194 files changed, 20732 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/22834-8.txt b/22834-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0a7c07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6461 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora, by 
+Edward Edwards and George Hamilton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora
+       Despatched to Arrest the Mutineers of the 'Bounty' in the
+       South Seas, 1790-1791
+
+Author: Edward Edwards
+        George Hamilton
+
+Commentator: Basil Thomson
+
+Release Date: October 2, 2007 [EBook #22834]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VOYAGE OF H.M.S. PANDORA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the booksmiths at
+http://www.eBookForge.net
+
+
+
+
+
+VOYAGE OF
+
+H.M.S. 'PANDORA'
+
+DESPATCHED TO ARREST THE MUTINEERS OF
+THE 'BOUNTY' IN THE SOUTH SEAS, 1790-91
+
+BEING THE NARRATIVES OF
+
+CAPTAIN EDWARD EDWARDS, R.N.
+
+THE COMMANDER
+
+AND
+
+GEORGE HAMILTON
+
+THE SURGEON
+
+WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY
+
+BASIL THOMSON
+
+LONDON
+FRANCIS EDWARDS
+83 HIGH STREET, MARYLEBONE
+1915
+
+
+CONTENTS
+                                                    PAGE
+
+INTRODUCTION                                           1
+CAPTAIN EDWARDS' REPORTS                              27
+A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD                              91
+    VOYAGE FROM OTAHEITE TO ANAMOOKA                 121
+    VOYAGE FROM ANAMOOKA, WITH AN ACCOUNT
+        OF THE LOSS OF THE _PANDORA_                 136
+    VOYAGE FROM THE WRECK TO THE ISLAND OF TIMOR     147
+    OCCURRENCES AT COUPANG; VOYAGE TO BATAVIA,
+        ETC.; ARRIVAL IN ENGLAND                     160
+INDEX                                                173
+    MAP OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN, SHOWING THE COURSE
+        FOLLOWED BY H.M.S. _PANDORA_ IN 1791
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+NONE of the minor incidents in our naval history has inspired so many
+writers as the Mutiny of the _Bounty_. Histories, biographies and
+romances, from Bligh's narrative in 1790 to Mr. Becke's "Mutineers" in
+1898, have been founded upon it; Byron took it for the theme of the least
+happy of his dramatic poems; and all these, not because the mutiny left
+any mark upon history, but because it ranks first among the stories of
+the sea, instinct with the living elements of romance, of primal passion
+and of tragedy--all moving to a happy ending in the Arcadia of Pitcairn
+Island. And yet, while every incident in the moving story, even to the
+evidence in the famous court-martial, has been discussed over and over
+again, there has been lying in the Record Office for more than a century
+an autograph manuscript, written by one of the principal actors in the
+drama, which no one has thought it worth while to print.
+
+Though the story of the mutiny is too well known to need repeating in
+detail, it is necessary to set forth as briefly as possible its relation
+to the history of maritime discovery in the Pacific. In the year 1787,
+ten years after the death of Captain Cook in Hawaii, a number of West
+India merchants in London, stirred by the glowing reports of the natural
+wealth of the South Sea Islands brought home by Dampier and Cook,
+petitioned the government to acclimatize the bread-fruit in Jamaica. A
+ship of 215 tons was purchased into the service and fitted out under the
+direct superintendence of Sir Joseph Banks, who named her the _Bounty_,
+and recommended William Bligh, one of Cook's officers, for the command.
+It was a new departure. The object of most of the earlier government
+expeditions to the South Seas had been the advancement of geographical
+science and natural history; the voyage of the _Bounty_ was to turn
+former discoveries to the profit of the empire.
+
+Bligh was singularly ill-fitted for the command. While he had undoubted
+ability, his whole career shows him to have been wanting in the tact and
+temper without which no one can successfully lead men; and in this
+venture his own defects were aggravated by the inefficiency of his
+officers. He took in his cargo of bread-fruit trees at Tahiti, and there
+was no active insubordination until he reached Tonga on the homeward
+voyage. At sunrise on April 28th, 1789, the crew mutinied under the
+leadership of Fletcher Christian, the Master's Mate, whom Bligh's
+ungoverned temper had provoked beyond endurance. The seamen had other
+motives. Bligh had kept them far too long at Tahiti, and during the five
+months they had spent at the island, every man had formed a connection
+among the native women, and had enjoyed a kind of life that contrasted
+sharply with the lot of bluejackets a century ago. Forcing Bligh, and
+such of their shipmates as were loyal to him, into the launch, and
+casting them adrift with food and water barely sufficient for a week's
+subsistence, they set the ship's course eastward, crying "Huzza for
+Tahiti!" There followed an open boat voyage that is unexampled in
+maritime history. The boat was only 23 feet long; the weight of eighteen
+men sank her almost to the gunwale; the ocean before them was unknown,
+and teeming with hidden dangers; their only arms against hostile natives
+were a few cutlasses, their only food two ounces of biscuit each a day;
+and yet they ran 3618 nautical miles in forty-one days, and reached Timor
+with the loss of only one man, and he was killed by the natives at the
+very outset.
+
+The mutineers fared as mutineers have always fared. Having sailed the
+ship to Tahiti, they fell out among themselves, half taking the _Bounty_
+to the uninhabited island of Pitcairn, where they were discovered
+twenty-seven years later, and half remaining at Tahiti. Of these two were
+murdered, four were drowned in the wreck of the _Pandora_, three were
+hanged in England, and six were pardoned, one living to become a
+post-captain in the navy, another to be gunner on the _Blenheim_ when she
+foundered with Sir Thomas Troubridge.
+
+One boat voyage only is recorded as being longer than Bligh's. In 1536
+Diego Botelho Pereira made the passage from Portuguese India to Lisbon in
+a native _fusta_, or lateen rigged boat, but a little larger than
+Bligh's. He had, however, covered her with a deck, and provisioned her
+for the venture, and he was able to replenish his stock at various points
+on the voyage.
+
+In 1790 the publication of Bligh's account of his sufferings excited the
+strongest public sympathy, and the Admiralty lost no time in fitting out
+an expedition to search for the mutineers, and bring them home to
+punishment. The _Pandora_, frigate, of 24 guns, was commissioned for the
+purpose, and manned by 160 men, composed largely of landsmen, for every
+trained seaman in the navy had gone to man the great fleet then
+assembling at Portsmouth under Lord Howe. Captain Edward Edwards, the
+officer chosen for the command, had a high reputation as a seaman and a
+disciplinarian, and from the point of view of the Admiralty, who intended
+the cruise simply as a police mission without any scientific object, no
+better choice could have been made. Their orders to him were to proceed
+to Tahiti, and, not finding the mutineers there, to visit the different
+groups of the Society and Friendly Islands, and the others in the
+neighbouring parts of the Pacific, using his best endeavours to seize and
+bring home in confinement the whole, or such part of the delinquents as
+he might be able to discover. "You are," the orders ran, "to keep the
+mutineers as closely confined as may preclude all possibility of their
+escaping, having, however, proper regard to the preservation of their
+lives, that they may be brought home to undergo the punishment due to
+their demerits." Edwards belonged to that useful class of public servant
+that lives upon instructions. With a roving commission in an ocean
+studded with undiscovered islands the possibilities of scientific
+discovery were immense, but he faced them like a blinkered horse that has
+his eyes fixed on the narrow track before him, and all the pleasant
+byways of the road shut out. A cold, hard man, devoid of sympathy and
+imagination, of every interest beyond the straitened limits of his
+profession, Edwards in the eye of posterity was almost the worst man that
+could have been chosen. For, with a different commander, the voyage would
+have been one of the most important in the history of South Sea
+discovery, and the account he has written of it compares in style and
+colour with a log-book.
+
+In Edwards' place a more genial man, a Catoira, a Wallis, or a Cook,
+would have written a journal of discovery that might have taken a place
+in the front rank of the literature of travel. He would have investigated
+the murder of La Pérouse's boat's crew in Tutuila on the spot; he would
+have rescued the survivors of that ill-fated expedition whose
+smoke-signals he saw on Vanikoro; he would have brought home news of the
+great Fiji group through which Bligh passed in the _Bounty's_ launch; he
+might even have discovered Fletcher Christian's colony of mutineers in
+Pitcairn. But, on the other hand, humanity to his prisoners might have
+furnished them with the means of escape, and his ardour for discovery
+might have led him into dangers from which no one would have survived to
+tell the tale. Edwards had the qualities of his defects. If he treated
+his prisoners harshly, he prevented them from contaminating his crew, and
+brought the majority of them home alive through all the perils of
+shipwreck and famine. In all the attacks that have been made upon him
+there is not a word against his character as a plain, straight-forward
+officer, who could lick a crew of landsmen into shape, and keep them
+loyal to him through the stress of shipwreck and privation. If he was
+callous to the sufferings of his prisoners, he was at least as
+indifferent to his own. If he felt no sympathy with others, he asked for
+none with himself. If he won no love, he compelled respect.
+
+Of his officers little need be said. Corner, the first lieutenant, was a
+stout seaman, who bottled up his disapproval of his captain's behaviour
+until the commission was out. Hayward, the second lieutenant, was a
+time-server. He had been a midshipman on the _Bounty_ at the time of the
+mutiny, and an intimate friend of young Peter Heywood who was constrained
+to cast in his lot with the mutineers, yet, when Heywood gave himself up
+on the arrival of the _Pandora_ at Tahiti, his old comrade, now risen in
+the world, received him with a haughty stare. Of Larkin, Passmore, and
+the rest, we know nothing.
+
+Fortunately for us, the _Pandora_ carried a certain rollicking,
+irresponsible person as surgeon. George Hamilton has been called "a
+coarse, vulgar, and illiterate man, more disposed to relate licentious
+scenes and adventures, in which he and his companions were engaged, than
+to give any information of proceedings and occurrences connected with
+the main object of the voyage." From this puritanical criticism most
+readers will dissent. Hamilton was bred in Northumberland, and was at
+this time past forty. His portrait, the frontispiece to his book,
+represents him in the laced coat and powdered wig of the period, a man of
+middle age, with clever, well-cut features, and a large, humorous, and
+rather sensual mouth. His book, with all its faults of scandalous plain
+speech, is one that few naval surgeons of that day could have written.
+The style, though flippant, is remarkable for a cynical but always
+good-natured humour, and on the rare occasions when he thought it
+professionally incumbent on him to be serious, as in his discussion of
+the best dietary for long voyages, and the physical effects of
+privations, his remarks display observation and good sense. It must be
+admitted, I fear, that he relates certain of his own and his shipmates'
+adventures ashore with shameless gusto, but he wrote in an age that loved
+plain speech, and that did not care to veil its appetite for licence.
+Like Edwards, he tells us little of the prisoners after they were
+consigned to "Pandora's Box." His narrative is valuable as a commentary
+on Edwards' somewhat meagre report, and for the sidelights which it
+throws upon the manners of naval officers of those days. Even Edwards, to
+whom he is always loyal, does not escape his little shaft of satire when
+he relates how the stern captain was driven to conduct prayers in the
+most desperate portion of the boat voyage. His book, published at Berwick
+in 1793, has now become so rare that Mr. Quaritch lately advertised for
+it three times without success, and therefore no excuse is needed for
+reprinting it.
+
+The _Pandora_ was dogged by ill luck from the first. An epidemic fever
+raging in England at the time of her departure, was introduced on board,
+it was thought, by infected clothing. The sick bay, and indeed, the
+officers' cabins, too, were crammed with stores intended for the return
+voyage of the _Bounty_, and there was no accommodation for the sick.
+Hamilton attributes their recovery to the use of tea and sugar, then
+carried for the first time in a ship of war. He gives some interesting
+information regarding the precautions taken against scurvy. They had
+essence of malt and hops for brewing beer, a mill for grinding wheat, the
+meal being eaten with brown sugar, and as much saurkraut as the crew
+chose to eat.
+
+The first land sighted after rounding Cape Horn, was Ducie's island;
+probably the same island which, as the Encarnacion of Quiros, has dodged
+about the charts of the old geographers, swelling into a continent,
+contracting into an atoll, and finally coming to rest in the
+neighbourhood of the Solomon Islands before vanishing for ever. The
+_Pandora_ was now in the latitude of Pitcairn, which lay down wind only
+three hundred miles distant. If she had but kept a westerly course, she
+must have sighted it, for the island's peak is visible for many leagues,
+but relentless ill fortune turned her northward, and during the ensuing
+day she passed the men she was in search of scarce thirty leagues away.
+One glimmer of good fortune awaited Edwards in Tahiti. The schooner built
+by the mutineers was ready for sea, but not provisioned for a voyage. She
+put to sea, and outsailed the _Pandora's_ boat that went in chase of her,
+but her crew, dreading the inevitable starvation that faced them, put
+back during the night and took to the mountains, where they were all
+captured.
+
+In the matter of "Pandora's Box," there were excuses for Edwards, who was
+bitterly attacked afterwards for his inhumanity. One of the chiefs had
+warned him that there was a plot between the natives and the mutineers to
+cut the cable of the _Pandora_ in the night. Most of the mutineers were
+connected through their women with influential chiefs, and nothing was
+more likely than that such a rescue should be attempted. His own crew,
+moreover, were human. They could see for themselves the charms of a life
+in Tahiti; they could hear from the prisoners the consideration in which
+Englishmen were held in this delightful land. What had been possible in
+the _Bounty_ was possible in the _Pandora_. Edwards regarded his
+prisoners as pirates, desperate with the weight of the rope about their
+necks. His orders were definite--to consider nothing but the preservation
+of their lives--and he did his duty in his own way according to his
+lights. And that he was not insensible to every feeling of humanity is
+shown by the fact that he allowed the native wives of the mutineers daily
+access to their husbands while the ship lay there. The infinitely
+pathetic story of poor "Peggy," the beautiful Tahitian girl who had borne
+a child to midshipman Stewart, was vouched for six years later by the
+missionaries of the "Duff." She had to be separated from her husband by
+force, and it was at his request that she was not again admitted to the
+ship. Poor girl! it was all her life to her. A month before her
+boy-husband perished in the wreck of the _Pandora_, she had died of a
+broken heart, leaving her baby, the first half-caste born in Tahiti, to
+be brought up by the missionaries.
+
+"Pandora's Box" certainly needed some excuse. A round house, eleven feet
+long, accessible only through a scuttle in the roof, was built upon the
+quarter deck as a prison for the fourteen mutineers, who were ironed and
+handcuffed. Hamilton says that the roundhouse was built partly out of
+consideration for the prisoners themselves, in order to spare them the
+horrors of prolonged imprisonment below in the tropics, and that although
+the service regulations restricted prisoners to two-thirds allowance,
+Edwards rationed them exactly like the ship's company. Morrison,
+however, who seems to have belonged to that objectionable class of
+seamen--the sea-lawyer--having kept a journal of grievances against Bligh
+when on the _Bounty_, and preserved it even in "Pandora's Box," gives a
+very different account, and Peter Heywood, a far more trustworthy
+witness, declared in a letter to his mother, that they were kept "with
+both hands and both legs in irons, and were obliged to eat, drink, sleep,
+and obey the calls of nature, without ever being allowed to get out of
+this den."
+
+Edwards now provisioned the mutineers' little schooner, and put on board
+of her a prize crew of two petty officers and seven men to navigate her
+as his tender. For the first few weeks, while the scent was keen, he
+maintained a very active search for the _Bounty_. He had three clues:
+first, the mention of Aitutaki in a story the mutineers had told the
+natives to account for their reappearance; second, a report made to him
+by Hillbrant, one of his prisoners, that Christian, on the night before
+he left Tahiti, had declared his intention of settling on Duke of York's
+Island; and third, the discovery on Palmerston Island of the _Bounty's_
+driver yard, much worm-eaten from long immersion. It must be confessed
+that hopes founded on these clues did little credit to Edwards'
+intelligence. Aitutaki, having been discovered by Bligh, was the last
+place Christian would have chosen: he might have guessed that a man of
+Christian's intelligence would intentionally have given a false account
+of his projects to the mutineers he left behind, knowing that even if all
+who were set adrift in the boat had perished, the story of the mutiny
+would be learned by the first ship that visited Tahiti; a worm-eaten spar
+lying on the tide-mark, at an island situated directly down-wind from the
+Society Islands, so far from proving that the _Bounty_ had been there,
+indicated the exact contrary. But it is to be remembered that at this
+time the islands known to exist in the Pacific could almost be counted on
+the fingers, and that Edwards could not have hoped, within the limits of
+a single cruise, to examine even the half of those that were marked in
+his chart. Had he suspected the existence of the vast number of islands
+around him, he would at once have realised the hopelessness of attempting
+to discover the hiding-place of an able navigator bent on concealment.
+Whether, as has been suggested by one writer,[10-1] Christian was piloted
+to Pitcairn by his Tahitian companions, of whom some were descended from
+the old native inhabitants, or had read of it in Carteret's voyage in
+1767, or had chanced upon it by accident, he could have followed no wiser
+course than to steer eastward, and upwind, for any vessel despatched to
+arrest him would perforce go first to Tahiti for information, when it
+would be too late to beat to the eastward without immense loss of time.
+
+From Aitutaki Edwards bore north-west to investigate the second clue, and
+in the Union Group he made his first important discovery of new
+land--Nukunono, inhabited by a branch of the Micronesian race, crossed
+with Polynesian blood. From thence he ran southward to Samoa, where he
+came upon traces of the massacre of La Pérouse's second in command, M. de
+Langle, in the shape of accoutrements cut from the uniforms of the French
+officers. Consistent with his usual concentration upon the object of his
+voyage, he does not seem to have cared to make enquiries about them.
+
+At this stage in the voyage there occurred an accident which, from our
+point of view, must be regarded as the most fortunate incident of the
+voyage. The tender, very imperfectly victualled, parted company in a
+thick shower of rain. At this date Fiji, the most important group in the
+South Pacific, was practically unknown. Tasman had sighted its
+north-eastern extremity: Cook had discovered Vatoa, an outlying island in
+the far southward, and had heard of it from the Tongans in his second
+voyage when he had not time to look for it; Bligh had passed through the
+heart of it in his boat voyage, and had even been chased by two canoes
+from Round Island, Yasawa; but no European had landed or held any
+intercourse with the natives. It is not easy to understand how islands of
+such magnitude as Fiji should have remained undiscovered so long after
+every other important group in the Pacific had found its place in the
+charts of the Pacific. They were known by repute; Hamilton writes of "the
+savage and cannibal Feegees"; they lay but two days' sail down-wind from
+Tonga. Three years before the _Pandora's_ cruise the Pacific had been
+thrown open to the sperm whale fishery, which has had so large a part in
+South Sea discovery, by the cruise of the English ship _Amelia_, fitted
+out by Enderby; and yet neither ship of war nor whaler had chanced upon
+them. But for a meagre passage in Edwards' journal, and a traditionary
+poem in the Fijian language, we should not know to whom belongs the
+honour of first visiting them. The native tradition sets forth that with
+the first visit of a European ship a devastating sickness, called the
+Great Lila, or "Wasting Sickness," attacked the people of one of the
+Eastern Islands (of the Lau group), and, spreading from island to island,
+swept away vast numbers of the people. There are, it may be remarked,
+innumerable instances in history of the contact between continental and
+island peoples, both of them healthy at the time of contact, producing
+fatal epidemics among the islanders. Even among our own Hebrides the
+natives are said to look for an outbreak of "Strangers' Cold" after every
+visit of a ship. The Fijian tradition certainly dates from a few years
+before the beginning of the last century.
+
+The real discoverers of Fiji seem to have been Oliver, master's mate;
+Renouard, midshipman; James Dodds, quartermaster, and six seamen of the
+_Pandora_, who formed the crew of Edwards' tender; and surely no ship
+that ever ventured among those dangerous islands was so ill furnished for
+repelling attack. Edwards had sent provisions and ammunition on board of
+her when off Palmerston Island, but by this time they were exhausted, and
+a fresh supply was actually on the _Pandora's_ deck when she parted
+company. Her provision for the long and dangerous voyage before her was a
+bag of salt, a bag of nails and ironware, a boarding netting, and several
+seven-barrelled pieces and blunderbusses. She had besides the latitude
+and longitude of the places the _Pandora_ would touch at.
+
+The following account of their cruise is drawn from the remarks of
+Edwards and Hamilton on finding the tender safe in Samarang, for I have
+searched the Record Office in vain for Oliver's log. If he kept any, it
+was not thought worth preserving. On the night the tender parted company,
+the 22nd June, 1791, the natives of the south-east end of Upolu made a
+determined attack upon the little vessel with their canoes. The
+seven-barrelled pieces made terrible havoc among them, but, never having
+seen fire-arms, and not understanding the connection between the fall of
+their comrades and the report, they kept up the attack with great fury.
+But for the boarding netting they would easily have taken the schooner,
+and indeed, one fellow succeeded in springing over it, and would have
+felled Oliver with his club had he not been shot dead at the moment of
+striking. On the 23rd they cruised about in search of the _Pandora_ until
+the afternoon when, having drunk their last drop of water, they gave her
+up, and made sail for Namuka, the appointed rendezvous. The torture they
+suffered from thirst on the passage was such that poor Renouard, the
+midshipman, became delirious, and continued so for many weeks. Their
+leeway and the easterly current combined to set them to the westward of
+Namuka, and the first land they made was Tofoa, which they mistook for
+Namuka, their rendezvous. The natives, the same that had attacked Bligh
+so treacherously two years before, sold them provisions and water, and
+then made an attempt to take the vessel, and would have succeeded but for
+the fire-arms. On the very day of the attack the _Pandora_ dropped anchor
+at Namuka, within sight of Tofoa, and not finding her tender, bore down
+upon that island. Had Oliver been able to wait there for her, his
+troubles would have been at an end. But he dared not take the risk, and
+when Edwards sent a boat ashore to make enquiries the little schooner had
+sailed. The reception accorded to Edwards at Tofoa is very characteristic
+of the Tongans. Lieutenant Hayward, who had been present at the attack
+made upon Bligh, recognised several of the murderers of Norton among the
+people who crowded on board to do homage to the great chief, Fatafehi,
+who had taken passage in the frigate, but Edwards dared not punish them
+for fear that his tender should fall among them after he had left. Had he
+but known that these men had come red-handed from a treacherous attack
+upon the tender; that Fatafehi, who so loudly condemned their treachery
+to Bligh, and assured him that nothing had been seen of the little
+vessel, had just heard of the abortive attack they had made upon her, he
+would have taught them a lesson that would have lasted the Tongans many
+years, and might have saved the lives of the Europeans who perished in
+the taking of the _Port-au-Prince_ and the _Duke of Portland_. For these
+"Norsemen of the Pacific," whom Cook, knowing nothing of the treachery
+they had planned against him under the guise of hospitality, misnamed the
+"Friendly Islanders," were, in reality, a nation of wreckers.
+
+Leaving Tofoa about July 1st, the schooner ran westward for two days
+"nearly in its latitude," and fell in with an island which Edwards
+supposed to be one of the Fiji group. The island of the Fiji group that
+lies most nearly in the latitude of Tofoa is Vatoa, discovered by Cook,
+but there are strong reasons for seeking Oliver's discoveries elsewhere.
+Vatoa lies only 170 miles from Tofoa, and, therefore, if Oliver took two
+days in reaching it, he cannot have been running at more than three knots
+an hour. But, early in July, the south-east trade wind is at its
+strongest, and with a fair wind a fast sailer, as we know the schooner to
+have been, cannot have been travelling at a slower rate than six knots.
+We are further told that Oliver waited five weeks at the island, and took
+in provisions and water. Now, in July, which is the middle of the dry
+season, no water is to be found on Vatoa except a little muddy and fetid
+liquid at the bottom of shallow wells which the natives, who rely upon
+coconuts for drinking water, only use for cooking. Provisions also are
+very scarce there at all times. The same objections apply to Ongea and
+Fulanga which lie fifty miles north of Vatoa, in the same longitude,
+though they certainly possess harbours in which a vessel could lie for
+five weeks, which Vatoa does not. If, however, the schooner ran at the
+rate of six knots, as may safely be assumed, all difficulties, except
+that of latitude, vanish together, for at the distance of 290 nautical
+miles from Tofoa lies Matuku, which with much justification has been
+described by Wilkes as the most beautiful of all the islands in the
+Pacific. There the natives live in perpetual plenty among perennial
+streams, and could victual the largest ship without feeling any
+diminution of their stock. In the harbour three frigates could lie in
+perfect safety, and the people have earned a reputation for honesty and
+hospitality to passing ships which belongs to the inhabitants of none of
+the large islands. There is another alternative--Kandavu--but to reach
+that island, the schooner must have run at an average of eleven knots,
+and the number and cupidity of the natives would have made a stay of five
+weeks impossible to a vessel so poorly manned and armed.
+
+All these considerations point to the fact that Oliver lay for five weeks
+at Matuku, which lies but fifty miles north of the latitude of Tofoa. He
+was, therefore, the first European who had intercourse with the Fijians.
+Their traditions have never been collected, and if one be found recording
+the insignificant details so dear to the native poet, such as the
+boarding netting, or the sickness of Midshipman Renouard, or better
+still, the outbreak of the Great Lila Sickness, the inference may be
+taken as proved.
+
+Any other navigator than Edwards would have given us details of Oliver's
+wonderful voyage, or, at least, would have preserved his log, but the
+voyage from Fiji to the Great Barrier reef is a blank. Hamilton, indeed,
+alludes vaguely to the crew having had to be on their guard "at other
+islands that were inhabited," and since their course from Fiji to
+Endeavour Straits would have carried them through the heart of the New
+Hebrides, and close to Malicolo, we may assume that they called at Api,
+at Ambrym or at Malicolo to replenish their stock of water. They reached
+the Great Barrier reef in the greatest distress, and having run "from
+shore to shore," _i.e._ from New Guinea to within sight of the coast of
+Queensland without finding an opening, and having to choose between the
+alternatives of shipwreck or of death by famine, they went boldly at it,
+and beat over the reef. Even then they would have starved but for their
+providential encounter with a small Dutch vessel cruising a little to the
+westward of Endeavour Straits, which supplied them with water and
+provisions. The governor of the first Dutch settlement they touched at,
+having a description of the mutineers from the British Government, and
+observing that their schooner was built of foreign timber, refused to
+believe their account of themselves, especially as Oliver, being a petty
+officer, could produce no commission or warrant in support of his
+statement, and imprisoned them all, without, however, treating them with
+harshness. On the first opportunity he sent them to Samarang, where
+Edwards had them released. The plucky little schooner was sold, to begin
+another career of usefulness as set forth in the footnote to p. 33, and
+her purchase money was divided among the _Pandora's_ crew.
+
+Thus ended one of the most eventful voyages in the history of South Sea
+discovery, dismissed by Edwards in a few lines; by Hamilton in two pages.
+The search made among the naval archives at the Record Office leaves but
+little hope that any log-book or journal has been preserved.
+
+Meanwhile, Edwards, disappointed in his search for the tender at Namuka
+and Tofoa, and prevented by a head wind from examining Tongatabu, set his
+course again for Samoa, and passed within sight of Vavau by the way.
+Making the easterly extremity of the group, he visited in turn Manua,
+Tutuila, and Upolu, but, like Bougainville, did not sight Savaii, which
+lay a little to the northward of his course. It is not surprising that
+the natives of Upolu denied all knowledge of the tender, seeing that they
+had made a determined attempt upon her less than a month before. From
+Samoa he sailed to Vavau which he named Howe's Group, in ignorance that
+it had been discovered by Maurelle ten years before, and subsequently
+visited by La Pérouse. Running southward, he made Pylstaart, at that time
+inhabited by Tongan castaways, and the fact that he did not stop to
+examine it, although he saw by the smoke that it was inhabited, shows
+that he had begun to tire of his search for the mutineers. Having
+enquired at Tongatabu and Eua, he returned to Namuka for water, and at
+this point any systematic search either for the tender or the mutineers
+seems to have been abandoned.
+
+Edwards had now been nine months at sea, and the prospect of the long
+homeward voyage round the Cape was still before him. With every league he
+had sailed westward the scent had grown fainter, and he was about to pass
+the spot from which the mutineers were known to have sailed in the
+opposite direction. His course is not easy to explain. To reason that the
+tender had fallen to leeward of her rendezvous, and had been compelled to
+seek shelter and provisions at one of the islands discovered by Bligh
+only two days' sail to the westward, required no high degree of
+foresight; and yet Edwards, who must have known the position of the Fiji
+islands from Bligh's narrative, deliberately set his course for
+Niuatobutabu, two days' sail to the north-west. But, falling to leeward
+of it, he made Niuafo'ou, the curious volcanic island discovered by
+Schouten in 1616, and never since visited. The prevailing wind making a
+visit to Niuatobutabu now impossible, he visited Wallis Island, and then
+bore away to the west.
+
+On August 8th, 1791, he made the discovery of Rotuma, whose enterprising
+people now furnish the Torres Straits pearl fishery with its best divers.
+It is difficult to forgive him for leaving so meagre an account of this
+interesting little community of mixed Polynesian and Micronesian blood.
+Edwards was probably mistaken in thinking their intentions hostile. Kau
+Moala, a Tongan who visited them in 1807, and related his experiences to
+Mariner, describes them as always friendly to strangers. Probably they
+took the _Pandora_ for a god-ship, and since the Immortals of their
+Pantheon are generally malevolent, they left their women behind, and
+flourished weapons to scare the gods into good behaviour. In 1807 they
+had forgotten the visit, perhaps because it had brought them no calamity
+to inspire the native poets. Hamilton relates an incident quite in
+keeping with the character of this determined and sturdy little people.
+"One fellow was making off with some booty, but was detected; and
+although five of the stoutest men in the ship were hanging upon him, and
+had fast hold of his long flowing black hair, he overpowered them all,
+and jumped overboard with his prize."
+
+The ill fortune that pursued Edwards, that had baulked him of Pitcairn
+when it lay within a few hours' sail, that had cheated him at once of the
+recovery of his tender and the discovery of Fiji, and was soon to rob him
+of his ship, now dealt him the unkindest cut of all. On August 13th, he
+sighted the island of Vanikoro, and ran along its shore, sometimes within
+a mile of the reef. There was no conceivable reason why he should not
+have made some attempt to communicate with the inhabitants whose smoke
+signals attracted his attention. Had he done so, he would have been the
+means of rescuing the survivors of La Pérouse's expedition, and of
+clearing away the mystery that covered their fate for so many years. For,
+after Dillon's discoveries, there can be little doubt that they were on
+the island at that very time, and it is not unlikely that the smoke was
+actually a signal made by them to attract his attention. The Comte de la
+Pérouse, who had been despatched on a voyage of discovery by Louis XVI.
+on the eve of the Revolution, handed his journals to Governor Phillip in
+Botany Bay for transmission to Europe in 1788, and neither he, nor his
+two frigates, nor any of their company were ever seen again. Their fate
+produced so painful an impression in France that the National Assembly,
+then in the throes of the Revolution, sent out a relief expedition under
+"Citizen-admiral" d'Entrecasteaux, and issued a splendid edition of his
+journals at the public expense. We now know from the native account
+elicited by Dillon that during a hurricane on a very dark night both
+frigates struck on the reef of Vanikoro, that the _Astrolabe_ foundered
+with all hands in deep water, and the crew of the _Boussole_ got safe to
+land. They stayed on the island until they had built a brig of native
+timber, in which they sailed away to the westward to meet a second
+shipwreck, perhaps on the Great Barrier reef. But two of them stayed
+behind for many years, and of these one was certainly alive in 1825. Now,
+Edwards saw Vanikoro just three years after the wreck, and even if the
+brig had sailed, there were two castaways who could have cleared up the
+mystery.
+
+After a narrow escape from shipwreck on the Indispensable Reef, he made
+the coast of New Guinea, supposing it to be one of the Louisiades. And
+here has occurred one of those curious errors in geographical
+nomenclature which are perpetuated by the most permanent of all
+histories--the Admiralty charts. Edwards gives the positions of two
+conspicuous headlands, which he named Cape Rodney and Cape Hood, and of a
+mountain lying between them which he called Mount Clarence. All these
+names appear in the Admiralty charts, but they are assigned to the wrong
+places. To a ship coming from the eastward the Cape Rodney of the charts
+is not conspicuous enough to have attracted Edwards' attention. The Cape
+Hood of the charts, on the contrary, cannot be mistaken, and it lies
+exactly in the position which Edwards gave for Cape Rodney. The "Cape
+Hood" that Edwards saw was undoubtedly Round Head, and his Mount Clarence
+must have been the high cone between them in the Saroa district. The
+_Pandora_ must have approached on one of those misty mornings when the
+clouds creep down the mountain sides of New Guinea, and obscure the
+ranges that rise, tier upon tier, right up to the towering peak of Mount
+Victoria, or Edwards could not have mistaken the continent for the
+insignificant islands of the Louisiades. On such a morning a narrow line
+of coast stands out clear against a background of sombre fog.
+
+The baleful fortune of the _Pandora_, now folded her wings and perched
+upon the taffrail. By hugging the coast of New Guinea she would have won
+a clear passage through these wreck-strewn straits of Torres, but the
+navigators of those days counted on clear water to Endeavour Straits, and
+recked little of the dangers of the Great Barrier reef. Bligh, who
+chanced upon a passage in 12.34 S. Lat. so aptly that he called it
+"Providential Channel," cautioned future navigators in words that should
+have warned Edwards against the course he was steering. "These, however,
+are marks too small for a ship to hit, unless it can hereafter be
+ascertained that passages through the reef are numerous along the coast."
+Edwards was not looking for Bligh's passage, which lay more than two
+degrees southward of his course. He had lately adopted a most dangerous
+practice of running blindly on through the night. Until he made the coast
+of New Guinea, he had profited by the warning of Bougainville, the only
+navigator whose book he seems to have studied, and always lay to till
+daylight, but now, in the most dangerous sea in the world, he threw this
+obvious precaution to the wind. Hamilton, to whom we are indebted for
+this information (for it did not transpire at the court martial) says
+that "the great length of the voyage would not permit it." How fatuous a
+proceeding it was in unsurveyed and unknown waters may be judged from the
+fact that in coral seas that have been carefully surveyed all ships of
+war are now compelled to keep the lead going whenever they move in coral
+waters. On August 25th he discovered the Murray Islands, and, after
+spending the day in a vain attempt to force a passage through them, he
+followed the reef southward for two days without finding a passage. This
+must have brought him very near the latitude of Bligh's passage. On the
+morning of August 28th Lieut. Corner was sent to examine what appeared to
+be a channel, and an hour before dark he signalled that he had found a
+passage large enough for the ship. The night fell before the boat could
+get back, and this induced Edwards, who had already lost one boat's crew
+and his tender, to lie much closer to the reef than was prudent. The
+current did the rest. About seven the ship struck heavily, and, bumping
+over the reef, tore her planking so that, despite eleven hours incessant
+pumping, she foundered shortly after daylight. Eighty-nine of the ship's
+company and ten of the mutineers were picked up by the boats and landed
+on a sand cay four miles distant, and thirty-one sailors, and four
+mutineers (who went down in manacles) were drowned.
+
+Having read the different versions of this affair both for and against
+Edwards, I think it is proved that, besides treating his prisoners with
+inhumanity, he disregarded the orders of the Admiralty. His attitude
+towards the prisoners was always consistent. We learn from Corner that he
+allowed Coleman, Norman and Mackintosh to work at the pumps, but that
+when the others implored him to let them out of irons he placed two
+additional sentries over them, and threatened to shoot the first man who
+attempted to liberate himself. Every allowance must be made for the fear
+that in the disordered state of the ship, they might have made an attempt
+to escape, but during the eleven hours in which the water was gaining
+upon the pumps there was ample time to provide for their security. That
+so many were saved was due, not to him, but to a boatswain's mate, who
+risked his own life to liberate them. Lieut. Corner, who would not have
+been likely to err on the side of hostility to Edwards, gives his
+evidence against him in this particular. But whether he is to be believed
+or not, the fact that four of the prisoners went down in irons is
+impossible to extenuate.
