasts--their
+deficient development--when the vice is begun before puberty, is
+another result.
+
+
+               PRURITIS AND FEMININE NOCTURNAL EMISSIONS
+
+_Pruritis_ (itching genitals), though not necessarily caused by
+self-abuse, may be one of its consequences. Continued congestion
+causes the genital parts to itch terribly. This itching increases
+until the desire to manipulate the genitals becomes irresistible. It
+will then be indulged in even in the presence of strangers, though the
+girl in question at other times may be exceptionally modest. Girls
+addicted to the vice also suffer from nocturnal emissions. The general
+effect of self-abuse is much the same in the case of a girl as in that
+of a boy, for leucorrhea is injurious in somewhat the same fashion as
+seminal loss. In the case of girls the greatest injury, however, is
+due to the nervous exhaustion which succeeds the unnatural excitement.
+
+
+                WHAT MOTHERS SHOULD DO FOR THEIR GIRLS
+
+A healthy girl should be happy and comfortable in all respects. She
+will not be so, especially with regard to her sex problems, unless she
+can appeal to her mother as a friend and confidant. While keeping your
+girl's mind pure and healthy by precept and example, do not forget
+that the best way to protect her against evil influences and
+communications is to tell her the exact truth about sex facts, as they
+apply to her, just as the father should his boy. Keep your girl fully
+occupied and do not leave her sex education to the evil winds of
+chance.
+
+Let sex knowledge take its place as a proper, necessary part of her
+general education. If your daughter feels she can at all times talk
+freely to you all will be well. Gratify her natural sex curiosity in a
+natural way. See that _immediate_ medical attention is given
+inflammations, excoriations, itchings and swellings of her genital
+organs. Such conditions will lead her to rub and scratch these
+parts--never to be touched--for relief. If, as a result of the
+sensations experienced, masturbation results, _yours is the sin_.
+
+
+
+
+                               CHAPTER V
+
+                      SEX IN THE ADOLESCENT MALE
+
+                      (FROM PUBERTY TO MATURITY)
+
+
+Adolescence is the period when the boy is lost in the man. It is the
+time of life embraced between the ages of fourteen or sixteen and the
+age of twenty-five. Every boy, if properly trained, should reach this
+period in a state of good general health and spirits. Hitherto he has
+been led and guided. Now he must develop mental strength and will
+power himself to choose the good and refuse the evil in the sexual
+problems confronting him.
+
+
+                                PUBERTY
+
+According to climate puberty, the age when the human male becomes
+sexually perfect, varies from ten to fifteen years. In the United
+States puberty in the male usually occurs at the age of fourteen and a
+half years. In tropical climates it occurs at nine or ten, and in cold
+countries, such as Norway and Siberia, it may not take place until
+eighteen or nineteen. Vigorous physical exercise tends to delay
+puberty, anything exciting the emotions tends to hasten it.
+Stimulating foods, pepper, vinegar, mustard, spices, tea and coffee,
+excess meat nutriment hasten puberty. A cool, unstimulating vegetable
+and farinaceous diet may delay the development of the sexual system
+several months or a year.
+
+
+                   THE SIGNS AND CHANGES OF PUBERTY
+
+In the boy the signs of puberty are the growth of hair on the skin
+covering the pubes and in the armpits. Chest and arms broaden, the
+frame grows more angular, the masculine proportions more pronounced.
+The vocal cords grow longer and lower the pitch of the voice. Hair
+grows on chin, upper lip, cheeks, and often on the body surface.
+
+
+                         THE SEXUAL MORAL LAW
+
+The sexual moral law is the same for both sexes, and equally binding.
+It may be summed up as follows: "Your sexual urges, instincts and
+desires should never consciously injure an individual human being or
+mankind in general. They should be exercised to further the value and
+happiness of both."
+
+
+                  THE MALE ADOLESCENT AND CONTINENCE
+
+The perfect carrying out of this general moral law implies continence
+on the part of the male adolescent until marriage. Continence is
+positive restraint under all circumstances. Strict continence is
+neither injurious to health, nor does it produce impotence. While
+self-denial is difficult, since the promptings of nature often seem
+imperious, it is not impossible. It is certain that no youth will
+suffer, physically, by remaining sexually pure. The demands which
+occur during adolescence are mainly abnormal, due to the excitements
+of an overstimulating diet, pornographic literature and art, and the
+temptations of impure association.
+
+
+                        WHY YOUNG MEN GO WRONG
+
+Foul thoughts, once they enter the mind, corrode it. The sensual
+glance, the bawdy laugh, the ribald jest, the smutty story, the
+obscene song may be met with on street corner, in the car, train,
+hotel lobby, lecture hall and workshop. Mental unchastity ends in
+physical unchastity. The habit common to most adolescent boys and
+young men of relating smutty stories, repeating foul jokes and making
+indecent allusions destroys respect for virtue. In addition there are
+such direct physical causes of undue adolescent sexual excitement as
+constipation and alcoholism, and such mental ones as nervous
+irritability.
+
+To the constant discussion and speculation regarding sex and its
+mysteries by the adolescent young male, must be added the artificial
+idea that idle prattling on the subject is a sign of "manhood." Thus
+many young men whose natural trend is in the direction of decency and
+right sexual living, "step out" or "go to see the girls," as the
+phrase is, because they think that otherwise "they are not real men."
