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+The Project Gutenberg eBook of Slave Narratives Volume XI,
+North Carolina Narratives, Part 1, Prepared by the Federal Writers' Project of
+ the Works Progress Administration for the State of North Carolina.
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery
+in the United States, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery in the United States
+       From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, Part 1
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 12, 2007 [EBook #22976]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SLAVE NARRATIVES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Marcia Brooks, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by the
+Library of Congress, Manuscript Division)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<h1>SLAVE NARRATIVES</h1>
+
+<h2><i>A Folk History of Slavery in the United States<br />
+From Interviews with Former Slaves</i></h2>
+
+
+<h4>TYPEWRITTEN RECORDS PREPARED BY<br />
+THE FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT</h4>
+
+<h4>1936-1938</h4>
+
+<h4>ASSEMBLED BY<br />
+THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROJECT<br />
+WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION<br />
+FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA<br />
+SPONSORED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS</h4>
+
+<h3><i>Illustrated with Photographs</i></h3>
+
+<h5>WASHINGTON 1941</h5>
+
+
+<h2>VOLUME XI</h2>
+
+<h2>NORTH CAROLINA NARRATIVES</h2>
+
+<h2>PART I</h2>
+
+<h4>Prepared by<br />
+the Federal Writers' Project of<br />
+the Works Progress Administration<br />
+for the State of North Carolina</h4>
+
+<div class="trans-note">
+<p>Transcriber's Note:</p>
+
+<p>To reflect the individual character of this document, inconsistencies
+in formatting have been retained.</p>
+
+<p>The interview headers presented here contain all information included
+in the original, but may have been rearranged for readability.</p>
+
+<p>Some interviews were date-stamped; these dates have been added to
+interview headers. Where part of date could not be determined a &mdash; has
+been substituted.</p>
+
+<p>In general, typographical errors have been left in place to match the
+original images. In the case where later editors have hand-written
+corrections, and simple typographical errors have been silently corrected.
+In addition, punctuation and formatting have been
+made consistent, particularly the use of quotation marks.
+Some corrections have been noted with a <ins class = "mycorr" title =
+"Any correction">mouse hover</ins>. <span class="hw">[HW: *]</span> denotes a <ins class = "edcorr"
+title = "handwritten note">Handwritten Note.</ins></p>
+
+<p>Added two lines to list of illustrations missing from original.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>INFORMANTS</h2>
+
+<a name="toc" id="toc"></a>
+<ul class="noindent">
+<li>Adams, Louisa<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></span></li>
+<li>Adkins, Ida<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_8">8</a></span></li>
+<li>Allen, Martha<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></span></li>
+<li>Anderson, Joseph<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></span></li>
+<li>Anderson, Mary<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_19">19</a></span></li>
+<li>Andrews, Cornelia<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></span></li>
+<li>Anngady, Mary<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></span></li>
+<li>Arrington, Jane <span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></span></li>
+<li>Augustus, Sarah Louis<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></span></li>
+<li>Austin, Charity<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></span></li>
+<li style="list-style: none"><br /></li>
+<li>Baker, Blount<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></span></li>
+<li>Baker, Lizzie<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_66">66</a></span></li>
+<li>Baker, Viney<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_70">70</a></span></li>
+<li>Barbour, Charlie<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_73">73</a></span></li>
+<li>Barbour, Mary<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_78">78</a></span></li>
+<li>Baugh, Alice<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></span></li>
+<li>Beckwith, John<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></span></li>
+<li>Bectom, John C.<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_91">91</a></span></li>
+<li>Bell, Laura<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></span></li>
+<li>Blalock, Emma<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_103">103</a></span></li>
+<li>Blount, David<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_110">110</a></span></li>
+<li>Bobbit, Clay<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_117">117</a></span></li>
+<li>Bobbitt, Henry<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></span></li>
+<li>Bogan, Herndon<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></span></li>
+<li>Boone, Andrew<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></span></li>
+<li>Bost, W. L. <span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_138">138</a></span></li>
+<li>Bowe, Mary Wallace<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_147">147</a></span></li>
+<li>Brown, Lucy<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_152">152</a></span></li>
+<li>Burnett, Midge<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_155">155</a></span></li>
+<li style="list-style: none"><br /> </li>
+<li>Cannady, Fanny<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_159">159</a></span></li>
+<li>Cofer, Betty<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_165">165</a></span></li>
+<li>Coggin, John<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_176">176</a></span></li>
+<li>Coverson, Mandy<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_179">179</a></span></li>
+<li>Cozart, Willie<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_182">182</a></span></li>
+<li>Crasson, Hannah<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_187">187</a></span></li>
+<li>Crenshaw, Julia<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_194">194</a></span></li>
+<li>Crowder, Zeb<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_196">196</a></span></li>
+<li>Crump, Adeline<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_203">203</a></span></li>
+<li>Crump, Bill<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_207">207</a></span></li>
+<li>Crump, Charlie<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_212">212</a></span></li>
+<li>Curtis, Mattie<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_216">216</a></span></li>
+<li style="list-style: none"><br /> </li>
+<li>Dalton, Charles Lee<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_223">223</a></span></li>
+<li>Daniels, John<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_229">229</a></span></li>
+<li>Daves, Harriet Ann<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_232">232</a></span></li>
+<li>Davis, Jerry<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_237">237</a></span></li>
+<li>Debnam, W. S.<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_241">241</a></span></li>
+<li>Debro, Sarah<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_247">247</a></span></li>
+<li>Dickens, Charles W.<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_254">254</a></span></li>
+<li>Dickens, Margaret E.<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_259">259</a></span></li>
+<li>Dowd, Rev. Squire<span class="ralign"><a  href="#Page_263">263</a></span></li>
+<li>Dunn, Fannie<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_270">270</a></span></li>
+<li>Dunn, Jennylin<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_275">275</a></span></li>
+<li>Dunn, Lucy Ann<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_278">278</a></span></li>
+<li>Durham, Tempie Herndon<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_284">284</a></span></li>
+<li style="list-style: none"><br /></li>
+<li>Eatman, George<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_291">291</a></span></li>
+<li>Edwards, Doc<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_295">295</a></span></li>
+<li>Evans, John<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_298">298</a></span></li>
+<li style="list-style: none"><br /></li>
+<li>Faucette, Lindsey<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_302">302</a></span></li>
+<li>Flagg, Ora M.<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_307">307</a></span></li>
+<li>Foster, Analiza<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_311">311</a></span></li>
+<li>Foster, Georgianna<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_314">314</a></span></li>
+<li>Freeman, Frank<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_318">318</a></span></li>
+<li style="list-style: none"><br /></li>
+<li>Gill, Addy<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_323">323</a></span></li>
+<li>Glenn, Robert<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_328">328</a></span></li>
+<li>Green, Sarah Anne<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_340">340</a></span></li>
+<li>Griffeth, Dorcas<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_346">346</a></span></li>
+<li>Gudger, Sarah<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_350">350</a></span></li>
+<li style="list-style: none"><br /></li>
+<li>Hall, Thomas<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_359">359</a></span></li>
+<li>Hamilton, Hecter<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_363">363</a></span></li>
+<li>Harris, George W.<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_370">370</a></span></li>
+<li>Harris, Sarah<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_375">375</a></span></li>
+<li>Hart, Cy<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_379">379</a></span></li>
+<li>Haywood, Alonzo<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_382">382</a></span></li>
+<li>Haywood, Barbara<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_385">385</a></span></li>
+<li>Henderson, Isabell<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_389">389</a></span></li>
+<li>Henry, Essex<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_393">393</a></span></li>
+<li>Henry, Milly <span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_399">399</a></span></li>
+<li>Hews, Chaney<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_405">405</a></span></li>
+<li>High, Joe<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></span></li>
+<li>High, Susan<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_417">417</a></span></li>
+<li>Hill, Kitty<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_422">422</a></span></li>
+<li>Hinton, Jerry<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_427">427</a></span></li>
+<li>Hinton, Martha Adeline<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_433">433</a></span></li>
+<li>Hinton, Robert<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_436">436</a></span></li>
+<li>Hinton, William George<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_441">441</a></span></li>
+<li>Hodges, Eustace<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_446">446</a></span></li>
+<li>Huggins, Alex<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_449">449</a></span></li>
+<li>Hunter, Charlie H.<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_453">453</a></span></li>
+<li>Hunter, Elbert<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_457">457</a></span></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<a name="toi" id="toi"></a>
+<h2><a name="ILLUSTRATIONS" id="ILLUSTRATIONS"></a>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+<ul class="noindent">
+<li><span class="ralign"><u>Facing page</u></span></li>
+<li style="list-style: none"><br /></li>
+<li>Louisa Adams<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></span></li>
+<li>Viney Baker<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_70">70</a></span></li>
+<li>John Beckwith<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></span></li>
+<li>Clay Bobbit<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_117">117</a></span></li>
+<li>Henry Bobbitt<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></span></li>
+<li>Herndon Bogan<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></span></li>
+<li>W. L. Bost<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_138">138</a></span></li>
+<li>John Coggin<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_176">176</a></span></li>
+<li>Hannah Crasson<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_187">187</a></span></li>
+<li>Bill Crump<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_207">207</a></span></li>
+<li>Charlie Crump and Granddaughter<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_212">212</a></span></li>
+<li>Harriet Ann Daves<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_232">232</a></span></li>
+<li>Charles W. Dickens<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_254">254</a></span></li>
+<li>Margaret E. Dickens<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_259">259</a></span></li>
+<li>Rev. Squire Dowd<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_263">263</a></span></li>
+<li>Jennylin Dunn<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_275">275</a></span></li>
+<li>Tempie Herndon Durham<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_284">284</a></span></li>
+<li>George Eatman<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_291">291</a></span></li>
+<li>John Evans<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_298">298</a></span></li>
+<li>Sarah Gudger<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_350">350</a></span></li>
+<li>Sarah Harris<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_375">375</a></span></li>
+<li>Essex Henry<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_393">393</a></span></li>
+<li>Milly Henry<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_399">399</a></span></li>
+<li>Joe High<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></span></li>
+<li>Elbert Hunter<span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_457">457</a></span></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span>
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote">[320152]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Louisa Adams">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1384</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Louisa Adams</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Louisa Adams</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUL 7 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 202px;">
+<img src="images/l_adams.jpg" width="202" height="300" alt="l_adams" title="Louisa Adams" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+
+
+<h4>LOUISA ADAMS</h4>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span>
+
+<p>My name is Louisa Adams. I wuz bawned in Rockingham, Richmond County, North
+Carolina. I wuz eight years old when the Yankees come through. I belonged to
+Marster Tom A. Covington, Sir. My mother wuz named Easter, and my father wuz
+named Jacob. We were all Covingtons. No Sir, I don't know whur my mother and
+father come from. Soloman wuz brother number one, then Luke, Josh, Stephen,
+Asbury. My sisters were Jane, Frances, Wincy, and I wuz nex'. I 'members
+grandmother. She wuz named Lovie Wall. They brought her here from same place. My
+aunts were named, one wuz named Nicey, and one wuz named Jane. I picked feed for
+the white folks. They sent many of the chillun to work at the salt mines, where
+we went to git salt. My brother Soloman wuz sent to the salt mines. Luke looked
+atter the sheep. He knocked down china berries for 'em. Dad and mammie had their
+own gardens and hogs. We were compelled to walk about at night to live. We were
+so hongry we were bound to steal or parish. This trait seems to be handed down
+from slavery days. Sometimes I thinks dis might be so. Our food wuz bad. Marster
+worked us hard and gave us nuthin. We had to use what we made in the garden to
+eat. We also et our hogs. Our clothes were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> bad, and beds were sorry. We went barefooted in a
+way. What I mean by that is, that we had shoes part of the time. We got one pair
+o' shoes a year. When dey wored out we went barefooted. Sometimes we tied them up
+with strings, and they were so ragged de tracks looked like bird tracks, where we
+walked in the road. We lived in log houses daubed with mud. They called 'em the
+slaves houses. My old daddy partly raised his chilluns on game. He caught
+rabbits, coons, an' possums. We would work all day and hunt at night. We had no
+holidays. They did not give us any fun as I know. I could eat anything I could
+git. I tell you de truth, slave time wuz slave time wid us. My brother wore his
+shoes out, and had none all thu winter. His feet cracked open and bled so bad you
+could track him by the blood. When the Yankees come through, he got shoes.</p>
+
+<p>I wuz married in Rockingham. I don't 'member when Mr. Jimmie Covington, a
+preacher, a white man, married us. I married James Adams who lived on a
+plantation near Rockingham. I had a nice blue wedding dress. My husband wuz
+dressed in kinder light clothes, best I rickerlect. It's been a good long time,
+since <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: den tho'">deen.</ins></p>
+
+<p>I sho do 'member my Marster Tom Covington and his wife too, Emma. Da old man
+wuz the very Nick. He would take what
+we made and lowance us, dat is lowance it out to my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> daddy after he had made it. My father
+went to Steven Covington, Marster Tom's brother, and told him about it, and his
+brother Stephen made him gib father his meat back to us.</p>
+
+<p>My missus wuz kind to me, but Mars. Tom wuz the buger. It wuz a mighty bit
+plantation. I don't know how many slaves wuz on it, there were a lot of dem do'.
+Dere were overseers two of 'em. One wuz named Bob Covington and the other Charles
+Covington. They were colored men. I rode with them. I rode wid 'em in the
+carriage sometimes. De carriage had seats dat folded up. Bob wuz overseer in de
+field, and Charles wuz carriage driver. All de plantation wuz fenced in, dat is
+all de fields, wid rails; de rails wuz ten feet long. We drawed water wid a sweep
+and pail. De well wuz in the yard. De mules for the slaves wuz in town, dere were
+none on the plantation. Dey had 'em in town; dey waked us time de chicken crowed,
+and we went to work just as soon as we could see how to make a lick wid a
+hoe.</p>
+
+<p>Lawd, you better not be caught wid a book in yor han'. If you did, you were
+sold. Dey didn't 'low dat. I kin read a little, but I can't write. I went to
+school after slavery and learned to read. We didn't go to school but three or
+four week a year, and learned to read.</p>
+
+<p>Dere wuz no church on the plantation, and we were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> not lowed to have prayer meetings. No
+parties, no candy pullings, nor dances, no sir, not a bit. I 'member goin' one
+time to the white folkses church, no baptizing dat I 'member. Lawd have mercy,
+ha! ha! No. De pateroller were on de place at night. You couldn't travel without
+a pas.</p>
+
+<p>We got few possums. I have greased my daddy's back after he had been whupped
+until his back wuz cut to pieces. He had to work jis the same. When we went to
+our houses at night, we cooked our suppers at night, et and then went to bed. If
+fire wuz out or any work needed doin' around de house we had to work on Sundays.
+They did not gib us Christmas or any other holidays. We had corn shuckings. I
+herd 'em talkin' of cuttin de corn pile right square in two. One wud git on one
+side, another on the other side and see which out beat. They had brandy at the
+corn shuckin' and I herd Sam talkin' about gittin' drunk.</p>
+
+<p>I 'member one 'oman dying. Her name wuz Caroline Covington. I didn't go to the
+grave. But you know they had a little cart used with hosses to carry her to the
+grave, jist a one horse wagon, jist slipped her in there.</p>
+
+<p>Yes, I 'member a field song. It wuz 'Oh! come let us go where pleasure never
+dies. Great fountain gone over'. Dat's one uv 'em. We had a good doctor when we
+got sick. He come<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> to see us. The slaves took herbs dey found in de woods. Dat's what
+I do now, Sir. I got some 'erbs right in my kitchen now.</p>
+
+<p>When the Yankees come through I did not know anything about 'em till they got
+there. Jist like they were poppin up out of de ground. One of the slaves wuz at
+his master's house you know, and he said, 'The Yankees are in Cheraw,
+<ins class = "edcorr" title = "South Carolina"> S. C.</ins> and the Yankees are in town'. It
+didn't sturb me at tall. I wuz not afraid of de Yankees. I 'member dey went to
+Miss Emma's house, and went in de smoke house and emptied every barrel of 'lasses
+right in de floor and scattered de cracklings on de floor. I went dere and got
+some of 'em. Miss Emma wuz my missus. Dey just killed de chickens, hogs too, and
+old Jeff the dog; they shot him through the thoat. I 'member how his mouth flew
+open when dey shot him. One uv 'em went into de tater bank, and we chillun wanted
+to go out dere. Mother wouldn't let us. She wuz fraid uv 'em.</p>
+
+<p>Abraham Lincoln freed us by the help of the Lawd, by his help. Slavery wuz
+owin to who you were with. If you were with some one who wuz good and had some
+feelin's for you it did tolerable well; yea, tolerable well.</p>
+
+<p>We left the plantation soon as de surrender. We lef' right off. We went to
+goin' towards Fayetteville, North Carolina. We climbed over fences and were just
+broke down<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> chillun, feet sore. We had a little meat, corn meal, a tray, and mammy had a tin
+pan. One night we came to a old house; some one had put wheat straw in it. We
+staid there, next mornin', we come back home. Not to Marster's, but to a white
+'oman named Peggy McClinton, on her plantation. We stayed there a long time. De
+Yankees took everything dey could, but dey didn't give us anything to eat. Dey
+give some of de 'omen shoes.</p>
+
+<p>I thinks Mr. Roosevelt is a fine man and he do all he can for us.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320278]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Ida Akins">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 3</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Travis Jordan</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1500</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Title:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ida Adkins Ex-slave</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ida Adkins</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>County Home, Durham, N.C.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 1 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>
+
+<h4>IDA ADKINS</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-slave 79 years.</h5>
+
+<div class="trans-note">
+ <p>TR note: Numerous hand written notations and additions in the following
+ interview (i.e. wuz to was; er to a; adding t to the contractions.) Made
+ changes where obvious without comment. Additions and comments were left as
+ notation only.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>I wuz bawn befo' de war. I wuz about eight years ole when de Yankee mens come
+through.</p>
+
+<p>My mammy an' pappy, Hattie an' Jim Jeffries belonged to Marse Frank Jeffries.
+Marse Frank come from Mississippi, but when I wuz bawn he an' Mis' Mary Jane wuz
+livin' down herr near Louisburg in North Carolina whare dey had er big plantation
+an' <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: I don'">don'</ins>  know how many niggers. Marse
+Frank wuz good to his niggers, 'cept <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: that he">he</ins>
+never give dem ernough to eat. He worked dem hard on half rations, but he didn'
+believe in all de time beatin' an' sellin' dem.</p>
+
+<p>My pappy worked at de stables, he wuz er good horseman, but my mammy worked at
+de big house helpin' Mis' Mary Jane. Mammy worked in de weavin' room. I can see
+her now settin' at de weavin' machine an' hear de pedals goin' plop, plop, as she
+treaded dem wid her feets. She wuz a good weaver. I stayed 'roun' de big house
+too, pickin' up chips, sweepin' de yard an' such as dat. Mis' Mary Jane wuz quick
+as er whippo'-will. She had black eyes dat snapped, an' dey seed everythin'. She
+could turn her head so quick dat she'd ketch you every time you tried to steal a
+lump of sugar. I liked Marse Frank better den I did Mis' Mary Jane. All us little
+chillun called him Big Pappy. Every time he <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: come back">went
+</ins> to Raleigh he brung us niggers back some candy. He went to
+Raleigh erbout twice er year. Raleigh wuz er far ways from de
+plantations&mdash;near 'bout <ins class="edcorr" title="HW notation: check&mdash;appears to be about 40 miles only.">sixty miles.</ins> It always took Marse Frank
+three days to make de trip. A day to go,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> er' day to stay in town, an' a day to come back.
+Den he always got home in de night. Ceptn' <ins class="edcorr" title="HW addition:
+when"> he</ins> rode ho'se back 'stead of de carriage, <ins class="edcorr" title="HW addition:
+an'">den</ins> sometimes he got home by sun down.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Frank didn' go to de war. He wuz too ole. So when de Yankees come
+through dey foun' him at home. When Marse Frank seed de blue coats comin' down de
+road he run an' got his gun. De Yankees was on horses. I ain't never seed so many
+men. Dey was thick as hornets comin' down de road in a cloud of <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction:
+dust">dus'.</ins> Dey come up to de house an' tied de horses
+to de palin's; <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: dey was so many dey was
+stan"> 'roun'</ins> de <ins class="edcorr" title="HW addition: fence"> yard </ins>. When dey
+seed Marse Frank standin' on de <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: porch">po'ch</ins>
+ wid de gun leveled on dem, dey got mad. Time Marse Frank done shot
+<ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: once a">one time</ins> a bully Yankee snatched
+de gun away an' tole Marse Frank to hold up his hand. Den dey tied his hands an'
+pushed him down on de floor 'side de house an' tole him dat if he <ins class="edcorr" title="HW addition:
+a inch">moved</ins> dey would shoot him. Den dey went in de
+house.</p>
+
+<p>I wuz skeered near 'bout to death, but I run in de kitchen an' got a butcher
+knife, an' when de Yankees wasn' lookin', I tried to cut de rope an' set Marse
+Frank free. But one of dem blue debils seed me an' come runnin'. He say:</p>
+
+<p>'Whut you doin', you black brat! you stinkin' little alligator bait!' He
+snatched de knife from my hand an' told me to stick out my tongue, dat he wuz
+gwine to cut it off. I let out a yell an' run behin' de house.</p>
+
+<p>Some of de Yankees was in de smoke house gettin' de meat, some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> of dem wuz at
+de stables gettin' de ho'ses, an' some of dem wuz in de house gettin' de silver
+an' things. I seed dem put de big silver pitcher an' tea pot in a bag. Den dey
+took de knives an' fo'ks an' all de candle sticks an' platters off de side board.
+Dey went in de parlor an' got de gol' clock dat wuz Mis' Mary Jane's
+gran'mammy's. Den dey got all de jewelry out of Mis' Mary Jane's box.</p>
+
+<p>Dey went up to Mis' Mary Jane, an' while she looked at dem wid her black eyes
+snappin', dey took de rings off her fingers; den dey took her gol' bracelet; dey
+even took de ruby ear rings out of her ears an' de gol' comb out of her hair.</p>
+
+<p>I done quit peepin' in de window an' wuz standin' 'side de house when de
+Yankees come out in de yard wid all de stuff dey wuz totin' off. Marse Frank wuz
+still settin' on de <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: porch">po'ch</ins> floor wid
+his han's tied an' couldn' do nothin'. 'Bout dat time I seed de bee gums in de
+side yard. Dey wuz a whole line of gums. Little as I wuz I had a notion. I run
+an' got me a long stick an' tu'ned over every one of dem gums. Den I stirred dem
+bees up wid dat stick <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: 'till">'twell</ins> dey wuz
+so mad I could smell de pizen. An' bees! you ain't never seed de like of bees.
+Dey wuz swarmin' all over de place. Dey sailed into dem Yankees like bullets,
+each one madder den de other. Dey lit on dem ho'ses <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: 'till">'twell</ins> dey
+looked like dey wuz <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: alive">live</ins>
+wid varmints. De ho'ses broke dey bridles an' tore down de palin's an' lit out down de road. But <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: dar">dey</ins>
+ runnin' wuzn' nothin' to what dem Yankees done. Dey bust out cussin',
+but what did a bee keer about cuss words! Dey<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> lit on dem blue coats an' every
+time dey lit dey stuck in a pizen sting. De Yankee's forgot all about de meat an'
+things dey done stole; dey took off down de road on <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: a">er</ins>
+ run, passin' de horses. De bees was right after dem in a
+long line. Dey'd zoom an' zip, an' zoom an' zip, an' every time dey'd zip a
+Yankee would yell.</p>
+
+<p>When dey'd gone Mis' Mary Jane untied Marse Frank. Den dey took all de silver,
+meat an' things de Yankees lef' behin' an' buried it so if dey come back dey
+couldn' fin' it.</p>
+
+<p>Den day called ma an' said:</p>
+
+<p>'Ida Lee, if you hadn't <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: turned">tu'ned</ins>
+over dem bee gums dem Yankees would have toted off near 'bout everythin' fine we
+got. We want to give you somethin' you can keep so' you'll always remember dis
+day, an' how you run de Yankees away.'</p>
+
+<p>Den Mis' Mary Jane took a plain gold ring off her finger an' put it on mine.
+An' I been wearin' it ever since.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="sidenote"> [320276]</div>
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Martha Allen">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>402</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Martha Allen</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 7 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="hw">HW: good short sketch</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
+
+<h5>EX-SLAVE STORY</h5>
+
+<h5>An interview with Martha Allen, 78, of 1318 South Person Street,
+Raleigh.</h5>
+
+<p>I wuz borned in Craven County seventy eight years ago. My pappa wuz named
+Andrew Bryant an' my mammy wuz named Harriet. My brothers wuz John Franklin,
+Alfred, an' Andrew. I ain't had no sisters. I reckon dat we is what yo' call a
+general mixture case I am part Injun, part white, an' part nigger.</p>
+
+<p>My mammy belonged ter Tom Edward Gaskin an' she wuzn't half fed. De cook
+nussed de babies while she cooked, so dat de mammies could wuck in de fiel's, an'
+all de mammies done wuz stick de babies in at de kitchen do' on dere way ter de
+fiel's. I'se hyard mammy say dat dey went ter wuck widout breakfast, an' dat when
+she put her baby in de kitchen she'd go by de slop bucket an' drink de slops from
+a long handled gourd.</p>
+
+<p>De slave driver wuz bad as he could be, an' de slaves got awful beatin's.</p>
+
+<p>De young marster sorta wanted my mammy, but she tells him no, so he chunks a
+lightwood knot an' hits her on de haid wid it. Dese white mens what had babies by
+nigger wimmens wuz called 'Carpet Gitters'. My father's father wuz one o' dem.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Yes mam, I'se mixed plenty case my mammy's grandmaw wuz Cherokee Injun.</p>
+
+<p>I doan know nothin' 'bout no war, case marster carried us ter Cedar Falls,
+near Durham an' dar's whar we come free.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members dat de Ku Klux uster go ter de Free Issues houses, strip all de
+family an' whup de ole folkses. Den dey dances wid de pretty yaller gals an' goes
+ter bed wid dem. Dat's what de Ku Klux wuz, a bunch of mean mens tryin' ter hab a
+good time.</p>
+
+<p>I'se wucked purty hard durin' my life an' I done my courtin' on a steer an'
+cart haulin' wood ter town ter sell. He wuz haulin' wood too on his wagin, an'
+he'd beat me ter town so's dat he could help me off'n de wagin. I reckon dat dat
+wuz as good a way as any.</p>
+
+<p>I tries ter be a good christian but I'se got disgusted wid dese young upstart
+niggers what dances in de chu'ch. Dey says dat dey am truckin' an' dat de Bible
+ain't forbid hit, but I reckin dat I knows dancin' whar I sees hit.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Joseph Anderson">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mrs. Edith S. Hibbs</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>275</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Story of Joseph  Anderson</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Story of Joseph  Anderson</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>113 Rankin St., Wilmington,  N.C.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Edited:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mrs. W. N. Harriss</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<br />
+<p><ins class="mycorr" title="No Reference nor Date Stamp">[HW: Unnumbered]</ins>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+<br />
+<h4>STORY OF JOSEPH ANDERSON</h4>
+
+<h5>1113 Rankin Street Wilmington, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>Yes'm I was born a slave. I belong to Mr. T. C. McIlhenny who had a big rice
+plantation "Eagles Nest" in Brunswick County. It was a big place. He had lots of
+slaves, an' he was a good man. My mother and father died when I was fourteen.
+Father died in February 1865 and my mother died of pneumonia in November 1865. My
+older sister took charge of me.</p>
+
+<p>Interviewer: "Can you read and write?"</p>
+
+<p>Joseph: "Oh yes, I can write a little. I can make my marks. I can write my
+name. No'm I can't read. I never went to school a day in my life. I just "picked
+up" what I know."</p>
+
+<p>I don't remember much about slave times. I was fourteen when I was freed.
+After I was freed we lived between 8th and 9th on Chestnut. We rented a place
+from Dan O'Connor a real estate man and paid him $5 a month rent. I've been
+married twice. First time was married by Mr. Ed Taylor, magistrate in Southport,
+Brunswick County. I was married to my first wife twenty years and eight months.
+Then she died. I was married again when I was seventy-five years old. I was
+married to my second wife just a few years when she died.</p>
+
+<p>I was on the police force for a year and a half. I was elected April 6, 1895.
+Mr. McIlhenny was an ole man then an' I used to go to see him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I was a stevedore for Mr. Alexander Sprunt for sixty years.</p>
+
+<p>Joseph is now buying his house at 1113 Rankin Street. Rents part of it for
+$8.50 a month to pay for it. He stays in one room.</p>
+
+<p><b>NOTE</b>: Joseph's health is none too good, making information sketchy and
+incoherent.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320086]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Mary Anderson">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1905</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>MARY ANDERSON</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary Anderson</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 23 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>MARY ANDERSON</h4>
+
+<h5>86 years of age. 17 Poole Road, R. F. D. #2. Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>My name is Mary Anderson. I was born on a plantation near Franklinton, Wake
+County, N.C. May 10, 1851. I was a slave belonging to Sam Brodie, who owned the
+plantation at this place. My missus' name was Evaline. My father was Alfred
+Brodie and my mother was Bertha Brodie.</p>
+
+<p>We had good food, plenty of warm homemade clothes and comfortable houses. The
+slave houses were called the quarters and the house where marster lived was
+called the great house. Our houses had two rooms each and marster's house had
+twelve rooms. Both the slave and white folks buildings were located in a large
+grove one mile square covered with oak and hickory nut trees. Marster's house was
+exactly one mile from the main Louisburg Road and there was a wide avenue leading
+through the plantation and grove to marster's house. The house fronted the avenue
+east and in going down the avenue from the main road you traveled directly
+west.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The plantation was very large and there were about two hundred acres of
+cleared land that was farmed each year. A pond was located on the place and in
+winter ice was gathered there for summer use and stored in an ice house which was
+built in the grove where the other buildings were. A large hole about ten feet
+deep was dug in the ground; the ice was put in that hole and covered.
+<ins class="mycorr" title="HW Note in left margin is illegible.">[HW: *]</ins></p>
+
+<p>A large frame building was built over it. At the top of the earth there was an
+entrance door and steps leading down to the bottom of the hole. Other things
+besides ice were stored there. There was a still on the plantation and barrels of
+brandy were stored in the ice house, also pickles, preserves and cider.</p>
+
+<p>Many of the things we used were made on the place. There was a grist mill,
+tannery, shoe shop, blacksmith shop, and looms for weaving cloth.</p>
+
+<p>There were about one hundred, and sixty-two slaves on the plantation and every
+Sunday morning all the children had to be bathed, dressed, and their hair combed
+and carried down to marster's for breakfast. It was a rule that all the little
+colored children eat at the great house every Sunday morning in order that
+marster and missus could watch them eat so they could know which ones were sickly
+and have them doctored.</p>
+
+<p>The slave children all carried a mussel shell in their hands to eat with. The
+food was put on large trays and the children all gathered around and ate, dipping
+up their food with their mussel shells which they used for spoons. Those who
+refused to eat or those who were ailing in any way had to come back to the great
+house for their meals and medicine until they were well.</p>
+
+<p>Marster had a large apple orchard in the Tar River low grounds and up on
+higher ground and nearer the plantation house there was on one side of the road a
+large plum orchard and on the other side was an orchard of peaches, cherries,
+quinces and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> grapes. We picked the quinces in August and used them for
+preserving. Marster and missus believed in giving the slaves plenty of fruit,
+especially the children.</p>
+
+<p>Marster had three children, one boy named Dallas, and two girls, Bettie and
+Carrie. He would not allow slave children to call his children marster and missus
+unless the slave said little marster or little missus. He had four white
+overseers but they were not allowed to whip a slave. If there was any whipping to
+be done he always said he would do it. He didn't believe in whipping so when a
+slave got so bad he could not manage him he sold him.</p>
+
+<p>Marster didn't quarrel with anybody, missus would not speak short to a slave,
+but both missus and marster taught slaves to be obedient in a nice quiet way. The
+slaves were taught to take their hats and bonnets off before going into the
+house, and to bow and say, 'Good morning Marster Sam and Missus Evaline'. Some of
+the little negroes would go down to the great house and ask them when it wus
+going to rain, and when marster or missus walked in the grove the little Negroes
+would follow along after them like a gang of kiddies. Some of the slave children
+wanted to stay with them at the great house all the time. They knew no better of
+course and seemed to love marster and missus as much as they did their own mother
+and father. Marster and missus always used gentle means to get the children out
+of their way when they bothered them and the way the children loved and trusted
+them wus a beautiful sight to see.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Patterollers were not allowed on the place unless they came peacefully and I
+never knew of them whipping any slaves on marster's place. Slaves were carried
+off on two horse wagons to be sold. I have seen several loads leave. They were
+the unruly ones. Sometimes he would bring back slaves, once he brought back two
+boys and three girls from the slave market.</p>
+
+<p>Sunday wus a great day on the plantation. Everybody got biscuits Sundays. The
+slave women went down to marsters for their Sunday allowance of flour. All the
+children ate breakfast at the great house and marster and missus gave out fruit
+to all. The slaves looked forward to Sunday as they labored through the week. It
+was a great day. Slaves received good treatment from marster and all his
+family.</p>
+
+<p>We were allowed to have prayer meetings in our homes and we also went to the
+white folks church.</p>
+
+<p>They would not teach any of us to read and write. Books and papers were
+forbidden. Marster's children and the slave children played together. I went
+around with the baby girl Carrie to other plantations visiting. She taught me how
+to talk low and how to act in company. My association with white folks and my
+training while I was a slave is why I talk like white folks.</p>
+
+<p>Bettie Brodie married a Dr. Webb from Boylan, Virginia. Carrie married a Mr.
+Joe Green of Franklin County. He was a big southern planter.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The war was begun and there were stories of fights and freedom. The news went
+from plantation to plantation and while the slaves acted natural and some even
+more polite than usual, they prayed for freedom. Then one day I heard something
+that sounded like thunder and missus and marster began to walk around and act
+queer. The grown slaves were whispering to each other. Sometimes they gathered in
+little gangs in the grove. Next day I heard it again, boom, boom, boom. I went
+and asked missus 'is it going to rain?' She said, 'Mary go to the ice house and
+bring me some pickles and preserves.' I went and got them. She ate a little and
+gave me some. Then she said, 'You run along and play.' In a day or two everybody
+on the plantation seemed to be disturbed and marster and missus were crying.
+Marster ordered all the slaves to come to the great house at nine o'clock. Nobody
+was working and slaves were walking over the grove in every direction. At nine
+o'clock all the slaves gathered at the great house and marster and missus came
+out on the porch and stood side by side. You could hear a pin drap everything was
+so quiet. Then marster said, 'Good morning,' and missus said, 'Good morning,
+children'. They were both crying. Then marster said, 'Men, women and children,
+you are free. You are no longer my slaves. The Yankees will soon be here.'</p>
+
+<p>Marster and missus then went into the house got two large arm chairs put them
+on the porch facing the avenue and sat down side by side and remained there
+watching.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In about an hour there was one of the blackest clouds coming up the avenue
+from the main road. It was the Yankee soldiers, they finally filled the mile long
+avenue reaching from marster's house to the main Louisburg road and spread out
+over the mile square grove. The mounted men dismounted. The footmen stacked their
+shining guns and began to build fires and cook. They called the slaves, saying,
+'Your are free.' Slaves were whooping and laughing and acting like they were
+crazy. Yankee soldiers were shaking hands with the Negroes and calling them Sam,
+Dinah, Sarah and asking them questions. They busted the door to the smoke house
+and got all the hams. They went to the ice-house and got several barrels of
+brandy, and such a time. The Negroes and Yankees were cooking and eating
+together. The Yankees told them to come on and join them, they were free. Marster
+and missus sat on the porch and they were so humble no Yankee bothered anything
+in the great house. The slaves were awfully excited. The Yankees stayed there,
+cooked, eat, drank and played music until about night, then a bugle began to blow
+and you never saw such getting on horses and lining up in your life. In a few
+minutes they began to march, leaving the grove which was soon as silent as a
+grave yard. They took marster's horses and cattle with them and joined the main
+army and camped just across Cypress Creek one and one half miles from my
+marster's place on the Louisburg Road.</p>
+
+<p>When they left the country, lot of the slaves went with them and soon there
+were none of marster's slaves left. They wandered around for a year from place to
+place, fed and working<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> most of the time at some other slave owner's plantation and
+getting more homesick every day.</p>
+
+<p>The second year after the surrender our marster and missus got on their
+carriage and went and looked up all the Negroes they heard of who ever belonged
+to them. Some who went off with the Yankees were never heard of again. When
+marster and missus found any of theirs they would say, 'Well, come on back home.'
+My father and mother, two uncles and their families moved back. Also Lorenza
+Brodie, and John Brodie and their families moved back. Several of the young men
+and women who once belonged to him came back. Some were so glad to get back they
+cried, 'cause fare had been mighty bad part of the time they were rambling around
+and they were hungry. When they got back marster would say, 'Well you have come
+back home have you, and the Negroes would say, 'Yes marster.' Most all spoke of
+them as missus and marster as they did before the surrender, and getting back
+home was the greatest pleasure of all.</p>
+
+<p>We stayed with marster and missus and went to their church, the Maple Springs
+Baptist church, until they died.</p>
+
+<p>Since the surrender I married James Anderson. I had four children, one boy and
+three girls.</p>
+
+<p>I think slavery was a mighty good thing for mother, father, me and the other
+members of the family, and I cannot say anything but good for my old marster and
+missus, but I can only speak for those whose conditions I have known during
+slavery and since. For myself and them, I will say again, slavery was a mighty
+good thing.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320280]</div> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Cornelia Andrews">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>789</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Cornelia Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Cornelia Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 7 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>
+
+<h4>CORNELIA ANDREWS</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview on May 21, 1937 with Cornelia Andrews of Smithfield, Johnston
+County, who is 87 years old.</h5>
+
+<p>De fust marster dat I 'members wuz Mr. Cute Williams an' he wuz a good
+marster, but me an' my mammy an' some of de rest of 'em wuz sold to Doctor McKay
+Vaden who wuz not good ter us.</p>
+
+<p>Doctor Vaden owned a good-sized plantation, but he had just eight slaves. We
+had plank houses, but we ain't had much food an' clothes. We wored shoes wid
+wooden bottom in de winter an' no shoes in de summer. We ain't had much fun,
+nothin' but candy pullin's 'bout onct a year. We ain't raised no cane but marster
+buyed one barrel of 'lasses fer candy eber year.</p>
+
+<p>Yo' know dat dar wuz a big slave market in Smithfield dem days, dar wuz also a
+jail, an' a whippin' post. I 'members a man named Rough somethin' or other, what
+bought forty er fifty slaves at de time an' carried 'em ter Richmond to re-sell.
+He had four big black horses hooked ter a cart, an' behind dis cart he chained de
+slaves, an' dey had ter walk, or trot all de way ter Richmond. De little ones Mr.
+Rough would throw up in de cart an' off<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> dey'd go no'th. Dey said dat der wuz one day at
+Smithfield dat three hundret slaves wuz sold on de block. Dey said dat peoples
+came from fer an' near, eben from New Orleans ter dem slave sales. Dey said dat
+way 'fore I wuz borned dey uster strip dem niggers start naked an' gallop' em
+ober de square so dat de buyers could see dat dey warn't scarred nor
+deformed.</p>
+
+<p>While I could 'member dey'd sell de mammies 'way from de babies, an' dere
+wuzn't no cryin' 'bout it whar de marster would know 'bout it nother. Why? Well,
+dey'd git beat black an' blue, dat's why.</p>
+
+<p>Wuz I eber beat bad? No mam, I wuzn't.</p>
+
+<p>(Here the daughter, a graduate of Cornell University, who was in the room
+listening came forward. "Open your shirt, mammy, and let the lady judge for
+herself." The old ladies eyes flashed as she sat bolt upright. She seemed
+ashamed, but the daughter took the shirt off, exposing the back and shoulders
+which were marked as though branded with a plaited cowhide whip. There was no
+doubt of that at all.)</p>
+
+<p>"I wuz whupped public," she said tonelessly, "for breaking dishes an' 'bein'
+slow. I wuz at Mis' Carrington's den, an' it wuz jist 'fore de close o' de war. I
+wuz in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> de
+kitchen washin' dishes an' I draps one. De missus calls Mr. Blount King, a
+patteroller, an' he puts de whuppin' yo' sees de marks of on me. My ole missus
+foun' it out an' she comed an' got me."</p>
+
+<p>A friend of the interviewer who was present remarked, "That must have been
+horrible to say the least."</p>
+
+<p>"Yo' 'doan know nothin," the old Negro blazed. "Alex Heath, a slave wuz beat
+ter death, hyar in Smithfield. He had stold something, dey tells me, anyhow he
+wuz sentenced ter be put ter death, an' de folkses dar in charge 'cided ter beat
+him ter death. Dey gib him a hundret lashes fer nine mornin's an' on de ninth
+mornin' he died."</p>
+
+<p>"My uncle Daniel Sanders, wuz beat till he wuz cut inter gashes an' he wuz tu
+be beat ter death lak Alex wuz, but one day atter dey had beat him an' throwed
+him back in jail wid out a shirt he broke out an' runned away. He went doun in de
+riber swamp an' de blow flies blowed de gashes an' he wuz unconscious when a
+white man found him an' tuk him home wid him. He died two or three months atter
+dat but he neber could git his body straight ner walk widout a stick; he jist
+could drag."</p>
+
+<p>"I 'specks dat I doan know who my pappy wuz, maybe de stock nigger on de
+plantation. My pappy an' mammy jist<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> stepped ober de broom an' course I doan know
+when. Yo' knows dey ain't let no little runty nigger have no chilluns. Naw sir,
+dey ain't, dey operate on dem lak dey does de male hog so's dat dey can't have no
+little runty chilluns."</p>
+
+<p>"Some of de marsters wuz good an' some of dem wuz bad. I wuz glad ter be free
+an' I lef' der minute I finds out dat I is free. I ain't got no kick a-comin' not
+none at all. Some of de white folkses wuz slaves, ter git ter de United States
+an' we niggers ain't no better, I reckons."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320026]</div><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="MARY ANNGADY">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>22,289</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>A SLAVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>(Princess Quango Hennadonah  Perceriah).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Reference:</b></td><td align='left'><b>MARY ANNGADY</b></td><td><span
+ class="hw">HW: 80 years</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>George L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"OCT 25 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<h4>MARY ANNGADY</h4>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>
+
+<h5>(Princess Quango Hennadonah Perceriah) 1110 Oakwood Avenue, Raleigh, North
+Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>I was eighteen years old in 1875 but I wanted to get married so I gave my age
+as nineteen. I wish I could recall some of the ole days when I was with my missus
+in Orange County, playing with my brothers and other slave children.</p>
+
+<p>I was owned by Mr. Franklin Davis and my madam was Mrs. Bettie Davis. I and my
+brother used to scratch her feet and rub them for her; you know how old folks
+like to have their feet rubbed. My brother and I used to scrap over who should
+scratch and rub her feet. She would laugh and tell us not to do that way that she
+loved us both. Sometimes she let me sleep at her feet at night. She was plenty
+good to all of the slaves. Her daughter Sallie taught me my A B C's in Webster's
+Blue Back spelling Book. When I learned to Spell B-a-k-e-r, Baker, I thought that
+was something. The next word I felt proud to spell was s-h-a-d-y, shady, the next
+l-a-d-y, lady. I would spell them out loud as I picked up chips in the yard to
+build a fire with. My missus Bettie gave me a blue back spelling book.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>My father was named James Mason, and he belonged to James Mason of Chapel
+Hill. Mother and I and my four brothers belonged to the same man and we also
+lived in the town. I never lived on a farm or plantation in my life. I know
+nothing about farming. All my people are dead and I cannot locate any of
+marster's family if they are living. Marster's family consisted of two boys and
+two girls&mdash;Willie, Frank, Lucy and Sallie. Marster was a merchant, selling
+general merchandise. I remember eating a lot of brown sugar and candy at his
+store.</p>
+
+<p>My mother was a cook. They allowed us a lot of privileges and it was just one
+large happy family with plenty to eat and wear, good sleeping places and nothing
+to worry about. They were of the Presbyterian faith and we slaves attended Sunday
+school and services at their church. There were about twelve slaves on the lot.
+The houses for slaves were built just a little ways back from marster's house on
+the same lot. The Negro and white children played together, and there was little
+if any difference made in the treatment given a slave child and a white child. I
+have religious books they gave me. Besides the books they taught me, they drilled
+me in etiquette of the times and also in courtesy and respect to my superiors
+until it became a habit and it was perfectly natural for me to be polite.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The first I knew of the Yankees was when I was out in my marster's yard
+picking up chips and they came along, took my little brother and put him on a
+horse's back and carried him up town. I ran and told my mother about it. They
+rode brother over the town a while, having fun out of him, then they brought him
+back. Brother said he had a good ride and was pleased with the blue jackets as
+the Yankee soldiers were called.</p>
+
+<p>We had all the silver and valuables hid and the Yankees did not find them, but
+they went into marster's store and took what they wanted. They gave my father a
+box of hardtack and a lot of meat. Father was a Christian and he quoted one of
+the Commandments when they gave him things they had stolen from others. 'Thou
+shalt not steal', quoth he, and he said he did not appreciate having stolen goods
+given to him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I traveled with the white folks in both sections of the country, north and
+south, after the <span class="u">War Between the States.</span> I kept traveling
+with them and also continued my education. They taught me to recite and I made
+money by reciting on many of the trips. Since the surrender I have traveled in
+the north for various Charitable Negro Societies and Institutions and people
+seemed very much interested in the recitation I recited called "When Malinda
+Sings".</p>
+
+<p>The first school I attended was after the war closed. The school was located
+in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and was taught by a Yankee white woman from
+Philadelphia. We remained in Chapel Hill only a few years after the war ended
+when we all moved to Raleigh, and I have made it my home ever since. I got the
+major part of my education in Raleigh under Dr. H. M. Tupper<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1"
+class="fnanchor">[1]</a> who taught in the second Baptist Church, located on
+Blount Street. Miss Mary Lathrop, a colored teacher from Philadelphia, was an
+assistant teacher in Dr. Tupper's School. I went from there to Shaw Collegiate
+Institute, which is now Shaw University.</p>
+
+<p>I married Aaron Stallings of Warrenton, North Carolina while at Shaw. He died
+and I married Rev. Matthews Anngady of Monrovia, west coast of Africa, Liberia,
+Pastor of First Church. I helped him in his work here, kept studying the works of
+different authors, and lecturing and reciting. My husband, the Rev. Matthews
+Anngady died, and I gave a lot of my time to the cause of Charity, and while on a
+lecture tour of Massachusetts in the interest of this feature of colored welfare
+for Richmond, Va., the most colorful incident of my eventful life happened when I
+met Quango Hennadonah Perceriah, an Abyssinian Prince, who was traveling and
+lecturing on the customs of his country and the habits of its people. Our mutual
+interests caused our friendship to ripen fast and when the time of parting came,
+when each<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>
+of us had finished our work in Massachusetts, he going back to his home in New
+York City and I returning to Richmond, he asked me to correspond with him. I
+promised to do so and our friendship after a year's correspondence became love
+and he proposed and I accepted him. We were married in Raleigh by Rev. J. J.
+Worlds, pastor of the First Baptist Church, colored.</p>
+
+<p>P. T. Barnum had captured my husband when he was a boy and brought him to
+America from Abyssinia, educated him and then sent him back to his native
+country. He would not stay and soon he was in America again. He was of the
+Catholic faith in America and they conferred the honor of priesthood upon him but
+after he married me this priesthood was taken away and he joined the Episcopal
+Church. After we were married we decided to go on an extensive lecture tour. He
+had been a headsman in his own country and a prince. We took the customs of his
+people and his experiences as the subject of our lectures. I could sing, play the
+guitar, violin and piano, but I did not know his native language. He began to
+teach me and as soon as I could sing the song <span class="u">How Firm A
+Foundation</span> in his language which went this way:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ngama i-bata, Njami buyek<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Wema Wemeta, Negana i<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">bukek diol, di Njami,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">i-diol de Kak<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Annimix, Annimix hanci<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Bata ba Satana i-bu butete<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Bata ba Npjami i bunanan<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Bata be satana ba laba i wa&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Bata ba Njami ba laba Munonga<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>We traveled and lectured in both the north and the south and our life, while
+we had to work hard, was one of happiness and contentment. I traveled and
+lectured as the Princess Quango Hennadonah Perceriah, wife of the Abyssinian
+Prince. I often recited the recitation written by the colored poet, Paul Lawrence
+Dunbar <span class="u">When Malinda Sings</span> to the delight of our
+audiences.</p>
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The following incidents of African life were related to me by my husband
+Quango Hennadonah Perceriah and they were also given in his lectures on African
+customs while touring the United States.</p>
+
+<p>The religion of the Bakuba tribe of Abyssinia was almost wholly Pagan as the
+natives believed fully in witchcraft, sorcery, myths and superstitions. The witch
+doctor held absolute sway over the members of the tribe and when his reputation
+as a giver of rain, bountiful crops or success in the chase was at stake the
+tribes were called together and those accused by the witch doctor of being
+responsible for these conditions through witchery were condemned and speedily
+executed.</p>
+
+<p>The people were called together by the beating of drums. The witch doctor,
+dressed in the most hellish garb imaginable with his body painted and poisonous
+snake bone necklaces dangling from his neck and the claws of ferocious beasts,
+lions, leopards and the teeth of vicious man-eating crocodiles finishing up his
+adornment, sat in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> the middle of a court surrounded by the members of the tribe. In
+his hand he carried a gourd which contained beads, shot, or small stones. He
+began his incantations by rattling the contents of the gourd, shouting and making
+many weird wails and peculiar contortions. After this had gone on for sometime
+until he was near exhaustion his face assumed the expression of one in great pain
+and this was the beginning of the end for some poor ignorant savage. He squirmed
+and turned in different directions with his eyes fixed with a set stare as if in
+expectancy when suddenly his gaze would be fixed on some member of the tribe and
+his finger pointed directly at him. The victim was at once seized and bound, the
+doctor's gaze never leaving him until this was done. If one victim appeased his
+nervous fervor the trial was over but if his wrought-up feelings desired more his
+screechings continued until a second victim was secured. He had these men put to
+death to justify himself in the eyes of the natives of his tribe for his failing
+to bring rain, bountiful crops and success to the tribe.</p>
+
+<p>The witch doctor who sat as judge seemed to have perfect control over the
+savages minds and no one questioned his decisions. The persons were reconciled to
+their fate and were led away to execution while they moaned and bade their
+friends goodbye in the doleful savage style. Sometimes they were put on a boat,
+taken out into the middle of a river and there cut to pieces with blades of grass,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
+their limbs being dismembered first and thrown into the river to the crocodiles.
+A drink containing an opiate was generally given the victim to deaden the pain
+but often this formality was dispensed with. The victims were often cut to pieces
+at the place of trial with knives and their limbs thrown out to the vultures that
+almost continuously hover 'round the huts and kraals of the savage tribes of
+Africa.</p>
+
+<p>In some instances condemned persons were burned at the stake. This form of
+execution is meted out at some of the religious dances or festivities to some of
+their pagan gods to atone and drive away the evil spirits that have caused
+pestilences to come upon the people. The victims at these times are tortured in
+truly savage fashion, being burned to death by degrees while the other members of
+the tribe dance around and go wild with religious fervor calling to their gods
+while the victim screeches with pain in his slowly approaching death throes.
+Young girls, women, boys and men are often accused of witchcraft. One method they
+used of telling whether the victim accused was innocent or guilty was to give
+them a liquid poison made from the juice of several poisonous plants. If they
+could drink it and live they were innocent, if they died they were guilty. In
+most cases death was almost instantaneous. Some vomited the poison from their
+stomachs and lived.</p>
+
+<p>The Bakubas sometimes resorted to cannibalism and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> my husband told me of a Bakuba
+girl who ate her own mother. Once a snake bit a man and he at once called the
+witch doctor. The snake was a poisonous one and the man bitten was in great pain.
+The witch doctor whooped and went through several chants but the man got worse
+instead of better. The witch doctor then told the man that his wife made the
+snake bite him by witchery and that she should die for the act. The natives
+gathered at once in response to the witch doctor's call and the woman was
+executed at once. The man bitten by the snake finally died but the witch doctor
+had shifted the responsibility of his failure to help the man to his wife who had
+been beheaded. The witch doctor had justified himself and the incident was
+closed.</p>
+
+<p>The tribe ruled by a King has two or more absolute rules. The Kings word is
+law and he has the power to condemn any subject to death at any time without
+trial. If he becomes angry or offended with any of his wives a nod and a word to
+his bodyguard and the woman is led away to execution. Any person of the tribe is
+subject to the King's will with the exemption of the witch doctor. Executions of
+a different nature than the ones described above are common occurrences. For
+general crimes the culprit after being condemned to death is placed in a chair
+shaped very much like the electric chairs used in American prisons in taking the
+lives of the condemned. He is then tied firmly to the chair with thongs. A pole<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> made
+of a green sapling is firmly implanted in the earth nearby. A thong is placed
+around the neck of the victim under the chin. The sapling is then bent over and
+the other end of the thong tied to the end of the sapling pole. The pole
+stretches the neck to its full length and holds the head erect. Drums are
+sometimes beaten to drown the cries of those who are to be killed. The
+executioner who is called a headsman then walks forward approaching the chair
+from the rear. When he reaches it he steps to the side of the victim and with a
+large, sharp, long-bladed knife lops off the head of the criminal. The bodies of
+men executed in this manner are buried in shallow holes dug about two feet deep
+to receive their bodies.</p>
+
+<p>The rank and file of the savage tribes believe
+<ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: implicitly">explicitly</ins> in the supernatural powers of the witch doctor and
+his decisions are not questioned. Not even the King of the tribe raises a voice
+against him. The witch doctor is crafty enough not to condemn any of the King's
+household or any one directly prominent in the King's service. After an execution
+everything is quiet in a few hours and the incident seems forgotten. The African
+Negroes attitude towards the whole affair seems to be instinctive and as long as
+he escapes he does not show any particular concern in his fellowman. His is of an
+animal instinctive nature.</p>
+
+<p>The males of the African tribes of savages have very little respect for a
+woman but they demand a whole lot of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> courtesies from their wives, beating them
+unmercifully when they feel proper respect has not been shown them. The men hunt
+game and make war on other tribes and the women do all the work. A savage warrior
+when not engaged in hunting or war, sleeps a lot and smokes almost continuously
+during his waking hours. Girls are bought from their parents while mere children
+by the payment of so many cows, goats, etc. The King can take any woman of the
+tribe whether married or single he desires to be his wife. The parents of young
+girls taken to wife by the King of a tribe feel honored and fall on their knees
+and thank the King for taking her.</p>
+
+<p>The prince of a tribe is born a headsman and as soon as he is able to wield a
+knife he is called upon to perform the duty of cutting off the heads of criminals
+who are condemned to death by the King for general crimes. Those condemned by the
+witch doctor for witchcraft are executed by dismemberment or fire as described
+above.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>My husband was a cannibal headsman and performed this duty of cutting off
+persons heads when a boy and after being civilized in America this feature of his
+early life bore so heavily upon his mind that it was instrumental in driving him
+insane. By custom a prince was born a headsman and it was compulsory that he
+execute criminals. He died in an insane ward of the New Jersey State
+Hospital.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+ <p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span
+ class="label">[1]</span></a> <b>Handwritten Footnote:</b> Dr. Henry M. Tupper, a Union
+ Army chaplain, who helped to start Shaw University in 1865.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320126]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Jane  Arrington">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1051</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>JANE ARRINGTON</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Jane  Arrington</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Geo. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 4 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>JANE ARRINGTON</h4>
+
+<h5>84 years old 302 Fowle Street Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>I ort to be able to tell sumpin cause I wus twelve years old when dey had de
+surrender right up here in Raleigh. If I live to see dis coming December I will
+be eighty five years old. I was born on the 18th of December 1852.</p>
+
+<p>I belonged to Jackson May of Nash County. I wus born on de plantation near Tar
+River. Jackson May never married until I wus of a great big girl. He owned a lot
+of slaves; dere were eighty on de plantation before de surrender. He married Miss
+Becky Wilder, sister of Sam Wilder. De Wilders lived on a jining plantation to
+where I wus borned.</p>
+
+<p>Jackson May had so many niggers he let Billy Williams who had a plantation
+nearby have part of 'em. Marster Jackson he raised my father and bought my
+mother. My mother wus named Louisa May, and my father wus named Louis May. My
+mother had six chilluns, four boys and two girls. The boys were Richard, Farro,
+Caeser, and Fenner. De girls Rose and Jane. Jane, dats me.</p>
+
+<p>We lived in log houses with stick an' dirt chimleys. They called 'em the slave
+houses. We had chicken feather<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> beds to sleep on an' de houses wus good warm
+comfortable log houses. We had plenty of cover an' feather pillows.</p>
+
+<p>My grandmother on my mother's side told me a lot of stories 'bout haints and
+how people run from 'em. Dey told me 'bout slaves dat had been killed by dere
+marster's coming back and worryin' 'em. Ole Missus Penny Williams, before Jackson
+May bought mother, treated some of de slaves mighty bad. She died an' den come
+back an' nearly scared de slaves to death. Grandmother told all we chillun she
+seed her an' knowed her after she been dead an' come back.</p>
+
+<p>John May a slave wus beat to death by Bill Stone an' Oliver May. Oliver May
+wus Junius May's son. Junius May wus Jackson May's Uncle. John May come back an'
+wurried both of 'em. Dey could hardly sleep arter dat. Dey said dey could hear
+him hollerin' an' groanin' most all de time. Dese white men would groan in dere
+sleep an' tell John to go away. Dey would say, 'Go way John, please go away'. De
+other slaves wus afraid of 'em cause de ghost of John wurried 'em so bad.</p>
+
+<p>I wurked on de farm, cuttin' corn stalks and tendin' to cattle in slavery
+time. Sometimes I swept de yards. I never got any money for my work and we didn't
+have any patches. My brothers caught possums, coons and sich things an' we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> cooked 'em in
+our houses. We had no parties but we had quiltin's. We went to the white folks
+church, Peach Tree Church, six miles from de plantation an' Poplar Springs Church
+seven miles away. Both were missionary Baptist Churches.</p>
+
+<p>There were no overseers on Jackson May's plantation. He wouldn't have nary
+one. Billy Williams didn't have none. Dey had colored slave foremen.</p>
+
+<p>After wurkin' all day dere wus a task of cotton to be picked an' spun by 'em.
+Dis wus two onces of cotton. Some of de slaves run away from Bill Williams when
+Marster Jackson May let him have 'em to work. Dey run away an' come home. Aunt
+Chaney runned away an' mother run away. Marster Jackson May kept 'em hid cause he
+say dey wus not treated right. He wouldn't let 'em have 'em back no more.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I never saw a grown slave whupped or in chains and I never saw a slave sold.
+Jackson May would not sell a slave. He didn't think it right. He kept 'em
+together. He had eighty head. He would let other white people have 'em to wurk
+for 'em sometimes, but he would not sell none of 'em.</p>
+
+<p>If dey caught a slave wid a book you knowed it meant a whuppin', but de white
+chillun teached slaves secretey sometimes. Ole man Jake Rice a slave who belonged
+to John Rice in Nash County wus teached by ole John Rice's son till he had a
+purty good mount of larnin'.</p>
+
+<p>We did not have prayer meeting at marster's plantation or anywhur. Marster
+would not allow dat.</p>
+
+<p>When I wus a child we played de games of three handed reels, 'Old Gray Goose',
+'All Little Gal, All Little Gal, All Little Gal remember me'. We took hold of
+hands an' run round as we sang dis song.</p>
+
+<p>We sang 'Old Dan Tucker'. Git outen de way, ole Dan Tucker, Sixteen Hosses in
+one stable, one jumped out an' skined his nable an' so on.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Mann and Dr. Sid Harris and Dr. Fee Mann and Dr. Mathias looked arter us
+when we wus sick. Mother and de other grown folks raised herbs dat dey give us
+too. Chillun took a lot of salts.</p>
+
+<p>Jackson May wus too rich to go to de war. Billy Williams didn't go, too rich
+too, I reckons. I remember when dey said niggers had to be free. De papers said
+if dey could not be freedom by good men dere would be freedom by blood. Dey
+fighted an' kept on fightin' a long time.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> Den de Yankees come.</p>
+
+<p><ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: New paragraph">I heard</ins> dem beat de drum.
+Marster tole us we wus free but mother an' father stayed on with Marster. He
+promised 'em sumptin, but he give 'em nothin'. When de crop wus housed dey
+left.</p>
+
+<p>Father and mother went to Hench Stallings plantation and stayed there one
+year. Then they went to Jim Webbs farm. I don't remember how long they stayed
+there but round two years. They moved about an' about among the white folks till
+they died. They never owned any property. They been dead 'bout thirty years.</p>
+
+<p>I married Sidney Arrington. He has been dead six years las' September.</p>
+
+<p>I am unable to do any kind of work. My arm is mighty weak.</p>
+
+<p>I know slavery wus a bad thing. I don't have to think anything about it.
+Abraham Lincoln wus the first of us bein' free, I think he wus a man of God. I
+think Roosevelt is all right man. I belongs to the Pentecostal Holiness
+Church.</p>
+
+<p><small>AC</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320031]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Sarah Louise Augustus">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1426</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Sarah Louise Augustus</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Source:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Sarah Louise Augustus</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>George L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>SARAH LOUISE AUGUSTUS</h4>
+
+<h5>Age 80 years 1424 Lane Street Raleigh, North Carolina</h5>
+
+<p>I wus born on a plantation near Fayetteville, N.C., and I belonged to J. B.
+Smith. His wife wus named Henrietta. He owned about thirty slaves. When a slave
+was no good he wus put on the auction block in Fayetteville and sold.</p>
+
+<p>My father wus named Romeo Harden and my mother wus named Alice Smith. The
+little cabin where I wus born is still standing.</p>
+
+<p>There wus seven children in marster's family, four girls and two boys. The
+girls wus named Ellen, Ida, Mary and Elizabeth. The boys wus named Harry, Norman
+and Marse George. Marse George went to the war. Mother had a family of four
+girls. Their names wus: Mary, Kate, Hannah and myself, Sarah Louise. I am the
+only one living and I would not be living but I have spent most of my life in
+white folk's houses and they have looked after me. I respected myself and they
+respected me.</p>
+
+<p>My first days of slavery wus hard. I slept on a pallet on the floor of the
+cabin and just as soon as I wus<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> able to work any at all I wus put to milking
+cows.</p>
+
+<p>I have seen the paterollers hunting men and have seen men they had whipped.
+The slave block stood in the center of the street, Fayetteville Street, where
+Ramsey and Gillespie Street came in near Cool Springs Street. The silk mill stood
+just below the slave market. I saw the silkworms that made the silk and saw them
+gather the cocoons and spin the silk.</p>
+
+<p>They hung people in the middle of Ramsey Street. They put up a gallows and
+hung the men exactly at 12 o'clock.</p>
+
+<p>I ran away from the plantation once to go with some white children to see a
+man hung.</p>
+
+<p>The only boats I remember on the Cape Fear wus the Governor Worth, The Hurt,
+The Iser and The North State. Oh! Lord yes, I remember the stage coach. As many
+times as I run to carry the mail to them when they come by! They blew a horn
+before they got there and you had to be on time 'cause they could not wait. There
+wus a stage each way each day, one up and one down.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. George Lander had the first Tombstone Marble yard in Fayetteville on Hay
+Street on the point of Flat Iron place. Lander wus from Scotland. They gave me a pot,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> a
+scarf, and his sister gave me some shells. I have all the things they gave me. My
+missus, Henrietta Smith, wus Mr. Lander's sister. I waited on the Landers part of
+the time. They were hard working white folks, honest, God fearing people. The
+things they gave me were brought from over the sea.</p>
+
+<p>I can remember when there wus no hospital in Fayetteville. There wus a little
+place near the depot where there wus a board shanty where they operated on
+people. I stood outside once and saw the doctors take a man's leg off. Dr.
+McDuffy wus the man who took the leg off. He lived on Hay Street near the Silk
+Mill.</p>
+
+<p>When one of the white folks died they sent slaves around to the homes of their
+friends and neighbors with a large sheet of paper with a piece of black crepe
+pinned to the top of it. The friends would sign or make a cross mark on it. The
+funerals were held at the homes and friends and neighbors stood on the porch and
+in the house while the services were going on. The bodies were carried to the
+grave after the services in a black hearse drawn by black horses. If they did not
+have black horses to draw the hearse they went off and borrowed them. The colored
+people<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> washed and shrouded the dead bodies. My grandmother wus one who did this. Her
+name wus Sarah McDonald. She belonged to Capt. George McDonald. She had fifteen
+children and lived to be one hundred and ten years old. She died in Fayetteville
+of pneumonia. She wus in Raleigh nursing the Briggs family, Mrs. F. H. Briggs'
+family. She wus going home to Fayetteville when she wus caught in a rain storm at
+Sanford, while changing trains. The train for Fayetteville had left as the train
+for Sanford wus late so she stayed wet all night. Next day she went home, took
+pneumonia and died. She wus great on curing rheumatism; she did it with herbs.
+She grew hops and other herbs and cured many people of this disease.</p>
+
+<p>She wus called black mammy because she wet nursed so many white children. In
+slavery time she nursed all babies hatched on her marster's plantation and kept
+it up after the war as long as she had children.</p>
+
+<p>Grandfather wus named Isaac Fuller. Mrs. Mary Ann Fuller, Kate Fuller, Mr.
+Will Fuller, who wus a lawyer in Wall Street, New York, is some of their white
+folks. The Fullers were born in Fayetteville. One of the slaves, Dick McAlister,
+worked, saved a small fortune and left it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> to Mr. Will Fuller. People thought the slave
+ought to have left it to his sister but he left it to Mr. Will. Mr. Fuller gives
+part of it to the ex-slaves sister each year. Mr. Will always helped the Negroes
+out when he could. He was good to Dick and Dick McAlister gave him all his
+belongings when he died.</p>
+
+<p>The Yankees came through Fayetteville wearing large blue coats with capes on
+them. Lots of them were mounted, and there were thousands of foot soldiers. It
+took them several days to get through town. The Southern soldiers retreated and
+then in a few hours the Yankees covered the town. They busted into the smokehouse
+at marstar's, took the meat, meal and other provisions. Grandmother pled with the
+Yankees but it did no good. They took all they wanted. They said if they had to
+come again they would take the babies from the cradles. They told us we were all
+free. The Negroes begun visiting each other in the cabins and became so excited
+they began to shout and pray. I thought they were all crazy.</p>
+
+<p>We stayed right on with marster. He had a town house and a big house on the
+plantation. I went to the town house to work, but mother and grandmother stayed
+on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> the plantation. My mother died there and the white folks buried her. Father stayed
+right on and helped run the farm until he died. My uncle, Elic Smith, and his
+family stayed too. Grandfather and grandmother after a few years left the
+plantation and went to live on a little place which Mrs. Mary Ann Fuller gave
+them. Grandmother and grandfather died there.</p>
+
+<p>I wus thirty years old when I married. I wus married in my missus' graduating
+dress. I wus married in the white folks' church, to James Henry Harris. The white
+folks carried me there and gave me away. Miss Mary Smith gave me away. The
+wedding wus attended mostly by white folks.</p>
+
+<p>My husband wus a fireman on the Cape Fear river boats and a white man's Negro
+too. We had two children, both died while little. My husband and I spent much of
+our time with the white folks and when he wus on his runs I slept in their homes.
+Often the children of the white families slept with me. We both tried to live up
+to the standards of decency and honesty and to be worthy of the confidence placed
+in us by our white folks.</p>
+
+<p>My husband wus finally offered a job with a shipping concern in Deleware and
+we moved there. He wus fireman on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> the freighter Wilmington. He worked there three
+years, when he wus drowned. After his death I married David Augustus and
+immediately came back to North Carolina and my white folks, and we have been here
+ever since. I am a member of several Negro Lodges and am on the Committee for the
+North Carolina Colored State Fair.</p>
+
+<p>There are only a few of the old white folks who have always been good to me
+living now, but I am still working with their offspring, among whom I have some
+mighty dear friends. I wus about eight years old when Sherman's Army came
+through. Guess I am about eighty years of age now.</p>
+
+<p><small>AC</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320261]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Charity Austin">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>908</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>A Slave Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Charity Austin</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 26 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>CHARITY AUSTIN</h4>
+
+<h5>507 South Bloodworth Street, Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>I wus borned in the year 1852, July 27. I wus born in Granville County, sold
+to a slave speculator at ten years old and carried to Southwest, Georgia. I
+belonged to Samuel Howard. His daughter took me to Kinston, North Carolina and I
+stayed there until I wus sold. She married a man named Bill Brown, and her name
+wus Julia Howard Brown. My father wus named Paul Howard and my mother wus named
+Chollie Howard. My old missus wus named Polly Howard.</p>
+
+<p>John Richard Keine from Danville, Virginia bought me and sent me to a
+plantation in Georgia. We only had a white overseer there. He and his wife and
+children lived on the plantation. We had slave quarters there. Slaves were bought
+up and sent there in chains. Some were chained to each other by the legs, some by
+the arms. They called the leg chains shackles. I have lived a hard life. I have
+seen mothers sold away from their babies and other children, and they cryin' when
+she left. I have seen husbands sold from their wives, and wives sold from their
+husbands.</p>
+
+<p>Abraham Lincoln came through once, but none of us knew who he wus. He wus just
+the raggedest man you ever saw.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> The white children and me saw him out at the
+railroad. We were settin' and waitin' to see him. He said he wus huntin' his
+people; and dat he had lost all he had. Dey give him somethin' to eat and tobacco
+to chew, and he went on. Soon we heard he wus in de White House then we knew who
+it wus come through. We knowed den it wus Abraham Lincoln.</p>
+
+<p>We children stole eggs and sold 'em durin' slavery. Some of de white men
+bought 'em. They were Irishmen and they would not tell on us. Their names were
+Mulligan, Flanagan and Dugan. They wore good clothes and were funny mens. They
+called guns flutes.</p>
+
+<p>Boss tole us Abraham Lincoln wus dead and we were still slaves. Our boss man
+bought black cloth and made us wear it for mourning for Abraham Lincoln and tole
+us that there would not be freedom. We stayed there another year after freedom. A
+lot o' de niggers knowed nothin' 'cept what missus and marster tole us. What dey
+said wus just de same as de Lawd had spoken to us.</p>
+
+<p>Just after de surrender a nigger woman who wus bad, wus choppin' cotton at out
+plantation in Georgie. John Woodfox wus de main overseer and his son-in-law wus a
+overseer. Dey had a colored man who dey called a nigger driver. De nigger driver
+tole de overseer de woman wus bad. De overseer came to her, snatched de hoe from
+her and hit her. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> blow killed her. He was reported to de Freedman's Bureau. Dey
+came, whupped de overseer and put him in jail. Dey decided not to kill him, but
+made him furnish de children of de dead woman so much to live on. Dere wus a
+hundred or more niggers in de field when this murder happened.</p>
+
+<p>We finally found out we were free and left. Dey let me stay with Miss Julia
+Brown. I was hired to her. She lived in Dooley County, Georgia. I next worked
+with Mrs. Dunbar after staying with Mrs. Brown four years. Her name wus Mrs.
+Winnie Dunbar and she moved to Columbia, South Carolina takin' me with her. I
+stayed with her about four years. This wus the end of my maiden life. I married
+Isaac Austin of Richmond County, Georgia. He wus a native of Warrenton County and
+he brought me from his home in Richmond County, Georgia to Warrenton and then
+from Warrenton to Raleigh. I had two brothers and thirteen sisters. I did general
+house work, and helped raise children during slavery, and right after de war.
+Then you had to depend on yourself to do for children. You had to doctor and care
+for them yourself. You just had to depend on yourself.</p>
+
+<p>Dey had 320 acres o' cleared fields in Georgia and then de rice fields, I just
+don't know how many acres. I have seen jails for slaves. Dey had a basement for a
+jail in Georgia and a guard at de holes in it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>No, No! you better not be caught tryin' to do somethin' wid a book. Dey would
+teach you wid a stick or switch. De slaves had secret prayer meetin's wid pots
+turned down to kill de soun' o' de singin'. We sang a song, 'I am glad
+salvation's free.' Once dey heard us, nex' mornin' dey took us and tore our backs
+to pieces. Dey would say, 'Are you free? What were you singin' about freedom?'
+While de niggers were bein' whupped they said, 'Pray, marster, pray.'</p>
+
+<p>The doctor came to see us sometimes when we were sick, but not after. People
+just had to do their own doctorin'. Sometimes a man would take his patient, and
+sit by de road where de doctor travelled, and when he come along he would see
+him. De doctor rode in a sully drawn by a horse. He had a route, one doctor to
+two territories.</p>
+
+<p>When de white folks were preparing to go to de war they had big dinners and
+speakin'. Dey tole what dey were goin' to do to Sherman and Grant. A lot of such
+men as Grant and Sherman and Lincoln came through de South in rags and were at
+some o' dese meetings, an' et de dinners. When de white folks foun' it out, dere
+wus some sick folks. Sometimes we got two days Christmas and two days July. When
+de nigger wus freed dey didn't know where to go and what to do. It wus hard, but
+it has been hard since. From what de white folks, marster and missus tole us we
+thought Lincoln wus terrible. By what mother and father tole me I thought he wus
+all right. I think Roosevelt wus put in by God to do the right things.</p>
+
+<p><small>EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320012]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Blount Baker">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>367</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>BLOUNT BAKER</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Blount Baker</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"SEP 10 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<h4>BLOUNT BAKER</h4>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>
+
+<h5>An interview with Blount Baker, 106 Spruce Street, Wilson, North
+Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>Yes'um, I 'longed ter Marse Henry Allen of Wilson County an' we always raise
+terbacker. Marse Henry wus good ter us so we had a heap of prayer meetin's an'
+corn shuckin's an' such.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members de big meetin's dat we'd have in de summer time an' dat good
+singin' we'd have when we'd be singin' de sinners through. We'd stay pretty nigh
+all night to make a sinner come through, an' maybe de week atter de meetin' he'd
+steal one of his marster's hogs. Yes'um, I'se had a bad time.</p>
+
+<p>You know, missy, dar ain't no use puttin' faith in nobody, dey'd fool you ever
+time anyhow. I know once a patteroller tol' me dat iffen I'd give him a belt I
+found dat he'd let me go by ter see my gal dat night, but when he kotch me dat
+night he whupped me. I tol' Marse Henry on him too so Marse Henry takes de belt
+away from him an' gives me a possum fer hit. Dat possum shore wus good too, baked
+in de ashes like I done it.</p>
+
+<p>I ain't never hear Marse Henry cuss but once an' dat wus de time dat some
+gentlemens come ter de house an' sez dat dar am a war 'twixt de north an' de
+south. He sez den, 'Let de damn yaller bellied Yankees come on an' we'll give 'em
+hell an' sen' dem a-hoppin' back ter de north in a hurry.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We ain't seed no Yankees 'cept a few huntin' Rebs. Dey talk mean ter us an'
+one of dem says dat we niggers am de cause of de war. 'Sir,' I sez, 'folks what
+am a wantin' a war can always find a cause'. He kicks me in de seat of de pants
+fer dat, so I hushes.</p>
+
+<p>I stayed wid Marse Henry till he died den I moved ter Wilson. I has worked
+everwhere, terbacker warehouses an' ever'thing. I'se gittin' of my ole age
+pension right away an' den de county won't have ter support me no mo', dat is if
+dey have been supportin' me on three dollars a month.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320244]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Lizzie Baker">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>745</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>LIZZIE BAKER</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Lizzie Baker</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>LIZZIE BAKER</h4>
+
+<h5>424 Smith Street</h5>
+
+<p>I was born de las' year o' de surrender an'course I don't remember seein' any
+Yankee soldiers, but I knows a plenty my mother and father tole me. I have
+neuritis, an' have been unable to work any fer a year and fer seven years I
+couldn't do much.</p>
+
+<p>My mother wus named Teeny McIntire and my father William McIntire. Mammy
+belonged to Bryant Newkirk in Duplin County. Pap belonged to someone else, I
+don't know who.</p>
+
+<p>Dey said dey worked from light till dark, and pap said dey beat him so bad he
+run away a lot o' times. Dey said de paterollers come to whare dey wus havin'
+prayer meetin' and beat 'em.</p>
+
+<p>Mammy said sometimes dey were fed well and others dey almost starved. Dey got
+biscuit once a week on Sunday. Dey said dey went to de white folks's church. Dey
+said de preachers tole 'em dey had to obey dere missus and marster. My mammy said
+she didn't go to no dances 'cause she wus crippled. Some o' de help, a colored
+woman, stole something when she wus hongry. She put it off on mother and missus
+made mother wear trousers for a year to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> punish her.</p>
+
+<p>Mammy said dey gave de slaves on de plantation one day Christmas and dat New
+Years wus when dey sold 'em an' hired 'em out. All de slaves wus scared 'cause
+dey didn't know who would have to go off to be sold or to work in a strange
+place. Pap tole me 'bout livin' in de woods and 'bout dey ketchin' him. I 'member
+his owner's name den, it wus Stanley. He run away so bad dey sold him several
+times. Pap said one time dey caught him and nearly beat him to death, and jest as
+soon as he got well and got a good chance he ran away again.</p>
+
+<p>Mammy said when de Yankees come through she wus 'fraid of 'em. De Yankees tole
+her not to be 'fraid of 'em. Dey say to her, 'Do dey treat you right', Mammy said
+'Yes sir', 'cause ole missus wus standin' dere, an' she wus 'fraid not to say
+yes. Atter de war, de fust year atter de surrender dey moved to James Alderman's
+place in Duplin County and stayed dere till I wus a grown gal.</p>
+
+<p>Den we moved to Goldsboro. Father wus a carpenter and he got a lot of dat
+work. Dat's what he done in Goldsboro. We come from Goldsboro to Raleigh and we
+have lived here every since. We moved here about de year o' de shake and my
+mother died right here in Raleigh de year o' de shake. Some of de things mother
+tole me 'bout slavery, has gone right out of my min'. Jes comes and goes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I remember pap tellin' me' bout stretchin' vines acrost roads and paths to
+knock de patterollers off deir horses when dey were tryin' to ketch slaves. Pap
+and mammy tole me marster and missus did not 'low any of de slaves to have a book
+in deir house. Dat if dey caught a slave wid a book in deir house dey whupped
+'em. Dey were keerful not to let 'em learn readin' and writin'.</p>
+
+<p>Dey sold my sister Lucy and my brother Fred in slavery time, an' I have never
+seen 'em in my life. Mother would cry when she was tellin' me 'bout it. She never
+seen 'em anymore. I jes' couldn't bear to hear her tell it widout cryin'. Dey
+were carried to Richmond, an' sold by old marster when dey were chillun.</p>
+
+<p>We tried to get some news of brother and sister. Mother kept 'quiring 'bout
+'em as long as she lived and I have hoped dat I could hear from 'em. Dey are dead
+long ago I recons, and I guess dare aint no use ever expectin' to see 'em.
+Slavery wus bad and Mr. Lincoln did a good thing when he freed de niggers. I
+caint express my love for Roosevelt. He has saved so many lives. I think he has
+saved mine. I want to see him face to face. I purely love him and I feel I could
+do better to see him and tell him so face to face.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320182]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Viney Baker">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>339</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>VINEY BAKER</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Viney Baker</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 215px;">
+<img src="images/v_baker.jpg" width="215" height="300" alt="v_baker" title="Viney Baker" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+
+<h4>VINEY BAKER</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave Story</h5>
+
+<h5>An interview with Viney Baker 78 of S. Harrington Street, Raleigh.</h5>
+
+<p>My mammy wuz Hannah Murry an' so fur as I know I ain't got no father, do' I
+reckon dat he wuz de plantation stock nigger. I wuz borned in Virginia as yo'
+mought say ter my marster Mr. S. L. Allen.</p>
+
+<p>We moved when I wuz little ter Durham County whar we fared bad. We ain't had
+nothin' much ter eat an' ter w'ar. He had a hundert slaves an' I reckon five
+hundert acres o' lan'. He made us wuck hard, de little ones included.</p>
+
+<p>One night I lay down on de straw mattress wid my mammy, an' de nex' mo'nin' I
+woked up an' she wuz gone. When I axed 'bout her I fin's dat a speculator comed
+dar de night before an' wanted ter buy a 'oman. Dey had come an' got my mammy
+widout wakin' me up. I has always been glad somehow dat I wuz asleep.</p>
+
+<p>Dey uster tie me ter a tree an' beat me till de blood run down my back, I doan
+'member nothin' dat I done,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> I jist 'members de whuppin's. Some of de rest wuz
+beat wuser dan I wuz too, an' I uster scream dat I wuz sho' dyin'.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'um I seed de Yankees go by, but dey ain't bodder us none, case dey knows
+dat 'hind eber' bush jist about a Confederate soldier pints a gun.</p>
+
+<p>I warn't glad at de surrender, case I doan understand hit, an' de Allen's
+keeps me right on, an' whups me wuser den dan eber.</p>
+
+<p>I reckon I wuz twelve years old when my mammy come ter de house an' axes Mis'
+Allen ter let me go spen' de week en' wid her. Mis' Allen can't say no, case
+Mammy mought go ter de carpet baggers so she lets me go fer de week-en'. Mammy
+laughs Sunday when I says somethin' 'bout goin' back. Naw, I stayed on wid my
+mammy, an' I ain't seed Mis' Allen no mo'.</p>
+
+<p><small>AC</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320151]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Charlie Barbour">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>733</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>EX-SLAVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Charlie Barbour</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 7 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="hw">A (circled)</span></p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>EX-SLAVE STORY</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview on May 20, 1937 with Charlie Barbour, 86 of Smithfield, N.C.
+Johnston County.</h5>
+
+<p>I belonged ter Mr. Bob Lumsford hyar in Smithfield from de time of my birth.
+My mammy wuz named Candice an' my pappy's name wuz Seth. My brothers wuz Rufus,
+William an' George, an' my sisters wuz Mary an' Laura.</p>
+
+<p>I 'minds me of de days when as a <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: youngun'">youngin'
+</ins>I played marbles an' hide an' seek. Dar wuzn't many games den,
+case nobody ain't had no time fer 'em. De grown folkses had dances an' sometimes
+co'n shuckin's, an' de little niggers patted dere feets at de dances an' dey he'p
+ter shuck de co'n. At Christmas we had a big dinner, an' from den through New
+Year's Day we feast, an' we dance, an' we sing. De fust one what said Christmas
+gift ter anybody else got a gif', so of cou'se we all try ter ketch de
+marster.</p>
+
+<p>On de night 'fore de first day of Jinuary we had a dance what lasts all night.
+At midnight when de New Year comes in marster makes a speech an' we is happy dat
+he thanks us fer our year's wuck an' says dat we is good, smart slaves.</p>
+
+<p>Marster wucked his niggers from daylight till dark, an'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> his thirteen
+grown slaves had ter ten' 'bout three hundred acres o' land. Course dey mostly
+planted co'n, peas an' vege'ables.</p>
+
+<p>I can 'member, do' I wuz small, dat de slaves wuz whupped fer disobeyin' an' I
+can think of seberal dat I got. I wuz doin' housewuck at de time an' one of de
+silber knives got misplaced. Dey 'cused me of misplacin' it on purpose, so I got
+de wust beatin' dat I eber had. I wuz beat den till de hide wuz busted hyar an'
+dar.</p>
+
+<p>We little ones had some time ter go swimmin' an' we did; we also fished, an'
+at night we hunted de possum an' de coon sometimes. Ole Uncle Jeems had some
+houn's what would run possums or coons an' he uster take we boys 'long wid
+him.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members onct de houn's struck a trail an' dey tree de coon. Uncle Jeems
+sen's Joe, who wuz bigger den I wuz, up de tree ter ketch de coon an' he warns
+him dat coons am fightin' fellers. Joe doan pay much mind he am so happy ter git
+der chanct ter ketch de coon, but when he ketched dat coon he couldn't turn
+loose, an' from de way he holler yo' would s'pose dat he ain't neber wanted ter
+ketch a coon. When Joe Barbour wuz buried hyar las' winter dem coon marks wuz
+still strong on his arms an' han's an' dar wuz de long scar on his face.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members onct a Yankee 'oman from New York looks at him an' nigh 'bout
+faints. 'I reckon', says she, dat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> am what de cruel slave owner or driver done ter
+him'.</p>
+
+<p>Yes mam, I knows when de Yankees comed ter Smithfield. Dey comed wid de
+beatin' of drums an' de wavin' of flags. Dey says dat our governor wuz hyar
+makin' a speech but he flewed 'fore dey got hyar. Anyhow, we libed off from de
+main path of march, an' so we ain't been trouble so much 'cept by 'scootin'
+parties, as my ole missus call' em.</p>
+
+<p>Dey am de darndest yo' eber seed, dey won't eat no hog meat 'cept hams an'
+shoulders an' dey goes ter de smoke house an' gits 'em 'thout no permission. Dey
+has what dey calls rammin' rods ter dere guns an' dey knock de chickens in de
+haid wid dat. I hyard dem say dat dar warn't no use wastin' powder on dem
+chickens.</p>
+
+<p>Dey went ober de neighborhood stealin' an' killin' stock. I hyard 'bout 'em
+ketchin' a pig, cuttin' off his hams an' leave him dar alive. De foun' all de
+things we done hid, not dat I thinks dat dey am witches, but dat dey has a money
+rod, an' 'cides dat some of de slaves tol' 'em whar marster had hid de
+things.</p>
+
+<p>Yes 'um, I reckon I wuz glad ter git free, case I knows den dat I won't wake
+up some mornin' ter fin' dat my mammy or some ob de rest of my family am done
+sold. I left de day I hyard 'bout de surrender an' I fared right good too, do' I
+knows dem what ain't farin' so well.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I ain't neber learn ter read an' write an' I knows now dat I neber will. I
+can't eben write a letter ter Raleigh 'bout my ole man's pension.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members de days when mammy wored a blue hankerchief 'round her haid an'
+cooked in de great house. She'd sometimes sneak me a cookie or a cobbler an'
+fruits. She had her own little gyardin an' a few chickens an' we w'oud ov been
+happy 'cept dat we wuz skeered o' bein' sold.</p>
+
+<p>I'se glad dat slavery am ober, case now de nigger has got a chanct ter live
+an' larn wid de whites. Dey won't neber be as good as de whites but dey can larn
+ter live an' enjoy life more.</p>
+
+<p>Speakin' 'bout de Ku Klux dey ain't do nothin' but scare me back in '69, but
+iffen we had some now I thinks dat some of dese young niggers what has forgot
+what dey mammies tol' 'em would do better.</p>
+
+<p><small>MH:EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320249]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Mary Barbour">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>678</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>MARY BARBOUR</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary Barbour</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
+
+<h5>MARY BARBOUR</h5>
+
+<h4>Ex-Slave Story</h4>
+
+<h4>An interview with Mary Barbour 81 of 801 S. Bloodworth Street, Raleigh,
+N.C.</h4>
+
+<p>I reckon dat I wuz borned in McDowell County, case dat's whar my mammy, Edith,
+lived. She 'longed ter Mr. Jefferson Mitchel dar, an' my pappy 'longed ter er Mr.
+Jordan in Avery County, so he said.</p>
+
+<p>'Fore de war, I doan know nothin' much 'cept dat we lived on a big plantation
+an' dat my mammy wucked hard, but wuz treated pretty good.</p>
+
+<p>We had our little log cabin off ter one side, an' my mammy had sixteen
+chilluns. Fas' as dey got three years old de marster sol' 'em till we las' four
+dat she had wid her durin' de war. I wuz de oldes' o' dese four; den dar wuz
+Henry an' den de twins, Liza an' Charlie.</p>
+
+<p>One of de fust things dat I 'members wuz my pappy wakin' me up in de middle o'
+de night, dressin' me in de dark, all de time tellin' me ter keep quiet. One o'
+de twins hollered some an' pappy put his hand ober its mouth ter keep it
+quiet.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Atter we wuz dressed he went outside an' peeped roun' fer a minute den he
+comed back an' got us. We snook out o' de house an' long de woods path, pappy
+totin' one of de twins an' holdin' me by de han' an' mammy carryin' de udder
+two.</p>
+
+<p>I reckons dat I will always 'member dat walk, wid de bushes slappin' my laigs,
+de win' sighin' in de trees, an' de hoot owls an' whippoorwills hollerin' at each
+other frum de big trees. I wuz half asleep an' skeered stiff, but in a little
+while we pass de plum' thicket an' dar am de mules an' wagin.</p>
+
+<p>Dar am er quilt in de bottom o' de wagin, an' on dis dey lays we youngins. An'
+pappy an' mammy gits on de board cross de front an' drives off down de road.</p>
+
+<p>I wuz sleepy but I wuz skeered too, so as we rides 'long I lis'ens ter pappy
+an' mammy talk. Pappy wuz tellin' mammy 'bout de Yankees comin' ter dere
+plantation, burnin' de co'n cribs, de smokehouses an' 'stroyin' eber'thing. He
+says right low dat dey done took marster Jordan ter de Rip Raps down nigh
+Norfolk, an' dat he stol' de mules an' wagin an' 'scaped.</p>
+
+<p>We wuz skeerd of de Yankees ter start wid, but de more we thinks 'bout us
+runnin' way frum our marsters de skeerder<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> we gits o' de Rebs. Anyhow pappy says dat we is
+goin' ter jine de Yankees.</p>
+
+<p>We trabels all night an' hid in de woods all day fer a long time, but atter
+awhile we gits ter Doctor Dillard's place, in Chowan County. I reckons dat we
+stays dar seberal days.</p>
+
+<p>De Yankees has tooked dis place so we stops ober, an' has a heap o' fun
+dancin' an' sich while we am dar. De Yankees tells pappy ter head fer New Bern
+an' dat he will be took keer of dar, so ter New Bern we goes.</p>
+
+<p>When we gits ter New Bern de Yankees takes de mules an' wagin, dey tells pappy
+something, an' he puts us on a long white boat named Ocean Waves an' ter Roanoke
+we goes.</p>
+
+<p>Later I larns dat most o' de reffes<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> is put in
+James City, nigh New Bern, but dar am a pretty good crowd on Roanoke. Dar wuz
+also a ole Indian Witch 'oman dat I 'members.</p>
+
+<p>Atter a few days dar de Ocean Waves comes back an' takes all ober ter New
+Bern. My pappy wuz a shoemaker, so he makes Yankee boots, an' we gits 'long
+pretty good.</p>
+
+<p>I wuz raised in New Bern an' I lived dar till forty years ago when me an' my
+husban' moved ter Raleigh an' do' he's been daid a long time I has lived hyar
+<ins class="edcorr" title="eber">ober</ins> since an' eben if'en I is eighty-one years old I can still
+outwuck my daughter an' de rest of dese young niggers.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+ <p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span
+ class="label">[2]</span></a> refugees</p>
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320162]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Alice Baugh">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>927</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Plantation Times</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Alice Baugh</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 1 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>PLANTATION TIMES</h4>
+
+<h5>An Interview on May 18, 1937 with Alice Baugh, 64, who remembers hearing her
+mother tell of slavery days.</h5>
+
+<p>My mammy Ferbie, an' her brother Darson belonged ter Mr. David Hinnant in
+Edgecombe County till young Marster Charlie got married. Den dey wuz drawed an'
+sent wid him down hyar ter Wendell. De ole Hinnant home am still standin' dar ter
+dis day.</p>
+
+<p>Marster Charlie an' Missus Mary wuz good ter de hundred slaves what belonged
+ter' em. Dey gib 'em good houses, good feed, good clothes an' plenty uv fun. Dey
+had dere co'n shuckin's, dere barn dances, prayer meetin's an' sich like all de
+year, an' from Christmas till de second day o' January dey had a holiday wid
+roast oxes, pigs, turkey an' all de rest o' de fixin's. From Saturday till Monday
+de slaves wuz off an' dey had dere Sunday clothes, which wuz nice. De marster
+always gib 'em a paper so's de patterollers won't git 'em.</p>
+
+<p>Dey went up de riber to other plantations ter dances an' all dem things, an'
+dey wuz awful fond uv singin' songs. Dat's whut dey done atter dey comes ter dere
+cabins at de end o' de day. De grown folkses sings an' somebody pickin' de banjo.
+De favorite song wuz 'Swing Low Sweet Chariot' an' 'Play on yo' Harp Little
+David'. De chilluns uster<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> play Hide an' Seek, an' Leap Frog, an' ever'body wuz happy.</p>
+
+<p>Dey had time off ter hunt an' fish an' dey had dere own chickens, pigs,
+watermillons an' gyardens. De fruits from de big orchard an' de honey from de
+hives wuz et at home, an' de slave et as good as his marster et. Dey had a whole
+heap o' bee hives an' my mammy said dat she had ter tell dem bees when Mis' Mary
+died. She said how she wuz cryin' so hard dat she can't hardly tell 'em, an' dat
+dey hum lak dey am mo'nin' too.</p>
+
+<p>My mammy marry my pappy dar an' she sez dat de preacher from de Methodis'
+Church marry 'em, dat she w'ar Miss Mary's weddin' dress, all uv white lace, an'
+dat my pappy w'ar Mr. Charlie's weddin' suit wid a flower in de button hole. Dey
+gived a big dance atter de supper dey had, an' Marster Charlie dance de
+<ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: fust">first</ins> set wid my mammy.</p>
+
+<p>I jist thought of a tale what I hyard my mammy tell 'bout de Issue Frees of
+Edgecombe County when she wuz a little gal. She said dat de Issue Frees wuz mixed
+wid de white folks, an' uv cou'se dat make 'em free. Sometimes dey stay on de
+plantation, but a whole heap uv dem, long wid niggers who had done runned away
+from dere marster, dugged caves in de woods, an' dar dey lived an' raised dere
+families dar. Dey ain't wored much clothes an' what dey got to eat an' to w'ar
+dey swiped from de white folkses. Mammy said dat she uster go ter de spring
+fer<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> water,
+an' dem ole Issue Frees up in de woods would yell at her, 'Doan yo' muddy dat
+spring, little gal'. Dat scared her moughty bad.</p>
+
+<p>Dem Issue Frees till dis day shows both bloods. De white folkses won't have
+'em an' de niggers doan want 'em but will have ter have 'em anyhow.</p>
+
+<p>My uncle wuz raised in a cave an' lived on stold stuff an' berries. My cousin
+runned away 'cause his marster wuz mean ter him, but dey put de blood hounds on
+his trail, ketched him. Atter he got well from de beatin' dey gib him, dey sold
+him.</p>
+
+<p>I'se hyard ole lady Prissie Jones who died at de age of 103 las' winter tell
+'bout marsters dat when dere slaves runned away dey'd set de bloodhounds on dere
+trail an' when dey ketched 'em dey'd cut dere haids off wid de swords.</p>
+
+<p>Ole lady Prissie tole 'bout slaves what ain't had nothin' ter eat an' no
+clothes 'cept a little strip uv homespun, but my mammy who died four months ago
+at de age 106 said dat she ain't knowed nothin' 'bout such doin's.</p>
+
+<p>When de Yankees come, dey come a burnin' an' a-stealin' an' Marster Charlie
+carried his val'ables ter mammy's cabin, but dey found 'em. Dey had a money rod
+an' dey'd find all de stuff no matter whar it wuz.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> Mammy said dat all de slaves cried
+when de Yankees come, an' dat most uv 'em stayed on a long time atter de war. My
+mammy plowed an' done such work all de time uv slavery, but she done it case she
+wanted to do it an' not 'cause dey make her.</p>
+
+<p>All de slaves hate de Yankees an' when de southern soldiers comed by late in
+de night all de niggers got out of de bed an' holdin' torches high dey march
+behin' de soldiers, all of dem singin', 'We'll Hang Abe Lincoln on de Sour Apple
+Tree.' Yes mam, dey wuz sorry dat dey wuz free, an' dey ain't got no reason to be
+glad, case dey wuz happier den dan now.</p>
+
+<p>I'se hyard mammy tell 'bout how de niggers would sing as dey picked de cotton,
+but yo' ain't hyard none uv dat now. Den dey ain't had to worry 'bout nothin';
+now dey has ter study so much dat dey ain't happy nuff ter sing no mo'.</p>
+
+<p>"Does yo' know de cause of de war?" Aunt Alice went to a cupboard and returned
+holding out a book. "Well hyar's de cause, dis <span class="u">Uncle Tom's
+Cabin</span> wuz de cause of it all; an' its' de biggest lie what ever been gived
+ter de public."</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320157]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="John Beckwith">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>341</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>WHEN THE YANKEES CAME</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>John Beckwith</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 209px;">
+<img src="images/j_beckwith.jpg" width="209" height="300" alt="j_beckwith" title="John Beckwith" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+
+<h4>WHEN THE YANKEES CAME</h4>
+
+<h5>An Interview with John Beckwith 83, of Cary.</h5>
+
+<p>I reckon dat I wuz 'bout nine years old at de surrender, but we warn't happy
+an' we stayed on dar till my parents died. My pappy wuz named Green an' my mammy
+wuz named Molly, an' we belonged ter Mr. Joe Edwards, Mr. Marion Gully, an' Mr.
+Hilliard Beckwith, as de missus married all of 'em. Dar wuz twenty-one other
+slaves, an' we got beat ever' onct in a while.</p>
+
+<p>When dey told us dat de Yankees wuz comin' we wuz also told dat iffen we
+didn't behave dat we'd be shot; an' we believed it. We would'uv behaved anyhow,
+case we had good plank houses, good food, an' shoes. We had Saturday an' Sunday
+off an' we wuz happy.</p>
+
+<p>De missus, she raised de nigger babies so's de mammies could wuck. I 'members
+de times when she rock me ter sleep an' put me ter bed in her own bed. I wuz
+happy den as I thinks back of it, until dem Yankees come.</p>
+
+<p>Dey come on a Chuesday; an' dey started by burnin' de cotton house an' killin'
+most of de chickens an' pigs. Way atter awhile dey fin's de cellar an' dey drinks<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span>
+brandy till dey gits wobbly in de legs. Atter dat dey comes up on de front porch
+an' calls my missus. When she comes ter de do' dey tells her dat dey am goin' in
+de house ter look things over. My missus dejicts, case ole marster am away at de
+war, but dat doan do no good. Dey cusses her scan'lous an' dey dares her ter
+speak. Dey robs de house, takin' dere knives an' splittin' mattresses, pillows
+an' ever' thing open lookin' fer valerables, an' ole missus dasen't open her
+mouth.</p>
+
+<p>Dey camped dar in de grove fer two days, de officers takin' de house an'
+missus leavin' home an' goin' ter de neighbor's house. Dey make me stay dar in de
+house wid 'em ter tote dere brandy frum de cellar, an' ter make 'em some mint
+jelup. Well, on de secon' night dar come de wust storm I'se eber seed. De
+lightnin' flash, de thunder roll, an' de house shook an' rattle lak a earthquake
+had struck it.</p>
+
+<p>Dem Yankees warn't supposed ter be superstitious, but lemmie tell yo', dey wuz
+some skeered dat night; an' I hyard a Captain say dat de witches wuz abroad.
+Atter awhile lightnin' struck de Catawba tree dar at de side of de house an' de
+soldiers camped round about dat way marched off ter de barns, slave cabins an'
+other places whar dey<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span> wuz safter dan at dat place. De next mornin' dem Yankees moved
+frum dar an' dey ain't come back fer nothin'.</p>
+
+<p>We wuzn't happy at de surrender an' we cussed ole Abraham Lincoln all ober de
+place. We wuz told de disadvantages of not havin' no edercation, but shucks, we
+doan need no book larnin' wid ole marster ter look atter us.</p>
+
+<p>My mammy an' pappy stayed on dar de rest of dere lives, an' I stayed till I
+wuz sixteen. De Ku Klux Klan got atter me den' bout fightin' wid a white boy. Dat
+night I slipped in de woods an' de nex' day I went ter Raleigh. I got a job dar
+an' eber' since den I'se wucked fer myself, but now I can't wuck an' I wish dat
+yo' would apply fer my ole aged pension fer me.</p>
+
+<p>I went back ter de ole plantation long as my pappy, mammy, an' de marster an'
+missus lived. Sometimes, when I gits de chanct I goes back now. Course now de
+slave cabins am gone, ever' body am dead, an' dar ain't nothin' familiar 'cept de
+bent Catawba tree; but it 'minds me of de happy days.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320163]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="John Bectom">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1,566</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>JOHN C. BECTOM</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>John C. Bectom</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 1 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="hw">N. C.</span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>JOHN C. BECTOM</h4>
+
+<p>My name is John C. Bectom. I was born Oct. 7, 1862, near Fayetteville,
+Cumberland County, North Carolina. My father's name was Simon Bectom. He was 86
+years of age when he died. He died in 1910 at Fayetteville, N. C. My mother's name
+was Harriet Bectom. She died in 1907, May 23, when she was seventy years old. My
+brother's were named Ed, Kato and Willie. I was third of the boys. My sisters
+were Lucy, Anne and Alice. My father first belonged to Robert Wooten of Craven
+County, N. C. Then he was sold by the Wootens to the Bectoms of Wayne County, near
+Goldsboro, the county seat. My mother first belonged to the McNeills of
+Cumberland County. Miss Mary McNeill married a McFadden, and her parents gave my
+mother to Mis' Mary. Mis' Mary's daughter in time married Ezekial King and my
+mother was then given to her by Mis' Mary McFadden, her mother. Mis' Lizzie
+McFadden became a King. My grandmother was named Lucy Murphy. She belonged to the
+Murpheys. All the slaves were given off to the children of the family as they
+married.</p>
+
+<p>My father and mother told me stories of how they were treated at different
+places. When my grandmother was with the Murpheys they would make her get up, and
+begin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> burning logs in new grounds before daybreak. They also made her plow, the same as
+any of the men on the plantation. They plowed till dusk-dark before they left the
+fields to come to the house. They were not allowed to attend any dances or
+parties unless they slipped off unknowin's. They had candy pullings sometimes
+too. While they would be there the patterollers would visit them. Sometimes the
+patterollers whipped all they caught at this place, all they set their hands on,
+unless they had a pass.</p>
+
+<p>They fed us mighty good. The food was well cooked. They gave the slaves an
+acre of ground to plant and they could sell the crop and have the money. The work
+on this acre was done on moonshiny nights and holidays. Sometimes slaves would
+steal the marster's chickens or a hog and slip off to another plantation and have
+it cooked. We had plenty of clothes, and one pair o' shoes a year. You had to
+take care of them because you only got one pair a year. They were given at
+Christmas every year. The clothes were made on the plantation.</p>
+
+<p>There were corn mills on the plantation, and rice mills, and threshing
+machines. The plantation had about 300 acres in farm land. The enclosure was
+three miles.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span> My marster lived in a fine house. It took a year to build it.
+There were about 16 rooms in it. We slaves called it the great house. Some of the
+slaves ran away and finally reached Ohio. There was no jail on the plantation.
+Sometimes the overseer would whip us.</p>
+
+<p>The Kings had no overseers. King beat his slaves with a stick. I remember
+seeing him do this as well as I can see that house over there. He became blind.
+An owl scratched him in the face when he was trying to catch him, and his face
+got into sich a fix he went to Philadelphia for treatment, but they could not
+cure him. He finally went blind. I have seen him beat his slaves after he was
+blind. I remember it well. He beat 'em with a stick. He was the most sensitive
+man you ever seed. He ran a store. After he was blind you could han' him a piece
+of money and he could tell you what it was.</p>
+
+<p>There were no churches on the plantation but prayer meeting' were held in the
+quarters. Slaves were not allowed to go to the white folk's church unless they
+were coach drivers, etc. No sir, not in that community. They taught the slaves
+the Bible. The children of the marster would go to private school. We small Negro
+children looked after the babies in the cradles and other young<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span> children. When
+the white children studied their lessons I studied with them. When they wrote in
+the sand I wrote in the sand too. The white children, and not the marster or
+mistress, is where I got started in learnin' to read and write.</p>
+
+<p>We had corn shuckings, candy pullings, dances, prayer meetings. We went to
+camp meetin' on Camp Meeting days in August when the crops were laid by. We
+played games of high jump, jumping over the pole held by two people, wrestling,
+leap frog, and jumping. We sang the songs, 'Go tell Aunt Patsy'. 'Some folks says
+a nigger wont steal, I caught six in my corn field' 'Run nigger run, the
+patteroller ketch you, Run nigger run like you did the other day'.</p>
+
+<p>When slaves got sick marster looked after them. He gave them blue mass and
+caster oil. Dr. McDuffy also treated us. Dr. McSwain vaccinated us for small pox.
+My sister died with it. When the slaves died marster buried them. They dug a
+grave with a tomb in it. I do not see any of them now. The slaves were buried in
+a plain box.</p>
+
+<p>The marsters married the slaves without any papers. All they did was to say
+perhaps to Jane and Frank,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span> 'Frank, I pronounce you and Jane man and wife.'
+But the woman did not take the name of her husband, she kept the name of the
+family who owned her.</p>
+
+<p>I remember seeing the Yankees near Fayetteville. They shot a bomb shell at
+Wheeler's Calvary, and it hit near me and buried in the ground. Wheeler's Calvary
+came first and ramsaked the place. They got all the valuables they could, and
+burned the bridge, the covered bridge over Cape Fear river, but when the Yankees
+got there they had a pontoon bridge to cross on,&mdash;all those provision wagons
+and such. When they passed our place it was in the morning. They nearly scared me
+to death. They passed right by our door, Sherman's army. They began passing, so
+the white folks said, at 9 o'clock in the mornin'. At 9 o'clock at night they
+were passin' our door on foot. They said there were two hundred and fifty
+thousan' o' them passed. Some camped in my marster's old fiel'. A Yankee caught
+one of my marster's shoats and cut off one of the hind quarters, gave it to me,
+and told me to carry and give it to my mother. I was so small I could not tote
+it, so I drug it to her. I called her when I got in hollering distance of the
+house and she came and got it. The Yankees called us Johnnie, Dinah, Bill and
+other funny names. They beat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span> their drums and sang songs. One of the Yankees
+sang 'Rock a Bye Baby'. At that time Jeff Davis money was plentiful. My mother
+had about $1000. It was so plentiful it was called Jeff Davis shucks. My mother
+had bought a pair of shoes, and had put them in a chest. A Yankee came and took
+the shoes and wore them off, leaving his in their place. They tol' us we were
+free. Sometimes the marster would get cruel to the slaves if they acted like they
+were free.</p>
+
+<p>Mat Holmes, a slave, was wearing a ball and chain as a punishment for running
+away. Marster Ezekial King put it on him. He has slept in the bed with me,
+wearing that ball and chain. The cuff had embedded in his leg, it was swollen so.
+This was right after the Yankees came through. It was March, the 9th of March,
+when the Yankees came through. Mat Holmes had run away with the ball and chain on
+him and was in the woods then. He hid out staying with us at night until August.
+Then my mother took him to the Yankee garrison at Fayetteville. A Yankee officer
+then took him to a black smith shop and had the ball and chain cut off his leg.
+The marsters would tell the slaves to go to work that they were not free, that
+they still belonged to them, but one would drop out and leave, then another.
+There was little work done on the farm, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> finally most of the slaves learned
+they were free.</p>
+
+<p>Abraham Lincoln was one of the greatest men that ever lived. He was the cause
+of us slaves being free. No doubt about that. I didn't think anything of Jeff
+Davis. He tried to keep us in slavery. I think slavery was an injustice, not
+right. Our privilege is to live right, and live according to the teachings of the
+Bible, to treat our fellowman right. To do this I feel we should belong to some
+religious organization and live as near right as we know how.</p>
+
+<p>The overseers and patterollers in the time of slavery were called poor white
+trash by the slaves.</p>
+
+<p>On the plantations not every one, but some of the slave holders would have
+some certain slave women reserved for their own use. Sometimes children almost
+white would be born to them. I have seen many of these children. Sometimes the
+child would be said to belong to the overseer, and sometimes it would be said to
+belong to the marster.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320118]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="LAURA BELL">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>610</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>AUNT LAURA</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>LAURA BELL</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Geo. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 6 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>AUNT LAURA</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Laura Bell, 73 years old, of 2 Bragg Street, Raleigh, North
+Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>Being informed that Laura Bell was an old slavery Negro, I went immediately to
+the little two-room shack with its fallen roof and shaky steps. As I approached
+the shack I noticed that the storm had done great damage to the chaney-berry tree
+in her yard, fallen limbs litterin' the ground, which was an inch deep in garbage
+and water.</p>
+
+<p>The porch was littered with old planks and huge tubs and barrels of stagnant
+water. There was only room for one chair and in that sat a tall Negro woman clad
+in burlap bags and in her lap she held a small white flea-bitten dog which
+growled meaningly.</p>
+
+<p>When I reached the gate, which swings on one rusty hinge, she bade me come in
+and the Carolina Power and Light Company men, who were at work nearby, laughed as
+I climbed over the limbs and garbage and finally found room for one foot on the
+porch and one on the ground.</p>
+
+<p>"I wus borned in Mount Airy de year 'fore de Yankees come, bein' de fourth of
+five chilluns. My mammy an' daddy Minerva Jane an' Wesley 'longed ter Mr. Mack
+Strickland an' we lived on his big place near Mount Airy.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span>"</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Mack wus good ter us, dey said. He give us enough ter eat an' plenty of
+time ter weave clothes fer us ter wear. I've hearn mammy tell of de corn
+shuckin's an' dances dey had an' 'bout some whuppin's too."</p>
+
+<p>"Marse Mack's overseer, I doan know his name, wus gwine ter whup my mammy
+onct, an' pappy do' he ain't neber make no love ter mammy comes up an' takes de
+whuppin' fer her. Atter dat dey cou'ts on Sadday an' Sunday an' at all de
+sociables till dey gits married."</p>
+
+<p>"I'se hearn her tell' bout how he axed Marse Mack iffen he could cou't mammy
+an' atter Marse Mack sez he can he axes her ter marry him."</p>
+
+<p>"She tells him dat she will an' he had 'em married by de preacher de nex' time
+he comes through dat country."</p>
+
+<p>"I growed up on de farm an' when I wus twelve years old I met Thomas Bell. My
+folks said dat I wus too young fer ter keep company so I had ter meet him 'roun'
+an' about fer seberal years, I think till I wus fifteen."</p>
+
+<p>"He axed me ter marry him while he wus down on de creek bank a fishin' an' I
+tol' him yes, but when he starts ter kiss me I tells him dat der's many a slip
+twixt de cup an' de lip an' so he has ter wait till we gits married.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span>"</p>
+
+<p>"We runned away de nex' Sadday an' wus married by a Justice of de Peace in
+Mount Airy."</p>
+
+<p>"Love ain't what hit uster be by a long shot," de ole woman reflected, "'Cause
+dar ain't many folks what loves all de time. We moved ter Raleigh forty years
+ago, an' Tom has been daid seberal years now. We had jest one chile but hit wus
+borned daid."</p>
+
+<p>"Chilluns ain't raised ter be clean lak we wus. I knows dat de house ain't so
+clean but I doan feel so much lak doin' nothin', I jest went on a visit 'bout
+seben blocks up de street dis mo'nin' an' so I doan feel lak cleanin' up
+none."</p>
+
+<p>I cut the interview short thereby missing more facts, as the odor was anything
+but pleasant and I was getting tired of standing in that one little spot.</p>
+
+<p>"Thank you for comin'", she called, and her dog growled again.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320111]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Emma Blalock">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1153</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>EMMA BLALOCK</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Emma Blalock</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Geo. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 6 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span>
+
+<h4>EMMA BLALOCK</h4>
+
+<h5>88 years old 529 Bannon Avenue Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>I shore do 'member de Yankees wid dere blue uniforms wid brass buttons on 'em.
+I wus too small to work any but I played in de yard wid my oldes' sister, Katie.
+She is dead long ago. My mother belonged to ole man John Griffith an' I belonged
+to him. His plantation wus down here at Auburn in Wake County. My father wus
+named Edmund Rand. He belonged to Mr. Nat Rand. He lived in Auburn. De
+plantations wus not fur apart. Dere wus about twenty-five slaves on de plantation
+whur mother an' me stayed.</p>
+
+<p>Marse John used ter take me on his knee an' sing, 'Here is de hammer, Shing
+ding. Gimme de Hammer, shing ding.' Marster loved de nigger chilluns on his
+plantation. When de war ended father come an' lived with us at Marse John's
+plantation. Marster John Griffith named me Emmy. My grandfather on my fathers
+side wus named Harden Rand, an' grandmother wus named Mason Rand. My grandfather
+on my mother's side wus named Antny Griffiths an' grandmother wus named
+Nellie.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Our food wus a plenty and well cooked. Marster fed his niggers good. We had
+plenty of homespun dresses and we got shoes once a year, at Christmas Eve. I ken
+'member it just as good. We got Christmas Holidays an' a stockin' full of candy
+an' peanuts. Sometimes we got ginger snaps at Christmas. My grandmother cooked'
+em. She wus a good cook. My mother's missus wus Miss Jetsy Griffith and my
+father's missus wus Lucy Rand. Dey wus both mighty good women. You know I am ole.
+I ken 'member all dem good white folks. Dey give us Fourth July Holidays. Dey
+come to town on dat day. Dey wore, let me tell you what dey wore, dey wore dotted
+waist blouses an' white pants. Dat wus a big day to ever'body, de Fourth of July.
+Dey begun singing at Auburn an' sung till dey reached Raleigh. Auburn is nine
+miles from Raleigh. Dere wus a lot of lemonade. Dey made light bread in big ovens
+an' had cheese to eat wid it. Some said just goin' on de fofe to git lemonade an'
+cheese.</p>
+
+<p>In the winter we had a lot of possums to eat an' a lot of rabbits too. At
+Christmas time de men hunted and caught plenty game. We barbecued it before de
+fire. I 'members seein' mother an' grandmother swinging rabbits<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span> 'fore de
+fire to cook 'em. Dey would turn an' turn 'em till dey wus done. Dey hung some up
+in de chimbly an' dry 'em out an' keep 'em a long time an' dat is de reason I
+won't eat a rabbit today. No Sir! I won't eat a rabbit. I seed 'em mess wid 'em
+so much turned me 'ginst eatin' 'em.</p>
+
+<p>I don't know how much lan' Marster John owned but, Honey, dat wus some
+plantation. It reached from Auburn to de Neuse River. Yes Sir, it did, 'cause I
+been down dere in corn hillin' time an' we fished at twelve o'clock in Neuse
+River. Marster John had overseers. Dere wus six of 'em. Dey rode horses over de
+fields but I don't 'member dere names.</p>
+
+<p>I never seen a slave whupped but dey wus whupped on de plantation an' I heard
+de grown folks talkin' 'bout it. My uncles Nat an' Bert Griffiths wus both
+whupped. Uncle Nat would not obey his missus rules an' she had him whupped. Dey
+whupped Uncle Bert 'cause he stayed drunk so much. He loved his licker an' he got
+drunk an' cut up bad, den dey whupped him. You could git plenty whiskey den.
+Twon't like it is now. No sir, it won't. Whiskey sold fur ten cents a quart. Most
+ever' body drank it but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span> you hardly ever seed a man drunk. Slaves wus not whupped for
+drinkin'. Dere Marsters give 'em whiskey but dey wus whupped for gittin' drunk.