+
+Edwards dismisses the boat voyage in very few words, though, in fact, it
+was a remarkable achievement to take four overloaded boats from the
+Barrier Reef to Timor without the loss of a single man. He made the coast
+of Queensland a little to the south of Albany Island, where the blacks
+first helped him to fill his water breakers, and then attacked him. He
+watered again at Horn Island, and then sailed through the passage which
+bears Flinders' name owing to the fallacy that he discovered it. After
+clearing the sound, he seems to have mistaken Prince of Wales' Island for
+Cape York, which he had left many miles behind him.
+
+Favoured by a fair wind and a calm sea, he made the run from Flinders
+passage to Timor in eleven days. Like Bligh, he found that the young bore
+their privations better than the old, and that the first effect of thirst
+and famine is to make men excessively irritable. Hamilton records a
+characteristic incident. Edwards had neglected to conduct prayers in his
+boat until he was reminded of his duty by one of the mutineers, who was
+leading the devotions of the seamen in the bows of the boat. Scandalized
+at the impropriety of a "pirate" daring to appeal to the Highest Tribunal
+for mercy, as it were, behind the back of the earthly court before which
+he was shortly to be arraigned, the captain sternly reproved him, and
+conducted prayers himself. A sense of humour was not numbered among
+Edwards' endowments.
+
+Timor was sighted on the 13th September, and on the 15th the party landed
+at Coupang, where the Dutch authorities received them with every
+hospitality. Here they met the survivors of a third boat voyage,
+scarcely less adventurous than Bligh's and their own. A party of
+convicts, including a woman and two small children, had contrived to
+steal a ship's gig and to escape in her from Port Jackson. Sleeping on
+shore at nights whenever possible, subsisting on shell-fish and
+sea-birds, they ran the entire length of the Queensland coast, threaded
+Endeavour Straits, and arrived at Coupang after an exposure lasting ten
+weeks without the loss of a single life. Having given themselves out as
+the survivors from the wreck of an English ship, they were entertained
+with great hospitality until the arrival of Edwards two weeks later, when
+they betrayed their story gratuitously. The captain of a Dutch vessel,
+who spoke English, on first hearing the news of Edwards' landing, ran to
+them with the glad tidings of their captain's arrival, on which one of
+them started up in surprise and exclaimed, "What captain? Dam'me! we have
+no captain." On hearing this the governor had them arrested, and sent to
+the castle, one man and the woman having to be pursued into the bush
+before they were taken. They then confessed that they were escaped
+convicts.
+
+Apart from their adventurous voyage, there is much romance about their
+story. William Bryant, the leader, had been transported for smuggling,
+and his sweetheart, Mary Broad, who was maid to a lady in Salcombe, in
+Devonshire for connivance in her lover's escape from Winchester Gaol. In
+due course they were married in Botany Bay, where Bryant was employed as
+fisherman to the governor, a post that enabled him to plan their
+successful escape. Bryant and both children died on the voyage home,
+together with three others, Morton, Cox and Simms, but the woman survived
+to obtain a full pardon, owing chiefly to the exertions of an officer of
+marines who went home with her in the _Gorgon_, and eventually married
+her.[24-1] Butcher, who was also pardoned, returned to New South Wales
+and became a thriving settler. The remaining four were sent back to
+complete their sentences. Their story has been graphically told by
+Messrs. Louis Becke and Walter Jeffery in "The First Fleet Family."
+
+During the voyage from Coupang to Batavia Edwards narrowly escaped a
+second shipwreck. The _Rembang_ was dismasted on a lee shore in a
+cyclone, and, but for the exertions of the English seamen, would
+assuredly have been stranded, the Dutch sailors, who, says the facetious
+Hamilton, "would fight the devil should he appear to them in any other
+shape but that of thunder and lightning," having taken to their hammocks.
+At Samarang, as already related, Edwards found the tender, which he had
+long given up for lost, and the price she fetched enabled the crew to
+purchase decent clothing. Heywood afterwards asserted that no clothing
+was given to the prisoners but what they could earn by plaiting and
+selling straw hats. They were miserably housed, when on board the
+_Rembang_, and kept in rigid confinement both at Batavia, and on the
+_Vreedemberg_, in which they made the voyage to the Cape.
+
+At Batavia Edwards divided his men among three Dutch vessels homeward
+bound, but at the Cape he removed his own contingent into H.M.S.
+_Gorgon_, and arrived at Spithead on June 18th, 1792. Two days later the
+ten mutineers were transferred to H.M.S. _Hector_, Captain Montague, and
+the convicts were sent to Newgate. The court martial, which did not
+assemble until September 12th, lasted five days, with the result that
+Norman, Coleman, Mackintosh and Byrne were acquitted, and Heywood,
+Morrison, Ellison, Burkitt, Millward and Muspratt were condemned to
+death, the two first being recommended to mercy. On October 24th Heywood
+and Morrison received the King's pardon, and both re-entered the Navy,
+Heywood to retire in 1816, when nearly at the head of the list of
+captains; Morrison to go down in the ill-fated _Blenheim_ in which he was
+serving as gunner. Muspratt also was pardoned, but the three others were
+hanged on board the _Brunswick_ in Portsmouth Harbour on October 29th,
+1792. Thus ended a voyage that, for adventure and discovery, deserves a
+high place in the history of maritime enterprise in the Pacific. Voyages
+take their rank from the scientific attainments and literary ability of
+the men who record them, and the _Pandora_, unlucky in her fate as in her
+ill-omened name, was scarcely less unfortunate in her historian.
+
+B. T.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[10-1] Mr. Louis Becke, "The Mutineers."
+
+[24-1] The _Gorgon_ also carried Lieut. Clark, of the Royal Marines,
+whose journal of the voyage to Botany Bay and Norfolk Island in 1789
+throws a very interesting light upon the early days of the colony.
+Unfortunately the journal says very little of the _Gorgon's_ voyage
+home.
+
+
+
+
+CAPTAIN EDWARDS' REPORTS.
+
+
+"_Pandora_ in Sta Cruz Bay,
+Teneriff,
+25th November, 1790.
+
+[R 28 Dec. and Read.]
+
+SIR,
+
+Be pleased to acquaint My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that I
+sailed again from Jack-in-the-Basket with His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_
+under my command on the 7th day of November, and anchored in Santa Cruz
+by Teneriffe on the 22nd: that nothing particular occured in my passage
+to this place, except that of my falling in with His Majesty's sloop
+_Shark_ on the 17th November in Latitude 32° 33' Longitude 13° 40' W.
+bound to Madeira with despatches for Rear Admiral Cornish, and my
+learning from them that the matters in dispute with Spain were amicably
+settled, of which circumstance I was unacquainted when I left England. I
+am now compleating my water, and have taken on board full 3 months wine
+for my compliment, with some fruit and vegetables, and purpose and
+flatter myself that I shall be able to sail from hence this evening.
+Inclosed I send the state and condition of His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_
+for their Lordships' information, and I have the honour to be,
+
+Sir,
+Your most obedient and ever humble servant,
+EDWARD EDWARDS.
+
+Phillip Stevens, Esq."
+
+
+"_Pandora_ at Rio Janeiro,
+the 6th January, 1791.
+
+[Received 29th June and read.]
+
+SIR,
+
+Be pleased to acquaint My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that I
+sailed from Teneriff with His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_ on the afternoon
+of the 25th November, agreeable to my intentions signified to their
+Lordships by letter from that island, and anchored off the city Rio
+Janeiro on the evening of the 31st of December with a view to compleat my
+water and to get refreshments for the ship's company and from my being
+persuaded that very long runs, particularly with new ships' companies,
+are prejudicial to health, and as my men are of that description, and
+have also suffered in their health from a fever which has prevailed
+amongst them in a greater or less degree ever since they left England,
+were other inducements for my touching at this port. I shall stay here no
+longer than is absolutely necessary to procure these articles, and which
+I expect to be able to accomplish by the seventh of this month, and I
+shall then proceed on my voyage as soon as wind and weather will permit.
+
+Herewith I send the state and condition of His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_,
+and I have the honour to be, Sir,
+
+Your most obedient and humble servant,
+EDW. EDWARDS."
+
+
+"Batavia, the 25th November, 1791.
+29th May, 1792.
+From Amsterdam.
+
+SIR,
+
+In a letter dated the 6th day of January, 1791, which I did myself the
+honour to address to you from Rio Janeiro I gave an account of my
+proceedings up to that time and inclosed the state and condition of His
+Majesty's Ship _Pandora_ under my command, and having compleated the
+water and procured such articles of provision, etc., for the use of the
+Ship's Company as they were in want of and I thought necessary for the
+voyage, I sailed from that port on the 8th January, 1791, run along the
+coast of America, Tierra Del Fuego, Hatin Land, round Cape Horn and
+proceeded directly to Otaheite, and arrived at Matavy Bay in that Island
+on the 23rd March without having touched in any other place in my passage
+thither.
+
+It was my intention to have put into New Year's harbour, or some other
+port in its neighbourhood to complete our water and to refresh my people,
+could I have effected that business within the month of January; but as I
+arrived too late on that coast to fulfil my intentions within the time,
+it determined me to push forward without delay, by which means I
+flattered myself I might avoid that extreme bad weather and all the evil
+consequences that are usually experienced in doubling Cape Horn in a more
+advanced season of the year, and I had the good fortune not to be
+disappointed in my expectation.
+
+After doubling the Cape, and advancing Northward into warmer weather, the
+fever which had prevailed on board gradually declined, and the diseases
+usually succeeding such fevers prevented by a liberal use of the
+antiscorbutics and other nourishing and useful articles with which we
+were so amply supplied, and the ship's company arrived at Otaheite in
+perfect health, except a few whose debilitated constitutions no climate,
+provisions or medicine could much improve.
+
+In our run to Otaheite we discovered 3 islands: the first, which I called
+Ducie's Island, lies in Latitude 24° 40' 30" S. and Longitude 124° 36'
+30" W. from Greenwich. It is between 2 and 3 miles long. The second I
+called Lord Hood's Island. It lies in Latitude 21° 31' S. and Longitude
+135° 32' 30" W., and is about 8 miles long. The third I called
+Carysfort's Island. It lies in Latitude 20° 49' S. and Longitude 138° 33'
+W. and it is 5 miles long. They are all three low lagoon islands covered
+with wood, but we saw no inhabitants on either of them.[30-1] Before we
+anchored at Matavy Bay, Joseph Coleman, Armourer of the _Bounty_, and
+several of the natives came on board, from whom I learned that Christian
+the pirate had landed and left 16 of his men on the Island, some of whom
+were then at Matavy, and some had sailed from there the morning before
+our arrival (in a schooner they had built) for Papara, a distant part of
+the Island, to join other of the pirates that were settled at that place,
+and that Churchill, Master at Arms, had been murdered by Matthew
+Thompson, and that Matthew Thompson was killed by the natives and offered
+as a sacrifice on their altars for the murder of Churchill, whom they had
+made a chief.
+
+George Stewart and Peter Heywood, midshipmen of the _Bounty_, came on
+board the _Pandora_ soon after she came to an anchor, and I had also
+information that Richard Skinner was at Matavy. I desired Poen, an
+inferior chief (who, in the absence of Otoo, was the principal person in
+the district) to bring him on board. The chief went on shore for the
+purpose, and soon after he returned again and informed me that Skinner
+was coming on board. Before night he did come on board, but whether it
+was in consequence of the chief's instructions, or his own accord, I am
+at a loss to say. As soon as the ship was moored the pinnace and launch
+were got ready and sent under the direction of Lt. Corner and Hayward in
+pursuit of the pirates and schooner in hopes of getting hold of them
+before they could get information of our arrival, and Odiddee, a native
+of Bolabola, and who has been with Capt. Cook, etc., went with them as a
+guide.
+
+The boats were discovered by the pirates before they had arrived at the
+place where these people had landed, and they immediately embarked in
+their schooner and put to sea, and she was chased the remainder of the
+day by our boats, but, it blowing fresh, she outsailed them, and the
+boats returned to the ship. Jno. Brown, the person left at Otaheite by
+Mr. Cox of the _Mercury_,[31-1] and from whom their Lordships supposed I
+might get some useful information, had been under the necessity for his
+own safety to associate with the pirates, but he took the opportunity to
+leave them when they were about to embark in the schooner and put to sea.
+He informed me that they had very little water and provisions on board,
+or vessels to hold them in, and, of course, could not keep at sea long. I
+entered Brown on the ship's books as part of the compliment and found him
+very intelligent and useful in the different capacities of guide, soldier
+and seaman. I employed different people to look out for and to give
+information on their landing either on this or the neighbouring islands.
+
+On the 26th, in the evening, sent the pinnace to Edee by desire of the
+old Otoo, or king, to bring him on board the _Pandora_. Early on the
+morning of the 27th, I had information that the pirates were returning
+with the schooner to Papara and that they were landed and retired to the
+mountains, to endeavour to conceal and defend themselves. Immediately
+sent Lt. Corner with 26 men in the launch to Papara to pursue them. At
+night the Otoo, his two queens and suite came on board the pinnace and
+slept on board the _Pandora_, which they afterwards frequently did.
+
+The next morning Lt. Hayward was sent with a party in the pinnace to join
+the party in the launch at Papara. I found the Otoo ready to furnish me
+with guides and to give me any other assistance in his power, but he had
+very little authority or influence in that part of the island where the
+pirates had taken refuge, and even his right to the sovereignty of the
+eastern part of the island had been recently disputed by Tamarie, one of
+the royal family. Under these circumstances I conceived the taking of the
+Otoo and the other chiefs attached to his interest into custody would
+alarm the faithful part of his subjects and operate to our disadvantage.
+I therefore satisfied myself with the assistance he offered and had in
+his power to give me, and I found means at different times to send
+presents to Tamarie (and invited him to come on board, which he promised
+to do, but never fulfilled his promise), and convinced him I had it in my
+power to lay his country in waste, which I imagined would be sufficient
+at least to make him withhold that support he hitherto, through policy,
+had occasionally given to the pirates in order to draw them to his
+interest and to strengthen his own party against the Otoo.
+
+I probably might have had it in my power to have taken and secured the
+person of Tamarie, but I was apprehensive that such an attempt might
+irritate the natives attached to his interest, and induce them to act
+hostilely against our party at a time the ship was at too great a
+distance to afford them timely and necessary assistance in case of such
+an event, and I adopted the milder method for that reason, and from a
+persuasion that our business could be brought to a conclusion at less
+risk and in less time by that means. The yawl was sent to Papara with
+spare hands to bring back the launch which was wanted to water the ship,
+and on the 29th the launch returned to the ship with James
+Morrison,[33-1] Charles Norman, and Thomas Ellison, belonging to the
+_Bounty_, and who had been made prisoners at Papara on the 7th April. The
+companies returned with the detachment from Papara, and brought with them
+the pirate schooner which they had taken there. The natives had deserted
+the place, and I had information that the six remaining pirates had fled
+to the mountains.
+
+On the 5th I sent Lt. Hayward with 25 men in the schooner and yawl to
+Papara, the old Otoo and several of the youths, &c., went with him. On
+the 7th, in the morning, Lt. Corner was landed with 16 men at Point Venus
+in order to march round the back of the mountains, in which the pirates
+had retreated, to cooperate with the party sent to Papara. Orissia, the
+Otoo's brother, and a party of natives went with him as guides and to
+carry the provisions, &c.
+
+On the 9th Lt. Hayward returned with the schooner and yawl and brought
+with him Henry Hillbrant, Thomas M'Intosh, Thomas Burkitt, Jno.
+Millward, Jno. Sumner and William Muspratt, the six remaining pirates
+belonging to the _Bounty_. They had quitted the mountains and had got
+down near the seashore when they were discovered by our party on the
+opposite side of a river. They submitted, on being summoned to lay down
+their arms. Lt. Corner with his party marched across the mountains to
+Papara, and a boat was sent for them there, and they returned on board
+again on the 13th in the afternoon. I put the pirates in the round house
+which I built at the after part of the Quarter deck for their more
+effectual security, airy and healthy situation, and to separate them
+from, and to prevent their having any communication with, or to crowd and
+incommode the ship's company.
+
+Contrary to my expectations, the water we got at the usual place at Point
+Venus turned out very bad, and on touching for better, most excellent
+water was found issuing out of a rock in a little bay to the southward of
+One Tree Hill. I mention this circumstance because it may be of
+importance to be known to other ships that may hereafter touch at that
+island.
+
+The natives had in their possession a bower anchor belonging to the
+_Bounty_, which that ship had left in the bay, and I took it on board the
+_Pandora_, and made them a handsome present by way of salvage and as a
+reward for their ingenuity in weighing it with materials so ill
+calculated for the purpose. I learned from different people and from
+journals kept on board the _Bounty_, which were found in the chests of
+the pirates at Otaheite, that after Lt. Bligh and the people with him
+were turned adrift in the launch, the pirates proceeded with the ship to
+the Island of Toobouai in Latitude 20° 13' S. and Longitude 149° 35' W.,
+where they anchored on the 25th May, 1789. Before their arrival there
+they threw the greatest part of the bread fruit plants overboard, and the
+property of the officers and people that were turned out of the ship was
+divided amongst those who remained on board her, and the royals and some
+other small sails were cut up and disposed of in the same manner.
+
+Notwithstanding they met with some opposition from the natives, they
+intended to settle on this island, but after some time they perceived
+that they were in want of several things necessary for a settlement and
+which was the cause of disagreements and quarrels amongst themselves. At
+last they came to a resolution to come to Otaheite to get such of the
+things wanted as could be procured there, and in consequence of that
+resolution they sailed from Toobouai at the latter end of the month and
+arrived at Otaheite on the 6th of June. The Otoo and other natives were
+very inquisitive and desirous to know what was become of Lt. Bligh and
+the other absentees and the bread fruit plants, &c. They deceived them by
+saying that they had fallen in with Captain Cook at an island he had
+lately discovered called "Why-Too-Tackee" [Aitutaki], and where he
+intended to settle, and that the plants were landed and planted there,
+and that Lt. Bligh and the other absentees were detained to assist
+Captain Cook in the business he had in hand, and that he had appointed
+Christian captain of the _Bounty_ and ordered him to Otaheite for an
+additional supply of hogs, goats, fowls, bread fruit plants, &c.
+
+These humane islanders were imposed upon by this artful story, and they
+were so rejoiced to hear that their old friend Captain Cook was alive and
+was near them that they used every means in their power to procure the
+things that were wanted, so that in the course of a few days the _Bounty_
+took on board 312 hogs, 38 goats, eight dozen fowls, a bull and a cow,
+and a quantity of bread fruit plants, &c. They also took with them a
+woman, eight men and seven boys. With these supplies they sailed from
+Otaheite on the 19th June and arrived again at Toobouai on the 26th. They
+landed the live stock on the quays that were near the harbour, lightened
+the ship and warped her up the harbour into two fathoms water opposite to
+the place where they intended to build the fort. On this occasion their
+spare masts, yards and booms were got out and moored, but they afterwards
+broke adrift and were lost.[36-1]
+
+On the 19th July they began to build the fort. Its dimensions were 50
+yards square. These villains had frequent quarrels amongst themselves
+which at last were carried to such a length that no order was observed
+amongst them, and by the 30th August the work at the fort was
+discontinued. They had also almost continual disputes and skirmishes with
+the natives, which were generally brought on by their own violence and
+depredations. Christian, perceiving that he had lost his authority, and
+that nothing more could be done, desired them to consult together and
+consider what step would be the most advisable to take, and said that he
+would put into execution the opinion that was supported by the most
+votes. After long consultation it was at last determined that the scheme
+of staying at Toobouai should be given up, and that the ship should be
+taken to Otaheite, where those who chose to go on shore should be at
+liberty to do so, and those who remained on the ship might take her away
+to whatever place they should think fit.
+
+In consequence of this final determination preparations were made for the
+purpose and they sailed from Toobouai on the 15th and arrived at Matavy
+Bay, Otaheite, on the 20th September 1789. The bull which they took from
+Otaheite died on its passage to Toobouai, and they killed the cow before
+they left that island, yet, notwithstanding this and the depredations
+they committed there, the natives still derived considerable advantage
+from their visits, as several hogs, goats, fowls and other things of
+their introduction were left behind. These sixteen men mentioned before
+were landed at Otaheite, viz.:--
+
+    Joseph Coleman [Armourer].[37-3]
+    Peter Heywood [Midshipman].[37-2]
+    George Stewart [Midshipman].[37-4]
+    Richard Skinner [A.B.].[37-4]
+    Michael Burn [A.B. Fiddler].[37-3]
+    James Morrison [Boatswain's Mate].[37-2]
+    Charles Norman [Carpenter's Mate].[37-3]
+    Thomas Ellison [A.B.].[37-1]
+    Henry Hillbrant [A.B.].[37-4]
+    John Sumner [A.B.].[37-4]
+    Thomas M'Intosh [Carpenter's Crew].[37-3]
+    William Muspratt [A.B.].[37-1]
+    Thomas Burkitt [A.B.].[37-1]
+    John Millward [A.B.].[37-1]
+
+These fourteen were made prisoners by my people and Charles Churchill and
+Matthew Thompson were murdered on that island. Previous to these people
+being put on shore the small arms, powder, canvas and the small stores
+belonging to the ship were equally divided amongst the whole crew. After
+building the schooner six of these people actually sailed in her for the
+East Indies, but meeting with bad weather and suspecting the abilities of
+Morrison, whom they had chosen to be their captain to navigate her there,
+they returned again to Otaheite on the night between the 21st and 22nd of
+September 1789 and were seen in the morning to the N.W. of Point
+Venus.[37-5]
+
+Fletcher Christian, Edward Young, Matthew Quintall, William M'Koy,
+Alexander Smith, John Williams, Isaac Martin, William Brown and John
+Mills went away in the ship and they also took with them several natives
+of these islands, both men and women, but I could not exactly learn their
+numbers, only that they had on board a few more women than white men, a
+deficiency of whom had formerly been one of their grievances and the
+principal cause of their quarrels. Christian had been frequently heard to
+declare that he would search for an unknown or uninhabited island in
+which there was no harbour for shipping, would run the ship ashore and
+get from her such things as would be useful to him and settle there, but
+this information was too vague to be followed in an immense ocean strewed
+with an almost innumerable number of known and unknown islands; therefore
+after the ship was caulked, which I found was necessary to be done, the
+rigging overhauled and in other respects refitted her for sea, and fitted
+the pirates' schooner as a tender, and put on board two petty
+officers[38-1] and seven men to navigate her, conceiving she would be of
+considerable use in covering the boats in my future search for the
+_Bounty_, as well as for reconnoitring the passage through the reef
+leading to Endeavour Straits; I sailed from Otaheite on the 8th of May
+with a view to put the remainder of my orders into execution.
+
+Oediddee was desirous to go in the _Pandora_ to Ulietia and to Bolabola,
+and as I thought he would be useful as a guide for the boats I took him
+with me and steered for Huahaine which we saw the next morning. The
+tender and the boats were employed the 9th and part of the 10th in
+examining the harbours, and Oediddee went with them as pilot. Several
+chiefs came on board and brought with them hogs and other articles, the
+produce of the island, and a servant of Omai also came on board, and said
+that he was not then much the better for his master's riches, however his
+former connections was the cause of his visit to the ship being made very
+profitable to him, and all the chiefs and their attendances received
+presents from me. Two of the chiefs of this island were desirous to go in
+the ship to Ulietia and I had given them leave to, but when the ship was
+about to make sail they suddenly changed their minds and went on shore
+and took Oediddee with them. Oediddee promised to follow us there the
+next day, but we did not see him again.
+
+I proceeded to Ulietea Otaka and Bolabola, and the tender and boats were
+employed in examining the bays and harbours of these islands, but we got
+no intelligence of the _Bounty_ or her people. Tahatoo, who called
+himself king of Bolabola, informed me that he had been a few days before
+at Tubai, which is a small, low island situated on the Northward of
+Bolabola and under its jurisdiction, and that there were no white men
+upon that island, nor upon Maurua, another island in sight of it and to
+the westward of Bolabola. He also mentioned another island which I
+thought he called Mojeshah, but we know no such island unless it be
+Howe's Island, and that seems to be situated too far to the South and to
+the West for the island he attempted to describe and point out to us. The
+chiefs and several other people came on board from these islands and
+brought with them the usual produce, and they were at all the isles very
+pressing to prevail upon us to make a longer stay with them, but as I had
+no object particularly in view and my people in good health, I did not
+think it proper unnecessarily to waste my time for the sake of procuring
+a few articles that were in greater abundance in these islands than at
+Otaheite. I made presents to all those chiefs as it was my custom to do
+to everyone that had the least pretension to pre-eminence, and to all the
+people who came on board in the first boat.
+
+After leaving Bolabola I steered for Maurua and passed it at a small
+distance. Howe's Island was not seen by us as it is a low island and we
+passed to the Southward of it. I then shaped my course to get into the
+latitude of and to fall in to the Eastward of Why-to-tackee [Aitutaki].
+
+On the 14th, Henry Hillbrant, one of the pirates, gave information that
+Christian had declared to him the evening before he left Otaheite that he
+intended to go with the _Bounty_ to an uninhabited island discovered by
+Mr. Byron, situated to the Westward of the Isles of Danger, which, from
+description of the situation, I found to be the island called by Mr.
+Byron "The Duke of York's Island,"[40-1] and if they could land, would
+settle there and run the ship upon the reef and destroy her, and if they
+could not land, or if on examination found it would not answer their
+purpose, he would look out for some other uninhabited island. However, I
+continued my course for Why-to-tackee, being now determined to examine
+the island in preference to following any intelligence, however
+plausible, and on the morning of the 19th saw the Island of Why-to-tackee
+[Aitutaki],[40-2] and sent the tender in shore to ground and look out for
+a harbour.
+
+At noon sent Lt. Hayward in the yawl to look into a place on the N.W.
+part of the island that had the appearance of a harbour and to get
+intelligence of the natives. In the evening he returned. The place was so
+far from being fit for the reception of the ship that he could scarcely
+find a passage through the reef for the boat; he conversed with seven or
+eight different sets of people, whom he met with in canoes, and they all
+agreed that the _Bounty_ was not, nor had not been there since Lt. Bligh
+left the island, nor did any of them known anything of her. Lt. Hayward
+recollected one of the natives, whom he remembered to have seen on board
+the _Bounty_ when he discovered the island, and he saw another savage
+belonging to a neighbouring island who knew Captain Cook and inquired
+after him, Omai and Oediddee, whom he said he had seen.
+
+These people at first approached the boat with caution, and could not be
+prevailed upon to come on board the ship. As I was convinced that the
+_Bounty_ was not on this island, and as Hervey's, Mangea and Wattea
+Islands to the S.E. of Why-to-tackee were inhabited, I did not think it
+probable that Christian, in the weak state the ship was in, would attempt
+to settle upon either of them, and as there was some plausibility in the
+information given me by Hillbrant the prisoner, and as the Duke of York's
+Island seemed to answer the description of such an island as Christian
+had been heard by others to declare he would search for to settle on, it
+being by Mr. Byron's account uninhabited, and with a harbour; and as the
+fact that it was out of the known track of ships in these seas since our
+acquaintance with the Society Islands, made it still more eligible for
+his purpose; from these united circumstances I thought it was probable he
+might make choice of the Duke of York's Island for his intended
+settlement. I therefore determined to proceed to that island, taking
+Palmerston's island in my way thither, as it also answered in all
+respects, except situation, to the description of the other; and at night
+I bore away and made sail for Palmerston's Island, and made that on the
+21st in the afternoon.[42-1]
+
+On the 22nd in the morning sent the schooner tender and cutter in shore
+to look for the harbours or anchorage, and soon after Lt. Corner was sent
+in the yawl for the same purpose and to look out for the _Bounty_ and her
+people. At noon, perceiving the schooner and cutter had got round the
+Northernmost island, I stood round the S.E. island with the ship in
+order to join the yawl that was at a grapnel off that island, and sent
+the other yawl to join Lt. Corner. At 4 the two yawls returned with a
+quantity of cocoanuts and Lt. Corner also returned on board. Soon after,
+Lt. Hayward was sent on shore in the yawl to examine the S.W. island.
+After dark we burnt several false fires as signals to the boat, but the
+weather being thick and squally she did not return till the morning of
+the 23rd, but the tender joined us that night and informed me that she
+had found a yard on the island marked "Bounty's Driver Yard" and other
+circumstances that indicated that the _Bounty_ was, or had been there.
+The tender was immediately sent on shore after the yawl.
+
+On the 23rd provisions, ammunition, &c., was sent on board the
+tender,[43-1] and Lt. Corner with a party of men were sent with the yawl
+and tender to land on the Northernmost island. At 4 in the afternoon,
+perceiving that the schooner tender had anchored under that island the
+yawl landing the party on the reef leading to it, Lt. Corner had orders
+to examine that and the Easternmost island very minutely to see if any
+other traces besides the yard could be made out of the _Bounty_ or her
+people.
+
+On the 24th in the morning sent the cutter on board the tender for
+intelligence, but she did not return till nearly 2 o'clock in the
+afternoon, when she brought with her seven men of Lt. Corner's party. She
+was sent on board the tender again with orders for the remainder of the
+party that was returned from the search to be brought on board the
+_Pandora_ in the yawl, and for the cutter to remain on board the tender
+to embark Lt. Corner when he returned, the midshipman having represented
+that she answered the purpose of landing and embarking better than the
+larger boat from the particular circumstances of the landing place; and I
+stood over for the S.W. island to take on board the other yawl which had
+been sent to ground near the reef of that island and to procure from it
+some cocoanuts, &c.
+
+At 5 the yawl came on board, and I then stood towards the schooner in
+order to take the other yawl on board, but the weather became squally
+with rain and I stood out to sea. During the night the weather was
+rougher than usual, with an ugly sea and I did not get close in with them
+again till the 28th at noon, soon after which the yawl came on board from
+the schooner and informed us to my great astonishment and concern that
+the cutter had not been on board her since she left the ship.[44-1] The
+tender was ordered to run down by the side of the reef and if the cutter
+was not seen there to run out to sea six leagues and to steer about
+W.N.W.-W., it being the opposite point to that on which the wind blew
+from the preceding night, and I waited with the ship to take on board Lt.
+Corner who was not then returned from the search. He soon after appeared
+and was taken on board.
+
+In his search he found a double canoe curiously painted, and different in
+make from those we had seen on the islands we had visited. A piece of
+wood burnt half through was also found. The yard and these things lay
+upon the beach at high water mark and were all eaten by the sea worm,
+which is a strong presumption they were drifted there by the waves. The
+driver yard was probably drove from Toobouai where the _Bounty_ lost the
+greater part of her spars, and as no recent traces could be found on the
+island of a human being or any part of the wreck of a ship I gave up all
+further search and hopes of finding the _Bounty_ or her people there. I
+then stood out to sea and the ship and the tender cruized about in search
+of the cutter until the 29th in the morning, when seeing nothing of her,
+I being at that time well in with the land, sent on shore once more to
+examine the reef and beach of the northernmost island, but with no better
+success than before, as neither the cutter or any article belonging to
+her could be found there.
+
+I then steered for the Duke of York's island which we got sight of at
+noon on the 6th June, and in the afternoon the tender and two yawls were
+sent on shore to examine the coast. On the 7th in the morning Lt. Corner
+and Hayward were sent on shore with a party of men attended by the
+schooner and two yawls. We soon after saw some huts upon the island and
+so made a signal to the boats to warn them of danger, and for them to be
+upon their guard against surprise. They landed and got canoes to the
+within side of the lagoon in which they made a circuit of it. A few
+houses were found in examining the hills on the opposite side of the
+lagoon, and also a ship's large wooden buoy, which appeared to be of
+foreign make, and had evident marks of its having been long in the water.
+
+As Mr. Byron describes the Duke of York's island to be without
+inhabitants, the sight of the houses and ship's buoy, before they were
+minutely examined wrot so strongly on the minds of the people that they
+saw many things in imagination that did not exist, but all tended to
+persuade them that the _Bounty's_ people were really upon the island
+agreeable to the intelligence given by Hillbrant, but after a most minute
+and repeated search, no human being of any description could be found
+upon the island. There were a number of canoes, spare paddles, fishing
+gear, and a variety of other things found in the houses which seemed to
+prove that it was an occasional residence and fishery of the natives of
+some neighbouring islands.[46-1]
+
+There is so great a difference in the situation of this island as laid
+down in the charts of Hawkesworth's collection of voyages and also some
+others from that of Captain Cook that there may be some doubt about its
+real situation. I followed that of Captain Cook, yet the situation of
+this island by our account did not exactly agree with him. He lays it
+down in Latitude 8° 41' S. and Longitude 173° 3' W., and the centre of
+the island by our account lies Latitude 8° 34' S. and Longitude by
+observation 172° 6', and by timekeeper 172° 39' W. By our estimation this
+island is not so large as it is by Mr. Byron's. In other respects, except
+the houses, it answers his description very well. I should have stood off
+to the westward to have seen if there were any other islands in that
+direction, but I was apprehensive by so doing that I might have much
+difficulty in fetching the island I had then to visit, and as the wind
+was favourable to stand to the Southward when I left the island, I
+therefore satisfied myself in passing to the westward of it and
+stretching to the northward so far as to know there was no island within
+thirty miles of it on that point of the compass, and also to pass to the
+windward of the island when I put about and stood to the northward.
+
+In standing to the Northward I discovered an island on the 12th
+June.[46-2] We soon perceived that it was a lagoon island, formed by a
+great many small islands connected together by a reef of rocks, forming a
+circle round the lagoon in its centre. It is low, but well wooded,
+amongst which the cocoanut tree is conspicuous both for its height and
+peculiar form. As we approached the land we saw several natives on the
+beach. Lt. Hayward was sent with the tender and yawl in shore to
+reconnoitre and to endeavour to converse with the natives, and if
+possible to bring about a friendly intercourse with them. They made signs
+of friendship and beckoned him to come on shore, yet, whenever he drew
+near with the boat, they always retired, and he could not prevail on them
+to come to her; and the surf was thought too great to venture to land, at
+least before the friendship of the natives was better confirmed.
+
+We soon afterwards saw several sailing canoes with stages in their
+middle, sailing across the lagoon for the opposite islands, but whether
+it was a flight, or that they were only going a-fishing, or on some other
+business, we were at that time at a loss to know. Lt. Corner was sent to
+look for a better landing place, and, thinking that there was the
+appearance of an opening into the lagoon round the N.W. island, I stood
+that way with the ship to take a view of it but found that it was also
+barred in that part by a reef. Better landing places were found, but they
+were to leeward and at a considerable distance from the place that seemed
+to be the principal residence of the natives.
+
+The next morning Lt. Corner and Hayward landed with a strong party near
+the houses, which they found deserted by the natives, and they had taken
+with them all the canoes except one. It appeared exactly to resemble
+those we had seen at the Duke of York's island. The houses, fishing gear
+and utensils were also similar to those seen there, which made me suppose
+that these were the people who occasionally visited that island, but this
+had the appearance of being the principal residence as Morais, or burying
+places, were found at this, but none at the former.
+
+I was very desirous to get into communication with these people, as I
+thought we might possibly get some useful information relative to the
+buoy we had seen at the Duke of York's island, or about the _Bounty_ had
+she touched at either of these islands, or at any others in their
+neighbourhood. With that view I left in and about the houses hatchets,
+knives, glasses and a variety of things that I thought would be useful or
+pleasing to them, and also to show them that we were disposed to be
+friendly to them, and by that means I hoped they would become less shy,
+and that our intercourse with them would be brought about; and I stood
+round the northernmost island to visit other parts of the island, and on
+the 14th in the morning Lt. Corner was sent on shore with the tender,
+yawl and canoe, and he landed to the eastward of the northernmost island
+and marched round to the northeast extremity of the islands: he perceived
+marks of bare feet of the natives in different parts, but more
+particularly about the cocoanut trees, most of which were stripped of
+their fruit, but not a single person or canoe could be found. He embarked
+again at that part of the isles with great difficulty by the assistance
+of cork jackets and rope and the canoe. I supposed that the natives had
+left the island and I bore away to join the tender that had been sent to
+search for a channel into the lagoon near the northernmost isle; and
+after joining her I went once more towards the place we had first
+examined, and seeing no natives or any signs of them there I gave up the
+search.