+More subtle in its evil effect, yet somewhat less dangerous
+physically, perhaps, than the professional prostitute is the lure of
+the "hidden" prostitute, who carefully conceals her derelictions, and
+publicly wraps herself in a mantle of virtue.
+
+
+                             PROSTITUTION
+
+The training of the average male mind in impure language and thought
+during boyhood and adolescence, the cultivation of his animal at the
+expense of the moral nature, often leads the adolescent to seek
+satisfaction by frequenting the prostitute.
+
+_Prostitution_, known as the "social evil," is promiscuous unchastity
+for gain. It has existed in all civilized countries from earliest
+times. Prostitution abuses the instinct for reproduction, the basic
+element of sex, to offer certain women a livelihood which they prefer
+to other means. Love of excitement, inherited criminal propensities,
+indolence and abnormal sex appetite are first causes of prostitution.
+Difficulty in finding work, laborious and ill-paid work, harsh
+treatment of girls at home, indecent living among the poor, contact
+with demoralizing companions, loose literature and amusements are
+secondary causes. They all contribute to debauch male and female youth
+and lead it to form dangerous habits of vicious sensual indulgence.
+
+Prostitution seems inseparable from human society in large
+communities. The fact is acknowledged in the name given it, "the
+necessary evil." Regulation and medical control only arrest in a
+degree the spread of venereal diseases to which prostitution gives
+rise. The elementary laws on which prostitution rests seems to be
+stronger than the artificial codes imposed by moral teaching. It is an
+evil which must be combatted _individually_. Men are principally
+responsible, in one way or another, for the existence of the social
+evil. In the case of the young man, abstention is the only cure for
+the probable results of indulging his animal passions by recourse to
+the prostitute.
+
+Prostitution, both public and private is the most dangerous menace to
+society at large. It is the curse of individual young manhood because
+of the venereal diseases it spreads. One visit to a house of
+prostitution may ruin a young man's health and life, and millions of
+human beings die annually from the effects of poison contracted in
+these houses. "Wild oats" sown in company with the prostitute usually
+bear fruit in the shape of the most loathsome and destructive sex
+disorders.
+
+The development of self-control, the avoidance of impure thoughts and
+associations, the cultivation of the higher moral nature instead of
+the lower animal one, and, finally, _marriage_, should prevent the
+young man from falling into prostitution. All the state and medical
+regulation in the world will not protect him from the venereal
+diseases he is so apt to acquire by such indulgence.
+
+
+                               FREE LOVE
+
+Free love is the doctrine of _unrestrained choice, without binding
+ties_, in sexual relations. For altogether different reasons, however,
+it is quite as objectionable as prostitution for the young man. It may
+offer better hygienic guarantees. But it is a sexual partnership which
+is opposed to the fundamental institution of _marriage_, on which
+society in general is based throughout the world. And, aside from the
+fact that it is a promiscuous relationship not sanctioned by law or
+society, it is seldom practically successful. It cannot admit of true
+love without bitter jealousies.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER VI
+
+                     SEX IN THE ADOLESCENT FEMALE
+
+                      (FROM PUBERTY TO MATURITY)
+
+
+Adolescence in the girl is the period when she develops into a woman.
+It is that stage in female life embraced between the ages of twelve or
+fourteen and twenty-one years. Elasticity of body, a clear complexion,
+and a happy control of her feelings should mark the young girl at this
+time, if she has been so fortunate as to escape the dangers and
+baneful influences of childhood and infancy. Her numerous bodily
+functions should be well performed. Thus constituted she should be in
+a condition to take up her coming struggle with the world, and the sex
+problem it will present.
+
+
+                                PUBERTY
+
+It has been noticed that in the case of girls, puberty usually occurs
+earlier in brunettes than in blondes. In general, it makes its
+appearance earlier in those of a nervous or bilio-nervous temperament
+than in those whose temperament is phlegmatic or lymphatic. In the
+United States fourteen and a half years is the usual age of puberty in
+girls. In tropical lands, however, it is not uncommon for a girl to be
+a mother at twelve. Country girls (and boys) usually mature several
+months or a year later than those living in cities. Too early a
+puberty in girls may well arouse concern. It usually indicates some
+inherent constitutional weakness. Premature puberty is often
+associated with premature decay.
+
+
+                   THE SIGNS AND CHANGES OF PUBERTY
+
+In the girl the sign of puberty is the growth of hair about the pubes,
+private organs and armpits. Her whole frame remains more slender than
+in the male. Muscles and joints are less prominent, limbs more rounded
+and tapering. Internal and external organs undergo rapid enlargement,
+locally. The _mammae_ (the breasts) enlarge, the ovaries dilate, and a
+periodical uteral discharge (menstruation) is established.
+
+
+                             MENSTRUATION
+
+No young girl should feel alarmed if, owing to the negligence of her
+parents or guardians to prepare her, she is surprised by this first
+flow from the genital organs. Puberty is the proper time for the
+appearance of menstruation. This is the periodical development and
+discharge of an ovule (one or more) by the female, accompanied by the
+discharge of a fluid, known as menses or catamenia. Menstruation, in
+general good health, should occur about every twenty-eight days, or
+once in four weeks. This rule, however, is subject to great variation.