+Dere wus a jail, a kind of stockade built of logs, on de farm to put slaves in
+when dey wouldn't mind. I never say any slave put on de block an' sold, but I saw
+Aunt Helen Rand cryin' because her Marster Nat Rand sold her boy, Fab Rand.</p>
+
+<p>No Sir, no readin' an' writin'. You had to work. Ha! ha! You let your marster
+or missus ketch you wid a book. Dat wus a strict rule dat no learnin' wus to be
+teached. I can't read an' write. If it wus not fur my mother wit don't know what
+would become of me. We had prayer meetings around at de slave houses. I 'member
+it well. We turned down pots on de inside of de house at de door to keep marster
+an' missus from hearin' de singin' an' prayin'. Marster an' his family lived in
+de great house an' de slave quarters wus 'bout two hundred yards away to the back
+of de great house. Dey wus arranged in rows. When de war ended we all stayed on
+wid de families Griffiths an' Rands till dey died, dat is all 'cept my father an'
+me. He lef' an' I lef'. I been in Raleigh forty-five years. I married Mack
+Blalock in Raleigh. He been dead seven years.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>My mother had two boys, Antny an' Wesley. She had four girls, Katie, Grissie,
+Mary Ella an' Emma. I had three chilluns, two are livin' yet. They both live in
+Raleigh.</p>
+
+<p>We had big suppers an' dinners at log rollin's an' corn shuckin's in slavery
+time ha! ha! plenty of corn licker for ever'body, both white an' black. Ever'body
+helped himself. Dr. Tom Busbee, one good ole white man, looked after us when we
+got sick, an' he could make you well purty quick, 'cause he wus good an' 'cause
+he wus sorry fer you. He wus a feelin' man. Course we took erbs. I tell you what
+I took. Scurrey grass, chana balls dey wus for worms. Scurrey grass worked you
+out. Dey give us winter green to clense our blood. We slaves an' a lot of de
+white folks drank sassafras tea in de place of coffee. We sweetened it wid brown
+sugar, honey, or molasses, just what we had in dat line. I think slavery wus a
+right good thing. Plenty to eat an' wear.</p>
+
+<p>When you gits a tooth pulled now it costs two dollars, don't it? Well in
+slavery time I had a tooth botherin' me. My mother say, Emma, take dis egg an' go
+down to Doctor Busbee an' give it to him an' git your<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span> tooth pulled. I give him one
+egg. He took it an' pulled my tooth. Try dat now, if you wants to an' see what
+happens. Yes, slavery wus a purty good thing.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320165]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Uncle David Blount">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1430</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Days on the Plantation</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Uncle David Blount</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 1 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="hw" title="HW: N.C. Good general story&mdash;
+Good story
+Hates the Yankees
+boy beaten by overseer who is later discharged; slaves make pact with Yankees">HW notes</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>DAYS ON THE PLANTATION</h4>
+
+<p>As told by Uncle David Blount, formerly of Beaufort County, who did not know
+his age. "De Marster" he refers to was Major Wm. A. Blount, who owned plantations
+in several parts of North Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>Yes mam, de days on de plantation wuz de happy days. De marster made us wuck
+through de week but on Sadays we uster go swimmin' in de riber an' do a lot of
+other things dat we lak ter do.</p>
+
+<p>We didn't mind de wuck so much case de ground wuz soft as ashes an' de marster
+let us stop and rest when we got tired. We planted 'taters in de uplan's and co'n
+in de lowgroun's nex' de riber. It wuz on de Cape Fear an' on hot days when we
+wuz a-pullin' de fodder we'd all stop wuck 'bout three o'clock in de ebenin' an'
+go swimmin'. Atter we come out'n de water we would wuck harder dan eber an' de
+marster wuz good to us, case we did wuck an' we done what he ast us.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members onct de marster had a oberseer dar dat wuz meaner dan a mean
+nigger. He always hired good oberseers an' a whole lot of times he let some Negro
+slave obersee. Well, dis oberseer beat some of de half grown boys till de blood
+run down ter dar heels an' he tole de rest of us dat if we told on him dat he'd
+kill us. We don't dasen't ast de marster ter git rid of de man so dis went on fer
+a long time.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It wuz cold as de debil one day an' dis oberseer had a gang of us a-clearin'
+new groun'. One boy ast if he could warm by de bresh heap. De oberseer said no,
+and atter awhile de boy had a chill. De oberseer don't care, but dat night de boy
+am a sick nigger. De nex' mornin' de marster gits de doctor, an' de doctor say
+dat de boy has got pneumonia. He tells 'em ter take off de boys shirt an' grease
+him wid some tar, turpentine, an' kerosene, an' when dey starts ter take de shirt
+off dey fin's dat it am stuck.</p>
+
+<p>Dey had ter grease de shirt ter git it off case de blood whar de oberseer beat
+him had stuck de shirt tight ter de skin. De marster wuz in de room an' he axed
+de boy how come it, an' de boy tole him.</p>
+
+<p>De marster sorta turns white an' he says ter me, 'Will yo' go an' ast de
+oberseer ter stop hyar a minute, please?'</p>
+
+<p>When de oberseer comes up de steps he axes sorta sassy-like, 'What yo'
+want?'</p>
+
+<p>De marster says, 'Pack yo' things an' git off'n my place as fast as yo' can,
+yo' pesky varmit.'</p>
+
+<p>De oberseer sasses de marster some more, an' den I sees de marster fairly
+loose his temper for de first time. He don't say a word but he walks ober, grabs
+de oberseer by de shoulder, sets his boot right hard 'ginst de seat of his pants
+an' sen's him, all drawed up, out in de yard<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span> on his face. He close up lak a
+umbrella for a minute den he pulls hisself all tergether an' he limps out'n dat
+yard an' we ain't neber seed him no more.</p>
+
+<p>No mam, dar wuzent no marryin' on de plantation dem days, an' as one ole 'oman
+raised all of de chilluns me an' my brother Johnnie ain't neber knowed who our
+folkses wuz. Johnnie wuz a little feller when de war ended, but I wuz in most of
+de things dat happen on de plantation fer a good while.</p>
+
+<p>One time dar, I done fergit de year, some white mens comes down de riber on a
+boat an' dey comes inter de fiel's an' talks ter a gang of us an' dey says dat
+our masters ain't treatin' us right. Dey tells us dat we orter be paid fer our
+wuck, an' dat we hadn't ort ter hab passes ter go anywhar. Dey also tells us dat
+we ort ter be allowed ter tote guns if we wants 'em. Dey says too dat sometime
+our marsters was gwine ter kill us all.</p>
+
+<p>I laughs at 'em, but some of dem fool niggers listens ter 'em; an' it 'pears
+dat dese men gib de niggers some guns atter I left an' promised ter bring 'em
+some more de nex' week.</p>
+
+<p>I fin's out de nex' day 'bout dis an' I goes an' tells de marster. He sorta
+laughs an' scratches his head, 'Dem niggers am headed fer trouble, Dave, 'he says
+ter me, 'an I wants yo' ter help me.'</p>
+
+<p>I says, 'Yas sar, marster.'</p>
+
+<p>An' he goes on, 'Yo' fin's out when de rest of de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span> guns comes Dave, an' let me
+know.'</p>
+
+<p>When de men brings back de guns I tells de marster, an' I also tells him dat
+dey wants ter hold er meetin'.</p>
+
+<p>'All right,' he says an' laughs, 'dey can have de meetin'. Yo' tell 'em, Dave,
+dat I said dat dey can meet on Chuesday night in de pack house.'</p>
+
+<p>Chuesday ebenin' he sen's dem all off to de low groun's but me, an' he tells
+me ter nail up de shutters ter de pack house an' ter nail 'em up good.</p>
+
+<p>I does lak he tells me ter do an' dat night de niggers marches in an' sneaks
+dar guns in too. I is lyin' up in de loft an' I hyars dem say dat atter de
+meetin' dey is gwine ter go up ter de big house an' kill de whole fambly.</p>
+
+<p>I gits out of de winder an' I runs ter de house an tells de marster. Den me
+an' him an' de young marster goes out an' quick as lightnin', I slams de pack
+house door an' I locks it. Den de marster yells at dem, 'I'se got men an' guns
+out hyar, he yells, 'an' if yo' doan throw dem guns out of de hole up dar in de
+loft, an' throw dem ebery one out I'se gwine ter stick fire ter dat pack
+house.'</p>
+
+<p>De niggers 'liberates for a few minutes an' den dey throws de guns out. I
+knows how many dey has got so I counts till dey throw dem all out, den I gathers
+up dem<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span> guns an' I totes 'em off ter de big house.</p>
+
+<p>Well sar, we keeps dem niggers shet up fer about a week on short rations; an'
+at de end of dat time dem niggers am kyored for good. When dey comes out dey had
+three oberseers 'stid of one, an' de rules am stricter dan eber before; an' den
+de marster goes off ter de war.</p>
+
+<p>I reckon I was 'bout fifteen or sixteen den; an' de marster car's me 'long fer
+his pusonal sarvant an' body guard an' he leabes de rest of dem niggers in de
+fiel's ter wuck like de dickens while I laughs at dem Yankees.</p>
+
+<p>Jim belonged to Mr. Harley who lived in New Hanover County during de war, in
+fac' he was young Massa Harley's slave; so when young Massa Tom went to de war
+Jim went along too.</p>
+
+<p>Dey wuz at Manassas, dey tells me, when Massa Tom got kilt, and de orders wuz
+not to take no bodies off de field right den.</p>
+
+<p>Course ole massa down near Wilmington, doan know 'bout young Massa Tom, but
+one night dey hears Jim holler at de gate. Dey goes runnin' out; an' Jim has
+brung Massa Tom's body all dat long ways home so dat he can be buried in de
+family burian ground.</p>
+
+<p>De massa frees Jim dat night; but he stays on a time atter de war, an' tell de
+day he died he hated<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> de Yankees for killing Massa Tom. In fact we all hated de
+Yankees, 'specially atter we hear 'bout starve dat first winter. I tried ter make
+a libin' fer me an' Johnnie but it was bad goin'; den I comes ter Raleigh an' I
+gits 'long better. Atter I gits settled I brings Johnnie, an' so we done putty
+good.</p>
+
+<p>Dat's all I can tell yo' now Miss, but if'n yo'll come back sometime I'll tell
+yo' de rest of de tales.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly after the above interview Uncle Dave who was failing fast was taken to
+the County Home, where he died. He was buried on May 4th, 1937, the rest of the
+tale remaining untold.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320185]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Clay Bobbit">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>459</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Clay Bobbit</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 17 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 204px;">
+<img src="images/c_bobbit.jpg" width="204" height="300" alt="c_bobbit" title="Clay Bobbit" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span>
+
+<h4>EX-SLAVE STORY</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Clay Bobbit, 100 of S. Harrington Street, Raleigh, N.C.,
+May 27, 1937.</h5>
+
+<p>I wuz borned May 2, 1837 in Warren County to Washington an' Delisia Bobbit.
+Our Marster wuz named Richard Bobbit, but we all calls him Massa Dick.</p>
+
+<p>Massa Dick ain't good ter us, an' on my arm hyar, jist above de elbow am a big
+scar dis day whar he whupped me wid a cowhide. He ain't whupped me fer nothin'
+'cept dat I is a nigger. I had a whole heap of dem whuppin's, mostly case I won't
+obey his orders an' I'se seed slaves beat 'most ter deff.</p>
+
+<p>I wuz married onct 'fore de war by de broom stick ceremony, lak all de rest of
+de slaves wuz but shucks dey sold away my wife 'fore we'd been married a year an'
+den de war come on.</p>
+
+<p>I had one brother, Henry who am wuckin' fer de city, an' one sister what wuz
+named Deliah. She been daid dese many years now.</p>
+
+<p>Massa Dick owned a powerful big plantation an' ober a hundert slaves, an' we
+wucked on short rations an' went nigh naked. We ain't gone swimmin' ner huntin'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span>
+ner nothin' an' we ain't had no pleasures 'less we runs away ter habe 'em. Eben
+when we sings we had ter turn down a pot in front of de do' ter ketch de
+noise.</p>
+
+<p>I knowed some pore white trash; our oberseer wuz one, an' de shim shams<a
+name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> wuz also nigh 'bout also. We ain't had no use fer none
+of 'em an' we shorely ain't carin' whe'her dey has no use fer us er not.</p>
+
+<p>De Ku Kluxes ain't done nothin' fer us case dar ain't many in our
+neighborhood. Yo' see de Yankees ain't come through dar, an' we is skeerd of dem
+anyhow. De white folks said dat de Yankees would kill us if'en dey ketched
+us.</p>
+
+<p>I ain't knowed nothin' 'bout de Yankees, ner de surrender so I stays on fer
+seberal months atter de wahr wuz ober, den I comes ter Raleigh an' goes ter wuck
+fer de city. I wucks fer de city fer nigh on fifty years, I reckon, an' jis'
+lately I retired.</p>
+
+<p>I'se been sick fer 'bout four months an' on, de second day of May. De day when
+I wuz a hundert years old I warn't able ter git ter de city lot, but I got a lot
+uv presents.</p>
+
+<p>Dis 'oman am my third lawful wife. I married her three years ago.<a
+name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+ <p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span
+ class="label">[3]</span></a> Shim Sham, Free Issues or Negroes of mixed
+ blood.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+ <p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span
+ class="label">[4]</span></a> The old man was too ill to walk out on the porch
+ for his picture, and his mind wandered too much to give a connected account of
+ his life.</p>
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320190]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Henry Bobbitt">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>793</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Henry Bobbitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 230px;">
+<img src="images/h_bobbit.jpg" width="230" height="300" alt="h_bobbit" title="Henry Bobbitt" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span>
+
+<h4>EX-SLAVE STORIES</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Henry Bobbitt, 87 of Raleigh, Wake County N.C. May 13, 1937
+by Mary A. Hicks.</h5>
+
+<p>I wuz borned at Warrenton in Warren County in 1850. My father wuz named
+Washington, atter General Washington an' my mamma wuz named Diasia atter a woman
+in a story. Us an' 'bout forty or fifty other slaves belonged ter Mr. Richard
+Bobbitt an' we wucked his four hundred acres o' land fer him. I jist had one
+brother named Clay, atter Henry Clay, which shows how Massa Dick voted, an'
+Delilah, which shows dat ole missus read de Bible.</p>
+
+<p>We farmed, makin' tobacco, cotton, co'n, wheat an' taters. Massa Dick had a
+whole passel o' fine horses an' our Sunday job wuz ter take care of 'em, an'
+clean up round de house. Yes mam, we wucked seben days a week, from sunup till
+sundown six days, an' from seben till three or four on a Sunday.</p>
+
+<p>We didn't have many tear-downs an' prayer meetin's an' sich, case de fuss
+sturbed ole missus who wuz kinder sickly. When we did have sompin' we turned down
+a big wash-pot in front of de do', an' it took up de fuss, an' folkses in de yard
+can't hyar de fuss. De patterollers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span> would git you iffen you went offen de premises
+widout a pass, an' dey said dat dey would beat you scandelous. I seed a feller
+dat dey beat onct an' he had scars as big as my fingers all ober his body.</p>
+
+<p>I got one whuppin' dat I 'members, an' dat wuz jist a middlin' one. De massa
+told me ter pick de cotton an' I sot down in de middle an' didn't wuck a speck.
+De oberseer come an' he frailed me wid a cotton-stalk; he wuz a heap meaner ter
+de niggers dan Massa Dick wuz. I saw some niggers what wuz beat bad, but I ain't
+neber had no bad beatin'.</p>
+
+<p>We libed in log houses wid sand floors an' stick an' dirt chimneys an' we
+warn't 'lowed ter have no gyarden, ner chickens, ner pigs. We ain't had no way o'
+makin' money an' de fun wuz only middlin'. We had ter steal what rabbits we et
+from somebody <ins class="edcorr" title="else's">elses</ins> boxes on some udder plantation, case
+de massa won't let us have none o' our own, an' we ain't had no time ter hunt ner
+fish.</p>
+
+<p>Now talkin' 'bout sompin' dat we'd git a whuppin' fer, dat wuz fer havin' a
+pencil an' a piece of paper er a slate. Iffen you jist looked lak you wanted ter
+larn ter read er write you got a lickin'.</p>
+
+<p>Dar wuz two colored women lived nigh us an' dey wuz called "free issues," but
+dey wuz really witches. I ain't really seen 'em do nothin' but I hyard a whole lot<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span>
+'bout 'em puttin' spells on folkses an' I seed tracks whar day had rid Massa
+Dick's hosses an' eber mo'nin' de hosses manes an' tails would be all twisted an'
+knotted up. I know dat dey done dat case I seed it wid my own eyes. Dey doctored
+lots of people an' our folkses ain't neber had no doctor fer nothin' dat
+happen.</p>
+
+<p>You wuz axin' 'bout de slave sales, an' I want ter tell you dat I has seen
+some real sales an' I'se seed niggers, whole bunches of' em, gwin' ter Richmond
+ter be sold. Dey wuz mostly chained, case dey wuz new ter de boss, an' he doan
+know what ter 'spect. I'se seed some real sales in Warrenton too, an' de mammies
+would be sold from deir chilluns an' dare would be a whole heap o' cryin' an'
+mou'nin' 'bout hit. I tell you folkses ain't lak dey uster be, 'specially
+niggers. Uster be when a nigger cries he whoops an' groans an' hollers an' his
+whole body rocks, an' dat am de way dey done sometime at de sales.</p>
+
+<p>Speakin' 'bout haints: I'se seed a whole lot o' things, but de worst dat eber
+happen wuz 'bout twenty years ago when a han'ts hand hit me side o' de haid. I
+bet dat hand weighed a hundred pounds an' it wuz as cold as ice. I ain't been
+able ter wuck fer seben days an' nights an' I still can't turn my haid far ter de
+left as you sees.</p>
+
+<p>I reckon 'bout de funniest thing 'bout our planta<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span>tion wuz de marryin'. A couple
+got married by sayin' dat dey wuz, but it couldn't last fer longer dan five
+years. Dat wuz so iffen one of 'em got too weakly ter have chilluns de other one
+could git him another wife or husban'.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members de day moughty well when de Yankees come. Massa Dick he walked de
+floor an' cussed Sherman fer takin' his niggers away. All o' de niggers lef', of
+course, an' me, I walked clean ter Raleigh ter find out if I wuz really free, an'
+I couldn't unnerstan' half of it.</p>
+
+<p>Well de first year I slept in folkses woodhouses an' barns an' in de woods or
+any whar else I could find. I wucked hyar an' dar, but de folkses' jist give me
+sompin' ter eat an' my clothes wuz in strings' fore de spring o' de year.</p>
+
+<p>Yo' axes me what I thinks of Massa Lincoln? Well, I thinks dat he wuz doin' de
+wust thing dat he could ter turn all dem fool niggers loose when dey ain't got no
+place ter go an' nothin' ter eat. Who helped us out den? Hit wuzn't de Yankees,
+hit wuz de white folkses what wuz left wid deir craps in de fiel's, an' wuz
+robbed by dem Yankees, ter boot. My ole massa, fur instance, wuz robbed uv his
+fine hosses an' his feed stuff an' all dem kaigs o' liquor what he done make
+hisself, sides his money an' silver.</p>
+
+<p>Slavery wuz a good thing den, but de world jist got better an' outgrowed
+it.</p>
+
+<p><small>EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320235]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Herndon Bogan">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>863</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>HERNDON BOGAN</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Herndon Bogan</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 199px;">
+<img src="images/h_bogan.jpg" width="199" height="300" alt="h_bogan" title="Herndon Bogan" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+
+<h4>HERNDON BOGAN</h4>
+
+<h4>Ex-Slave Story<br />
+An interview with Herndon Bogan, 76 (?) of State Prison, Raleigh, N.C.</h4>
+
+<p>I wus bawned in Union County, South Carolina on de plantation o' Doctor Bogan,
+who owned both my mammy Issia, an' my pap Edwin. Dar wus six o' us chilluns;
+Clara, Lula, Joe, Tux, Mack an' me.</p>
+
+<p>I doan' member much 'bout slavery days 'cept dat my white folkses wus good ter
+us. Dar wus a heap o' slaves, maybe a hundert an' fifty. I 'members dat we wucked
+hard, but we had plenty ter eat an' w'ar, eben iffen we did w'ar wood shoes.</p>
+
+<p>I kin barely recolleck 'fore de war dat I'se seed a heap o' cocks fightin' in
+pits an' a heap o' horse racin'. When de marster winned he 'ud give us niggers a
+big dinner or a dance, but if he lost, oh!</p>
+
+<p>My daddy wus gived ter de doctor when de doctor wus married an' dey shore
+loved each other. One day marster, he comes in an' he sez dat de Yankees am
+aimin' ter try ter take his niggers way from him, but dat dey am gwine ter ketch
+hell while dey does hit. When he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> sez dat he starts ter walkin' de flo'. 'I'se
+gwine ter leave yore missus in yore keer, Edwin,' he sez.</p>
+
+<p>But pa 'lows, 'Wid all respec' fer yore wife sar, she am a Yankee too, an' I'd
+ruther go wid you ter de war. Please sar, massa, let me go wid you ter fight dem
+Yanks.'</p>
+
+<p>At fust massa 'fuses, den he sez, 'All right.' So off dey goes ter de war,
+massa on a big hoss, an' my pap on a strong mule 'long wid de blankets an'
+things.</p>
+
+<p>Dey tells me dat ole massa got shot one night, an' dat pap grabs de gun 'fore
+hit hits de earth an' lets de Yanks have hit.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members dat dem wus bad days fer South Carolina, we gived all o' de food
+ter de soldiers, an' missus, eben do' she has got some Yankee folks in de war,
+l'arns ter eat cabbages an' kush an' berries.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members dat on de day of de surrender, leastways de day dat we hyard 'bout
+hit, up comes a Yankee an' axes ter see my missus. I is shakin', I is dat skeerd,
+but I bucks up an' I tells him dat my missus doan want ter see no blue coat.</p>
+
+<p>He grins, an' tells me ter skedaddle, an' 'bout den my missus comes out an' so
+help me iffen she doan hug dat dratted Yank. Atter awhile I gathers dat he's her
+brother, but at fust I ain't seed no sense in her cryin'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span> an' sayin' 'thank God', over
+an' over.</p>
+
+<p>Well sar, de massa an' pap what had gone off mad an' healthy an' ridin' fine
+beastes comes back walkin' an' dey looked sick. Massa am white as cotton, an' so
+help me, iffen my pap, who wuz black as sin, ain't pale too.</p>
+
+<p>Atter a few years I goes ter wuck in Spartanburg as a houseboy, den I gits a
+job wid de Southern Railroad an' I goes ter Charlotte ter night-watch de
+tracks.</p>
+
+<p>I stays dar eighteen years, but one night I kills a white hobo who am tryin'
+ter rob me o' my gol' watch an' chain, an' dey gives me eighteen months. I'se
+been hyar six already. He wus a white man, an' jist a boy, an' I is sorry, but I
+comes hyar anyhow.</p>
+
+<p>I hyard a ole 'oman in Charlotte tell onct 'bout witchin' in slavery times,
+dar in Mecklenburg County. She wus roun' ninety, so I reckon she knows. She said
+dat iffen anybody wanted ter be a witch he would draw a circle on de groun' jist
+at de aidge o' dark an' git in de circle an' squat down.</p>
+
+<p>Dar he had ter set an' talk ter de debil, an' he mus' say, 'I will have
+nothin' ter do wid 'ligion, an' I wants you ter make me a witch.' Atter day he
+mus' bile a black cat, a bat an' a bunch of herbs an' drink de soup, den he wuz
+really a witch.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When you wanted ter witch somebody, she said dat you could take dat stuff,
+jist a little bit of hit an' put hit under dat puson's doorsteps an' dey'd be
+sick.</p>
+
+<p>You could go thru' de key hole or down de chimney or through de chinks in a
+log house, an' you could ride a puson jist lak ridin' a hoss. Dat puson can keep
+you outen his house by layin' de broom 'fore de do' an' puttin' a pin cushion
+full of pins side of de bed do', iffen he's a mind to.</p>
+
+<p>Dat puson can kill you too, by drawin' yore pitcher an' shootin' hit in de
+haid or de heart too.</p>
+
+<p>Dar's a heap o' ways ter tell fortunes dat she done tol' me but I'se done
+forgot now 'cept coffee groun's an' a little of de others. You can't tell hit wid
+'em do', case hit takes knowin' how, hit shore does.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320022]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Andrew Boone">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1,741</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>ANDREW BOONE</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Andrew Boone</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"OCT 23 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span>
+
+<h4>ANDREW BOONE</h4>
+
+<h5>age 90 years.<br />
+Wake County, North Carolina. Harris Farm.</h5>
+
+<p>I been living in dese backer barns fifteen years. I built this little shelter
+to cook under. Dey cut me off the WPA cause dey said I wus too ole to work. Dey
+tole us ole folks we need not put down our walkin' sticks to git work cause dey
+jes' won't goin' to put us on.</p>
+
+<p>Well, I had some tomatoes cooked widout any grease for my breakfast. I had a
+loaf of bread yesterday, but I et it. I ain't got any check from the ole age
+pension an' I have nothin' to eat an' I am hongry. I jes' looks to God. I set
+down by de road thinkin' bout how to turn an' what to do to git a meal, when you
+cum along. I thanks you fer dis dime. I guess God made you give it to me.</p>
+
+<p>I wus glad to take you down to my livin' place to give you my story. Dis
+shelter, an ole tobacco barn, is better dan no home at all. I is a man to myself
+an' I enjoy livin' out here if I could git enough to eat.</p>
+
+<p>Well de big show is coming to town. It's de Devil's wurk. Yes sir, it's de
+Devil's wurk. Why dem<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span> show folks ken make snakes an' make 'em crawl too. Dere wus one
+in Watson Field in de edge of Raleigh not long ago an' he made snakes an' made
+'em crawl too. All shows is de Devil's wurk.</p>
+
+<p>I never done anything fer myself in all my life. I always wurked fer de
+Rebels. I stuck right to 'em. Didn't have no sense fer doin' dat I guess.</p>
+
+<p>One time a Rebel saw a Yankee wid one eye, one leg an' one arm. De Yankee wus
+beggin'. De Rebel went up to him an' give him a quarter. Den he backed off an'
+jes' stood a-lookin' at de Yankee, presently he went back an' give him anudder
+quarter, den anudder, den he said, 'You take dis whole dollar, you is de first
+Yankee I eber seed trimmed up jes' to my notion, so take all dis, jes' take de
+whole dollar, you is trimmed up to my notion'.</p>
+
+<p>I belonged to Billy Boone in Slavery time. He wus a preacher. He lived on an'
+owned a plantation in Northampton County. The plantation wus near woodland. The
+nearest river to the place wus the Roanoke. My ole missus' name wus Nancy. When
+ole marster died I stayed around wid fust one then another of the chilluns, cause
+marster tole me jes' fore he died fer me to stay wid any of 'em I wanted to stay
+with. All dem ole people done dead an' gone on.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Niggers had to go through thick an' thin in slavery time, with rough rations
+most of de time, wid jes' enough clothin' to make out wid. Our houses were built
+of logs an' covered wid slabs. Dey wus rived out of blocks of trees about 3-6 and
+8ft in length. De chimleys wus built of sticks and mud, den a coat of clay mud
+daubed over 'em. De cracks in de slave houses wus daubed wid mud too.</p>
+
+<p>We wurked from sun to sun. If we had a fire in cold weather where we wus
+wurkin' marster or de overseer would come an' put it out. We et frozen meat an'
+bread many times in cold weather. After de day's wurk in de fields wus over we
+had a task of pickin' de seed from cotton till we had two ounces of lint or spin
+two ounces of cotton on a spinnin' wheel. I spun cotton on a spinnin' wheel. Dats
+de way people got clothes in slavery time.</p>
+
+<p>I can't read an' write but dey learned us to count. Dey learned us to count
+dis way. 'Ought is an' ought, an' a figger is a figger, all for de white man an'
+nothin' fer de nigger'. Hain't you heard people count dat way?</p>
+
+<p>Dey sold slaves jes' like people sell hosses now. I saw a lot of slaves sold
+on de auction block. Dey would strip 'em stark naked. A nigger scarred up or
+whaled an' welted up wus considered a bad nigger an' did not bring much. If his
+body wus not scarred,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span> he brought a good price. I saw a lot of slaves whupped an' I was
+whupped myself. Dey whupped me wid de cat o' nine tails. It had nine lashes on
+it. Some of de slaves wus whupped wid a cabbin paddle. Dey had forty holes in' em
+an' when you wus buckled to a barrel dey hit your naked flesh wid de paddle an'
+every whur dere wus a hole in de paddle it drawed a blister. When de whuppin' wid
+de paddle wus over, dey took de cat o' nine tails an' busted de blisters. By dis
+time de blood sometimes would be runnin' down dere heels. Den de next thing wus a
+wash in salt water strong enough to hold up an egg. Slaves wus punished dat way
+fer runnin' away an' sich.</p>
+
+<p>If you wus out widout a pass dey would shore git you. De paterollers shore
+looked after you. Dey would come to de house at night to see who wus there. If
+you wus out of place, dey would wear you out.</p>
+
+<p>Sam Joyner, a slave, belonged to marster. He wus runnin' from de paterollers
+an' he fell in a ole well. De pateroller went after marster. Marster tole' em to
+git ole Sam out an' whup him jes' as much as dey wanted to. Dey got him out of de
+well an' he wus all wet an' muddy. Sam began takin' off his shoes, den he took
+off his pants an' got in his shirt tail. Marster, he say,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span> 'What you takin' off you
+clothes fer Sam?' Sam, he say, 'Marster, you know you all can't whup dis nigger
+right over all dese wet clothes.' Den Sam lit out. He run so fas' he nearly flew.
+De paterollers got on dere hosses an' run him but dey could not ketch him. He got
+away. Marster got Sam's clothes an' carried 'em to de house. Sam slipped up next
+morning put his clothes on an' marster said no more about it.</p>
+
+<p>I wus a great big boy when de Yankees come through. I wus drivin' a two mule
+team an' doin' other wurk on de farm. I drove a two hoss wagon when dey carried
+slaves to market. I went to a lot of different places.</p>
+
+<p>My marster wus a preacher, Billy Boone. He sold an' bought niggers. He had
+fifty or more. He wurked the grown niggers in two squads. My father wus named
+Isham Boone and my mother wus Sarah Boone. Marster Boone whupped wid de cobbin
+paddle an' de cat o' nine tails an' used the salt bath an' dat wus 'nough. Plenty
+besides him whupped dat way.</p>
+
+<p>Marster had one son, named Solomon, an' two girls, Elsie an' Alice. My mother
+had four children, three boys an' one girl. The boys were named Sam, Walter and
+Andrew, dats me, an' de girl wus Cherry.</p>
+
+<p>My father had several children cause he had several women besides mother.
+Mollie and Lila Lassiter, two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span> sisters, were also his women. Dese women wus
+given to him an' no udder man wus allowed to have anything to do wid 'em. Mollie
+an' Lila both had chilluns by him. Dere names wus Jim, Mollie, Liza, Rosa, Pete
+an' I can't remember no more of 'em.</p>
+
+<p>De Yankees took jes' what dey wanted an' nothin' stopped 'em, cause de
+surrender had come. Before de surrender de slave owners begun to scatter de
+slaves 'bout from place to place to keep de Yankees from gittin' 'em. If de
+Yankees took a place de slaves nearby wus moved to a place further off.</p>
+
+<p>All I done wus fer de Rebels. I wus wid 'em an' I jes' done what I wus tole. I
+wus afraid of de Yankees 'cause de Rebels had told us dat de Yankees would kill
+us. Dey tole us dat de Yankees would bore holes in our shoulders an' wurk us to
+carts. Dey tole us we would be treated a lot worser den dey wus treating us.
+Well, de Yankees got here but they treated us fine. Den a story went round an'
+round dat de marster would have to give de slaves a mule an' a year's provisions
+an' some lan', about forty acres, but dat was not so. Dey nebber did give us
+anything. When de war ended an' we wus tole we wus free, we stayed on wid marster
+cause we had nothin' an' nowhere<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span> to go.</p>
+
+<p>We moved about from farm to farm. Mother died an' father married Maria Edwards
+after de surrender. He did not live wid any of his other slave wives dat I knows
+of.</p>
+
+<p>I have wurked as a han' on de farm most of de time since de surrender and
+daddy worked most of de time as a han', but he had gardens an' patches most
+everywhere he wurked. I wurked in New York City for fifteen years with Crawford
+and Banhay in de show business. I advertised for 'em. I dressed in a white suit,
+white shirt, an' white straw hat, and wore tan shoes. I had to be a purty boy. I
+had to have my shoes shined twice a day. I lived at 18 Manilla Lane, New York
+City. It is between McDougall Street and 6th Avenue. I married Clara Taylor in
+New York City. We had two children. The oldest one lives in New York. The other
+died an' is buried in Raleigh.</p>
+
+<p>In slavery time they kept you down an' you had to wurk, now I can't wurk, an'
+I am still down. Not allowed to wurk an' still down. It's all hard, slavery and
+freedom, both bad when you can't eat. The ole bees makes de honey comb, the young
+bee makes de honey, niggers makes de cotton an' corn an' de white folks gets de
+money. Dis wus de case in Slavery time an' its de case now. De nigger do mos' de
+hard wurk on de farms now, and de white folks still git de money dat de nigger's
+labor makes.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320002]</div>
+<b>STATE EDITORIAL IDENTIFICATION FORM</b><br />
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="W. L. Bost">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>STATE:</b></td><td align='left'><b>North Carolina</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>RECEIVED FROM:</b></td><td align='left'><b>(State office) Asheville</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>MS:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Interview with W. L. Bost, Ex-Slave.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>WORDS:</b></td><td align='left'><b>2000</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>DATE:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Sept. 27, 1937</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 232px;">
+<img src="images/w_bost.jpg" width="232" height="300" alt="w_bost" title="W. L. Bost" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span>
+
+<h4>Interview with W. L. Bost, Ex-slave</h4>
+<span class="hw">88 years</span>
+
+<h5>63 Curve Street,<br />
+Asheville, N.C.<br />
+By&mdash;Marjorie Jones</h5>
+
+<p>My Massa's name was Jonas Bost. He had a hotel in Newton, North Carolina. My
+mother and grandmother both belonged to the Bost family. My ole Massa had two
+large plantations one about three miles from Newton and another four miles away.
+It took a lot of niggers to keep the work a goin' on them both. The women folks
+had to work in the hotel and in the big house in town. Ole Missus she was a good
+woman. She never allowed the Massa to buy or sell any slaves. There never was an
+overseer on the whole plantation. The oldest colored man always looked after the
+niggers. We niggers lived better than the niggers on the other plantations.</p>
+
+<p>Lord child, I remember when I was a little boy, 'bout ten years, the
+speculators come through Newton with droves of slaves. They always stay at our
+place. The poor critters nearly froze to death. They always come 'long on the
+last of December so that the niggers would be ready for sale on the first day of
+January. Many the time I see four or five of them chained together. They never
+had enough clothes on to keep a cat warm. The women never wore anything but a
+thin dress and a petticoat and one underwear. I've seen the ice balls hangin' on
+to the bottom of their dresses as they ran along, jes like sheep in a pasture
+'fore they are sheared. They never wore any shoes. Jes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span> run along on the ground, all
+spewed up with ice. The speculators always rode on horses and drove the pore
+niggers. When they get cold, they make 'em run 'til they are warm again.</p>
+
+<p>The speculators stayed in the hotel and put the niggers in the quarters jes
+like droves of hogs. All through the night I could hear them mournin' and
+prayin'. I didn't know the Lord would let people live who were so cruel. The
+gates were always locked and they was a guard on the outside to shoot anyone who
+tried to run away. Lord miss, them slaves look jes like droves of turkeys runnin'
+along in front of them horses.</p>
+
+<p>I remember when they put 'em on the block to sell 'em. The ones 'tween 18 and
+30 always bring the most money. The auctioneer he stand off at a distance and cry
+'em off as they stand on the block. I can hear his voice as long as I live.</p>
+
+<p>If the one they going to sell was a young Negro man this is what he say: "Now
+gentlemen and fellow-citizens here is a big black buck Negro. He's stout as a
+mule. Good for any kin' o' work an' he never gives any trouble. How much am I
+offered for him?" And then the sale would commence, and the nigger would be sold
+to the highest bidder.</p>
+
+<p>If they put up a young nigger woman the auctioneer cry out: "Here's a young
+nigger wench, how much am I offered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span> for her?" The pore thing stand on the block a
+shiverin' an' a shakin' nearly froze to death. When they sold many of the pore
+mothers beg the speculators to sell 'em with their husbands, but the speculator
+only take what he want. So meybe the pore thing never see her husban' agin.</p>
+
+<p>Ole' Massa always see that we get plenty to eat. O' course it was no fancy
+rashions. Jes corn bread, milk, fat meat, and 'lasses but the Lord knows that was
+lots more than other pore niggers got. Some of them had such bad masters.</p>
+
+<p>Us pore niggers never 'lowed to learn anything. All the readin' they ever hear
+was when they was carried through the big Bible. The Massa say that keep the
+slaves in they places. They was one nigger boy in Newton who was terrible smart.
+He learn to read an' write. He take other colored children out in the fields and
+teach 'em about the Bible, but they forgit it 'fore the nex' Sunday.</p>
+
+<p>Then the paddyrollers they keep close watch on the pore niggers so they have
+no chance to do anything or go anywhere. They jes' like policemen, only worser.
+'Cause they never let the niggers go anywhere without a pass from his master. If
+you wasn't in your proper place when the paddyrollers come they lash you til' you
+was black and blue. The women got 15 lashes and the men 30. That is for jes bein'
+out without a pass. If the nigger done anything worse he was taken to the jail
+and put in the whippin' post. They was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span> two holes cut for the arms stretch up in the
+air and a block to put your feet in, then they whip you with cowhide whip. An'
+the clothes shore never get any of them licks.</p>
+
+<p>I remember how they kill one nigger whippin' him with the bull whip. Many the
+pore nigger nearly killed with the bull whip. But this one die. He was a stubborn
+Negro and didn't do as much work as his Massa thought he ought to. He been lashed
+lot before. So they take him to the whippin' post, and then they strip his
+clothes off and then the man stan' off and cut him with the whip. His back was
+cut all to pieces. The cuts about half inch apart. Then after they whip him they
+tie him down and put salt on him. Then after he lie in the sun awhile they whip
+him agin. But when they finish with him he was dead.</p>
+
+<p>Plenty of the colored women have children by the white men. She know better
+than to not do what he say. Didn't have much of that until the men from South
+Carolina come up here and settle and bring slaves. Then they take them very same
+children what have they own blood and make slaves out of them. If the Missus find
+out she raise revolution. But she hardly find out. The white men not going to
+tell and the nigger women were always afraid to. So they jes go on hopin' that
+thing won't be that way always.</p>
+
+<p>I remember how the driver, he was the man who did most of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> the
+whippin', use to whip some of the niggers. He would tie their hands together and
+then put their hands down over their knees, then take a stick and stick it 'tween
+they hands and knees. Then when he take hold of them and beat 'em first on one
+side then on the other.</p>
+
+<p>Us niggers never have chance to go to Sunday School and church. The white
+folks feared for niggers to get any religion and education, but I reckon
+somethin' inside jes told us about God and that there was a better place
+hereafter. We would sneak off and have prayer meetin'. Sometimes the paddyrollers
+catch us and beat us good but that didn't keep us from tryin'. I remember one old
+song we use to sing when we meet down in the woods back of the barn. My mother
+she sing an' pray to the Lord to deliver us out o' slavery. She always say she
+thankful she was never sold from her children, and that our Massa not so mean as
+some of the others. But the old song it went something like this:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"Oh, mother lets go down, lets go down, lets go down, lets go down.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Oh, mother lets go down, down in the valley to pray.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">As I went down in the valley to pray<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Studyin' about that good ole way<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Who shall wear that starry crown.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Good Lord show me the way."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Then the other part was just like that except it said 'father'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> instead of
+'mother', and then 'sister' and then 'brother'.</p>
+
+<p>Then they sing sometime:</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i2">"We camp a while in the wilderness, in the wilderness, in the wilderness.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">We camp a while in the wilderness, where the Lord makes me happy<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And then I'm a goin' home."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>I don't remember much about the war. There was no fightin' done in Newton. Jes
+a skirmish or two. Most of the people get everything jes ready to run when the
+Yankee sojers come through the town. This was toward the las' of the war. Cose
+the niggers knew what all the fightin' was about, but they didn't dare say
+anything. The man who owned the slaves was too mad as it was, and if the niggers
+say anything they get shot right then and thar. The sojers tell us after the war
+that we get food, clothes, and wages from our Massas else we leave. But they was
+very few that ever got anything. Our ole Massa say he not gwine pay us anything,
+corse his money was no good, but he wouldn't pay us if it had been.</p>
+
+<p>Then the Ku Klux Klan come 'long. They were terrible dangerous. They wear long
+gowns, touch the ground. They ride horses through the town at night and if they
+find a Negro that tries to get nervy or have a little bit for himself, they lash
+him nearly to death and gag him and leave him to do the bes' he can. Some time
+they put sticks in the top of the tall thing they wear and then put an extra head
+up there with scary eyes and great big<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span> mouth, then they stick it clear up in the air
+to scare the poor Negroes to death.</p>
+
+<p>They had another thing they call the 'Donkey Devil' that was jes as bad. They
+take the skin of a donkey and get inside of it and run after the pore Negroes.
+Oh, Miss them was bad times, them was bad times. I know folks think the books
+tell the truth, but they shore don't. Us pore niggers had to take it all.</p>
+
+<p>Then after the war was over we was afraid to move. Jes like tarpins or turtles
+after 'mancipation. Jes stick our heads out to see how the land lay. My mammy
+stay with Marse Jonah for 'bout a year after freedom then ole Solomon Hall made
+her an offer. Ole man Hall was a good man if there ever was one. He freed all of
+his slaves about two years 'fore 'mancipation and gave each of them so much money
+when he died, that is he put that in his will. But when he die his sons and
+daughters never give anything to the pore Negroes. My mother went to live on the
+place belongin' to the nephew of Solomon Hall. All of her six children went with
+her. Mother she cook for the white folks an' the children make crop. When the
+first year was up us children got the first money we had in our lives. My mother
+certainly was happy.</p>
+
+<p>We live on this place for over four years. When I was 'bout twenty year old I
+married a girl from West Virginia but she didn't live but jes 'bout a year. I
+stayed down there for a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span> year or so and then I met Mamie. We came here and both of us went
+to work, we work at the same place. We bought this little piece of ground 'bout
+forty-two years ago. We gave $125 for it. We had to buy the lumber to build the
+house a little at a time but finally we got the house done. Its been a good home
+for us and the children. We have two daughters and one adopted son. Both of the
+girls are good cooks. One of them lives in New Jersey and cooks in a big hotel.
+She and her husband come to see us about once a year. The other one is in
+Philadelphia. They both have plenty. But the adopted boy, he was part white. We
+took him when he was a small and did the best we could by him. He never did like
+to 'sociate with colored people. I remember one time when he was a small child I
+took him to town and the conductor made me put him in the front of the street car
+cause he thought I was just caring for him and that he was a white boy. Well, we
+sent him to school until he finished. Then he joined the navy. I ain't seem him
+in several years. The last letter I got from him he say he ain't spoke to a
+colored girl since he has been there. This made me mad so I took his insurance
+policy and cashed it. I didn't want nothin' to do with him, if he deny his own
+color.</p>
+
+<p>Very few of the Negroes ever get anywhere; they never have no education. I
+knew one Negro who got to be a policeman in Salisbury once and he was a good one
+too. When my next birthday comes in December I will be eighty-eight years old.
+That is if the Lord lets me live and I shore hope He does.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320279]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Mary Wallace Bowe">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 3</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Travis Jordan</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1384</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary Wallace Bowe</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-slave 81 Years</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Durham County Home</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Durham, N.C.</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="hw">Lovely story about Abraham Lincoln</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="trans-note">
+ <sub>[TR: This interview was heavily corrected by hand. i.e. wuz to was, er to
+ a, etc. Changes made without comment.]</sub>
+</div>
+
+<h4>MARY WALLACE BOWE</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-slave 81 years</h5>
+
+<p>My name is Mary Wallace Bowe. I was nine years ole at de surrender.</p>
+
+<p>My mammy an' pappy, Susan an' Lillman Graves, first belonged to Marse Fountain
+an' Mis' Fanny Tu'berville, but Marse Fountain sold me, my mammy an' my brother
+George to Mis' Fanny's sister, Mis' Virginia Graves. Mis' Virginia's husban' was
+Marse Doctor Graves. Dey lived on de ole Elijah Graves estate not far from Marse
+Fountain's plantation here in Durham county, an' Mis' Virginia an' Mis' Fanny
+seed each other near 'bout every day.</p>
+
+<p>I was little when Marse Fountain an' Marse Doctor went to de war but I
+remembers it. I remembers it kaze Mis' Fanny stood on de po'ch smilin' an' wavin'
+at Marse Fountain 'til he went 'roun' de curve in de road, den she fell to de
+floor like she was dead. I thought she was dead 'till Mis' Virginia th'owed some
+water in her face an' she opened her eyes.</p>
+
+<p>De nex day Mis' Virginia took me an' mammy an' we all went over an' stayed wid
+Mis' Fanny kaze she was skeered, an' so dey'd be company for each other. Mammy
+waited on Mis' Virginia an' he'ped Surella Tu'berville, Mis' Fanny's house girl,
+sweep an' make up de beds an' things. I was little but mammy made me work. I
+shook de rugs, brung in de kindlin' an run 'roun' waitin' on Mis' Virginia an'
+Mis' Fanny, doin' things like totin' dey basket of keys, bringin' dey shawls and
+such as dat. Dey was all de time talkin' about de folks fightin' an' what dey
+would do if de Yankees come.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Every time dey talk Mis' Fanny set an' twist her han's an' say: "What is we
+gwine do, Sister, what is we gwine do?"</p>
+
+<p>Mis' Virginia try to pacify Mis' Fanny. She say, 'Don' yo' worry none, Honey,
+I'll fix dem Yankees when dey come.' Den she set her mouf. When she done dat I
+run an' hid behin' Mis' Fanny's chair kaze I done seed Mis' Virginia set her mouf
+befo' an' I knowed she meant biznes'.</p>
+
+<p>I didn' have sense enough to be skeered den kaze I hadn' never seed no Yankee
+sojers, but 'twaren't long befo' I wuz skeered. De Yankees come one mornin', an'
+dey ripped, Oh, Lawd, how dey did rip. When dey rode up to de gate an' come
+stompin' to de house, Mis' Fanny 'gun to cry. 'Tell dem somethin', Sister, tell
+dem somethin'; she tole Mis' Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Mis' Virginia she ain' done no cryin'. When she seed dem Yankees comin' 'cross
+de hill, she run 'roun' an' got all de jewelry. She took off de rings an' pins
+she an' Mis' Fanny had on an' she got all de things out of de jewelry box an'
+give dem to pappy. "Hide dem, Lillmam" she tole pappy, 'hide dem some place whare
+dem thieves won't find dem'.</p>
+
+<p>Pappy had on high top boots. He didn' do nothin but stuff all dat jewelry
+right down in dem boots, den he strutted all' roun' dem Yankees laughin' to
+heself. Dey cussed when dey couldn' fin' no jewelry a tall. Dey didn' fin' no
+silver neither kaze us niggers done he'p Mis' Fanny an' Mis' Virginia hide dat.
+We done toted it all down to de cottin gin house an' hid it in de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> loose cotton
+piled on de floor. When dey couldn' fin' nothin' a big sojer went up to Mis'
+Virginia who wuz standin' in de hall. He look at her an' say: 'Yo's skeered of
+me, ain' yo'?'</p>
+
+<p>Mis' Virginia ain' batted no eye yet. She tole him, "If I was gwine to be
+skeered, I'd be skeered of somethin'. I sho ain' of no ugly, braggin'
+Yankee."</p>
+
+<p>De man tu'ned red an he say: "If you don' tell me where you done hide dat
+silver I'se gwine to make' you skeered."</p>
+
+<p>Mis' Virginia's chin went up higher. She set her mouf an' look at dat sojer
+twell he drap his eyes. Den she tole him dat some folks done come an' got de
+silver, dat dey done toted it off. She didn' tell him dat it wuz us niggers dat
+done toted it down to de cotton gin house.</p>
+
+<p>In dem days dey wuz peddlers gwine 'roun' de country sellin' things. Dey toted
+big packs on dey backs filled wid everythin' from needles an' thimbles to bed
+spreads an' fryin' pans. One day a peddler stopped at Mis' Fanny's house. He was
+de uglies' man I ever seed. He was tall an' bony wid black whiskers an' black
+bushy hair an' curious eyes dat set way back in his head. Dey was dark an' look
+like a dog's eyes after you done hit him. He set down on de po'ch an' opened his
+pack, an' it was so hot an' he looked so tired, dat Mis' Fanny give him er cool
+drink of milk dat done been settin' in de spring house. All de time Mis' Fanny
+was lookin' at de things in de pack an' buyin', de man kept up a runnin' talk. He
+ask her how many niggers dey had; how many men<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> dey had fightin' on de
+'Federate side, an' what wuz was she gwine do if de niggers wuz was set free. Den
+he ask her if she knowed Mistah Abraham Lincoln.</p>
+
+<p>'Bout dat time Mis' Virginia come to de door an' heard what he said. She blaze
+up like a lightwood fire an' told dat peddler dat dey didn't want to know nothin'
+'bout Mistah Lincoln; dat dey knowed too much already, an' dat his name <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: wasn't"> wuzn</ins>
+'lowed called in <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: her">dat</ins> house. Den she say he <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: wasn't">wuzn</ins>
+nothin' but a black debil messin' in other folks <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: business">biznes'</ins>, an' dat
+she'd shoot him on sight if she had half a chance.</p>
+
+<p>De man laughed. "Maybe <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: Mr. Lincoln">he</ins>
+ain't so bad,' he told her. Den he packed his pack an' went off down de road, an'
+Mis' Virginia watched him 'till he went out of sight 'roun' de bend."</p>
+
+<p>Two or three weeks later Mis' Fanny got a letter. De letter was from dat
+peddler. He tole her dat he was Abraham Lincoln hese'f; dat he wuz peddlin' over
+de country as a spy, an' he thanked her for de res' on her shady po'ch an' de
+cool glass of milk she give him.</p>
+
+<p>When dat letter come Mis' Virginia got so hoppin' mad dat she took all de
+stuff Mis' Fanny done bought from Mistah Lincoln an' made us niggers burn it on
+de ash pile. Den she made pappy rake up de ashes an' th'ow dem in de creek.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320148]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Lucy Brown">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>377</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave Recollections</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Lucy Brown</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 7 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>EX-SLAVE RECOLLECTIONS</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Lucy Brown of Hecktown, Durham, Durham County, May 20,
+1937. She does not know her age.</h5>
+
+<p>I wuz jist a little thing when de war wuz over an' I doan 'member much ter
+tell yo'. Mostly what I does know I hyard my mammy tell it.</p>
+
+<p>We belonged to John Neal of Person County. I doan know who my pappy wuz, but
+my mammy wuz named Rosseta an' her mammy's name 'fore her wuz Rosseta. I had one
+sister named Jenny an' one brother named Ben.</p>
+
+<p>De marster wuz good ter us, in a way, but he ain't 'lowin' no kinds of
+frolickin' so when we had a meetin' we had ter do it secret. We'd turn down a
+wash pot outside de do', an' dat would ketch de fuss so marster neber knowed
+nothin' 'bout hit.</p>
+
+<p>On Sundays we went ter church at de same place de white folkses did. De white
+folkses rid an' de niggers walked, but eben do' we wored wooden bottomed shoes we
+wuz proud an' mostly happy. We had good clothes an' food an' not much abuse. I
+doan know de number of slaves, I wuz so little.</p>
+
+<p>My mammy said dat slavery wuz a whole lot <ins class="edcorr" title="HW
+correction: wusser">wuser</ins> 'fore I could 'member. She tol' me how some of de
+slaves had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span> dere babies in de fiel's lak de cows done, an' she said dat 'fore
+de babies wuz borned dey tied de mammy down on her face if'en dey had ter whup
+her ter keep from ruinin' de baby.</p>
+
+<p>She said dat dar wuz ghostes an' some witches back den, but I doan know
+nothin' 'bout dem things.</p>
+
+<p>Naw. I can't tell yo' my age but I will tell yo' dat eber'body what lives in
+dis block am either my chile or gran'chile. I can't tell yo' prexackly how many
+dar is o' 'em, but I will tell you dat my younges' chile's baby am fourteen years
+old, an' dat she's got fourteen <ins class="edcorr" title="HW
+correction: youngun's">youngin's </ins>, one a year jist lak I had till I had sixteen.</p>
+
+<p>I'se belonged ter de church since I wuz a baby an' I tells dem eber'day dat
+dey shore will miss me when I'se gone.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320115]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Midge Burnett">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>462</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>PLANTATION LIFE IN GEORGIA</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Reference:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Midge Burnett</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>George L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 6 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>PLANTATION LIFE IN GEORGIA</h4>
+
+<h4>An interview with Midge Burnett, 80 years old, of 1300 S. Bloodworth Street,
+Raleigh, North Carolina.</h4>
+
+<p>I wus borned in Georgia eighty years ago, de son of Jim an' Henretta Burnett
+an' de slave of Marse William Joyner.</p>
+
+<p>I wurked on de farm durin' slavery times, among de cotton, corn, an' sugar
+cane. De wurk wusn't so hard an' we had plenty of time ter have fun an' ter git
+inter meanness, dat's why Marse William had ter have so many patterollers on de
+place.</p>
+
+<p>Marse William had near three hundret slaves an' he kept seben patterollers ter
+keep things goin' eben. De slaves ain't run away. Naw sir, dey ain't, dey knows
+good things when dey sees dem an' dey ain't leavin' dem nother. De only trouble
+wus dat dey wus crazy 'bout good times an' dey'd shoot craps er bust.</p>
+
+<p>De patterollers 'ud watch all de paths leadin' frum de plantation an' when dey
+ketched a nigger leavin' dey whupped him an' run him home. As I said de
+patterollers watched all paths, but dar wus a number of little paths what run
+through de woods dat nobody ain't watched case dey ain't knowed dat de paths wus
+dar.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On moonlight nights yo' could hear a heap of voices an' when yo' peep ober de
+dike dar am a gang of niggers a-shootin' craps an' bettin' eber'thing dey has
+stold frum de plantation. Sometimes a pretty yaller gal er a fat black gal would
+be dar, but mostly hit would be jist men.</p>
+
+<p>Dar wus a ribber nearby de plantation an' we niggers swum dar ever' Sadday an'
+we fished dar a heap too. We ketched a big mess of fish ever' week an' dese come
+in good an' helped ter save rations ter boot. Dat's what Marse William said, an'
+he believed in havin' a good time too.</p>
+
+<p>We had square dances dat las' all night on holidays an' we had a Christmas
+tree an' a Easter egg hunt an' all dat, case Marse William intended ter make us a
+civilized bunch of blacks.</p>
+
+<p>Marse William ain't eber hit one of us a single lick till de day when we heard
+dat de Yankees wus a-comin'. One big nigger jumps up an' squalls, 'Lawd bless de
+Yankees'.</p>
+
+<p>Marse yells back, 'God damn de Yankees', an' he slaps big Mose a sumerset
+right outen de do'. Nobody else wanted ter git slapped soe ever'body got outen
+dar in a hurry an' nobody else dasen't say Yankees ter de marster.</p>
+
+<p>Eben when somebody seed de Yankees comin' Mose wont go tell de' marster 'bout
+hit, but when Marster William wus hilt tight twixt two of dem big husky Yankees
+he cussed 'em<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span> as hard as he can. Dey carries him off an' dey put him in de jail
+at Atlanta an' dey keeps him fer a long time.</p>
+
+<p>Atter de surrender we left dar an' we moves ter Star, South Carolina, whar I
+still wurks 'roun' on de farm. I stayed on dar' till fifty years ago when I
+married Roberta Thomas an' we moved ter Raliegh. We have five chilluns an' we's
+moughty proud of 'em, but since I had de stroke we has been farin' bad, an' I'se
+hopin' ter git my ole aged pension.</p>
+
+<p><small>EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320274]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Fanny Cannady">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 3</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Travis Jordan</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>[TR Added: 1,444</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Fanny Cannady</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave 79 Years</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Durham County</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span>
+
+<h4>FANNY CANNADY</h4>
+
+<h5>EX-SLAVE 79 years</h5>
+
+<p>I don' 'member much 'bout de sojers an' de fightin' in de war kaze I wuzn'
+much more den six years ole at de surrender, but I do 'member how Marse Jordan
+Moss shot Leonard Allen, one of his slaves. I ain't never forgot dat.</p>
+
+<p>My mammy an' pappy, Silo an' Fanny Moss belonged to Marse Jordan an' Mis'
+Sally Moss. Dey had 'bout three hundred niggahs an' mos' of dem worked in de
+cotton fields.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Jordan wuz hard on his niggahs. He worked dem over time an' didn' give
+den enough to eat. Dey didn' have good clothes neither an' dey shoes wuz made out
+of wood. He had 'bout a dozen niggahs dat didn' do nothin' else but make wooden
+shoes for de slaves. De chillun didn' have no shoes a tall; dey went barefooted
+in de snow an' ice same as 'twuz summer time. I never had no shoes on my feets
+'twell I wuz pas' ten years ole, an' dat wuz after de Yankees done set us
+free.</p>
+
+<p>I wuz skeered of Marse Jordan, an' all of de grown niggahs wuz too 'cept
+Leonard an' Burrus Allen. Dem niggahs wuzn' skeered of nothin'. If de debil
+hese'f had come an' shook er stick at dem dey'd hit him back. Leonard wuz er big
+black buck niggah; he wuz de bigges niggah I ever seed, an' Burrus wuz near 'bout
+as big, an' dey 'spized Marse Jordan wus'n pizen.</p>
+
+<p>I wuz sort of skeered of Mis' Polly too. When Marse Jordan wuzn' 'roun' she
+wuz sweet an' kind, but when he wuz 'roun', she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span> wuz er yes, suh, yes, suh,
+woman. Everythin' he tole her to do she done. He made her slap Marmy one time
+kaze when she passed his coffee she spilled some in de saucer. Mis' Sally hit
+Mammy easy, but Marse Jordan say: 'Hit her, Sally, hit de black bitch like she
+'zerve to be hit.' Den Mis' Sally draw back her hand an' hit Mammy in de face,
+pow, den she went back to her place at de table an' play like she eatin' her
+breakfas'. Den when Marse Jordan leave she come in de kitchen an' put her arms
+'roun' Mammy an' cry, an' Mammy pat her on de back an' she cry too. I loved Mis'
+Sally when Marse Jordan wuzn' 'roun'.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Jordan's two sons went to de war; dey went all dressed up in dey
+fightin' clothes. Young Marse Jordan wuz jus' like Mis' Sally but Marse Gregory
+wuz like Marse Jordan, even to de bully way he walk. Young Marse Jordan never
+come back from de war, but 'twould take more den er bullet to kill Marse Gregory;
+he too mean to die anyhow kaze de debil didn' want him an' de Lawd wouldn' have
+him.</p>
+
+<p>One day Marse Gregory come home on er furlo'. He think he look pretty wid his
+sword clankin' an' his boots shinin'. He wuz er colonel, lootenent er somethin'.
+He wuz struttin' 'roun' de yard showin' off, when Leonard Allen say under his
+breath, 'Look at dat God damn sojer. He fightin' to keep us niggahs from bein'
+free.'</p>
+
+<p>'Bout dat time Marse Jordan come up. He look at Leonard an' say: 'What yo'
+mumblin' 'bout?'</p>
+
+<p>Dat big Leonard wuzn' skeered. He say, I say, 'Look at dat God damn sojer. He
+fightin' to keep us niggahs from bein' free.'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Marse Jordan's face begun to swell. It turned so red dat de blood near 'bout
+bust out. He turned to Pappy an' tole him to go an' bring him dis shot gun. When
+Pappy come back Mis' Sally come wid him. De tears wuz streamin' down her face.
+She run up to Marse Jordan an' caught his arm. Ole Marse flung her off an' took
+de gun from Pappy. He leveled it on Leonard an' tole him to pull his shirt open.
+Leonard opened his shirt an' stood dare big as er black giant sneerin' at Ole
+Marse.</p>
+
+<p>Den Mis' Sally run up again an' stood 'tween dat gun an' Leonard.</p>
+
+<p>Ole Marse yell to pappy an' tole him to take dat woman out of de way, but
+nobody ain't moved to touch Mis' Sally, an' she didn' move neither, she jus'
+stood dare facin' Ole Marse. Den Ole Marse let down de gun. He reached over an'
+slapped Mis' Sally down, den picked up de gun an' shot er hole in Leonard's ches'
+big as yo' fis'. Den he took up Mis' Sally an' toted her in de house. But I wuz
+so skeered dat I run an' hid in de stable loft, an' even wid my eyes shut I could
+see Leonard layin' on de groun' wid dat bloody hole in his ches' an' dat sneer on
+his black mouf.</p>
+
+<p>After dat Leonard's brother Burrus hated Ole Marse wus' er snake, den one
+night he run away. Mammy say he run away to keep from killin' Ole Marse. Anyhow,
+when Ole Marse foun' he wuz gone, he took er bunch of niggahs an' set out to find
+him. All day long dey tromped de woods, den when night come dey lit fat pine
+to'ches an' kept lookin', but dey couldn' find Burrus. De nex' day Ole Marse went
+down to de county jail an' got de blood houn's. He<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span> brung home er great passel of
+dem yelpin' an' pullin' at de ropes, but when he turned dem loose dey didn' find
+Burrus, kaze he done grease de bottom of his feets wid snuff an' hog lard so de
+dogs couldn' smell de trail. Ole Marse den tole all de niggahs dat if anybody
+housed an' fed Burrus on de sly, dat he goin' to shoot dem like he done shot
+Leonard. Den he went every day an' searched de cabins; he even looked under de
+houses.</p>
+
+<p>One day in 'bout er week Mis' Sally wuz feedin' de chickens when she heard
+somethin' in de polk berry bushes behin' de hen house. She didn' go 'roun' de
+house but she went inside house an' looked through de crack. Dare wuz Burrus
+layin' down in de bushes. He wuz near 'bout starved kaze he hadn' had nothin' to
+eat since he done run away.</p>
+
+<p>Mis' Sally whisper an' tole him to lay still, dat she goin' to slip him
+somethin' to eat. She went back to de house an' made up some more cawn meal dough
+for de chickens, an' under de dough she put some bread an' meat. When she went
+'cross de yard she met Marse Jordan. He took de pan of dough an' say he goin' to
+feed de chickens. My mammy say dat Mis' Sally ain't showed no skeer, she jus'
+smile at Ole Marse an' pat his arm, den while she talk she take de pan an' go on
+to de chicken house, but Ole Marse he go too. When dey got to de hen house Ole
+Marse puppy begun sniffin' 'roun'. Soon he sta'ted to bark; he cut up such er
+fuss dat Ole Marse went to see what wuz wrong. Den he foun' Burrus layin' in de
+polk bushes.</p>
+
+<p>Ole Marse drag Burrus out an' drove him to de house. When<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span> Mis' Sally
+seed him take out his plaited whip, she run up stairs an' jump in de bed an'
+stuff er pillow over her head.</p>
+
+<p>Dey took Burrus to de whippin' post. Dey strip off his shirt, den dey put his
+head an' hands through de holes in de top, an' tied his feets to de bottom, den,
+Ole Marse took de whip. Dat lash hiss like col' water on er red hot iron when it
+come through de air, an' every time it hit Burrus it lef' er streak of blood.
+Time Ole Marse finish, Burrus' back look like er piece of raw beef.</p>
+
+<p>Dey laid Burrus face down on er plank den dey poured turpentine in all dem cut
+places. It burned like fire but dat niggah didn' know nothin' 'bout it kaze he
+done passed out from pain. But, all his life dat black man toted dem scares on
+his back.</p>
+
+<p>When de war ended Mis' Sally come to Mammy an' say: 'Fanny, I's sho glad yo's
+free. Yo' can go now an' yo' won' ever have to be er slave no more.'</p>
+
+<p>But Mammy, she ain't had no notion of leavin' Mis' Sally. She put her arms'
+roun' her an' call her Baby, an' tell her she goin' to stay wid her long as she
+live. An' she did stay wid her. Me an' Mammy bof stayed Mis' Sally 'twell she
+died.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320193]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Aunt Betty Cofer">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 3</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Field Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Esther S.  Pinnix</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Word Total:</b></td><td align='left'><b>3199</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>P. G. Cross</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"Negro Folklore of the  Piedmont".</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Consultants:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mrs. P. G.  Cross</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Miss Kate Jones,</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Descendants of Dr. Beverly Jones.</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<h5>Sources of Information:<br />
+Aunt Betty Cofer&mdash;ex-slave of Dr. Beverly Jones</h5>
+
+<h4>NEGRO FOLK LORE OF THE PIEDMONT.</h4>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span>
+
+<p>The ranks of negro ex-slaves are rapidly thinning out, but, scattered here and
+there among the ante-bellum families of the South, may be found a few of these
+picturesque old characters. Three miles north of Bethania, the second oldest
+settlement of the "Unitas Fratrum" in Wachovia, lies the 1500 acre Jones
+plantation. It has been owned for several generations by the one family,
+descendants of Abraham Conrad. Conrad's daughter, Julia, married a physician of
+note, Dr. Beverly Jones, whose family occupied the old homestead at the time of
+the Civil War.</p>
+
+<p>Here, in 1856, was born a negro girl, Betty, to a slave mother. Here, today,
+under the friendly protection of this same Jones family, surrounded by her sons
+and her sons' sons, lives this same Betty in her own little weather-stained
+cottage. Encircling her house are lilacs, althea, and flowering trees that soften
+the bleak outlines of unpainted out-buildings. A varied collection of
+old-fashioned plants and flowers crowd the neatly swept dooryard. A friendly
+German-shepherd puppy rouses from his nap on the sunny porch to greet visitors
+enthusiastically. In answer to our knock a gentle voice calls, "Come in." The
+door opens directly into a small, low-ceilinged room almost filled by two double
+beds. These beds are conspicuously clean and covered by homemade crocheted
+spreads. Wide bands of hand-made insertion ornament the stiffly starched pillow
+slips. Against the wall is a plain oak dresser. Although the day is warm,
+two-foot logs burn on the age-worn andirons of the wide brick fire place. From
+the shelf above dangles a leather bag of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span> "spills" made from twisted newspapers.</p>
+
+<p>In a low, split-bottom chair, her rheumatic old feet resting on the warm brick
+hearth, sits Aunt Betty Cofer. Her frail body stoops under the weight of
+four-score years but her bright eyes and alert mind are those of a woman thirty
+years younger. A blue-checked mob cap covers her grizzled hair. Her tiny frame,
+clothed in a motley collection of undergarments, dress, and sweaters, is adorned
+by a clean white apron. Although a little shy of her strange white visitors, her
+innate dignity, gentle courtesy, and complete self possession indicate long
+association with "quality folks."</p>
+
+<p>Her speech shows a noticeable freedom from the usual heavy negro dialect and
+idiom of the deep south. "Yes, Ma'am, yes, Sir, come in. Pull a chair to the
+fire. You'll have to 'scuse me. I can't get around much, 'cause my feet and legs
+bother me, but I got good eyes an' good ears an' all my own teeth. I aint never
+had a bad tooth in my head. Yes'm, I'm 81, going on 82. Marster done wrote my age
+down in his book where he kep' the names of all his colored folks. Muh (Mother)
+belonged to Dr. Jones but Pappy belonged to Marse Israel Lash over yonder.
+(Pointing northwest.) Younguns always went with their mammies so I belonged to
+the Joneses.</p>
+
+<p>Muh and Pappy could visit back and forth sometimes but they never lived
+together 'til after freedom. Yes'm, we was happy. We got plenty to eat. Marster
+and old Miss Julia (Dr. Jones' wife, matriarch of the whole plantation) was
+mighty strict but they was good to us. Colored folks on some of the other
+plantations wasn't so lucky. Some of' em had overseers, mean, cruel men. On one
+plantation the field hands had to hustle to git to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> end of the row at eleven
+o'clock dinner-time 'cause when the cooks brought their dinner they had to stop
+just where they was and eat, an' the sun was mighty hot out in those fields. They
+only had ash cakes (corn pone baked in ashes) without salt, and molasses for
+their dinner, but we had beans an' grits an' salt an' sometimes meat.</p>
+
+<p>I was lucky. Miss Ella (daughter of the first Beverly Jones) was a little girl
+when I was borned and she claimed me. We played together an' grew up together. I
+waited on her an' most times slept on the floor in her room. Muh was cook an'
+when I done got big enough I helped to set the table in the big dinin' room. Then
+I'd put on a clean white apron an' carry in the victuals an' stand behind Miss
+Ella's chair. She'd fix me a piece of somethin' from her plate an' hand it back
+over her shoulder to me (eloquent hands illustrate Miss Ella's making of a
+sandwich.) I'd take it an' run outside to eat it. Then I'd wipe my mouth an' go
+back to stand behind Miss Ella again an' maybe get another snack.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'm, there was a crowd of hands on the plantation. I mind 'em all an' I can
+call most of their names. Mac, Curley, William, Sanford, Lewis, Henry, Ed,
+Sylvester, Hamp, an' Juke was the men folks. The women was Nellie, two Lucys,
+Martha, Nervie, Jane, Laura, Fannie, Lizzie, Cassie, Tensie, Lindy, an' Mary
+Jane. The women mostly, worked in the house. There was always two washwomen, a
+cook, some hands to help her, two sewin' women, a house girl, an' some who did
+all the weavin' an' spinnin'. The men worked in the fields an' yard. One was
+stable boss an' looked after all the horses an' mules. We raised our own<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> flax an'
+cotton an' wool, spun the thread, wove the cloth, made all the clothes. Yes'm, we
+made the mens' shirts an' pants an' coats. One woman knitted all the stockin's
+for the white folks an' colored folks too. I mind she had one finger all twisted
+an' stiff from holdin' her knittin' needles. We wove the cotton an' linen for
+sheets an' pillow-slips an' table covers. We wove the wool blankets too. I use to
+wait on the girl who did the weavin' when she took the cloth off the loom she
+done give me the 'thrums' (ends of thread left on the loom.) I tied 'em all
+together with teensy little knots an' got me some scraps from the sewin' room and
+I made me some quilt tops. Some of 'em was real pretty too! (Pride of workmanship
+evidenced by a toss of Betty's head.)</p>
+
+<p>All our spinnin' wheels and flax wheels and looms was hand-made by a wheel
+wright, Marse Noah Westmoreland. He lived over yonder. (A thumb indicates north.)
+Those old wheels are still in the family'. I got one of the flax wheels. Miss
+Ella done give it to me for a present. Leather was tanned an' shoes was made on
+the place. 'Course the hands mostly went barefoot in warm weather, white chillen
+too. We had our own mill to grind the wheat and corn an' we raised all our meat.
+We made our own candles from tallow and beeswax. I 'spect some of the old candle
+moulds are over to 'the house' now. We wove our own candle wicks too. I never saw
+a match 'til I was a grown woman. We made our fire with flint an' punk (rotten
+wood). Yes'm, I was trained to cook an' clean an' sew. I learned to make mens'
+pants an' coats. First coat I made, Miss Julia told me to rip the collar off, an'
+by the time I picked out all the teensy stitches an' sewed it together again I
+could set a collar right! I can do it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span> today, too! (Again there is manifested a good
+workman's pardonable pride of achievement)</p>
+
+<p>Miss Julia cut out all the clothes herself for men and women too. I 'spect her
+big shears an' patterns an' old cuttin' table are over at the house now. Miss
+Julia cut out all the clothes an' then the colored girls sewed 'em up but she
+looked 'em all over and they better be sewed right! Miss Julia bossed the whole
+plantation. She looked after the sick folks and sent the doctor (Dr. Jones) to
+dose 'em and she carried the keys to the store-rooms and pantries.</p>
+
+<p><span class="hw" title="New paragraph indicated">HW</span> Yes'm, I'm some educated. Muh
+showed me my 'a-b-abs' and my numbers and when I was fifteen I went to school in
+the log church built by the Moravians. They give it to the colored folks to use
+for their own school and church. (This log house is still standing near
+Bethania). Our teacher was a white man, Marse Fulk. He had one eye, done lost the
+other in the war. We didn't have no colored teachers then. They wasn't educated.
+We 'tended school four months a year. I went through the fifth reader, the 'North
+Carolina Reader'. I can figger a little an' read some but I can't write much
+'cause my fingers 're&mdash;all stiffened up. Miss Julia use to read the bible to
+us an' tell us right an' wrong, and Muh showed me all she could an' so did the
+other colored folks. Mostly they was kind to each other.</p>
+
+<p>No'm, I don't know much about spells an' charms. Course most of the old folks
+believed in 'em. One colored man use to make charms, little bags filled with
+queer things. He called 'em 'jacks' an' sold 'em to the colored folks an' some
+white folks too.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Yes'm, I saw some slaves sold away from the plantation, four men and two
+women, both of 'em with little babies. The traders got 'em. Sold 'em down to
+Mobile, Alabama. One was my pappy's sister. We never heard from her again. I saw
+a likely young feller sold for $1500. That was my Uncle Ike. Marse Jonathan
+Spease bought him and kept him the rest of his life.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'm, we saw Yankee soldiers. (Stoneman's Cavalry in 1865.) They come
+marchin' by and stopped at 'the house. I wasn't scared 'cause they was all
+talkin' and laughin' and friendly but they sure was hongry. They dumped the wet
+clothes out of the big wash-pot in the yard and filled it with water. Then they
+broke into the smokehouse and got a lot of hams and biled 'em in the pot and ate
+'em right there in the yard. The women cooked up a lot of corn pone for 'em and
+coffee too. Marster had a barrel of 'likker' put by an' the Yankees knocked the
+head in an' filled their canteens. There wasn't ary drop left. When we heard the
+soldiers comin' our boys turned the horses loose in the woods. The Yankees said
+they had to have 'em an' would burn the house down if we didn't get 'em. So our
+boys whistled up the horses an' the soldiers carried 'em all off. They carried
+off ol' Jennie mule too but let little Jack mule go. When the soldiers was gone
+the stable boss said,'if ol' Jennie mule once gits loose nobody on earth can
+catch her unless she wants. She'll be back!' Sure enough, in a couple of days she
+come home by herself an' we worked the farm jus' with her an' little Jack.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the colored folks followed the Yankees away. Five or six of our boys
+went. Two of 'em travelled as far as Yadkinville but come back. The rest of 'em
+kep' goin' an' we never heard tell<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> of' em again.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'm, when we was freed Pappy come to get Muh and me. We stayed around here.
+Where could we go? These was our folks and I couldn't go far away from Miss Ella.
+We moved out near Rural Hall (some 5 miles from Bethania) an' Pappy farmed, but I
+worked at the home place a lot. When I was about twenty-four Marse R. J. Reynolds
+come from Virginia an' set up a tobacco factory. He fotched some hands with 'im.
+One was a likely young feller, named Cofer, from Patrick County, Virginia. I
+liked 'im an' we got married an' moved back here to my folks.(the Jones family)
+We started to buy our little place an' raise a family. I done had four chillen
+but two's dead. I got grandchillen and great-grandchillen close by. This is home
+to us. When we talk about the old home place (the Jones residence, now some
+hundred years old) we just say 'the house' 'cause there's only one house to us.
+The rest of the family was all fine folks and good to me but I loved Miss Ella
+better'n any one or anythin' else in the world. She was the best friend I ever
+had. If I ever wanted for anythin' I just asked her an she give it to me or got
+it for me somehow. Once when Cofer was in his last sickness his sister come from
+East Liverpool, Ohio, to see 'im. I went to Miss Ella to borrow a little money.
+She didn't have no change but she just took a ten dollar bill from her purse an'
+says 'Here you are, Betty, use what you need and bring me what's left'.</p>
+
+<p>I always did what I could for her too an' stood by her&mdash;but one time.
+That was when we was little girls goin' together to fetch the mail. It was hot
+an' dusty an' we stopped to cool off an' wade in the 'branch'. We heard a horse
+trottin' an' looked<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span> up an' there was Marster switchin' his ridin' whip an' lookin' at
+us. 'Git for home, you two, and I'll 'tend to you,' he says, an' we got! But this
+time I let Miss Ella go to 'the house' alone an' I sneaked aroun' to Granny's
+cabin an' hid. I was afraid I'd git whupped! 'Nother time, Miss Ella went to town
+an' told me to keep up her fire whilst she was away. I fell asleep on the hearth
+and the fire done burnt out so's when Miss Ella come home the room was cold. She
+was mad as hops. Said she never had hit me but she sure felt like doin' it
+then.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'm, I been here a right smart while. I done lived to see three generations
+of my white folks come an' go, an' they're the finest folks on earth. There use
+to be a reg'lar buryin' ground for the plantation hands. The colored chillen use
+to play there but I always played with the white chillen. (This accounts for Aunt
+Betty's gentle manner and speech.) Three of the old log cabins (slave cabins) is
+there yet. One of 'em was the 'boys cabin'. (house for boys and unmarried men)
+They've got walls a foot thick an' are used for store-rooms now. After freedom we
+buried out around our little churches but some of th' old grounds are plowed
+under an' turned into pasture cause the colored folks didn't get no deeds to 'em.
+It won't be long 'fore I go too but I'm gwine lie near my old home an' my
+folks.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'm, I remember Marse Israel Lash, my Pappy's Marster. He was a low,
+thick-set man, very jolly an' friendly. He was real smart an' good too, 'cause
+his colored folks all loved 'im. He worked in the bank an' when the Yankees come,
+'stead of shuttin' the door 'gainst 'em like the others did, he bid 'em welcome.
+(Betty's nodding head, expansive smile and wide-spread hands<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span> eloquently
+pantomime the banker's greeting.) So the Yankees done took the bank but give it
+back to 'im for his very own an' he kep' it but there was lots of bad feelin'
+'cause he never give folks the money they put in the old bank. (Possibly this
+explains the closing of the branch of the Cape Fear Bank in Salem and opening of
+Israel Lash's own institution, the First National Bank of Salem, 1866.)</p>
+
+<p>I saw General Robert E. Lee, too. After the war he come with some friends to a
+meeting at Five Forks Baptist Church. All the white folks gathered 'round an'
+shook his hand an' I peeked 'tween their legs an' got a good look at' im. But he
+didn't have no whiskers, he was smooth-face! (Pictures of General Lee all show
+him with beard and mustache)</p>
+
+<p>Miss Ella died two years ago. I was sick in the hospital but the doctor come
+to tell me. I couldn't go to her buryin'. I sure missed her. (Poignant grief
+moistens Betty's eyes and thickens her voice). There wasn't ever no one like her.
+Miss Kate an' young Miss Julia still live at 'the house' with their brother,
+Marse Lucian (all children of the first Beverly Jones and 'old Miss Julia',) but
+it don't seem right with Miss Ella gone. Life seems dif'rent, some how, 'though
+there' lots of my young white folks an' my own kin livin' round an' they're real
+good to me. But Miss Ella's gone!</p>
+
+<p>"Goodday, Ma'am. Come anytime. You're welcome to. I'm right glad to have
+visitors 'cause I can't get out much." A bobbing little curtsy accompanies
+Betty's cordial farewell.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Although a freed woman for 71 years, property owner for half of them, and now
+revered head of a clan of self respecting, self-supporting colored citizens, she
+is still at heart a "Jones negro," and all the distinguished descendants of her
+beloved Marse Beverly and Miss Julia will be her "own folks" as long as she
+lives.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320188]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="John Coggin">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>340</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>John Coggin</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 228px;">
+<img src="images/j_coggin.jpg" width="228" height="300" alt="j_coggin" title="Louisa Adams" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+
+<h4>JOHN COGGIN.</h4>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave Story.<br />
+An interview with John Coggin 85, of Method, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>When the interviewer first visited Uncle John he was busy cutting hay for a
+white family nearby, swinging the scythe with the vigor of a young man. In late
+afternoon he was found sitting on the doorsteps of his granddaughter's house
+after a supper which certainly had onions on the menu and was followed by
+something stronger than water.</p>
+
+<p>"I was borned on March 1, 1852 in Orange County. My mammy wuz named Phillis
+Fenn an' she wuz from Virginia. I ain't neber had no paw an' I ain't wanted none,
+I ain't had no brothers nar sisters nother."</p>
+
+<p>"We 'longed ter Doctor Jim Leathers, an' de only whuppin' I eber got wuz 'bout
+fightin' wid young Miss Agnes, who wuz sommers long' bout my age. Hit wuz jist a
+little whuppin' but I' members hit all right."</p>
+
+<p>"We wucked de fiel's, I totin' water fer de six or seben han's that wucked
+dar. An' we jist wucked moderate like. We had plenty ter eat an' plenty ter w'ar,
+do' we did go barefooted most of de year. De marster shore wuz good ter us
+do'."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg
+178]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I 'members dat de fust I hyard of de Yankees wuz when young marster come in
+an' says, 'Lawd pa, de Yankees am in Raleigh.'"</p>
+
+<p>"Dat ebenin' I wuz drawin' water when all of a sudden I looks up de road, an'
+de air am dark wid Yankees. I neber seed so many mens, hosses an' mules in my
+life. De band wuz playin' an' de soldiers wuz hollerin' an' de hosses wuz
+prancin' high. I done what all of de rest o' de slaves done, I run fer de
+woods."</p>
+
+<p>"Atter de surrender we moved ter a place nigh Dix Hill hyar in Raleigh an' my
+mammy married a Coggin, dar's whar I gits my name. All of us slaves moved dar an'
+farmed."</p>
+
+<p>"Way long time atter dat ole Marster Jim come ter visit his niggers, an' we
+had a big supper in his honor. Dat night he died, an' 'fore he died his min'
+sorta wanders an' he thinks dat hit am back in de slave days an' dat atter a long
+journey he am comin' back home. Hit shore wuz pitiful an' we shore did hate
+it."</p>
+
+<p>"Yes 'um honey, we got 'long all right atter de war. You knows dat niggers
+ain't had no sense den, now dey has. Look at dese hyar seben chilluns, dey am my
+great gran'chillun an' dey got a heap mo' sense dan I has right now."</p>
+
+<p><small>EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320150]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Mandy Coverson">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>433</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>MANDY COVERSON</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mandy Coverson</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 7 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span>
+
+<h4>MANDY COVERSON</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave Story<br />
+An interview with Mandy Coverson, 78, of 103 South Wilmington Street,
+Raleigh.</h5>
+
+<p>I wuz borned in Union County to Sarah an' Henderson Tomberlin. My mother
+belonged to Mr. Moses Coverson, an' my pappy belonged to Mr. Jackie Tom
+Tomberlin. I stayed wid my mammy, of course, an' Marster Moses wuz good ter me.
+Dey warn't so good ter my mammy, case dey makes her wuck frum sunup till sundown
+in de hot summertime, an' she ain't had no fun at all. She plowed two oxes, an'
+if'en yo' has eber been around a steer yo' knows what aggravatin' things dey
+is.</p>
+
+<p>De oberseer, whose name I'se plumb forget, wuz pore white trash an' he wuz
+meaner dan de meanest nigger. Anyhow I wuz too little ter do much wuck so I
+played a heap an' I had a big time.</p>
+
+<p>My mammy, died 'fore I wuz very old an' missus kept me in de house. I wuz
+petted by her, an' I reckon spoiled. Yo' knows dat den de niggers ain't neber eat
+no biscuits but missus always gimmie one eber meal an' in dat way she got me
+interested in waitin' on de table.</p>
+
+<p>I wuzn't old enough ter know much, but I does 'member how de fambly hid all de
+valuables 'fore de Yankees come, an'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> dat Marster Moses in pickin' up de big brass
+andirons hurt his back an' dey said dat dat wuz de cause of his death a little
+while atterwards. Anyhow de andirons wuz saved an' dar warn't no trouble wid de
+Yankees who comed our way, an' dey ain't hurt nobody dar.</p>
+
+<p>Dey did kill all de things dat dey could eat an' dey stold de rest of de feed
+stuff. Dey make one nigger boy draw water fer dere hosses fer a day an' night. De
+Yankees wuz mean 'bout cussin', but de southern soldiers wuz jist as bad.
+Wheeler's Cavalry wuz de meanest in de whole bunch, I thinks.</p>
+
+<p>De Ku Kluxes wuz pretty mean, but dey picked dere spite on de Free Issues. I
+doan know why dey done dis 'cept dat dey ain't wantin' no niggers a-favorin' dem
+nigh by, now dat slavery am ober. Dey done a heap of beatin' an' chasin' folkses
+out'n de country but I 'specks dat de Carpet Bagger's rule wuz mostly de cause of
+it.</p>
+
+<p>I married Daniel Coverson, a slave on de same plantation I wuz on, an' forty
+years ago we moved ter Raleigh. We had a hard time but I'se glad dat he an' me am
+free an' doan belong ter two diff'ent famblies.</p>
+
+<p><small>AC</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320212]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Willie Cozart">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>914</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Willie Cozart</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span>
+
+<h4>EX-SLAVE STORY</h4>
+
+<h5>An Interview by Mary A. Hicks with Willis Cozart of Zebulon, (Wake Co. N.C.)
+Age 92. May 12, 1937.</h5>
+
+<p>No mam, Mistress, I doan want ter ride in no automobile, thank you, I'se done
+walked these three miles frum Zebulon an' walkin' is what has kept me goin' all
+dese years.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'm I'se a bachelor an' I wuz borned on June 11, 1845 in Person County. My
+papa wuz named Ed an' my maw wuz named Sally. Dar wuz ten of us youngins, Morris,
+Dallas, Stephen, Jerry, Florence, Polly, Lena, Phillis, Caroline, an' me. Mr.
+Starling Oakley of Person County, near Roxboro wuz my master an' as long as him
+an' ole mistress lived I went back ter see dem.</p>
+
+<p>He wuz right good to de good niggers an' kinder strick wid de bad ones.
+Pusonly he ain't never have me whupped but two or three times. You's hyard 'bout
+dese set down strikes lately, well dey ain't de fust ones. Onct when I wuz four
+or five years old, too little to wuck in de fiel's, my master sot me an' some
+more little chilluns ter wuck pullin' up weeds roun' de house. Well, I makes a
+speech and I tells dem le's doan wuck none so out we sprawls on de grass under de
+apple tree. Atter awhile ole master found us dar, an'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span> when he fin's dat I wuz de
+ring-leader he gives me a little whuppin'.</p>
+
+<p>Hit wuz a big plantation, round 1,200 acres o' land, I reckon, an' he had
+'bout seventy or eighty slaves to wuck de cotton, corn, tobacco an' de wheat an'
+vege'bles. De big house wuz sumpin to look at, but de slave cabins wuz jist log
+huts wid sand floors, and stick an' dirt chimneys. We wuz 'lowed ter have a
+little patch o' garden stuff at de back but no chickens ner pigs. De only way we
+had er' makin' money wuz by pickin' berries an' sellin' 'em. We ain't had much
+time to do dat, case we wucked frum sunup till sundown six days a week.</p>
+
+<p>De master fed us as good as he knowed how, but it wuz mostly on bread, meat,
+an' vege'bles.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members seberal slave sales whar dey sold de pappy or de mammy 'way frum de
+chillums an' dat wuz a sad time. Dey led dem up one at de time an' axed dem
+questions an' dey warn't many what wuz chained, only de bad ones, an' sometime
+when dey wuz travelin' it wuz necessary to chain a new gang.</p>
+
+<p>I'se seed niggers beat till da blood run, an' I'se seed plenty more wid big
+scars, frum whuppin's but dey wuz de bad ones. You wuz whupped 'cordin ter de
+deed yo' done in dem days. A moderate whuppin' wuz thirty-nine or forty lashes
+an' a real whuppin' wuz a even hundred; most folks<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span> can't stand a real
+whuppin'.</p>
+
+<p>Frum all dis you might think dat we ain't had no good times, but we had our
+co'n shuckin's, candy pullin's an' sich like. We ain't felt like huntin' much,
+but I did go on a few fox hunts wid de master. I uster go fishin' too, but I
+ain't been now since 1873, I reckon. We sometimes went ter de neighborhood
+affairs if'n we wuz good, but if we wuzn't an' didn't git a pass de
+patter-rollers would shore git us. When dey got through whuppin' a nigger he
+knowed he wuz whupped too.</p>
+
+<p>De slave weddin's in dat country wuz sorta dis way: de man axed de master fer
+de 'oman an' he jist told dem ter step over de broom an' dat wuz de way dey got
+married dem days; de pore white folks done de same way.</p>
+
+<p>Atter de war started de white folks tried ter keep us niggers frum knowin'
+'bout it, but de news got aroun' somehow, an' dar wuz some talk of gittin' shet
+of de master's family an' gittin' rich. De plans didn't 'mout to nothin' an' so
+de Yankees come down.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members moughty well when de Yankees come through our country. Dey stold
+ever'thing dey could find an' I 'members what ole master said. He says, 'Ever'
+one dat wants ter wuck fer me git in de patch ter pullin' dat forty acres of
+fodder an' all dat don't git up de road wid dem d&mdash;&mdash; Yankees.' Well we
+all went away.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Dat winter wuz tough, all de niggers near 'bout starved ter death, an' we
+ain't seed nothin' of de forty acres of land an' de mule what de Yankees done
+promise us nother. Atter awhile we had ter go ter our ole masters an' ax 'em fer
+bread ter keep us alive.</p>
+
+<p>De Klu Klux Klan sprung right up out of de earth, but de Yankees put a stop
+ter dat by puttin' so many of dem in jail. Dey do say dat dat's what de State
+Prison wus built fer.</p>
+
+<p>I never believed in witches an' I ain't put much stock in hain'ts but I'se
+seed a few things durin' my life dat I can't 'splain, like de thing wid de red
+eyes dat mocked me one night; but shucks I ain't believin' in dem things much.
+I'se plowed my lan', tended it year atter year, lived by myself an' all, an' I
+ain't got hurted yet, but I ain't never rid in a automobile yet, an' I got one
+tooth left.</p>
+
+<p><small>B. N.</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320159]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Hannah Crasson">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1453</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>HANNAH CRASSON</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Hannah Crasson</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="trans-note">HW notes at bottom of page illegible</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 225px;">
+<img src="images/h_crasson.jpg" width="225" height="300" alt="h_crasson" title="Hannah Crasson" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+
+<h4>HANNAH CRASSON</h4>
+
+<p>My name is Hannah Crasson. I wuz born on John William Walton's plantation 4
+miles from Garner and 13 miles from Raleigh, N. C. in the County of Wake. I am 84
+years ole the 2nd day uv dis las' gone March. I belonged to Mr. John William
+Walton in slavery time. My missus wuz named Miss Martha.</p>
+
+<p>My father wuz named Frank Walton. My mother wuz named Flora Walton. Grandma
+wuz 104 years when she died. She died down at de old plantation. My brothers were
+named Johnnie and Lang. My sisters were Adeline, Violet, Mary, Sarah, Ellen, and
+Annie. Four of us are livin', Ellen, Mary, Sarah and me.</p>
+
+<p>De old boss man wuz good to us. I wuz talkin' about him the udder night. He
+didn't whup us and he said, he didn't want nobody else to whup us. It is jis like
+I tell you; he wuz never cruel to us. One uv his sons wuz cruel to us. We had a
+plenty to eat, we shore did, plenty to eat. We had nice houses to live in too.
+Grandma had a large room to live in, and we had one to live in. Daddy stayed at
+home with mother. They worked their patches by moonlight; and worked for the
+white folks in the day time.</p>
+
+<p>They sold what they made. Marster bought it and paid for it. He made a barrel
+o' rice every year, my daddy did.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Bell Allen owned slaves too. He had a plenty o' niggers. His plantation
+wuz 5 miles from ourn. We went to church at the white folks church. When Mr. Bell
+Allen seed us cummin' he would say, 'Yonder comes John Walton's free
+niggers.'</p>
+
+<p>Our marster would not sell his slaves. He give dem to his children when they
+married off do'. I swept yards, churned, fed the chickens. In de ebening I would
+go with my missus a fishin'. We eat collards, peas, corn bread, milk, and rice.
+We got biskit and butter twice a week. I thought dat de best things I ever et wuz
+butter spread on biskit. We had a corn mill and a flour mill on the plantation.
+There wuz about 24 slaves on de place. Dey had brandy made on de plantation, and
+de marster gib all his slaves some for dere own uses.</p>
+
+<p>My grandmother and mother wove our clothes. Dey were called homespun. Dey made
+de shoes on de plantation too. I wuz not married til atter de surrender. I did
+not dress de finest in the world; but I had nice clothes. My wedding dress wuz
+made of cream silk, made princess with pink and cream bows. I wore a pair of
+morocco store bought shoes. My husband was dressed in a store bought suit of
+clothes, the coat wuz made <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: pigeon">pigen </ins>
+tail. He had on a velvet vest and a white collar and tie. Somebody stole de ves'
+atter dat.</p>
+
+<p>One of our master's daughters wuz cruel. Sometimes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span> she would go out and rare on
+us, but old marster didn't want us whupped.</p>
+
+<p>Our great grand mother wuz named granny Flora. Dey stole her frum Africa wid a
+red pocket handkerchief. Old man John William got my great grandmother. De people
+in New England got scured of we niggers. Dey were afrid me would rise aginst em
+and dey pushed us on down South. Lawd, why didn't dey let us stay whur we wuz,
+dey nebber wouldn't a been so menny half white niggers, but the old marster wuz
+to blame for that.</p>
+
+<p>We never saw any slaves sold. They carried them off to sell 'em. The slaves
+travelled in droves. Fathers and mothers were sold from their chilluns. Chilluns
+wuz sold from their parents on de plantations close to us. Where we went to
+church, we sat in a place away from de white folks. The slaves never did run away
+from marster, because he wuz good to 'em; but they run away from other
+plantations.</p>
+
+<p>Yes, we seed the patterollers, we called 'em pore white trash, we also called
+patterollers pore white pecks. They had ropes around their necks. They came to
+our house one night when we were singin' and prayin'. It wuz jist before the
+surrender. Dey were hired by de slave owner. My daddy told us to show 'em de
+brandy our marster gib us, den dey went on a way, kase dey knowed John Walton wuz
+a funny man about his slaves. Dey gave us Christmas and other holidays. Den dey,
+de men, would go to see dere<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span> wives. Some of the men's wives belong to other
+marsters on other plantations. We had corn shuckin's at night, and candy
+pullin's. Sometimes we had quiltings and dances.</p>
+
+<p>One of the slaves, my aint, she wuz a royal slave. She could dance all over de
+place wid a tumbler of water on her head, widout spilling it. She sho could tote
+herself. I always luved to see her come to church. She sho could tote
+herself.</p>
+
+<p>My oldest sister Violet died in slavery time. She wuz ten years old when she
+died. Her uncles were her pall bearers. Uncle Hyman and Uncle Handy carried her
+to the grave yard. If I makes no mistake my daddy made her coffin. Dere wuz no
+singin'. There were seven of the family dere, dat wuz all. Dey had no funeral.
+Dere were no white folks dere.</p>
+
+<p>Dey baptized people in creeks and ponds.</p>
+
+<p>We rode corn stalks, bent down small pine trees and rode' em for horses. We
+also played prison base. Colored and white played, yes sir, whites and colored.
+We played at night but we had a certain time to go to bed. Dat wuz nine o'clock.
+<span class="hw" title="New paragraph indicated">HW:</span></p>
+
+<p>De boss man looked atter us when we wuz sick. He got doctors. I had the
+typhoid fever. All my hair came out. Dey called it de "mittent fever." Dr. Thomas
+Banks doctored me. He been dead a long time. Oh! I don't know how long he been
+dead. Near all my white folks were found dead. Mr. John died outside.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Walton died in bed. Marster Joe Walton died sitting under a tree side de path.
+Miss Hancey died in bed.</p>
+
+<p>I 'member the day de war commenced. My marster called my father and my two
+uncles Handy and Hyman, our marster called 'em. Dey had started back to the field
+to work in the afternoon. He said, 'Cum here boys,' that wuz our young marster,
+Ben Walton, says 'cum here boys. I got sumptin' to tell you.' Uncle Hyman said,
+'I can't. I got to go to work.' He said 'Come here and set down, I got sumptin'
+to tell you.'</p>
+
+<p>The niggers went to him and set down. He told them; 'There is a war commenced
+between the North and the South. If the North whups you will be as free a man as
+I is. If the South whups you will be a slave all your days.'</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Joe Walton said when he went to war dat dey could eat breakfast at home,
+go and whup the North, and be back far dinner. He went away, and it wuz four long
+years before he cum back to dinner. De table wuz shore set a long time for him. A
+lot of de white folks said dey wouldn't be much war, dey could whup dem so easy.
+Many of dem never did come back to dinner. I wuz afraid of the Yankees because
+Missus had told us the Yankees were going to kill every nigger in the South. I
+hung to my mammy when dey come through.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I thought Abraham Lincoln wuz the Medicine man, with grip in his han', cause
+he said every borned man must be free.</p>
+
+<p>I did not think anything of Jeff Davis. I thank de will of God for setting us
+free. He got into Abraham Lincoln and the Yankees. We are thankful to the Great
+Marster dat got into Lincoln and the Yankees. Dey say Booker Washington wuz fine,
+I don't know.</p>
+
+<p>The white folks did not allow us to have nuthing to do wid books. You better
+not be found, tryin' to learn to read. Our marster wuz harder down on dat den
+anything else. You better not be ketched wid a book. Day read the Bible and told
+us to obey our marster for de Bible said obey your marster.</p>
+
+<p>The first band of music I ever herd play the Yankees wuz playin' it. They were
+playin' a song. 'I am tired of seeing de homespun dresses the southern women
+wear'.</p>
+
+<p>I thinks Mr. Roosevelt is a fine man. Jus' what we need.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320169]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Julia Crenshaw">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>130</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>EX-SLAVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Julia Crenshaw</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><sub>[TR: HW circled "I"]</sub><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>EX-SLAVE STORY</h4>
+
+<h5>As Julia Crenshaw recalled her mother's story.</h5>
+
+<p>My mammy wuz named Jane an' my pappy wuz named Richard. Dey belonged ter
+Lawyer R. J. Lewis in Raleigh, dar whar Peace Institute am ter day. Mammy said
+dat de white folkses wuz good ter dem an' gib 'em good food an' clothes. She wuz
+de cook, an' fer thirty years atter de war she cooked at Peace.</p>
+
+<p>Before de Yankees come Mr. Lewis said, dat he dreamed dat de yard wuz full uv
+dem an' he wuz deef. When dey comed he played deef so dat he won't have ter talk
+ter 'em. Him he am dat proud.</p>
+
+<p>Mammy said dat she ain't cared 'bout been' free case she had a good home, but
+atter all slavery wusn't de thing fer America.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320239]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Zeb Crowder">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1,414</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>ZEB CROWDER</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Zeb Crowder</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 30 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span>
+
+<h4>ZEB CROWDER</h4>
+
+<h5>323 E. Cabarrus Street</h5>
+
+<p>I wont nuthin' in slavery time and I aint nuthin' now. All de work I am able
+ter do now is a little work in de garden. Dey say I is too ole ter work, so
+charity gives me a little ter go upon every week. For one weeks 'lowance o'
+sumptin' ter eat dey gives me, hold on, I will show you, dat beats guessin'. Here
+it is: &frac12; peck meal (corn meal), 2 lbs oat meal, 2 lb dry skim milk, and 1 lb
+plate meat. Dis is what I gits fer one week 'lowance. I can't work much, but de
+white folks gib me meals fur washin' de woodwork in dere houses, de white folks
+in Hayes's Bottom. What little I do, I does fer him. He gives me meals for
+workin'. De charity gives me about 80 cts worth o' rations a week.</p>
+
+<p>I wus seven years old when de Yankees come through. All de niggers 'cept me
+an' de white folks ran to de woods. I didn't have sense enough ter run, so I
+stayed on de porch where dey were passin' by. One of 'em pointed his gun at me. I
+remember it as well as it was yisterday. Yes sir, I seed de Yankees and I
+remember de clothes dey wore. Dey were blue and dere coats had capes on' em and
+large brass buttons. De niggers and white folks were afraid of' em. De ole house<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span>
+where dey came by, an' me on de porch is still standin', yes sir, and dey are
+livin' in it now. It belongs to Ralph Crowder, and he has a fellow by de name o'
+Edward, a colored man, livin' dere now. De house is de udder side o' Swift Creek,
+right at Rands Mill. I belonged ter ole man William Crowder durin' slavery, Tom
+Crowder's daddy. Ralph is Tom's son. My missus wus named Miss Melvina an' if I
+lives ter be a hundred years old I will never forget dem white folks. Yes sir,
+dey shore wus good ter us. We had good food, good clothes and a good place ter
+sleep.</p>
+
+<p>My mother died before de war, but Miss Melvina wus so good ter us we didn't
+know so much difference. Mother wus de first person I remember seein' dead. When
+she died Miss Melvina, marster's wife, called us chillun in and says, 'Chillun
+your mother is dead, but anything in dis kitchen you wants ter eat go take it,
+but don't slip nuthin'. If you slip it you will soon be stealin' things.' I had
+four brothers and one sister, and none of us never got into trouble 'bout
+stealin'. She taught us ter let other people's things alone.</p>
+
+<p>My father wus named Waddy Crowder. My mother wus named Neelie Crowder. Grandpa
+was named Jacob Crowder and grandma was named Sylvia Crowder. I know dem jist as
+good as if it wus yisterday.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Never went ter school a day in my life. I can't read an' write. Dey would not
+'low slaves ter have books, no sir reee, no, dat dey wouldn't. We went wid de
+white folks to church; dey were good ter us, dat's de truth. Dere aint many
+people dat knows 'bout dem good times. Dey had a lot o' big dinners and when de
+white folks got through I would go up and eat all I wanted.</p>
+
+<p>I 'member choppin' cotton on Clabber branch when I wus a little boy before de
+surrender. When de surrender come I didn't like it. Daddy an' de udders didn't
+like it, 'cause after de surrender dey had to pay marster fer de meat an' things.
+Before dat dey didn't have nuthin' to do but work. Dere were eight slaves on de
+place in slavery time. Clabber branch run into Swift Creek. Lord have mercy, I
+have caught many a fish on dat branch. I also piled brush in de winter time.
+Birds went in de brush ter roost. Den we went bird blindin'. We had torches made
+o' lightwood splinters, and brushes in our han's, we hit de piles o' brush after
+we got 'round 'em. When de birds come out we would kill 'em. Dere were lots o'
+birds den. We killed' em at night in the sage fields<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> where
+broom grass was thick. Dem were de good times. No sich times now. We killed
+robins, doves, patridges and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> other kinds o' birds. Dey aint no such gangs o'
+birds now. We briled 'em over coals o' fire and fried 'em in fryin' pans, and
+sometimes we had a bird stew, wid all de birds we wanted. De stew wus de bes' o'
+all. Dere aint no sich stews now. We put flour in de stew. It was made into
+pastry first, and we called it slick. When we cooked chicken wid it we called it
+chicken slick.</p>
+
+<p>Dere were no overseers on our plantation. Marster wouldn't let you have any
+money on Sunday. He would not trade on Sunday. He would not handle money matters
+on Monday, but 'ceptin' dese two days if you went to him he would keep you. He
+was who a good ole man. Dat's de truf.</p>
+
+<p>The Ku Klux would certainly work on you. If dey caught you out of your place
+dey would git wid you. I don't remember anything 'bout de Freedman's Bureau but
+de Ku Klux Klan was something all niggers wus scared of. Yes sir, dey would get
+wid you. Dats right. Ha! Ha! Dat's right.</p>
+
+<p>I never seen a slave whupped, no sir, I never see a slave sold. I saw de
+speculators do'. I saw de patterollers, but dey didn't never whup my daddy. Dey
+run him one time, but dey couldn't cotch him. Marster Crowder allus give daddy a
+pass when he asked fer it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I believe ole marster an' ole missus went right on ter Heaven, Yes, I do
+believe dat. Dat's de truf. Yes, my Lawd, I would like to see' em right now. Dere
+is only one o' de old crowd livin', an' dat is Miss Cora. She stays right here in
+Raleigh.</p>
+
+<p>We used to have candy pullin's, an' I et more ash cakes den anybody. We cooked
+ash cakes out o' meal. We had dances in de winter time, and other plays. I played
+marbles an' runnin' an' jumpin' when I wus a chile. Dey give us sasafrac tea
+sweetened to eat wid bread. It shore wus mighty good. My father never married
+enny more. He settled right down after de war and farmed fer his old marster and
+all we chillun stayed. We didn't want ter leave, an' I would be wid 'em right now
+if dey wus livin'.</p>
+
+<p>I got married when I wus 21 years old, and moved ter myself in a little house
+on de plantation. De house is standin' dere now, de house where I lived den. I
+seed it de udder day when I went out dere to clean off my wife's grave. I married
+Lula Hatcher. She died 'bout ten years ago. I married her in Georgia. I stayed
+dere a long time when missus' brother, Wiley Clemmons, went ter Georgia ter run
+turpentine an' tuck me wid him. I stayed dere till he died; an' Mr. Tom Crowder
+went after him an' brought him back home an' buried him at de ole home place. He
+is buried right dere at de Crowder place.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I have worked wid some o' de Crowders mos' all my life and I miss dem people,
+when one of 'em dies. Dey allus give my daddy outside patches, and he made good
+on it. He cleaned up seven acres, and do you know how he fenced it? Wid nuthin'
+but bresh. An' hogs an' cows didn't go in dere neither. We had lots o' game ter
+eat. Marster 'lowed my daddy ter hunt wid a gun, and he killed a lot o' rabbits,
+squirrels, an' game. We trapped birds an' caught rabbits in boxes. Daddy caught
+possums an' coons wid dogs. One o' my brothers is livin' at Garner, N.C. I am
+four years older den he is. From what little judgment I got I thought a right
+smart o' Abraham Lincoln, but I tells you de truf Mr. Roosevelt has done a lot o'
+good. Dats de truf. I likes him.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+ <p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span
+ class="label">[5]</span></a> The Negroes call the tall grass sage.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><small>AC</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320243]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Adeline Crump">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>585</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>ADELINE CRUMP</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Adeline Crump</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span>
+
+<h4>ADELINE CRUMP</h4>
+
+<h5>526 Cannon Street</h5>
+
+<p>My name is Adeline Crump, and I am 73 years old. My husband's name wus James
+Crump. My mother's wus Marie Cotton and my father's name wus Cotton. My mother
+belonged to the Faucetts; Rich Faucett wus her marster. Father belonged to the
+Cottons; Wright Cotton wus his marster. My maiden name wus Cotton. Mother and
+father said they were treated all right and that they loved their white folks.
+They gave them patches, clothed them tolerably well, and seed that they got
+plenty to eat. The hours of work wus long. Nearbout everybody worked long hours
+then, but they said they wus not mistreated 'bout nothing. When they got sick
+marster got a doctor, if they wus bad off sick.</p>
+
+<p>They wus allowed holidays Christmas and at lay-by time, an' they wus 'lowed to
+hunt possums an' coons at night an' ketch rabbits in gums. They also caught birds
+in traps made of splinters split from pine wood.</p>
+
+<p>Mother and father had no learnin'. They would not allow them to learn to read
+and write. Marster wus keerful 'bout that. I cannot read an' write. My mother and
+father told me many stories 'bout the patterollers and Ku Klux. A nigger better
+have a pass when he went visitin' or if they caught him they tore up his back.
+The Ku Klux<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span> made the niggers think they could drink a well full of water.
+They carried rubber things under their clothes and a rubber pipe leadin' to a
+bucket o' water. The water bag helt the water they did not drink it. Guess you
+have heard people tell 'bout they drinking so much water.</p>
+
+<p>Marster didn't have no overseers to look after his slaves. He done that
+hisself with the help o' some o' his men slaves. Sometimes he made 'em foreman
+and my mother and father said they all got along mighty fine. The colored folks
+went to the white folk's church and had prayer meeting in their homes.</p>
+
+<p>Mother lived in the edge o' marster's yard. When the surrender come after the
+war they stayed on the plantation right on and lived on marster's land. They
+built log houses after de war cause marster let all his slaves stay right on his
+plantation. My mother had twenty-one chillun. She had twins five times. I was a
+twin and Emaline wus my sister. She died 'bout thirty years ago. She left 11
+chillun when she died. I never had but four chillun. All my people are dead, I is
+de only one left.</p>
+
+<p>Marster's plantation was 'bout six miles from Merry Oaks in Chatham County. We
+moved to Merry Oaks when I wus fourteen years old. I married at seventeen. I have
+lived in North Carolina all my life. We moved to Raleigh from Merry Oaks long
+time ago. My husband died here seventeen years ago. I worked after my husband
+died, washin'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span> and ironin' for white folks till I am not able to work no more.
+Hain't worked any in fo' years. Charity don't help me none. My chillun gives me
+what I gits.</p>
+
+<p>Slavery wus a bad thing, cause from what mother and father tole me all slaves
+didn't fare alike. Some fared good an' some bad. I don't know enough 'bout
+Abraham Lincoln an' Mr. Roosevelt to talk about 'em. No, I don't know just what
+to say. I sho' hopes you will quit axin' me so many things cause I forgot a lot
+mother and father tole me.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320232]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Bill Crump">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>844</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>BILL CRUMP</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Bill Crump</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 195px;">
+<img src="images/b_crump.jpg" width="195" height="300" alt="b_crump" title="Bill Crump" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span>
+<span class="hw">HW: "photo"</span></p>
+
+<h4>BILL CRUMP</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave Story<br />
+An interview with Bill Crump, 82 of State prison, Raleigh North Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>I reckon dat I wus borned in Davidson County on de plantation of Mr. Whitman
+Smith, my mammy's marster.</p>
+
+<p>My daddy wus named Tom an' he 'longed ter Mr. Ben Murry fust an' later ter Mr.
+Jimmy Crump. Daddy wus named atter his young marster. Dey lived in Randolph, de
+county next ter Davidson whar me mammy an' de rest of de chilluns, Alt, George,
+Harriet, Sarah, Mary an' de baby libed.</p>
+
+<p>Both of de marsters wus good ter us, an' dar wus plenty ter eat an' w'ar, an'
+right many jubilees. We ain't none of de dozen er so of us eber got a whuppin',
+case we ain't desarved no whuppin'; why, dar wusn't eben a cowhide whup anywhar
+on de place. We wucked in de fie'ls from sunup ter sundown mos' o' de time, but
+we had a couple of hours at dinner time ter swim or lay on de banks uv de little
+crick an' sleep. Ober 'bout sundown marster let us go swim ag'in iff'en we wanted
+ter do it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>De marster let us have some chickens, a shoat an' a gyarden, an' 'tater patch,
+an' we had time off ter wuck 'em. In season we preserved our own fruits fer de
+winter an' so we larned not ter be so heaby on de marster's han's.</p>
+
+<p>My daddy wus a fiddler, an' he sometimes played fer de dances at de Cross
+Roads, a little village near de marster's place. All what ain't been mean could
+go, but de mean ones can't, an' de rest o' us has ter habe a pass ter keep de
+patterollers from gittin us.</p>
+
+<p>Yes mam, we had our fun at de dances, co'n chuckin's, candy pullin's, an' de
+gatherin's an' we sarbed de marster better by habin' our fun.</p>
+
+<p>I'se seed a bunch o' slaves sold a heap of times an' I neber seed no chains on
+nobody. Dey jist stood dem on de table front of de post office at Cross Roads an'
+sol' 'em ter de one what bids de highes'.</p>
+
+<p>We hyard a whisper 'bout some slaves bein' beat ter death, but I ain't neber
+seed a slave git a lick of no kin', course atter de war I seed de Ku Klux runnin'
+mean niggers.</p>
+
+<p>Dar wus no marryin' on de plantation, iffen a nigger wants a 'oman he has got
+ter buy her or git her marster's permit, den dey am married.</p>
+
+<p>When one o' de slaves wus sick he had a doctor fast<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span> as lightnin', an' when de died
+he wus set up wid one night. De marster would gibe de mourners a drink o' wine
+mebbe, an' dey'd mo'n, an' shout, an' sing all de night long, while de cop'se
+laid out on de coolin' board, which 'minds me of a tale.</p>
+
+<p>Onct we wus settin' up wid a nigger, 'fore de war an' hit bein' a hot night de
+wine wus drunk an' de mo'ners wus settin' front o' de do' eatin' watermillons
+while de daid man laid on de coolin' board. Suddenly one of de niggers looks back
+in at de do', an' de daid man am settin' up on de coolin' board lookin right at
+him. De man what sees hit hollers, an' all de rest what has been wishin 'dat de
+daid man can enjoy de wine an' de watermillons am sorry dat he has comed
+back.</p>
+
+<p>Dey doan take time ter say hit do', case dey am gone ter de big house. De
+marster am brave so he comes ter see, an' he says dat hit am only restrictions o'
+de muscles.</p>
+
+<p>De nex' mornin', as am de way, dey puts de man in a pine box made by 'nother
+slave an' dey totes him from de cabin ter de marster's buryin' groun' at de
+cedars; an' de slaves bury's him while de marster an' his fambly looks on.</p>
+
+<p>I doan know much 'bout de Yankees case de warn't none 'cept de skirtin'
+parties comed our way.</p>
+
+<p>Atter de war we stays on fer four or five years<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span> mebbe, an' I goes ter school
+two weeks. De teacher wus Mr. Edmund Knights from de No'th.</p>
+
+<p>I'se sarbed four years an' ten months of a eight ter twelve stretch fer
+killin' a man. Dis man an' a whole gang o' us wus at his house gamblin'. I had
+done quit drinkin' er mont' er so 'fore dat, but dey 'sists on hit, but I 'fuses.
+Atter 'while he pours some on me an' I cusses him, den he cusses me, an' he says
+dat he am gwine ter kill me, an' he follers me down de road. I turns roun' an'
+shoots him.</p>
+
+<p>Dat am all of my story 'cept dat I has seen a powerful heap of ghostes an' I
+knows dat dey comes in white an' black, an' dat dey am in de shape er dogs, mens,
+an' eber'thing dat you can have a mind to.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320148]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Charlie Crump">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>652</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>CHARLIE CRUMP</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Charlie Crump</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"&mdash; 11 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 225px;">
+<img src="images/c_crump.jpg" width="225" height="300" alt="c_crump" title="Charlie Crump and Granddaughter" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span>
+
+<h4>CHARLIE CRUMP</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave Story<br />
+An interview with Charlie Crump 82 of Cary (near)</h5>
+
+<p>I wuz borned at Evan's Ferry in Lee or Chatham County, an' I belonged ter Mr.
+Davis Abernathy an' his wife Mis' Vick. My pappy wuz named Ridge, an' my mammy
+wuz named Marthy. My brothers wuz Stokes an' Tucker, an' my sisters wuz Lula an'
+Liddy Ann. Dar wuz nine o' us in all, but some o' dem wuz sold, an' some o' dem
+wuz dead.</p>
+
+<p>De Abernathy's wuzn't good ter us, we got very little ter eat, nothin' ter
+wear an' a whole lot o' whuppin's. Dey ain't had no slaves 'cept seben or eight,
+in fact, dey wuz pore white trash tryin' ter git rich; so dey make us wuck.</p>
+
+<p>Dey wucks us from daylight till dark, an' sometimes we jist gits one meal a
+day. De marster says dat empty niggers am good niggers an' dat full niggers has
+got de debil in dem. An' we ain't 'lowed ter go nowhar at night, dat is if dey
+knowed it. I'se seed de time dat niggers from all ober de neighborhood gang up
+an' have fun anyhow, but if dey hyard de patterollers comin' gallopin' on a hoss
+dey'd fly. Crap shootin' wuz de style den, but a heap of times dey can't find
+nothin ter bet.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I toted water, case dat's all I wuz big enough ter do, an' lemmie tell yo' dat
+when de war wuz ober I ain't had nary a sprig of hair on my haid, case de wooden
+buckets what I toted on it wored it plumb off.</p>
+
+<p>When we got hongry an' could fin' a pig, a calf or a chicken, no matter who it
+had belonged to, it den belonged ter us. We raised a heap o' cane an' we et brown
+sugar. Hit 's funny dat de little bit dey gibed us wuz what dey now calls
+wholesome food, an' hit shore make big husky niggers.</p>
+
+<p>My mammy had more grit dan any gal I now knows of has in her craw. She plowed
+a hateful little donkey dat wuz about as hongry as she wuz, an' he wuz a cuss
+if'en dar eber wuz one. Mammy wuz a little brown gal, den, tough as nails an' she
+ain't axin' dat donkey no odds at all. She uster take him out at twelve an' start
+fer de house an' dat donkey would hunch up his back an' swear dat she wuzn't
+gwine ter ride him home. Mammy would swear dat she would, an' de war would be on.
+He'd throw her, but she'd git back on an' atter she'd win de fight he'd go fer de
+house as fast as a scaulded dog.</p>
+
+<p>When we hyard dat de Yankees wuz comin' we wuz skeerd, case Marse Abernathy
+told us dat dey'd skin us alive. I'members hit wuz de last o' April or de fust o'
+May when dey comed, an' I had started fer de cane fil' wid a bucket o' water on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span> my
+haid, but when I sees dem Yankees comin' I draps de bucket an' runs.</p>
+
+<p>De folks thar 'bouts burnt de bridge crost de ribber, but de Yankees carried a
+rope bridge wid 'em, so dey crossed anyhow.</p>
+
+<p>Dem Yankees tuck eber thing dat dey saw eben to our kush, what we had cooked
+fer our supper. Kush wuz cornmeal, onions, red pepper, salt an' grease, dat is if
+we had any grease. Dey killed all de cows, pigs, chickens an' stold all de hosses
+an' mules.</p>
+
+<p>We wuz glad ter be free, an' lemmie tell yo', we shore cussed ole marster out
+'fore we left dar; den we comed ter Raleigh. I'se always been a farmer an' I'se
+made right good. I lak de white folkses an' dey laks me but I'll tell yo' Miss,
+I'd ruther be a nigger any day dan to be lak my ole white folks wuz.</p>
+
+<p><small>M. A. H.<br />
+L. E.</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320050]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Mattie Curtis">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>10,018</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mattie Curtis</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>George L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b><span class="hw">HW: 8/31/37</span></b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></span>
+
+<h4>BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Mattie Curtis, 98 years old, of Raleigh, North Carolina,
+Route # 4.</h5>
+
+<p>I wus borned on de plantation of Mr. John Hayes in Orange County ninety-eight
+years ago. Seberal of de chilluns had been sold 'fore de speculator come an'
+buyed mammy, pappy an' we three chilluns. De speculator wus named Bebus an' he
+lived in Henderson, but he meant to sell us in de tobacco country.</p>
+
+<p>We come through Raleigh an' de fust thing dat I 'members good wus goin'
+through de paper mill on Crabtree. We traveled on ter Granville County on de
+Granville Tobacco path till a preacher named Whitfield buyed us. He lived near de
+Granville an' Franklin County line, on de Granville side.</p>
+
+<p>Preacher Whitfield, bein' a preacher, wus supposed to be good, but he ain't
+half fed ner clothed his slaves an' he whupped 'em bad. I'se seen him whup my
+mammy wid all de clothes offen her back. He'd buck her down on a barrel an' beat
+de blood outen her. Dar wus some difference in his beatin' from de neighbors. De
+folks round dar 'ud whup in de back yard, but Marse Whitfield 'ud have de barrel
+carried in his parlor fer de beatin'.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We ain't had no sociables, but we went to church on Sunday an' dey preached to
+us dat we'd go ter hell alive iffen we sassed our white folks.</p>
+
+<p>Speakin' 'bout clothes, I went as naked as Yo' han' till I wus fourteen years
+old. I wus naked like dat when my nature come to me. Marse Whitfield ain't
+carin', but atter dat mammy tol' him dat I had ter have clothes.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Whitfield ain't never pay fer us so finally we wus sold to Mis' Fanny
+Long in Franklin County. Dat 'oman wus a debil iffen dar eber wus one. When I wus
+little I had picked up de fruit, fanned flies offen de table wid a peafowl fan
+an' nussed de little slave chilluns. De las' two or three years I had worked in
+de fiel' but at Mis' Long's I worked in de backer factory.</p>
+
+<p>Yes mam, she had a backer factory whar backer wus stemmed, rolled an' packed
+in cases fer sellin'. Dey said dat she had got rich on sellin' chawin'
+terbacker.</p>
+
+<p>We wus at Mis' Long's when war wus declared, 'fore dat she had been purty
+good, but she am a debil now. Her son am called ter de war an' he won't go. Dey
+comes an' arrests him, den his mammy tries ter pay him out, but dat ain't no
+good.</p>
+
+<p>De officers sez dat he am yaller an' dat day am gwine ter shoot his head off
+an' use hit fer a soap gourd. De Yankees did shoot him down here at Bentonville
+an' Mis' Long went atter de body. De Confederates has got de body but dey won't<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</a></span>
+let her have it fer love ner money. Dey laughs an' tells her how yaller he am an'
+dey buries him in a ditch like a dog.</p>
+
+<p>Mis' Long has been bad enough fore den but atter her son is dead she sez dat
+she am gwine ter fight till she draps dead. De nex' day she sticks de shot gun in
+mammy's back an' sez dat she am gwine ter shoot her dead. Mammy smiles an' tells
+her dat she am ready ter go. Mis' Long turns on me an' tells me ter go ter de
+peach tree an' cut her ten limbs 'bout a yard long, dis I does an' atter she ties
+dem in a bundle she wears dem out on me at a hundret licks. Lemmie tell yo', dar
+wus pieces of de peach tree switches stickin' all in my bloody back when she got
+through.</p>
+
+<p>Atter dat Mis' Long ain't done nothin' but whup us an' fight till she shore
+nuff wore out.</p>
+
+<p>De Yankee captain come ter our place an tol' us dat de lan' was goin' ter be
+cut up an' divided among de slaves, dey would also have a mule an' a house
+apiece.</p>
+
+<p>I doan know how come hit but jist 'fore de end of de war we come ter Moses
+Mordicia's place, right up de hill from here. He wus mean too, he'd get drunk an'
+whup niggers all day off' an' on. He'd keep dem tied down dat long too, sometimes
+from sunrise till dark.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Mordicia had his yaller gals in one quarter ter dereselves an' dese gals
+belongs ter de Mordicia men, dere friends an' de overseers. When a baby wus born
+in dat quarter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</a></span> dey'd sen' hit over ter de black quarter at birth. Dey do say dat
+some of dese gal babies got grown an' atter goin' back ter de yaller quarter had
+more chilluns fer her own daddy or brother. De Thompson's sprung from dat set an'
+dey say dat a heap of dem is halfwits fer de reason dat I has jist tol' yo'. Dem
+yaller wimen wus highfalutin' too, dey <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: thought">though </ins>dey wus better dan de black ones.</p>
+
+<p>Has yo' ever wondered why de yaller wimen dese days am meaner dan black ones
+'bout de men? Well dat's de reason fer hit, dere mammies raised dem to think
+'bout de white men.</p>
+
+<p>When de Yankees come dey come an' freed us. De woods wus full of Rebs what had
+deserted, but de Yankees killed some of dem.</p>
+
+<p>Some sort of corporation cut de land up, but de slaves ain't got none of it
+dat I ever heard about.</p>
+
+<p>I got married before de war to Joshua Curtis. I loved him too, which is more
+dam most folks can truthfully say. I always had craved a home an' a plenty to
+eat, but freedom ain't give us notin' but pickled hoss meat an' dirty crackers,
+an' not half enough of dat.</p>
+
+<p>Josh ain't really care 'bout no home but through dis land corporation I buyed
+dese fifteen acres on time. I cut down de big trees dat wus all over dese fields
+an' I milled out de wood an' sold hit, den I plowed up de fields an' planted dem.