+
+On the 15th stood to the southward for Navigators' islands. I called the
+island the Duke of Clarence's Island. It lies in Latitude 9° 9' 30" and
+Longitude 171° 30' 46".[48-1] From the abundance of cocoanut trees both
+on this and the Duke of York's island, in the trunks of which holes were
+cut transversely to catch and preserve water, and as no other water was
+seen by us we supposed it was the only means they had of procuring that
+useful and necessary article. On the 18th in the forenoon we saw a very
+high island and as I supposed it to be a new discovery I called it
+Chatham island,[49-1] and standing in for it, I perceived a Bay towards
+the N.E. end and I made a tack to endeavour to look into it. Perceiving
+that I could not accomplish my intentions before night I bore away and
+ran along the shore and sent the tender to reconnoitre, and found,
+opposite to a sandy beach where there was an Indian town, she got 25
+fathoms about a quarter of a mile from the reef, which runs off the place
+and carries soundings of sand regularly in to 5 fathoms.
+
+In the morning a boat was sent to ground in an opening in the reef before
+the town, in which 3 fathoms of water was found, and 2˝ fathoms within
+it. This harbour is situated on the North side near the middle, but
+rather nearest to the West end.[49-2] We were told that there was a river
+there, and another or two between it and the South end. We then ran round
+the West to the S.W. end of the island and in the bay there 25 fathoms of
+water was found, the bottom rather foul and bad landing for a ship's
+boat. The natives said there was another, but the boat being called on
+board by signal she did not dare to examine into the truth of their
+report. We found here a native of the Friendly Islands, who called
+himself Fenow, and a relation of the chief of that name of
+Tongataboo.[49-3] Fenow said he had seen Captain Cook and English ships
+at the Friendly Islands, and that the natives of this island had never
+seen a ship before they saw the _Pandora_. The island is more than 30
+miles long. A high mountain [4000 feet] extends almost from one extremity
+to the other, which tapers down gradually at the ends and sides to the
+sea where it generally terminates in perpendicular cliffs of moderate
+height, except in a few places where there is a white beach of coral
+sand. The natives called the island Otewhy;[50-1] latitude of
+Northernmost point 13° 27' 48" S. Longitude 172° 32' 13" W. South Point
+Latitude 13° 46' 18" S., Longitude 172° 18' 20" W., and East point in
+Latitude 13° 32' 20" S. and Longitude 172° 2' W.
+
+On the 21st we saw another island[50-2] about 4 leagues to the Eastward
+of this, and there are two small islands between them, a small one in the
+middle and four off its East end, three of which are of considerable
+height. There is a greater variety of mountains and valleys in this than
+in Chatham's and it is exceedingly well wooded, and the trees of enormous
+size grow upon the very summits of the mountains with spreading heads
+resembling the oak. The same sort of trees were also seen in the same
+situation at Chatham, but not in so great abundance. This island is near
+forty miles long and of considerable breadth. The natives called it
+Oattooah.[50-3] Their canoes (although not so well finished), language
+and some of their customs much resemble those of the Friendly Islands,
+but they have some peculiar to themselves--that of dyeing their skins
+yellow and which is a mark of distinction amongst them is one of
+them.[50-4] The Latitude of the West point is 13° 52' 25" S. and
+Longitude 171° 49' 13" W. and the S.E. part in Latitude 14° 3' 30" S.
+and Longitude 171° 12' 50" W. As this island by our account was
+considerably to the Westward of the Navigators' islands, we at first
+supposed it to be a new discovery, but in visiting the other of the
+Navigators' islands discovered by Mons. Bougainville and running down
+again upon this we had reason to suppose that the S.E. end of Oattooah
+had been seen by him at a distance, and that it was the last island of
+the group that he saw.[51-1]
+
+Between five and six o'clock of the evening of the 22nd June lost sight
+of our tender in a thick shower of rain. Some thought that they saw her
+light again at eight o'clock, but in the morning she was not to be seen.
+We cruised about for her in sight of the island on the 23rd and 24th and
+as I could not find the tender near the place where she was first lost, I
+thought it better to make the best of my way to Annamooka, the place
+appointed as a last rendezvous and to endeavour to get there before her,
+lest her small force should be a temptation to the natives to attack her,
+and accordingly we stood to the Southward.[51-2] When we were to the
+Eastward of Oattooah we saw another island bearing from us about E.S.E.
+eight leagues. We afterwards knew that this was one of the Navigators'
+islands seen by Mons. Bougainville. On the morning of the 28th we saw the
+Happy [Haapai] islands, and before noon a group of islands to the
+Eastward of Annamooka. We passed round to the Southward of these islands
+and ran down between little Annamooka and the Fallafagee isles and on the
+29th anchored in Annamooka Road.
+
+Whilst we were watering the ship, &c. I sent Lt. Hayward to the Happy
+[Haapai] Islands in a double canoe, which I hired of Tooboo a chief of
+these islands for the purpose of examining them and to make inquiries
+after the _Bounty_ and the tender, but no intelligence could be got of
+either of these vessels at these two islands, nor at either of the Happy
+islands, and having completed our water and got a plentiful supply of
+yams and a few hogs, we sailed from thence on the 10th July. The natives
+were very daring in their thefts, but some of the articles stolen were
+recovered again by the chiefs, yet many of them were entirely lost, and
+as I did not think it proper to carry things to extremities on that
+occasion for fear that too much rigour might operate to the disadvantage
+of the tender should she arrive at the island in our absence, which I
+told them I expected she would do, and that I intended to return with the
+ship in about 20 days, and I left a letter of instructions for the tender
+with Moukahkahlah, a resident chief, which he promised to deliver. He is
+not the superior chief, but we found him most useful to us and I thought
+him the most worthy of trust.
+
+Whilst we were at Annamooka, Fattahfahe [Fatafehi][52-1] the chief of all
+the islands, and who generally resides at Tongataboo or Amsterdam
+Island, came to visit us, as did also a great number of the chiefs from
+the adjacent islands and to all of whom I gave presents and also to such
+of their friends and attendances that were introduced for the purpose of
+receiving favours. A person called Toobou was the principal person in
+authority at Annamooka when we arrived there. I learned that he belonged
+to Tongataboo, and had little property on the island he governed, and I
+supposed that he was a deputy or minister of Fattahfahe who is generally
+acknowledged to be the superior chief of all the islands known under the
+names of the Friendly, Happy, and also of many other islands unknown to
+us. Fattahfahe and Toobou were on board the _Pandora_ when she got under
+way, attended by two large double sailing canoes, the largest of which
+had upwards of 40 persons on board. I suppose that they came on board to
+take leave and in expectation of getting some additional farewell
+presents, in which they were not disappointed.
+
+I knew that Fattahfahe was shortly going to make a tour of the Happy
+Islands, and as I perceived that he was exceedingly well pleased with
+what I had given him, and with his situation and accommodation on board
+the ship, I invited him to come with us to Toofoa [Tofoa] and Kaho [Kao],
+two islands I was then steering for and that I intended to visit, as I
+thought he would be useful by procuring us a favourable landing at
+Toofoa, the island whose inhabitants had behaved so treacherously to Lt.
+Bligh when he put in there for refreshments in the _Bounty's_ launch.
+Before the sun set we got within a small distance of the island, but it
+was too late for our boats to go on shore, and the canoes were sent to
+the islands to announce the arrival of these great chiefs; their coming
+in the ship I made no doubt would increase their consequence, and
+probably also the tribute they might think proper to impose on their
+subjects.
+
+The next morning Lt. Corner, attended by the two chiefs, was sent on
+shore at Toofoa to search and to make the necessary inquiries after the
+_Bounty_ and our tender, &c. and then to cross the channel which is about
+three or four miles over, and to do the same at Kaho, and when I saw the
+boat put off from Toofoa and stand over for the other island I bore away
+with the ship and ran through the channel between the two islands. At
+four in the afternoon Lt. Corner, Fattahfahe and Toobou, returned on
+board without success in their search and inquiries. The two chiefs were
+put on board their canoes, and they made sail for the Happy
+Islands.[54-1]
+
+I now intended to have visited Tongataboo and the other of the Friendly
+Islands, but, as the wind was Southerly and unfavourable for the purpose,
+I took the resolution once more to visit Oattooah, and also the
+Navigators' Islands in search of the _Bounty_ and our tender and to
+endeavour to fall in to the eastward of those islands. On the morning of
+the 12th we discovered a cluster of islands bearing from us W. by S. to
+N.W. by N., but as the wind was favourable for us to proceed I did not
+think it proper to lose time in examining them now, but intended to do it
+on my return to the Friendly Islands.[55-1]
+
+On the 14th, in the forenoon, we saw three islands, which we supposed to
+be the three first islands seen by Mons. Bougainville and part of the
+cluster called by him "Navigators' Islands," the largest of these islands
+the natives called Toomahnuah.[55-2] We passed them at a convenient
+distance and several canoes came towards the ship, and it was with great
+difficulty that we prevailed on them to come alongside, and still greater
+difficulty to get them into the ship. They brought very few things in
+their canoes except cocoanuts, which I bought, and then gave them a few
+things as presents before they left the ship, and after making the
+necessary inquiries as far as our limited knowledge of the language would
+permit us, I proceeded to the Westward and before daylight on the morning
+of the 15th we saw another island. We ran down on the North side of it
+and brought to occasionally to find and take on board canoes.
+
+We found the same shyness amongst the natives here as at the last
+islands, but a few presents being given to them they at last ventured on
+board. The island is called by them Otootooillah.[55-3] It is at least 5
+leagues long; we supposed it to be another of the islands seen by Mons.
+Bougainville. We got soundings in 53 fathoms water, and the depth
+decreased as we stood in shore, and there is probable anchorage on this
+side of the island sheltered from the prevailing winds, but we did not
+see the reef mentioned by Mons. Bougainville to run two leagues from the
+West end.
+
+After making inquiries after the _Bounty_ and tender and making presents
+to our visitors, we steered to the Westward, inclining to the North and
+before night saw Oattooa, bearing W.N.W. The South East end of this
+island was also probably seen by Mons. Bougainville, but by his
+description he could only have had a distant and a very imperfect view of
+the island. On the 16th we ran down on the South side of it, almost to
+the West end, and had frequent communication with the natives, but could
+get no information relative either to the _Bounty_ or our tender. We saw
+a few of the natives with blue, mulberry and other coloured beads about
+their necks, and we understood that they got them from Cook at
+Tongataboo, one of the Friendly Islands. Having finished my business
+here, I stood to the Southward with the intention of visiting the group
+of islands we had discovered on our way hither, and we got sight of them
+again in the afternoon of the 18th.[56-1]
+
+On the 19th, in the morning we ran down on the North side until we came
+to an opening through which we could see the sea on the opposite side,
+and a kind of sound is formed by some islands to the North East and some
+islands of considerable size to the South West, and in the intermediate
+space there are several small islands and rocks. On the larboard hand of
+the North entrance there is a shoal, on which the sea appears to break
+although there is from ten to twelve fathoms of water upon it. In the
+other part of the entrance there is forty fathoms of water or more. Our
+boat had only time to examine the entrance and the larboard side of the
+sound, in which there are interior bays where about 30 fathoms of water
+is to be found within a cables length of the shore. The branches of the
+sound on the starboard side, and which are yet unexamined, appear to
+promise better anchorage than was found on the opposite shore, and should
+it turn out so, it will be by far the safest and best anchorage hitherto
+known amongst the Friendly Islands.[57-1]
+
+The natives told us there was good water at several places within the
+sound, and there is plenty of wood. Several of the inferior chiefs were
+on board us, amongst whom were one of Fattahfahe's and one of Toobou's
+family, but the principal chief of the island was not on board, but we
+supposed he was coming at the time we made sail.[57-2] They brought on
+board yams, cocoanuts, some bread fruit, and a few hogs and fowls, and
+would have supplied us with more hogs had it been convenient for us to
+have made a longer stay with them, and which they entreated us much to
+do. We found them very fair in their dealings, very inoffensive and
+better behaved than any savages we had yet seen.
+
+They have frequent communication with Annamooka and the other Friendly
+Islands, and their customs and language appear to be nearly the same. I
+called the whole group Howe's Islands. The islands on the larboard side
+of the North entrance I distinguished by the names of Barrington[58-1]
+and Sawyer, two to the starboard side with the names of Hotham[58-2] and
+Jarvis.[58-3] A high island a considerable way to the North West I called
+Gardener's island,[58-4] and another high island to the South West was
+called Bickerton's island.[58-5] There is a small high isle about four
+miles to the S.W. of this, and a small low island about five or six miles
+to the S.E. by E. of Gardener's island,[58-6] and several islands to the
+S.E. of the islands forming the sound and too several small islands
+within it to which no names were given.
+
+On the 20th at two in the morning, we passed within two miles of the
+small island that lies to the S.E. from Gardener's island, and soon after
+saw Gardener's island, on the N.W. side of which there appeared to be
+tolerable good landing on shingle beach, and a little to the right of
+this place, at the upper edge of the cliffs is a volcano, from which we
+observed the smoke issuing. There are recent marks of convulsion having
+happened in the island. Some parts of it appear to have fallen in, and
+other parts to be turned upside down. This part of the island is the most
+barren land we have seen in the country.[58-7] At nine o'clock thought
+we saw a large island bearing N. by W. and I made sail towards it, and as
+the weather was hazy we did not discover our mistake till near noon, when
+I hauled the wind to the Southward. On the 23rd saw an island from the
+masthead which I suppose was one of the Pylstaart islands.[59-1] On the
+26th in the morning saw the island of Middleburgh and on the 27th ran in
+between Middleburgh, Eooa and Tongataboo.
+
+Several canoes came on board us from the different islands. We were then
+within half a mile of the last, and equally near to the shoals of the
+second, but not so near to Middleburgh, yet we were near enough to see
+into English Road. At these islands we could neither see nor get any
+satisfactory information relative to the objects of our search. The
+natives brought in their canoes, yams, cocoanuts and a few small hogs,
+and I made no doubt that I should have been able to procure plenty of
+these articles had it been convenient for me to have stayed at these
+islands. The difficulty in getting in and out of the harbour and the
+indifferent quality of the water were alone sufficient objections against
+my stopping here. The road at Annamooka was more convenient for getting
+out and in, and the water, although not of the best quality, is reported
+to be better than that found at Amsterdam [Tongatabu], and Annamooka
+being the place I had appointed as a rendezvous for the tender I did not
+hesitate in giving the preference to it, and accordingly made the best of
+my way thither, and we saw the Fallafagee islands (which lie near
+Annamooka) [Kotu Group?] before dark, and also Toofoa, Kaho and Hoonga
+Tonga islands to the Westward, which are visible at a greater distance.
+
+On the 28th July anchored in Annamooka Road. The person who now had the
+principal authority on the shore was a young chief whom we had not seen
+before. There was the same respect paid to him as was paid to Fattahfahe
+and to Toobou; neither of these chiefs nor Moukahkahlah were now in the
+islands, and the natives were now more daring in their thefts than ever,
+and would sometimes endeavour to take things by force, and robbed and
+stripped some of our people that were separated from the party. Lt.
+Corner, who commanded the watering and wooding parties on shore, received
+a blow on the head and was robbed of a curiosity he had bought and held
+in his hand, and with which the thief was making off. Lt. Corner shot the
+thief in the back, and he fell to the ground; at the same instant the
+natives attempted to take axes and a saw from the wooding party, and
+actually got off with two axes, one by force and the other by stealth,
+but they did not succeed in getting the saw. Two muskets were fired at
+the thieves, yet it was supposed that they were not hurt, but we are told
+that the other man died of his wound. One of the yawls was on shore at
+the time, and the long boat was landing near her with an empty cask. Lt.
+Corner drew the wooding and watering parties towards the boats and then
+began to load them with the wood that was cut.
+
+A boat was sent from the ship to inquire the cause of the firing that was
+heard, but before she returned a canoe came from the shore to inform the
+principal chief (whom I had brought on board to dine with me) that one of
+the natives had been killed by our people. The chief was very much
+agitated at the information, and wanted to get out of the cabin windows
+into the canoe, but I would not suffer him to do it and told him I would
+go on shore with him myself in a little time in one of the ship's boats.
+Our boat soon returned and gave me an account of what had passed on
+shore. I told the chief that the Lieutenant had been struck, and that he
+and his party had been robbed of several things, and that I was very glad
+that the thief had been shot, and that I should shoot every person who
+attempted to rob us, but that no other person except the thief should be
+hurt by us on that account. The axes and some other things that had been
+stolen before were returned and very few robbings of any consequence were
+attempted and discovered until the day of our departure.
+
+I took this opportunity of showing the chief what execution the cannon
+and carronades would do by firing a six-pound shot on shore and an
+eighteen-pounder carronade loaded with grape shot into the sea. I
+afterwards went on shore with two boats and took with me the chief and
+his attendants, and before I returned on board again told him that I
+should send on shore the next morning for water and wood, and that I
+should also come on shore myself in the course of the day, all which he
+approved of and desired me to do, and accordingly the next morning, the
+31st July the watering and wooding parties were sent on shore and carried
+on their business without interruption, and in the afternoon I went on
+shore myself and made a small present to the chief and to some other
+people.
+
+On the 2nd August, having completed my water, &c. and thinking it time to
+return to England I did not think proper to wait any longer for the
+tender, but left instructions for her commander should she happen to
+arrive after my departure, and I sailed from Annamooka, attended by a
+number of chiefs and canoes belonging to those and the surrounding
+islands. After the ship was under way some of the natives had the address
+to get in at the cabin windows and stole out of the cabin some books and
+other things, and they had actually got into their canoes before they
+were discovered. The thieves were allowed to make their escape, but the
+canoes that had stolen these things were brought alongside and broke up
+for firewood. During this transaction the other natives carried on their
+traffic alongside with as much unconcern as if nothing had happened.
+
+I made farewell presents to all the chiefs and to many others of
+different descriptions, and after hauling round Annamooka shoals, passed
+to the Eastward of Toofoa and Kaho, and in the morning saw Bickerton's
+island and the small island to the Southward of it. On the 4th, in the
+evening, saw land bearing N.N.W. At first we took it to be Keppel's and
+Boscowen's islands, which I intended to visit, and by account was only a
+few miles to the Westward of them. As we approached the land we perceived
+that it was only one island, and as I supposed that it was a new
+discovery I called it Proby's island.[62-1] The hills, of which there
+are a great many of different heights and forms, are planted with
+cocoanuts and other trees, and the houses of a larger size than we had
+usually seen on the islands in these seas; were on the tops of hills of
+moderate height. We passed from S.E. end to the East, round to the North
+and N.W.
+
+Landing appeared to be very indifferent until we came near the N.W.,
+where the land formed itself into a kind of bay, and where the landing
+appeared to be better. The natives brought on board cocoanuts and
+plantains, all of which I bought, and made them a present of a few
+articles of iron. They told us that they had water, hogs, fowls and yams
+on shore and plenty of wood. They spoke nearly the same language as at
+the Friendly Islands. It lies in latitude 15° 53' S. and longitude 175°
+51' W. I was now convinced that I was rather further to the Westward than
+I expected, and examining the island had carried me still further that
+way. I therefore gave up my intention of visiting Boscowen's and Keppel's
+islands,[63-1] as the regaining the Easting necessary would take up more
+time than would be prudent to allow at this advanced time of the season,
+and as soon as I had made the necessary inquiries, &c., after the
+_Bounty_, &c., our course was shaped with a view to fall in to the
+Eastward of Wallis' Island,[63-2] and the next day, the 5th, a little
+before noon saw that island bearing West by South, estimated by the
+master at ten leagues, but I did not myself suppose it to be more than
+seven leagues from us at that time.
+
+Canoes came off to us and brought us cocoanuts and fish, which they sold
+for nails, and I also made them a present of some small articles which I
+always made a rule to do to first adventurers, hoping that it might turn
+out advantageous to future visitors, but they went away before I had
+given them all I intended. They told us that there was running water,
+hogs and fowls on shore. They spoke the language of the Friendly Islands,
+and I observed that one of the men had both of his little fingers cut
+off, and the flesh over his cheekbones very much bruised after the manner
+of the natives of those islands.[64-1]
+
+In the evening I bore away and made sail to the Westward intending to run
+between Espiritu Santo and Santa Cruz, and to keep between the tracks of
+Captain Carteret and Lt. Bligh, and on the 8th at 10 at night saw land
+bearing from the W. by S. We had no ground at 110 fathoms. At daylight I
+bore away and passed round the East end and ran down on the South side of
+the island. There is a white beach on these parts of the island on which
+there appears to be tolerable good landing, or better than is usually
+seen on the islands in these seas, and there is probably anchorage in
+different places on this side or under the small islands, of which there
+are several near the principal island, but as I did not hoist out the
+boats to sound that still remains a doubt.
+
+There are cocoanut trees all along the shore behind the beach, and an
+uncommon number of boughs amongst them. The island is rather high,
+diversified with hills of different forms, some of which might obtain the
+name of mountain, but they are cultivated up to their very summits with
+cocoanut trees and other articles, and the island is in general as well
+or better cultivated and its inhabitants more numerous for its size than
+any of the islands we have hitherto seen. The principal island is about 7
+miles long and three or four broad, but including the islands off its
+East and West ends, and which latter are joined to it by a reef, it is
+about ten miles long. I called it Grenville Island [Rotuma], supposing it
+to be a new discovery. Its latitude is 12° 29' and longitude 183° 03' W.
+
+A great number of paddling canoes came off and viewed the ship at a
+distance, and I believed that their intentions were at first hostile.
+They were all armed with clubs and they had a great quantity of stones in
+their canoes which they use in battle, and they all occasionally joined
+in a kind of war-whoop. We made signs of peace, and offered them a
+variety of toys which drew them alongside, and then into the ship where
+they behaved very quietly; probably the unexpected presents they got from
+us, and our number and strength might operate in favour of peace.
+However, they seemed to have the same propensity to thieving as the
+natives of the other islands, and gave us many, some of which ludicrous,
+examples.
+
+Although at so great a distance they said that they were acquainted with
+the Friendly islands, and had learned from them the use of iron.[65-1]
+They were tattooed in a different manner from the natives of the other
+islands we had visited, having the figure of a fish, birds and a variety
+of other things marked upon their arms. Their canoes were not so
+delicately formed nor so well finished as at the Friendly islands, but
+more resemble those of the Duke of York's, the Duke of Clarence's and the
+Navigators' islands. Neither sailing or double canoes came on board,
+neither did we see any of either of these descriptions. They told us that
+water and many other useful things, the usual produce of the islands in
+these seas, could be procured on shore.
+
+Their language appeared something to resemble that spoken at the Friendly
+islands, and after asking them such questions as we thought necessary,
+some of which probably were not understood perfectly by them, or their
+answers by us, we made sail and continued our course to the Westward. No
+women were seen in the canoes that visited us, which curiosity or the
+hope of getting some pleasing toys usually bring to our side, but this is
+another proof that their original intentions were hostile. We passed the
+island in so short a time that those who neglected to come out at our
+first appearance had not afterwards the opportunity to visit us.
+
+On the 11th at eleven o'clock in the morning we struck soundings on a
+bank in twelve to fourteen fathoms water and at ten minutes after eleven
+had no ground in one hundred and forty fathoms. No land was then in
+sight, nor did we get any soundings after in the course of the day. It
+was called Pandora's Bank, its Latitude 12° 11' S. and Longitude 188° 68'
+W.
+
+On the next morning saw a small island which met in two high hummocks and
+a steeple rock which lies high on the West side of the hummocks. It
+obtained the name of Mitre Island. The shore appeared to be steep to, and
+we had no bottom at 120 fathoms within three quarters of a mile of the
+shore. There was no landing place or sign of inhabitants. The tops of the
+hills were covered with wood. There was also some on the sides, but not
+in so great an abundance they being too steep and too bare of soil in
+some places to support it. Latitude 11° 49' S. and Longitude 190° 04'
+30" W.[67-1]
+
+By nine o'clock we had passed it and steered to the Westward, and soon
+afterwards we saw another island bearing N.W. by N. We hauled up to the
+N.W. to make it out more distinctly as it is of considerable height, yet
+not much more than a mile long, and the top and the side of the hills
+very well cultivated and a number of houses were seen near the beach in a
+bay on the South side of the island. The beach from the East round to the
+South of the West end is of white sand, but there was then too much surf
+for the ship's boat to land upon it with safety. I called it Cherry's
+Island [Native name: Anula]. Its Latitude is 11° 37' S. and Longitude
+190° 19' 30" W.[67-2]
+
+On the 13th August a little before noon we saw an island bearing about
+N.W. by N. In general it is high, but to the West and North West the
+mountain tapered down to a round point of moderate height. It abounds
+with wood, even the summits of the mountain are covered with trees. In
+the S.E. end there was the appearance of a harbour, and from that place
+the reef runs along the South side to the Westernmost extremity. In some
+places its distance is not much more than a mile from the shore, in other
+places it is considerably more. Although we were sometimes within less
+than a mile of the reef we saw neither house nor people. The haziness of
+the weather prevented us from seeing objects distinctly, yet we saw smoke
+very plain, from which it may be presumed that the island is inhabited.
+It is six or seven leagues long and of considerable breadth. I called it
+Pitt's Island. Its Latitude is 11° 50' 30" S. South point, and Longitude
+193° 14' 15" W.[68-1]
+
+At midnight between the 16th and 17th of August breakers were discovered
+ahead and upon our bow, and not a mile from us. We were lying to and
+heaving the lead at the time and had no ground at 120 fathoms. We wore
+the ship and stood from them and in less than an hour after more breakers
+were seen extending more than a point before our lee beam, but we made
+more sail and so got clear of them all. At daylight we put about with the
+intention of examining the breakers we had seen in the night and we made
+two boards, but perceiving that I could not weather them without some
+risk I bore up and ran round its N.W. end. It is a double reef enclosing
+a space of deeper water like the lagoon islands so common in these seas,
+and probably will become one in the course of time. The sea breaks pretty
+high upon it in different parts, but there is no part of the reef
+absolutely above water. It is about seven miles long in the direction of
+N.W. by N. Its breadth is not so much. Called it Willis's shoal. It lies
+in Latitude 12° 20' S. and Longitude 200° 2' W.[69-1]
+
+We pursued our course to the Westward and on the 23rd saw the land
+bearing from N.E. to N. by W. The Easternmost land when first seen was
+ten or twelve leagues from us and it cannot be far to the Westward of the
+land seen by Mons. Bougainville and called by him Louisiade, and probably
+joins to it. The cape is in Latitude 10° 3' 32" S. and Longitude 212°
+14' W., was called Cape Rodney and another cape in Latitude 9° 58' S. and
+Longitude 212° 37' W. was called Cape Hood, and an island lying between
+them was called Mount Clarence. After passing Cape Hood the land appears
+lower and to branch off about N.N.W. and to form a deep and wide bay, or
+perhaps a passage through, for we saw no other land, and there are doubts
+whether it joins New Guinea or not.[69-2]
+
+I pursued my course to the Westward between the Latitudes of 10° and 9°
+33' S. keeping the mouth of Endeavour Straits open, by which I hoped to
+avoid the difficulties and dangers experienced by Captain Cook in his
+passage through the reef in a higher latitude, and also the difficulties
+he met with when within in his run from thence to the Strait's
+mouth.[70-1]
+
+On the 25th August at 9 in the morning, saw breakers from the mast head
+bearing from us W. by S. to W.N.W. I hauled up to the Southward and
+passed to the Eastward of them. It runs in the direction of W.S.W. and
+E.N.E. 4' or 5', and another side runs in the direction of N.W. the
+distance unknown. The sea broke very moderately upon it, in some places
+barely perceptibly. In the interior part a very small sand-bank was seen
+from the mast-head, and no other part of the reef was above water. It
+obtained the name of Look-Out shoal.[70-2]
+
+Before noon we saw more breakers which proved to be one of those
+half-formed islands enclosing a lagoon, the reef of which was composed
+principally of very large stones, but a sandbank was seen from the mast
+head extending to the Southward of it, and as I could not weather it and
+seeing another opening to the Westward, I steered to the W.S.W., and a
+little before two o'clock saw the island to the Westward of us, and
+another reef bearing about S.W. by South and I then steered W. ˝ N. until
+half past five, when a reef was seen extending from the island a
+considerable way to the N.W., the island bearing then about W.S.W. I
+immediately hauled upon the wind in order to pass to the Southward of it,
+and seeing a passage to the Northward obstructed[71-1] I stood on and
+off, and was still during the night, and in the morning bore away; but as
+we drew near we also saw a reef extending to the Southward from the South
+end of the island. I ran to the Southward along the reef with the
+intention and expectation of getting round it, and the whole day was
+spent without succeeding in my purpose and without seeing the end of the
+reef, or any break in it that gave the least hopes of a channel fit for a
+ship.[71-2]
+
+The islands, which I called Murray's Islands, are four in number, two of
+them are of considerable height and may be seen twelve leagues. The
+principal island is not more than three miles long. It is well wooded and
+at the top of the highest hill the rocks have the appearance of a
+fortified garrison. The other high island is only a single mountain
+almost destitute of trees and verdure. The other two are only crazy
+barren rocks. We saw three two mast boats under sail near the reef, which
+we supposed belong to the islands. Murray Islands lie in Latitude 9° 57'
+S. and Longitude 216° 43' W. We kept turning to the Southward along the
+reef until the 28th in search of a channel and in the forenoon of that
+day we thought we saw an opening through the reef near a white sandy
+island or key, and a little before Lt. Corner was sent in the yawl to
+examine it. At three quarters past four he made the signal that there was
+a channel through the reef fit for a ship, and after a signal was made
+and repeated for the boat to return on board, and after dark false fires
+and muskets were fired from the ship, and answered with muskets by the
+boat repeatedly to point out the situation of each other. We sounded
+frequently but had no ground at 110 fathoms.
+
+At about twenty minutes after seven the boat was seen close in under our
+stern and at the same time we got soundings in 50 fathoms water. We
+immediately made sail, but before the tacks were on board and the sails
+trimmed the ship struck upon the reef when we were getting 4ź less 2
+fathoms water on the larboard side, and 3 fathoms on the starboard side.
+Got out the boats with a view to carrying out an anchor, but before it
+could be effected the ship struck so heavily on the reef that the
+carpenters reported that she made 18 inches of water in five minutes, and
+in five minutes after there was four feet of water in the hold. Finding
+the leak increase so fast found it necessary to turn all hands to the
+pumps and to bale at the different hatchways. She still continued to gain
+upon us so much that under an hour and a half after she had struck there
+was eight feet of water in the hold, and we perceived that the ship had
+beat over the reef where we had 10 fathoms water. We let go the small
+bower and veered away the cable and let go the best bower under foot in
+15 fathoms water to steady the ship. At this time the water only gained
+upon us in a small degree and we flattered ourselves for some time that
+by the assistance of a top sail which we were preparing and intended to
+haul under the ship's bottom we might be able to free her of water, but
+these flattering hopes did not continue long, for as she settled in the
+water the leaks increased and in so great a degree that there was reason
+to apprehend that she would sink before daylight.
+
+In the course of the night two of the pumps were for some time rendered
+useless, one, however was repaired, and we continued baling and pumping
+the remainder of the night and every effort was made to keep her
+afloat.[73-1] Daylight fortunately appeared and gave us the opportunity
+to see our situation and the surrounding danger. Our boats were kept
+astern of the ship; a small quantity of provisions and other necessaries
+were put into them, rafts were made, and all floating things upon the
+deck were unlashed. At half past six the hold was filled with water, and
+water was between decks and it also washed in at the upper deck ports,
+and there were strong indications that the ship was upon the very point
+of sinking, and we began to leap overboard and to take to the boats, and
+before everybody could get out of her the ship actually sank.[73-2] The
+boats continued astern on the ship in the direction of the drift of the
+tide from here, and took up the people that had held on to the rafts or
+other floating things that had been cast loose for the purpose of
+supporting them in the water.[74-1]
+
+We loaded two of the boats with people and sent them to the island, or
+rather key, about three or four miles from the ship, and then other two
+boats remained near the ship for some time and picked up all the people
+that could be seen and then followed the two first boats to the key, and
+after landing the people, &c. the boats were immediately sent again to
+look about the wreck and the adjoining reefs for missing people, but they
+returned without having found a single person. On mustering we discovered
+that 89 of the ship's company and 10 of the pirates that were on board
+were saved, and that 31[74-2] of the ship's company and 4 pirates were
+lost with the ship. The boats were hauled up and secured to fit them for
+the intended run to Timor; an account was taken of the provision and
+other articles saved, and they were spread to dry, and we put ourselves
+to the following allowance, to 3 ounces of bread, which was occasionally
+reduced to 2 ounces, to half an ounce of portable soup, to half an ounce
+of essence of malt, (but these two articles were not served until after
+we left the key, and they were at other times withheld), to two small
+glasses of water and one of wine.
+
+On the afternoon of the 30th sent a boat to the wreck to see if anything
+could be procured. She returned with the head of the T.G. mast, a little
+of the T.G. rigging, and part of the chain of the lightning conductor,
+but without a single article of provision. The boat was also sent to
+examine the channel through the reef &c. and was afterwards sent
+a-fishing. She lost her grapnel, but no fish were caught.
+
+On the 31st the boats were completed and were launched, and we put
+everything we had saved on board of them and at half past ten in the
+forenoon we embarked, 30 on board the launch, 25 in the pinnace, 23 in
+one yawl and 21 in the other yawl.[75-1] We steered N.W. by W. and W.N.W.
+within the reef. This channel through the reef is better than any
+hitherto known, besides the advantage it has of being situated further
+to the North, by which many difficulties would be avoided when within the
+reef. In the run from thence to the entrance of Endeavour Straits there
+is a small white island or key on the larboard end of the channel, which
+lies in Latitude 11° 23' S., the sides are strong and irregular.
+
+On the 1st September in the morning saw land, which probably was the
+continent of New South Wales. The yawls were sent on shore to ground and
+look out. They saw a run of water, landed and filled their two barricois,
+which were the only vessels of consequence they had with them, and I
+steered for an island called by Lt. Bligh Mountainous Island, and when
+joined by the boats ran into a bay of that island where we saw Indians on
+the beach. The water was shoal and the Indians waded off to the boats. I
+gave them some presents and made them sensible that we were in want of
+water. They brought us a vessel filled with water which we had given them
+for the purpose, and they returned to fill it again. They used many signs
+to signify that they wished us to land, but we declined their invitation
+from motives of prudence.
+
+Just as a person was entering the water with the second vessel of fresh
+water, an arrow was discharged at us by another person, which struck my
+boat on the quarter, and perceiving that they were collecting bows and
+arrows a volley of small arms was fired at them which put them to flight.
+I did not think proper to land and get water by force as land was seen at
+that time in different directions, which by appearance was likely to
+produce that article, and which I flattered myself we might be able to
+procure without being drove to that extremity. I therefore ran close
+along the shore of this island and landed at different places at some
+distance from the former situation. I also landed at another island near
+it which I called Plum Island[77-1] from its producing a species of that
+fruit, but we were unsuccessful in finding the article we were in search
+of, and in so much want of.
+
+In the evening we steered for the islands which we supposed were those
+called by Captain Cook the Prince of Wales' Islands, and before midnight
+came to a grapnel with the boats near one of these islands, in a large
+sound formed by several of the surrounding islands, to several of which
+we gave names, and called the sound Sandwich Sound.[77-2] It is fit for
+the reception of ships, having from five to seven fathoms of water. There
+is plenty of wood on most of the islands, and by digging we found very
+good water. On the flat part of a large island which I called Lafory's
+Island,[77-3] situated on the larboard hand as we entered the sound from
+the Eastward we saw a burying place and several wolves[77-4] near the
+watering place, but we saw no natives. Here we filled our vessels with
+water and made two canvas bags in which we also put water, but with this
+assistance we had barely the means to take a gallon of water for each man
+in the boats. We sent our kettles on shore and made tea and portable
+broth, and a few oysters were picked off the rocks with which we made a
+comfortable meal, indeed the only one we had made since the day before we
+left the ship.