+Menstruation continues from puberty to about the forty-fifth year,
+which usually marks the _menopause_, or "change of life." When it
+disappears a woman is no longer capable of bearing children. Her
+period of fertility has passed. In rare cases menstruation has stopped
+at 35, or lasted till 60.
+
+
+               HINTS FOR OBSERVANCE DURING MENSTRUATION
+
+When the period arrives a girl or woman has a feeling of discomfort
+and lassitude, there is a sense of weight, and a disclination for
+society. Menstruation should not, however, be regarded as a nuisance;
+a girl's friends respect her most when she is "unwell." She should
+keep more than usually quiet while the flow continues, which it will
+do for a few days. Also, she should avoid all unnecessary fatigue,
+exposure to wet or to extremes of temperature. Some girls are guilty
+of the crime of trying to arrest the menstruation flow, and resorting
+to methods of stopping it. Why? In order to attend a dance or pleasure
+excursion! Lives have been lost by thus suppressing the monthly flux.
+Mothers should instruct their daughters when the menses are apt to
+begin, and what their function is. During menstruation great care must
+be taken in using water internally. A chill is sufficient to arrest
+the flow. If menstruation does not establish itself in a healthy or
+normal manner at the proper time, consult a physician in order to
+remove this abnormal condition. Any disturbance of the delicate
+menstrual functions during the period, by constrained positions,
+muscular effort, brain work and mental or physical excitement, is apt
+to have serious consequences.
+
+
+               CONTINENCE AND THE YOUNG ADOLESCENT GIRL
+
+Continence is, as a rule more easily observed by the adolescent girl
+than by the adolescent youth. Ordinarily the normal young girl has no
+_undue_ sexual propensities, amorous thoughts or feelings. Though she
+is exposed to the danger of meeting other girls who may be lewd in
+thought and speech, in the houses of friends or at school, she is not
+apt to be carried away by their example. Yet even a good, pure-minded
+young girl may be debauched. Especially during adolescence, the easy
+observance of natural continence depends greatly on the proper
+functioning of the feminine genital organs. These may be easily
+disturbed. The syringe used for injections, for so-called purposes of
+cleanliness, is in reality a danger. The inner organs are
+self-cleansing. Water or other fluids cast into them disorder the
+mucous follicles, and dry up their secretions, preventing the flowing
+out of some of Nature's necessities. A daily washing of the inner
+organs for a long period with water also produces chronic leucorrhea.
+
+
+                         WHY YOUNG GIRLS FALL
+
+Lack of proper early training, abnormal sex instincts, weak good
+nature, poverty, all may be responsible for a young girl's moral
+downfall. As a general thing, right home training and home
+environment, and sane sex education will prevent the normally good
+girl from going wrong. It should be remembered, though, that a
+naturally more gentle and yielding disposition may easily lead her
+into temptation. Girls who are sentimentally inclined should beware of
+giving way to advances on the part of young men which have only one
+object in view: the gratification of their animal passion.
+
+The holding of hands and similar innocent beginnings often pave the
+way for more familiar caresses. Passionate kisses--the promiscuous
+kiss, by the way, may be the carrier of that dread infection,
+syphilis--violently awaken a young girl's sex instincts. The fact is
+that many innocent girls idealize their seducers. They believe their
+lying promises, actually come to love them, and think that in
+gratifying their inflamed desires, they are giving a proof of the
+depth and purity of their own affection.
+
+Here, as in the case of the young man, self-control should be the
+first thing cultivated. And self-control should be made doubly sure by
+never permitting one of the opposite sex to show undue familiarity.
+Many a seemingly innocent flirtation, begun with a kiss, has ended in
+shame and disgrace, in loss of social standing and position, venereal
+disease, or even death. The pure-minded and innocent girl often
+becomes a victim of her ignorance of the consequences entailed by
+giving in to the desires of some male companion. _The girl who has a
+knowledge of sex facts is less apt to be taken advantage of in this
+manner._
+
+
+             MODERN CONDITIONS WHICH ENCOURAGE IMMORALITY
+
+_Excessive Freedom._--The excessive freedom granted the young girl,
+especially since the World War, must be held responsible for a great
+increase in familiarity between the adolescent youth of both sexes.
+Many young girls of the "flapper" type, in particular, are victims of
+these conditions of unrestrained sex association. Sex precocity is
+furthered in coeducational colleges, in the high school and the home.
+Adolescents of both sexes too often are practically unhampered in
+their comings and goings, their words and actions. The surreptitious
+pocket flask, filled with "hooch," is often a feature of social
+parties, dances and affairs frequented by young people. Girls and boys
+drink together, and as alcohol weakens moral resistance in the one
+case, and stimulates desire in the other, deplorable consequences
+naturally result. In the United States the number of girls "sent home"
+from colleges, and of high-school girls being privately treated by
+physicians to save them from disgrace, is incredibly large.
+
+Parents who do not control the social activities of their daughters,
+who permit them to spend their evenings away from home with only a
+general idea of what they are doing or whom they are meeting, need not
+be surprised if their morals are undermined.
+
+_The Auto._--The advent of the automobile is responsible for an easy
+and convenient manner of satisfying precociously aroused sex instincts
+in young girls and boys. Often, unconscientious pleasure-seekers roam
+the roads in their auto. They accost girls who are walking and offer
+them a "lift." When the latter refuse to gratify their desires they
+are often beaten and flung from the car. The daily press has given
+such publicity to this civilized form of "head hunting," that it is
+difficult to sympathize with girls who are thus treated. They cannot
+help but know that in nine cases out of ten, a stranger who invites
+them to a ride, who "picks" them up, does so with the definite purpose
+already mentioned in view.