+Josh did help to build de house an' he worked out some.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>All of dis time I had nineteen chilluns an' Josh died, but I kep' on an' de
+fifteen what is dead lived to be near 'bout grown, ever one of dem.</p>
+
+<p>Right atter de war northern preachers come around wid a little book a-marrying
+slaves an' I seed one of dem marry my pappy an' mammy. Atter dis dey tried to
+find dere fourteen oldest chilluns what wus sold away, but dey never did find but
+three of dem.</p>
+
+<p>But you wants ter find out how I got along. I'll never fergit my first bale of
+cotton an' how I got hit sold. I wus some proud of dat bale of cotton, an' atter
+I had hit ginned I set out wid hit on my steercart fer Raleigh. De white folks
+hated de nigger den, 'specially de nigger what wus makin' somethin' so I dasen't
+ax nobody whar de market wus.</p>
+
+<p>I thought dat I could find de place by myself, but I rid all day an' had to
+take my cotton home wid me dat night 'case I can't find no place to sell hit at.
+But dat night I think hit over an' de nex' day I goes' back an' axes a policeman
+'bout de market. Lo an' behold chile, I foun' hit on Blount Street, an' I had
+pass by hit seberal times de day before.</p>
+
+<p>I done a heap of work at night too, all of my sewin' an' such an' de piece of
+lan' near de house over dar ain't never got no work 'cept at night. I finally
+paid fer de land. Some of my chilluns wus borned in de field too. When I wus to
+de house we had a granny an' I blowed in a bottle to make de labor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span> quick an'
+easy.</p>
+
+<p>Dis young generation ain't worth shucks. Fifteen years ago I hired a big buck
+nigger to help me shrub an' 'fore leben o'clock he passed out on me. You know
+'bout leben o'clock in July hit gits in a bloom. De young generation wid dere
+schools an dere divorcing ain't gwine ter git nothin' out of life. Hit wus better
+when folks jist lived tergether. Dere loafin' gits dem inter trouble an' dere
+novels makes dem bad husban's an' wives too.</p>
+
+<p><small>EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320227]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Charles Lee Dalton">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>TR Note:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No Header Page</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>[TR: 1,165]</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>[TR: Charles Lee Dalton]</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<h4>By Miss Nancy Woodburn Watkins<br />
+Rockingham County<br />
+Madison, North Carolina</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave Biography&mdash;Charles Lee Dalton, 93.</h5>
+
+<p>In July, 1934, the census taker went to the home of Unka Challilee Dalton and
+found that soft talking old darky on the porch of his several roomed house, a few
+hundred feet south of the dirt road locally called the Ayersville road because it
+branches from the hard surfaced highway to Mayodan at Anderson Scales' store, a
+short distance from Unka Challilie's. Black got its meaning from his face, even
+his lips were black, but his hair was whitening. His lean body was reclining
+while the white cased pillows of his night bed sunned on a chair. His
+granddaughter kept house for him the census taker learned. Unka Challilie said:
+"I'se got so I ain't no count fuh nuthin. I wuz uh takin' me a nap uh sleepin' ('
+AM). Dem merry-go-wheels keep up sich a racket all nite, sech a racket all nite,
+ah cyan't sleep." This disturbance was "The Red Wolfe Medicine Troop of Players
+and Wheels" near Anderson Scales' store in the forks of the Mayodan and the
+Ayresville roads.</p>
+
+<p>In 1937 in the home of his son, Unka Challilie ninety-three, told the cause of
+his no "countness." "I wuz clean-up man in de mill in Mayodan ontill three<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</a></span> years ago, I
+got too trimbly to git amongst de machinery. Daze frade I'd fall and git
+cut."</p>
+
+<p>I cum tuh Madison forty-five yeah ago, and I bought one acre, and built me a
+house on it, an' razed my leben chillun dyah. My wife was Ellen Irving of
+Reidsville. We had a cow, pigs, chickens, and gyardum of vegetables to hope out
+what I got paid at de mill.</p>
+
+<p>Nome I nevah learned to read an write. Ounct I thought mebbe I'd git sum
+lunnin but aftah I got married, I didn't think I would.</p>
+
+<p>My old Marse wuz Marse Lee Dalton and I stayed on his plantation till
+forty-five years ago when I cum tuh Madison. His place wuz back up dyah close
+tuh. Mt. Herman Church. Nome we slaves ain't learn no letters, but sumtimes young
+mistis' 'd read de Bible tuh us. Day wuz pretty good tuh us, but sumtimes I'd
+ketch uh whippin'. I wuz a hoe boy and plow man. My mothers' name wuz Silvia
+Dalton and my daddy's name wuz Peter Dalton. Day belonged to Marse Lee and his
+wife wuz Miss Matilda Steeples (Staples). Marse Lee lived on Beaver Island Creek
+at the John Hampton Price place. Mr. Price bought it. He married Miss Mollie
+Dalton, Marse Lee's daughter. Dyah's uh ole graveyard dyah whah lots uh Daltons
+is buried but no culled fokes. Day is buried to the side uh Stoneville<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span> wiff no
+white fokes a-tall berried dyah. De ole Daltons wuz berried on de Ole Jimmy
+Scales plantation. Day bought hit, an little John Price what runs uh tuhbaccah
+warehouse in Madison owns hit now. (1937) His tenant is Marse Walt Hill, an hits
+five miles frum Madison. I knose whah de old Deatherage graveyard is, too, up
+close to Stoneville whah sum Daltons is berried. Ole Marse Lee's mother was a
+Deatherage.</p>
+
+<p>Ole Marse was kind to us, an' I stayed on his plantation an' farmed till I kum
+to Madison. Dee Yankees, day didn't giv us nuthin so we had kinduh to live off'n
+old Marse.</p>
+
+<p>Fuh ayteen yuz I kin member ah de Mefodis Church byah in Madison. I wuzn't
+converted unduh de Holiness preachment uh James Foust but duh de revival of
+Reverend William Scales. William didn't bare much lunnin. His wife wuz Mittie
+Scales an huh mother wuz Chlocy Scales, sister to Tommie Scales, de shoemaker,
+what died lase summuh (July, 1936). William jes wanted so much tuh preach, and
+Mittie hoped him. I'se been uh class leader, an uh stewart, an uh trustee in de
+church. It's St. Stephen's and de new brick church was built in 1925, an Mistuh
+John Wilson's son wrote uh peace uh bout hit in de papuh. De fuss chuch wuz down
+dyah cross de street fum Jim Foust's "tabernacle."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span> But de fuss cullud chuch in
+Madison wuz a Union chuch over dyah by de Presbyterian graveyard whah now is de
+Gyartuh factry. An' Jane Richardson wuz de leader.</p>
+
+<p>Yess'm I got so no count, I had to cum live with mah son, Frank Dalton. Frank
+married Mattie Cardwell. You remembuh Mary Mann? She married Anderson Cardwell.
+Day's bofe dade long time. Days berried jess up hyuh at Mayodan whah Mr. Bollin's
+house is on and dem new bungyloes is on top um, too. Uh whole lots uh cullud
+people berried in dah with de slaves of Ole Miss Nancy (Watkins) Webster on till
+de Mayo Mills got started and day built Mayhodan at de Mayo Falls. An' dat's whah
+my daughter-in-law's folks is berried.</p>
+
+<p>My leben chillun&mdash;Frank, one died in West Virginia; Cora married Henry
+Cardwell; Hattie married Roy Current and bafe ob dem in Winston; Della married
+Arthur Adkins, an' Joe, an' George an' Perry an' Nathaniel Dalton, an'.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'm mah daughter-in-law has de writings about de brick chuch, dem whut
+started hit, an' she'll put it out whah she can git hit fuh you easy, when you
+coun back fuh hit.</p>
+
+<p>Nome, up at Marse Lee Dalton's fob de s'renduh us slaves didn't nevuh go tuh
+chuch. But young Miss'ud read de Bible to us sometimes.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span>Here
+in the five room, white painted cottage of his son, Frank, Unka Challilie is
+kindly cared for by his daughter-in-law, Mattie. A front porch faces the Mayodan
+hard road a few doors from the "coppubration line." A well made arch accents the
+entrance to the front walk. A climbing rose flourishes on the arch. Well kept
+grass with flowers on the edges show Mattie's love. At the right side is the
+vegetable garden, invaded by several big domineckuh chickens. A kudzu vine keeps
+out the hot west sun. Unka Challilie sits on the front porch and nods to his
+friends <ins class="edcorr" title="HW addition: , or">else</ins> back in the kitchen, he sits and
+watches Mattie iron after he has eaten his breakfast. Several hens come on the
+back porch and lay in boxes there. One is "uh settin" fuh fried chicken later! A
+walnut tree, "uh white wawnut", waves its long dangly green blooms as the leaves
+are half grown in the early May. Well dressed, clean, polite, comforted with his
+religion, but very "trimbly" even on his stout walking stick, Unka Challilie
+often dozes away his "no countness" with "uh napuh sleepin" while the mad rush of
+traffic and tourist wheels stir the rose climbing over the entrance arch. An
+ex-slave who started wiff nuffin de Yankees gave him, who lived on his old
+Marse's place ontil he wuz forty-eight, who cleaned the Mayo Mills ontill he wuz
+too trimbly to get amongst de machinery, who raised eleven children on an acre of
+red Rockingham county<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</a></span> hillside, faces the next move with plenty to eat, wear, plenty
+time to take a nap uh sleepin.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320281]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="John Daniels">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>386</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>JOHN DANIELS</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>John Daniels</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span>
+
+<h4>JOHN DANIELS</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave Story</h5>
+<span class="hw">HW: (?)</span>
+
+<p>I'se named fer my pappy's ole massa down in Spartanburg, South Carolina,
+course I doan know nothin' 'bout no war, case I warn't borned. I does 'member
+seein' de ole 'big house' do', maybe you want me ter tell you how hit looked?</p>
+
+<p>It wuz a big white two-story house at de end uv a magnolia lane an' a-settin'
+in a big level fiel'. Back o' de big house wuz de ole slave cabins whar my folks
+uster live.</p>
+
+<p>Dey said dat de massa wuz good ter 'em, but dat sometimes in de mo'nin' dey
+jist has lasses an' co'nbread fer breakfas'.</p>
+
+<p>I started ter tell you 'bout de Joe Moe do'.</p>
+
+<p>You mebbe doan know hit, but de prisoners hyar doan git de blues so bad if de
+company comes on visitin' days, an' de mail comes reg'lar. We's always gittin' up
+somepin' ter have a little fun, so somebody gits up de Joe Moe.</p>
+
+<p>Yo' sees dat when a new nigger comes in he am skeerd an' has got de blues.
+Somebody goes ter cheer him up an' dey axes him hadn't he ruther be hyar dan daid.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span>
+Yo' see he am moughty blue den, so mebbe he says dat he'd ruther be daid; den dis
+feller what am tryin' ter cheer him tells him dat all right he sho' will die dat
+<ins class="edcorr" title="HW addition: 'cause"> he's</ins> got de Joe Moe put on him.</p>
+
+<p>Seberal days atter dis de new nigger fin's a little rag full of somepin twix
+de bed an' mattress an' he axes what hit am. Somebody tells him dat hit am de Joe
+Moe, an' dey tells him dat de only way he can git de spell off am ter git de bag
+off on somebody else. Ever'body but him knows' bout hit so de Joe Moe keeps
+comin' back till a new one comes in an' he l'arns de joke.</p>
+
+<p>Talkin' 'bout ghostes I wants ter tell you dat de air am full of 'em. Dar's a
+strip from de groun' 'bout four feet high which am light on de darkes' night,
+case hit can't git dark down dar. Git down an' crawl an' yo'll see a million
+laigs of eber' kin' an' if'en you lis'ens you'll hyar a little groanin' an' den
+you has gone through a warm spot.</p>
+
+<p><small>B. N.</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320186]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Harriet Ann Daves">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>725</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>HARRIET ANN DAVES</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Harriet Ann Daves</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 198px;">
+<img src="images/h_daves.jpg" width="198" height="300" alt="h_daves" title="Harriet Daves" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span>
+
+<h4>HARRIET ANN DAVES</h4>
+
+<h5>601 E. Cabarrus Street</h5>
+
+<p>My full name is Harriet Ann Daves, I like to be called Harriet Ann. If my
+mother called me when she was living, I didn't want to answer her unless she
+called me Harriet Ann. I was born June 6, 1856. Milton Waddell, my mother's
+marster was my father, and he never denied me to anybody.</p>
+
+<p>My mother was a slave but she was white. I do not know who my mother's father
+was. My mother was Mary Collins. She said that her father was an Indian. My
+mother's mother was Mary Jane Collins, and she was white&mdash;maybe part Indian.
+My grandfather was old man William D. Waddell, a white man. I was born in
+Virginia near Orange Courthouse. The Waddells moved to Lexington, Missouri, after
+I was born. I guess some of the family would not like it if they knew I was
+telling this. We had good food and a nice place to live. I was nothing but a
+child, but I know, and remember that I was treated kindly. I remember the
+surrender very well. When the surrender came my grandfather came to mother and
+told her: 'Well, you are as free as I am.' That was William D. Waddell. He was
+one of the big shots among the white folks.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>My white grandmother wanted mother to give me to her entirely. She said she
+had more right to me than my Indian grandmother that she had plenty to educate
+and care for me. My mother would not give me to her, and she cried. My mother
+gave me to my Indian grandmother. I later went back to my mother.</p>
+
+<p>While we were in Missouri some of my father's people, a white girl, sent for
+me to come up to the great house. I had long curls and was considered pretty. The
+girl remarked, 'Such a pretty child' and kissed me. She afterwards made a remark
+to which my father who was there, my white father, took exception telling her I
+was his child and that I was as good as she was. I remember this incident very
+distinctly.</p>
+
+<p>My mother had two children by the same white man, my father. The other was a
+girl. She died in California. My father never married. He loved my mother, and he
+said if he could not marry Mary he did not want to marry. Father said he did not
+want any other woman. My father was good to me. He would give me anything I asked
+him for. Mother would make me ask him for things for her. She said it was no harm
+for me to ask him for things for her which she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</a></span> could not get unless I asked
+him for them. When the surrender came my mother told my father she was tired of
+living that kind of a life, that if she could not be his legal wife she wouldn't
+be anything to him, so she left and went to Levenworth, Kansas. She died there in
+1935. I do not know where my father is, living or dead, or what became of
+him.</p>
+
+<p>I can read and write well. They did not teach us to read and write in slavery
+days. I went to a school opened by the Yankees after the surrender.</p>
+
+<p>I went with my mother to Levenworth, Kansas. She sent me to school in Flat,
+Nebraska. I met my husband there. My first husband was Elisha Williams; I ran
+away from school in Flat, and married him. He brought me to Raleigh. He was born
+and raised in Wake County. We lived together about a year when he died July 1st,
+1872. There was one child born to us which died in infancy.</p>
+
+<p>I married the second time Rufus H. Daves in 1875. He was practically a white
+man. He wouldn't even pass for a mulatto. He used to belong to the Haywoods. He
+died in 1931 in Raleigh.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I think Abraham Lincoln was a fine, conscientious man; my mother worshipped
+him, but he turned us out without anything to eat or live on. I don't think Mr.
+Roosevelt is either hot or cold&mdash;just a normal man.</p>
+
+<p><small>AC</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320257]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Jerry Davis">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>429</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>JERRY DAVIS</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Jerry Davis</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 26 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</a></span>
+
+<h4>JERRY DAVIS</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave Story and Folk Tale<br />
+An interview with Jerry Davis 74 of 228 E. South Street, Raleigh, North
+Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>I wus borned in Warren County ter Mataldia an' Jordan Davis. Dere wus
+twenty-two o' us chilluns, an' natu'ally Marster Sam Davis laked my mammy an'
+daddy. He owned two hundert an' sebenty slaves, an' three, four, or five scopes
+o' lan'.</p>
+
+<p>Marster wus good ter us, he gibe us plenty ter eat, an' w'ar, an' he wus good
+an' kind in his talkin'. I warn't big 'nuff ter do much 'sides min' de chickens,
+an' sich lak.</p>
+
+<p>I doan 'member so much 'bout de Yankees comin' 'cept sein' dem, an' dat dey
+gibe my pappy a new blue overcoat an' dat I slep' on it onct er twict. I knows
+dat de Yankees wus good ter de niggers but dey warn't so good ter de ole Issues.
+Dey did 'stroy most eber'thing do'.</p>
+
+<p>I can't 'member, but I'se hyard my mammy tell o' dances, co'n shuckin's,
+wrestlin' matches, candy pullin's an' sich things dat wus had by de slaves dem
+days.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>My pappy tol' me 'bout de cock fights in de big pits at Warrenton an' how dat
+when de roosters got killed de owner often gibe de dead bird ter him. I'se also
+hyard him tell 'bout de hoss races an' 'bout Marster Sam's fine hosses.</p>
+
+<p>I knows dat de marster an' missus wus good case my mammy an' daddy 'sisted on
+stayin' right on atter de war, an' so dey died an' was buried dar on Marster
+Sam's place.</p>
+
+<p>I wucked in de Dupont Powder plant durin' de World War but I wus discharged
+case I had acid injury.</p>
+
+<p>Yessum, I'll tell you de only rale ole tale dat I knows an' dat am de story'
+bout&mdash;&mdash;Jack.</p>
+
+<h5>JACK</h5>
+
+<p>Onct dar wus a white man down in Beaufort County what owned a nigger named
+Jack. Dis man owned a boat an' he was fer ever more goin' boat ridin', fer days
+an' nights. He larned Jack how ter steer an' often he'd go ter sleep leavin' Jack
+at de wheel, wid 'structions ter steer always by de seben stars.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One night as Jack steered for his master to sleep, Jack suddenly fell asleep
+too. When he awake it wuz jist at de crack of dawn so no stars wus dar.</p>
+
+<p>Jack went flyin' ter de marster hollerin', 'please sur marster, hang up some
+mo' stars, I done run by dem seben'.</p>
+
+<h5>JACK AND THE DEVIL</h5>
+
+<p>Onct Jack an' de debil got inter a 'spute 'bout who can throw a rock de
+ferderest. De debil sez dat he can throw a rock so fur dat hit won't come down in
+three days.</p>
+
+<p>Iffen you can throw a rock furder dan dat, sez de debil, I'll give you yer
+freedom.</p>
+
+<p>De debil chunks a rock an' hit goes up an' stays fer three days. When hit
+comes down Jack picks hit up an' he 'lows, 'Good Lawd, move de stars an' de moon
+case dar's a rock comin' ter heaben'.</p>
+
+<p>De debil sez, 'Iffen you can do dat den you can beat me case I can't throw a
+rock in a mile o' heaben'.</p>
+
+<p><small>AC</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[Pg 241]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320240]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="W. S. Debnam">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1025</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>A Slave Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>W. S. Debnam</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 30 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</a></span>
+
+<h4>W. SOLOMON DEBNAM.</h4>
+
+<h5>701 Smith Street.</h5>
+
+<p>Yes, I remember the Yankees coming to Raleigh. I don't know very much about
+those times, I was so young, but I remember the Yankees all right in their blue
+clothes; their horses, and so on. I'll be 78 years old the 8th of this comin'
+September an' I've heard mother an' father talk about slavery time a whole lot.
+We belonged to T. R. Debnam at Eagle Rock, Wake County. His wife was named
+Priscilla Debnam. My father was named Daniel Debnam an' my mother was named Liza
+Debnam. My master had several plantations an' a lot of slaves. I don't know how
+many, but I know he had 'em. He fed us well; we had a good place to sleep. We had
+wove clothes, enough to keep us warm. He treated me just like he had been my
+father. I didn't know the difference. Marster an' missus never hit me a lick in
+their lives. My mother was the house girl. Father tended business around the
+house an' worked in the field sometimes. Our houses were in marster's yard. The
+slave quarters were in the yard of the great house. I don't remember going to
+church until after the surrender.</p>
+
+<p>I remember the corn shuckin's, but not the Christmas and the fourth of July
+holidays. They had a lot of whiskey at corn shuckin's and good things to
+eat.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I heard pappy talk of patterollers, but I do not know what they were. Pappy
+said he had to have a pass to visit on, or they would whip him if they could
+ketch him. Sometimes they could not ketch a nigger they were after. Yes, they
+taught us to say pappy an' mammy in them days.</p>
+
+<p>I remember the coon and possum hunts an' the rabbits we caught in gums. I
+remember killin' birds at night with thorn brush. When bird blindin' we hunt 'em
+at night with lights from big splinters. We went to grass patches, briars, and
+vines along the creeks an' low groun's where they roosted, an' blinded 'em an'
+killed 'em when they come out. We cooked 'em on coals, and I remember making a
+stew and having dumplings cooked with 'em. We'd flustrate the birds in their
+roostin' place an' when they come out blinded by the light we hit 'em an' killed
+'em with thorn brush we carried in our han's.</p>
+
+<p>Marster had a gran'son, the son of Alonza Hodge an' Arabella Hodge, 'bout my
+age an' I stayed with him most of the time. When Alonza Hodge bought his son
+anything he bought for me too. He treated us alike. He bought each of us a pony.
+We could ride good, when we were small. He let us follow him. He let us go
+huntin' squirrels with him. When he shot an' killed a squirrel he let us race to
+see which could get him first, while he laughed at us.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I didn't sleep in the great house. I stayed with this white boy till bed time
+then my mammy come an' got me an' carried me home. When marster wanted us boys to
+go with him he would say, 'Let's go boys,' an' we would follow him. We were like
+brothers. I ate with him at the table. What they et, I et. He made the house girl
+wait on me just like he an' his son was waited on.</p>
+
+<p>My father stayed with marster till he died, when he was 63 an' I was 21; we
+both stayed right there. My white playmate's name was Richard Hodge. I stayed
+there till I was married. When I got 25 years old I married Ida Rawlson. Richard
+Hodge became a medical doctor, but he died young, just before I was married.</p>
+
+<p>They taught me to read an' write. After the surrender I went to free school.
+When I didn't know a word I went to old marster an' he told me.</p>
+
+<p>During my entire life no man can touch my morals, I was brought up by my white
+folks not to lie, steal or do things immoral. I have lived a pure life. There is
+nothing against me.</p>
+
+<p>I remember the Yankees, yes sir, an' somethings they done. Well, I remember
+the big yeller gobler they couldn't ketch. He riz an' flew an' they shot him an'
+killed him. They went down to marster's store an' busted the head outen a barrel
+o' molasses an' after they busted the head out I got a tin bucket an' got it full
+o' molasses an' started to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</a></span> house. Then they shoved me down in the
+molasses. I set the bucket down an' hit a Yankee on the leg with a dogwood stick.
+He tried to hit me. The Yankees ganged around him, an' made him leave me alone,
+give me my bucket o' molasses, an' I carried it on to the house. They went down
+to the lot, turned out all the horses an' tuck two o' the big mules, Kentucky
+mules, an' carried 'em off. One of the mules would gnaw every line in two you
+tied him with, an' the other could not be rode. So next morning after the Yankees
+carried 'em off they both come back home with pieces o' lines on 'em. The mules
+was named, one was named Bill, an' the other Charles. You could ride old Charles,
+but you couldn't ride old Bill. He would throw you off as fast as you got on
+'im.</p>
+
+<p>After I was married when I was 25 years old I lived there ten years, right
+there; but old marster had died an' missus had died. I stayed with his son
+Nathaniel; his wife was named Drusilla.</p>
+
+<p>I had five brothers, Richard, Daniel, Rogene, Lorenzo, Lumus and myself. There
+wont places there for us all, an' then I left. When I left down there I moved to
+Raleigh. The first man I worked fer here was George Marsh Company, then W. A.
+Myatt Company an' no one else. I worked with the Myatt Company twenty-six years;
+'till I got shot.</p>
+
+<p>It was about half past twelve o'clock. I was on my way home to dinner on the
+20th of December, 1935. When I was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</a></span> passing Patterson's Alley entering Lenoir
+Street near the colored park in the 500 block something hit me. I looked around
+an' heard a shot. The bullet hit me before I heard the report of the pistol. When
+hit, I looked back an' heard it. Capt. Bruce Pool, o' the Raleigh Police force,
+had shot at some thief that had broken into a A&amp;P Store an' the bullet hit
+me. It hit me in my left thigh above the knee. It went through my thigh, a 38
+caliber bullet, an' lodged under the skin on the other side. I did not fall but
+stood on one foot while the blood ran from the wound. A car came by in about a
+half hour an' they stopped an' carried me to St. Agnes Hospital. It was not a
+police car. I stayed there a week. They removed the bullet, an' then I had to go
+to the hospital every day for a month. I have not been able to work a day since.
+I was working with W. A. Myatt Company when I got shot. My leg pains me now and
+swells up. I cannot stand on it much. I am unable to do a day's work. Can't stand
+up to do a day's work. The city paid me $200.00, an' paid my hospital bill.</p>
+
+<p>Abraham Lincoln was all right. I think slavery was wrong because birds an'
+things are free an' man ought to have the same privilege.</p>
+
+<p>Franklin Roosevelt is a wonderful man. Men would have starved if he hadn't
+helped 'em.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320199]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="SARAH DEBRO">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 3</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Travis Jordan</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1384</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>SARAH DEBRO</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>EX-SLAVE 90 YEARS</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Durham, N.C.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUL 24 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span>
+
+<h4>SARAH DEBRO</h4>
+
+<h5>EX-SLAVE 90 YEARS</h5>
+
+<p>I was bawn in Orange County way back some time in de fifties.</p>
+
+<p>Mis Polly White Cain an' Marse Docter Cain was my white folks. Marse Cain's
+plantation joined Mistah Paul Cameron's land. Marse Cain owned so many niggers
+dat he didn' know his own slaves when he met dem in de road. Sometimes he would
+stop dem an' say: 'Whose niggers am you?' Dey'd say, 'We's Marse Cain's niggers.'
+Den he would say, 'I'se Marse Cain,' and drive on.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Cain was good to his niggers. He didn' whip dem like some owners did,
+but if dey done mean he sold dem. Dey knew dis so dey minded him. One day
+gran'pappy sassed Mis' Polly White an' she told him dat if he didn' 'have hese'f
+dat she would put him in her pocket. Gran'pappy wuz er big man an' I ax him how
+Mis' Polly could do dat. He said she meant dat she would sell him den put de
+money in her pocket. He never did sass Mis' Polly no more.</p>
+
+<p>I was kept at de big house to wait on Mis' Polly, to tote her basket of keys
+an' such as dat. Whenever she seed a chile down in de quarters dat she wanted to
+raise be hand, she took dem up to do big house an' trained dem. I wuz to be a
+house maid. De day she took me my mammy cried kaze she knew I would never be
+'lowed to live at de cabin wid her no more Mis' Polly was big an' fat an' she
+made us niggers mind an' we had to keep clean. My dresses<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</a></span> an' aprons was starched stiff.
+I had a clean apron every day. We had white sheets on de beds an' we niggers had
+plenty to eat too, even ham. When Mis' Polly went to ride she took me in de
+carriage wid her. De driver set way up high an' me an' Mis' Polly set way down
+low. Dey was two hosses with shiney harness. I toted Mis' Polly's bag an'
+bundles, an' if she dropped her hank'chief I picked it up. I loved Mis' Polly an'
+loved stayin' at de big house.</p>
+
+<p>I was 'bout wais' high when de sojers mustered. I went wid Mis' Polly down to
+de musterin' fiel' whare dey was marchin'. I can see dey feets now when dey flung
+dem up an' down, sayin', hep, hep. When dey was all ready to go an' fight, de
+women folks fixed a big dinner. Aunt Charity an' Pete cooked two or three days
+for Mis' Polly. De table was piled wid chicken, ham, shoat, barbecue, young lam',
+an'all sorts of pies, cakes an' things, but nobody eat nothin much. Mis' Polly
+an' de ladies got to cryin.' De vittles got cold. I was so sad dat I got over in
+de corner an' cried too. De men folks all had on dey new sojer clothes, an' dey
+didn' eat nothin neither. Young Marse Jim went up an' put his arm 'roun' Mis'
+Polly, his mammy, but dat made her cry harder. Marse Jim was a cavalry. He rode a
+big hoss, an' my Uncle Dave went wid him to de fiel' as his body guard. He had a
+hoss too so if Marse Jim's hoss got shot dare would be another one for him to
+ride. Mis' Polly had another son but he was too drunk to hold a gun. He stayed
+drunk.</p>
+
+<p>De first cannon I heard skeered me near 'bout to death. We could hear dem
+goin' boom, boom. I thought it was thunder, den<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span> Mis Polly say, 'Lissen, Sarah,
+hear dem cannons? Dey's killin' our mens.' Den she 'gun to cry.</p>
+
+<p>I run in de kitchen whare Aunt Charity was cookin an' tole her Mis' Polly was
+cryin. She said: 'She ain't cryin' kaze de Yankees killin' de mens; she's doin'
+all dat cryin' kaze she skeered we's goin' to be sot free.' Den I got mad an'
+tole her Mis' Polly wuzn' like dat.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members when Wheelers Cavalry come through. Dey was 'Federates but dey was
+mean as de Yankees. Dey stold everything dey could find an' killed a pile of
+niggers. Dey come 'roun' checkin'. Dey ax de niggahs if dey wanted to be free. If
+dey say yes, den dey shot dem down, but if dey say no, dey let dem alone. Dey
+took three of my uncles out in de woods an' shot dey faces off.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members de first time de Yankees come. Dey come gallupin' down de road,
+jumpin' over de palin's, tromplin' down de rose bushes an' messin' up de flower
+beds. Dey stomped all over de house, in de kitchen, pantries, smoke house, an'
+everywhare, but dey didn' find much, kaze near 'bout everything done been hid. I
+was settin' on de steps when a big Yankee come up. He had on a cap an' his eyes
+was mean.</p>
+
+<p>'Whare did dey hide do gol' an silver, Nigger?' he yelled at me.</p>
+
+<p>I was skeered an my hands was ashy, but I tole him I didn' nothin' 'bout
+nothin; dat if anybody done hid things dey hid it while I was sleep.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'Go ax dat ole white headed devil,' he said to me.</p>
+
+<p>I got mad den kaze he was tawkin' 'bout Mis' Polly, so I didn' say nothin'. I
+jus' set. Den he pushed me off de step an' say if I didn' dance he gwine shoot my
+toes off. Skeered as I was, I sho done some shufflin'. Den he give me five
+dollers an' tole me to go buy jim cracks, but dat piece of paper won't no good.
+'Twuzn nothin' but a shin plaster like all dat war money, you couldn' spend
+it.</p>
+
+<p>Dat Yankee kept callin' Mis' Polly a white headed devil an' said she done
+ramshacked 'til dey wuzn' nothin' left, but he made his mens tote off meat,
+flour, pigs, an' chickens. After dat Mis' Polly got mighty stingy wid de vittles
+an' de didn' have no more ham.</p>
+
+<p>When de war was over de Yankees was all 'roun' de place tellin' de niggers
+what to do. Dey tole dem dey was free, dat dey didn' have to slave for de white
+folks no more. My folks all left Marse Cain an' went to live in houses dat de
+Yankees built. Dey wuz like poor white folks houses, little shacks made out of
+sticks an' mud wid stick an' mud chimneys. Dey wuzn' like Marse Cain's cabins,
+planked up an' warm, dey was full of cracks, an' dey wuzn' no lamps an' oil. All
+de light come from de lightwood knots burnin' in de fireplace.</p>
+
+<p>One day my mammy come to de big house after me. I didn' want to go, I wanted
+to stay wid Mis' Polly. I 'gun to cry an' Mammy caught hold of me. I grabbed Mis'
+Polly an' held so tight dat I tore her skirt bindin' loose an' her skirt fell
+down 'bout<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</a></span> her feets.</p>
+
+<p>'Let her stay wid me,' Mis' Polly said to Mammy.</p>
+
+<p>But Mammy shook her head. 'You took her away from me an' didn' pay no mind to
+my cryin', so now I'se takin' her back home. We's free now, Mis' Polly, we ain't
+gwine be slaves no more to nobody.' She dragged me away. I can see how Mis' Polly
+looked now. She didn' say nothin' but she looked hard at Mammy an' her face was
+white.</p>
+
+<p>Mammy took me to de stick an' mud house de Yankees done give her. It was smoky
+an' dark kaze dey wuzn' no windows. We didn' have no sheets an' no towels, so
+when I cried an' said I didn' want to live on no Yankee house, Mammy beat me an'
+made me go to bed. I laid on de straw tick lookin' up through de cracks in de
+roof. I could see de stars, an' de sky shinin' through de cracks looked like long
+blue splinters stretched 'cross de rafters. I lay dare an' cried kaze I wanted to
+go back to Mis' Polly.</p>
+
+<p>I was never hungry til we waz free an' de Yankees fed us. We didn' have nothin
+to eat 'cept hard tack an' middlin' meat. I never saw such meat. It was thin an'
+tough wid a thick skin. You could boil it allday an' all night an' it wouldn'
+cook dome, I wouldn' eat it. I thought 'twuz mule meat; mules dat done been shot
+on de battle field den dried. I still believe 'twuz mule meat.</p>
+
+<p>One day me an' my brother was lookin' for acorns in de woods. We foun' sumpin'
+like a grave in de woods. I tole Dave dey wuz sumpin' buried in dat moun'. We got
+de grubbin hoe an' dug. Dey wuz a box wid eleven hams in dat grave. Somebody done<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[Pg 253]</a></span>
+hid it from de Yankees an' forgot whare dey buried it. We covered it back up kaze
+if we took it home in de day time de Yankees an' niggers would take it away from
+us. So when night come we slipped out an' toted dem hams to de house an' hid dem
+in de loft.</p>
+
+<p>Dem was bad days. I'd rather been a slave den to been hired out like I was,
+kaze I wuzn' no fiel' hand, I was a hand maid, trained to wait on de ladies. Den
+too, I was hungry most of de time an' had to keep fightin' off dem Yankee mens.
+Dem Yankees was mean folks.</p>
+
+<p>We's come a long way since dem times. I'se lived near 'bout ninety years an'
+I'se seen an' heard much. My folks don't want me to talk 'bout slavery, day's
+shame niggers ever was slaves. But, while for most colored folks freedom is de
+bes, dey's still some niggers dat out to be slaves now. Dese niggers dat's done
+clean forgot de Lawd; dose dat's always cuttin' an' fightin' an' gwine in white
+folks houses at night, dey ought to be slaves. Dey ought to have an' Ole Marse
+wid a whip to make dem come when he say come, an' go when he say go, 'til dey
+learn to live right.</p>
+
+<p>I looks back now an' thinks. I ain't never forgot dem slavery days, an' I
+ain't never forgot Mis' Polly an' my white starched aprons.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[Pg 254]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320147]</div><span class="hw" title="HW note:">26</span>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Charles W. Dickens">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>805</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>CHARLES W. DICKENS</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Charles W. Dickens</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 11 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 201px;">
+<img src="images/c_dickens.jpg" width="201" height="300" alt="c_dickens" title="Charles Dickens" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[Pg 255]</a></span>
+
+<h4>CHARLES W. DICKENS</h4>
+
+<h5>1115 East Lenoir Street</h5>
+
+<p>My name is Charles W. Dickens. I lives at 1115 East Lenoir Street, Raleigh,
+North Carolina, Wake County. I wuz born August 16, 1861, de year de war started.
+My mother wuz named Ferebee Dickens. My father wuz named John Dickens. I had nine
+sisters and brothers. My brothers were named Allen, Douglas, <ins class="mycorr" title="HW: question mark above -my name-">my name</ins>,
+Jake, Johnnie and Jonas. The girls Katie, Matilda Francis, and Emily Dickens.</p>
+
+<p>My grandmother wuz named Charity Dickens. My grandfather wuz Dudley T.
+Dickens. I do not know where dey came from. No, I don't think I do. My mother
+belonged to Washington Scarborough, and so did we chilluns. My father he belonged
+to Obediah Dickens and missus wuz named Silvia Dickens. Dey lowed mother to go by
+the name of my father after dey wuz married.</p>
+
+<p>We lived in log houses and we had bunks in 'em. Master died, but I 'member
+missus wuz mighty good to us. We had tolerable fair food, and as fur as I know
+she wuz good to us in every way. We had good clothing made in a loom, that is de
+cloth wuz made in de loom. My father lived in Franklin County. My mother lived in
+Wake County. I 'member hearin' father talk about walkin' so fur to see us.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[Pg 256]</a></span> There wuz
+about one dozen slaves on de plantation. Dere were no hired overseers. Missus
+done her own bossing. I have heard my father speak about de patterollers, but I
+never seed none. I heard him say he could not leave the plantation without a
+strip o' something.</p>
+
+<p>No, sir, the white folks did not teach us to read and write. My mother and
+father, no sir, they didn't have any books of any kind. We went to white folk's
+church. My father split slats and made baskets to sell. He said his master let
+him have all de money he made sellin' de things he made. He learned a trade. He
+wuz a carpenter. One of the young masters got after father, so he told me, and he
+went under de house to keep him from whuppin' him. When missus come home she
+wouldn't let young master whup him. She jist wouldn't 'low it.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members de Yankees comin' through. When mother heard they were comin', she
+took us chillun and carried us down into an ole field, and after that she carried
+us back to the house. Missus lived in a two-story house. We lived in a little log
+house in front of missus' house. My mother had a shoulder of meat and she hid it
+under a mattress in the house. When the Yankees lef, she looked for it; they had
+stole the meat and gone. Yes, they stole from us slaves. The road the Yankees wuz
+travellin' wuz as thick wid' em as your fingers. I 'member their blue clothes,
+their blue caps. De chickens they were carrying on their horses wuz<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[Pg 257]</a></span> crowing. Dey
+wuz driving cows, hogs, and things. Yes sir, ahead of 'em they come first. The
+barns and lots were on one side de road dey were trabellin' on and de houses on
+de other. Atter many Yankees had passed dey put a bodyguard at de door of de
+great house, and didn't 'low no one to go in dere. I looked down at de Yankees
+and spit at 'em. Mother snatched me back, and said, 'Come back here chile, dey
+will kill you.'</p>
+
+<p>Dey carried de horses off de plantation and de meat from missus' smokehouse
+and buried it. My uncle, Louis Scarborough, stayed wid de horses. He is livin'
+yet, he is over a hundred years old. He lives down at Moores Mill, Wake County,
+near Youngsville. Before de surrender one of de boys and my uncle got to
+fightin', one of de Scarborough boys and him. My uncle threw him down. The young
+Master Scarborough jumped up, and got his knife and cut uncle's entrails out so
+uncle had to carry 'em to de house in his hands. About a year after de war my
+father carried us to Franklin County. He carried us on a steer cart. Dat's about
+all I 'member about de war.</p>
+
+<p>Abraham Lincoln wuz de man who set us free. I think he wuz a mighty good man.
+He done so much for de colored race, but what he done was intended through de
+higher power. I don't think slavery wuz right.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[Pg 258]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I think Mr. Roosevelt is a fine man, one of the best presidents in the world.
+I voted for him, and I would vote for him ag'in. He has done a lot for de people,
+and is still doin'. He got a lot of sympathy for 'em. Yas sir, a lot of sympathy
+for de people.</p>
+
+<p><small>MM</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[Pg 259]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320184]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Margaret E. Dickens">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>655</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>MARGARET E. DICKENS</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Margaret E. Dickens</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 207px;">
+<img src="images/m_dickens.jpg" width="207" height="300" alt="m_dickens" title="Margaret E. Dickens" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[Pg 260]</a></span>
+
+<h4>MARGARET E. DICKENS</h4>
+
+<h5>1115 E. Lenoir St.</h5>
+
+<p>My name is Margaret E. Dickens and I was born on the 5th of June 1861. My
+mother wuz free born; her name wuz Mary Ann Hews, but my mother wuz colored. I
+don't remember anything about Marster and Missus. My father was named Henry Byrd.
+Here is some of father's writing. My mother's father was dark. He had no
+protection. If he did any work for a white man and the white man didn't like it,
+he could take him up and whup him. My father was like a stray dog.</p>
+
+<p>My name was Margaret E. Byrd before I got married. Here is some of father's
+writing&mdash;"Margaret Elvira Byrd the daughter of Henry and Mary Ann Byrd was
+born on the 5th June 1861." My grandfather, my mother's father was a cabinet
+maker. He made coffins and tables and furniture. If he made one, and it didn't
+suit the man he would beat him and kick him around and let him go. Dis was told
+to me. My father was a carpenter. He built houses.</p>
+
+<p>I can read and write. My father could read and write. My mother could read,
+but couldn't write very much.</p>
+
+<p>I have heerd my mother say when she heerd the Yankees were commin' she had a
+brand new counterpane, my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[Pg 261]</a></span> father owned a place before he married my
+mother, the counterpane was a woolen woven counterpane. She took it off and hid
+it. The Yankees took anything they wanted, but failed to find it. We were living
+in Raleigh, at the time, on the very premises we are living on now. The old house
+has been torn down, but some of the wood is in this very house. I kin show you
+part of the old house now. My mother used to pass this place when she wuz a girl
+and she told me she never expected to live here. She was twenty years younger
+than my father. My mother, she lived here most of the time except twenty-four
+years she lived in the North. She died in 1916. My father bought the lan' in 1848
+from a man named Henry Morgan. Here is the deed.<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p>
+
+<p>When we left Raleigh, and went North we first stopped in Cambridge, Mass. This
+was with my first husband. His name was Samuel E. Reynolds. He was a preacher. He
+had a church and preached there. The East winds were so strong and cold we
+couldn't stan' it. It was too cold for us. We then went to Providence, R. I. From
+there to Elmira, N. Y. From there we went to Brooklyn, N. Y. He preached in the
+State of New York; we finally came back South, and he died right here in this
+house. I like the North very well, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[Pg 262]</a></span>but there is nothing like home, the South.
+Another thing I don't have so many white kin folks up North. I don't like to be
+called Auntie by anyone, unless they admit bein' kin to me. I was not a fool when
+I went to the North, and it made no change in me. I was raised to respect
+everybody and I tries to keep it up. Some things in the North are all right, I
+like them, but I like the South better. Yes, I guess I like the South better. I
+was married to Charles W. Dickens in 1920. He is my second husband.</p>
+
+<p>I inherited this place from my father Henry Byrd. I like well water. There is
+my well, right out here in the yard. This well was dug here when they were
+building the first house here. I believe in havin' your own home, so I have held
+on to my home, and I am goin' to try to keep holdin' on to it.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+ <p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span  class="label">[6]</span></a> An interesting feature of the deed is the fact
+ that Henry Morgan made his mark while Henry Byrd's signature is his own.</p>
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[Pg 263]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320156]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Rev. Squire Dowd">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1369</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>REV. SQUIRE DOWD</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Rev. Squire Dowd</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 1 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="trans-note">
+<span class="hw">HW: Minister&mdash;Interesting</span><br />
+<span class="hw">HW: language not negro, very senternous &amp; interesting.</span><br />
+[TR: The above comment is crossed out.]</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 221px;">
+<img src="images/r_dowd.jpg" width="221" height="300" alt="r_dowd" title="Rev. Dowd" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 204px;">
+<img src="images/rev_dowd.jpg" width="204" height="300" alt="rev_dowd" title="Reverend Dowd" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[Pg 264]</a></span>
+
+<h4>REVEREND SQUIRE DOWD</h4>
+
+<h5>202 Battle Street Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>My name is Squire Dowd, and I was born April 3, 1855. My mother's name was
+Jennie Dowd. My father's name was Elias Kennedy. My mother died in Georgia at the
+age of 70, and my father died in Moore County at the age of 82. I attended his
+funeral. My sister and her husband had carried my mother to Georgia, when my
+sister's husband went there to work in turpentine. My mother's husband was dead.
+She had married a man named Stewart. You could hardly keep up with your father
+during slavery time. It was a hard thing to do. There were few legal marriages.
+When a young man from one plantation courted a young girl on the plantation, the
+master married them, sometimes hardly knowing what he was saying.</p>
+
+<p>My master was General W. D. Dowd. He lived three miles from Carthage, in Moore
+County, North Carolina. He owned fifty slaves. The conditions were good. I had
+only ten years' experience, but it was a good experience. No man is fool enough
+to buy slaves to kill. I have never known a real slave owner to abuse his slaves.
+The abuse was done by patterollers and overseers.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[Pg 265]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I have a conservative view of slavery. I taught school for four years and I
+have been in the ministry fifty years. I was ordained a Christian minister in
+1885. I lived in Moore County until 1889, then I moved to Raleigh. I have
+feeling. I don't like for people to have a feeling that slaves are no more than
+dogs; I don't like that. It causes people to have the wrong idea of slavery. Here
+is John Bectom, a well, healthy friend of mine, 75 years of age. If we had been
+treated as some folks say, these big, healthy niggers would not be walking about
+in the South now. The great Negro leaders we have now would never have come out
+of it.</p>
+
+<p>The places we lived in were called cabins. The Negroes who were thrifty had
+nice well-kept homes; and it is thus now. The thrifty of the colored race live
+well; the others who are indolent live in hovels which smell foul and are
+filthy.</p>
+
+<p>Prayer meetings were held at night in the cabins of the slaves. On Sunday we
+went to the white folk's church. We sat in a barred-off place, in the back of the
+church or in a gallery.</p>
+
+<p>We had a big time at cornshuckings. We had plenty of good things to eat, and
+plenty of whiskey and brandy to drink. These shuckings were held at night. We had
+a good time, and I never saw a fight at a cornshucking in life. If we could catch
+the master after the shucking<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[Pg 266]</a></span> was over, we put him in a chair, we darkies,
+and toted him around and hollered, carried him into the parlor, set him down, and
+combed his hair. We only called the old master "master". We called his wife
+"missus." When the white children grew up we called them Mars. John, Miss Mary,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p>We had some money. We made baskets. On moonlight nights and holidays we
+cleared land; the master gave us what we made on the land. We had money.</p>
+
+<p>The darkies also stole for deserters during the war. They paid us for it. I
+ate what I stole, such as sugar. I was not big enough to steal for the deserters.
+I was a house boy. I stole honey. I did not know I was free until five years
+after the war. I could not realize I was free. Many of us stayed right on. If we
+had not been ruined right after the war by carpetbaggers our race would have
+been, well,&mdash;better up by this time, because they turned us against our
+masters, when our masters had everything and we had nothing. The Freedmen's
+Bureau helped us some, but we finally had to go back to the plantation in order
+to live.</p>
+
+<p>We got election days, Christmas, New Year, etc., as holidays. When we were
+slaves we had a week or more Christmas. The holidays lasted from Christmas Eve to
+after New Years. Sometimes we got passes. If our master<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[Pg 267]</a></span> would not give them to us, the
+white boys we played with would give us one. We played cat, jumping, wrestling
+and marbles. We played for fun; we did not play for money. There were 500 acres
+on the plantation. We hunted a lot, and the fur of the animals we caught we sold
+and had the money. We were allowed to raise a few chickens and pigs, which we
+sold if we wanted to.</p>
+
+<p>The white folks rode to church and the darkies walked, as many of the poor
+white folks did. We looked upon the poor white folks as our equals. They mixed
+with us and helped us to envy our masters. They looked upon our masters as we
+did.</p>
+
+<p>Negro women having children by the masters was common. My relatives on my
+mother's side, who were Kellys are mixed blooded. They are partly white. We, the
+darkies and many of the whites hate that a situation like this exists. It is
+enough to say that seeing is believing. There were many and are now mixed blooded
+people among the race.</p>
+
+<p>I was well clothed. Our clothes were made in looms. Shoes were made on the
+plantation. Distilleries were also located on the plantation. When they told me I
+was free, I did not notice it. I did not realize it till many years after when a
+man made a speech at Carthage,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[Pg 268]</a></span> telling us we were free.</p>
+
+<p>I did not like the Yankees. We were afraid of them. We had to be educated to
+love the Yankees, and to know that they freed us and were our friends. I feel
+that Abraham Lincoln was a father to us. We consider him thus because he freed
+us. The Freedmen's Bureau and carpet baggers caused us to envy our masters and
+the white folks. The Ku Klux Klan, when we pushed our rights, came in between us,
+and we did not know what to do. The Ku Klux were after the carpet baggers and the
+Negroes who followed them.</p>
+
+<p>It was understood that white people were not to teach Negroes during slavery,
+but many of the whites taught the Negroes. The children of the white folks made
+us study. I could read and write when the war was up. They made me study books,
+generally a blue-back spelling book as punishment for mean things I done. My
+Missus, a young lady about 16 years old taught a Sunday School class of colored
+boys and girls. This Sunday School was held at a different time of day from the
+white folks. Sometimes old men and old women were in these classes. I remember
+once they asked Uncle Ben Pearson who was meekest man, 'Moses' he replied. 'Who
+was the wisest man?' 'Soloman', 'Who was the strongest man?' was then asked him.
+To this he said 'They say Bill<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[Pg 269]</a></span> Medlin is the strongest, but Tom Shaw give him
+his hands full.' They were men of the community. Medlin was white, Shaw was
+colored.</p>
+
+<p>I do not like the way they have messed up our songs with classical music. I
+like the songs, 'Roll Jordan Roll', 'Old Ship of Zion', 'Swing Low Sweet
+Chariot'. Classical singers ruin them, though.</p>
+
+<p>There was no use of our going to town of Saturday afternoon to buy our
+rations, so we worked Saturday afternoons. When we got sick the doctors treated
+us. Dr. J. D. Shaw, Dr. Bruce, and Dr. Turner. They were the first doctors I ever
+heard any tell of. They treated both whites and darkies on my master's
+plantation.</p>
+
+<p>I married a Matthews, Anna Matthews, August 1881. We have one daughter. Her
+name is Ella. She married George Cheatam of Henderson, N.C. A magistrate married
+us, Mr. Pitt Cameron. It was just a quiet wedding on Saturday night with about
+one-half dozen of my friends present.</p>
+
+<p>My idea of life is to forget the bad and live for the good there is in it.
+This is my motto.</p>
+
+<p><small>B. N.</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[Pg 270]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320079]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Fannie Dunn">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>862</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>FANNIE DUNN</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Fannie Dunn</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 17 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[Pg 271]</a></span>
+
+<h4>FANNIE DUNN</h4>
+
+<h5>222 Heck Street, Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>I don't 'zakly know my age, but I knows and 'members when de Yankees come
+through Wake County. I wus a little girl an' wus so skeered I run an hid under de
+bed. De Yankees stopped at de plantation an' along de road fur a rest. I 'members
+I had diphtheria an' a Yankee doctor come an' mopped my throat. Dey had to pull
+me outen under de bed so he could doctor me.</p>
+
+<p>One Yankee would come along an' give us sumptin' an another would come on
+behind him an' take it. Dats de way dey done. One give mother a mule an' when dey
+done gone she sold it. A Yankee give mother a ham of meat, another come right on
+behind him an' took it away from her. Dere shore wus a long line of dem Yankees.
+I can 'member seeing 'em march by same as it wus yisterday. I wus not old enough
+to work, but I 'members 'em. I don't know 'zackly but I wus 'bout five years old
+when de surrender wus.</p>
+
+<p>My name before I wus married wus Fannie Sessoms an' mother wus named Della
+Sessoms. We belonged to Dr. Isaac Sessoms an' our missus wus named Hanna. My
+father wus named Perry Vick, after his marster who wus named Perry Vick. My
+missus died durin' de war an' marster never married anymore.</p>
+
+<p>I don't 'member much 'bout missus but mother tole me she wus some good woman
+an' she loved her. Marster wus mighty good<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[Pg 272]</a></span> to us an' didn't allow
+patterollers to whip us none. De slave houses wus warm and really dey wus good
+houses, an' didn't leak neither.</p>
+
+<p>I don't 'member much 'bout my grandparents, just a little mother tole me 'bout
+'em. Grandma 'longed to de Sessoms an' Dr. Isaac Sessoms brother wus mother's
+father. Mother tole me dat. Look at dat picture, mister, you see you can't tell
+her from a white woman. Dats my mother's picture. She wus as white as you wid
+long hair an' a face like a white woman. She been dead 'bout twenty years. My
+mother said dat we all fared good, but course we wore homemade clothes an' wooden
+bottomed shoes.</p>
+
+<p>We went to the white folks church at Red Oak an' Rocky Mount Missionary
+Baptist Churches. We were allowed to have prayer meetings at de slave houses, two
+an' three times a week. I 'members goin' to church 'bout last year of de war wid
+mother. I had a apple wid me an' I got hungry an' wanted to eat it in meetin' but
+mother jest looked at me an' touched my arm, dat wus enough. I didn't eat de
+apple. I can 'member how bad I wanted to eat it. Don't 'member much 'bout dat
+sermon, guess I put my mind on de apple too much.</p>
+
+<p>Marster had about twenty slaves an' mother said dey had always been allowed to
+go to church an' have prayer meetings 'fore I wus born. Marster had both white
+an' colored overseers but he would not allow any of his overseers to bulldoze
+over his slaves too much. He would call a overseer down for bein' rough at de
+wrong time. Charles Sessoms wus one of marster's colored<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[Pg 273]</a></span> overseers. He 'longed to
+marster, an' mother said marster always listened to what Charles said. Dey said
+marster had always favored him even 'fore he made him overseer. Charles Sessoms
+fell dead one day an' mother found him. She called Marster Sessoms an' he come
+an' jest cried. Mother said when Marster come he wus dead shore enough, dat
+marster jest boohooed an' went to de house, an' wouldn't look at him no more till
+dey started to take him to de grave. Everybody on de plantation went to his
+buryin' an' funeral an' some from de udder plantation dat joined ourn.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members but little 'bout my missus, but 'members one time she run me when I
+wus goin' home from de great house, an' she said, 'I am goin' to catch you, now I
+catch you'. She pickin' at me made me love her. When she died mother tole me
+'bout her bein' dead an' took me to her buryin'. Next day I wanted to go an' get
+her up. I tole mother I wanted her to come home an' eat. Mother cried an' took me
+up in her arms, an' said, 'Honey missus will never eat here again.' I wus so
+young I didn't understand.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Sessoms an' also Dr. Drake, who married his daughter, doctored us when we
+wus sick. Dr. Joe Drake married marster's only daughter Harriet an' his only son
+David died in Mississippi. He had a plantation dere.</p>
+
+<p>I been married only once. I wus married forty years ago to Sidney Dunn. I had
+one chile, she's dead.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[Pg 274]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>From what I knows of slavery an' what my mother tole me I can't say it wus a
+bad thing. Mister, I wants to tell de truth an' I can't say its bad 'cause my
+mother said she had a big time as a slave an' I knows I had a good time an' wus
+treated right.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[Pg 275]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320187]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Jennylin Dunn">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>382</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>JENNYLIN DUNN</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Jennylin Dunn</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 199px;">
+<img src="images/j_dunn.jpg" width="199" height="300" alt="j_dunn" title="Jennylin Dunn" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[Pg 276]</a></span>
+
+<h4>JENNYLIN DUNN</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave Story<br />
+An interview with Jennylin Dunn 87, of 315 Bledsoe Avenue, Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>I wuz borned hyar in Wake County eighty-seben years ago. Me an' my folks an'
+bout six others belonged ter Mis' Betsy Lassiter who wuz right good ter us, do'
+she sho' did know dat chilluns needs a little brushin' now an' den.</p>
+
+<p>My papa wuz named Isaac, my mammy wuz named Liza, an' my sisters wuz named
+Lucy, Candice an' Harriet. Dar wuz one boy what died 'fore I can 'member an' I
+doan know his name.</p>
+
+<p>We ain't played no games ner sung no songs, but we had fruit ter eat an' a
+heap of watermillions ter eat in de season.</p>
+
+<p>I seed seberal slabe sales on de block, front of de Raleigh Cou't house, an'
+yo' can't think how dese things stuck in my mind. A whole heap o' times I seed
+mammies sold from dere little babies, an' dar wuz no'min' den, as yo' knows.</p>
+
+<p>De patterollers wuz sumpin dat I wuz skeerd of. I know jist two o' 'em, Mr.
+Billy Allen Dunn an' Mr. Jim Ray, an' I'se hyard of some scandelous things dat
+dey done. Dey do say dat dey whupped some of de niggers scandelous.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[Pg 277]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When dey hyard dat de Yankees wuz on dere way ter hyar dey says ter us dat dem
+Yankees eats little nigger youngins, an' we shore stays hid.</p>
+
+<p>I jist seed squeamishin' parties lookin' fer sumpin' ter eat, an' I'se hyard
+dat dey tuck ever'thing dey comes 'crost. A whole heap of it dey flunged away,
+an' atterwards dey got hongry too.</p>
+
+<p>One of 'em tried ter tell us dat our white folks stold us from our country an'
+brung us hyar, but since den I foun' out dat de Yankees stole us dereselves, an'
+den dey sold us ter our white folkses.</p>
+
+<p>Atter de war my pappy an' mammy brung us ter Raleigh whar I'se been libin'
+since dat time. We got along putty good, an' de Yankees sont us some teachers,
+but most o' us wuz so busy scramblin' roun' makin' a livin' dat we ain't got no
+time fer no schools.</p>
+
+<p>I reckon dat hit wuz better dat de slaves wuz freed, but I still loves my
+white folkses, an' dey loves me.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[Pg 278]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320125]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Lucy Ann Dunn">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1119</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>AUNT LUCY'S LOVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Lucy Ann Dunn</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 1 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[Pg 279]</a></span>
+
+<h4>AUNT LUCY'S LOVE STORY</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Lucy Ann Dunn, 90 years old, 220 Cannon Street, Raleigh,
+N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>My pappy, Dempsey, my mammy, Rachel an' my brothers an' sisters an' me all
+belonged ter Marse Peterson Dunn of Neuse, here in Wake County. Dar wus five of
+us chilluns, Allen, Charles, Corina, Madora an' me, all borned before de war.</p>
+
+<p>My mammy wus de cook, an' fur back as I 'members almost, I wus a house girl. I
+fanned flies offen de table an' done a heap of little things fer Mis' Betsy,
+Marse Peterson's wife. My pappy worked on de farm, which wus boun' ter have been
+a big plantation wid two hundert an' more niggers ter work hit.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members when word come dat war wus declared, how Mis' Betsy cried an'
+prayed an' how Marse Peter quarreled an' walked de floor cussin' de Yankees.</p>
+
+<p>De war comes on jist de same an' some of de men slaves wus sent ter Roanoke
+ter hep buil' de fort. Yes mam, de war comes ter de great house an' ter de slave
+cabins jist alike.</p>
+
+<p>De great house wus large an' white washed, wid green blinds an' de slave
+cabins wus made of slabs wid plank floors. We had plenty ter eat an' enough ter
+wear an' we wus happy. We had our fun an' we had our troubles, lak little
+whuppin's, when we warn't good, but dat warn't often.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[Pg 280]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Atter so long a time de rich folkses tried ter hire, er make de po' white
+trash go in dere places, but some of dem won't go. Dey am treated so bad dat some
+of dem cides ter be Ku Kluxes an' dey goes ter de woods ter live. When we starts
+ter take up de aigs er starts from de spring house wid de butter an' milk dey
+grabs us an' takes de food fer dereselbes.</p>
+
+<p>Dis goes on fer a long time an' finally one day in de spring I sets on de
+porch an' I hear a roar. I wus 'sponsible fer de goslins dem days so I sez ter de
+missus, 'I reckin dat I better git in de goslins case I hear hit
+a-thunderin'.</p>
+
+<p>'Dat ain't no thunder, nigger, dat am de canon', she sez.</p>
+
+<p>'What canon', I axes?</p>
+
+<p>'Why de canon what dey am fightin' wid', she sez.</p>
+
+<p>Well dat ebenin' I is out gittin' up de goslins when I hears music, I looks up
+de road an' I sees flags, an' 'bout dat time de Yankees am dar a-killin' as dey
+goes. Dey kills de geese, de ducks, de chickens, pigs an' ever'thing. Dey goes
+ter de house an' dey takes all of de meat, de meal, an' ever'thing dey can git
+dere paws on.</p>
+
+<p>When dey goes ter de kitchen whar mammy am cookin' she cuss dem out an' run
+dem outen her kitchen. Dey shore am a rough lot.</p>
+
+<p>I aint never fergot how Mis' Betsy cried when de news of de surrender come.
+She aint said nothin' but Marse Peter he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[Pg 281]</a></span> makes a speech sayin' dat he aint had ter sell
+none of us, dat he aint whupped none of us bad, dat nobody has ever run away from
+him yet. Den he tells us dat all who wants to can stay right on fer wages.</p>
+
+<p>Well we stayed two years, even do my pappy died de year atter de surrender,
+den we moves ter Marse Peter's other place at Wake Forest. Atter dat we moves
+back ter Neuse.</p>
+
+<p>Hit wus in de little Baptist church at Neuse whar I fust seed big black Jim
+Dunn an' I fell in love wid him den, I reckons. He said dat he loved me den too,
+but hit wus three Sundays 'fore he axed ter see me home.</p>
+
+<p>We walked dat mile home in front of my mammy an' I wus so happy dat I aint
+thought hit a half a mile home. We et cornbread an' turnips fer dinner an' hit
+wus night 'fore he went home. Mammy wouldn't let me walk wid him ter de gate. I
+knowed, so I jist sot dar on de porch an' sez good night.</p>
+
+<p>He come ever' Sunday fer a year an' finally he proposed. I had told mammy dat
+I thought dat I ort ter be allowed ter walk ter de gate wid Jim an' she said all
+right iffen she wus settin' dar on de porch lookin'.</p>
+
+<p>Dat Sunday night I did walk wid Jim ter de gate an' stood under de
+honeysuckles dat wus a-smellin' so sweet. I heard de big ole bullfrogs a-croakin'
+by de riber an' de whipper-wills a-hollerin' in de woods. Dar wus a big yaller<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[Pg 282]</a></span>
+moon, an' I reckon Jim did love me. Anyhow he said so an' axed me ter marry him
+an' he squeezed my han'.</p>
+
+<p>I tol' him I'd think hit ober an' I did an' de nex' Sunday I tol' him dat I'd
+have him.</p>
+
+<p>He aint kissed me yet but de nex' Sunday he axes my mammy fer me. She sez dat
+she'll have ter have a talk wid me an' let him know.</p>
+
+<p>Well all dat week she talks ter me, tellin' me how serious gittin' married is
+an' dat hit lasts a powerful long time.</p>
+
+<p>I tells her dat I knows hit but dat I am ready ter try hit an' dat I intends
+ter make a go of hit, anyhow.</p>
+
+<p>On Sunday night mammy tells Jim dat he can have me an' yo' orter seed dat
+black boy grin. He comes ter me widout a word an' he picks me up outen dat cheer
+an' dar in de moonlight he kisses me right 'fore my mammy who am a-cryin'.</p>
+
+<p>De nex' Sunday we wus married in de Baptist church at Neuse. I had a new white
+dress, do times wus hard.</p>
+
+<p>We lived tergether fifty-five years an' we always loved each other. He aint
+never whup ner cuss me an' do we had our fusses an' our troubles we trusted in de
+Lawd an' we got through. I loved him durin' life an' I love him now, do he's been
+daid now fer twelve years.</p>
+
+<p>The old lady with her long white hair bowed her head and sobbed for a moment
+then she began again unsteadily.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[Pg 283]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We had eight chilluns, but only four of dem are livin' now. De livin' are
+James, Sidney, Helen an' Florence who wus named fer Florence Nightingale.</p>
+
+<p>I can't be here so much longer now case I'se gittin' too old an' feeble an' I
+wants ter go ter Jim anyhow. The old woman wiped her eyes, 'I thinks of him all
+de time, but seems lak we're young agin when I smell honeysuckles er see a yaller
+moon.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[Pg 284]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320271]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Tempie Herdon Durham">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 3</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Travis Jordan</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Tempie Herdon Durham</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave 103 Years Old</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>1312 Pine St., Durham, N.C.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 23 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 174px;">
+<img src="images/t_durham.jpg" width="174" height="300" alt="t_durham" title="Tempie Herndon Durham" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[Pg 285]</a></span>
+
+<h4>TEMPIE HERNDON DURHAM</h4>
+
+<h5>EX-SLAVE 103 YEARS OLD<br />
+1312 PINE ST., DURHAM, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>I was thirty-one years ole when de surrender come. Dat makes me sho nuff ole.
+Near 'bout a hundred an' three years done passed over dis here white head of
+mine. I'se been here, I mean I'se been here. 'Spects I'se de olest nigger in
+Durham. I'se been here so long dat I done forgot near 'bout as much as dese here
+new generation niggers knows or ever gwine know.</p>
+
+<p>My white fo'ks lived in Chatham County. Dey was Marse George an' Mis' Betsy
+Herndon. Mis Betsy was a Snipes befo' she married Marse George. Dey had a big
+plantation an' raised cawn, wheat, cotton an' 'bacca. I don't know how many field
+niggers Marse George had, but he had a mess of dem, an' he had hosses too, an'
+cows, hogs an' sheeps. He raised sheeps an' sold de wool, an' dey used de wool at
+de big house too. Dey was a big weavin' room whare de blankets was wove, an' dey
+wove de cloth for de winter clothes too. Linda Hernton an' Milla Edwards was de
+head weavers, dey looked after de weavin' of de fancy blankets. Mis' Betsy was a
+good weaver too. She weave de same as de niggers. She say she love de clackin'
+soun' of de loom, an' de way de shuttles run in an' out carryin' a long tail of
+bright colored thread. Some days she set at de loom all de mawnin' peddlin' wid
+her feets an' her white han's flittin' over de bobbins.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[Pg 286]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>De cardin' an' spinnin' room was full of niggers. I can hear dem spinnin'
+wheels now turnin' roun' an' sayin' hum-m-m-m, hum-m-m-m, an' hear de slaves
+singin' while dey spin. Mammy Rachel stayed in de dyein' room. Dey wuzn' nothin'
+she didn' know' bout dyein'. She knew every kind of root, bark, leaf an' berry
+dat made red, blue, green, or whatever color she wanted. Dey had a big shelter
+whare de dye pots set over de coals. Mammy Rachel would fill de pots wid water,
+den she put in de roots, bark an' stuff an' boil de juice out, den she strain it
+an'put in de salt an' vinegar to set de color. After de wool an' cotton done been
+carded an' spun to thread, Mammy take de hanks an' drap dem in de pot of bollin'
+dye. She stir dem' roun' an' lif' dem up an' down wid a stick, an' when she hang
+dem up on de line in de sun, dey was every color of de rainbow. When dey dripped
+dry dey was sent to de weavin' room whare dey was wove in blankets an'
+things.</p>
+
+<p>When I growed up I married Exter Durham. He belonged to Marse Snipes Durham
+who had de plantation 'cross de county line in Orange County. We had a big
+weddin'. We was married on de front po'ch of de big house. Marse George killed a
+shoat an' Mis' Betsy had Georgianna, de cook, to bake a big weddin' cake all iced
+up white as snow wid a bride an' groom standin' in de middle holdin' han's. De
+table was set out in de yard under de trees, an' you ain't never seed de like of
+eats. All de niggers come to de feas' an' Marse George had a dram for everybody.
+Dat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[Pg 287]</a></span> was
+some weddin'. I had on a white dress, white shoes an' long white gloves dat come
+to my elbow, an' Mis' Betsy done made me a weddin' veil out of a white net window
+curtain. When she played de weddin ma'ch on de piano, me an' Exter ma'ched down
+de walk an' up on de po'ch to de altar Mis' Betsy done fixed. Dat de pretties'
+altar I ever seed. Back 'gainst de rose vine dat was full or red roses, Mis'
+Betsy done put tables filled wid flowers an' white candles. She done spread down
+a bed sheet, a sho nuff linen sheet, for us to stan' on, an' dey was a white
+pillow to kneel down on. Exter done made me a weddin' ring. He made it out of a
+big red button wid his pocket knife. He done cut it so roun' an' polished it so
+smooth dat it looked like a red satin ribbon tide 'roun' my finger. Dat sho was a
+pretty ring. I wore it 'bout fifty years, den it got so thin dat I lost it one
+day in de wash tub when I was washin' clothes.</p>
+
+<p>Uncle Edmond Kirby married us. He was de nigger preacher dat preached at de
+plantation church. After Uncle Edmond said de las' words over me an' Exter, Marse
+George got to have his little fun: He say, 'Come on, Exter, you an' Tempie got to
+jump over de broom stick backwards; you got to do dat to see which one gwine be
+boss of your househol'.' Everybody come stan' 'roun to watch. Marse George hold
+de broom 'bout a foot high off de floor. De one dat jump over it backwards an'
+never touch de handle, gwine boss de house, an' if bof of dem jump over widout
+touchin' it, dey won't gwine be no bossin', dey jus'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[Pg 288]</a></span> gwine be 'genial. I jumped
+fus', an' you ought to seed me. I sailed right over dat broom stick same as a
+cricket, but when Exter jump he done had a big dram an' his feets was so big an'
+clumsy dat dey got all tangled up in dat broom an' he fell head long. Marse
+George he laugh an' laugh, an' tole Exter he gwine be bossed 'twell he skeered to
+speak less'n I tole him to speak. After de weddin' we went down to de cabin Mis'
+Betsy done all dressed up, but Exter couldn' stay no longer den dat night kaze he
+belonged to Marse Snipes Durham an' he had to back home. He lef' de nex day for
+his plantation, but he come back every Saturday night an' stay 'twell Sunday
+night. We had eleven chillun. Nine was bawn befo' surrender an' two after we was
+set free. So I had two chillun dat wuzn' bawn in bondage. I was worth a heap to
+Marse George kaze I had so manny chillun. De more chillun a slave had de more dey
+was worth. Lucy Carter was de only nigger on de plantation dat had more chillun
+den I had. She had twelve, but her chillun was sickly an' mine was muley strong
+an' healthy. Dey never was sick.</p>
+
+<p>When de war come Marse George was too ole to go, but young Marse Bill went. He
+went an' took my brother Sim wid him. Marse Bill took Sim along to look after his
+hoss an' everything. Dey didn' neither one get shot, but Mis' Betsy was skeered
+near 'bout to death all de time, skeered dey was gwine be brung home shot all to
+pieces like some of de sojers was.</p>
+
+<p>De Yankees wuzn' so bad. De mos' dey wanted was sumpin' to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[Pg 289]</a></span> eat. Dey was
+all de time hungry, de fus' thing dey ax for when dey came was sumpin' to put in
+dey stomach. An' chicken! I ain' never seed even a preacher eat chicken like dem
+Yankees. I believes to my soul dey ain' never seed no chicken 'twell dey come
+down here. An' hot biscuit too. I seed a passel of dem eat up a whole sack of
+flour one night for supper. Georgianna sif' flour 'twell she look white an' dusty
+as a miller. Dem sojers didn' turn down no ham neither. Dat de onlies' thing dey
+took from Marse George. Dey went in de smoke house an' toted off de hams an'
+shoulders. Marse George say he come off mighty light if dat all dey want, 'sides
+he got plenty of shoats anyhow.</p>
+
+<p>We had all de eats we wanted while de war was shootin' dem guns, kaze Marse
+George was home an' he kep' de niggers workin'. We had chickens, gooses, meat,
+peas, flour, meal, potatoes an' things like dat all de time, an' milk an' butter
+too, but we didn' have no sugar an' coffee. We used groun' pa'ched cawn for
+coffee an' cane 'lasses for sweetnin'. Dat wuzn' so bad wid a heap of thick
+cream. Anyhow, we had enough to eat to 'vide wid de neighbors dat didn' have none
+when surrender come.</p>
+
+<p>I was glad when de war stopped kaze den me an' Exter could be together all de
+time 'stead of Saturday an' Sunday. After we was free we lived right on at Marse
+George's plantation a long time. We rented de lan' for a fo'th of what we made,
+den after while be bought a farm. We paid three hundred dollars we done saved. We
+had a hoss, a steer, a cow an' two pigs, 'sides some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[Pg 290]</a></span> chickens an' fo' geese. Mis'
+Betsy went up in de attic an' give us a bed an' bed tick; she give us enough
+goose feathers to make two pillows, den she give us a table an' some chairs. She
+give us some dishes too. Marse George give Exter a bushel of seed cawn an some
+seed wheat, den he tole him to go down to de barn an' get a bag of cotton seed.
+We got all dis den we hitched up de wagon an' th'owed in de passel of chillun an'
+moved to our new farm, an' de chillun was put to work in de fiel'; dey growed up
+in de fiel' kaze dey was put to work time dey could walk good.</p>
+
+<p>Freedom is all right, but de niggers was better off befo' surrender, kaze den
+dey was looked after an' dey didn' get in no trouble fightin' an' killin' like
+dey do dese days. If a nigger cut up an' got sassy in slavery times, his Ole
+Marse give him a good whippin' an' he went way back an' set down an' 'haved
+hese'f. If he was sick, Marse an' Mistis looked after him, an' if he needed store
+medicine, it was bought an' give to him; he didn' have to pay nothin'. Dey didn'
+even have to think' bout clothes nor nothin' like dat, dey was wove an' made an'
+give to dem. Maybe everybody's Marse an' Mistis wuzn' good as Marse George an'
+Mis' Betsy, but dey was de same as a mammy an' pappy to us niggers.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[Pg 291]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320160]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="George Eatman">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>466</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>EX-SLAVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>George Eatman</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 1 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 220px;">
+<img src="images/g_eatman.jpg" width="220" height="300" alt="g_eatman" title="George Eatman" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[Pg 292]</a></span>
+
+<h4>EX-SLAVE STORY</h4>
+
+<h5>An Interview on May 18, 1937 with George Eatman, 93, of Cary, R. #1.</h5>
+
+<p>I belonged ter Mr. Gus Eatman who lived at de ole Templeton place on de Durham
+highway back as fer as I can 'member. I doan r'member my mammy an' pappy case dey
+wuz sold 'fore I knowed anything. I raised myself an' I reckon dat I done a fair
+job uv it. De marster an' missus wuz good to dere twenty-five slaves an' we ain't
+neber got no bad whuppin's.</p>
+
+<p>I doan 'member much playin' an' such like, but I de 'members dat I wuz de
+handy boy 'round de house.</p>
+
+<p>De Confederate soldiers camp at Ephesus Church one night, an' de nex' day de
+marster sent me ter de mill on Crabtree. Yo' 'members where ole Company mill is,
+I reckon? Well, as I rode de mule down de hill, out comes Wheeler's Calvalry,
+which am as mean as de Yankees, an' dey ax me lots uv questions. Atter awhile dey
+rides on an' leaves me 'lone.</p>
+
+<p>While I am at de mill one uv Wheeler's men takes my mule an' my co'n, an' I
+takes de ole saddle an' starts<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[Pg 293]</a></span> ter walkin' back home. All de way, most, I
+walks in de woods, case Wheeler's men am still passin'.</p>
+
+<p>When I gits ter de Morgan place I hyars de cannons a-boomin', ahh&mdash;h I
+ain't neber hyar sich a noise, an' when I gits so dat I can see dar dey goes, as
+thick as de hairs on a man's haid. I circles round an' gits behin' dem an' goes
+inter de back uv de-house. Well, dar stan's a Yankee, an' he axes Missus Mary fer
+de smokehouse key. She gibes it ter him an' dey gits all uv de meat.</p>
+
+<p>One big can uv grease am all dat wuz saved, an' dat wuz burried in de broom
+straw down in de fiel'.</p>
+
+<p>Dey camps roun' dar dat night an' dey shoots ever chicken, pig, an' calf dey
+sees. De nex' day de marster goes ter Raleigh, an' gits a gyard, but dey has done
+stole all our stuff an' we am liven' mostly on parched co'n.</p>
+
+<p>De only patterollers I knowed wuz Kenyan Jones an' Billy Pump an' dey wuz
+called po' white trash. Dey owned blood houn's, an' chased de niggers an' whupped
+dem shamful, I hyars. I neber seed but one Ku Klux an' he wuz sceered o'
+dem.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[Pg 294]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Atter de war we stayed on five or six years case we ain't had no place else
+ter go.</p>
+
+<p>We ain't liked Abraham Lincoln, case he wuz a fool ter think dat we could live
+widout de white folkses, an' Jeff Davis wuz tryin' ter keep us, case he wuz
+greedy an' he wanted ter be de boss dog in politics.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[Pg 295]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320121]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Doc Edwards">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 32</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Whaley</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-slave Story.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Doc Edwards</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-slave. 84 Yrs</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Staggville, N.C.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 6 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class="hw">HW: Capital A&mdash;circled</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[Pg 296]</a></span>
+
+<h4>DOC EDWARDS</h4>
+
+<h5>EX-SLAVE, 84 Yrs.</h5>
+
+<p>I was bawn at Staggville, N.C., in 1853. I belonged to Marse Paul Cameron. My
+pappy was Murphy McCullers. Mammy's name was Judy. Dat would make me a McCullers,
+but I was always knowed as Doc Edwards an' dat is what I am called to dis
+day.</p>
+
+<p>I growed up to be de houseman an' I cooked for Marse Benehan,&mdash;Marse
+Paul's son. Marse Benehan was good to me. My health failed from doing so much
+work in de house an' so I would go for a couple of hours each day an' work in de
+fiel' to be out doors an' get well again.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Paul had so many niggers dat he never counted dem. When we opened de
+gate for him or met him in de road he would say, "Who is you? Whare you belong?"
+We would say, "We belong to Marse Paul." "Alright, run along" he'd say den, an'
+he would trow us a nickel or so.</p>
+
+<p>We had big work shops whare we made all de tools, an' even de shovels was made
+at home. Dey was made out of wood, so was de rakes, pitchforks an' some of de
+hoes. Our nails was made in de blacksmith shop by han' an' de picks an' grubbin'
+hoes, too.</p>
+
+<p>We had a han' thrashing machine. It was roun' like a stove pipe, only bigger.
+We fed de wheat to it an' shook it' til de wheat was loose from de straw an' when
+it come out at de other end it fell on a big cloth, bigger den de sheets. We had
+big curtains all roun' de cloth on de floor, like a tent, so de wheat wouldn' get
+scattered. Den we took de pitchfork an' lifted de straw up an' down so de wheat
+would go on de cloth. Den we moved de straw when de wheat was all loose<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[Pg 297]</a></span> Den we
+fanned de wheat wid big pieces of cloth to get de dust an' dirt outen it, so it
+could be taken to de mill an' groun' when it was wanted.</p>
+
+<p>When de fall come we had a regular place to do different work. We had han'
+looms an' wove our cotton an' yarn an' made de cloth what was to make de clothes
+for us to wear.</p>
+
+<p>We had a shop whare our shoes was made. De cobbler would make our shoes wid
+wooden soles. After de soles was cut out dey would be taken down to de blacksmiyh
+an' he would put a thin rim of iron aroun' de soles to keep dem from splitting.
+Dese soles was made from maple an' ash wood.</p>
+
+<p>We didn' have any horses to haul wid. We used oxen an' ox-carts. De horse and
+mules was used to do de plowin'.</p>
+
+<p>When de Yankees come dey didn' do so much harm, only dey tole us we was free
+niggers. But I always feel like I belong to Marse Paul, an' i still live at
+Staggville on de ole plantation. I has a little garden an' does what I can to
+earn a little somethin'. De law done fixed it so now dat I will get a little
+pension, an' I'll stay right on in dat little house 'til de good Lawd calls me
+home, den I will see Marse Paul once more.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[Pg 298]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320001]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="John Evans">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 11</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mrs. W. N. Harriss</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>658</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>John Evans</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Born in Slavery</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mrs. W. N. Harriss</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"SEP&mdash;1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 291px;">
+<img src="images/j_evans.jpg" width="291" height="300" alt="j_evans" title="John Evans" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+
+<h5>Interviewed<br />
+John Evans on the street and in this Office. Residence changes frequently.</h5>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[Pg 299]</a></span>
+
+<h4>Story of John Evans Born in Slavery.</h4>
+
+<p>I was born August 15th, 1859. I am 78 years old. Dat comes out right, don't
+it? My mother's name was Hattie Newbury. I don't never remember seein' my Pa. We
+lived on Middle Sound an' dat's where I was born. I knows de room, 'twas
+upstairs, an' when I knowed it, underneath, downstairs dat is, was bags of seed
+an' horse feed, harness an' things, but it was slave quarters when I come
+heah.</p>
+
+<p>Me an' my mother stayed right on with Mis' Newberry after freedom, an' never
+knowed no diffunce. They was jus' like sisters an' I never knowed nothin' but
+takin' keer of Mistus Newberry. She taught me my letters an' the Bible, an' was
+mighty perticler 'bout my manners. An' I'm tellin' you my manners is brought me a
+heap more money than my readin'&mdash;or de Bible. I'm gwine tell you how dat is,
+but fust I want to say the most I learned on Middle Sound was' bout fishin' an'
+huntin'. An' dawgs.</p>
+
+<p>My! But there sho' was birds an' possums on de Sound in dem days. Pa'tridges
+all over de place. Why, even me an' my Mammy et pa'tridges fer bre'kfust. Think
+of dat now! But when I growed up my job was fishin'. I made enough sellin' fish
+to the summer folks all along Wrightsville and Greenville Sounds to keep me all
+winter.</p>
+
+<p>My Mammy cooked fer Mis' Newberry. After a while they both died. I never
+did'nt git married.</p>
+
+<p>I don't know nothin' 'bout all the mean things I hear tell<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[Pg 300]</a></span> about slaves
+an' sich. We was just one fam'ly an' had all we needed. We never paid no 'tention
+to freedom or not freedom. I remember eve'ybody had work to do in slavery an' dey
+gone right on doin' it sence. An' nobody don't git nowheres settin' down holdin'
+their han's. It do'n make so much diffunce anyhow what you does jes so's you does
+it.</p>
+
+<p>One time when I was carryin' in my fish to <ins class="edcorr" title="difficult to read">"Airlie"</ins>
+Mr. Pem Jones heard me laff, an' after I opened dis here mouf of mine an' laffed
+fer him I didn't have to bother 'bout fish no mo'. Lordy, dose rich folks he used
+to bring down fum New Yo'k is paid me as much as <span class="u">sixty</span>
+dollars a week to laff fer 'em. One of 'em was named Mr. <span class="u">Fish</span>. Now you know dat tickled <i>me</i>. I could jes laff an'
+laff 'bout dat. Mr. Pem give me fine clo'es an' a tall silk hat. I'd eat a big
+dinner in de kitchen an' den go in' mongst de quality an' laff fer' em an' make
+my noise like a wood saw in my th'oat. Dey was crazy 'bout dat. An' then's when I
+began to be thankful 'bout my manners. I's noticed if you has nice manners wid
+eve'ybody people gwine to be nice to you.</p>
+
+<p>Well, (with a long sigh) I don't pick up no sich money nowadays; but my
+manners gives me many a chance to laff, an' I never don't go hungry.</p>
+
+<p>John has been a well known character for fifty years among the summer
+residents along the sounds and on Wrightsville Beach. He was a fisherman and
+huckster in his palmy days, but now John's vigor is on the wane, and he has
+little left with which to gain a livelihood except his unusually contagious
+laugh, and a truly remarkable flow of words. "Old John" could give Walter Winchel
+a handicap of twenty words a minute and then beat him at his own game.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[Pg 301]</a></span> His mouth is
+enormous and his voice deep and resonant. He can make a noise like a wood saw
+which he maintains for 2 or 3 minutes without apparent effort, the sound buzzing
+on and on from some mysterious depths of his being with amazing perfection of
+imitation.</p>
+
+<p>Any day during the baseball season John may be seen sandwiched between his
+announcement boards, a large bell in one hand, crying the ball game of the day.
+"Old John" to the youngsters; but finding many a quarter dropped in his hand by
+the older men with memories of gay hours and hearty laughter.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[Pg 302]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320198]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Lindsay Faucette">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 3</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Whaley</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>EX-SLAVE</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Lindsay Faucette</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Church Street,</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Durham, N.C.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUL 2 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[Pg 303]</a></span>
+
+<h4>LINDSEY FAUCETTE, 86 Yrs.</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-slave.</h5>
+
+<p>Yes, Mis', I wuz bawn in 1851, de 16th of November, on de Occoneechee
+Plantation, owned by Marse John Norwood an' his good wife, Mis' Annie. An' when I
+say 'good' I mean jus dat, for no better people ever lived den my Marse John an'
+Mis' Annie.</p>
+
+<p>One thing dat made our Marse an' Mistis so good wuz de way dey brought up us
+niggers. We wuz called to de big house an' taught de Bible an' dey wuz Bible
+readin's every day. We wuz taught to be good men an' women an' to be hones'.
+Marse never sold any of us niggers. But when his boys and girls got married he
+would give dem some of us to take with dem.</p>
+
+<p>Marse never allowed us to be whipped. One time we had a white overseer an' he
+whipped a fiel' han' called Sam Norwood, til de blood come. He beat him so bad
+dat de other niggers had to take him down to de river an' wash de blood off. When
+Marse come an' foun' dat out he sent dat white man off an' wouldn' let him stay
+on de plantation over night. He jus' wouldn' have him roun' de place no longer.
+He made Uncle Whitted de overseer kase he wuz one of de oldest slaves he had an'
+a good nigger.</p>
+
+<p>When any of us niggers got sick Mis' Annie would come down to de cabin to see
+us. She brung de best wine, good chicken an' chicken soup an' everything else she
+had at de big house dat she thought we would like, an' she done everything she
+could to get us well again.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[Pg 304]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Marse John never worked us after dark. We worked in de day an' had de nights
+to play games an' have singin's. We never cooked on a Sunday. Everything we ett
+on dat day was cooked on Saturday. Dey wuzn' lighted in de cook stoves or fire
+places in de big house or cabins neither. Everybody rested on Sunday. De tables
+wuz set an' de food put on to eat, but nobody cut any wood an' dey wuzn' no other
+work don' on dat day. Mammy Beckie wuz my gran'mammy an' she toted de keys to de
+pantry an' smoke house, an' her word went wid Marse John an' Mis' Annie.</p>
+
+<p>Marse John wuz a great lawyer an' when he went to Pittsboro an' other places
+to practice, if he wuz to stay all night, Mis' Annie had my mammy sleep right in
+bed wid her, so she wouldn' be 'fraid.</p>
+
+<p>Marse an Mistis had three sons an' three daughters,&mdash;De oldest son wuz
+not able to go to war. He had studied so hard dat it had 'fected his mind, so he
+stayed at home. De secon' son, named Albert, went to war an' wuz brought back
+dead with a bullet hole through his head. Dat liked to have killed Marse John an'
+Mis' Annie. Dey wuz three girls, named, Mis' Maggie, Mis' Ella Bella and Mis'
+Rebena.</p>
+
+<p>I wuz de cow-tender. I took care of de cows an' de calves. I would have to
+hold de calf up to de mother cow 'til de milk would come down an' den I would
+have to hold it away 'til somebody done de milkin'. I tended de horses, too, an'
+anything else dat I wuz told to do.</p>
+
+<p>When de war started an' de Yankees come, dey didn' do much harm to our place.
+Marse had all de silver an' money an' other things of value hid under a big rock
+be de river an' de Yankees never did fine anything dat we hid.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[Pg 305]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Our own sojers did more harm on our plantation den de Yankees. Dey camped in
+de woods an' never did have nuff to eat an' took what dey wanted. An' lice! I
+ain't never seed de like. It took fifteen years for us to get shed of de lice dat
+de sojers lef' behind. You jus' couldn' get dem out of your clothes les' you
+burned dem up. Dey wuz hard to get shed of.</p>
+
+<p>After de war wuz over Marse John let Pappy have eighteen acres of land for de
+use of two of his boys for a year. My pappy made a good crop of corn, wheat an'
+other food on dis land. Dey wuz a time when you couldn' find a crust of bread or
+piece of meat in my mammy's pantry for us to eat, an' when she did get a little
+meat or bread she would divide it between us chillun, so each would have a share
+an' go without herself an' never conplained.</p>
+
+<p>When pappy wuz makin' his crop some of de others would ask him why he didn'
+take up some of his crop and get somethin' to eat. He would answer an' say dat
+when he left dat place he intended to take his crop with him an' he did. He took
+plenty of corn, wheat, potatoes an' other food, a cow, her calf, mule an' hogs
+an' he moved to a farm dat he bought.</p>
+
+<p>Later on in years my pappy an mammy come here in Durham an' bought a home. I
+worked for dem' til I wuz thirty-two years old an' give dem what money I earned.
+I worked for as little as twenty-five cents a day. Den I got a dray an' hauled
+for fifteen cents a load from de Durham depo' to West Durham for fifteen years.
+Little did I think at dat time dat I would ever have big trucks an' a payroll of
+$6,000.00 a year. De good Lawd has blest me all de way, an' all I have is His'n,
+even to my own breath.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[Pg 306]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Den one day I went back home to see my old Marse an' I foun' him sittin' in a
+big chair on de po'ch an' his health wuzn' so good. He sed, "Lindsey, why don'
+you stop runnin' roun' wid de girls an' stop you cou't 'n? You never will get
+nowhere makin' all de girls love you an' den you walk away an' make up with some
+other girl. Go get yourself a good girl an' get married an' raise a family an' be
+somebody." An' I did. I quit all de girls an' I foun' a fine girl and we wuz
+married. I sho got a good wife; I got one of de best women dat could be foun' an'
+we lived together for over forty-five years. Den she died six years ago now, an'
+I sho miss her for she wuz a real help-mate all through dese years. We raised
+five chillun an' educated dem to be school teachers an' other trades.</p>
+
+<p>I have tried to live de way I wuz raised to. My wife never worked a day away
+from home all de years we wuz married. It wuz my raisin an' my strong faith in my
+Lawd an' Marster dat helped me to get along as well as I have, an' I bless Him
+every day for de strength He has given me to bring up my family as well as I
+have. Der is only one way to live an' dat is de right way. Educate your chillun,
+if you can, but be sho you give dem de proper moral training at home. De right
+way to raise your chillun is to larn dem to have manners and proper respect for
+their parents, be good citizens an' God fearin' men an' women. When you have done
+dat you will not be ashamed of dem in your old age. I bless my Maker dat I have
+lived so clos' to Him as I have all dese years an' when de time comes to go to
+Him I will have no regrets an' no fears.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[Pg 307]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320223]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Ora M. Flagg">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>567</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>A SLAVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ora M. Flagg</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[Pg 308]</a></span>
+
+<h4>ORA M. FLAGG</h4>
+
+<h5>811 Oberlin Road</h5>
+
+<p>My name is Ora M. Flagg. I wus born in Raleigh near the Professional Building,
+in the year 1860, October 16. My mother wus named Jane Busbee. Her marster wus
+Quent Busbee, a lawyer. Her missus wus Julia Busbee. She wus a Taylor before she
+married Mr. Busbee. Now I tell you, I can't tell you exactly, but the old heads
+died. The old heads were the Scurlocks who lived in Chatham County. I heard their
+names but I don't remember them. Their children when they died drawed for the
+slaves and my mother wus brought to Raleigh when she wus eight years old. She
+came from the Scurlocks to the Busbees. The Taylors were relatives of the
+Scurlocks, and were allowed to draw, and Julia Taylor drawed my mother. It wus
+fixed so the slaves on this estate could not be sold, but could be drawed for by
+the family and relatives. She got along just middlin' after her missus died. When
+her missus died, mother said she had to look after herself. Mr. Busbee would not
+allow anyone to whip mother. He married Miss Lizzie Bledsoe the second time.</p>
+
+<p>I wus only a child and, of course, I thought as I could get a little something
+to eat everything wus all right, but we had few comforts. We had prayer meeting
+and we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[Pg 309]</a></span> went to the white people's church. I heard mother say that they had to be very
+careful what they said in their worship. Lots of time dey put us children to bed
+and went off.</p>
+
+<p>About the time of the surrender, I heard a lot about the patterollers, but I
+did not know what they were. Children wus not as wise then as they are now. They
+didn't know as much about things.</p>
+
+<p>Yes sir, I remember the Yankees coming to Raleigh, we had been taken out to
+Moses Bledsoe's place on Holleman's Road to protect Mr. Bledsoe's things. They
+said if they put the things out there, and put a family of Negroes there the
+Yankees would not bother the things. So they stored a lot of stuff there, and put
+my mother an' a slave man by the name o' Tom Gillmore there. Two Negro families
+were there. We children watched the Yankees march by.</p>
+
+<p>The Yankees went through everything, and when mother wouldn't tell them where
+the silver wus hid they threw her things in the well. Mother cried, an' when the
+Yankee officers heard of it they sent a guard there to protect us. The colored
+man, Tom Gillmore, wus so scared, he and his family moved out at night leaving my
+mother alone with her family. The Yankees ate the preserves and all the meat and
+other things. They destroyed a lot they could not eat.</p>
+
+<p>Mother and me stayed on with marster after the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[Pg 310]</a></span> surrender, and stayed on his
+place till he died. After that we moved to Peck's Place, called Peck's Place
+because the property wus sold by Louis Peck. It wus also called the 'Save-rent'
+section, then in later years Oberlin Road.</p>
+
+<p>I think slavery wus a bad thing, while it had its good points in building good
+strong men. In some cases where marsters were bad it wus a bad thing.</p>
+
+<p>Abraham Lincoln wus our friend, he set us free. I don't know much about Booker
+T. Washington. Mr Roosevelt is all right. Jim Young seemed to be all right. Jeff
+Davis didn't bother me. I guess he wus all right.</p>
+
+<p><small>EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[Pg 311]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320214]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Analiza Foster.">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>361</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Analiza Foster.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[Pg 312]</a></span>
+
+<h4>EX-SLAVE STORY</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Analiza Foster, 68 of 1120 South Blount Street, Raleigh,
+North Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>I wuz borned in Person County ter Tom Line an' Harriet Cash. My mammy belonged
+ter a Mr. Cash an' pappy belonged ter Miss Betsy Woods. Both of dese owners wuz
+mean ter dere slaves an' dey ain't carin' much if'en dey kills one, case dey's
+got plenty. Dar wuz one woman dat I hyard mammy tell of bein' beat clean ter
+death.</p>
+
+<p>De 'oman wuz pregnant an' she fainted in de fiel' at de plow. De driver said
+dat she wuz puttin' on, an' dat she ort ter be beat. De master said dat she can
+be beat but don't ter hurt de baby. De driver says dat he won't, den he digs a
+hole in de sand an' he puts de 'oman in de hole, which am nigh 'bout ter her arm
+pits, den he kivers her up an' straps her han's over her haid.</p>
+
+<p>He takes de long bull whup an' he cuts long gashes all over her shoulders an'
+raised arms, den he walks off an' leabes her dar fer a hour in de hot sun. De
+flies an' de gnats dey worry her, an' de sun hurts too an' she cries<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[Pg 313]</a></span> a little,
+den de driver comes out wid a pan full of vinegar, salt an' red pepper an' he
+washes de gashes. De 'oman faints an' he digs her up, but in a few minutes she am
+stone dead.</p>
+
+<p>Dat's de wust case dat I'se eber hyard of but I reckon dar wuz plenty more of
+dem.</p>
+
+<p>Ter show yo' de value of slaves I'll tell yo' 'bout my gran'ma. She wuz sold
+on de block four times, an' eber time she brung a thousand dollars. She wuz
+valuable case she wuz strong an' could plow day by day, den too she could have
+twenty chilluns an' wuck right on.</p>
+
+<p>De Yankees come through our country an' dey makes de slaves draw water fer de
+horses all night. Course dey stold eber'thing dey got dere han's on but dat wuz
+what ole Abraham Lincoln tol' dem ter do.</p>
+
+<p><small>MH:EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[Pg 314]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320088]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Georginna Foster">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>570</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>A SLAVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Georginna Foster</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>George L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 23 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[Pg 315]</a></span>
+
+<h4>GEORGIANNA FOSTER</h4>
+
+<h5>1308 Poole Road, Route # 2. Raleigh, North Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>I wus born in 1861. I jes' can 'member de Yankees comin' through, but I
+'members dere wus a lot of 'em wearin' blue clothes. I wus born at Kerney
+Upchurch's plantation twelve miles from Raleigh. He wus my marster an' Missus
+Enny wus his wife. My father wus named Axiom Wilder and my mother wus Mancy
+Wilder. De most I know 'bout slavery dey tole it to me. I 'members I run when de
+Yankees come close to me. I wus 'fraid of 'em.</p>
+
+<p>We lived in a little log houses at marsters. De food wus short an' things in
+general wus bad, so mother tole me. She said dey wus a whole lot meaner den dey
+had any business bein'. Dey allowed de patterollers to snoop around an' whup de
+slaves, mother said dey stripped some of de slaves naked an' whupped 'em. She
+said women had to work all day in de fields an' come home an' do de house work at
+night while de white folks hardly done a han's turn of work.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Kerney had a sluice of chilluns. I can't think of 'em all, but I
+'members Calvin, James, Allen, Emily, Helen, an' I jest can't think of de rest of
+de chilluns names.</p>
+
+<p>Mother said dey gathered slaves together like dey did<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[Pg 316]</a></span> horses an' sold 'em on de
+block. Mother said dey carried some to Rolesville in Wake County an' sold 'em.
+Dey sold Henry Temples an' Lucinda Upchurch from marster's plantation, but dey
+carried 'em to Raleigh to sell 'em.</p>
+
+<p>We wore homemade clothes an' shoes wid wooden bottoms. Dey would not allow us
+to sing an' pray but dey turned pots down at de door an' sung an' prayed enyhow
+an' de Lord heard dere prayers. Dat dey did sing an' pray.</p>
+
+<p>Mother said dey whupped a slave if dey caught him wid a book in his hand. You
+wus not 'lowed no books. Larnin' among de slaves wus a forbidden thing. Dey wus
+not allowed to cook anything for demselves at de cabins no time 'cept night. Dere
+wus a cook who cooked fur all durin' de day. Sometimes de field han's had to work
+'round de place at night after comin' in from de fields. Mother said livin' at
+marster's wus hard an' when dey set us free we left as quick as we could an' went
+to Mr. Bob Perry's plantation an' stayed there many years. He wus a good man an'
+give us all a chance. Mother wus free born at Upchurch's but when de war ended,
+she had been bound to Wilder by her mother, an' had married my father who wus a
+slave belongin' to Bob Wilder. Dey did not like de fare at Marster Upchurch's or
+Marster Wilder's, so when dey wus set free dey lef' an' went to Mrs. Perry's
+place.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[Pg 317]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Dey had overseers on both plantations in slavery time but some of de niggers
+would run away before dey would take a whuppin'. Fred Perry run away to keep from
+bein' sold. He come back do' an' tole his marster to do what he wanted to wid
+him. His marster told him to go to work an' he stayed dere till he wus set free.
+God heard his prayer 'cause he said he axed God not to let him be sold.</p>
+
+<p>Mother an' father said Abraham Lincoln come through there on his way to Jeff
+Davis. Jeff Davis wus de Southern President. Lincoln say, 'Turn dem slaves loose,
+Jeff Davis,' an' Jeff Davis said nuthin'. Den he come de second time an' say, 'Is
+you gwine to turn dem slaves loose?' an' Jeff Davis wouldn't do it. Den Lincoln
+come a third time an' had a cannon shootin' man wid him an' he axed, 'Is you
+gwine to set dem slaves free Jeff Davis?' An' Jeff Davis he say, 'Abraham
+Lincoln, you knows I is not goin' to give up my property, an' den Lincoln said,
+'I jest as well go back an' git up my crowd den.' Dey talked down in South
+Carolina an' when Jeff Davis 'fused to set us free, Lincoln went home to the
+North and got up his crowd, one hundred an' forty thousand men, dey said, an' de
+war begun. Dey fighted an' fighted an' de Yankees whupped. Dey set us free an'
+dey say dat dey hung Jeff Davis on a ole apple tree.</p>
+
+<p>EH <span class="hw" title="HW notes in margin:&mdash;illegible">HW</span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[Pg 318]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320247]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Frank Freeman">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>815</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>FRANK FREEMAN</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Frank Freeman</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[Pg 319]</a></span>
+
+<h4>FRANK FREEMAN</h4>
+
+<h5>216 Tappers Lane</h5>
+
+<p>I was born near Rolesville in Wake County Christmas Eve, 24 of December 1857.
+I am 76 years old. My name is Frank Freeman and my wife's name is Mary Freeman.
+She is 78 years old. We live at 216 Tuppers Lane, Raleigh, Wake County, North
+Carolina. I belonged to ole man Jim Wiggins jus' this side o' Roseville, fourteen
+miles from Raleigh. The great house is standin' there now, and a family by the
+name o' Gill, a colored man's family, lives there. The place is owned by ole man
+Jim Wiggins's grandson, whose name is O. B. Wiggins. My wife belonged to the
+Terrells before the surrender. I married after the war. I was forty years ole
+when I was married.</p>
+
+<p>Old man Jim Wiggins was good to his niggers, and when the slave children were
+taken off by his children they treated us good. Missus dressed mother up in her
+clothes and let her go to church. We had good, well cooked food, good clothes,
+and good places to sleep. Some of the chimneys which were once attached to the
+slave houses are standing on the plantation. The home plantation in Wake County
+was 3000 acres.</p>
+
+<p>Marster also owned three and a quarter plantations in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[Pg 320]</a></span> Franklin County. He kept about
+ten men at home and would not let his slave boys work until they were 18 years
+old, except tend to horses and do light jobs around the house. He had slaves on
+all his plantations but they were under colored overseers who were slaves
+themselves. Marster had three boys and five girls, eight children of his own.</p>
+
+<p>One of the girls was Siddie Wiggins. When she married Alfred Holland, and they
+went to Smithfield to live she took me with her, when I was two years old. She
+thought so much o' me mother was willing to let me go. Mother loved Miss Siddie,
+and it was agreeable in the family. I stayed right on with her after the
+surrender three years until 1868. My father decided to take me home then and went
+after me.</p>
+
+<p>They never taught us books of any kind. I was about 8 years old when I began
+to study books. When I was 21 Christmas Eve 1880, father told me I was my own man
+and that was all he had to give me.</p>
+
+<p>I had decided many years before to save all my nickles. I kept them in a bag.
+I did not drink, chew, smoke or use tobacco in any way during this time. When he
+told me I was free I counted up my money and found I had $47.75. I had never up
+to this tasted liquor or tobacco. I don't know anything about it yet. I have
+never used it. With that money I entered Shaw University. I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[Pg 321]</a></span> worked eight
+hours a week in order to help pay my way.</p>
+
+<p>Later I went into public service, teaching four months a year in the public
+schools. My salary was $25.00 per month. I kept going to school at Shaw until I
+could get a first grade teacher's certificate. I never graduated. I taught in the
+public schools for 43 years. I would be teaching now, but I have high blood
+pressure.</p>
+
+<p>I was at Master Hollands at Smithfield when the Yankees came through. They
+went into my Marster's store and began breaking up things and taking what they
+wanted. They were dressed in blue and I did not know who they were. I asked and
+someone told me they were the Yankees.</p>
+
+<p>My father was named Burton, and my mother was named Queen Anne. Father was a
+Freeman and mother was a Wiggins.</p>
+
+<p>There were no churches on the plantation. My father told me a story about his
+young master, Joe Freeman and my father's brother Soloman. Marster got Soloman to
+help whip him. My father went in to see young Missus and told her about it, and
+let her know he was going away. He had got the cradle blade and said he would
+kill either of them if they bothered him. Father had so much Indian blood in him
+that he would fight. He ran away and stayed four years and passed for a free
+nigger. He stayed in the Bancomb Settlement in Johnson County. When he came home
+before the war ended, Old Marster said, 'Soloman why didn't you stay?' father
+said, 'I have been off long enough'.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[Pg 322]</a></span> Marster said 'Go to work', and there was no
+more to it. Father helped build the breastworks in the Eastern part of the State
+down at Ft. Fisher. He worked on the forts at New Bern too.</p>
+
+<p>I think Abraham Lincoln worked hard for our freedom. He was a great man. I
+think Mr. Roosevelt is a good man and is doing all he can for the good of
+all.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[Pg 323]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320010]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Addy Gill">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>976</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>ADDY GILL</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Addy Gill</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"SEP 10 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[Pg 324]</a></span>
+
+<h4>ADDY GILL</h4>
+
+<h5>1614 "B" St. Lincoln Park Raleigh, North Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>I am seventy four years of age. I wus born a slave Jan. 6, 1863 on a
+plantation near Millburnie, Wake County, owned by Major Wilder, who hired my
+father's time. His wife wus named Sarah Wilder. I don't know anything 'bout
+slavery 'cept what wus tole me by father and mother but I do know that if it had
+not been for what de southern white folks done for us niggers we'd have perished
+to death. De north turned us out wid out anything to make a livin' wid.</p>
+
+<p>My father wus David Gill and, my mother wus Emily Gill. My father wus a
+blacksmith an he moved from place to place where dey hired his time. Dats why I
+wus born on Major Wilders place. Marster Gill who owned us hired father to Major
+Wilder and mother moved wid him. For a longtime atter de war, nine years, we
+stayed on wid Major Wilder, de place we wus at when dey set us free.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Wilder had a large plantation and owned a large number of slaves before de
+surrender. I only 'members fourteen of de ones I know belonged to him. Mr. Wilder
+wus a mighty good man. We had plenty to eat an plenty work to do. Dere wus seven
+in the Major's family. Three boys, two girls, he an his wife. His boys wus named
+Sam, Will and Crockett.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[Pg 325]</a></span> De girls wus named Florence and Flora. Dey are all dead, every
+one of 'em. De whole set. I don't know nary one of 'em dats livin. If dey wus
+livin I could go to 'em an' git a meal any time. Yes Sir! any time, day or
+night.</p>
+
+<p>I farmed for a long time for myself atter I wus free from my father at 21
+years of age. Den 'bout twelve years ago I come to Raleigh and got a job as
+butler at St. Augustine Episcopal College for Colored. I worked dere eight years,
+wus taken sick while workin dere an has been unable to work much since. Dat wus
+four years ago. Since den sometimes I ain't able to git up outen my cheer when I
+is settin down. I tells you, mister, when a nigger leaves de farm an comes to
+town to live he sho is takin a mighty big chance wid de wolf. He is just a riskin
+parishin, dats what he is a doin.</p>
+
+<p>I married forty five years ago this past November. I wus married on de second
+Thursday night in November to Millie Ruffin of Wake County, North Carolina. We
+had leben chilluns, six boys an five gals. Four of the boys an one of de gals is
+livin now. Some of my chilluns went north but dey didn't stay dere but two
+months. De one dat went north wus Sam, dat wus de oldest one. He took a notion to
+marry so he went up to Pennsylvania and worked. Just as soon as he got enough
+money to marry on he come back an got married. He never went back north no
+more.</p>
+
+<p>Mother belonged to Sam Krenshaw before she wus bought<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[Pg 326]</a></span> by Marster Gill. Her missus
+when she was a girl growin up wus Mrs. Louise Krenshaw. De missus done de whuppin
+on Mr. Krenshaw's plantation an she wus mighty rough at times. She whupped mother
+an cut her back to pieces so bad dat de scars wus on her when she died. Father
+died in Raleigh an mother died out on Miss Annie Ball's farm 'bout seven miles
+from Raleigh. Mother an father wus livin there when mother died. Father den come
+to Raleigh an died here.</p>
+
+<p>I caint read an write but all my chilluns can read and write. Mother and
+father could not read or write. I haint had no chance. I had no larnin. I had to
+depend on white folks I farmed wid to look atter my business. Some of em cheated
+me out of what I made. I am tellin you de truth 'bout some of de landlords, dey
+got mighty nigh all I made. Mr. Richard Taylor who owned a farm near Raleigh whur
+I stayed two years wus one of em. He charged de same thing three times an I had
+it to pay. I stayed two years an made nothin'. Dis is de truth from my heart,
+from here to glory. I members payin' fur a middlin of meat twice. Some of de
+white folks looked out fur me an prospered. Mr. Dave Faulk wus one of 'em. I
+stayed wid him six years and I prospered. Mr. John Bushnell wus a man who took up
+no time wid niggers. I rented from him a long time.</p>
+
+<p>He furnished a nigger cash to run his crap on. De nigger made de crap sold it
+an carried him his part. He figgered 'bout what he should have an de nigger paid
+in cash. He wus<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[Pg 327]</a></span> a mighty good man to his nigger tenants. I never owned a farm, I
+never owned horses or mules to farm with. I worked de landlords stock and farmed
+his land on shares. Farmin' has been my happiest life and I wushes I wus able to
+farm agin cause I am happiest when on de farm.</p>
+
+<p>I had a quiet home weddin' an I wus married by a white magistrate. I got up
+one night an' wus married at 1 o'clock.</p>
+
+<p>Atter de weddin she went back home wid me. We have had our ups and downs in
+life. Sometimes de livin' has been mighty hard, but dere has never been a time
+since I been free when I could not git a handout from de white folks back
+yard.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[Pg 328]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320020]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Robert Glenn">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>2,118</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>A SLAVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Robert Glenn</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>George L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"SEP 10 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[Pg 329]</a></span>
+
+<h4>ROBERT GLENN</h4>
+
+<h5>207 Idlewild Avenue Raleigh, North Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>I was a slave before and during the Civil War. I am 87 years old. I was born
+Sept. 16, 1850. I was born in Orange County, North Carolina near Hillsboro. At
+that time Durham was just a platform at the station and no house there whatever.
+The platform was lighted with a contraption shaped like a basket and burning coal
+that gave off a blaze. There were holes in this metal basket for the cinders to
+fall through.</p>
+
+<p>I belonged to a man named Bob Hall, he was a widower. He had three sons,
+Thomas, Nelson, and Lambert. He died when I was eight years old and I was put on
+the block and sold in Nelson Hall's yard by the son of Bob Hall. I saw my brother
+and sister sold on this same plantation. My mother belonged to the Halls, and
+father belonged to the Glenns. They sold me away from my father and mother and I
+was carried to the state of Kentucky. I was bought by a Negro speculator by the
+name of Henry long who lived not far from Hurdles Mill in Person County. I was
+not allowed to tell my mother and father goodbye. I was bought and sold three
+times in one day.</p>
+
+<p>My father's time was hired out and as he knew a trade he had by working
+overtime saved up a considerable amount of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[Pg 330]</a></span> money. After the speculator,
+Henry Long, bought me, mother went to father and pled with him to buy me from him
+and let the white folks hire me out. No slave could own a slave. Father got the
+consent and help of his owners to buy me and they asked Long to put me on the
+block again. Long did so and named his price but when he learned who had bid me
+off he backed down. Later in the day he put me on the block and named another
+price much higher than the price formerly set. He was asked by the white folks to
+name his price for his bargain and he did so. I was again put on the auction
+block and father bought me in, putting up the cash. Long then flew into a rage
+and cursed my father saying, 'you damn black son of a bitch, you think you are
+white do you? Now just to show you are black, I will not let you have your son at
+any price.' Father knew it was all off, mother was frantic but there was nothing
+they could do about it. They had to stand and see the speculator put me on his
+horse behind him and ride away without allowing either of them to tell me
+goodbye. I figure I was sold three times in one day, as the price asked was
+offered in each instance. Mother was told under threat of a whupping not to make
+any outcry when I was carried away. He took me to his home, but on the way he
+stopped for refreshments, at a plantation, and while he was eating and drinking,
+he put me into a room where two white women were spinning flax. I was given a
+seat across the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[Pg 331]</a></span> room from where they were working. After I had sat there awhile
+wondering where I was going and thinking about mother and home, I went to one of
+the women and asked, 'Missus when will I see my mother again?' She replied, I
+don't know child, go and sit down. I went back to my seat and as I did so both
+the women stopped spinning for a moment, looked at each other, and one of them
+remarked. "Almighty God, this slavery business is a horrible thing. Chances are
+this boy will never see his mother again." This remark nearly killed me, as I
+began to fully realize my situation. Long, the Negro trader, soon came back, put
+me on his horse and finished the trip to his home. He kept me at his home awhile
+and then traded me to a man named William Moore who lived in Person County. Moore
+at this time was planning to move to Kentucky which he soon did, taking me with
+him. My mother found out by the "Grapevine telegraph" that I was going to be
+carried to Kentucky. She got permission and came to see me before they carried me
+off. When she started home I was allowed to go part of the way with her but they
+sent two Negro girls with us to insure my return. We were allowed to talk
+privately, but while we were doing so, the two girls stood a short distance away
+and watched as the marster told them when they left that if I escaped they would
+be whipped every day until I was caught. When the time of parting came and I had
+to turn back, I burst out crying loud. I was so weak from<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[Pg 332]</a></span> sorrow I could not walk, and
+the two girls who were with me took me by each arm and led me along half carrying
+me.</p>
+
+<p>This man Moore carried me and several other slaves to Kentucky. We traveled by
+train by way of Nashville, Tenn. My thoughts are not familiar with the happenings
+of this trip but I remember that we walked a long distance at one place on the
+trip from one depot to another.</p>
+
+<p>We finally reached Kentucky and Moore stopped at his brother's plantation
+until he could buy one, then we moved on it. My marster was named William Moore
+and my missus was named Martha Whitfield Moore. It was a big plantation and he
+hired a lot of help and had white tenants besides the land he worked with slaves.
+There were only six slaves used as regular field hands during his first year in
+Kentucky.</p>
+
+<p>The food was generally common. Hog meat and cornbread most all the time.
+Slaves got biscuits only on Sunday morning. Our clothes were poor and I worked
+barefooted most of the time, winter and summer. No books, papers or anything
+concerning education was allowed the slaves by his rules and the customs of these
+times.</p>
+
+<p>Marster Moore had four children among whom was one boy about my age. The girls
+were named Atona, Beulah, and Minnie, and the boy was named Crosby. He was mighty
+brilliant. We played together. He was the only white boy there, and he took a
+great liking to me, and we loved each devotedly. Once in an undertone he asked me
+how would I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[Pg 333]</a></span> like to have an education. I was overjoyed at the suggestion and
+he at once began to teach me secretly. I studied hard and he soon had me so I
+could read and write well. I continued studying and he continued teaching me. He
+furnished me books and slipped all the papers he could get to me and I was the
+best educated Negro in the community without anyone except the slaves knowing
+what was going on.</p>
+
+<p>All the slaves on marster's plantation lived the first year we spent in
+Kentucky in a one room house with one fireplace. There was a dozen or more who
+all lived in this one room house. Marster built himself a large house having
+seven rooms. He worked his slaves himself and never had any overseers. We worked
+from sun to sun in the fields and then worked at the house after getting in from
+the fields as long as we could see. I have never seen a patteroller but when I
+left the plantation in slavery time I got a pass. I have never seen a jail for
+slaves but I have seen slaves whipped and I was whipped myself. I was whipped
+particularly about a saddle I left out in the night after using it during the
+day. My flesh was cut up so bad that the scars are on me to this day.</p>
+
+<p>We were not allowed to have prayer meetings, but we went to the white folks
+church to services sometimes. There were no looms, mills, or shops on the
+plantation at Marster Moore's. I kept the name of Glenn through all the years
+as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[Pg 334]</a></span> Marster Moore did not change his slaves names to his family name. My mother was
+named Martha Glenn and father was named Bob Glenn.</p>
+
+<p>I was in the field when I first heard of the Civil War. The woman who looked
+after Henry Hall and myself (both slaves) told me she heard marster say old
+Abraham Lincoln was trying to free the niggers. Marster finally pulled me up and
+went and joined the Confederate Army. Kentucky split and part joined the North
+and part the South. The war news kept slipping through of success for first one
+side then the other. Sometimes marster would come home, spend a few days and then
+go again to the war. It seemed he influenced a lot of men to join the southern
+army, among them was a man named Enoch Moorehead. Moorehead was killed in a few
+days after he joined the southern army.</p>
+
+<p>Marster Moore fell out with a lot of his associates in the army and some of
+them who were from the same community became his bitter enemies. Tom Foushee was
+one of them. Marster became so alarmed over the threats on his life made by
+Foushee and others that he was afraid to stay in his own home at night, and he
+built a little camp one and one half miles from his home and he and missus spent
+their nights there on his visits home. Foushee finally came to the great house
+one night heavily armed, came right on into the house and inquired for marster.
+We told him marster was away.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[Pg 335]</a></span> Foushee lay down on the floor and waited a long
+time for him. Marster was at the little camp but we would not tell where he
+was.</p>
+
+<p>Foushee left after spending most of the night at marster's. As he went out
+into the yard, when leaving, marster's bull dog grawled at him and he shot him
+dead.</p>
+
+<p>Marster went to Henderson, Kentucky, the County seat of Henderson County, and
+surrendered to the Federal Army and took the Oath of Allegiance. Up to that time
+I had seen a few Yankees. They stopped now and then at marster's and got their
+breakfast. They always asked about buttermilk, they seemed to be very fond of it.
+They were also fond of ham, but we had the ham meat buried in the ground, this
+was about the close of the war. A big army of Yankees came through a few months
+later and soon we heard of the surrender. A few days after this marster told me
+to catch two horses that we had to go to Dickenson which was the County seat of
+Webster County. On the way to Dickenson he said to me, 'Bob, did you know you are
+free and Lincoln has freed you? You are as free as I am.' We went to the
+Freedmen's Bureau and went into the office. A Yankee officer looked me over and
+asked marster my name, and informed me I was free, and asked me whether or not I
+wanted to keep living with Moore. I did not know what to do, so I told him yes. A
+fixed price of seventy-five dollars and board was then set as the salary I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[Pg 336]</a></span> should
+receive per year for my work. The Yankees told me to let him know if I was not
+paid as agreed.</p>
+
+<p>I went back home and stayed a year. During the year I hunted a lot at night
+and thoroughly enjoyed being free. I took my freedom by degrees and remained
+obedient and respectful, but still wondering and thinking of what the future held
+for me. After I retired at night I made plan after plan and built aircastles as
+to what I would do. At this time I formed a great attachment for the white man,
+Mr. Atlas Chandler, with whom I hunted. He bought my part of the game we caught
+and favored me in other ways. Mr. Chandler had a friend, Mr. Dewitt Yarborough,
+who was an adventurer, and trader, and half brother to my ex-marster, Mr. Moore,
+with whom I was then staying. He is responsible for me taking myself into my own
+hands and getting out of feeling I was still under obligations to ask my marster
+or missus when I desired to leave the premises. Mr. Yarborough's son was off at
+school at a place called Kiloh, Kentucky, and he wanted to carry a horse to him
+and also take along some other animals for trading purposes. He offered me a new
+pair of pants to make the trip for him and I accepted the job. I delivered the
+horse to his son and started for home. On the way back I ran into Uncle Squire
+Yarborough who once belonged to Dewitt Yarborough. He persuaded me to go home
+with him and go with him to a wedding in Union County, Kentucky. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[Pg 337]</a></span> wedding was
+twenty miles away and we walked the entire distance. It was a double wedding, two
+couples were married. Georgianna Hawkins was married to George Ross and Steve
+Carter married a woman whose name I do not remember. This was in the winter
+during the Christmas Holidays and I stayed in the community until about the first
+of January, then I went back home. I had been thinking for several days before I
+went back home as to just what I must tell Mr. Moore and as to how he felt about
+the matter, and what I would get when I got home. In my dilema I almost forgot I
+was free.</p>
+
+<p>I got home at night and my mind and heart was full but I was surprised at the
+way he treated me. He acted kind and asked me if I was going to stay with him
+next year. I was pleased. I told him, yes sir! and then I lay down and went to
+sleep. He had a boss man on his plantation then and next morning he called me,
+but I just couldn't wake. I seemed to be in a trance or something, I had recently
+lost so much sleep. He called me the second time and still I <ins class="edcorr" title="original read
+di">did</ins> not get up. Then he came in and spanked my head. I jumped
+up and went to work feeding the stock and splitting wood for the day's cooking
+and fires. I then went in and ate my breakfast. Mr. Moore told me to hitch a team
+of horses to a wagon and go to a neighbors five miles away for a load of hogs. I
+refused to do so. They called me into the house and asked me what I was going to
+do about it. I said I do<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[Pg 338]</a></span> not know. As I said that I stepped out of the
+door and left. I went straight to the county seat and hired to Dr. George Rasby
+in Webster County for one hundred dollars per year. I stayed there one year. I
+got uneasy in Kentucky. The whites treated the blacks awful bad so I decided to
+go to Illinois as I thought a Negro might have a better chance there, it being a
+northern state. I was kindly treated and soon began to save money, but all
+through the years there was a thought that haunted me in my dreams and in my
+waking hours, and this thought was of my mother, whom I had not seen or heard of
+in many years. Finally one cold morning in early December I made a vow that I was
+going to North Carolina and see my mother if she was still living. I had plenty
+of money for the trip. I wrote the postmaster in Roxboro, North Carolina, asking
+him to inform my mother I was still living, and telling him the circumstances,
+mailing a letter at the same time telling her I was still alive but saying
+nothing of my intended visit to her. I left Illinois bound for North Carolina on
+December 15th and in a few days I was at my mother's home. I tried to fool them.