+
+On the 2nd September at half past three in the afternoon we stood out of
+the North entrance of the sound. Before five we saw a reef extending from
+the North to the W.N.W. and which appeared to run in the latter direction
+or more to the Westward.[77-5] On the edge of this reef we had 3ź fathoms
+of water and after hauling to the S.W. we soon deepened our water to 5
+fathoms. Besides Mountainous and West Islands seen by Lt. Bligh we saw
+several other islands between the North and the West, one of which I
+called Hawkesbury Island. We saw several large turtle.
+
+In the evening we saw the Northernmost extremity of New South Wales,
+which forms the South side of Endeavour Straits. At night the boats took
+each other in tow and we steered to the Westward.
+
+It is unnecessary to retail our particular sufferings in the boats during
+our run to Timor and it is sufficient to observe that we suffered more
+from heat and thirst than from hunger, and that our strength was greatly
+decreased.[78-1] We fortunately had good weather, and the sea was
+generally not very rough, and the boats were more buoyant and lively in
+the water that we reasonably could have expected considering the weight
+and numbers we had in them.
+
+At seven o'clock in the morning of the 13th September we saw the island
+of Timor bearing N.W. We continued our course to the W.N.W. till noon,
+but the other boats hauled for the land and we separated from them. At
+one o'clock we were well in with the land and a party was sent on shore
+in search of water, but none was found here, nor at several other places
+we examined as we passed along the coast, until the next morning, when
+good water was found. We also bought a few small fish, which when divided
+afforded some two or three ounces per man. Here the launch joined us
+again. They informed us that they had got a supply of water the evening
+before.
+
+On the 15th in the morning saw the island of Rotte. At half past three in
+the afternoon entered the Straits of Samoa. Before midnight we came to a
+grapnel off the float or Coopang and found here one ship, a ketch and two
+or three small craft. The launch separated from us soon after dark to get
+up to Coopang the next day in the forenoon. On the morning of the 16th by
+our account (which was the 17th in this country) at daylight we hailed
+the fort and informed them whom we were. A small boat was sent to us, and
+myself and Lt. Hayward landed at the usual place near the Chinese Temple
+where we were received by the Lt. Governor, Mr. Fruy and Mr. Bouberg,
+Capt. Lieutenant of a Company ship that lay in the road, and conducted by
+them to Governor Wanjon, who received us with great humanity and goodness
+of heart. Refreshments were immediately prepared for myself and the
+lieutenant. Provision was provided, the people ordered to land, and they
+all dined in the Governor's own house, and an arrangement was made for
+the reception and accommodation of the whole party as they arrived.
+
+The church and the church-yard was assigned for the use of the private
+seamen, a house was hired for the warrant and petty officers. The people
+that were ill were put under the care of Mr. Zimers, the Surgeon-General.
+Governor Wanjon did me and Lt. Hayward the honour of lodging and
+entertaining us in his own house. Mr. Corner, the second Lieutenant and
+Mr. Bentham, the Purser, were received in the house of Mr. Fruy, the
+Lieutenant-Governor. Lt. Larkin and Mr. Passmore were taken into the
+house of Mr. Brouberg, the Captain-Lieutenant of the Company ship, and
+Mr. Hamilton, the surgeon, was accommodated in the house of Mr. Zimers,
+the Surgeon-General, and Governor Wanjon did everything in his power to
+supply our present wants, or that would contribute to the
+re-establishment of our health and strength and even to our amusement,
+and this benevolent example was followed by Mr. Fruy, the
+Lieutenant-Governor and the other gentlemen of the place. Two months'
+provision was provided for the ship's company and put on board the
+_Remberg_ [_Rembang_], a Dutch East India Company ship, and we embarked
+on board the same ship for Batavia on the 6th October, 1791.[80-1]
+
+Before we sailed Governor Wanjon delivered to me eight men, one woman and
+two children who came to Coopang in June last in a six-oared cutter. They
+are supposed to be late deserters from the colony at Port Jackson. Food
+bills were given on the different departments of the Navy for the
+provisions and other necessaries we were supplied with at Coopang and
+also for the maintenance and cloathing of the convicts. I sold one of the
+yawls to the Lieutenant-Governor and the longboat and the other yawl to
+the Commander of the _Remberg_, the ship in which we embarked. The latter
+was not to be delivered up until I left Batavia, and I shall make myself
+accountable to the Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy for the amount. As
+I could take no more boats with me and the pinnace being out of repair, I
+left her with the Governor Wanjon with permission to do with her what he
+thought proper.
+
+We stopped at Samarang, being an island of Java, where we had the good
+fortune to be joined by our tender that had separated from us off the
+island of Oattoah. She had all her people on board except one man, whom
+they had buried a few days before. She had been stopped at Java on
+suspicion, and they were going to send her to Batavia. Mr. Overstratin,
+the Governor of the place, delivered her up to me. The tender had
+contracted a small debt for provisions &c. at Java, which I shall
+discharge. She fell in to the Westward of Annamooka, the island I had
+appointed to rendezvous on, without seeing it, and then steered two days
+to the Westward nearly in its latitude and fell in with an island which I
+suppose must be one of the Fiji Islands, where they had waited for me
+five weeks, and then proceeded through Endeavour Straits and intended to
+stop at Batavia. With the iron and salt I had provided them with they
+were enabled to procure and preserve sufficient provision for their run
+to Java.
+
+I arrived at Batavia on the 7th November and on application to the
+Governor and Council my people were put on board a Dutch East India
+Company's ship that was lying in the Road to be kept there until they
+could be sent to Europe, and the sick were ordered to be received by the
+Company's hospital at Batavia, and I have since agreed with the Dutch
+East India Company to divide my ship's company into four parts, and to
+embark them on board four of their ships for Holland at no expense to the
+Government further than for the officers and prisoners, which appeared to
+me to be the most eligible and least expensive way of getting to England.
+Lt. Larkin, two petty officers, and eighteen seamen embarked on the
+_Zwan_, a Dutch East India ship on the 19th November and are sailing for
+Europe, and myself and the remainder of the _Pandora's_ company and the
+prisoners are to embark as soon as their ships are manned. Myself and the
+pirates are to embark on board the _Vreedenberg_, Captain Christian and I
+have stipulated that myself and the prisoners may be at liberty to go on
+board any of His Majesty's ships, or other vessels we may meet with on
+mine or my officer's application for the purpose.
+
+Enclosed is the latitudes and longitudes of several islands, &c. we
+discovered during our voyage, the state of the _Pandora's_ company, a
+list of pirates belonging to the _Bounty_, taken at Otaheite and a list
+of convicts, deserters from the colony at Port Jackson. It may be
+necessary to observe that these last have several names, and that William
+Bryant and James Cox pretend that their time of transportation has
+expired, but these two then found a boat and money to procure necessaries
+to enable themselves and others to escape, for which I presume they are
+liable to punishment, and think it my duty to give information.
+
+Although I have not had the good fortune to fully accomplish the object
+of my voyage, and that it has in other respects been strongly marked with
+great misfortunes, I hope it will be thought that the first is not for
+want of perseverence, or the latter for want of the care and attention of
+myself and those under my command, but that the disappointment and
+misfortune arose from the difficulties and peculiar circumstances of the
+service we were upon; that those of my orders I have been able to fulfil,
+with the discoveries that have been made will be some compensation for
+the disappointment and misfortunes that have attended us, and should
+their Lordships upon the whole think that the voyage will be profitable
+to our country it will be a great consolation to,
+
+Sir,
+Your most humble and obedient servant,
+EDW. EDWARDS.
+Philip Stevens Esq."
+
+
+"Cape of Good Hope,
+19th March, 1792.
+
+SIR,
+
+Agreeable to my intentions which I did myself the honour to signify to
+you in a letter addressed from Batavia and sent by a Dutch packet bound
+to Europe, I embarked the remainder of the Company of His Majesty's ship
+_Pandora_, pirates late belonging to the _Bounty_ and the convicts
+deserters from Port Jackson, on board three Dutch East India ships as
+follows:--
+
+Myself, the master, Purser, Gunner, Clerk, two midshipmen, twentyone
+seamen, and ten pirates on board the _Vreedenburg_, bound to Amsterdam.
+
+Lt. Corner, the surgeon, three midshipmen, fourteen seamen, and half the
+convicts on board the _Horssen_, bound to Rotterdam, and Lt. Hayward, the
+boatswain, surgeon's mate, three midshipmen, fifteen seamen and the other
+half of the convicts on board the _Hoornwey_, bound to Rotterdam.
+
+Lt. Larkin with two petty officers and eighteen seamen were embarked on
+board the _Zwan_ and sailed from Batavia previous to the date of my
+former letter, and I am now informed that she has been at this port and
+sailed from hence for Europe more than a month before my arrival.
+
+I found His Majesty's Ship _Gorgon_ here on her return from Port Jackson,
+and on account both of expedition and greater security I intend to avail
+myself of the opportunity to embark on board of her with the ten pirates
+for England, and I request that you will be pleased to communicate the
+circumstances to My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
+
+I have the honour to be, Sir,
+Your most obedient and humble servant,
+EDW. EDWARDS."
+
+
+"Admiralty Office,
+June, 19th 1792.
+
+SIR,
+
+I beg leave to inform you that I found His Majesty's Ship _Gorgon_ at the
+Cape of Good Hope on my arrival there in the _Vreedenburg_, a Dutch East
+India Company's ship, from Batavia, and I thought it proper to remove the
+pirates late belonging to His Majesty's armed vessel, the _Bounty_, and
+the convicts, deserters from Port Jackson (whom I had under my charge on
+board the Dutch East India Company's ships) into His Majesty's said ship,
+for their greater security, and I took the same opportunity myself to
+embark on board on her for England and I hope that these steps will be
+approved of by their Lordships.
+
+I gave you an account of my arrival at the Cape of Good Hope and of my
+intentions to embark on board the _Gorgon_ with the pirates, convicts,
+&c. in a letter which I did myself the honour to address to you from
+thence and sent by the _Baring_, Thomas Fingey, Master, an American ship
+bound to Ostend.
+
+Inclosed is the state of the company of His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_ at
+the time I left the Cape of Good Hope, and the manner in which they were
+disposed of on board Dutch East India Company's ships in order to be
+brought to Europe and also a list of the pirates late belonging to the
+_Bounty_, and of the convicts, deserters from Port Jackson, delivered to
+me by Mr. Wanjon, the Governor of the Dutch settlements in the island of
+Timor, now on board His Majesty's Ship _Gorgon_.
+
+I arrived yesterday evening at St. Helens, left the _Gorgon_, and landed
+at Portsmouth last night and I am now at this office awaiting their
+Lordships' Commands.
+
+And I have the honour to be, Sir,
+Your most obedient and humble servant,
+EDW. EDWARDS.
+Philip Stevens, Esq."
+
+
+A LIST of convicts, deserters from Port Jackson, delivered to Captain
+Edward Edwards of His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_ by Timotheus Wanjon,
+Governor of the Dutch Settlements at Timor, 5th October, 1791.
+
+William Allen,                }
+John Butcher,                 }
+Nathaniel Lilley,             }
+James Martin,                 } On board H.M.S. _Gorgon_.
+Mary Bryant. Transported      }
+  by the name of Mary         }
+  Broad.                      }
+William Morton, Dd on board Dutch East India Co.'s ship, _Hoornwey_.
+William Bryant, Dd 22nd December 1791, Hospital Batavia.
+James Cox, Dd, fell overboard Straits of Sunda.
+John Simms, Dd on board Dutch East India Co.'s ship _Hoornwey_.
+Emanuel Bryant, Dd 1st        }
+  December 1791,              }
+  Batavia.                    } Children of the above
+Charlotte Bryant, Dd 6th      } William and Mary Bryant.
+  May 1792 on board           }
+  H.M.S. _Gorgon_.            }
+
+EDW. EDWARDS.
+
+
+A LIST of one Petty Officer and four Seamen lost in a cutter belonging to
+His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_, at Palmerston's Island on the 24th May,
+1791.
+
+John Sival, Midshipman.
+James Good,             }
+William Wasdel,         } Seamen.
+James Scott,            }
+Joseph Cunningham,      }
+
+EDW. EDWARDS.
+
+
+LIST of Pirates late belonging to His Majesty's ship _Bounty_ taken by
+His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_, Captain Edward Edwards, at Otaheite.
+
+Joseph Coleman,    }
+Peter Haywood,     }
+Michael Burn,      }
+James Morrison,    }
+Charles Norman,    } On Board H.M.S. _Gorgon_.
+Thomas Ellison,    }
+Thomas MacIntosh,  }
+William Muspratt,  }
+Thomas Burkitt,    }
+John Millward,     }
+
+George Stewart,    }
+Richard Skinner,   }
+Henry Heilbrant,   } 29th August 1791, lost with ship.
+John Sumner.       }
+
+(Signed) EDWARD EDWARDS.
+
+
+STATE of the Company of H.M.S. _Pandora_, Captain Edward Edwards: and the
+manner disposed of on board Dutch East India Company's Ships for their
+voyage to Europe.
+
+                                Com. Off.  Warrant     Petty     Seamen.
+                                & Master.  Officers.  Officers.
+
+Zwan, Lt. John Larkan,              1                     2         17
+Horssen, Lt. Robert Corner,         1          1          2         13
+Mr. George Hamilton Surgeon.
+Hornwey, Lt. Thos. Hayward,
+John Cunningham, Boatswain,         1          1          2         14
+Vreedenberg, Mr. G. Passmore, Master,
+Mr. Gregory Bentham, Purser,
+    Mr. Jos.                        1          2          1         18
+Parker gunner and 1 Supernumary
+    belonging to H.M.
+    armed vessel _Supply_.
+Hospital at Batavia,                                                 1
+H.M.S. _Gorgon_, Captain
+    Edwards,                        1                     2          1
+______________________________________________________________________
+                                    5          4          9         64
+
+Whole Number borne,            82
+Died since ship was lost,      16
+Discharged,                     1
+                             ____
+
+Whole number Ship's company
+saved in ship and tender       99
+Supernumaries.
+Do. Pirates,                   10
+Convicts, 4 men and 1 woman     5
+
+EDWARD EDWARDS.
+
+
+"No. 8, Craven Street,
+Strand,
+9th July, 1792.
+
+SIR,
+
+I beg leave to acquaint you that I have information that the
+_Vreedenburg_ and the _Horssen_, two Dutch East India Company's ships, on
+board of which part of the company of His Majesty's ship _Pandora_ are
+embarked, were off the Start on the 5th of this month, on their way to
+Holland, and that the _Hoornwey_, the ship on board which the remainder
+of the company of the _Pandora_ were embarked, was expected to sail from
+the Cape of Good Hope in about three weeks after the two former ships
+left that place, but the account does not mention the day they left the
+Cape themselves.
+
+I have the honour to be, Sir,
+Your most obedient and humble servant,
+EDWARD EDWARDS."
+
+
+LIST of islands and places discovered by H.M.S. _Pandora_, with their
+latitudes and longitudes.
+
+   Names of Islands.           Lat. S.       Long. W.
+Ducie Island,                24° 40' 30"    124° 40' 30"
+Lord Hood's Island,          21° 31' 00"    135° 32' 30"
+Carysfort Island,            20° 49' 00"    138° 33' 00"
+Duke of Clarence Island,      9° 09' 30"    171° 30' 46"
+Otewhy or Chatham,           13° 32' 30"    172° 18' 25"
+Howe's Isles,                18° 32' 30"    173° 53' 00"
+Gardener's Isles,            17° 57' 00"    175° 16' 54"
+Bickerton's Isle,            18° 47' 40"    174° 48' 00"
+Onooafow or Probys Isle,     15° 53' 00"    175° 51' 00"
+Rotumah or Grenville Isles,  12° 29' 00"    183° 03' 00"
+Pandora's Bank,              12° 11' 00"    188° 08' 00"
+Mitre Island,                11° 49' 00"    190° 04' 30"
+Cherry Island,               11° 37' 30"    190° 19' 30"
+Pitt's Isle (South Point),   11° 50' 30"    193° 14' 05"
+Wells Shoal on reef,         12° 20' 00"    202° 02' 00"
+Cape Rodney,                 10° 03' 32"    212° 14' 05"
+Mount Clarence between the two Orayas.
+Cape Hood,                    9° 58' 06"    212° 37' 10"
+Look Out Shoal.
+Stoney Reef Islands.
+Murray's Islands,             9° 57' 00"    216° 43' 00"
+Wreck Reef.
+Escape Key,                  11° 23' 00"
+Entrance Key,                11° 23' 00"
+
+EDWARD EDWARDS.
+
+
+A LIST of 14 pirates, belonging to H.M.S. late ship _Bounty_, taken at
+Otaheite.
+
+Joseph Coleman.
+Peter Haywood.
+Michael Byrne.
+James Morrison.
+Charles Norman.
+Thomas Ellison.
+Thomas M'Intosh.
+William Muspratt.
+Thomas Burkitt.
+John Millward.
+
+George Stewart,  }
+Richard Skinner, } D/d drowned August 29th 1791.
+Henry Hillbrant, }
+John Sumner.     }
+
+EDWARD EDWARDS.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[30-1] They sighted Easter Island on March 4th, 1791, Ducie's Island on
+the 16th, Hoods' Island on the 17th, and Carysfort on the 19th. The
+latitude and description of Ducie's Island leaves little doubt that it
+was the first island discovered by Quiros on January 26th, 1606 and
+called by him Luna Puesta. It appears as Encarnaçion in Espinosa's chart.
+Quiros thus describes it: "A buen juzgar dista de Lima ochocientas
+leguas: tiene cinco de boj, mucha arboleda y playas de arena, y junto á
+tierra fondo de ochenta brazas." Had Edwards but sailed due west from
+Ducie Island he must have sighted Pitcairn and discovered the
+hiding-place of Fletcher Christian's ill-fated colony.
+
+[31-1] An American vessel.
+
+[33-1] Morrison was Boatswain's Mate of the _Bounty_. He had previously
+served as midshipman in the navy, and by talent and education he was far
+above the station he held in Bligh's ship. It was he who planned and
+directed the building of the fast-sailing little schooner which acted as
+the _Pandora's_ tender, was the first vessel to anchor in Fiji, and made
+the record passage from China to the Sandwich Islands. Morrison was
+chaplain as well as foreman to the little band of shipwrights. On Sundays
+he hoisted the English colours on a staff and read the Church Service to
+them. He kept a journal, not only throughout the _Bounty's_ cruise, but
+during his sojourn with the mutineers in Tahiti, and, though it is not
+explained how he contrived to preserve it through the wreck of the
+_Pandora_ and the boat voyage, there can be no doubt that it was a
+genuine document. At Captain Heywood's death it passed with his other
+papers to his daughters. This journal has been annotated and corrected by
+another hand, probably Heywood's own, but without material alteration of
+the sense. It is filled with acrimony against Bligh from the outset of
+the _Bounty's_ cruise, and the form of the entries shows that it was
+intended to be the basis for laying serious charges against him when the
+ship was paid off. It is needless to add that it does not spare Edwards
+in respect of his treatment of his prisoners.
+
+[36-1] The _Pandora_ found one of them at Palmerston Island.
+
+[37-1] Executed at Portsmouth.
+
+[37-2] Pardoned.
+
+[37-3] Acquitted.
+
+[37-4] Drowned in the wreck of the _Pandora_.
+
+[37-5] Morrison said that his plan was to reach Batavia in time to secure
+a passage home in the next fleet bound to Holland, and that the return to
+Tahiti was occasioned, not by any distrust of his talents, but by the
+refusal of the natives, who were anxious to keep them in Tahiti, to
+victual the ship for so long a voyage. There were no casks on the
+schooner for storing water. Morrison, Heywood and Stewart had planned an
+escape from Tubuai in the _Bounty's_ boat, but, fortunately for
+them--since the attempt would have been certain death--their plan was
+discovered and frustrated by the other mutineers.
+
+[38-1] Oliver, master's mate; Renouard, midshipman; James Dodds,
+quartermaster; and six seamen.
+
+[40-1] Oatafu, one of the Union Group, discovered by Commodore Byron in
+1765. If the mutineers had settled there they would have starved, for
+there is neither food nor water. Since Byron's discovery a native
+settlement has been made from Bowditch Island (Fakaago), and the people,
+about 100 in number, live on fish, pandanus, and water caught in holes
+cut on the lee side of the cocoa-palms.
+
+[40-2] The northernmost island of the Cook Group, discovered by Bligh,
+April 11, 1798, a few days before the mutiny. In 1823 John Williams, the
+missionary, heard at Rarotonga a native tradition of Bligh's visit. The
+natives heard the first rumours of a world beyond their own from two
+Tahitian castaways who had seen Captain Cook, and had with them an iron
+hatchet obtained from the _Resolution_. They represented the strange
+beings who traversed the ocean in vast canoes, not lashed with sinnet nor
+furnished with outriggers, as impious people who laughed at the tabu, and
+even ate of the consecrated food from the Maraés. They were like the
+gods; if they were attacked they blew at their assailants with long
+blow-pipes (pupuhi) from which flames and stones were belched. Such were
+the Tutë (Cooks). Thereafter, having need of iron (kurima) and other
+wonders current in Tahiti the men of Aitutaki prayed to their gods to
+send the Tutë to their island with axes and nails and _pupuhi_, and this,
+according to an old priest, was their prayer. "O great Tangaroa, send
+your large ship to our land: let us see the Cookees. Great Tangiia, send
+us a dead sea, send us a propitious gale, to bring the far-famed Cookees
+to our land, to give us nails and iron and axes; let us see these
+outriggerless canoes." And with the feast presented with the prayer were
+promises of greater feasts so soon as their prayer was answered. The gods
+heard them. A few months later the Cookees came. The great ship did not
+anchor, but one of the natives took his courage in both hands, and went
+off in his canoe. He brought back strange tales of what he had seen. It
+was a floating island; there were two rivers flowing on it (the pumps),
+and two plantations in which grew taro and sugar-cane and bread-fruit,
+and the keel scraped the bottom of the sea, for he dived as deep as he
+could go without finding it.
+
+Williams has fallen into two errors in his account (p. 171). In the same
+breath he claims for himself the discovery of Rarotonga, in 1823, and
+announces this to have been a visit of the _Bounty_ after she was taken
+by the mutineers, _i.e._ in April, 1789. Rarotonga was, in fact,
+discovered by the ship _Seringapatam_ in 1814, though Williams may have
+been the first to land. The tradition must have referred to Bligh's visit
+to Aitutaki before the mutiny when the decks were encumbered with
+bread-fruit, for we know that the first thing the mutineers did after
+setting their captain adrift was to throw all the bread-fruit plants
+overboard, and that they steered direct for Tahiti.
+
+[42-1] Discovered by Cook in his second voyage. There are nine small
+islands connected by a reef, covered with trees, but destitute of water.
+
+[43-1] Sufficient for thirty days at most. In the face of the danger of
+parting company, with the _Pandora_ overloaded with stores, and the
+tender too feebly manned to wait at so dangerous a rendezvous as the
+Friendly Islands, Edwards showed very little foresight in neglecting to
+provision the tender for an independent voyage. His neglect nearly cost
+the crew their lives.
+
+[44-1] See p. 126.
+
+[46-1] Fakaafo or Bowditch Island, whence the present permanent
+inhabitants migrated.
+
+[46-2] Nukunono, a new discovery, another of the Union Group. It was
+surveyed by the American Exploring Expedition in 1840, and was found to
+be 7-2/10 miles long, N. and S., and 5 miles E. and W.
+
+[48-1] The actual position is 9ˇ5' S. Latitude and 171ˇ38' W. Longitude.
+
+[49-1] Savaii in the Samoa Group. If not the 'Beauman' Islands seen by
+Roggewein in 1721, they were discovered by Bougainville in 1768 and
+visited by La Pérouse in 1787. Freycinet also visited them before
+Edwards.
+
+[49-2] Mata-atua Harbour. There is no river there except after heavy
+rain.
+
+[49-3] He had a finger cut off in mourning for Finau Ulukalala, who must
+have died in 1790.
+
+[50-1] La Pérouse and Kotzebue call it Pola.
+
+[50-2] Upolu on which is Apia, the present capital of Samoa.
+
+[50-3] Upolu is the native name, but it has been called Ojalava,
+Oahtooha, Ojatava, and Opoloo by different navigators, who may have taken
+the names of villages or districts to mean the whole island. The
+population exceeded 20,000 at the beginning of last century.
+
+[50-4] Turmeric powder, never a mark of distinction, was besmeared over
+nursing mothers, chief women at the feasts connected with puberty, and
+persons concerned in certain other ceremonies.
+
+[51-1] Bougainville sighted Upolu on May 5th, 1760. A thick fog which
+came on that afternoon, and lasted all the following day, prevented him
+from approaching it, and from seeing Savaii, which he would have seen on
+May 7th in clear weather. La Pérouse coasted along its southern shore on
+December 17th, 1789. Unfortunately, smarting from the massacre of de
+Langle and his boat's crew at Tutuila, he was in no mood for
+communicating with the natives, and he did not anchor.
+
+[51-2] See p. 12.
+
+[52-1] Fatafehi is the hereditary title of one of the spiritual chiefs of
+Tonga. He had no executive authority, but his wealth, derived from his
+lands and the offerings to which he was entitled, gave him considerable
+influence. The complicated hierarchy of spiritual chiefs in Tonga was a
+continual puzzle to Cook. Fatafehi at this time was an ornamental
+personage, inferior in dignity to the Tui Tonga, and in power to Tukuaho,
+who wielded the authority of his father Mumui, the Tui Kanakubolu. The
+Toobou (Tubou) mentioned here was the deputy of the tyrant Tukuaho, who,
+eight years later, was to pay the penalty of his crimes in the Revolution
+of 1799. Hamilton mentions that the tradition of Tasman's visit in 1642
+was still preserved.
+
+[54-1] Among the people who boarded the ship from Tofoa Lieut. Hayward
+recognized some of those who attacked Bligh's boat four days after the
+mutiny, and murdered Quartermaster Norton, but solicitude for the crew of
+the tender, which might call there, prevented Edwards from punishing them
+as they deserved. No doubt, both at Tofoa and Namuka, the natives would
+have attempted to take the ship had they thought success possible as, we
+now know, they had planned to capture Cook's ships, and as they actually
+did capture the privateer _Port-au-Prince_ in 1806 at Haapai. In 1808
+William Mariner, one of the survivors of that ill-fated ship, who has
+left behind him the best account of a native race that exists probably in
+any language, was led by the strange native account of Norton's murder,
+to visit his grave. The natives asserted that Norton was killed by a
+carpenter for the sake of an axe which he was carrying; that his body was
+stripped and dragged some distance inland to a _Malae_ where it lay
+exposed for three days before burial; and that the grass had never since
+grown upon the track of the body nor upon its resting-place on the
+_Malae_. Mariner found a bare track leading inland from the beach and
+terminating in a bare patch, lying transversely, about the length and
+breadth of a man. It did not appear to be a beaten path, nor were there
+people enough in the neighbourhood to make such a path. Probably it was
+an old track, long disused and forgotten, for by such natural causes is
+man's belief in the supernatural fed.
+
+[55-1] The Vavau Group, called by the natives Haafuluhao, which then as
+now, owed spiritual allegiance to Tonga.
+
+[55-2] Manua, the most Easterly of the Samoa Group, called Opoun by La
+Pérouse.
+
+[55-3] Tutuila, discovered by Roggewein in 1721, visited by Bougainville
+4th May, 1768, and by La Pérouse 10th December, 1787. On the day before
+his murder by the natives, Comte de Langle, La Pérouse's second in
+command, discovered Pangopango harbour while on a walk through the
+island, but neither Bougainville nor La Pérouse seems to have discerned
+the masked fissure in the cliff which forms its entrance. Edwards must
+have had a copy of Bougainville on board, but no record of La Pérouse's
+visit four years before, or he would have shown greater caution in
+communicating with the natives. That he had heard something of La
+Pérouse's voyage, and had some ground for suspicion is shown by Hamilton.
+A detailed account of de Langle's murder is to be found in "La Pérouse's
+Voyage," vol. ii.
+
+[56-1] Vavau.
+
+[57-1] He might have added "in the Pacific," for it is a magnificent
+land-locked harbour, a little narrow for sailing ships to beat out of in
+a southerly wind, but excellent for steamships.
+
+[57-2] This was Finau Ulukalala, one of the most notable men in Tongan
+history. He had just succeeded his elder brother, the Finau (Feenow) of
+Captain Cook's visit in 1777. On April 21st, 1799, he conspired against
+Tukuaho, the temporal sovereign of Tonga and assassinated him, plunging
+Tonga into a civil anarchy which lasted twenty years. He was Mariner's
+patron and protector until his death in 1809. "The great master of Greek
+drama," says a writer in the "Quarterly Review," "could have desired no
+better elements than are to be found in the history of this remarkable
+man; his remorseless ambition and his natural affections--his contempt
+for the fables and ceremonies of his country when in prosperity--his
+patient submission to them when in distress--his strong intellects--his
+evil deeds--and the death which was believed to be inflicted on him in
+vengeance by the over-ruling divinities whom he defied."
+
+[58-1] Hunga.
+
+[58-2] Niuababu.
+
+[58-3] Falevai.
+
+[58-4] Fonua Lei (Land of Whales' teeth).
+
+[58-5] Laté.
+
+[58-6] Toku.
+
+[58-7] These islands had already been twice visited and named, and Cook,
+though he did not visit them, gives all their native names in his list of
+the islands composing the Friendly or Tonga Group. The honour of their
+discovery belongs to the Spanish pilot Maurelle, who sailed from Manila
+in 1781, without proper charts or instruments and almost without
+provisions for his long voyage to America. Reduced to desperate straits
+by famine, he sighted Fonua Lei, the northernmost of the Tonga Group,
+which he called Margoura, believing it to be one of the Solomon Islands.
+At Vavau he was liberally entertained by Bau or Poulaho, the Tui Tonga of
+Cook's visit four years before. La Pérouse passed close to the islands in
+December, 1787, but, consistent with his determination to hold no further
+intercourse with natives after the murder of M. de Langle, did not enter
+the harbour of Neiafu. Edwards had no account of either of these voyages.
+La Pérouse's journals were not published until 1797.
+
+Fonua Lei was again destroyed by an eruption in 1846. The inhabitants who
+had plantations on it were removed to Vavau just in time.
+
+[59-1] There is only one. It was so named by Tasman 1642. Maurelle called
+it Sola. But Edwards probably mistook the twin islets of Hunga Tonga and
+Hunga Haapai for Pylstaart.
+
+[62-1] Niua-fo'ou (New Niua), discovered by W. Cornelis Schouten in the
+Dutch ship _Eendracht_ (Unity) on May 14th, 1616, and named by him "Good
+Hope" Island. Twelve canoes came off, and some of them attempted to take
+the boat that he had sent ashore for water, but desisted on discharge of
+a volley which killed two men. He wrote: "The island was full of black
+cliffs, green on the top, and black, and was full of coco-trees and black
+earth. There was a large village, and several other houses on the
+seashore: the land was undulating, but not very high." No ship is known
+to have visited the island from 1614 to this visit in 1791.
+
+The cocoanuts grown here are the largest in the world, but the specimens
+planted in other islands do not appear to maintain their abnormal size.
+The island is further remarkable from the fact that the Megapodius, or
+Scrub hen, is plentiful there, and nowhere else in the Pacific further
+east than the New Hebrides. The natives have no traditions of its
+introduction. The eggs have been prized as a delicacy in Tonga for
+centuries, and are exported thither by every canoe going southward during
+the breeding season. It is said that they are sometimes hatched
+artificially, but the young _malao_ does not take kindly to the bush in
+Tonga, although the vegetation is much the same. Why should the bird be
+found in Polynesia, having skipped all the intermediate islands of
+Melanesia? To what story of the migration of races is it the only clue?
+
+[63-1] Niuatobutabu, like Niuafoou, subject to the King of Tonga.
+
+[63-2] Uea, discovered by Wallis in 1767, and visited by Maurelle on
+April 22nd, 1781. It has 3000 inhabitants who are said by the French
+missionaries to be increasing. Uea is nominally independent under its own
+queen, but the French priests wield the real power in so spirited a
+fashion that the natives frequently attempt to escape from the island as
+stowaways.
+
+[64-1] Mourning for the death of a chief or near relation.
+
+[65-1] This confirms the story of Kau Moala, a Tongan navigator, who
+returned to his native land in 1807 and related his adventures to
+Mariner. He had visited Futuna, Rotuma and Fiji in a double canoe, and,
+in describing Rotuma, he related the legend of two giants who had
+migrated from Tonga to Rotuma in legendary times. He was shown gigantic
+bones in proof of the story, the bones, no doubt, of some marine monster.
+Mention is made of Rotuma in a Tongan saga of the early sixteenth
+century, and there can be no doubt that there was occasional intercourse
+between these distant islands during the period when the Tongans were the
+Norsemen of the Pacific.
+
+Kau Moala heard nothing of Edwards' visit, though he brought news of the
+visit of a ship to Futuna, and of an ineffectual attempt to take
+her--perhaps the visit of Schouten, whose account of the affray tallies
+closely with theirs even to the killing of six natives. The tradition was
+still fresh after 190 years. Edwards' visit, having brought no disasters
+on the natives, escaped the attention of the native poets and was
+forgotten.
+
+[67-1] Native name Fataka. The Russian Captain Kroutcheff, who landed
+upon it in 1822, found it uninhabited.
+
+[67-2] Kroutcheff placed it 41 minutes further west.
+
+[68-1] This was Vanikoro in the Santa Cruz Group. It was probably seen by
+Mendańa in 1595, and again by Carteret in 1767, but the interest attached
+to it by Europeans, and particularly to Edwards' visit, lies in the
+undoubted fact that at that very time there were survivors of La
+Pérouse's ill-fated expedition upon it. If his search for the mutineers
+had been as keen at this part of his voyage as it was in the earlier
+portion, he would have been the means of rescuing them. The smoke he saw
+may well have been signal fires lighted by the castaways to attract his
+attention.
+
+La Pérouse's ships were cast away in 1788, just three years before,
+shortly after the Commander had delivered his journals to Governor
+Phillip in Botany Bay for transmission to Europe. Their fate was unknown
+until Peter Dillon chanced upon a French swordhilt in Tucopia
+thirty-eight years later in 1826. Satisfying himself that they had been
+brought from Vanikoro, he persuaded the East India Company to place him
+in command of a search expedition. In 1827 he made a thorough examination
+of the island, and found the remains of the _Boussole_; the _Astrolabe_,
+according to the native account, having foundered in deep water. He found
+the clearing where the survivors had felled timber to build themselves a
+brig in which they sailed to meet a second shipwreck elsewhere, perhaps
+on the Great Barrier reef of Queensland. But two had been left, and of
+these one had died shortly before his visit, and the other had gone with
+the natives to another island leaving no trace behind him.
+
+D'Entrecasteaux, when in search of La Pérouse in 1793, also passed within
+sight of the castaways.
+
+D'Urville made a thorough examination of the island both in 1828 and
+1838. The relics brought home by Dillon may be seen in the Gallerie de la
+Marine in the Louvre.
+
+[69-1] This was the dangerous reef now known as Indispensable Reef, after
+the ship _Indispensable_ commanded by Captain Wilkinson, who discovered
+it in 1790.
+
+[69-2] It was, in fact, the mainland of New Guinea. The land East of Cape
+Rodney, comprising Orangerie, Table, and Cloudy Bays, lies so low and is
+so generally obscured with haze that on a dull day Edwards would not have
+seen it.