+
+_Poverty._--Poverty, too, plays a large part in driving young girls
+into a life of vice. In all our large cities there are hundreds of
+young women who earn hardly enough to buy food and fuel and pay for
+the rent of a room in a cheap lodging house. Feminine youth longs for
+dress, for company, for entertainment. It is easy enough to find a
+"gentleman friend" who will provide all three, in exchange for
+"companionship." So the bargain is struck. These conditions exist in a
+hundred and one occupations. A young woman may go to a large city as
+pure as snow, but finding no lucrative employment, lonely and
+despondent, she is led to take her first step on the downward path.
+Soon daily contact with vice removes abhorrence to it. Familiarity
+makes it habitual, and another life is ruined. The heartless moral
+code of the cynical young pleasure-seeking male is summed up in the
+cant phrase anent women: "Find, ... and forget!" It is these girls,
+who are victimized by their lack of self-restraint or moral principle,
+their ignorance or weakness, who make possible the application of such
+a maxim.
+
+
+                               VIRGINITY
+
+Both mental and physical purity are rightfully required of the young
+girl about to marry. How shall she acquire and maintain this desirable
+state of purity? The process is a simple one. _She must let a
+knowledge of the true hygienic and moral laws of her sex guide her in
+her relations with men._ She must cultivate clean thought on a basis
+of physical cleanliness. She need not be ignorant to be pure. Men she
+should study carefully. She should not allow them to sit with their
+arm about her waist, to hold her hand, to kiss her. No approach nor
+touch beyond what the best social observance sanctions should be
+permitted. Even the tendernesses and familiarities of courtship should
+be restrained. An engagement does not necessarily culminate in a
+marriage, and once the foot has slipped on virtue's path the error
+cannot be recalled. These considerations, together with those adduced
+in the preceding section, "Why Young Girls Fall," are well worth
+taking to heart by every young woman who wishes to approach matrimony
+in the right and proper way.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER VII
+
+                     SEX IN THE MARRIAGE RELATION
+
+                              THE HUSBAND
+
+
+Marriage is the process by which a man and woman enter into a complete
+physical, legal and moral union. The natural object of marriage is the
+complete community of life for the establishment of a family.
+
+
+                  THE MARRIAGEABLE AGE AND ADAPTATION
+
+At twenty-four the male body attains its complete development; and
+twenty-five is a proper age for the young man to marry. Romantic love,
+personal affection on a basis of congeniality, mutual adaptation, a
+similar social sphere of life, should determine his choice. Nature and
+custom indicate that the husband should be somewhat older than the
+wife.
+
+
+                       MEN WHO SHOULD NOT MARRY
+
+Men suffering with diseases which may be communicated by contagion or
+heredity should not marry. These diseases include: tuberculosis,
+syphilis, cancer, leprosy, epilepsy and some nervous disorders, some
+skin diseases and insanity. A worn-out rake has no business to marry,
+since marriage is not a hospital for the treatment of disease, or a
+reformatory institution for moral lepers. Those having a marked
+tendency to disease must not marry those of similar tendency. The
+marriage of cousins is not to be advocated. The blood relation tends
+to bring together persons with similar morbid tendencies. Where both
+are healthy, however, there seems to be no special liability to mental
+incompetency, though such marriages are accused of producing defective
+or idiot children. Men suffering from congenital defects should not
+marry. Natural blindness, deafness, muteness, and congenital
+deformities of limb are more or less likely to be passed on to their
+children. There are cases of natural blindness, though, to which this
+rule does not apply. Criminals, alcoholics, and persons
+disproportionate in size should not marry. In the last-mentioned, lack
+of mutual physical adaptability may produce much unhappiness,
+especially on the part of the wife. Serious local disease, sterility,
+and great risk in childbirth may result. Disparity of years, disparity
+of race, a poverty which will not permit the proper raising of
+children, undesirable moral character are all good reasons for not
+marrying.
+
+
+                  MEDICAL EXAMINATION BEFORE MARRIAGE
+
+Medical examination as a preliminary to marriage is practically more
+valuable than a marriage license. Since many entirely innocent young
+girls to-day suffer from disease, incurred either through hereditary
+or accidental infection, a would-be husband may be said to be quite as
+much entitled to protection as his bride-to-be. Prohibitive physical
+defects are also discovered in this connection.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VIII
+
+                     SEX IN THE MARRIAGE RELATION
+
+                               THE WIFE
+
+
+Girls marry, in the final analysis, because love for the male is an
+innate natural principle of the female nature. At its best this love
+is pure and chaste. The good woman realizes that its first purpose is
+not mere carnal pleasure. It is a special avowal of the wife's
+relations to her husband, and its natural as well as moral end is the
+establishment of the family on the basis of a healthy progeny.
+
+
+                            BEFORE MARRIAGE
+
+The wife-to-be, like her prospective husband, will be well advised to
+ask for a medical health certificate. No man, no matter how good his
+reputation may be, should marry (on his own account as well as that of
+the girl) without thorough examination by a physician. The
+consequences of venereal infection administered to unborn children by
+their parents are too horrible to allow of any risk being taken.