+There were two men with me and they called me by a ficticious name, but when I
+shook my mother's hand I held it a little too long and she suspicioned something
+still she held herself until she was more sure. When she got a chance she came to
+me and said ain't you my child? Tell me<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[Pg 339]</a></span> ain't you my child whom I left on the road near
+Mr. Moore's before the war? I broke down and began to cry. Mother nor father did
+not know me, but mother suspicioned I was her child. Father had a few days
+previously remarked that he did not want to die without seeing his son once more.
+I could not find language to express my feeling. I did not know before I came
+home whether my parents were dead or alive. This Christmas I spent in the county
+and state of my birth and childhood; with mother, father and freedom was the
+happiest period of my entire life, because those who were torn apart in bondage
+and sorrow several years previous were now united in freedom and happiness.</p>
+
+<p><small>EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[Pg 340]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [ ]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="SARAH ANNE GREEN">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 3</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Travis Jordan</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>SARAH ANNE GREEN</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave, 78 Years</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Durham County</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[Pg 341]</a></span>
+
+<h4>SARAH ANNE GREEN</h4>
+
+<h5>EX-SLAVE 78 YEARS</h5>
+
+<p>My mammy an' pappy wuz Anderson an' Hannah Watson. We fus' belonged to Marse
+Billy an' Mis Roby Watson, but when Marse Billy's daughter, Mis' Susie ma'ied
+young Marse Billy Headen, Ole Marse give her me, an' my mammy an' my pappy for er
+weddin' gif'. So, I growed up as Sarah Anne Headen.</p>
+
+<p>My pappy had blue eyes. Dey wuz jus' like Marse Billy's eyes, kaze Ole Marse
+wuz pappy's marster an' his pappy too. Ole Marse wuz called Hickory Billy, dey
+called him dat kaze he chewed hickory bark. He wouldn' touch 'bacca, but he kept
+er twis' of dis bark in his pocket mos' all de time. He would make us chillun go
+down whare de niggers wuz splittin' rails an' peel dis bark off de logs befo' dey
+wuz split. De stuff he chewed come off de log right under de bark. After dey'd
+skin de logs we'd peel off dis hickory 'bacca in long strips an' make it up in
+twis's for Ole Marse. It wuz yellah an' tas' sweet an' sappy, an' he'd chew an'
+spit, an' chew an' spit. Mis' Roby wouldn' 'low no chewin' in de house, but Ole
+Marse sho done some spittin' outside. He could stan' in de barn door an' spit
+clear up in de lof'.</p>
+
+<p>Ole Marse an' Mis Roby lived on er big plantation near Goldston an' dey had
+'bout three hundred slaves. Hannah, my mammy, wuz de head seamstress. She had to
+'ten' to de makin' of all de slaves clothes. De niggers had good clothes. De
+cloth wuz home woven in de weavin' room. Ten niggers didn' do nothin'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[Pg 342]</a></span> but weave,
+but every slave had one Sunday dress a year made out of store bought cloth. Ole
+Marse seed to dat. Ole Marse made de niggers go to chu'ch too. He had er meetin'
+house on plantation an' every Sunday we wuz ma'ched to meetin'. Dey wuz preachin'
+every other Sunday an' Sunday School every Sunday. Marse Billy an' Mis' Roby
+teached de Sunday School, but dey didn' teach us to read an' write, no suh, dey
+sho didn'. If dey'd see us wid er book dey'd whip us. Dey said niggers didn' need
+no knowledge; dat dey mus' do what dey wuz tole to do. Marse Billy wuz er doctor
+too. He doctored de slaves when dey got sick, an' if dey got bad off he sen' for
+er sho nuff doctor an' paid de bills.</p>
+
+<p>Every Chris'mas Marse Billy give de niggers er big time. He called dem up to
+de big house an' give dem er bag of candy, niggertoes, an' sugar plums, den he
+say: 'Who wants er egg nog, boys?' All dem dat wants er dram hol' up dey han's.'
+Yo' never seed such holdin' up of han's. I would hol' up mine too, an' Ole Marse
+would look at me an say, 'Go 'way from hear, Sarah Anne, yo' too little to be
+callin' for nog.' But he fill up de glass jus' de same an' put in er extra spoon
+of sugar an' give it to me. Dat sho wuz good nog. 'Twuz all foamy wid whipped
+cream an' rich wid eggs. Marse Billy an' Mis' Roby served it demselves from dey
+Sunday cut glass nog bowl, an' it kept Estella an' Rosette busy fillin' it up.
+Marse Billy wuz er good man.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[Pg 343]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When de war come on Marse Billy was too ole to go, but young Marse Billy an'
+Marse Gaston went. Dey wuz Ole Marse's two boys. Young Marse Billy Headen, Mis'
+Susie's husban' went too.</p>
+
+<p>De day Ole Marse heard dat de Yankees wuz comin' he took all de meat 'cept two
+or three pieces out of de smoke house, den he got de silver an' things an' toted
+dem to de wood pile. He dug er hole an' buried dem, den he covered de place wid
+chips, but wid dat he wuzn' satisfied, so he made pappy bring er load of wood an'
+throw it on top of it, so when de Yankees come dey didn' fin' it.</p>
+
+<p>When de Yankees come up in de yard Marse Billy took Mis' Roby an' locked her
+up in dey room, den he walk 'roun' an' watched de Yankees, but dey toted off what
+dey wanted. I wuzn' skeered of de Yankees; I thought dey wuz pretty mens in dey
+blue coats an' brass buttons. I followed dem all 'roun' beggin' for dey coat
+buttons. I ain't never seed nothin' as pretty as dem buttons. When dey lef' I
+followed dem way down de road still beggin', 'twell one of dem Yankees pull off
+er button an' give it to me. 'Hear, Nigger,' he say, 'take dis button. I's givin'
+it to you kaze yo's got blue eyes. I ain't never seed blue eyes in er black face
+befo'.' I had blue eyes like pappy an' Marse Billy, an' I kept dat Yankee button
+'twell I wuz ma'ied, den I los' it.</p>
+
+<p>De wus' thing I know dat happened, in de war wuz when Mis' Roby foun' de
+Yankee sojer in de ladies back house.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[Pg 344]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Down at de back of de garden behin' de row of lilac bushes wuz de two back
+houses, one for de mens an' one for de ladies. Mis' Roby went down to dis house
+one day, an' when she opened de door, dare lay er Yankee sojer on de floor. His
+head wuz tied up wid er bloody rag an' he look like he wuz dead.</p>
+
+<p>Mammy say she seed Mis' Roby when she come out. She looked skeered but she
+didn' scream nor nothin'. When she seed mammy she motioned to her. She tole her
+'bout de Yankee. 'He's jus' er boy, Hannah,' she say, 'he ain't no older den
+Marse Gaston, an' he's hurt. We got to do somethin' an' we can't tell nobody.'
+Den she sen' mammy to de house for er pan of hot water, de scissors an' er ole
+sheet. Mis' Roby cut off de bloody ran an' wash dat sojer boy's head den she tied
+up de cut places. Den she went to de house an' made mammy slip him er big milk
+toddy. 'Bout dat time she seed some ho'seman comin' down de road. When dey got
+closer she seed dey wuz 'Federate sojers. Dey rode up in de yard an' Marse Billy
+went out to meet dem. Dey tole him dat dey wuz lookin' for er Yankee prisoner dat
+done got away from dey camp.</p>
+
+<p>After Ole Marse tole dem dat he ain't seed no Yankee sojer, dey tole him dat
+dey got to search de place kaze dat wuz orders.</p>
+
+<p>When Mis Roby heard dem say dat she turned an' went through de house to do
+back yard. She walk 'roun' 'mong de flowers, but all de time she watchin' dem
+'Federates search de barns, stables, an' everywhare. But, when dey start to de
+lilac bushes, Mis'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[Pg 345]</a></span> Roby lif' her head an' walk right down de paf to de ladies back
+house, an' right befo' all dem mens, wid dem lookin' at her, she opened de door
+an' walk in. She sholy did.</p>
+
+<p>Dat night when 'twuz dark Mis' Roby wrap' up er passel of food an' er bottle
+of brandy an' give it to dat sojer Yankee boy. She tole him dey wuz ho'ses in de
+paster an' dat de Yankee camp wuz over near Laurinburg or somewhare like dat.</p>
+
+<p>Nobody ain't seed dat boy since, but somehow dat ho'se come back an' in his
+mane wuz er piece of paper. Marse Billy foun' it an' brung it to Mis' Roby an' ax
+her what it meant.</p>
+
+<p>Mis' Roby took it an' 'twuz er letter dat sojer boy done wrote tellin' her dat
+he wuz safe an' thankin' her for what she done for him.</p>
+
+<p>Mis' Roby tole Marse Billy she couldn' help savin' dat Yankee, he too much of
+er boy.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Billy he look at Mis' Roby, den he say: 'Roby, honey, yo's braver den
+any sojer I ever seed.'</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[Pg 346]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320356]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Dorcas Griffeth">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>624</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>DORCAS GRIFFETH</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Dorcas Griffeth</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 26 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[Pg 347]</a></span>
+
+<h4>DORCAS GRIFFETH</h4>
+
+<h5>602 E. South Street</h5>
+
+<p>You know me every time you sees me don't you? Who tole you I wus Dorcas
+Griffith? I seed you up town de other day. Yes, yes, I is old. I is 80 years old.
+I remember all about dem Yankees. The first biscuit I ever et dey give it to me.
+I wus big enough to nus de babies when de Yankees came through. Dey carried
+biscuits on dere horses, I wus jist thinkin' of my young missus de other day. I
+belonged to Doctor Clark in Chatham County near Pittsboro. My father wus named
+Billy Dismith, and my mother wus named Peggy Council. She belonged to the
+Councils. Father, belonged to the Dismiths and I belonged to the Clarks. Missus
+wus named Winnie. Dey had tolerable fine food for de white folks, but I did not
+get any of it. De food dey give us wus mighty nigh nuthin'. Our clothes wus bad
+and our sleepin' places wus not nuthin' at all. We had a hard time. We had a hard
+time then and we are havin' a hard time now. We have a house to live in now, and
+de chinches eat us up almos, and we have nuthin' to live on now, jist a little
+from charity. I fares mighty bad. Dey gives me a half peck of meal and a pound o'
+meat, a little oat meal, and canned grape juice, a half<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[Pg 348]</a></span> pound o' coffee and no sugar or
+lard and no flour. Dey gives us dat for a week's eatin'.</p>
+
+<p>De Yankees called de niggers who wus plowin' de mules when dey came through
+an' made 'em bring 'em to 'em an' dey carried de mules on wid em. De niggers
+called de Yankees Blue Jackets.</p>
+
+<p>I had two brothers, both older dan me. George de oldest and Jack. Let me see I
+had four sisters 1, 2, 3, 4; one wus named Annie, one named Rosa, Annie, and
+Francis and myself Dorcas. All de games I played wus de wurk in de field wid a
+hoe. Dere wus no playgrounds like we has now. No, no, if you got your work done
+you done enough. If I could see how to write like you I could do a lot o' work
+but I can't see. I kin write. I got a good education acording to readin',
+spellin, and writin'. I kin say de 2nd chapter of Matthey by heart, the 27
+chapter of Ezelial by heart, or most of Ezekial by heart.</p>
+
+<p>I learned it since I got free. I went to school in Raleigh to de Washington
+School. Dey wouldn't let us have books when I wus a slave. I wus afraid ter be
+caught wid a book. De patterollers scared us so bad in slavery time and beat so
+many uv de slaves dat we lef' de plantation jus' as soon as we wus free. Dat's de
+reason father lef' de plantation so quick. I also remember de Ku Klux. I wus
+afraid o' dem, and I did not think much of 'em. I saw slaves whupped till de
+blood run down dere backs. Once dey whupped<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[Pg 349]</a></span> some on de plantation and den
+put salt on de places and pepper on 'em. I didn't think nuthin in de world o'
+slavery. I think de it wus wrong. I didn't think a thing o' slavery.</p>
+
+<p>All my people are dead, and I am unable to work. I haven't been able to work
+in six years. I thought Abraham Lincoln wus a good man. He had a good name.</p>
+
+<p>I don't know much about Mr. Roosevelt but I hopes he will help me, cause I
+need it mighty bad.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[Pg 350]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320005]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Sarah Gudger">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Sarah Gudger</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Sarah Gudger</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<ins class="mycorr"><small>TR: Added Header Page</small></ins>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 224px;">
+<img src="images/s_gudger.jpg" width="224" height="300" alt="s_gudger" title="Sarah Gudger" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+
+
+<h4>SARAH GUDGER</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-slave, 121 years</h5>
+
+<p>Investigation of the almost incredible claim of Aunt Sarah Gudger, ex-slave
+living in Asheville, that she was born on Sept. 15, 1816, discloses some factual
+information corroborating her statements.</p>
+
+<p>Aunt Sarah's father, Smart Gudger, belonged to and took his family name from
+Joe Gudger, who lived near Oteen, about six miles east of Asheville in the
+Swannanoa valley, prior to the War Between the States. Family records show that
+Joe Gudger married a Miss McRae in 1817, and that while in a despondent mood he
+ended his own life by hanging, as vividly recounted by the former slave.</p>
+
+<p>John Hemphill, member of the family served by Aunt Sarah until "freedom," is
+recalled as being "a few y'ars younge' as me," and indeed his birth is recorded
+for 1822. Alexander Hemphill, mentioned by Aunt Sarah as having left to join the
+Confederate army when about 25 years of age, is authentic and his approximate age
+in 1861 tallies with that recalled by the ex-slave. When Alexander went off to
+the war Aunt Sarah was "gettin' t' be an ol' woman."</p>
+
+<p>Aunt Sarah lives with distant cousins in a two-story frame house, comfortably
+furnished, at 8 Dalton street in South Asheville (the Negro section lying north
+of Kenilworth). A distant male relative, 72 years of age, said he has known Aunt
+Sarah all his life and that she was an old woman when he was a small boy.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[Pg 351]</a></span> Small in
+stature, about five feet tall, Aunt Sarah is rathered rounded in face and body.
+Her milk-chocolate face is surmounted by short, sparse hair, almost milk white.
+She is somewhat deaf but understands questions asked her, responding with
+animation. She walks with one crutch, being lame in the right leg. On events of
+the long ago her mind is quite clear. Recalling the Confederate "sojers,
+marchin', marchin'" to the drums, she beat a tempo on the floor with her crutch.
+As she described how the hands of slaves were tied before they were whipped for
+infractions she crossed her wrists.</p>
+
+<p>Owen Gudger, Asheville postmaster (1913-21), member of the Buncombe County
+Historical Association, now engaged in the real estate business, says he has been
+acquainted with Aunt Sarah all his life; that he has, on several occasions,
+talked to her about her age and early associations, and that her responses
+concerning members of the Gudger and Hemphill families coincide with known facts
+of the two families.</p>
+
+<p>Interviewed by a member of the Federal Writers' Project, Aunt Sarah seemed
+eager to talk, and needed but little prompting.</p>
+
+<h4>SARAH GUDGER</h4>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[Pg 352]</a></span>
+
+<h5>(born September 15, 1816)<br />
+Interview with Mrs. Marjorie Jones, May 5, 1937</h5>
+
+<p>I wah bo'n 'bout two mile fum Ole Fo't on de Ole Mo'ganton Road. I sho' has
+had a ha'd life. Jes wok, an' wok, an' wok. I nebbah know nothin' but wok. Mah
+boss he wah Ole Man Andy Hemphill. He had a la'ge plantation in de valley. Plenty
+ob ebbathin'. All kine ob stock: hawgs, cows, mules, an' hosses. When Marse Andy
+die I go lib wif he son, William Hemphill.</p>
+
+<p>I nebbah fo'git when Marse Andy die. He wah a good ole man, and de Missie she
+wah good, too. She usta read de Bible t' us chillun afoah she pass away.</p>
+
+<p>Mah pappy, he lib wif Joe Gudgah (Gudger). He ole an' feeble, I 'membahs. He
+'pend on mah pappy t' see aftah ebbathin' foah him. He allus trust mah pappy. One
+mo'nin' he follah pappy to de field. Pappy he stop hes wok and ole Marse Joe, he
+say: "Well, Smart (pappy, he name Smart), I's tard, wurried, an' trubble'. All
+dese yeahs I wok foah mah chillun. Dey nevah do de right thing. Dey wurries me,
+Smart. I tell yo', Smart, I's a good mind t' put mahself away. I's good mind t'
+drown mahself right heah. I tebble wurried, Smart."</p>
+
+<p>Pappy he take hole Ole Marse Joe an' lead him t' de house. "Now Marse Joe, I
+wudden talk sich talk effen I's yo'. Yo' ben good t' yo' fambly. Jest yo' content
+yo'self an' rest."</p>
+
+<p>But a few days aftah dat, Ole Marse Joe wah found ahangin' in de ba'n by de
+bridle. Ole Marse had put heself away.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[Pg 353]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>No'm, I nebbah knowed whut it wah t' rest. I jes wok all de time f'om mawnin'
+till late at night. I had t' do ebbathin' dey wah t' do on de outside. Wok in de
+field, chop wood, hoe cawn, till sometime I feels lak mah back sholy break. I
+done ebbathin' 'cept split rails. Yo' know, dey split rails back in dem days.
+Well, I nevah did split no rails.</p>
+
+<p>Ole Marse strop us good effen we did anythin' he didn' lak. Sometime he get
+hes dandah up an' den we dassent look roun' at him. Else he tie yo' hands afoah
+yo' body an' whup yo', jes lak yo' a mule. Lawdy, honey, I's tuk a thousand
+lashins in mah day. Sometimes mah poah ole body be soah foah a week.</p>
+
+<p>Ole Boss he send us niggahs out in any kine ob weathah, rain o' snow, it
+nebbah mattah. We had t' go t' de mountings, cut wood an' drag it down t' de
+house. Many de time we come in wif ouh cloes stuck t' ouh poah ole cold bodies,
+but 'twarn't no use t' try t' git 'em dry. Ef de Ole Boss o' de Ole Missie see us
+dey yell: "Git on out ob heah yo' black thin', an' git yo' wok outen de way!" An'
+Lawdy, honey, we knowed t' git, else we git de lash. Dey did'n cah how ole o' how
+young yo' wah, yo' nebbah too big t' git de lash.</p>
+
+<p>De rich white folks nebbah did no wok; dey had da'kies t' do it foah dem. In
+de summah we had t' wok outdoo's, in de wintah in de house. I had t' ceard an'
+spin till ten o'clock. Nebbah git much rest, had t' git up at foah de nex'
+mawnin' an' sta't agin. Didn' get much t' eat, nuthah, jes a lil' cawn bread an'
+'lasses. Lawdy, honey, yo' caint know whut a time I had. All cold n' hungry.
+No'm, I aint tellin' no lies. It de gospel truf. It sho is.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[Pg 354]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I 'membah well how I use t' lie 'wake till all de folks wah sleepin', den
+creep outen de do' and walk barfoot in de snow, 'bout two mile t' mah ole
+Auntie's house. I knowed when I git dar she fix hot cawn pone wif slice o' meat
+an' some milk foah me t' eat. Auntie wah good t' us da'kies.</p>
+
+<p>I nebbah sleep on a bedstead till aftah freedom, no'm till <ins
+class="edcorr" title="HW: asterisk">aftah</ins> freedom. Jes' an ole pile o' rags in de
+conah. Ha'dly 'nuf t' keep us from freezin'. Law, chile, nobuddy knows how mean
+da'kies wah treated. Wy, dey wah bettah t' de animals den t' us'ns. Mah fust Ole
+Marse wah a good ole man, but de las'n, he wah rapid&mdash;- he sho wah rapid.
+Wy, chile, times aint no mo' lak dey usta be den de day an' night am lak. In mah
+day an' time all de folks woked. Effen dey had no niggahs dey woked demselves.
+Effen de chillun wah too small tuh hoe, dey pull weeds. Now de big bottom ob de
+Swannano (Swannanoa) dat usta grow hunners bushels ob grain am jest a playgroun'.
+I lak t' see de chillun in de field. Wy, now dey fight yo' lak wilecat effen it
+ebben talked 'bout. Dat's de reason times so ha'd. No fahmin'. Wy, I c'n 'membah
+Ole Missie she say: "Dis gene'ation'll pass away an' a new gene'ation'll cum
+'long." Dat's jes' it&mdash;ebbah gene'ation gits weakah an' weakah. Den dey talk
+'bout goin' back t' ole times. Dat time done gone, dey nebbah meet dat time
+agin.</p>
+
+<p>Wahn't none o' de slaves offen ouh plantation ebbah sold, but de ones on de
+othah plantation ob Marse William wah. Oh, dat wah a tebble time! All de slaves
+be in de field, plowin', hoein', singin' in de boilin' sun. Ole Marse he cum t'ru
+de field wif a man call de specalater. Day walk round jes' lookin',
+jes'lookin',<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[Pg 355]</a></span> All de da'kies know whut dis mean. Dey didn' dare look up, jes'
+wok right on. Den de specalater he see who he want. He talk to Ole Marse, den dey
+slaps de han'cuffs on him an' tak him away to de cotton country. Oh, dem wah
+awful times! When de specalater wah ready to go wif de slaves, effen dey wha enny
+whu didn' wanta go, he thrash em, den tie em 'hind de waggin an' mek em run till
+dey fall on de groun', den he thrash em till dey say dey go 'thout no trubble.
+Sometime some of dem run 'way an cum back t' de plantation, den it wah hardah on
+dem den befoah. When de da'kies wen' t' dinnah de ole niggah mammy she say whar
+am sich an' sich. None ob de othahs wanna tell huh. But when she see dem look
+down to de groun' she jes' say: "De specalater, de specalater." Den de teahs roll
+down huh cheeks, cause mebbe it huh son o' husban' an' she know she nebbah see
+'em agin. Mebbe dey leaves babies t' home, mebbe jes' pappy an' mammy. Oh, mah
+Lawdy, mah ole Boss wah mean, but he nebbah sen' us to de cotton country.</p>
+
+<p>Dey wah ve'y few skules back in day day an time, ve'y few. We da'kies didn'
+dah look at no book, not ebben t' pick it up. Ole Missie, dat is, mah firs' Ole
+Missie, she wah a good ole woman. She read to de niggahs and t' de white chillun.
+She cum fum cross de watah. She wahn't lak de sma't white folks livin' heah now.
+When she come ovah heah she brung darky boy wif huh. He wah huh pussonal su'vant.
+Co'se, dey got diffent names foah dem now, but in dat day dey calls 'em ginney
+niggahs. She wah good ole woman, not lak othah white folks. Niggahs lak Ole
+Missie.</p>
+
+<p>When de da'kies git sick, dey wah put in a lil' ole house close t' de big
+house, an' one of the othah da'kies waited on 'em.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[Pg 356]</a></span> Dey wah ve'y few doctahs den.
+Ony three in de whole section. When dey wanted med'cine dey went t' de woods an'
+gathahed hoahhound, slipperelm foah poltices an' all kinds ba'k foah teas. All
+dis yarbs bring yo' round. Dey wah ve'y few lawyers den too, but lawsy me, yo'
+cain't turn round fer dem now.</p>
+
+<p>I 'membahs when mah ole mammy die. She live on Rims (Reems) Crick with othah
+Hemphills. She sick long time. One day white man cum t' see me. He say: "Sarah,
+did yo' know yo' manmy wah daid?" "No," I say, "but I wants t' see mah mothah
+afoah dey puts huh away."</p>
+
+<p>I went t' de house and say t' Ole Missie: "Mah mothah she die tofay. I wants
+t' see mah mothah afoah dey puts huh away," but she look at me mean an' say: "Git
+on outen heah, an' git back to yo' wok afoah I wallup yo' good." So I went back
+t' mah wok, with the tears streamin' down mah face, jest awringin' mah hands, I
+wanted t' see mah manmy so. 'Bout two weeks latah, Ole Missie she git tebble
+sick, she jes' lingah 'long foah long time, but she nebbah gits up no mo'. Wa'nt
+long afoah dey puts huh away too, jes' lak mah mammy.</p>
+
+<p>I 'membahs de time when mah mammy wah alive, I wah a small chile, afoah dey
+tuk huh t' Rims Crick. All us chilluns wah playin' in de ya'd one night. Jes'
+arunnin' an' aplayin' lak chillun will. All a sudden mammy cum to de do' all
+a'sited. "Cum in heah dis minnit," she say. "Jes look up at what is ahappenin'",
+and bless yo' life, honey, de sta's wah fallin' jes' lak rain.<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7"
+class="fnanchor">[7]</a> Mammy wah tebble skeered, but we <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[Pg 357]</a></span>chillun wa'nt
+afeard, no, we wa'nt afeard. But mammy she say evah time a sta' fall, somebuddy
+gonna die. Look lak lotta folks gonna die f'om de looks ob dem sta's. Ebbathin'
+wah jes' as bright as day. Yo' cudda pick a pin up. Yo' know de sta's don' shine
+as bright as dey did back den. I wondah wy dey don'. Dey jes' don' shine as
+bright. Wa'nt long afoah dey took mah mammy away, and I wah lef' alone.</p>
+
+<p>On de plantation wah an ole woman whut de boss bought f'om a drovah up in
+Virginny. De boss he bought huh f'om one ob de specalaters. She laff an' tell us:
+"Some ob dese days yo'all gwine be free, jes' lak de white folks," but we all
+laff at huh. No, we jes' slaves, we allus hafta wok and nevah be free. Den when
+freedom cum, she say: "I tole yo'all, now yo' got no larnin', yo' got no nothin',
+got no home; whut yo' gwine do? Didn' I tell yo'?"</p>
+
+<p>I wah gittin along smartly in yeahs when de wah cum. Ah 'membah jes' lak
+yestiddy jes' afoah de wah. Marse William wah atalkin' t' hes brothah. I wah
+standin' off a piece. Marse's brothah, he say: "William, how ole Aunt Sarah now?"
+Marse William look at me an' he say: "She gittin' nigh onta fifty." Dat wah jes'
+a lil while afoah de wah.</p>
+
+<p>Dat wah awful time. Us da'kies didn' know whut it wah all bout. Ony one of de
+boys f'om de plantation go. He Alexander, he 'bout twenty-five den. Many de time
+we git word de Yankees comin'. We take ouh food an' stock an' hide it till we
+sho' dey's gone. We wan't bothahed much. One day, I nebbah fo'git, we look out
+an' see sojers ma'chin'; look lak de whole valley full ob dem. I thought: "Poah
+helpless crittahs, jes' goin' away t' git kilt." De drums wah<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[Pg 358]</a></span> beatin' an'
+de fifes aplayin'. Dey wah de foot comp'ny. Oh, glory, it wah a sight. Sometime
+dey cum home on furlough. Sometime dey git kilt afoah dey gits th'ough.
+Alexander, he cum home a few time afoah freedom.</p>
+
+<p>When de wah was ovah, Marse William he say: "Did yo'all know yo'all's free,
+Yo' free now." I chuckle, 'membahin' whut ole woman tell us 'bout freedom, an' no
+larnin. Lotta men want me t' go t' foreign land, but I tell 'em I go live wif mah
+pappy, long as he live. I stay wif de white folks 'bout twelve months, den I stay
+wif mah pappy, long as he live.</p>
+
+<p>I had two brothahs, dey went t' Califonny, nebbah seed 'em no mo', no' mah
+sistah, nuther. I cain't 'membah sech a lot 'bout it all. I jes' knows I'se bo'n
+and bred <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: here">heah</ins> in dese pa'ts, nebbah
+been outten it. I'se well; nebbah take no doctah med'cine. Jes' ben sick once;
+dat aftah freedom.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+ <p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span
+ class="label">[7]</span></a> (One of the most spectacular meteoric showers on
+ record, visible all over North America, occurred in 1833.)</p>
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[Pg 359]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320007]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Thomas Hall">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>734</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>THOMAS HALL</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Thomas Hall</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"SEP 10 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[Pg 360]</a></span>
+
+<h4>THOMAS HALL</h4>
+
+<h5>Age 81 years<br />
+316 Tarboro Road, Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>My name is Thomas Hall and I was born in Orange County, N. C. on a plantation
+belonging to Jim Woods whose wife, our missus, was named Polly. I am eighty one
+years of age as I was born Feb. 14, 1856. My father Daniel Hall and my mother
+Becke Hall and me all belonged to the same man but it was often the case that
+this wus not true as one man, perhaps a Johnson, would own a husband and a Smith
+own the wife, each slave goin' by the name of the slave owners, family. In such
+cases the children went by the name of the family to which the mother
+belonged.</p>
+
+<p>Gettin married an' having a family was a joke in the days of slavery, as the
+main thing in allowing any form of matrimony among the slaves was to raise more
+slaves in the same sense and for the same purpose as stock raisers raise horses
+and mules, that is for work. A woman who could produce fast was in great demand
+and brought a good price on the auction block in Richmond, Va., Charleston, S.
+C., and other places.</p>
+
+<p>The food in many cases that was given the slaves was not given them for their
+pleasure or by a cheerful giver, but for the simple and practical reason that
+children would not grow into a large healthy slave unless they were well fed and
+clothed; and given good warm places in which to live.</p>
+
+<p>Conditions and rules were bad and the punishments were severe and barbarous.
+Some marsters acted like savages. In<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[Pg 361]</a></span> some instances slaves were burned at the stake.
+Families were torn apart by selling. Mothers were sold from their children.
+Children were sold from their mothers, and the father was not considered in
+anyway as a family part. These conditions were here before the Civil War and the
+conditions in a changed sense have been here ever since. The whites have always
+held the slaves in part slavery and are still practicing the same things on them
+in a different manner. Whites lynch, burn, and persecute the Negro race in
+America yet; and there is little they are doing to help them in anyway.</p>
+
+<p>Lincoln got the praise for freeing us, but did he do it? He give us freedom
+without giving us any chance to live to ourselves and we still had to depend on
+the southern white man for work, food and clothing, and he held us through our
+necessity and want in a state of servitude but little better than slavery.
+Lincoln done but little for the Negro race and from living standpoint nothing.
+White folks are not going to do nothing for Negroes except keep them down.</p>
+
+<p>Harriet Beecher Stowe, the writer of Uncle Tom's Cabin, did that for her own
+good. She had her own interests at heart and I don't like her, Lincoln, or none
+of the crowd. The Yankees helped free us, so they say, but they let us be put
+back in slavery again.</p>
+
+<p>When I think of slavery it makes me mad. I do not believe in giving you my
+story 'cause with all the promises that have been made the Negro is still in a
+bad way in the United States,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[Pg 362]</a></span> no matter in what part he lives it's all the
+same. Now you may be all right; there are a few white men who are but the
+pressure is such from your white friends that you will be compelled to talk
+against us and give us the cold shoulder when you are around them, even if your
+heart is right towards us.</p>
+
+<p>You are going around to get a story of slavery conditions and the persecusions
+of Negroes before the civil war and the economic conditions concerning them since
+that war. You should have known before this late day all about that. Are you
+going to help us? No! you are only helping yourself. You say that my story may be
+put into a book, that you are from the Federal Writer's Project. Well, the Negro
+will not get anything out of it, no matter where you are from. Harriet Beecher
+Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. I didn't like her book and I hate her. No matter
+where you are from I don't want you to write my story cause the white folks have
+been and are now and always will be against the negro.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[Pg 363]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320016]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Hector Hamilton">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 3</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Travis Jordan</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Hector Hamilton</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-slave 90 Years.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 30 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[Pg 364]</a></span>
+
+<h4>HECTER HAMILTON</h4>
+
+<h5>EX-SLAVE 90 YEARS</h5>
+
+<p>Dey wuz two General Lee's, in de 'Federate War. One los' his fight, but de
+other won his.</p>
+
+<p>One of dese Generals wuz a white man dat rode a white hoss, an' de other wuz a
+mean fightin' gander dat I named General Lee, though I didn' know den dat he wuz
+goin' to live up to his name. But when de time come dat long neck gander out fit
+de whole 'Federate army.</p>
+
+<p>My white fo'ks lived in Virginia. Dey wuz Marse Peter an' Mis' Laura Hamilton.
+Dey lived on de big Hamilton plantation dat wuz so big dat wid all de niggers dey
+had dey couldn' 'ten' half of it. Dis lan' done been handed down to Marse Peter
+from more den six gran'pappys. Dey wuz cotton an' 'bacca fields a mile wide; de
+wheat fields as far as yo' could see wuz like a big sheet of green water, an' it
+took half hour to plow one row of cawn, but dey wuz plenty of slaves to do de
+work. Mistah Sidney Effort, Marse Peter's overseer, rode all over de fields every
+day, cussin' an' crackin' his long blacksnake whip. He drove dem niggers like dey
+wuz cattle, but Marse Peter wouldn' 'low no beatin' of his niggers.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Peter had acres an' acres of woods dat wuz his huntin' 'zerve. Dey wuz
+every kind of bird an' animal in dem woods in shootin' season. Dey wuz snipes,
+pheasants, patridges, squirrels, rabbits, deers, an' foxes; dey wuz even bears,
+an' dey wuz<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[Pg 365]</a></span> wolfs too dat would come an' catch de sheeps at night.</p>
+
+<p>Dey wuz always a crowd at Easy Acres huntin' ridin' dancin' an' havin' a good
+time. Marse Peter's stables wuz full of hunters an' saddlers for mens an' ladies.
+De ladies in dem days rode side saddles. Mis' Laura's saddle wuz all studded wid
+sho nuff gol' tacks. De fringe wuz tipped wid gol', an' de buckles on de bridle
+wuz solid gol'. When de ladies went to ride dey wore long skirts of red, blue,
+an' green velvet, an' dey had plumes on dey hats dat blew in de win'. Dey wouldn'
+be caught wearin' britches an' ridin' straddle like de womens do dese days. In
+dem times de women wuz ladies.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Peter kept de bes' sideboa'd in Princess Anne County. His cut glass
+decanters cos' near 'bout as much as Mis' Laura's diamon' ear rings I's goin'
+tell yo' 'bout. De decanters wuz all set out on de sideboard wid de glasses, an'
+de wine an' brandy wuz so ole dat one good size dram would make yo' willin' to go
+to de jail house for sixty days. Some of dat wine an' likker done been in dat
+cellar ever since Ole Marse Caleb Hamilton's time, an' de done built Easy Acres
+befo' Mistah George Washington done cut down his pappy's cherry tree. Dat likker
+done been down in dat cellar so long dat yo' had to scrape de dus' off wid a
+knife.</p>
+
+<p>I wuz Marse Peter's main sideboa'd man. When he had shootin' company I didn'
+do nothin' but shake drams. De mens would come in from de huntin' field col' an'
+tired, an' Marse Peter would say: 'Hustle up, Hecter, fix us a dram of so an'
+so.' Dat mean dat I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[Pg 366]</a></span> wuz to mix de special dram dat I done learned from my gran'pappy.
+So, I pours in a little of dis an' a little of dat, den I shakes it 'twell it
+foams, den I fills de glasses an' draps in de ice an' de mint. Time de mens drink
+dat so an' so dey done forgot dey's tired; dey 'lax, an' when de ladies come down
+de stairs all dredd up, dey thinks dey's angels walkin' in gol' shoes. Dem wuz
+good times befo' de war an' befo' Marse Peter got shot. From de day Marse Peter
+rode his big grey hoss off to fight, we never seed him no more. Mis' Laura never
+even know if dey buried him or not.</p>
+
+<p>After de mens all went to de war dey won't no use for no more drams, so Mis'
+Laura took me away from de sideboa'd an' made me a watchman. Dat is, I wuz set to
+watch de commissary to see dat de niggers wuzn' give no more den dey share of
+eats, den I looked after de chickens an' things, kaze de patter-rollers wuz all
+'roun' de country an' dey'd steal everythin' from chickens to sweet taters an
+cawn, den dey'd sell it to de Yankees. Dat's when I named dat ole mean fightin'
+gander General Lee.</p>
+
+<p>Everywhare I went 'roun' de place dat gander wuz right at my heels. He wuz de
+bigges' gander I ever seed. He weighed near 'bout forty pounds, an' his wings
+from tip to tip wuz 'bout two yards. He wuz smart too. I teached him to drive de
+cows an' sheeps, an' I sic'd him on de dogs when dey got 'streperous. I'd say,
+Sic him, General Lee, an' dat gander would cha'ge. He wuz a better fighter den de
+dogs kaze he fit wid his wings, his bill, an wid his feets. I seed him skeer a
+bull near 'bout to death one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[Pg 367]</a></span> day. Dat bull got mad an' jump de fence an' run
+all de niggers in de cabins, so I called General Lee an' sic'd him on dat bull.
+Dat bird give one squawk an' lit on dat bull's back, an' yo' never seed such
+carryin's on. De bull reared an' snorted an' kicked, but dat gander held on. He
+whipped dat bull wid his wings 'twell he wuz glad to go back in de lot an' 'have
+hese'f. After dat all I had to do to dat bull wuz show him General Lee an' he'd
+quiet down.</p>
+
+<p>Now I's goin' to tell yo' 'bout Mis' Laura's diamon' ear rings.</p>
+
+<p>De fus' Yankees dat come to de house wuz gentlemens, 'cept dey made us niggers
+cook dey supper an' shine dey muddy boots, den dey stole everythin' dey foun' to
+tote away, but de nex ones dat come wuz mean. Dey got made kaze de fus' Yankees
+done got de pickin's of what Mis' Laura hadn' hid. Dey cut open de feather beds
+lookin' for silver; dey ripped open de chair cushings lookin' for money, dey even
+tore up de carpets, but dey didn' fin' nothin' kaze all de valuables done been
+buried. Even mos' of de wine done been hid, 'twuz' all buried in de ole graves
+down in de family grave yard wid de tombstones at de head an' foots. No Yankee
+ain't goin' be diggin' in no grave for nothin'.</p>
+
+<p>Dey wuz one Yankee in dis las' bunch dat wuz big an' bustin'. He strut bigoty
+wid his chist stuck out. He walk 'roun' stickin' his sword in de chair cushions,
+de pictures on de walls an' things like dat. He got powerful mad kaze he couldn'
+fin' nothin', den he look out de window an' seed Mis' Laura. She wuz standin' on
+de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[Pg 368]</a></span> po'ch an' de sun wuz shinin' on de diamon' ear rings in her ears. Dey wuz de ear
+rings dat belonged to Marse Peter's great-great-gran'mammy. When de sojer seed
+dem diamon's his eyes 'gun to shine. He went out on de po'ch an' went up to Mis'
+Laura. 'Gim me dem ear rings,' he say jus' like dat.</p>
+
+<p>Mis' Laura flung her han's up to her ears an' run out in de yard. De sojer
+followed her, an' all de other sojers come too. Dat big Yankee tole Mis' Laura
+again to give him de ear rings, but she shook her head. I wuz standin' 'side de
+house near 'bout bustin' wid madness when dat Yankee reach up an' snatch Mis'
+Laura's hands down an' hold dem in his, den he laugh, an' all de other sojers
+'gun to laugh too jus' like dey thought 'twuz funny. 'Bout dat time Ole General
+Lee done smell a fight. He come waddlin' 'roun' de house, his tail feathers
+bristled out an' tawkin' to he'sef. I point to dem sojers an say, "Sic him,
+General Lee, sic him."</p>
+
+<p>Dat gander ain't waste no time. He let out his wings an' cha'ged dem Yankees
+an' dey scatter like flies. Den he lit on dat big sojer's back an' 'gun to beat
+him wid his wings. Dat man let out a yell an' drap Mis' Laura's hands; he try to
+shake dat goose, but General bit into his neck an' held on like a leech. When de
+other sojers come up an' try to pull him off, dat gander let out a wing an' near
+about slap dem down. I ain't never seed such fightin! Every time I holler, Sic
+him, General Lee start 'nother 'tack.</p>
+
+<p>'Bout dat time dem Yankees took a runnin' nothin. Dey forgot de ear rings an'
+lit out down de road, but dat gander beat dat bigoty yellin'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[Pg 369]</a></span> sojer clear
+down to de branch befo' he turned him loose, den he jump in de water an' wash
+hese'f off. Yes, suh, dat wuz sho some fightin' goose; he near 'bout out fit de
+sho nuff Marse General Lee.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[Pg 370]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320230]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="George W. Harris">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>942</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>GEORGE W. HARRIS</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>George W. Harris</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[Pg 371]</a></span>
+
+<h4>GEORGE W. HARRIS</h4>
+
+<h5>604 E. Cabarrus Street, Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>Hey, don't go 'roun' dat post gitting it 'tween you and me, it's bad luck.
+Don't you know it's bad luck? Don't want no more bad luck den what I'se already
+got. My name is George Harris. I wuz born November 25, 82 years ago. I have been
+living in the City of Raleigh onto 52 years. I belonged to John Andrews. He died
+about de time I wuz born. His wife Betsy wuz my missus and his son John wuz my
+marster.</p>
+
+<p>Deir plantation wuz in Jones County. Dere were about er dozen slaves on de
+plantation. We had plenty o' food in slavery days during my boyhood days, plenty
+of good sound food. We didn't have 'xactly plenty o' clothes, and our places ter
+sleep needed things, we were in need often in these things. We were treated
+kindly, and no one abused us. We had as good owners as there were in Jones
+County; they looked out for us. They let us have patches to tend and gave us what
+we made. We did not have much money. We had no church on the plantation, but
+there wuz one on Marster's brother's plantation next ter his plantation.</p>
+
+<p>We had suppers an' socials, generally gatherings for eatin', socials jist to
+git together an' eat. We had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[Pg 372]</a></span> a lot o' game ter eat, such as possums, coons,
+rabbits and birds.</p>
+
+<p>De plantation wuz fenced in wid rails about 10 ft. in length split from pine
+trees. De cattle, hogs an' hosses run out on de free range. The hosses ran on
+free range when de crap wuz laid by. There wuz an ole mare dat led de hosses. She
+led 'em an' when she come home at night dey followed her.</p>
+
+<p>De first work I done wuz drappin' tater sprouts, drappin' corn, thinnin' out
+corn and roundin' up corn an' mindin' the crows out of de field. Dey did not
+teach us to read an' write, but my father could read, and he read de hymn book
+and Testament to us sometimes. I do not remember ever goin' to church durin'
+slavery days.</p>
+
+<p>I have never seen a slave whipped and none ever ran away to the North from our
+plantation.</p>
+
+<p>When I wuz a boy we chillun played marbles, prison base, blind fold and tag,
+hide an' seek. Dey gave us Christmas holidays, an' 4th of July, an' lay-by time.
+Dey also called dis time "crap hillin' time." Most o' de time when we got sick
+our mother doctored us with herbs which she had in de garden. When we had side
+plurisy, what dey calls pneumonia now, dey sent fer a doctor. Doctor Hines
+treated us.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[Pg 373]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We lived near Trenton. When de Yankees took New Bern, our marster had us out
+in de woods in Jones County mindin' hosses an' takin' care o' things he had hid
+there. We got afraid and ran away to New Bern in Craven County. We all went in a
+gang and walked. De Yankees took us at Deep Gully ten miles dis side o' New Bern
+an' carried us inside de lines. Dey asked us questions and put us all in jail.
+Dey put my father ter cookin' at de jail and give us boys work 'roun' de yard.
+Dey put de others at work at de horse stables and houses.</p>
+
+<p>De smallpox and yaller fever caught us dere and killed us by de hundreds.
+Thirteen doctors died dere in one day. Jist 'fore Gen. Lee surrendered dey
+carried us to Petersburg, Va., and I waited on Major Emory and de others worked
+fer de Yankees. When de surrender came we went back home to Craven County, next
+to Jones County, and went to farmin'. Sumpin' to eat could not hardly be found.
+De second year atter de war we went back to old marster's plantation. He wuz glad
+ter see us, we all et dinner wid him. We looked over de place. I looked over de
+little log cabin where I wuz born. Some of de boys who had been slaves, farmed
+wid old marster, but I worked at my trade. I wuz a brick moulder. Yes, a brick
+maker.</p>
+
+<p>My mother was named Jennie Andrews and my father<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[Pg 374]</a></span> was Quash Harris. My father
+belonged to de Harris family on de nex' plantation in Jones County. Atter de
+surrender we all went in his name. We changed from Andrews to Harris. I do not
+recollect my grandmother and grandfather. I can't recollect them.</p>
+
+<p>Marster told us directly after dey declared war dat he expected we would all
+soon be free. De majority of de slaves did not want to be free. Dey were stirred
+up. Dey didn't want it to be. Dey didn't want no fightin'. Dey didn't know.</p>
+
+<p>I married Mary Boylan first, of Johnston County, at Wilsons Mills, Jan. 4,
+1878. Here is de family record. Ole marster made me copies after de war, and I
+copied dis. 'George Harris was married the year 1878, January the 4th. George
+Harris was born the year 1855 November the 25th.'</p>
+
+<p>I had five brothers, but they are all dead, fur as I know: John Nathan, Louis,
+David, Jefferson, Donald and my name George. My sisters, Mary Ann, Sara, Lucy,
+Penny, Emaline, Lizzie, Nancy, Leah and one I can't remember. Dats all.</p>
+
+<p>I thought Abraham Lincoln wuz a great man. I remember him well. I think he
+done de best he knowed how to settle de country. Mr. Roosevelt is a smart man. He
+is doing de best he can. I think he is goin' to help de country.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[Pg 375]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320183]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Sarah Harris">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>660</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>AN EX-SLAVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Sarah Harris</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 11 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class="hw">Good points</span>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 220px;">
+<img src="images/s_harris.jpg" width="220" height="300" alt="s_harris" title="Sarah Harris" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[Pg 376]</a></span>
+
+<h4>SARAH HARRIS</h4>
+
+<h5>Interviewed May 19, 1937.</h5>
+
+<p>Sarah Harris is my name. I wuz borned April 1861, on the plantation of Master
+John William Walton. My father wuz name Frank Walton and my mother wuz name Flora
+Walton. My brothers wuz name Lang and Johnny. My sisters: Hannah, Mary, Ellen,
+Violet and Annie. My grandmother wuz name Ellen Walton. She wuz 104 years old
+when she died. My mother wuz 103 years old when she died; she has been dead 3
+years. She died in October, 3 years this pas' October.</p>
+
+<p>I 'member seeing the Yankees. I wuz not afraid of 'em, I thought dey were the
+prettiest blue mens I had ever seed. I can see how de chickens and guineas flew
+and run from 'em. De Yankees killed 'em and give part of 'em to the colored
+folks. Most of de white folks had run off and hid.</p>
+
+<p>I can't read and write. I nebber had no chance.</p>
+
+<p>De Yankees had their camps along the Fayetteville road.</p>
+
+<p>Dey called us Dinah, Sam, and other names.</p>
+
+<p>Dey later had de place dey call de bureau. When we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[Pg 377]</a></span> left de white folks we had
+nothing to eat. De niggers wait there at de bureau and they give 'em hard tack,
+white potatoes, and saltpeter meat. Our white folks give us good things to eat,
+and I cried every day at 12 o'clock to go home. Yes, I wanted to go back to my
+white folks; they were good to us. I would say, 'papa le's go home, I want to go
+home. I don't like this sumptin' to eat.' He would say, 'Don't cry, honey, le's
+stay here, dey will sen' you to school.'</p>
+
+<p>We had nothing to eat 'cept what de Yankees give us. But Mr. Bill Crawford
+give my father and mother work. Yes, he wuz a Southern man, one o' our white
+folks. Daddy wuz his butcher. My mother wuz his cook. We were turned out when dey
+freed us with no homes and nuthin'. Master said he wuz sorry he didn't give us
+niggers part of his lan'.</p>
+
+<p>While I wuz big enough to work I worked for Porter Steadman. I got 25 cent a
+week and board. We had a good home then. I just shouted when I got dat 25 cent,
+and I just run. I couldn't run fas' anuff to git to my mother to give dat money
+to her. My father died, and my mother bought a home. She got her first money to
+buy de home by working for de man who give her work after de surrender. The first
+money she saved to put on de home wuz a dime.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[Pg 378]</a></span> Some weeks she only saved 5
+cents. Lan' sold fur $10 a acre den.</p>
+
+<p>Just after de war de white and colored children played together. Dey had a
+tent in our neighborhood. I wuz de cook for de white chilluns parties. We played
+together fer a long time after de war.</p>
+
+<p>I married Silas Cooper of Norfolk Va. He worked in the Navy yard. I wuz
+married in Raleigh. I had a church wedding.</p>
+
+<p>I think Abraham Lincoln wuz a great man. He would cure or kill. But I like my
+ole master. The Lord put it into Abraham Lincoln to do as he done. The Lord
+knowed he would be killed.</p>
+
+<p>I think slavery wuz wrong. I have a horror of being a slave. You see all dis
+lan' aroun' here. It belongs to colored folks. Dey were cut off wid nothin', but
+dey is strugglin' an' dey are comin' on fast. De Bible say dat de bottom rail
+will be on top, and it is comin' to pass. Sometime de colored race will git up.
+De Bible say so.</p>
+
+<p>I think Mr. Roosevelt is one of the greatest mans in de world. He wants to
+help everybody.</p>
+
+<p>I doan think much of Mr. Jeff Davis. Dey used to sing songs uv hanging him to
+a apple tree. Dey say he libed a long time atter de war dressed like a 'oman, he
+wuz so skeered.</p>
+
+<p><small>TPM:EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[Pg 379]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320122]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Cy Hart">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 3</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Whaley</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Cy Hart</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-slave, 78 years.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>Durham, N.C.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 6 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class="hw">48</span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[Pg 380]</a></span>
+
+<h4>CY HART, 78 Yrs.</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave.</h5>
+
+<p>Ephram Hart was my pappy and my mammy's name was Nellie. He belonged to Marse
+Ephram Hart. One day Marse Hart took some of his niggers to de slave market an'
+my pappy was took along too. When he was put on de block an' sold Marse Paul
+Cameron bought him. Den Marse Hart felt so sorry to think he done let my pappy be
+sold dat he tried to buy him back from Marse Paul, an' offered him more den Marse
+Paul paid for him. But Marse Paul said, "No, Suh. I done bought him an' I want
+det nigger myself an' I am goin' take him home wid me to Snow Hill farm."</p>
+
+<p>Pappy married my mammy an' raised a family on Marse Paul's plantation. We had
+to be eight years ole before we 'gun to work. I tended de chickens an' turkeys
+an' sech. I helped tend de other stock too as I growed older, an' do anythin'
+else dat I was tole to do. When I got bigger I helped den wid de thrashin' de
+wheat an' I helped dem push de straw to de stack.</p>
+
+<p>We had what wuz den called a 'groun' hog. It wuz a cylinder shaped
+contraption. We put de wheat straw an all in it an' knock de grain loose from de
+straw. Den we took de pitchforks an' tossed de straw up an' about, an' dat let de
+wheat go to de bottom on a big cloth. Den we fan de wheat, to get de dust an'
+dirt out, an' we had big curtains hung 'roun' de cloth whar de wheat lay, so de
+wheat wouldn' get all scattered, on de groun'. Dis wheat was sacked an' when
+wanted 'twus took to de mill an' groun' into flour. De flour wuz made into white
+bread an' de corn wuz groun' into meal an' grits.</p>
+
+<p>When de war started der wuz some bad times. One day some of Wheeler's men come
+an' dey tried to take what dey wanted, but Marge Paul had de silver money another
+things hid. Dey wanted us niggers to tell dem whar everythin'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[Pg 381]</a></span> wuz, but we
+said we didn' know nuthin'. Marse Paul wuz hid in de woods wid de horses an' some
+of de other stock.</p>
+
+<p>Den Wheeler's men saw de Yankees comin' an' dey run away. De Yankees chased
+dem to de bridge an' dey done some fightin' an' one or two of Wheeler's men wuz
+killed an' de rest got away.</p>
+
+<p>Den de captain of de Yankees come to Mammy's cabin an' axed her whar de meat
+house an' flour an' sech at. She tole him dat Pappy had de keys to go an' ax him.
+"Ax him nothin'", de captain said. He called some of his mens an' dey broke down
+de door to de meat house. Den dey trowed out plenty of dose hams an' dey tole
+Mammy to cook dem somethin' to eat and plenty of it. Mammy fried plenty of dat
+ham an' made lots of bread an' fixed dem coffee. How dey did eat! Dey wuz jus' as
+nice as dey could be to Mammy an' when dey wuz through, dey tole Mammy dat she
+could have de rest, an' de captain gave her some money an' he tole her dat she
+wuz free, dat we didn' belong to Marse Paul no longer. Dey didn' do any harm to
+de place. Dey wuz jus' looking for somethin' to eat. Den dey left.</p>
+
+<p>We didn' leave Marse Paul but stayed on an' lived wid him for many years. I
+lived wid Marse Paul 'til he died an' he done selected eight of us niggers to
+tote his coffin to de chapel, an' de buryin' groun'. He said, "I want dese
+niggers to carry my body to de chapel an' de grave when I die." We did. It wuz a
+<ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: load">lood</ins> I would have been glad had der
+been two or four more to help tote Marse Paul for he sho wuz heavy. After
+everythin' wuz ready we lifted him up an' toted him to de chapel an' we sat down
+on de floor, on each side of de coffin, while de preacher preached de funeral
+sermon. We didn' make any fuss while sittin' dere on de floor, but we sho wuz
+full of grief to see our dear ole Marse Paul lying dere dead.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[Pg 382]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320130]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Alonzo Haywood">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>381</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>THE BLACKSMITH</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Alonzo Haywood</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG&mdash;1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[Pg 383]</a></span>
+
+<h4>THE BLACKSMITH</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Alonzo Haywood, 67 years old of 1217 Oberlin Road.</h5>
+
+<p>On East Cabarrus Street is a blacksmith shop which is a survival of horse and
+buggy days, and the smiling blacksmith, a Negro, although he has hazel eyes,
+recounts the story of his father's life and his own.</p>
+
+<p>My father was Willis Haywood and in slavery days he belonged to Mr. William R.
+Pool. Mr. Pool liked father because he was quick and obedient so he determined to
+give him a trade.</p>
+
+<p>Wilson Morgan run the blacksmith shop at Falls of Neuse and it was him that
+taught my father the trade at Mr. Pool's insistence.</p>
+
+<p>While father, a young blade, worked and lived at Falls of Neuse, he fell in
+love with my mother, Mirana Denson, who lived in Raleigh. He come to see her
+ever' chance he got and then they were married.</p>
+
+<p>When the Yankees were crossing the Neuse Bridge at the falls, near the old
+paper mill, the bridge broke in. They were carrying the heavy artillery over and
+a great many men followed, in fact the line extended to Raleigh, because when the
+bridge fell word passed by word of mouth from man to man back to Raleigh.</p>
+
+<p>Father said that the Yankees stopped in the shop to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[Pg 384]</a></span> make some hoss shoes and nails
+and that the Yankees could do it faster than anybody he ever saw.</p>
+
+<p>Father told me a story once 'bout de devil traveling and he got sore feet and
+was awful lame but he went in a blacksmith shop and the blacksmith shoed him.</p>
+
+<p>The devil traveled longer and the shoes hurt his feet and made him lamer than
+ever so he went back and asked the blacksmith to take off de shoes.</p>
+
+<p>The blacksmith took them off under the condition that wherever the devil saw a
+horse shoe over a door he would not enter. That's the reason that people hang up
+horseshoes over their door.</p>
+
+<p>Mother died near twenty years ago and father died four years later. He had not
+cared to live since mother left him.</p>
+
+<p>I've heard some of the young people laugh about slave love, but they should
+envy the love which kept mother and father so close together in life and even
+held them in death.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[Pg 385]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320127]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Barbara Haywood">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>547</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>AUNT BARBARA'S LOVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Barbara Haywood</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Geo. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 4 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[Pg 386]</a></span>
+
+<h4>AUNT BARBARA'S LOVE STORY</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Barbara Haywood, 85 years old.<br />
+Address 1111 Mark Street, Raleigh, North Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>Anything dat I tells you will near 'bout all be 'bout Frank Haywood, my
+husban'.</p>
+
+<p>I wus borned on de John Walton place seben miles southeast of Raleigh. My
+father, Handy Sturdivant, belonged to somebody in Johnston County but mother an'
+her chilluns 'longed ter Marse John Walton.</p>
+
+<p>Marse John had a corn shuckin' onct an' at dat corn shuckin' I fust saw Frank.
+I wus a little girl, cryin' an' bawlin' an' Frank, who wus a big boy said dat he
+neber wanted ter spank a youngin' so bad, an' I ain't liked him no better dan he
+did me.</p>
+
+<p>He 'longed ter Mr. Yarborough, what runned de hotel in Raleigh, but he wus
+boun' out ter anybody what'ud hire him, an' I doan know whar he got his name.</p>
+
+<p>I seed Frank a few times at de Holland's Methodist Church whar we went ter
+church wid our white folks.</p>
+
+<p>You axes iffen our white folks wus good ter us, an' I sez ter yo' dat none of
+de white folks wus good ter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[Pg 387]</a></span> none of de niggers. We done our weavin' at
+night an' we wurked hard. We had enough ter eat but we was whupped some.</p>
+
+<p>Jest 'fore de war wus ober we wus sent ter Mr. William Turner's place down
+clost ter Smithfield an' dats whar we wus when de Yankees come.</p>
+
+<p>One day I wus settin' on de porch restin' atter my days wurk wus done when I
+sees de hoss-lot full of men an' I sez ter Marse William, who am talkin' ter a
+soldier named Cole, 'De lot am full of men.'</p>
+
+<p>Marse Cole looks up an' he 'lows, 'Hits dem damned Yankees,' an' wid dat he
+buckles on his sword an' he ain't been seen since.</p>
+
+<p>De Yankees takes all de meat outen de smokehouse an' goes 'roun' ter de slave
+cabins an' takes de meat what de white folkses has put dar. Dat wus de fust hams
+dat has eber been in de nigger house. Anyhow de Yankees takes all de hams, but
+dey gibes us de shoulders.</p>
+
+<p>Atter de war we moved ter Raleigh, on Davie Street an' I went ter school a
+little at Saint Paul's. Frank wus wurkin' at de City Market on Fayetteville
+Street an' I'd go seberal blocks out of my way mornin' an' night on my way ter
+school ter look at him. You see I has been in love with him fer a long time
+den.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[Pg 388]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Atter awhile Frank becomes a butcher an' he am makin' pretty good. I is
+thirteen so he comes ter see me an' fer a year we cou'ts. We wus settin' in de
+kitchen at de house on Davie Street when he axes me ter have him an' I has
+him.</p>
+
+<p>I knows dat he tol' me dat he warn't worthy but dat he loved me an' dat he'd
+do anything he could ter please me, an' dat he'd always be good ter me.</p>
+
+<p>When I wus fourteen I got married an' when I wus fifteen my oldes' daughter,
+Eleanor, wus borned. I had three atter her, an' Frank wus proud of dem as could
+be. We wus happy. We libed together fifty-four years an' we wus always happy,
+havin' a mighty little bit of argument. I hopes young lady, dat you'll be as
+lucky as I wus wid Frank.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[Pg 389]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320210]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Isabell Henderson">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mrs. Edith S. Hibbs</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>550</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Story of Isabell Henderson, Negro</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Isabell Henderson</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>1121 Rankin St., Wilmington, N.C.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mrs. W. N. Harriss</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[Pg 390]</a></span>
+
+<h4>STORY OF ISABELL HENDERSON, NEGRO</h4>
+
+<h5>1121 Rankin St.,<br />
+Wilmington, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>I'll be 84 years old come August 9. My gran'-daughter can tell you what year
+it was I was born I don' 'member but we has it down in the Bible.</p>
+
+<p>I lived near the "Clock Church" (Jewish Synagogue)<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>, 4th and
+Market. We had a big place there. My gran'mother did the cookin'. My mother did
+the sewin'. I was jus five years old when the men went away. I guess to the war,
+I don' know. Some men came by and conscip' dem. I don' know where they went but I
+guess dey went to war. I was such a little girl I don't 'member much. But I does
+know my Missus was good to me. I used to play with her little boy. I was jes' one
+of the family. I played with the little boy around the house' cause I was never
+'lowed to run the streets. They was good to me. They kept me in clothes, pretty
+clothes, and good things to eat. Yes'm we was slaves but we had good times.</p>
+
+<p>Interviewer: "What did you eat?"</p>
+
+<p>Isabell: "Oh I don't 'member 'special but I et jes what the family et."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[Pg 391]</a></span>Maybe my father was killed in the war maybe he run away I don'
+know, he jus' neber come back no mo'.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'm I remember when the soldiers came along and freed us. They went through
+breakin' down peoples shops and everything.</p>
+
+<p>My mother married again. She married Edward Robertson. He was good to me.
+Yes'm he was better to me than my father was. He was a preacher and a painter. My
+mother died. When my father, (step-father) went off to preach, me and my sister
+stayed in the house.</p>
+
+<p>I stayed home all my life. I just wasn't 'llowed to run around like most
+girls. I never been out of Wilmington but one year in my life. That year I went
+to Augusta. No'm I don't likes to go away. I don't like the trains, nor the
+automobiles. But I rides in 'em (meaning the latter).</p>
+
+<p>I remember when the 4th Street bridge was built. I was married over there in
+St. Stephen's Church, 5th and Red Cross. Yes M'am my auntie she gib me a big
+weddin'. I was 22 and my husband was 22 too not quite 23. Not a year older than I
+was. He was a cooper. Yes Ma'm I had a big weddin'. The church was all decorated
+with flowers. I had six attendants. Four big ones and two little ones. My husband
+he had the same number I did four big ones and two little ones. I had on a white
+dress. Carried flowers. Had carriages and everything. My husband was good to me.
+I didn't stay home with my father but about a month. We wanted to go to
+ourselves.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[Pg 392]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We went in our own home and stayed there until I got a "sickness." (She looked
+shy) I didn't know what was the matter with me. My father told me I better come
+home. So I went home to my father and stayed there about two years.</p>
+
+<p>I have had five children. Three are livin'. Two are dead.</p>
+
+<p>I never worked until after he died. He left me with five little children to
+raise.</p>
+
+<p>He was the only man I ever 'knowed' in all my life from girlhood up.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+ <p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span
+ class="label">[8]</span></a> The Synagogue has no clock on the exterior, but
+ Isabell persisted with her name of "Clock Church."</p>
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[Pg 393]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320017]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Essex Henry">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>738</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Essex Henry</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 26 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 190px;">
+<img src="images/e_henry.jpg" width="190" height="300" alt="e_henry" title="Essex Henry" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[Pg 394]</a></span>
+
+<h4>ESSEX HENRY</h4>
+
+<h5>Ex-Slave Story<br />
+An interview with Essex Henry 83 of 713 S. East Street, Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>I wus borned five miles north of Raleigh on de Wendell Road, 83 years ago. My
+mammy wus Nancy an' my pappy wus Louis. I had one sister, Mary, an' one bruder,
+Louis.</p>
+
+<p>We 'longed ter Mr. Jake Mordecai, an' we lived on his six hundert acres
+plantation 'bout a mile from Millbrook. Right atter de war he sold dis lan' ter
+Doctor Miller an' bought de Betsy Hinton tract at Milburnie. Mr. Jake had four or
+five hundert niggers hyar an' I doan know how many at de Edgecombe County
+place.</p>
+
+<p>De wuck wus hard den, I knows case I'se seed my little mammy dig ditches wid
+de best of 'em. I'se seed her split 350 rails a day many's de time. Dat wus her
+po'tion you knows, an' de mens had ter split 500. I wus too little ter do much
+but min' de chickens outen de gyarden, an' so I fared better dan most of 'em. You
+see Miss Tempie 'ud see me out at de gate mornin's as dey wus eatin' breakfas' on
+de ferander, an' she'ud call me ter her an' give me butter toasted lightbread or
+biscuits. She'd give me a heap in dat way, an' do de rest of de slaves got
+hungry, I doan think dat I eber did.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[Pg 395]</a></span> I know dat Miss Jenny Perry, on a neighborin'
+plantation, 'ud give my mammy food, fer us chilluns.</p>
+
+<p>Mo'nin's we sometimes ain't had nothin' ter eat. At dinner time de cook at de
+big house cooked nuff turnip salet, beans, 'taters, er peas fer all de han's an'
+long wid a little piece of meat an' a little hunk of co'nbread de dinner wus sont
+ter de slaves out in de fiel' on a cart.</p>
+
+<p>De slaves 'ud set roun' under de trees an' eat an' laugh an' talk till de
+oberseer, Bob Gravie, yells at 'em ter git back ter wuck. Iffen dey doan git back
+right den he starts ter frailin' lef' an' right.</p>
+
+<p>Dar wus a few spirited slaves what won't be whupped an' my uncle wus one. He
+wus finally sold fer dis.</p>
+
+<p>Hit wus different wid my gran'mother do'. De oberseer tried ter whup her an'
+he can't, so he hollers fer Mr. Jake. Mr. Jake comes an' he can't, so he hauls
+off an' kicks granny, mashin' her stomick in. He has her carried ter her cabin
+an' three days atterward she dies wid nothin' done fer her an' nobody wid
+her.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Jake orders de coffinmaker ter make de pine box, an' den he fergits hit.
+De slaves puts de coffin on de cyart hin' de two black hosses an' wid six or
+maybe seben hundert niggers follerin' dey goes ter de Simms' graveyard an' buries
+her. All de way ter de graveyard dey<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[Pg 396]</a></span> sings, 'Swing Low Sweet Chariot,' 'De Promised
+Lan', 'De Road ter Jordan,' an' 'Ole Time Religion.'</p>
+
+<p>Hit's a good thing dat none of de white folkses ain't went to de funerals case
+iffen dey had de niggers can't sing deir hymns. Does you know dat dey warn't no
+'ligion 'lowed on dat plantation. Ole lady Betsy Holmes wus whupped time an'
+ag'in fer talkin' 'ligion er fer singin' hymns. We sometimes had prayermeetin'
+anyhow in de cabins but we'd turn down de big pot front o' de door ter ketch de
+noise.</p>
+
+<p>Dey won't gib us no pass hardly, an' iffen we runs 'way de patterollers will
+git us. Dey did let us have some dances do' now an' den, but not offen. Dey let
+us go possum huntin' too case dat wus gittin' something ter eat widout Mr. Jake
+payin' fer hit.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Henry, Mr. Jake's bruder an' his Uncle Moses uster come a-visitin' ter de
+house fer de day. Mr. Henry wus little wid a short leg an' a long one, an' he had
+de wust temper dat eber wus in de worl'; an' he loved ter see slaves suffer, near
+'bout much as he loved his brandy. We knowed when we seed him comin' dat dar wus
+gwine ter be a whuppin' frolic 'fore de day wus gone.</p>
+
+<p>Dar wus three niggers, John Lane, Ananias Ruffin an' Dick Rogers what got de
+blame fer eber'thing what happens on de place. Fer instance Mr. Henry 'ud look in
+de hawg pen an'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[Pg 397]</a></span> 'low dat hit 'peared dat he bruder's stock wus growin' less all
+de time. Den Mr. Jake sez dat dey done been stold.</p>
+
+<p>'Why doan you punish dem thievin' niggers, Jake'?</p>
+
+<p>Jake gits mad an' has dese three niggers brung out, deir shirts am pulled off
+an' dey am staked down on deir stomichs, an' de oberseer gits wored out, an'
+leavin' de niggers tied, dar in de sun, dey goes ter de house ter git some
+brandy.</p>
+
+<p>Dey more dey drinks from de white crock de better humor dey gits in. Dey
+laughs an' talks an' atter awhile dey think o' de niggers, an' back dey goes an'
+beats 'em some more. Dis usually lasts all de day, case hit am fun ter dem.</p>
+
+<p>Atter so long dey ketched Jack Ashe, a Free Issue, wid one of de pigs, an' dey
+whups him twixt drinks all de day, an' at night dey carried him ter de Raleigh
+jail. He wus convicted an' sent ter Bald Head Island ter wuck on de breastworks
+durin' de war an' he ain't neber come back.</p>
+
+<p><ins class="edcorr" title="Asterisk in margin">Dar</ins> wus a man in Raleigh what
+had two blood houn's an' he made his livin' by ketchin' runaway niggers. His name
+wus Beaver an' he ain't missed but onct. Pat Norwood took a long grass sythe when
+he runned away, an' as de fust dog come he clipped off its tail, de second one he
+clipped off its ear an' dem dawgs ain't run him no more.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[Pg 398]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>De war lasted a long time, an' hit wus a mess. Some of Marster <ins class="edcorr" title="Asterisk">Jake's</ins>
+slaves lef' him an' when de Yankees got ter
+Raleigh dey come an' tol' 'em 'bout de way Mr. Jake done. Well in a few days hyar
+comes de Yankees a-ridin', an' dey sez dat dey had tentions o' hangin' Mr. Jake
+on de big oak in de yard iffen he 'uv been dar, but he ain't. He an' his family
+had flewed de coop.</p>
+
+<p>Dem Yankees went in de big house an' dey tored an' busted up all dey pleased,
+dey eben throwed de clothes all ober de yard.</p>
+
+<p>Dey took two big barns o' corn an' haul hit off an' down Devil's Jump on
+Morris Creek dey buried ever so much molasses an' all.</p>
+
+<p>At Rattlesnake Spring de Yankees fin's whar Marster Jake's still had been, an'
+dar buried, dey fin's five barrels o' brandy.</p>
+
+<p>Atter de war we stayed on as servants o' Doctor Miller fer seberal years. I
+'members de only time dat I eber got drunk wus long den. De doctor an' his
+frien's wus splurgin', an' I went wid another nigger ter git de brandy from de
+cellar fer de guests. When I tasted hit, hit drunk so good, an' so much lak
+sweetin water dat I drunk de pitcher full. I wus drunk three days.</p>
+
+<p>I married Milly, an' sixty years ago we moved ter town. We scuffled along till
+twenty-eight years ago we buyed dis shack. I hopes dat we can git de ole age
+pension, case we shore need hit.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[Pg 399]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320015]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Milly Henry">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Ex-Slave Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Milly Henry</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 26 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 197px;">
+<img src="images/m_henry.jpg" width="197" height="300" alt="m_henry" title="Milly Henry" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[Pg 400]</a></span>
+
+<h4>EX-SLAVE STORY</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Milly Henry 82 of 713 South East Street, Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>I wus borned a slave ter Mr. Buck Boylan in Yazoo City, Mississippi. I doan
+know nothin' 'bout my family 'cept my gran'maw an' she died in Mississippi durin'
+de war.</p>
+
+<p>Marster Buck owned three plantations dar, de Mosley place, Middle place, an'
+de Hill place. Me an' gran'maw lived at de Mosley place. One day Marster Buck
+comes in, an' we sees dat he am worried stiff; atter awhile he gangs us up, an'
+sez ter us:</p>
+
+<p>De Yankees am a-comin' to take my slaves 'way from me an' I don't 'pose dat
+dey am gwine ter do dat. Fer dem reasons we leaves fer No'th Carolina day atter
+termorror an' I ain't gwine ter hyar no jaw 'bout hit.'</p>
+
+<p>Dat day he goes over de slaves an' picks out 'roun' five hundret ter go. He
+picks me out, but my gran'maw he sez dat he will leave case she am so old an'
+feeble. I hates dat, but I don't say nothin' at all.</p>
+
+<p>We leaves home in kivered wagons, wid a heap walkin' an' in 'bout three weeks,
+I reckon, we gits ter Raleigh.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[Pg 401]</a></span> You should have been 'long on dat trip, honey;
+When we camps side of de road an' sleeps on de groun' an' cooks our rations at de
+camp fires. I think dat dat wus one spring 'fore de surrender wus de nex'.</p>
+
+<p>Marster Buck carries us ter Boylan Avenue dar whar de bridge am now an' we
+camps fer a few days, but den he sen's us out ter de Crabtree plantation. He also
+buys a place sommers east o' Raleigh an' sen's some dar.</p>
+
+<p>I misses my gran'maw fer awhile, but at last Uncle Green comes from
+Mississippi an' he sez dat gran'maw am daid, so I pretty quick stops worrin' over
+hit.</p>
+
+<p>Marster' cides ter hire some o' us out, an' so I gits hired out ter Miss Mary
+Lee, who I wucks fer till she got so pore she can't feed me, den I is hired out
+ter Miss Sue Blake an' sent ter de Company Shop up above Durham.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Mary wus good, but Miss Sue she whup me, so I runs away. I went
+barefooted an' bareheaded ter de train, an' I gits on. Atter awhile de conductor
+comes fer a ticket an' I ain't got none. He axes me whar I'se gwine an' I tells
+him home, so he brung me on ter Raleigh.</p>
+
+<p>I went right home an' tol' Mr. Buck dat Miss Sue whupped me, an' dat I runned
+away. He said dat hit wus all right, an' he hired me out ter Mis' Lee Hamilton
+who lived dar on de Fayetteville Street.</p>
+
+<p>She wus a widder an' run a boardin' house an' dar's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[Pg 406]</a></span> whar I seed de first drunk man
+dat eber I seed. He put de back o' his knife ginst my neck an' said dat he wus
+gwine ter cut my throat. I tell you dat I is knowed a drunk eber since dat
+time.</p>
+
+<p>I wus drawin' water at de well at de end of Fayetteville Street when de
+Yankees comed. I seed 'em ridin' up de street wid deir blue coats shinin' an'
+deir hosses steppin' high. I knowed dat I ought ter be skeered but I ain't, an'
+so I stands dar an' watches.</p>
+
+<p>Suddenly as dey passes de bank out rides two mens frum Wheeler's calvary an'
+dey gits in de middle o' de street one of de hosses wheels back an' de man shot
+right at de Yankees, den he flewed frum dar.</p>
+
+<p>Two of de Yankees retracts frum de army an' dey flies atter de Rebs. When de
+Rebs git ter de Capitol one o' dem flies down Morgan Street an' one goes out
+Hillsboro Street wid de Yankees hot in behin' him.</p>
+
+<p>Dey ketched him out dar at de Hillsboro Bridge when his hoss what wus already
+tired, stumbles an' he falls an' hurts his leg.</p>
+
+<p>Durin' dat time de big man wid de red hair what dey calls Kilpatrick brung his
+men up on de square an' sets under de trees an' a gang o' people comes up.</p>
+
+<p>When dey brung de young good lookin' Reb up ter de redheaded Gen'l he sez
+'What you name Reb?'</p>
+
+<p>De boy sez, 'Robert Walsh, sir.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[Pg 403]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>What for did you done go an' shoot at my army?</p>
+
+<p>"Case I hates de Yankees an' I wush dat dey wus daid in a pile," de Reb sez,
+an' laughs.</p>
+
+<p>"De Gen'l done got his dander up now, an' he yells," 'Carry de Reb sommers
+out'r sight o' de ladies an' hang him.'</p>
+
+<p>De Reb laughs an' sez, 'kin' o' you sir,' an' he waves goodbye ter de crowd
+an' dey carried him off a laughin' fit ter kill.</p>
+
+<p>Dey hanged him on a ole oak tree in de Lovejoy grove, whar de Governor's
+mansion am now standin' an' dey buried him under de tree.</p>
+
+<p>Way atter de war dey moved his skileton ter Oakwood Cemetery an' put him up a
+monument. His grave wus kivered wid flowers, an' de young ladies cry.</p>
+
+<p>He died brave do', an' he kep' laughin' till his neck broke. I wus dar an'
+seed hit, furdermore dar wus a gang of white ladies dar, so dey might as well a
+hanged him on de Capitol Square.</p>
+
+<p>De Yankees wus good ter me, but hit shore wus hard ter git a job do', an' so I
+ain't fared as good as I did' fore de war.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Buck wus good ter us. Sometimes he'd lose his temper an' cuss, den he'd
+say right quick, 'God forgive me, I pray.' Dat man believed in 'ligion. When de
+oberseer, George Harris, 'ud start ter beat a slave dey larned ter yell<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[Pg 404]</a></span> fer Mr. Buck
+an' make lak dey wus gittin' kilt.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Buck'd come stompin' an' yellin' 'stop beatin' dat nigger.</p>
+
+<p>Course dis ruint de slaves, case dey could talk lak dey pleased ter Mr.
+Harris, an' iffen dey could yell loud nuff dey ain't got no whuppin'.</p>
+
+<p>Yessum, I'se glad slavery am over; we owns dis home an' some chickens, but we
+shore does need de ole age pension. I'se got two fine gran'sons, but let me tell
+you dey needs ter wuck harder, eat less, an' drink less.</p>
+
+<p>On de count o' dem boys I wants de ABC Stores so's dey won't drink box
+lye.</p>
+
+<p><small>EH</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[Pg 405]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320047]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Chaney Hews">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>737</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>CHANEY HEWS</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Chaney Hews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[Pg 406]</a></span>
+
+<h4>CHANEY HEWS</h4>
+
+<h5>80 years old. 104 Cotton Street, Raleigh, North Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>My age, best of my recollection, is about eighty years. I was 'bout eight
+years ole when de Yankees come through. Chillun in dem days wus not paid much
+mind like dey is now. White chillun nor nigger chillun wus not spiled by
+tenshun.</p>
+
+<p>I got enough to eat to live on an' dat wus 'bout all I keered 'bout. Des so I
+could git a little to eat and could play all de time. I stayed outen de way of de
+grown folks. No, chillun wus not noticed like dey is now.</p>
+
+<p>I heard de grown folks talkin' 'bout de Yankees. De niggers called 'em blue
+jackets. Den one mornin', almost 'fore I knowed it, de yard wus full of 'em. Dey
+tried to ride de hosses in de house, dey caught de chickens, killed de shoats and
+took de horses an' anything else dey wanted. Dey give de nigger hardtack an'
+pickled meat. I 'members eating some of de meat, I didn't like.</p>
+
+<p>We had reasonably good food, clothin', and warm log houses wid stick an' dirt
+chimleys. De houses wus warm enough all de time in winter, and dey didn't leak in
+rainy weather neither.</p>
+
+<p>Dere wus a lot of slaves an' marster an' missus wus good to father an' mother.
+When dey had a cornshuckin' we slaves had a good time, plenty to eat, whiskey for
+de grown folks and a rastlin' match after de corn wus shucked.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[Pg 407]</a></span> A nigger dat
+shucked a red ear of corn got a extra drink of whiskey. Dat wus de custom in dem
+days.</p>
+
+<p>No prayermeetings wus allowed on de plantation but we went to Salem to white
+folks church and also to white folks church at Cary.</p>
+
+<p>Dey whupped mother 'cause she tried to learn to read, no books wus allowed.
+Mother said dat if de blue jackets had not come sooner or later I would have got
+de lash.</p>
+
+<p>Mother belonged to Sam Atkins who owned a plantation about ten miles down de
+Ramkatte Road in Wake County. Father belonged to Turner Utley and father wus
+named Jacob Utley and mother wus named Lucy Utley. My maiden name wus Chaney
+Utley. Dey wurked from sun to sun on de plantation.</p>
+
+<p>When de surrender come father an' mother come to town an' stayed about a year
+an' den went back to ole marster's plantation. Dey wus fed a long time on
+hardtack and pickled meat, by de Yankees, while in town. Dey stayed a long time
+wid ole marster when dey got back. Mother wus his cook. Rats got after mother in
+town an' she went back to marsters an' tole him 'bout it an' tole him she had
+come back home, dat she wus fraid to stay in town an' marster jes' laughted an'
+tole us all to come right in. He tole mother to go an' cook us all sumptin to eat
+an' she did. We wus all glad to git back home.</p>
+
+<p>I wus too little to wurk much but I played a lot an'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[Pg 408]</a></span> swept yards. We drank water
+outen gourds an' marster would tell me to bring him a gourd full of cool water
+when he wus settin' in his arm chair on de porch. I thought big of waitin' on
+marster, yes, dat I did.</p>
+
+<p>Dere wus fourteen of us in family, father, mother an' twelve chilluns. Dere is
+three of us livin', two of de boys an' me.</p>
+
+<p>Slavery wus a good thing from what I knows 'bout it. While I liked de Yankees
+wid dere purty clothes, I didn't like de way dey took marster's stuff an' I tole
+'em so. Mother made me hush. Dey took chickens, meat, hogs an' horses.</p>
+
+<p>We finally left ole marster's plantation an' moved Jes' a little way over on
+another plantation. Mother an' father died there.</p>
+
+<p>I married Sam Hews in Wake County when I wus fifteen years old. I had no
+children. After we wus married we stayed on de farm a year or two den we moved to
+Raleigh. We have wurked for white folks ever since, an' I am still wurkin' for
+'em now all I am able. I washes an' irons clothes. Sometimes I can't wash, I
+ain't able, but I does de bes' I can. De white folks is still good to me an' I
+likes' em.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[Pg 409]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320158]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Joe High">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>1554</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Joe High</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Joe High</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 1 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="hw">interesting first &amp; last paragraph<br />glad slavery ended but loved Missus</span></p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 199px;">
+<img src="images/j_high.jpg" width="199" height="300" alt="j_high" title="Joe High" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[Pg 410]</a></span>
+
+
+<h4>JOE HIGH</h4>
+<span class="hw">HW:&mdash;80 years</span>
+
+<p>Joe High interviewed May 18, 1937 has long been one of the best independent
+gardners in Raleigh, working variously by the hour or day.</p>
+
+<p>My name is Joe High. I lives at 527 So. Haywood. St. Raleigh, N.C. Now dere is
+one thing I want to know, is dis thing goin' to cost me anything. Hold on a
+minute, and le' me see. I want to be square, and I must be square. Now le' me
+see, le' me see sumpin'. Sometimes folks come here and dey writes and writes; den
+dey asts me, is you goin' to pay dis now? What will it cost? Well, if it costs
+nothin' I'll gib you what I knows.</p>
+
+<p>Let me git my Bible. I wants to be on de square, because I got to leave here
+some of dese days. Dis is a record from de slave books. I've been tryin' to git
+my direct age for 35 years. My cousin got my age. I wuz born April 10, 1857. My
+mother's name wuz Sarah High. Put down when she wuz born, Oct. 24, 1824. This is
+from the old slave books. We both belonged to Green High, the young master. The
+old master, I nebber seed him; but I saw old missus, Mis' Laney High. The old
+master died before I wuz born. We lived two miles north uv Zebulon. You know
+where Zebulon is in Wake County? I had two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[Pg 411]</a></span> brothers, one brother named
+Taylor High, 'nother named Ruffin High. My sister died mighty young. She come
+here wrong; she died. I' member seeing my uncle take her to the grave yard. I
+don't know whe're there's enny rec'ord o' her or not.</p>
+
+<p>My work in slavery times wuz ridin' behin' my Missus, Clara Griffin, who wuz
+my old missus' sister's daughter. She came to be our missus. When she went
+visiting I rode behind her. I also looked atter de garden, kept chickens out uv
+de garden, and minded de table, fanned flies off de table. They were good to us.
+Dey whupped us sometime. I wuz not old enough to do no fiel' work.</p>
+
+<p>One time I slep' late. It wuz in the fall uv the year. The other chilluns had
+lef' when I got up. I went out to look for 'em. When I crossed the tater patch I
+seen the ground cracked and I dug in to see what cracked it. I found a tater and
+kept diggin' till I dug it up. I carried it to the house. They had a white woman
+for a cook that year. I carried the tater and showed it to her. She took me and
+the tater and told me to come on. We went from the kitchen to the great house and
+she showed the tater to the old missus sayin', 'Look here missus, Joe has been
+stealin' taters. Here is the tater he stole'. Old missus said, 'Joe belongs to
+me, the tater belongs to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[Pg 412]</a></span> me, take it back and cook it for him. When the
+cook cooked the tater she asked me for half uv it. I gave it to her. If I had
+known den lak I knows now, she wuz tryin' to git me to git a whoppin' I wouldn't
+'er give her none uv dat tater.</p>
+
+<p>There were some frame houses, an part log houses, we called 'em the darkey
+houses. The master's house wuz called 'the great house'. We had very good places
+to sleep and plenty to eat. I got plenty uv potlicker, peas, and pumpkins. All us
+little darkies et out uv one bowl. We used mussel shells, got on the branch, for
+spoons. Dey must not er had no spoons or sumpin. The pea fowls roosted on de
+great house evey night. I didn't know whut money nor matches wuz neither.</p>
+
+<p>I 'member seein' Henry High, my first cousin, ketch a pike once, but I never
+done no fishin' or huntin'. I 'member seein' the grown folks start off possum
+huntin' at night, but I did not go.</p>
+
+<p>I wore wooden bottom shoes and I wore only a shirt. I went in my shirt tail
+until I wuz a great big boy, many years atter slavery. There were 50 or more
+slaves on the plantation. Old women wove cloth on looms. We made syrup, cane
+syrup, with a cane mill. We carried our corn to Foster's Mill down on Little
+River to have it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[Pg 413]</a></span> ground. It wuz called Little River den; I don't know whut it is
+called in dis day.</p>
+
+<p>There wuz a block in de yard, where missus got up on her horse. There were two
+steps to it. Slaves were sold from this block. I 'member seein' them sold from
+this block. George High wuz one, but they got him back.</p>
+
+<p>Dey did not teach us anything about books; dey did not teach us anything about
+readin' and writin'. I went to church at the Eppsby Church near Buffalo, not far
+from Wakefield. We sat in a corner to ourselves.</p>
+
+<p>My brother Taylor ran away. Young master sent him word to come on back home;
+he won't goin' to whup him, and he come back. Yes, he come back.</p>
+
+<p>We played the games uv marbles, blind fold, jumpin', and racin', and jumpin'
+the rope. The doctor looked atter us when we were sick, sometimes, but it wuz
+mostly done by old women. Dey got erbs and dey gib us wormfuge. Dey worked us
+out. I wuz not old enough to pay much attention to de doctor's name.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members one day my young master, Green High, and me wuz standin' in de
+front yard when two men come down the avenue from de main road to the house. Dey
+wanted to know how fer it wuz to Green High's. Master told 'em it wuz about 2
+miles away and gave 'em the direction. Dey were Yankees. Dey got on their horses
+and left. Dey didn't know dey wuz talking to Green High then. When dey left,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[Pg 414]</a></span> master left.
+I didn't see him no more in a long time. Soon next day the yard wuz full uv
+Yankee soldiers. I 'members how de buttons on dere uniforms shined. Dey got corn,
+meat, chickens, and eveything they wanted. Day didn't burn the house.</p>
+
+<p>Old man Bert Doub or Domb kept nigger hounds. When a nigger run away he would
+ketch him for de master. De master would send atter him and his dogs when a
+nigger run away. I 'member one overseer, a Negro, Hamp High and another Coff
+High. Nobody told me nothin' about being free and I knowed nothin' 'bout whut it
+meant.</p>
+
+<p>I married Rosetta Hinton. She belonged to the Hintons during slavery. She is
+dead; she's been dead fourteen years. We were married at her mother's home; the
+river plantation belonging to the Hintons. I wuz married by a preacher at this
+home. Atter the wedding we had good things to eat and we played games. All stayed
+there that night and next day we went back to whar I wuz workin' on de Gen. Cox's
+farm. I wuz workin' dere. We had 6 chillun. Two died at birth. All are dead
+except one in Durham named Tommie High and one in New York City. Tommie High
+works in a wheat mill. Eddie High is a cashermiser, (calciminer) works on
+walls.</p>
+
+<p>I thought slavery wuz right. I felt that this wuz the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[Pg 415]</a></span> way things had to go, the way
+they were fixed to go. I wuz satisfied. The white folks treated me all right. My
+young missus loved me and I loved her. She whupped me sometimes. I think just for
+fun sometimes, when I wuz ridin' behind her, she would tell me to put my arms
+around her and hold to her apron strings. One day she wuz sittin' on the side
+saddle; I wuz sittin' behind her. She wud try to git old Dave, the horse she wuz
+a ridin to walk; she would say, 'Ho Dave', den I wud kick de horse in de side and
+she wud keep walkin' on. She asked me, 'Joe, why does Dave not want to stop?'</p>
+
+<p>I saw a lot of Yankees, I wuz afraid of 'em. They called us Johnnie, Susie,
+and tole us they wouldn't hurt us.</p>
+
+<p>I think Abraham Lincoln is all right, I guess, the way he saw it. I think he
+was like I wuz as a boy from what I read, and understand; he wuz like me jest the
+way he saw things. I liked the rules, and ways o' my old master and missus, while
+the Yankees and Abraham Lincoln gave me more rest.</p>
+
+<p>How did I learn to read? Atter de war I studies. I wonts ter read de hymms an'
+songs. I jis picks up de readin' myself.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[Pg 416]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It's quare to me, I cannot remember one word my mother ever said to me, not
+nary a word she said can I remember. I remember she brought me hot potlicker and
+bread down to the house of mornings when I wuz small; but I'se been tryin to
+'member some words she spoke to me an' I cain't.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_417" id="Page_417">[Pg 417]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320246]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Susan High">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>936</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>SUSAN HIGH</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Susan High</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_418" id="Page_418">[Pg 418]</a></span>
+
+<h4>SUSAN HIGH</h4>
+
+<h5>519 Haywood Street<br />
+Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>My name is Susan High. I wus born in June. I am 70 years old. My mother wus
+named Piety an' she belonged to de ole man Giles Underhill before de surrender.
+My father he wus George Merritt an' he belonged to Ben Merritt, Ivan Proctor's
+grandfather. Dey lived on a plantation near Eagle Rock, Wake County. Dey called
+de creek near by Mark's Creek.</p>
+
+<p>My parents said dat dey had a mighty hard time, an' dat durin' slavery time,
+de rules wus mighty strict. De hours of work on de farm wus from sun to sun wid
+no time 'cept at Christmas and at lay-by time, 4th of July for anything but work.
+Dey were not 'lowed no edication, and very little time to go to church. Sometimes
+de went to de white folks church. Mother said dey whupped de slaves if dey broke
+de rules.</p>
+
+<p>Dey said de overseers were worse den de slave owners. De overseers were
+ginerally white men hired by de marster. My father said dey had poor white men to
+overseer, and de slave owner would go on about his business and sometimes didn't
+know an' didn't eben care how mean de overseer wus to de slaves.</p>
+
+<p>Dere wus a lot o' things to drink, dey said, cider, made from apples, whiskey,
+an' brandy. Dey said people didn't notice it lak dey do now, not many got drunk,
+cause dere wus plenty of it. Father said it wus ten cents a quart, dat is de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[Pg 419]</a></span> whiskey made
+outen corn, and de brandy wus cheap too.</p>
+
+<p>Dey said de clothes were wove, an' dat mos' chillun went barefooted, an' in
+dere shirt tails; great big boys, goin' after de cows, and feedin' de horses, an'
+doin' work around de house in deir shirt tails. Grown slaves got one pair o'
+shoes a year an' went barefooted de res' o' de time. Biscuit wus a thing dey
+seldom got.</p>
+
+<p>Women cleared land by rollin' logs into piles and pilin' brush in de new
+grounds. Dey were 'lowed patches, but dey used what dey made to eat. Daddy said
+dey didn't have time to fish and hunt any. Dey were too tired for dat. Dey had to
+work so hard.</p>
+
+<p>Daddy said he wus proud o' freedom, but wus afraid to own it. Dey prayed fer
+freedom secretly. When de Yankees come daddy saved a two horse wagon load of meat
+for marster by takin' it off in de swamp and hidin' it, an' den marster wouldn't
+give him nary bit uv it. After de surrender, dey turned him out wid a crowd o'
+little chillun wid out a thing. Dey give him nothin'. My mother saved her
+marster's life, Charles Underhill.</p>
+
+<p>Well you see he wus takin' care uv a lot o' meat and whiskey for Dick Jordon,
+an' de Yankees come an' he treated 'em from whiskey he had in a bottle, an' tole
+'em he had no more. Dey searched his home an' found it in a shed room, an' den
+dey said dey were goin' to kill him for tellin' 'em a lie.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_420" id="Page_420">[Pg 420]</a></span> She
+<ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: heard">herd</ins> 'em talkin' and she busted through
+de crowd and told 'em dat de stuff belonged to anudder man and dat her marster
+was not lyin', an' not to hurt 'im. De Yankees said, 'You have saved dis ole son
+of a bitch, we won't kill' em den.' Dey took all de meat, whiskey, an' everything
+dey wanted. Marster promised mother a cow, and calf, a sow, and pigs for what she
+had done for him an' to stay on an' finish de crop. When de fall o' de year come
+he did not give her de wrappin's o' her finger. Dat's what my mudder tole me. We
+wus teached to call 'em mammie and pappie. I is gwine to tell you just zackly
+like it is we were taught dese things. I wants to be pasidefily right in what I
+tell you.</p>
+
+<p>We lef' dat place an' mammie an' pappie farmed wid Solomon Morgan a Free Issue
+for several years. De family had typhoid fever an' five were down with it at one
+time. But de Lawd will provide. Sich as dat makes me say people wont die till
+deir time comes. Dere is some mighty good white people in dis place in America,
+and also bad. If it hadn't been for 'em we colored folks would have ben in a
+mighty bad fix. We got our jobs and help from 'em to git us to de place we are
+at. Dr. Henry Montague doctored us and none died. It wusn't dere time to go. No,
+no, hit wasn't deir time to go. We then moved back to Marster's for a year, and
+then we moved to Rolesville in Wake County.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">[Pg 421]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I married den and moved to Raleigh. I married Robert High. He is dead. He been
+dead 'bout 30 years. I don't know much 'bout Abraham Lincoln I think he wus a
+fine man. Mr. Roosevelt's ideas is fine if he can carry 'em out.</p>
+
+<p><small>AC</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_422" id="Page_422">[Pg 422]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320084]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Kitty Hill">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>878</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>KITTY HILL</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Kitty Hill</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 17 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_423" id="Page_423">[Pg 423]</a></span>
+
+<h4>KITTY HILL</h4>
+
+<h5>329 West South Street, Raleigh, North Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>I tole you yisterday dat my age wus 76 years old, but my daughter come home,
+an' I axed her' bout it an' she say I is 77 years old. I don't know exactly the
+date but I wus born in April. I wus a little girl 'bout five years ole when de
+surrender come, but I don't' member anything much' bout de Yankees.</p>
+
+<p>I wus born in Virginia, near Petersburg, an' mother said de Yankees had been
+hanging' round dere so long dat a soldier wus no sight to nobody.</p>
+
+<p>'Bout de time de Yankees come I' member hearin' dem talk 'bout de surrender.
+Den a Jew man by the name of Isaac Long come to Petersburg, bought us an' brought
+us to Chatham County to a little country town, named Pittsboro. Ole man Isaac
+Long run a store an' kept a boarding house. We stayed on de lot. My mother
+cooked. We stayed there a long time atter de war. Father wus sent to Manassas Gap
+at the beginning of de war and I do not 'member ever seein' him.</p>
+
+<p>My mother wus named Viney Jefferson an' my father wus named Thomas Jefferson.
+We 'longed to the Jeffersons there and we went by the name of Jefferson when we
+wus sold and brought to N.C. I do not 'member my grandparents on my mother's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_424" id="Page_424">[Pg 424]</a></span> or father's
+side. Mother had one boy an' three girls. The boy wus named Robert, an' the girls
+were Kate, Rosa and Kitty. Marster Long bought mother an' all de chilluns, but
+mother never seed father anymore atter he wus sent off to de war.</p>
+
+<p>I married Green Hill in Chatham County. I married him at Moncure about nine
+miles from Pittsboro. We lived at Moncure and mother moved there an' we lived
+together for a long time. When we left Moncure we come ter Raleigh. Mother had
+died long time 'fore we left Moncure, Chatham County. We moved ter Raleigh atter
+de World War.</p>
+
+<p>Mother used ter tell we chilluns stories of patterollers ketchin' niggers an'
+whuppin' 'em an' of how some of de men outrun de patterollers an' got away. Dere
+wus a song dey used to sing, it went like dis. Yes sir, ha! ha! I wants ter tell
+you dat song, here it is:</p>
+
+<p>'Somefolks say dat a nigger wont steal, I caught two in my corn field, one had a bushel, one had a
+peck, an' one had rosenears, strung 'round his neck. 'Run nigger run, Patteroller
+ketch you, run nigger run like you did de udder day.'</p>
+
+<p>My mother said she wus treated good. Yes she said dey wus good ter her in
+Virginia. Mother said de slave men on de Jefferson plantation in Virginia would
+steal de hosses ter ride ter dances at night. One time a hoss dey stole an' rode
+ter a dance fell dead an' dey tried ter tote him home. Mother laughted a lot
+about dat. I heard my mother say dat de cavalry<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_425" id="Page_425">[Pg 425]</a></span> southern folks was bout de
+meanest in de war. She talked a lot about Wheeler's cavalry.</p>
+
+<p>Dere wus a lot of stealin' an' takin' meat, silver, stock an' anything.
+Hosses, cows an' chickens jist didn't have no chance if a Yankee laid his eyes on
+'em. A Yankee wus pisen to a yard full of fowls. Dey killed turkeys, chickens and
+geese. Now dats de truth. Mother said de Yankees skinned turkeys, chickens and
+geese 'fore dey cooked 'em. Sometimes dey would shoot a hog an' jist take de hams
+an' leave de rest dere to spile. Dey would kill a cow, cut off de quarters an'
+leave de rest ter rot.</p>
+
+<p>Mother said no prayer meetings wus allowed de slaves in Virginia where she
+stayed. Dey turned pots down ter kill de noise an' held meetings at night. Dey
+had niggers ter watch an' give de alarm if dey saw de white folks comin'. Dey
+always looked out for patterollers. Dey were not allowed any edication an' mother
+could not read and write nuther.</p>
+
+<p>I 'member de Ku Klux an' how dey beat people. One night a man got away from
+'em near whar we lived in Chatham County. He lived out in de edge of de woods;
+and when dey knocked on de door he jumped out at a back window in his night
+clothes wid his pants in his hands an' outrun 'em. Dere wus rocks in de woods
+whar he run an' dat nigger jist tore his feet up. Dey went ter one nigger's house
+up dere an' de door' wus barred up. Dey got a ax an' cut a hole in de door.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">[Pg 426]</a></span> When de hole
+got big enough de nigger blammed down on 'em wid a gun an' shot one of dere eyes
+out. You know de Ku Klux went disguised an' when dey got ter your house dey would
+say in a fine voice, Ku Klux, Ku Klux, Ku Klux, Ku Klux.</p>
+
+<p>Some people say dey are in slavery now an' dat de niggers never been
+in nothin' else; but de way some of it wus I believe it wus a bad
+thing. Some slaves fared all right though an' had a good time an'
+liked slavery.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_427" id="Page_427">[Pg 427]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320218]</div>
+<div class="left">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Jerry Hinton">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>997</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>JERRY HINTON</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Jerry Hinton</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[Pg 428]</a></span>
+
+<h4>JERRY HINTON</h4>
+
+<p>My full name is Jerry Hinton. I wus borned in February, 1855. I am not able
+ter work. I work all I can. I am trying ter do de best I can ter help myself.
+Yes, just tryin' ter do sumpin, ain't able ter work much. I am ruptured, an' old.
+My old house looks 'bout old as I do, it's 'bout to fall down, ain't able ter fix
+it up. It needs repairing. I ain't able ter make no repairs.</p>
+
+<p>I wus born on a plantation in Wake County. My master wus Richard Seawell, an'
+Missus wus named Adelaide. His plantation wus on Neuse River. He had two
+plantations, but I wus a little boy, an' don't remember how many acres in de
+plantation or how many slaves. There wus a lot of 'em tho'. I would follow master
+'round an' look up in his face so he would give me biscuit an' good things ter
+eat.</p>
+
+<p>My mother, before marriage, wus named Silvia Seawell, an' father wus named
+Andrew Hinton. Atter they wus married mother went by the name of Hinton, my
+father's family name. I had&mdash;I don't know&mdash;mos' anything wus good ter
+me. Master brought me biscuit an' I thought that wus the greatest thing at all.
+Yes, I got purty good food.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_429" id="Page_429">[Pg 429]</a></span> Our clothes wus not fine, but warm. I went
+barefooted mos' o' the time, an' in summer I went in my shirt tail.</p>
+
+<p>Dey called de slave houses 'quarters', de house where de overseer lived wus de
+'Overseer's House'. Master had a overseer to look atter his men; De overseer wus
+named Bridgers. De house where Master lived wus de 'Great House'.</p>
+
+<p>Dey would not allow us any books. I cannot read an' write. I have seen de
+patterollers, but I neber saw' em whip nobody; but I saw' em lookin' fer somebody
+ter whup. I've neber seen a slave sold. I've neber seen a jail fer slaves or
+slaves in chains. I have seen master whup slaves though. I wus neber whupped. Dey
+wrung my ears an' pulled my nose to punish me.</p>
+
+<p>Dere wus no churches on de plantation, but we had prayer meetin's in our
+homes. We went to de white folks church. My father used to take me by de hand an'
+carry me ter church. Daddy belonged ter de Iron Side Baptist Church. We called
+our fathers 'daddy' in slavery time. Dey would not let slaves call deir fathers
+'father'. Dey called 'em 'daddy', an' white children called deir father, 'Pa'. I
+didn't work any in slavery time, 'cept feed pigs, an' do things fer my master;
+waited on him. I went 'round wid him a lot, an' I had rather see him<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_430" id="Page_430">[Pg 430]</a></span> come on de
+plantation any time dan to see my daddy. I do not remember any possums or other
+game being eaten at our house. I do not remember eber goin' a-fishin durin'
+slavery time.</p>
+
+<p>Master had two boys ter go off ter de war. Dey carried 'em off ter de war. I
+don't know how many children dey had, but I remember two of 'em goin' off ter de
+war. Don't know what became of 'em.</p>
+
+<p>I shore remember de Yankees. Yes sir, Ha! ha! I shore remember dem. Dem
+Yankees tore down an' drug out ever'thing, dey come across. Dey killed hogs, an'
+chickens. Dey took only part of a hog an' lef' de rest. Dey shot cows, an'
+sometimes jest cut off de hind quarters an' lef de rest. Dey knocked de heads out
+o' de barrels o' molasses. Dey took horses, cows an' eber'thing, but they did not
+hurt any o' de children. Dey wus folks dat would tear down things.</p>
+
+<p>Atter de surrender my mother moved over on de plantation where my father
+stayed. We stayed dere a long time, an' den we moved back to Richard Seawell's,
+old master's plantation, stayin' dere a long time. Den we moved to Jessie
+Taylor's place below Raleigh between Crabtree Creek an' Neuse River. When we lef'
+Taylor's we moved ter Banner Dam northeast of Raleigh near Boone's Pond. Mother
+an' father both died dere. Atter leaving dere I come here.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_431" id="Page_431">[Pg 431]</a></span> I have lived
+in Oberlin ebery since. Guess I'll die here; if I can git de money to pay my
+taxes, I know I will die here.</p>
+
+<p>I think slavery wus good because I wus treated all right. I think I am 'bout
+as much a slave now as ever.</p>
+
+<p>I don't think any too much o' Abraham Lincoln, Jeff Davis or any o' dem men.
+Don't know much 'bout 'em. Guess Mr. Roosevelt is all right. 'Bout half the folks
+both black an' white is slaves an' don't know it. When I wus a slave I had
+nothin' on me, no responsibility on any of us, only to work. Didn't have no taxes
+to pay, neber had to think whur de next meal wus comin' from.</p>
+
+<p>Dis country is in a bad fix. Looks like sumptin got to be done someway or
+people, a lot of 'em, are goin' to parish to death. Times are hard, an' dey is
+gettin' worse. Don't know how I am goin' to make it, if I don't git some help. We
+been prayin' fer rain. Crops are done injured, but maybe de Lawd will help us.
+Yes, I trust in de Lawd.</p>
+
+<p>I been married twice. I married Henritta Nunn first, an' den Henritta Jones. I
+had three children by first marriage, an' none <ins class="edcorr" title="original b">bi</ins>
+second marriage. My wife is over seventy years old. We have a hard time making
+enough to git a little sumptin to eat. I wus mighty glad to see<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_432" id="Page_432">[Pg 432]</a></span> you when you
+come up dis mornin', an' I hopes what I have told you will help some one to know
+how bad we need help. I feels de Lawd will open up de way. Yes sir, I do.</p>
+
+<p><small>LE</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_433" id="Page_433">[Pg 433]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320179]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Martha Adeline Hinton">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>568</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>MARTHA ADELINE HINTON</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Martha Adeline Hinton</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b><span class="hw">HW Date "8/31/37"</span></b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[Pg 434]</a></span>
+
+<h4>MARTHA ADELINE HINTON</h4>
+
+<h5>#2&mdash;Star St., Route 2, Raleigh, North Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>I wus born May 3, 1861 at Willis Thompson's plantation in Wake County about
+fifteen miles from Raleigh. He wus my marster an' his wife Muriel wus my missus.
+My father's name wus Jack Emery an' mother's name was Minerva Emery. My mother
+belonged to Willis Thompson and my father belonged to Ephriam Emery. Mother
+stayed with my marster's married daughter. She married Johnny K. Moore.</p>
+
+<p>Marster had three children, all girls; dere names wus Margaret, Caroline and
+Nancy. There wus only one slave house dere 'cause dey only had one slave whur my
+mother stayed. Marster Thompson had five slaves on his plantation. He wus good to
+slaves but his wife wus rough. We had a <ins class="edcorr" title="HW correction: reasonably">resonably</ins> good place to sleep an' fair sumptin to eat. You sees I wus
+mighty young an' I members very little 'bout some things in slavery but from what
+my mother an father tole me since de war it wus just 'bout middlin' livin' at
+marster's. Slaves wore homemade clothes an' shoes. De shoes had wooden bottoms
+but most slave chilluns went barefooted winter an' summer till dey wus ole 'nough
+to go to work. De first pair of shoes I wore my daddy made 'em. I 'member it
+well. I will never furgit it, I wus so pleased wid 'em. All slave chillun I knows
+anything 'bout wore homemade clothes an' went barefooted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_435" id="Page_435">[Pg 435]</a></span> most of the time an' bareheaded
+too.</p>
+
+<p>I member de Yankees an' how dey had rods searchin' for money an' took things.
+I members a Yankee goin' to mother an' sayin' we was free. When he lef' missus
+come an' axed her what he say to her an' mother tole missus what he said an'
+missus says 'No he didn't tell you you is free, you jes axed him wus you free.'
+Father wus hired out to Frank Page of Gary. He wus cuttin cord wood for him, when
+he heard de Yankees wus coming he come home. When he got dere de Yankees had done
+been to de house an' gone.</p>
+
+<p>Durin' slavery dey tried to sell daddy. De speculator wus dere an 'daddy
+suspicion sumpin. His marster tole him to go an' shuck some corn. Dey aimed to
+git him in de corn crib an' den tie him an' sell him but when he got to the crib
+he kept on goin'. He went to Mr. Henry Buffaloe's an' stayed two weeks den he
+went back home. Dere wus nuthin' else said 'bout sellin him. Dey wanted to sell
+him an buy a 'oman so dey could have a lot of slave chilluns cause de 'oman could
+multiply. Dey hired men out by the year to contractors to cut cord wood an' build
+railroads. Father wus hired out dat way. Ole man Rome Harp wus hired out day way.
+He belonged to John Harp.</p>
+
+<p>Daddy said his marster never did hit him but one blow. Daddy said he wurked
+hard everyday, an' done as near right as he knowed how to do in everything. His
+marster got mad ah' hit him wid a long switch. Den daddy tole him he wus workin'
+bes' he could for him an' dat he wus not goin' to take a whuppin. His marster
+walked off an' dat wus de last of it, an' he never tried to whup him again.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[Pg 436]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320225]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Robert Hinton">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>775</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>ROBERT HINTON</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Robert Hinton</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_437" id="Page_437">[Pg 437]</a></span>
+
+<h4>ROBERT HINTON</h4>
+
+<h5>420 Smith Street, Raleigh, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>My name is Robert Hinton. I ain't able to work, ain't been able to do any work
+in five years. My wife, Mary Hinton, supports me by workin' with the WPA. She was
+cut off las' May. Since she has had no job, we have to live on what she makes
+with what little washin' she gets from de white folks; an' a little help from
+charity; dis ain't much. Dey give you for one week, one half peck meal, one pound
+meat, one pound powdered milk, one half pound o' coffee. Dis is what we git for
+one week.</p>
+
+<p>I wus borned in 1856 on de Fayetteville Road three miles from Raleigh, south.
+I belonged to Lawrence Hinton. My missus wus named Jane Hinton. De Hintons had
+'bout twenty slaves on de plantation out dere. Dey had four chillun, de boy
+Ransom an' three girls: Belle, Annie an' Miss Mary. All are dead but one, Miss
+Mary is livin' yit. My mother wus named Liza Hinton an' my father wus named Bob
+Hinton. My gran'mother wus named Mary Hinton an' gran'father Harry Hinton.</p>
+
+<p>We had common food in slavery time, but it wus well fixed up, an' we were well
+clothed. We had a good place to sleep, yes sir, a good place to sleep. We worked<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_438" id="Page_438">[Pg 438]</a></span>
+from sunrise to sunset under overseers. Dey were good to us. I wus small at dat
+time. I picked up sticks in de yard an' done some work around de house, but when
+dey turned deir backs I would be playin' most o' de time. We played shootin'
+marbles, an' runnin', an' jumpin'. We called de big house de dwelling house an'
+de slave quarters de slave houses. Some of 'em were in marster's yard and some
+were outside. Dey give all de families patches and gardens, but dey did not sell
+anything.</p>
+
+<p>We had prayer meetin' in our houses when we got ready, but dere were no
+churches for niggers on de plantation. We had dances and other socials durin'
+Christmas times. Dey give us de Christmas holidays.</p>
+
+<p>No sir, dey did not whup me. I wus mighty young. Dey didn't work chillun much.
+I have seen 'em whup de grown ones do'. I never saw a slave sold and never saw
+any in chains. Dey run away from our plantation but dey come back again. William
+Brickell, Sidney Cook, Willis Hinton all run away. I don't know why dey all run
+away but some run away to keep from being whupped.</p>
+
+<p>I have lived in North Carolina all my life, right here in Wake County. We used
+to set gums and catch rabbits, set traps and caught patridges and doves.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_439" id="Page_439">[Pg 439]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Yes sir, I went blindin'. I 'members gittin' a big light an' jumpin' 'round de
+bresh heaps, an' when a bird come out we frailed him down. We went gigging fish
+too. We found 'em lying on de bottom o' de creeks an' ponds at night, an' stuck
+de gig in 'em an' pulled 'em out.</p>
+
+<p>De white folks, ole missus, teached us de catechism, but dey didn't want you
+to learn to read and write. I can read and write now; learned since de surrender.
+Sometimes we went to de white folks church. I don't know any songs.</p>
+
+<p>When we got sick our boss man sent for a doctor, Dr. Burke Haywood, Dr.
+Johnson, or Dr. Hill.</p>
+
+<p>I 'members when de North folks and de Southern folks wus fightin'. De Northern
+soldiers come in here on de Fayetteville Road. I saw 'em by de hundreds. Dey had
+colored folks soldiers in blue clothes too. In de mornin' white soldiers, in de
+evenin' colored soldiers; dats de way dey come to town.</p>
+
+<p>I married first Almeta Harris. I had six children by her. Second, I married
+Mary Jones. She is my wife now. We had six children. My wife is now 65 years old
+and she has to support me. I am done give out too much to work any more.</p>
+
+<p>Yes sir, that I have seen de patterollers, but my old boss didn't 'low 'em to
+whup his niggers. Marster give his men passes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_440" id="Page_440">[Pg 440]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I know when de Ku Klux was here, but I don't know much about 'em.</p>
+
+<p>I thought slavery wus a bad thing' cause all slaves did not fare alike. It wus
+all right for some, but bad for some, so it wus a bad thing.</p>
+
+<p>I joined the church because I got religion and thought the church might help
+me keep it.</p>
+
+<p>I think Abraham Lincoln wus a good man, but I likes Mr. Roosevelt; he is a
+good man, a good man.</p>
+
+<p><small>AC</small></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_441" id="Page_441">[Pg 441]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320048]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="William George Hinton">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>922</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>WILLIAM GEORGE HINTON</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>William George Hinton</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>G. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b><span class="hw">HW Date: "8/31/37"</span></b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_442" id="Page_442">[Pg 442]</a></span>
+
+<h4>WILLIAM GEORGE HINTON</h4>
+
+<h5>Star Street, R. F. D. #2, Box 171</h5>
+
+<p>I was born in Wake County in de year 1859. August 28th. I 'members seeing de
+Yankees, it seems like a dream. One come along ridin' a mule. Dey sed he wus a
+Yankee bummer, a man dat went out raging on peoples things. He found out whur the
+things wus located an' carried the rest there. The bummers stole for de army,
+chickens, hogs, an' anything they could take. Atter de bummer come along in a few
+minutes de whole place wus crowded wid Yankees. De blue coats wus everywhere I
+could look.</p>
+
+<p>Marster didn't have but five slaves, an' when de Yankees come dere wus only me
+an' my oldest sister dere. All de white folks had left except missus and her
+chillun. Her baby wus only three weeks ole then.</p>
+
+<p>A Yankee come to my oldest sister an' said, 'Whur is dem horses?' He pulled
+out a large pistol an' sed, 'Tell me whur dem horses is or I will take your damn
+sweet life.' Marster hid de horses an' sister didn't know, she stuck to it she
+didn't know an' de Yankees didn't shoot.</p>
+
+<p>Dey come back, de whole crowd, de next day an' made marster bring in his
+horses. Bey took de horses an' bought some chickens an' paid for 'em, den dey
+killed an' took de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_443" id="Page_443">[Pg 443]</a></span> rest. Ha! ha! dey shore done dat. Paid for some an' took de
+rest.</p>
+
+<p>I seed de Yankees atter de surrender. Dey wus staying at de ole Soldiers Home
+on New Bern Avenue. One day mother carried me there to sell to 'em. One time she
+went there an' she had a rooster who wus a game. His eyes wus out from fighting
+another game rooster belonging to another person near our home, Mr. Emory Sewell.
+She carried de rooster in where dere wus a sick Yankee. De Yankee took him in his
+hands an' de rooster crowed. He give mother thirty-five cents for him. De Yankee
+said if he could crow an' his eyes out he wanted him. He said, he called dat
+spunk.</p>
+
+<p>Dere wus a man who wus a slave dat belonged to Mr. Kerney Upchurch come along
+riding a mule. My oldest sister, de one de Yankees threatened, tole him de
+Yankees are up yonder. He said, 'Dad lim de Yankees.' He went on, when he got
+near de Yankees dey tole him to halt.' Instead of haltin' he sold out runnin' the
+mule fur de ole field. Der wus a gang of young fox hounds dere. When he lit out
+on de mule, dey thought he wus goin' huntin' so dey took out atter him, jest like
+dey wus atter a fox. Some of de Yankees shot at him, de others just almost died a
+laughin'.</p>
+
+<p>We didn't git much to eat. Mother said it wus missus fault, she was so
+stingy.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_444" id="Page_444">[Pg 444]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We had homemade clothes an' wooden bottom shoes for de grown folks, but
+chillun did not wear shoes den, dey went barefooted.</p>
+
+<p>All de slaves lived in one house built about one hundred yards from the great
+house, marsters house wus called the great house.</p>
+
+<p>My father wus named Robin Hinton an' my mother wus named Dafney Hinton. My
+father belonged to Betsy Ransom Hinton an' mother belonged first to Reddin Cromb
+in Lenoir County an' then to James Thompson of Wake County. I wus borned after
+mother wus brought to Wake County. Marster had one boy named Beuregard, four
+girls, Caroline, Alice, Lena and Nellie. I do not remember my grandparents.</p>
+
+<p>I saw a slave named Lucinda, sold to ole man Askew, a speculator, by Kerney
+Upchurch. I seed 'em carry her off.</p>
+
+<p>One of de slave men who belonged to ole man Burl Temples wus sent to wurk for
+Mr. Temples' son who had married. His missus put him to totin' water before goin'
+to wurk in de mornin'. Three other slaves toted water also. He refused to tote
+water an' ran. She set de blood hounds atter him an' caught him near his home,
+which wus his ole marster's house. Ole marster's son come out, an' wouldn't let
+'em whup him, an' they wouldn't make him go back.</p>
+
+<p>Missus Harriet Temples wus a terrible 'oman, a slave jest couldn't suit her.
+De slave dat run away from young<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_445" id="Page_445">[Pg 445]</a></span> marster wus finally sent back. His marster give
+him a shoulder of meat before he left. He hung it in a tree. Missus tole him to
+put it in the smoke house. He refused, sayin' he would see it no more.</p>
+
+<p>A slave by the name of Sallie Temples run away 'cause her missus, Mary
+Temples, wus so mean to her. She stuck hot irons to her. Made 'em drink milk an'
+things for punishment is what my mother an' father said. Sallie never did come
+back. Nobody never did know what become of her.</p>
+
+<p>Soon as de war wus over father an' mother left dere marsters. Dey went to Mr.
+Tom Bridgers. We lived on de farm atter dis. Mother cooked, sister an' I worked
+on de farm. Sister plowed like a man. De first help my mammy got wus from de
+Yankees, it wus pickle meat an' hardtack. I wus wid her an' dey took me in an'
+give me some clothes. Mother drawed from 'em a long time. We have farmed most our
+lives. Sometimes we worked as hirelings and den as share croppers. I think
+slavery wus a bad thing.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_446" id="Page_446">[Pg 446]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320116]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Eustace Hodges">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>465</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Eustace Hodges</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Eustace Hodges</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Geo. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 6 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_447" id="Page_447">[Pg 447]</a></span>
+
+<h4>EUSTACE HODGES</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview with Eustace Hodges, 76 years old, of 625 W. Lenoir Street,
+Raleigh, North Carolina.</h5>
+
+<p>I doan know when I wus borned, ner where but at fust my mammy an' me 'longed
+ter a McGee here in Wake County. My mammy wurked in de fiel's den, ditchin' an'
+such, even plowin' while we 'longed ter McGee, but he sold us ter Mr. Rufus
+Jones. My daddy still 'longed ter him but at de close of de war he comed ter Mr.
