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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/23524-0.txt b/23524-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c78c39 --- /dev/null +++ b/23524-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,998 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Origins of Contemporary France, Complete, by Hippolyte A. Taine + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and +most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms +of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you +will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before +using this eBook. + +Title: The Origins of Contemporary France, Complete + Linked Table of Contents to the Six Volumes + +Author: Hippolyte A. Taine + +Annotator: Svend Rom + +Translator: John Durand + +Release Date: June 21, 2008 [eBook #23524] +[Most recently updated: January 18, 2023] + +Language: English + +Produced by: David Widger + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE *** + + + + +THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE + +SIX VOLUMES: COMPLETE TABLE OF CONTENTS + +by Hippolyte A. Taine +Volume One: Ancient Regime +Volume Two: French Revolution I. +Volume Three: French Revolution II. +Volume Four: French Revolution III. +Volume Five: Napoleon I. +Volume Six: Modern Regime + + + +THE ANCIENT REGIME + +INTRODUCTION +PREFACE: +PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR: ON POLITICAL IGNORANCE AND WISDOM. + +BOOK FIRST. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT SOCIETY. + +CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF PRIVILEGES. +I. Services and Recompenses of the Clergy. +II. Services and Recompenses of the Nobles. +III. Services and Recompenses of the King. + +CHAPTER II. THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. +I. Number of the Privileged Classes. +II. Their Possessions, Capital, and Revenue. +III. Their Immunities. +IV. Their Feudal Rights. +V. They may be justified by local and general services. +CHAPTER III. LOCAL SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. +I. Examples in Germany and England.—These services are not rendered by +II. Resident Seigniors. +III. Absentee Seigniors. + +CHAPTER IV. PUBLIC SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. +I. England compared to France. +II. The Clergy +III. Influence of the Nobles.. +IV. Isolation of the Chiefs +V. The King's Incompetence and Generosity. +VI. Latent Disorganization in France. + +BOOK SECOND. MORALS AND CHARACTERS. + +CHAPTER I. MORAL PRINCIPLES UNDER THE ANCIENT REGIME. +The Court and a life of pomp and parade. +I. Versailles. +The Physical aspect and the moral character of Versailles. +II. The King's Household. +III. The King's Associates. +IV. Everyday Life In Court. +V. Royal Distractions. +VI. Upper Class Distractions. +VII. Provincial Nobility. + +CHAPTER II. DRAWING ROOM LIFE. +I. Perfect only in France +II. Social Life Has Priority. +III. Universal Pleasure Seeking. +IV. Enjoyment. +V. Happiness. +VI. Gaiety. +VII. Theater, Parade And Extravagance. + +CHAPTER III. DISADVANTAGES OF THIS DRAWING ROOM LIFE. +I. Its Barrenness and Artificiality +II. Return To Nature And Sentiment. +III. Personality Defects. + +BOOK THIRD. THE SPIRIT AND THE DOCTRINE. + +CHAPTER I. SCIENTIFIC ACQUISITION. +I. Scientific Progress. +II. Science Detached From Theology. +III. The Transformation Of History. +IV. The New Psychology. +V. The Analytical Method. + +CHAPTER II. THE CLASSIC SPIRIT, THE SECOND ELEMENT. +I. Through Colored Glasses. +II. Its Original Deficiency. +III. The Mathematical Method. + +CHAPTER III. COMBINATION OF THE TWO ELEMENTS. +I. Birth Of A Doctrine, A Revelation. +II. Ancestral Tradition And Culture. +III. Reason At War With Illusion. +IV. Casting Out The Residue Of Truth And Justice. +V. The Dream Of A Return To Nature. +VI. The Abolition Of Society. Rousseau. +VII: The Lost Children. + +CHAPTER IV. ORGANIZING THE FUTURE SOCIETY. +I. Liberty, Equality And Sovereignty Of The People. +II. Naive Convictions +III. Our True Human Nature. +IV. Birth Of Socialist Theory, Its Two Sides. +V. Social Contract, Summary. + +BOOK FOURTH. THE PROPAGATION OF THE DOCTRINE. + +CHAPTER I.—SUCCESS OF THIS PHILOSOPHY IN FRANCE.—FAILURE OF THE SAME +I. The Propagating Organ, Eloquence. +II. Its Method. +III. Its Popularity. +IV. The Masters. + +CHAPTER II. THE FRENCH PUBLIC. +I. The Nobility. +II. Conditions In France. +III. French Indolence. +IV. Unbelief. +V. Political Opposition. +VI. Well-Meaning Government. + +CHAPTER III. THE MIDDLE CLASS. +I. The Past. +II. CHANGE IN THE CONDITION OF THE BOURGEOIS. +III. Social Promotion. +IV. Rousseau's Philosophy Spreads And Takes HOLD. +V. Revolutionary Passions. +VI. Summary + +BOOK FIFTH. THE PEOPLE + +CHAPTER I. HARDSHIPS. +I. Privations. +II. The Peasants. +III. The Countryside. +IV. The Peasant Becomes Landowner. + +CHAPTER II. TAXATION THE PRINCIPAL CAUSE OF MISERY. +I. Extortion. +II. Local Conditions. +III. The Common Laborer. +IV. Collections And Seizures.—Observe the system actually at work. It +V. Indirect Taxes. +VI. Burdens And Exemptions. +VII. Municipal Taxation. +VIII. Complaints In The Registers. + +CHAPTER III. INTELLECTUAL STATE OF THE PEOPLE. +I. Intellectual incapacity +II. Political incapacity +III. Destructive impulses +IV. Insurrectionary leaders and recruits + +CHAPTER IV. THE ARMED FORCES. +I. Military force declines +II. The social organization is dissolved +III. Direction of the current + +CHAPTER V. SUMMARY. +I. Suicide of the Ancient Regime. +II. Aspirations for the 'Great Revolution.' + +END OF VOLUME + + + +THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 1. + +PREFACE + +BOOK FIRST. SPONTANEOUS ANARCHY. + +CHAPTER I. THE BEGINNINGS OF ANARCHY. +I. Dearth the first cause. +II. Expectations the second cause +III. The provinces during the first six months of 1789 +IV. Intervention of ruffians and vagabonds. +V. Effect on the Population of the New Ideas. +VI. The first jacquerie in Province + +CHAPTER II. PARIS UP TO THE 14TH OF JULY. +I. Mob recruits in the vicinity +II. The Press. +III. The Réveillon affair. +IV. The Palais-Royal. +V. Popular mobs become a political force. +VI. July 13th and 14th 1789. +VII. Murders of Foulon and Berthier. +VIII. Paris in the hands of the people. + +CHAPTER III. +I. Anarchy from July 14th to October 6th, 1789 +II. The provinces +III. Public feeling. Famine +IV. Panic. +V. Attacks on public individuals and public property. +VI. Taxes are no longer paid. +VII. Attack upon private individuals and private property. + +CHAPTER IV. PARIS. +I. Paris. +II. The distress of the people. +III. The new popular leaders. +IV. Intervention by the popular leaders with the Government. +V. The 5th and 6th of October. +VI. The Government and the nation in the hands of the revolutionary party. + +BOOK SECOND. THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, AND THE RESULT OF ITS LABORS. + +CHAPTER I. CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE FRAMING OF GOOD LAWS. +I. These conditions absent in the Assembly +II. Inadequacy of its information. +III. The Power Of Simple, General Ideas. +IV. Refusal to supply the ministry + +CHAPTER II. DESTRUCTION. +I. Two principal vices of the ancient régime. +II Nature of societies, and the principle of enduring constitutions. +III. The estates of a society. +IV. Abuse and lukewarmness in 1789 in the ecclesiastical bodies. + +CHAPTER III. THE CONSTRUCTIONS THE CONSTITUTION OF 1791. +I. Powers of the Central Government. +II. The Creation Of Popular Democracy. +III. Municipal Kingdoms. +IV. On Universal Suffrage. +V. The Ruling Minority. +VI. Summary of the work of the Constituent Assembly. + +BOOK THIRD. THE APPLICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION. + +CHAPTER I. +I. The Federations. +II. Independence of the municipalities. +III. Independent Assemblies. + +CHAPTER II. SOVEREIGNTY OF UNRESTRAINED PASSIONS. +I. Old Religious Grudges +II. Passion Supreme. +III. Egotism of the tax-payer. +IV. Cupidity of tenants. + +CHAPTER III. DEVELOPMENT OF THE RULING PASSION +I. Attitude of the nobles. Their moderate resistance. +II. Workings of the popular imagination with respect to them. +III. Domiciliary visits. +IV. The nobles obliged to leave the rural districts. +V. Persecutions in private life. +VI. Conduct of officers. +VI. Conduct of the officers. +VII. Emigration and its causes. +VIII. Attitude of the non-juring priests. +IX. General state of opinion. + + + + + +THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 2. + +PREFACE: + +BOOK FIRST. THE JACOBINS. + +CHAPTER I. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW POLITICAL ORGAN. +I. Principle of the revolutionary party. +II. The Jacobins. +III. Psychology of the Jacobin. +IV. What the theory promises. + +CHAPTER II. THE JACOBINS +I. Formation of the party. +II. Spontaneous associations after July 14, 1789. +III. How they view the liberty of the press. +IV. Their rallying-points. +V. Small number of Jacobins. + +BOOK SECOND. THE FIRST STAGE OF THE CONQUEST. + +CHAPTER I. THE JACOBINS COME INTO IN POWER. +I. Their siege operations. +II. Annoyances and dangers of public elections. +III. The friends of order deprived of the right of free assemblage. +V. Intimidation and withdrawal of the Conservatives. + +CHAPTER II. THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY +I. Composition of the Legislative Assembly. +II. Degree and quality of their intelligence and Culture. +III. Aspects of their sessions. +IV. The Parties. +V. Their means of action. +VI. Parliamentary maneuvers. + +CHAPTER III. POLICY OF THE ASSEMBLY +I. Policy of the Assembly. State of France at the end of 1791. +II. The Assembly hostile to the oppressed and favoring oppressors. +III. War. +IV. Secret motives of the leaders. +V. Effects of the war on the common people. + +CHAPTER IV. THE DEPARTMENTS. +I. Provence in 1792. Early supremacy of the Jacobins in Marseilles. +II. The expedition to Aix. +III. The Constitutionalists of Arles. +IV. The Jacobins of Avignon. +V. The other departments. + +CHAPTER V. PARIS. +I. Pressure of the Assembly on the King. +II. The floating and poor population of Paris. +III. Its leaders. Their committee. Methods for arousing the crowd. +IV. The 20th of June. + +CHAPTER VI. THE BIRTH OF THE TERRIBLE PARIS COMMUNE. +I. Indignation of the Constitutionalists. +II. Pressure on the King. +III. The Girondins have worked for the benefit of the Jacobins. +IV. Vain attempts of the Girondins to put it down. +V. Evening of August 8. +VI. Nights of August 9 and 10. +VII. August 10. +VIII. State of Paris in the Interregnum. + +BOOK THIRD. THE SECOND STAGE OF THE CONQUEST. + +CHAPTER I. TERROR +I. Government by gangs in times of anarchy. +II. The development of the ideas of killings in the mass of the party. +III. Terror is their Salvation. +IV. Date of the determination of this. The actors and their parts. +V. Abasement and Stupor. +VI. Jacobin Massacre. + +CHAPTER II. THE DEPARTMENTS. +I. The Sovereignty of the People. +II. In several departments it establishes itself in advance. +III. Each Jacobin band a dictator in its own neighborhood. +IV. Ordinary practices of the Jacobin dictatorship. +V. The companies of traveling volunteers. +VI. A tour of France in the cabinet of the Minister of the Interior. + +CHAPTER III. SECOND STAGE OF THE JACOBIN CONQUEST +I. The second stage of the Jacobin conquest. +II. The elections. +III. Composition and tone of the secondary assemblies. +IV. Composition of the National Convention. +V. The Jacobins forming alone the Sovereign People. +VI. Composition of the party. +VII. The Jacobin Chieftains. + +CHAPTER IV. PRECARIOUS SITUATION OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. +I. Jacobin advantages. +II. Its parliamentary recruits. +III. Physical fear and moral cowardice. +IV. Jacobin victory over Girondin majority. +V. Jacobin violence against the people. +VI. Jacobin tactics. +VII. The central Jacobin committee in power. +VIII. Right or Wrong, my Country. + + + +THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 3. + +PREFACE. + +BOOK FIRST. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT. + +CHAPTER I. JACOBIN GOVERNMENT +I. The despotic creed and instincts of the Jacobin. +II. Jacobin Dissimulation. +III. Primary Assemblies +IV. The Delegates reach Paris +V. Fête of August 10th +VI. The Mountain. +VII. Extent and Manifesto of the departmental insurrection +VIII. The Reasons for the Terror. +IX. Destruction of Rebel Cities +X. Destruction of the Girondin party +XI. Institutions of the Revolutionary Government + +BOOK SECOND. THE JACOBIN PROGRAM. + +CHAPTER I. THE JACOBIN PARTY +I. The Doctrine. +II. A Communist State. +III. The object of the State is the regeneration of man. +IV. Two distortions of the natural man. +V. Equality and Inequality. +VI. Conditions requisite for making a citizen. +VII. Socialist projects. +VIII. Indoctrination of mind and intellect. + +CHAPTER II. REACTIONARY CONCEPT OF THE STATE. +I. Reactionary concept of the State. +II. Changed minds. +III. Origin and nature of the modern State. +IV. The state is tempted to encroach. +V. Direct common interest. +VI. Indirect common interest. +VII. Fabrication of social instruments. +VIII. Comparison between despotisms. + +BOOK THIRD. THE MEN IN POWER. + +CHAPTER I. PSYCHOLOGY OF THE JACOBIN LEADERS. +I. Marat. +II. Danton. +III. Robespierre. + +CHAPTER II. THE RULERS OF THE COUNTRY. +I. The Convention. +II. Its participation in crime. +III. The Committee of Public Safety. +IV. The Statesmen. +V. Official Jacobin organs. +VI. Commissars of the Revolution. +VII. Brutal Instincts. +IX. Vice. + +CHAPTER III. THE RULERS. (continued). +I. The Central Government Administration. +II. Subaltern Jacobins. +III. A Revolutionary Committee. +IV. Provincial Administration. +V. Jacobins sent to the Provinces. +VI. Quality of staff thus formed. +VII. The Armed Forces. + +BOOK FOURTH. THE GOVERNED. + +CHAPTER I. THE OPPRESSED. +I. Revolutionary Destruction. +II. The Value of Notables in Society. +III. The three classes of Notables. +IV. The Clergy. +V. The Bourgeoisie. +VI. The Demi-notables. +VII. Principle of socialist Equality. +VIII. Rigor against the Upper Classes. +IX. The Jacobin Citizen Robot. +X. The Governors and the Governed. + +CHAPTER II. FOOD AND PROVISIONS. +I. Economical Complexity of Food Chain. +II. Conditions in 1793. A Lesson in Market Economics. +III. Privation. +IV. Hunger. +V. Revolutionary Remedies. +VI. Relaxation. +VII. Misery at Paris. + +BOOK FIFTH. THE END OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT. + +CHAPTER I. THE CONVENTION. +I. The Convention. +II. Re-election of the Two-thirds. +III. A Directory of Regicides. +IV. Public Opinon. +VI. The Directory. +VII. Enforcement of Pure Jacobinism. +VIII. Propaganda and Foreign Conquests. +IX. National Disgust. +X. Contrast between Civil and Military France. + + + +THE MODERN REGIME, VOLUME 1 [NAPOLEON] + +PREFACE + +BOOK FIRST. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. + +CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF HIS CHARACTER AND GENIUS. +I. Napoleon's Past and Personality. +II. The Leader and Statesman +III. His acute Understanding of Others. +IV. His Wonderful Memory. +V. His Imagination and its Excesses. + +CHAPTER II. HIS IDEAS, PASSIONS AND INTELLIGENCE. +I. Intense Passions. +II. Will and Egoism. +III. Napoleon's Dominant Passion: Power. +IV. His Bad Manners. +V. His Policy. +VI. Fundamental Defaults of his System. + +BOOK SECOND. FORMATION AND CHARACTER OF THE NEW STATE. + +CHAPTER I. THE INSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENT +I. The Institution of Government. +II. Default of previous government. +III. In 1799, the undertaking more difficult and the materials worse. +IV. Motives for suppressing the election of local powers. +V. Reasons for centralization. +VI. Irreconcilable divisions. +VII. Establishment of a new Dictatorship. + +CHAPTER II. PUBLIC POWER +I. Principal service rendered by the public power. +II. Abusive Government Intervention. +III. The State attacks persons and property. +IV. Abuse of State powers. +V. Final Results of Abusive Government Intervention + +CHAPTER III. THE NEW GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION. +I. Precedents of the new organization. +II. Doctrines of Government. +III. Brilliant Statesman and Administrator. +IV. Napoleon's barracks. +V. Modeled after Rome. + +BOOK THIRD. OBJECT AND MERITS OF THE SYSTEM. + +CHAPTER I. RECOVERY OF SOCIAL ORDER. +I. Rule as the mass want to be ruled. +II. The Revolution Ends. +III. Return of the Emigrés. +IV. Education and Medical Care. +V. Old and New. +VI. Religion +VII. The Confiscated Property. +VIII. Public Education. + +CHAPTER II. TAXATION AND CONSCRIPTION. +I. Distributive Justice in Allotment of Burdens and Benefits. +II. Equitable Taxation. +III. Formation of Honest, Efficient Tax Collectors +IV. Various Taxes. +V. Conscription or Professional soldiers. + +CHAPTER III. AMBITION AND SELF-ESTEEM. +I. Rights and benefits. +II. Ambitions during the Ancient Regime. +III. Ambition and Selection. +IV. Napoleon, Judge-Arbitrator-Ruler. +IV. The Struggle for Office and Title. +V. Self-esteem and a good Reputation. + +BOOK FOURTH. DEFECT AND EFFECTS OF THE SYSTEM. + +CHAPTER I. LOCAL SOCIETY. +I. Human Incentives. +II. Local Community. +III. Essential Public Local Works. +IV. Local associations. +V. Local versus State authority. +VI. Local Elections under the First Consul. +VII. Municipal and general councillors under the Empire. +VIII. Excellence of Local Government after Napoleon. + +CHAPTER II. LOCAL SOCIETY SINCE 1830. +I. Introduction of Universal suffrage. +II. Universal suffrage. +III. Equity in taxation. +IV. On unlimited universal suffrage. +V. Rural or urban communes. +VI. The larger Communes. +VII. Local society in 1880. +VIII. Final result in a tendency to bankruptcy. + + + +THE MODERN REGIME, VOLUME 2 + +PREFACE By André Chevrillon. + +BOOK FIFTH. THE CHURCH. + +CHAPTER I. MORAL INSTITUTIONS +I. Napoleon's Objectives. +II. Napoleon's opinions and methods. +III. Dealing with the Pope. +IV. The Pope, Napoleon's employee. +V. State domination of all religion. +VI. Napoleon Executes the Concordat. +VII. System to which the regular clergy is subject. +VIII. Administrative Control. +IX. The Imperial Catechism +X. The Council of 1811.—The Concordat of 1813. + +CHAPTER II. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. +I. The Catholic System. +II. The Bishops and their new Situation. +III. The new Bishop. +IV. The subordinate clergy. + +CHAPTER III THE CLERGY +I. The regular clergy. +II. Evolution of the Catholic Church. +III. The Church today. +IV. Contrasting Vistas. + +BOOK SIXTH. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. + +CHAPTER I. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION +I. Public instruction and its three effects. +II. Napoleon's Educational Instruments. +III. Napoleon's machinery. +VI. Objects and sentiments. +V. Military preparation and the cult of the Emperor. + +CHAPTER II. +I. Primary Instruction. +II. Higher Education. +III. On Science, Reason and Truth. +IV. Napoleon's stranglehold on science. +V. On Censorship under Napoleon. + +CHAPTER III. EVOLUTION BETWEEN 1814 AND 1890. +I. Evolution of the Napoleonic machine. +II. Educational monopoly of Church and State. +III. Internal Vices +IV. Cramming and Exams Compared to Apprenticeship +V. Public instruction in 1890. +VI. Summary. + + + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE *** + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the +United States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part +of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project +Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ +concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, +and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following +the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use +of the Project Gutenberg trademark. 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Taine</title> +<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> +<style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> + + body { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify;} + P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; } + H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } + hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} + .toc { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;} + .toc2 { margin-left: 20%;} + div.fig { display:block; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; } + +a:link {color:blue; text-decoration:none} +a:visited {color:blue; text-decoration:none} +a:hover {color:red} + +</style> + </head> + <body> + +<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Origins of Contemporary France, Complete, by Hippolyte A. Taine</div> +<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and +most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms +of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online +at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you +are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the +country where you are located before using this eBook. +</div> +<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Origins of Contemporary France, Complete<br /> + Linked Table of Contents to the Six Volumes</div> +<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Hippolyte A. Taine</div> +<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Annotator: Svend Rom</div> +<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Translator: John Durand</div> +<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: June 21, 2008 [eBook #23524]<br /> +[Most recently updated: January 18, 2023]</div> +<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> +<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: David Widger</div> +<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE ***</div> + + <h1> + THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE + </h1> + <h2> + SIX VOLUMES: COMPLETE TABLE OF CONTENTS + </h2> + <h2> + by Hippolyte A. Taine + </h2> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <div class="fig" style="width:50%;"> + <img src="images/taine.jpg" alt="image: Hippolyte A. Taine" width="100%" /><br /> + </div> + + <p> + <br /> <br /> <br /> + </p> + <table summary="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto" cellpadding="4" border="3"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td> + <a href="#v1">Volume One: <b>Ancient Regime</b></a><br /> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <a href="#v2">Volume Two: <b>French Revolution I.</b></a> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <a href="#v3">Volume Three: <b>French Revolution II.</b></a> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <a href="#v4">Volume Four: <b>French Revolution III.</b></a> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <a href="#v5">Volume Five: <b>Napoleon I.</b></a> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <a href="#v6">Volume Six: <b>Modern Regime</b></a> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + + <h4> + Editor's Note + </h4> + <p> + The six volumes of Taine's "Origins of Contemporary France" were + contributed to Project Gutenberg many years ago. They have been entirely + reproofed and html files produced for each with the many hundreds of + footnotes linked from the text. + </p> + <p> + This Table of contents provides links to all the Books, Volumes and + Sections of the entire set. + </p> + <p> + <i>David Widger</i>, June 21 2008 + </p> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <table summary=""> + <tr> + <td> + <div class="toc"> + <a name="v1" id="v1"></a> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm"> <big><b>THE ANCIENT REGIME</b></big> + </a><br /><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_INTR"> + INTRODUCTION </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_PREF"> + PREFACE: </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_PREF"> + PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR: ON POLITICAL IGNORANCE AND WISDOM. </a><br /><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0005"> <b>BOOK FIRST. THE + STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT SOCIETY.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN + OF PRIVILEGES. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0007"> I. Services and + Recompenses of the Clergy. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0008"> II. Services and + Recompenses of the Nobles. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0009"> III. Services and + Recompenses of the King. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. THE + PRIVILEGED CLASSES. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0011"> I. Number of the + Privileged Classes. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0012"> II. Their + Possessions, Capital, and Revenue. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0013"> III. Their + Immunities. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0014"> IV. Their Feudal + Rights. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0015"> + V. They may be justified by local and general services. </a><br /> + </div> + <br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III. + LOCAL SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0017"> I. Examples in + Germany and England. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0018"> II. Resident + Seigniors. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0019"> III. Absentee + Seigniors. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER IV. PUBLIC + SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0021"> I. England + compared to France. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0022"> II. The Clergy </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0023"> III. Influence + of the Nobles.. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0024"> IV. Isolation of + the Chiefs </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0025"> V. The King's + Incompetence and Generosity. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0026"> VI. Latent + Disorganization in France. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0027"> <b>BOOK SECOND. + MORALS AND CHARACTERS.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER I. MORAL + PRINCIPLES UNDER THE ANCIENT REGIME. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0029"> The Court and a + life of pomp and parade. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0030"> I. Versailles. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0031"> The Physical + aspect and the moral character of Versailles. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0032"> II. The King's + Household. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0033"> III. The King's + Associates. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0034"> IV. Everyday Life + In Court. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0035"> V. Royal + Distractions. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0036"> VI. Upper Class + Distractions. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0037"> VII. Provincial + Nobility. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER II. DRAWING + ROOM LIFE. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0039"> I. Perfect only + in France </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0040"> II. Social Life Has + Priority. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0041"> III. Universal + Pleasure Seeking. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0042"> IV. Enjoyment. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0043"> V. Happiness. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0044"> VI. + Gaiety. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0045"> + VII. Theater, Parade And Extravagance. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0007"> CHAPTER III. + DISADVANTAGES OF THIS DRAWING ROOM LIFE. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0047"> I. Its + Barrenness and Artificiality </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0048"> II. Return To + Nature And Sentiment. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0049"> III. Personality + Defects. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0050"> <b>BOOK THIRD. THE + SPIRIT AND THE DOCTRINE.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER I. SCIENTIFIC + ACQUISITION. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0052"> I. Scientific + Progress. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0053"> II. Science + Detached From Theology. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0054"> III. The + Transformation Of History. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0055"> IV. The New + Psychology. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0056"> V. The Analytical + Method. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER II. THE + CLASSIC SPIRIT, THE SECOND ELEMENT. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0058"> I. Through + Colored Glasses. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0059"> II. Its Original + Deficiency. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0060"> III. The + Mathematical Method. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0010"> CHAPTER III. + COMBINATION OF THE TWO ELEMENTS. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0062"> I. Birth Of A + Doctrine, A Revelation. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0063"> II. Ancestral + Tradition And Culture. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0064"> III. Reason At War + With Illusion. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0065"> IV. Casting Out The + Residue Of Truth And Justice. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0066"> V. The Dream Of A + Return To Nature. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0067"> VI. The Abolition + Of Society. Rousseau. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0068"> VII: The Lost + Children. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0011"> CHAPTER IV. + ORGANIZING THE FUTURE SOCIETY. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0070"> I. Liberty, + Equality And Sovereignty Of The People. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0071"> II. Naive + Convictions </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0072"> III. Our True Human + Nature. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0073"> + IV. Birth Of Socialist Theory, Its Two Sides. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0074"> V. Social Contract, + Summary. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0075"> <b>BOOK FOURTH. + THE PROPAGATION OF THE DOCTRINE.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0012"> CHAPTER I.—SUCCESS + OF THIS PHILOSOPHY IN FRANCE. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0077"> I. The + Propagating Organ, Eloquence. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0078"> II. Its Method. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0079"> III. + Its Popularity. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0080"> IV. The Masters. + </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0013"> CHAPTER II. THE + FRENCH PUBLIC. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0082"> I. The Nobility. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0083"> II. + Conditions In France. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0084"> III. French + Indolence. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0085"> IV. Unbelief. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0086"> V. Political + Opposition. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0087"> VI. Well-Meaning + Government. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0014"> CHAPTER III. THE + MIDDLE CLASS. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0089"> I. The Past. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0090"> II. + CHANGE IN THE CONDITION OF THE BOURGEOIS. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0091"> III. Social + Promotion. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0092"> IV. Rousseau's + Philosophy Spreads And Takes HOLD. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0093"> V. Revolutionary + Passions. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0094"> VI. Summary </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0095"> <b>BOOK FIFTH. THE + PEOPLE</b> </a><br /><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0015"> CHAPTER I. + HARDSHIPS. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0097"> I. Privations. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0098"> II. The + Peasants. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0099"> III. The + Countryside. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0100"> IV. The Peasant + Becomes Landowner. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0016"> CHAPTER II. + TAXATION THE PRINCIPAL CAUSE OF MISERY. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0102"> I. Extortion. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0103"> II. + Local Conditions. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0104"> III. The Common + Laborer. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0105"> + IV. Collections And Seizures.—Observe the system actually at + work. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0106"> + V. Indirect Taxes. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0107"> VI. Burdens And + Exemptions. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0108"> VII. Municipal + Taxation. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0109"> VIII. Complaints In + The Registers. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0017"> CHAPTER III. + INTELLECTUAL STATE OF THE PEOPLE. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0111"> I. Intellectual + incapacity </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0112"> II. Political + incapacity </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0113"> III. Destructive + impulses </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0114"> + IV. Insurrectionary leaders and recruits </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0018"> CHAPTER IV. THE + ARMED FORCES. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0116"> I. Military + force declines </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0117"> II. The social + organization is dissolved </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0118"> III. Direction of + the current </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2HCH0019"> CHAPTER V. SUMMARY. + </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0120"> I. Suicide of + the Ancient Regime. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0121"> II. Aspirations for + the 'Great Revolution.' </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2577/2577-h/2577-h.htm#link2H_4_0122"> END OF VOLUME </a><br /> + <br /> <br /> + <hr /> + <br /><a name="v2" id="v2"></a> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm"> <big><b>THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, + VOLUME 1.</b></big> </a><br /> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_PREF"> PREFACE </a><br /><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0002"> <b>BOOK FIRST. + SPONTANEOUS ANARCHY.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. THE + BEGINNINGS OF ANARCHY. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0004"> I. Dearth the + first cause. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0005"> II. Expectations + the second cause </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0006"> III. The provinces + during the first six months of 1789 </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0007"> IV. Intervention of + ruffians and vagabonds. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0008"> V. Effect on the + Population of the New Ideas. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0009"> VI. The first + jacquerie in Province </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. PARIS + UP TO THE 14TH OF JULY. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0011"> I. Mob recruits + in the vicinity </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0012"> II. The Press. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0013"> III. The + Réveillon affair. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0014"> IV. The + Palais-Royal. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0015"> V. Popular mobs + become a political force. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0016"> VI. July 13th and + 14th 1789. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0017"> VII. Murders of + Foulon and Berthier. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0018"> VIII. Paris in the + hands of the people. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0020"> I. Anarchy from + July 14th to October 6th, 1789 </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0021"> II. The provinces + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0022"> III. + Public feeling. Famine </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0023"> IV. Panic. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0024"> V. Attacks on + public individuals and public property. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0025"> VI. Taxes are no + longer paid. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0026"> VII. Attack upon + private individuals and private property. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER IV. PARIS. + </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0028"> I. Paris. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0029"> II. The distress + of the people. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0030"> III. The new + popular leaders. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0031"> IV. Intervention by + the popular leaders with the Government. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0032"> V. The 5th and 6th + of October. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0033"> VI. The Government + and the nation in the hands of the revolutionary party. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0034"> <b>BOOK SECOND. + THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, AND THE RESULT OF ITS LABORS.</b> </a><br /><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER I. + CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE FRAMING OF GOOD LAWS. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0036"> I. These + conditions absent in the Assembly </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0037"> II. Inadequacy of + its information. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0038"> III. The Power Of + Simple, General Ideas. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0039"> IV. Refusal to + supply the ministry </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER II. + DESTRUCTION. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0041"> I. Two principal + vices of the ancient régime. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0042"> II Nature of + societies, and the principle of enduring constitutions. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0043"> III. The estates + of a society. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0044"> IV. Abuse and + lukewarmness in 1789 in the ecclesiastical bodies. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2HCH0007"> CHAPTER III. THE + CONSTRUCTIONS THE CONSTITUTION OF 1791. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0046"> I. Powers of the + Central Government. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0047"> II. The Creation Of + Popular Democracy. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0048"> III. Municipal + Kingdoms. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0049"> IV. On Universal + Suffrage. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0050"> V. The Ruling + Minority. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0051"> VI. Summary of the + work of the Constituent Assembly. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0052"> <b>BOOK THIRD. THE + APPLICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER I. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0054"> I. The + Federations. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0055"> II. Independence of + the municipalities. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0056"> III. Independent + Assemblies. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER II. + SOVEREIGNTY OF UNRESTRAINED PASSIONS. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0058"> I. Old Religious + Grudges </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0059"> + II. Passion Supreme. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0060"> III. Egotism of the + tax-payer. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0061"> IV. Cupidity of + tenants. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2HCH0010"> CHAPTER III. + DEVELOPMENT OF THE RULING PASSION </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0063"> I. Attitude of + the nobles. Their moderate resistance. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0064"> II. Workings of the + popular imagination with respect to them. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0065"> III. Domiciliary + visits. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0066"> + IV. The nobles obliged to leave the rural districts. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0067"> V. Persecutions in + private life. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0068"> VI. Conduct of + officers. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0069"> VI. Conduct of the + officers. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0070"> VII. Emigration and + its causes. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0071"> VIII. Attitude of + the non-juring priests. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2578/2578-h/2578-h.htm#link2H_4_0072"> IX. General state + of opinion. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <br /> <br /> <br /> + <hr /> + <br /> <a name="v3" id="v3"></a> <br /> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm"> <big><b>THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, + VOLUME 2.</b></big> </a><br /> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_PREF"> PREFACE: </a><br /><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0002"> <b>BOOK FIRST. THE + JACOBINS.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. THE + ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW POLITICAL ORGAN. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0004"> I. Principle of + the revolutionary party. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0005"> II. The Jacobins. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0006"> III. + Psychology of the Jacobin. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0007"> IV. What the theory + promises. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. THE + JACOBINS </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0009"> I. Formation of + the party. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0010"> II. Spontaneous + associations after July 14, 1789. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0011"> III. How they view + the liberty of the press. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0012"> IV. Their + rallying-points. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0013"> V. Small number of + Jacobins. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0014"> <b>BOOK SECOND. + THE FIRST STAGE OF THE CONQUEST.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER I. THE + JACOBINS COME INTO IN POWER. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0016"> I. Their siege + operations. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0017"> II. Annoyances and + dangers of public elections. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0018"> III. The friends of + order deprived of the right of free assemblage. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0019"> V. Intimidation and + withdrawal of the Conservatives. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER II. THE + LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0021"> I. Composition + of the Legislative Assembly. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0022"> II. Degree and + quality of their intelligence and Culture. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0023"> III. Aspects of + their sessions. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0024"> IV. The Parties. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0025"> V. + Their means of action. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0026"> VI. Parliamentary + maneuvers. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER III. POLICY + OF THE ASSEMBLY </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0028"> I. Policy of the + Assembly. State of France at the end of 1791. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0029"> II. The Assembly + hostile to the oppressed and favoring oppressors. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0030"> III. War. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0031"> IV. Secret + motives of the leaders. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0032"> V. Effects of the + war on the common people. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER IV. THE + DEPARTMENTS. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0034"> I. Provence in + 1792. Early supremacy of the Jacobins in Marseilles. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0035"> II. The expedition + to Aix. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0036"> + III. The Constitutionalists of Arles. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0037"> IV. The Jacobins of + Avignon. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0038"> + V. The other departments. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0007"> CHAPTER V. PARIS. + </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0040"> I. Pressure of + the Assembly on the King. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0041"> II. The floating + and poor population of Paris. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0042"> III. Its leaders. + Their committee. Methods for arousing the crowd. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0043"> IV. The 20th of + June. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER VI. THE + BIRTH OF THE TERRIBLE PARIS COMMUNE. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0045"> I. Indignation + of the Constitutionalists. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0046"> II. Pressure on the + King. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0047"> + III. The Girondins have worked for the benefit of the Jacobins. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0048"> IV. + Vain attempts of the Girondins to put it down. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0049"> V. Evening of + August 8. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0050"> VI. Nights of + August 9 and 10. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0051"> VII. August 10. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0052"> VIII. + State of Paris in the Interregnum. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0053"> <b>BOOK THIRD. THE + SECOND STAGE OF THE CONQUEST.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER I. TERROR </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0055"> I. Government by + gangs in times of anarchy. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0056"> II. The development + of the ideas of killings in the mass of the party. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0057"> III. Terror is + their Salvation. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0058"> IV. Date of the + determination of this. The actors and their parts. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0059"> V. Abasement and + Stupor. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0060"> + VI. Jacobin Massacre. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0010"> CHAPTER II. THE + DEPARTMENTS. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0062"> I. The + Sovereignty of the People. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0063"> II. In several + departments it establishes itself in advance. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0064"> III. Each Jacobin + band a dictator in its own neighborhood. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0065"> IV. Ordinary + practices of the Jacobin dictatorship. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0066"> V. The companies of + traveling volunteers. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0067"> VI. A tour of + France in the cabinet of the Minister of the Interior. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0011"> CHAPTER III. SECOND + STAGE OF THE JACOBIN CONQUEST </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0069"> I. The second + stage of the Jacobin conquest. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0070"> II. The elections. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0071"> III. + Composition and tone of the secondary assemblies. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0072"> IV. Composition of + the National Convention. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0073"> V. The Jacobins + forming alone the Sovereign People. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0074"> VI. Composition of + the party. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0075"> VII. The Jacobin + Chieftains. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2HCH0012"> CHAPTER IV. + PRECARIOUS SITUATION OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0077"> I. Jacobin + advantages. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0078"> II. Its + parliamentary recruits. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0079"> III. Physical fear + and moral cowardice. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0080"> IV. Jacobin victory + over Girondin majority. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0081"> V. Jacobin violence + against the people. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0082"> VI. Jacobin + tactics. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0083"> + VII. The central Jacobin committee in power. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2579/2579-h/2579-h.htm#link2H_4_0084"> VIII. Right or + Wrong, my Country. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <br /> <br /> + <hr /> + <a name="v4" id="v4"></a> <br /> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm"> <big><b>THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, + VOLUME 3.</b></big> </a><br /> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_PREF"> PREFACE. </a><br /><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0002"> <b>BOOK FIRST. THE + ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. JACOBIN + GOVERNMENT </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0004"> I. The despotic + creed and instincts of the Jacobin. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0005"> II. Jacobin + Dissimulation. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0006"> III. Primary + Assemblies </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0007"> IV. The Delegates + reach Paris </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0008"> V. Fête of August + 10th </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0009"> + VI. The Mountain. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0010"> VII. Extent and + Manifesto of the departmental insurrection. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0011"> VIII. The Reasons + for the Terror. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0012"> IX. Destruction of + Rebel Cities </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0013"> X. Destruction of + the Girondin party </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0014"> XI. Institutions of + the Revolutionary Government </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0015"> <b>BOOK SECOND. + THE JACOBIN PROGRAM.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER I. THE JACOBIN + PARTY </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0017"> I. The Doctrine. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0018"> II. A + Communist State. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0019"> III. The object of + the State is the regeneration of man. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0020"> IV. Two distortions + of the natural man. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0021"> V. Equality and + Inequality. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0022"> VI. Conditions + requisite for making a citizen. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0023"> VII. Socialist + projects. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0024"> VIII. + Indoctrination of mind and intellect. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER II. + REACTIONARY CONCEPT OF THE STATE. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0026"> I. Reactionary + concept of the State. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0027"> II. Changed minds. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0028"> III. + Origin and nature of the modern State. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0029"> IV. The state is + tempted to encroach. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0030"> V. Direct common + interest. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0031"> VI. Indirect common + interest. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0032"> VII. Fabrication of + social instruments. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0033"> VIII. Comparison + between despotisms. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0034"> <b>BOOK THIRD. THE + MEN IN POWER.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER I. PSYCHOLOGY + OF THE JACOBIN LEADERS. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0036"> I. Marat. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0037"> II. Danton. </a><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0038"> III. + Robespierre. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER II. THE + RULERS OF THE COUNTRY. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0040"> I. The + Convention. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0041"> II. Its + participation in crime. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0042"> III. The Committee + of Public Safety. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0043"> IV. The Statesmen. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0044"> V. + Official Jacobin organs. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0045"> VI. Commissars of + the Revolution. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0046"> VII. Brutal + Instincts. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0047"> IX. Vice. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER III. THE + RULERS. (continued). </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0049"> I. The Central + Government Administration. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0050"> II. Subaltern + Jacobins. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0051"> III. A + Revolutionary Committee. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0052"> IV. Provincial + Administration. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0053"> V. Jacobins sent to + the Provinces. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0054"> VI. Quality of + staff thus formed. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0055"> VII. The Armed + Forces. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0056"> <b>BOOK FOURTH. + THE GOVERNED.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2HCH0007"> CHAPTER I. THE + OPPRESSED. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0058"> I. Revolutionary + Destruction. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0059"> II. The Value of + Notables in Society. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0060"> III. The three + classes of Notables. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0061"> IV. The Clergy. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0062"> V. The + Bourgeoisie. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0063"> VI. The + Demi-notables. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0064"> VII. Principle of + socialist Equality. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0065"> VIII. Rigor against + the Upper Classes. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0066"> IX. The Jacobin + Citizen Robot. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0067"> X. The Governors + and the Governed. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER II. FOOD + AND PROVISIONS. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0070"> I. Economical + Complexity of Food Chain. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0071"> II. Conditions in + 1793. A Lesson in Market Economics. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0072"> III. Privation. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0073"> IV. + Hunger. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0074"> + V. Revolutionary Remedies. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0075"> VI. Relaxation. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0076"> VII. + Misery at Paris. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0077"> <b>BOOK FIFTH. THE + END OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER I. THE + CONVENTION. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0079"> I. The + Convention. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0080"> II. Re-election of + the Two-thirds. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0081"> III. A Directory of + Regicides. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0082"> IV. Public Opinon. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0083"> VI. + The Directory. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0084"> VII. Enforcement of + Pure Jacobinism. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0085"> VIII. Propaganda + and Foreign Conquests. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0086"> IX. National + Disgust. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2580/2580-h/2580-h.htm#link2H_4_0087"> + X. Contrast between Civil and Military France. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <br /> <br /> + <hr /> + <br /><a name="v5" id="v5"></a> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm"> <big><b>THE MODERN REGIME, + VOLUME 1 [NAPOLEON]</b></big> </a><br /> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_PREF"> PREFACE </a><br /><br /> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0002"> <b>BOOK FIRST. + NAPOLEON BONAPARTE.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL + IMPORTANCE OF HIS CHARACTER AND GENIUS. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0004"> I. Napoleon's + Past and Personality. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0005"> II. The Leader and + Statesman </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0006"> III. His acute + Understanding of Others. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0007"> IV. His Wonderful + Memory. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0008"> + V. His Imagination and its Excesses. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. HIS + IDEAS, PASSIONS AND INTELLIGENCE. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0010"> I. Intense + Passions. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0011"> II. Will and + Egoism. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0012"> + III. Napoleon's Dominant Passion: Power. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0013"> IV. His Bad + Manners. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0014"> + V. His Policy. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0015"> VI. Fundamental + Defaults of his System. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0016"> <b>BOOK SECOND. + FORMATION AND CHARACTER OF THE NEW STATE.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER I. THE + INSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENT </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0018"> I. The + Institution of Government. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0019"> II. Default of + previous government. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0020"> III. In 1799, the + undertaking more difficult and the materials worse. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0021"> IV. Motives for + suppressing the election of local powers. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0022"> V. Reasons for + centralization. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0023"> VI. Irreconcilable + divisions. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0024"> VII. Establishment + of a new Dictatorship. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER II. PUBLIC + POWER </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0026"> I. Principal + service rendered by the public power. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0027"> II. Abusive + Government Intervention. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0028"> III. The State + attacks persons and property. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0029"> IV. Abuse of State + powers. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0030"> + V. Final Results of Abusive Government Intervention </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER III. THE + NEW GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0032"> I. Precedents of + the new organization. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0033"> II. Doctrines of + Government. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0034"> III. Brilliant + Statesman and Administrator. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0035"> IV. Napoleon's + barracks. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0036"> V. Modeled after + Rome. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0037"> <b>BOOK THIRD. + OBJECT AND MERITS OF THE SYSTEM.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER I. RECOVERY OF + SOCIAL ORDER. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0039"> I. Rule as the + mass want to be ruled. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0040"> II. The Revolution + Ends. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0041"> + III. Return of the Emigrés. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0042"> IV. Education and + Medical Care. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0043"> V. Old and New. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0044"> VI. + Religion </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0045"> + VII. The Confiscated Property. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0046"> VIII. Public + Education. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2HCH0007"> CHAPTER II. + TAXATION AND CONSCRIPTION. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0048"> I. Distributive + Justice in Allotment of Burdens and Benefits. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0049"> II. Equitable + Taxation. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0050"> III. Formation of + Honest, Efficient Tax Collectors </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0051"> IV. Various Taxes. + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0052"> V. + Conscription or Professional soldiers. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER III. + AMBITION AND SELF-ESTEEM. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0054"> I. Rights and + benefits. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0055"> II. Ambitions + during the Ancient Regime. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0056"> III. Ambition and + Selection. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0057"> IV. Napoleon, + Judge-Arbitrator-Ruler. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0058"> IV. The Struggle + for Office and Title. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0059"> V. Self-esteem and + a good Reputation. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0060"> <b>BOOK FOURTH. + DEFECT AND EFFECTS OF THE SYSTEM.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER I. LOCAL + SOCIETY. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0062"> I. Human + Incentives. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0063"> II. Local + Community. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0064"> III. Essential + Public Local Works. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0065"> IV. Local + associations. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0066"> V. Local versus + State authority. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0067"> VI. Local Elections + under the First Consul. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0068"> VII. Municipal and + general councillors under the Empire. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0069"> VIII. Excellence of + Local Government after Napoleon. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2HCH0010"> CHAPTER II. LOCAL + SOCIETY SINCE 1830. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0071"> I. Introduction + of Universal suffrage. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0072"> II. Universal + suffrage. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0073"> III. Equity in + taxation. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0074"> IV. On unlimited + universal suffrage. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0075"> V. Rural or urban + communes. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0076"> VI. The larger + Communes. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0077"> VII. Local society + in 1880. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2581/2581-h/2581-h.htm#link2H_4_0078"> + VIII. Final result in a tendency to bankruptcy. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <br /> <br /> + <hr /> + <br /><a name="v6" id="v6"></a> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm"> <big><b>THE MODERN REGIME, + VOLUME 2</b></big> </a><br /> <br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_PREF"> PREFACE By André + Chevrillon. </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0002"> <b>BOOK FIFTH. THE + CHURCH.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. MORAL + INSTITUTIONS </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0004"> I. Napoleon's + Objectives. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0005"> II. Napoleon's + opinions and methods. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0006"> III. Dealing with + the Pope. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0007"> IV. The Pope, + Napoleon's employee. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0008"> V. State domination + of all religion. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0009"> VI. Napoleon + Executes the Concordat. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0010"> VII. System to + which the regular clergy is subject. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0011"> VIII. + Administrative Control. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0012"> IX. The Imperial + Catechism </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0013"> X. The Council of + 1811.—The Concordat of 1813. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. THE + CATHOLIC CHURCH. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0015"> I. The Catholic + System. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0016"> + II. The Bishops and their new Situation. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0017"> III. The new + Bishop. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0018"> + IV. The subordinate clergy. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III THE + CLERGY </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0020"> I. The regular + clergy. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0021"> + II. Evolution of the Catholic Church. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0022"> III. The Church + today. </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0023"> + IV. Contrasting Vistas. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0024"> <b>BOOK SIXTH. + PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.</b> </a><br /><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER I. PUBLIC + INSTRUCTION </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0026"> I. Public + instruction and its three effects. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0027"> II. Napoleon's + Educational Instruments. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0028"> III. Napoleon's + machinery. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0029"> VI. Objects and + sentiments. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0030"> V. Military + preparation and the cult of the Emperor. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER II. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0032"> I. Primary + Instruction. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0033"> II. Higher + Education. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0034"> III. On Science, + Reason and Truth. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0035"> IV. Napoleon's + stranglehold on science. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0036"> V. On Censorship + under Napoleon. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER III. + EVOLUTION BETWEEN 1814 AND 1890. </a><br /> + <div class="toc2"> + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0038"> I. Evolution of + the Napoleonic machine. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0039"> II. Educational + monopoly of Church and State. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0040"> III. Internal Vices + </a><br /> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0041"> IV. + Cramming and Exams Compared to Apprenticeship </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0042"> V. Public + instruction in 1890. </a><br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2582/2582-h/2582-h.htm#link2H_4_0043"> VI. Summary. </a><br /><br /> + </div> + <br /> + </div> + </td> + </tr> + </table> + +<hr /> + +<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE ***</div> +<div style='text-align:left'> + +<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> +Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will +be renamed. +</div> + +<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part +of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project +Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ +concept and trademark. 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Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3986f8d --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #23524 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/23524) diff --git a/old/23524-8.txt b/old/23524-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..080eb7e --- /dev/null +++ b/old/23524-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1020 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Origins of Contemporary France, Complete, by +Hippolyte A. Taine + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Origins of Contemporary France, Complete + Linked Table of Contents to the Six Volumes + +Author: Hippolyte A. Taine + +Annotator: Svend Rom + +Editor: David Widger + +Translator: John Durand, 1880 + +Release Date: June 21, 2008 [EBook #23524] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE *** + + + + +Produced by David Widger + + + + + +THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE + +SIX VOLUMES: COMPLETE TABLE OF CONTENTS + +by Hippolyte A. Taine +Volume One: Ancient Regime +Volume Two: French Revolution I. +Volume Three: French Revolution II. +Volume Four: French Revolution III. +Volume Five: Napoleon I. +Volume Six: Modern Regime + + + +THE ANCIENT REGIME + +INTRODUCTION +PREFACE: +PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR: ON POLITICAL IGNORANCE AND WISDOM. + +BOOK FIRST. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT SOCIETY. + +CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF PRIVILEGES. +I. Services and Recompenses of the Clergy. +II. Services and Recompenses of the Nobles. +III. Services and Recompenses of the King. + +CHAPTER II. THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. +I. Number of the Privileged Classes. +II. Their Possessions, Capital, and Revenue. +III. Their Immunities. +IV. Their Feudal Rights. +V. They may be justified by local and general services. +CHAPTER III. LOCAL SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. +I. Examples in Germany and England.—These services are not rendered by +II. Resident Seigniors. +III. Absentee Seigniors. + +CHAPTER IV. PUBLIC SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. +I. England compared to France. +II. The Clergy +III. Influence of the Nobles.. +IV. Isolation of the Chiefs +V. The King's Incompetence and Generosity. +VI. Latent Disorganization in France. + +BOOK SECOND. MORALS AND CHARACTERS. + +CHAPTER I. MORAL PRINCIPLES UNDER THE ANCIENT REGIME. +The Court and a life of pomp and parade. +I. Versailles. +The Physical aspect and the moral character of Versailles. +II. The King's Household. +III. The King's Associates. +IV. Everyday Life In Court. +V. Royal Distractions. +VI. Upper Class Distractions. +VII. Provincial Nobility. + +CHAPTER II. DRAWING ROOM LIFE. +I. Perfect only in France +II. Social Life Has Priority. +III. Universal Pleasure Seeking. +IV. Enjoyment. +V. Happiness. +VI. Gaiety. +VII. Theater, Parade And Extravagance. + +CHAPTER III. DISADVANTAGES OF THIS DRAWING ROOM LIFE. +I. Its Barrenness and Artificiality +II. Return To Nature And Sentiment. +III. Personality Defects. + +BOOK THIRD. THE SPIRIT AND THE DOCTRINE. + +CHAPTER I. SCIENTIFIC ACQUISITION. +I. Scientific Progress. +II. Science Detached From Theology. +III. The Transformation Of History. +IV. The New Psychology. +V. The Analytical Method. + +CHAPTER II. THE CLASSIC SPIRIT, THE SECOND ELEMENT. +I. Through Colored Glasses. +II. Its Original Deficiency. +III. The Mathematical Method. + +CHAPTER III. COMBINATION OF THE TWO ELEMENTS. +I. Birth Of A Doctrine, A Revelation. +II. Ancestral Tradition And Culture. +III. Reason At War With Illusion. +IV. Casting Out The Residue Of Truth And Justice. +V. The Dream Of A Return To Nature. +VI. The Abolition Of Society. Rousseau. +VII: The Lost Children. + +CHAPTER IV. ORGANIZING THE FUTURE SOCIETY. +I. Liberty, Equality And Sovereignty Of The People. +II. Naive Convictions +III. Our True Human Nature. +IV. Birth Of Socialist Theory, Its Two Sides. +V. Social Contract, Summary. + +BOOK FOURTH. THE PROPAGATION OF THE DOCTRINE. + +CHAPTER I.—SUCCESS OF THIS PHILOSOPHY IN FRANCE.—FAILURE OF THE SAME +I. The Propagating Organ, Eloquence. +II. Its Method. +III. Its Popularity. +IV. The Masters. + +CHAPTER II. THE FRENCH PUBLIC. +I. The Nobility. +II. Conditions In France. +III. French Indolence. +IV. Unbelief. +V. Political Opposition. +VI. Well-Meaning Government. + +CHAPTER III. THE MIDDLE CLASS. +I. The Past. +II. CHANGE IN THE CONDITION OF THE BOURGEOIS. +III. Social Promotion. +IV. Rousseau's Philosophy Spreads And Takes HOLD. +V. Revolutionary Passions. +VI. Summary + +BOOK FIFTH. THE PEOPLE + +CHAPTER I. HARDSHIPS. +I. Privations. +II. The Peasants. +III. The Countryside. +IV. The Peasant Becomes Landowner. + +CHAPTER II. TAXATION THE PRINCIPAL CAUSE OF MISERY. +I. Extortion. +II. Local Conditions. +III. The Common Laborer. +IV. Collections And Seizures.—Observe the system actually at work. It +V. Indirect Taxes. +VI. Burdens And Exemptions. +VII. Municipal Taxation. +VIII. Complaints In The Registers. + +CHAPTER III. INTELLECTUAL STATE OF THE PEOPLE. +I. Intellectual incapacity +II. Political incapacity +III. Destructive impulses +IV. Insurrectionary leaders and recruits + +CHAPTER IV. THE ARMED FORCES. +I. Military force declines +II. The social organization is dissolved +III. Direction of the current + +CHAPTER V. SUMMARY. +I. Suicide of the Ancient Regime. +II. Aspirations for the 'Great Revolution.' + +END OF VOLUME + + + +THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 1. + +PREFACE + +BOOK FIRST. SPONTANEOUS ANARCHY. + +CHAPTER I. THE BEGINNINGS OF ANARCHY. +I. Dearth the first cause. +II. Expectations the second cause +III. The provinces during the first six months of 1789 +IV. Intervention of ruffians and vagabonds. +V. Effect on the Population of the New Ideas. +VI. The first jacquerie in Province + +CHAPTER II. PARIS UP TO THE 14TH OF JULY. +I. Mob recruits in the vicinity +II. The Press. +III. The Rveillon affair. +IV. The Palais-Royal. +V. Popular mobs become a political force. +VI. July 13th and 14th 1789. +VII. Murders of Foulon and Berthier. +VIII. Paris in the hands of the people. + +CHAPTER III. +I. Anarchy from July 14th to October 6th, 1789 +II. The provinces +III. Public feeling. Famine +IV. Panic. +V. Attacks on public individuals and public property. +VI. Taxes are no longer paid. +VII. Attack upon private individuals and private property. + +CHAPTER IV. PARIS. +I. Paris. +II. The distress of the people. +III. The new popular leaders. +IV. Intervention by the popular leaders with the Government. +V. The 5th and 6th of October. +VI. The Government and the nation in the hands of the revolutionary party. + +BOOK SECOND. THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, AND THE RESULT OF ITS LABORS. + +CHAPTER I. CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE FRAMING OF GOOD LAWS. +I. These conditions absent in the Assembly +II. Inadequacy of its information. +III. The Power Of Simple, General Ideas. +IV. Refusal to supply the ministry + +CHAPTER II. DESTRUCTION. +I. Two principal vices of the ancient rgime. +II Nature of societies, and the principle of enduring constitutions. +III. The estates of a society. +IV. Abuse and lukewarmness in 1789 in the ecclesiastical bodies. + +CHAPTER III. THE CONSTRUCTIONS THE CONSTITUTION OF 1791. +I. Powers of the Central Government. +II. The Creation Of Popular Democracy. +III. Municipal Kingdoms. +IV. On Universal Suffrage. +V. The Ruling Minority. +VI. Summary of the work of the Constituent Assembly. + +BOOK THIRD. THE APPLICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION. + +CHAPTER I. +I. The Federations. +II. Independence of the municipalities. +III. Independent Assemblies. + +CHAPTER II. SOVEREIGNTY OF UNRESTRAINED PASSIONS. +I. Old Religious Grudges +II. Passion Supreme. +III. Egotism of the tax-payer. +IV. Cupidity of tenants. + +CHAPTER III. DEVELOPMENT OF THE RULING PASSION +I. Attitude of the nobles. Their moderate resistance. +II. Workings of the popular imagination with respect to them. +III. Domiciliary visits. +IV. The nobles obliged to leave the rural districts. +V. Persecutions in private life. +VI. Conduct of officers. +VI. Conduct of the officers. +VII. Emigration and its causes. +VIII. Attitude of the non-juring priests. +IX. General state of opinion. + + + + + +THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 2. + +PREFACE: + +BOOK FIRST. THE JACOBINS. + +CHAPTER I. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW POLITICAL ORGAN. +I. Principle of the revolutionary party. +II. The Jacobins. +III. Psychology of the Jacobin. +IV. What the theory promises. + +CHAPTER II. THE JACOBINS +I. Formation of the party. +II. Spontaneous associations after July 14, 1789. +III. How they view the liberty of the press. +IV. Their rallying-points. +V. Small number of Jacobins. + +BOOK SECOND. THE FIRST STAGE OF THE CONQUEST. + +CHAPTER I. THE JACOBINS COME INTO IN POWER. +I. Their siege operations. +II. Annoyances and dangers of public elections. +III. The friends of order deprived of the right of free assemblage. +V. Intimidation and withdrawal of the Conservatives. + +CHAPTER II. THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY +I. Composition of the Legislative Assembly. +II. Degree and quality of their intelligence and Culture. +III. Aspects of their sessions. +IV. The Parties. +V. Their means of action. +VI. Parliamentary maneuvers. + +CHAPTER III. POLICY OF THE ASSEMBLY +I. Policy of the Assembly. State of France at the end of 1791. +II. The Assembly hostile to the oppressed and favoring oppressors. +III. War. +IV. Secret motives of the leaders. +V. Effects of the war on the common people. + +CHAPTER IV. THE DEPARTMENTS. +I. Provence in 1792. Early supremacy of the Jacobins in Marseilles. +II. The expedition to Aix. +III. The Constitutionalists of Arles. +IV. The Jacobins of Avignon. +V. The other departments. + +CHAPTER V. PARIS. +I. Pressure of the Assembly on the King. +II. The floating and poor population of Paris. +III. Its leaders. Their committee. Methods for arousing the crowd. +IV. The 20th of June. + +CHAPTER VI. THE BIRTH OF THE TERRIBLE PARIS COMMUNE. +I. Indignation of the Constitutionalists. +II. Pressure on the King. +III. The Girondins have worked for the benefit of the Jacobins. +IV. Vain attempts of the Girondins to put it down. +V. Evening of August 8. +VI. Nights of August 9 and 10. +VII. August 10. +VIII. State of Paris in the Interregnum. + +BOOK THIRD. THE SECOND STAGE OF THE CONQUEST. + +CHAPTER I. TERROR +I. Government by gangs in times of anarchy. +II. The development of the ideas of killings in the mass of the party. +III. Terror is their Salvation. +IV. Date of the determination of this. The actors and their parts. +V. Abasement and Stupor. +VI. Jacobin Massacre. + +CHAPTER II. THE DEPARTMENTS. +I. The Sovereignty of the People. +II. In several departments it establishes itself in advance. +III. Each Jacobin band a dictator in its own neighborhood. +IV. Ordinary practices of the Jacobin dictatorship. +V. The companies of traveling volunteers. +VI. A tour of France in the cabinet of the Minister of the Interior. + +CHAPTER III. SECOND STAGE OF THE JACOBIN CONQUEST +I. The second stage of the Jacobin conquest. +II. The elections. +III. Composition and tone of the secondary assemblies. +IV. Composition of the National Convention. +V. The Jacobins forming alone the Sovereign People. +VI. Composition of the party. +VII. The Jacobin Chieftains. + +CHAPTER IV. PRECARIOUS SITUATION OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. +I. Jacobin advantages. +II. Its parliamentary recruits. +III. Physical fear and moral cowardice. +IV. Jacobin victory over Girondin majority. +V. Jacobin violence against the people. +VI. Jacobin tactics. +VII. The central Jacobin committee in power. +VIII. Right or Wrong, my Country. + + + +THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 3. + +PREFACE. + +BOOK FIRST. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT. + +CHAPTER I. JACOBIN GOVERNMENT +I. The despotic creed and instincts of the Jacobin. +II. Jacobin Dissimulation. +III. Primary Assemblies +IV. The Delegates reach Paris +V. Fte of August 10th +VI. The Mountain. +VII. Extent and Manifesto of the departmental insurrection +VIII. The Reasons for the Terror. +IX. Destruction of Rebel Cities +X. Destruction of the Girondin party +XI. Institutions of the Revolutionary Government + +BOOK SECOND. THE JACOBIN PROGRAM. + +CHAPTER I. THE JACOBIN PARTY +I. The Doctrine. +II. A Communist State. +III. The object of the State is the regeneration of man. +IV. Two distortions of the natural man. +V. Equality and Inequality. +VI. Conditions requisite for making a citizen. +VII. Socialist projects. +VIII. Indoctrination of mind and intellect. + +CHAPTER II. REACTIONARY CONCEPT OF THE STATE. +I. Reactionary concept of the State. +II. Changed minds. +III. Origin and nature of the modern State. +IV. The state is tempted to encroach. +V. Direct common interest. +VI. Indirect common interest. +VII. Fabrication of social instruments. +VIII. Comparison between despotisms. + +BOOK THIRD. THE MEN IN POWER. + +CHAPTER I. PSYCHOLOGY OF THE JACOBIN LEADERS. +I. Marat. +II. Danton. +III. Robespierre. + +CHAPTER II. THE RULERS OF THE COUNTRY. +I. The Convention. +II. Its participation in crime. +III. The Committee of Public Safety. +IV. The Statesmen. +V. Official Jacobin organs. +VI. Commissars of the Revolution. +VII. Brutal Instincts. +IX. Vice. + +CHAPTER III. THE RULERS. (continued). +I. The Central Government Administration. +II. Subaltern Jacobins. +III. A Revolutionary Committee. +IV. Provincial Administration. +V. Jacobins sent to the Provinces. +VI. Quality of staff thus formed. +VII. The Armed Forces. + +BOOK FOURTH. THE GOVERNED. + +CHAPTER I. THE OPPRESSED. +I. Revolutionary Destruction. +II. The Value of Notables in Society. +III. The three classes of Notables. +IV. The Clergy. +V. The Bourgeoisie. +VI. The Demi-notables. +VII. Principle of socialist Equality. +VIII. Rigor against the Upper Classes. +IX. The Jacobin Citizen Robot. +X. The Governors and the Governed. + +CHAPTER II. FOOD AND PROVISIONS. +I. Economical Complexity of Food Chain. +II. Conditions in 1793. A Lesson in Market Economics. +III. Privation. +IV. Hunger. +V. Revolutionary Remedies. +VI. Relaxation. +VII. Misery at Paris. + +BOOK FIFTH. THE END OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT. + +CHAPTER I. THE CONVENTION. +I. The Convention. +II. Re-election of the Two-thirds. +III. A Directory of Regicides. +IV. Public Opinon. +VI. The Directory. +VII. Enforcement of Pure Jacobinism. +VIII. Propaganda and Foreign Conquests. +IX. National Disgust. +X. Contrast between Civil and Military France. + + + +THE MODERN REGIME, VOLUME 1 [NAPOLEON] + +PREFACE + +BOOK FIRST. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. + +CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF HIS CHARACTER AND GENIUS. +I. Napoleon's Past and Personality. +II. The Leader and Statesman +III. His acute Understanding of Others. +IV. His Wonderful Memory. +V. His Imagination and its Excesses. + +CHAPTER II. HIS IDEAS, PASSIONS AND INTELLIGENCE. +I. Intense Passions. +II. Will and Egoism. +III. Napoleon's Dominant Passion: Power. +IV. His Bad Manners. +V. His Policy. +VI. Fundamental Defaults of his System. + +BOOK SECOND. FORMATION AND CHARACTER OF THE NEW STATE. + +CHAPTER I. THE INSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENT +I. The Institution of Government. +II. Default of previous government. +III. In 1799, the undertaking more difficult and the materials worse. +IV. Motives for suppressing the election of local powers. +V. Reasons for centralization. +VI. Irreconcilable divisions. +VII. Establishment of a new Dictatorship. + +CHAPTER II. PUBLIC POWER +I. Principal service rendered by the public power. +II. Abusive Government Intervention. +III. The State attacks persons and property. +IV. Abuse of State powers. +V. Final Results of Abusive Government Intervention + +CHAPTER III. THE NEW GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION. +I. Precedents of the new organization. +II. Doctrines of Government. +III. Brilliant Statesman and Administrator. +IV. Napoleon's barracks. +V. Modeled after Rome. + +BOOK THIRD. OBJECT AND MERITS OF THE SYSTEM. + +CHAPTER I. RECOVERY OF SOCIAL ORDER. +I. Rule as the mass want to be ruled. +II. The Revolution Ends. +III. Return of the Emigrs. +IV. Education and Medical Care. +V. Old and New. +VI. Religion +VII. The Confiscated Property. +VIII. Public Education. + +CHAPTER II. TAXATION AND CONSCRIPTION. +I. Distributive Justice in Allotment of Burdens and Benefits. +II. Equitable Taxation. +III. Formation of Honest, Efficient Tax Collectors +IV. Various Taxes. +V. Conscription or Professional soldiers. + +CHAPTER III. AMBITION AND SELF-ESTEEM. +I. Rights and benefits. +II. Ambitions during the Ancient Regime. +III. Ambition and Selection. +IV. Napoleon, Judge-Arbitrator-Ruler. +IV. The Struggle for Office and Title. +V. Self-esteem and a good Reputation. + +BOOK FOURTH. DEFECT AND EFFECTS OF THE SYSTEM. + +CHAPTER I. LOCAL SOCIETY. +I. Human Incentives. +II. Local Community. +III. Essential Public Local Works. +IV. Local associations. +V. Local versus State authority. +VI. Local Elections under the First Consul. +VII. Municipal and general councillors under the Empire. +VIII. Excellence of Local Government after Napoleon. + +CHAPTER II. LOCAL SOCIETY SINCE 1830. +I. Introduction of Universal suffrage. +II. Universal suffrage. +III. Equity in taxation. +IV. On unlimited universal suffrage. +V. Rural or urban communes. +VI. The larger Communes. +VII. Local society in 1880. +VIII. Final result in a tendency to bankruptcy. + + + +THE MODERN REGIME, VOLUME 2 + +PREFACE By Andr Chevrillon. + +BOOK FIFTH. THE CHURCH. + +CHAPTER I. MORAL INSTITUTIONS +I. Napoleon's Objectives. +II. Napoleon's opinions and methods. +III. Dealing with the Pope. +IV. The Pope, Napoleon's employee. +V. State domination of all religion. +VI. Napoleon Executes the Concordat. +VII. System to which the regular clergy is subject. +VIII. Administrative Control. +IX. The Imperial Catechism +X. The Council of 1811.—The Concordat of 1813. + +CHAPTER II. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. +I. The Catholic System. +II. The Bishops and their new Situation. +III. The new Bishop. +IV. The subordinate clergy. + +CHAPTER III THE CLERGY +I. The regular clergy. +II. Evolution of the Catholic Church. +III. The Church today. +IV. Contrasting Vistas. + +BOOK SIXTH. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. + +CHAPTER I. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION +I. Public instruction and its three effects. +II. Napoleon's Educational Instruments. +III. Napoleon's machinery. +VI. Objects and sentiments. +V. Military preparation and the cult of the Emperor. + +CHAPTER II. +I. Primary Instruction. +II. Higher Education. +III. On Science, Reason and Truth. +IV. Napoleon's stranglehold on science. +V. On Censorship under Napoleon. + +CHAPTER III. EVOLUTION BETWEEN 1814 AND 1890. +I. Evolution of the Napoleonic machine. +II. Educational monopoly of Church and State. +III. Internal Vices +IV. Cramming and Exams Compared to Apprenticeship +V. Public instruction in 1890. +VI. Summary. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Origins of Contemporary France, +Complete, by Hippolyte A. Taine + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE *** + +***** This file should be named 23524-8.txt or 23524-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/5/2/23524/ + +Produced by David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/23524-8.zip b/old/23524-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..63970fa --- /dev/null +++ b/old/23524-8.zip diff --git a/old/23524.txt b/old/23524.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfb3426 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/23524.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1020 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Origins of Contemporary France, Complete, by +Hippolyte A. Taine + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Origins of Contemporary France, Complete + Linked Table of Contents to the Six Volumes + +Author: Hippolyte A. Taine + +Annotator: Svend Rom + +Editor: David Widger + +Translator: John Durand, 1880 + +Release Date: June 21, 2008 [EBook #23524] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE *** + + + + +Produced by David Widger + + + + + +THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE + +SIX VOLUMES: COMPLETE TABLE OF CONTENTS + +by Hippolyte A. Taine +Volume One: Ancient Regime +Volume Two: French Revolution I. +Volume Three: French Revolution II. +Volume Four: French Revolution III. +Volume Five: Napoleon I. +Volume Six: Modern Regime + + + +THE ANCIENT REGIME + +INTRODUCTION +PREFACE: +PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR: ON POLITICAL IGNORANCE AND WISDOM. + +BOOK FIRST. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT SOCIETY. + +CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF PRIVILEGES. +I. Services and Recompenses of the Clergy. +II. Services and Recompenses of the Nobles. +III. Services and Recompenses of the King. + +CHAPTER II. THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. +I. Number of the Privileged Classes. +II. Their Possessions, Capital, and Revenue. +III. Their Immunities. +IV. Their Feudal Rights. +V. They may be justified by local and general services. +CHAPTER III. LOCAL SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. +I. Examples in Germany and England.—These services are not rendered by +II. Resident Seigniors. +III. Absentee Seigniors. + +CHAPTER IV. PUBLIC SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. +I. England compared to France. +II. The Clergy +III. Influence of the Nobles.. +IV. Isolation of the Chiefs +V. The King's Incompetence and Generosity. +VI. Latent Disorganization in France. + +BOOK SECOND. MORALS AND CHARACTERS. + +CHAPTER I. MORAL PRINCIPLES UNDER THE ANCIENT REGIME. +The Court and a life of pomp and parade. +I. Versailles. +The Physical aspect and the moral character of Versailles. +II. The King's Household. +III. The King's Associates. +IV. Everyday Life In Court. +V. Royal Distractions. +VI. Upper Class Distractions. +VII. Provincial Nobility. + +CHAPTER II. DRAWING ROOM LIFE. +I. Perfect only in France +II. Social Life Has Priority. +III. Universal Pleasure Seeking. +IV. Enjoyment. +V. Happiness. +VI. Gaiety. +VII. Theater, Parade And Extravagance. + +CHAPTER III. DISADVANTAGES OF THIS DRAWING ROOM LIFE. +I. Its Barrenness and Artificiality +II. Return To Nature And Sentiment. +III. Personality Defects. + +BOOK THIRD. THE SPIRIT AND THE DOCTRINE. + +CHAPTER I. SCIENTIFIC ACQUISITION. +I. Scientific Progress. +II. Science Detached From Theology. +III. The Transformation Of History. +IV. The New Psychology. +V. The Analytical Method. + +CHAPTER II. THE CLASSIC SPIRIT, THE SECOND ELEMENT. +I. Through Colored Glasses. +II. Its Original Deficiency. +III. The Mathematical Method. + +CHAPTER III. COMBINATION OF THE TWO ELEMENTS. +I. Birth Of A Doctrine, A Revelation. +II. Ancestral Tradition And Culture. +III. Reason At War With Illusion. +IV. Casting Out The Residue Of Truth And Justice. +V. The Dream Of A Return To Nature. +VI. The Abolition Of Society. Rousseau. +VII: The Lost Children. + +CHAPTER IV. ORGANIZING THE FUTURE SOCIETY. +I. Liberty, Equality And Sovereignty Of The People. +II. Naive Convictions +III. Our True Human Nature. +IV. Birth Of Socialist Theory, Its Two Sides. +V. Social Contract, Summary. + +BOOK FOURTH. THE PROPAGATION OF THE DOCTRINE. + +CHAPTER I.—SUCCESS OF THIS PHILOSOPHY IN FRANCE.—FAILURE OF THE SAME +I. The Propagating Organ, Eloquence. +II. Its Method. +III. Its Popularity. +IV. The Masters. + +CHAPTER II. THE FRENCH PUBLIC. +I. The Nobility. +II. Conditions In France. +III. French Indolence. +IV. Unbelief. +V. Political Opposition. +VI. Well-Meaning Government. + +CHAPTER III. THE MIDDLE CLASS. +I. The Past. +II. CHANGE IN THE CONDITION OF THE BOURGEOIS. +III. Social Promotion. +IV. Rousseau's Philosophy Spreads And Takes HOLD. +V. Revolutionary Passions. +VI. Summary + +BOOK FIFTH. THE PEOPLE + +CHAPTER I. HARDSHIPS. +I. Privations. +II. The Peasants. +III. The Countryside. +IV. The Peasant Becomes Landowner. + +CHAPTER II. TAXATION THE PRINCIPAL CAUSE OF MISERY. +I. Extortion. +II. Local Conditions. +III. The Common Laborer. +IV. Collections And Seizures.