+Another bit of advice, which cannot be too highly commended, is that
+the prospective husband and wife, before they marry, have a plain talk
+with each other regarding individual sexual peculiarities and needs. A
+heart-to-heart talk of this kind would be apt to prevent great
+disappointments and incompatibilities which otherwise may become
+permanent.
+
+
+                       THE WIFE AND HER POSITION
+
+The natural instinct of a man is to seek his mate. On her he depends
+for an orderly and lawful indulgence of his sex demands. The greatest
+longevity and best health are to be found among happily married
+fathers and mothers. No young woman should marry without a full
+knowledge of her sex duties to her husband. And she should never
+consummate the marriage vow grudgingly.
+
+
+                          CHILDBIRTH HYGIENE
+
+Childbirth is the natural consequence of marriage. Its processes have
+already been explained in Chapter II of this book. There are, however,
+some hygienic facts in connection with it which should be noted. Once
+pregnancy is established, as soon as the fact is suspected, the
+mother-to-be should look on the little embryo as already a member of
+the family. Every act of each parent should now be performed (at least
+to some degree) with reference to the forthcoming infant. The mother's
+thoughts should be directed to it as much as possible. Mentally she
+should read literature of a lofty and ennobling character. The theory
+is that this serves a good purpose in producing a more perfect,
+healthy and intelligent child. Physically, she should take plenty of
+active exercise during gestation. Active exercise does not, of course,
+mean violent exercise. And she should use a "Health Lift." During
+this time she should subsist as far as possible on a farinaceous
+diet, fruits and vegetables. The foods should be plainly cooked,
+without spices. If all else is as it should be, the birth of the child
+at the end of the customary nine months will be attended by
+comparatively little pain and danger.
+
+
+                HOW OFTEN SHOULD CHILDBIRTH TAKE PLACE?
+
+It is most important that the childbearing wife and mother have a long
+period of rest between births. At least one year should separate a
+birth and the conception following it. This means that about two years
+should elapse between two births. If this rule be followed, the wife
+will retain her health, and her children will also be healthy. It is
+far better to give birth to seven children, who will live and be
+healthy, than to bear fourteen, of whom seven are likely to die, while
+the numerous successive births wear out and age the unfortunate
+mother.
+
+
+                        MATRIMONIAL ADJUSTMENT
+
+The above paragraph deals with one detail of what might be called
+"matrimonial adjustment." This adjustment or compromise is a feature
+of all successful marriages. The individual cravings of husband and
+wife must be reconciled by mutual good will and forbearance if they
+are to be happy. Attention should be paid in particular to not
+allowing habit, "the worst foe of married happiness," to become too
+well established in the home, and to cultivate that love and affection
+which survives the decline of the sexual faculties.
+
+
+                          THE IDEAL MARRIAGE
+
+The ideal marriage is the one in which affection combines to bring
+happiness to both partners in a sane union of sex and soul. As one
+commentator has rather unhappily expressed it: "When married the
+_battle_ for one united and harmonious life really begins!" It is,
+indeed, but too often a _battle_! Forbearance, consideration and
+respect must be the foundation on which the ideal married state is
+built. The husband should realize that his wife's love for him induces
+her to allow privileges of a personal nature which her innate chastity
+and timidity might otherwise refuse. In return, he should accept these
+privileges with consideration. He should, in particular, on his
+wedding night, take care not to shock his young bride's sensibilities.
+He may easily give her a shock from which she will not recover for
+years, and lead her to form an antipathy against the very act which is
+"the bond and seal of a truly happy married life."
+
+
+                             BIRTH CONTROL
+
+Material changes have taken place in the birth-rate of a number of
+countries during the past fifteen or twenty years which cannot be
+attributed to purely economic causes. They do not seem to depend on
+such things as trade, employment and prices; but on the spread of an
+idea or influence whose tendency must be deplored, that of "birth
+control," a phrase much heard in these days.
+
+The fact that a decline in human fertility and a falling birth rate
+are most noticeable in the relatively prosperous countries is a proof
+that it does not proceed from economic causes; but is due rather to
+the spread of the doctrine that it is permissible to restrict or
+control birth. In such countries as the United States, England and
+Australasia, where the standards of human comfort and living are
+notoriously high, the decline in the birth rate has been most
+noticeable. On the other hand, we find perhaps the greatest decline in
+the birth rate in France, a country where the general well-being
+probably reaches a lower depth in the community than in any other part
+of Europe. A comparison of the birth rates of France and of Ireland,
+for example, offer a valuable illustration of the point under
+consideration. In France, more than half the women who have reached
+the age of nubility are married; in Ireland, generally speaking, less
+than a third. In both countries the crude birth rate is far below that
+in other European lands. Yet the fertility of the Irish wife exceeded
+that of her French compeer by 44 per cent in 1880, and by no less than
+84 per cent in 1900. And since that time the prolificity of the Irish
+mother has so increased that she is now, approximately speaking,
+inferior only to the Dutch or Finnish mother in this respect.
+
+In general, in any country where we find a diminished prolificity a
+falling off of childbirth _unaccompanied_ by a decrease in the number
+of marriages occurring at the reproductive ages, we may attribute this
+decrease to _voluntary restriction of childbearing_ on the part of the
+married, or in other words, to the prevalence of "birth control."