+Jones' plantation an' he tuck de name of Jones 'long wid us.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Rufus wus gooder dan Marse McGee, dey said. He give us more ter eat an'
+wear an' he ain't make us wurk so hard nother. We had our wurk ter do, of course,
+but mammy ain't had ter ditch ner plow no mo'. She wurked in de house den, an'
+none of de wimmen done men's wurk. Course she can't wurk so hard an' have 'leben
+chilluns too. She had a baby one day an' went ter wurk de nex' while she 'longed
+ter McGee, but at Marse Rufus' she stayed in de bed seberal days an' had a
+doctor.</p>
+
+<p>Marse Rufus uster let us take Sadday evenin' off an' go swimmin' er fishin' er
+go ter Raleigh. I 'members<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_448" id="Page_448">[Pg 448]</a></span> dat somebody in town had a fuss wid Marse Rufus
+'bout lettin' his niggers run loose in town. Marse Rufus atter dat had a oberseer
+in town ter see 'bout his niggers.</p>
+
+<p>I got a whuppin' once fer punchin' out a frog's eyes. Miss Sally giv' hit ter
+me long wid a lecture 'bout bein' kin' ter dumb brutes, but I ain't neber seed
+whar a frog am a brute yit.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'um I heard a heap 'bout de Yankees but I ain't prepared fer dere takin'
+eben our bread. Miss Sally ain't prepared nother an' she tells' em whar ter go,
+den she goes ter bed sick. I wus sorry fer Miss Sally, dat I wus.</p>
+
+<p>De day dat news of de surrender come Miss Sally cried some more an' she ain't
+wanted mammy ter go, so Marse Rufus said dat we can stay on. Dey said dat Mister
+McGee runned his niggers offen his place wid a bresh broom dat day.</p>
+
+<p>Atter de war we stayed on Marse Rufus' place till 1898 when pa died. I had
+married a feller by de name of Charlie Hodges, what lived on a nearby plantation
+an' we wus livin' on Marse Rufus' place wid pa an' ma. We moved ter Raleigh den
+an' atter seberal years mammy moved hear too. You can fin' her on Cannon Street,
+but I'll tell you dat she's pretty puny now, since her stroke.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_449" id="Page_449">[Pg 449]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320195]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Alex Huggins">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mrs. Edith S. Hibbs and Mrs. W. N. Harriss</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>795</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Alex Huggins' Story</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Alex Huggins</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><b>920 Dawson St, Wilmington, N.C.</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mrs W. N. Harriss</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_450" id="Page_450">[Pg 450]</a></span>
+
+<h4>STORY OF ALEX HUGGINS, EX-SLAVE</h4>
+
+<h5>920 Dawson Street, Wilmington, N.C.</h5>
+
+<p>I was born in New Bern on July 9, 1850. My father and mother belonged to Mr.
+L. B. Huggins. My father was a carpenter and ship builder an' the first things I
+remember was down on Myrtle Grove Sound, where Mr. Huggins had a place. I was a
+sort of bad boy an' liked to roam 'round. When I was about twelve years old I ran
+away. It was in 1863 when the war was goin' on.</p>
+
+<p>Nobody was bein' mean to me. No, I was'nt bein' whipped. Don't you know all
+that story 'bout slaves bein' whipped is all <span class="u">Bunk</span>, (with
+scornful emphasis). What pusson with any sense is goin' to take his horse or his
+cow an' beat it up. It's prope'ty. We was prope'ty. Val'able prope'ty. No,
+indeed, Mr. Luke give the bes' of attention to his colored people, an' Mis'
+Huggins was like a mother to my mother. Twa'nt anythin' wrong about home that
+made me run away. I'd heard so much talk 'bout freedom I reckon I jus' wanted to
+try it, an' I thought I had to get away from home to have it.</p>
+
+<p>Well, I coaxed two other boys to go with me, an' a grown man he got the boat
+an' we slipped off to the beach an' put out to sea. Yes'm, we sho' was after
+adventure. But, we did'n get very far out from sho', an' I saw the lan' get
+dimmer an' dimmer, when I got skeered, an' then I got seasick,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_451" id="Page_451">[Pg 451]</a></span> an' we was
+havin' more kinds of adventure than we wanted, an' then we saw some ships. There
+was two of 'em, an' they took us on board.</p>
+
+<p>They was the North Star an' the Eastern Star of the Aspinwal Line, a mail an'
+freighter runnin' between Aspinwal near the Isthmus of Panama and New York. We
+used to put in off Charleston.</p>
+
+<p>Then, in 1864 I joined the Union Navy. Went on board our convoy, the Nereus.
+We convoyed to keep the Alabama, a Confederate privateer, away. The Commander of
+the Nereus asked me how's I like to be his cabin boy. So I was 2nd class cabin
+boy an' waited on the Captain. He was Five Stripe Commander J. C. Howell. He was
+Commander of the whole fleet off Fort Fisher. When the Captain wanted somethin'
+good to eat he used to send me ashore for provisions. He liked me. He was an old
+man. He didn't take much stock in fun, but he was a real man. I was young an'
+was'nt serious. I jus' wanted a good time. I don't know much about the war, but I
+do know two men of our boat was killed on shore while we was at Fort Fisher.</p>
+
+<p>After the battle of Fort Fisher, we was on our way to Aspinwal. Layin' off one
+day at Navassa Island, the Mast Head reported a strange sail. 'Where away?' 'Just
+ahead'. 'She seems to be a three mast steamer!' 'Which way headed?' We decided it
+was the Alabama going to St. Nicholas Mole, West Indies.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_452" id="Page_452">[Pg 452]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Our Captain called the officers together an' held a meetin'. Says he: 'We'll
+go under one bell (slow). Lieutenant will go ashore an' get some information.'
+When we got there she had a coal schooner alongside taking on coal. Our Captain
+prepared to capture her when she came out. But she did'n come out 'til night. She
+dodged. Good thing too. She'd a knocked hells pete out o' us. She was close to
+the water and could have fought us so much better than we could her. We didn't
+want to fight 'cause we knowed enough to jest natu'ally be skeered. She was a one
+decker man o' war. We was a two decker with six guns on berth deck, an' five guns
+on spar deck. I never saw her after that, but I heard she was contacted by the
+Kearsage which sunk her off some island.</p>
+
+<p>I stayed in the navy eighteen months. Was discharged at the Brooklyn Navy
+Yard. Admiral Porter was Admiral of the U. S. Navy at that time.</p>
+
+<p>I stayed in New York five or six years, then I cane home to my mother. I was
+in the crude drug business in Wilmington for twenty years.</p>
+
+<p>Yes'm I went to church and Sunday school when I was a child, when they could
+ketch me. Whilst I was in New York I went to church regular.</p>
+
+<p>I married after awhile. My wife died about ten years ago. We had one son. I
+b'lieve he's in Baltimore, but I ain't heard from him in a long time. He don't
+keer nothin' about me. Of co'se I'm comfortable. I gits my pension, $75 a month.
+I give $10 of it to my nephew who's a cripple.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_453" id="Page_453">[Pg 453]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320124]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Charlie H. Hunter">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>T. Pat Matthews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>645</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>CHARLIE H. HUNTER</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Person Interviewed:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Charlie H. Hunter</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Geo. L. Andrews</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"AUG 4 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_454" id="Page_454">[Pg 454]</a></span>
+
+<h4>CHARLIE H. HUNTER, 80 years old,</h4>
+
+<h5>2213 Barker Street<br />
+West Raleigh</h5>
+
+<p>My full name is Charlie H. Hunter. I wus borned an' reared in Wake County,
+N.C., born May, 1857. My mother wus Rosa Hunter an' my father wus named Jones. I
+never saw my father. We belonged to a family named Jones first, an' then we wus
+sold to a slave owner seven miles Northwest by the name Joe Hayes an' a terrible
+man he wus. He would get mad 'bout most anything, take my mother, chain her down
+to a log and whup her unmercifully while I, a little boy, could do nothing but
+stan' there an' cry, an' see her whupped. We had fairly good food an' common
+clothing. We had good sleeping places. My mother wus sold to a man named Smith. I
+married first Annie Hayes who lived sixteen months.</p>
+
+<p>No prayer meetings wus allowed on de plantations an' no books of any kind. I
+can read an' write, learned in a school taught by Northern folks after the
+surrender, Mr. an' Mrs. Graves who taught in Raleigh in the rear of the African
+Methodist Episcopal church. The school house wus owned by the church. We played
+no games in slavery times. I saw slaves sold on the block once in Raleigh.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_455" id="Page_455">[Pg 455]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I wus to be sold but the surrender stopped it. When the Yankees come they
+asked me where wus my marster. I told them I didn't know. Marster told me not to
+tell where he wus. He had gone off into the woods to hide his silver. In a few
+minutes the ground wus covered with Yankees. The Yankees stole my pen knife. I
+thought a lot of it. Knives wus scarce and hard to get. I cried about they taking
+it. They got my marster's carriage horses, two fine gray horses. His wife had
+lost a brother, who had been in the army but died at home. He wus buried in the
+yard. The Yankees thought the grave wus a place where valuables wus buried and
+they had to get a guard to keep them from diggin' him up. They would shoot hogs,
+cut the hams and shoulders off, stick them on their bayonetts, throw them over
+the'r shoulders an' go on.</p>
+
+<p>We called our houses shanties in slavery time. I never saw any patterollers. I
+don't remember how many slaves on the plantation wus taken to Richmond an' sold.
+My mother looked after us when we wus sick. I had four brothers an' no sisters.
+They are all dead. I did house work an' errands in slavery time. I have seen one
+gang of Ku Klux. They wus under arrest at Raleigh in Governor Holden's time. I
+don't remember the overseer.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_456" id="Page_456">[Pg 456]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We moved to Raleigh at the surrender. Marster give us a old mule when we left
+him, an' I rode him into Raleigh. We rented a house on Wilmington Street, an'
+lived on hard tack the Yankees give us 'til we could git work.</p>
+
+<p>Mother went to cooking for the white folks, but I worked for Mr. Jeff Fisher.
+I held a job thirty-five years driving a laundry truck for L. R. Wyatt. The
+laundry wus on the corner of Jones an' Salisbury Street.</p>
+
+<p>I married Cenoro Freeman. We lived together fifty-six years. She wus a good
+devoted wife. We wus married Dec. 9, 1878. She died in May 1934. Booker T. Washington wus a good man. I have seen
+him. Abraham Lincoln wus one of my best friends. He set me free. The Lawd is my
+best friend. I don't know much 'bout Jefferson Davis. Jim Young an' myself wus
+pals.</p>
+
+<p>My object in joining the church wus to help myself an' others to live a decent
+life, a life for good to humanity an' for God.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_457" id="Page_457">[Pg 457]</a></span>
+<div class="sidenote"> [320154]</div>
+<div class="left">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Elbert Hunter">
+<tr><td align='left'><b>N.C. District:</b></td><td align='left'><b>No. 2</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Worker:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Mary A. Hicks</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>No. Words:</b></td><td align='left'><b>670</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Subject:</b></td><td align='left'><b>EX-SLAVE STORY</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Story Teller:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Elbert Hunter</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Editor:</b></td><td align='left'><b>Daisy Bailey Waitt</b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><b>Date Stamp:</b></td><td align='left'><b>"JUN 1 1937"</b></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 226px;">
+<img src="images/e_hunter.jpg" width="226" height="300" alt="e_hunter" title="Elbert Hunter" />
+<span class="totoi"><a href="#toi">[To List]</a></span></div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_458" id="Page_458">[Pg 458]</a></span>
+
+<h4>EX-SLAVE STORY</h4>
+
+<h5>An interview on May 19, 1937 with Elbert Hunter of Method, N.C., 93 years
+old.</h5>
+
+<p>I wuz borned eight miles from Raleigh on de plantation of Mr. Jacob Hunter in
+1844. My parents were Stroud and Lucy an' my brothers wuz Tom, Jeems an'
+Henderson. I had three sisters who wuz named Caroline, Emiline an' Ann.</p>
+
+<p>Massa Hunter wuz good to us, an' young Massa Knox wuz good too. My mammy wuz
+de cook an' my pappy wuz a field hand. Massa ain't 'lowed no patterollers on his
+place, but one time when he wuzn't ter home my mammy sent me an' Caroline ter de
+nex' door house fer something an' de patterollers got us. Dey carried us home an'
+'bout de time dat dey wuz axin' questions young Massa Knox rid up.</p>
+
+<p>He look dem over an' he sez, 'Git off dese premises dis minute, yo' dad-limb
+sorry rascals, if us needs yo' we'll call yo'. 'My pappy patterolls dis place
+hisself.'</p>
+
+<p>Dey left den, an' we ain't been bothered wid 'em no more.</p>
+
+<p>I toted water 'fore de war, minded de sheeps, cows and de geese; an' I ain't
+had many whuppin's neither.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_459" id="Page_459">[Pg 459]</a></span> Dar wuz one thing dat massa ain't 'low an' dat
+wuz drinkin' 'mong his niggers.</p>
+
+<p>Dar wuz a ole free issue named Denson who digged ditches fer massa an' he
+always brung long his demijohn wid his whiskey. One ebenin' Missus tells me an'
+Caroline ter go ter de low groun's an' git up de cows an' on de way we fin' ole
+man Denson's demijohn half full of whiskey. Caroline sez ter lets take er drink
+an' so we does, an' terreckly I gits wobbly in de knees.</p>
+
+<p>Dis keeps on till I has ter lay down an' when I wakes up I am at home. Dey
+says dat Massa Jacob totes me, an' dat he fusses wid Denson fer leavin' de
+whiskey whar I can fin' it. He give me a talkin' to, an' I ain't neber drunk no
+more.</p>
+
+<p>When we hyard dat de Yankees wuz comin' ole massa an' me takes de cattle an'
+hosses way down in de swamp an' we stays dar wid dem fer seberal days. One day I
+comes ter de house an' dar dey am, shootin' chickens an' pigs an' everthing. I'se
+seed dem cut de hams off'n a live pig or ox an' go off leavin' de animal
+groanin'. De massa had 'em kilt den, but it wuz awful.</p>
+
+<p>Dat night dey went away but de nex' day a bigger drove come an' my mammy
+cooked fer 'em all day long. Dey killed an' stold ever'thing, an' at last ole
+massa went to Raleigh an' axed fer a gyard. Atter we got de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_460" id="Page_460">[Pg 460]</a></span> gyard de
+fuss ceased. One of de officers what spent de night dar lost his pocket book an'
+in it wuz seven greenback dollars, de fust I eber seed.</p>
+
+<p>We wuz glad ter be free even do' we had good white folks. De wuck hours wuz
+frum daybreak till dark, an' de wimmens had ter card an' spin so much eber night.
+We had our own chickens an' gyarden an' little ways of makin' money, but not so
+much fun.</p>
+
+<p>We played cat, which wuz like base ball now, only different. De children
+played a heap but de grown folks wucked hard. De cruelest thing I eber seed wuz
+in Raleigh atter slavery time, an' dat wuz a nigger whuppin'.</p>
+
+<p>De pillory wuz whar de co'rthouse am now an' de sheriff, Mr. Ray whupped dat
+nigger till he bled.</p>
+
+<p>I neber seed a slave sale, an' I neber seed much whuppin's. I larned some long
+wid de white chilluns, 'specially how ter spell.</p>
+
+<p>No mam, I doan know nothin' 'bout witches, but I seed a ghos'. Hit wuz near
+hyar, an' hit wuz a animal as big as a yearlin' wid de look of a dog. I can't
+tell you de color of it case I done left frum dar.</p>
+
+<p><small>B. N.</small></p>
+<span class="totoc"><a href="#toc">Top</a></span>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery
+in the United States, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery in the United States
+       From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, Part 1
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 12, 2007 [EBook #22976]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SLAVE NARRATIVES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Marcia Brooks, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by the
+Library of Congress, Manuscript Division)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+SLAVE NARRATIVES
+
+
+_A Folk History of Slavery in the United States
+From Interviews with Former Slaves_
+
+
+TYPEWRITTEN RECORDS PREPARED BY
+THE FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT
+1936-1938
+ASSEMBLED BY
+THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROJECT
+WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
+FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
+SPONSORED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
+
+
+_Illustrated with Photographs_
+
+WASHINGTON 1941
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: Obvious printer errors have been corrected. In some
+instances Transcriber's notes (TR) are included with each individual
+interview, as well as some Handwritten Notes (HW) from the original were
+maintained but as notation only. In addition, punctuation and formatting
+have been made consistent, particularly the use of quotation marks.
+Added two lines to list of illustrations missing from original.]
+
+
+
+
+VOLUME XI
+
+NORTH CAROLINA NARRATIVES
+
+PART I
+
+
+Prepared by
+the Federal Writers' Project of
+the Works Progress Administration
+for the State of North Carolina
+
+
+
+
+INFORMANTS
+
+Adams, Louisa              1
+Adkins, Ida                8
+Allen, Martha             13
+Anderson, Joseph          16
+Anderson, Mary            19
+Andrews, Cornelia         27
+Anngady, Mary             32
+Arrington, Jane           44
+Augustus, Sarah Louis     50
+Austin, Charity           58
+
+Baker, Blount             63
+Baker, Lizzie             66
+Baker, Viney              70
+Barbour, Charlie          73
+Barbour, Mary             78
+Baugh, Alice              82
+Beckwith, John            87
+Bectom, John C.           91
+Bell, Laura               99
+Blalock, Emma            103
+Blount, David            110
+Bobbit, Clay             117
+Bobbitt, Henry           120
+Bogan, Herndon           125
+Boone, Andrew            130
+Bost, W. L.              138
+Bowe, Mary Wallace       147
+Brown, Lucy              152
+Burnett, Midge           155
+
+Cannady, Fanny           159
+Cofer, Betty             165
+Coggin, John             176
+Coverson, Mandy          179
+Cozart, Willie           182
+Crasson, Hannah          187
+Crenshaw, Julia          194
+Crowder, Zeb             196
+Crump, Adeline           203
+Crump, Bill              207
+Crump, Charlie           212
+Curtis, Mattie           216
+
+Dalton, Charles Lee      223
+Daniels, John            229
+Daves, Harriet Ann       232
+Davis, Jerry             237
+Debnam, W. S.            241
+Debro, Sarah             247
+Dickens, Charles W.      254
+Dickens, Margaret E.     259
+Dowd, Rev. Squire        263
+Dunn, Fannie             270
+Dunn, Jennylin           275
+Dunn, Lucy Ann           278
+Durham, Tempie Herndon   284
+
+Eatman, George           291
+Edwards, Doc             295
+Evans, John              298
+
+Faucette, Lindsey        302
+Flagg, Ora M.            307
+Foster, Analiza          311
+Foster, Georgianna       314
+Freeman, Frank           318
+
+Gill, Addy               323
+Glenn, Robert            328
+Green, Sarah Anne        340
+Griffeth, Dorcas         346
+Gudger, Sarah            350
+
+Hall, Thomas             359
+Hamilton, Hecter         363
+Harris, George W.        370
+Harris, Sarah            375
+Hart, Cy                 379
+Haywood, Alonzo          382
+Haywood, Barbara         385
+Henderson, Isabell       389
+Henry, Essex             393
+Henry, Milly             399
+Hews, Chaney             405
+High, Joe                409
+High, Susan              417
+Hill, Kitty              422
+Hinton, Jerry            427
+Hinton, Martha Adeline   433
+Hinton, Robert           436
+Hinton, William George   441
+Hodges, Eustace          446
+Huggins, Alex            449
+Hunter, Charlie H.       453
+Hunter, Elbert           457
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+                        _Facing page_
+Louisa Adams                        1
+
+Viney Baker                        70
+
+John Beckwith                      87
+
+Clay Bobbit                       117
+
+Henry Bobbitt                     120
+
+Herndon Bogan                     125
+
+W. L. Bost                        138
+
+John Coggin                       176
+
+Hannah Crasson                    187
+
+Bill Crump                        207
+
+Charlie Crump and Granddaughter   212
+
+Harriet Ann Daves                 232
+
+Charles W. Dickens                254
+
+Margaret E. Dickens               259
+
+Rev. Squire Dowd                  263
+
+Jennylin Dunn                     275
+
+Tempie Herndon Durham             284
+
+George Eatman                     291
+
+John Evans                        298
+
+Sarah Gudger                      350
+
+Sarah Harris                      375
+
+Essex Henry                       393
+
+Milly Henry                       399
+
+Joe High                          409
+
+Elbert Hunter                     457
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320152]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          1384
+Subject:            Louisa Adams
+Person Interviewed: Louisa Adams
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUL 7 1937"]
+
+LOUISA ADAMS
+
+
+My name is Louisa Adams. I wuz bawned in Rockingham, Richmond County,
+North Carolina. I wuz eight years old when the Yankees come through. I
+belonged to Marster Tom A. Covington, Sir. My mother wuz named Easter,
+and my father wuz named Jacob. We were all Covingtons. No Sir, I don't
+know whur my mother and father come from. Soloman wuz brother number
+one, then Luke, Josh, Stephen, Asbury. My sisters were Jane, Frances,
+Wincy, and I wuz nex'. I 'members grandmother. She wuz named Lovie Wall.
+They brought her here from same place. My aunts were named, one wuz
+named Nicey, and one wuz named Jane. I picked feed for the white folks.
+They sent many of the chillun to work at the salt mines, where we went
+to git salt. My brother Soloman wuz sent to the salt mines. Luke looked
+atter the sheep. He knocked down china berries for 'em. Dad and mammie
+had their own gardens and hogs. We were compelled to walk about at night
+to live. We were so hongry we were bound to steal or parish. This trait
+seems to be handed down from slavery days. Sometimes I thinks dis might
+be so. Our food wuz bad. Marster worked us hard and gave us nuthin. We
+had to use what we made in the garden to eat. We also et our hogs. Our
+clothes were bad, and beds were sorry. We went barefooted in a way.
+What I mean by that is, that we had shoes part of the time. We got one
+pair o' shoes a year. When dey wored out we went barefooted. Sometimes
+we tied them up with strings, and they were so ragged de tracks looked
+like bird tracks, where we walked in the road. We lived in log houses
+daubed with mud. They called 'em the slaves houses. My old daddy partly
+raised his chilluns on game. He caught rabbits, coons, an' possums. We
+would work all day and hunt at night. We had no holidays. They did not
+give us any fun as I know. I could eat anything I could git. I tell you
+de truth, slave time wuz slave time wid us. My brother wore his shoes
+out, and had none all thu winter. His feet cracked open and bled so bad
+you could track him by the blood. When the Yankees come through, he got
+shoes.
+
+I wuz married in Rockingham. I don't 'member when Mr. Jimmie
+Covington, a preacher, a white man, married us. I married James Adams
+who lived on a plantation near Rockingham. I had a nice blue wedding
+dress. My husband wuz dressed in kinder light clothes, best I
+rickerlect. It's been a good long time, since deen [HW: den] tho'.
+
+I sho do 'member my Marster Tom Covington and his wife too, Emma. Da
+old man wuz the very nick.[HW correction: Nick] He would take what we
+made and lowance us, dat is lowance it out to my daddy after he had
+made it. My father went to Steven Covington, Marster Tom's brother, and
+told him about it, and his brother Stephen made him gib father his meat
+back to us.
+
+My missus wuz kind to me, but Mars. Tom wuz the buger. It wuz a mighty
+bit plantation. I don't know how many slaves wuz on it, there were a lot
+of dem do'. Dere were overseers two of 'em. One wuz named Bob Covington
+and the other Charles Covington. They were colored men. I rode with
+them. I rode wid 'em in the carriage sometimes. De carriage had seats
+dat folded up. Bob wuz overseer in de field, and Charles wuz carriage
+driver. All de plantation wuz fenced in, dat is all de fields, wid
+rails; de rails wuz ten feet long. We drawed water wid a sweep and pail.
+De well wuz in the yard. De mules for the slaves wuz in town, dere were
+none on the plantation. Dey had 'em in town; dey waked us time de
+chicken crowed, and we went to work just as soon as we could see how to
+make a lick wid a hoe.
+
+Lawd, you better not be caught wid a book in yor han'. If you did, you
+were sold. Dey didn't 'low dat. I kin read a little, but I can't write.
+I went to school after slavery and learned to read. We didn't go to
+school but three or four week a year, and learned to read.
+
+Dere wuz no church on the plantation, and we were not lowed to have
+prayer meetings. No parties, no candy pullings, nor dances, no sir, not
+a bit. I 'member goin' one time to the white folkses church, no
+baptizing dat I 'member. Lawd have mercy, ha! ha! No. De pateroller were
+on de place at night. You couldn't travel without a pas.
+
+We got few possums. I have greased my daddy's back after he had been
+whupped until his back wuz cut to pieces. He had to work jis the same.
+When we went to our houses at night, we cooked our suppers at night, et
+and then went to bed. If fire wuz out or any work needed doin' around de
+house we had to work on Sundays. They did not gib us Christmas or any
+other holidays. We had corn shuckings. I herd 'em talkin' of cuttin de
+corn pile right square in two. One wud git on one side, another on the
+other side and see which out beat. They had brandy at the corn shuckin'
+and I herd Sam talkin' about gittin' drunk.
+
+I 'member one 'oman dying. Her name wuz Caroline Covington. I didn't go
+to the grave. But you know they had a little cart used with hosses to
+carry her to the grave, jist a one horse wagon, jist slipped her in
+there.
+
+Yes, I 'member a field song. It wuz 'Oh! come let us go where pleasure
+never dies. Great fountain gone over'. Dat's one uv 'em. We had a good
+doctor when we got sick. He come to see us. The slaves took herbs dey
+found in de woods. Dat's what I do now, Sir. I got some 'erbs right in
+my kitchen now.
+
+When the Yankees come through I did not know anything about 'em till
+they got there. Jist like they were poppin up out of de ground. One of
+the slaves wuz at his master's house you know, and he said, 'The Yankees
+are in Cheraw, S. C. [HW correction: South Carolina] and the Yankees are
+in town'. It didn't sturb me at tall. I wuz not afraid of de Yankees. I
+'member dey went to Miss Emma's house, and went in de smoke house and
+emptied every barrel of 'lasses right in de floor and scattered de
+cracklings on de floor. I went dere and got some of 'em. Miss Emma wuz
+my missus. Dey just killed de chickens, hogs too, and old Jeff the dog;
+they shot him through the thoat. I 'member how his mouth flew open when
+dey shot him. One uv 'em went into de tater bank, and we chillun wanted
+to go out dere. Mother wouldn't let us. She wuz fraid uv 'em.
+
+Abraham Lincoln freed us by the help of the Lawd, by his help. Slavery
+wuz owin to who you were with. If you were with some one who wuz good
+and had some feelin's for you it did tolerable well; yea, tolerable
+well.
+
+We left the plantation soon as de surrender. We lef' right off. We went
+to goin' towards Fayetteville, North Carolina. We climbed over fences
+and were just broke down chillun, feet sore. We had a little meat, corn
+meal, a tray, and mammy had a tin pan. One night we came to a old house;
+some one had put wheat straw in it. We staid there, next mornin', we
+come back home. Not to Marster's, but to a white 'oman named Peggy
+McClinton, on her plantation. We stayed there a long time. De Yankees
+took everything dey could, but dey didn't give us anything to eat. Dey
+give some of de 'omen shoes.
+
+I thinks Mr. Roosevelt is a fine man and he do all he can for us.
+
+
+
+
+District     No: 3                      [320278]
+Worker:      Travis Jordan
+No. Words:   1500
+Title:       Ida Adkins Ex-slave
+Interviewed: Ida Adkins
+             County Home, Durham, N. C.
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 1 1937"]
+
+IDA ADKINS
+
+Ex-slave 79 years.
+
+[TR note: Numerous hand written notations and additions in the following
+interview (i.e. wuz to was; er to a; adding t to the contractions.)
+Made changes where obvious without comment. Additions and comments were
+left as notation, in order to preserve the flow of the dialect.]
+
+
+I wuz bawn befo' de war. I wuz about eight years ole when de Yankee mens
+come through.
+
+My mammy an' pappy, Hattie an' Jim Jeffries belonged to Marse Frank
+Jeffries. Marse Frank come from Mississippi, but when I wuz bawn he an'
+Mis' Mary Jane wuz livin' down herr near Louisburg in North Carolina
+whare dey had er big plantation an' [HW addition: I] don' know how many
+niggers. Marse Frank wuz good to his niggers, 'cept [HW addition: that]
+he never give dem ernough to eat. He worked dem hard on half rations,
+but he didn' believe in all de time beatin' an' sellin' dem.
+
+My pappy worked at de stables, he wuz er good horseman, but my mammy
+worked at de big house helpin' Mis' Mary Jane. Mammy worked in de
+weavin' room. I can see her now settin' at de weavin' machine an' hear
+de pedals goin' plop, plop, as she treaded dem wid her feets. She wuz a
+good weaver. I stayed 'roun' de big house too, pickin' up chips,
+sweepin' de yard an' such as dat. Mis' Mary Jane wuz quick as er
+whippo'-will. She had black eyes dat snapped, an' dey seed everythin'.
+She could turn her head so quick dat she'd ketch you every time you
+tried to steal a lump of sugar. I liked Marse Frank better den I did
+Mis' Mary Jane. All us little chillun called him Big Pappy. Every time
+he went [HW correction: come back] to Raleigh he brung us niggers back
+some candy. He went to Raleigh erbout twice er year. Raleigh wuz er far
+ways from de plantations--near 'bout sixty miles. [HW notation:
+check--appears to be about 40 miles only.] It always took Marse Frank
+three days to make de trip. A day to go, er' day to stay in town, an' a
+day to come back. Den he always got home in de night. Ceptn' [HW
+addition: when] he rode ho'se back 'stead of de carriage, [HW addition:
+an'] den sometimes he got home by sun down.
+
+Marse Frank didn' go to de war. He wuz too ole. So when de Yankees come
+through dey foun' him at home. When Marse Frank seed de blue coats
+comin' down de road he run an' got his gun. De Yankees was on horses. I
+ain't never seed so many men. Dey was thick as hornets comin' down de
+road in a cloud of dus' [HW: correction "dust"]. Dey come up to de house
+an' tied de horses to de palin's; [HW correction: dey was so many dey
+was stan] 'roun' de yard [HW addition: fence]. When dey seed Marse Frank
+standin' on de po'ch [HW correction: porch] wid de gun leveled on dem,
+dey got mad. Time Marse Frank done shot one time [HW correction: "once
+a"] a bully Yankee snatched de gun away an' tole Marse Frank to hold up
+his hand. Den dey tied his hands an' pushed him down on de floor 'side
+de house an' tole him dat if he moved [HW addition: a inch] dey would
+shoot him. Den dey went in de house.
+
+I wuz skeered near 'bout to death, but I run in de kitchen an' got a
+butcher knife, an' when de Yankees wasn' lookin', I tried to cut de rope
+an' set Marse Frank free. But one of dem blue debils seed me an' come
+runnin'. He say:
+
+'Whut you doin', you black brat! you stinkin' little alligator bait!' He
+snatched de knife from my hand an' told me to stick out my tongue, dat
+he wuz gwine to cut it off. I let out a yell an' run behin' de house.
+
+Some of de Yankees was in de smoke house gettin' de meat, some of dem
+wuz at de stables gettin' de ho'ses, an' some of dem wuz in de house
+gettin' de silver an' things. I seed dem put de big silver pitcher an'
+tea pot in a bag. Den dey took de knives an' fo'ks an' all de candle
+sticks an' platters off de side board. Dey went in de parlor an' got de
+gol' clock dat wuz Mis' Mary Jane's gran'mammy's. Den dey got all de
+jewelry out of Mis' Mary Jane's box.
+
+Dey went up to Mis' Mary Jane, an' while she looked at dem wid her black
+eyes snappin', dey took de rings off her fingers; den dey took her gol'
+bracelet; dey even took de ruby ear rings out of her ears an' de gol'
+comb out of her hair.
+
+I done quit peepin' in de window an' wuz standin' 'side de house when de
+Yankees come out in de yard wid all de stuff dey wuz totin' off. Marse
+Frank wuz still settin' on de po'ch [HW correction: porch] floor wid his
+han's tied an' couldn' do nothin'. 'Bout dat time I seed de bee gums in
+de side yard. Dey wuz a whole line of gums. Little as I wuz I had a
+notion. I run an' got me a long stick an' tu'ned over every one of dem
+gums. Den I stirred dem bees up wid dat stick 'twell [HW correction:
+'till] dey wuz so mad I could smell de pizen. An' bees! you ain't never
+seed de like of bees. Dey wuz swarmin' all over de place. Dey sailed
+into dem Yankees like bullets, each one madder den de other. Dey lit on
+dem ho'ses 'twell [HW correction: till] dey looked like dey wuz live [HW
+correction: alive] wid varmints. De ho'ses broke dey bridles an' tore
+down de palin's an' lit out down de road. But dey [HW correction: dar]
+runnin' wuzn' nothin' to what dem Yankees done. Dey bust out cussin',
+but what did a bee keer about cuss words! Dey lit on dem blue coats an'
+every time dey lit dey stuck in a pizen sting. De Yankee's forgot all
+about de meat an' things dey done stole; dey took off down de road on er
+[HW correction: a] run, passin' de horses. De bees was right after dem
+in a long line. Dey'd zoom an' zip, an' zoom an' zip, an' every time
+dey'd zip a Yankee would yell.
+
+When dey'd gone Mis' Mary Jane untied Marse Frank. Den dey took all de
+silver, meat an' things de Yankees lef' behin' an' buried it so if dey
+come back dey couldn' fin' it.
+
+Den day called ma an' said:
+
+'Ida Lee, if you hadn't tu'ned [HW correction: turned] over dem bee gums
+dem Yankees would have toted off near 'bout everythin' fine we got. We
+want to give you somethin' you can keep so' you'll always remember dis
+day, an' how you run de Yankees away.'
+
+Den Mis' Mary Jane took a plain gold ring off her finger an' put it on
+mine. An' I been wearin' it ever since.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320276]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          402
+Subject:            Ex-Slave Story
+Person Interviewed: Martha Allen
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 7 1937"]
+
+[HW: good short sketch]
+
+EX-SLAVE STORY
+
+An interview with Martha Allen, 78, of 1318 South Person Street,
+Raleigh.
+
+
+I wuz borned in Craven County seventy eight years ago. My pappa wuz
+named Andrew Bryant an' my mammy wuz named Harriet. My brothers wuz John
+Franklin, Alfred, an' Andrew. I ain't had no sisters. I reckon dat we is
+what yo' call a general mixture case I am part Injun, part white, an'
+part nigger.
+
+My mammy belonged ter Tom Edward Gaskin an' she wuzn't half fed. De
+cook nussed de babies while she cooked, so dat de mammies could wuck in
+de fiel's, an' all de mammies done wuz stick de babies in at de kitchen
+do' on dere way ter de fiel's. I'se hyard mammy say dat dey went ter
+wuck widout breakfast, an' dat when she put her baby in de kitchen she'd
+go by de slop bucket an' drink de slops from a long handled gourd.
+
+De slave driver wuz bad as he could be, an' de slaves got awful
+beatin's.
+
+De young marster sorta wanted my mammy, but she tells him no, so he
+chunks a lightwood knot an' hits her on de haid wid it. Dese white mens
+what had babies by nigger wimmens wuz called 'Carpet Gitters'. My
+father's father wuz one o' dem.
+
+Yes mam, I'se mixed plenty case my mammy's grandmaw wuz Cherokee
+Injun.
+
+I doan know nothin' 'bout no war, case marster carried us ter Cedar
+Falls, near Durham an' dar's whar we come free.
+
+I 'members dat de Ku Klux uster go ter de Free Issues houses, strip all
+de family an' whup de ole folkses. Den dey dances wid de pretty yaller
+gals an' goes ter bed wid dem. Dat's what de Ku Klux wuz, a bunch of
+mean mens tryin' ter hab a good time.
+
+I'se wucked purty hard durin' my life an' I done my courtin' on a steer
+an' cart haulin' wood ter town ter sell. He wuz haulin' wood too on his
+wagin, an' he'd beat me ter town so's dat he could help me off'n de
+wagin. I reckon dat dat wuz as good a way as any.
+
+I tries ter be a good christian but I'se got disgusted wid dese young
+upstart niggers what dances in de chu'ch. Dey says dat dey am truckin'
+an' dat de Bible ain't forbid hit, but I reckin dat I knows dancin' whar
+I sees hit.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [ ]
+Worker:         Mrs. Edith S. Hibbs
+No. Words:      275
+Subject:        Story of Joseph Anderson
+Interviewed:    Joseph Anderson
+                113 Rankin St., Wilmington, N. C.
+Edited:         Mrs. W. N. Harriss
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+[HW: Unnumbered]
+
+STORY OF JOSEPH ANDERSON
+
+1113 Rankin Street
+Wilmington, N. C.
+
+
+Yes'm I was born a slave. I belong to Mr. T. C. McIlhenny who had a big
+rice plantation "Eagles Nest" in Brunswick County. It was a big place.
+He had lots of slaves, an' he was a good man. My mother and father died
+when I was fourteen. Father died in February 1865 and my mother died of
+pneumonia in November 1865. My older sister took charge of me.
+
+Interviewer: "Can you read and write?"
+
+Joseph: "Oh yes, I can write a little. I can make my marks. I can write
+my name. No'm I can't read. I never went to school a day in my life. I
+just "picked up" what I know."
+
+I don't remember much about slave times. I was fourteen when I was
+freed. After I was freed we lived between 8th and 9th on Chestnut. We
+rented a place from Dan O'Connor a real estate man and paid him $5 a
+month rent. I've been married twice. First time was married by Mr. Ed
+Taylor, magistrate in Southport, Brunswick County. I was married to my
+first wife twenty years and eight months. Then she died. I was married
+again when I was seventy-five years old. I was married to my second wife
+just a few years when she died.
+
+I was on the police force for a year and a half. I was elected April 6,
+1895. Mr. McIlhenny was an ole man then an' I used to go to see him.
+
+I was a stevedore for Mr. Alexander Sprunt for sixty years.
+
+Joseph is now buying his house at 1113 Rankin Street. Rents part of it
+for $8.50 a month to pay for it. He stays in one room.
+
+NOTE: Joseph's health is none too good, making information sketchy and
+incoherent.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320086]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          1905
+Subject:            MARY ANDERSON
+Person Interviewed: Mary Anderson
+Editor:             G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 23 1937"]
+
+MARY ANDERSON
+
+86 years of age. 17 Poole Road, R. F. D. #2. Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+My name is Mary Anderson. I was born on a plantation near Franklinton,
+Wake County, N. C. May 10, 1851. I was a slave belonging to Sam Brodie,
+who owned the plantation at this place. My missus' name was Evaline. My
+father was Alfred Brodie and my mother was Bertha Brodie.
+
+We had good food, plenty of warm homemade clothes and comfortable
+houses. The slave houses were called the quarters and the house where
+marster lived was called the great house. Our houses had two rooms each
+and marster's house had twelve rooms. Both the slave and white folks
+buildings were located in a large grove one mile square covered with oak
+and hickory nut trees. Marster's house was exactly one mile from the
+main Louisburg Road and there was a wide avenue leading through the
+plantation and grove to marster's house. The house fronted the avenue
+east and in going down the avenue from the main road you traveled
+directly west.
+
+The plantation was very large and there were about two hundred acres of
+cleared land that was farmed each year. A pond was located on the place
+and in winter ice was gathered there for summer use and stored in an ice
+house which was built in the grove where the other buildings were. A
+large hole about ten feet deep was dug in the ground; the ice was put in
+that hole and covered. [TR: HW note in left margin is illegible.]
+
+A large frame building was built over it. At the top of the earth there
+was an entrance door and steps leading down to the bottom of the hole.
+Other things besides ice were stored there. There was a still on the
+plantation and barrels of brandy were stored in the ice house, also
+pickles, preserves and cider.
+
+Many of the things we used were made on the place. There was a grist
+mill, tannery, shoe shop, blacksmith shop, and looms for weaving cloth.
+
+There were about one hundred, and sixty-two slaves on the plantation
+and every Sunday morning all the children had to be bathed, dressed, and
+their hair combed and carried down to marster's for breakfast. It was a
+rule that all the little colored children eat at the great house every
+Sunday morning in order that marster and missus could watch them eat so
+they could know which ones were sickly and have them doctored.
+
+The slave children all carried a mussel shell in their hands to eat
+with. The food was put on large trays and the children all gathered
+around and ate, dipping up their food with their mussel shells which
+they used for spoons. Those who refused to eat or those who were ailing
+in any way had to come back to the great house for their meals and
+medicine until they were well.
+
+Marster had a large apple orchard in the Tar River low grounds and up
+on higher ground and nearer the plantation house there was on one side
+of the road a large plum orchard and on the other side was an orchard of
+peaches, cherries, quinces and grapes. We picked the quinces in August
+and used them for preserving. Marster and missus believed in giving the
+slaves plenty of fruit, especially the children.
+
+Marster had three children, one boy named Dallas, and two girls, Bettie
+and Carrie. He would not allow slave children to call his children
+marster and missus unless the slave said little marster or little
+missus. He had four white overseers but they were not allowed to whip a
+slave. If there was any whipping to be done he always said he would do
+it. He didn't believe in whipping so when a slave got so bad he could
+not manage him he sold him.
+
+Marster didn't quarrel with anybody, missus would not speak short to a
+slave, but both missus and marster taught slaves to be obedient in a
+nice quiet way. The slaves were taught to take their hats and bonnets
+off before going into the house, and to bow and say, 'Good morning
+Marster Sam and Missus Evaline'. Some of the little negroes would go
+down to the great house and ask them when it wus going to rain, and when
+marster or missus walked in the grove the little Negroes would follow
+along after them like a gang of kiddies. Some of the slave children
+wanted to stay with them at the great house all the time. They knew no
+better of course and seemed to love marster and missus as much as they
+did their own mother and father. Marster and missus always used gentle
+means to get the children out of their way when they bothered them and
+the way the children loved and trusted them wus a beautiful sight to
+see.
+
+Patterollers were not allowed on the place unless they came peacefully
+and I never knew of them whipping any slaves on marster's place. Slaves
+were carried off on two horse wagons to be sold. I have seen several
+loads leave. They were the unruly ones. Sometimes he would bring back
+slaves, once he brought back two boys and three girls from the slave
+market.
+
+Sunday wus a great day on the plantation. Everybody got biscuits
+Sundays. The slave women went down to marsters for their Sunday
+allowance of flour. All the children ate breakfast at the great house
+and marster and missus gave out fruit to all. The slaves looked forward
+to Sunday as they labored through the week. It was a great day. Slaves
+received good treatment from marster and all his family.
+
+We were allowed to have prayer meetings in our homes and we also went
+to the white folks church.
+
+They would not teach any of us to read and write. Books and papers were
+forbidden. Marster's children and the slave children played together. I
+went around with the baby girl Carrie to other plantations visiting. She
+taught me how to talk low and how to act in company. My association with
+white folks and my training while I was a slave is why I talk like white
+folks.
+
+Bettie Brodie married a Dr. Webb from Boylan, Virginia. Carrie married
+a Mr. Joe Green of Franklin County. He was a big southern planter.
+
+The war was begun and there were stories of fights and freedom. The
+news went from plantation to plantation and while the slaves acted
+natural and some even more polite than usual, they prayed for freedom.
+Then one day I heard something that sounded like thunder and missus and
+marster began to walk around and act queer. The grown slaves were
+whispering to each other. Sometimes they gathered in little gangs in the
+grove. Next day I heard it again, boom, boom, boom. I went and asked
+missus 'is it going to rain?' She said, 'Mary go to the ice house and
+bring me some pickles and preserves.' I went and got them. She ate a
+little and gave me some. Then she said, 'You run along and play.' In a
+day or two everybody on the plantation seemed to be disturbed and
+marster and missus were crying. Marster ordered all the slaves to come
+to the great house at nine o'clock. Nobody was working and slaves were
+walking over the grove in every direction. At nine o'clock all the
+slaves gathered at the great house and marster and missus came out on
+the porch and stood side by side. You could hear a pin drap everything
+was so quiet. Then marster said, 'Good morning,' and missus said, 'Good
+morning, children'. They were both crying. Then marster said, 'Men,
+women and children, you are free. You are no longer my slaves. The
+Yankees will soon be here.'
+
+Marster and missus then went into the house got two large arm chairs
+put them on the porch facing the avenue and sat down side by side and
+remained there watching.
+
+In about an hour there was one of the blackest clouds coming up the
+avenue from the main road. It was the Yankee soldiers, they finally
+filled the mile long avenue reaching from marster's house to the main
+Louisburg road and spread out over the mile square grove. The mounted
+men dismounted. The footmen stacked their shining guns and began to
+build fires and cook. They called the slaves, saying, 'Your are free.'
+Slaves were whooping and laughing and acting like they were crazy.
+Yankee soldiers were shaking hands with the Negroes and calling them
+Sam, Dinah, Sarah and asking them questions. They busted the door to the
+smoke house and got all the hams. They went to the ice-house and got
+several barrels of brandy, and such a time. The Negroes and Yankees were
+cooking and eating together. The Yankees told them to come on and join
+them, they were free. Marster and missus sat on the porch and they were
+so humble no Yankee bothered anything in the great house. The slaves
+were awfully excited. The Yankees stayed there, cooked, eat, drank and
+played music until about night, then a bugle began to blow and you never
+saw such getting on horses and lining up in your life. In a few minutes
+they began to march, leaving the grove which was soon as silent as a
+grave yard. They took marster's horses and cattle with them and joined
+the main army and camped just across Cypress Creek one and one half
+miles from my marster's place on the Louisburg Road.
+
+When they left the country, lot of the slaves went with them and soon
+there were none of marster's slaves left. They wandered around for a
+year from place to place, fed and working most of the time at some
+other slave owner's plantation and getting more homesick every day.
+
+The second year after the surrender our marster and missus got on their
+carriage and went and looked up all the Negroes they heard of who ever
+belonged to them. Some who went off with the Yankees were never heard of
+again. When marster and missus found any of theirs they would say,
+'Well, come on back home.' My father and mother, two uncles and their
+families moved back. Also Lorenza Brodie, and John Brodie and their
+families moved back. Several of the young men and women who once
+belonged to him came back. Some were so glad to get back they cried,
+'cause fare had been mighty bad part of the time they were rambling
+around and they were hungry. When they got back marster would say, 'Well
+you have come back home have you, and the Negroes would say, 'Yes
+marster.' Most all spoke of them as missus and marster as they did
+before the surrender, and getting back home was the greatest pleasure of
+all.
+
+We stayed with marster and missus and went to their church, the Maple
+Springs Baptist church, until they died.
+
+Since the surrender I married James Anderson. I had four children, one
+boy and three girls.
+
+I think slavery was a mighty good thing for mother, father, me and the
+other members of the family, and I cannot say anything but good for my
+old marster and missus, but I can only speak for those whose conditions
+I have known during slavery and since. For myself and them, I will say
+again, slavery was a mighty good thing.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320280]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      789
+Subject:        Cornelia Andrews
+Story Teller:   Cornelia Andrews
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 7 1937"]
+
+CORNELIA ANDREWS
+
+An interview on May 21, 1937 with Cornelia Andrews of
+Smithfield, Johnston County, who is 87 years old.
+
+
+De fust marster dat I 'members wuz Mr. Cute Williams an' he wuz a good
+marster, but me an' my mammy an' some of de rest of 'em wuz sold to
+Doctor McKay Vaden who wuz not good ter us.
+
+Doctor Vaden owned a good-sized plantation, but he had just eight
+slaves. We had plank houses, but we ain't had much food an' clothes. We
+wored shoes wid wooden bottom in de winter an' no shoes in de summer. We
+ain't had much fun, nothin' but candy pullin's 'bout onct a year. We
+ain't raised no cane but marster buyed one barrel of 'lasses fer candy
+eber year.
+
+Yo' know dat dar wuz a big slave market in Smithfield dem days, dar wuz
+also a jail, an' a whippin' post. I 'members a man named Rough somethin'
+or other, what bought forty er fifty slaves at de time an' carried 'em
+ter Richmond to re-sell. He had four big black horses hooked ter a cart,
+an' behind dis cart he chained de slaves, an' dey had ter walk, or trot
+all de way ter Richmond. De little ones Mr. Rough would throw up in de
+cart an' off dey'd go no'th. Dey said dat der wuz one day at Smithfield
+dat three hundret slaves wuz sold on de block. Dey said dat peoples came
+from fer an' near, eben from New Orleans ter dem slave sales. Dey said
+dat way 'fore I wuz borned dey uster strip dem niggers start naked an'
+gallop' em ober de square so dat de buyers could see dat dey warn't
+scarred nor deformed.
+
+While I could 'member dey'd sell de mammies 'way from de babies, an'
+dere wuzn't no cryin' 'bout it whar de marster would know 'bout it
+nother. Why? Well, dey'd git beat black an' blue, dat's why.
+
+Wuz I eber beat bad? No mam, I wuzn't.
+
+(Here the daughter, a graduate of Cornell University, who was in the
+room listening came forward. "Open your shirt, mammy, and let the lady
+judge for herself." The old ladies eyes flashed as she sat bolt upright.
+She seemed ashamed, but the daughter took the shirt off, exposing the
+back and shoulders which were marked as though branded with a plaited
+cowhide whip. There was no doubt of that at all.)
+
+"I wuz whupped public," she said tonelessly, "for breaking dishes an'
+'bein' slow. I wuz at Mis' Carrington's den, an' it wuz jist 'fore de
+close o' de war. I wuz in de kitchen washin' dishes an' I draps one. De
+missus calls Mr. Blount King, a patteroller, an' he puts de whuppin' yo'
+sees de marks of on me. My ole missus foun' it out an' she comed an' got
+me."
+
+A friend of the interviewer who was present remarked, "That must have
+been horrible to say the least."
+
+"Yo' 'doan know nothin," the old Negro blazed. "Alex Heath, a slave wuz
+beat ter death, hyar in Smithfield. He had stold something, dey tells
+me, anyhow he wuz sentenced ter be put ter death, an' de folkses dar in
+charge 'cided ter beat him ter death. Dey gib him a hundret lashes fer
+nine mornin's an' on de ninth mornin' he died."
+
+"My uncle Daniel Sanders, wuz beat till he wuz cut inter gashes an' he
+wuz tu be beat ter death lak Alex wuz, but one day atter dey had beat
+him an' throwed him back in jail wid out a shirt he broke out an' runned
+away. He went doun in de riber swamp an' de blow flies blowed de gashes
+an' he wuz unconscious when a white man found him an' tuk him home wid
+him. He died two or three months atter dat but he neber could git his
+body straight ner walk widout a stick; he jist could drag."
+
+"I 'specks dat I doan know who my pappy wuz, maybe de stock nigger on de
+plantation. My pappy an' mammy jist stepped ober de broom an' course I
+doan know when. Yo' knows dey ain't let no little runty nigger have no
+chilluns. Naw sir, dey ain't, dey operate on dem lak dey does de male
+hog so's dat dey can't have no little runty chilluns."
+
+"Some of de marsters wuz good an' some of dem wuz bad. I wuz glad ter be
+free an' I lef' der minute I finds out dat I is free. I ain't got no
+kick a-comin' not none at all. Some of de white folkses wuz slaves, ter
+git ter de United States an' we niggers ain't no better, I reckons."
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320026]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      22,289
+Subject:        A SLAVE STORY
+                (Princess Quango Hennadonah Perceriah).
+Reference:      MARY ANNGADY [HW: 80 years]
+Editor:         George L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "OCT 25 1937"]
+
+MARY ANNGADY
+
+(Princess Quango Hennadonah Perceriah)
+1110 Oakwood Avenue, Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+I was eighteen years old in 1875 but I wanted to get married so I gave
+my age as nineteen. I wish I could recall some of the ole days when I
+was with my missus in Orange County, playing with my brothers and other
+slave children.
+
+I was owned by Mr. Franklin Davis and my madam was Mrs. Bettie Davis. I
+and my brother used to scratch her feet and rub them for her; you know
+how old folks like to have their feet rubbed. My brother and I used to
+scrap over who should scratch and rub her feet. She would laugh and tell
+us not to do that way that she loved us both. Sometimes she let me sleep
+at her feet at night. She was plenty good to all of the slaves. Her
+daughter Sallie taught me my A B C's in Webster's Blue Back spelling
+Book. When I learned to Spell B-a-k-e-r, Baker, I thought that was
+something. The next word I felt proud to spell was s-h-a-d-y, shady, the
+next l-a-d-y, lady. I would spell them out loud as I picked up chips in
+the yard to build a fire with. My missus Bettie gave me a blue back
+spelling book.
+
+My father was named James Mason, and he belonged to James Mason of
+Chapel Hill. Mother and I and my four brothers belonged to the same man
+and we also lived in the town. I never lived on a farm or plantation in
+my life. I know nothing about farming. All my people are dead and I
+cannot locate any of marster's family if they are living. Marster's
+family consisted of two boys and two girls--Willie, Frank, Lucy and
+Sallie. Marster was a merchant, selling general merchandise. I remember
+eating a lot of brown sugar and candy at his store.
+
+My mother was a cook. They allowed us a lot of privileges and it was
+just one large happy family with plenty to eat and wear, good sleeping
+places and nothing to worry about. They were of the Presbyterian faith
+and we slaves attended Sunday school and services at their church. There
+were about twelve slaves on the lot. The houses for slaves were built
+just a little ways back from marster's house on the same lot. The Negro
+and white children played together, and there was little if any
+difference made in the treatment given a slave child and a white child.
+I have religious books they gave me. Besides the books they taught me,
+they drilled me in etiquette of the times and also in courtesy and
+respect to my superiors until it became a habit and it was perfectly
+natural for me to be polite.
+
+The first I knew of the Yankees was when I was out in my marster's yard
+picking up chips and they came along, took my little brother and put him
+on a horse's back and carried him up town. I ran and told my mother
+about it. They rode brother over the town a while, having fun out of
+him, then they brought him back. Brother said he had a good ride and was
+pleased with the blue jackets as the Yankee soldiers were called.
+
+We had all the silver and valuables hid and the Yankees did not find
+them, but they went into marster's store and took what they wanted. They
+gave my father a box of hardtack and a lot of meat. Father was a
+Christian and he quoted one of the Commandments when they gave him
+things they had stolen from others. 'Thou shalt not steal', quoth he,
+and he said he did not appreciate having stolen goods given to him.
+
+I traveled with the white folks in both sections of the country, north
+and south, after the _War Between the States_. I kept traveling with them
+and also continued my education. They taught me to recite and I made
+money by reciting on many of the trips. Since the surrender I have
+traveled in the north for various Charitable Negro Societies and
+Institutions and people seemed very much interested in the recitation I
+recited called "When Malinda Sings".
+
+The first school I attended was after the war closed. The school was
+located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and was taught by a Yankee white
+woman from Philadelphia. We remained in Chapel Hill only a few years
+after the war ended when we all moved to Raleigh, and I have made it my
+home ever since. I got the major part of my education in Raleigh under
+Dr. H. M. Tupper[1] who taught in the second Baptist Church, located on
+Blount Street. Miss Mary Lathrop, a colored teacher from Philadelphia,
+was an assistant teacher in Dr. Tupper's School. I went from there to
+Shaw Collegiate Institute, which is now Shaw University.
+
+I married Aaron Stallings of Warrenton, North Carolina while at Shaw.
+He died and I married Rev. Matthews Anngady of Monrovia, west coast of
+Africa, Liberia, Pastor of First Church. I helped him in his work here,
+kept studying the works of different authors, and lecturing and
+reciting. My husband, the Rev. Matthews Anngady died, and I gave a lot
+of my time to the cause of Charity, and while on a lecture tour of
+Massachusetts in the interest of this feature of colored welfare for
+Richmond, Va., the most colorful incident of my eventful life happened
+when I met Quango Hennadonah Perceriah, an Abyssinian Prince, who was
+traveling and lecturing on the customs of his country and the habits of
+its people. Our mutual interests caused our friendship to ripen fast and
+when the time of parting came, when each of us had finished our work in
+Massachusetts, he going back to his home in New York City and I
+returning to Richmond, he asked me to correspond with him. I promised to
+do so and our friendship after a year's correspondence became love and
+he proposed and I accepted him. We were married in Raleigh by Rev. J. J.
+Worlds, pastor of the First Baptist Church, colored.
+
+P. T. Barnum had captured my husband when he was a boy and brought him
+to America from Abyssinia, educated him and then sent him back to his
+native country. He would not stay and soon he was in America again. He
+was of the Catholic faith in America and they conferred the honor of
+priesthood upon him but after he married me this priesthood was taken
+away and he joined the Episcopal Church. After we were married we
+decided to go on an extensive lecture tour. He had been a headsman in
+his own country and a prince. We took the customs of his people and his
+experiences as the subject of our lectures. I could sing, play the
+guitar, violin and piano, but I did not know his native language. He
+began to teach me and as soon as I could sing the song _How Firm A
+Foundation_ in his language which went this way:
+
+    Ngama i-bata, Njami buyek
+    Wema Wemeta, Negana i
+    bukek diol, di Njami,
+    i-diol de Kak
+    Annimix, Annimix hanci
+
+    Bata ba Satana i-bu butete
+    Bata ba Npjami i bunanan
+    Bata be satana ba laba i wa--
+    Bata ba Njami ba laba Munonga
+
+We traveled and lectured in both the north and the south and our life,
+while we had to work hard, was one of happiness and contentment. I
+traveled and lectured as the Princess Quango Hennadonah Perceriah, wife
+of the Abyssinian Prince. I often recited the recitation written by the
+colored poet, Paul Lawrence Dunbar _When Malinda Sings_ to the delight of
+our audiences.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following incidents of African life were related to me by my husband
+Quango Hennadonah Perceriah and they were also given in his lectures on
+African customs while touring the United States.
+
+The religion of the Bakuba tribe of Abyssinia was almost wholly Pagan
+as the natives believed fully in witchcraft, sorcery, myths and
+superstitions. The witch doctor held absolute sway over the members of
+the tribe and when his reputation as a giver of rain, bountiful crops or
+success in the chase was at stake the tribes were called together and
+those accused by the witch doctor of being responsible for these
+conditions through witchery were condemned and speedily executed.
+
+The people were called together by the beating of drums. The witch
+doctor, dressed in the most hellish garb imaginable with his body
+painted and poisonous snake bone necklaces dangling from his neck and
+the claws of ferocious beasts, lions, leopards and the teeth of vicious
+man-eating crocodiles finishing up his adornment, sat in the middle of
+a court surrounded by the members of the tribe. In his hand he carried a
+gourd which contained beads, shot, or small stones. He began his
+incantations by rattling the contents of the gourd, shouting and making
+many weird wails and peculiar contortions. After this had gone on for
+sometime until he was near exhaustion his face assumed the expression of
+one in great pain and this was the beginning of the end for some poor
+ignorant savage. He squirmed and turned in different directions with his
+eyes fixed with a set stare as if in expectancy when suddenly his gaze
+would be fixed on some member of the tribe and his finger pointed
+directly at him. The victim was at once seized and bound, the doctor's
+gaze never leaving him until this was done. If one victim appeased his
+nervous fervor the trial was over but if his wrought-up feelings desired
+more his screechings continued until a second victim was secured. He had
+these men put to death to justify himself in the eyes of the natives of
+his tribe for his failing to bring rain, bountiful crops and success to
+the tribe.
+
+The witch doctor who sat as judge seemed to have perfect control over
+the savages minds and no one questioned his decisions. The persons were
+reconciled to their fate and were led away to execution while they
+moaned and bade their friends goodbye in the doleful savage style.
+Sometimes they were put on a boat, taken out into the middle of a river
+and there cut to pieces with blades of grass, their limbs being
+dismembered first and thrown into the river to the crocodiles. A drink
+containing an opiate was generally given the victim to deaden the pain
+but often this formality was dispensed with. The victims were often cut
+to pieces at the place of trial with knives and their limbs thrown out
+to the vultures that almost continuously hover 'round the huts and
+kraals of the savage tribes of Africa.
+
+In some instances condemned persons were burned at the stake. This form
+of execution is meted out at some of the religious dances or festivities
+to some of their pagan gods to atone and drive away the evil spirits
+that have caused pestilences to come upon the people. The victims at
+these times are tortured in truly savage fashion, being burned to death
+by degrees while the other members of the tribe dance around and go wild
+with religious fervor calling to their gods while the victim screeches
+with pain in his slowly approaching death throes. Young girls, women,
+boys and men are often accused of witchcraft. One method they used of
+telling whether the victim accused was innocent or guilty was to give
+them a liquid poison made from the juice of several poisonous plants. If
+they could drink it and live they were innocent, if they died they were
+guilty. In most cases death was almost instantaneous. Some vomited the
+poison from their stomachs and lived.
+
+The Bakubas sometimes resorted to cannibalism and my husband told me
+of a Bakuba girl who ate her own mother. Once a snake bit a man and he
+at once called the witch doctor. The snake was a poisonous one and the
+man bitten was in great pain. The witch doctor whooped and went through
+several chants but the man got worse instead of better. The witch doctor
+then told the man that his wife made the snake bite him by witchery and
+that she should die for the act. The natives gathered at once in
+response to the witch doctor's call and the woman was executed at once.
+The man bitten by the snake finally died but the witch doctor had
+shifted the responsibility of his failure to help the man to his wife
+who had been beheaded. The witch doctor had justified himself and the
+incident was closed.
+
+The tribe ruled by a King has two or more absolute rules. The Kings
+word is law and he has the power to condemn any subject to death at any
+time without trial. If he becomes angry or offended with any of his
+wives a nod and a word to his bodyguard and the woman is led away to
+execution. Any person of the tribe is subject to the King's will with
+the exemption of the witch doctor. Executions of a different nature than
+the ones described above are common occurrences. For general crimes the
+culprit after being condemned to death is placed in a chair shaped very
+much like the electric chairs used in American prisons in taking the
+lives of the condemned. He is then tied firmly to the chair with thongs.
+A pole made of a green sapling is firmly implanted in the earth nearby.
+A thong is placed around the neck of the victim under the chin. The
+sapling is then bent over and the other end of the thong tied to the end
+of the sapling pole. The pole stretches the neck to its full length and
+holds the head erect. Drums are sometimes beaten to drown the cries of
+those who are to be killed. The executioner who is called a headsman
+then walks forward approaching the chair from the rear. When he reaches
+it he steps to the side of the victim and with a large, sharp,
+long-bladed knife lops off the head of the criminal. The bodies of men
+executed in this manner are buried in shallow holes dug about two feet
+deep to receive their bodies.
+
+The rank and file of the savage tribes believe explicitly [HW
+correction: implicitly] in the supernatural powers of the witch doctor
+and his decisions are not questioned. Not even the King of the tribe
+raises a voice against him. The witch doctor is crafty enough not to
+condemn any of the King's household or any one directly prominent in the
+King's service. After an execution everything is quiet in a few hours
+and the incident seems forgotten. The African Negroes attitude towards
+the whole affair seems to be instinctive and as long as he escapes he
+does not show any particular concern in his fellowman. His is of an
+animal instinctive nature.
+
+The males of the African tribes of savages have very little respect for
+a woman but they demand a whole lot of courtesies from their wives,
+beating them unmercifully when they feel proper respect has not been
+shown them. The men hunt game and make war on other tribes and the women
+do all the work. A savage warrior when not engaged in hunting or war,
+sleeps a lot and smokes almost continuously during his waking hours.
+Girls are bought from their parents while mere children by the payment
+of so many cows, goats, etc. The King can take any woman of the tribe
+whether married or single he desires to be his wife. The parents of
+young girls taken to wife by the King of a tribe feel honored and fall
+on their knees and thank the King for taking her.
+
+The prince of a tribe is born a headsman and as soon as he is able to
+wield a knife he is called upon to perform the duty of cutting off the
+heads of criminals who are condemned to death by the King for general
+crimes. Those condemned by the witch doctor for witchcraft are executed
+by dismemberment or fire as described above.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+My husband was a cannibal headsman and performed this duty of cutting
+off persons heads when a boy and after being civilized in America this
+feature of his early life bore so heavily upon his mind that it was
+instrumental in driving him insane. By custom a prince was born a
+headsman and it was compulsory that he execute criminals. He died in an
+insane ward of the New Jersey State Hospital.
+
+[Footnote 1: [HW: ]Dr. Henry M. Tupper, a Union Army chaplain, who
+helped to start Shaw University in 1865.]
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320126]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      1051
+Subject:        JANE ARRINGTON
+Story Teller:   Jane Arrington
+Editor:         Geo. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 4 1937"]
+
+JANE ARRINGTON
+84 years old
+302 Fowle Street
+Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+I ort to be able to tell sumpin cause I wus twelve years old when dey
+had de surrender right up here in Raleigh. If I live to see dis coming
+December I will be eighty five years old. I was born on the 18th of
+December 1852.
+
+I belonged to Jackson May of Nash County. I wus born on de plantation
+near Tar River. Jackson May never married until I wus of a great big
+girl. He owned a lot of slaves; dere were eighty on de plantation before
+de surrender. He married Miss Becky Wilder, sister of Sam Wilder. De
+Wilders lived on a jining plantation to where I wus borned.
+
+Jackson May had so many niggers he let Billy Williams who had a
+plantation nearby have part of 'em. Marster Jackson he raised my father
+and bought my mother. My mother wus named Louisa May, and my father wus
+named Louis May. My mother had six chilluns, four boys and two girls.
+The boys were Richard, Farro, Caeser, and Fenner. De girls Rose and
+Jane. Jane, dats me.
+
+We lived in log houses with stick an' dirt chimleys. They called 'em
+the slave houses. We had chicken feather beds to sleep on an' de houses
+wus good warm comfortable log houses. We had plenty of cover an' feather
+pillows.
+
+My grandmother on my mother's side told me a lot of stories 'bout
+haints and how people run from 'em. Dey told me 'bout slaves dat had
+been killed by dere marster's coming back and worryin' 'em. Ole Missus
+Penny Williams, before Jackson May bought mother, treated some of de
+slaves mighty bad. She died an' den come back an' nearly scared de
+slaves to death. Grandmother told all we chillun she seed her an' knowed
+her after she been dead an' come back.
+
+John May a slave wus beat to death by Bill Stone an' Oliver May. Oliver
+May wus Junius May's son. Junius May wus Jackson May's Uncle. John May
+come back an' wurried both of 'em. Dey could hardly sleep arter dat. Dey
+said dey could hear him hollerin' an' groanin' most all de time. Dese
+white men would groan in dere sleep an' tell John to go away. Dey would
+say, 'Go way John, please go away'. De other slaves wus afraid of 'em
+cause de ghost of John wurried 'em so bad.
+
+I wurked on de farm, cuttin' corn stalks and tendin' to cattle in
+slavery time. Sometimes I swept de yards. I never got any money for my
+work and we didn't have any patches. My brothers caught possums, coons
+and sich things an' we cooked 'em in our houses. We had no parties but
+we had quiltin's. We went to the white folks church, Peach Tree Church,
+six miles from de plantation an' Poplar Springs Church seven miles away.
+Both were missionary Baptist Churches.
+
+There were no overseers on Jackson May's plantation. He wouldn't have
+nary one. Billy Williams didn't have none. Dey had colored slave
+foremen.
+
+After wurkin' all day dere wus a task of cotton to be picked an' spun
+by 'em. Dis wus two onces of cotton. Some of de slaves run away from
+Bill Williams when Marster Jackson May let him have 'em to work. Dey run
+away an' come home. Aunt Chaney runned away an' mother run away. Marster
+Jackson May kept 'em hid cause he say dey wus not treated right. He
+wouldn't let 'em have 'em back no more.
+
+I never saw a grown slave whupped or in chains and I never saw a slave
+sold. Jackson May would not sell a slave. He didn't think it right. He
+kept 'em together. He had eighty head. He would let other white people
+have 'em to wurk for 'em sometimes, but he would not sell none of 'em.
+
+If dey caught a slave wid a book you knowed it meant a whuppin', but de
+white chillun teached slaves secretey sometimes. Ole man Jake Rice a
+slave who belonged to John Rice in Nash County wus teached by ole John
+Rice's son till he had a purty good mount of larnin'.
+
+We did not have prayer meeting at marster's plantation or anywhur.
+Marster would not allow dat.
+
+When I wus a child we played de games of three handed reels, 'Old Gray
+Goose', 'All Little Gal, All Little Gal, All Little Gal remember me'. We
+took hold of hands an' run round as we sang dis song.
+
+We sang 'Old Dan Tucker'. Git outen de way, ole Dan Tucker, Sixteen
+Hosses in one stable, one jumped out an' skined his nable an' so on.
+
+Dr. Mann and Dr. Sid Harris and Dr. Fee Mann and Dr. Mathias looked
+arter us when we wus sick. Mother and de other grown folks raised herbs
+dat dey give us too. Chillun took a lot of salts.
+
+Jackson May wus too rich to go to de war. Billy Williams didn't go, too
+rich too, I reckons. I remember when dey said niggers had to be free. De
+papers said if dey could not be freedom by good men dere would be
+freedom by blood. Dey fighted an' kept on fightin' a long time. Den de
+Yankees come. [HW correction: New paragraph] I heard dem beat de drum.
+Marster tole us we wus free but mother an' father stayed on with
+Marster. He promised 'em sumptin, but he give 'em nothin'. When de crop
+wus housed dey left.
+
+Father and mother went to Hench Stallings plantation and stayed there
+one year. Then they went to Jim Webbs farm. I don't remember how long
+they stayed there but round two years. They moved about an' about among
+the white folks till they died. They never owned any property. They been
+dead 'bout thirty years.
+
+I married Sidney Arrington. He has been dead six years las' September.
+
+I am unable to do any kind of work. My arm is mighty weak.
+
+I know slavery wus a bad thing. I don't have to think anything about
+it. Abraham Lincoln wus the first of us bein' free, I think he wus a man
+of God. I think Roosevelt is all right man. I belongs to the
+Pentecostal Holiness Church.
+
+AC
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320031]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      1,426
+Subject:        SARAH LOUISE AUGUSTUS
+Source:         Sarah Louise Augustus
+Editor:         George L. Andrews
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+SARAH LOUISE AUGUSTUS
+Age 80 years
+1424 Lane Street
+Raleigh, North Carolina
+
+
+I wus born on a plantation near Fayetteville, N. C., and I belonged to
+J. B. Smith. His wife wus named Henrietta. He owned about thirty slaves.
+When a slave was no good he wus put on the auction block in Fayetteville
+and sold.
+
+My father wus named Romeo Harden and my mother wus named Alice Smith.
+The little cabin where I wus born is still standing.
+
+There wus seven children in marster's family, four girls and two boys.
+The girls wus named Ellen, Ida, Mary and Elizabeth. The boys wus named
+Harry, Norman and Marse George. Marse George went to the war. Mother had
+a family of four girls. Their names wus: Mary, Kate, Hannah and myself,
+Sarah Louise. I am the only one living and I would not be living but I
+have spent most of my life in white folk's houses and they have looked
+after me. I respected myself and they respected me.
+
+My first days of slavery wus hard. I slept on a pallet on the floor of
+the cabin and just as soon as I wus able to work any at all I wus put
+to milking cows.
+
+I have seen the paterollers hunting men and have seen men they had
+whipped. The slave block stood in the center of the street, Fayetteville
+Street, where Ramsey and Gillespie Street came in near Cool Springs
+Street. The silk mill stood just below the slave market. I saw the
+silkworms that made the silk and saw them gather the cocoons and spin
+the silk.
+
+They hung people in the middle of Ramsey Street. They put up a gallows
+and hung the men exactly at 12 o'clock.
+
+I ran away from the plantation once to go with some white children to
+see a man hung.
+
+The only boats I remember on the Cape Fear wus the Governor Worth, The
+Hurt, The Iser and The North State. Oh! Lord yes, I remember the stage
+coach. As many times as I run to carry the mail to them when they come
+by! They blew a horn before they got there and you had to be on time
+'cause they could not wait. There wus a stage each way each day, one up
+and one down.
+
+Mr. George Lander had the first Tombstone Marble yard in Fayetteville
+on Hay Street on the point of Flat Iron place. Lander wus from Scotland.
+They gave me a pot, a scarf, and his sister gave me some shells. I have
+all the things they gave me. My missus, Henrietta Smith, wus Mr.
+Lander's sister. I waited on the Landers part of the time. They were
+hard working white folks, honest, God fearing people. The things they
+gave me were brought from over the sea.
+
+I can remember when there wus no hospital in Fayetteville. There wus a
+little place near the depot where there wus a board shanty where they
+operated on people. I stood outside once and saw the doctors take a
+man's leg off. Dr. McDuffy wus the man who took the leg off. He lived on
+Hay Street near the Silk Mill.
+
+When one of the white folks died they sent slaves around to the homes
+of their friends and neighbors with a large sheet of paper with a piece
+of black crepe pinned to the top of it. The friends would sign or make a
+cross mark on it. The funerals were held at the homes and friends and
+neighbors stood on the porch and in the house while the services were
+going on. The bodies were carried to the grave after the services in a
+black hearse drawn by black horses. If they did not have black horses to
+draw the hearse they went off and borrowed them. The colored people
+washed and shrouded the dead bodies. My grandmother wus one who did
+this. Her name wus Sarah McDonald. She belonged to Capt. George
+McDonald. She had fifteen children and lived to be one hundred and ten
+years old. She died in Fayetteville of pneumonia. She wus in Raleigh
+nursing the Briggs family, Mrs. F. H. Briggs' family. She wus going home
+to Fayetteville when she wus caught in a rain storm at Sanford, while
+changing trains. The train for Fayetteville had left as the train for
+Sanford wus late so she stayed wet all night. Next day she went home,
+took pneumonia and died. She wus great on curing rheumatism; she did it
+with herbs. She grew hops and other herbs and cured many people of this
+disease.
+
+She wus called black mammy because she wet nursed so many white
+children. In slavery time she nursed all babies hatched on her marster's
+plantation and kept it up after the war as long as she had children.
+
+Grandfather wus named Isaac Fuller. Mrs. Mary Ann Fuller, Kate Fuller,
+Mr. Will Fuller, who wus a lawyer in Wall Street, New York, is some of
+their white folks. The Fullers were born in Fayetteville. One of the
+slaves, Dick McAlister, worked, saved a small fortune and left it to
+Mr. Will Fuller. People thought the slave ought to have left it to his
+sister but he left it to Mr. Will. Mr. Fuller gives part of it to the
+ex-slaves sister each year. Mr. Will always helped the Negroes out when
+he could. He was good to Dick and Dick McAlister gave him all his
+belongings when he died.
+
+The Yankees came through Fayetteville wearing large blue coats with
+capes on them. Lots of them were mounted, and there were thousands of
+foot soldiers. It took them several days to get through town. The
+Southern soldiers retreated and then in a few hours the Yankees covered
+the town. They busted into the smokehouse at marstar's, took the meat,
+meal and other provisions. Grandmother pled with the Yankees but it did
+no good. They took all they wanted. They said if they had to come again
+they would take the babies from the cradles. They told us we were all
+free. The Negroes begun visiting each other in the cabins and became so
+excited they began to shout and pray. I thought they were all crazy.
+
+We stayed right on with marster. He had a town house and a big house on
+the plantation. I went to the town house to work, but mother and
+grandmother stayed on the plantation. My mother died there and the
+white folks buried her. Father stayed right on and helped run the farm
+until he died. My uncle, Elic Smith, and his family stayed too.
+Grandfather and grandmother after a few years left the plantation and
+went to live on a little place which Mrs. Mary Ann Fuller gave them.
+Grandmother and grandfather died there.
+
+I wus thirty years old when I married. I wus married in my missus'
+graduating dress. I wus married in the white folks' church, to James
+Henry Harris. The white folks carried me there and gave me away. Miss
+Mary Smith gave me away. The wedding wus attended mostly by white
+folks.
+
+My husband wus a fireman on the Cape Fear river boats and a white man's
+Negro too. We had two children, both died while little. My husband and I
+spent much of our time with the white folks and when he wus on his runs
+I slept in their homes. Often the children of the white families slept
+with me. We both tried to live up to the standards of decency and
+honesty and to be worthy of the confidence placed in us by our white
+folks.
+
+My husband wus finally offered a job with a shipping concern in
+Deleware and we moved there. He wus fireman on the freighter
+Wilmington. He worked there three years, when he wus drowned. After his
+death I married David Augustus and immediately came back to North
+Carolina and my white folks, and we have been here ever since. I am a
+member of several Negro Lodges and am on the Committee for the North
+Carolina Colored State Fair.
+
+There are only a few of the old white folks who have always been good
+to me living now, but I am still working with their offspring, among
+whom I have some mighty dear friends. I wus about eight years old when
+Sherman's Army came through. Guess I am about eighty years of age now.
+
+AC
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320261]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      908
+Subject:        A Slave Story
+Story Teller:   Charity Austin
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 26 1937"]
+
+CHARITY AUSTIN
+507 South Bloodworth Street, Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+I wus borned in the year 1852, July 27. I wus born in Granville County,
+sold to a slave speculator at ten years old and carried to Southwest,
+Georgia. I belonged to Samuel Howard. His daughter took me to Kinston,
+North Carolina and I stayed there until I wus sold. She married a man
+named Bill Brown, and her name wus Julia Howard Brown. My father wus
+named Paul Howard and my mother wus named Chollie Howard. My old missus
+wus named Polly Howard.
+
+John Richard Keine from Danville, Virginia bought me and sent me to a
+plantation in Georgia. We only had a white overseer there. He and his
+wife and children lived on the plantation. We had slave quarters there.
+Slaves were bought up and sent there in chains. Some were chained to
+each other by the legs, some by the arms. They called the leg chains
+shackles. I have lived a hard life. I have seen mothers sold away from
+their babies and other children, and they cryin' when she left. I have
+seen husbands sold from their wives, and wives sold from their husbands.
+
+Abraham Lincoln came through once, but none of us knew who he wus. He
+wus just the raggedest man you ever saw. The white children and me saw
+him out at the railroad. We were settin' and waitin' to see him. He said
+he wus huntin' his people; and dat he had lost all he had. Dey give him
+somethin' to eat and tobacco to chew, and he went on. Soon we heard he
+wus in de White House then we knew who it wus come through. We knowed
+den it wus Abraham Lincoln.
+
+We children stole eggs and sold 'em durin' slavery. Some of de white
+men bought 'em. They were Irishmen and they would not tell on us. Their
+names were Mulligan, Flanagan and Dugan. They wore good clothes and were
+funny mens. They called guns flutes.
+
+Boss tole us Abraham Lincoln wus dead and we were still slaves. Our
+boss man bought black cloth and made us wear it for mourning for Abraham
+Lincoln and tole us that there would not be freedom. We stayed there
+another year after freedom. A lot o' de niggers knowed nothin' 'cept
+what missus and marster tole us. What dey said wus just de same as de
+Lawd had spoken to us.
+
+Just after de surrender a nigger woman who wus bad, wus choppin' cotton
+at out plantation in Georgie. John Woodfox wus de main overseer and his
+son-in-law wus a overseer. Dey had a colored man who dey called a nigger
+driver. De nigger driver tole de overseer de woman wus bad. De overseer
+came to her, snatched de hoe from her and hit her. The blow killed her.
+He was reported to de Freedman's Bureau. Dey came, whupped de overseer
+and put him in jail. Dey decided not to kill him, but made him furnish
+de children of de dead woman so much to live on. Dere wus a hundred or
+more niggers in de field when this murder happened.
+
+We finally found out we were free and left. Dey let me stay with Miss
+Julia Brown. I was hired to her. She lived in Dooley County, Georgia. I
+next worked with Mrs. Dunbar after staying with Mrs. Brown four years.
+Her name wus Mrs. Winnie Dunbar and she moved to Columbia, South
+Carolina takin' me with her. I stayed with her about four years. This
+wus the end of my maiden life. I married Isaac Austin of Richmond
+County, Georgia. He wus a native of Warrenton County and he brought me
+from his home in Richmond County, Georgia to Warrenton and then from
+Warrenton to Raleigh. I had two brothers and thirteen sisters. I did
+general house work, and helped raise children during slavery, and right
+after de war. Then you had to depend on yourself to do for children. You
+had to doctor and care for them yourself. You just had to depend on
+yourself.
+
+Dey had 320 acres o' cleared fields in Georgia and then de rice fields,
+I just don't know how many acres. I have seen jails for slaves. Dey had
+a basement for a jail in Georgia and a guard at de holes in it.
+
+No, No! you better not be caught tryin' to do somethin' wid a book. Dey
+would teach you wid a stick or switch. De slaves had secret prayer
+meetin's wid pots turned down to kill de soun' o' de singin'. We sang a
+song, 'I am glad salvation's free.' Once dey heard us, nex' mornin' dey
+took us and tore our backs to pieces. Dey would say, 'Are you free? What
+were you singin' about freedom?' While de niggers were bein' whupped
+they said, 'Pray, marster, pray.'
+
+The doctor came to see us sometimes when we were sick, but not after.
+People just had to do their own doctorin'. Sometimes a man would take
+his patient, and sit by de road where de doctor travelled, and when he
+come along he would see him. De doctor rode in a sully drawn by a horse.
+He had a route, one doctor to two territories.
+
+When de white folks were preparing to go to de war they had big dinners
+and speakin'. Dey tole what dey were goin' to do to Sherman and Grant. A
+lot of such men as Grant and Sherman and Lincoln came through de South
+in rags and were at some o' dese meetings, an' et de dinners. When de
+white folks foun' it out, dere wus some sick folks. Sometimes we got two
+days Christmas and two days July. When de nigger wus freed dey didn't
+know where to go and what to do. It wus hard, but it has been hard
+since. From what de white folks, marster and missus tole us we thought
+Lincoln wus terrible. By what mother and father tole me I thought he wus
+all right. I think Roosevelt wus put in by God to do the right things.
+
+EH
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320012]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          367
+Subject:            BLOUNT BAKER
+Person Interviewed: Blount Baker
+Editor:             G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "SEP 10 1937"]
+
+BLOUNT BAKER
+
+An interview with Blount Baker, 106 Spruce Street, Wilson, North
+Carolina.
+
+
+Yes'um, I 'longed ter Marse Henry Allen of Wilson County an' we always
+raise terbacker. Marse Henry wus good ter us so we had a heap of prayer
+meetin's an' corn shuckin's an' such.
+
+I 'members de big meetin's dat we'd have in de summer time an' dat good
+singin' we'd have when we'd be singin' de sinners through. We'd stay
+pretty nigh all night to make a sinner come through, an' maybe de week
+atter de meetin' he'd steal one of his marster's hogs. Yes'um, I'se had
+a bad time.
+
+You know, missy, dar ain't no use puttin' faith in nobody, dey'd fool
+you ever time anyhow. I know once a patteroller tol' me dat iffen I'd
+give him a belt I found dat he'd let me go by ter see my gal dat night,
+but when he kotch me dat night he whupped me. I tol' Marse Henry on him
+too so Marse Henry takes de belt away from him an' gives me a possum fer
+hit. Dat possum shore wus good too, baked in de ashes like I done it.
+
+I ain't never hear Marse Henry cuss but once an' dat wus de time dat
+some gentlemens come ter de house an' sez dat dar am a war 'twixt de
+north an' de south. He sez den, 'Let de damn yaller bellied Yankees come
+on an' we'll give 'em hell an' sen' dem a-hoppin' back ter de north in a
+hurry.'
+
+We ain't seed no Yankees 'cept a few huntin' Rebs. Dey talk mean ter us
+an' one of dem says dat we niggers am de cause of de war. 'Sir,' I sez,
+'folks what am a wantin' a war can always find a cause'. He kicks me in
+de seat of de pants fer dat, so I hushes.
+
+I stayed wid Marse Henry till he died den I moved ter Wilson. I has
+worked everwhere, terbacker warehouses an' ever'thing. I'se gittin' of
+my ole age pension right away an' den de county won't have ter support
+me no mo', dat is if dey have been supportin' me on three dollars a
+month.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320244]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          745
+Subject:            LIZZIE BAKER
+Person Interviewed: Lizzie Baker
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+LIZZIE BAKER
+424 Smith Street
+
+
+I was born de las' year o' de surrender an'course I don't remember
+seein' any Yankee soldiers, but I knows a plenty my mother and father
+tole me. I have neuritis, an' have been unable to work any fer a year
+and fer seven years I couldn't do much.
+
+My mother wus named Teeny McIntire and my father William McIntire.
+Mammy belonged to Bryant Newkirk in Duplin County. Pap belonged to
+someone else, I don't know who.
+
+Dey said dey worked from light till dark, and pap said dey beat him so
+bad he run away a lot o' times. Dey said de paterollers come to whare
+dey wus havin' prayer meetin' and beat 'em.
+
+Mammy said sometimes dey were fed well and others dey almost starved.
+Dey got biscuit once a week on Sunday. Dey said dey went to de white
+folks's church. Dey said de preachers tole 'em dey had to obey dere
+missus and marster. My mammy said she didn't go to no dances 'cause she
+wus crippled. Some o' de help, a colored woman, stole something when she
+wus hongry. She put it off on mother and missus made mother wear
+trousers for a year to punish her.
+
+Mammy said dey gave de slaves on de plantation one day Christmas and
+dat New Years wus when dey sold 'em an' hired 'em out. All de slaves wus
+scared 'cause dey didn't know who would have to go off to be sold or to
+work in a strange place. Pap tole me 'bout livin' in de woods and 'bout
+dey ketchin' him. I 'member his owner's name den, it wus Stanley. He run
+away so bad dey sold him several times. Pap said one time dey caught him
+and nearly beat him to death, and jest as soon as he got well and got a
+good chance he ran away again.
+
+Mammy said when de Yankees come through she wus 'fraid of 'em. De
+Yankees tole her not to be 'fraid of 'em. Dey say to her, 'Do dey treat
+you right', Mammy said 'Yes sir', 'cause ole missus wus standin' dere,
+an' she wus 'fraid not to say yes. Atter de war, de fust year atter de
+surrender dey moved to James Alderman's place in Duplin County and
+stayed dere till I wus a grown gal.
+
+Den we moved to Goldsboro. Father wus a carpenter and he got a lot of
+dat work. Dat's what he done in Goldsboro. We come from Goldsboro to
+Raleigh and we have lived here every since. We moved here about de year
+o' de shake and my mother died right here in Raleigh de year o' de
+shake. Some of de things mother tole me 'bout slavery, has gone right
+out of my min'. Jes comes and goes.
+
+I remember pap tellin' me' bout stretchin' vines acrost roads and paths
+to knock de patterollers off deir horses when dey were tryin' to ketch
+slaves. Pap and mammy tole me marster and missus did not 'low any of de
+slaves to have a book in deir house. Dat if dey caught a slave wid a
+book in deir house dey whupped 'em. Dey were keerful not to let 'em
+learn readin' and writin'.
+
+Dey sold my sister Lucy and my brother Fred in slavery time, an' I have
+never seen 'em in my life. Mother would cry when she was tellin' me
+'bout it. She never seen 'em anymore. I jes' couldn't bear to hear her
+tell it widout cryin'. Dey were carried to Richmond, an' sold by old
+marster when dey were chillun.
+
+We tried to get some news of brother and sister. Mother kept 'quiring
+'bout 'em as long as she lived and I have hoped dat I could hear from
+'em. Dey are dead long ago I recons, and I guess dare aint no use ever
+expectin' to see 'em. Slavery wus bad and Mr. Lincoln did a good thing
+when he freed de niggers. I caint express my love for Roosevelt. He has
+saved so many lives. I think he has saved mine. I want to see him face
+to face. I purely love him and I feel I could do better to see him and
+tell him so face to face.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320182]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      339
+Subject:        VINEY BAKER
+Story Teller:   Viney Baker
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+VINEY BAKER
+Ex-Slave Story
+
+An interview with Viney Baker 78 of S. Harrington Street, Raleigh.
+
+
+My mammy wuz Hannah Murry an' so fur as I know I ain't got no father,
+do' I reckon dat he wuz de plantation stock nigger. I wuz borned in
+Virginia as yo' mought say ter my marster Mr. S. L. Allen.
+
+We moved when I wuz little ter Durham County whar we fared bad. We
+ain't had nothin' much ter eat an' ter w'ar. He had a hundert slaves an'
+I reckon five hundert acres o' lan'. He made us wuck hard, de little
+ones included.
+
+One night I lay down on de straw mattress wid my mammy, an' de nex'
+mo'nin' I woked up an' she wuz gone. When I axed 'bout her I fin's dat a
+speculator comed dar de night before an' wanted ter buy a 'oman. Dey had
+come an' got my mammy widout wakin' me up. I has always been glad
+somehow dat I wuz asleep.
+
+Dey uster tie me ter a tree an' beat me till de blood run down my back,
+I doan 'member nothin' dat I done, I jist 'members de whuppin's. Some
+of de rest wuz beat wuser dan I wuz too, an' I uster scream dat I wuz
+sho' dyin'.
+
+Yes'um I seed de Yankees go by, but dey ain't bodder us none, case dey
+knows dat 'hind eber' bush jist about a Confederate soldier pints a gun.
+
+I warn't glad at de surrender, case I doan understand hit, an' de
+Allen's keeps me right on, an' whups me wuser den dan eber.
+
+I reckon I wuz twelve years old when my mammy come ter de house an'
+axes Mis' Allen ter let me go spen' de week en' wid her. Mis' Allen
+can't say no, case Mammy mought go ter de carpet baggers so she lets me
+go fer de week-en'. Mammy laughs Sunday when I says somethin' 'bout
+goin' back. Naw, I stayed on wid my mammy, an' I ain't seed Mis' Allen
+no mo'.
+
+AC
+
+
+
+
+District:     No. 2                     [320151]
+No. Words:    733
+Worker:       Mary A. Hicks
+Subject:      EX-SLAVE STORY
+Story Teller: Charlie Barbour
+Editor:       Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 7 1937"]
+
+[HW: A (circled)]
+
+EX-SLAVE STORY
+
+An interview on May 20, 1937 with Charlie Barbour, 86 of Smithfield, N. C.
+Johnston County.
+
+
+I belonged ter Mr. Bob Lumsford hyar in Smithfield from de time of my
+birth. My mammy wuz named Candice an' my pappy's name wuz Seth. My
+brothers wuz Rufus, William an' George, an' my sisters wuz Mary an'
+Laura.
+
+I 'minds me of de days when as a youngin' [HW correction: youngun'] I
+played marbles an' hide an' seek. Dar wuzn't many games den, case nobody
+ain't had no time fer 'em. De grown folkses had dances an' sometimes
+co'n shuckin's, an' de little niggers patted dere feets at de dances an'
+dey he'p ter shuck de co'n. At Christmas we had a big dinner, an' from
+den through New Year's Day we feast, an' we dance, an' we sing. De fust
+one what said Christmas gift ter anybody else got a gif', so of cou'se
+we all try ter ketch de marster.
+
+On de night 'fore de first day of Jinuary we had a dance what lasts all
+night. At midnight when de New Year comes in marster makes a speech an'
+we is happy dat he thanks us fer our year's wuck an' says dat we is
+good, smart slaves.
+
+Marster wucked his niggers from daylight till dark, an' his thirteen
+grown slaves had ter ten' 'bout three hundred acres o' land. Course dey
+mostly planted co'n, peas an' vege'ables.
+
+I can 'member, do' I wuz small, dat de slaves wuz whupped fer
+disobeyin' an' I can think of seberal dat I got. I wuz doin' housewuck
+at de time an' one of de silber knives got misplaced. Dey 'cused me of
+misplacin' it on purpose, so I got de wust beatin' dat I eber had. I wuz
+beat den till de hide wuz busted hyar an' dar.
+
+We little ones had some time ter go swimmin' an' we did; we also
+fished, an' at night we hunted de possum an' de coon sometimes. Ole
+Uncle Jeems had some houn's what would run possums or coons an' he uster
+take we boys 'long wid him.
+
+I 'members onct de houn's struck a trail an' dey tree de coon. Uncle
+Jeems sen's Joe, who wuz bigger den I wuz, up de tree ter ketch de coon
+an' he warns him dat coons am fightin' fellers. Joe doan pay much mind
+he am so happy ter git der chanct ter ketch de coon, but when he ketched
+dat coon he couldn't turn loose, an' from de way he holler yo' would
+s'pose dat he ain't neber wanted ter ketch a coon. When Joe Barbour wuz
+buried hyar las' winter dem coon marks wuz still strong on his arms an'
+han's an' dar wuz de long scar on his face.
+
+I 'members onct a Yankee 'oman from New York looks at him an' nigh
+'bout faints. 'I reckon', says she, dat am what de cruel slave owner or
+driver done ter him'.
+
+Yes mam, I knows when de Yankees comed ter Smithfield. Dey comed wid de
+beatin' of drums an' de wavin' of flags. Dey says dat our governor wuz
+hyar makin' a speech but he flewed 'fore dey got hyar. Anyhow, we libed
+off from de main path of march, an' so we ain't been trouble so much
+'cept by 'scootin' parties, as my ole missus call' em.
+
+Dey am de darndest yo' eber seed, dey won't eat no hog meat 'cept hams
+an' shoulders an' dey goes ter de smoke house an' gits 'em 'thout no
+permission. Dey has what dey calls rammin' rods ter dere guns an' dey
+knock de chickens in de haid wid dat. I hyard dem say dat dar warn't no
+use wastin' powder on dem chickens.
+
+Dey went ober de neighborhood stealin' an' killin' stock. I hyard 'bout
+'em ketchin' a pig, cuttin' off his hams an' leave him dar alive. De
+foun' all de things we done hid, not dat I thinks dat dey am witches,
+but dat dey has a money rod, an' 'cides dat some of de slaves tol' 'em
+whar marster had hid de things.
+
+Yes 'um, I reckon I wuz glad ter git free, case I knows den dat I won't
+wake up some mornin' ter fin' dat my mammy or some ob de rest of my
+family am done sold. I left de day I hyard 'bout de surrender an' I
+fared right good too, do' I knows dem what ain't farin' so well.
+
+I ain't neber learn ter read an' write an' I knows now dat I neber
+will. I can't eben write a letter ter Raleigh 'bout my ole man's
+pension.
+
+I 'members de days when mammy wored a blue hankerchief 'round her haid
+an' cooked in de great house. She'd sometimes sneak me a cookie or a
+cobbler an' fruits. She had her own little gyardin an' a few chickens
+an' we w'oud ov been happy 'cept dat we wuz skeered o' bein' sold.
+
+I'se glad dat slavery am ober, case now de nigger has got a chanct ter
+live an' larn wid de whites. Dey won't neber be as good as de whites but
+dey can larn ter live an' enjoy life more.
+
+Speakin' 'bout de Ku Klux dey ain't do nothin' but scare me back in
+'69, but iffen we had some now I thinks dat some of dese young niggers
+what has forgot what dey mammies tol' 'em would do better.
+
+MH:EH
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320249]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          678
+Subject:            MARY BARBOUR
+Person Interviewed: Mary Barbour
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+MARY BARBOUR
+
+Ex-Slave Story
+
+An interview with Mary Barbour 81 of 801 S. Bloodworth Street, Raleigh,
+N. C.
+
+
+I reckon dat I wuz borned in McDowell County, case dat's whar my mammy,
+Edith, lived. She 'longed ter Mr. Jefferson Mitchel dar, an' my pappy
+'longed ter er Mr. Jordan in Avery County, so he said.
+
+'Fore de war, I doan know nothin' much 'cept dat we lived on a big
+plantation an' dat my mammy wucked hard, but wuz treated pretty good.
+
+We had our little log cabin off ter one side, an' my mammy had sixteen
+chilluns. Fas' as dey got three years old de marster sol' 'em till we
+las' four dat she had wid her durin' de war. I wuz de oldes' o' dese
+four; den dar wuz Henry an' den de twins, Liza an' Charlie.
+
+One of de fust things dat I 'members wuz my pappy wakin' me up in de
+middle o' de night, dressin' me in de dark, all de time tellin' me ter
+keep quiet. One o' de twins hollered some an' pappy put his hand ober
+its mouth ter keep it quiet.
+
+Atter we wuz dressed he went outside an' peeped roun' fer a minute den
+he comed back an' got us. We snook out o' de house an' long de woods
+path, pappy totin' one of de twins an' holdin' me by de han' an' mammy
+carryin' de udder two.
+
+I reckons dat I will always 'member dat walk, wid de bushes slappin' my
+laigs, de win' sighin' in de trees, an' de hoot owls an' whippoorwills
+hollerin' at each other frum de big trees. I wuz half asleep an' skeered
+stiff, but in a little while we pass de plum' thicket an' dar am de
+mules an' wagin.
+
+Dar am er quilt in de bottom o' de wagin, an' on dis dey lays we
+youngins. An' pappy an' mammy gits on de board cross de front an' drives
+off down de road.
+
+I wuz sleepy but I wuz skeered too, so as we rides 'long I lis'ens ter
+pappy an' mammy talk. Pappy wuz tellin' mammy 'bout de Yankees comin'
+ter dere plantation, burnin' de co'n cribs, de smokehouses an' 'stroyin'
+eber'thing. He says right low dat dey done took marster Jordan ter de
+Rip Raps down nigh Norfolk, an' dat he stol' de mules an' wagin an'
+'scaped.
+
+We wuz skeerd of de Yankees ter start wid, but de more we thinks 'bout
+us runnin' way frum our marsters de skeerder we gits o' de Rebs. Anyhow
+pappy says dat we is goin' ter jine de Yankees.
+
+We trabels all night an' hid in de woods all day fer a long time, but
+atter awhile we gits ter Doctor Dillard's place, in Chowan County. I
+reckons dat we stays dar seberal days.
+
+De Yankees has tooked dis place so we stops ober, an' has a heap o' fun
+dancin' an' sich while we am dar. De Yankees tells pappy ter head fer
+New Bern an' dat he will be took keer of dar, so ter New Bern we goes.
+
+When we gits ter New Bern de Yankees takes de mules an' wagin, dey
+tells pappy something, an' he puts us on a long white boat named Ocean
+Waves an' ter Roanoke we goes.
+
+Later I larns dat most o' de reffes[2] is put in James City, nigh New
+Bern, but dar am a pretty good crowd on Roanoke. Dar wuz also a ole
+Indian Witch 'oman dat I 'members.
+
+Atter a few days dar de Ocean Waves comes back an' takes all ober ter
+New Bern. My pappy wuz a shoemaker, so he makes Yankee boots, an' we
+gits 'long pretty good.
+
+I wuz raised in New Bern an' I lived dar till forty years ago when me
+an' my husban' moved ter Raleigh an' do' he's been daid a long time I
+has lived hyar ober [TR: eber] since an' eben if'en I is eighty-one
+years old I can still outwuck my daughter an' de rest of dese young
+niggers.
+
+[Footnote 2: refugees]
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320162]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          927
+Subject:            Plantation Times
+Person Interviewed: Alice Baugh
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 1 1937"]
+
+PLANTATION TIMES
+
+An Interview on May 18, 1937 with Alice Baugh, 64, who remembers hearing
+her mother tell of slavery days.
+
+
+My mammy Ferbie, an' her brother Darson belonged ter Mr. David Hinnant
+in Edgecombe County till young Marster Charlie got married. Den dey wuz
+drawed an' sent wid him down hyar ter Wendell. De ole Hinnant home am
+still standin' dar ter dis day.
+
+Marster Charlie an' Missus Mary wuz good ter de hundred slaves what
+belonged ter' em. Dey gib 'em good houses, good feed, good clothes an'
+plenty uv fun. Dey had dere co'n shuckin's, dere barn dances, prayer
+meetin's an' sich like all de year, an' from Christmas till de second
+day o' January dey had a holiday wid roast oxes, pigs, turkey an' all de
+rest o' de fixin's. From Saturday till Monday de slaves wuz off an' dey
+had dere Sunday clothes, which wuz nice. De marster always gib 'em a
+paper so's de patterollers won't git 'em.
+
+Dey went up de riber to other plantations ter dances an' all dem
+things, an' dey wuz awful fond uv singin' songs. Dat's whut dey done
+atter dey comes ter dere cabins at de end o' de day. De grown folkses
+sings an' somebody pickin' de banjo. De favorite song wuz 'Swing Low
+Sweet Chariot' an' 'Play on yo' Harp Little David'. De chilluns uster
+play Hide an' Seek, an' Leap Frog, an' ever'body wuz happy.
+
+Dey had time off ter hunt an' fish an' dey had dere own chickens, pigs,
+watermillons an' gyardens. De fruits from de big orchard an' de honey
+from de hives wuz et at home, an' de slave et as good as his marster et.
+Dey had a whole heap o' bee hives an' my mammy said dat she had ter
+tell dem bees when Mis' Mary died. She said how she wuz cryin' so hard
+dat she can't hardly tell 'em, an' dat dey hum lak dey am mo'nin' too.
+
+My mammy marry my pappy dar an' she sez dat de preacher from de
+Methodis' Church marry 'em, dat she w'ar Miss Mary's weddin' dress, all
+uv white lace, an' dat my pappy w'ar Mr. Charlie's weddin' suit wid a
+flower in de button hole. Dey gived a big dance atter de supper dey had,
+an' Marster Charlie dance de first [HW correction: fust] set wid my
+mammy.
+
+I jist thought of a tale what I hyard my mammy tell 'bout de Issue
+Frees of Edgecombe County when she wuz a little gal. She said dat de
+Issue Frees wuz mixed wid de white folks, an' uv cou'se dat make 'em
+free. Sometimes dey stay on de plantation, but a whole heap uv dem, long
+wid niggers who had done runned away from dere marster, dugged caves in
+de woods, an' dar dey lived an' raised dere families dar. Dey ain't
+wored much clothes an' what dey got to eat an' to w'ar dey swiped from
+de white folkses. Mammy said dat she uster go ter de spring fer water,
+an' dem ole Issue Frees up in de woods would yell at her, 'Doan yo'
+muddy dat spring, little gal'. Dat scared her moughty bad.
+
+Dem Issue Frees till dis day shows both bloods. De white folkses won't
+have 'em an' de niggers doan want 'em but will have ter have 'em
+anyhow.
+
+My uncle wuz raised in a cave an' lived on stold stuff an' berries. My
+cousin runned away 'cause his marster wuz mean ter him, but dey put de
+blood hounds on his trail, ketched him. Atter he got well from de
+beatin' dey gib him, dey sold him.
+
+I'se hyard ole lady Prissie Jones who died at de age of 103 las' winter
+tell 'bout marsters dat when dere slaves runned away dey'd set de
+bloodhounds on dere trail an' when dey ketched 'em dey'd cut dere haids
+off wid de swords.
+
+Ole lady Prissie tole 'bout slaves what ain't had nothin' ter eat an'
+no clothes 'cept a little strip uv homespun, but my mammy who died four
+months ago at de age 106 said dat she ain't knowed nothin' 'bout such
+doin's.
+
+When de Yankees come, dey come a burnin' an' a-stealin' an' Marster
+Charlie carried his val'ables ter mammy's cabin, but dey found 'em. Dey
+had a money rod an' dey'd find all de stuff no matter whar it wuz.
+Mammy said dat all de slaves cried when de Yankees come, an' dat most uv
+'em stayed on a long time atter de war. My mammy plowed an' done such
+work all de time uv slavery, but she done it case she wanted to do it
+an' not 'cause dey make her.
+
+All de slaves hate de Yankees an' when de southern soldiers comed by
+late in de night all de niggers got out of de bed an' holdin' torches
+high dey march behin' de soldiers, all of dem singin', 'We'll Hang Abe
+Lincoln on de Sour Apple Tree.' Yes mam, dey wuz sorry dat dey wuz free,
+an' dey ain't got no reason to be glad, case dey wuz happier den dan
+now.
+
+I'se hyard mammy tell 'bout how de niggers would sing as dey picked de
+cotton, but yo' ain't hyard none uv dat now. Den dey ain't had to worry
+'bout nothin'; now dey has ter study so much dat dey ain't happy nuff
+ter sing no mo'.
+
+"Does yo' know de cause of de war?" Aunt Alice went to a cupboard and
+returned holding out a book. "Well hyar's de cause, dis _Uncle Tom's
+Cabin_ wuz de cause of it all; an' its' de biggest lie what ever been
+gived ter de public."
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320157]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      341
+Subject:        WHEN THE YANKEES CAME
+Story Teller:   John Beckwith
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+WHEN THE YANKEES CAME
+
+An Interview with John Beckwith 83, of Cary.
+
+
+I reckon dat I wuz 'bout nine years old at de surrender, but we warn't
+happy an' we stayed on dar till my parents died. My pappy wuz named
+Green an' my mammy wuz named Molly, an' we belonged ter Mr. Joe Edwards,
+Mr. Marion Gully, an' Mr. Hilliard Beckwith, as de missus married all of
+'em. Dar wuz twenty-one other slaves, an' we got beat ever' onct in a
+while.
+
+When dey told us dat de Yankees wuz comin' we wuz also told dat iffen
+we didn't behave dat we'd be shot; an' we believed it. We would'uv
+behaved anyhow, case we had good plank houses, good food, an' shoes. We
+had Saturday an' Sunday off an' we wuz happy.
+
+De missus, she raised de nigger babies so's de mammies could wuck. I
+'members de times when she rock me ter sleep an' put me ter bed in her
+own bed. I wuz happy den as I thinks back of it, until dem Yankees
+come.
+
+Dey come on a Chuesday; an' dey started by burnin' de cotton house an'
+killin' most of de chickens an' pigs. Way atter awhile dey fin's de
+cellar an' dey drinks brandy till dey gits wobbly in de legs. Atter dat
+dey comes up on de front porch an' calls my missus. When she comes ter
+de do' dey tells her dat dey am goin' in de house ter look things over.
+My missus dejicts, case ole marster am away at de war, but dat doan do
+no good. Dey cusses her scan'lous an' dey dares her ter speak. Dey robs
+de house, takin' dere knives an' splittin' mattresses, pillows an' ever'
+thing open lookin' fer valerables, an' ole missus dasen't open her
+mouth.
+
+Dey camped dar in de grove fer two days, de officers takin' de house
+an' missus leavin' home an' goin' ter de neighbor's house. Dey make me
+stay dar in de house wid 'em ter tote dere brandy frum de cellar, an'
+ter make 'em some mint jelup. Well, on de secon' night dar come de wust
+storm I'se eber seed. De lightnin' flash, de thunder roll, an' de house
+shook an' rattle lak a earthquake had struck it.
+
+Dem Yankees warn't supposed ter be superstitious, but lemmie tell yo',
+dey wuz some skeered dat night; an' I hyard a Captain say dat de witches
+wuz abroad. Atter awhile lightnin' struck de Catawba tree dar at de side
+of de house an' de soldiers camped round about dat way marched off ter
+de barns, slave cabins an' other places whar dey wuz safter dan at dat
+place. De next mornin' dem Yankees moved frum dar an' dey ain't come
+back fer nothin'.
+
+We wuzn't happy at de surrender an' we cussed ole Abraham Lincoln all
+ober de place. We wuz told de disadvantages of not havin' no edercation,
+but shucks, we doan need no book larnin' wid ole marster ter look atter
+us.
+
+My mammy an' pappy stayed on dar de rest of dere lives, an' I stayed
+till I wuz sixteen. De Ku Klux Klan got atter me den' bout fightin' wid
+a white boy. Dat night I slipped in de woods an' de nex' day I went ter
+Raleigh. I got a job dar an' eber' since den I'se wucked fer myself, but
+now I can't wuck an' I wish dat yo' would apply fer my ole aged pension
+fer me.
+
+I went back ter de ole plantation long as my pappy, mammy, an' de
+marster an' missus lived. Sometimes, when I gits de chanct I goes back
+now. Course now de slave cabins am gone, ever' body am dead, an' dar
+ain't nothin' familiar 'cept de bent Catawba tree; but it 'minds me of
+de happy days.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320163]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      1,566
+Subject:        JOHN C. BECTOM
+Story Teller:   John C. Bectom
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 1 1937"]
+
+[HW: N. C.]
+
+JOHN C. BECTOM
+
+
+My name is John C. Bectom. I was born Oct. 7, 1862, near Fayetteville,
+Cumberland County, North Carolina. My father's name was Simon Bectom. He
+was 86 years of age when he died. He died in 1910 at Fayetteville, N. C.
+My mother's name was Harriet Bectom. She died in 1907, May 23, when she
+was seventy years old. My brother's were named Ed, Kato and Willie. I
+was third of the boys. My sisters were Lucy, Anne and Alice. My father
+first belonged to Robert Wooten of Craven County, N. C. Then he was sold
+by the Wootens to the Bectoms of Wayne County, near Goldsboro, the
+county seat. My mother first belonged to the McNeills of Cumberland
+County. Miss Mary McNeill married a McFadden, and her parents gave my
+mother to Mis' Mary. Mis' Mary's daughter in time married Ezekial King
+and my mother was then given to her by Mis' Mary McFadden, her mother.
+Mis' Lizzie McFadden became a King. My grandmother was named Lucy
+Murphy. She belonged to the Murpheys. All the slaves were given off to
+the children of the family as they married.
+
+My father and mother told me stories of how they were treated at
+different places. When my grandmother was with the Murpheys they would
+make her get up, and begin burning logs in new grounds before daybreak.
+They also made her plow, the same as any of the men on the plantation.
+They plowed till dusk-dark before they left the fields to come to the
+house. They were not allowed to attend any dances or parties unless they
+slipped off unknowin's. They had candy pullings sometimes too. While
+they would be there the patterollers would visit them. Sometimes the
+patterollers whipped all they caught at this place, all they set their
+hands on, unless they had a pass.
+
+They fed us mighty good. The food was well cooked. They gave the slaves
+an acre of ground to plant and they could sell the crop and have the
+money. The work on this acre was done on moonshiny nights and holidays.
+Sometimes slaves would steal the marster's chickens or a hog and slip
+off to another plantation and have it cooked. We had plenty of clothes,
+and one pair o' shoes a year. You had to take care of them because you
+only got one pair a year. They were given at Christmas every year. The
+clothes were made on the plantation.
+
+There were corn mills on the plantation, and rice mills, and threshing
+machines. The plantation had about 300 acres in farm land. The enclosure
+was three miles. My marster lived in a fine house. It took a year to
+build it. There were about 16 rooms in it. We slaves called it the great
+house. Some of the slaves ran away and finally reached Ohio. There was
+no jail on the plantation. Sometimes the overseer would whip us.
+
+The Kings had no overseers. King beat his slaves with a stick. I
+remember seeing him do this as well as I can see that house over there.
+He became blind. An owl scratched him in the face when he was trying to
+catch him, and his face got into sich a fix he went to Philadelphia for
+treatment, but they could not cure him. He finally went blind. I have
+seen him beat his slaves after he was blind. I remember it well. He beat
+'em with a stick. He was the most sensitive man you ever seed. He ran a
+store. After he was blind you could han' him a piece of money and he
+could tell you what it was.
+
+There were no churches on the plantation but prayer meeting' were held
+in the quarters. Slaves were not allowed to go to the white folk's
+church unless they were coach drivers, etc. No sir, not in that
+community. They taught the slaves the Bible. The children of the marster
+would go to private school. We small Negro children looked after the
+babies in the cradles and other young children. When the white children
+studied their lessons I studied with them. When they wrote in the sand I
+wrote in the sand too. The white children, and not the marster or
+mistress, is where I got started in learnin' to read and write.
+
+We had corn shuckings, candy pullings, dances, prayer meetings. We went
+to camp meetin' on Camp Meeting days in August when the crops were laid
+by. We played games of high jump, jumping over the pole held by two
+people, wrestling, leap frog, and jumping. We sang the songs, 'Go tell
+Aunt Patsy'. 'Some folks says a nigger wont steal, I caught six in my
+corn field' 'Run nigger run, the patteroller ketch you, Run nigger run
+like you did the other day'.
+
+When slaves got sick marster looked after them. He gave them blue mass
+and caster oil. Dr. McDuffy also treated us. Dr. McSwain vaccinated us
+for small pox. My sister died with it. When the slaves died marster
+buried them. They dug a grave with a tomb in it. I do not see any of
+them now. The slaves were buried in a plain box.
+
+The marsters married the slaves without any papers. All they did was to
+say perhaps to Jane and Frank, 'Frank, I pronounce you and Jane man and
+wife.' But the woman did not take the name of her husband, she kept the
+name of the family who owned her.
+
+I remember seeing the Yankees near Fayetteville. They shot a bomb shell
+at Wheeler's Calvary, and it hit near me and buried in the ground.
+Wheeler's Calvary came first and ramsaked the place. They got all the
+valuables they could, and burned the bridge, the covered bridge over
+Cape Fear river, but when the Yankees got there they had a pontoon
+bridge to cross on,--all those provision wagons and such. When they
+passed our place it was in the morning. They nearly scared me to death.
+They passed right by our door, Sherman's army. They began passing, so
+the white folks said, at 9 o'clock in the mornin'. At 9 o'clock at night
+they were passin' our door on foot. They said there were two hundred and
+fifty thousan' o' them passed. Some camped in my marster's old fiel'. A
+Yankee caught one of my marster's shoats and cut off one of the hind
+quarters, gave it to me, and told me to carry and give it to my mother.
+I was so small I could not tote it, so I drug it to her. I called her
+when I got in hollering distance of the house and she came and got it.
+The Yankees called us Johnnie, Dinah, Bill and other funny names. They
+beat their drums and sang songs. One of the Yankees sang 'Rock a Bye
+Baby'. At that time Jeff Davis money was plentiful. My mother had about
+$1000. It was so plentiful it was called Jeff Davis shucks. My mother
+had bought a pair of shoes, and had put them in a chest. A Yankee came
+and took the shoes and wore them off, leaving his in their place. They
+tol' us we were free. Sometimes the marster would get cruel to the
+slaves if they acted like they were free.
+
+Mat Holmes, a slave, was wearing a ball and chain as a punishment for
+running away. Marster Ezekial King put it on him. He has slept in the
+bed with me, wearing that ball and chain. The cuff had embedded in his
+leg, it was swollen so. This was right after the Yankees came through.
+It was March, the 9th of March, when the Yankees came through. Mat
+Holmes had run away with the ball and chain on him and was in the woods
+then. He hid out staying with us at night until August. Then my mother
+took him to the Yankee garrison at Fayetteville. A Yankee officer then
+took him to a black smith shop and had the ball and chain cut off his
+leg. The marsters would tell the slaves to go to work that they were not
+free, that they still belonged to them, but one would drop out and
+leave, then another. There was little work done on the farm, and
+finally most of the slaves learned they were free.
+
+Abraham Lincoln was one of the greatest men that ever lived. He was the
+cause of us slaves being free. No doubt about that. I didn't think
+anything of Jeff Davis. He tried to keep us in slavery. I think slavery
+was an injustice, not right. Our privilege is to live right, and live
+according to the teachings of the Bible, to treat our fellowman right.
+To do this I feel we should belong to some religious organization and
+live as near right as we know how.
+
+The overseers and patterollers in the time of slavery were called poor
+white trash by the slaves.
+
+On the plantations not every one, but some of the slave holders would
+have some certain slave women reserved for their own use. Sometimes
+children almost white would be born to them. I have seen many of these
+children. Sometimes the child would be said to belong to the overseer,
+and sometimes it would be said to belong to the marster.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320118]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      610
+Subject:        AUNT LAURA
+Story Teller:   LAURA BELL
+Editor:         Geo. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 6 1937"]
+
+AUNT LAURA
+
+An interview with Laura Bell, 73 years old, of 2 Bragg Street, Raleigh,
+North Carolina.
+
+
+Being informed that Laura Bell was an old slavery Negro, I went
+immediately to the little two-room shack with its fallen roof and shaky
+steps. As I approached the shack I noticed that the storm had done great
+damage to the chaney-berry tree in her yard, fallen limbs litterin' the
+ground, which was an inch deep in garbage and water.
+
+The porch was littered with old planks and huge tubs and barrels of
+stagnant water. There was only room for one chair and in that sat a tall
+Negro woman clad in burlap bags and in her lap she held a small white
+flea-bitten dog which growled meaningly.
+
+When I reached the gate, which swings on one rusty hinge, she bade me
+come in and the Carolina Power and Light Company men, who were at work
+nearby, laughed as I climbed over the limbs and garbage and finally
+found room for one foot on the porch and one on the ground.
+
+"I wus borned in Mount Airy de year 'fore de Yankees come, bein' de
+fourth of five chilluns. My mammy an' daddy Minerva Jane an' Wesley
+'longed ter Mr. Mack Strickland an' we lived on his big place near Mount
+Airy."
+
+"Mr. Mack wus good ter us, dey said. He give us enough ter eat an'
+plenty of time ter weave clothes fer us ter wear. I've hearn mammy tell
+of de corn shuckin's an' dances dey had an' 'bout some whuppin's too."
+
+"Marse Mack's overseer, I doan know his name, wus gwine ter whup my
+mammy onct, an' pappy do' he ain't neber make no love ter mammy comes up
+an' takes de whuppin' fer her. Atter dat dey cou'ts on Sadday an' Sunday
+an' at all de sociables till dey gits married."
+
+"I'se hearn her tell' bout how he axed Marse Mack iffen he could cou't
+mammy an' atter Marse Mack sez he can he axes her ter marry him."
+
+"She tells him dat she will an' he had 'em married by de preacher de nex'
+time he comes through dat country."
+
+"I growed up on de farm an' when I wus twelve years old I met Thomas
+Bell. My folks said dat I wus too young fer ter keep company so I had
+ter meet him 'roun' an' about fer seberal years, I think till I wus
+fifteen."
+
+"He axed me ter marry him while he wus down on de creek bank a fishin'
+an' I tol' him yes, but when he starts ter kiss me I tells him dat der's
+many a slip twixt de cup an' de lip an' so he has ter wait till we gits
+married."
+
+"We runned away de nex' Sadday an' wus married by a Justice of de Peace
+in Mount Airy."
+
+"Love ain't what hit uster be by a long shot," de ole woman reflected,
+"'Cause dar ain't many folks what loves all de time. We moved ter
+Raleigh forty years ago, an' Tom has been daid seberal years now. We had
+jest one chile but hit wus borned daid."
+
+"Chilluns ain't raised ter be clean lak we wus. I knows dat de house
+ain't so clean but I doan feel so much lak doin' nothin', I jest went on
+a visit 'bout seben blocks up de street dis mo'nin' an' so I doan feel
+lak cleanin' up none."
+
+I cut the interview short thereby missing more facts, as the odor was
+anything but pleasant and I was getting tired of standing in that one
+little spot.
+
+"Thank you for comin'", she called, and her dog growled again.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320111]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      1153
+Subject:        EMMA BLALOCK
+Story Teller:   Emma Blalock
+Editor:         Geo. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 6 1937"]
+
+EMMA BLALOCK
+88 years old
+529 Bannon Avenue
+Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+I shore do 'member de Yankees wid dere blue uniforms wid brass buttons
+on 'em. I wus too small to work any but I played in de yard wid my
+oldes' sister, Katie. She is dead long ago. My mother belonged to ole
+man John Griffith an' I belonged to him. His plantation wus down here at
+Auburn in Wake County. My father wus named Edmund Rand. He belonged to
+Mr. Nat Rand. He lived in Auburn. De plantations wus not fur apart. Dere
+wus about twenty-five slaves on de plantation whur mother an' me
+stayed.
+
+Marse John used ter take me on his knee an' sing, 'Here is de hammer,
+Shing ding. Gimme de Hammer, shing ding.' Marster loved de nigger
+chilluns on his plantation. When de war ended father come an' lived with
+us at Marse John's plantation. Marster John Griffith named me Emmy. My
+grandfather on my fathers side wus named Harden Rand, an' grandmother
+wus named Mason Rand. My grandfather on my mother's side wus named Antny
+Griffiths an' grandmother wus named Nellie.
+
+Our food wus a plenty and well cooked. Marster fed his niggers good. We
+had plenty of homespun dresses and we got shoes once a year, at
+Christmas Eve. I ken 'member it just as good. We got Christmas Holidays
+an' a stockin' full of candy an' peanuts. Sometimes we got ginger snaps
+at Christmas. My grandmother cooked' em. She wus a good cook. My
+mother's missus wus Miss Jetsy Griffith and my father's missus wus Lucy
+Rand. Dey wus both mighty good women. You know I am ole. I ken 'member
+all dem good white folks. Dey give us Fourth July Holidays. Dey come to
+town on dat day. Dey wore, let me tell you what dey wore, dey wore
+dotted waist blouses an' white pants. Dat wus a big day to ever'body, de
+Fourth of July. Dey begun singing at Auburn an' sung till dey reached
+Raleigh. Auburn is nine miles from Raleigh. Dere wus a lot of lemonade.