+
+It is doubtful whether Edwards' Capes Rodney and Hood, are correctly
+placed in the modern charts. Our Cape Rodney is not a conspicuous
+headland, and it lies half a degree eastward of 212ˇ14 W. Longitude, and
+9' South of 10^{6}ˇ3° S. Latitude. Edwards' positions are usually so
+accurate that I cannot see why they should have been departed from. Our
+Cape Hood, on the other hand, is exactly in the position of his Cape
+Rodney, and is besides a very conspicuous wooded tongue of land. Beyond
+is another conspicuous point. Round Head, which corresponds in position
+with Edwards' Cape Hood. Mount Clarence, moreover, would not appear to
+lie between Capes Rodney and Hood until the former was out of sight
+astern. I think that Mount Clarence must have been hidden by clouds, and
+that Edwards' Mount Clarence was in reality the high cone in the Saroa
+district, which is a conspicuous feature on the coast line. A further
+indication that the day was hazy lies in the fact that Edwards did not
+see the great Owen Stanley Range which towers up 13,000 feet behind. Had
+he done so he would not have mistaken the mainland for a group of
+scattered islands. Hamilton does not call Mount Clarence an "island," but
+a "mountain." A further proof that Edwards' "Cape Hood" was Round Head is
+found in the remark "After passing Cape Hood the land appears lower, and
+to branch off about N.N.W., . . . for we saw no other land." This applies
+to Round Head, and to no other part of the coast.
+
+[70-1] If he had kept this course he would have struck the New Guinea
+Coast again a little East of the Maikasa River.
+
+[70-2] East Bay.
+
+[71-1] It is difficult to understand how Edwards failed to see Flinders
+Passage, which, while not free from obstructions to the westward, would
+have admitted him to a safe anchorage at the Murray Islands, inside the
+Barrier Reef.
+
+[71-2] It was an unfortunate choice. Had he steered north on first
+encountering the reefs he would have made the coast which he might have
+followed in safety, as Bligh did in his boat voyage after the mutiny, by
+what is now known as the Great North-East Channel. He was led Southward
+by his plan of using the Endeavour Straits. See Hamilton's account, pp.
+141-2.
+
+[73-1] Two men were crushed to death; one by a gun that had broken loose,
+and the other by a falling spar. The whole ship's company seems to have
+behaved splendidly, working at the pumps and at the sail they were
+preparing to haul under the ship's bottom until they could scarcely stand
+for fatigue, with nothing to replenish their strength but "a cask of
+excellent strong ale which we brewed at Anamooka" (Hamilton).
+
+[73-2] Every reader must be struck by the fact that in his description of
+this disaster, Edwards never once speaks of the prisoners. Hamilton, it
+is true, does say "The prisoners were ordered to be let out of irons,"
+but another account, ascribed to Lieutenant Corner, second lieutenant of
+the _Pandora_, throws a sinister light on this part of the narrative.
+"Three of the _Bounty's_ people, Coleman, Norman, and M'Intosh, were now
+let out of irons, and sent to work at the pumps. The others offered their
+assistance, and begged to be allowed a chance of saving their lives;
+instead of which, two additional sentinels were placed over them, with
+orders to shoot any who should attempt to get rid of their fetters.
+Seeing no prospect of escape, they betook themselves to prayer, and
+prepared to meet their fate, everyone expecting that the ship would soon
+go to pieces, her rudder and part of the sternpost being already beat
+away. No notice was taken of the prisoners, as is falsely stated by the
+author of the 'Pandora's Voyage,' although Captain Edwards was entreated
+by Mr. Heywood to have mercy upon them, when he passed over their prison
+to make his own escape, the ship then lying on her broadside, with the
+larboard bow completely under water. Fortunately the master-at-arms,
+either by accident or design, when slipping from the roof of 'Pandora's
+Box' into the sea, let the keys of the irons fall through the scuttle or
+entrance, which he had just before opened, and thus enabled them to
+commence their own liberation, in which they were generously assisted, at
+the imminent risk of his own life, by William Moulter, a boatswain's mate
+who clung to the coamings, and pulled the long bars through the shackles,
+saying he would set them free, or go to the bottom with them. Scarcely
+was this effected when the ship went down. The master-at-arms and all the
+sentinels sunk to rise no more. Among the drowned were Mr. Stewart, John
+Sumner, Richard Skinner, and Henry Hillbrandt, the whole of whom perished
+with their hands still in manacles."
+
+Some allowance is to be made both for the confusion of a shipwreck, and
+for the natural fear of the commander that in the loosening of the ties
+of authority natural to such a moment, the liberation among his crew of a
+number of men who had already mutinied successfully, and were going home
+with a rope about their necks, would be an act of merciful folly. This,
+however, does not excuse him for refusing his prisoners the shelter of an
+old sail on the sand cay, and so obliging them to get shelter from the
+sun by burying themselves neck-deep in the sand, as Heywood afterwards
+stated. Heywood further asserted that after the vessel struck the
+prisoners, having wrenched themselves out of their irons, implored
+Edwards to let them out of "Pandora's Box," but that he had them all
+ironed again.
+
+[74-1] In his evidence before the court-martial Edwards said: "The double
+canoe, that was able to support a considerable number of men, broke
+adrift with only one man, and was bulged upon a reef, and afforded us no
+help when she was so much wanted."
+
+[74-2] Hamilton says 34.
+
+[75-1] Each boat was supplied with the latitude and longitude of Timor,
+1100 miles distant. As soon as they embarked the oars were laid athwart
+the boat so that they could stow two tiers of men. The men were
+distributed as follows:
+
+_Pinnace_--Capt. Edwards; Lieut. Hayward; Rickards, Master's Mate;
+Packer, Gunner; Edmonds, Captain's Clerk; 3 prisoners, 16 privates.
+
+_Red Yawl_--Lieut. Larkan; Surgeon Hamilton; Reynolds, Master's Mate;
+Matson, Midshipman; 2 prisoners; 18 privates.
+
+_Launch_--Lieutenant Corner; Bentham, Purser; Montgomery; Carpen Bowling,
+Master's Mate; Mackendrick, Midshipman; 2 prisoners; 24 privates.
+
+_Blue Yawl_--George Passmore, Master; Cunningham, Boatswain; Innes,
+Surgeon's Mate; Fenwick, Midshipman; Pycroft, Midshipman; 3 prisoners; 15
+privates.
+
+[77-1] Tree Island.
+
+[77-2] Now called Prince of Wales' Channel or Flinders Channel. It is the
+best Channel through Torres Straits, and, if Edwards' narrative had been
+published his discovery would doubtless have been perpetuated in his
+name.
+
+[77-3] Horn Island.
+
+[77-4] Dingoes.
+
+[77-5] North West Reef.
+
+[78-1] Like Bligh's men, they wetted their shirts in salt water to cool
+themselves by evaporation, but found that the absorption through the skin
+tainted the fluids of the body with salt so that the saliva became
+intolerable in the mouth. The young bore the want of water better than
+the old, but all alike became excessively irritable.
+
+[80-1] This hospitality was not extended to the prisoners, who were
+confined in irons in the castle, and fed on bad provisions. But on the
+passage to Batavia in the _Rembang_ they had worse in store, for the ship
+was partially dismasted in a cyclone, and would certainly have gone
+ashore but for the exertions of the English passengers. The prisoners
+took their turn at the pumps with the rest, and when their strength gave
+out, they were put in irons and allowed to rest upon a wet sail soaked
+with the drainings of a pig-stye under which it was spread. At Batavia
+Edwards distributed the purchase-money of the tender among his people to
+enable them to buy clothes, and the prisoners, having their hands at
+liberty, made suits and hats for the _Pandora's_ crew, and so were able
+to buy clothes of their own.
+
+
+
+
+A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD.[91-1]
+
+BY GEORGE HAMILTON, SURGEON OF THE _PANDORA_.
+
+
+GOVERNMENT having resolved to bring to punishment the mutineers of His
+Majesty's late ship _Bounty_, and to survey the Straits of Endeavour, to
+facilitate a passage to Botany Bay, on the 10th of August 1790, appointed
+Captain Edward Edwards to put in commission at Chatham, and take command
+of the _Pandora_ Frigate of twenty-four guns, and a hundred and sixty
+men.
+
+A great naval armament then equipping retarded our progress, and
+prevented that particular attention to the choice of men which their
+Lordships so much wished; as contagion here crept amongst us from
+infected clothing, the fatal effects of which we discovered, and severely
+experienced, in the commencement of the voyage.
+
+Every thing necessary being completed, and an additional complement of
+naval stores, received for the refitment of the _Bounty_; dropped down to
+Sheerness, saluted Admiral Dalrymple, payed the same compliments to Sir
+Richard King, in passing the Downs, arrived at Portsmouth, and found
+there Lord Howe with the Union Flag at the main, and the proudest navy
+that ever graced the British seas under his command.
+
+Here the officers and men received six months pay in advance, and after
+receiving their final orders, got the time-keeper on board, weighed
+anchor, and proceeded to sea.
+
+As the white cliffs of Albion receded from our view alternate hopes and
+fears took possession of our minds, wafting the last kind adieu to our
+native soil.
+
+We pursued our voyage with a favourable breeze; but _Pandora_ now seemed
+inclined to shed her baneful influence among us, and a malignant fever
+threatened much havoc, as in a few days thirty-five men were confined to
+their beds, and unfortunately Mr. Innes, the Surgeon's only mate, was
+among the first taken ill; what rendered our situation still more
+distressing, was the crowded state of the ship being filled to the
+hatchways with stores and provisions, for, like weevils, we had to eat a
+hole in our bread, before we had a place to lay down in; every officer's
+cabin, the Captain's not excepted, being filled with provisions and
+stores. Our sufferings were much encreased, for want of room to
+accommodate our sick, notwithstanding every effort of the Captain that
+humanity could suggest.
+
+In this sickly lumbered state, near the latitude of Madeira, we observed
+a sail bearing down upon us: from her appearance and manoeuvres, we had
+every reason to believe she was a ship of war; and a rumour of a Spanish
+war prevailing when we left England, rendered it necessary to clear ship
+for action; as soon as our guns were run out, and all hands at quarters,
+got along side of her, when she proved His Majesty's Ship, _Shark_, sent
+out with orders of recall to Admiral Cornish, who had sailed for the West
+Indies a few days before we left Spithead.
+
+This little disaster deranged us much, having at the same time bad
+weather, attended with heavy thunder squals. The Peek of Teneriff now
+began to shew his venerable crest, towering above the clouds; and in two
+days more came to an anchor in the road of Santa Cruz, but did not
+salute, as the Commandant had not authority to return it.
+
+Immediately on our arrival we were boarded by the Port-master, by whom we
+learnt they had been in much apprehension of a disagreeable visit from
+the English, but were happy to hear that matters were amicably settled
+between the Courts of Madrid and St. James's.
+
+With respect to site nothing can be more beautifully picturesque than the
+town of Santa Cruz. It stands in the centre of a spacious bay, on a
+gentle acclivity surrounded with retiring hills, and the noble promontory
+of the Peek rising majestically behind it, dignifies the scene beyond
+description, being continually diversified with every vicissitude of the
+surrounding atmosphere, emerging and retiring thro' the fleecy clouds,
+from the bottom of the mountain to its summit.
+
+All the circumjacent hills on the margin of the beach are tufted with
+little forts, and barbett batteries, forming an Esplanade round the bay,
+affords a most agreeable landscape. The houses being all painted white,
+pretty regularly built, and standing on a rising ground, raises one
+street above another, and heightens the scene from the water; to which
+the Governor's garden contributes much to beautify the town.
+
+In the centre of the principal square, is a well built fountain,
+continually playing, which, in a warm climate, has a desirable cooling
+effect. There is but one church, which contains a few indifferent
+paintings.
+
+The inhabitants are civil, but reserved, and the inquisition being on the
+island, spreads a gloomy distrust on the countenance of the people.
+
+The troops are miserably cloathed, and poverty and superstition lord it
+wide. The wines of this place, from a late improvement in the vines, are
+equal to the second kind of Madeira, and I cannot pass over this subject
+without making honourable mention of the candour of Mr. Rooney our wine
+merchant.
+
+Here we completed our water from an acqueduct admirably constructed for
+the convenience of the shipping, and after receiving on board lemons,
+oranges, pomegranates, and bananas, with every variety of fruits and
+other refreshments with which this island most plentifully abounds,
+proceeded again on our voyage.
+
+The fever that prevailed on our leaving England became now pretty
+general, and almost every man had it in turn, and as we approached the
+line many of the convalescents had a relapse, but the Lords of the
+Admirality, previous to our sailing, had supplied us with such unbounded
+liberality in every thing necessary for the preservation of the seamens'
+health, that I may venture to say many lives were saved from their
+bounty, and I should be wanting in my duty to their Lordships, as well as
+the community, was I to pass over in silence the uncommon good effects we
+experienced from supplying the sick and convalescent with tea and sugar;
+this being the first time it has ever been introduced into his Majesty's
+service; but it is an article in life that has crept into such universal
+use, in all orders of society, that it needs no comment of mine to
+recommend it. It may, however, be easily conceived that it will be sought
+with more avidity by those whose aliment consists chiefly in animal food,
+and that always salt, and often of the worst kind. Their bread too is
+generally mixed with oatmeal, and of a hot drying nature. Scarcity of
+water is a calamity to which seafaring people are always subject; and it
+is an established fact, that a pint of tea will satiate thirst more than
+a quart of water. But when sickness takes place, a loathing of all animal
+food follows; then tea becomes their sole existence, and that which can
+be conveyed to them as natural food will be taken with pleasure, when
+any slip slop, given as drink, will be rejected with disgust. Suffice it
+to say, that Quarter-masters, and real good seamen have ever been
+observed to be regular in cooking their little pot of tea or coffee, and
+in America seamen going long voyages, always make it an article in their
+agreement to be supplied with tea and sugar.
+
+The air now becoming intolerably hot, and to evacuate the foul air from
+below where the people slept, had recourse to Mr. White's new ventilator,
+but found little benefit from it; not from any fault in the machine, but
+from the crowded state of the ship, it was impossible to throw a current
+of air into those places where it was most wanted, but by the addition of
+a flexible leather tube, like a water engine, it might be rendered of the
+utmost importance to the service, as in tenders' press-holds, and in
+line-of-battle ships at sea, when the lower deck ports cannot be opened;
+where often the jail fever, and all the calamities that attend human
+nature in crowded situations, are engendered, that might be entirely
+obviated by Mr. White's ingenious machine. I should beg to recommend
+wheels to be substituted for legs to it, for its easier conveyance from
+one part of the ship to the other, and that he would sacrifice beauty to
+strength, as a slight mahogany jim crack is not well calculated to the
+severity of heat we are exposed to, in climates where it is most wanted.
+
+There were now many water spouts about the ship, at which we fired
+several guns: the thermometer fluctuated between seventy-nine and eighty,
+and without any thing worthy of remark, in the common occurrence of
+things at sea, on the twenty-eight of December saw the land of the
+Brazils, and in two days saluted the fort at Rio Janiero with fifteen
+guns, which was immediately returned.
+
+On our coming to anchor, an officer came to acquaint the Captain, that a
+party of soldiers should be sent on board of us, agreeable to their
+custom, which was most peremptorily denied as inadmissable with the
+dignity of the British flag, nor would Captain Edwards go on shore to pay
+his respects to the Vice Roy, till that etiquete was settled, that his
+boat should not be boarded.
+
+After the usual compliments were paid the Vice Roy, his suit of carriages
+were ordered to attend the British officers, and Monsieur le Font, the
+Surgeon-General, who spoke English with ease and fluency, shewed us every
+mark of politeness and attention on the occasion, in carrying us through
+the principal streets, then visited the public gardens, built by the late
+Vice Roy, and laid out with much taste and expence. All the extremity of
+the garden is a fine terrace which commands a view of the water, and is
+frequented by people of fashion, as their Grand Mall: at each end of the
+terrace there is an octagonal built room, superbly furnished, where
+merendas[96-1] are sometimes given. On the pannels are painted the
+various productions and commerce of South America, representing the
+diamond fishery, the process of the indigo trade. The rice grounds and
+harvest, sugar plantation, South Sea whale fishery, &c. these were
+interspersed with views of the country, and the quadrupedes that inhabit
+those parts. The ceilings contained all the variety, the one of the fish,
+the other of the fowl of that continent. The copartments of the ceiling
+of the one room was enriched in shell work, with all the variegated
+shells of that country, and in the copartments are delineated all the
+variety of fish that the coast of South America produces. The other
+copartment is enriched with feathers and so inimitably blended as to
+produce the happiest effect. In this ceiling is painted all the birds
+and fowls of the country, in all their splendid elegance of plumage. The
+sofas and furniture are rich in the extreme: and in this elegant recess,
+an idle traveller may have an agreeable lounge, and at one view
+comprehend the whole natural history of this vast continent. In the
+centre of the terrace there is a Jet d'eau, in form of a large palm-tree,
+made of copper, which at pleasure may be made to spout water from the
+extremity of all the leaves. This tree stands on a well disposed grotto,
+which rises from the gravel walk below to the level of the terrace, and
+terminates the view of the principal walk. Near the foot of the grotto
+two large aligators, made of copper, are continually discharging water
+into a handsome bason of white marble, filled with gold and silver
+fishes.
+
+There are fine orangeries, and lofty covered arbours in different parts
+of the garden, capable of containing a thousand people. Here the cyprian
+nymphs hold their nocturnal revels; but intrigue is attended with great
+danger, as the stilletto is in general use, and assassination frequent,
+the men being of a jealous sanguinary turn, and the women fond of
+gallantry, who never appear in public unveiled. When Bougainville, the
+French circumnavigator called here, his chaplain was assassinated in an
+affray of that kind; but since that accident, orders were given that a
+commissioned officer should attend all foreign officers, and a soldier
+the privates; and all strangers, on landing, are conducted to the main
+guard for their escort. This answers a double purpose, as they are much
+afraid of strangers smuggling or carrying money out of the country, under
+the mask of personal protection, every motion is watched and scrutinized,
+nor can you purchase any thing of a merchant, till he has settled with
+the officer of the police how much he shall exact for his goods; so you
+have always the satisfaction of being rob'd as the act directs.
+
+The trade of this country is much cramped by the improper policy of the
+mother country; for although it abounds with every thing that the earth
+produces, wealth is far from being diffusive, and a spirit for revolt
+seems to prevail amongst them; but they were rather premature in
+business, a conspiracy being detected whilst we were there, many of the
+first people in the country thrown into dungeons, a strong guard put over
+them, and all intercourse denied them. But in order to check that spirit
+of rebellion among the colonists, a regiment of black slaves is now
+embodied, who will be very ready to bear arms against their oppressive
+masters; but should a revolution in South America take place, which
+sooner or later must eventually happen, some of our South Sea discoveries
+would then prove an advantageous situation for a little British colony.
+
+All public works are done here by slaves in chains, who perform a kind of
+plaintive melancholy dirge in recitative, to sooth their unavailing toil,
+which, with the accompanyment of the clanking of their irons, is the real
+voice of wo, and attunes the soul to sympathy and compassion, more than
+the most elaborate piece of music.
+
+The troops are remarkably well cloathed, and in fine order, both infantry
+and cavalry; the horses are small, but spirited, and tournaments
+frequently performed as the favourite amusement of the inhabitants, at
+which the cavaliers display a wonderful share of address.
+
+The town is large, built of stone, and the streets very regular; there
+are several handsome churches, monasteries, and nunneries, and contains
+about forty thousand inhabitants; but, like the old town of Edinburgh,
+each floor contains a distinct family, and of course liable to the same
+inconveniencies, cleanliness being none of its most shining virtues.
+
+The officers of the army shewed us uncommon kindness, and made us some
+presents of red bird skins for the savages we were going amongst.
+
+I cannot, in words, bestow sufficient panegyric on the laudable exertions
+of my worthy messmates, Lieutenants Corner and Hayward, for their
+unremitting zeal in procuring and nursing such plants as might be useful
+at Otaheitee or the islands we might discover.
+
+We now took leave of our friends here, and it was with some regret, as it
+was bidding adieu to civilized life, for a very undetermined space of
+time. Lieutenant Hayward having finished his astronomical observations on
+shore, came on board with the time-keeper and instruments, and again
+proceeded on our voyage, on the morning of January 8, 1791. In running
+down the coast of the Brazils, saw several spermacćti whales, and vessels
+employed on that fishery. Could it have been accomplished in the month of
+January, it was intended to take in a supply of water at New-Year's
+harbour, but the season was too far advanced. The weather now became
+cold, and the health of the people mended apace: passed by the straits of
+Magellan, and on the 31st of January saw Cape St. Juan, Staten Island,
+and New-Year's Island. The thermometer was at 48 degrees. We were
+fortunate enough to weather the tempestuous regions of Cape Horn, without
+any thing remarkable happening, although late in the season.
+
+The weather, as we advanced, became now exceedingly pleasant, and the
+many good things with which we were supplied, began to have a wonderful
+good effect on the strength of our convalescents. I here beg the reader's
+indulgence for a small digression on the health of the seamen, as it is a
+subject of much national importance, and those voyages the only test of
+what is found to succeed best, my duty leads me to the attempt, however
+unequal to the task:
+
+It may be remarked, the sour Crout kept during the voyage, in the highest
+perfection, and was often eat as a sallad with vinegar, in preference to
+recent, cut vegetables from the shore. A cask of this grand antiscorbutic
+was kept open for the crew to eat as much of as they pleased; and I will
+venture to affirm, that it will answer every purpose that can be expected
+from the vegetable kingdom.
+
+The Essence of Malt afforded a most delightful beverage, and, with the
+addition of a little hops, in the warmest climates, made as good strong
+beer as we could in England. We were likewise supplied with malt in
+grain, but should prefer the essence, as it is less liable to decay, and
+stows in much less room, which is a very valuable consideration in long
+voyages.
+
+Cocoa we found great benefit from; it is much relished by the men, stows
+in little room, and affords great nourishment. At the close of the war in
+1783, in the West Indies, men that had been the whole war on salt
+provisions, from a liberal use of the cocoa, got fat and strong, and in
+the _Agamemnon_ we had five hundred men who had served most of the war on
+salt provisions; but after the cocoa was introduced, we had not a sick
+man on board till the day she was paid off. Indeed it is the only article
+of nourishment in sea victualling; for what can in reason be expected
+from beef or pork after it has been salted a year or two?
+
+Wheat we found answer extremely well, rough ground in a mill occasionally
+as we wanted it, and with the addition of a little brown sugar, it made a
+pleasant nourishing diet, of which the men were extremely fond. Another
+great advantage attending it, that it does not require half the quantity
+of water that pease do.
+
+Soft bread was found extremely beneficial to the sick and convalescent,
+and we availed ourselves of every opportunity of baking for half the
+complement at a time. As the flour keeps so much longer sound than
+biscuit, it may be needless to remark its superior advantages; besides,
+it is not liable to be damaged by water or otherwise, so much as bread,
+as a crust forms outside, which protects the rest. In point of stowage it
+likewise is preferable.
+
+As the fate of every expedition of this kind depends much on the exertion
+of the subordinate departments of office, the thanks of every individual
+in the _Pandora_ is due to Mr. Cherry, for his uncommon attention to the
+victualling.
+
+The dividing the people into three watches had a double good effect as it
+gave them longer time to sleep, and dry themselves before they turned in;
+and as most of our crew consisted of landsmen, the fewer people being on
+deck at a time, rendered it necessary to exert themselves more in
+learning their duty.
+
+The air became now temperate, mild, and agreeable; but unfortunately we
+sprung a leak in the after part of the ship, which reached the bread
+room, and damaged much of it, as one thousand five hundred and fifteen
+pounds were thrown over-board, and a great deal much injured, that we
+kept for feeding the cattle. Many blue Peterals were seen flying about,
+and on the 4th of March saw Easter Island. We now set the forge to work,
+and the armourers were busily employed in making knives and iron work to
+trade with the savages. On the 16th we discovered a Lagoon Island of
+about three or four miles extent; it was well wooded, but had no
+inhabitants, and was named Ducie's Island, in honour of Lord Ducie.
+
+On the 17th we discovered another Island, about five or six miles long,
+with a great many trees on it, but was not inhabited: this was called
+Lord Hood's Island.
+
+On the 19th we discovered an Island of the same description as the
+former, which was named Carrisfort Island, in honour of Lord Carrisfort.
+
+On the 22nd passed Maitea, and on the morning of the 23rd of March
+anchored in Matavy bay, in the Island of Otaheitee. In the dawn of the
+morning, a native immediately on seeing us, paddled off in his canoe, and
+came on board, who shewed expressions of joy to a degree of madness, on
+embracing and saluting us, by whom we learnt that several of the
+mutineers were on the island; but that Mr. Christian and nine men had
+left Otaheitee long since in the _Bounty_, and amused the natives, by
+telling them Captain Bligh had gone to settle at Whytutakee, and that
+Captain Cook was living there. Language cannot express his surprise on
+Lieutenant Hayward's being introduced to him, who had been purposely
+concealed.
+
+At eleven in the forenoon the Launch and Pinnance was dispatched with
+Lieutenants Corner and Hayward and twenty-six men, to the north west part
+of the island, in quest of mutineers. Immediately on our arrival, Joseph
+Coleman, the armourer of the _Bounty_, came on board, and a little after
+the two midshipmen belonging to the _Bounty_; at three Richard Skinner
+came off, and on the 25th the boats returned, after chasing the mutineers
+on shore, and taking possession of their boat. As they had taken to the
+heights, and claimed the protection of Tamarrah, a great chief in Papara,
+who was the proper king of Otaheitee, the present family of Ottoo being
+usurpers, and who intended, had we not arrived with the assistance of the
+_Bounty's_ people, to have disputed the point with Ottoo.
+
+On the twenty-seventh we sent the Pinnace with a present of a bottle of
+rum to king Ottoo, who was with his two queens at Tiaraboo, requesting
+the honour of his company, but the bottle of rum removed all scruples,
+and next day the royal family paid us a visit, and in his suit came
+Oedidy, a chief particularly noticed by Captain Cook.
+
+On the first visit they make it a point of honour of accepting of no
+present; but they make sufficient amends for that, by introducing a
+numerous train of dependents afterwards, to obtain presents.
+
+The King is a tall handsome looking man, about six feet three inches
+high, good natured, and affable in his manners. His principal queen,
+Edea, is a robust looking, course woman, about thirty, and was extremely
+solicitous in learning and adopting our customs, and on hearing our
+English ladies drank tea, became very fond of it. The other queen, or
+concubine, named Aeredy, is a pretty young creature, about sixteen years
+of age: they all three sleep together, and live in the most perfect
+harmony.
+
+A detachment of men were immediately ordered, under the command of
+Lieutenant Corner, to march across the country, and if possible to get
+between the mountains and the mutineers; this gentleman was extremely
+well calculated for an expedition of this kind, having, in the early part
+of his life, bore a commission in the land service, and next morning they
+landed on Point Venus, attended by the principal chiefs as conductors,
+and a number of the common people to assist in carrying the ammunition
+over the heights: what rendered their assistance more necessary, was
+their having to cross a rapid cataract, or river, which came down from
+the mountains, and formed so many curves. They had to ford it sixteen
+times in the course of their journey, which gave evident proofs of the
+superior strength of the natives over the English seamen. The former went
+over with ease, where the sailors could not stem the rapidity of the
+torrent without their help. They were, however, forced to send to the
+ship for ropes and tackles to gain some heights which were otherwise
+inaccessible.
+
+On the party coming to a rest, the Lieutenant expressed a wish to one of
+the natives for something to eat, who told him he might be supplied with
+plenty of victuals ready dressed; he immediately ran to a temple, or
+place of worship, where meat was regularly served to their god, and came
+running with a roasted pig, that had been presented that day. This
+striking instance of impiety rather startled the Lieutenant, which the
+other easily got over, by saying there was more left than the god could
+eat.
+
+It was with much difficulty they could restrain the natives from
+committing depredations on the Cava grounds of the upper districts, as
+they were on the eve of a war with them respecting the hereditary right
+of the crown.
+
+The party now arrived at the residence of a great chief, who received
+them with much hospitality and kindness; and after refreshing them with
+plenty of meat and drink, carried the officer to visit the Morai of the
+dead chief, his father. Mr. Corner judging it necessary, by every mark of
+attention, to gain the good graces of this great man, ordered his party
+to draw up, and fire three vollies over the deceased, who was brought out
+in his best new cloaths, on the occasion; but the burning cartridge from
+one of the muskets, unfortunately set fire to the paper cloaths of the
+dead chief. This unlucky disaster threw the son into the greatest
+perplexity, as agreeable to their laws, should the corpse of his father
+be stolen away, or otherwise destroyed, he forfeits his title and estate,
+and it descends to the next heir.
+
+There was at the same time a party embarked by water, under the command
+of Lieutenant Hayward, who took with him some of the principal chiefs,
+amongst whom was Oedidy, before mentioned by Captain Cook, who went a
+voyage with him, but fell into disrepute amongst them, from affirming he
+had seen water in a solid form; alluding to the ice. He also took with
+him one Brown, an Englishman, that had been left on shore by an American
+vessel that had called there, for being troublesome on board: but
+otherwise a keen, penetrating, active fellow, who rendered many eminent
+services, both in this expedition and the subsequent part of the voyage.
+He had lived upwards of twelve months amongst the natives, adopted
+perfectly their manners and customs, even to the eating of raw fish, and
+dipping his roast pork into a cocoa nut shell of salt water, according to
+their manner, as substitute for salt. He likewise avoided all intercourse
+and communication with the _Bounty's_ people, by which means necessity
+forced him to gain a pretty competent knowledge of their language; and
+from natural complexion was much darker than any of the natives.
+
+Captain Edwards had taken every possible means of gaining the friendship
+of Tamarrah, the great prince of the upper district, by sending him very
+liberal presents, which effectually brought him over to our interest. The
+mutineers were now cut off from every hope of resource; the natives were
+harrassing them behind, and Mr. Hayward and his party advancing in front;
+under cover of night they had taken shelter in a hut in the woods, but
+were discovered by Brown, who creeping up to the place where they were
+asleep, distinguished them from the natives by feeling their toes; as
+people unaccustomed to wear shoes are easily discovered from the spread
+of their toes. Next day Mr. Hayward attacked them, but they grounded
+their arms without opposition; their hands were bound behind their back
+and sent down to the boat under a strong guard.
+
+During the whole business there was only two natives killed; one was shot
+in the dusk of the evening, two nights before the people surrendered, by
+one of the centinels, who had his musket twice beat out of his hand from
+the natives pelting our party with large stones; but the instant he was
+shot, some of his friends rushed in and carried off the corpse.
+
+The other native was shot by the mutineers; when attacked by the natives
+they took to a river; a stone being thrown by one of the natives at the
+wife, or woman, of one of the mutineers, enraged him so much, that he
+immediately shot the offender.
+
+A prison was built for their accommodation on the quarter deck, that they
+might be secure, and apart from our ship's company; and that it might
+have every advantage of a free circulation of air, which rendered it the
+most desirable place in the ship. Orders were likewise given that they
+should be victualled, in every respect in the same as the ship's company,
+both in meat, liquor, and all the extra indulgencies with which we were
+so liberally supplied, notwithstanding the established laws of the
+service, which restricts prisoners to two-thirds allowance: but Captain
+Edwards very humanely commiserated with their unhappy and inevitable
+length of confinement. Oripai, the king's brother, a discerning,
+sensible, and intelligent chief, discovered a conspiracy amongst the
+natives on shore to cut our cables should it come to blow hard from the
+sea. This was more to be dreaded, as many of the prisoners were married
+to the most respectable chiefs' daughters in the district opposite to
+where we lay at anchor; in particular one, who took the name of Stewart,
+a man of great possession in landed property, near Matavy Bay: a
+gentleman of that name belonging to the _Bounty_ having married his
+daughter, and he, as his friend and father-in law, agreeable to their
+custom, took his name.
+
+Ottoo the king, his two brothers, and all the principal chiefs, appeared
+extremely anxious for our safety; and after the prisoners were on board,
+kept watch during the night; were always keeping a sharp look out upon
+our cables, and continually spurring the centinels to be careful in their
+duty. The prisoners' wives visited the ship daily and brought their
+children, who were permitted to be carried to their unhappy fathers. To
+see the poor captives in irons, weeping over their tender offspring, was
+too moving a scene for any feeling heart. Their wives brought them ample
+supplies of every delicacy that the country afforded while we lay there,
+and behaved with the greatest fidelity and affection to them.
+
+Next day the king, his two queens, and retinue, came on board to pay us a
+formal visit, preceded by a band of music. The ladies had about sixty or
+seventy yards of Otaheitee cloth wrapt round them, and were so bulky and
+unwieldy with it, they were obliged to be hoisted on board like horn
+cattle: hogs, cocoa-nuts, bananas, a rich sort of peach, and a variety of
+ready dressed puddings and victuals, composed their present to the
+Captain.
+
+As soon as they were on board, the Captain debarassoit the ladies, by
+rolling their linen round his middle; an indispensable ceremony here in
+receiving a present of cloth: and Medua, wife to Oripai, the king's
+brother, took a great liking to the Captain's laced coat, which he
+immediately put on her with much gallantry; and that beautiful princess
+seemed much elated with her new finery. I cannot ommit a circumstance of
+this lady's attachment to dress. There was a custom which had prevailed
+for a long time, to present the god with all red feathers that could be
+procured; but thinking she would become red feathers full as well as his
+godship, immediately employed all her domestics making them up into fly
+flaps, and other personal ornaments, to prevent the altar making a
+monopoly of all the good things, in this, as well as in other countries.
+
+A grand Hćva was next day ordered for our entertainment ashore, on Point
+Venus, and on our landing we were preceded by a band of music, and led to
+where the king and his levee were in waiting to receive us. The course
+was soon cleared by the chiefs, and the entertainment began by two men,
+who vied with each other in filthy lascivious attitudes, and frightful
+distortions of their mouths. These having performed their part, two
+ladies, pretty fancifully dressed, as described in Captain Cook's
+Voyages, were introduced after a little ceremony. Something resembling a
+turkey-cock's tail, and stuck on their rumps in a fan kind of fashion,
+about five feet in diameter, had a very good effect while the ladies kept
+their faces to us; but when in a bending attitude, they presented their
+rumps, to shew the wonderful agility of their loins; the effect is better
+conceived than described. After half an hour's hard exercise, the dear
+creatures had remüé themselves into a perfect fureur, and the piece
+concluded by the ladies exposing that which is better felt than seen;
+and, in that state of nature, walked from the bottom of the theatre to
+the top where we were sitting on the grass, till they approached just by
+us, and then we complimented them in bowing, with all the honours of war.
+
+These accomplishments are so much prized amongst them that girls come
+from the interior parts of the country to the court residence, for
+improvement in the Hćva, just as country gentlemen send their daughters
+to London boarding-schools.
+
+This may well be called the Cytheria of the southern hemisphere, not only
+from the beauty and elegance of the women, but their being so deeply
+versed in, and so passionately fond of the Eleusinian mysteries; and what
+poetic fiction has painted of Eden, or Arcadia, is here realized, where
+the earth without tillage produces both food and cloathing, the trees
+loaded with the richest of fruit, the carpet of nature spread with the
+most odoriferous flowers, and the fair ones ever willing to fill your
+arms with love.
+
+It affords a happy instance of contradicting an opinion propagated by
+philosophers of a less bountiful soil, who maintain that every virtuous
+or charitable act a man commits, is from selfish and interrested views.
+Here human nature appears in more amiable colours, and the soul of man,
+free from the gripping hand of want, acts with a liberality and bounty
+that does honour to his God.
+
+A native of this country divides every thing in common with his friend,
+and the extent of the word friend, by them, is only bounded by the
+universe, and was he reduced to his last morsel of bread, he cheerfully
+halves it with him; the next that comes has the same claim, if he wants
+it, and so in succession to the last mouthful he has. Rank makes no
+distinction in hospitality; for the king and beggar relieve each other in
+common.
+
+The English are allowed by the rest of the world, and I believe with some
+degree of justice, to be a generous, charitable people; but the
+Otaheiteans could not help bestowing the most contemptuous word in their
+language upon us, which is, Peery Peery, or Stingy.