+This incidentally, is not a theoretical statement, but one supported
+by the almost unanimous medical opinion in all countries. Everywhere
+and especially here in our own United States, we find evidence of the
+extensive employ of "birth control" measures to prevent that normal
+development of family life which underlies the vigor and racial power
+of every nation. These preventive measures which arbitrarily control
+human birth had long been in use in France with results which,
+especially since the war, have been frequently and publicly deplored
+in the press, and have led the French Government to offer substantial
+rewards to encourage the propagation of large families. From France
+the preventive practices of "birth control" had spread, after 1870,
+over nearly all the countries of western Europe, to England and to the
+United States; though they are not as much apparent in those countries
+where the Roman Church has a strong hold on the people.
+
+As a general thing, the practice of thus unnaturally limiting
+families--"unnaturally" since the custom of "birth control" derives
+from no natural, physical law--prevails, in the first instance, among
+the well-to-do, who should rather be the first to set the example of
+protest against it by having the families they are so much better able
+to support and educate than those less favored with the world's goods.
+If the evil of voluntary control of human birth were restricted to a
+privileged class, say one of wealth, the harm done would, perhaps, not
+be so great. But, unfortunately, in the course of time it filters
+down as a "gospel of comfort"--erroneous term!--to those whose
+resources are less. They accept and practice this invidious system of
+prevention and gradually the entire community is more or less
+affected.
+
+The whole system of "birth control" is opposed to natural, human and
+religious law. Nature, in none of her manifestations, introduces
+anything which may tend to prevent her great reason for being--the
+propagation of the species. Birth as the natural sequence of mating is
+her solemn and invariable law. It is in birth and rebirth that nature
+renews herself and all the life of the animal and vegetable world, and
+her primal aim is to encourage it. Human law recognizes this
+underlying law of nature by forbidding man to tamper in a preventive
+way with her hallowed and mysterious processes for perpetuating the
+human race. Religious law, based on the divine dispensation of the
+Scriptures, indorses the law of nature and that of the state.
+
+We may take it, then, that "birth control" represents a deliberate and
+reprehensible attempt to nullify those innate laws of reproduction
+sanctioned by religion, tradition and man's own ingrained instinct. To
+say that the human instinct for the perpetuation of his race and
+family has become atrophied during the flight of time, and that he is
+therefore justified in denying it, is merely begging the question. The
+instinct may be denied, just as other higher and nobler instincts are
+disregarded; but its validity cannot be questioned. Whether those who
+practice "birth control" are influenced by economic, selfishly
+personal or other reasons, they are offending in a threefold manner:
+against the inborn wish and desire which is a priceless possession of
+even the least of God's creatures, that of living anew in its
+offspring; against the law of the state, which after all, stands for
+the crystallization of the best feeling of the community; and against
+the divine injunction handed down to us in Holy Writ, to "increase and
+multiply."
+
+"Birth control" is the foe to the direct end and aim of marriage,
+which, in the last analysis, is childbirth. As an enemy to the
+procreation of children it is an enemy of the family and the family
+group. As an enemy of the family, it is an enemy of the state, the
+community, a foe to the whole social system. Mankind has been able to
+attain its comparatively recent state of moral and physical
+advancement without having recourse to the dangerous principle which
+"birth control" represents. Surely that wise provision of our existing
+legal code which makes the printing or dissemination of information
+regarding the physical facts of "birth control" illegal and punishable
+as an offense, can only be approved by those who respect the
+Omnipotent will, and the time-hallowed traditions which date back to
+the very inception of the race.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IX
+
+                             SEX DISEASES
+
+
+The sex diseases are the same in both sexes, whether developed by
+direct or accidental infection. They are the greatest practical
+argument in favor of continence, morality and marriage in the sex
+relation.
+
+
+                               GONORRHEA
+
+Gonorrhea is a pus-discharging inflammation of the canal known as the
+_urethra_, which passing through the entire length of the organ,
+carries both the urine and the seminal fluid. It is caused by a
+venereal bacillus, the _gonococcus_. Under favorable conditions and
+with right treatment, gonorrhea may be cured, though violently
+painful, in fourteen days. Often the inflammation extends, becomes
+chronic and attacks other organs. This chronic gonorrhea often causes
+permanent contraction of the urethra, which leads to the painful
+retention of urine, catarrh of the bladder, and stone. Chronic
+gonorrhea, too, often ends in death, especially if the kidneys are
+attacked. A cured case of gonorrhea does not mean immunity from
+further attacks. New infections are all the more easily acquired.
+Gonorrhea has even more dangerous consequences in women than in men.
+The _gonococcus_ bacilli infect all the inner female genital organs.
+They cause frequent inflammations and lead to growths in the belly.
+Women thus attacked usually are apt to be sterile; they suffer
+agonies, and often become chronic invalids. The child born of a
+gonorrheal mother, while passing through the infected genital organs,
+comes to life with infected eyelids. This is _Blennorrhea_, which may
+result in total blindness. Gonorrhea also causes inflammation of the
+joints, gonorrheal rheumatism, testicular inflammations which may lead
+to sterility. Some authorities claim that fully half the sterility in
+women is caused by gonorrheal infection of the Fallopian tubes.