+Dey made light bread in big ovens an' had cheese to eat wid it. Some
+said just goin' on de fofe to git lemonade an' cheese.
+
+In the winter we had a lot of possums to eat an' a lot of rabbits too.
+At Christmas time de men hunted and caught plenty game. We barbecued it
+before de fire. I 'members seein' mother an' grandmother swinging
+rabbits 'fore de fire to cook 'em. Dey would turn an' turn 'em till dey
+wus done. Dey hung some up in de chimbly an' dry 'em out an' keep 'em a
+long time an' dat is de reason I won't eat a rabbit today. No Sir! I
+won't eat a rabbit. I seed 'em mess wid 'em so much turned me 'ginst
+eatin' 'em.
+
+I don't know how much lan' Marster John owned but, Honey, dat wus some
+plantation. It reached from Auburn to de Neuse River. Yes Sir, it did,
+'cause I been down dere in corn hillin' time an' we fished at twelve
+o'clock in Neuse River. Marster John had overseers. Dere wus six of 'em.
+Dey rode horses over de fields but I don't 'member dere names.
+
+I never seen a slave whupped but dey wus whupped on de plantation an' I
+heard de grown folks talkin' 'bout it. My uncles Nat an' Bert Griffiths
+wus both whupped. Uncle Nat would not obey his missus rules an' she had
+him whupped. Dey whupped Uncle Bert 'cause he stayed drunk so much. He
+loved his licker an' he got drunk an' cut up bad, den dey whupped him.
+You could git plenty whiskey den. Twon't like it is now. No sir, it
+won't. Whiskey sold fur ten cents a quart. Most ever' body drank it but
+you hardly ever seed a man drunk. Slaves wus not whupped for drinkin'.
+Dere Marsters give 'em whiskey but dey wus whupped for gittin' drunk.
+Dere wus a jail, a kind of stockade built of logs, on de farm to put
+slaves in when dey wouldn't mind. I never say any slave put on de block
+an' sold, but I saw Aunt Helen Rand cryin' because her Marster Nat Rand
+sold her boy, Fab Rand.
+
+No Sir, no readin' an' writin'. You had to work. Ha! ha! You let your
+marster or missus ketch you wid a book. Dat wus a strict rule dat no
+learnin' wus to be teached. I can't read an' write. If it wus not fur my
+mother wit don't know what would become of me. We had prayer meetings
+around at de slave houses. I 'member it well. We turned down pots on de
+inside of de house at de door to keep marster an' missus from hearin' de
+singin' an' prayin'. Marster an' his family lived in de great house an'
+de slave quarters wus 'bout two hundred yards away to the back of de
+great house. Dey wus arranged in rows. When de war ended we all stayed
+on wid de families Griffiths an' Rands till dey died, dat is all 'cept
+my father an' me. He lef' an' I lef'. I been in Raleigh forty-five
+years. I married Mack Blalock in Raleigh. He been dead seven years.
+
+My mother had two boys, Antny an' Wesley. She had four girls, Katie,
+Grissie, Mary Ella an' Emma. I had three chilluns, two are livin' yet.
+They both live in Raleigh.
+
+We had big suppers an' dinners at log rollin's an' corn shuckin's in
+slavery time ha! ha! plenty of corn licker for ever'body, both white an'
+black. Ever'body helped himself. Dr. Tom Busbee, one good ole white man,
+looked after us when we got sick, an' he could make you well purty
+quick, 'cause he wus good an' 'cause he wus sorry fer you. He wus a
+feelin' man. Course we took erbs. I tell you what I took. Scurrey grass,
+chana balls dey wus for worms. Scurrey grass worked you out. Dey give us
+winter green to clense our blood. We slaves an' a lot of de white folks
+drank sassafras tea in de place of coffee. We sweetened it wid brown
+sugar, honey, or molasses, just what we had in dat line. I think slavery
+wus a right good thing. Plenty to eat an' wear.
+
+When you gits a tooth pulled now it costs two dollars, don't it? Well
+in slavery time I had a tooth botherin' me. My mother say, Emma, take
+dis egg an' go down to Doctor Busbee an' give it to him an' git your
+tooth pulled. I give him one egg. He took it an' pulled my tooth. Try
+dat now, if you wants to an' see what happens. Yes, slavery wus a purty
+good thing.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320165]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          1430
+Subject:            Days on the Plantation
+Person Interviewed: Uncle David Blount
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 1 1937"]
+
+[HW: N. C. Good general story--]
+
+[HW: Good story
+Hates the Yankees
+boy beaten by overseer who is later discharged;
+slaves make pact with Yankees]
+
+DAYS ON THE PLANTATION
+
+As told by Uncle David Blount, formerly of Beaufort County, who did not
+know his age. "De Marster" he refers to was Major Wm. A. Blount, who
+owned plantations in several parts of North Carolina.
+
+
+Yes mam, de days on de plantation wuz de happy days. De marster made us
+wuck through de week but on Sadays we uster go swimmin' in de riber an'
+do a lot of other things dat we lak ter do.
+
+We didn't mind de wuck so much case de ground wuz soft as ashes an' de
+marster let us stop and rest when we got tired. We planted 'taters in de
+uplan's and co'n in de lowgroun's nex' de riber. It wuz on de Cape Fear
+an' on hot days when we wuz a-pullin' de fodder we'd all stop wuck 'bout
+three o'clock in de ebenin' an' go swimmin'. Atter we come out'n de
+water we would wuck harder dan eber an' de marster wuz good to us, case
+we did wuck an' we done what he ast us.
+
+I 'members onct de marster had a oberseer dar dat wuz meaner dan a mean
+nigger. He always hired good oberseers an' a whole lot of times he let
+some Negro slave obersee. Well, dis oberseer beat some of de half grown
+boys till de blood run down ter dar heels an' he tole de rest of us dat
+if we told on him dat he'd kill us. We don't dasen't ast de marster ter
+git rid of de man so dis went on fer a long time.
+
+It wuz cold as de debil one day an' dis oberseer had a gang of us
+a-clearin' new groun'. One boy ast if he could warm by de bresh heap. De
+oberseer said no, and atter awhile de boy had a chill. De oberseer don't
+care, but dat night de boy am a sick nigger. De nex' mornin' de marster
+gits de doctor, an' de doctor say dat de boy has got pneumonia. He tells
+'em ter take off de boys shirt an' grease him wid some tar, turpentine,
+an' kerosene, an' when dey starts ter take de shirt off dey fin's dat it
+am stuck.
+
+Dey had ter grease de shirt ter git it off case de blood whar de
+oberseer beat him had stuck de shirt tight ter de skin. De marster wuz
+in de room an' he axed de boy how come it, an' de boy tole him.
+
+De marster sorta turns white an' he says ter me, 'Will yo' go an' ast
+de oberseer ter stop hyar a minute, please?'
+
+When de oberseer comes up de steps he axes sorta sassy-like, 'What yo'
+want?'
+
+De marster says, 'Pack yo' things an' git off'n my place as fast as yo'
+can, yo' pesky varmit.'
+
+De oberseer sasses de marster some more, an' den I sees de marster
+fairly loose his temper for de first time. He don't say a word but he
+walks ober, grabs de oberseer by de shoulder, sets his boot right hard
+'ginst de seat of his pants an' sen's him, all drawed up, out in de
+yard on his face. He close up lak a umbrella for a minute den he pulls
+hisself all tergether an' he limps out'n dat yard an' we ain't neber
+seed him no more.
+
+No mam, dar wuzent no marryin' on de plantation dem days, an' as one
+ole 'oman raised all of de chilluns me an' my brother Johnnie ain't
+neber knowed who our folkses wuz. Johnnie wuz a little feller when de
+war ended, but I wuz in most of de things dat happen on de plantation
+fer a good while.
+
+One time dar, I done fergit de year, some white mens comes down de
+riber on a boat an' dey comes inter de fiel's an' talks ter a gang of us
+an' dey says dat our masters ain't treatin' us right. Dey tells us dat
+we orter be paid fer our wuck, an' dat we hadn't ort ter hab passes ter
+go anywhar. Dey also tells us dat we ort ter be allowed ter tote guns if
+we wants 'em. Dey says too dat sometime our marsters was gwine ter kill
+us all.
+
+I laughs at 'em, but some of dem fool niggers listens ter 'em; an' it
+'pears dat dese men gib de niggers some guns atter I left an' promised
+ter bring 'em some more de nex' week.
+
+I fin's out de nex' day 'bout dis an' I goes an' tells de marster. He
+sorta laughs an' scratches his head, 'Dem niggers am headed fer trouble,
+Dave, 'he says ter me, 'an I wants yo' ter help me.'
+
+I says, 'Yas sar, marster.'
+
+An' he goes on, 'Yo' fin's out when de rest of de guns comes Dave, an'
+let me know.'
+
+When de men brings back de guns I tells de marster, an' I also tells
+him dat dey wants ter hold er meetin'.
+
+'All right,' he says an' laughs, 'dey can have de meetin'. Yo' tell
+'em, Dave, dat I said dat dey can meet on Chuesday night in de pack
+house.'
+
+Chuesday ebenin' he sen's dem all off to de low groun's but me, an' he
+tells me ter nail up de shutters ter de pack house an' ter nail 'em up
+good.
+
+I does lak he tells me ter do an' dat night de niggers marches in an'
+sneaks dar guns in too. I is lyin' up in de loft an' I hyars dem say dat
+atter de meetin' dey is gwine ter go up ter de big house an' kill de
+whole fambly.
+
+I gits out of de winder an' I runs ter de house an tells de marster.
+Den me an' him an' de young marster goes out an' quick as lightnin', I
+slams de pack house door an' I locks it. Den de marster yells at dem,
+'I'se got men an' guns out hyar, he yells, 'an' if yo' doan throw dem
+guns out of de hole up dar in de loft, an' throw dem ebery one out I'se
+gwine ter stick fire ter dat pack house.'
+
+De niggers 'liberates for a few minutes an' den dey throws de guns out.
+I knows how many dey has got so I counts till dey throw dem all out, den
+I gathers up dem guns an' I totes 'em off ter de big house.
+
+Well sar, we keeps dem niggers shet up fer about a week on short
+rations; an' at de end of dat time dem niggers am kyored for good. When
+dey comes out dey had three oberseers 'stid of one, an' de rules am
+stricter dan eber before; an' den de marster goes off ter de war.
+
+I reckon I was 'bout fifteen or sixteen den; an' de marster car's me
+'long fer his pusonal sarvant an' body guard an' he leabes de rest of
+dem niggers in de fiel's ter wuck like de dickens while I laughs at dem
+Yankees.
+
+Jim belonged to Mr. Harley who lived in New Hanover County during de
+war, in fac' he was young Massa Harley's slave; so when young Massa Tom
+went to de war Jim went along too.
+
+Dey wuz at Manassas, dey tells me, when Massa Tom got kilt, and de
+orders wuz not to take no bodies off de field right den.
+
+Course ole massa down near Wilmington, doan know 'bout young Massa Tom,
+but one night dey hears Jim holler at de gate. Dey goes runnin' out; an'
+Jim has brung Massa Tom's body all dat long ways home so dat he can be
+buried in de family burian ground.
+
+De massa frees Jim dat night; but he stays on a time atter de war, an'
+tell de day he died he hated de Yankees for killing Massa Tom. In fact
+we all hated de Yankees, 'specially atter we hear 'bout starve dat first
+winter. I tried ter make a libin' fer me an' Johnnie but it was bad
+goin'; den I comes ter Raleigh an' I gits 'long better. Atter I gits
+settled I brings Johnnie, an' so we done putty good.
+
+Dat's all I can tell yo' now Miss, but if'n yo'll come back sometime
+I'll tell yo' de rest of de tales.
+
+Shortly after the above interview Uncle Dave who was failing fast was
+taken to the County Home, where he died. He was buried on May 4th, 1937,
+the rest of the tale remaining untold.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320185]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          459
+Subject:            Ex-Slave Story
+Person Interviewed: Clay Bobbit
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 17 1937"]
+
+EX-SLAVE STORY
+
+An interview with Clay Bobbit, 100 of S. Harrington Street, Raleigh,
+N. C., May 27, 1937.
+
+
+I wuz borned May 2, 1837 in Warren County to Washington an' Delisia
+Bobbit. Our Marster wuz named Richard Bobbit, but we all calls him Massa
+Dick.
+
+Massa Dick ain't good ter us, an' on my arm hyar, jist above de elbow
+am a big scar dis day whar he whupped me wid a cowhide. He ain't whupped
+me fer nothin' 'cept dat I is a nigger. I had a whole heap of dem
+whuppin's, mostly case I won't obey his orders an' I'se seed slaves beat
+'most ter deff.
+
+I wuz married onct 'fore de war by de broom stick ceremony, lak all de
+rest of de slaves wuz but shucks dey sold away my wife 'fore we'd been
+married a year an' den de war come on.
+
+I had one brother, Henry who am wuckin' fer de city, an' one sister
+what wuz named Deliah. She been daid dese many years now.
+
+Massa Dick owned a powerful big plantation an' ober a hundert slaves,
+an' we wucked on short rations an' went nigh naked. We ain't gone
+swimmin' ner huntin' ner nothin' an' we ain't had no pleasures 'less we
+runs away ter habe 'em. Eben when we sings we had ter turn down a pot in
+front of de do' ter ketch de noise.
+
+I knowed some pore white trash; our oberseer wuz one, an' de shim
+shams[3] wuz also nigh 'bout also. We ain't had no use fer none of 'em
+an' we shorely ain't carin' whe'her dey has no use fer us er not.
+
+De Ku Kluxes ain't done nothin' fer us case dar ain't many in our
+neighborhood. Yo' see de Yankees ain't come through dar, an' we is
+skeerd of dem anyhow. De white folks said dat de Yankees would kill us
+if'en dey ketched us.
+
+I ain't knowed nothin' 'bout de Yankees, ner de surrender so I stays on
+fer seberal months atter de wahr wuz ober, den I comes ter Raleigh an'
+goes ter wuck fer de city. I wucks fer de city fer nigh on fifty years,
+I reckon, an' jis' lately I retired.
+
+I'se been sick fer 'bout four months an' on, de second day of May. De
+day when I wuz a hundert years old I warn't able ter git ter de city
+lot, but I got a lot uv presents.
+
+Dis 'oman am my third lawful wife. I married her three years ago.[4]
+
+[Footnote 3: Shim Sham, Free Issues or Negroes of mixed blood.]
+
+[Footnote 4: The old man was too ill to walk out on the porch for his
+picture, and his mind wandered too much to give a connected account of
+his life.]
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320190]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      793
+Subject:        Ex-Slave Story
+Story Teller:   Henry Bobbitt
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+EX-SLAVE STORIES
+
+An interview with Henry Bobbitt, 87 of Raleigh, Wake County N. C. May 13,
+1937 by Mary A. Hicks.
+
+
+I wuz borned at Warrenton in Warren County in 1850. My father wuz named
+Washington, atter General Washington an' my mamma wuz named Diasia atter
+a woman in a story. Us an' 'bout forty or fifty other slaves belonged
+ter Mr. Richard Bobbitt an' we wucked his four hundred acres o' land fer
+him. I jist had one brother named Clay, atter Henry Clay, which shows
+how Massa Dick voted, an' Delilah, which shows dat ole missus read de
+Bible.
+
+We farmed, makin' tobacco, cotton, co'n, wheat an' taters. Massa Dick
+had a whole passel o' fine horses an' our Sunday job wuz ter take care
+of 'em, an' clean up round de house. Yes mam, we wucked seben days a
+week, from sunup till sundown six days, an' from seben till three or
+four on a Sunday.
+
+We didn't have many tear-downs an' prayer meetin's an' sich, case de
+fuss sturbed ole missus who wuz kinder sickly. When we did have sompin'
+we turned down a big wash-pot in front of de do', an' it took up de fuss,
+an' folkses in de yard can't hyar de fuss. De patterollers would git
+you iffen you went offen de premises widout a pass, an' dey said dat dey
+would beat you scandelous. I seed a feller dat dey beat onct an' he had
+scars as big as my fingers all ober his body.
+
+I got one whuppin' dat I 'members, an' dat wuz jist a middlin' one. De
+massa told me ter pick de cotton an' I sot down in de middle an' didn't
+wuck a speck. De oberseer come an' he frailed me wid a cotton-stalk; he
+wuz a heap meaner ter de niggers dan Massa Dick wuz. I saw some niggers
+what wuz beat bad, but I ain't neber had no bad beatin'.
+
+We libed in log houses wid sand floors an' stick an' dirt chimneys an'
+we warn't 'lowed ter have no gyarden, ner chickens, ner pigs. We ain't
+had no way o' makin' money an' de fun wuz only middlin'. We had ter
+steal what rabbits we et from somebody elses [TR correction: else's]
+boxes on some udder plantation, case de massa won't let us have none o'
+our own, an' we ain't had no time ter hunt ner fish.
+
+Now talkin' 'bout sompin' dat we'd git a whuppin' fer, dat wuz fer
+havin' a pencil an' a piece of paper er a slate. Iffen you jist looked
+lak you wanted ter larn ter read er write you got a lickin'.
+
+Dar wuz two colored women lived nigh us an' dey wuz called "free
+issues," but dey wuz really witches. I ain't really seen 'em do nothin'
+but I hyard a whole lot 'bout 'em puttin' spells on folkses an' I seed
+tracks whar day had rid Massa Dick's hosses an' eber mo'nin' de hosses
+manes an' tails would be all twisted an' knotted up. I know dat dey done
+dat case I seed it wid my own eyes. Dey doctored lots of people an' our
+folkses ain't neber had no doctor fer nothin' dat happen.
+
+You wuz axin' 'bout de slave sales, an' I want ter tell you dat I has
+seen some real sales an' I'se seed niggers, whole bunches of' em, gwin'
+ter Richmond ter be sold. Dey wuz mostly chained, case dey wuz new ter
+de boss, an' he doan know what ter 'spect. I'se seed some real sales in
+Warrenton too, an' de mammies would be sold from deir chilluns an' dare
+would be a whole heap o' cryin' an' mou'nin' 'bout hit. I tell you
+folkses ain't lak dey uster be, 'specially niggers. Uster be when a
+nigger cries he whoops an' groans an' hollers an' his whole body rocks,
+an' dat am de way dey done sometime at de sales.
+
+Speakin' 'bout haints: I'se seed a whole lot o' things, but de worst
+dat eber happen wuz 'bout twenty years ago when a han'ts hand hit me
+side o' de haid. I bet dat hand weighed a hundred pounds an' it wuz as
+cold as ice. I ain't been able ter wuck fer seben days an' nights an' I
+still can't turn my haid far ter de left as you sees.
+
+I reckon 'bout de funniest thing 'bout our plantation wuz de
+marryin'. A couple got married by sayin' dat dey wuz, but it couldn't
+last fer longer dan five years. Dat wuz so iffen one of 'em got too
+weakly ter have chilluns de other one could git him another wife or
+husban'.
+
+I 'members de day moughty well when de Yankees come. Massa Dick he
+walked de floor an' cussed Sherman fer takin' his niggers away. All o'
+de niggers lef', of course, an' me, I walked clean ter Raleigh ter find
+out if I wuz really free, an' I couldn't unnerstan' half of it.
+
+Well de first year I slept in folkses woodhouses an' barns an' in de
+woods or any whar else I could find. I wucked hyar an' dar, but de
+folkses' jist give me sompin' ter eat an' my clothes wuz in strings'
+fore de spring o' de year.
+
+Yo' axes me what I thinks of Massa Lincoln? Well, I thinks dat he wuz
+doin' de wust thing dat he could ter turn all dem fool niggers loose
+when dey ain't got no place ter go an' nothin' ter eat. Who helped us
+out den? Hit wuzn't de Yankees, hit wuz de white folkses what wuz left
+wid deir craps in de fiel's, an' wuz robbed by dem Yankees, ter boot. My
+ole massa, fur instance, wuz robbed uv his fine hosses an' his feed
+stuff an' all dem kaigs o' liquor what he done make hisself, sides his
+money an' silver.
+
+Slavery wuz a good thing den, but de world jist got better an'
+outgrowed it.
+
+EH
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320235]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      863
+Subject:        HERNDON BOGAN
+Story Teller:   Herndon Bogan
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+HERNDON BOGAN
+
+Ex-Slave Story
+
+An interview with Herndon Bogan, 76 (?) of State Prison, Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+I wus bawned in Union County, South Carolina on de plantation o' Doctor
+Bogan, who owned both my mammy Issia, an' my pap Edwin. Dar wus six o'
+us chilluns; Clara, Lula, Joe, Tux, Mack an' me.
+
+I doan' member much 'bout slavery days 'cept dat my white folkses wus
+good ter us. Dar wus a heap o' slaves, maybe a hundert an' fifty. I
+'members dat we wucked hard, but we had plenty ter eat an' w'ar, eben
+iffen we did w'ar wood shoes.
+
+I kin barely recolleck 'fore de war dat I'se seed a heap o' cocks
+fightin' in pits an' a heap o' horse racin'. When de marster winned he
+'ud give us niggers a big dinner or a dance, but if he lost, oh!
+
+My daddy wus gived ter de doctor when de doctor wus married an' dey
+shore loved each other. One day marster, he comes in an' he sez dat de
+Yankees am aimin' ter try ter take his niggers way from him, but dat dey
+am gwine ter ketch hell while dey does hit. When he sez dat he starts
+ter walkin' de flo'. 'I'se gwine ter leave yore missus in yore keer,
+Edwin,' he sez.
+
+But pa 'lows, 'Wid all respec' fer yore wife sar, she am a Yankee too,
+an' I'd ruther go wid you ter de war. Please sar, massa, let me go wid
+you ter fight dem Yanks.'
+
+At fust massa 'fuses, den he sez, 'All right.' So off dey goes ter de
+war, massa on a big hoss, an' my pap on a strong mule 'long wid de
+blankets an' things.
+
+Dey tells me dat ole massa got shot one night, an' dat pap grabs de gun
+'fore hit hits de earth an' lets de Yanks have hit.
+
+I 'members dat dem wus bad days fer South Carolina, we gived all o' de
+food ter de soldiers, an' missus, eben do' she has got some Yankee folks
+in de war, l'arns ter eat cabbages an' kush an' berries.
+
+I 'members dat on de day of de surrender, leastways de day dat we hyard
+'bout hit, up comes a Yankee an' axes ter see my missus. I is shakin', I
+is dat skeerd, but I bucks up an' I tells him dat my missus doan want
+ter see no blue coat.
+
+He grins, an' tells me ter skedaddle, an' 'bout den my missus comes out
+an' so help me iffen she doan hug dat dratted Yank. Atter awhile I
+gathers dat he's her brother, but at fust I ain't seed no sense in her
+cryin' an' sayin' 'thank God', over an' over.
+
+Well sar, de massa an' pap what had gone off mad an' healthy an' ridin'
+fine beastes comes back walkin' an' dey looked sick. Massa am white as
+cotton, an' so help me, iffen my pap, who wuz black as sin, ain't pale
+too.
+
+Atter a few years I goes ter wuck in Spartanburg as a houseboy, den I
+gits a job wid de Southern Railroad an' I goes ter Charlotte ter
+night-watch de tracks.
+
+I stays dar eighteen years, but one night I kills a white hobo who am
+tryin' ter rob me o' my gol' watch an' chain, an' dey gives me eighteen
+months. I'se been hyar six already. He wus a white man, an' jist a boy,
+an' I is sorry, but I comes hyar anyhow.
+
+I hyard a ole 'oman in Charlotte tell onct 'bout witchin' in slavery
+times, dar in Mecklenburg County. She wus roun' ninety, so I reckon she
+knows. She said dat iffen anybody wanted ter be a witch he would draw a
+circle on de groun' jist at de aidge o' dark an' git in de circle an'
+squat down.
+
+Dar he had ter set an' talk ter de debil, an' he mus' say, 'I will have
+nothin' ter do wid 'ligion, an' I wants you ter make me a witch.' Atter
+day he mus' bile a black cat, a bat an' a bunch of herbs an' drink de
+soup, den he wuz really a witch.
+
+When you wanted ter witch somebody, she said dat you could take dat
+stuff, jist a little bit of hit an' put hit under dat puson's doorsteps
+an' dey'd be sick.
+
+You could go thru' de key hole or down de chimney or through de chinks
+in a log house, an' you could ride a puson jist lak ridin' a hoss. Dat
+puson can keep you outen his house by layin' de broom 'fore de do' an'
+puttin' a pin cushion full of pins side of de bed do', iffen he's a mind
+to.
+
+Dat puson can kill you too, by drawin' yore pitcher an' shootin' hit in
+de haid or de heart too.
+
+Dar's a heap o' ways ter tell fortunes dat she done tol' me but I'se
+done forgot now 'cept coffee groun's an' a little of de others. You
+can't tell hit wid 'em do', case hit takes knowin' how, hit shore
+does.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320022]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      1,741
+Subject:        ANDREW BOONE
+Story Teller:   Andrew Boone
+Editor:         G. L. Andrews
+
+ANDREW BOONE
+age 90 years.
+
+Wake County, North Carolina. Harris Farm.
+
+
+I been living in dese backer barns fifteen years. I built this little
+shelter to cook under. Dey cut me off the WPA cause dey said I wus too
+ole to work. Dey tole us ole folks we need not put down our walkin'
+sticks to git work cause dey jes' won't goin' to put us on.
+
+Well, I had some tomatoes cooked widout any grease for my breakfast. I
+had a loaf of bread yesterday, but I et it. I ain't got any check from
+the ole age pension an' I have nothin' to eat an' I am hongry. I jes'
+looks to God. I set down by de road thinkin' bout how to turn an' what
+to do to git a meal, when you cum along. I thanks you fer dis dime. I
+guess God made you give it to me.
+
+I wus glad to take you down to my livin' place to give you my story.
+Dis shelter, an ole tobacco barn, is better dan no home at all. I is a
+man to myself an' I enjoy livin' out here if I could git enough to eat.
+
+Well de big show is coming to town. It's de Devil's wurk. Yes sir, it's
+de Devil's wurk. Why dem show folks ken make snakes an' make 'em crawl
+too. Dere wus one in Watson Field in de edge of Raleigh not long ago an'
+he made snakes an' made 'em crawl too. All shows is de Devil's wurk.
+
+I never done anything fer myself in all my life. I always wurked fer de
+Rebels. I stuck right to 'em. Didn't have no sense fer doin' dat I
+guess.
+
+One time a Rebel saw a Yankee wid one eye, one leg an' one arm. De
+Yankee wus beggin'. De Rebel went up to him an' give him a quarter. Den
+he backed off an' jes' stood a-lookin' at de Yankee, presently he went
+back an' give him anudder quarter, den anudder, den he said, 'You take
+dis whole dollar, you is de first Yankee I eber seed trimmed up jes' to
+my notion, so take all dis, jes' take de whole dollar, you is trimmed up
+to my notion'.
+
+I belonged to Billy Boone in Slavery time. He wus a preacher. He lived
+on an' owned a plantation in Northampton County. The plantation wus near
+woodland. The nearest river to the place wus the Roanoke. My ole missus'
+name wus Nancy. When ole marster died I stayed around wid fust one then
+another of the chilluns, cause marster tole me jes' fore he died fer me
+to stay wid any of 'em I wanted to stay with. All dem ole people done
+dead an' gone on.
+
+Niggers had to go through thick an' thin in slavery time, with rough
+rations most of de time, wid jes' enough clothin' to make out wid. Our
+houses were built of logs an' covered wid slabs. Dey wus rived out of
+blocks of trees about 3-6 and 8ft in length. De chimleys wus built of
+sticks and mud, den a coat of clay mud daubed over 'em. De cracks in de
+slave houses wus daubed wid mud too.
+
+We wurked from sun to sun. If we had a fire in cold weather where we
+wus wurkin' marster or de overseer would come an' put it out. We et
+frozen meat an' bread many times in cold weather. After de day's wurk in
+de fields wus over we had a task of pickin' de seed from cotton till we
+had two ounces of lint or spin two ounces of cotton on a spinnin' wheel.
+I spun cotton on a spinnin' wheel. Dats de way people got clothes in
+slavery time.
+
+I can't read an' write but dey learned us to count. Dey learned us to
+count dis way. 'Ought is an' ought, an' a figger is a figger, all for de
+white man an' nothin' fer de nigger'. Hain't you heard people count dat
+way?
+
+Dey sold slaves jes' like people sell hosses now. I saw a lot of slaves
+sold on de auction block. Dey would strip 'em stark naked. A nigger
+scarred up or whaled an' welted up wus considered a bad nigger an' did
+not bring much. If his body wus not scarred, he brought a good price. I
+saw a lot of slaves whupped an' I was whupped myself. Dey whupped me wid
+de cat o' nine tails. It had nine lashes on it. Some of de slaves wus
+whupped wid a cabbin paddle. Dey had forty holes in' em an' when you wus
+buckled to a barrel dey hit your naked flesh wid de paddle an' every
+whur dere wus a hole in de paddle it drawed a blister. When de whuppin'
+wid de paddle wus over, dey took de cat o' nine tails an' busted de
+blisters. By dis time de blood sometimes would be runnin' down dere
+heels. Den de next thing wus a wash in salt water strong enough to hold
+up an egg. Slaves wus punished dat way fer runnin' away an' sich.
+
+If you wus out widout a pass dey would shore git you. De paterollers
+shore looked after you. Dey would come to de house at night to see who
+wus there. If you wus out of place, dey would wear you out.
+
+Sam Joyner, a slave, belonged to marster. He wus runnin' from de
+paterollers an' he fell in a ole well. De pateroller went after marster.
+Marster tole' em to git ole Sam out an' whup him jes' as much as dey
+wanted to. Dey got him out of de well an' he wus all wet an' muddy. Sam
+began takin' off his shoes, den he took off his pants an' got in his
+shirt tail. Marster, he say, 'What you takin' off you clothes fer Sam?'
+Sam, he say, 'Marster, you know you all can't whup dis nigger right over
+all dese wet clothes.' Den Sam lit out. He run so fas' he nearly flew.
+De paterollers got on dere hosses an' run him but dey could not ketch
+him. He got away. Marster got Sam's clothes an' carried 'em to de house.
+Sam slipped up next morning put his clothes on an' marster said no more
+about it.
+
+I wus a great big boy when de Yankees come through. I wus drivin' a two
+mule team an' doin' other wurk on de farm. I drove a two hoss wagon when
+dey carried slaves to market. I went to a lot of different places.
+
+My marster wus a preacher, Billy Boone. He sold an' bought niggers. He
+had fifty or more. He wurked the grown niggers in two squads. My father
+wus named Isham Boone and my mother wus Sarah Boone. Marster Boone
+whupped wid de cobbin paddle an' de cat o' nine tails an' used the salt
+bath an' dat wus 'nough. Plenty besides him whupped dat way.
+
+Marster had one son, named Solomon, an' two girls, Elsie an' Alice. My
+mother had four children, three boys an' one girl. The boys were named
+Sam, Walter and Andrew, dats me, an' de girl wus Cherry.
+
+My father had several children cause he had several women besides
+mother. Mollie and Lila Lassiter, two sisters, were also his women.
+Dese women wus given to him an' no udder man wus allowed to have
+anything to do wid 'em. Mollie an' Lila both had chilluns by him. Dere
+names wus Jim, Mollie, Liza, Rosa, Pete an' I can't remember no more of
+'em.
+
+De Yankees took jes' what dey wanted an' nothin' stopped 'em, cause de
+surrender had come. Before de surrender de slave owners begun to scatter
+de slaves 'bout from place to place to keep de Yankees from gittin' 'em.
+If de Yankees took a place de slaves nearby wus moved to a place further
+off.
+
+All I done wus fer de Rebels. I wus wid 'em an' I jes' done what I wus
+tole. I wus afraid of de Yankees 'cause de Rebels had told us dat de
+Yankees would kill us. Dey tole us dat de Yankees would bore holes in
+our shoulders an' wurk us to carts. Dey tole us we would be treated a
+lot worser den dey wus treating us. Well, de Yankees got here but they
+treated us fine. Den a story went round an' round dat de marster would
+have to give de slaves a mule an' a year's provisions an' some lan',
+about forty acres, but dat was not so. Dey nebber did give us anything.
+When de war ended an' we wus tole we wus free, we stayed on wid marster
+cause we had nothin' an' nowhere to go.
+
+We moved about from farm to farm. Mother died an' father married Maria
+Edwards after de surrender. He did not live wid any of his other slave
+wives dat I knows of.
+
+I have wurked as a han' on de farm most of de time since de surrender
+and daddy worked most of de time as a han', but he had gardens an'
+patches most everywhere he wurked. I wurked in New York City for fifteen
+years with Crawford and Banhay in de show business. I advertised for
+'em. I dressed in a white suit, white shirt, an' white straw hat, and
+wore tan shoes. I had to be a purty boy. I had to have my shoes shined
+twice a day. I lived at 18 Manilla Lane, New York City. It is between
+McDougall Street and 6th Avenue. I married Clara Taylor in New York
+City. We had two children. The oldest one lives in New York. The other
+died an' is buried in Raleigh.
+
+In slavery time they kept you down an' you had to wurk, now I can't
+wurk, an' I am still down. Not allowed to wurk an' still down. It's all
+hard, slavery and freedom, both bad when you can't eat. The ole bees
+makes de honey comb, the young bee makes de honey, niggers makes de
+cotton an' corn an' de white folks gets de money. Dis wus de case in
+Slavery time an' its de case now. De nigger do mos' de hard wurk on de
+farms now, and de white folks still git de money dat de nigger's labor
+makes.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+STATE EDITORIAL IDENTIFICATION FORM     [320002]
+
+STATE:         North Carolina
+RECEIVED FROM: (State office) Asheville
+MS:            Interview with W. L. Bost, Ex-Slave.
+WORDS:         2,000
+DATE:          Sept. 27, 1937
+
+Interview with W. L. Bost, Ex-slave [HW: 88 years]
+63 Curve Street,
+Asheville, N. C.
+
+By--Marjorie Jones
+
+
+My Massa's name was Jonas Bost. He had a hotel in Newton, North
+Carolina. My mother and grandmother both belonged to the Bost family. My
+ole Massa had two large plantations one about three miles from Newton
+and another four miles away. It took a lot of niggers to keep the work a
+goin' on them both. The women folks had to work in the hotel and in the
+big house in town. Ole Missus she was a good woman. She never allowed
+the Massa to buy or sell any slaves. There never was an overseer on the
+whole plantation. The oldest colored man always looked after the
+niggers. We niggers lived better than the niggers on the other
+plantations.
+
+Lord child, I remember when I was a little boy, 'bout ten years, the
+speculators come through Newton with droves of slaves. They always stay
+at our place. The poor critters nearly froze to death. They always come
+'long on the last of December so that the niggers would be ready for
+sale on the first day of January. Many the time I see four or five of
+them chained together. They never had enough clothes on to keep a cat
+warm. The women never wore anything but a thin dress and a petticoat and
+one underwear. I've seen the ice balls hangin' on to the bottom of their
+dresses as they ran along, jes like sheep in a pasture 'fore they are
+sheared. They never wore any shoes. Jes run along on the ground, all
+spewed up with ice. The speculators always rode on horses and drove the
+pore niggers. When they get cold, they make 'em run 'til they are warm
+again.
+
+The speculators stayed in the hotel and put the niggers in the quarters
+jes like droves of hogs. All through the night I could hear them
+mournin' and prayin'. I didn't know the Lord would let people live who
+were so cruel. The gates were always locked and they was a guard on the
+outside to shoot anyone who tried to run away. Lord miss, them slaves
+look jes like droves of turkeys runnin' along in front of them horses.
+
+I remember when they put 'em on the block to sell 'em. The ones 'tween
+18 and 30 always bring the most money. The auctioneer he stand off at a
+distance and cry 'em off as they stand on the block. I can hear his
+voice as long as I live.
+
+If the one they going to sell was a young Negro man this is what he say:
+"Now gentlemen and fellow-citizens here is a big black buck Negro. He's
+stout as a mule. Good for any kin' o' work an' he never gives any
+trouble. How much am I offered for him?" And then the sale would
+commence, and the nigger would be sold to the highest bidder.
+
+If they put up a young nigger woman the auctioneer cry out: "Here's a
+young nigger wench, how much am I offered for her?" The pore thing
+stand on the block a shiverin' an' a shakin' nearly froze to death. When
+they sold many of the pore mothers beg the speculators to sell 'em with
+their husbands, but the speculator only take what he want. So meybe the
+pore thing never see her husban' agin.
+
+Ole' Massa always see that we get plenty to eat. O' course it was no
+fancy rashions. Jes corn bread, milk, fat meat, and 'lasses but the Lord
+knows that was lots more than other pore niggers got. Some of them had
+such bad masters.
+
+Us pore niggers never 'lowed to learn anything. All the readin' they
+ever hear was when they was carried through the big Bible. The Massa say
+that keep the slaves in they places. They was one nigger boy in Newton
+who was terrible smart. He learn to read an' write. He take other
+colored children out in the fields and teach 'em about the Bible, but
+they forgit it 'fore the nex' Sunday.
+
+Then the paddyrollers they keep close watch on the pore niggers so they
+have no chance to do anything or go anywhere. They jes' like policemen,
+only worser. 'Cause they never let the niggers go anywhere without a
+pass from his master. If you wasn't in your proper place when the
+paddyrollers come they lash you til' you was black and blue. The women
+got 15 lashes and the men 30. That is for jes bein' out without a pass.
+If the nigger done anything worse he was taken to the jail and put in
+the whippin' post. They was two holes cut for the arms stretch up in
+the air and a block to put your feet in, then they whip you with cowhide
+whip. An' the clothes shore never get any of them licks.
+
+I remember how they kill one nigger whippin' him with the bull whip.
+Many the pore nigger nearly killed with the bull whip. But this one die.
+He was a stubborn Negro and didn't do as much work as his Massa thought
+he ought to. He been lashed lot before. So they take him to the whippin'
+post, and then they strip his clothes off and then the man stan' off and
+cut him with the whip. His back was cut all to pieces. The cuts about
+half inch apart. Then after they whip him they tie him down and put salt
+on him. Then after he lie in the sun awhile they whip him agin. But when
+they finish with him he was dead.
+
+Plenty of the colored women have children by the white men. She know
+better than to not do what he say. Didn't have much of that until the
+men from South Carolina come up here and settle and bring slaves. Then
+they take them very same children what have they own blood and make
+slaves out of them. If the Missus find out she raise revolution. But she
+hardly find out. The white men not going to tell and the nigger women
+were always afraid to. So they jes go on hopin' that thing won't be that
+way always.
+
+I remember how the driver, he was the man who did most of the whippin',
+use to whip some of the niggers. He would tie their hands together and
+then put their hands down over their knees, then take a stick and stick
+it 'tween they hands and knees. Then when he take hold of them and beat
+'em first on one side then on the other.
+
+Us niggers never have chance to go to Sunday School and church. The
+white folks feared for niggers to get any religion and education, but I
+reckon somethin' inside jes told us about God and that there was a
+better place hereafter. We would sneak off and have prayer meetin'.
+Sometimes the paddyrollers catch us and beat us good but that didn't
+keep us from tryin'. I remember one old song we use to sing when we meet
+down in the woods back of the barn. My mother she sing an' pray to the
+Lord to deliver us out o' slavery. She always say she thankful she was
+never sold from her children, and that our Massa not so mean as some of
+the others. But the old song it went something like this:
+
+     "Oh, mother lets go down, lets go down, lets go down, lets go down.
+     Oh, mother lets go down, down in the valley to pray.
+     As I went down in the valley to pray
+     Studyin' about that good ole way
+     Who shall wear that starry crown.
+     Good Lord show me the way."
+
+Then the other part was just like that except it said 'father' instead
+of 'mother', and then 'sister' and then 'brother'.
+
+Then they sing sometime:
+
+     "We camp a while in the wilderness, in the wilderness, in the
+        wilderness.
+     We camp a while in the wilderness, where the Lord makes me happy
+     And then I'm a goin' home."
+
+I don't remember much about the war. There was no fightin' done in
+Newton. Jes a skirmish or two. Most of the people get everything jes
+ready to run when the Yankee sojers come through the town. This was
+toward the las' of the war. Cose the niggers knew what all the fightin'
+was about, but they didn't dare say anything. The man who owned the
+slaves was too mad as it was, and if the niggers say anything they get
+shot right then and thar. The sojers tell us after the war that we get
+food, clothes, and wages from our Massas else we leave. But they was
+very few that ever got anything. Our ole Massa say he not gwine pay us
+anything, corse his money was no good, but he wouldn't pay us if it had
+been.
+
+Then the Ku Klux Klan come 'long. They were terrible dangerous. They
+wear long gowns, touch the ground. They ride horses through the town at
+night and if they find a Negro that tries to get nervy or have a little
+bit for himself, they lash him nearly to death and gag him and leave him
+to do the bes' he can. Some time they put sticks in the top of the tall
+thing they wear and then put an extra head up there with scary eyes and
+great big mouth, then they stick it clear up in the air to scare the
+poor Negroes to death.
+
+They had another thing they call the 'Donkey Devil' that was jes as bad.
+They take the skin of a donkey and get inside of it and run after the
+pore Negroes. Oh, Miss them was bad times, them was bad times. I know
+folks think the books tell the truth, but they shore don't. Us pore
+niggers had to take it all.
+
+Then after the war was over we was afraid to move. Jes like tarpins or
+turtles after 'mancipation. Jes stick our heads out to see how the land
+lay. My mammy stay with Marse Jonah for 'bout a year after freedom then
+ole Solomon Hall made her an offer. Ole man Hall was a good man if there
+ever was one. He freed all of his slaves about two years 'fore
+'mancipation and gave each of them so much money when he died, that is
+he put that in his will. But when he die his sons and daughters never
+give anything to the pore Negroes. My mother went to live on the place
+belongin' to the nephew of Solomon Hall. All of her six children went
+with her. Mother she cook for the white folks an' the children make
+crop. When the first year was up us children got the first money we had
+in our lives. My mother certainly was happy.
+
+We live on this place for over four years. When I was 'bout twenty year
+old I married a girl from West Virginia but she didn't live but jes
+'bout a year. I stayed down there for a year or so and then I met
+Mamie. We came here and both of us went to work, we work at the same
+place. We bought this little piece of ground 'bout forty-two years ago.
+We gave $125 for it. We had to buy the lumber to build the house a
+little at a time but finally we got the house done. Its been a good home
+for us and the children. We have two daughters and one adopted son. Both
+of the girls are good cooks. One of them lives in New Jersey and cooks
+in a big hotel. She and her husband come to see us about once a year.
+The other one is in Philadelphia. They both have plenty. But the adopted
+boy, he was part white. We took him when he was a small and did the best
+we could by him. He never did like to 'sociate with colored people. I
+remember one time when he was a small child I took him to town and the
+conductor made me put him in the front of the street car cause he
+thought I was just caring for him and that he was a white boy. Well, we
+sent him to school until he finished. Then he joined the navy. I ain't
+seem him in several years. The last letter I got from him he say he
+ain't spoke to a colored girl since he has been there. This made me mad
+so I took his insurance policy and cashed it. I didn't want nothin' to
+do with him, if he deny his own color.
+
+Very few of the Negroes ever get anywhere; they never have no education.
+I knew one Negro who got to be a policeman in Salisbury once and he was
+a good one too. When my next birthday comes in December I will be
+eighty-eight years old. That is if the Lord lets me live and I shore
+hope He does.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 3                   [320279]
+Worker:         Travis Jordan
+Subject:        Mary Wallace Bowe
+                 Ex-slave 81 Years
+                 Durham County Home
+                 Durham, N. C.
+
+[HW: Lovely story about Abraham Lincoln]
+
+[TR: This interview was heavily corrected by hand. i.e. wuz to was, er
+to a, etc. Changes made without comment.]
+
+MARY WALLACE BOWE
+Ex-slave 81 years
+
+
+My name is Mary Wallace Bowe. I was nine years ole at de surrender.
+
+My mammy an' pappy, Susan an' Lillman Graves, first belonged to Marse
+Fountain an' Mis' Fanny Tu'berville, but Marse Fountain sold me, my
+mammy an' my brother George to Mis' Fanny's sister, Mis' Virginia
+Graves. Mis' Virginia's husban' was Marse Doctor Graves. Dey lived on de
+ole Elijah Graves estate not far from Marse Fountain's plantation here
+in Durham county, an' Mis' Virginia an' Mis' Fanny seed each other near
+'bout every day.
+
+I was little when Marse Fountain an' Marse Doctor went to de war but I
+remembers it. I remembers it kaze Mis' Fanny stood on de po'ch smilin'
+an' wavin' at Marse Fountain 'til he went 'roun' de curve in de road,
+den she fell to de floor like she was dead. I thought she was dead 'till
+Mis' Virginia th'owed some water in her face an' she opened her eyes.
+
+De nex day Mis' Virginia took me an' mammy an' we all went over an'
+stayed wid Mis' Fanny kaze she was skeered, an' so dey'd be company for
+each other. Mammy waited on Mis' Virginia an' he'ped Surella
+Tu'berville, Mis' Fanny's house girl, sweep an' make up de beds an'
+things. I was little but mammy made me work. I shook de rugs, brung in
+de kindlin' an run 'roun' waitin' on Mis' Virginia an' Mis' Fanny, doin'
+things like totin' dey basket of keys, bringin' dey shawls and such as
+dat. Dey was all de time talkin' about de folks fightin' an' what dey
+would do if de Yankees come.
+
+Every time dey talk Mis' Fanny set an' twist her han's an' say: "What is
+we gwine do, Sister, what is we gwine do?"
+
+Mis' Virginia try to pacify Mis' Fanny. She say, 'Don' yo' worry none,
+Honey, I'll fix dem Yankees when dey come.' Den she set her mouf. When
+she done dat I run an' hid behin' Mis' Fanny's chair kaze I done seed
+Mis' Virginia set her mouf befo' an' I knowed she meant biznes'.
+
+I didn' have sense enough to be skeered den kaze I hadn' never seed no
+Yankee sojers, but 'twaren't long befo' I wuz skeered. De Yankees come
+one mornin', an' dey ripped, Oh, Lawd, how dey did rip. When dey rode up
+to de gate an' come stompin' to de house, Mis' Fanny 'gun to cry. 'Tell
+dem somethin', Sister, tell dem somethin'; she tole Mis' Virginia.
+
+Mis' Virginia she ain' done no cryin'. When she seed dem Yankees comin'
+'cross de hill, she run 'roun' an' got all de jewelry. She took off de
+rings an' pins she an' Mis' Fanny had on an' she got all de things out
+of de jewelry box an' give dem to pappy. "Hide dem, Lillmam" she tole
+pappy, 'hide dem some place whare dem thieves won't find dem'.
+
+Pappy had on high top boots. He didn' do nothin but stuff all dat
+jewelry right down in dem boots, den he strutted all' roun' dem Yankees
+laughin' to heself. Dey cussed when dey couldn' fin' no jewelry a tall.
+Dey didn' fin' no silver neither kaze us niggers done he'p Mis' Fanny
+an' Mis' Virginia hide dat. We done toted it all down to de cottin gin
+house an' hid it in de loose cotton piled on de floor. When dey couldn'
+fin' nothin' a big sojer went up to Mis' Virginia who wuz standin' in de
+hall. He look at her an' say: 'Yo's skeered of me, ain' yo'?'
+
+Mis' Virginia ain' batted no eye yet. She tole him, "If I was gwine to
+be skeered, I'd be skeered of somethin'. I sho ain' of no ugly, braggin'
+Yankee."
+
+De man tu'ned red an he say: "If you don' tell me where you done hide
+dat silver I'se gwine to make' you skeered."
+
+Mis' Virginia's chin went up higher. She set her mouf an' look at dat
+sojer twell he drap his eyes. Den she tole him dat some folks done come
+an' got de silver, dat dey done toted it off. She didn' tell him dat it
+wuz us niggers dat done toted it down to de cotton gin house.
+
+In dem days dey wuz peddlers gwine 'roun' de country sellin'
+things. Dey toted big packs on dey backs filled wid everythin'
+from needles an' thimbles to bed spreads an' fryin' pans. One day
+a peddler stopped at Mis' Fanny's house. He was de uglies' man
+I ever seed. He was tall an' bony wid black whiskers an' black
+bushy hair an' curious eyes dat set way back in his head. Dey
+was dark an' look like a dog's eyes after you done hit him. He
+set down on de po'ch an' opened his pack, an' it was so hot an'
+he looked so tired, dat Mis' Fanny give him er cool drink of milk
+dat done been settin' in de spring house. All de time Mis' Fanny
+was lookin' at de things in de pack an' buyin', de man kept up a
+runnin' talk. He ask her how many niggers dey had; how many men
+dey had fightin' on de 'Federate side, an' what wuz was she gwine do
+if de niggers wuz was set free. Den he ask her if she knowed Mistah
+Abraham Lincoln.
+
+'Bout dat time Mis' Virginia come to de door an' heard what he said. She
+blaze up like a lightwood fire an' told dat peddler dat dey didn't want
+to know nothin' 'bout Mistah Lincoln; dat dey knowed too much already,
+an' dat his name wuzn [HW correction: wasn't] 'lowed called in dat [HW
+correction: her] house. Den she say he wuzn [HW correction: wasn't]
+nothin' but a black debil messin' in other folks biznes' [HW correction:
+business], an' dat she'd shoot him on sight if she had half a chance.
+
+De man laughed. "Maybe he [HW correction: Mr. Lincoln] ain't so bad,' he
+told her. Den he packed his pack an' went off down de road, an' Mis'
+Virginia watched him 'till he went out of sight 'roun' de bend."
+
+Two or three weeks later Mis' Fanny got a letter. De letter was from dat
+peddler. He tole her dat he was Abraham Lincoln hese'f; dat he wuz
+peddlin' over de country as a spy, an' he thanked her for de res' on her
+shady po'ch an' de cool glass of milk she give him.
+
+When dat letter come Mis' Virginia got so hoppin' mad dat she took all
+de stuff Mis' Fanny done bought from Mistah Lincoln an' made us niggers
+burn it on de ash pile. Den she made pappy rake up de ashes an' th'ow
+dem in de creek.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320148]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          377
+Subject:            Ex-Slave Recollections
+Person Interviewed: Lucy Brown
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 7 1937"]
+
+EX-SLAVE RECOLLECTIONS
+
+An interview with Lucy Brown of Hecktown, Durham, Durham County, May 20,
+1937. She does not know her age.
+
+
+I wuz jist a little thing when de war wuz over an' I doan 'member much
+ter tell yo'. Mostly what I does know I hyard my mammy tell it.
+
+We belonged to John Neal of Person County. I doan know who my pappy
+wuz, but my mammy wuz named Rosseta an' her mammy's name 'fore her wuz
+Rosseta. I had one sister named Jenny an' one brother named Ben.
+
+De marster wuz good ter us, in a way, but he ain't 'lowin' no kinds of
+frolickin' so when we had a meetin' we had ter do it secret. We'd turn
+down a wash pot outside de do', an' dat would ketch de fuss so marster
+neber knowed nothin' 'bout hit.
+
+On Sundays we went ter church at de same place de white folkses did. De
+white folkses rid an' de niggers walked, but eben do' we wored wooden
+bottomed shoes we wuz proud an' mostly happy. We had good clothes an'
+food an' not much abuse. I doan know de number of slaves, I wuz so
+little.
+
+My mammy said dat slavery wuz a whole lot wuser [HW correction: wusser]
+'fore I could 'member. She tol' me how some of de slaves had dere
+babies in de fiel's lak de cows done, an' she said dat 'fore de babies
+wuz borned dey tied de mammy down on her face if'en dey had ter whup her
+ter keep from ruinin' de baby.
+
+She said dat dar wuz ghostes an' some witches back den, but I doan know
+nothin' 'bout dem things.
+
+Naw. I can't tell yo' my age but I will tell yo' dat eber'body what
+lives in dis block am either my chile or gran'chile. I can't tell yo'
+prexackly how many dar is o' 'em, but I will tell you dat my younges'
+chile's baby am fourteen years old, an' dat she's got fourteen youngin's
+[HW correction: youngun's], one a year jist lak I had till I had
+sixteen.
+
+I'se belonged ter de church since I wuz a baby an' I tells dem eber'day
+dat dey shore will miss me when I'se gone.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320115]
+Worker:         Mary Hicks
+No. Words:      462
+Subject:        PLANTATION LIFE IN GEORGIA
+Reference:      Midge Burnett
+Editor:         George L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 6 1937"]
+
+PLANTATION LIFE IN GEORGIA
+
+An interview with Midge Burnett, 80 years old, of 1300 S. Bloodworth
+Street, Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+I wus borned in Georgia eighty years ago, de son of Jim an' Henretta
+Burnett an' de slave of Marse William Joyner.
+
+I wurked on de farm durin' slavery times, among de cotton, corn, an'
+sugar cane. De wurk wusn't so hard an' we had plenty of time ter have
+fun an' ter git inter meanness, dat's why Marse William had ter have so
+many patterollers on de place.
+
+Marse William had near three hundret slaves an' he kept seben
+patterollers ter keep things goin' eben. De slaves ain't run away. Naw
+sir, dey ain't, dey knows good things when dey sees dem an' dey ain't
+leavin' dem nother. De only trouble wus dat dey wus crazy 'bout good
+times an' dey'd shoot craps er bust.
+
+De patterollers 'ud watch all de paths leadin' frum de plantation an'
+when dey ketched a nigger leavin' dey whupped him an' run him home. As I
+said de patterollers watched all paths, but dar wus a number of little
+paths what run through de woods dat nobody ain't watched case dey ain't
+knowed dat de paths wus dar.
+
+On moonlight nights yo' could hear a heap of voices an' when yo' peep
+ober de dike dar am a gang of niggers a-shootin' craps an' bettin'
+eber'thing dey has stold frum de plantation. Sometimes a pretty yaller
+gal er a fat black gal would be dar, but mostly hit would be jist men.
+
+Dar wus a ribber nearby de plantation an' we niggers swum dar ever'
+Sadday an' we fished dar a heap too. We ketched a big mess of fish ever'
+week an' dese come in good an' helped ter save rations ter boot. Dat's
+what Marse William said, an' he believed in havin' a good time too.
+
+We had square dances dat las' all night on holidays an' we had a
+Christmas tree an' a Easter egg hunt an' all dat, case Marse William
+intended ter make us a civilized bunch of blacks.
+
+Marse William ain't eber hit one of us a single lick till de day when
+we heard dat de Yankees wus a-comin'. One big nigger jumps up an'
+squalls, 'Lawd bless de Yankees'.
+
+Marse yells back, 'God damn de Yankees', an' he slaps big Mose a
+sumerset right outen de do'. Nobody else wanted ter git slapped soe
+ever'body got outen dar in a hurry an' nobody else dasen't say Yankees
+ter de marster.
+
+Eben when somebody seed de Yankees comin' Mose wont go tell de' marster
+'bout hit, but when Marster William wus hilt tight twixt two of dem big
+husky Yankees he cussed 'em as hard as he can. Dey carries him off an'
+dey put him in de jail at Atlanta an' dey keeps him fer a long time.
+
+Atter de surrender we left dar an' we moves ter Star, South Carolina,
+whar I still wurks 'roun' on de farm. I stayed on dar' till fifty years
+ago when I married Roberta Thomas an' we moved ter Raliegh. We have five
+chilluns an' we's moughty proud of 'em, but since I had de stroke we has
+been farin' bad, an' I'se hopin' ter git my ole aged pension.
+
+EH
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 3                    [320274]
+Worker:         Travis Jordan
+Subject:        Fanny Cannady
+                Ex-Slave 79 Years
+                Durham County
+[TR No. Words: 1,444]
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+FANNY CANNADY
+EX-SLAVE 79 years
+
+
+I don' 'member much 'bout de sojers an' de fightin' in de war kaze I
+wuzn' much more den six years ole at de surrender, but I do 'member how
+Marse Jordan Moss shot Leonard Allen, one of his slaves. I ain't never
+forgot dat.
+
+My mammy an' pappy, Silo an' Fanny Moss belonged to Marse Jordan an'
+Mis' Sally Moss. Dey had 'bout three hundred niggahs an' mos' of dem
+worked in de cotton fields.
+
+Marse Jordan wuz hard on his niggahs. He worked dem over time an' didn'
+give den enough to eat. Dey didn' have good clothes neither an' dey
+shoes wuz made out of wood. He had 'bout a dozen niggahs dat didn' do
+nothin' else but make wooden shoes for de slaves. De chillun didn' have
+no shoes a tall; dey went barefooted in de snow an' ice same as 'twuz
+summer time. I never had no shoes on my feets 'twell I wuz pas' ten
+years ole, an' dat wuz after de Yankees done set us free.
+
+I wuz skeered of Marse Jordan, an' all of de grown niggahs wuz too 'cept
+Leonard an' Burrus Allen. Dem niggahs wuzn' skeered of nothin'. If de
+debil hese'f had come an' shook er stick at dem dey'd hit him back.
+Leonard wuz er big black buck niggah; he wuz de bigges niggah I ever
+seed, an' Burrus wuz near 'bout as big, an' dey 'spized Marse Jordan
+wus'n pizen.
+
+I wuz sort of skeered of Mis' Polly too. When Marse Jordan wuzn' 'roun'
+she wuz sweet an' kind, but when he wuz 'roun', she wuz er yes, suh,
+yes, suh, woman. Everythin' he tole her to do she done. He made her slap
+Marmy one time kaze when she passed his coffee she spilled some in de
+saucer. Mis' Sally hit Mammy easy, but Marse Jordan say: 'Hit her,
+Sally, hit de black bitch like she 'zerve to be hit.' Den Mis' Sally
+draw back her hand an' hit Mammy in de face, pow, den she went back to
+her place at de table an' play like she eatin' her breakfas'. Den when
+Marse Jordan leave she come in de kitchen an' put her arms 'roun' Mammy
+an' cry, an' Mammy pat her on de back an' she cry too. I loved Mis'
+Sally when Marse Jordan wuzn' 'roun'.
+
+Marse Jordan's two sons went to de war; dey went all dressed up in dey
+fightin' clothes. Young Marse Jordan wuz jus' like Mis' Sally but Marse
+Gregory wuz like Marse Jordan, even to de bully way he walk. Young Marse
+Jordan never come back from de war, but 'twould take more den er bullet
+to kill Marse Gregory; he too mean to die anyhow kaze de debil didn'
+want him an' de Lawd wouldn' have him.
+
+One day Marse Gregory come home on er furlo'. He think he look pretty
+wid his sword clankin' an' his boots shinin'. He wuz er colonel,
+lootenent er somethin'. He wuz struttin' 'roun' de yard showin' off,
+when Leonard Allen say under his breath, 'Look at dat God damn sojer. He
+fightin' to keep us niggahs from bein' free.'
+
+'Bout dat time Marse Jordan come up. He look at Leonard an' say: 'What
+yo' mumblin' 'bout?'
+
+Dat big Leonard wuzn' skeered. He say, I say, 'Look at dat God damn
+sojer. He fightin' to keep us niggahs from bein' free.'
+
+Marse Jordan's face begun to swell. It turned so red dat de blood near
+'bout bust out. He turned to Pappy an' tole him to go an' bring him dis
+shot gun. When Pappy come back Mis' Sally come wid him. De tears wuz
+streamin' down her face. She run up to Marse Jordan an' caught his arm.
+Ole Marse flung her off an' took de gun from Pappy. He leveled it on
+Leonard an' tole him to pull his shirt open. Leonard opened his shirt
+an' stood dare big as er black giant sneerin' at Ole Marse.
+
+Den Mis' Sally run up again an' stood 'tween dat gun an' Leonard.
+
+Ole Marse yell to pappy an' tole him to take dat woman out of de way,
+but nobody ain't moved to touch Mis' Sally, an' she didn' move neither,
+she jus' stood dare facin' Ole Marse. Den Ole Marse let down de gun. He
+reached over an' slapped Mis' Sally down, den picked up de gun an' shot
+er hole in Leonard's ches' big as yo' fis'. Den he took up Mis' Sally
+an' toted her in de house. But I wuz so skeered dat I run an' hid in de
+stable loft, an' even wid my eyes shut I could see Leonard layin' on de
+groun' wid dat bloody hole in his ches' an' dat sneer on his black mouf.
+
+After dat Leonard's brother Burrus hated Ole Marse wus' er snake, den
+one night he run away. Mammy say he run away to keep from killin' Ole
+Marse. Anyhow, when Ole Marse foun' he wuz gone, he took er bunch of
+niggahs an' set out to find him. All day long dey tromped de woods, den
+when night come dey lit fat pine to'ches an' kept lookin', but dey
+couldn' find Burrus. De nex' day Ole Marse went down to de county jail
+an' got de blood houn's. He brung home er great passel of dem yelpin'
+an' pullin' at de ropes, but when he turned dem loose dey didn' find
+Burrus, kaze he done grease de bottom of his feets wid snuff an' hog
+lard so de dogs couldn' smell de trail. Ole Marse den tole all de
+niggahs dat if anybody housed an' fed Burrus on de sly, dat he goin' to
+shoot dem like he done shot Leonard. Den he went every day an' searched
+de cabins; he even looked under de houses.
+
+One day in 'bout er week Mis' Sally wuz feedin' de chickens when she
+heard somethin' in de polk berry bushes behin' de hen house. She didn'
+go 'roun' de house but she went inside house an' looked through de
+crack. Dare wuz Burrus layin' down in de bushes. He wuz near 'bout
+starved kaze he hadn' had nothin' to eat since he done run away.
+
+Mis' Sally whisper an' tole him to lay still, dat she goin' to slip him
+somethin' to eat. She went back to de house an' made up some more cawn
+meal dough for de chickens, an' under de dough she put some bread an'
+meat. When she went 'cross de yard she met Marse Jordan. He took de pan
+of dough an' say he goin' to feed de chickens. My mammy say dat Mis'
+Sally ain't showed no skeer, she jus' smile at Ole Marse an' pat his
+arm, den while she talk she take de pan an' go on to de chicken house,
+but Ole Marse he go too. When dey got to de hen house Ole Marse puppy
+begun sniffin' 'roun'. Soon he sta'ted to bark; he cut up such er fuss
+dat Ole Marse went to see what wuz wrong. Den he foun' Burrus layin' in
+de polk bushes.
+
+Ole Marse drag Burrus out an' drove him to de house. When Mis' Sally
+seed him take out his plaited whip, she run up stairs an' jump in de bed
+an' stuff er pillow over her head.
+
+Dey took Burrus to de whippin' post. Dey strip off his shirt, den dey
+put his head an' hands through de holes in de top, an' tied his feets to
+de bottom, den, Ole Marse took de whip. Dat lash hiss like col' water on
+er red hot iron when it come through de air, an' every time it hit
+Burrus it lef' er streak of blood. Time Ole Marse finish, Burrus' back
+look like er piece of raw beef.
+
+Dey laid Burrus face down on er plank den dey poured turpentine in all
+dem cut places. It burned like fire but dat niggah didn' know nothin'
+'bout it kaze he done passed out from pain. But, all his life dat black
+man toted dem scares on his back.
+
+When de war ended Mis' Sally come to Mammy an' say: 'Fanny, I's sho glad
+yo's free. Yo' can go now an' yo' won' ever have to be er slave no
+more.'
+
+But Mammy, she ain't had no notion of leavin' Mis' Sally. She put her
+arms' roun' her an' call her Baby, an' tell her she goin' to stay wid
+her long as she live. An' she did stay wid her. Me an' Mammy bof stayed
+Mis' Sally 'twell she died.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 3                   [320193]
+Field Worker:   Esther S. Pinnix
+Word Total:     3,199
+Editor:         P. G. Cross
+Subject:        "Negro Folklore of the Piedmont".
+Consultants:    Mrs. P. G. Cross,
+                Miss Kate Jones,
+                Descendants of Dr. Beverly Jones.
+
+Sources of Information: Aunt Betty Cofer--ex-slave of Dr. Beverly Jones
+
+[HW: Cofer]
+
+NEGRO FOLK LORE OF THE PIEDMONT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The ranks of negro ex-slaves are rapidly thinning out, but, scattered
+here and there among the ante-bellum families of the South, may be found
+a few of these picturesque old characters. Three miles north of
+Bethania, the second oldest settlement of the "Unitas Fratrum" in
+Wachovia, lies the 1500 acre Jones plantation. It has been owned for
+several generations by the one family, descendants of Abraham Conrad.
+Conrad's daughter, Julia, married a physician of note, Dr. Beverly
+Jones, whose family occupied the old homestead at the time of the Civil
+War.
+
+Here, in 1856, was born a negro girl, Betty, to a slave mother. Here,
+today, under the friendly protection of this same Jones family,
+surrounded by her sons and her sons' sons, lives this same Betty in her
+own little weather-stained cottage. Encircling her house are lilacs,
+althea, and flowering trees that soften the bleak outlines of unpainted
+out-buildings. A varied collection of old-fashioned plants and flowers
+crowd the neatly swept dooryard. A friendly German-shepherd puppy rouses
+from his nap on the sunny porch to greet visitors enthusiastically. In
+answer to our knock a gentle voice calls, "Come in." The door opens
+directly into a small, low-ceilinged room almost filled by two double
+beds. These beds are conspicuously clean and covered by homemade
+crocheted spreads. Wide bands of hand-made insertion ornament the
+stiffly starched pillow slips. Against the wall is a plain oak dresser.
+Although the day is warm, two-foot logs burn on the age-worn andirons of
+the wide brick fire place. From the shelf above dangles a leather bag
+of "spills" made from twisted newspapers.
+
+In a low, split-bottom chair, her rheumatic old feet resting on the warm
+brick hearth, sits Aunt Betty Cofer. Her frail body stoops under the
+weight of four-score years but her bright eyes and alert mind are those
+of a woman thirty years younger. A blue-checked mob cap covers her
+grizzled hair. Her tiny frame, clothed in a motley collection of
+undergarments, dress, and sweaters, is adorned by a clean white apron.
+Although a little shy of her strange white visitors, her innate dignity,
+gentle courtesy, and complete self possession indicate long association
+with "quality folks."
+
+Her speech shows a noticeable freedom from the usual heavy negro dialect
+and idiom of the deep south. "Yes, Ma'am, yes, Sir, come in. Pull a
+chair to the fire. You'll have to 'scuse me. I can't get around much,
+'cause my feet and legs bother me, but I got good eyes an' good ears an'
+all my own teeth. I aint never had a bad tooth in my head. Yes'm, I'm
+81, going on 82. Marster done wrote my age down in his book where he
+kep' the names of all his colored folks. Muh (Mother) belonged to Dr.
+Jones but Pappy belonged to Marse Israel Lash over yonder. (Pointing
+northwest.) Younguns always went with their mammies so I belonged to the
+Joneses.
+
+"Muh and Pappy could visit back and forth sometimes but they never lived
+together 'til after freedom. Yes'm, we was happy. We got plenty to eat.
+Marster and old Miss Julia (Dr. Jones' wife, matriarch of the whole
+plantation) was mighty strict but they was good to us. Colored folks on
+some of the other plantations wasn't so lucky. Some of' em had
+overseers, mean, cruel men. On one plantation the field hands had to
+hustle to git to the end of the row at eleven o'clock dinner-time
+'cause when the cooks brought their dinner they had to stop just where
+they was and eat, an' the sun was mighty hot out in those fields. They
+only had ash cakes (corn pone baked in ashes) without salt, and molasses
+for their dinner, but we had beans an' grits an' salt an' sometimes
+meat.
+
+"I was lucky. Miss Ella (daughter of the first Beverly Jones) was a
+little girl when I was borned and she claimed me. We played together an'
+grew up together. I waited on her an' most times slept on the floor in
+her room. Muh was cook an' when I done got big enough I helped to set
+the table in the big dinin' room. Then I'd put on a clean white apron
+an' carry in the victuals an' stand behind Miss Ella's chair. She'd fix
+me a piece of somethin' from her plate an' hand it back over her
+shoulder to me (eloquent hands illustrate Miss Ella's making of a
+sandwich.) I'd take it an' run outside to eat it. Then I'd wipe my mouth
+an' go back to stand behind Miss Ella again an' maybe get another snack.
+
+"Yes'm, there was a crowd of hands on the plantation. I mind 'em all an'
+I can call most of their names. Mac, Curley, William, Sanford, Lewis,
+Henry, Ed, Sylvester, Hamp, an' Juke was the men folks. The women was
+Nellie, two Lucys, Martha, Nervie, Jane, Laura, Fannie, Lizzie, Cassie,
+Tensie, Lindy, an' Mary Jane. The women mostly, worked in the house.
+There was always two washwomen, a cook, some hands to help her, two
+sewin' women, a house girl, an' some who did all the weavin' an'
+spinnin'. The men worked in the fields an' yard. One was stable boss an'
+looked after all the horses an' mules. We raised our own flax an'
+cotton an' wool, spun the thread, wove the cloth, made all the clothes.
+Yes'm, we made the mens' shirts an' pants an' coats. One woman knitted
+all the stockin's for the white folks an' colored folks too. I mind she
+had one finger all twisted an' stiff from holdin' her knittin' needles.
+We wove the cotton an' linen for sheets an' pillow-slips an' table
+covers. We wove the wool blankets too. I use to wait on the girl who did
+the weavin' when she took the cloth off the loom she done give me the
+'thrums' (ends of thread left on the loom.) I tied 'em all together with
+teensy little knots an' got me some scraps from the sewin' room and I
+made me some quilt tops. Some of 'em was real pretty too! (Pride of
+workmanship evidenced by a toss of Betty's head.)
+
+"All our spinnin' wheels and flax wheels and looms was hand-made by a
+wheel wright, Marse Noah Westmoreland. He lived over yonder. (A thumb
+indicates north.) Those old wheels are still in the family'. I got one
+of the flax wheels. Miss Ella done give it to me for a present. Leather
+was tanned an' shoes was made on the place. 'Course the hands mostly
+went barefoot in warm weather, white chillen too. We had our own mill to
+grind the wheat and corn an' we raised all our meat. We made our own
+candles from tallow and beeswax. I 'spect some of the old candle moulds
+are over to 'the house' now. We wove our own candle wicks too. I never
+saw a match 'til I was a grown woman. We made our fire with flint an'
+punk (rotten wood). Yes'm, I was trained to cook an' clean an' sew. I
+learned to make mens' pants an' coats. First coat I made, Miss Julia
+told me to rip the collar off, an' by the time I picked out all the
+teensy stitches an' sewed it together again I could set a collar right!
+I can do it today, too! (Again there is manifested a good workman's
+pardonable pride of achievement)
+
+"Miss Julia cut out all the clothes herself for men and women too. I
+'spect her big shears an' patterns an' old cuttin' table are over at the
+house now. Miss Julia cut out all the clothes an' then the colored girls
+sewed 'em up but she looked 'em all over and they better be sewed right!
+Miss Julia bossed the whole plantation. She looked after the sick folks
+and sent the doctor (Dr. Jones) to dose 'em and she carried the keys to
+the store-rooms and pantries. [HW: paragraph mark here.] Yes'm, I'm
+some educated. Muh showed me my 'a-b-abs' and my numbers and when I was
+fifteen I went to school in the log church built by the Moravians. They
+give it to the colored folks to use for their own school and church.
+(This log house is still standing near Bethania). Our teacher was a
+white man, Marse Fulk. He had one eye, done lost the other in the war.
+We didn't have no colored teachers then. They wasn't educated. We
+'tended school four months a year. I went through the fifth reader, the
+'North Carolina Reader'. I can figger a little an' read some but I can't
+write much 'cause my fingers 're--all stiffened up. Miss Julia use to
+read the bible to us an' tell us right an' wrong, and Muh showed me all
+she could an' so did the other colored folks. Mostly they was kind to
+each other.
+
+"No'm, I don't know much about spells an' charms. Course most of the
+old folks believed in 'em. One colored man use to make charms, little
+bags filled with queer things. He called 'em 'jacks' an' sold 'em to the
+colored folks an' some white folks too.
+
+"Yes'm, I saw some slaves sold away from the plantation, four men and
+two women, both of 'em with little babies. The traders got 'em. Sold 'em
+down to Mobile, Alabama. One was my pappy's sister. We never heard from
+her again. I saw a likely young feller sold for $1500. That was my Uncle
+Ike. Marse Jonathan Spease bought him and kept him the rest of his life.
+
+"Yes'm, we saw Yankee soldiers. (Stoneman's Cavalry in 1865.) They come
+marchin' by and stopped at 'the house. I wasn't scared 'cause they was
+all talkin' and laughin' and friendly but they sure was hongry. They
+dumped the wet clothes out of the big wash-pot in the yard and filled it
+with water. Then they broke into the smokehouse and got a lot of hams
+and biled 'em in the pot and ate 'em right there in the yard. The women
+cooked up a lot of corn pone for 'em and coffee too. Marster had a
+barrel of 'likker' put by an' the Yankees knocked the head in an' filled
+their canteens. There wasn't ary drop left. When we heard the soldiers
+comin' our boys turned the horses loose in the woods. The Yankees said
+they had to have 'em an' would burn the house down if we didn't get 'em.
+So our boys whistled up the horses an' the soldiers carried 'em all off.
+They carried off ol' Jennie mule too but let little Jack mule go. When
+the soldiers was gone the stable boss said,'if ol' Jennie mule once gits
+loose nobody on earth can catch her unless she wants. She'll be back!'
+Sure enough, in a couple of days she come home by herself an' we worked
+the farm jus' with her an' little Jack.
+
+"Some of the colored folks followed the Yankees away. Five or six of our
+boys went. Two of 'em travelled as far as Yadkinville but come back. The
+rest of 'em kep' goin' an' we never heard tell of' em again.
+
+"Yes'm, when we was freed Pappy come to get Muh and me. We stayed around
+here. Where could we go? These was our folks and I couldn't go far away
+from Miss Ella. We moved out near Rural Hall (some 5 miles from
+Bethania) an' Pappy farmed, but I worked at the home place a lot. When I
+was about twenty-four Marse R. J. Reynolds come from Virginia an' set up
+a tobacco factory. He fotched some hands with 'im. One was a likely
+young feller, named Cofer, from Patrick County, Virginia. I liked 'im
+an' we got married an' moved back here to my folks.(the Jones family) We
+started to buy our little place an' raise a family. I done had four
+chillen but two's dead. I got grandchillen and great-grandchillen close
+by. This is home to us. When we talk about the old home place (the Jones
+residence, now some hundred years old) we just say 'the house' 'cause
+there's only one house to us. The rest of the family was all fine folks
+and good to me but I loved Miss Ella better'n any one or anythin' else
+in the world. She was the best friend I ever had. If I ever wanted for
+anythin' I just asked her an she give it to me or got it for me somehow.
+Once when Cofer was in his last sickness his sister come from East
+Liverpool, Ohio, to see 'im. I went to Miss Ella to borrow a little
+money. She didn't have no change but she just took a ten dollar bill
+from her purse an' says 'Here you are, Betty, use what you need and
+bring me what's left'.
+
+"I always did what I could for her too an' stood by her--but one time.
+That was when we was little girls goin' together to fetch the mail. It
+was hot an' dusty an' we stopped to cool off an' wade in the 'branch'.
+We heard a horse trottin' an' looked up an' there was Marster switchin'
+his ridin' whip an' lookin' at us. 'Git for home, you two, and I'll
+'tend to you,' he says, an' we got! But this time I let Miss Ella go to
+'the house' alone an' I sneaked aroun' to Granny's cabin an' hid. I was
+afraid I'd git whupped! 'Nother time, Miss Ella went to town an' told me
+to keep up her fire whilst she was away. I fell asleep on the hearth and
+the fire done burnt out so's when Miss Ella come home the room was cold.
+She was mad as hops. Said she never had hit me but she sure felt like
+doin' it then.
+
+"Yes'm, I been here a right smart while. I done lived to see three
+generations of my white folks come an' go, an' they're the finest folks
+on earth. There use to be a reg'lar buryin' ground for the plantation
+hands. The colored chillen use to play there but I always played with
+the white chillen. (This accounts for Aunt Betty's gentle manner and
+speech.) Three of the old log cabins (slave cabins) is there yet. One of
+'em was the 'boys cabin'. (house for boys and unmarried men) They've got
+walls a foot thick an' are used for store-rooms now. After freedom we
+buried out around our little churches but some of th' old grounds are
+plowed under an' turned into pasture cause the colored folks didn't get
+no deeds to 'em. It won't be long 'fore I go too but I'm gwine lie near
+my old home an' my folks.
+
+"Yes'm, I remember Marse Israel Lash, my Pappy's Marster. He was a low,
+thick-set man, very jolly an' friendly. He was real smart an' good too,
+'cause his colored folks all loved 'im. He worked in the bank an' when
+the Yankees come, 'stead of shuttin' the door 'gainst 'em like the
+others did, he bid 'em welcome. (Betty's nodding head, expansive smile
+and wide-spread hands eloquently pantomime the banker's greeting.) So
+the Yankees done took the bank but give it back to 'im for his very own
+an' he kep' it but there was lots of bad feelin' 'cause he never give
+folks the money they put in the old bank. (Possibly this explains the
+closing of the branch of the Cape Fear Bank in Salem and opening of
+Israel Lash's own institution, the First National Bank of Salem, 1866.)
+
+"I saw General Robert E. Lee, too. After the war he come with some
+friends to a meeting at Five Forks Baptist Church. All the white folks
+gathered 'round an' shook his hand an' I peeked 'tween their legs an'
+got a good look at' im. But he didn't have no whiskers, he was
+smooth-face! (Pictures of General Lee all show him with beard and
+mustache)
+
+"Miss Ella died two years ago. I was sick in the hospital but the doctor
+come to tell me. I couldn't go to her buryin'. I sure missed her.
+(Poignant grief moistens Betty's eyes and thickens her voice). There
+wasn't ever no one like her. Miss Kate an' young Miss Julia still live
+at 'the house' with their brother, Marse Lucian (all children of the
+first Beverly Jones and 'old Miss Julia',) but it don't seem right with
+Miss Ella gone. Life seems dif'rent, some how, 'though there' lots of my
+young white folks an' my own kin livin' round an' they're real good to
+me. But Miss Ella's gone!
+
+"Goodday, Ma'am. Come anytime. You're welcome to. I'm right glad to have
+visitors 'cause I can't get out much." A bobbing little curtsy
+accompanies Betty's cordial farewell.
+
+Although a freed woman for 71 years, property owner for half of them,
+and now revered head of a clan of self respecting, self-supporting
+colored citizens, she is still at heart a "Jones negro," and all the
+distinguished descendants of her beloved Marse Beverly and Miss Julia
+will be her "own folks" as long as she lives.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320188]
+No. Words:      340
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+Subject:        Ex-slave Story
+Story Teller:   John Coggin
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+JOHN COGGIN.
+Ex-Slave Story.
+
+An interview with John Coggin 85, of Method, N. C.
+
+
+When the interviewer first visited Uncle John he was busy cutting hay
+for a white family nearby, swinging the scythe with the vigor of a young
+man. In late afternoon he was found sitting on the doorsteps of his
+granddaughter's house after a supper which certainly had onions on the
+menu and was followed by something stronger than water.
+
+"I was borned on March 1, 1852 in Orange County. My mammy wuz named
+Phillis Fenn an' she wuz from Virginia. I ain't neber had no paw an' I
+ain't wanted none, I ain't had no brothers nar sisters nother."
+
+"We 'longed ter Doctor Jim Leathers, an' de only whuppin' I eber got wuz
+'bout fightin' wid young Miss Agnes, who wuz sommers long' bout my age.
+Hit wuz jist a little whuppin' but I' members hit all right."
+
+"We wucked de fiel's, I totin' water fer de six or seben han's that
+wucked dar. An' we jist wucked moderate like. We had plenty ter eat an'
+plenty ter w'ar, do' we did go barefooted most of de year. De marster
+shore wuz good ter us do'."
+
+"I 'members dat de fust I hyard of de Yankees wuz when young marster
+come in an' says, 'Lawd pa, de Yankees am in Raleigh.'"
+
+"Dat ebenin' I wuz drawin' water when all of a sudden I looks up de
+road, an' de air am dark wid Yankees. I neber seed so many mens, hosses
+an' mules in my life. De band wuz playin' an' de soldiers wuz hollerin'
+an' de hosses wuz prancin' high. I done what all of de rest o' de slaves
+done, I run fer de woods."
+
+"Atter de surrender we moved ter a place nigh Dix Hill hyar in Raleigh
+an' my mammy married a Coggin, dar's whar I gits my name. All of us
+slaves moved dar an' farmed."
+
+"Way long time atter dat ole Marster Jim come ter visit his niggers, an'
+we had a big supper in his honor. Dat night he died, an' 'fore he died
+his min' sorta wanders an' he thinks dat hit am back in de slave days
+an' dat atter a long journey he am comin' back home. Hit shore wuz
+pitiful an' we shore did hate it."
+
+"Yes 'um honey, we got 'long all right atter de war. You knows dat
+niggers ain't had no sense den, now dey has. Look at dese hyar seben
+chilluns, dey am my great gran'chillun an' dey got a heap mo' sense dan
+I has right now."
+
+EH
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320150]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      433
+Subject:        MANDY COVERSON
+Story Teller:   Mandy Coverson
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 7 1937"]
+
+MANDY COVERSON
+Ex-Slave Story
+
+An interview with Mandy Coverson, 78, of 103 South Wilmington Street,
+Raleigh.
+
+
+I wuz borned in Union County to Sarah an' Henderson Tomberlin. My
+mother belonged to Mr. Moses Coverson, an' my pappy belonged to Mr.
+Jackie Tom Tomberlin. I stayed wid my mammy, of course, an' Marster
+Moses wuz good ter me. Dey warn't so good ter my mammy, case dey makes
+her wuck frum sunup till sundown in de hot summertime, an' she ain't had
+no fun at all. She plowed two oxes, an' if'en yo' has eber been around a
+steer yo' knows what aggravatin' things dey is.
+
+De oberseer, whose name I'se plumb forget, wuz pore white trash an' he
+wuz meaner dan de meanest nigger. Anyhow I wuz too little ter do much
+wuck so I played a heap an' I had a big time.
+
+My mammy, died 'fore I wuz very old an' missus kept me in de house. I
+wuz petted by her, an' I reckon spoiled. Yo' knows dat den de niggers
+ain't neber eat no biscuits but missus always gimmie one eber meal an'
+in dat way she got me interested in waitin' on de table.
+
+I wuzn't old enough ter know much, but I does 'member how de fambly hid
+all de valuables 'fore de Yankees come, an' dat Marster Moses in
+pickin' up de big brass andirons hurt his back an' dey said dat dat wuz
+de cause of his death a little while atterwards. Anyhow de andirons wuz
+saved an' dar warn't no trouble wid de Yankees who comed our way, an'
+dey ain't hurt nobody dar.
+
+Dey did kill all de things dat dey could eat an' dey stold de rest of
+de feed stuff. Dey make one nigger boy draw water fer dere hosses fer a
+day an' night. De Yankees wuz mean 'bout cussin', but de southern
+soldiers wuz jist as bad. Wheeler's Cavalry wuz de meanest in de whole
+bunch, I thinks.
+
+De Ku Kluxes wuz pretty mean, but dey picked dere spite on de Free
+Issues. I doan know why dey done dis 'cept dat dey ain't wantin' no
+niggers a-favorin' dem nigh by, now dat slavery am ober. Dey done a heap
+of beatin' an' chasin' folkses out'n de country but I 'specks dat de
+Carpet Bagger's rule wuz mostly de cause of it.
+
+I married Daniel Coverson, a slave on de same plantation I wuz on, an'
+forty years ago we moved ter Raleigh. We had a hard time but I'se glad
+dat he an' me am free an' doan belong ter two diff'ent famblies.
+
+AC
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320212]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      914
+Subject:        Ex-Slave Story
+Story Teller:   Willie Cozart
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+EX-SLAVE STORY
+
+An Interview by Mary A. Hicks with Willis Cozart of Zebulon, (Wake Co.
+N. C.) Age 92. May 12, 1937.
+
+
+No mam, Mistress, I doan want ter ride in no automobile, thank you,
+I'se done walked these three miles frum Zebulon an' walkin' is what has
+kept me goin' all dese years.
+
+Yes'm I'se a bachelor an' I wuz borned on June 11, 1845 in Person
+County. My papa wuz named Ed an' my maw wuz named Sally. Dar wuz ten of
+us youngins, Morris, Dallas, Stephen, Jerry, Florence, Polly, Lena,
+Phillis, Caroline, an' me. Mr. Starling Oakley of Person County, near
+Roxboro wuz my master an' as long as him an' ole mistress lived I went
+back ter see dem.
+
+He wuz right good to de good niggers an' kinder strick wid de bad ones.
+Pusonly he ain't never have me whupped but two or three times. You's
+hyard 'bout dese set down strikes lately, well dey ain't de fust ones.
+Onct when I wuz four or five years old, too little to wuck in de fiel's,
+my master sot me an' some more little chilluns ter wuck pullin' up weeds
+roun' de house. Well, I makes a speech and I tells dem le's doan wuck
+none so out we sprawls on de grass under de apple tree. Atter awhile ole
+master found us dar, an' when he fin's dat I wuz de ring-leader he
+gives me a little whuppin'.
+
+Hit wuz a big plantation, round 1,200 acres o' land, I reckon, an' he
+had 'bout seventy or eighty slaves to wuck de cotton, corn, tobacco an'
+de wheat an' vege'bles. De big house wuz sumpin to look at, but de slave
+cabins wuz jist log huts wid sand floors, and stick an' dirt chimneys.
+We wuz 'lowed ter have a little patch o' garden stuff at de back but no
+chickens ner pigs. De only way we had er' makin' money wuz by pickin'
+berries an' sellin' 'em. We ain't had much time to do dat, case we
+wucked frum sunup till sundown six days a week.
+
+De master fed us as good as he knowed how, but it wuz mostly on bread,
+meat, an' vege'bles.
+
+I 'members seberal slave sales whar dey sold de pappy or de mammy 'way
+frum de chillums an' dat wuz a sad time. Dey led dem up one at de time
+an' axed dem questions an' dey warn't many what wuz chained, only de bad
+ones, an' sometime when dey wuz travelin' it wuz necessary to chain a
+new gang.
+
+I'se seed niggers beat till da blood run, an' I'se seed plenty more wid
+big scars, frum whuppin's but dey wuz de bad ones. You wuz whupped
+'cordin ter de deed yo' done in dem days. A moderate whuppin' wuz
+thirty-nine or forty lashes an' a real whuppin' wuz a even hundred; most
+folks can't stand a real whuppin'.
+
+Frum all dis you might think dat we ain't had no good times, but we had
+our co'n shuckin's, candy pullin's an' sich like. We ain't felt like
+huntin' much, but I did go on a few fox hunts wid de master. I uster go
+fishin' too, but I ain't been now since 1873, I reckon. We sometimes
+went ter de neighborhood affairs if'n we wuz good, but if we wuzn't an'
+didn't git a pass de patter-rollers would shore git us. When dey got
+through whuppin' a nigger he knowed he wuz whupped too.
+
+De slave weddin's in dat country wuz sorta dis way: de man axed de
+master fer de 'oman an' he jist told dem ter step over de broom an' dat
+wuz de way dey got married dem days; de pore white folks done de same
+way.
+
+Atter de war started de white folks tried ter keep us niggers frum
+knowin' 'bout it, but de news got aroun' somehow, an' dar wuz some talk
+of gittin' shet of de master's family an' gittin' rich. De plans didn't
+'mout to nothin' an' so de Yankees come down.
+
+I 'members moughty well when de Yankees come through our country. Dey
+stold ever'thing dey could find an' I 'members what ole master said. He
+says, 'Ever' one dat wants ter wuck fer me git in de patch ter pullin'
+dat forty acres of fodder an' all dat don't git up de road wid dem d----
+Yankees.' Well we all went away.
+
+Dat winter wuz tough, all de niggers near 'bout starved ter death, an'
+we ain't seed nothin' of de forty acres of land an' de mule what de
+Yankees done promise us nother. Atter awhile we had ter go ter our ole
+masters an' ax 'em fer bread ter keep us alive.
+
+De Klu Klux Klan sprung right up out of de earth, but de Yankees put a
+stop ter dat by puttin' so many of dem in jail. Dey do say dat dat's
+what de State Prison wus built fer.
+
+I never believed in witches an' I ain't put much stock in hain'ts but
+I'se seed a few things durin' my life dat I can't 'splain, like de thing
+wid de red eyes dat mocked me one night; but shucks I ain't believin' in
+dem things much. I'se plowed my lan', tended it year atter year, lived
+by myself an' all, an' I ain't got hurted yet, but I ain't never rid in
+a automobile yet, an' I got one tooth left.
+
+B. N.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320159]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      1453
+Subject:        HANNAH CRASSON
+Story Teller:   Hannah Crasson
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: HW notes at bottom of page illegible]
+
+HANNAH CRASSON
+
+
+My name is Hannah Crasson. I wuz born on John William Walton's
+plantation 4 miles from Garner and 13 miles from Raleigh, N. C. in the
+County of Wake. I am 84 years ole the 2nd day uv dis las' gone March. I
+belonged to Mr. John William Walton in slavery time. My missus wuz named
+Miss Martha.
+
+My father wuz named Frank Walton. My mother wuz named Flora Walton.
+Grandma wuz 104 years when she died. She died down at de old plantation.
+My brothers were named Johnnie and Lang. My sisters were Adeline,
+Violet, Mary, Sarah, Ellen, and Annie. Four of us are livin', Ellen,
+Mary, Sarah and me.
+
+De old boss man wuz good to us. I wuz talkin' about him the udder
+night. He didn't whup us and he said, he didn't want nobody else to whup
+us. It is jis like I tell you; he wuz never cruel to us. One uv his sons
+wuz cruel to us. We had a plenty to eat, we shore did, plenty to eat. We
+had nice houses to live in too. Grandma had a large room to live in, and
+we had one to live in. Daddy stayed at home with mother. They worked
+their patches by moonlight; and worked for the white folks in the day
+time.
+
+They sold what they made. Marster bought it and paid for it. He made a
+barrel o' rice every year, my daddy did.
+
+Mr. Bell Allen owned slaves too. He had a plenty o' niggers. His
+plantation wuz 5 miles from ourn. We went to church at the white folks
+church. When Mr. Bell Allen seed us cummin' he would say, 'Yonder comes
+John Walton's free niggers.'
+
+Our marster would not sell his slaves. He give dem to his children when
+they married off do'. I swept yards, churned, fed the chickens. In de
+ebening I would go with my missus a fishin'. We eat collards, peas, corn
+bread, milk, and rice. We got biskit and butter twice a week. I thought
+dat de best things I ever et wuz butter spread on biskit. We had a corn
+mill and a flour mill on the plantation. There wuz about 24 slaves on de
+place. Dey had brandy made on de plantation, and de marster gib all his
+slaves some for dere own uses.
+
+My grandmother and mother wove our clothes. Dey were called homespun.
+Dey made de shoes on de plantation too. I wuz not married til atter de
+surrender. I did not dress de finest in the world; but I had nice
+clothes. My wedding dress wuz made of cream silk, made princess with
+pink and cream bows. I wore a pair of morocco store bought shoes. My
+husband was dressed in a store bought suit of clothes, the coat wuz made
+pigen [HW correction: pigeon] tail. He had on a velvet vest and a white
+collar and tie. Somebody stole de ves' atter dat.
+
+One of our master's daughters wuz cruel. Sometimes she would go out
+and rare on us, but old marster didn't want us whupped.
+
+Our great grand mother wuz named granny Flora. Dey stole her frum
+Africa wid a red pocket handkerchief. Old man John William got my great
+grandmother. De people in New England got scured of we niggers. Dey were
+afrid me would rise aginst em and dey pushed us on down South. Lawd, why
+didn't dey let us stay whur we wuz, dey nebber wouldn't a been so menny
+half white niggers, but the old marster wuz to blame for that.
+
+We never saw any slaves sold. They carried them off to sell 'em. The
+slaves travelled in droves. Fathers and mothers were sold from their
+chilluns. Chilluns wuz sold from their parents on de plantations close
+to us. Where we went to church, we sat in a place away from de white
+folks. The slaves never did run away from marster, because he wuz good
+to 'em; but they run away from other plantations.
+
+Yes, we seed the patterollers, we called 'em pore white trash, we also
+called patterollers pore white pecks. They had ropes around their necks.
+They came to our house one night when we were singin' and prayin'. It
+wuz jist before the surrender. Dey were hired by de slave owner. My
+daddy told us to show 'em de brandy our marster gib us, den dey went on
+a way, kase dey knowed John Walton wuz a funny man about his slaves. Dey
+gave us Christmas and other holidays. Den dey, de men, would go to see
+dere wives. Some of the men's wives belong to other marsters on other
+plantations. We had corn shuckin's at night, and candy pullin's.
+Sometimes we had quiltings and dances.
+
+One of the slaves, my aint, she wuz a royal slave. She could dance all
+over de place wid a tumbler of water on her head, widout spilling it.
+She sho could tote herself. I always luved to see her come to church.
+She sho could tote herself.
+
+My oldest sister Violet died in slavery time. She wuz ten years old
+when she died. Her uncles were her pall bearers. Uncle Hyman and Uncle
+Handy carried her to the grave yard. If I makes no mistake my daddy made
+her coffin. Dere wuz no singin'. There were seven of the family dere,
+dat wuz all. Dey had no funeral. Dere were no white folks dere.
+
+Dey baptized people in creeks and ponds.
+
+We rode corn stalks, bent down small pine trees and rode' em for
+horses. We also played prison base. Colored and white played, yes sir,
+whites and colored. We played at night but we had a certain time to go
+to bed. Dat wuz nine o'clock. [HW: New paragraph indicated]
+
+De boss man looked atter us when we wuz sick. He got doctors. I had the
+typhoid fever. All my hair came out. Dey called it de "mittent fever."
+Dr. Thomas Banks doctored me. He been dead a long time. Oh! I don't know
+how long he been dead. Near all my white folks were found dead. Mr. John
+died outside.
+
+Walton died in bed. Marster Joe Walton died sitting under a tree side de
+path. Miss Hancey died in bed.
+
+I 'member the day de war commenced. My marster called my father and my
+two uncles Handy and Hyman, our marster called 'em. Dey had started back
+to the field to work in the afternoon. He said, 'Cum here boys,' that
+wuz our young marster, Ben Walton, says 'cum here boys. I got sumptin'
+to tell you.' Uncle Hyman said, 'I can't. I got to go to work.' He said
+'Come here and set down, I got sumptin' to tell you.'
+
+The niggers went to him and set down. He told them; 'There is a war
+commenced between the North and the South. If the North whups you will
+be as free a man as I is. If the South whups you will be a slave all
+your days.'
+
+Mr. Joe Walton said when he went to war dat dey could eat breakfast at
+home, go and whup the North, and be back far dinner. He went away, and it
+wuz four long years before he cum back to dinner. De table wuz shore set
+a long time for him. A lot of de white folks said dey wouldn't be much
+war, dey could whup dem so easy. Many of dem never did come back to
+dinner. I wuz afraid of the Yankees because Missus had told us the
+Yankees were going to kill every nigger in the South. I hung to my mammy
+when dey come through.
+
+I thought Abraham Lincoln wuz the Medicine man, with grip in his han',
+cause he said every borned man must be free.
+
+I did not think anything of Jeff Davis. I thank de will of God for
+setting us free. He got into Abraham Lincoln and the Yankees. We are
+thankful to the Great Marster dat got into Lincoln and the Yankees. Dey
+say Booker Washington wuz fine, I don't know.
+
+The white folks did not allow us to have nuthing to do wid books. You
+better not be found, tryin' to learn to read. Our marster wuz harder
+down on dat den anything else. You better not be ketched wid a book. Day
+read the Bible and told us to obey our marster for de Bible said obey
+your marster.
+
+The first band of music I ever herd play the Yankees wuz playin' it.
+They were playin' a song. 'I am tired of seeing de homespun dresses the
+southern women wear'.
+
+I thinks Mr. Roosevelt is a fine man. Jus' what we need.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320169]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      130
+Subject:        EX-SLAVE STORY
+Story Teller:   Julia Crenshaw
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: HW circled "I"]
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+EX-SLAVE STORY
+
+As Julia Crenshaw recalled her mother's story.
+
+
+My mammy wuz named Jane an' my pappy wuz named Richard. Dey belonged
+ter Lawyer R. J. Lewis in Raleigh, dar whar Peace Institute am ter day.
+Mammy said dat de white folkses wuz good ter dem an' gib 'em good food
+an' clothes. She wuz de cook, an' fer thirty years atter de war she
+cooked at Peace.
+
+Before de Yankees come Mr. Lewis said, dat he dreamed dat de yard wuz
+full uv dem an' he wuz deef. When dey comed he played deef so dat he
+won't have ter talk ter 'em. Him he am dat proud.
+
+Mammy said dat she ain't cared 'bout been' free case she had a good
+home, but atter all slavery wusn't de thing fer America.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320239]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      1,414
+Subject:        ZEB CROWDER
+Story Teller:   Zeb Crowder
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 30 1937"]
+
+ZEB CROWDER
+323 E. Cabarrus Street
+
+
+I wont nuthin' in slavery time and I aint nuthin' now. All de work I am
+able ter do now is a little work in de garden. Dey say I is too ole ter
+work, so charity gives me a little ter go upon every week. For one weeks
+'lowance o' sumptin' ter eat dey gives me, hold on, I will show you, dat
+beats guessin'. Here it is: 1/2 peck meal (corn meal), 2 lbs oat meal, 2
+lb dry skim milk, and 1 lb plate meat. Dis is what I gits fer one week
+'lowance. I can't work much, but de white folks gib me meals fur washin'
+de woodwork in dere houses, de white folks in Hayes's Bottom. What
+little I do, I does fer him. He gives me meals for workin'. De charity
+gives me about 80 cts worth o' rations a week.
+
+I wus seven years old when de Yankees come through. All de niggers
+'cept me an' de white folks ran to de woods. I didn't have sense enough
+ter run, so I stayed on de porch where dey were passin' by. One of 'em
+pointed his gun at me. I remember it as well as it was yisterday. Yes
+sir, I seed de Yankees and I remember de clothes dey wore. Dey were blue
+and dere coats had capes on' em and large brass buttons. De niggers and
+white folks were afraid of' em. De ole house where dey came by, an' me
+on de porch is still standin', yes sir, and dey are livin' in it now. It
+belongs to Ralph Crowder, and he has a fellow by de name o' Edward, a
+colored man, livin' dere now. De house is de udder side o' Swift Creek,
+right at Rands Mill. I belonged ter ole man William Crowder durin'
+slavery, Tom Crowder's daddy. Ralph is Tom's son. My missus wus named
+Miss Melvina an' if I lives ter be a hundred years old I will never
+forget dem white folks. Yes sir, dey shore wus good ter us. We had good
+food, good clothes and a good place ter sleep.
+
+My mother died before de war, but Miss Melvina wus so good ter us we
+didn't know so much difference. Mother wus de first person I remember
+seein' dead. When she died Miss Melvina, marster's wife, called us
+chillun in and says, 'Chillun your mother is dead, but anything in dis
+kitchen you wants ter eat go take it, but don't slip nuthin'. If you slip
+it you will soon be stealin' things.' I had four brothers and one
+sister, and none of us never got into trouble 'bout stealin'. She taught
+us ter let other people's things alone.
+
+My father wus named Waddy Crowder. My mother wus named Neelie Crowder.
+Grandpa was named Jacob Crowder and grandma was named Sylvia Crowder. I
+know dem jist as good as if it wus yisterday.
+
+Never went ter school a day in my life. I can't read an' write. Dey
+would not 'low slaves ter have books, no sir reee, no, dat dey wouldn't.
+We went wid de white folks to church; dey were good ter us, dat's de
+truth. Dere aint many people dat knows 'bout dem good times. Dey had a
+lot o' big dinners and when de white folks got through I would go up and
+eat all I wanted.
+
+I 'member choppin' cotton on Clabber branch when I wus a little boy
+before de surrender. When de surrender come I didn't like it. Daddy an'
+de udders didn't like it, 'cause after de surrender dey had to pay
+marster fer de meat an' things. Before dat dey didn't have nuthin' to do
+but work. Dere were eight slaves on de place in slavery time. Clabber
+branch run into Swift Creek. Lord have mercy, I have caught many a fish
+on dat branch. I also piled brush in de winter time. Birds went in de
+brush ter roost. Den we went bird blindin'. We had torches made o'
+lightwood splinters, and brushes in our han's, we hit de piles o' brush
+after we got 'round 'em. When de birds come out we would kill 'em. Dere
+were lots o' birds den. We killed' em at night in the sage fields[5]
+where broom grass was thick. Dem were de good times. No sich times now.
+We killed robins, doves, patridges and other kinds o' birds. Dey aint
+no such gangs o' birds now. We briled 'em over coals o' fire and fried
+'em in fryin' pans, and sometimes we had a bird stew, wid all de birds
+we wanted. De stew wus de bes' o' all. Dere aint no sich stews now. We
+put flour in de stew. It was made into pastry first, and we called it
+slick. When we cooked chicken wid it we called it chicken slick.
+
+Dere were no overseers on our plantation. Marster wouldn't let you have
+any money on Sunday. He would not trade on Sunday. He would not handle
+money matters on Monday, but 'ceptin' dese two days if you went to him
+he would keep you. He was who a good ole man. Dat's de truf.
+
+The Ku Klux would certainly work on you. If dey caught you out of your
+place dey would git wid you. I don't remember anything 'bout de
+Freedman's Bureau but de Ku Klux Klan was something all niggers wus
+scared of. Yes sir, dey would get wid you. Dats right. Ha! Ha! Dat's
+right.
+
+I never seen a slave whupped, no sir, I never see a slave sold. I saw
+de speculators do'. I saw de patterollers, but dey didn't never whup my
+daddy. Dey run him one time, but dey couldn't cotch him. Marster Crowder
+allus give daddy a pass when he asked fer it.
+
+I believe ole marster an' ole missus went right on ter Heaven, Yes, I
+do believe dat. Dat's de truf. Yes, my Lawd, I would like to see' em
+right now. Dere is only one o' de old crowd livin', an' dat is Miss
+Cora. She stays right here in Raleigh.
+
+We used to have candy pullin's, an' I et more ash cakes den anybody. We
+cooked ash cakes out o' meal. We had dances in de winter time, and other
+plays. I played marbles an' runnin' an' jumpin' when I wus a chile. Dey
+give us sasafrac tea sweetened to eat wid bread. It shore wus mighty
+good. My father never married enny more. He settled right down after de
+war and farmed fer his old marster and all we chillun stayed. We didn't
+want ter leave, an' I would be wid 'em right now if dey wus livin'.
+
+I got married when I wus 21 years old, and moved ter myself in a little
+house on de plantation. De house is standin' dere now, de house where I
+lived den. I seed it de udder day when I went out dere to clean off my
+wife's grave. I married Lula Hatcher. She died 'bout ten years ago. I
+married her in Georgia. I stayed dere a long time when missus' brother,
+Wiley Clemmons, went ter Georgia ter run turpentine an' tuck me wid him.
+I stayed dere till he died; an' Mr. Tom Crowder went after him an'
+brought him back home an' buried him at de ole home place. He is buried
+right dere at de Crowder place.
+
+I have worked wid some o' de Crowders mos' all my life and I miss dem
+people, when one of 'em dies. Dey allus give my daddy outside patches,
+and he made good on it. He cleaned up seven acres, and do you know how
+he fenced it? Wid nuthin' but bresh. An' hogs an' cows didn't go in dere
+neither. We had lots o' game ter eat. Marster 'lowed my daddy ter hunt
+wid a gun, and he killed a lot o' rabbits, squirrels, an' game. We
+trapped birds an' caught rabbits in boxes. Daddy caught possums an'
+coons wid dogs. One o' my brothers is livin' at Garner, N. C. I am four
+years older den he is. From what little judgment I got I thought a right
+smart o' Abraham Lincoln, but I tells you de truf Mr. Roosevelt has done
+a lot o' good. Dats de truf. I likes him.
+
+[Footnote 5: The Negroes call the tall grass sage.]
+
+AC
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320243]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      585
+Subject:        ADELINE CRUMP
+Story Teller:   Adeline Crump
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+ADELINE CRUMP
+526 Cannon Street
+
+
+My name is Adeline Crump, and I am 73 years old. My husband's name wus
+James Crump. My mother's wus Marie Cotton and my father's name wus
+Cotton. My mother belonged to the Faucetts; Rich Faucett wus her
+marster. Father belonged to the Cottons; Wright Cotton wus his marster.
+My maiden name wus Cotton. Mother and father said they were treated all
+right and that they loved their white folks. They gave them patches,
+clothed them tolerably well, and seed that they got plenty to eat. The
+hours of work wus long. Nearbout everybody worked long hours then, but
+they said they wus not mistreated 'bout nothing. When they got sick
+marster got a doctor, if they wus bad off sick.
+
+They wus allowed holidays Christmas and at lay-by time, an' they wus
+'lowed to hunt possums an' coons at night an' ketch rabbits in gums.
+They also caught birds in traps made of splinters split from pine wood.
+
+Mother and father had no learnin'. They would not allow them to learn
+to read and write. Marster wus keerful 'bout that. I cannot read an'
+write. My mother and father told me many stories 'bout the patterollers
+and Ku Klux. A nigger better have a pass when he went visitin' or if
+they caught him they tore up his back. The Ku Klux made the niggers
+think they could drink a well full of water. They carried rubber things
+under their clothes and a rubber pipe leadin' to a bucket o' water. The
+water bag helt the water they did not drink it. Guess you have heard
+people tell 'bout they drinking so much water.
+
+Marster didn't have no overseers to look after his slaves. He done that
+hisself with the help o' some o' his men slaves. Sometimes he made 'em
+foreman and my mother and father said they all got along mighty fine.
+The colored folks went to the white folk's church and had prayer meeting
+in their homes.
+
+Mother lived in the edge o' marster's yard. When the surrender come
+after the war they stayed on the plantation right on and lived on
+marster's land. They built log houses after de war cause marster let all
+his slaves stay right on his plantation. My mother had twenty-one
+chillun. She had twins five times. I was a twin and Emaline wus my
+sister. She died 'bout thirty years ago. She left 11 chillun when she
+died. I never had but four chillun. All my people are dead, I is de only
+one left.
+
+Marster's plantation was 'bout six miles from Merry Oaks in Chatham
+County. We moved to Merry Oaks when I wus fourteen years old. I married
+at seventeen. I have lived in North Carolina all my life. We moved to
+Raleigh from Merry Oaks long time ago. My husband died here seventeen
+years ago. I worked after my husband died, washin' and ironin' for
+white folks till I am not able to work no more. Hain't worked any in fo'
+years. Charity don't help me none. My chillun gives me what I gits.
+
+Slavery wus a bad thing, cause from what mother and father tole me all
+slaves didn't fare alike. Some fared good an' some bad. I don't know
+enough 'bout Abraham Lincoln an' Mr. Roosevelt to talk about 'em. No, I
+don't know just what to say. I sho' hopes you will quit axin' me so many
+things cause I forgot a lot mother and father tole me.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320232]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          844
+Subject:            BILL CRUMP
+Person Interviewed: Bill Crump
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+[HW: "photo"]
+
+BILL CRUMP
+Ex-Slave Story
+
+An interview with Bill Crump, 82 of State prison, Raleigh North
+Carolina.
+
+
+I reckon dat I wus borned in Davidson County on de plantation of Mr.
+Whitman Smith, my mammy's marster.
+
+My daddy wus named Tom an' he 'longed ter Mr. Ben Murry fust an' later
+ter Mr. Jimmy Crump. Daddy wus named atter his young marster. Dey lived
+in Randolph, de county next ter Davidson whar me mammy an' de rest of de
+chilluns, Alt, George, Harriet, Sarah, Mary an' de baby libed.
+
+Both of de marsters wus good ter us, an' dar wus plenty ter eat an'
+w'ar, an' right many jubilees. We ain't none of de dozen er so of us
+eber got a whuppin', case we ain't desarved no whuppin'; why, dar wusn't
+eben a cowhide whup anywhar on de place. We wucked in de fie'ls from
+sunup ter sundown mos' o' de time, but we had a couple of hours at
+dinner time ter swim or lay on de banks uv de little crick an' sleep.
+Ober 'bout sundown marster let us go swim ag'in iff'en we wanted ter do
+it.
+
+De marster let us have some chickens, a shoat an' a gyarden, an' 'tater
+patch, an' we had time off ter wuck 'em. In season we preserved our own
+fruits fer de winter an' so we larned not ter be so heaby on de
+marster's han's.
+
+My daddy wus a fiddler, an' he sometimes played fer de dances at de
+Cross Roads, a little village near de marster's place. All what ain't
+been mean could go, but de mean ones can't, an' de rest o' us has ter
+habe a pass ter keep de patterollers from gittin us.
+
+Yes mam, we had our fun at de dances, co'n chuckin's, candy pullin's,
+an' de gatherin's an' we sarbed de marster better by habin' our fun.
+
+I'se seed a bunch o' slaves sold a heap of times an' I neber seed no
+chains on nobody. Dey jist stood dem on de table front of de post office
+at Cross Roads an' sol' 'em ter de one what bids de highes'.
+
+We hyard a whisper 'bout some slaves bein' beat ter death, but I ain't
+neber seed a slave git a lick of no kin', course atter de war I seed de
+Ku Klux runnin' mean niggers.
+
+Dar wus no marryin' on de plantation, iffen a nigger wants a 'oman he
+has got ter buy her or git her marster's permit, den dey am married.
+
+When one o' de slaves wus sick he had a doctor fast as lightnin', an'
+when de died he wus set up wid one night. De marster would gibe de
+mourners a drink o' wine mebbe, an' dey'd mo'n, an' shout, an' sing all
+de night long, while de cop'se laid out on de coolin' board, which
+'minds me of a tale.
+
+Onct we wus settin' up wid a nigger, 'fore de war an' hit bein' a hot
+night de wine wus drunk an' de mo'ners wus settin' front o' de do'
+eatin' watermillons while de daid man laid on de coolin' board. Suddenly
+one of de niggers looks back in at de do', an' de daid man am settin' up
+on de coolin' board lookin right at him. De man what sees hit hollers,
+an' all de rest what has been wishin 'dat de daid man can enjoy de wine
+an' de watermillons am sorry dat he has comed back.
+
+Dey doan take time ter say hit do', case dey am gone ter de big house.
+De marster am brave so he comes ter see, an' he says dat hit am only
+restrictions o' de muscles.
+
+De nex' mornin', as am de way, dey puts de man in a pine box made by
+'nother slave an' dey totes him from de cabin ter de marster's buryin'
+groun' at de cedars; an' de slaves bury's him while de marster an' his
+fambly looks on.
+
+I doan know much 'bout de Yankees case de warn't none 'cept de skirtin'
+parties comed our way.
+
+Atter de war we stays on fer four or five years mebbe, an' I goes ter
+school two weeks. De teacher wus Mr. Edmund Knights from de No'th.
+
+I'se sarbed four years an' ten months of a eight ter twelve stretch fer
+killin' a man. Dis man an' a whole gang o' us wus at his house gamblin'.
+I had done quit drinkin' er mont' er so 'fore dat, but dey 'sists on
+hit, but I 'fuses. Atter 'while he pours some on me an' I cusses him,
+den he cusses me, an' he says dat he am gwine ter kill me, an' he
+follers me down de road. I turns roun' an' shoots him.
+
+Dat am all of my story 'cept dat I has seen a powerful heap of ghostes
+an' I knows dat dey comes in white an' black, an' dat dey am in de shape
+er dogs, mens, an' eber'thing dat you can have a mind to.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2.              [320148]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          652
+Subject:            CHARLIE CRUMP
+Person Interviewed: Charlie Crump
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "--- 11 1937"]
+
+CHARLIE CRUMP
+Ex-Slave Story
+
+An interview with Charlie Crump 82 of Cary (near)
+
+
+I wuz borned at Evan's Ferry in Lee or Chatham County, an' I belonged
+ter Mr. Davis Abernathy an' his wife Mis' Vick. My pappy wuz named
+Ridge, an' my mammy wuz named Marthy. My brothers wuz Stokes an' Tucker,
+an' my sisters wuz Lula an' Liddy Ann. Dar wuz nine o' us in all, but
+some o' dem wuz sold, an' some o' dem wuz dead.
+
+De Abernathy's wuzn't good ter us, we got very little ter eat, nothin'
+ter wear an' a whole lot o' whuppin's. Dey ain't had no slaves 'cept
+seben or eight, in fact, dey wuz pore white trash tryin' ter git rich;
+so dey make us wuck.
+
+Dey wucks us from daylight till dark, an' sometimes we jist gits one
+meal a day. De marster says dat empty niggers am good niggers an' dat
+full niggers has got de debil in dem. An' we ain't 'lowed ter go nowhar
+at night, dat is if dey knowed it. I'se seed de time dat niggers from
+all ober de neighborhood gang up an' have fun anyhow, but if dey hyard
+de patterollers comin' gallopin' on a hoss dey'd fly. Crap shootin' wuz
+de style den, but a heap of times dey can't find nothin ter bet.
+
+I toted water, case dat's all I wuz big enough ter do, an' lemmie tell
+yo' dat when de war wuz ober I ain't had nary a sprig of hair on my
+haid, case de wooden buckets what I toted on it wored it plumb off.
+
+When we got hongry an' could fin' a pig, a calf or a chicken, no matter
+who it had belonged to, it den belonged ter us. We raised a heap o' cane
+an' we et brown sugar. Hit 's funny dat de little bit dey gibed us wuz
+what dey now calls wholesome food, an' hit shore make big husky
+niggers.
+
+My mammy had more grit dan any gal I now knows of has in her craw. She
+plowed a hateful little donkey dat wuz about as hongry as she wuz, an'
+he wuz a cuss if'en dar eber wuz one. Mammy wuz a little brown gal, den,
+tough as nails an' she ain't axin' dat donkey no odds at all. She uster
+take him out at twelve an' start fer de house an' dat donkey would hunch
+up his back an' swear dat she wuzn't gwine ter ride him home. Mammy
+would swear dat she would, an' de war would be on. He'd throw her, but
+she'd git back on an' atter she'd win de fight he'd go fer de house as
+fast as a scaulded dog.
+
+When we hyard dat de Yankees wuz comin' we wuz skeerd, case Marse
+Abernathy told us dat dey'd skin us alive. I'members hit wuz de last o'
+April or de fust o' May when dey comed, an' I had started fer de cane
+fil' wid a bucket o' water on my haid, but when I sees dem Yankees
+comin' I draps de bucket an' runs.
+
+De folks thar 'bouts burnt de bridge crost de ribber, but de Yankees
+carried a rope bridge wid 'em, so dey crossed anyhow.
+
+Dem Yankees tuck eber thing dat dey saw eben to our kush, what we had
+cooked fer our supper. Kush wuz cornmeal, onions, red pepper, salt an'
+grease, dat is if we had any grease. Dey killed all de cows, pigs,
+chickens an' stold all de hosses an' mules.
+
+We wuz glad ter be free, an' lemmie tell yo', we shore cussed ole
+marster out 'fore we left dar; den we comed ter Raleigh. I'se always
+been a farmer an' I'se made right good. I lak de white folkses an' dey
+laks me but I'll tell yo' Miss, I'd ruther be a nigger any day dan to be
+lak my ole white folks wuz.
+
+M. A. H.
+L. E.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320050]
+Worker:         Mary Hicks
+No. Words:      10,018
+Subject:        BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR
+Story Teller:   MATTIE CURTIS
+Editor:         George L. Andrews
+
+[HW: 8/31/37]
+
+BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR
+
+An interview with Mattie Curtis, 98 years old, of Raleigh,
+North Carolina, Route # 4.
+
+
+I wus borned on de plantation of Mr. John Hayes in Orange County
+ninety-eight years ago. Seberal of de chilluns had been sold 'fore de
+speculator come an' buyed mammy, pappy an' we three chilluns. De
+speculator wus named Bebus an' he lived in Henderson, but he meant to
+sell us in de tobacco country.
+
+We come through Raleigh an' de fust thing dat I 'members good wus goin'
+through de paper mill on Crabtree. We traveled on ter Granville County
+on de Granville Tobacco path till a preacher named Whitfield buyed us.
+He lived near de Granville an' Franklin County line, on de Granville
+side.
+
+Preacher Whitfield, bein' a preacher, wus supposed to be good, but he
+ain't half fed ner clothed his slaves an' he whupped 'em bad. I'se seen
+him whup my mammy wid all de clothes offen her back. He'd buck her down
+on a barrel an' beat de blood outen her. Dar wus some difference in his
+beatin' from de neighbors. De folks round dar 'ud whup in de back yard,
+but Marse Whitfield 'ud have de barrel carried in his parlor fer de
+beatin'.
+
+We ain't had no sociables, but we went to church on Sunday an' dey
+preached to us dat we'd go ter hell alive iffen we sassed our white
+folks.
+
+Speakin' 'bout clothes, I went as naked as Yo' han' till I wus fourteen
+years old. I wus naked like dat when my nature come to me. Marse
+Whitfield ain't carin', but atter dat mammy tol' him dat I had ter have
+clothes.
+
+Marse Whitfield ain't never pay fer us so finally we wus sold to Mis'
+Fanny Long in Franklin County. Dat 'oman wus a debil iffen dar eber wus
+one. When I wus little I had picked up de fruit, fanned flies offen de
+table wid a peafowl fan an' nussed de little slave chilluns. De las' two
+or three years I had worked in de fiel' but at Mis' Long's I worked in
+de backer factory.
+
+Yes mam, she had a backer factory whar backer wus stemmed, rolled an'
+packed in cases fer sellin'. Dey said dat she had got rich on sellin'
+chawin' terbacker.
+
+We wus at Mis' Long's when war wus declared, 'fore dat she had been
+purty good, but she am a debil now. Her son am called ter de war an' he
+won't go. Dey comes an' arrests him, den his mammy tries ter pay him
+out, but dat ain't no good.
+
+De officers sez dat he am yaller an' dat day am gwine ter shoot his
+head off an' use hit fer a soap gourd. De Yankees did shoot him down
+here at Bentonville an' Mis' Long went atter de body. De Confederates
+has got de body but dey won't let her have it fer love ner money. Dey
+laughs an' tells her how yaller he am an' dey buries him in a ditch like
+a dog.
+
+Mis' Long has been bad enough fore den but atter her son is dead she
+sez dat she am gwine ter fight till she draps dead. De nex' day she
+sticks de shot gun in mammy's back an' sez dat she am gwine ter shoot
+her dead. Mammy smiles an' tells her dat she am ready ter go. Mis' Long
+turns on me an' tells me ter go ter de peach tree an' cut her ten limbs
+'bout a yard long, dis I does an' atter she ties dem in a bundle she
+wears dem out on me at a hundret licks. Lemmie tell yo', dar wus pieces
+of de peach tree switches stickin' all in my bloody back when she got
+through.
+
+Atter dat Mis' Long ain't done nothin' but whup us an' fight till she
+shore nuff wore out.
+
+De Yankee captain come ter our place an tol' us dat de lan' was goin'
+ter be cut up an' divided among de slaves, dey would also have a mule
+an' a house apiece.
+
+I doan know how come hit but jist 'fore de end of de war we come ter
+Moses Mordicia's place, right up de hill from here. He wus mean too,
+he'd get drunk an' whup niggers all day off' an' on. He'd keep dem tied
+down dat long too, sometimes from sunrise till dark.