—Observe the system actually at work. It +V. Indirect Taxes. +VI. Burdens And Exemptions. +VII. Municipal Taxation. +VIII. Complaints In The Registers. + +CHAPTER III. INTELLECTUAL STATE OF THE PEOPLE. +I. Intellectual incapacity +II. Political incapacity +III. Destructive impulses +IV. Insurrectionary leaders and recruits + +CHAPTER IV. THE ARMED FORCES. +I. Military force declines +II. The social organization is dissolved +III. Direction of the current + +CHAPTER V. SUMMARY. +I. Suicide of the Ancient Regime. +II. Aspirations for the 'Great Revolution.' + +END OF VOLUME + + + +THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 1. + +PREFACE + +BOOK FIRST. SPONTANEOUS ANARCHY. + +CHAPTER I. THE BEGINNINGS OF ANARCHY. +I. Dearth the first cause. +II. Expectations the second cause +III. The provinces during the first six months of 1789 +IV. Intervention of ruffians and vagabonds. +V. Effect on the Population of the New Ideas. +VI. The first jacquerie in Province + +CHAPTER II. PARIS UP TO THE 14TH OF JULY. +I. Mob recruits in the vicinity +II. The Press. +III. The Reveillon affair. +IV. The Palais-Royal. +V. Popular mobs become a political force. +VI. July 13th and 14th 1789. +VII. Murders of Foulon and Berthier. +VIII. Paris in the hands of the people. + +CHAPTER III. +I. Anarchy from July 14th to October 6th, 1789 +II. The provinces +III. Public feeling. Famine +IV. Panic. +V. Attacks on public individuals and public property. +VI. Taxes are no longer paid. +VII. Attack upon private individuals and private property. + +CHAPTER IV. PARIS. +I. Paris. +II. The distress of the people. +III. The new popular leaders. +IV. Intervention by the popular leaders with the Government. +V. The 5th and 6th of October. +VI. The Government and the nation in the hands of the revolutionary party. + +BOOK SECOND. THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, AND THE RESULT OF ITS LABORS. + +CHAPTER I. CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE FRAMING OF GOOD LAWS. +I. These conditions absent in the Assembly +II. Inadequacy of its information. +III. The Power Of Simple, General Ideas. +IV. Refusal to supply the ministry + +CHAPTER II. DESTRUCTION. +I. Two principal vices of the ancient regime. +II Nature of societies, and the principle of enduring constitutions. +III. The estates of a society. +IV. Abuse and lukewarmness in 1789 in the ecclesiastical bodies. + +CHAPTER III. THE CONSTRUCTIONS THE CONSTITUTION OF 1791. +I. Powers of the Central Government. +II. The Creation Of Popular Democracy. +III. Municipal Kingdoms. +IV. On Universal Suffrage. +V. The Ruling Minority. +VI. Summary of the work of the Constituent Assembly. + +BOOK THIRD. THE APPLICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION. + +CHAPTER I. +I. The Federations. +II. Independence of the municipalities. +III. Independent Assemblies. + +CHAPTER II. SOVEREIGNTY OF UNRESTRAINED PASSIONS. +I. Old Religious Grudges +II. Passion Supreme. +III. Egotism of the tax-payer. +IV. Cupidity of tenants. + +CHAPTER III. DEVELOPMENT OF THE RULING PASSION +I. Attitude of the nobles. Their moderate resistance. +II. Workings of the popular imagination with respect to them. +III. Domiciliary visits. +IV. The nobles obliged to leave the rural districts. +V. Persecutions in private life. +VI. Conduct of officers. +VI. Conduct of the officers. +VII. Emigration and its causes. +VIII. Attitude of the non-juring priests. +IX. General state of opinion. + + + + + +THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 2. + +PREFACE: + +BOOK FIRST. THE JACOBINS. + +CHAPTER I. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW POLITICAL ORGAN. +I. Principle of the revolutionary party. +II. The Jacobins. +III. Psychology of the Jacobin. +IV. What the theory promises. + +CHAPTER II. THE JACOBINS +I. Formation of the party. +II. Spontaneous associations after July 14, 1789. +III. How they view the liberty of the press. +IV. Their rallying-points. +V. Small number of Jacobins. + +BOOK SECOND. THE FIRST STAGE OF THE CONQUEST. + +CHAPTER I. THE JACOBINS COME INTO IN POWER. +I. Their siege operations. +II. Annoyances and dangers of public elections. +III. The friends of order deprived of the right of free assemblage. +V. Intimidation and withdrawal of the Conservatives. + +CHAPTER II. THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY +I. Composition of the Legislative Assembly. +II. Degree and quality of their intelligence and Culture. +III. Aspects of their sessions. +IV. The Parties. +V. Their means of action. +VI. Parliamentary maneuvers. + +CHAPTER III. POLICY OF THE ASSEMBLY +I. Policy of the Assembly. State of France at the end of 1791. +II. The Assembly hostile to the oppressed and favoring oppressors. +III. War. +IV. Secret motives of the leaders. +V. Effects of the war on the common people. + +CHAPTER IV. THE DEPARTMENTS. +I. Provence in 1792. Early supremacy of the Jacobins in Marseilles. +II. The expedition to Aix. +III. The Constitutionalists of Arles. +IV. The Jacobins of Avignon. +V. The other departments. + +CHAPTER V. PARIS. +I. Pressure of the Assembly on the King. +II. The floating and poor population of Paris. +III. Its leaders. Their committee. Methods for arousing the crowd. +IV. The 20th of June. + +CHAPTER VI. THE BIRTH OF THE TERRIBLE PARIS COMMUNE. +I. Indignation of the Constitutionalists. +II. Pressure on the King. +III. The Girondins have worked for the benefit of the Jacobins. +IV. Vain attempts of the Girondins to put it down. +V. Evening of August 8. +VI. Nights of August 9 and 10. +VII. August 10. +VIII. State of Paris in the Interregnum. + +BOOK THIRD. THE SECOND STAGE OF THE CONQUEST. + +CHAPTER I. TERROR +I. Government by gangs in times of anarchy. +II. The development of the ideas of killings in the mass of the party. +III. Terror is their Salvation. +IV. Date of the determination of this. The actors and their parts. +V. Abasement and Stupor. +VI. Jacobin Massacre. + +CHAPTER II. THE DEPARTMENTS. +I. The Sovereignty of the People. +II. In several departments it establishes itself in advance. +III. Each Jacobin band a dictator in its own neighborhood. +IV. Ordinary practices of the Jacobin dictatorship. +V. The companies of traveling volunteers. +VI. A tour of France in the cabinet of the Minister of the Interior. + +CHAPTER III. SECOND STAGE OF THE JACOBIN CONQUEST +I. The second stage of the Jacobin conquest. +II. The elections. +III. Composition and tone of the secondary assemblies. +IV. Composition of the National Convention. +V. The Jacobins forming alone the Sovereign People. +VI. Composition of the party. +VII. The Jacobin Chieftains. + +CHAPTER IV. PRECARIOUS SITUATION OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. +I. Jacobin advantages. +II. Its parliamentary recruits. +III. Physical fear and moral cowardice. +IV. Jacobin victory over Girondin majority. +V. Jacobin violence against the people. +VI. Jacobin tactics. +VII. The central Jacobin committee in power. +VIII. Right or Wrong, my Country. + + + +THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 3. + +PREFACE. + +BOOK FIRST. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT. + +CHAPTER I. JACOBIN GOVERNMENT +I. The despotic creed and instincts of the Jacobin. +II. Jacobin Dissimulation. +III. Primary Assemblies +IV. The Delegates reach Paris +V. Fete of August 10th +VI. The Mountain. +VII. Extent and Manifesto of the departmental insurrection +VIII. The Reasons for the Terror. +IX. Destruction of Rebel Cities +X. Destruction of the Girondin party +XI. Institutions of the Revolutionary Government + +BOOK SECOND. THE JACOBIN PROGRAM. + +CHAPTER I. THE JACOBIN PARTY +I. The Doctrine. +II. A Communist State. +III. The object of the State is the regeneration of man. +IV. Two distortions of the natural man. +V. Equality and Inequality. +VI. Conditions requisite for making a citizen. +VII. Socialist projects. +VIII. Indoctrination of mind and intellect. + +CHAPTER II. REACTIONARY CONCEPT OF THE STATE. +I. Reactionary concept of the State. +II. Changed minds. +III. Origin and nature of the modern State. +IV. The state is tempted to encroach. +V. Direct common interest. +VI. Indirect common interest. +VII. Fabrication of social instruments. +VIII. Comparison between despotisms. + +BOOK THIRD. THE MEN IN POWER. + +CHAPTER I. PSYCHOLOGY OF THE JACOBIN LEADERS. +I. Marat. +II. Danton. +III. Robespierre. + +CHAPTER II. THE RULERS OF THE COUNTRY. +I. The Convention. +II. Its participation in crime. +III. The Committee of Public Safety. +IV. The Statesmen. +V. Official Jacobin organs. +VI. Commissars of the Revolution. +VII. Brutal Instincts. +IX. Vice. + +CHAPTER III. THE RULERS. (continued). +I. The Central Government Administration. +II. Subaltern Jacobins. +III. A Revolutionary Committee. +IV. Provincial Administration. +V. Jacobins sent to the Provinces. +VI. Quality of staff thus formed. +VII. The Armed Forces. + +BOOK FOURTH. THE GOVERNED. + +CHAPTER I. THE OPPRESSED. +I. Revolutionary Destruction. +II. The Value of Notables in Society. +III. The three classes of Notables. +IV. The Clergy. +V. The Bourgeoisie. +VI. The Demi-notables. +VII. Principle of socialist Equality. +VIII. Rigor against the Upper Classes. +IX. The Jacobin Citizen Robot. +X. The Governors and the Governed. + +CHAPTER II. FOOD AND PROVISIONS. +I. Economical Complexity of Food Chain. +II. Conditions in 1793. A Lesson in Market Economics. +III. Privation. +IV. Hunger. +V. Revolutionary Remedies. +VI. Relaxation. +VII. Misery at Paris. + +BOOK FIFTH. THE END OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT. + +CHAPTER I. THE CONVENTION. +I. The Convention. +II. Re-election of the Two-thirds. +III. A Directory of Regicides. +IV. Public Opinon. +VI. The Directory. +VII. Enforcement of Pure Jacobinism. +VIII. Propaganda and Foreign Conquests. +IX. National Disgust. +X. Contrast between Civil and Military France. + + + +THE MODERN REGIME, VOLUME 1 [NAPOLEON] + +PREFACE + +BOOK FIRST. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. + +CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF HIS CHARACTER AND GENIUS. +I. Napoleon's Past and Personality. +II. The Leader and Statesman +III. His acute Understanding of Others. +IV. His Wonderful Memory. +V. His Imagination and its Excesses. + +CHAPTER II. HIS IDEAS, PASSIONS AND INTELLIGENCE. +I. Intense Passions. +II. Will and Egoism. +III. Napoleon's Dominant Passion: Power. +IV. His Bad Manners. +V. His Policy. +VI. Fundamental Defaults of his System. + +BOOK SECOND. FORMATION AND CHARACTER OF THE NEW STATE. + +CHAPTER I. THE INSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENT +I. The Institution of Government. +II. Default of previous government. +III. In 1799, the undertaking more difficult and the materials worse. +IV. Motives for suppressing the election of local powers. +V. Reasons for centralization. +VI. Irreconcilable divisions. +VII. Establishment of a new Dictatorship. + +CHAPTER II. PUBLIC POWER +I. Principal service rendered by the public power. +II. Abusive Government Intervention. +III. The State attacks persons and property. +IV. Abuse of State powers. +V. Final Results of Abusive Government Intervention + +CHAPTER III. THE NEW GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION. +I. Precedents of the new organization. +II. Doctrines of Government. +III. Brilliant Statesman and Administrator. +IV. Napoleon's barracks. +V. Modeled after Rome. + +BOOK THIRD. OBJECT AND MERITS OF THE SYSTEM. + +CHAPTER I. RECOVERY OF SOCIAL ORDER. +I. Rule as the mass want to be ruled. +II. The Revolution Ends. +III. Return of the Emigres. +IV. Education and Medical Care. +V. Old and New. +VI. Religion +VII. The Confiscated Property. +VIII. Public Education. + +CHAPTER II. TAXATION AND CONSCRIPTION. +I. Distributive Justice in Allotment of Burdens and Benefits. +II. Equitable Taxation. +III. Formation of Honest, Efficient Tax Collectors +IV. Various Taxes. +V. Conscription or Professional soldiers. + +CHAPTER III. AMBITION AND SELF-ESTEEM. +I. Rights and benefits. +II. Ambitions during the Ancient Regime. +III. Ambition and Selection. +IV. Napoleon, Judge-Arbitrator-Ruler. +IV. The Struggle for Office and Title. +V. Self-esteem and a good Reputation. + +BOOK FOURTH. DEFECT AND EFFECTS OF THE SYSTEM. + +CHAPTER I. LOCAL SOCIETY. +I. Human Incentives. +II. Local Community. +III. Essential Public Local Works. +IV. Local associations. +V. Local versus State authority. +VI. Local Elections under the First Consul. +VII. Municipal and general councillors under the Empire. +VIII. Excellence of Local Government after Napoleon. + +CHAPTER II. LOCAL SOCIETY SINCE 1830. +I. Introduction of Universal suffrage. +II. Universal suffrage. +III. Equity in taxation. +IV. On unlimited universal suffrage. +V. Rural or urban communes. +VI. The larger Communes. +VII. Local society in 1880. +VIII. Final result in a tendency to bankruptcy. + + + +THE MODERN REGIME, VOLUME 2 + +PREFACE By Andre Chevrillon. + +BOOK FIFTH. THE CHURCH. + +CHAPTER I. MORAL INSTITUTIONS +I. Napoleon's Objectives. +II. Napoleon's opinions and methods. +III. Dealing with the Pope. +IV. The Pope, Napoleon's employee. +V. State domination of all religion. +VI. Napoleon Executes the Concordat. +VII. System to which the regular clergy is subject. +VIII. Administrative Control. +IX. The Imperial Catechism +X. The Council of 1811.—The Concordat of 1813. + +CHAPTER II. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. +I. The Catholic System. +II. The Bishops and their new Situation. +III. The new Bishop. +IV. The subordinate clergy. + +CHAPTER III THE CLERGY +I. The regular clergy. +II. Evolution of the Catholic Church. +III. The Church today. +IV. Contrasting Vistas. + +BOOK SIXTH. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. + +CHAPTER I. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION +I. Public instruction and its three effects. +II. Napoleon's Educational Instruments. +III. Napoleon's machinery. +VI. Objects and sentiments. +V. Military preparation and the cult of the Emperor. + +CHAPTER II. +I. Primary Instruction. +II. Higher Education. +III. On Science, Reason and Truth. +IV. Napoleon's stranglehold on science. +V. On Censorship under Napoleon. + +CHAPTER III. EVOLUTION BETWEEN 1814 AND 1890. +I. Evolution of the Napoleonic machine. +II. Educational monopoly of Church and State. +III. Internal Vices +IV. Cramming and Exams Compared to Apprenticeship +V. Public instruction in 1890. +VI. Summary. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Origins of Contemporary France, +Complete, by Hippolyte A. Taine + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE *** + +***** This file should be named 23524.txt or 23524.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/5/2/23524/ + +Produced by David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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