+
+In becoming the Tyo, or friend of a man, it is expected you pay him a
+compliment, by cherishing his wife; but, being ignorant of that ceremony,
+I very innocently gave high offence to Matuara, the king of York Island,
+to whom I was introduced as his friend: a shyness took place on the side
+of his Majesty, from my neglect to his wife; but, through the medium of
+Brown the interpreter, he put me in mind of my duty, and on my promising
+my endeavours, matters were for that time made up. It was to me, however,
+a very serious inauguration: I was, in the first place, not a young man,
+and had been on shore a whole week; the lady was a woman of rank, being
+sister to Ottoo, the king of Otaheitee, and had in her youth been
+beautiful, and named Peggy Ottoo. She is the right hand dancing figure so
+elegantly delineated in Cook's Voyages. But Peggy had seen much service,
+and bore away many honourable scars in the fields of Venus. However, his
+Majesty's service must be done, and Matuara and I were again friends. He
+was a domesticated man, and passionately fond of his wife and children;
+but now became pensive and melancholy, dreading the child should be
+Piebald; though the lady was six months advanced in her pregnancy before
+we came to the island.
+
+The force of friendship amongst those good creatures, will be more fully
+understood from the following circumstance: Churchhill, the principal
+ringleader of the mutineers, on his landing, became the Tyo, or friend,
+of a great chief in the upper districts. Some time after the chief
+happening to die without issue, his title and estate, agreeable to their
+law from Tyoship, devolved on Churchhill, who having some dispute with
+one Thomson of the _Bounty_, was shot by him. The natives immediately
+rose, and revenged the death of Churchhill their chief, by killing
+Thomson, whose skull was afterwards shown to us, which bore evident marks
+of fracture.
+
+Oedidy, although perfectly devoted to our interest, on being appointed
+one of the guides in the expedition against the mutineers, expressed
+great horror at the act he was going to commit, in betraying his friend,
+being Tyo to one of them.
+
+They are much less addicted to thieving than when Capt. Cook visited
+them; and when things were stolen, by applying to the magistrate of the
+district, the goods were immediately returned; for, like every other well
+regulated police, the thief and justice were of one gang.
+
+Sometimes we slightly punished the offenders, by cutting off their hair.
+A beautiful young creature, who lived at the Observatory with one of our
+young gentlemen, slipped out of bed from him in the night, and stole all
+his linen. She was punished for the theft, by shaving one of her
+eye-brows, and half of the hair off her head. She immediately run into
+the woods, and used to come once or twice a day to the tent, to request
+looking at herself in the glass; but the grotesque figure she cut, with
+one side entirely bald, made her shriek out, and run into the woods to
+shun society.
+
+With respect to agriculture, in a soil where nature has done so much,
+little is left to human industry; but had there been occasion for it,
+abilities would not be wanting. It is much to be lamented, that the
+endeavours of the philanthropic Sir Joseph Banks were frustrated, by
+their razing of every thing which he took so much pains to rear amongst
+them, a few shaddocks excepted. Tobacco and cotton have escaped their
+ravage; and they are much mortified that they cannot eradicate it from
+their grounds: but were a handloom on a simple construction, as used by
+the natives of Java, introduced amongst them, they could soon turn their
+cotton to good account. An instance of their ingenuity and imitative
+powers in matting, was a thing perfectly unknown amongst them till
+Captain Cook introduced it from Anamooka, one of the Friendly Isles: but
+in that branch of manufacture they now far surpass their original. They
+have likewise abundance of fine sugarcanes, growing spontaneously all
+over the island, from which rum and sugar might be extracted. Indeed an
+attempt was made by Coleman, the armourer of the _Bounty_, who made a
+still, and succeeded; but, dreading the effects of intoxication, both
+amongst themselves and the natives, very wisely put an end to his labours
+by breaking the still.
+
+Captain Bligh has likewise planted Indian corn, from which much may be
+expected. On our landing, as soon as public business of more importance
+would permit, our gentlemen were indefatigable in laying out a piece of
+garden ground, and ditching it round. Lemons, oranges, limes,
+pine-apples, plants of the coffee tree, with all the lesser class of
+things, as onions, lettuces, peas, cabbages, and every thing necessary
+for culinary purposes, were planted.
+
+In order that they might not meet the same fate of the things planted by
+Sir Joseph Banks, Captain Edwards made use of every stratagem to make the
+chiefs fond of the oranges and limes, by dipping them in sugar, to cover
+the acid before it be presented to them to eat. Messrs. Corner and
+Hayward were equally zealous in using the most persuasive arguments with
+the chiefs to take care of our garden, and rear and propagate the plants
+when we were gone; to all which they lent a deaf ear, and treated the
+subject with much levity, saying, they might be very good to us, but that
+they were already plentifully supplied with every thing they wished or
+wanted, and had not occasion for more. But on the Lieutenant's
+representing, that if, on our return, they could supply us with plenty of
+such articles as we left with them, they in exchange would receive
+hatchets, knives, and red cloth, they seemed more favourably inclined to
+our project; and I have no doubt but that some after navigators will reap
+the benefit of their industry.
+
+The Bread-fruit, although the most delicate and nourishing food upon
+earth, is, with people like them, liable to inconveniencies; for in such
+a group or Archipelago of islands, whose inhabitants are in such various
+gradations of refinement, from the gentle and polished Otaheitean, to the
+savage and cannibal Feegee, a war amongst them is often attended with
+devastation as well as famine. By cutting round the bark of the
+Bread-fruit tree, a whole country may be laid waste for four or five
+years, young trees not bearing in less time. Crops, such as Indian corn,
+English wheat and peas, that have been left amongst them, can in time of
+war be stored in granaries on the top of their almost inaccessible
+mountains.
+
+While speaking of the Bread-fruit tree, I can exemplify my subject from
+what happened to an island contiguous to Otaheite, whose coast abounded
+with fine fish; and the Otaheitans, being themselves too lazy to catch
+them, destroyed all the Bread-fruit trees on this little island; by which
+act of policy, they are obliged to send over boats with fish regularly to
+market, to be supplied with bread in barter from Otaheite. To this island
+they likewise send their wives, thinking they become fair by living on
+fish, and low diet. They also send boys for the same reason, whom they
+keep for abominable purposes.
+
+As to the religion of this country, it is difficult for me to define it.
+Their tenets, although equally ignorant of heathen mythology or
+theological intricacies, seem to partake of both; and, like other nations
+in the early ages of society, are rendered subservient to political
+purposes, as by the machinery of deification the person of the king is
+sacred and inviolable. Notwithstanding the king be a broad shouldered
+strapping fellow, three sturdy stallions of _cecisbeos_, or lords in
+waiting, are kept for the particular amusement of the queen, when his
+majesty is in his cups. Yet the royal issue is always declared to be
+sprung from the immortal Gods; and the heir-apparent, during his
+minority, is put under the tuition of the high priest. Their God is
+supposed to be omnipresent, and is worshipped in spirit, idolatry not
+being known amongst them. The sacred mysteries are only known to the
+priests or augurs, the king, princes, and great chiefs, the common people
+only serving as victims, or to fill up the pageantry of a religious
+procession. One of our gentlemen expressing a wish to the high priest,
+of carrying from amongst them that God whose altars craved so much human
+blood, he, like a true priest, had his subterfuge ready, by saying, there
+were more of the same family in the other islands, from whence they could
+easily be supplied. On all great occasions, each district sends a male
+victim; and the island containing forty districts, it may be presumed the
+mortality is great. Between the sacrifices and the ravages of war, a
+preponderating number of females must have taken place; to counteract
+which, a law passed, that every other female child should be put to death
+at birth; and the husband always officiating as acoucheur to his wife,
+the child is destroyed as soon as the sex is discovered.
+
+The absurdity of this inhuman law is now pretty evident. Women are become
+more scarce, and set a higher value on their charms, which occasions many
+desperate battles amongst them. Some with fractured skulls were sent on
+board of us, which had been got in amorous affrays of that kind.
+
+It may naturally be supposed, that people of such gentle natures make no
+conspicuous figure in the theatre of war.
+
+Their war-canoes are very large, on which a platform is placed, capable
+of containing from a hundred and fifty to two hundred men. But their
+taste in decorating the prow of their men of war, plainly indicates they
+are more versed in the fields of Venus than Mars, every man of war having
+a figure head of the god Priapus, with a preposterous insignia of his
+order; the sight of which never fails to excite great glee and good
+humour amongst the ladies.
+
+It is customary with those nations at war, that the treaty of peace be
+confirmed by the conquerors sending a certain number of their women to
+cohabit with the nation that is vanquished, in order to conciliate their
+affection by a bond more lasting than wax and parchment. It was the
+unhappy lot of Otaheite to be overcome by a nation whose women were too
+masculine for them; they being accustomed to the amorous dalliance of
+their own beautiful females, were averse to familiar intercourse with
+strangers. The ladies returned with all the rage of disappointed women,
+and the war was renewed with all its horrors.
+
+They are well acquainted with the bow and arrow, but use it as an
+amusement. The only missive weapons they use are the sling and spear.
+They have now amongst them about twenty stand of arms, and two hundred
+rounds of powder and ball. They can take a musket to pieces, and put it
+up again; are good marksmen, take proper care of their arms and
+ammunition; and are highly sensible of the superior advantage it gives
+them over the neighbouring nations.
+
+In the preparing and printing their cloth, the women display a great
+share of ingenuity and good taste. Many of their figures were exactly the
+patterns which prevailed, as fashionable, when we left England, both
+striped and figured. They print their figured cloth by dipping the leaves
+in dye-stuffs of different colours, placing them as their fancy directs.
+Their cloth is of different texture of fineness, from a stuff of the same
+nature in quality as the slightest India paper, to a kind as durable as
+some of our cottons; but they will not bear water, and of course become
+troublesome and expensive. They are generally made up in bales, running
+about two yards broad, and twenty or thirty yards long. We had some
+thousands of yards of it sent on board as presents.
+
+Their sumptuary laws, at first sight, may appear severe towards the fair
+sex, who are not permitted to eat butchermeat, nor to eat at all, in the
+presence of their husbands. It certainly does not convey the most
+delicate ideas, to a mind impressed with much sensibility, to see a fine
+woman devouring a piece of beef; and those voluptuaries, who may be said
+to exist only by their women, would naturally endeavour to remove the
+possibility of presupposing a disgusting idea in that object in which all
+their happiness centres.
+
+Every woman, the queen and royal family excepted, on the approach of the
+king, is denuded down to the waist, and continues so whilst his majesty
+is in sight. Should the king enter a woman's house, it is immediately
+pulled down. The king is never permitted to help himself with meat or
+drink, which makes him a very troublesome visitor, as he is never quiet
+whilst a bottle is in sight till he has had the last drop of it.
+
+Their houses are well adapted to the temperate climate they inhabit, and
+generally consist of three chambers, the interior one of which the chief
+retires to, after he has drank his cava. A profound silence is observed
+during his repose; for should they be suddenly awaked, it produces
+violent vomiting, and a train of uneasy sensations; but, otherwise, if
+undisturbed, it proves a safe anodyne, creates amorous dreams, and a
+powerful excitement to venery. In the adjoining chamber, his fair spouse
+waits, with eager expectation, to avail herself of the happy moment when
+her lord should awake, which is by slow degrees; and he is roused from
+Elysium, by her gentle offices, in tenderly embracing every part of his
+body, until his ideal scenes of bliss are realised; and when fully sated
+with the luscious banquet, they retire to the bath, to gather fresh
+vigour for a renewal of similar joys. In this mazy round of chaste
+dissipation, the hours glide gently on, and the evening is spent in
+dancing to the music of Pan's pipes, the flute, and hćva drum. They then
+go to the bath again, and the festivity of the evening is concluded with
+a repast of fruit, and young cocoanut milk. The whole village
+indiscriminately join the feast; and the demon of rank and precedence,
+with their appendages malevolence and envy, has never yet disturbed their
+happy board.
+
+Happy would it have been for those people had they never been visited by
+Europeans; for, to our shame be it spoken, disease and gunpowder is all
+the benefit they have ever received from us, in return for their
+hospitality and kindness. The ravages of the venereal disease is evident,
+from the mutilated objects so frequent amongst them, where death has not
+thrown a charitable veil over their misery, by putting a period to their
+existence.
+
+A disease of the consumptive kind has of late made great havoc amongst
+them; this they call the British disease, as they have only had it since
+their intercourse with the English.
+
+In this complaint they are avoided by society, from a supposition of its
+being contagious; and in every old out-house, you will find miserable
+objects, for want of medical assistance, abandoned to their wretched
+fate. From what we could learn, it generally terminates fatally in ten or
+twelve months; but I am led to believe, that in many cases it originates
+from the venereal disease.[117-1]
+
+The voice of humanity honour, and justice, calls upon us as a nation to
+remedy those evils, by sending some intelligent surgeon to live amongst
+them. They at present pant for the pruning-hand of civilization and the
+arts; love and adore us as beings of a superior nature, but gently
+upbraid us with having left them in the same abject state they were at
+first discovered.
+
+We had buoyed many of them up with the hopes of carrying them to England
+with us, in order to secure their fidelity and honesty, especially those
+who were most useful in our domestic concerns; but on explaining to them
+that even bread was not to be obtained in England without labour, they
+lost hopes of their favourite voyage.
+
+Large presents were now brought us for our sea-store; and notwithstanding
+Mr. Bentham our purser having most liberally supplied the ship with four
+pounds of fresh pork per man each day, it made no apparent scarcity;
+beside salting some thousand weight, and a prodigious number of goats,
+fowls, and other things. Could we have made it convenient to have staid
+another week, some cows were promised to have been sent us from a
+neighbouring island. Capt. Cook had left with them a horse and mare, a
+cow with calf, and a bull; but, from some mistake, they killed a horse
+instead of one of the cows, and found it very tough, disagreeable eating,
+by which means they were disgusted with all the horned cattle, and drew
+an unfavourable conclusion that their meat was all of the same texture.
+Had some pains been taken with them, to get the better of a dislike they
+have to milk, and explained to them how variously it might be employed as
+food, I have no doubt but they would have paid more attention to the
+horned cattle. They used to persist in saying that milk was urine; but on
+pointing to a woman that was suckling her child, and pushing their own
+argument, they seemed convinced of their error. We have left them a goose
+and a gander, which they take a great delight in.
+
+Edea, the Queen, endeavoured to conquer that absurd dislike, and at last
+became fond of milk in her tea.
+
+A painting of Capt. Cook, done in oil by Webber, which had been delivered
+to Capt. Edwards on his first landing, was now returned to them. It is
+held by them in the greatest veneration; and I should not be surprised
+if, one day or other, divine honours should be paid to it. They still
+believe Capt. Cook is living; and their seeing Mr. Bentham our purser,
+whom they perfectly recollected as having been the voyage with him, and
+spoke their language, will confirm them in that opinion.
+
+The harbour was surveyed by Mr. Geo. Passmore, the master, an able and
+experienced officer.
+
+Our officers here, as at Rio Janeiro, showed the most manly and
+philanthropic disposition, by giving up their cabins, and sacrificing
+every comfort and convenience for the good of mankind, in accommodating
+boxes with plants of the Bread-fruit tree, that the laudable intentions
+of government might not be frustrated from the loss of his majesty's ship
+_Bounty_.
+
+We had now completed our water from an excellent spring, out of a rock
+close to the water's edge, at Offaree.
+
+King Ottoo, and his queen Edea, came on board, and were very importunate
+in their solicitations to Capt. Edwards, requesting him to take them to
+England with him. Aeredy, the concubine, likewise requested the same
+favour; but she more generously begged they might all three go together.
+But Oripai, and the other chiefs, remonstrated against his going, as they
+were on the eve of a war.
+
+We were now perfectly ready for sea; and as Capt. Cook's picture is
+presented to all strangers, it is customary for navigators to write their
+observations on the back of it; so our arrival and departure was notified
+upon it.
+
+The ship was filled with cocoa-nuts and fruit, as many pigs, goats, and
+fowls, as the decks and boats would hold. The dismal day of our departure
+now arrived. This I believe was the first time that an Englishman got up
+his anchor, at the remotest part of the globe, with a heavy heart, to go
+home to his own country. Every canoe almost in the island was hovering
+round the ship; and they began to mourn, as is customary for the death of
+a near relation. They bared their bodies, cut their heads with shells,
+and smeared their breasts and shoulders with the warm blood, as it
+streamed down; and as the blood ceased flowing, they renewed the wounds
+in their head, attended with a dismal yell.
+
+Ottoo now took leave of us; and, with the tears trickling down his
+cheeks, begged to be remembered to King George. The tender was put in
+commission, and the command of her given to Mr. Oliver the master's mate,
+Mr. Renouard a midshipman, James Dodds a quartermaster; and six privates
+were put on board of her. She was decked, beautifully built, and the size
+of a Gravesend boat.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[91-1] First printed at Berwick in 1793.
+
+[96-1] Afternoon entertainments.
+
+[117-1] Compare the ravages of the great Lila (wasting sickness) in Fiji,
+and the accounts of similar visitations following on the first visit of
+an European ship to an insular people. (The Fijians, p. 243).
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. II.
+
+VOYAGE FROM OTAHEITE TO ANAMOOKA.
+
+
+WITH a pleasant breeze, on the evening of the 8th of May, passed Emea or
+York Island, contiguous to, and in sight of Otaheite. It is governed by
+Matuara, brother-in-law to Ottoo. It is a pleasant romantic looking spot,
+with very high hills upon it, and about twelve miles in circumference.
+They were lately attacked by some neighbouring power, and Matuara
+requested the lend of a musket from his friend and ally. When peace was
+restored, Ottoo sent for his musket. Matuara represented, that as a man,
+from a sense of honour, he wished to return it; but that as a king, the
+love he bore his subjects prevented him complying with the request. That
+single musket, and a few cartridges, gives him no small degree of
+consequence, and are retained as the royal dower of his wife.
+
+Next morning we reached Huaheine, and sent the boats on shore in Owharre
+Bay. As Oedidy the chief requested to go with us to Whytutakee, he went
+on shore with the officers, in their search for intelligence of the
+mutineers; but they returned without success.
+
+Here we learned the fate of Omai, the native of Otaheite, whom Captain
+Cook brought from England. On his return here he had wealth enough to
+obtain every fine woman on the island; and at last fell a martyr to
+Venus, having finished his career by the venereal disease, two years
+after his landing. His house and garden are still standing; but his
+musket occasioned a war after his death, and was found in the possession
+of a native of Ulitea. His servant was on board of us, but had not
+retained a single article of his property.
+
+On the 10th, we examined Ulitea and Otaha, interchanged presents with the
+natives, and landed in Chamanen's Bay; but got no information.
+
+We examined Bolobola on the 11th; and Tatahu, the king, honoured us with
+a visit. The people of this island are of a more warlike disposition than
+any other of the Society Islands; and on account of that national
+ferocity of character, are much caressed by the Otaheitans and
+neighbouring islands. They are sensible of their pre-eminence, and boast
+of their country, in whatever island you meet them. They are tatooed in a
+particular manner; and whether they may have spread their conquests, or
+other nations imitated them, I could not learn; but a prodigious number,
+in islands we afterwards visited, were tatooed in their fashion. What was
+most singular, we saw some with the glans of the penis entirely tatooed;
+and our men, from being tatooed in the legs, arms, and breast, places of
+much less sensation, were often lame for a week, from the excruciating
+torture of the operation. Tatahu likewise informed us there were no white
+men on Tubai, a small island to the northward of Bolobola, and under his
+jurisdiction; nor upon Mauruah, another island in sight, and to the
+westward of Bolobola. He also mentioned another island, which he called
+Mopehah. Here Oedidy went on shore; but getting drunk in meeting some of
+his old friends, he fell asleep, and lost his passage. On the 12th we
+left Mauruah, and on the 13th lost sight of the Society Islands.
+
+Here one of the prisoners begged to speak with the Captain, and gave
+information of Mr. Christian's intended rout.
+
+We now shaped our course to fall in to the eastward of Whytutakee, an
+island discovered by Capt. Bligh, and on the 19th made the island. We
+sent the boat on shore, covered by the tender, to examine it; but found
+it a thing impossible for the _Bounty_ to have been there; and the
+natives said they had seen no white people. They were very shy, and we
+could not coax them on board. One of them recollected having seen Lieut.
+Hayward on board the _Bounty_. Here we purchased from the natives a spear
+of most exquisite workmanship. It was nine feet long, and cut in the form
+of a Gothic spire, all its ornaments being executed in a kind of alto
+relievo; which, from the slow progress they made with stone tools, must
+have been the labour of a man's whole life.
+
+Here nature begins to assume a ruder aspect; and the silken bands of love
+gives way to the rustic garniture of war. The natives of either sex wear
+no cloathing, but a girdle of stained leaves round their middle, and the
+men a gorget, of the exact shape and size as at present wore by officers
+in our service. It is made of the pearl oyster-shell. The centre is
+black, and the transparent part of the shell is left as an edge or border
+to it, which gives it a very fine effect. It is slung round their neck
+with a band of human hair, or the fibres of cocoa nut-shell, of admirable
+texture, and a rose worked at each corner of the gorget, the same as the
+military jemmy of the present day.
+
+We now began to discover, that the ladies of Otaheite had left us many
+warm tokens of their affection.
+
+Instructions were given to the commander of the tender to be particular
+in guarding against surprise, and a rendezvous established, in case of
+separation; and on Sunday, the 22nd of May, made Palmerston's Islands.
+
+The tender's signal was made to cover the boats in landing; and some
+natives were seen rowing across the lagoon to a considerable distance.
+Soon after their landing, Lieut. Corner and his party discovered a yard
+and some spars marked _Bounty_, and the broad arrow upon them. When this
+intelligence was communicated to the ship, a signal was made to the party
+on shore to advance with great circumspection, and to guard against
+surprise. Mr. Rickards, the master's mate, went in the cutter, and made a
+circuit of the island.
+
+Lieuts. Corner and Hayward landed on the different isles with
+cork-jackets; but the surf running very high all round, rendered it
+exceedingly dangerous, and in many places impracticable. Had they not
+been expert swimmers, in duty of this kind, they must have certainly been
+drowned, as they had not only themselves and the party to take care of,
+but the arms and ammunition to land dry.
+
+About four o'clock in the afternoon, Mr. Sival the midshipman came on
+board in the jolly-boat, and brought with him several very curious
+stained canoes, representing the figure of men, fishes, and beasts. He
+had committed some mistake in the orders he was sent to execute, and was
+ordered to return immediately to rectify it; but the boat did not come
+back again. A few minutes after she left the ship, the weather became
+thick and hazy, and began to blow fresh; so that, even with the
+assistance of glasses, they could not see whether she made the shore or
+not. It continued to blow during the night, so as to prevent the party on
+shore from coming on board. They had been employed during the day in
+searching all the islands with particular attention, having every reason
+to suspect the mutineers were there, from finding the _Bounty's_ yard and
+spars. But at last, wore out with fatigue in marching, and swimming
+through so many reefs, and having no victuals the whole day, in the
+evening they began to forage for something to eat. The gigantic cockle
+was the only thing that presented. Of the shell of one they made a
+kettle, to boil some junks of it in. (It may be necessary here to remark,
+for the information of those who are not acquainted with it, that there
+are some of them larger than three men can carry.) Of this coarse fare,
+and some cocoa-nuts, they made shift, with the assistance of a good
+appetite, to make a tolerable hearty supper; they then set the watch, and
+went to sleep. They had thrown a large nut on the fire before they lay
+down, and forgot it; but in the middle of the night, the milk of the
+cocoa-nut became so expanded with the heat, that it burst with a great
+explosion. Their minds had been so much engaged in the course of the day
+with the enterprise they were employed in, expecting muskets to be fired
+at them from every bush, that they all jumped up, seized their arms, and
+were some time before they could undeceive themselves that they were
+really not attacked.
+
+In the morning the boats returned; and we were much concerned to hear
+that they had seen nothing of the jolly-boat. The tender received a fresh
+supply of provisions and ammunition; at the same time they had orders to
+cruise in a certain direction, to look for the jolly-boat; and
+Palmerston's Isles was appointed as a rendezvous to meet again. Lieut.
+Corner now came on board, in a canoe not much bigger than a butcher's
+tray. The cutter was sent a second time to search the reefs, but returned
+without success. We then run down with the ship in the direction the wind
+had blown the preceding day, in hopes of finding the boat; but after a
+whole day's run to leeward, and working up again by traverses to the
+isles, saw nothing of her. The tender hove in sight in the evening, and
+we again searched the isles without success. All further hopes of seeing
+her were given up, and we proceeded on our voyage. It may be difficult to
+surmise what has been the fate of these unfortunate men. They had a
+piece of salt-beef thrown into the boat to them on leaving the ship; and
+it rained a good deal that night and the following day, which might
+satiate their thirst. It is by these accidents the Divine Ruler of the
+universe has peopled the southern hemisphere.[126-1]
+
+Here are innumerable islands in perpetual growth. The coral, a marine
+vegetable, with which the South Seas in every part abounds, is
+continually shooting up from the bottom to the surface, which at first
+forms lagoon islands; and the water in the centre is evaporated by the
+heat of the sun, till at last a terra firma is completed. In this state
+it would for ever remain a barren sand, had not Divine Providence given
+birth to the cocoa-nut tree, whose fruit is so protected with a hard
+shell, that after floating about for a twelve-month in the sea, it will
+vegetate, take root, and grow in those salt marshes, lagoons, incipient
+islands, or what you please to call them. Their roots serve to bind the
+surface of the coral; and the annual shedding of their leaves, in time
+creates a soil which produces a verdure or undergrowth. This affords a
+favourite resting-place to sea-fowls, and the whole feathered race, who
+in their dung drop the seeds of shrubs, fruits, and plants; by which
+means all the variety of the vegetable kingdom is disseminated. At last
+the variegated landscape rises to the view; and when the divine
+Architect has finished his work, it becomes then a residence for man.
+
+From the various accidents incident to man in the early stages of
+society, their wants, and the restless spirit inherent in their natures,
+they are tempted to dare the elements, either in fishing, commerce, or
+war; and from their temerity are often blown to remote and uninhabited
+islands. Distressing accidents of this nature often happening to
+inhabitants of the South Seas, they now seldom undertake any hazardous
+enterprise by water without a woman, and a sow with pig, being in the
+canoe with them; by which means, if they are cast on any of those
+uninhabited islands, they fix their abode.
+
+Their remote situation from European powers has deprived them of the
+culture of civilised life, as they neither serve to swell the ambitious
+views of conquest, nor the avarice of commerce. Here the sacred finger of
+Omnipotence has interposed, and rendered our vices the instruments of
+virtue; and although that unfortunate man Christian has, in a rash
+unguarded moment, been tempted to swerve from his duty to his king and
+country, as he is in other respects of an amiable character and
+respectable abilities, should he elude the hand of justice, it may be
+hoped he will employ his talents in humanizing the rude savages; so that,
+at some future period, a British Ilion may blaze forth in the south with
+all the characteristic virtues of the English nation, and complete the
+great prophecy, by propagating the Christian knowledge amongst the
+infidels. As Christian has taken fourteen beautiful women with him from
+Otaheite, there is little doubt of his intention of colonising some
+undiscovered island.
+
+On the 6th day of June, we discovered an island, which was named the Duke
+of York's island. Lieuts. Corner and Hayward were sent out to examine it
+in the two yauls, covered by the tender. Some huts being discovered by
+the ship, a signal was immediately made for the party on shore to be on
+their guard, and to advance with caution.
+
+Soon after their arrival on shore, a ship's wooden buoy was discovered.
+On searching the huts, nets of different sizes were found hanging in
+them, and a variety of fishing utensils. Stages and wharfs were likewise
+discovered in different parts of the creek, which led us to imagine it
+was only an island resorted to in the fishing season by some neighbouring
+nation. The skeleton of a very large fish, supposed to be a whale, was
+found near the beach; and a place of venerable aspect, formed entirely by
+the hand of Nature, and resembling a Druidical temple, commanded their
+attention. The falling of a very large old tree, formed an arch, through
+which the interior part of the temple was seen, which heightened the
+perspective, and gave a romantic solemn dignity to the scene. At the
+extreme end of the temple, three altars were placed, the centre one
+higher than the other two, on which some white shells were piled in
+regular order.[128-1]
+
+After traversing the island, they returned to the huts, and hung up a few
+knives, looking-glasses, and some little articles of European
+manufacture, that the natives, on their return, might know the island had
+been visited.
+
+On the 12th, we discovered another island, which was named the Duke of
+Clarence's island. In running along the land, we saw several canoes
+crossing the lagoons. The tender's signal was made, to cover the boats in
+landing, and Lieuts. Corner and Hayward sent to reconnoitre the beach, to
+discover a landing-place. In this duty they came pretty near some of the
+natives in their canoes, who made signs of peace to them; but, either
+from fear or business, avoided having any intercourse with us. Morais,
+or burying-places, were likewise found here, which indicated it to be a
+principal residence. Here they find some old cocoa trees hollowed
+longitudinally, as tanks or reservoirs for the rain water.
+
+On the 18th, we discovered an island of more considerable extent than any
+island that has hitherto been discovered in the south; and as there were
+many collateral circumstances which might hereafter promise it to be a
+discovery of national importance, in honour of the first lord of the
+admiralty, it was called Chatham's Island. It is beautifully diversified
+with hills and dales, of twice the extent of Otaheite, and a hardy
+warlike race of people. The natives described a large river to us, which
+disembogued itself into a spacious bay, that promises excellent
+anchorage.[129-1] Here we learned the death of Fenow, king of Anamooka,
+from one of his family of the same name, who had a finger cut off in
+mourning for him. After trading a whole day with the natives, who seemed
+fair and honourable in their dealings, we examined it without success,
+and proceeded on our voyage.
+
+On the 21st we discovered a very considerable island, of about forty
+miles long. It was named by the natives Otutuelah. Capt. Edwards gave no
+name to it; but should posterity derive the advantages from it which it
+at present promises, I presume it may hereafter be called Edwards's
+island.[129-2]
+
+It is well wooded with immense large trees, whose foliage spreads like
+the oak; and there is a deal of shrubbery on it, bearing a yellow flower.
+The natives are remarkably handsome. Some of them had their skins tinged
+with yellow, as a mark of distinction, which at first led us to imagine
+they were diseased. Neither sex wear any cloathing but a girdle of
+leaves round their middle, stained with different colours. The women
+adorn their hair with chaplets of sweet-smelling flowers and bracelets,
+and necklaces of flowers round their wrists and neck.
+
+On their first coming on board, they trembled for fear. They were
+perfectly ignorant of fire-arms, never having seen a European ship
+before. They made many gestures of submission, and were struck with
+wonder and surprise at every thing they saw. Amongst other things, they
+brought us some most remarkable fine puddings, which abounded with
+aromatic spiceries, that excelled in taste and flavour the most delicate
+seed-cake. As we have never hitherto known of spices or aromatics being
+in the South Seas, it is certainly a matter worthy the investigation of
+some future circumnavigators. We traded with them the whole day, and got
+many curiosities. Birds and fowls, of the most splendid plumage, were
+brought on board, some resembling the peacock, and a great variety of the
+parrot kind.
+
+One woman amongst many others came on board. She was six feet high, of
+exquisite beauty, and exact symmetry, being naked, and unconscious of her
+being so, added a lustre to her charms; for, in the words of the poet,
+"She needed not the foreign ornaments of dress; careless of beauty, she
+was beauty's self."
+
+Many mouths were watering for her; but Capt. Edwards, with great humanity
+and prudence, had given previous orders, that no woman should be
+permitted to go below, as our health had not quite recovered the shock it
+received at Otaheite; and the lady was obliged to be contented with
+viewing the great cabin, where she was shewn the wonders of the Lord on
+the face of the mighty deep. Before evening, the women went all on shore,
+and the men began to be troublesome and pilfering. The third lieutenant
+had a new coat stole out of his cabin; and they were making off with
+every bit of iron they could lay hands on.
+
+It now came on to blow fresh, and we were obliged to make off from the
+land. Those who were engaged in trade on board were so anxious, that we
+had got almost out of sight of their canoes before they perceived the
+ship's motion, when they all jumped into the water like a flock of wild
+geese; but one fellow, more earnest than the rest, hung by the rudder
+chains for a mile or two, thinking to detain her.
+
+This evening, at five o'clock, we unfortunately parted company, and lost
+sight of our tender. False fires were burnt, and great guns and small
+arms were fired without success, as it came on thick blowing weather.
+
+We cruised for her all the 23rd and 24th, near where we parted company,
+which was off a piece of remarkable high land. What was most unfortunate,
+water and provisions were then on deck for her, which were intended to
+have been put on board of her in the morning. She had the day before
+received orders, in case of separation, to rendezvous at Anamooka, and to
+wait there for us. A small cag of salt, and another of nails and
+iron-ware, were likewise put on board of her, to traffic with the
+Indians, and the latitudes and longitudes of the places we would touch
+at, in our intended rout. She had a boarding netting fixed, to prevent
+her being boarded, and several seven-barrelled pieces and blunderbusses
+put on board of her.
+
+As we proceeded to the eastward, we saw another island, which we knew to
+be one of the navigator's isles, discovered by Mons. Bougainville. On the
+28th, in the morning, saw the Happai Islands, discovered by Capt. Cook,
+and before noon, the group of islands to the eastward of Anamooka, and
+sailed down between Little Anamooka and the Fallafagee Island.
+
+On the 29th, we anchored in the road of Anamooka. Immediately on our
+arrival, a large sailing canoe was hired, and Lieut. Hayward and one
+private sent to the Happai and Feegee Islands,[132-1] to make inquiry
+after the _Bounty_ and our tender; but received no intelligence. Here
+they found an axe, which had been left by Capt. Cook, and bartered with
+the natives of the different islands for hogs, yams, &c.
+
+The people of Anamooka are the most daring set of robbers in the South
+Seas; and, with the greatest deference and submission to Capt. Cook, I
+think the name of Friendly Isles is a perfect misnomer, as their
+behaviour to himself, to us, and to Capt. Bligh's unfortunate boat at
+Murderer's Cove, pretty clearly evinces. Indeed Murderer's Cove, in the
+Friendly Isles, is saying a volume on the subject.
+
+Two or three of the officers were taking a walk on shore one evening, who
+had the precaution to take their pistols with them. They seemed to crowd
+round us with more than idle curiosity; but, on presenting the pistols to
+them, they sheered off. The Captain soon joined us, and brought his
+servant with him, carrying a bag of nails, and some trifling presents,
+which he meant to distribute amongst them; but he took the bag from him,
+and dispatched him with a message to the boat, on which the crowd
+followed him. As soon as he got out of our sight, they stripped him
+naked, and robbed him of his cloaths, and every article he had, but one
+shoe, which he used for concealing his nakedness. At this juncture Lieut.
+Hayward arrived from his expedition, and called the assistance of the
+guard in searching for the robbers. We saw the natives all running, and
+dodging behind the trees, which led us to suspect there was some mischief
+brewing; but we soon discovered the great Irishman, with his shoe full
+in one hand, and a bayonet in the other, naked and foaming mad with
+revenge on the natives, for the treatment he had received. Night coming
+on, we went on board, without recovering the poor fellow's cloathes.
+
+Next day we were honoured with a visit from Tatafee, king of Anamooka,
+who was of lineal descent from the same family that reigned in the island
+when discovered by Tasman, the Dutch circumnavigator; and the story of
+his landing and supplying them with dogs and hogs, is handed down, by
+oral tradition, to this day.[133-1]
+
+Here society may be said to exist in the second stage with respect to
+Otaheite. As land is scarcer, private property is more exactly
+ascertained, and each man's possession fenced in with a beautiful Chinese
+railing. Highways, and roads leading to public places, are neatly fenced
+in on each side, and a handsome approach to their houses by a
+gravel-walk, with shubbery planted with some degree of taste on each side
+of it. Many of them had rows of pine apples on each side of the avenue.
+Messrs. Hayward and Corner, with their usual benevolence, took much pains
+in teaching them the manner of transplanting their pine-apples; which
+hint they immediately adopted, and were very thankful for any advice,
+either in rearing their fruit, or cultivating their ground. The shaddocks
+are superior in flavour to those of the West Indies; and they will soon
+have oranges from what we have left amongst them.
+
+The women here are extremely beautiful; and although they want that
+feminine softness of manners which the Otaheite women possess in so
+eminent a degree, their matchless vivacity, and fine animated
+countenances, compensate the want of the softer blandishments of their
+sister island.
+
+There is a favourite amusement of the ladies here, (the cup and ball),
+such as children play at in England. It serves to give them a dégagé kind
+of air, by which means you have a more elegant display of their charms.