+
+Mr. Mordicia had his yaller gals in one quarter ter dereselves an' dese
+gals belongs ter de Mordicia men, dere friends an' de overseers. When a
+baby wus born in dat quarter dey'd sen' hit over ter de black quarter
+at birth. Dey do say dat some of dese gal babies got grown an' atter
+goin' back ter de yaller quarter had more chilluns fer her own daddy or
+brother. De Thompson's sprung from dat set an' dey say dat a heap of dem
+is halfwits fer de reason dat I has jist tol' yo'. Dem yaller wimen wus
+highfalutin' too, dey though [HW correction: thought] dey wus better dan
+de black ones.
+
+Has yo' ever wondered why de yaller wimen dese days am meaner dan black
+ones 'bout de men? Well dat's de reason fer hit, dere mammies raised dem
+to think 'bout de white men.
+
+When de Yankees come dey come an' freed us. De woods wus full of Rebs
+what had deserted, but de Yankees killed some of dem.
+
+Some sort of corporation cut de land up, but de slaves ain't got none
+of it dat I ever heard about.
+
+I got married before de war to Joshua Curtis. I loved him too, which is
+more dam most folks can truthfully say. I always had craved a home an' a
+plenty to eat, but freedom ain't give us notin' but pickled hoss meat
+an' dirty crackers, an' not half enough of dat.
+
+Josh ain't really care 'bout no home but through dis land corporation I
+buyed dese fifteen acres on time. I cut down de big trees dat wus all
+over dese fields an' I milled out de wood an' sold hit, den I plowed up
+de fields an' planted dem. Josh did help to build de house an' he worked
+out some.
+
+All of dis time I had nineteen chilluns an' Josh died, but I kep' on
+an' de fifteen what is dead lived to be near 'bout grown, ever one of
+dem.
+
+Right atter de war northern preachers come around wid a little book
+a-marrying slaves an' I seed one of dem marry my pappy an' mammy. Atter
+dis dey tried to find dere fourteen oldest chilluns what wus sold away,
+but dey never did find but three of dem.
+
+But you wants ter find out how I got along. I'll never fergit my first
+bale of cotton an' how I got hit sold. I wus some proud of dat bale of
+cotton, an' atter I had hit ginned I set out wid hit on my steercart fer
+Raleigh. De white folks hated de nigger den, 'specially de nigger what
+wus makin' somethin' so I dasen't ax nobody whar de market wus.
+
+I thought dat I could find de place by myself, but I rid all day an'
+had to take my cotton home wid me dat night 'case I can't find no place
+to sell hit at. But dat night I think hit over an' de nex' day I goes'
+back an' axes a policeman 'bout de market. Lo an' behold chile, I foun'
+hit on Blount Street, an' I had pass by hit seberal times de day
+before.
+
+I done a heap of work at night too, all of my sewin' an' such an' de
+piece of lan' near de house over dar ain't never got no work 'cept at
+night. I finally paid fer de land. Some of my chilluns wus borned in de
+field too. When I wus to de house we had a granny an' I blowed in a
+bottle to make de labor quick an' easy.
+
+Dis young generation ain't worth shucks. Fifteen years ago I hired a
+big buck nigger to help me shrub an' 'fore leben o'clock he passed out
+on me. You know 'bout leben o'clock in July hit gits in a bloom. De
+young generation wid dere schools an dere divorcing ain't gwine ter git
+nothin' out of life. Hit wus better when folks jist lived tergether.
+Dere loafin' gits dem inter trouble an' dere novels makes dem bad
+husban's an' wives too.
+
+EH
+
+
+
+
+By Miss Nancy Woodburn Watkins          [320227]
+Rockingham County
+Madison, North Carolina
+
+[TR: No. Words: 1,165]
+
+Ex-Slave Biography--Charles Lee Dalton, 93.
+
+
+In July, 1934, the census taker went to the home of Unka Challilee
+Dalton and found that soft talking old darky on the porch of his several
+roomed house, a few hundred feet south of the dirt road locally called
+the Ayersville road because it branches from the hard surfaced highway
+to Mayodan at Anderson Scales' store, a short distance from Unka
+Challilie's. Black got its meaning from his face, even his lips were
+black, but his hair was whitening. His lean body was reclining while
+the white cased pillows of his night bed sunned on a chair. His
+granddaughter kept house for him the census taker learned. Unka
+Challilie said: "I'se got so I ain't no count fuh nuthin. I wuz uh
+takin' me a nap uh sleepin' (' AM). Dem merry-go-wheels keep up sich a
+racket all nite, sech a racket all nite, ah cyan't sleep." This
+disturbance was "The Red Wolfe Medicine Troop of Players and Wheels"
+near Anderson Scales' store in the forks of the Mayodan and the
+Ayresville roads.
+
+In 1937 in the home of his son, Unka Challilie ninety-three, told the
+cause of his no "countness." "I wuz clean-up man in de mill in Mayodan
+ontill three years ago, I got too trimbly to git amongst de machinery.
+Daze frade I'd fall and git cut."
+
+I cum tuh Madison forty-five yeah ago, and I bought one acre, and built
+me a house on it, an' razed my leben chillun dyah. My wife was Ellen
+Irving of Reidsville. We had a cow, pigs, chickens, and gyardum of
+vegetables to hope out what I got paid at de mill.
+
+Nome I nevah learned to read an write. Ounct I thought mebbe I'd git
+sum lunnin but aftah I got married, I didn't think I would.
+
+My old Marse wuz Marse Lee Dalton and I stayed on his plantation till
+forty-five years ago when I cum tuh Madison. His place wuz back up dyah
+close tuh. Mt. Herman Church. Nome we slaves ain't learn no letters, but
+sumtimes young mistis' 'd read de Bible tuh us. Day wuz pretty good tuh
+us, but sumtimes I'd ketch uh whippin'. I wuz a hoe boy and plow man. My
+mothers' name wuz Silvia Dalton and my daddy's name wuz Peter Dalton.
+Day belonged to Marse Lee and his wife wuz Miss Matilda Steeples
+(Staples). Marse Lee lived on Beaver Island Creek at the John Hampton
+Price place. Mr. Price bought it. He married Miss Mollie Dalton, Marse
+Lee's daughter. Dyah's uh ole graveyard dyah whah lots uh Daltons is
+buried but no culled fokes. Day is buried to the side uh Stoneville
+wiff no white fokes a-tall berried dyah. De ole Daltons wuz berried on
+de Ole Jimmy Scales plantation. Day bought hit, an little John Price
+what runs uh tuhbaccah warehouse in Madison owns hit now. (1937) His
+tenant is Marse Walt Hill, an hits five miles frum Madison. I knose whah
+de old Deatherage graveyard is, too, up close to Stoneville whah sum
+Daltons is berried. Ole Marse Lee's mother was a Deatherage.
+
+Ole Marse was kind to us, an' I stayed on his plantation an' farmed
+till I kum to Madison. Dee Yankees, day didn't giv us nuthin so we had
+kinduh to live off'n old Marse.
+
+Fuh ayteen yuz I kin member ah de Mefodis Church byah in Madison. I
+wuzn't converted unduh de Holiness preachment uh James Foust but duh de
+revival of Reverend William Scales. William didn't bare much lunnin. His
+wife wuz Mittie Scales an huh mother wuz Chlocy Scales, sister to Tommie
+Scales, de shoemaker, what died lase summuh (July, 1936). William jes
+wanted so much tuh preach, and Mittie hoped him. I'se been uh class
+leader, an uh stewart, an uh trustee in de church. It's St. Stephen's
+and de new brick church was built in 1925, an Mistuh John Wilson's son
+wrote uh peace uh bout hit in de papuh. De fuss chuch wuz down dyah
+cross de street fum Jim Foust's "tabernacle." But de fuss cullud chuch
+in Madison wuz a Union chuch over dyah by de Presbyterian graveyard whah
+now is de Gyartuh factry. An' Jane Richardson wuz de leader.
+
+Yess'm I got so no count, I had to cum live with mah son, Frank Dalton.
+Frank married Mattie Cardwell. You remembuh Mary Mann? She married
+Anderson Cardwell. Day's bofe dade long time. Days berried jess up hyuh
+at Mayodan whah Mr. Bollin's house is on and dem new bungyloes is on top
+um, too. Uh whole lots uh cullud people berried in dah with de slaves of
+Ole Miss Nancy (Watkins) Webster on till de Mayo Mills got started and
+day built Mayhodan at de Mayo Falls. An' dat's whah my daughter-in-law's
+folks is berried.
+
+My leben chillun--Frank, one died in West Virginia; Cora married Henry
+Cardwell; Hattie married Roy Current and bafe ob dem in Winston; Della
+married Arthur Adkins, an' Joe, an' George an' Perry an' Nathaniel
+Dalton, an'.
+
+Yes'm mah daughter-in-law has de writings about de brick chuch, dem
+whut started hit, an' she'll put it out whah she can git hit fuh you
+easy, when you coun back fuh hit.
+
+Nome, up at Marse Lee Dalton's fob de s'renduh us slaves didn't nevuh
+go tuh chuch. But young Miss'ud read de Bible to us sometimes.
+
+Here in the five room, white painted cottage of his son, Frank, Unka
+Challilie is kindly cared for by his daughter-in-law, Mattie. A front
+porch faces the Mayodan hard road a few doors from the "coppubration
+line." A well made arch accents the entrance to the front walk. A
+climbing rose flourishes on the arch. Well kept grass with flowers on
+the edges show Mattie's love. At the right side is the vegetable garden,
+invaded by several big domineckuh chickens. A kudzu vine keeps out the
+hot west sun. Unka Challilie sits on the front porch and nods to his
+friends [HW: , or] else back in the kitchen, he sits and watches Mattie
+iron after he has eaten his breakfast. Several hens come on the back
+porch and lay in boxes there. One is "uh settin" fuh fried chicken
+later! A walnut tree, "uh white wawnut", waves its long dangly green
+blooms as the leaves are half grown in the early May. Well dressed,
+clean, polite, comforted with his religion, but very "trimbly" even on
+his stout walking stick, Unka Challilie often dozes away his "no
+countness" with "uh napuh sleepin" while the mad rush of traffic and
+tourist wheels stir the rose climbing over the entrance arch. An
+ex-slave who started wiff nuffin de Yankees gave him, who lived on his
+old Marse's place ontil he wuz forty-eight, who cleaned the Mayo Mills
+ontill he wuz too trimbly to get amongst de machinery, who raised eleven
+children on an acre of red Rockingham county hillside, faces the next
+move with plenty to eat, wear, plenty time to take a nap uh sleepin.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320281]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      386
+Subject:        JOHN DANIELS
+Story Teller:   John Daniels
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+JOHN DANIELS
+Ex-Slave Story [HW: (?)]
+
+
+I'se named fer my pappy's ole massa down in Spartanburg, South
+Carolina, course I doan know nothin' 'bout no war, case I warn't borned.
+I does 'member seein' de ole 'big house' do', maybe you want me ter tell
+you how hit looked?
+
+It wuz a big white two-story house at de end uv a magnolia lane an'
+a-settin' in a big level fiel'. Back o' de big house wuz de ole slave
+cabins whar my folks uster live.
+
+Dey said dat de massa wuz good ter 'em, but dat sometimes in de mo'nin'
+dey jist has lasses an' co'nbread fer breakfas'.
+
+I started ter tell you 'bout de Joe Moe do'.
+
+You mebbe doan know hit, but de prisoners hyar doan git de blues so bad
+if de company comes on visitin' days, an' de mail comes reg'lar. We's
+always gittin' up somepin' ter have a little fun, so somebody gits up de
+Joe Moe.
+
+Yo' sees dat when a new nigger comes in he am skeerd an' has got de
+blues. Somebody goes ter cheer him up an' dey axes him hadn't he ruther
+be hyar dan daid. Yo' see he am moughty blue den, so mebbe he says dat
+he'd ruther be daid; den dis feller what am tryin' ter cheer him tells
+him dat all right he sho' will die dat [HW correction: 'cause] he's got
+de Joe Moe put on him.
+
+Seberal days atter dis de new nigger fin's a little rag full of somepin
+twix de bed an' mattress an' he axes what hit am. Somebody tells him dat
+hit am de Joe Moe, an' dey tells him dat de only way he can git de spell
+off am ter git de bag off on somebody else. Ever'body but him knows'
+bout hit so de Joe Moe keeps comin' back till a new one comes in an' he
+l'arns de joke.
+
+Talkin' 'bout ghostes I wants ter tell you dat de air am full of 'em.
+Dar's a strip from de groun' 'bout four feet high which am light on de
+darkes' night, case hit can't git dark down dar. Git down an' crawl an'
+yo'll see a million laigs of eber' kin' an' if'en you lis'ens you'll
+hyar a little groanin' an' den you has gone through a warm spot.
+
+B. N.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320186]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      725
+Subject:        HARRIET ANN DAVES
+Story Teller:   Harriet Ann Daves
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+HARRIET ANN DAVES
+601 E. Cabarrus Street
+
+
+My full name is Harriet Ann Daves, I like to be called Harriet Ann. If
+my mother called me when she was living, I didn't want to answer her
+unless she called me Harriet Ann. I was born June 6, 1856. Milton
+Waddell, my mother's marster was my father, and he never denied me to
+anybody.
+
+My mother was a slave but she was white. I do not know who my mother's
+father was. My mother was Mary Collins. She said that her father was an
+Indian. My mother's mother was Mary Jane Collins, and she was
+white--maybe part Indian. My grandfather was old man William D. Waddell,
+a white man. I was born in Virginia near Orange Courthouse. The Waddells
+moved to Lexington, Missouri, after I was born. I guess some of the
+family would not like it if they knew I was telling this. We had good
+food and a nice place to live. I was nothing but a child, but I know,
+and remember that I was treated kindly. I remember the surrender very
+well. When the surrender came my grandfather came to mother and told
+her: 'Well, you are as free as I am.' That was William D. Waddell. He
+was one of the big shots among the white folks.
+
+My white grandmother wanted mother to give me to her entirely. She said
+she had more right to me than my Indian grandmother that she had plenty
+to educate and care for me. My mother would not give me to her, and she
+cried. My mother gave me to my Indian grandmother. I later went back to
+my mother.
+
+While we were in Missouri some of my father's people, a white girl,
+sent for me to come up to the great house. I had long curls and was
+considered pretty. The girl remarked, 'Such a pretty child' and kissed
+me. She afterwards made a remark to which my father who was there, my
+white father, took exception telling her I was his child and that I was
+as good as she was. I remember this incident very distinctly.
+
+My mother had two children by the same white man, my father. The other
+was a girl. She died in California. My father never married. He loved my
+mother, and he said if he could not marry Mary he did not want to marry.
+Father said he did not want any other woman. My father was good to me.
+He would give me anything I asked him for. Mother would make me ask him
+for things for her. She said it was no harm for me to ask him for things
+for her which she could not get unless I asked him for them. When the
+surrender came my mother told my father she was tired of living that
+kind of a life, that if she could not be his legal wife she wouldn't be
+anything to him, so she left and went to Levenworth, Kansas. She died
+there in 1935. I do not know where my father is, living or dead, or what
+became of him.
+
+I can read and write well. They did not teach us to read and write in
+slavery days. I went to a school opened by the Yankees after the
+surrender.
+
+I went with my mother to Levenworth, Kansas. She sent me to school in
+Flat, Nebraska. I met my husband there. My first husband was Elisha
+Williams; I ran away from school in Flat, and married him. He brought me
+to Raleigh. He was born and raised in Wake County. We lived together
+about a year when he died July 1st, 1872. There was one child born to us
+which died in infancy.
+
+I married the second time Rufus H. Daves in 1875. He was practically a
+white man. He wouldn't even pass for a mulatto. He used to belong to the
+Haywoods. He died in 1931 in Raleigh.
+
+I think Abraham Lincoln was a fine, conscientious man; my mother
+worshipped him, but he turned us out without anything to eat or live on.
+I don't think Mr. Roosevelt is either hot or cold--just a normal man.
+
+AC
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320257]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      429
+Subject:        JERRY DAVIS
+Story Teller:   Jerry Davis
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 26 1937"]
+
+JERRY DAVIS
+Ex-Slave Story
+and
+Folk Tale
+
+An interview with Jerry Davis 74 of 228 E. South Street, Raleigh, North
+Carolina.
+
+
+I wus borned in Warren County ter Mataldia an' Jordan Davis. Dere wus
+twenty-two o' us chilluns, an' natu'ally Marster Sam Davis laked my
+mammy an' daddy. He owned two hundert an' sebenty slaves, an' three,
+four, or five scopes o' lan'.
+
+Marster wus good ter us, he gibe us plenty ter eat, an' w'ar, an' he
+wus good an' kind in his talkin'. I warn't big 'nuff ter do much 'sides
+min' de chickens, an' sich lak.
+
+I doan 'member so much 'bout de Yankees comin' 'cept sein' dem, an' dat
+dey gibe my pappy a new blue overcoat an' dat I slep' on it onct er
+twict. I knows dat de Yankees wus good ter de niggers but dey warn't so
+good ter de ole Issues. Dey did 'stroy most eber'thing do'.
+
+I can't 'member, but I'se hyard my mammy tell o' dances, co'n
+shuckin's, wrestlin' matches, candy pullin's an' sich things dat wus had
+by de slaves dem days.
+
+My pappy tol' me 'bout de cock fights in de big pits at Warrenton an'
+how dat when de roosters got killed de owner often gibe de dead bird ter
+him. I'se also hyard him tell 'bout de hoss races an' 'bout Marster
+Sam's fine hosses.
+
+I knows dat de marster an' missus wus good case my mammy an' daddy
+'sisted on stayin' right on atter de war, an' so dey died an' was buried
+dar on Marster Sam's place.
+
+I wucked in de Dupont Powder plant durin' de World War but I wus
+discharged case I had acid injury.
+
+Yessum, I'll tell you de only rale ole tale dat I knows an' dat am de
+story' bout----Jack.
+
+
+JACK
+
+Onct dar wus a white man down in Beaufort County what owned a nigger
+named Jack. Dis man owned a boat an' he was fer ever more goin' boat
+ridin', fer days an' nights. He larned Jack how ter steer an' often he'd
+go ter sleep leavin' Jack at de wheel, wid 'structions ter steer always
+by de seben stars.
+
+One night as Jack steered for his master to sleep, Jack suddenly fell
+asleep too. When he awake it wuz jist at de crack of dawn so no stars
+wus dar.
+
+Jack went flyin' ter de marster hollerin', 'please sur marster, hang up
+some mo' stars, I done run by dem seben'.
+
+
+JACK AND THE DEVIL
+
+Onct Jack an' de debil got inter a 'spute 'bout who can throw a rock de
+ferderest. De debil sez dat he can throw a rock so fur dat hit won't
+come down in three days.
+
+Iffen you can throw a rock furder dan dat, sez de debil, I'll give you
+yer freedom.
+
+De debil chunks a rock an' hit goes up an' stays fer three days. When
+hit comes down Jack picks hit up an' he 'lows, 'Good Lawd, move de stars
+an' de moon case dar's a rock comin' ter heaben'.
+
+De debil sez, 'Iffen you can do dat den you can beat me case I can't
+throw a rock in a mile o' heaben'.
+
+AC.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320240]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      1025
+Subject:        A Slave Story
+Story Teller:   W. S. Debnam
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 30 1937"]
+
+W. SOLOMON DEBNAM.
+701 Smith Street.
+
+
+Yes, I remember the Yankees coming to Raleigh. I don't know very much
+about those times, I was so young, but I remember the Yankees all right
+in their blue clothes; their horses, and so on. I'll be 78 years old the
+8th of this comin' September an' I've heard mother an' father talk about
+slavery time a whole lot. We belonged to T. R. Debnam at Eagle Rock, Wake
+County. His wife was named Priscilla Debnam. My father was named Daniel
+Debnam an' my mother was named Liza Debnam. My master had several
+plantations an' a lot of slaves. I don't know how many, but I know he
+had 'em. He fed us well; we had a good place to sleep. We had wove
+clothes, enough to keep us warm. He treated me just like he had been my
+father. I didn't know the difference. Marster an' missus never hit me a
+lick in their lives. My mother was the house girl. Father tended
+business around the house an' worked in the field sometimes. Our houses
+were in marster's yard. The slave quarters were in the yard of the great
+house. I don't remember going to church until after the surrender.
+
+I remember the corn shuckin's, but not the Christmas and the fourth of
+July holidays. They had a lot of whiskey at corn shuckin's and good
+things to eat.
+
+I heard pappy talk of patterollers, but I do not know what they were.
+Pappy said he had to have a pass to visit on, or they would whip him if
+they could ketch him. Sometimes they could not ketch a nigger they were
+after. Yes, they taught us to say pappy an' mammy in them days.
+
+I remember the coon and possum hunts an' the rabbits we caught in gums.
+I remember killin' birds at night with thorn brush. When bird blindin'
+we hunt 'em at night with lights from big splinters. We went to grass
+patches, briars, and vines along the creeks an' low groun's where they
+roosted, an' blinded 'em an' killed 'em when they come out. We cooked
+'em on coals, and I remember making a stew and having dumplings cooked
+with 'em. We'd flustrate the birds in their roostin' place an' when they
+come out blinded by the light we hit 'em an' killed 'em with thorn brush
+we carried in our han's.
+
+Marster had a gran'son, the son of Alonza Hodge an' Arabella Hodge,
+'bout my age an' I stayed with him most of the time. When Alonza Hodge
+bought his son anything he bought for me too. He treated us alike. He
+bought each of us a pony. We could ride good, when we were small. He let
+us follow him. He let us go huntin' squirrels with him. When he shot an'
+killed a squirrel he let us race to see which could get him first, while
+he laughed at us.
+
+I didn't sleep in the great house. I stayed with this white boy till
+bed time then my mammy come an' got me an' carried me home. When marster
+wanted us boys to go with him he would say, 'Let's go boys,' an' we
+would follow him. We were like brothers. I ate with him at the table.
+What they et, I et. He made the house girl wait on me just like he an'
+his son was waited on.
+
+My father stayed with marster till he died, when he was 63 an' I was
+21; we both stayed right there. My white playmate's name was Richard
+Hodge. I stayed there till I was married. When I got 25 years old I
+married Ida Rawlson. Richard Hodge became a medical doctor, but he died
+young, just before I was married.
+
+They taught me to read an' write. After the surrender I went to free
+school. When I didn't know a word I went to old marster an' he told me.
+
+During my entire life no man can touch my morals, I was brought up by
+my white folks not to lie, steal or do things immoral. I have lived a
+pure life. There is nothing against me.
+
+I remember the Yankees, yes sir, an' somethings they done. Well, I
+remember the big yeller gobler they couldn't ketch. He riz an' flew an'
+they shot him an' killed him. They went down to marster's store an'
+busted the head outen a barrel o' molasses an' after they busted the
+head out I got a tin bucket an' got it full o' molasses an' started to
+the house. Then they shoved me down in the molasses. I set the bucket
+down an' hit a Yankee on the leg with a dogwood stick. He tried to hit
+me. The Yankees ganged around him, an' made him leave me alone, give me
+my bucket o' molasses, an' I carried it on to the house. They went down
+to the lot, turned out all the horses an' tuck two o' the big mules,
+Kentucky mules, an' carried 'em off. One of the mules would gnaw every
+line in two you tied him with, an' the other could not be rode. So next
+morning after the Yankees carried 'em off they both come back home with
+pieces o' lines on 'em. The mules was named, one was named Bill, an' the
+other Charles. You could ride old Charles, but you couldn't ride old
+Bill. He would throw you off as fast as you got on 'im.
+
+After I was married when I was 25 years old I lived there ten years,
+right there; but old marster had died an' missus had died. I stayed with
+his son Nathaniel; his wife was named Drusilla.
+
+I had five brothers, Richard, Daniel, Rogene, Lorenzo, Lumus and
+myself. There wont places there for us all, an' then I left. When I left
+down there I moved to Raleigh. The first man I worked fer here was
+George Marsh Company, then W. A. Myatt Company an' no one else. I worked
+with the Myatt Company twenty-six years; 'till I got shot.
+
+It was about half past twelve o'clock. I was on my way home to dinner
+on the 20th of December, 1935. When I was passing Patterson's Alley
+entering Lenoir Street near the colored park in the 500 block something
+hit me. I looked around an' heard a shot. The bullet hit me before I
+heard the report of the pistol. When hit, I looked back an' heard it.
+Capt. Bruce Pool, o' the Raleigh Police force, had shot at some thief
+that had broken into a A&P Store an' the bullet hit me. It hit me in my
+left thigh above the knee. It went through my thigh, a 38 caliber
+bullet, an' lodged under the skin on the other side. I did not fall but
+stood on one foot while the blood ran from the wound. A car came by in
+about a half hour an' they stopped an' carried me to St. Agnes Hospital.
+It was not a police car. I stayed there a week. They removed the bullet,
+an' then I had to go to the hospital every day for a month. I have not
+been able to work a day since. I was working with W. A. Myatt Company
+when I got shot. My leg pains me now and swells up. I cannot stand on it
+much. I am unable to do a day's work. Can't stand up to do a day's work.
+The city paid me $200.00, an' paid my hospital bill.
+
+Abraham Lincoln was all right. I think slavery was wrong because birds
+an' things are free an' man ought to have the same privilege.
+
+Franklin Roosevelt is a wonderful man. Men would have starved if he
+hadn't helped 'em.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 3                    [320199]
+Worker:         Travis Jordan
+Subject:        SARAH DEBRO
+                EX-SLAVE 90 YEARS
+                Durham, N. C.
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUL 24 1937"]
+
+SARAH DEBRO
+EX-SLAVE 90 YEARS
+
+
+I was bawn in Orange County way back some time in de fifties.
+
+Mis Polly White Cain an' Marse Docter Cain was my white folks. Marse
+Cain's plantation joined Mistah Paul Cameron's land. Marse Cain owned so
+many niggers dat he didn' know his own slaves when he met dem in de
+road. Sometimes he would stop dem an' say: 'Whose niggers am you?' Dey'd
+say, 'We's Marse Cain's niggers.' Den he would say, 'I'se Marse Cain,'
+and drive on.
+
+Marse Cain was good to his niggers. He didn' whip dem like some owners
+did, but if dey done mean he sold dem. Dey knew dis so dey minded him.
+One day gran'pappy sassed Mis' Polly White an' she told him dat if he
+didn' 'have hese'f dat she would put him in her pocket. Gran'pappy wuz
+er big man an' I ax him how Mis' Polly could do dat. He said she meant
+dat she would sell him den put de money in her pocket. He never did sass
+Mis' Polly no more.
+
+I was kept at de big house to wait on Mis' Polly, to tote her basket of
+keys an' such as dat. Whenever she seed a chile down in de quarters dat
+she wanted to raise be hand, she took dem up to do big house an' trained
+dem. I wuz to be a house maid. De day she took me my mammy cried kaze
+she knew I would never be 'lowed to live at de cabin wid her no more
+Mis' Polly was big an' fat an' she made us niggers mind an' we had to
+keep clean. My dresses an' aprons was starched stiff. I had a clean
+apron every day. We had white sheets on de beds an' we niggers had
+plenty to eat too, even ham. When Mis' Polly went to ride she took me in
+de carriage wid her. De driver set way up high an' me an' Mis' Polly set
+way down low. Dey was two hosses with shiney harness. I toted Mis'
+Polly's bag an' bundles, an' if she dropped her hank'chief I picked it
+up. I loved Mis' Polly an' loved stayin' at de big house.
+
+I was 'bout wais' high when de sojers mustered. I went wid Mis' Polly
+down to de musterin' fiel' whare dey was marchin'. I can see dey feets
+now when dey flung dem up an' down, sayin', hep, hep. When dey was all
+ready to go an' fight, de women folks fixed a big dinner. Aunt Charity
+an' Pete cooked two or three days for Mis' Polly. De table was piled wid
+chicken, ham, shoat, barbecue, young lam', an'all sorts of pies, cakes
+an' things, but nobody eat nothin much. Mis' Polly an' de ladies got to
+cryin.' De vittles got cold. I was so sad dat I got over in de corner
+an' cried too. De men folks all had on dey new sojer clothes, an' dey
+didn' eat nothin neither. Young Marse Jim went up an' put his arm 'roun'
+Mis' Polly, his mammy, but dat made her cry harder. Marse Jim was a
+cavalry. He rode a big hoss, an' my Uncle Dave went wid him to de fiel'
+as his body guard. He had a hoss too so if Marse Jim's hoss got shot
+dare would be another one for him to ride. Mis' Polly had another son
+but he was too drunk to hold a gun. He stayed drunk.
+
+De first cannon I heard skeered me near 'bout to death. We could hear
+dem goin' boom, boom. I thought it was thunder, den Mis Polly say,
+'Lissen, Sarah, hear dem cannons? Dey's killin' our mens.' Den she 'gun
+to cry.
+
+I run in de kitchen whare Aunt Charity was cookin an' tole her Mis'
+Polly was cryin. She said: 'She ain't cryin' kaze de Yankees killin' de
+mens; she's doin' all dat cryin' kaze she skeered we's goin' to be sot
+free.' Den I got mad an' tole her Mis' Polly wuzn' like dat.
+
+I 'members when Wheelers Cavalry come through. Dey was 'Federates but
+dey was mean as de Yankees. Dey stold everything dey could find an'
+killed a pile of niggers. Dey come 'roun' checkin'. Dey ax de niggahs if
+dey wanted to be free. If dey say yes, den dey shot dem down, but if dey
+say no, dey let dem alone. Dey took three of my uncles out in de woods
+an' shot dey faces off.
+
+I 'members de first time de Yankees come. Dey come gallupin' down de
+road, jumpin' over de palin's, tromplin' down de rose bushes an' messin'
+up de flower beds. Dey stomped all over de house, in de kitchen,
+pantries, smoke house, an' everywhare, but dey didn' find much, kaze
+near 'bout everything done been hid. I was settin' on de steps when a
+big Yankee come up. He had on a cap an' his eyes was mean.
+
+'Whare did dey hide do gol' an silver, Nigger?' he yelled at me.
+
+I was skeered an my hands was ashy, but I tole him I didn' nothin' 'bout
+nothin; dat if anybody done hid things dey hid it while I was sleep.
+
+'Go ax dat ole white headed devil,' he said to me.
+
+I got mad den kaze he was tawkin' 'bout Mis' Polly, so I didn' say
+nothin'. I jus' set. Den he pushed me off de step an' say if I didn'
+dance he gwine shoot my toes off. Skeered as I was, I sho done some
+shufflin'. Den he give me five dollers an' tole me to go buy jim cracks,
+but dat piece of paper won't no good. 'Twuzn nothin' but a shin plaster
+like all dat war money, you couldn' spend it.
+
+Dat Yankee kept callin' Mis' Polly a white headed devil an' said she
+done ramshacked 'til dey wuzn' nothin' left, but he made his mens tote
+off meat, flour, pigs, an' chickens. After dat Mis' Polly got mighty
+stingy wid de vittles an' de didn' have no more ham.
+
+When de war was over de Yankees was all 'roun' de place tellin' de
+niggers what to do. Dey tole dem dey was free, dat dey didn' have to
+slave for de white folks no more. My folks all left Marse Cain an' went
+to live in houses dat de Yankees built. Dey wuz like poor white folks
+houses, little shacks made out of sticks an' mud wid stick an' mud
+chimneys. Dey wuzn' like Marse Cain's cabins, planked up an' warm, dey
+was full of cracks, an' dey wuzn' no lamps an' oil. All de light come
+from de lightwood knots burnin' in de fireplace.
+
+One day my mammy come to de big house after me. I didn' want to go, I
+wanted to stay wid Mis' Polly. I 'gun to cry an' Mammy caught hold of
+me. I grabbed Mis' Polly an' held so tight dat I tore her skirt bindin'
+loose an' her skirt fell down 'bout her feets.
+
+'Let her stay wid me,' Mis' Polly said to Mammy.
+
+But Mammy shook her head. 'You took her away from me an' didn' pay no
+mind to my cryin', so now I'se takin' her back home. We's free now, Mis'
+Polly, we ain't gwine be slaves no more to nobody.' She dragged me away.
+I can see how Mis' Polly looked now. She didn' say nothin' but she
+looked hard at Mammy an' her face was white.
+
+Mammy took me to de stick an' mud house de Yankees done give her. It was
+smoky an' dark kaze dey wuzn' no windows. We didn' have no sheets an' no
+towels, so when I cried an' said I didn' want to live on no Yankee
+house, Mammy beat me an' made me go to bed. I laid on de straw tick
+lookin' up through de cracks in de roof. I could see de stars, an' de
+sky shinin' through de cracks looked like long blue splinters stretched
+'cross de rafters. I lay dare an' cried kaze I wanted to go back to Mis'
+Polly.
+
+I was never hungry til we waz free an' de Yankees fed us. We didn' have
+nothin to eat 'cept hard tack an' middlin' meat. I never saw such meat.
+It was thin an' tough wid a thick skin. You could boil it allday an' all
+night an' it wouldn' cook dome, I wouldn' eat it. I thought 'twuz mule
+meat; mules dat done been shot on de battle field den dried. I still
+believe 'twuz mule meat.
+
+One day me an' my brother was lookin' for acorns in de woods. We foun'
+sumpin' like a grave in de woods. I tole Dave dey wuz sumpin' buried in
+dat moun'. We got de grubbin hoe an' dug. Dey wuz a box wid eleven hams
+in dat grave. Somebody done hid it from de Yankees an' forgot whare dey
+buried it. We covered it back up kaze if we took it home in de day time
+de Yankees an' niggers would take it away from us. So when night come we
+slipped out an' toted dem hams to de house an' hid dem in de loft.
+
+Dem was bad days. I'd rather been a slave den to been hired out like I
+was, kaze I wuzn' no fiel' hand, I was a hand maid, trained to wait on
+de ladies. Den too, I was hungry most of de time an' had to keep
+fightin' off dem Yankee mens. Dem Yankees was mean folks.
+
+We's come a long way since dem times. I'se lived near 'bout ninety years
+an' I'se seen an' heard much. My folks don't want me to talk 'bout
+slavery, day's shame niggers ever was slaves. But, while for most
+colored folks freedom is de bes, dey's still some niggers dat out to be
+slaves now. Dese niggers dat's done clean forgot de Lawd; dose dat's
+always cuttin' an' fightin' an' gwine in white folks houses at night,
+dey ought to be slaves. Dey ought to have an' Ole Marse wid a whip to
+make dem come when he say come, an' go when he say go, 'til dey learn to
+live right.
+
+I looks back now an' thinks. I ain't never forgot dem slavery days, an'
+I ain't never forgot Mis' Polly an' my white starched aprons.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320147]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      805
+Subject:        CHARLES W. DICKENS
+Story Teller:   Charles W. Dickens
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[HW note: 26]
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 11 1937"]
+
+CHARLES W. DICKENS
+1115 East Lenoir Street
+
+
+My name is Charles W. Dickens. I lives at 1115 East Lenoir Street,
+Raleigh, North Carolina, Wake County. I wuz born August 16, 1861, de
+year de war started. My mother wuz named Ferebee Dickens. My father wuz
+named John Dickens. I had nine sisters and brothers. My brothers were
+named Allen, Douglas, my name [HW: question mark above "my name"], Jake,
+Johnnie and Jonas. The girls Katie, Matilda Francis, and Emily Dickens.
+
+My grandmother wuz named Charity Dickens. My grandfather wuz Dudley T.
+Dickens. I do not know where dey came from. No, I don't think I do. My
+mother belonged to Washington Scarborough, and so did we chilluns. My
+father he belonged to Obediah Dickens and missus wuz named Silvia
+Dickens. Dey lowed mother to go by the name of my father after dey wuz
+married.
+
+We lived in log houses and we had bunks in 'em. Master died, but I
+'member missus wuz mighty good to us. We had tolerable fair food, and as
+fur as I know she wuz good to us in every way. We had good clothing made
+in a loom, that is de cloth wuz made in de loom. My father lived in
+Franklin County. My mother lived in Wake County. I 'member hearin'
+father talk about walkin' so fur to see us. There wuz about one dozen
+slaves on de plantation. Dere were no hired overseers. Missus done her
+own bossing. I have heard my father speak about de patterollers, but I
+never seed none. I heard him say he could not leave the plantation
+without a strip o' something.
+
+No, sir, the white folks did not teach us to read and write. My mother
+and father, no sir, they didn't have any books of any kind. We went to
+white folk's church. My father split slats and made baskets to sell. He
+said his master let him have all de money he made sellin' de things he
+made. He learned a trade. He wuz a carpenter. One of the young masters
+got after father, so he told me, and he went under de house to keep him
+from whuppin' him. When missus come home she wouldn't let young master
+whup him. She jist wouldn't 'low it.
+
+I 'members de Yankees comin' through. When mother heard they were
+comin', she took us chillun and carried us down into an ole field, and
+after that she carried us back to the house. Missus lived in a two-story
+house. We lived in a little log house in front of missus' house. My
+mother had a shoulder of meat and she hid it under a mattress in the
+house. When the Yankees lef, she looked for it; they had stole the meat
+and gone. Yes, they stole from us slaves. The road the Yankees wuz
+travellin' wuz as thick wid' em as your fingers. I 'member their blue
+clothes, their blue caps. De chickens they were carrying on their horses
+wuz crowing. Dey wuz driving cows, hogs, and things. Yes sir, ahead of
+'em they come first. The barns and lots were on one side de road dey
+were trabellin' on and de houses on de other. Atter many Yankees had
+passed dey put a bodyguard at de door of de great house, and didn't 'low
+no one to go in dere. I looked down at de Yankees and spit at 'em.
+Mother snatched me back, and said, 'Come back here chile, dey will kill
+you.'
+
+Dey carried de horses off de plantation and de meat from missus'
+smokehouse and buried it. My uncle, Louis Scarborough, stayed wid de
+horses. He is livin' yet, he is over a hundred years old. He lives down
+at Moores Mill, Wake County, near Youngsville. Before de surrender one
+of de boys and my uncle got to fightin', one of de Scarborough boys and
+him. My uncle threw him down. The young Master Scarborough jumped up,
+and got his knife and cut uncle's entrails out so uncle had to carry 'em
+to de house in his hands. About a year after de war my father carried us
+to Franklin County. He carried us on a steer cart. Dat's about all I
+'member about de war.
+
+Abraham Lincoln wuz de man who set us free. I think he wuz a mighty
+good man. He done so much for de colored race, but what he done was
+intended through de higher power. I don't think slavery wuz right.
+
+I think Mr. Roosevelt is a fine man, one of the best presidents in the
+world. I voted for him, and I would vote for him ag'in. He has done a
+lot for de people, and is still doin'. He got a lot of sympathy for 'em.
+Yas sir, a lot of sympathy for de people.
+
+MM
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320184]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      655
+Subject:        MARGARET E. DICKENS
+Story Teller:   Margaret E. Dickens
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 11 1937"]
+
+MARGARET E. DICKENS
+1115 E. Lenoir St.
+
+
+My name is Margaret E. Dickens and I was born on the 5th of June 1861.
+My mother wuz free born; her name wuz Mary Ann Hews, but my mother wuz
+colored. I don't remember anything about Marster and Missus. My father
+was named Henry Byrd. Here is some of father's writing. My mother's
+father was dark. He had no protection. If he did any work for a white
+man and the white man didn't like it, he could take him up and whup him.
+My father was like a stray dog.
+
+My name was Margaret E. Byrd before I got married. Here is some of
+father's writing--"Margaret Elvira Byrd the daughter of Henry and Mary
+Ann Byrd was born on the 5th June 1861." My grandfather, my mother's
+father was a cabinet maker. He made coffins and tables and furniture. If
+he made one, and it didn't suit the man he would beat him and kick him
+around and let him go. Dis was told to me. My father was a carpenter. He
+built houses.
+
+I can read and write. My father could read and write. My mother could
+read, but couldn't write very much.
+
+I have heerd my mother say when she heerd the Yankees were commin' she
+had a brand new counterpane, my father owned a place before he married
+my mother, the counterpane was a woolen woven counterpane. She took it
+off and hid it. The Yankees took anything they wanted, but failed to
+find it. We were living in Raleigh, at the time, on the very premises we
+are living on now. The old house has been torn down, but some of the
+wood is in this very house. I kin show you part of the old house now. My
+mother used to pass this place when she wuz a girl and she told me she
+never expected to live here. She was twenty years younger than my
+father. My mother, she lived here most of the time except twenty-four
+years she lived in the North. She died in 1916. My father bought the
+lan' in 1848 from a man named Henry Morgan. Here is the deed.[6]
+
+When we left Raleigh, and went North we first stopped in Cambridge,
+Mass. This was with my first husband. His name was Samuel E. Reynolds.
+He was a preacher. He had a church and preached there. The East winds
+were so strong and cold we couldn't stan' it. It was too cold for us. We
+then went to Providence, R. I. From there to Elmira, N. Y. From there we
+went to Brooklyn, N. Y. He preached in the State of New York; we finally
+came back South, and he died right here in this house. I like the North
+very well, but there is nothing like home, the South. Another thing I
+don't have so many white kin folks up North. I don't like to be called
+Auntie by anyone, unless they admit bein' kin to me. I was not a fool
+when I went to the North, and it made no change in me. I was raised to
+respect everybody and I tries to keep it up. Some things in the North
+are all right, I like them, but I like the South better. Yes, I guess I
+like the South better. I was married to Charles W. Dickens in 1920. He
+is my second husband.
+
+I inherited this place from my father Henry Byrd. I like well water.
+There is my well, right out here in the yard. This well was dug here
+when they were building the first house here. I believe in havin' your
+own home, so I have held on to my home, and I am goin' to try to keep
+holdin' on to it.
+
+[Footnote 6: An interesting feature of the deed is the fact that
+Henry Morgan made his mark while Henry Byrd's signature
+is his own.]
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320156]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      1369
+Subject:        REV. SQUIRE DOWD
+Story Teller:   Rev. Squire Dowd
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[HW: Minister--Interesting]
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 1 1937"]
+
+[HW: language not negro, very senternous & interesting.]
+[TR: The above comment is crossed out.]
+
+REVEREND SQUIRE DOWD
+202 Battle Street
+Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+My name is Squire Dowd, and I was born April 3, 1855. My mother's name
+was Jennie Dowd. My father's name was Elias Kennedy. My mother died in
+Georgia at the age of 70, and my father died in Moore County at the age
+of 82. I attended his funeral. My sister and her husband had carried my
+mother to Georgia, when my sister's husband went there to work in
+turpentine. My mother's husband was dead. She had married a man named
+Stewart. You could hardly keep up with your father during slavery time.
+It was a hard thing to do. There were few legal marriages. When a young
+man from one plantation courted a young girl on the plantation, the
+master married them, sometimes hardly knowing what he was saying.
+
+My master was General W. D. Dowd. He lived three miles from Carthage, in
+Moore County, North Carolina. He owned fifty slaves. The conditions were
+good. I had only ten years' experience, but it was a good experience. No
+man is fool enough to buy slaves to kill. I have never known a real
+slave owner to abuse his slaves. The abuse was done by patterollers and
+overseers.
+
+I have a conservative view of slavery. I taught school for four years
+and I have been in the ministry fifty years. I was ordained a Christian
+minister in 1885. I lived in Moore County until 1889, then I moved to
+Raleigh. I have feeling. I don't like for people to have a feeling that
+slaves are no more than dogs; I don't like that. It causes people to
+have the wrong idea of slavery. Here is John Bectom, a well, healthy
+friend of mine, 75 years of age. If we had been treated as some folks
+say, these big, healthy niggers would not be walking about in the South
+now. The great Negro leaders we have now would never have come out of
+it.
+
+The places we lived in were called cabins. The Negroes who were thrifty
+had nice well-kept homes; and it is thus now. The thrifty of the colored
+race live well; the others who are indolent live in hovels which smell
+foul and are filthy.
+
+Prayer meetings were held at night in the cabins of the slaves. On
+Sunday we went to the white folk's church. We sat in a barred-off place,
+in the back of the church or in a gallery.
+
+We had a big time at cornshuckings. We had plenty of good things to
+eat, and plenty of whiskey and brandy to drink. These shuckings were
+held at night. We had a good time, and I never saw a fight at a
+cornshucking in life. If we could catch the master after the shucking
+was over, we put him in a chair, we darkies, and toted him around and
+hollered, carried him into the parlor, set him down, and combed his
+hair. We only called the old master "master". We called his wife
+"missus." When the white children grew up we called them Mars. John,
+Miss Mary, etc.
+
+We had some money. We made baskets. On moonlight nights and holidays we
+cleared land; the master gave us what we made on the land. We had
+money.
+
+The darkies also stole for deserters during the war. They paid us for
+it. I ate what I stole, such as sugar. I was not big enough to steal for
+the deserters. I was a house boy. I stole honey. I did not know I was
+free until five years after the war. I could not realize I was free.
+Many of us stayed right on. If we had not been ruined right after the
+war by carpetbaggers our race would have been, well,--better up by this
+time, because they turned us against our masters, when our masters had
+everything and we had nothing. The Freedmen's Bureau helped us some, but
+we finally had to go back to the plantation in order to live.
+
+We got election days, Christmas, New Year, etc., as holidays. When we
+were slaves we had a week or more Christmas. The holidays lasted from
+Christmas Eve to after New Years. Sometimes we got passes. If our
+master would not give them to us, the white boys we played with would
+give us one. We played cat, jumping, wrestling and marbles. We played
+for fun; we did not play for money. There were 500 acres on the
+plantation. We hunted a lot, and the fur of the animals we caught we
+sold and had the money. We were allowed to raise a few chickens and
+pigs, which we sold if we wanted to.
+
+The white folks rode to church and the darkies walked, as many of the
+poor white folks did. We looked upon the poor white folks as our equals.
+They mixed with us and helped us to envy our masters. They looked upon
+our masters as we did.
+
+Negro women having children by the masters was common. My relatives on
+my mother's side, who were Kellys are mixed blooded. They are partly
+white. We, the darkies and many of the whites hate that a situation like
+this exists. It is enough to say that seeing is believing. There were
+many and are now mixed blooded people among the race.
+
+I was well clothed. Our clothes were made in looms. Shoes were made on
+the plantation. Distilleries were also located on the plantation. When
+they told me I was free, I did not notice it. I did not realize it till
+many years after when a man made a speech at Carthage, telling us we
+were free.
+
+I did not like the Yankees. We were afraid of them. We had to be
+educated to love the Yankees, and to know that they freed us and were
+our friends. I feel that Abraham Lincoln was a father to us. We consider
+him thus because he freed us. The Freedmen's Bureau and carpet baggers
+caused us to envy our masters and the white folks. The Ku Klux Klan,
+when we pushed our rights, came in between us, and we did not know what
+to do. The Ku Klux were after the carpet baggers and the Negroes who
+followed them.
+
+It was understood that white people were not to teach Negroes during
+slavery, but many of the whites taught the Negroes. The children of the
+white folks made us study. I could read and write when the war was up.
+They made me study books, generally a blue-back spelling book as
+punishment for mean things I done. My Missus, a young lady about 16
+years old taught a Sunday School class of colored boys and girls. This
+Sunday School was held at a different time of day from the white folks.
+Sometimes old men and old women were in these classes. I remember once
+they asked Uncle Ben Pearson who was meekest man, 'Moses' he replied.
+'Who was the wisest man?' 'Soloman', 'Who was the strongest man?' was
+then asked him. To this he said 'They say Bill Medlin is the strongest,
+but Tom Shaw give him his hands full.' They were men of the community.
+Medlin was white, Shaw was colored.
+
+I do not like the way they have messed up our songs with classical
+music. I like the songs, 'Roll Jordan Roll', 'Old Ship of Zion', 'Swing
+Low Sweet Chariot'. Classical singers ruin them, though.
+
+There was no use of our going to town of Saturday afternoon to buy our
+rations, so we worked Saturday afternoons. When we got sick the doctors
+treated us. Dr. J. D. Shaw, Dr. Bruce, and Dr. Turner. They were the
+first doctors I ever heard any tell of. They treated both whites and
+darkies on my master's plantation.
+
+I married a Matthews, Anna Matthews, August 1881. We have one daughter.
+Her name is Ella. She married George Cheatam of Henderson, N. C. A
+magistrate married us, Mr. Pitt Cameron. It was just a quiet wedding on
+Saturday night with about one-half dozen of my friends present.
+
+My idea of life is to forget the bad and live for the good there is in
+it. This is my motto.
+
+B. N.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320079]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      862
+Subject:        FANNIE DUNN
+Story Teller:   Fannie Dunn
+Editor:         G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 17 1937"]
+
+FANNIE DUNN
+222 Heck Street, Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+I don't 'zakly know my age, but I knows and 'members when de Yankees
+come through Wake County. I wus a little girl an' wus so skeered I run
+an hid under de bed. De Yankees stopped at de plantation an' along de
+road fur a rest. I 'members I had diphtheria an' a Yankee doctor come
+an' mopped my throat. Dey had to pull me outen under de bed so he could
+doctor me.
+
+One Yankee would come along an' give us sumptin' an another would come
+on behind him an' take it. Dats de way dey done. One give mother a mule
+an' when dey done gone she sold it. A Yankee give mother a ham of meat,
+another come right on behind him an' took it away from her. Dere shore
+wus a long line of dem Yankees. I can 'member seeing 'em march by same
+as it wus yisterday. I wus not old enough to work, but I 'members 'em. I
+don't know 'zackly but I wus 'bout five years old when de surrender
+wus.
+
+My name before I wus married wus Fannie Sessoms an' mother wus named
+Della Sessoms. We belonged to Dr. Isaac Sessoms an' our missus wus named
+Hanna. My father wus named Perry Vick, after his marster who wus named
+Perry Vick. My missus died durin' de war an' marster never married
+anymore.
+
+I don't 'member much 'bout missus but mother tole me she wus some good
+woman an' she loved her. Marster wus mighty good to us an' didn't allow
+patterollers to whip us none. De slave houses wus warm and really dey
+wus good houses, an' didn't leak neither.
+
+I don't 'member much 'bout my grandparents, just a little mother tole
+me 'bout 'em. Grandma 'longed to de Sessoms an' Dr. Isaac Sessoms
+brother wus mother's father. Mother tole me dat. Look at dat picture,
+mister, you see you can't tell her from a white woman. Dats my mother's
+picture. She wus as white as you wid long hair an' a face like a white
+woman. She been dead 'bout twenty years. My mother said dat we all fared
+good, but course we wore homemade clothes an' wooden bottomed shoes.
+
+We went to the white folks church at Red Oak an' Rocky Mount Missionary
+Baptist Churches. We were allowed to have prayer meetings at de slave
+houses, two an' three times a week. I 'members goin' to church 'bout
+last year of de war wid mother. I had a apple wid me an' I got hungry
+an' wanted to eat it in meetin' but mother jest looked at me an' touched
+my arm, dat wus enough. I didn't eat de apple. I can 'member how bad I
+wanted to eat it. Don't 'member much 'bout dat sermon, guess I put my
+mind on de apple too much.
+
+Marster had about twenty slaves an' mother said dey had always been
+allowed to go to church an' have prayer meetings 'fore I wus born.
+Marster had both white an' colored overseers but he would not allow any
+of his overseers to bulldoze over his slaves too much. He would call a
+overseer down for bein' rough at de wrong time. Charles Sessoms wus one
+of marster's colored overseers. He 'longed to marster, an' mother said
+marster always listened to what Charles said. Dey said marster had
+always favored him even 'fore he made him overseer. Charles Sessoms fell
+dead one day an' mother found him. She called Marster Sessoms an' he
+come an' jest cried. Mother said when Marster come he wus dead shore
+enough, dat marster jest boohooed an' went to de house, an' wouldn't
+look at him no more till dey started to take him to de grave. Everybody
+on de plantation went to his buryin' an' funeral an' some from de udder
+plantation dat joined ourn.
+
+I 'members but little 'bout my missus, but 'members one time she run me
+when I wus goin' home from de great house, an' she said, 'I am goin' to
+catch you, now I catch you'. She pickin' at me made me love her. When
+she died mother tole me 'bout her bein' dead an' took me to her buryin'.
+Next day I wanted to go an' get her up. I tole mother I wanted her to
+come home an' eat. Mother cried an' took me up in her arms, an' said,
+'Honey missus will never eat here again.' I wus so young I didn't
+understand.
+
+Dr. Sessoms an' also Dr. Drake, who married his daughter, doctored us
+when we wus sick. Dr. Joe Drake married marster's only daughter Harriet
+an' his only son David died in Mississippi. He had a plantation dere.
+
+I been married only once. I wus married forty years ago to Sidney Dunn.
+I had one chile, she's dead.
+
+From what I knows of slavery an' what my mother tole me I can't say it
+wus a bad thing. Mister, I wants to tell de truth an' I can't say its
+bad 'cause my mother said she had a big time as a slave an' I knows I
+had a good time an' wus treated right.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320187]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          382
+Subject:            JENNYLIN DUNN
+Person Interviewed: Jennylin Dunn
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+JENNYLIN DUNN
+Ex-Slave Story
+
+An interview with Jennylin Dunn 87, of 315 Bledsoe Avenue, Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+I wuz borned hyar in Wake County eighty-seben years ago. Me an' my
+folks an' bout six others belonged ter Mis' Betsy Lassiter who wuz right
+good ter us, do' she sho' did know dat chilluns needs a little brushin'
+now an' den.
+
+My papa wuz named Isaac, my mammy wuz named Liza, an' my sisters wuz
+named Lucy, Candice an' Harriet. Dar wuz one boy what died 'fore I can
+'member an' I doan know his name.
+
+We ain't played no games ner sung no songs, but we had fruit ter eat
+an' a heap of watermillions ter eat in de season.
+
+I seed seberal slabe sales on de block, front of de Raleigh Cou't
+house, an' yo' can't think how dese things stuck in my mind. A whole
+heap o' times I seed mammies sold from dere little babies, an' dar wuz
+no'min' den, as yo' knows.
+
+De patterollers wuz sumpin dat I wuz skeerd of. I know jist two o' 'em,
+Mr. Billy Allen Dunn an' Mr. Jim Ray, an' I'se hyard of some scandelous
+things dat dey done. Dey do say dat dey whupped some of de niggers
+scandelous.
+
+When dey hyard dat de Yankees wuz on dere way ter hyar dey says ter us
+dat dem Yankees eats little nigger youngins, an' we shore stays hid.
+
+I jist seed squeamishin' parties lookin' fer sumpin' ter eat, an' I'se
+hyard dat dey tuck ever'thing dey comes 'crost. A whole heap of it dey
+flunged away, an' atterwards dey got hongry too.
+
+One of 'em tried ter tell us dat our white folks stold us from our
+country an' brung us hyar, but since den I foun' out dat de Yankees
+stole us dereselves, an' den dey sold us ter our white folkses.
+
+Atter de war my pappy an' mammy brung us ter Raleigh whar I'se been
+libin' since dat time. We got along putty good, an' de Yankees sont us
+some teachers, but most o' us wuz so busy scramblin' roun' makin' a
+livin' dat we ain't got no time fer no schools.
+
+I reckon dat hit wuz better dat de slaves wuz freed, but I still loves
+my white folkses, an' dey loves me.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320125]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          1119
+Subject:            AUNT LUCY'S LOVE STORY
+Person Interviewed: Lucy Ann Dunn
+Editor:             G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 1 1937"]
+
+AUNT LUCY'S LOVE STORY
+
+An interview with Lucy Ann Dunn, 90 years old, 220 Cannon Street,
+Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+My pappy, Dempsey, my mammy, Rachel an' my brothers an' sisters an' me
+all belonged ter Marse Peterson Dunn of Neuse, here in Wake County. Dar
+wus five of us chilluns, Allen, Charles, Corina, Madora an' me, all
+borned before de war.
+
+My mammy wus de cook, an' fur back as I 'members almost, I wus a house
+girl. I fanned flies offen de table an' done a heap of little things fer
+Mis' Betsy, Marse Peterson's wife. My pappy worked on de farm, which wus
+boun' ter have been a big plantation wid two hundert an' more niggers
+ter work hit.
+
+I 'members when word come dat war wus declared, how Mis' Betsy cried
+an' prayed an' how Marse Peter quarreled an' walked de floor cussin' de
+Yankees.
+
+De war comes on jist de same an' some of de men slaves wus sent ter
+Roanoke ter hep buil' de fort. Yes mam, de war comes ter de great house
+an' ter de slave cabins jist alike.
+
+De great house wus large an' white washed, wid green blinds an' de
+slave cabins wus made of slabs wid plank floors. We had plenty ter eat
+an' enough ter wear an' we wus happy. We had our fun an' we had our
+troubles, lak little whuppin's, when we warn't good, but dat warn't
+often.
+
+Atter so long a time de rich folkses tried ter hire, er make de po'
+white trash go in dere places, but some of dem won't go. Dey am treated
+so bad dat some of dem cides ter be Ku Kluxes an' dey goes ter de woods
+ter live. When we starts ter take up de aigs er starts from de spring
+house wid de butter an' milk dey grabs us an' takes de food fer
+dereselbes.
+
+Dis goes on fer a long time an' finally one day in de spring I sets on
+de porch an' I hear a roar. I wus 'sponsible fer de goslins dem days so
+I sez ter de missus, 'I reckin dat I better git in de goslins case I
+hear hit a-thunderin'.
+
+'Dat ain't no thunder, nigger, dat am de canon', she sez.
+
+'What canon', I axes?
+
+'Why de canon what dey am fightin' wid', she sez.
+
+Well dat ebenin' I is out gittin' up de goslins when I hears music, I
+looks up de road an' I sees flags, an' 'bout dat time de Yankees am dar
+a-killin' as dey goes. Dey kills de geese, de ducks, de chickens, pigs
+an' ever'thing. Dey goes ter de house an' dey takes all of de meat, de
+meal, an' ever'thing dey can git dere paws on.
+
+When dey goes ter de kitchen whar mammy am cookin' she cuss dem out an'
+run dem outen her kitchen. Dey shore am a rough lot.
+
+I aint never fergot how Mis' Betsy cried when de news of de surrender
+come. She aint said nothin' but Marse Peter he makes a speech sayin'
+dat he aint had ter sell none of us, dat he aint whupped none of us bad,
+dat nobody has ever run away from him yet. Den he tells us dat all who
+wants to can stay right on fer wages.
+
+Well we stayed two years, even do my pappy died de year atter de
+surrender, den we moves ter Marse Peter's other place at Wake Forest.
+Atter dat we moves back ter Neuse.
+
+Hit wus in de little Baptist church at Neuse whar I fust seed big black
+Jim Dunn an' I fell in love wid him den, I reckons. He said dat he loved
+me den too, but hit wus three Sundays 'fore he axed ter see me home.
+
+We walked dat mile home in front of my mammy an' I wus so happy dat I
+aint thought hit a half a mile home. We et cornbread an' turnips fer
+dinner an' hit wus night 'fore he went home. Mammy wouldn't let me walk
+wid him ter de gate. I knowed, so I jist sot dar on de porch an' sez
+good night.
+
+He come ever' Sunday fer a year an' finally he proposed. I had told
+mammy dat I thought dat I ort ter be allowed ter walk ter de gate wid
+Jim an' she said all right iffen she wus settin' dar on de porch
+lookin'.
+
+Dat Sunday night I did walk wid Jim ter de gate an' stood under de
+honeysuckles dat wus a-smellin' so sweet. I heard de big ole bullfrogs
+a-croakin' by de riber an' de whipper-wills a-hollerin' in de woods. Dar
+wus a big yaller moon, an' I reckon Jim did love me. Anyhow he said so
+an' axed me ter marry him an' he squeezed my han'.
+
+I tol' him I'd think hit ober an' I did an' de nex' Sunday I tol' him
+dat I'd have him.
+
+He aint kissed me yet but de nex' Sunday he axes my mammy fer me. She
+sez dat she'll have ter have a talk wid me an' let him know.
+
+Well all dat week she talks ter me, tellin' me how serious gittin'
+married is an' dat hit lasts a powerful long time.
+
+I tells her dat I knows hit but dat I am ready ter try hit an' dat I
+intends ter make a go of hit, anyhow.
+
+On Sunday night mammy tells Jim dat he can have me an' yo' orter seed
+dat black boy grin. He comes ter me widout a word an' he picks me up
+outen dat cheer an' dar in de moonlight he kisses me right 'fore my
+mammy who am a-cryin'.
+
+De nex' Sunday we wus married in de Baptist church at Neuse. I had a
+new white dress, do times wus hard.
+
+We lived tergether fifty-five years an' we always loved each other. He
+aint never whup ner cuss me an' do we had our fusses an' our troubles we
+trusted in de Lawd an' we got through. I loved him durin' life an' I
+love him now, do he's been daid now fer twelve years.
+
+The old lady with her long white hair bowed her head and sobbed for a
+moment then she began again unsteadily.
+
+We had eight chilluns, but only four of dem are livin' now. De livin'
+are James, Sidney, Helen an' Florence who wus named fer Florence
+Nightingale.
+
+I can't be here so much longer now case I'se gittin' too old an' feeble
+an' I wants ter go ter Jim anyhow. The old woman wiped her eyes, 'I
+thinks of him all de time, but seems lak we're young agin when I smell
+honeysuckles er see a yaller moon.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 3                    [320271]
+Worker:         Travis Jordan
+Subject:        Tempie Herndon Durham
+                Ex-Slave 103 Years Old
+                1312 Pine St., Durham, N. C.
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 23 1937"]
+
+TEMPIE HERNDON DURHAM
+EX-SLAVE 103 YEARS OLD
+1312 PINE ST., DURHAM, N. C.
+
+
+I was thirty-one years ole when de surrender come. Dat makes me sho
+nuff ole. Near 'bout a hundred an' three years done passed over dis here
+white head of mine. I'se been here, I mean I'se been here. 'Spects I'se
+de olest nigger in Durham. I'se been here so long dat I done forgot near
+'bout as much as dese here new generation niggers knows or ever gwine
+know.
+
+My white fo'ks lived in Chatham County. Dey was Marse George an' Mis'
+Betsy Herndon. Mis Betsy was a Snipes befo' she married Marse George.
+Dey had a big plantation an' raised cawn, wheat, cotton an' 'bacca. I
+don't know how many field niggers Marse George had, but he had a mess of
+dem, an' he had hosses too, an' cows, hogs an' sheeps. He raised sheeps
+an' sold de wool, an' dey used de wool at de big house too. Dey was a
+big weavin' room whare de blankets was wove, an' dey wove de cloth for
+de winter clothes too. Linda Hernton an' Milla Edwards was de head
+weavers, dey looked after de weavin' of de fancy blankets. Mis' Betsy
+was a good weaver too. She weave de same as de niggers. She say she love
+de clackin' soun' of de loom, an' de way de shuttles run in an' out
+carryin' a long tail of bright colored thread. Some days she set at de
+loom all de mawnin' peddlin' wid her feets an' her white han's flittin'
+over de bobbins.
+
+De cardin' an' spinnin' room was full of niggers. I can hear dem
+spinnin' wheels now turnin' roun' an' sayin' hum-m-m-m, hum-m-m-m, an'
+hear de slaves singin' while dey spin. Mammy Rachel stayed in de dyein'
+room. Dey wuzn' nothin' she didn' know' bout dyein'. She knew every kind
+of root, bark, leaf an' berry dat made red, blue, green, or whatever
+color she wanted. Dey had a big shelter whare de dye pots set over de
+coals. Mammy Rachel would fill de pots wid water, den she put in de
+roots, bark an' stuff an' boil de juice out, den she strain it an'put in
+de salt an' vinegar to set de color. After de wool an' cotton done been
+carded an' spun to thread, Mammy take de hanks an' drap dem in de pot of
+bollin' dye. She stir dem' roun' an' lif' dem up an' down wid a stick,
+an' when she hang dem up on de line in de sun, dey was every color of de
+rainbow. When dey dripped dry dey was sent to de weavin' room whare dey
+was wove in blankets an' things.
+
+When I growed up I married Exter Durham. He belonged to Marse Snipes
+Durham who had de plantation 'cross de county line in Orange County. We
+had a big weddin'. We was married on de front po'ch of de big house.
+Marse George killed a shoat an' Mis' Betsy had Georgianna, de cook, to
+bake a big weddin' cake all iced up white as snow wid a bride an' groom
+standin' in de middle holdin' han's. De table was set out in de yard
+under de trees, an' you ain't never seed de like of eats. All de niggers
+come to de feas' an' Marse George had a dram for everybody. Dat was
+some weddin'. I had on a white dress, white shoes an' long white gloves
+dat come to my elbow, an' Mis' Betsy done made me a weddin' veil out of
+a white net window curtain. When she played de weddin ma'ch on de piano,
+me an' Exter ma'ched down de walk an' up on de po'ch to de altar Mis'
+Betsy done fixed. Dat de pretties' altar I ever seed. Back 'gainst de
+rose vine dat was full or red roses, Mis' Betsy done put tables filled
+wid flowers an' white candles. She done spread down a bed sheet, a sho
+nuff linen sheet, for us to stan' on, an' dey was a white pillow to
+kneel down on. Exter done made me a weddin' ring. He made it out of a
+big red button wid his pocket knife. He done cut it so roun' an'
+polished it so smooth dat it looked like a red satin ribbon tide 'roun'
+my finger. Dat sho was a pretty ring. I wore it 'bout fifty years, den
+it got so thin dat I lost it one day in de wash tub when I was washin'
+clothes.
+
+Uncle Edmond Kirby married us. He was de nigger preacher dat preached at
+de plantation church. After Uncle Edmond said de las' words over me an'
+Exter, Marse George got to have his little fun: He say, 'Come on, Exter,
+you an' Tempie got to jump over de broom stick backwards; you got to do
+dat to see which one gwine be boss of your househol'.' Everybody come
+stan' 'roun to watch. Marse George hold de broom 'bout a foot high off
+de floor. De one dat jump over it backwards an' never touch de handle,
+gwine boss de house, an' if bof of dem jump over widout touchin' it, dey
+won't gwine be no bossin', dey jus' gwine be 'genial. I jumped fus',
+an' you ought to seed me. I sailed right over dat broom stick same as a
+cricket, but when Exter jump he done had a big dram an' his feets was so
+big an' clumsy dat dey got all tangled up in dat broom an' he fell head
+long. Marse George he laugh an' laugh, an' tole Exter he gwine be bossed
+'twell he skeered to speak less'n I tole him to speak. After de weddin'
+we went down to de cabin Mis' Betsy done all dressed up, but Exter
+couldn' stay no longer den dat night kaze he belonged to Marse Snipes
+Durham an' he had to back home. He lef' de nex day for his plantation,
+but he come back every Saturday night an' stay 'twell Sunday night. We
+had eleven chillun. Nine was bawn befo' surrender an' two after we was
+set free. So I had two chillun dat wuzn' bawn in bondage. I was worth a
+heap to Marse George kaze I had so manny chillun. De more chillun a
+slave had de more dey was worth. Lucy Carter was de only nigger on de
+plantation dat had more chillun den I had. She had twelve, but her
+chillun was sickly an' mine was muley strong an' healthy. Dey never was
+sick.
+
+When de war come Marse George was too ole to go, but young Marse Bill
+went. He went an' took my brother Sim wid him. Marse Bill took Sim along
+to look after his hoss an' everything. Dey didn' neither one get shot,
+but Mis' Betsy was skeered near 'bout to death all de time, skeered dey
+was gwine be brung home shot all to pieces like some of de sojers was.
+
+De Yankees wuzn' so bad. De mos' dey wanted was sumpin' to eat. Dey was
+all de time hungry, de fus' thing dey ax for when dey came was sumpin'
+to put in dey stomach. An' chicken! I ain' never seed even a preacher
+eat chicken like dem Yankees. I believes to my soul dey ain' never seed
+no chicken 'twell dey come down here. An' hot biscuit too. I seed a
+passel of dem eat up a whole sack of flour one night for supper.
+Georgianna sif' flour 'twell she look white an' dusty as a miller. Dem
+sojers didn' turn down no ham neither. Dat de onlies' thing dey took
+from Marse George. Dey went in de smoke house an' toted off de hams an'
+shoulders. Marse George say he come off mighty light if dat all dey
+want, 'sides he got plenty of shoats anyhow.
+
+We had all de eats we wanted while de war was shootin' dem guns, kaze
+Marse George was home an' he kep' de niggers workin'. We had chickens,
+gooses, meat, peas, flour, meal, potatoes an' things like dat all de
+time, an' milk an' butter too, but we didn' have no sugar an' coffee. We
+used groun' pa'ched cawn for coffee an' cane 'lasses for sweetnin'. Dat
+wuzn' so bad wid a heap of thick cream. Anyhow, we had enough to eat to
+'vide wid de neighbors dat didn' have none when surrender come.
+
+I was glad when de war stopped kaze den me an' Exter could be together
+all de time 'stead of Saturday an' Sunday. After we was free we lived
+right on at Marse George's plantation a long time. We rented de lan' for
+a fo'th of what we made, den after while be bought a farm. We paid three
+hundred dollars we done saved. We had a hoss, a steer, a cow an' two
+pigs, 'sides some chickens an' fo' geese. Mis' Betsy went up in de
+attic an' give us a bed an' bed tick; she give us enough goose feathers
+to make two pillows, den she give us a table an' some chairs. She give
+us some dishes too. Marse George give Exter a bushel of seed cawn an
+some seed wheat, den he tole him to go down to de barn an' get a bag of
+cotton seed. We got all dis den we hitched up de wagon an' th'owed in de
+passel of chillun an' moved to our new farm, an' de chillun was put to
+work in de fiel'; dey growed up in de fiel' kaze dey was put to work
+time dey could walk good.
+
+Freedom is all right, but de niggers was better off befo' surrender,
+kaze den dey was looked after an' dey didn' get in no trouble fightin'
+an' killin' like dey do dese days. If a nigger cut up an' got sassy in
+slavery times, his Ole Marse give him a good whippin' an' he went way
+back an' set down an' 'haved hese'f. If he was sick, Marse an' Mistis
+looked after him, an' if he needed store medicine, it was bought an'
+give to him; he didn' have to pay nothin'. Dey didn' even have to think'
+bout clothes nor nothin' like dat, dey was wove an' made an' give to
+dem. Maybe everybody's Marse an' Mistis wuzn' good as Marse George an'
+Mis' Betsy, but dey was de same as a mammy an' pappy to us niggers.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:  No. 2                  [320160]
+Worker:          Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:       466
+Subject:         EX-SLAVE STORY
+Story Teller:    George Eatman
+Editor:          Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 1 1937"]
+
+EX-SLAVE STORY
+
+An Interview on May 18, 1937 with George Eatman, 93, of Cary, R. #1.
+
+
+I belonged ter Mr. Gus Eatman who lived at de ole Templeton place on de
+Durham highway back as fer as I can 'member. I doan r'member my mammy
+an' pappy case dey wuz sold 'fore I knowed anything. I raised myself an'
+I reckon dat I done a fair job uv it. De marster an' missus wuz good to
+dere twenty-five slaves an' we ain't neber got no bad whuppin's.
+
+I doan 'member much playin' an' such like, but I de 'members dat I wuz
+de handy boy 'round de house.
+
+De Confederate soldiers camp at Ephesus Church one night, an' de nex'
+day de marster sent me ter de mill on Crabtree. Yo' 'members where ole
+Company mill is, I reckon? Well, as I rode de mule down de hill, out
+comes Wheeler's Calvalry, which am as mean as de Yankees, an' dey ax me
+lots uv questions. Atter awhile dey rides on an' leaves me 'lone.
+
+While I am at de mill one uv Wheeler's men takes my mule an' my co'n,
+an' I takes de ole saddle an' starts ter walkin' back home. All de way,
+most, I walks in de woods, case Wheeler's men am still passin'.
+
+When I gits ter de Morgan place I hyars de cannons a-boomin', ahh--h I
+ain't neber hyar sich a noise, an' when I gits so dat I can see dar dey
+goes, as thick as de hairs on a man's haid. I circles round an' gits
+behin' dem an' goes inter de back uv de-house. Well, dar stan's a
+Yankee, an' he axes Missus Mary fer de smokehouse key. She gibes it ter
+him an' dey gits all uv de meat.
+
+One big can uv grease am all dat wuz saved, an' dat wuz burried in de
+broom straw down in de fiel'.
+
+Dey camps roun' dar dat night an' dey shoots ever chicken, pig, an'
+calf dey sees. De nex' day de marster goes ter Raleigh, an' gits a
+gyard, but dey has done stole all our stuff an' we am liven' mostly on
+parched co'n.
+
+De only patterollers I knowed wuz Kenyan Jones an' Billy Pump an' dey
+wuz called po' white trash. Dey owned blood houn's, an' chased de
+niggers an' whupped dem shamful, I hyars. I neber seed but one Ku Klux
+an' he wuz sceered o' dem.
+
+Atter de war we stayed on five or six years case we ain't had no place
+else ter go.
+
+We ain't liked Abraham Lincoln, case he wuz a fool ter think dat we
+could live widout de white folkses, an' Jeff Davis wuz tryin' ter keep
+us, case he wuz greedy an' he wanted ter be de boss dog in politics.
+
+
+
+
+District:    No. 3.                     [320121]
+Worker:      Daisy Whaley
+Subject:     Ex-slave Story.
+Interviewed: Doc Edwards,
+             Ex-slave. 84 Yrs
+             Staggville, N. C.
+
+[HW: Capital A--circled]
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 6 1937"]
+
+DOC EDWARDS
+EX-SLAVE, 84 Yrs.
+
+
+I was bawn at Staggville, N. C., in 1853. I belonged to Marse Paul
+Cameron. My pappy was Murphy McCullers. Mammy's name was Judy. Dat would
+make me a McCullers, but I was always knowed as Doc Edwards an' dat is
+what I am called to dis day.
+
+I growed up to be de houseman an' I cooked for Marse Benehan,--Marse
+Paul's son. Marse Benehan was good to me. My health failed from doing so
+much work in de house an' so I would go for a couple of hours each day
+an' work in de fiel' to be out doors an' get well again.
+
+Marse Paul had so many niggers dat he never counted dem. When we opened
+de gate for him or met him in de road he would say, "Who is you? Whare
+you belong?" We would say, "We belong to Marse Paul." "Alright, run
+along" he'd say den, an' he would trow us a nickel or so.
+
+We had big work shops whare we made all de tools, an' even de shovels
+was made at home. Dey was made out of wood, so was de rakes, pitchforks
+an' some of de hoes. Our nails was made in de blacksmith shop by han'
+an' de picks an' grubbin' hoes, too.
+
+We had a han' thrashing machine. It was roun' like a stove pipe, only
+bigger. We fed de wheat to it an' shook it' til de wheat was loose from
+de straw an' when it come out at de other end it fell on a big cloth,
+bigger den de sheets. We had big curtains all roun' de cloth on de
+floor, like a tent, so de wheat wouldn' get scattered. Den we took de
+pitchfork an' lifted de straw up an' down so de wheat would go on de
+cloth. Den we moved de straw when de wheat was all loose Den we fanned
+de wheat wid big pieces of cloth to get de dust an' dirt outen it, so it
+could be taken to de mill an' groun' when it was wanted.
+
+When de fall come we had a regular place to do different work. We had
+han' looms an' wove our cotton an' yarn an' made de cloth what was to
+make de clothes for us to wear.
+
+We had a shop whare our shoes was made. De cobbler would make our shoes
+wid wooden soles. After de soles was cut out dey would be taken down to
+de blacksmiyh an' he would put a thin rim of iron aroun' de soles to
+keep dem from splitting. Dese soles was made from maple an' ash wood.
+
+We didn' have any horses to haul wid. We used oxen an' ox-carts. De
+horse and mules was used to do de plowin'.
+
+When de Yankees come dey didn' do so much harm, only dey tole us we was
+free niggers. But I always feel like I belong to Marse Paul, an' i still
+live at Staggville on de ole plantation. I has a little garden an' does
+what I can to earn a little somethin'. De law done fixed it so now dat I
+will get a little pension, an' I'll stay right on in dat little house
+'til de good Lawd calls me home, den I will see Marse Paul once more.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 11                   [320001]
+Worker:         Mrs. W. N. Harriss
+No. Words:      658
+Subject:        John Evans
+                Born in Slavery
+Editor:         Mrs. W. N. Harriss
+
+Interviewed
+
+John Evans on the street and in this Office.
+Residence changes frequently.
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "SEP--1937"]
+
+Story of John Evans
+Born in Slavery.
+
+
+I was born August 15th, 1859. I am 78 years old. Dat comes out right,
+don't it? My mother's name was Hattie Newbury. I don't never remember
+seein' my Pa. We lived on Middle Sound an' dat's where I was born. I
+knows de room, 'twas upstairs, an' when I knowed it, underneath,
+downstairs dat is, was bags of seed an' horse feed, harness an' things,
+but it was slave quarters when I come heah.
+
+Me an' my mother stayed right on with Mis' Newberry after freedom, an'
+never knowed no diffunce. They was jus' like sisters an' I never knowed
+nothin' but takin' keer of Mistus Newberry. She taught me my letters an'
+the Bible, an' was mighty perticler 'bout my manners. An' I'm tellin'
+you my manners is brought me a heap more money than my readin'--or de
+Bible. I'm gwine tell you how dat is, but fust I want to say the most I
+learned on Middle Sound was' bout fishin' an' huntin'. An' dawgs.
+
+My! But there sho' was birds an' possums on de Sound in dem days.
+Pa'tridges all over de place. Why, even me an' my Mammy et pa'tridges
+fer bre'kfust. Think of dat now! But when I growed up my job was
+fishin'. I made enough sellin' fish to the summer folks all along
+Wrightsville and Greenville Sounds to keep me all winter.
+
+My Mammy cooked fer Mis' Newberry. After a while they both died. I never
+did'nt git married.
+
+I don't know nothin' 'bout all the mean things I hear tell about slaves
+an' sich. We was just one fam'ly an' had all we needed. We never paid no
+'tention to freedom or not freedom. I remember eve'ybody had work to do
+in slavery an' dey gone right on doin' it sence. An' nobody don't git
+nowheres settin' down holdin' their han's. It do'n make so much diffunce
+anyhow what you does jes so's you does it.
+
+One time when I was carryin' in my fish to "Airlie" [TR: difficult to
+read] Mr. Pem Jones heard me laff, an' after I opened dis here mouf of
+mine an' laffed fer him I didn't have to bother 'bout fish no mo'.
+Lordy, dose rich folks he used to bring down fum New Yo'k is paid me as
+much as _sixty_ dollars a week to laff fer 'em. One of 'em was named Mr.
+_Fish_. Now you know dat tickled _me_. I could jes laff an' laff 'bout
+dat. Mr. Pem give me fine clo'es an' a tall silk hat. I'd eat a big
+dinner in de kitchen an' den go in' mongst de quality an' laff fer' em
+an' make my noise like a wood saw in my th'oat. Dey was crazy 'bout dat.
+An' then's when I began to be thankful 'bout my manners. I's noticed if
+you has nice manners wid eve'ybody people gwine to be nice to you.
+
+Well, (with a long sigh) I don't pick up no sich money nowadays; but
+my manners gives me many a chance to laff, an' I never don't go hungry.
+
+John has been a well known character for fifty years among the summer
+residents along the sounds and on Wrightsville Beach. He was a fisherman
+and huckster in his palmy days, but now John's vigor is on the wane, and
+he has little left with which to gain a livelihood except his unusually
+contagious laugh, and a truly remarkable flow of words. "Old John" could
+give Walter Winchel a handicap of twenty words a minute and then beat
+him at his own game. His mouth is enormous and his voice deep and
+resonant. He can make a noise like a wood saw which he maintains for 2
+or 3 minutes without apparent effort, the sound buzzing on and on from
+some mysterious depths of his being with amazing perfection of
+imitation.
+
+Any day during the baseball season John may be seen sandwiched between
+his announcement boards, a large bell in one hand, crying the ball game
+of the day. "Old John" to the youngsters; but finding many a quarter
+dropped in his hand by the older men with memories of gay hours and
+hearty laughter.
+
+
+
+
+District:    No. 3                      [320198]
+Worker:      Daisy Whaley
+Subject:     EX-SLAVE
+Storyteller: Lindsay Faucette
+             Ex-Slave
+             Church Street,
+             Durham, N. C.
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUL 2 1937"]
+
+LINDSEY FAUCETTE, 86 Yrs.
+Ex-slave.
+
+
+Yes, Mis', I wuz bawn in 1851, de 16th of November, on de Occoneechee
+Plantation, owned by Marse John Norwood an' his good wife, Mis' Annie.
+An' when I say 'good' I mean jus dat, for no better people ever lived
+den my Marse John an' Mis' Annie.
+
+One thing dat made our Marse an' Mistis so good wuz de way dey brought
+up us niggers. We wuz called to de big house an' taught de Bible an' dey
+wuz Bible readin's every day. We wuz taught to be good men an' women an'
+to be hones'. Marse never sold any of us niggers. But when his boys and
+girls got married he would give dem some of us to take with dem.
+
+Marse never allowed us to be whipped. One time we had a white overseer
+an' he whipped a fiel' han' called Sam Norwood, til de blood come. He
+beat him so bad dat de other niggers had to take him down to de river
+an' wash de blood off. When Marse come an' foun' dat out he sent dat
+white man off an' wouldn' let him stay on de plantation over night. He
+jus' wouldn' have him roun' de place no longer. He made Uncle Whitted de
+overseer kase he wuz one of de oldest slaves he had an' a good nigger.
+
+When any of us niggers got sick Mis' Annie would come down to de cabin
+to see us. She brung de best wine, good chicken an' chicken soup an'
+everything else she had at de big house dat she thought we would like,
+an' she done everything she could to get us well again.
+
+Marse John never worked us after dark. We worked in de day an' had de
+nights to play games an' have singin's. We never cooked on a Sunday.
+Everything we ett on dat day was cooked on Saturday. Dey wuzn' lighted
+in de cook stoves or fire places in de big house or cabins neither.
+Everybody rested on Sunday. De tables wuz set an' de food put on to eat,
+but nobody cut any wood an' dey wuzn' no other work don' on dat day.
+Mammy Beckie wuz my gran'mammy an' she toted de keys to de pantry an'
+smoke house, an' her word went wid Marse John an' Mis' Annie.
+
+Marse John wuz a great lawyer an' when he went to Pittsboro an' other
+places to practice, if he wuz to stay all night, Mis' Annie had my mammy
+sleep right in bed wid her, so she wouldn' be 'fraid.
+
+Marse an Mistis had three sons an' three daughters,--De oldest son wuz
+not able to go to war. He had studied so hard dat it had 'fected his
+mind, so he stayed at home. De secon' son, named Albert, went to war an'
+wuz brought back dead with a bullet hole through his head. Dat liked to
+have killed Marse John an' Mis' Annie. Dey wuz three girls, named, Mis'
+Maggie, Mis' Ella Bella and Mis' Rebena.
+
+I wuz de cow-tender. I took care of de cows an' de calves. I would have
+to hold de calf up to de mother cow 'til de milk would come down an' den
+I would have to hold it away 'til somebody done de milkin'. I tended de
+horses, too, an' anything else dat I wuz told to do.
+
+When de war started an' de Yankees come, dey didn' do much harm to our
+place. Marse had all de silver an' money an' other things of value hid
+under a big rock be de river an' de Yankees never did fine anything dat
+we hid.
+
+Our own sojers did more harm on our plantation den de Yankees. Dey
+camped in de woods an' never did have nuff to eat an' took what dey
+wanted. An' lice! I ain't never seed de like. It took fifteen years for
+us to get shed of de lice dat de sojers lef' behind. You jus' couldn'
+get dem out of your clothes les' you burned dem up. Dey wuz hard to get
+shed of.
+
+After de war wuz over Marse John let Pappy have eighteen acres of land
+for de use of two of his boys for a year. My pappy made a good crop of
+corn, wheat an' other food on dis land. Dey wuz a time when you couldn'
+find a crust of bread or piece of meat in my mammy's pantry for us to
+eat, an' when she did get a little meat or bread she would divide it
+between us chillun, so each would have a share an' go without herself
+an' never conplained.
+
+When pappy wuz makin' his crop some of de others would ask him why he
+didn' take up some of his crop and get somethin' to eat. He would answer
+an' say dat when he left dat place he intended to take his crop with him
+an' he did. He took plenty of corn, wheat, potatoes an' other food, a
+cow, her calf, mule an' hogs an' he moved to a farm dat he bought.
+
+Later on in years my pappy an mammy come here in Durham an' bought a
+home. I worked for dem' til I wuz thirty-two years old an' give dem what
+money I earned. I worked for as little as twenty-five cents a day. Den I
+got a dray an' hauled for fifteen cents a load from de Durham depo' to
+West Durham for fifteen years. Little did I think at dat time dat I
+would ever have big trucks an' a payroll of $6,000.00 a year. De good
+Lawd has blest me all de way, an' all I have is His'n, even to my own
+breath.
+
+Den one day I went back home to see my old Marse an' I foun' him sittin'
+in a big chair on de po'ch an' his health wuzn' so good. He sed,
+"Lindsey, why don' you stop runnin' roun' wid de girls an' stop you
+cou't 'n? You never will get nowhere makin' all de girls love you an' den
+you walk away an' make up with some other girl. Go get yourself a good
+girl an' get married an' raise a family an' be somebody." An' I did. I
+quit all de girls an' I foun' a fine girl and we wuz married. I sho got
+a good wife; I got one of de best women dat could be foun' an' we lived
+together for over forty-five years. Den she died six years ago now, an'
+I sho miss her for she wuz a real help-mate all through dese years. We
+raised five chillun an' educated dem to be school teachers an' other
+trades.
+
+I have tried to live de way I wuz raised to. My wife never worked a day
+away from home all de years we wuz married. It wuz my raisin an' my
+strong faith in my Lawd an' Marster dat helped me to get along as well
+as I have, an' I bless Him every day for de strength He has given me to
+bring up my family as well as I have. Der is only one way to live an'
+dat is de right way. Educate your chillun, if you can, but be sho you
+give dem de proper moral training at home. De right way to raise your
+chillun is to larn dem to have manners and proper respect for their
+parents, be good citizens an' God fearin' men an' women. When you have
+done dat you will not be ashamed of dem in your old age. I bless my
+Maker dat I have lived so clos' to Him as I have all dese years an' when
+de time comes to go to Him I will have no regrets an' no fears.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320223]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      567
+Subject:        A SLAVE STORY
+Story Teller:   Ora M. Flagg
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+ORA M. FLAGG
+811 Oberlin Road
+
+
+My name is Ora M. Flagg. I wus born in Raleigh near the Professional
+Building, in the year 1860, October 16. My mother wus named Jane Busbee.
+Her marster wus Quent Busbee, a lawyer. Her missus wus Julia Busbee. She
+wus a Taylor before she married Mr. Busbee. Now I tell you, I can't tell
+you exactly, but the old heads died. The old heads were the Scurlocks
+who lived in Chatham County. I heard their names but I don't remember
+them. Their children when they died drawed for the slaves and my mother
+wus brought to Raleigh when she wus eight years old. She came from the
+Scurlocks to the Busbees. The Taylors were relatives of the Scurlocks,
+and were allowed to draw, and Julia Taylor drawed my mother. It wus
+fixed so the slaves on this estate could not be sold, but could be
+drawed for by the family and relatives. She got along just middlin'
+after her missus died. When her missus died, mother said she had to look
+after herself. Mr. Busbee would not allow anyone to whip mother. He
+married Miss Lizzie Bledsoe the second time.
+
+I wus only a child and, of course, I thought as I could get a little
+something to eat everything wus all right, but we had few comforts. We
+had prayer meeting and we went to the white people's church. I heard
+mother say that they had to be very careful what they said in their
+worship. Lots of time dey put us children to bed and went off.
+
+About the time of the surrender, I heard a lot about the patterollers,
+but I did not know what they were. Children wus not as wise then as they
+are now. They didn't know as much about things.
+
+Yes sir, I remember the Yankees coming to Raleigh, we had been taken
+out to Moses Bledsoe's place on Holleman's Road to protect Mr. Bledsoe's
+things. They said if they put the things out there, and put a family of
+Negroes there the Yankees would not bother the things. So they stored a
+lot of stuff there, and put my mother an' a slave man by the name o' Tom
+Gillmore there. Two Negro families were there. We children watched the
+Yankees march by.
+
+The Yankees went through everything, and when mother wouldn't tell them
+where the silver wus hid they threw her things in the well. Mother
+cried, an' when the Yankee officers heard of it they sent a guard there
+to protect us. The colored man, Tom Gillmore, wus so scared, he and his
+family moved out at night leaving my mother alone with her family. The
+Yankees ate the preserves and all the meat and other things. They
+destroyed a lot they could not eat.
+
+Mother and me stayed on with marster after the surrender, and stayed
+on his place till he died. After that we moved to Peck's Place, called
+Peck's Place because the property wus sold by Louis Peck. It wus also
+called the 'Save-rent' section, then in later years Oberlin Road.
+
+I think slavery wus a bad thing, while it had its good points in
+building good strong men. In some cases where marsters were bad it wus a
+bad thing.
+
+Abraham Lincoln wus our friend, he set us free. I don't know much about
+Booker T. Washington. Mr Roosevelt is all right. Jim Young seemed to be
+all right. Jeff Davis didn't bother me. I guess he wus all right.
+
+EH
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320214]
+Worker:         Mary Hicks
+No. Words:      361
+Subject:        Ex-Slave Story
+Story Teller:   Analiza Foster.
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+EX-SLAVE STORY
+
+An interview with Analiza Foster, 68 of 1120 South
+Blount Street, Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+I wuz borned in Person County ter Tom Line an' Harriet Cash. My mammy
+belonged ter a Mr. Cash an' pappy belonged ter Miss Betsy Woods. Both of
+dese owners wuz mean ter dere slaves an' dey ain't carin' much if'en dey
+kills one, case dey's got plenty. Dar wuz one woman dat I hyard mammy
+tell of bein' beat clean ter death.
+
+De 'oman wuz pregnant an' she fainted in de fiel' at de plow. De driver
+said dat she wuz puttin' on, an' dat she ort ter be beat. De master said
+dat she can be beat but don't ter hurt de baby. De driver says dat he
+won't, den he digs a hole in de sand an' he puts de 'oman in de hole,
+which am nigh 'bout ter her arm pits, den he kivers her up an' straps
+her han's over her haid.
+
+He takes de long bull whup an' he cuts long gashes all over her
+shoulders an' raised arms, den he walks off an' leabes her dar fer a
+hour in de hot sun. De flies an' de gnats dey worry her, an' de sun
+hurts too an' she cries a little, den de driver comes out wid a pan
+full of vinegar, salt an' red pepper an' he washes de gashes. De 'oman
+faints an' he digs her up, but in a few minutes she am stone dead.
+
+Dat's de wust case dat I'se eber hyard of but I reckon dar wuz plenty
+more of dem.
+
+Ter show yo' de value of slaves I'll tell yo' 'bout my gran'ma. She wuz
+sold on de block four times, an' eber time she brung a thousand dollars.
+She wuz valuable case she wuz strong an' could plow day by day, den too
+she could have twenty chilluns an' wuck right on.
+
+De Yankees come through our country an' dey makes de slaves draw water
+fer de horses all night. Course dey stold eber'thing dey got dere han's
+on but dat wuz what ole Abraham Lincoln tol' dem ter do.
+
+MH:EH
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320088]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      570
+Subject:        A SLAVE STORY
+Story Teller:   Georgianna Foster
+Editor:         George L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 23 1937"]
+
+GEORGIANNA FOSTER
+1308 Poole Road, Route # 2. Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+I wus born in 1861. I jes' can 'member de Yankees comin' through, but I
+'members dere wus a lot of 'em wearin' blue clothes. I wus born at
+Kerney Upchurch's plantation twelve miles from Raleigh. He wus my
+marster an' Missus Enny wus his wife. My father wus named Axiom Wilder
+and my mother wus Mancy Wilder. De most I know 'bout slavery dey tole it
+to me. I 'members I run when de Yankees come close to me. I wus 'fraid
+of 'em.
+
+We lived in a little log houses at marsters. De food wus short an'
+things in general wus bad, so mother tole me. She said dey wus a whole
+lot meaner den dey had any business bein'. Dey allowed de patterollers
+to snoop around an' whup de slaves, mother said dey stripped some of de
+slaves naked an' whupped 'em. She said women had to work all day in de
+fields an' come home an' do de house work at night while de white folks
+hardly done a han's turn of work.
+
+Marse Kerney had a sluice of chilluns. I can't think of 'em all, but I
+'members Calvin, James, Allen, Emily, Helen, an' I jest can't think of
+de rest of de chilluns names.
+
+Mother said dey gathered slaves together like dey did horses an' sold
+'em on de block. Mother said dey carried some to Rolesville in Wake
+County an' sold 'em. Dey sold Henry Temples an' Lucinda Upchurch from
+marster's plantation, but dey carried 'em to Raleigh to sell 'em.
+
+We wore homemade clothes an' shoes wid wooden bottoms. Dey would not
+allow us to sing an' pray but dey turned pots down at de door an' sung
+an' prayed enyhow an' de Lord heard dere prayers. Dat dey did sing an'
+pray.
+
+Mother said dey whupped a slave if dey caught him wid a book in his
+hand. You wus not 'lowed no books. Larnin' among de slaves wus a
+forbidden thing. Dey wus not allowed to cook anything for demselves at
+de cabins no time 'cept night. Dere wus a cook who cooked fur all durin'
+de day. Sometimes de field han's had to work 'round de place at night
+after comin' in from de fields. Mother said livin' at marster's wus hard
+an' when dey set us free we left as quick as we could an' went to Mr.
+Bob Perry's plantation an' stayed there many years. He wus a good man
+an' give us all a chance. Mother wus free born at Upchurch's but when de
+war ended, she had been bound to Wilder by her mother, an' had married
+my father who wus a slave belongin' to Bob Wilder. Dey did not like de
+fare at Marster Upchurch's or Marster Wilder's, so when dey wus set free
+dey lef' an' went to Mrs. Perry's place.
+
+Dey had overseers on both plantations in slavery time but some of de
+niggers would run away before dey would take a whuppin'. Fred Perry run
+away to keep from bein' sold. He come back do' an' tole his marster to
+do what he wanted to wid him. His marster told him to go to work an' he
+stayed dere till he wus set free. God heard his prayer 'cause he said he
+axed God not to let him be sold.
+
+Mother an' father said Abraham Lincoln come through there on his way to
+Jeff Davis. Jeff Davis wus de Southern President. Lincoln say, 'Turn dem
+slaves loose, Jeff Davis,' an' Jeff Davis said nuthin'. Den he come de
+second time an' say, 'Is you gwine to turn dem slaves loose?' an' Jeff
+Davis wouldn't do it. Den Lincoln come a third time an' had a cannon
+shootin' man wid him an' he axed, 'Is you gwine to set dem slaves free
+Jeff Davis?' An' Jeff Davis he say, 'Abraham Lincoln, you knows I is not
+goin' to give up my property, an' den Lincoln said, 'I jest as well go
+back an' git up my crowd den.' Dey talked down in South Carolina an'
+when Jeff Davis 'fused to set us free, Lincoln went home to the North
+and got up his crowd, one hundred an' forty thousand men, dey said, an'
+de war begun. Dey fighted an' fighted an' de Yankees whupped. Dey set us
+free an' dey say dat dey hung Jeff Davis on a ole apple tree.
+
+EH
+[HW in margin:--illegible]
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320247]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      815
+Subject:        FRANK FREEMAN
+Story Teller:   Frank Freeman
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+FRANK FREEMAN
+216 Tappers Lane
+
+
+I was born near Rolesville in Wake County Christmas Eve, 24 of December
+1857. I am 76 years old. My name is Frank Freeman and my wife's name is
+Mary Freeman. She is 78 years old. We live at 216 Tuppers Lane, Raleigh,
+Wake County, North Carolina. I belonged to ole man Jim Wiggins jus' this
+side o' Roseville, fourteen miles from Raleigh. The great house is
+standin' there now, and a family by the name o' Gill, a colored man's
+family, lives there. The place is owned by ole man Jim Wiggins's
+grandson, whose name is O. B. Wiggins. My wife belonged to the Terrells
+before the surrender. I married after the war. I was forty years ole
+when I was married.
+
+Old man Jim Wiggins was good to his niggers, and when the slave
+children were taken off by his children they treated us good. Missus
+dressed mother up in her clothes and let her go to church. We had good,
+well cooked food, good clothes, and good places to sleep. Some of the
+chimneys which were once attached to the slave houses are standing on
+the plantation. The home plantation in Wake County was 3000 acres.
+
+Marster also owned three and a quarter plantations in Franklin County.
+He kept about ten men at home and would not let his slave boys work
+until they were 18 years old, except tend to horses and do light jobs
+around the house. He had slaves on all his plantations but they were
+under colored overseers who were slaves themselves. Marster had three
+boys and five girls, eight children of his own.
+
+One of the girls was Siddie Wiggins. When she married Alfred Holland,
+and they went to Smithfield to live she took me with her, when I was two
+years old. She thought so much o' me mother was willing to let me go.
+Mother loved Miss Siddie, and it was agreeable in the family. I stayed
+right on with her after the surrender three years until 1868. My father
+decided to take me home then and went after me.
+
+They never taught us books of any kind. I was about 8 years old when I
+began to study books. When I was 21 Christmas Eve 1880, father told me I
+was my own man and that was all he had to give me.
+
+I had decided many years before to save all my nickles. I kept them in
+a bag. I did not drink, chew, smoke or use tobacco in any way during
+this time. When he told me I was free I counted up my money and found I
+had $47.75. I had never up to this tasted liquor or tobacco. I don't
+know anything about it yet. I have never used it. With that money I
+entered Shaw University. I worked eight hours a week in order to help
+pay my way.
+
+Later I went into public service, teaching four months a year in the
+public schools. My salary was $25.00 per month. I kept going to school
+at Shaw until I could get a first grade teacher's certificate. I never
+graduated. I taught in the public schools for 43 years. I would be
+teaching now, but I have high blood pressure.
+
+I was at Master Hollands at Smithfield when the Yankees came through.
+They went into my Marster's store and began breaking up things and
+taking what they wanted. They were dressed in blue and I did not know
+who they were. I asked and someone told me they were the Yankees.
+
+My father was named Burton, and my mother was named Queen Anne. Father
+was a Freeman and mother was a Wiggins.
+
+There were no churches on the plantation. My father told me a story
+about his young master, Joe Freeman and my father's brother Soloman.
+Marster got Soloman to help whip him. My father went in to see young
+Missus and told her about it, and let her know he was going away. He had
+got the cradle blade and said he would kill either of them if they
+bothered him. Father had so much Indian blood in him that he would
+fight. He ran away and stayed four years and passed for a free nigger.
+He stayed in the Bancomb Settlement in Johnson County. When he came home
+before the war ended, Old Marster said, 'Soloman why didn't you stay?'
+father said, 'I have been off long enough'. Marster said 'Go to work',
+and there was no more to it. Father helped build the breastworks in the
+Eastern part of the State down at Ft. Fisher. He worked on the forts at
+New Bern too.
+
+I think Abraham Lincoln worked hard for our freedom. He was a great
+man. I think Mr. Roosevelt is a good man and is doing all he can for the
+good of all.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320010]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      976
+Subject:        ADDY GILL
+Story Teller:   Addy Gill
+Editor:         G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "SEP 10 1937"]
+
+ADDY GILL 1614 "B" St. Lincoln Park Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+I am seventy four years of age. I wus born a slave Jan. 6, 1863 on a
+plantation near Millburnie, Wake County, owned by Major Wilder, who
+hired my father's time. His wife wus named Sarah Wilder. I don't know
+anything 'bout slavery 'cept what wus tole me by father and mother but I
+do know that if it had not been for what de southern white folks done
+for us niggers we'd have perished to death. De north turned us out wid
+out anything to make a livin' wid.
+
+My father wus David Gill and, my mother wus Emily Gill. My father wus a
+blacksmith an he moved from place to place where dey hired his time.
+Dats why I wus born on Major Wilders place. Marster Gill who owned us
+hired father to Major Wilder and mother moved wid him. For a longtime
+atter de war, nine years, we stayed on wid Major Wilder, de place we wus
+at when dey set us free.
+
+Mr. Wilder had a large plantation and owned a large number of slaves
+before de surrender. I only 'members fourteen of de ones I know belonged
+to him. Mr. Wilder wus a mighty good man. We had plenty to eat an plenty
+work to do. Dere wus seven in the Major's family. Three boys, two girls,
+he an his wife. His boys wus named Sam, Will and Crockett. De girls wus
+named Florence and Flora. Dey are all dead, every one of 'em. De whole
+set. I don't know nary one of 'em dats livin. If dey wus livin I could
+go to 'em an' git a meal any time. Yes Sir! any time, day or night.
+
+I farmed for a long time for myself atter I wus free from my father at
+21 years of age. Den 'bout twelve years ago I come to Raleigh and got a
+job as butler at St. Augustine Episcopal College for Colored. I worked
+dere eight years, wus taken sick while workin dere an has been unable to
+work much since. Dat wus four years ago. Since den sometimes I ain't
+able to git up outen my cheer when I is settin down. I tells you,
+mister, when a nigger leaves de farm an comes to town to live he sho is
+takin a mighty big chance wid de wolf. He is just a riskin parishin,
+dats what he is a doin.
+
+I married forty five years ago this past November. I wus married on de
+second Thursday night in November to Millie Ruffin of Wake County, North
+Carolina. We had leben chilluns, six boys an five gals. Four of the boys
+an one of de gals is livin now. Some of my chilluns went north but dey
+didn't stay dere but two months. De one dat went north wus Sam, dat wus
+de oldest one. He took a notion to marry so he went up to Pennsylvania
+and worked. Just as soon as he got enough money to marry on he come back
+an got married. He never went back north no more.
+
+Mother belonged to Sam Krenshaw before she wus bought by Marster Gill.
+Her missus when she was a girl growin up wus Mrs. Louise Krenshaw. De
+missus done de whuppin on Mr. Krenshaw's plantation an she wus mighty
+rough at times. She whupped mother an cut her back to pieces so bad dat
+de scars wus on her when she died. Father died in Raleigh an mother died
+out on Miss Annie Ball's farm 'bout seven miles from Raleigh. Mother an
+father wus livin there when mother died. Father den come to Raleigh an
+died here.
+
+I caint read an write but all my chilluns can read and write. Mother
+and father could not read or write. I haint had no chance. I had no
+larnin. I had to depend on white folks I farmed wid to look atter my
+business. Some of em cheated me out of what I made. I am tellin you de
+truth 'bout some of de landlords, dey got mighty nigh all I made. Mr.
+Richard Taylor who owned a farm near Raleigh whur I stayed two years wus
+one of em. He charged de same thing three times an I had it to pay. I
+stayed two years an made nothin'. Dis is de truth from my heart, from
+here to glory. I members payin' fur a middlin of meat twice. Some of de
+white folks looked out fur me an prospered. Mr. Dave Faulk wus one of
+'em. I stayed wid him six years and I prospered. Mr. John Bushnell wus a
+man who took up no time wid niggers. I rented from him a long time.
+
+He furnished a nigger cash to run his crap on. De nigger made de crap
+sold it an carried him his part. He figgered 'bout what he should have
+an de nigger paid in cash. He wus a mighty good man to his nigger
+tenants. I never owned a farm, I never owned horses or mules to farm
+with. I worked de landlords stock and farmed his land on shares. Farmin'
+has been my happiest life and I wushes I wus able to farm agin cause I
+am happiest when on de farm.
+
+I had a quiet home weddin' an I wus married by a white magistrate. I
+got up one night an' wus married at 1 o'clock.
+
+Atter de weddin she went back home wid me. We have had our ups and
+downs in life. Sometimes de livin' has been mighty hard, but dere has
+never been a time since I been free when I could not git a handout from
+de white folks back yard.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320020]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      2,118
+Subject:        A SLAVE STORY
+Story Teller:   Robert Glenn
+Editor:         George L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "SEP 10 1937"]
+
+ROBERT GLENN 207 Idlewild Avenue Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+I was a slave before and during the Civil War. I am 87 years old. I was
+born Sept. 16, 1850. I was born in Orange County, North Carolina near
+Hillsboro. At that time Durham was just a platform at the station and no
+house there whatever. The platform was lighted with a contraption shaped
+like a basket and burning coal that gave off a blaze. There were holes
+in this metal basket for the cinders to fall through.
+
+I belonged to a man named Bob Hall, he was a widower. He had three
+sons, Thomas, Nelson, and Lambert. He died when I was eight years old
+and I was put on the block and sold in Nelson Hall's yard by the son of
+Bob Hall. I saw my brother and sister sold on this same plantation. My
+mother belonged to the Halls, and father belonged to the Glenns. They
+sold me away from my father and mother and I was carried to the state of
+Kentucky. I was bought by a Negro speculator by the name of Henry long
+who lived not far from Hurdles Mill in Person County. I was not allowed
+to tell my mother and father goodbye. I was bought and sold three times
+in one day.
+
+My father's time was hired out and as he knew a trade he had by working
+overtime saved up a considerable amount of money. After the speculator,
+Henry Long, bought me, mother went to father and pled with him to buy me
+from him and let the white folks hire me out. No slave could own a
+slave. Father got the consent and help of his owners to buy me and they
+asked Long to put me on the block again. Long did so and named his price
+but when he learned who had bid me off he backed down. Later in the day
+he put me on the block and named another price much higher than the
+price formerly set. He was asked by the white folks to name his price
+for his bargain and he did so. I was again put on the auction block and
+father bought me in, putting up the cash. Long then flew into a rage and
+cursed my father saying, 'you damn black son of a bitch, you think you
+are white do you? Now just to show you are black, I will not let you
+have your son at any price.' Father knew it was all off, mother was
+frantic but there was nothing they could do about it. They had to stand
+and see the speculator put me on his horse behind him and ride away
+without allowing either of them to tell me goodbye. I figure I was sold
+three times in one day, as the price asked was offered in each instance.
+Mother was told under threat of a whupping not to make any outcry when I
+was carried away. He took me to his home, but on the way he stopped for
+refreshments, at a plantation, and while he was eating and drinking, he
+put me into a room where two white women were spinning flax. I was given
+a seat across the room from where they were working. After I had sat
+there awhile wondering where I was going and thinking about mother and
+home, I went to one of the women and asked, 'Missus when will I see my
+mother again?' She replied, I don't know child, go and sit down. I went
+back to my seat and as I did so both the women stopped spinning for a
+moment, looked at each other, and one of them remarked. "Almighty God,
+this slavery business is a horrible thing. Chances are this boy will
+never see his mother again." This remark nearly killed me, as I began to
+fully realize my situation. Long, the Negro trader, soon came back, put
+me on his horse and finished the trip to his home. He kept me at his
+home awhile and then traded me to a man named William Moore who lived in
+Person County. Moore at this time was planning to move to Kentucky which
+he soon did, taking me with him. My mother found out by the "Grapevine
+telegraph" that I was going to be carried to Kentucky. She got
+permission and came to see me before they carried me off. When she
+started home I was allowed to go part of the way with her but they sent
+two Negro girls with us to insure my return. We were allowed to talk
+privately, but while we were doing so, the two girls stood a short
+distance away and watched as the marster told them when they left that
+if I escaped they would be whipped every day until I was caught. When
+the time of parting came and I had to turn back, I burst out crying
+loud. I was so weak from sorrow I could not walk, and the two girls who
+were with me took me by each arm and led me along half carrying me.
+
+This man Moore carried me and several other slaves to Kentucky. We
+traveled by train by way of Nashville, Tenn. My thoughts are not
+familiar with the happenings of this trip but I remember that we walked
+a long distance at one place on the trip from one depot to another.
+
+We finally reached Kentucky and Moore stopped at his brother's
+plantation until he could buy one, then we moved on it. My marster was
+named William Moore and my missus was named Martha Whitfield Moore. It
+was a big plantation and he hired a lot of help and had white tenants
+besides the land he worked with slaves. There were only six slaves used
+as regular field hands during his first year in Kentucky.
+
+The food was generally common. Hog meat and cornbread most all the
+time. Slaves got biscuits only on Sunday morning. Our clothes were poor
+and I worked barefooted most of the time, winter and summer. No books,
+papers or anything concerning education was allowed the slaves by his
+rules and the customs of these times.
+
+Marster Moore had four children among whom was one boy about my age.
+The girls were named Atona, Beulah, and Minnie, and the boy was named
+Crosby. He was mighty brilliant. We played together. He was the only
+white boy there, and he took a great liking to me, and we loved each
+devotedly. Once in an undertone he asked me how would I like to have an
+education. I was overjoyed at the suggestion and he at once began to
+teach me secretly. I studied hard and he soon had me so I could read and
+write well. I continued studying and he continued teaching me. He
+furnished me books and slipped all the papers he could get to me and I
+was the best educated Negro in the community without anyone except the
+slaves knowing what was going on.
+
+All the slaves on marster's plantation lived the first year we spent in
+Kentucky in a one room house with one fireplace. There was a dozen or
+more who all lived in this one room house. Marster built himself a large
+house having seven rooms. He worked his slaves himself and never had any
+overseers. We worked from sun to sun in the fields and then worked at
+the house after getting in from the fields as long as we could see. I
+have never seen a patteroller but when I left the plantation in slavery
+time I got a pass. I have never seen a jail for slaves but I have seen
+slaves whipped and I was whipped myself. I was whipped particularly
+about a saddle I left out in the night after using it during the day. My
+flesh was cut up so bad that the scars are on me to this day.
+
+We were not allowed to have prayer meetings, but we went to the white
+folks church to services sometimes. There were no looms, mills, or shops
+on the plantation at Marster Moore's. I kept the name of Glenn through
+all the years as Marster Moore did not change his slaves names to his
+family name. My mother was named Martha Glenn and father was named Bob
+Glenn.
+
+I was in the field when I first heard of the Civil War. The woman who
+looked after Henry Hall and myself (both slaves) told me she heard
+marster say old Abraham Lincoln was trying to free the niggers. Marster
+finally pulled me up and went and joined the Confederate Army. Kentucky
+split and part joined the North and part the South. The war news kept
+slipping through of success for first one side then the other. Sometimes
+marster would come home, spend a few days and then go again to the war.
+It seemed he influenced a lot of men to join the southern army, among
+them was a man named Enoch Moorehead. Moorehead was killed in a few days
+after he joined the southern army.
+
+Marster Moore fell out with a lot of his associates in the army and
+some of them who were from the same community became his bitter enemies.
+Tom Foushee was one of them. Marster became so alarmed over the threats
+on his life made by Foushee and others that he was afraid to stay in his
+own home at night, and he built a little camp one and one half miles
+from his home and he and missus spent their nights there on his visits
+home. Foushee finally came to the great house one night heavily armed,
+came right on into the house and inquired for marster. We told him
+marster was away. Foushee lay down on the floor and waited a long time
+for him. Marster was at the little camp but we would not tell where he
+was.
+
+Foushee left after spending most of the night at marster's. As he went
+out into the yard, when leaving, marster's bull dog grawled at him and
+he shot him dead.
+
+Marster went to Henderson, Kentucky, the County seat of Henderson
+County, and surrendered to the Federal Army and took the Oath of
+Allegiance. Up to that time I had seen a few Yankees. They stopped now
+and then at marster's and got their breakfast. They always asked about
+buttermilk, they seemed to be very fond of it. They were also fond of
+ham, but we had the ham meat buried in the ground, this was about the
+close of the war. A big army of Yankees came through a few months later
+and soon we heard of the surrender. A few days after this marster told
+me to catch two horses that we had to go to Dickenson which was the
+County seat of Webster County. On the way to Dickenson he said to me,
+'Bob, did you know you are free and Lincoln has freed you? You are as
+free as I am.' We went to the Freedmen's Bureau and went into the
+office. A Yankee officer looked me over and asked marster my name, and
+informed me I was free, and asked me whether or not I wanted to keep
+living with Moore. I did not know what to do, so I told him yes. A fixed
+price of seventy-five dollars and board was then set as the salary I
+should receive per year for my work. The Yankees told me to let him know
+if I was not paid as agreed.
+
+I went back home and stayed a year. During the year I hunted a lot at
+night and thoroughly enjoyed being free. I took my freedom by degrees
+and remained obedient and respectful, but still wondering and thinking
+of what the future held for me. After I retired at night I made plan
+after plan and built aircastles as to what I would do. At this time I
+formed a great attachment for the white man, Mr. Atlas Chandler, with
+whom I hunted. He bought my part of the game we caught and favored me in
+other ways. Mr. Chandler had a friend, Mr. Dewitt Yarborough, who was an
+adventurer, and trader, and half brother to my ex-marster, Mr. Moore,
+with whom I was then staying. He is responsible for me taking myself
+into my own hands and getting out of feeling I was still under
+obligations to ask my marster or missus when I desired to leave the
+premises. Mr. Yarborough's son was off at school at a place called
+Kiloh, Kentucky, and he wanted to carry a horse to him and also take
+along some other animals for trading purposes. He offered me a new pair
+of pants to make the trip for him and I accepted the job. I delivered
+the horse to his son and started for home. On the way back I ran into
+Uncle Squire Yarborough who once belonged to Dewitt Yarborough. He
+persuaded me to go home with him and go with him to a wedding in Union
+County, Kentucky. The wedding was twenty miles away and we walked the
+entire distance. It was a double wedding, two couples were married.
+Georgianna Hawkins was married to George Ross and Steve Carter married a
+woman whose name I do not remember. This was in the winter during the
+Christmas Holidays and I stayed in the community until about the first
+of January, then I went back home. I had been thinking for several days
+before I went back home as to just what I must tell Mr. Moore and as to
+how he felt about the matter, and what I would get when I got home. In
+my dilema I almost forgot I was free.
+
+I got home at night and my mind and heart was full but I was surprised
+at the way he treated me. He acted kind and asked me if I was going to
+stay with him next year. I was pleased. I told him, yes sir! and then I
+lay down and went to sleep. He had a boss man on his plantation then and
+next morning he called me, but I just couldn't wake. I seemed to be in a
+trance or something, I had recently lost so much sleep. He called me the
+second time and still I di [HW: d] not get up. Then he came in and
+spanked my head. I jumped up and went to work feeding the stock and
+splitting wood for the day's cooking and fires. I then went in and ate
+my breakfast. Mr. Moore told me to hitch a team of horses to a wagon and
+go to a neighbors five miles away for a load of hogs. I refused to do
+so. They called me into the house and asked me what I was going to do
+about it. I said I do not know. As I said that I stepped out of the
+door and left. I went straight to the county seat and hired to Dr.
+George Rasby in Webster County for one hundred dollars per year. I
+stayed there one year. I got uneasy in Kentucky. The whites treated the
+blacks awful bad so I decided to go to Illinois as I thought a Negro
+might have a better chance there, it being a northern state. I was
+kindly treated and soon began to save money, but all through the years
+there was a thought that haunted me in my dreams and in my waking hours,
+and this thought was of my mother, whom I had not seen or heard of in
+many years. Finally one cold morning in early December I made a vow that
+I was going to North Carolina and see my mother if she was still living.
+I had plenty of money for the trip. I wrote the postmaster in Roxboro,
+North Carolina, asking him to inform my mother I was still living, and
+telling him the circumstances, mailing a letter at the same time telling
+her I was still alive but saying nothing of my intended visit to her. I
+left Illinois bound for North Carolina on December 15th and in a few
+days I was at my mother's home. I tried to fool them. There were two men
+with me and they called me by a ficticious name, but when I shook my
+mother's hand I held it a little too long and she suspicioned something
+still she held herself until she was more sure. When she got a chance
+she came to me and said ain't you my child? Tell me ain't you my child
+whom I left on the road near Mr. Moore's before the war? I broke down
+and began to cry. Mother nor father did not know me, but mother
+suspicioned I was her child. Father had a few days previously remarked
+that he did not want to die without seeing his son once more. I could
+not find language to express my feeling. I did not know before I came
+home whether my parents were dead or alive. This Christmas I spent in
+the county and state of my birth and childhood; with mother, father and
+freedom was the happiest period of my entire life, because those who
+were torn apart in bondage and sorrow several years previous were now
+united in freedom and happiness.
+
+EH
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 3                   [ ]
+Worker:         Travis Jordan
+Subject:        SARAH ANNE GREEN
+                Ex-Slave, 78 Years
+                Durham County
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+SARAH ANNE GREEN
+EX-SLAVE 78 YEARS
+
+
+My mammy an' pappy wuz Anderson an' Hannah Watson. We fus' belonged to
+Marse Billy an' Mis Roby Watson, but when Marse Billy's daughter, Mis'
+Susie ma'ied young Marse Billy Headen, Ole Marse give her me, an' my
+mammy an' my pappy for er weddin' gif'. So, I growed up as Sarah Anne
+Headen.
+
+My pappy had blue eyes. Dey wuz jus' like Marse Billy's eyes, kaze Ole
+Marse wuz pappy's marster an' his pappy too. Ole Marse wuz called
+Hickory Billy, dey called him dat kaze he chewed hickory bark. He
+wouldn' touch 'bacca, but he kept er twis' of dis bark in his pocket
+mos' all de time. He would make us chillun go down whare de niggers wuz
+splittin' rails an' peel dis bark off de logs befo' dey wuz split. De
+stuff he chewed come off de log right under de bark. After dey'd skin de
+logs we'd peel off dis hickory 'bacca in long strips an' make it up in
+twis's for Ole Marse. It wuz yellah an' tas' sweet an' sappy, an' he'd
+chew an' spit, an' chew an' spit. Mis' Roby wouldn' 'low no chewin' in
+de house, but Ole Marse sho done some spittin' outside. He could stan'
+in de barn door an' spit clear up in de lof'.
+
+Ole Marse an' Mis Roby lived on er big plantation near Goldston an' dey
+had 'bout three hundred slaves. Hannah, my mammy, wuz de head
+seamstress. She had to 'ten' to de makin' of all de slaves clothes. De
+niggers had good clothes. De cloth wuz home woven in de weavin' room.
+Ten niggers didn' do nothin' but weave, but every slave had one Sunday
+dress a year made out of store bought cloth. Ole Marse seed to dat. Ole
+Marse made de niggers go to chu'ch too. He had er meetin' house on
+plantation an' every Sunday we wuz ma'ched to meetin'. Dey wuz preachin'
+every other Sunday an' Sunday School every Sunday. Marse Billy an' Mis'
+Roby teached de Sunday School, but dey didn' teach us to read an' write,
+no suh, dey sho didn'. If dey'd see us wid er book dey'd whip us. Dey
+said niggers didn' need no knowledge; dat dey mus' do what dey wuz tole
+to do. Marse Billy wuz er doctor too. He doctored de slaves when dey got
+sick, an' if dey got bad off he sen' for er sho nuff doctor an' paid de
+bills.
+
+Every Chris'mas Marse Billy give de niggers er big time. He called dem
+up to de big house an' give dem er bag of candy, niggertoes, an' sugar
+plums, den he say: 'Who wants er egg nog, boys?' All dem dat wants er
+dram hol' up dey han's.' Yo' never seed such holdin' up of han's. I
+would hol' up mine too, an' Ole Marse would look at me an say, 'Go 'way
+from hear, Sarah Anne, yo' too little to be callin' for nog.' But he
+fill up de glass jus' de same an' put in er extra spoon of sugar an'
+give it to me. Dat sho wuz good nog. 'Twuz all foamy wid whipped cream
+an' rich wid eggs. Marse Billy an' Mis' Roby served it demselves from
+dey Sunday cut glass nog bowl, an' it kept Estella an' Rosette busy
+fillin' it up. Marse Billy wuz er good man.
+
+When de war come on Marse Billy was too ole to go, but young Marse Billy
+an' Marse Gaston went. Dey wuz Ole Marse's two boys. Young Marse Billy
+Headen, Mis' Susie's husban' went too.