+Gonorrheal infection of the eyes at birth is now prevented by first
+washing them in a saturated solution of boric acid, then treating them
+with a drop of weak silver solution.
+
+
+                               SYPHILIS
+
+Syphilis is a still more terrible venereal disease. It usually appears
+first in small, hard sores, hard chancres, on the sexual parts or the
+mouth. Then the syphilitic poison spreads throughout the whole body by
+means of the blood. After a few weeks it breaks out on the face or
+body. Its final cure is always questionable. Syphilis may lie dormant
+for years, and then suddenly become active again. It breaks out in
+sores on all parts of the body, often eats up the bone, destroys
+internal organs, such as the liver, causes hardening of the lungs,
+diseases of the blood vessels and eye diseases. Ulcers of the brain
+and nerve paralysis often result from it. One of its most terrible
+consequences is consumption of the spinal marrow and paralysis of the
+brain, or paresis. The first slowly hardens and destroys the spinal
+marrow, the second the brain. These diseases are only developed by
+previous syphilitics. As a rule they occur from 5 to 20 years after
+infection, usually 10 or 15 years after it. And they usually happen to
+persons who believed themselves completely cured. Consumption of the
+spinal marrow leads to death in the course of a few years of continual
+torture. Paralysis of the brain turns the sufferer into a human ruin,
+gradually extinguishing all mental and nervous functions, sentience,
+movement, speech and intellect.
+
+One danger of syphilis is the fact that its true nature may be
+overlooked during the first period, because of the lack of pronounced
+symptoms. Its early sores may easily be mistaken for some skin
+affection. Mercury and other means are successful in doing away with
+at least the more noticeable signs of syphilis during the first and
+secondary stages. The modern medical treatment using mercury and
+Salvarsan (606) in alternation, has been very successful. It is
+claimed that by following it, syphilis may be totally cured if taken
+in hand during the first stage. The sores developed during the first
+two or three years of the disease are very infectious. In the case of
+a chronic syphilis of three or four years' standing, the sores as a
+rule are no longer infectious. It is possible, however, for a
+syphilitic of this description to bring forth syphilitic children,
+_without infecting his wife_. Such children either die at birth, or
+later, of this congenital syphilis. They may also die of spinal
+consumption or paresis between the ages of 10 and 20. The mortality of
+all syphilitic children is very great. In most cases, however, healthy
+children are born of the wedlock of _relatively cured_ syphilitics,
+though they are often sterile. Young men who have had recourse to
+prostitutes, often inoculate their wives with gonorrhea or syphilis,
+and thus the plague is spread.
+
+
+                           THE SOFT CHANCRE
+
+The soft chancre is the third form of venereal disease (the hard
+chancre being the first stage of syphilis). It is the least dangerous
+of the venereal diseases, but unfortunately, relatively the one which
+occurs most seldom. When not complicated with syphilis, it appears
+locally. It is a larger or smaller sore feeding and growing on the
+genital organs.
+
+
+              VENEREAL DISEASE AN ADVOCATE OF CONTINENCE
+
+The most tragic consequence of all venereal disease is the part it
+plays in the infection of innocent children, and innocent wives and
+mothers. Often a pure and chaste woman is thus deprived in the most
+cruel and brutal manner of the fruit of all her hopes and dreams of
+happiness. Similarly, a young man may find himself hopelessly
+condemned to a short life of pain and misery. He may also suffer from
+the knowledge that he has ruined the lives of those dearest to him.
+Venereal disease, syphilis in particular, emphasizes the _practical_
+value of continence--quite aside from its moral one--in a manner which
+cannot be ignored!
+
+
+
+
+                               CHAPTER X
+
+                             LOVE AND SEX
+
+
+When we take under consideration the higher, truer love of one sex for
+the other, that is, an affection which is not simply a friendship, but
+has a sex basis, we realize that it may be a very noble emotion. There
+is no manner of doubt but that the normal human being feels a great
+need for love. Sex in love and its manifestation in the life of the
+soul is one of the first conditions of human happiness, and a main aim
+of human existence.
+
+All know the tale of Cupid's arrow. A man falls in love with a face, a
+pair of eyes, the sound of a voice, and his affection is developed
+from this trifling beginning until it takes complete possession of
+him. This love is usually made up of two components: a sex instinct,
+and feelings of sympathy and interest which hark back to primal times.
+And this love, in its true sense, should stand for an affection
+purified from egoism.
+
+When, among the lower animal forms we find individuals without a
+determined sex, egoism develops free from all restraint. Each
+individual creature devours as much as it can and feeding, together
+with propagation by division, "budding" or conjunction, makes up the
+total of its vital activities. It need do no more to accomplish the
+purpose of its existence. Even when propagation commences to take
+place by means of individual male and female parents, the same
+principle of egoism largely obtains. The spiders are typical instances
+of this: in their case the carrying out of the natural functions of
+the male spider is attended with much danger for him, owing to the
+fact that if he does not exercise the greatest care, he is apt to be
+devoured immediately afterward by his female partner, in order that no
+useful food matter may be lost. Yet even in the case of the spiders,
+the female spider already gives proof of a certain capacity for
+sacrifice where her young are concerned, at any rate for a short time
+after they have crept from the egg.