+They are well aware of their fascinating powers, and use them with as
+much address as our fine women do notting, and other acts of industry.
+Trade went briskly on. They brought abundance of hogs, and several ton
+weight of very excellent yams. We found that the pork took salt, and was
+cured much better here than at Otaheite.
+
+Many beautiful girls were brought on board for sale by their mothers, who
+were very exorbitant in their demands, as nothing less than a broad axe
+would satisfy them; but after standing their market three days, _la
+pucelage_ fell to an old razor, a pair of scissors, or a very large nail.
+Indeed this trade was pushed to so great a height, that the quarter-deck
+became the scene of the most indelicate familiarities. Nor did the
+unfeeling mothers commiserate with the pain and suffering of the poor
+girls, but seemed to enjoy it as a monstrous good thing. It is customary
+here, when girls meet with an accident of this kind, that a council of
+matrons is held, and the noviciate has a gash made in her fore finger. We
+soon observed a number of cut fingers amongst them; and had the razors
+held out, I believe all the girls in the island would have undergone the
+same operation.
+
+A party was sent on shore to cut wood for fuel, and grass for the sheep;
+but they would not permit a blade of grass to be cut till they were paid
+for it.
+
+The watering party shared the same fate; and notwithstanding a guard of
+armed men were sent to protect the others whilst on that duty, the
+natives were continually harassing them, and commiting depredations. One
+of them came behind Lieut. Corner, and made a blow at him with his club,
+which luckily missed his head, and only stunned him in the back of the
+neck; and, while in that state, snatched his handkerchief from him; but
+Mr. Corner recovering before the thief got out of sight, levelled his
+piece and shot him dead.
+
+Tatafee[135-1] the king was going to collect tribute from the islands
+under his jurisdiction, and went in the frigate to Tofoa; but previous to
+our sailing, a letter was left to Mr. Oliver, the commander of the
+tender, should he chance to arrive before our return, with Macaucala, a
+principal chief. In the night, the burning mountain on Tofoa exhibited a
+very grand spectacle; and in the morning two canoes were sent on shore,
+to announce the arrival of those two great personages, Tatafee and
+Toobou, who went on shore in the _Pandora's_ barge, to give them more
+consequence; but the tributary princes came off in canoes, to do homage
+to Tatafee before he reached the shore. They came alongside the barge,
+lowered their heads over the side of the canoe, and Tatafee, agreeable to
+their custom, put his foot upon their heads. When on shore, what presents
+he had received from us, he distributed amongst his subjects, with a
+liberality worthy of a great prince.
+
+Some of the people were here who behaved with such savage barbarity to
+Capt. Bligh's boat at Murderer's Cove. They perfectly recollected Mr.
+Hayward, and seemed to shrink from him. Captain Edwards took much pains
+with Tatafee, the king, to make him sensible of his disapprobation of
+their conduct to Capt. Bligh's boat. But conciliatory and gentle means
+were all that could be enjoined at present, lest our tender should fall
+in amongst them.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[126-1] This gives occasion for a splenetic and unjust tirade from an
+anonymous writer in the _United Service Journal_ for 1831: "When this
+boat with a midshipman and several men (four) had been inhumanely ordered
+from alongside, it was known that there was nothing in her but one piece
+of salt beef, compassionately thrown in by a seaman; and horrid as must
+have been their fate, the flippant surgeon, after detailing the
+disgraceful fact, adds 'that this is the way the world was peopled,' or
+words to that effect, for we quote only from memory." With a fresh E.S.E.
+breeze and no provisions there can be little doubt that Midshipman Sival
+perished at sea, but neither Edwards nor Hamilton are to be censured, the
+former for despatching a boat on ordinary duty, the latter for penning a
+platitude.
+
+[128-1] This suggests the Fijian _Nanga_, or 'bed of the ancestors,' a
+cult introduced by native castaways many generations ago. These castaways
+may have been Polynesians.
+
+[129-1] Savaii in the Samoa group. See p. 49 _ante_.
+
+[129-2] It is known by its native name, Tutuila.
+
+[132-1] A mistake. Hayward visited Huapai only.
+
+[133-1] Tasman visited Namuka in 1642.
+
+[135-1] Fatafehi.
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. III.
+
+VOYAGE FROM ANAMOOKA, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE LOSS OF THE _PANDORA_.
+
+
+THE wind not permitting us to visit Tongataboo, we proceeded to Catooa
+and Navigator's Isles, the loss of our tender having prevented us from
+doing it before, and endeavoured to fall in with the eastermost of these
+islands.
+
+On the morning of the 12th of July, we discovered a cluster of islands in
+the N.W. quarter; but the wind being favourable for us, left examining of
+them till our return to the Friendly Isles.[136-1] On the 14th, in the
+forenoon, saw three isles, supposed to be the cluster of isles called by
+Bougainville Navigator's Isles. The largest the natives called
+Tumaluah.[136-2] We passed them at a little distance, and found much
+intreaty necessary to bring them on board.
+
+On the 15th, we saw another island, which proved to be Otutuelah,[136-3]
+which has been already described. Here we found some of the French
+navigator's cloathing and buttons; and there is little doubt but they
+have murdered them.[136-4]
+
+On the 18th, saw the group of islands we discovered on our way here; and
+on the 19th, ran down the north side till we came to an opening, where we
+saw the sea on the other side. A sound is formed here by some islands to
+the south east and north west, and interior bays, which promises better
+anchorage than any other place in the Friendly Isles. The natives told us
+there were excellent watering-places in several different parts within
+the sound. The country is well wooded. Several of the inferior chiefs
+were on board, one of the Tatafee, and one of the Toobou family; but the
+principal chief was not on board. We supposed he was coming off just as
+we sailed.[137-1] The natives in general were very fair and honourable in
+their dealings. They were more inoffensive and better behaved than any we
+had seen for some time. They have frequent intercourse with Anamooka, and
+their religion, customs, and language, are the same.
+
+A number of beautiful paroquets were brought off by the natives, all
+remarkable for the richness and variety of their plumage.
+
+The group of islands was called Howe's Islands, but were particularly
+distinguished by the names of Barrington's, Sawyer's, Hotham's, and
+Jarvis's Islands. The sound itself was called Curtis's Sound. Under the
+general denomination of Howe's Islands, were included several islands to
+the south east, to which we gave no particular name, and two more islands
+to the westward, called Bickerton's Islands, including two small islands
+near the above. There seems to be a tolerable landing-place on the
+north-west side of Gardner's Island. All this part of the island has a
+most barren aspect. There were evident marks of volcanic eruptions having
+happened. The very singular appearance which this part of the island
+presented, I cannot omit mentioning; it bore the figure of a piece of
+flat table-land, without the slightest eminence or indentation, and smoke
+was issuing from the edges, round its whole circumference.
+
+On the 23rd, we passed an inhabited island, which we supposed to be the
+Pylestaart island. It has two remarkable high peaks upon it.
+
+On the 26th, we saw Middleburg Island, and run down between it and Euah;
+examined it without success; passed Tongatabu; got some provisions here,
+but found the water brackish.
+
+On the 29th, we anchored again in the road of Anamooka. We were sorry to
+hear the tender had not been there. On the 5th of August, we again
+proceeded on our voyage. As the occurrences at this time bore some
+semblance to the transactions in our last visit, to avoid wounding the
+delicate, or satiating the licentious, we shall conclude in the torpid
+phraseology of the log, with ditto repeated.
+
+Every thing being ready for sea on the 3d day of August, we sailed from
+Anamooka; and on the 5th, discovered an island of some considerable
+extent, called by the natives Onooafow,[138-1] which we called Proby's
+Island, in honour of Commissioner Proby. We traded with the inhabitants
+for some hours. The land was hilly, and the houses of much larger
+construction than we had observed in those seas.
+
+We were now convinced that we were further to the westward than we
+imagined, and therefore shaped a course to fall in to the eastward of
+Wallis's Island; and next day fell in with it. We gave presents, as
+customary, to the first boat; who, from a theft they committed, were
+afraid to return. Their cheek-bones were much bruised and flattened, and
+some had both their little fingers cut off.[138-2]
+
+We bore away, intending to steer in the track of Carteret and Bligh,
+between Spirito Santo and Santa Cruz; and on the 8th saw land to the
+westward. We sounded, but found no bottom. We run down the island, and
+saw a vast number of houses amongst the trees. It is very hilly, and,
+from the great height of some of them, may be called mountains. They are
+cultivated to the top; the reason of which, I presume, is from its being
+so full of inhabitants. It is about seven miles long; and being a new
+discovery, we called it Grenville's Island, in honour of Lord Grenville.
+The name the natives gave it is Rotumah. They came off in a fleet of
+canoes, rested on their paddles, and gave the war-hoop at stated periods.
+They were all armed with clubs, and meant to attack us; but the magnitude
+and novelty of such an object as a man of war, struck them with a mixture
+of wonder and fear. They were, however, perfectly ignorant of fire-arms,
+and seemed much startled at the report of a musket, were too shy to stand
+the experiment of a great gun. As they came off with hostile intentions,
+they brought no women with them.
+
+They wore necklaces, bracelets, and girdles of white shells. Their bodies
+were curiously marked with the figures of men, dogs, fishes, and birds,
+upon every part of them; so that every man was a moving landscape. These
+marks were all raised, and done, I suppose, by pinching up the skin.
+
+They were great adepts in thieving, and uncommonly athletic and strong.
+One fellow was making off with some booty, but was detected; and although
+five of the stoutest men in the ship were hanging upon him, and had fast
+hold of his long flowing black hair, he overpowered them all, and jumped
+overboard with his prize. There is a high promontory on this island,
+which we named Mount Temple.
+
+On the 11th, no land being then in sight, we run over a reef of coral, in
+eleven fathom water. We were much alarmed, but passed it in five minutes;
+and on sounding immediately afterwards, found no bottom. This was called
+Pandora's Reef.
+
+On the 12th, in the morning, we discovered an island well wooded, but not
+inhabited. It had two remarkable promontories on it, one resembling a
+mitre, and the other a steeple; from whence we called it Mitre Island. We
+passed it, and stood to the westward; and at ten, the same morning,
+discovered another island to the north west. It is entirely cultivated,
+and a vast number of inhabitants, though only a mile in length. The beach
+from the east, round by the south, is a white sand, but too much surf for
+a boat to attempt to land. In gratitude for the many good things we had
+on board, and the very high state of preservation in which they kept, we
+called this Cherry's Island, in honour of ---- Cherry, Esq; Commissioner
+of the Victualling-office.[140-1]
+
+On the 13th of August, we discovered another island to the north west. It
+is mountainous, and covered with wood to the very summit. We saw no
+inhabitants, but smoke in many different parts of it, from which it may
+be presumed it is inhabited. This we called Pitt's Island.[140-2]
+
+On the 17th, at midnight, we discovered breakers on each bow. We had just
+room to wear ship; and as this merciful escape was from the vigilance of
+one Wells, who was looking out ahead, it was called Wells's Shoals. Those
+hair-breadth escapes may point out the propriety of a consort. In the
+morning, at day-light, we put about, to examine the danger we were in,
+and found we had got embayed in a double reef, which will very soon be an
+island. We run round its north west end, and on the 23d saw land, which
+we supposed to be the Luisiade, a cape bearing north east and by east. We
+called it Cape Rodney. Another contiguous to it was called Cape Hood;
+and a mountain between them, we named Mount Clarence.
+
+After passing Cape Hood, the land appears lower, and to trench away about
+north west, forming a deep bay; and it may be doubted whether it joins
+New Guinea or not.
+
+We pursued our course to the westward, keeping Endeavour Straits open, by
+which means we hoped to avoid the dangers Capt. Cook met with in higher
+latitudes.
+
+On the 25th, saw breakers; hauled up, and passed to the westward of them;
+the sea broke very gently on them. To these we gave the name of Look-out
+Shoals. Before noon we saw more breakers, the reef of which was composed
+of very large stones, and called it Stony-reef Island.
+
+On seeing obstruction to the southward, stood to the westward, where
+there appeared to be an opening. We saw an island in that direction, and
+a reef extending a considerable way to the north west. Hauled upon the
+wind, seeing our passage obstructed, and stood off and on, under an easy
+sail in the night, till daylight; and in the morning bore away, and
+discovered four islands, to which the name of Murray's Islands was given.
+On the top of the largest, there was something resembling a
+fortification. We saw at the same time three two-masted boats. We kept
+running along the reef, and in the forenoon thought we saw an opening.
+Lieut. Corner was immediately ordered to get ready, to discover if there
+was a passage for the ship, and went to the topmasthead, to look well
+round him before he left us. It was judged necessary that he should take
+with him an axe, some fuel, provisions, a little water, and a compass,
+previous to his departure.
+
+It was now the 28th of August. It had lately been our custom to lay to in
+the night, M. Bougainville having represented this part of the ocean as
+exceedingly dangerous; and it certainly is the boldest piece of
+navigation that has ever yet been attempted. We would gladly have
+continued the same custom; but the great length of the voyage would not
+permit it, as, after we had passed to the wastward of Bougainville's
+track, the ocean was perfectly unexplored.
+
+At five in the afternoon, a signal was made from the boat, that a passage
+through the reef was discovered for the ship; but wishing to be well
+informed in so intricate a business, and the day being far spent, we
+waited the boats coming on board, made a signal to expedite her, and
+afterwards repeated it. Night closing fast upon us, and considering our
+former misfortunes of losing the tender and jolly-boat, rendered it
+necessary, both for the preservation of the boat, and the success of the
+voyage, to endeavour, by every possible means, to get hold of her.
+
+False fires were burnt, and muskets fired from the ship, and answered by
+the boat reciprocally; and as the flashes from their muskets were
+distinctly seen by us, she was reasonably soon expected on board. We now
+sounded, but had no bottom with a hundred and ten fathom line, till past
+seven o'clock, when we got ground in fifty fathom. The boat was now seen
+close under the stern; we were at the same time lying to, to prevent the
+ship fore-reaching. Immediately on sounding this last time, the topsails
+were filled; but before the tacks were hauled on board, and the sails
+trimmed, she struck on a reef of rocks, and at that instant the boat got
+on board. Every possible effort was attempted to get her off by the
+sails; but that failing, they were furled, and the boats hoisted out with
+a view to carry out an anchor. Before that was accomplished, the
+carpenter reported she made eighteen inches water in five minutes; and in
+a quarter of an hour more, she had nine feet water in the hold.
+
+The hands were immediately turned to the pumps, and to bale at the
+different hatchways. Some of the prisoners were let out of irons, and
+turned to the pumps. At this dreadful crisis, it blew very violently; and
+she beat so hard upon the rocks, that we expected her, every minute, to
+go to pieces. It was an exceeding dark, stormy night; and the gloomy
+horrors of death presented us all round, being every where encompassed
+with rocks, shoals, and broken water. About ten she beat over the reef;
+and we let go the anchor in fifteen fathom water.
+
+The guns were ordered to be thrown overboard; and what hands could be
+spared from the pumps, were employed thrumbing a topsail to haul under
+her bottom, to endeavour to fodder her. To add to our distress, at this
+juncture one of the chain-pumps gave way; and she gained fast upon us.
+The scheme of the topsail was now laid aside, and every soul fell to
+baling and pumping. All the boats, excepting one, were obliged to keep a
+long distance off on account of the broken water, and the very high surf
+that was running near us. We baled between life and death; for had she
+gone down before day-light, every soul must have perished. She now took a
+heel, and some of the guns they were endeavouring to throw over board run
+down to leeward, which crushed one man to death; about the same time, a
+spare topmast came down from the booms, and killed another man.
+
+The people now became faint at the pumps, and it was necessary to give
+them some refreshment. We had luckily between decks a cask of excellent
+strong ale, which we brewed at Anamooka. This was tapped, and served
+regularly to all hands, which was much preferable to spirits, as it gave
+them strength without intoxication. During this trying occasion, the men
+behaved with the utmost intrepidity and obedience, not a man flinching
+from his post. We continually cheered them at the pumps with the delusive
+hopes of its being soon day-light.
+
+About half an hour before day-break, a council of war was held amongst
+the officers; and as she was then settling fast down in the water, it was
+their unanimous opinion, that nothing further could be done for the
+preservation of his Majesty's ship; and it was their next care to save
+the lives of the crew. To effect which, spars, booms, hen-coops, and
+every thing buoyant was cut loose, that when she went down, they might
+chance to get hold of something. The prisoners were ordered to be let out
+of irons. The water was now coming faster in at the gun-ports than the
+pumps could discharge; and to this minute the men never swerved from
+their duty. She now took a very heavy heel, so much that she lay quite
+down on one side.
+
+One of the officers now told the Captain, who was standing aft, that the
+anchor on our bow was under water; that she was then going; and, bidding
+him farewell, jumped over the quarter into the water. The Captain then
+followed his example, and jumped after him. At that instant she took her
+last heel; and, while every one were scrambling to windward, she sunk in
+an instant. The crew had just time to leap over board, accompanying it
+with a most dreadful yell. The cries of the men drowning in the water was
+at first awful in the extreme; but as they sunk, and became faint, it
+died away by degrees. The boats, who were at some considerable distance
+in the drift of the tide, in about half an hour, or little better, picked
+up the remainder of our wretched crew.
+
+Morning now dawned, and the sun shone out. A sandy key, four miles off,
+and about thirty paces long, afforded us a resting place; and when all
+the boats arrived, we mustered our remains, and found that thirty-five
+men and four prisoners were drowned.
+
+After we had a little recovered our strength, the first care was to haul
+up the boats. A guard was placed over the prisoners. Providentially a
+small barrel of water, a cag of wine, some biscuit, and a few muskets and
+cartouch boxes, had been thrown into the boat. The heat of the sun, and
+the reflection from the sand, was now excruciating; and our stomachs
+being filled with salt water, from the great length of time we were
+swimming before we were picked up, rendered our thirst most intolerable;
+and no water was allowed to be served out the first day. By a calculation
+which we made, by filling the compass boxes, and every utensil we had, we
+could admit an allowance of two small wine glasses of water a-day to each
+man for sixteen days.
+
+A saw and hammer had fortunately been in one of the boats, which enabled
+us, with the greater expedition, to make preparations for our voyage, by
+repairing one of the boats, which was in a very bad state, and cutting up
+the floor-boards of all the boats into uprights, round which we stretched
+canvas, to keep the water from breaking into the boats at sea. We made
+tents of the boats' sails; and when it was dark, we set the watch, and
+went to sleep. In the night we were disturbed by the irregular behaviour
+of one Connell, which led us to suspect he had stole our wine, and got
+drunk; but, on further inquiry, we found that the excruciating torture he
+suffered from thirst led him to drink salt water; by which means he went
+mad, and died in the sequel of the voyage.
+
+Next morning Mr. George Passmore, the master, was dispatched in one of
+the boats to visit the wreck, to see if any thing floated round her that
+might be useful to us in our present distressed state. He returned in two
+hours, and brought with him a cat, which he found clinging to the
+top-gallant-mast-head; a piece of the top-gallant-mast, which he cut
+away; and about fifteen feet of the lightning chain; which being copper,
+we cut up, and converted into nails for fitting out the boats. Some of
+the gigantic cockle was boiled, and cut into junks, lest any one should
+be inclined to eat. But our thirst was too excessive to bear any thing
+which would increase it. This evening a wine glass of water was served to
+each man. A paper-parcel of tea having been thrown into the boat, the
+officers joined all their allowance, and had tea in the Captain's tent
+with him. When it was boiled, every one took a salt-cellar spoonful, and
+passed it to his neighbour; by which means we moistened our mouths by
+slow degrees, and received much refreshment from it.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[136-1] Vavau.
+
+[136-2] Manua.
+
+[136-3] Tutuila.
+
+[136-4] De Langle's boat had been cut off on 10 Dec. 1787.
+
+[137-1] Finau Ulukalala.
+
+[138-1] Niuafoou.
+
+[138-2] A sign of mourning.
+
+[140-1] Anula.
+
+[140-2] Vanikoro.
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. IV.
+
+VOYAGE FROM THE WRECK TO THE ISLAND OF TIMOR.
+
+
+EVERY thing being ready on the following day, at twelve o'clock, we
+embarked in our little squadron, each boat having been previously
+supplied with the latitude and longitude of the island of Timor, eleven
+hundred miles from this place.
+
+Our order of sailing was as follows.
+
+
+In the Pinnace:
+
+Capt. Edwards,
+Lieut. Hayward,
+Mr. Rickards, Master's Mate,
+Mr. Packer, Gunner,
+Mr. Edmonds, Captain's Clerk,
+    Three Prisoners,
+    Sixteen Privates.
+
+
+In the Red Yaul:
+
+Lieut. Larkan,
+Mr. Geo. Hamilton, Surgeon,
+Mr. Reynolds, Master's Mate,
+Mr. Matson, Midshipman,
+    Two Prisoners,
+    Eighteen Privates.
+
+
+In the Launch:
+
+Lieut. Corner,
+Mr. Gregory Bentham, Purser,
+Mr. Montgomery, Carpenter,
+Mr. Bowling, Master's Mate,
+Mr. M'Kendrick, Midshipman,
+    Two Prisoners,
+    Twenty-four Privates.
+
+
+In the Blue Yaul:
+
+Mr. Geo. Passmore, Master,
+Mr. Cunningham, Boatswain,
+Mr. James Innes, Surgeon's Mate,
+Mr. Fenwick, Midshipman,
+Mr. Pycroft, Midshipman,
+    Three Prisoners,
+    Fifteen Privates.
+
+
+As soon as embarked, we laid the oars upon the thwarts, which formed a
+platform, by which means we stowed two tier of men. A pair of wooden
+scales was made in each boat, and a musket-ball weight of bread served to
+each man. At meridian we saw a key, bounded with large craggy rocks. As
+the principal part of our subsistence was in the launch, it was necessary
+to keep together, both for our defence and support. We towed each other
+during the night, and at day-break cast off the tow-line.
+
+At eight in the morning, the red and blue yauls were sent ahead, to sound
+and investigate the coast of New South Wales, and to search for a
+watering-place. The country had been described as very destitute of the
+article of water; but on entering a very fine bay, we found most
+excellent water rushing from a spring at the very edge of the beach. Here
+we filled our bellies, a tea-kettle, and two quart bottles. The pinnace
+and launch had gone too far ahead to observe any signal of our success;
+and immediately we made sail after them. The coast has a very barren
+aspect; and, from the appearance of the soil and land, looks like a
+country abounding with minerals.
+
+As we passed round the bay, two canoes, with three black men in each, put
+off, and paddled very hard to get near us. They stood up in the canoes,
+waved, and made many signs for us to come to them. But as they were
+perfectly naked, had a very savage aspect, and having heard an
+indifferent account of the natives of that country, we judged it prudent
+to avoid them.
+
+In two hours we joined the pinnace and launch, who were lying to for us.
+At ten at night we were alarmed with the dreadful cry of breakers ahead.
+We had got amongst a reef of rocks; and in our present state, being worn
+out and fatigued, it is difficult to say how we got out of them, as the
+place was fraught with danger all round; for in standing clear of Scylla,
+we might fall foul of Charybdis; the horror of which, considering our
+present situation, may be better understood than expressed. After running
+along, we came to an inhabited island, from which we promised ourselves a
+supply of water. On our approach, the natives flocked down to the beach
+in crowds. They were jet black, and neither sex had either covering or
+girdle. We made signals of distress to them for something to drink, which
+they understood; and on receiving some trifling presents of knives, and
+some buttons cut off our coats, they brought us a cag of good water,
+which we emptied in a minute, and then sent it back to be filled again.
+They, however, would not bring it the second time, but put it down on the
+beach, and made signs to us to come on shore for it. This we declined, as
+we observed the women and children running, and supplying the men with
+bows and arrows. In a few minutes, they let fly a shower of arrows
+amongst the thick of us. Luckily we had not a man wounded; but an arrow
+fell between the Captain and Third Lieutenant, and went through the boats
+thwart, and stuck in it. It was an oak-plank inch thick. We immediately
+discharged a volley of muskets at them, which put them to flight. There
+were, however, none of them killed. We now abandoned all hopes of
+refreshment here. This island lies contiguous to Mountainous Island.
+
+It may be observed, that the channel throughout the reef is better than
+any hitherto known. We ascertained the latitudes with the greatest
+accuracy and exactness; and should government be inclined to plant trees
+on those sandy keys, particularly the outermost one, it would be a good
+distinguishing mark; and many difficulties which Capt. Cook experienced
+to the southward would also be avoided. The cocoa-nut tree, on account of
+its hardy nature, and the Norfolk and common pines, might be preferred,
+from their height rendering the place more conspicuous. The tides or
+currents are strong and irregular here, as may be expected, from the
+extending reefs, shoals, and keys, and its vicinity to Endeavour Straits.
+
+We steered from these hostile savages to other islands in sight, and sent
+some armed men on shore, with orders to keep pretty near us, and to run
+close along shore in the boats. But they returned without success. This
+island we called Plumb Island, from its bearing an austere, astringent
+kind of fruit, resembling plumbs, but not fit to eat.
+
+In the evening, we steered for those islands which we supposed were
+called the Prince of Wales's Islands; and about two o'clock in the
+morning, came to an anchor with a grappling, along side of an island,
+which we called Laforey's Island. As the night was very dark, and this
+was the last land that could afford us relief, all hands went to sleep,
+to refresh our woe-worn spirits.
+
+The morning was ushered in with the howling of wolves, who had smelt us
+in the night, when prowling for food. Lieut. Corner and a party were sent
+at day-light, to search again for water; and, as we approached, the wild
+beasts retired, and filled the woods with their hideous growling. As soon
+as we landed, we discovered a foot-path which led down into a hollow,
+where we were led to suspect that water might be found; and on digging
+four or five feet, we had the ecstatic pleasure to see a spring rush out.
+A glad messenger was immediately dispatched to the beach, to make a
+signal to the boats of our success. On traversing the shore, we
+discovered a morai, or rather a heap of bones. There were amongst them
+two human skulls, the bones of some large animals, and some turtle-bones.
+They were heaped together in the form of a grave, and a very long paddle,
+supported at each end by a bifurcated branch of a tree, was laid
+horizontally alongst it.
+
+Near to this, there were marks of a fire having been recently made. The
+ground about was much footed and wore; whence it may be presumed feasts
+or sacrifices had been frequently held, as there were several foot-paths
+which led to this spot. After having gorged our parched bodies with
+water, till we were perfectly water-logged, we began to feel the cravings
+of hunger; a new sensation of misery we had hitherto been strangers to,
+from the excess of thirst predominating. Some of our stragglers were
+lucky enough to find a few small oysters on the shore. A harsh, austere,
+astringent kind of fruit, resembling a plumb, was found in some places.
+As I discovered some to be pecked at by the birds, we permitted the men
+to fill their bellies with them. There was a small berry, of a similar
+taste to the plumb, which was found by some of the party. On observing
+the dung of some of the larger animals, many of them were found in it, in
+an undigested state; we therefore concluded we might venture upon them
+with safety. We carefully avoided shooting at any bird, lest the report
+of the muskets should alarm the natives, whom we had every reason to
+suspect were at no great distance, from the number of foot paths that led
+over the hill, and the noise we heard at intervals. Centinels were placed
+to prevent stragglers of our party from exceeding the proper bounds; and
+when every other thing was filled with water, the carpenter's boots were
+also filled. The water in them was first served out, on account of
+leakage.
+
+There is a large sound formed here, to which we gave the name of
+Sandwich's Sound, and commodious anchorage for shipping in the bay, to
+which we gave the name of Wolf's Bay, in which there is from five to
+seven fathom water all round. This is extremely well situated for a
+rendezvous in surveying Endeavour Straits; and were a little colony
+settled here, a concatenation of Christian settlements would enchain the
+world, and be useful to any unfortunate ship of whatever nation, that
+might be wrecked in these seas; or, should a rupture take place in South
+America, a great vein of commerce might find its way through this
+channel.
+
+Hammond's Island lies north west and by west, Parker's Island from north
+and by west to north and by east, and an island seen to the north
+entrance north west. We supposed it to be an island called by Captain
+Bligh Mountainous Island, laid down in latitude 10.16 South.
+
+Sandwich's Sound is formed by Hammond's, Parker's, and a cluster of small
+islands on the starboard hand, at its eastern entrance. We also called a
+back land behind Hammond's Island, and the other islands to the southward
+of it, Cornwallis's Land. The uppermost part of the mountain was
+separated from the main by a large gap. Under the gap, low land was seen;
+but whether that was a continuation of the main or not, we could not
+determine. Near the centre of the sound is a small dark-coloured, rocky
+island.
+
+This afternoon, at three o'clock, being the 2d of September, our little
+squadron sailed again, and in the evening saw a high peaked island lying
+north west, which we called Hawkesbury's Island. The passage through the
+north entrance is about two miles wide. After passing through it, saw a
+reef. As we approached it, we shallowed our water to three fathom; but on
+hauling up more to the south west, we deepened it again to six fathom.
+Saw several very large turtle, but could not catch any of them. After
+clearing the reef, stood to the westward. Mountainous Island bore N. half
+E.; Capt. Bligh's west island, which appears in Three Hummocks, N.N.W.; a
+rock N.W. at the S.W. extreme of the main land, S. and by E.; and the
+northernmost cape of New South Wales, S.S.E.; and to the extreme of the
+land in sight, the eastward E. half N. a small distance from the nearest
+of the Prince of Wales's Islands, we discovered another island, and which
+we called Christian's Island. Saw Two Hummock between Hawkesbury's Island
+and Mountainous Island; but could not be certain whether it was one or
+two islands.
+
+We now entered the great Indian ocean, and had a voyage of a thousand
+miles to undertake in our open boats. As soon as we cleared the land, we
+found a very heavy swell running, which threatened destruction to our
+little fleet; for should we have separated, we must inevitably perish for
+want of water, as we had not utensils to divide our slender stock. For
+our mutual preservation, we took each other in tow again; but the sea was
+so rough, and the swell running so high, we towed very hard, and broke a
+new tow-line. This put us in the utmost confusion, being afraid of
+dashing to pieces upon each other, as it was a very dark night. We again
+made fast to each other; but the tow-line breaking a second time, we
+were obliged to trust ourselves to the mercy of the waves. At five in
+the morning, the pinnace lay to, as the other boats had passed her under
+a dark cloud; but on the signal being made for the boats to join, we
+again met at day-light. At meridian, we passed some remarkable black and
+yellow striped sea snakes. On the afternoon of the 4th of September, gave
+out the exact latitude of our rendezvous in writing; also the longitude
+by the time-keeper at this present time, in case of unavoidable
+separation.
+
+On the night between the 5th and 6th, the sea running very cross and
+high, the tow-line broke several times; the boats strained, and made much
+water; and we were obliged to leave off towing the rest of the voyage, or
+it would have dragged the boats asunder. On the 7th, the Captain's boat
+caught a booby. They sucked his blood, and divided him into twenty-four
+shares.
+
+The men who were employed steering the boats, were often subject to a
+_coup de soleil_, as every one else were continually wetting their shirts
+overboard, and putting it upon their head, which alleviated the scorching
+heat of the sun, to which we were entirely exposed, most of us having
+lost our hats while swimming at the time the ship was wrecked. It may be
+observed, that this method of wetting our bodies with salt water is not
+advisable, if the misery is protracted beyond three or four days, as,
+after that time, the great absorption from the skin that takes place from
+the increased heat and fever, makes the fluids become tainted with the
+bittern of the salt water; so much so, that the saliva became intolerable
+in the mouth. It may likewise be worthy of remark, that those who drank
+their own urine died in the sequel of the voyage.
+
+We now neglected weighing our slender allowance of bread, our mouths
+becoming so parched, that few attempted to eat; and what was not claimed
+was thrown into the general stock. We found old people suffer much more
+than those that were young. A particular instance of that we observed in
+one young boy, a midshipman, who sold his allowance of water two days for
+one allowance of bread. As their sufferings continued, they became very
+cross and savage in their temper. In the Captain's boat, one of the
+prisoners took to praying, and they gathered round him with much
+attention and seeming devotion. But the Captain suspecting the purity of
+his doctrines, and unwilling he should make a monopoly of the business,
+gave prayers himself. On the 9th, we passed a great many of the Nautilus
+fish, the shell of which served us to put our glass of water into; by
+which means we had more time granted to dip our finger in it, and wet our
+mouths by slow degrees. There were several flocks of birds seen flying in
+a direction for the land.
+
+On the 13th, in the morning, we saw the land, and the discoverer was
+immediately rewarded with a glass of water; but, as if our cup of misery
+was not completely full, it fell a dead calm. The boats now all
+separated, every one pushing to make the land. Next day we got pretty
+near it; but there was a prodigious surf running. Two of our men slung a
+bottle about their necks, jumped overboard, and swam through the surf.
+They traversed over a good many miles, till a creek intercepted them;
+when they came down to the beach, and made signs to us of their not
+having succeeded. We then brought the boat as near the surf as we durst
+venture, and picked them up. In running along the coast, about twelve
+o'clock, we had the pleasure to see the red yaul get into a creek. She
+had hoisted an English jack at her mast-head, that we might observe her
+in running down the coast. There was a prodigious surf, and many
+dangerous shoals, between us and the mouth of the creek; we, however,
+began to share the remains of our water, and about half a bottle came to
+each man's share, which we dispatched in an instant.
+
+We now gained fresh spirits, and hazarded every thing in gaining our so
+much wished for haven. It is but justice here to acknowledge how much we
+were indebted to the intrepidity, courage, and seaman-like behaviour of
+Mr. Reynolds the master's mate, who fairly beat her over all the reefs,
+and brought us safe on shore. The crew of the blue yaul, who had been two
+or three hours landed, assisted in landing our party. A fine spring of
+water near to the creek afforded us immediate relief. As soon as we had
+filled our belly, a guard was placed over the prisoners, and we went to
+sleep for a few hours on the grass.
+
+In the afternoon, a Chinese chief came down the creek in a canoe,
+attended by some of the natives, to wait upon us. He was a venerable
+looking old man; we endeavoured to walk down to the water-side, to
+receive him, and acquaint him with the nature of our distress.
+
+We addressed him in French and in English, neither of which he
+understood; but misery was so strongly depicted in our countenances, that
+language was superfluous. The tears trickling down his venerable cheeks
+convinced us he saw and felt our misfortunes; and silence was eloquence
+on the subject.
+
+He made us understand by signs, that without fee or reward we should be
+supplied with horses, and conducted to Coupang, a Dutch East-India
+settlement, about seventy miles distant, the place of our rendezvous.
+This we politely declined, as the nature of our duty in the charge of the
+prisoners would not admit of it. We took leave of him for the present,
+after receiving promises of refreshment.
+
+Soon after, crowds of the natives came down with fowls, pigs, milk, and
+bread. Mr. Innes, the surgeon's mate, happened luckily to have some
+silver in his pocket, to which they applied the touchstone, but would not
+give us any thing for guineas. However, anchor-buttons answered the
+purpose, as they gave us provision for a few buttons, which they refused
+the same number of guineas for; till a hungry dog, one of the carpenter's
+crew, happening to pick up an officer's jacket, spoiled the market, by
+giving it, buttons and all, for a pair of fowls, which a few buttons
+might have purchased.
+
+All hands were busied in roasting the fowls, and boiling the pork; in the
+evening we made a very hearty supper. While we were regaling ourselves
+round a large fire, some wild beast gave a roar in the bushes. Some who
+had been in India before, declared it was the jackall; we therefore,
+concluded the lion could not be far off. Some were jocularly observing
+what a glorious supper the lord of the forest would make of us; but
+others were rather troubled with the dismaloes. This gave a gloomy turn
+to the conversation; and our minds having been previously much engaged
+with savages and wild beasts, and our bodies worn out through famine and
+watching, I believe the contagious effects of fear became pretty general.
+From Bligh's narrative, and others, we had been warned of the danger of
+landing in any other part of the island of Timor but Coupang, the Dutch
+settlement, as they were represented hostile and savage.