+
+De day Ole Marse heard dat de Yankees wuz comin' he took all de meat
+'cept two or three pieces out of de smoke house, den he got de silver
+an' things an' toted dem to de wood pile. He dug er hole an' buried dem,
+den he covered de place wid chips, but wid dat he wuzn' satisfied, so he
+made pappy bring er load of wood an' throw it on top of it, so when de
+Yankees come dey didn' fin' it.
+
+When de Yankees come up in de yard Marse Billy took Mis' Roby an' locked
+her up in dey room, den he walk 'roun' an' watched de Yankees, but dey
+toted off what dey wanted. I wuzn' skeered of de Yankees; I thought dey
+wuz pretty mens in dey blue coats an' brass buttons. I followed dem all
+'roun' beggin' for dey coat buttons. I ain't never seed nothin' as
+pretty as dem buttons. When dey lef' I followed dem way down de road
+still beggin', 'twell one of dem Yankees pull off er button an' give it
+to me. 'Hear, Nigger,' he say, 'take dis button. I's givin' it to you
+kaze yo's got blue eyes. I ain't never seed blue eyes in er black face
+befo'.' I had blue eyes like pappy an' Marse Billy, an' I kept dat
+Yankee button 'twell I wuz ma'ied, den I los' it.
+
+De wus' thing I know dat happened, in de war wuz when Mis' Roby foun' de
+Yankee sojer in de ladies back house.
+
+Down at de back of de garden behin' de row of lilac bushes wuz de two
+back houses, one for de mens an' one for de ladies. Mis' Roby went down
+to dis house one day, an' when she opened de door, dare lay er Yankee
+sojer on de floor. His head wuz tied up wid er bloody rag an' he look
+like he wuz dead.
+
+Mammy say she seed Mis' Roby when she come out. She looked skeered but
+she didn' scream nor nothin'. When she seed mammy she motioned to her.
+She tole her 'bout de Yankee. 'He's jus' er boy, Hannah,' she say, 'he
+ain't no older den Marse Gaston, an' he's hurt. We got to do somethin'
+an' we can't tell nobody.' Den she sen' mammy to de house for er pan of
+hot water, de scissors an' er ole sheet. Mis' Roby cut off de bloody ran
+an' wash dat sojer boy's head den she tied up de cut places. Den she
+went to de house an' made mammy slip him er big milk toddy. 'Bout dat
+time she seed some ho'seman comin' down de road. When dey got closer she
+seed dey wuz 'Federate sojers. Dey rode up in de yard an' Marse Billy
+went out to meet dem. Dey tole him dat dey wuz lookin' for er Yankee
+prisoner dat done got away from dey camp.
+
+After Ole Marse tole dem dat he ain't seed no Yankee sojer, dey tole him
+dat dey got to search de place kaze dat wuz orders.
+
+When Mis Roby heard dem say dat she turned an' went through de house to
+do back yard. She walk 'roun' 'mong de flowers, but all de time she
+watchin' dem 'Federates search de barns, stables, an' everywhare. But,
+when dey start to de lilac bushes, Mis' Roby lif' her head an' walk
+right down de paf to de ladies back house, an' right befo' all dem mens,
+wid dem lookin' at her, she opened de door an' walk in. She sholy did.
+
+Dat night when 'twuz dark Mis' Roby wrap' up er passel of food an' er
+bottle of brandy an' give it to dat sojer Yankee boy. She tole him dey
+wuz ho'ses in de paster an' dat de Yankee camp wuz over near Laurinburg
+or somewhare like dat.
+
+Nobody ain't seed dat boy since, but somehow dat ho'se come back an' in
+his mane wuz er piece of paper. Marse Billy foun' it an' brung it to
+Mis' Roby an' ax her what it meant.
+
+Mis' Roby took it an' 'twuz er letter dat sojer boy done wrote tellin'
+her dat he wuz safe an' thankin' her for what she done for him.
+
+Mis' Roby tole Marse Billy she couldn' help savin' dat Yankee, he too
+much of er boy.
+
+Marse Billy he look at Mis' Roby, den he say: 'Roby, honey, yo's braver
+den any sojer I ever seed.'
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320356]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          624
+Subject:            DORCAS GRIFFETH
+Person Interviewed: Dorcas Griffeth
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 26 1937"]
+
+DORCAS GRIFFETH
+602 E. South Street
+
+
+You know me every time you sees me don't you? Who tole you I wus Dorcas
+Griffith? I seed you up town de other day. Yes, yes, I is old. I is 80
+years old. I remember all about dem Yankees. The first biscuit I ever et
+dey give it to me. I wus big enough to nus de babies when de Yankees
+came through. Dey carried biscuits on dere horses, I wus jist thinkin'
+of my young missus de other day. I belonged to Doctor Clark in Chatham
+County near Pittsboro. My father wus named Billy Dismith, and my mother
+wus named Peggy Council. She belonged to the Councils. Father, belonged
+to the Dismiths and I belonged to the Clarks. Missus wus named Winnie.
+Dey had tolerable fine food for de white folks, but I did not get any of
+it. De food dey give us wus mighty nigh nuthin'. Our clothes wus bad and
+our sleepin' places wus not nuthin' at all. We had a hard time. We had a
+hard time then and we are havin' a hard time now. We have a house to
+live in now, and de chinches eat us up almos, and we have nuthin' to
+live on now, jist a little from charity. I fares mighty bad. Dey gives
+me a half peck of meal and a pound o' meat, a little oat meal, and
+canned grape juice, a half pound o' coffee and no sugar or lard and no
+flour. Dey gives us dat for a week's eatin'.
+
+De Yankees called de niggers who wus plowin' de mules when dey came
+through an' made 'em bring 'em to 'em an' dey carried de mules on wid
+em. De niggers called de Yankees Blue Jackets.
+
+I had two brothers, both older dan me. George de oldest and Jack. Let
+me see I had four sisters 1, 2, 3, 4; one wus named Annie, one named
+Rosa, Annie, and Francis and myself Dorcas. All de games I played wus de
+wurk in de field wid a hoe. Dere wus no playgrounds like we has now. No,
+no, if you got your work done you done enough. If I could see how to
+write like you I could do a lot o' work but I can't see. I kin write. I
+got a good education acording to readin', spellin, and writin'. I kin
+say de 2nd chapter of Matthey by heart, the 27 chapter of Ezelial by
+heart, or most of Ezekial by heart.
+
+I learned it since I got free. I went to school in Raleigh to de
+Washington School. Dey wouldn't let us have books when I wus a slave. I
+wus afraid ter be caught wid a book. De patterollers scared us so bad in
+slavery time and beat so many uv de slaves dat we lef' de plantation
+jus' as soon as we wus free. Dat's de reason father lef' de plantation
+so quick. I also remember de Ku Klux. I wus afraid o' dem, and I did not
+think much of 'em. I saw slaves whupped till de blood run down dere
+backs. Once dey whupped some on de plantation and den put salt on de
+places and pepper on 'em. I didn't think nuthin in de world o' slavery.
+I think de it wus wrong. I didn't think a thing o' slavery.
+
+All my people are dead, and I am unable to work. I haven't been able to
+work in six years. I thought Abraham Lincoln wus a good man. He had a
+good name.
+
+I don't know much about Mr. Roosevelt but I hopes he will help me,
+cause I need it mighty bad.
+
+
+
+
+[TR: No Header Page]
+
+SARAH GUDGER                            [320005]
+Ex-slave, 121 years
+
+
+Investigation of the almost incredible claim of Aunt Sarah Gudger,
+ex-slave living in Asheville, that she was born on Sept. 15, 1816,
+discloses some factual information corroborating her statements.
+
+Aunt Sarah's father, Smart Gudger, belonged to and took his family name
+from Joe Gudger, who lived near Oteen, about six miles east of Asheville
+in the Swannanoa valley, prior to the War Between the States. Family
+records show that Joe Gudger married a Miss McRae in 1817, and that
+while in a despondent mood he ended his own life by hanging, as vividly
+recounted by the former slave.
+
+John Hemphill, member of the family served by Aunt Sarah until
+"freedom," is recalled as being "a few y'ars younge' as me," and indeed
+his birth is recorded for 1822. Alexander Hemphill, mentioned by Aunt
+Sarah as having left to join the Confederate army when about 25 years of
+age, is authentic and his approximate age in 1861 tallies with that
+recalled by the ex-slave. When Alexander went off to the war Aunt Sarah
+was "gettin' t' be an ol' woman."
+
+Aunt Sarah lives with distant cousins in a two-story frame house,
+comfortably furnished, at 8 Dalton street in South Asheville (the Negro
+section lying north of Kenilworth). A distant male relative, 72 years of
+age, said he has known Aunt Sarah all his life and that she was an old
+woman when he was a small boy. Small in stature, about five feet tall,
+Aunt Sarah is rathered rounded in face and body. Her milk-chocolate face
+is surmounted by short, sparse hair, almost milk white. She is somewhat
+deaf but understands questions asked her, responding with animation. She
+walks with one crutch, being lame in the right leg. On events of the
+long ago her mind is quite clear. Recalling the Confederate "sojers,
+marchin', marchin'" to the drums, she beat a tempo on the floor with her
+crutch. As she described how the hands of slaves were tied before they
+were whipped for infractions she crossed her wrists.
+
+Owen Gudger, Asheville postmaster (1913-21), member of the Buncombe
+County Historical Association, now engaged in the real estate business,
+says he has been acquainted with Aunt Sarah all his life; that he has,
+on several occasions, talked to her about her age and early
+associations, and that her responses concerning members of the Gudger
+and Hemphill families coincide with known facts of the two families.
+
+Interviewed by a member of the Federal Writers' Project, Aunt Sarah
+seemed eager to talk, and needed but little prompting.
+
+
+SARAH GUDGER
+(born September 15, 1816)
+Interview with Mrs. Marjorie Jones, May 5, 1937
+
+
+I wah bo'n 'bout two mile fum Ole Fo't on de Ole Mo'ganton Road. I sho'
+has had a ha'd life. Jes wok, an' wok, an' wok. I nebbah know nothin'
+but wok. Mah boss he wah Ole Man Andy Hemphill. He had a la'ge
+plantation in de valley. Plenty ob ebbathin'. All kine ob stock: hawgs,
+cows, mules, an' hosses. When Marse Andy die I go lib wif he son,
+William Hemphill.
+
+I nebbah fo'git when Marse Andy die. He wah a good ole man, and de
+Missie she wah good, too. She usta read de Bible t' us chillun afoah she
+pass away.
+
+Mah pappy, he lib wif Joe Gudgah (Gudger). He ole an' feeble, I
+'membahs. He 'pend on mah pappy t' see aftah ebbathin' foah him. He
+allus trust mah pappy. One mo'nin' he follah pappy to de field. Pappy he
+stop hes wok and ole Marse Joe, he say: "Well, Smart (pappy, he name
+Smart), I's tard, wurried, an' trubble'. All dese yeahs I wok foah mah
+chillun. Dey nevah do de right thing. Dey wurries me, Smart. I tell yo',
+Smart, I's a good mind t' put mahself away. I's good mind t' drown
+mahself right heah. I tebble wurried, Smart."
+
+Pappy he take hole Ole Marse Joe an' lead him t' de house. "Now Marse
+Joe, I wudden talk sich talk effen I's yo'. Yo' ben good t' yo' fambly.
+Jest yo' content yo'self an' rest."
+
+But a few days aftah dat, Ole Marse Joe wah found ahangin' in de ba'n by
+de bridle. Ole Marse had put heself away.
+
+No'm, I nebbah knowed whut it wah t' rest. I jes wok all de time f'om
+mawnin' till late at night. I had t' do ebbathin' dey wah t' do on de
+outside. Wok in de field, chop wood, hoe cawn, till sometime I feels lak
+mah back sholy break. I done ebbathin' 'cept split rails. Yo' know, dey
+split rails back in dem days. Well, I nevah did split no rails.
+
+Ole Marse strop us good effen we did anythin' he didn' lak. Sometime he
+get hes dandah up an' den we dassent look roun' at him. Else he tie yo'
+hands afoah yo' body an' whup yo', jes lak yo' a mule. Lawdy, honey, I's
+tuk a thousand lashins in mah day. Sometimes mah poah ole body be soah
+foah a week.
+
+Ole Boss he send us niggahs out in any kine ob weathah, rain o' snow, it
+nebbah mattah. We had t' go t' de mountings, cut wood an' drag it down
+t' de house. Many de time we come in wif ouh cloes stuck t' ouh poah ole
+cold bodies, but 'twarn't no use t' try t' git 'em dry. Ef de Ole Boss
+o' de Ole Missie see us dey yell: "Git on out ob heah yo' black thin',
+an' git yo' wok outen de way!" An' Lawdy, honey, we knowed t' git, else
+we git de lash. Dey did'n cah how ole o' how young yo' wah, yo' nebbah
+too big t' git de lash.
+
+De rich white folks nebbah did no wok; dey had da'kies t' do it foah
+dem. In de summah we had t' wok outdoo's, in de wintah in de house. I
+had t' ceard an' spin till ten o'clock. Nebbah git much rest, had t' git
+up at foah de nex' mawnin' an' sta't agin. Didn' get much t' eat,
+nuthah, jes a lil' cawn bread an' 'lasses. Lawdy, honey, yo' caint know
+whut a time I had. All cold n' hungry. No'm, I aint tellin' no lies. It
+de gospel truf. It sho is.
+
+I 'membah well how I use t' lie 'wake till all de folks wah sleepin',
+den creep outen de do' and walk barfoot in de snow, 'bout two mile t'
+mah ole Auntie's house. I knowed when I git dar she fix hot cawn pone
+wif slice o' meat an' some milk foah me t' eat. Auntie wah good t' us
+da'kies.
+
+I nebbah sleep on a bedstead till aftah freedom, no'm till [HW:
+asterisk] aftah freedom. Jes' an ole pile o' rags in de conah. Ha'dly
+'nuf t' keep us from freezin'. Law, chile, nobuddy knows how mean
+da'kies wah treated. Wy, dey wah bettah t' de animals den t' us'ns. Mah
+fust Ole Marse wah a good ole man, but de las'n, he wah rapid--- he sho
+wah rapid. Wy, chile, times aint no mo' lak dey usta be den de day an'
+night am lak. In mah day an' time all de folks woked. Effen dey had no
+niggahs dey woked demselves. Effen de chillun wah too small tuh hoe, dey
+pull weeds. Now de big bottom ob de Swannano (Swannanoa) dat usta grow
+hunners bushels ob grain am jest a playgroun'. I lak t' see de chillun
+in de field. Wy, now dey fight yo' lak wilecat effen it ebben talked
+'bout. Dat's de reason times so ha'd. No fahmin'. Wy, I c'n 'membah Ole
+Missie she say: "Dis gene'ation'll pass away an' a new gene'ation'll cum
+'long." Dat's jes' it--ebbah gene'ation gits weakah an' weakah. Den dey
+talk 'bout goin' back t' ole times. Dat time done gone, dey nebbah meet
+dat time agin.
+
+Wahn't none o' de slaves offen ouh plantation ebbah sold, but de ones on
+de othah plantation ob Marse William wah. Oh, dat wah a tebble time! All
+de slaves be in de field, plowin', hoein', singin' in de boilin' sun.
+Ole Marse he cum t'ru de field wif a man call de specalater. Day walk
+round jes' lookin', jes'lookin', All de da'kies know whut dis mean. Dey
+didn' dare look up, jes' wok right on. Den de specalater he see who he
+want. He talk to Ole Marse, den dey slaps de han'cuffs on him an' tak
+him away to de cotton country. Oh, dem wah awful times! When de
+specalater wah ready to go wif de slaves, effen dey wha enny whu didn'
+wanta go, he thrash em, den tie em 'hind de waggin an' mek em run till
+dey fall on de groun', den he thrash em till dey say dey go 'thout no
+trubble. Sometime some of dem run 'way an cum back t' de plantation, den
+it wah hardah on dem den befoah. When de da'kies wen' t' dinnah de ole
+niggah mammy she say whar am sich an' sich. None ob de othahs wanna tell
+huh. But when she see dem look down to de groun' she jes' say: "De
+specalater, de specalater." Den de teahs roll down huh cheeks, cause
+mebbe it huh son o' husban' an' she know she nebbah see 'em agin. Mebbe
+dey leaves babies t' home, mebbe jes' pappy an' mammy. Oh, mah Lawdy,
+mah ole Boss wah mean, but he nebbah sen' us to de cotton country.
+
+Dey wah ve'y few skules back in day day an time, ve'y few. We da'kies
+didn' dah look at no book, not ebben t' pick it up. Ole Missie, dat is,
+mah firs' Ole Missie, she wah a good ole woman. She read to de niggahs
+and t' de white chillun. She cum fum cross de watah. She wahn't lak de
+sma't white folks livin' heah now. When she come ovah heah she brung
+darky boy wif huh. He wah huh pussonal su'vant. Co'se, dey got diffent
+names foah dem now, but in dat day dey calls 'em ginney niggahs. She wah
+good ole woman, not lak othah white folks. Niggahs lak Ole Missie.
+
+When de da'kies git sick, dey wah put in a lil' ole house close t' de
+big house, an' one of the othah da'kies waited on 'em. Dey wah ve'y few
+doctahs den. Ony three in de whole section. When dey wanted med'cine dey
+went t' de woods an' gathahed hoahhound, slipperelm foah poltices an'
+all kinds ba'k foah teas. All dis yarbs bring yo' round. Dey wah ve'y
+few lawyers den too, but lawsy me, yo' cain't turn round fer dem now.
+
+I 'membahs when mah ole mammy die. She live on Rims (Reems) Crick with
+othah Hemphills. She sick long time. One day white man cum t' see me. He
+say: "Sarah, did yo' know yo' manmy wah daid?" "No," I say, "but I wants
+t' see mah mothah afoah dey puts huh away."
+
+I went t' de house and say t' Ole Missie: "Mah mothah she die tofay. I
+wants t' see mah mothah afoah dey puts huh away," but she look at me
+mean an' say: "Git on outen heah, an' git back to yo' wok afoah I wallup
+yo' good." So I went back t' mah wok, with the tears streamin' down mah
+face, jest awringin' mah hands, I wanted t' see mah manmy so. 'Bout two
+weeks latah, Ole Missie she git tebble sick, she jes' lingah 'long foah
+long time, but she nebbah gits up no mo'. Wa'nt long afoah dey puts huh
+away too, jes' lak mah mammy.
+
+I 'membahs de time when mah mammy wah alive, I wah a small chile, afoah
+dey tuk huh t' Rims Crick. All us chilluns wah playin' in de ya'd one
+night. Jes' arunnin' an' aplayin' lak chillun will. All a sudden mammy
+cum to de do' all a'sited. "Cum in heah dis minnit," she say. "Jes look
+up at what is ahappenin'", and bless yo' life, honey, de sta's wah
+fallin' jes' lak rain.[7] Mammy wah tebble skeered, but we chillun
+wa'nt afeard, no, we wa'nt afeard. But mammy she say evah time a sta'
+fall, somebuddy gonna die. Look lak lotta folks gonna die f'om de looks
+ob dem sta's. Ebbathin' wah jes' as bright as day. Yo' cudda pick a pin
+up. Yo' know de sta's don' shine as bright as dey did back den. I wondah
+wy dey don'. Dey jes' don' shine as bright. Wa'nt long afoah dey took
+mah mammy away, and I wah lef' alone.
+
+On de plantation wah an ole woman whut de boss bought f'om a drovah up
+in Virginny. De boss he bought huh f'om one ob de specalaters. She laff
+an' tell us: "Some ob dese days yo'all gwine be free, jes' lak de white
+folks," but we all laff at huh. No, we jes' slaves, we allus hafta wok
+and nevah be free. Den when freedom cum, she say: "I tole yo'all, now
+yo' got no larnin', yo' got no nothin', got no home; whut yo' gwine do?
+Didn' I tell yo'?"
+
+I wah gittin along smartly in yeahs when de wah cum. Ah 'membah jes' lak
+yestiddy jes' afoah de wah. Marse William wah atalkin' t' hes brothah. I
+wah standin' off a piece. Marse's brothah, he say: "William, how ole
+Aunt Sarah now?" Marse William look at me an' he say: "She gittin' nigh
+onta fifty." Dat wah jes' a lil while afoah de wah.
+
+Dat wah awful time. Us da'kies didn' know whut it wah all bout. Ony one
+of de boys f'om de plantation go. He Alexander, he 'bout twenty-five
+den. Many de time we git word de Yankees comin'. We take ouh food an'
+stock an' hide it till we sho' dey's gone. We wan't bothahed much. One
+day, I nebbah fo'git, we look out an' see sojers ma'chin'; look lak de
+whole valley full ob dem. I thought: "Poah helpless crittahs, jes' goin'
+away t' git kilt." De drums wah beatin' an' de fifes aplayin'. Dey wah
+de foot comp'ny. Oh, glory, it wah a sight. Sometime dey cum home on
+furlough. Sometime dey git kilt afoah dey gits th'ough. Alexander, he
+cum home a few time afoah freedom.
+
+When de wah was ovah, Marse William he say: "Did yo'all know yo'all's
+free, Yo' free now." I chuckle, 'membahin' whut ole woman tell us 'bout
+freedom, an' no larnin. Lotta men want me t' go t' foreign land, but I
+tell 'em I go live wif mah pappy, long as he live. I stay wif de white
+folks 'bout twelve months, den I stay wif mah pappy, long as he live.
+
+I had two brothahs, dey went t' Califonny, nebbah seed 'em no mo', no'
+mah sistah, nuther. I cain't 'membah sech a lot 'bout it all. I jes'
+knows I'se bo'n and bred heah [HW correction: here] in dese pa'ts,
+nebbah been outten it. I'se well; nebbah take no doctah med'cine. Jes'
+ben sick once; dat aftah freedom.
+
+[Footnote 7: (One of the most spectacular meteoric showers on record,
+visible all over North America, occurred in 1833.)]
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320007]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          734
+Subject:            THOMAS HALL
+Person Interviewed: Thomas Hall
+Editor:             G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "SEP 10 1937"]
+
+THOMAS HALL
+Age 81 years
+316 Tarboro Road, Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+My name is Thomas Hall and I was born in Orange County, N. C. on a
+plantation belonging to Jim Woods whose wife, our missus, was named
+Polly. I am eighty one years of age as I was born Feb. 14, 1856. My
+father Daniel Hall and my mother Becke Hall and me all belonged to the
+same man but it was often the case that this wus not true as one man,
+perhaps a Johnson, would own a husband and a Smith own the wife, each
+slave goin' by the name of the slave owners, family. In such cases the
+children went by the name of the family to which the mother belonged.
+
+Gettin married an' having a family was a joke in the days of slavery,
+as the main thing in allowing any form of matrimony among the slaves was
+to raise more slaves in the same sense and for the same purpose as stock
+raisers raise horses and mules, that is for work. A woman who could
+produce fast was in great demand and brought a good price on the auction
+block in Richmond, Va., Charleston, S. C., and other places.
+
+The food in many cases that was given the slaves was not given them for
+their pleasure or by a cheerful giver, but for the simple and practical
+reason that children would not grow into a large healthy slave unless
+they were well fed and clothed; and given good warm places in which to
+live.
+
+Conditions and rules were bad and the punishments were severe and
+barbarous. Some marsters acted like savages. In some instances slaves
+were burned at the stake. Families were torn apart by selling. Mothers
+were sold from their children. Children were sold from their mothers,
+and the father was not considered in anyway as a family part. These
+conditions were here before the Civil War and the conditions in a
+changed sense have been here ever since. The whites have always held the
+slaves in part slavery and are still practicing the same things on them
+in a different manner. Whites lynch, burn, and persecute the Negro race
+in America yet; and there is little they are doing to help them in
+anyway.
+
+Lincoln got the praise for freeing us, but did he do it? He give us
+freedom without giving us any chance to live to ourselves and we still
+had to depend on the southern white man for work, food and clothing, and
+he held us through our necessity and want in a state of servitude but
+little better than slavery. Lincoln done but little for the Negro race
+and from living standpoint nothing. White folks are not going to do
+nothing for Negroes except keep them down.
+
+Harriet Beecher Stowe, the writer of Uncle Tom's Cabin, did that for
+her own good. She had her own interests at heart and I don't like her,
+Lincoln, or none of the crowd. The Yankees helped free us, so they say,
+but they let us be put back in slavery again.
+
+When I think of slavery it makes me mad. I do not believe in giving you
+my story 'cause with all the promises that have been made the Negro is
+still in a bad way in the United States, no matter in what part he
+lives it's all the same. Now you may be all right; there are a few white
+men who are but the pressure is such from your white friends that you
+will be compelled to talk against us and give us the cold shoulder when
+you are around them, even if your heart is right towards us.
+
+You are going around to get a story of slavery conditions and the
+persecusions of Negroes before the civil war and the economic conditions
+concerning them since that war. You should have known before this late
+day all about that. Are you going to help us? No! you are only helping
+yourself. You say that my story may be put into a book, that you are
+from the Federal Writer's Project. Well, the Negro will not get anything
+out of it, no matter where you are from. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote
+Uncle Tom's Cabin. I didn't like her book and I hate her. No matter
+where you are from I don't want you to write my story cause the white
+folks have been and are now and always will be against the negro.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 3                    [320016]
+Worker:         Travis Jordan
+Subject:        Hecter Hamilton
+                Ex-slave 90 Years.
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 30 1937"]
+
+HECTER HAMILTON
+EX-SLAVE 90 YEARS
+
+
+Dey wuz two General Lee's, in de 'Federate War. One los' his fight, but
+de other won his.
+
+One of dese Generals wuz a white man dat rode a white hoss, an' de other
+wuz a mean fightin' gander dat I named General Lee, though I didn' know
+den dat he wuz goin' to live up to his name. But when de time come dat
+long neck gander out fit de whole 'Federate army.
+
+My white fo'ks lived in Virginia. Dey wuz Marse Peter an' Mis' Laura
+Hamilton. Dey lived on de big Hamilton plantation dat wuz so big dat wid
+all de niggers dey had dey couldn' 'ten' half of it. Dis lan' done been
+handed down to Marse Peter from more den six gran'pappys. Dey wuz cotton
+an' 'bacca fields a mile wide; de wheat fields as far as yo' could see
+wuz like a big sheet of green water, an' it took half hour to plow one
+row of cawn, but dey wuz plenty of slaves to do de work. Mistah Sidney
+Effort, Marse Peter's overseer, rode all over de fields every day,
+cussin' an' crackin' his long blacksnake whip. He drove dem niggers like
+dey wuz cattle, but Marse Peter wouldn' 'low no beatin' of his niggers.
+
+Marse Peter had acres an' acres of woods dat wuz his huntin' 'zerve. Dey
+wuz every kind of bird an' animal in dem woods in shootin' season. Dey
+wuz snipes, pheasants, patridges, squirrels, rabbits, deers, an' foxes;
+dey wuz even bears, an' dey wuz wolfs too dat would come an' catch de
+sheeps at night.
+
+Dey wuz always a crowd at Easy Acres huntin' ridin' dancin' an' havin' a
+good time. Marse Peter's stables wuz full of hunters an' saddlers for
+mens an' ladies. De ladies in dem days rode side saddles. Mis' Laura's
+saddle wuz all studded wid sho nuff gol' tacks. De fringe wuz tipped wid
+gol', an' de buckles on de bridle wuz solid gol'. When de ladies went to
+ride dey wore long skirts of red, blue, an' green velvet, an' dey had
+plumes on dey hats dat blew in de win'. Dey wouldn' be caught wearin'
+britches an' ridin' straddle like de womens do dese days. In dem times
+de women wuz ladies.
+
+Marse Peter kept de bes' sideboa'd in Princess Anne County. His cut
+glass decanters cos' near 'bout as much as Mis' Laura's diamon' ear
+rings I's goin' tell yo' 'bout. De decanters wuz all set out on de
+sideboard wid de glasses, an' de wine an' brandy wuz so ole dat one good
+size dram would make yo' willin' to go to de jail house for sixty days.
+Some of dat wine an' likker done been in dat cellar ever since Ole Marse
+Caleb Hamilton's time, an' de done built Easy Acres befo' Mistah George
+Washington done cut down his pappy's cherry tree. Dat likker done been
+down in dat cellar so long dat yo' had to scrape de dus' off wid a
+knife.
+
+I wuz Marse Peter's main sideboa'd man. When he had shootin' company I
+didn' do nothin' but shake drams. De mens would come in from de huntin'
+field col' an' tired, an' Marse Peter would say: 'Hustle up, Hecter, fix
+us a dram of so an' so.' Dat mean dat I wuz to mix de special dram dat
+I done learned from my gran'pappy. So, I pours in a little of dis an' a
+little of dat, den I shakes it 'twell it foams, den I fills de glasses
+an' draps in de ice an' de mint. Time de mens drink dat so an' so dey
+done forgot dey's tired; dey 'lax, an' when de ladies come down de
+stairs all dredd up, dey thinks dey's angels walkin' in gol' shoes. Dem
+wuz good times befo' de war an' befo' Marse Peter got shot. From de day
+Marse Peter rode his big grey hoss off to fight, we never seed him no
+more. Mis' Laura never even know if dey buried him or not.
+
+After de mens all went to de war dey won't no use for no more drams, so
+Mis' Laura took me away from de sideboa'd an' made me a watchman. Dat
+is, I wuz set to watch de commissary to see dat de niggers wuzn' give no
+more den dey share of eats, den I looked after de chickens an' things,
+kaze de patter-rollers wuz all 'roun' de country an' dey'd steal
+everythin' from chickens to sweet taters an cawn, den dey'd sell it to
+de Yankees. Dat's when I named dat ole mean fightin' gander General Lee.
+
+Everywhare I went 'roun' de place dat gander wuz right at my heels. He
+wuz de bigges' gander I ever seed. He weighed near 'bout forty pounds,
+an' his wings from tip to tip wuz 'bout two yards. He wuz smart too. I
+teached him to drive de cows an' sheeps, an' I sic'd him on de dogs when
+dey got 'streperous. I'd say, Sic him, General Lee, an' dat gander would
+cha'ge. He wuz a better fighter den de dogs kaze he fit wid his wings,
+his bill, an wid his feets. I seed him skeer a bull near 'bout to death
+one day. Dat bull got mad an' jump de fence an' run all de niggers in
+de cabins, so I called General Lee an' sic'd him on dat bull. Dat bird
+give one squawk an' lit on dat bull's back, an' yo' never seed such
+carryin's on. De bull reared an' snorted an' kicked, but dat gander held
+on. He whipped dat bull wid his wings 'twell he wuz glad to go back in
+de lot an' 'have hese'f. After dat all I had to do to dat bull wuz show
+him General Lee an' he'd quiet down.
+
+Now I's goin' to tell yo' 'bout Mis' Laura's diamon' ear rings.
+
+De fus' Yankees dat come to de house wuz gentlemens, 'cept dey made us
+niggers cook dey supper an' shine dey muddy boots, den dey stole
+everythin' dey foun' to tote away, but de nex ones dat come wuz mean.
+Dey got made kaze de fus' Yankees done got de pickin's of what Mis'
+Laura hadn' hid. Dey cut open de feather beds lookin' for silver; dey
+ripped open de chair cushings lookin' for money, dey even tore up de
+carpets, but dey didn' fin' nothin' kaze all de valuables done been
+buried. Even mos' of de wine done been hid, 'twuz' all buried in de ole
+graves down in de family grave yard wid de tombstones at de head an'
+foots. No Yankee ain't goin' be diggin' in no grave for nothin'.
+
+Dey wuz one Yankee in dis las' bunch dat wuz big an' bustin'. He strut
+bigoty wid his chist stuck out. He walk 'roun' stickin' his sword in de
+chair cushions, de pictures on de walls an' things like dat. He got
+powerful mad kaze he couldn' fin' nothin', den he look out de window an'
+seed Mis' Laura. She wuz standin' on de po'ch an' de sun wuz shinin' on
+de diamon' ear rings in her ears. Dey wuz de ear rings dat belonged to
+Marse Peter's great-great-gran'mammy. When de sojer seed dem diamon's
+his eyes 'gun to shine. He went out on de po'ch an' went up to Mis'
+Laura. 'Gim me dem ear rings,' he say jus' like dat.
+
+Mis' Laura flung her han's up to her ears an' run out in de yard. De
+sojer followed her, an' all de other sojers come too. Dat big Yankee
+tole Mis' Laura again to give him de ear rings, but she shook her head.
+I wuz standin' 'side de house near 'bout bustin' wid madness when dat
+Yankee reach up an' snatch Mis' Laura's hands down an' hold dem in his,
+den he laugh, an' all de other sojers 'gun to laugh too jus' like dey
+thought 'twuz funny. 'Bout dat time Ole General Lee done smell a fight.
+He come waddlin' 'roun' de house, his tail feathers bristled out an'
+tawkin' to he'sef. I point to dem sojers an say, "Sic him, General Lee,
+sic him."
+
+Dat gander ain't waste no time. He let out his wings an' cha'ged dem
+Yankees an' dey scatter like flies. Den he lit on dat big sojer's back
+an' 'gun to beat him wid his wings. Dat man let out a yell an' drap Mis'
+Laura's hands; he try to shake dat goose, but General bit into his neck
+an' held on like a leech. When de other sojers come up an' try to pull
+him off, dat gander let out a wing an' near about slap dem down. I ain't
+never seed such fightin! Every time I holler, Sic him, General Lee start
+'nother 'tack.
+
+'Bout dat time dem Yankees took a runnin' nothin. Dey forgot de ear
+rings an' lit out down de road, but dat gander beat dat bigoty yellin'
+sojer clear down to de branch befo' he turned him loose, den he jump in
+de water an' wash hese'f off. Yes, suh, dat wuz sho some fightin' goose;
+he near 'bout out fit de sho nuff Marse General Lee.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320230]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      942
+Subject:        GEORGE W. HARRIS
+Story Teller:   George W. Harris
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+GEORGE W. HARRIS
+
+604 E. Cabarrus Street, Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+Hey, don't go 'roun' dat post gitting it 'tween you and me, it's bad
+luck. Don't you know it's bad luck? Don't want no more bad luck den what
+I'se already got. My name is George Harris. I wuz born November 25, 82
+years ago. I have been living in the City of Raleigh onto 52 years. I
+belonged to John Andrews. He died about de time I wuz born. His wife
+Betsy wuz my missus and his son John wuz my marster.
+
+Deir plantation wuz in Jones County. Dere were about er dozen slaves on
+de plantation. We had plenty o' food in slavery days during my boyhood
+days, plenty of good sound food. We didn't have 'xactly plenty o'
+clothes, and our places ter sleep needed things, we were in need often
+in these things. We were treated kindly, and no one abused us. We had as
+good owners as there were in Jones County; they looked out for us. They
+let us have patches to tend and gave us what we made. We did not have
+much money. We had no church on the plantation, but there wuz one on
+Marster's brother's plantation next ter his plantation.
+
+We had suppers an' socials, generally gatherings for eatin', socials
+jist to git together an' eat. We had a lot o' game ter eat, such as
+possums, coons, rabbits and birds.
+
+De plantation wuz fenced in wid rails about 10 ft. in length split from
+pine trees. De cattle, hogs an' hosses run out on de free range. The
+hosses ran on free range when de crap wuz laid by. There wuz an ole mare
+dat led de hosses. She led 'em an' when she come home at night dey
+followed her.
+
+De first work I done wuz drappin' tater sprouts, drappin' corn, thinnin'
+out corn and roundin' up corn an' mindin' the crows out of de field. Dey
+did not teach us to read an' write, but my father could read, and he
+read de hymn book and Testament to us sometimes. I do not remember ever
+goin' to church durin' slavery days.
+
+I have never seen a slave whipped and none ever ran away to the North
+from our plantation.
+
+When I wuz a boy we chillun played marbles, prison base, blind fold and
+tag, hide an' seek. Dey gave us Christmas holidays, an' 4th of July, an'
+lay-by time. Dey also called dis time "crap hillin' time." Most o' de
+time when we got sick our mother doctored us with herbs which she had in
+de garden. When we had side plurisy, what dey calls pneumonia now, dey
+sent fer a doctor. Doctor Hines treated us.
+
+We lived near Trenton. When de Yankees took New Bern, our marster had us
+out in de woods in Jones County mindin' hosses an' takin' care o' things
+he had hid there. We got afraid and ran away to New Bern in Craven
+County. We all went in a gang and walked. De Yankees took us at Deep
+Gully ten miles dis side o' New Bern an' carried us inside de lines. Dey
+asked us questions and put us all in jail. Dey put my father ter cookin'
+at de jail and give us boys work 'roun' de yard. Dey put de others at
+work at de horse stables and houses.
+
+De smallpox and yaller fever caught us dere and killed us by de
+hundreds. Thirteen doctors died dere in one day. Jist 'fore Gen. Lee
+surrendered dey carried us to Petersburg, Va., and I waited on Major
+Emory and de others worked fer de Yankees. When de surrender came we
+went back home to Craven County, next to Jones County, and went to
+farmin'. Sumpin' to eat could not hardly be found. De second year atter
+de war we went back to old marster's plantation. He wuz glad ter see us,
+we all et dinner wid him. We looked over de place. I looked over de
+little log cabin where I wuz born. Some of de boys who had been slaves,
+farmed wid old marster, but I worked at my trade. I wuz a brick moulder.
+Yes, a brick maker.
+
+My mother was named Jennie Andrews and my father was Quash Harris. My
+father belonged to de Harris family on de nex' plantation in Jones
+County. Atter de surrender we all went in his name. We changed from
+Andrews to Harris. I do not recollect my grandmother and grandfather. I
+can't recollect them.
+
+Marster told us directly after dey declared war dat he expected we would
+all soon be free. De majority of de slaves did not want to be free. Dey
+were stirred up. Dey didn't want it to be. Dey didn't want no fightin'.
+Dey didn't know.
+
+I married Mary Boylan first, of Johnston County, at Wilsons Mills, Jan.
+4, 1878. Here is de family record. Ole marster made me copies after de
+war, and I copied dis. 'George Harris was married the year 1878, January
+the 4th. George Harris was born the year 1855 November the 25th.'
+
+I had five brothers, but they are all dead, fur as I know: John Nathan,
+Louis, David, Jefferson, Donald and my name George. My sisters, Mary
+Ann, Sara, Lucy, Penny, Emaline, Lizzie, Nancy, Leah and one I can't
+remember. Dats all.
+
+I thought Abraham Lincoln wuz a great man. I remember him well. I think
+he done de best he knowed how to settle de country. Mr. Roosevelt is a
+smart man. He is doing de best he can. I think he is goin' to help de
+country.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320183]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      660
+Subject:        AN EX-SLAVE STORY
+Story Teller:   Sarah Harris
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[HW: Good points]
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 11 1937"]
+
+SARAH HARRIS
+
+Interviewed May 19, 1937.
+
+
+Sarah Harris is my name. I wuz borned April 1861, on the plantation of
+Master John William Walton. My father wuz name Frank Walton and my
+mother wuz name Flora Walton. My brothers wuz name Lang and Johnny. My
+sisters: Hannah, Mary, Ellen, Violet and Annie. My grandmother wuz name
+Ellen Walton. She wuz 104 years old when she died. My mother wuz 103
+years old when she died; she has been dead 3 years. She died in October,
+3 years this pas' October.
+
+I 'member seeing the Yankees. I wuz not afraid of 'em, I thought dey
+were the prettiest blue mens I had ever seed. I can see how de chickens
+and guineas flew and run from 'em. De Yankees killed 'em and give part
+of 'em to the colored folks. Most of de white folks had run off and hid.
+
+I can't read and write. I nebber had no chance.
+
+De Yankees had their camps along the Fayetteville road.
+
+Dey called us Dinah, Sam, and other names.
+
+Dey later had de place dey call de bureau. When we left de white folks
+we had nothing to eat. De niggers wait there at de bureau and they give
+'em hard tack, white potatoes, and saltpeter meat. Our white folks give
+us good things to eat, and I cried every day at 12 o'clock to go home.
+Yes, I wanted to go back to my white folks; they were good to us. I
+would say, 'papa le's go home, I want to go home. I don't like this
+sumptin' to eat.' He would say, 'Don't cry, honey, le's stay here, dey
+will sen' you to school.'
+
+We had nothing to eat 'cept what de Yankees give us. But Mr. Bill
+Crawford give my father and mother work. Yes, he wuz a Southern man, one
+o' our white folks. Daddy wuz his butcher. My mother wuz his cook. We
+were turned out when dey freed us with no homes and nuthin'. Master said
+he wuz sorry he didn't give us niggers part of his lan'.
+
+While I wuz big enough to work I worked for Porter Steadman. I got 25
+cent a week and board. We had a good home then. I just shouted when I
+got dat 25 cent, and I just run. I couldn't run fas' anuff to git to my
+mother to give dat money to her. My father died, and my mother bought a
+home. She got her first money to buy de home by working for de man who
+give her work after de surrender. The first money she saved to put on de
+home wuz a dime. Some weeks she only saved 5 cents. Lan' sold fur $10 a
+acre den.
+
+Just after de war de white and colored children played together. Dey had
+a tent in our neighborhood. I wuz de cook for de white chilluns parties.
+We played together fer a long time after de war.
+
+I married Silas Cooper of Norfolk Va. He worked in the Navy yard. I wuz
+married in Raleigh. I had a church wedding.
+
+I think Abraham Lincoln wuz a great man. He would cure or kill. But I
+like my ole master. The Lord put it into Abraham Lincoln to do as he
+done. The Lord knowed he would be killed.
+
+I think slavery wuz wrong. I have a horror of being a slave. You see all
+dis lan' aroun' here. It belongs to colored folks. Dey were cut off wid
+nothin', but dey is strugglin' an' dey are comin' on fast. De Bible say
+dat de bottom rail will be on top, and it is comin' to pass. Sometime de
+colored race will git up. De Bible say so.
+
+I think Mr. Roosevelt is one of the greatest mans in de world. He wants
+to help everybody.
+
+I doan think much of Mr. Jeff Davis. Dey used to sing songs uv hanging
+him to a apple tree. Dey say he libed a long time atter de war dressed
+like a 'oman, he wuz so skeered.
+
+TPM:EH
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 3                    [320122]
+Worker:         Daisy Whaley
+Subject:        Cy Hart
+                Ex-slave, 78 years.
+                Durham, N. C.
+
+[HW: 48]
+
+[TR: Date Stamp: "AUG 6 1937"]
+
+CY HART, 78 Yrs.
+Ex-Slave.
+
+
+Ephram Hart was my pappy and my mammy's name was Nellie. He belonged to
+Marse Ephram Hart. One day Marse Hart took some of his niggers to de
+slave market an' my pappy was took along too. When he was put on de
+block an' sold Marse Paul Cameron bought him. Den Marse Hart felt so
+sorry to think he done let my pappy be sold dat he tried to buy him back
+from Marse Paul, an' offered him more den Marse Paul paid for him. But
+Marse Paul said, "No, Suh. I done bought him an' I want det nigger
+myself an' I am goin' take him home wid me to Snow Hill farm."
+
+Pappy married my mammy an' raised a family on Marse Paul's plantation.
+We had to be eight years ole before we 'gun to work. I tended de
+chickens an' turkeys an' sech. I helped tend de other stock too as I
+growed older, an' do anythin' else dat I was tole to do. When I got
+bigger I helped den wid de thrashin' de wheat an' I helped dem push de
+straw to de stack.
+
+We had what wuz den called a 'groun' hog. It wuz a cylinder shaped
+contraption. We put de wheat straw an all in it an' knock de grain loose
+from de straw. Den we took de pitchforks an' tossed de straw up an'
+about, an' dat let de wheat go to de bottom on a big cloth. Den we fan
+de wheat, to get de dust an' dirt out, an' we had big curtains hung
+'roun' de cloth whar de wheat lay, so de wheat wouldn' get all
+scattered, on de groun'. Dis wheat was sacked an' when wanted 'twus took
+to de mill an' groun' into flour. De flour wuz made into white bread an'
+de corn wuz groun' into meal an' grits.
+
+When de war started der wuz some bad times. One day some of Wheeler's
+men come an' dey tried to take what dey wanted, but Marge Paul had de
+silver money another things hid. Dey wanted us niggers to tell dem whar
+everythin' wuz, but we said we didn' know nuthin'. Marse Paul wuz hid
+in de woods wid de horses an' some of de other stock.
+
+Den Wheeler's men saw de Yankees comin' an' dey run away. De Yankees
+chased dem to de bridge an' dey done some fightin' an' one or two of
+Wheeler's men wuz killed an' de rest got away.
+
+Den de captain of de Yankees come to Mammy's cabin an' axed her whar de
+meat house an' flour an' sech at. She tole him dat Pappy had de keys to
+go an' ax him. "Ax him nothin'", de captain said. He called some of his
+mens an' dey broke down de door to de meat house. Den dey trowed out
+plenty of dose hams an' dey tole Mammy to cook dem somethin' to eat and
+plenty of it. Mammy fried plenty of dat ham an' made lots of bread an'
+fixed dem coffee. How dey did eat! Dey wuz jus' as nice as dey could be
+to Mammy an' when dey wuz through, dey tole Mammy dat she could have de
+rest, an' de captain gave her some money an' he tole her dat she wuz
+free, dat we didn' belong to Marse Paul no longer. Dey didn' do any harm
+to de place. Dey wuz jus' looking for somethin' to eat. Den dey left.
+
+We didn' leave Marse Paul but stayed on an' lived wid him for many
+years. I lived wid Marse Paul 'til he died an' he done selected eight of
+us niggers to tote his coffin to de chapel, an' de buryin' groun'. He
+said, "I want dese niggers to carry my body to de chapel an' de grave
+when I die." We did. It wuz a lood [HW correction: load] I would have
+been glad had der been two or four more to help tote Marse Paul for he
+sho wuz heavy. After everythin' wuz ready we lifted him up an' toted him
+to de chapel an' we sat down on de floor, on each side of de coffin,
+while de preacher preached de funeral sermon. We didn' make any fuss
+while sittin' dere on de floor, but we sho wuz full of grief to see our
+dear ole Marse Paul lying dere dead.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320130]
+Worker:             Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:          381
+Subject:            THE BLACKSMITH
+Person Interviewed: Alonzo Haywood
+Editor:             G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG--1937"]
+
+THE BLACKSMITH
+
+An interview with Alonzo Haywood, 67 years old of 1217 Oberlin Road.
+
+
+On East Cabarrus Street is a blacksmith shop which is a survival of
+horse and buggy days, and the smiling blacksmith, a Negro, although he
+has hazel eyes, recounts the story of his father's life and his own.
+
+My father was Willis Haywood and in slavery days he belonged to Mr.
+William R. Pool. Mr. Pool liked father because he was quick and obedient
+so he determined to give him a trade.
+
+Wilson Morgan run the blacksmith shop at Falls of Neuse and it was him
+that taught my father the trade at Mr. Pool's insistence.
+
+While father, a young blade, worked and lived at Falls of Neuse, he fell
+in love with my mother, Mirana Denson, who lived in Raleigh. He come to
+see her ever' chance he got and then they were married.
+
+When the Yankees were crossing the Neuse Bridge at the falls, near the
+old paper mill, the bridge broke in. They were carrying the heavy
+artillery over and a great many men followed, in fact the line extended
+to Raleigh, because when the bridge fell word passed by word of mouth
+from man to man back to Raleigh.
+
+Father said that the Yankees stopped in the shop to make some hoss
+shoes and nails and that the Yankees could do it faster than anybody he
+ever saw.
+
+Father told me a story once 'bout de devil traveling and he got sore
+feet and was awful lame but he went in a blacksmith shop and the
+blacksmith shoed him.
+
+The devil traveled longer and the shoes hurt his feet and made him lamer
+than ever so he went back and asked the blacksmith to take off de shoes.
+
+The blacksmith took them off under the condition that wherever the devil
+saw a horse shoe over a door he would not enter. That's the reason that
+people hang up horseshoes over their door.
+
+Mother died near twenty years ago and father died four years later. He
+had not cared to live since mother left him.
+
+I've heard some of the young people laugh about slave love, but they
+should envy the love which kept mother and father so close together in
+life and even held them in death.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320127]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      547
+Subject:        AUNT BARBARA'S LOVE STORY
+Story Teller:   Barbara Haywood
+Editor:         Geo. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 4 1937"]
+
+AUNT BARBARA'S LOVE STORY
+
+An interview with Barbara Haywood, 85 years old. Address
+1111 Mark Street, Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+Anything dat I tells you will near 'bout all be 'bout Frank Haywood, my
+husban'.
+
+I wus borned on de John Walton place seben miles southeast of Raleigh.
+My father, Handy Sturdivant, belonged to somebody in Johnston County but
+mother an' her chilluns 'longed ter Marse John Walton.
+
+Marse John had a corn shuckin' onct an' at dat corn shuckin' I fust saw
+Frank. I wus a little girl, cryin' an' bawlin' an' Frank, who wus a big
+boy said dat he neber wanted ter spank a youngin' so bad, an' I ain't
+liked him no better dan he did me.
+
+He 'longed ter Mr. Yarborough, what runned de hotel in Raleigh, but he
+wus boun' out ter anybody what'ud hire him, an' I doan know whar he got
+his name.
+
+I seed Frank a few times at de Holland's Methodist Church whar we went
+ter church wid our white folks.
+
+You axes iffen our white folks wus good ter us, an' I sez ter yo' dat
+none of de white folks wus good ter none of de niggers. We done our
+weavin' at night an' we wurked hard. We had enough ter eat but we was
+whupped some.
+
+Jest 'fore de war wus ober we wus sent ter Mr. William Turner's place
+down clost ter Smithfield an' dats whar we wus when de Yankees come.
+
+One day I wus settin' on de porch restin' atter my days wurk wus done
+when I sees de hoss-lot full of men an' I sez ter Marse William, who am
+talkin' ter a soldier named Cole, 'De lot am full of men.'
+
+Marse Cole looks up an' he 'lows, 'Hits dem damned Yankees,' an' wid dat
+he buckles on his sword an' he ain't been seen since.
+
+De Yankees takes all de meat outen de smokehouse an' goes 'roun' ter de
+slave cabins an' takes de meat what de white folkses has put dar. Dat
+wus de fust hams dat has eber been in de nigger house. Anyhow de Yankees
+takes all de hams, but dey gibes us de shoulders.
+
+Atter de war we moved ter Raleigh, on Davie Street an' I went ter school
+a little at Saint Paul's. Frank wus wurkin' at de City Market on
+Fayetteville Street an' I'd go seberal blocks out of my way mornin' an'
+night on my way ter school ter look at him. You see I has been in love
+with him fer a long time den.
+
+Atter awhile Frank becomes a butcher an' he am makin' pretty good. I is
+thirteen so he comes ter see me an' fer a year we cou'ts. We wus settin'
+in de kitchen at de house on Davie Street when he axes me ter have him
+an' I has him.
+
+I knows dat he tol' me dat he warn't worthy but dat he loved me an' dat
+he'd do anything he could ter please me, an' dat he'd always be good ter
+me.
+
+When I wus fourteen I got married an' when I wus fifteen my oldes'
+daughter, Eleanor, wus borned. I had three atter her, an' Frank wus
+proud of dem as could be. We wus happy. We libed together fifty-four
+years an' we wus always happy, havin' a mighty little bit of argument. I
+hopes young lady, dat you'll be as lucky as I wus wid Frank.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320210]
+Worker:         Mrs. Edith S. Hibbs
+No. Words:      550
+Subject:        Story of Isabell Henderson, Negro
+Interviewed:    Isabell Henderson
+                1121 Rankin St., Wilmington, N. C.
+Edited:         Mrs. W. N. Harriss
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+STORY OF ISABELL HENDERSON, NEGRO
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+1121 Rankin St.,
+Wilmington, N. C.
+
+
+I'll be 84 years old come August 9. My gran'-daughter can tell you what
+year it was I was born I don' 'member but we has it down in the Bible.
+
+I lived near the "Clock Church" (Jewish Synagogue)[8], 4th and Market.
+We had a big place there. My gran'mother did the cookin'. My mother did
+the sewin'. I was jus five years old when the men went away. I guess to
+the war, I don' know. Some men came by and conscip' dem. I don' know
+where they went but I guess dey went to war. I was such a little girl I
+don't 'member much. But I does know my Missus was good to me. I used to
+play with her little boy. I was jes' one of the family. I played with
+the little boy around the house' cause I was never 'lowed to run the
+streets. They was good to me. They kept me in clothes, pretty clothes,
+and good things to eat. Yes'm we was slaves but we had good times.
+
+Interviewer: "What did you eat?"
+
+Isabell: "Oh I don't 'member 'special but I et jes what the family et."
+
+Maybe my father was killed in the war maybe he run away I don' know, he
+jus' neber come back no mo'.
+
+Yes'm I remember when the soldiers came along and freed us. They went
+through breakin' down peoples shops and everything.
+
+My mother married again. She married Edward Robertson. He was good to
+me. Yes'm he was better to me than my father was. He was a preacher and
+a painter. My mother died. When my father, (step-father) went off to
+preach, me and my sister stayed in the house.
+
+I stayed home all my life. I just wasn't 'llowed to run around like most
+girls. I never been out of Wilmington but one year in my life. That year
+I went to Augusta. No'm I don't likes to go away. I don't like the
+trains, nor the automobiles. But I rides in 'em (meaning the latter).
+
+I remember when the 4th Street bridge was built. I was married over
+there in St. Stephen's Church, 5th and Red Cross. Yes M'am my auntie she
+gib me a big weddin'. I was 22 and my husband was 22 too not quite 23.
+Not a year older than I was. He was a cooper. Yes Ma'm I had a big
+weddin'. The church was all decorated with flowers. I had six
+attendants. Four big ones and two little ones. My husband he had the
+same number I did four big ones and two little ones. I had on a white
+dress. Carried flowers. Had carriages and everything. My husband was
+good to me. I didn't stay home with my father but about a month. We
+wanted to go to ourselves.
+
+We went in our own home and stayed there until I got a "sickness." (She
+looked shy) I didn't know what was the matter with me. My father told me
+I better come home. So I went home to my father and stayed there about
+two years.
+
+I have had five children. Three are livin'. Two are dead.
+
+I never worked until after he died. He left me with five little children
+to raise.
+
+He was the only man I ever 'knowed' in all my life from girlhood up.
+
+[Footnote 8: The Synagogue has no clock on the exterior, but Isabell
+persisted with her name of "Clock Church."]
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320017]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      738
+Subject:        Ex-Slave Story
+Story Teller:   Essex Henry
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 26 1937"]
+
+ESSEX HENRY
+
+Ex-Slave Story
+
+An interview with Essex Henry 83 of 713 S. East Street, Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+I wus borned five miles north of Raleigh on de Wendell Road, 83 years
+ago. My mammy wus Nancy an' my pappy wus Louis. I had one sister, Mary,
+an' one bruder, Louis.
+
+We 'longed ter Mr. Jake Mordecai, an' we lived on his six hundert acres
+plantation 'bout a mile from Millbrook. Right atter de war he sold dis
+lan' ter Doctor Miller an' bought de Betsy Hinton tract at Milburnie.
+Mr. Jake had four or five hundert niggers hyar an' I doan know how many
+at de Edgecombe County place.
+
+De wuck wus hard den, I knows case I'se seed my little mammy dig ditches
+wid de best of 'em. I'se seed her split 350 rails a day many's de time.
+Dat wus her po'tion you knows, an' de mens had ter split 500. I wus too
+little ter do much but min' de chickens outen de gyarden, an' so I fared
+better dan most of 'em. You see Miss Tempie 'ud see me out at de gate
+mornin's as dey wus eatin' breakfas' on de ferander, an' she'ud call me
+ter her an' give me butter toasted lightbread or biscuits. She'd give me
+a heap in dat way, an' do de rest of de slaves got hungry, I doan think
+dat I eber did. I know dat Miss Jenny Perry, on a neighborin'
+plantation, 'ud give my mammy food, fer us chilluns.
+
+Mo'nin's we sometimes ain't had nothin' ter eat. At dinner time de cook
+at de big house cooked nuff turnip salet, beans, 'taters, er peas fer
+all de han's an' long wid a little piece of meat an' a little hunk of
+co'nbread de dinner wus sont ter de slaves out in de fiel' on a cart.
+
+De slaves 'ud set roun' under de trees an' eat an' laugh an' talk till
+de oberseer, Bob Gravie, yells at 'em ter git back ter wuck. Iffen dey
+doan git back right den he starts ter frailin' lef' an' right.
+
+Dar wus a few spirited slaves what won't be whupped an' my uncle wus
+one. He wus finally sold fer dis.
+
+Hit wus different wid my gran'mother do'. De oberseer tried ter whup her
+an' he can't, so he hollers fer Mr. Jake. Mr. Jake comes an' he can't,
+so he hauls off an' kicks granny, mashin' her stomick in. He has her
+carried ter her cabin an' three days atterward she dies wid nothin' done
+fer her an' nobody wid her.
+
+Mr. Jake orders de coffinmaker ter make de pine box, an' den he fergits
+hit. De slaves puts de coffin on de cyart hin' de two black hosses an'
+wid six or maybe seben hundert niggers follerin' dey goes ter de Simms'
+graveyard an' buries her. All de way ter de graveyard dey sings, 'Swing
+Low Sweet Chariot,' 'De Promised Lan', 'De Road ter Jordan,' an' 'Ole
+Time Religion.'
+
+Hit's a good thing dat none of de white folkses ain't went to de
+funerals case iffen dey had de niggers can't sing deir hymns. Does you
+know dat dey warn't no 'ligion 'lowed on dat plantation. Ole lady Betsy
+Holmes wus whupped time an' ag'in fer talkin' 'ligion er fer singin'
+hymns. We sometimes had prayermeetin' anyhow in de cabins but we'd turn
+down de big pot front o' de door ter ketch de noise.
+
+Dey won't gib us no pass hardly, an' iffen we runs 'way de patterollers
+will git us. Dey did let us have some dances do' now an' den, but not
+offen. Dey let us go possum huntin' too case dat wus gittin' something
+ter eat widout Mr. Jake payin' fer hit.
+
+Mr. Henry, Mr. Jake's bruder an' his Uncle Moses uster come a-visitin'
+ter de house fer de day. Mr. Henry wus little wid a short leg an' a long
+one, an' he had de wust temper dat eber wus in de worl'; an' he loved
+ter see slaves suffer, near 'bout much as he loved his brandy. We knowed
+when we seed him comin' dat dar wus gwine ter be a whuppin' frolic 'fore
+de day wus gone.
+
+Dar wus three niggers, John Lane, Ananias Ruffin an' Dick Rogers what
+got de blame fer eber'thing what happens on de place. Fer instance Mr.
+Henry 'ud look in de hawg pen an' 'low dat hit 'peared dat he bruder's
+stock wus growin' less all de time. Den Mr. Jake sez dat dey done been
+stold.
+
+'Why doan you punish dem thievin' niggers, Jake'?
+
+Jake gits mad an' has dese three niggers brung out, deir shirts am
+pulled off an' dey am staked down on deir stomichs, an' de oberseer gits
+wored out, an' leavin' de niggers tied, dar in de sun, dey goes ter de
+house ter git some brandy.
+
+Dey more dey drinks from de white crock de better humor dey gits in. Dey
+laughs an' talks an' atter awhile dey think o' de niggers, an' back dey
+goes an' beats 'em some more. Dis usually lasts all de day, case hit am
+fun ter dem.
+
+Atter so long dey ketched Jack Ashe, a Free Issue, wid one of de pigs,
+an' dey whups him twixt drinks all de day, an' at night dey carried him
+ter de Raleigh jail. He wus convicted an' sent ter Bald Head Island ter
+wuck on de breastworks durin' de war an' he ain't neber come back.
+
+[HW: Asterisk in margin] Dar wus a man in Raleigh what had two blood
+houn's an' he made his livin' by ketchin' runaway niggers. His name wus
+Beaver an' he ain't missed but onct. Pat Norwood took a long grass sythe
+when he runned away, an' as de fust dog come he clipped off its tail, de
+second one he clipped off its ear an' dem dawgs ain't run him no more.
+
+De war lasted a long time, an' hit wus a mess. Some of Marster Jake's
+[HW: Asterisk] slaves lef' him an' when de Yankees got ter Raleigh dey
+come an' tol' 'em 'bout de way Mr. Jake done. Well in a few days hyar
+comes de Yankees a-ridin', an' dey sez dat dey had tentions o' hangin'
+Mr. Jake on de big oak in de yard iffen he 'uv been dar, but he ain't.
+He an' his family had flewed de coop.
+
+Dem Yankees went in de big house an' dey tored an' busted up all dey
+pleased, dey eben throwed de clothes all ober de yard.
+
+Dey took two big barns o' corn an' haul hit off an' down Devil's Jump on
+Morris Creek dey buried ever so much molasses an' all.
+
+At Rattlesnake Spring de Yankees fin's whar Marster Jake's still had
+been, an' dar buried, dey fin's five barrels o' brandy.
+
+Atter de war we stayed on as servants o' Doctor Miller fer seberal
+years. I 'members de only time dat I eber got drunk wus long den. De
+doctor an' his frien's wus splurgin', an' I went wid another nigger ter
+git de brandy from de cellar fer de guests. When I tasted hit, hit drunk
+so good, an' so much lak sweetin water dat I drunk de pitcher full. I
+wus drunk three days.
+
+I married Milly, an' sixty years ago we moved ter town. We scuffled
+along till twenty-eight years ago we buyed dis shack. I hopes dat we can
+git de ole age pension, case we shore need hit.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320015]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+Subject:        Ex-Slave Story
+Story Teller:   Milly Henry
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 26 1937"]
+
+EX-SLAVE STORY
+
+
+An interview with Milly Henry 82 of 713 South East Street, Raleigh, N. C.
+
+I wus borned a slave ter Mr. Buck Boylan in Yazoo City, Mississippi. I
+doan know nothin' 'bout my family 'cept my gran'maw an' she died in
+Mississippi durin' de war.
+
+Marster Buck owned three plantations dar, de Mosley place, Middle place,
+an' de Hill place. Me an' gran'maw lived at de Mosley place. One day
+Marster Buck comes in, an' we sees dat he am worried stiff; atter awhile
+he gangs us up, an' sez ter us:
+
+De Yankees am a-comin' to take my slaves 'way from me an' I don't 'pose
+dat dey am gwine ter do dat. Fer dem reasons we leaves fer No'th
+Carolina day atter termorror an' I ain't gwine ter hyar no jaw 'bout
+hit.'
+
+Dat day he goes over de slaves an' picks out 'roun' five hundret ter go.
+He picks me out, but my gran'maw he sez dat he will leave case she am so
+old an' feeble. I hates dat, but I don't say nothin' at all.
+
+We leaves home in kivered wagons, wid a heap walkin' an' in 'bout three
+weeks, I reckon, we gits ter Raleigh. You should have been 'long on dat
+trip, honey; When we camps side of de road an' sleeps on de groun' an'
+cooks our rations at de camp fires. I think dat dat wus one spring 'fore
+de surrender wus de nex'.
+
+Marster Buck carries us ter Boylan Avenue dar whar de bridge am now an'
+we camps fer a few days, but den he sen's us out ter de Crabtree
+plantation. He also buys a place sommers east o' Raleigh an' sen's some
+dar.
+
+I misses my gran'maw fer awhile, but at last Uncle Green comes from
+Mississippi an' he sez dat gran'maw am daid, so I pretty quick stops
+worrin' over hit.
+
+Marster' cides ter hire some o' us out, an' so I gits hired out ter Miss
+Mary Lee, who I wucks fer till she got so pore she can't feed me, den I
+is hired out ter Miss Sue Blake an' sent ter de Company Shop up above
+Durham.
+
+Miss Mary wus good, but Miss Sue she whup me, so I runs away. I went
+barefooted an' bareheaded ter de train, an' I gits on. Atter awhile de
+conductor comes fer a ticket an' I ain't got none. He axes me whar I'se
+gwine an' I tells him home, so he brung me on ter Raleigh.
+
+I went right home an' tol' Mr. Buck dat Miss Sue whupped me, an' dat I
+runned away. He said dat hit wus all right, an' he hired me out ter Mis'
+Lee Hamilton who lived dar on de Fayetteville Street.
+
+She wus a widder an' run a boardin' house an' dar's whar I seed de
+first drunk man dat eber I seed. He put de back o' his knife ginst my
+neck an' said dat he wus gwine ter cut my throat. I tell you dat I is
+knowed a drunk eber since dat time.
+
+I wus drawin' water at de well at de end of Fayetteville Street when de
+Yankees comed. I seed 'em ridin' up de street wid deir blue coats
+shinin' an' deir hosses steppin' high. I knowed dat I ought ter be
+skeered but I ain't, an' so I stands dar an' watches.
+
+Suddenly as dey passes de bank out rides two mens frum Wheeler's calvary
+an' dey gits in de middle o' de street one of de hosses wheels back an'
+de man shot right at de Yankees, den he flewed frum dar.
+
+Two of de Yankees retracts frum de army an' dey flies atter de Rebs.
+When de Rebs git ter de Capitol one o' dem flies down Morgan Street an'
+one goes out Hillsboro Street wid de Yankees hot in behin' him.
+
+Dey ketched him out dar at de Hillsboro Bridge when his hoss what wus
+already tired, stumbles an' he falls an' hurts his leg.
+
+Durin' dat time de big man wid de red hair what dey calls Kilpatrick
+brung his men up on de square an' sets under de trees an' a gang o'
+people comes up.
+
+When dey brung de young good lookin' Reb up ter de redheaded Gen'l he
+sez 'What you name Reb?'
+
+De boy sez, 'Robert Walsh, sir.
+
+What for did you done go an' shoot at my army?
+
+"Case I hates de Yankees an' I wush dat dey wus daid in a pile," de Reb
+sez, an' laughs.
+
+"De Gen'l done got his dander up now, an' he yells," 'Carry de Reb
+sommers out'r sight o' de ladies an' hang him.'
+
+De Reb laughs an' sez, 'kin' o' you sir,' an' he waves goodbye ter de
+crowd an' dey carried him off a laughin' fit ter kill.
+
+Dey hanged him on a ole oak tree in de Lovejoy grove, whar de Governor's
+mansion am now standin' an' dey buried him under de tree.
+
+Way atter de war dey moved his skileton ter Oakwood Cemetery an' put him
+up a monument. His grave wus kivered wid flowers, an' de young ladies
+cry.
+
+He died brave do', an' he kep' laughin' till his neck broke. I wus dar
+an' seed hit, furdermore dar wus a gang of white ladies dar, so dey
+might as well a hanged him on de Capitol Square.
+
+De Yankees wus good ter me, but hit shore wus hard ter git a job do',
+an' so I ain't fared as good as I did' fore de war.
+
+Mr. Buck wus good ter us. Sometimes he'd lose his temper an' cuss, den
+he'd say right quick, 'God forgive me, I pray.' Dat man believed in
+'ligion. When de oberseer, George Harris, 'ud start ter beat a slave dey
+larned ter yell fer Mr. Buck an' make lak dey wus gittin' kilt.
+
+Mr. Buck'd come stompin' an' yellin' 'stop beatin' dat nigger.
+
+Course dis ruint de slaves, case dey could talk lak dey pleased ter Mr.
+Harris, an' iffen dey could yell loud nuff dey ain't got no whuppin'.
+
+Yessum, I'se glad slavery am over; we owns dis home an' some chickens,
+but we shore does need de ole age pension. I'se got two fine gran'sons,
+but let me tell you dey needs ter wuck harder, eat less, an' drink less.
+
+On de count o' dem boys I wants de ABC Stores so's dey won't drink box
+lye.
+
+EH
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320047]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          737
+Subject:            CHANEY HEWS
+Person Interviewed: Chaney Hews
+Editor:             G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+CHANEY HEWS
+80 years old. 104 Cotton Street, Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+My age, best of my recollection, is about eighty years. I was 'bout
+eight years ole when de Yankees come through. Chillun in dem days wus
+not paid much mind like dey is now. White chillun nor nigger chillun wus
+not spiled by tenshun.
+
+I got enough to eat to live on an' dat wus 'bout all I keered 'bout. Des
+so I could git a little to eat and could play all de time. I stayed
+outen de way of de grown folks. No, chillun wus not noticed like dey is
+now.
+
+I heard de grown folks talkin' 'bout de Yankees. De niggers called 'em
+blue jackets. Den one mornin', almost 'fore I knowed it, de yard wus
+full of 'em. Dey tried to ride de hosses in de house, dey caught de
+chickens, killed de shoats and took de horses an' anything else dey
+wanted. Dey give de nigger hardtack an' pickled meat. I 'members eating
+some of de meat, I didn't like.
+
+We had reasonably good food, clothin', and warm log houses wid stick an'
+dirt chimleys. De houses wus warm enough all de time in winter, and dey
+didn't leak in rainy weather neither.
+
+Dere wus a lot of slaves an' marster an' missus wus good to father an'
+mother. When dey had a cornshuckin' we slaves had a good time, plenty to
+eat, whiskey for de grown folks and a rastlin' match after de corn wus
+shucked. A nigger dat shucked a red ear of corn got a extra drink of
+whiskey. Dat wus de custom in dem days.
+
+No prayermeetings wus allowed on de plantation but we went to Salem to
+white folks church and also to white folks church at Cary.
+
+Dey whupped mother 'cause she tried to learn to read, no books wus
+allowed. Mother said dat if de blue jackets had not come sooner or later
+I would have got de lash.
+
+Mother belonged to Sam Atkins who owned a plantation about ten miles
+down de Ramkatte Road in Wake County. Father belonged to Turner Utley
+and father wus named Jacob Utley and mother wus named Lucy Utley. My
+maiden name wus Chaney Utley. Dey wurked from sun to sun on de
+plantation.
+
+When de surrender come father an' mother come to town an' stayed about a
+year an' den went back to ole marster's plantation. Dey wus fed a long
+time on hardtack and pickled meat, by de Yankees, while in town. Dey
+stayed a long time wid ole marster when dey got back. Mother wus his
+cook. Rats got after mother in town an' she went back to marsters an'
+tole him 'bout it an' tole him she had come back home, dat she wus fraid
+to stay in town an' marster jes' laughted an' tole us all to come right
+in. He tole mother to go an' cook us all sumptin to eat an' she did. We
+wus all glad to git back home.
+
+I wus too little to wurk much but I played a lot an' swept yards. We
+drank water outen gourds an' marster would tell me to bring him a gourd
+full of cool water when he wus settin' in his arm chair on de porch. I
+thought big of waitin' on marster, yes, dat I did.
+
+Dere wus fourteen of us in family, father, mother an' twelve chilluns.
+Dere is three of us livin', two of de boys an' me.
+
+Slavery wus a good thing from what I knows 'bout it. While I liked de
+Yankees wid dere purty clothes, I didn't like de way dey took marster's
+stuff an' I tole 'em so. Mother made me hush. Dey took chickens, meat,
+hogs an' horses.
+
+We finally left ole marster's plantation an' moved Jes' a little way
+over on another plantation. Mother an' father died there.
+
+I married Sam Hews in Wake County when I wus fifteen years old. I had no
+children. After we wus married we stayed on de farm a year or two den we
+moved to Raleigh. We have wurked for white folks ever since, an' I am
+still wurkin' for 'em now all I am able. I washes an' irons clothes.
+Sometimes I can't wash, I ain't able, but I does de bes' I can. De white
+folks is still good to me an' I likes' em.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+District:           No. 2               [320158]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          1554
+Subject:            Joe High
+Person Interviewed: Joe High
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 1 1937"]
+
+[HW: interesting first & last paragraph glad slavery ended but loved
+Missus]
+
+JOE HIGH
+[HW:--80 years]
+
+
+Joe High interviewed May 18, 1937 has long been one of the best
+independent gardners in Raleigh, working variously by the hour or day.
+
+My name is Joe High. I lives at 527 So. Haywood. St. Raleigh, N. C. Now
+dere is one thing I want to know, is dis thing goin' to cost me
+anything. Hold on a minute, and le' me see. I want to be square, and I
+must be square. Now le' me see, le' me see sumpin'. Sometimes folks come
+here and dey writes and writes; den dey asts me, is you goin' to pay dis
+now? What will it cost? Well, if it costs nothin' I'll gib you what I
+knows.
+
+Let me git my Bible. I wants to be on de square, because I got to leave
+here some of dese days. Dis is a record from de slave books. I've been
+tryin' to git my direct age for 35 years. My cousin got my age. I wuz
+born April 10, 1857. My mother's name wuz Sarah High. Put down when she
+wuz born, Oct. 24, 1824. This is from the old slave books. We both
+belonged to Green High, the young master. The old master, I nebber seed
+him; but I saw old missus, Mis' Laney High. The old master died before I
+wuz born. We lived two miles north uv Zebulon. You know where Zebulon is
+in Wake County? I had two brothers, one brother named Taylor High,
+'nother named Ruffin High. My sister died mighty young. She come here
+wrong; she died. I' member seeing my uncle take her to the grave yard. I
+don't know whe're there's enny rec'ord o' her or not.
+
+My work in slavery times wuz ridin' behin' my Missus, Clara Griffin, who
+wuz my old missus' sister's daughter. She came to be our missus. When
+she went visiting I rode behind her. I also looked atter de garden, kept
+chickens out uv de garden, and minded de table, fanned flies off de
+table. They were good to us. Dey whupped us sometime. I wuz not old
+enough to do no fiel' work.
+
+One time I slep' late. It wuz in the fall uv the year. The other
+chilluns had lef' when I got up. I went out to look for 'em. When I
+crossed the tater patch I seen the ground cracked and I dug in to see
+what cracked it. I found a tater and kept diggin' till I dug it up. I
+carried it to the house. They had a white woman for a cook that year. I
+carried the tater and showed it to her. She took me and the tater and
+told me to come on. We went from the kitchen to the great house and she
+showed the tater to the old missus sayin', 'Look here missus, Joe has
+been stealin' taters. Here is the tater he stole'. Old missus said, 'Joe
+belongs to me, the tater belongs to me, take it back and cook it for
+him. When the cook cooked the tater she asked me for half uv it. I gave
+it to her. If I had known den lak I knows now, she wuz tryin' to git me
+to git a whoppin' I wouldn't 'er give her none uv dat tater.
+
+There were some frame houses, an part log houses, we called 'em the
+darkey houses. The master's house wuz called 'the great house'. We had
+very good places to sleep and plenty to eat. I got plenty uv potlicker,
+peas, and pumpkins. All us little darkies et out uv one bowl. We used
+mussel shells, got on the branch, for spoons. Dey must not er had no
+spoons or sumpin. The pea fowls roosted on de great house evey night. I
+didn't know whut money nor matches wuz neither.
+
+I 'member seein' Henry High, my first cousin, ketch a pike once, but I
+never done no fishin' or huntin'. I 'member seein' the grown folks start
+off possum huntin' at night, but I did not go.
+
+I wore wooden bottom shoes and I wore only a shirt. I went in my shirt
+tail until I wuz a great big boy, many years atter slavery. There were
+50 or more slaves on the plantation. Old women wove cloth on looms. We
+made syrup, cane syrup, with a cane mill. We carried our corn to
+Foster's Mill down on Little River to have it ground. It wuz called
+Little River den; I don't know whut it is called in dis day.
+
+There wuz a block in de yard, where missus got up on her horse. There
+were two steps to it. Slaves were sold from this block. I 'member seein'
+them sold from this block. George High wuz one, but they got him back.
+
+Dey did not teach us anything about books; dey did not teach us anything
+about readin' and writin'. I went to church at the Eppsby Church near
+Buffalo, not far from Wakefield. We sat in a corner to ourselves.
+
+My brother Taylor ran away. Young master sent him word to come on back
+home; he won't goin' to whup him, and he come back. Yes, he come back.
+
+We played the games uv marbles, blind fold, jumpin', and racin', and
+jumpin' the rope. The doctor looked atter us when we were sick,
+sometimes, but it wuz mostly done by old women. Dey got erbs and dey gib
+us wormfuge. Dey worked us out. I wuz not old enough to pay much
+attention to de doctor's name.
+
+I 'members one day my young master, Green High, and me wuz standin' in
+de front yard when two men come down the avenue from de main road to the
+house. Dey wanted to know how fer it wuz to Green High's. Master told
+'em it wuz about 2 miles away and gave 'em the direction. Dey were
+Yankees. Dey got on their horses and left. Dey didn't know dey wuz
+talking to Green High then. When dey left, master left. I didn't see
+him no more in a long time. Soon next day the yard wuz full uv Yankee
+soldiers. I 'members how de buttons on dere uniforms shined. Dey got
+corn, meat, chickens, and eveything they wanted. Day didn't burn the
+house.
+
+Old man Bert Doub or Domb kept nigger hounds. When a nigger run away he
+would ketch him for de master. De master would send atter him and his
+dogs when a nigger run away. I 'member one overseer, a Negro, Hamp High
+and another Coff High. Nobody told me nothin' about being free and I
+knowed nothin' 'bout whut it meant.
+
+I married Rosetta Hinton. She belonged to the Hintons during slavery.
+She is dead; she's been dead fourteen years. We were married at her
+mother's home; the river plantation belonging to the Hintons. I wuz
+married by a preacher at this home. Atter the wedding we had good things
+to eat and we played games. All stayed there that night and next day we
+went back to whar I wuz workin' on de Gen. Cox's farm. I wuz workin'
+dere. We had 6 chillun. Two died at birth. All are dead except one in
+Durham named Tommie High and one in New York City. Tommie High works in
+a wheat mill. Eddie High is a cashermiser, (calciminer) works on walls.
+
+I thought slavery wuz right. I felt that this wuz the way things had to
+go, the way they were fixed to go. I wuz satisfied. The white folks
+treated me all right. My young missus loved me and I loved her. She
+whupped me sometimes. I think just for fun sometimes, when I wuz ridin'
+behind her, she would tell me to put my arms around her and hold to her
+apron strings. One day she wuz sittin' on the side saddle; I wuz sittin'
+behind her. She wud try to git old Dave, the horse she wuz a ridin to
+walk; she would say, 'Ho Dave', den I wud kick de horse in de side and
+she wud keep walkin' on. She asked me, 'Joe, why does Dave not want to
+stop?'
+
+I saw a lot of Yankees, I wuz afraid of 'em. They called us Johnnie,
+Susie, and tole us they wouldn't hurt us.
+
+I think Abraham Lincoln is all right, I guess, the way he saw it. I
+think he was like I wuz as a boy from what I read, and understand; he
+wuz like me jest the way he saw things. I liked the rules, and ways o'
+my old master and missus, while the Yankees and Abraham Lincoln gave me
+more rest.
+
+How did I learn to read? Atter de war I studies. I wonts ter read de
+hymms an' songs. I jis picks up de readin' myself.
+
+It's quare to me, I cannot remember one word my mother ever said to me,
+not nary a word she said can I remember. I remember she brought me hot
+potlicker and bread down to the house of mornings when I wuz small; but
+I'se been tryin to 'member some words she spoke to me an' I cain't.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320246]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      936
+Subject:        SUSAN HIGH
+Story Teller:   Susan High
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+SUSAN HIGH
+519 Haywood Street
+Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+My name is Susan High. I wus born in June. I am 70 years old. My mother
+wus named Piety an' she belonged to de ole man Giles Underhill before de
+surrender. My father he wus George Merritt an' he belonged to Ben
+Merritt, Ivan Proctor's grandfather. Dey lived on a plantation near
+Eagle Rock, Wake County. Dey called de creek near by Mark's Creek.
+
+My parents said dat dey had a mighty hard time, an' dat durin' slavery
+time, de rules wus mighty strict. De hours of work on de farm wus from
+sun to sun wid no time 'cept at Christmas and at lay-by time, 4th of
+July for anything but work. Dey were not 'lowed no edication, and very
+little time to go to church. Sometimes de went to de white folks church.
+Mother said dey whupped de slaves if dey broke de rules.
+
+Dey said de overseers were worse den de slave owners. De overseers were
+ginerally white men hired by de marster. My father said dey had poor
+white men to overseer, and de slave owner would go on about his business
+and sometimes didn't know an' didn't eben care how mean de overseer wus
+to de slaves.
+
+Dere wus a lot o' things to drink, dey said, cider, made from apples,
+whiskey, an' brandy. Dey said people didn't notice it lak dey do now,
+not many got drunk, cause dere wus plenty of it. Father said it wus ten
+cents a quart, dat is de whiskey made outen corn, and de brandy wus
+cheap too.
+
+Dey said de clothes were wove, an' dat mos' chillun went barefooted, an'
+in dere shirt tails; great big boys, goin' after de cows, and feedin' de
+horses, an' doin' work around de house in deir shirt tails. Grown slaves
+got one pair o' shoes a year an' went barefooted de res' o' de time.
+Biscuit wus a thing dey seldom got.
+
+Women cleared land by rollin' logs into piles and pilin' brush in de new
+grounds. Dey were 'lowed patches, but dey used what dey made to eat.
+Daddy said dey didn't have time to fish and hunt any. Dey were too tired
+for dat. Dey had to work so hard.
+
+Daddy said he wus proud o' freedom, but wus afraid to own it. Dey prayed
+fer freedom secretly. When de Yankees come daddy saved a two horse wagon
+load of meat for marster by takin' it off in de swamp and hidin' it, an'
+den marster wouldn't give him nary bit uv it. After de surrender, dey
+turned him out wid a crowd o' little chillun wid out a thing. Dey give
+him nothin'. My mother saved her marster's life, Charles Underhill.
+
+Well you see he wus takin' care uv a lot o' meat and whiskey for Dick
+Jordon, an' de Yankees come an' he treated 'em from whiskey he had in a
+bottle, an' tole 'em he had no more. Dey searched his home an' found it
+in a shed room, an' den dey said dey were goin' to kill him for tellin'
+'em a lie. She herd [HW correction: heard] 'em talkin' and she busted
+through de crowd and told 'em dat de stuff belonged to anudder man and
+dat her marster was not lyin', an' not to hurt 'im. De Yankees said,
+'You have saved dis ole son of a bitch, we won't kill' em den.' Dey took
+all de meat, whiskey, an' everything dey wanted. Marster promised mother
+a cow, and calf, a sow, and pigs for what she had done for him an' to
+stay on an' finish de crop. When de fall o' de year come he did not give
+her de wrappin's o' her finger. Dat's what my mudder tole me. We wus
+teached to call 'em mammie and pappie. I is gwine to tell you just
+zackly like it is we were taught dese things. I wants to be pasidefily
+right in what I tell you.
+
+We lef' dat place an' mammie an' pappie farmed wid Solomon Morgan a Free
+Issue for several years. De family had typhoid fever an' five were down
+with it at one time. But de Lawd will provide. Sich as dat makes me say
+people wont die till deir time comes. Dere is some mighty good white
+people in dis place in America, and also bad. If it hadn't been for 'em
+we colored folks would have ben in a mighty bad fix. We got our jobs and
+help from 'em to git us to de place we are at. Dr. Henry Montague
+doctored us and none died. It wusn't dere time to go. No, no, hit wasn't
+deir time to go. We then moved back to Marster's for a year, and then we
+moved to Rolesville in Wake County.
+
+I married den and moved to Raleigh. I married Robert High. He is dead.
+He been dead 'bout 30 years. I don't know much 'bout Abraham Lincoln I
+think he wus a fine man. Mr. Roosevelt's ideas is fine if he can carry
+'em out.
+
+AC
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320084]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          878
+Subject:            KITTY HILL
+Person Interviewed: Kitty Hill
+Editor:             G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 17 1937"]
+
+KITTY HILL
+329 West South Street, Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+I tole you yisterday dat my age wus 76 years old, but my daughter come
+home, an' I axed her' bout it an' she say I is 77 years old. I don't
+know exactly the date but I wus born in April. I wus a little girl 'bout
+five years ole when de surrender come, but I don't' member anything
+much' bout de Yankees.
+
+I wus born in Virginia, near Petersburg, an' mother said de Yankees had
+been hanging' round dere so long dat a soldier wus no sight to nobody.
+
+'Bout de time de Yankees come I' member hearin' dem talk 'bout de
+surrender. Den a Jew man by the name of Isaac Long come to Petersburg,
+bought us an' brought us to Chatham County to a little country town,
+named Pittsboro. Ole man Isaac Long run a store an' kept a boarding
+house. We stayed on de lot. My mother cooked. We stayed there a long
+time atter de war. Father wus sent to Manassas Gap at the beginning of
+de war and I do not 'member ever seein' him.
+
+My mother wus named Viney Jefferson an' my father wus named Thomas
+Jefferson. We 'longed to the Jeffersons there and we went by the name of
+Jefferson when we wus sold and brought to N. C. I do not 'member my
+grandparents on my mother's or father's side. Mother had one boy an'
+three girls. The boy wus named Robert, an' the girls were Kate, Rosa and
+Kitty. Marster Long bought mother an' all de chilluns, but mother never
+seed father anymore atter he wus sent off to de war.
+
+I married Green Hill in Chatham County. I married him at Moncure about
+nine miles from Pittsboro. We lived at Moncure and mother moved there
+an' we lived together for a long time. When we left Moncure we come ter
+Raleigh. Mother had died long time 'fore we left Moncure, Chatham
+County. We moved ter Raleigh atter de World War.
+
+Mother used ter tell we chilluns stories of patterollers ketchin'
+niggers an' whuppin' 'em an' of how some of de men outrun de
+patterollers an' got away. Dere wus a song dey used to sing, it went
+like dis. Yes sir, ha! ha! I wants ter tell you dat song, here it is:
+
+    'Somefolks say dat a nigger wont steal, I caught two in my corn
+    field, one had a bushel, one had a peck, an' one had rosenears,
+    strung 'round his neck. 'Run nigger run, Patteroller ketch you, run
+    nigger run like you did de udder day.'
+
+My mother said she wus treated good. Yes she said dey wus good ter her
+in Virginia. Mother said de slave men on de Jefferson plantation in
+Virginia would steal de hosses ter ride ter dances at night. One time a
+hoss dey stole an' rode ter a dance fell dead an' dey tried ter tote him
+home. Mother laughted a lot about dat. I heard my mother say dat de
+cavalry southern folks was bout de meanest in de war. She talked a lot
+about Wheeler's cavalry.
+
+Dere wus a lot of stealin' an' takin' meat, silver, stock an' anything.
+Hosses, cows an' chickens jist didn't have no chance if a Yankee laid
+his eyes on 'em. A Yankee wus pisen to a yard full of fowls. Dey killed
+turkeys, chickens and geese. Now dats de truth. Mother said de Yankees
+skinned turkeys, chickens and geese 'fore dey cooked 'em. Sometimes dey
+would shoot a hog an' jist take de hams an' leave de rest dere to spile.
+Dey would kill a cow, cut off de quarters an' leave de rest ter rot.
+
+Mother said no prayer meetings wus allowed de slaves in Virginia where
+she stayed. Dey turned pots down ter kill de noise an' held meetings at
+night. Dey had niggers ter watch an' give de alarm if dey saw de white
+folks comin'. Dey always looked out for patterollers. Dey were not
+allowed any edication an' mother could not read and write nuther.
+
+I 'member de Ku Klux an' how dey beat people. One night a man got away
+from 'em near whar we lived in Chatham County. He lived out in de edge
+of de woods; and when dey knocked on de door he jumped out at a back
+window in his night clothes wid his pants in his hands an' outrun 'em.
+Dere wus rocks in de woods whar he run an' dat nigger jist tore his feet
+up. Dey went ter one nigger's house up dere an' de door' wus barred up.
+Dey got a ax an' cut a hole in de door. When de hole got big enough de
+nigger blammed down on 'em wid a gun an' shot one of dere eyes out. You
+know de Ku Klux went disguised an' when dey got ter your house dey would
+say in a fine voice, Ku Klux, Ku Klux, Ku Klux, Ku Klux.
+
+[HW correction: New paragraph] Some people say dey are in slavery now
+an' dat de niggers never been in nothin' else; but de way some of it wus
+I believe it wus a bad thing. Some slaves fared all right though an' had
+a good time an' liked slavery.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320218]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          997
+Subject:            JERRY HINTON
+Person Interviewed: Jerry Hinton
+Editor:             Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+JERRY HINTON
+
+
+My full name is Jerry Hinton. I wus borned in February, 1855. I am not
+able ter work. I work all I can. I am trying ter do de best I can ter
+help myself. Yes, just tryin' ter do sumpin, ain't able ter work much. I
+am ruptured, an' old. My old house looks 'bout old as I do, it's 'bout
+to fall down, ain't able ter fix it up. It needs repairing. I ain't able
+ter make no repairs.
+
+I wus born on a plantation in Wake County. My master wus Richard
+Seawell, an' Missus wus named Adelaide. His plantation wus on Neuse
+River. He had two plantations, but I wus a little boy, an' don't
+remember how many acres in de plantation or how many slaves. There wus a
+lot of 'em tho'. I would follow master 'round an' look up in his face so
+he would give me biscuit an' good things ter eat.
+
+My mother, before marriage, wus named Silvia Seawell, an' father wus
+named Andrew Hinton. Atter they wus married mother went by the name of
+Hinton, my father's family name. I had--I don't know--mos' anything wus
+good ter me. Master brought me biscuit an' I thought that wus the
+greatest thing at all. Yes, I got purty good food. Our clothes wus not
+fine, but warm. I went barefooted mos' o' the time, an' in summer I went
+in my shirt tail.
+
+Dey called de slave houses 'quarters', de house where de overseer lived
+wus de 'Overseer's House'. Master had a overseer to look atter his men;
+De overseer wus named Bridgers. De house where Master lived wus de
+'Great House'.
+
+Dey would not allow us any books. I cannot read an' write. I have seen
+de patterollers, but I neber saw' em whip nobody; but I saw' em lookin'
+fer somebody ter whup. I've neber seen a slave sold. I've neber seen a
+jail fer slaves or slaves in chains. I have seen master whup slaves
+though. I wus neber whupped. Dey wrung my ears an' pulled my nose to
+punish me.
+
+Dere wus no churches on de plantation, but we had prayer meetin's in our
+homes. We went to de white folks church. My father used to take me by de
+hand an' carry me ter church. Daddy belonged ter de Iron Side Baptist
+Church. We called our fathers 'daddy' in slavery time. Dey would not let
+slaves call deir fathers 'father'. Dey called 'em 'daddy', an' white
+children called deir father, 'Pa'. I didn't work any in slavery time,
+'cept feed pigs, an' do things fer my master; waited on him. I went
+'round wid him a lot, an' I had rather see him come on de plantation
+any time dan to see my daddy. I do not remember any possums or other
+game being eaten at our house. I do not remember eber goin' a-fishin
+durin' slavery time.
+
+Master had two boys ter go off ter de war. Dey carried 'em off ter de
+war. I don't know how many children dey had, but I remember two of 'em
+goin' off ter de war. Don't know what became of 'em.
+
+I shore remember de Yankees. Yes sir, Ha! ha! I shore remember dem. Dem
+Yankees tore down an' drug out ever'thing, dey come across. Dey killed
+hogs, an' chickens. Dey took only part of a hog an' lef' de rest. Dey
+shot cows, an' sometimes jest cut off de hind quarters an' lef de rest.
+Dey knocked de heads out o' de barrels o' molasses. Dey took horses,
+cows an' eber'thing, but they did not hurt any o' de children. Dey wus
+folks dat would tear down things.
+
+Atter de surrender my mother moved over on de plantation where my father
+stayed. We stayed dere a long time, an' den we moved back to Richard
+Seawell's, old master's plantation, stayin' dere a long time. Den we
+moved to Jessie Taylor's place below Raleigh between Crabtree Creek an'
+Neuse River. When we lef' Taylor's we moved ter Banner Dam northeast of
+Raleigh near Boone's Pond. Mother an' father both died dere. Atter
+leaving dere I come here. I have lived in Oberlin ebery since. Guess
+I'll die here; if I can git de money to pay my taxes, I know I will die
+here.
+
+I think slavery wus good because I wus treated all right. I think I am
+'bout as much a slave now as ever.
+
+I don't think any too much o' Abraham Lincoln, Jeff Davis or any o' dem
+men. Don't know much 'bout 'em. Guess Mr. Roosevelt is all right. 'Bout
+half the folks both black an' white is slaves an' don't know it. When I
+wus a slave I had nothin' on me, no responsibility on any of us, only to
+work. Didn't have no taxes to pay, neber had to think whur de next meal
+wus comin' from.
+
+Dis country is in a bad fix. Looks like sumptin got to be done someway
+or people, a lot of 'em, are goin' to parish to death. Times are hard,
+an' dey is gettin' worse. Don't know how I am goin' to make it, if I
+don't git some help. We been prayin' fer rain. Crops are done injured,
+but maybe de Lawd will help us. Yes, I trust in de Lawd.
+
+I been married twice. I married Henritta Nunn first, an' den Henritta
+Jones. I had three children by first marriage, an' none b [HW: y] second
+marriage. My wife is over seventy years old. We have a hard time making
+enough to git a little sumptin to eat. I wus mighty glad to see you
+when you come up dis mornin', an' I hopes what I have told you will help
+some one to know how bad we need help. I feels de Lawd will open up de
+way. Yes sir, I do.
+
+LE
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320179]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          568
+Subject:            MARTHA ADELINE HINTON
+Person Interviewed: Martha Adeline Hinton
+Editor:             G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: HW Date "8/31/37"]
+
+MARTHA ADELINE HINTON
+#2--Star St., Route 2, Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+I wus born May 3, 1861 at Willis Thompson's plantation in Wake County
+about fifteen miles from Raleigh. He wus my marster an' his wife Muriel
+wus my missus. My father's name wus Jack Emery an' mother's name was
+Minerva Emery. My mother belonged to Willis Thompson and my father
+belonged to Ephriam Emery. Mother stayed with my marster's married
+daughter. She married Johnny K. Moore.
+
+Marster had three children, all girls; dere names wus Margaret, Caroline
+and Nancy. There wus only one slave house dere 'cause dey only had one
+slave whur my mother stayed. Marster Thompson had five slaves on his
+plantation. He wus good to slaves but his wife wus rough. We had a
+reasonably [HW correction] good place to sleep an' fair sumptin to eat.
+You sees I wus mighty young an' I members very little 'bout some things
+in slavery but from what my mother an father tole me since de war it wus
+just 'bout middlin' livin' at marster's. Slaves wore homemade clothes
+an' shoes. De shoes had wooden bottoms but most slave chilluns went
+barefooted winter an' summer till dey wus ole 'nough to go to work. De
+first pair of shoes I wore my daddy made 'em. I 'member it well. I will
+never furgit it, I wus so pleased wid 'em. All slave chillun I knows
+anything 'bout wore homemade clothes an' went barefooted most of the
+time an' bareheaded too.
+
+I member de Yankees an' how dey had rods searchin' for money an' took
+things. I members a Yankee goin' to mother an' sayin' we was free. When
+he lef' missus come an' axed her what he say to her an' mother tole
+missus what he said an' missus says 'No he didn't tell you you is free,
+you jes axed him wus you free.' Father wus hired out to Frank Page of
+Gary. He wus cuttin cord wood for him, when he heard de Yankees wus
+coming he come home. When he got dere de Yankees had done been to de
+house an' gone.
+
+Durin' slavery dey tried to sell daddy. De speculator wus dere an 'daddy
+suspicion sumpin. His marster tole him to go an' shuck some corn. Dey
+aimed to git him in de corn crib an' den tie him an' sell him but when
+he got to the crib he kept on goin'. He went to Mr. Henry Buffaloe's an'
+stayed two weeks den he went back home. Dere wus nuthin' else said 'bout
+sellin him. Dey wanted to sell him an buy a 'oman so dey could have a
+lot of slave chilluns cause de 'oman could multiply. Dey hired men out
+by the year to contractors to cut cord wood an' build railroads. Father
+wus hired out dat way. Ole man Rome Harp wus hired out day way. He
+belonged to John Harp.
+
+Daddy said his marster never did hit him but one blow. Daddy said he
+wurked hard everyday, an' done as near right as he knowed how to do in
+everything. His marster got mad ah' hit him wid a long switch. Den daddy
+tole him he wus workin' bes' he could for him an' dat he wus not goin'
+to take a whuppin. His marster walked off an' dat wus de last of it, an'
+he never tried to whup him again.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320225]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      775
+Subject:        ROBERT HINTON
+Story Teller:   Robert Hinton
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+ROBERT HINTON
+420 Smith Street, Raleigh, N. C.
+
+
+My name is Robert Hinton. I ain't able to work, ain't been able to do
+any work in five years. My wife, Mary Hinton, supports me by workin'
+with the WPA. She was cut off las' May. Since she has had no job, we
+have to live on what she makes with what little washin' she gets from de
+white folks; an' a little help from charity; dis ain't much. Dey give
+you for one week, one half peck meal, one pound meat, one pound powdered
+milk, one half pound o' coffee. Dis is what we git for one week.
+
+I wus borned in 1856 on de Fayetteville Road three miles from Raleigh,
+south. I belonged to Lawrence Hinton. My missus wus named Jane Hinton.
+De Hintons had 'bout twenty slaves on de plantation out dere. Dey had
+four chillun, de boy Ransom an' three girls: Belle, Annie an' Miss Mary.
+All are dead but one, Miss Mary is livin' yit. My mother wus named Liza
+Hinton an' my father wus named Bob Hinton. My gran'mother wus named Mary
+Hinton an' gran'father Harry Hinton.
+
+We had common food in slavery time, but it wus well fixed up, an' we
+were well clothed. We had a good place to sleep, yes sir, a good place
+to sleep. We worked from sunrise to sunset under overseers. Dey were
+good to us. I wus small at dat time. I picked up sticks in de yard an'
+done some work around de house, but when dey turned deir backs I would
+be playin' most o' de time. We played shootin' marbles, an' runnin', an'
+jumpin'. We called de big house de dwelling house an' de slave quarters
+de slave houses. Some of 'em were in marster's yard and some were
+outside. Dey give all de families patches and gardens, but dey did not
+sell anything.
+
+We had prayer meetin' in our houses when we got ready, but dere were no
+churches for niggers on de plantation. We had dances and other socials
+durin' Christmas times. Dey give us de Christmas holidays.
+
+No sir, dey did not whup me. I wus mighty young. Dey didn't work chillun
+much. I have seen 'em whup de grown ones do'. I never saw a slave sold
+and never saw any in chains. Dey run away from our plantation but dey
+come back again. William Brickell, Sidney Cook, Willis Hinton all run
+away. I don't know why dey all run away but some run away to keep from
+being whupped.
+
+I have lived in North Carolina all my life, right here in Wake County.
+We used to set gums and catch rabbits, set traps and caught patridges
+and doves.
+
+Yes sir, I went blindin'. I 'members gittin' a big light an' jumpin'
+'round de bresh heaps, an' when a bird come out we frailed him down. We
+went gigging fish too. We found 'em lying on de bottom o' de creeks an'
+ponds at night, an' stuck de gig in 'em an' pulled 'em out.
+
+De white folks, ole missus, teached us de catechism, but dey didn't want
+you to learn to read and write. I can read and write now; learned since
+de surrender. Sometimes we went to de white folks church. I don't know
+any songs.
+
+When we got sick our boss man sent for a doctor, Dr. Burke Haywood, Dr.
+Johnson, or Dr. Hill.
+
+I 'members when de North folks and de Southern folks wus fightin'. De
+Northern soldiers come in here on de Fayetteville Road. I saw 'em by de
+hundreds. Dey had colored folks soldiers in blue clothes too. In de
+mornin' white soldiers, in de evenin' colored soldiers; dats de way dey
+come to town.
+
+I married first Almeta Harris. I had six children by her. Second, I
+married Mary Jones. She is my wife now. We had six children. My wife is
+now 65 years old and she has to support me. I am done give out too much
+to work any more.
+
+Yes sir, that I have seen de patterollers, but my old boss didn't 'low
+'em to whup his niggers. Marster give his men passes.
+
+I know when de Ku Klux was here, but I don't know much about 'em.
+
+I thought slavery wus a bad thing' cause all slaves did not fare alike.
+It wus all right for some, but bad for some, so it wus a bad thing.
+
+I joined the church because I got religion and thought the church might
+help me keep it.
+
+I think Abraham Lincoln wus a good man, but I likes Mr. Roosevelt; he is
+a good man, a good man.
+
+AC
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District:     No. 2               [320048]
+Worker:             T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:          922
+Subject:            WILLIAM GEORGE HINTON
+Person Interviewed: William George Hinton
+Editor:             G. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: HW Date: "8/31/37"]
+
+WILLIAM GEORGE HINTON
+Star Street, R. F. D. #2, Box 171
+
+
+I was born in Wake County in de year 1859. August 28th. I 'members
+seeing de Yankees, it seems like a dream. One come along ridin' a mule.
+Dey sed he wus a Yankee bummer, a man dat went out raging on peoples
+things. He found out whur the things wus located an' carried the rest
+there. The bummers stole for de army, chickens, hogs, an' anything they
+could take. Atter de bummer come along in a few minutes de whole place
+wus crowded wid Yankees. De blue coats wus everywhere I could look.
+
+Marster didn't have but five slaves, an' when de Yankees come dere wus
+only me an' my oldest sister dere. All de white folks had left except
+missus and her chillun. Her baby wus only three weeks ole then.
+
+A Yankee come to my oldest sister an' said, 'Whur is dem horses?' He
+pulled out a large pistol an' sed, 'Tell me whur dem horses is or I will
+take your damn sweet life.' Marster hid de horses an' sister didn't
+know, she stuck to it she didn't know an' de Yankees didn't shoot.
+
+Dey come back, de whole crowd, de next day an' made marster bring in his
+horses. Bey took de horses an' bought some chickens an' paid for 'em,
+den dey killed an' took de rest. Ha! ha! dey shore done dat. Paid for
+some an' took de rest.
+
+I seed de Yankees atter de surrender. Dey wus staying at de ole Soldiers
+Home on New Bern Avenue. One day mother carried me there to sell to 'em.
+One time she went there an' she had a rooster who wus a game. His eyes
+wus out from fighting another game rooster belonging to another person
+near our home, Mr. Emory Sewell. She carried de rooster in where dere
+wus a sick Yankee. De Yankee took him in his hands an' de rooster
+crowed. He give mother thirty-five cents for him. De Yankee said if he
+could crow an' his eyes out he wanted him. He said, he called dat spunk.
+
+Dere wus a man who wus a slave dat belonged to Mr. Kerney Upchurch come
+along riding a mule. My oldest sister, de one de Yankees threatened,
+tole him de Yankees are up yonder. He said, 'Dad lim de Yankees.' He
+went on, when he got near de Yankees dey tole him to halt.' Instead of
+haltin' he sold out runnin' the mule fur de ole field. Der wus a gang of
+young fox hounds dere. When he lit out on de mule, dey thought he wus
+goin' huntin' so dey took out atter him, jest like dey wus atter a fox.
+Some of de Yankees shot at him, de others just almost died a laughin'.
+
+We didn't git much to eat. Mother said it wus missus fault, she was so
+stingy.
+
+We had homemade clothes an' wooden bottom shoes for de grown folks, but
+chillun did not wear shoes den, dey went barefooted.
+
+All de slaves lived in one house built about one hundred yards from the
+great house, marsters house wus called the great house.
+
+My father wus named Robin Hinton an' my mother wus named Dafney Hinton.
+My father belonged to Betsy Ransom Hinton an' mother belonged first to
+Reddin Cromb in Lenoir County an' then to James Thompson of Wake County.
+I wus borned after mother wus brought to Wake County. Marster had one
+boy named Beuregard, four girls, Caroline, Alice, Lena and Nellie. I do
+not remember my grandparents.
+
+I saw a slave named Lucinda, sold to ole man Askew, a speculator, by
+Kerney Upchurch. I seed 'em carry her off.
+
+One of de slave men who belonged to ole man Burl Temples wus sent to
+wurk for Mr. Temples' son who had married. His missus put him to totin'
+water before goin' to wurk in de mornin'. Three other slaves toted water
+also. He refused to tote water an' ran. She set de blood hounds atter
+him an' caught him near his home, which wus his ole marster's house. Ole
+marster's son come out, an' wouldn't let 'em whup him, an' they wouldn't
+make him go back.
+
+Missus Harriet Temples wus a terrible 'oman, a slave jest couldn't suit
+her. De slave dat run away from young marster wus finally sent back.
+His marster give him a shoulder of meat before he left. He hung it in a
+tree. Missus tole him to put it in the smoke house. He refused, sayin'
+he would see it no more.
+
+A slave by the name of Sallie Temples run away 'cause her missus, Mary
+Temples, wus so mean to her. She stuck hot irons to her. Made 'em drink
+milk an' things for punishment is what my mother an' father said. Sallie
+never did come back. Nobody never did know what become of her.
+
+Soon as de war wus over father an' mother left dere marsters. Dey went
+to Mr. Tom Bridgers. We lived on de farm atter dis. Mother cooked,
+sister an' I worked on de farm. Sister plowed like a man. De first help
+my mammy got wus from de Yankees, it wus pickle meat an' hardtack. I wus
+wid her an' dey took me in an' give me some clothes. Mother drawed from
+'em a long time. We have farmed most our lives. Sometimes we worked as
+hirelings and den as share croppers. I think slavery wus a bad thing.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320116]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      465
+Subject:        Eustace Hodges
+Story Teller:   Eustace Hodges
+Editor:         Geo. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 6 1937"]
+
+EUSTACE HODGES
+
+An interview with Eustace Hodges, 76 years old, of 625 W. Lenoir Street,
+Raleigh, North Carolina.
+
+
+I doan know when I wus borned, ner where but at fust my mammy an' me
+'longed ter a McGee here in Wake County. My mammy wurked in de fiel's
+den, ditchin' an' such, even plowin' while we 'longed ter McGee, but he
+sold us ter Mr. Rufus Jones. My daddy still 'longed ter him but at de
+close of de war he comed ter Mr. Jones' plantation an' he tuck de name
+of Jones 'long wid us.
+
+Marse Rufus wus gooder dan Marse McGee, dey said. He give us more ter
+eat an' wear an' he ain't make us wurk so hard nother. We had our wurk
+ter do, of course, but mammy ain't had ter ditch ner plow no mo'. She
+wurked in de house den, an' none of de wimmen done men's wurk. Course
+she can't wurk so hard an' have 'leben chilluns too. She had a baby one
+day an' went ter wurk de nex' while she 'longed ter McGee, but at Marse
+Rufus' she stayed in de bed seberal days an' had a doctor.
+
+Marse Rufus uster let us take Sadday evenin' off an' go swimmin' er
+fishin' er go ter Raleigh. I 'members dat somebody in town had a fuss
+wid Marse Rufus 'bout lettin' his niggers run loose in town. Marse Rufus
+atter dat had a oberseer in town ter see 'bout his niggers.
+
+I got a whuppin' once fer punchin' out a frog's eyes. Miss Sally giv'
+hit ter me long wid a lecture 'bout bein' kin' ter dumb brutes, but I
+ain't neber seed whar a frog am a brute yit.
+
+Yes'um I heard a heap 'bout de Yankees but I ain't prepared fer dere
+takin' eben our bread. Miss Sally ain't prepared nother an' she tells'
+em whar ter go, den she goes ter bed sick. I wus sorry fer Miss Sally,
+dat I wus.
+
+De day dat news of de surrender come Miss Sally cried some more an' she
+ain't wanted mammy ter go, so Marse Rufus said dat we can stay on. Dey
+said dat Mister McGee runned his niggers offen his place wid a bresh
+broom dat day.
+
+Atter de war we stayed on Marse Rufus' place till 1898 when pa died. I
+had married a feller by de name of Charlie Hodges, what lived on a
+nearby plantation an' we wus livin' on Marse Rufus' place wid pa an' ma.
+We moved ter Raleigh den an' atter seberal years mammy moved hear too.
+You can fin' her on Cannon Street, but I'll tell you dat she's pretty
+puny now, since her stroke.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320195]
+Worker:         Mrs. Edith S. Hibbs
+                and Mrs. W. N. Harriss
+No. Words:      795
+Subject:        Alex Huggins' Story
+Interviewed:    Alex Huggins,
+                920 Dawson St, Wilmington, N. C.
+Edited:         Mrs. W. N. Harriss
+
+[TR: No Date Stamp]
+
+STORY OF ALEX HUGGINS, EX-SLAVE
+
+920 Dawson Street, Wilmington, N. C.
+
+
+I was born in New Bern on July 9, 1850. My father and mother belonged to
+Mr. L. B. Huggins. My father was a carpenter and ship builder an' the
+first things I remember was down on Myrtle Grove Sound, where Mr.
+Huggins had a place. I was a sort of bad boy an' liked to roam 'round.
+When I was about twelve years old I ran away. It was in 1863 when the
+war was goin' on.
+
+Nobody was bein' mean to me. No, I was'nt bein' whipped. Don't you know
+all that story 'bout slaves bein' whipped is all _Bunk_, (with scornful
+emphasis). What pusson with any sense is goin' to take his horse or his
+cow an' beat it up. It's prope'ty. We was prope'ty. Val'able prope'ty.
+No, indeed, Mr. Luke give the bes' of attention to his colored people,
+an' Mis' Huggins was like a mother to my mother. Twa'nt anythin' wrong
+about home that made me run away. I'd heard so much talk 'bout freedom I
+reckon I jus' wanted to try it, an' I thought I had to get away from
+home to have it.
+
+Well, I coaxed two other boys to go with me, an' a grown man he got the
+boat an' we slipped off to the beach an' put out to sea. Yes'm, we sho'
+was after adventure. But, we did'n get very far out from sho', an' I saw
+the lan' get dimmer an' dimmer, when I got skeered, an' then I got
+seasick, an' we was havin' more kinds of adventure than we wanted, an'
+then we saw some ships. There was two of 'em, an' they took us on board.
+
+They was the North Star an' the Eastern Star of the Aspinwal Line, a
+mail an' freighter runnin' between Aspinwal near the Isthmus of Panama
+and New York. We used to put in off Charleston.
+
+Then, in 1864 I joined the Union Navy. Went on board our convoy, the
+Nereus. We convoyed to keep the Alabama, a Confederate privateer, away.
+The Commander of the Nereus asked me how's I like to be his cabin boy.
+So I was 2nd class cabin boy an' waited on the Captain. He was Five
+Stripe Commander J. C. Howell. He was Commander of the whole fleet off
+Fort Fisher. When the Captain wanted somethin' good to eat he used to
+send me ashore for provisions. He liked me. He was an old man. He didn't
+take much stock in fun, but he was a real man. I was young an' was'nt
+serious. I jus' wanted a good time. I don't know much about the war, but
+I do know two men of our boat was killed on shore while we was at Fort
+Fisher.
+
+After the battle of Fort Fisher, we was on our way to Aspinwal. Layin'
+off one day at Navassa Island, the Mast Head reported a strange sail.
+'Where away?' 'Just ahead'. 'She seems to be a three mast steamer!'
+'Which way headed?' We decided it was the Alabama going to St. Nicholas
+Mole, West Indies.
+
+Our Captain called the officers together an' held a meetin'. Says he:
+'We'll go under one bell (slow). Lieutenant will go ashore an' get some
+information.' When we got there she had a coal schooner alongside taking
+on coal. Our Captain prepared to capture her when she came out. But she
+did'n come out 'til night. She dodged. Good thing too. She'd a knocked
+hells pete out o' us. She was close to the water and could have fought
+us so much better than we could her. We didn't want to fight 'cause we
+knowed enough to jest natu'ally be skeered. She was a one decker man o'
+war. We was a two decker with six guns on berth deck, an' five guns on
+spar deck. I never saw her after that, but I heard she was contacted by
+the Kearsage which sunk her off some island.
+
+I stayed in the navy eighteen months. Was discharged at the Brooklyn
+Navy Yard. Admiral Porter was Admiral of the U. S. Navy at that time.
+
+I stayed in New York five or six years, then I cane home to my mother. I
+was in the crude drug business in Wilmington for twenty years.
+
+Yes'm I went to church and Sunday school when I was a child, when they
+could ketch me. Whilst I was in New York I went to church regular.
+
+I married after awhile. My wife died about ten years ago. We had one
+son. I b'lieve he's in Baltimore, but I ain't heard from him in a long
+time. He don't keer nothin' about me. Of co'se I'm comfortable. I gits
+my pension, $75 a month. I give $10 of it to my nephew who's a cripple.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                    [320124]
+Worker:         T. Pat Matthews
+No. Words:      645
+Subject:        CHARLIE H. HUNTER
+Story Teller:   C. H. Hunter
+Editor:         Geo. L. Andrews
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "AUG 4 1937"]
+
+CHARLIE H. HUNTER, 80 years old,
+2213 Barker Street
+West Raleigh
+
+
+My full name is Charlie H. Hunter. I wus borned an' reared in Wake
+County, N. C., born May, 1857. My mother wus Rosa Hunter an' my father
+wus named Jones. I never saw my father. We belonged to a family named
+Jones first, an' then we wus sold to a slave owner seven miles Northwest
+by the name Joe Hayes an' a terrible man he wus. He would get mad 'bout
+most anything, take my mother, chain her down to a log and whup her
+unmercifully while I, a little boy, could do nothing but stan' there an'
+cry, an' see her whupped. We had fairly good food an' common clothing.
+We had good sleeping places. My mother wus sold to a man named Smith. I
+married first Annie Hayes who lived sixteen months.
+
+No prayer meetings wus allowed on de plantations an' no books of any
+kind. I can read an' write, learned in a school taught by Northern folks
+after the surrender, Mr. an' Mrs. Graves who taught in Raleigh in the
+rear of the African Methodist Episcopal church. The school house wus
+owned by the church. We played no games in slavery times. I saw slaves
+sold on the block once in Raleigh.
+
+I wus to be sold but the surrender stopped it. When the Yankees come
+they asked me where wus my marster. I told them I didn't know. Marster
+told me not to tell where he wus. He had gone off into the woods to hide
+his silver. In a few minutes the ground wus covered with Yankees. The
+Yankees stole my pen knife. I thought a lot of it. Knives wus scarce and
+hard to get. I cried about they taking it. They got my marster's
+carriage horses, two fine gray horses. His wife had lost a brother, who
+had been in the army but died at home. He wus buried in the yard. The
+Yankees thought the grave wus a place where valuables wus buried and
+they had to get a guard to keep them from diggin' him up. They would
+shoot hogs, cut the hams and shoulders off, stick them on their
+bayonetts, throw them over the'r shoulders an' go on.
+
+We called our houses shanties in slavery time. I never saw any
+patterollers. I don't remember how many slaves on the plantation wus
+taken to Richmond an' sold. My mother looked after us when we wus sick.
+I had four brothers an' no sisters. They are all dead. I did house work
+an' errands in slavery time. I have seen one gang of Ku Klux. They wus
+under arrest at Raleigh in Governor Holden's time. I don't remember the
+overseer.
+
+We moved to Raleigh at the surrender. Marster give us a old mule when we
+left him, an' I rode him into Raleigh. We rented a house on Wilmington
+Street, an' lived on hard tack the Yankees give us 'til we could git
+work.
+
+Mother went to cooking for the white folks, but I worked for Mr. Jeff
+Fisher. I held a job thirty-five years driving a laundry truck for L. R.
+Wyatt. The laundry wus on the corner of Jones an' Salisbury Street.
+
+I married Cenoro Freeman. We lived together fifty-six years. She wus a
+good devoted wife. We wus married Dec. 9, 1878. She died in May
+1934. [HW: bracket] Booker T. Washington wus a good man. I have seen him.
+Abraham Lincoln wus one of my best friends. He set me free. The Lawd is
+my best friend. I don't know much 'bout Jefferson Davis. Jim Young an'
+myself wus pals.
+
+My object in joining the church wus to help myself an' others to live a
+decent life, a life for good to humanity an' for God.
+
+
+
+
+N. C. District: No. 2                   [320154]
+Worker:         Mary A. Hicks
+No. Words:      670
+Subject:        EX-SLAVE STORY
+Story Teller:   Elbert Hunter
+Editor:         Daisy Bailey Waitt
+
+[TR: Date Stamp "JUN 1 1937"]
+
+EX-SLAVE STORY
+
+An interview on May 19, 1937 with Elbert Hunter of Method, N. C., 93
+years old.
+
+
+I wuz borned eight miles from Raleigh on de plantation of Mr. Jacob
+Hunter in 1844. My parents were Stroud and Lucy an' my brothers wuz Tom,
+Jeems an' Henderson. I had three sisters who wuz named Caroline, Emiline
+an' Ann.
+
+Massa Hunter wuz good to us, an' young Massa Knox wuz good too. My mammy
+wuz de cook an' my pappy wuz a field hand. Massa ain't 'lowed no
+patterollers on his place, but one time when he wuzn't ter home my mammy
+sent me an' Caroline ter de nex' door house fer something an' de
+patterollers got us. Dey carried us home an' 'bout de time dat dey wuz
+axin' questions young Massa Knox rid up.
+
+He look dem over an' he sez, 'Git off dese premises dis minute, yo'
+dad-limb sorry rascals, if us needs yo' we'll call yo'. 'My pappy
+patterolls dis place hisself.'
+
+Dey left den, an' we ain't been bothered wid 'em no more.
+
+I toted water 'fore de war, minded de sheeps, cows and de geese; an' I
+ain't had many whuppin's neither. Dar wuz one thing dat massa ain't
+'low an' dat wuz drinkin' 'mong his niggers.
+
+Dar wuz a ole free issue named Denson who digged ditches fer massa an'
+he always brung long his demijohn wid his whiskey. One ebenin' Missus
+tells me an' Caroline ter go ter de low groun's an' git up de cows an'
+on de way we fin' ole man Denson's demijohn half full of whiskey.
+Caroline sez ter lets take er drink an' so we does, an' terreckly I gits
+wobbly in de knees.
+
+Dis keeps on till I has ter lay down an' when I wakes up I am at home.
+Dey says dat Massa Jacob totes me, an' dat he fusses wid Denson fer
+leavin' de whiskey whar I can fin' it. He give me a talkin' to, an' I
+ain't neber drunk no more.
+
+When we hyard dat de Yankees wuz comin' ole massa an' me takes de cattle
+an' hosses way down in de swamp an' we stays dar wid dem fer seberal
+days. One day I comes ter de house an' dar dey am, shootin' chickens an'
+pigs an' everthing. I'se seed dem cut de hams off'n a live pig or ox an'
+go off leavin' de animal groanin'. De massa had 'em kilt den, but it wuz
+awful.
+
+Dat night dey went away but de nex' day a bigger drove come an' my mammy
+cooked fer 'em all day long. Dey killed an' stold ever'thing, an' at
+last ole massa went to Raleigh an' axed fer a gyard. Atter we got de
+gyard de fuss ceased. One of de officers what spent de night dar lost
+his pocket book an' in it wuz seven greenback dollars, de fust I eber
+seed.
+
+We wuz glad ter be free even do' we had good white folks. De wuck hours
+wuz frum daybreak till dark, an' de wimmens had ter card an' spin so
+much eber night. We had our own chickens an' gyarden an' little ways of
+makin' money, but not so much fun.
+
+We played cat, which wuz like base ball now, only different. De children
+played a heap but de grown folks wucked hard. De cruelest thing I eber
+seed wuz in Raleigh atter slavery time, an' dat wuz a nigger whuppin'.
+
+De pillory wuz whar de co'rthouse am now an' de sheriff, Mr. Ray whupped
+dat nigger till he bled.
+
+I neber seed a slave sale, an' I neber seed much whuppin's. I larned
+some long wid de white chilluns, 'specially how ter spell.
+
+No mam, I doan know nothin' 'bout witches, but I seed a ghos'. Hit wuz
+near hyar, an' hit wuz a animal as big as a yearlin' wid de look of a
+dog. I can't tell you de color of it case I done left frum dar.
+
+B. N.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Slave Narratives: a Folk History of
+Slavery in the United States, by Various
+
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