+
+In animals somewhat higher in the creative scale, more or less
+powerful feelings of affection may develop out of their sex
+association. There is affection on the part of the male for his mate,
+and on the part of the female for her young. Often these feelings
+develop into a strong, lasting affection between the sexes, and years
+of what might be called faithful matrimonial union have been observed
+in the case of birds. This in itself is sufficient to establish the
+intimate relationship between love in a sex sense and love in a
+general sense. And even in the animal creation we find the same
+analogy existing between these feelings of sympathy and their
+opposites which occur in the case of human beings. Every feeling of
+attachment or sympathy existing between two individuals has a
+counterpart in an opposite feeling of discontent when the object of
+the love or attachment in question dies, falls sick, or runs away.
+This feeling of discontent may assume the form of a sorrow ending in
+lasting melancholy. In the case of apes and of certain parrots, it has
+been noticed that the death of a mate has frequently led the survivor
+to refuse nourishment, and die in turn from increasing grief and
+depression. If, on the other hand, an animal discovers the cause of
+the grief or loss which threatens it; if some enemy creature tries to
+rob it of its mate or little ones, the mixed reactive feeling of rage
+or anger is born in it, anger against the originator of its
+discontent. Jealousy is only a definite special form of this anger
+reaction.
+
+A further development of the feeling of sympathy is that of duty.
+Every feeling of love or sympathy urges those who feel it to do
+certain things which will benefit the object of that love. A mother
+will feed her young, bed them down comfortably, caress them; a father
+will bring nourishment to the mother and her brood, and protect them
+against foes. All these actions, not performed to benefit the creature
+itself, but to help its beloved mate, represent exertion, trouble, the
+overcoming of danger, and lead to a struggle between egoism and the
+feeling of sympathy. Out of this struggle is born a third feeling,
+that of responsibility and conscience. Thus the elements of the human
+social feelings are already quite pronounced in the case of many
+animals, including those of love as well as sex.
+
+In the human animal, speaking in general, these feelings of sympathy
+(love) and duty are strongly developed in the family connection; that
+is, they are developed with special strength in those who are most
+intimately united in sex life, in husband and wife and in children.
+Consequently the feelings of sympathy or love which extend to larger
+communal groups, such as more distant family connections, the tribe,
+the community, those speaking the same tongue, the nation, are
+relatively far weaker. Weakest of all, in all probability, is that
+general human feeling which sees a brother in every other human being
+and is conscious of the social duties owed him.
+
+As regards man and wife, the relation of the actual sex instinct to
+love is often a very complicated one. In the case of man the sex
+feeling may, and frequently does exist independent of love in the
+higher sense; in the case of woman it is quite certain that love
+occurs far less seldom unaccompanied by the sex inclination. It is
+also quite possible for love to develop before the development of the
+sex feeling, and this often, in married life, leads to the happiest
+relationships.
+
+The mutual adoration of two individuals, husband and wife, often
+degenerates into a species of egoistic enmity toward the remainder of
+the world. And this, in turn, in many cases reacts unfavorably upon
+the love the two feel for each other. Human solidarity, especially in
+this day, is already too great not to revenge itself upon the
+egotistical character of so exclusive a love. The real ideal of sex in
+love might be expressed as follows: A man and a woman should be
+induced to unite in marriage through genuine sex attraction and
+harmony of character and disposition. In this union they should
+mutually encourage each other to labor socially for the common good of
+mankind, in such wise that _they further their own mutual education
+and that of their children_, the beings nearest and dearest to them,
+_as the natural point of departure for helping general human
+betterment_.
+
+If love in its relation to sex be conceived in this manner, it will
+purify it by doing away with its pettinesses and it is just into these
+pettinesses that the most honest and upright of matrimonial loves too
+often degenerate. The constructive work done in common by two human
+beings who, while they care lovingly for each other, at the same time
+encourage each other to strive and endure in carrying out the
+principles of right living and high thinking, will last. Love and
+marriage looked at from this point of view, are relatively immune from
+the small jealousies and other evil little developments of a
+one-sided, purely physical affection. It will work for an ever more
+ideal realization of love in its higher and nobler dispensations.
+
+Real and true love is lasting. The suddenly awakened storm of sex
+affection for a hitherto totally unknown person can never be accepted
+as a true measure for love. This sudden surge of the sex feeling warps
+the judgment, makes it possible to overlook the grossest defects,
+colors all and everything with heavenly hues. It makes a man who is
+"in love," or two beings who are in love, mutually blind, and causes
+each to carefully conceal his or her real inward self from the other.
+This may be the case even when the feelings of both are absolutely
+honest, especially if the sex feeling is not paired with cool egoistic
+calculation. Not until the first storm of the sex feeling has
+subsided, when honeymoon weeks are over, is a more normal point of
+view regained. And then love, indifference, or hatred, as the case may
+be develops. It is for this reason that love at first sight is always
+dangerous, and that only a longer and more intimate acquaintance with
+the object of one's affection is calculated to give a lasting union a
+relatively good chance of turning out happily. One thing is worth
+bearing in mind. Woman invariably represents the conservative element
+in the family. Her emotional qualities, combined with wonderful
+endurance, always control her intellect more powerfully than is the
+case with man; and the feelings and emotions form the conservative
+element in the human soul.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sex, by Henry Stanton
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEX ***
+
+***** This file should be named 23680.txt or 23680.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/6/8/23680/
+
+Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was
+produced from scanned images of public domain material
+from the Google Print project.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.