+
+It is customary with those people, as we afterwards learnt, to do their
+hard work, such as beating out their rice at night, to avoid the
+scorching heat of the sun; and the whole village, which was about two
+miles off, joined in the general song, which every where chears and
+accompanies labour. As they had made us great offers for some cartridges
+of powder, which our duty could not suffer us to part with, we
+immediately interpreted this song into the war-hoop, and concluded, that
+they were going to take by force what they could not gain by entreaty.
+Nature, however, at last worn out, inclined to rest. The First Lieutenant
+and Master went on board of the boats, which were at anchor in the middle
+of the river, for the better security of the prisoners; and, ranging
+ourselves round, with our feet to the fire, went to sleep.
+
+At dawn of day, the master gave the huntsman's hollow, which some, from
+being suddenly awaked, thought they were attacked by the Indians. We were
+all panic struck, and could not get thoroughly awaked, being so
+exhausted, and overpowered with sleep. Most of us were scrambling upon
+all fours down to the river, and crying for Christ's sake to have mercy
+upon them, till those who were foremost in the scramble, in crawling into
+the creek, got recovered from their plight by their hands being immersed
+in water; yet those who were foremost in running away, were not last in
+upbraiding the rest with cowardice, notwithstanding there were pretty
+evident marks upon some of them, of the cold water having produced its
+usual effects of micturition.
+
+Next day we went up the creek, in one of the boats, about four miles, to
+one of their towns, with an intention of purchasing provisions for our
+sea-store. As we entered the town, the king was riding out, attended by
+twenty carabineers or body-guards, well mounted, and respectably armed.
+He passed us with all the _sang froid_ imaginable, scarce deigning to
+glance at us.
+
+In purchasing a pig, the man finding a good price for it, offered to
+traffic with us for the charms of his daughter, a very pretty young girl.
+But none of us seemed inclined that way, as there were many good things
+we stood much more in need of.
+
+At one o'clock, being high water, we embarked again in our boats for
+Coupang. We sailed along the coast all day till it was dark; and, fearful
+lest we should over-shoot our port in the night, put into a bay. After
+laying some time, we observed a light; and after hallooing and making a
+noise, the natives came down with torches in their hands, waded up
+alongside of us, and offered their assistance, which we accepted of, in
+lighting fires, and dressing the victuals we had brought with us, that no
+time might be lost in landing or cooking the next day.
+
+At day break, we again proceeded on our voyage, and at five in the
+afternoon we landed at Coupang. The Governor, Mynheer Vanion, received us
+with the utmost politeness, kindness, and hospitality. The
+Lieutenant-Governor, Mynheer Fry, was likewise extremely kind and
+attentive, in rendering every assistance possible, and in giving the
+necessary orders for our support and relief in our present distressed
+state.
+
+Next morning being Sunday, as we supposed, the 17th of September, we were
+preparing for Church, to return thanks to Almighty God, for his divine
+interposition in our miraculous preservation; but were disappointed in
+our pious intentions; for we found it was Monday, the 18th, having lost a
+day by performing a circuit of the globe to the westward.
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. V.
+
+OCCURRENCES AT COUPANG; VOYAGE TO BATAVIA, &c.; ARRIVAL IN ENGLAND.
+
+
+THIS is the Montpelier of the East to the Dutch and Portuguese
+settlements in India; and, from the salubrity of its air, is the
+favourite resort of valetudinarians and invalids from Batavia and other
+places. This island is fertile, variegated with hill and dale, and
+equally beautiful as diversified with Rotti, and its appendant isles. It
+is as large as the island of Great Britain. Its principal trade is wax,
+honey, and sandlewood; but the whole of its revenues do not defray the
+expence of the settlement to the Company; but from the locality of its
+situation, it is convenient for their other islands. They had the
+monopoly of the sandlewood trade, which is used in all temples, mosques,
+and places of worship in the East, every Chinese having a sprig of it
+burning day and night near their household-gods.
+
+The exclusive trade of sandlewood was valuable and convenient to the
+Dutch; but, from the vast extent of territory lately acquired in India,
+we have plenty of that commodity without going to the Dutch market. Close
+to the Dutch town is a Chinese town and temple. They have a governor of
+their own nation, but pay large tribute to the Dutch. Notwithstanding
+their trade is under very severe restrictions, they soon make rich; and,
+as soon as they become independent, return to their own country. For
+European and India goods the natives barter their produce, and sell their
+prisoners of war, who are carried to Batavia as slaves, and the natives
+of Java sent from Batavia to this place in return. As they hold their
+tenure more from policy than strength, it would be impolitic to irritate
+them, by exposing their countrymen, subjugated to the lash of slavery and
+oppression.
+
+An instance of this soul-couping business fell under our inspection while
+here. One of the petty princes, in settling his account with a merchant
+of this place, was some dollars short of cash. He just stepped to the
+door, and casting his eye on an elderly man who was near him, he laid
+hold of him; and, with the assistance of some of his myrmidons, gave him
+up as a slave, and so settled his account. We felt more interested in the
+fate of this poor wretch, on account of his having been a prince himself,
+but never before saw the face of his oppressor. He went passenger in the
+ship with us to Batavia.
+
+It was a pleasing and flattering sight to an Englishman, at this remotest
+corner of the globe, to see that Wedgewood's stoneware, and Birmingham
+goods, had found their way into the shops of Coupang.
+
+During our five weeks stay here, the Governor, Mynheer Vanion, by every
+act of politeness and attention endeavoured to make us spend our time
+agreeably. We were sumptuously regaled at his table every day, and the
+evening was spent with cards and concerts. I could dwell with pleasure
+for an age in praise of this honest Dutchman; it is the tribute of a
+grateful heart, and his due. This is the third time he has had an
+opportunity of extending his hospitality to shipwrecked Englishmen.
+
+About a fortnight before we arrived, a boat, with eight men, a woman, and
+two children, came on shore here, who told him they were the supercargo,
+part of the crew, and passengers of an English brig, wrecked in these
+seas. His house, which has ever been the asylum of the distressed, was
+open for their reception. They drew bills on the British government, and
+were supplied with every necessary they stood in need of.
+
+The captain of a Dutch East Indiaman, who spoke English, hearing of the
+arrival of Capt. Edwards, and our unfortunate boat, run to them with the
+glad tidings of their Captain having arrived; but one of them, starting
+up in surprise, said, "What Captain! dam'me, we have no Captain;" for
+they had reported, that the Captain and remainder of the crew had
+separated from them at sea in another boat. This immediately led to a
+suspicion of their being impostors; and they were ordered to be
+apprehended, and put into the castle. One of the men, and the woman, fled
+into the woods; but were soon taken. They confessed they were English
+convicts, and that they had made their escape from Botany Bay. They had
+been supplied with a quadrant, a compass, a chart, and some small arms
+and ammunition, from a Dutch ship that lay there; and the expedition was
+conducted by the Governor's fisherman, whose time of transportation was
+expired. He was a good seaman, and a tolerable navigator. They dragged
+along the coast of New South Wales; and as often as the hostile nature of
+the savage natives would permit, hauled their boat up at night, and slept
+on shore. They met with several curious and interesting anecdotes in this
+voyage. In many places of the coast of South Wales, they found very good
+coal; a circumstance that was not before known. Our men were now
+beginning to regain their strength; and Captain Dadleberg of the Rembang
+Indiaman was making every possible dispatch with his ship to carry us to
+Batavia.
+
+During this time, the interment of Balthazar, King of Coupang, was
+performed with much funeral pomp. The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and
+all the Europeans were invited. Six months had been spent in preparations
+for this fęte, at which an emperor and twenty-five kings assisted and
+attended in person with all their body-guards, standards, and
+standard-bearers, were present. When the corpse was deposited in the
+sepulchre, the Company's troops fired three vollies, and victuals and
+drink were immediately served to four thousand people.
+
+The Dutch and English officers were invited to a very sumptuous dinner,
+at a table provided for the emperor and all the kings. The first toast
+after dinner was the dead king's health. Next they drank Mynheer
+Company's health, which was accompanied with a volley of small arms and
+paterreros. The singularity of Mynheer Company's health, led us to
+request an explanation; when we were informed, they found it necessary to
+make them believe that Mynheer Company was a great and powerful king,
+lest they should not be inclined to pay that submission to a company of
+merchants.
+
+The inaugural ceremony at the installation of the young king, was
+performed by his drinking a bumper of brandy and gunpowder, stirred round
+with the point of a sword. After being invested with the regal dignity,
+he came down in state, to pay his respects to the governor. As he was
+preceded by music, and colours flying, every one turned out to see him.
+Amongst the rest was a captive king in chains, who was employed blowing
+the bellows to our armourer, whilst he was forging bolts and fetters for
+our prisoners and convicts. Here the sunshine of prosperity, and the
+mutability of human greatness, were excellently pourtrayed.
+
+By a policy in the Dutch, in supplying the petty princes with ammunition
+and warlike stores, feuds and dissentions are kindled amongst them; and
+they are kept so completely engaged in civil war, that they have no time
+to observe the encroachments of strangers. That domestic strife serves
+likewise amply to supply the slave trade from the prisoners of both
+parties. They, however, some time since, made head against the common
+enemy, and forced the Dutch to retire within their trenches.
+
+It is the custom, in this climate, to bathe morning and evening. A fine
+river, which runs in the centre of the town, is conveniently situated for
+that purpose; and we availed ourselves of it when our strength would
+permit. Nature has been profusely lavish, in producing, in the
+neighbourhood of this place, all the varied powers of landscape that the
+most luxuriant fancy can suggest. But, while enjoying the picturesque
+beauties of the scene, or sheltering in the translucent stream from the
+fervour of meridian heat, you are suddenly chilled with fear, from the
+terrific aspect of the alligator, or crested snake, and a number of
+venomous reptiles, with which this country abounds. There is one in
+particular called the cowk cowk; it is the most disgusting looking animal
+that creeps the ground, and its bite is mortal. It is about a foot and a
+half long, and seems a production between the toad and lizard. At stated
+periods it makes a noise exactly like a cuckoo clock. Even the natives
+fly from it with the utmost horror. The alligators are daring and
+numerous. There are instances of their devouring men and children when
+bathing in the shallow part of the river above the town.
+
+The Governor, Mynheer Vanion, relates a circumstance that happened to him
+while hunting. In crossing a shallow part of the river, his black boy was
+snapped up by an alligator; but the Governor immediately dismounted,
+rescued the boy out of his mouth, and slew him.
+
+The natives of Timor are subject to a cutaneous disease during their
+infancy, something similar to the small pox, but of longer duration. It
+seldom terminates fatally, and only seizes them once in their
+lives.[165-1]
+
+On the 6th of October, we embarked on board the Rembang Dutch Indiaman,
+taking with us the prisoners and convicts. Our crew became very sickly in
+passing the Straits of Alice [Allas]. We had frequent calms and sultry
+weather until the 12th. In passing the island of Flores, a most
+tremendous storm arose. In a few minutes every sail of the ship was
+shivered to pieces; the pumps all choaked, and useless; the leak gaining
+fast upon us; and she was driving down, with all the impetuosity
+imaginable, on a savage shore, about seven miles under our lee. This
+storm was attended with the most dreadful thunder and lightning we had
+ever experienced. The Dutch seamen were struck with horror, and went
+below; and the ship was preserved from destruction by the manly exertion
+of our English tars, whose souls seemed to catch redoubled ardour from
+the tempest's rage. Indeed it is only in these trying moments of
+distress, when the abyss of destruction is yawning to receive them, that
+the transcendent worth of a British seaman is most conspicuous. Nor would
+I wish, from what I have observed above, to throw any stigma on the
+Dutch, who I believe would fight the devil, should he appear in any other
+shape to them but that of thunder and lightning.
+
+It may be remarked, that the Straits of Alice are not so dangerous as
+those of Sapy [Sapi], and are for many reasons preferable; but it is so
+intricate a navigation that a Dutchman bound from Timor to Batavia,
+after beating about for twelve months, found himself exactly where he
+first started from.
+
+On the 21st, we got through Alice, and saw three prow-vessels, who are a
+very daring set of pirates that infest those seas. On the 22nd, saw the
+islands of Kangajunk and Ulk, and run through the channel that is between
+them. Next day we saw the island of Madura.
+
+On the 26th, saw the island of Java; and on the 30th, anchored at
+Samarang.
+
+Immediately on our coming to anchor, we were agreeably surprised to find
+our tender here which we had so long given up for lost. Never was social
+affection more eminently pourtrayed than in the meeting of these poor
+fellows; and from excess of joy, and a recital of their mutual
+sufferings, from pestilence, famine, and shipwreck, a flood of tears
+filled every man's breast.
+
+They informed us, the night they parted company with us, the savages
+attacked them in a regular and powerful body in their canoes; and their
+never having seen a European ship before, nor being able to conceive any
+idea of fire-arms, made the conflict last longer than it otherwise would;
+for, seeing no missive weapon made use of, when their companions were
+killed, they did not suspect any thing to be the matter with them, as
+they tumbled into the water. Our seven-barrelled pieces made great havoc
+amongst them. One fellow had agility enough to spring over their
+boarding-netting, and was levelling a blow with his war-club at Mr.
+Oliver, the commanding-officer, who had the good fortune to shoot him.
+
+On not finding the ship next day, they gave up all further hopes of her,
+and steered for Anamooka, the rendezvous Captain Edwards had appointed.
+Their distress for want of water, if possible, surpassed that of our own,
+and had so strong an effect on one of the young gentlemen, that the day
+following he became delirious, and continued so for some months after it.
+
+They at last made the island of Tofoa, near to Anamooka, which they
+mistook for it. After trading with the natives for provisions and water,
+they made an attempt to take the vessel from them, which they always will
+to a small vessel, when alone; but they were soon overpowered with the
+fire arms. They were, however, obliged to be much on their guard
+afterwards, at those islands which were inhabited.
+
+After much diversity of distress, and similar encounters, they at last
+made the reef that runs between New Guinea and New Holland, where the
+_Pandora_ met her unhappy fate; and after traversing from shore to shore,
+without finding an opening, this intrepid young seaman boldly gave it the
+stem, and beat over the reef. The alternative was dreadful, as famine
+presented them on the one hand, and shipwreck on the other. Soon after
+they had passed Endeavour Straits, they fell in with a small Dutch
+vessel, who shewed them every tenderness that the nature of their
+distress required.
+
+They were soon landed at a small Dutch settlement; but the governor
+having a description of the _Bounty's_ pirates from our court, and their
+vessel being built of foreign timber, served to confirm them in their
+suspicions; and as no officer in the British navy bears a commission or
+warrant under the rank of lieutenant, where, by seal of office, their
+person or quality may be identified, they had only their bare _ipse
+dixit_ to depend on. They, however, behaved to them with great precaution
+and humanity. Although they kept a strict guard over them, nothing was
+withheld to render their situation agreeable; and they were sent, under a
+proper escort, to this place.
+
+This settlement is reckoned next to Batavia, and is so lucrative, that
+the governor is changed every five years. The present governor's name is
+Overstraaten, a gentleman of splendid taste and unbounded hospitality,
+who lives in a princely style; and to the _otium dignitate_ of Asiatic
+luxury, has the happiness to join an honest hearty Dutch welcome.
+
+A regiment of the Duke of Wirtemburg is doing duty here, amongst whom
+were several men of rank and fashion, who shewed us much civility and
+politeness.
+
+The town is regular and beautiful, and the houses are built in a style of
+architecture, which has given loose to the most sportive fancy. Each
+street is terminated with some public building, such as a great marine
+school, for the education of young officers and seamen; an hospital for
+decayed officers in the Company's service; churches; the Governor's
+palace, &c. &c. Here the _utile dulce_ has not been neglected, and those
+objects of national importance are placed in a proper point of view, as
+the just pride and ornament of a great commercial people.
+
+Such is the effect of early prejudices, that, under the muzle of the sun,
+a Dutchman cannot exist without snuffing the putrid exhalations from
+stagnant water, to which they have been accustomed from their infancy.
+They are intersecting it so fast with canals, that in a year or two this
+beautiful town will be completely dammed.
+
+In a few days, we arrived at Batavia, the emporeum of the Dutch in the
+East; and our first care was employed in sending to the hospital the
+sickly remains of our unfortunate crew. Some dead bodies floating down
+the canal struck our boat, which had a very disagreeable effect on the
+minds of our brave fellows, whose nerves were reduced to a very weak
+state from sickness. This was a _coup de grace_ to a sick man on his
+_premier entree_ into this painted sepulchre, this golgotha of Europe,
+which buries the whole settlement every five years.
+
+It is not the climate I am inveighing against; it is the Gothic,
+diabolical ideas of the people I indite.
+
+Were they only Dutchmen who supplied the ravenous maw of death, it would
+be impertinence in me to make any comment on it; but when the whole globe
+lends its aid to supply this destructive settlement, and its baneful
+effects arising more from the letch a Dutchman has for stagnant mud than
+from climate, I hope the indulgent reader will pardon my spleen, when I
+tell them professionally that all the mortality of that place originates
+from marsh effluvia, arising from their stagnant canals and
+pleasure-grounds.
+
+The Chinese are here the Jews of the East, and as soon as they make their
+fortune, they go home. Let the amateurs of the Republican system read and
+learn. Be not surprised when it is observed, that these little great men,
+those vile hawkers of spice and nutmegs, exact a submission that the most
+absolute and tyrannical monarch who ever swayed a sceptre would be
+ashamed of. The compass of my work will not allow me to be particular;
+but I must instance one among many others. When an edilleer, or one of
+the supreme council, meets a carriage, the gentleman who meets him must
+alight, and make him a perfect bow in spirit; not one of Bunburry's long
+bows, but that bow which carries humility and submission in it, that sort
+of bow which every vertebrć in an English back is anchylosed against.
+
+In our passage from this to the Cape, before we left Java, one of the
+convicts had jumped over board in the night, and swam to the Dutch
+arsenal at Honroost. In passing Bantan, we viewed the relics of Lord
+Cathcart. We met nothing particular in passing the island of Sumatra, but
+experienced great death and sickness in going through the Straits of
+Sunda; and after a tedious passage, arrived at the Cape of Good Hope.
+
+Here we met with many civilities from Colonel Gordon; a gentleman no less
+eminent for his private virtues than his extraordinary military and
+literary accomplishments. From his labours, all the host of voyagers and
+historians of that part of the globe have been purloining; but it is to
+be hoped the world will, at some future period, be favoured with his
+works unmutilated.
+
+The town is gay, and from length of habit, the inhabitants partake much
+of the manners of Bath; and, for a short season, behave with the utmost
+attention and tenderness. Their dress and customs are more characteristic
+of the English than Dutch. An uncommon rage for building has lately
+prevailed; and although they cannot boast of that chastity of style in
+which Samarang is built it is gaudy, and calculated to please the
+generality of observers.
+
+Allow me to mention the singular manner in which the monkeys make
+depredations on the gardens here. They place a proper piquet, or advanced
+guard, as sentinels, when a party is drawn up in a line, who hand the
+fruit from one to another; and when the alarm is given by the
+piquet-guard, they all take flight, making sure that by that time the
+booty is conveyed to a considerable distance. But should the piquet be
+negligent in their duty, and suffer the main body to be surprised, the
+delinquents are severely punished.
+
+The same ill-fated rage for canalling-murder prevails here. They have
+even contrived to carry canals to the top of a mountain. The boors, or
+country-farmers, are a species of the human race, so gigantic and
+superior to the rest of mankind, in point of size and constitution, that
+they may be called nondescripts.
+
+Their hospital, as to scite, surpasses any in the world. It may be
+observed, however, that the architect, by the smallness of the windows,
+which only serve to exclude the light and air, seems to have studied,
+with much ingenuity, to render it a cadaverous stinking prison.
+
+After being refreshed at the Cape, we passed St. Helena, the island of
+Ascension, and arrived at Holland; and had the happiness, through the
+interposition of divine Providence, to be again landed on our native
+shore.
+
+The Latitudes and Longitudes of the different places touched at or
+discovered by his Majesty's ship _Pandora_, taken with the greatest
+accuracy from the centre of the islands.
+
+Names of Places.                           Latitudes.      Longitudes.
+
+Gomera,                                  | 28  5    N   |   17  8      W
+Canary, N.E. point,                      | 28 13    N   |   15 38      W
+Teneriffe, Santa Cruz,                   | 28 27    N   |   16 16      W
+Palma,                                   | 28 36    N   |   17 45      W
+St. Antonio, Cape de Verd Islands,
+     crossing the Line,                  | 17  0    N   |   25  2      W
+Rio Janeiro,                             | 22 54    S
+Patagonia, Straits of Magellan,
+Cape Julian, Staten Island,              | 54 47 30 S   |   63 58 27   W
+Cape Horn,                               | 55 59    S   |   67 21      W
+Diego Ramarez,
+Easter Island,                           | 27  7    S   |  109 42      W
+Ducie's Island,                          | 24 40 30 S   |  124 40 30   W
+Lord Hood's Island,                      | 21 31    S   |  135 32 30   W
+Carysfort Island,                        | 20 49    S   |  138 33      W
+Maitea,                                  | 17 52    S   |  148  6      W
+Otaheite, Matavy Bay,                    | 17 29    S   |  149 35      W
+Huaheine, Owharre Bay,                   | 16 44    S   |  151  3      W
+Ulitea and Otaha,                        | 16 46    S   |  151 33      W
+Bolobola,                                | 16 33    S   |  151 52      W
+Mauruah,                                 | 16 26    S   |  152 33      W
+Whytutakee,                              | 18 52    S   |  159 41      W
+Palmerston's Isles,                      | 18  0    S   |  162 57      W
+Duke of York's Island,                   |  8 33 30 S   |  172  4  3   W
+Duke of Clarence's Island,               |  9  9 30 S   |  171 30 46   W
+Chatham's Island,                        | 13 32 20 S   |  172 18 20   W
+Ohatooah,                                | 13 50    S   |  171 30  6   W
+Anamooka,                                | 20 16    S   |  174 30      W
+Toomanuah,                               | 14 15    S   |  169 43      W
+Otutuelah,                               | 14 30    S   |  170 41      W
+Howe's Island,                           | 18 32 30 S   |  173 53      W
+Bickerton's Island,                      | 18 47 40 S   |  174 48      W
+Gardner's Island,                        | 17 57    S   |  175 16 54   W
+Pylestaart,                              | 22 23    S   |  175 39      W
+Eoah or Middleburgh,                     | 21 21    S   |  174 34      W
+Tongataboo,                              | 21  9    S   |  174 41      W
+Proby's Island,                          | 15 53    S   |  175 51      W
+Wallis's Island,                         | 13 22    S   |  176 15 45   W
+Grenville Island,                        | 12 29    S   |  183  3    \ W
+                                         |              |  176 57    / E
+Pandora's Reef,                          | 12 11    S   |  188  8    \ W
+                                         |              |  171 52    / E
+Mitre Island,                            | 11 49    S   |  190  4 30 \ W
+                                         |              |  169 55 30 / E
+Cherry Island,                           | 11 37 30 S   |  190 19 30 \ W
+                                         |              |  169 55 30 / E
+Pitt's Island,                           | 11 50 30 S   |  193 14 15 \ W
+                                         |              |  166 45 45 / E
+Wells's Shoal,                           | 12 20    S   |  202  2    \ W
+                                         |              |  157 58    / E
+Cape Rodney,          \   Point of       | 10  3 32 S   |  212 14  5 \ W
+M. Clarence in shore, |                  |              |  147 45 45 / E
+Cape Hood,            /   New Guinea     |  9 58  6 S   |  212 37 10 \ W
+                                         |              |  147 22 50 / E
+Murray's Isles,                          |  9 57    S   |  216 43    \ W
+                                         |              |  143 17    / E
+Wreck Reef,                              | 11 22    S   |  216 22    \ W
+                                         |              |  143 38    / E
+Batavia,                                 |  6 10    S   |  106 51      E
+Straits of Sunda,                        |  6 36 15 S   |  105 17 30   E
+Cape of Good Hope,                       | 34 29    S   |   18 23      E
+St. Helena,                              | 15 55    S   |    5 49      W
+Ascension Island,                        |  7 56    S   |   14 32      W
+
+
+FINIS.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[165-1] This seems to be the earliest description of Yaws (_Framboesia_)
+in these islands. Originating in Africa this contagious disease is
+believed to have been disseminated by the slave trade. The Dutch or
+Portuguese traders carried it from Madagascar and East Africa to Ceylon,
+where it still bears the name of _Parangi Lede_, or Foreigners' Evil.
+Though Hamilton did not observe it in the South Sea Islands the disease
+was probably there, for Mariner, who was in Tonga in 1810, described it
+as a well-established disease under the name of _Tona_.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+A.
+
+    Aitutaki Island,
+        visit to, 10, 40 _note_, 123;
+        Bligh supposed to be there, 102
+    Ale brewed at Namuka, 73
+    Anti-scorbutics, 100
+    Apia, 50 _note_
+    _Astrolabe_,
+        Pérouse's ship, 19;
+        relics of, 68 _note_
+    Australia, Northern,
+        sighted, 76;
+        landing on, 149
+
+B.
+
+    Banks, Sir Joseph, 2, 112
+    Baring, carries letters to England, 84
+    Bark cloth, 115
+    Batavia, arrival at, 81
+    Beads found in Samoa, 56
+    Becke, Louis,
+        _The Mutineers_, 1;
+        _First Fleet Family_, 24
+    Bentham, Mr., Purser, 79, 118, 119
+    Blacks attack boats, 66, 149
+    _Blenheim_, wreck of, 3
+    Bligh, Captain, 1;
+        his character, 2;
+        boat voyage of, 2;
+        public sympathy with, 3;
+        supposed to be in Aitutaki, 102
+    Boat lost at Palmerston Island, 86, 126
+    Boat voyage
+        of Bligh, 2;
+        of Pereira, 3;
+        of Edwards, 22, 75, 147, 154
+    Bolabola visited, 39, 122
+    Bougainville,
+        warning, 20;
+        discovery of Samoa, 51, 56
+    _Bounty_,
+        fitting out, 2;
+        mutiny of, 2;
+        driver yard found, 9, 124;
+        anchor found, 34
+    _Boussole_,
+        Pérouse's ship, 19;
+        relics of, 68 _note_
+    Bread fruit,
+        plan to acclimatize, 1;
+        its uses, 112
+    Brewing ale at Namuka, 143
+    Broad, Mary, 23
+    Brown, John, 31;
+        his character, 105;
+        identifies mutineers, 105
+    Bryant, William, 23, 82
+    Bull taken by Mutineers, 36
+    Burkitt,
+        trial of, 25;
+        arrest of, 34;
+        executed, 37
+    Burn, Michael, acquitted, 37
+    Butcher, Convict, 24
+    Byron, _The Island_, 1
+    Byron, Captain, 40
+
+C.
+
+    Canoes,
+        war, 114;
+        sailing, 53
+    Capetown, description of, 170
+    Carteret visits Vanikoro, 68 _note_
+    Carysfort Island, discovered, 30, 102
+    Cattle, 118
+    Cherry's Island, sighted, 67
+    Christian, Fletcher, 2, 102, 127;
+        his plan of forming settlement, 38
+    Churchill, murder of, 30, 70, 110
+    Cloudy Bay, 69 _note_
+    Coal found in Australia, 162
+    Cockle, gigantic, 125, 146
+    Cocoa, as anti-scorbutic, 100
+    Coleman, Joseph,
+        surrenders, 30, 102;
+        works pump, 73 _note_;
+        acquitted, 37
+    Consumption, 117
+    Convict jumps overboard, 169
+    Convicts,
+        escaped, at Timor, 23, 80, 161;
+        list of, 85;
+        find coal in Australia, 162
+    Cook, portrait of, 118
+    Coral Islands, how formed, 126
+    Corner, Lieut.,
+        character of, 5;
+        blames Edwards, 22;
+        pursues mutineers, 31, 103;
+        examines sand key, 72;
+        voyage home, 83;
+        ships plants, 99;
+        eats food from native temple, 104;
+        robbed by natives, 60, 134
+    Coupang,
+        arrival at, 79, 159;
+        funeral of king, 163
+    Court martial on mutineers, 24
+    Cox, Captain, 31
+    Cox, James, escaped convict, 82
+
+D.
+
+    Dances at Tahiti, 108
+    d'Entrecasteaux,
+        voyage, 19;
+        sights Vanikoro, 68 _note_
+    de Langle, massacre of, 51 _note_, 56 _note_
+    Diet
+        for long voyages, 6;
+        in the _Pandora_, 7
+    Dillon, Peter, discovers relics of La Pérouse, 68 _note_
+    Dingoes seen, 77, 151
+    Distilling spirits, 111
+    Drums, 116
+    Ducie Island, 7, 29;
+        identical with Encarnacion, 30 _note_, 101
+    Duke of Clarence Island, 40, 128
+    _Duke of Portland_, taken by natives, 13
+    Duke of York Island, 48, 128
+    D'Urville explores Vanikoro, 68 _note_
+
+E.
+
+    East Bay, 70 _note_
+    Easter Island, sighted, 30 _note_, 101
+    Edea, Queen of Tahiti, 118
+    Edwards, Captain,
+        selected, 3;
+        orders to, 4;
+        character of, 4;
+        charged with inhumanity, 21;
+        touches at N. Australia, 22, 149;
+        recklessness in sailing at night, 142;
+        reproves mutineer for praying, 155
+    Eimeo, 121
+    Ellison,
+        trial of, 25;
+        arrest of, 33;
+        execution, 37
+    Endeavour Straits, 20
+    Eua visited, 17, 138
+
+F.
+
+    Fatafehi
+        at Tofoa, 13, 135;
+        at Namuka, 52
+    Fataka, or Mitre Island, 67 _note_
+    Female infanticide, 114
+    Fiji,
+        visited by Kau Moala, 65 _note_;
+        discovery of, 81
+    Finau, Chief of Vavau, 49 _note_; 13, 57 _note_
+    Fire-arms
+        in Tahiti, 115;
+        in Eimeo, 121
+    Flinders' Passage, 22, 77
+    Fruy, Mr., Lieut.-Governor of Timor, 79
+    Fulanga Inland, lack of water, 14
+    Futuna Island, visited by Kau Moala, 64, 65 _note_
+
+G.
+
+    Geese, left in Tahiti, 118
+    Geographical position of islands, 88, 89
+    Gordon, Colonel, 170
+    _Gorgon_, H.M.S., 23, 24, 83
+    Governor of Timor, 79, 159, 161
+
+H.
+
+    Haapai, visited, 51, 131
+    Hćva dance, 108
+    Hamilton, Dr.,
+        his character, 5;
+        account of voyage, 6, 91;
+        on health of seamen, 100
+    Hayward, Lieut.,
+        his character, 5;
+        recognizes natives of Tofoa, 13, 54 _note_;
+        pursues mutineers, 31;
+        lands at Aitutaki, 41;
+        ships plants, 99;
+        recognized at Aitutaki, 123;
+        at Tofoa, 135
+    Health of seamen, 99, 100
+    _Hector_, H.M.S., 24
+    Hervey Islands, 42
+    Heywood's
+        account of "Pandora's Box," 9;
+        trial of, 25;
+        pardoned, 37
+    Hillbrandt, Henry,
+        arrest of, 33; 74 _note_;
+        gives information, 40, 123;
+        drowned, 37
+    Hood, Cape, 19, 69 _note_
+    Hood, Lord, Island, 29, 101
+    _Hoornwey_, voyage home, 83
+    Horn Island, visited, 22, 77
+    _Horssen_, voyage of, 83, 88
+    Houses, Tahitian, 116
+    Howe, Lord, 91
+    Huahaine visited, 39, 121
+    Human sacrifices, 114
+
+I.
+
+    Indispensable Reef, 19, 69 _note_
+    Infanticide, 114
+    Innes, Mr., Surgeon's mate, 92, 157
+    Islands, list of, 88, 171
+
+
+J.
+
+    Java, arrival at, 166
+
+K.
+
+    Kao Island, 53, 60
+    Kandavu Island, why not visited, 15
+    Kau Moala, his voyage, 17, 65 _note_
+    Kava-drinking, 116
+    Kroutcheff, Captain, visited Mitre Island, 67 _note_
+
+L.
+
+    Larkin, Lieut., 5;
+        at Timor, 79
+    _Lila_ sickness, 11, 117
+    Look-out Shoal, 70 _note_
+    Louisiades, 20;
+        named by Bougainville, 69 _note_
+
+M.
+
+    Mackintosh,
+        arrest of, 33;
+        acquitted, 37;
+        works pumps, 73 _note_
+    Maikasa River, 70 _note_
+    Malt, as anti-scorbutic, 100
+    Mangaia Island, 42
+    Manua visited, 16, 136
+    Mariner, William,
+        narrative, 17;
+        account of Norton's murder, 54 _note_; 57 _note_
+    Mata-atua Harbour, 49 _note_
+    Matavai Bay, 102
+    Matuku Island,
+        visited by tender, 14, 16;
+        native traditions, 15
+    Maurelle discovers Vavau, 16
+    Maurua Island, 39, 122
+    _Megapodius_ at Niuafoou, 62
+    Mendańa visits Vanikoro, 68 _note_
+    Millward,
+        trial of, 25;
+        arrest of, 34;
+        executed, 37
+    Milk, dislike of, 118
+    Mitre Island, visited, 66
+    Moemoe ceremony, 135
+    Morrison,
+        character of, 9;
+        trial of, 25;
+        arrest of, 33;
+        his journal, 33;
+        pardoned, 37;
+        plan of escape, 37 _note_
+    Mourning
+        in Tonga, 49;
+        in Wallis Island, 64
+    Moulter, William, tries to save mutineers, 74 _note_
+    Mountainous Island, 152
+    Murray Islands, 71, 141
+    Musical Instruments, 116
+    Muspratt,
+        trial of, 25;
+        arrest of, 34;
+        executed, 37
+    Mutineers,
+        fate of, 3;
+        retire to mountains, 7;
+        their diet, 8;
+        build schooner, 9;
+        adventures at Tubuai, 35, 36;
+        take Tahitian women in _Bounty_, 38;
+        neglected at Timor, 30;
+        list of, 86, 89;
+        capture of, 105;
+        let out of irons, 144
+
+N.
+
+    Namuka,
+        a rendezvous for tender, 12;
+        visited, 17, 52, 131, 138;
+        native shot, 60;
+        cannon fired, 61;
+        thefts by natives, 62
+    Nanga Cult, 128 _note_
+    Neiafu Harbour, Vavau, 57
+    New Year's Island, sighted, 99
+    Niuafoou
+        visited, 17, 62, 138;
+        large cocoanuts, 62;
+        _Megapodius_, 62
+    Norman,
+        arrest of, 33;
+        acquitted, 37;
+        works pumps, 73 _note_
+    North-West Reef, 77
+    Norton, his murderers recognized, 13, 54 _note_
+    Nukunono Island, visit to, 10, 46 _note_
+
+O.
+
+    Oatafu Island, 40 _note_, 45
+    Odiddee (Titi) native of Bolabola, 31, 39
+    Oliver
+        commands tender, 12, 120;
+        discovers Fiji, 12, 166;
+        his log lost, 15;
+        encounters Dutch vessel, 16, 167
+    Omai, fate of, 39, 121
+    Ongea Island, lack of water, 14
+    Orangerie Bay, 69 _note_
+    Orissia, Tahitian chief, 33
+    Otaka Island, 39
+    Otoo, king of Tahiti, 31, 102, 107, 119
+    Overstratin, Governor of Java, 81, 168
+
+P.
+
+    Palmerston Island,
+        list of crew lost at, 86;
+        visited, 42, 123;
+        _Bounty's_ yard found at, 44
+    _Pandora_,
+        fitted out, 3;
+        her ill luck, 6;
+        wrecked, 21, 142;
+        state of crew, 87;
+        disease on board, 91, 94;
+        patent ventilator, 95
+    Pandora's Bank, 66
+    Pandora's box,
+        excuse for, 7, 8;
+        cruelty of, 9, 34;
+        men drowned in, 74 _note_
+    Pan-pipes, 116
+    Papara district, 31, 33
+    Parrots, 130, 137
+    Passmore, Lieut., 5;
+        at Timor, 79;
+        surveys harbour, 119;
+        explores wreck, 145
+    Pearl shell ornaments, 123
+    "Peggy" Otoo, 110
+    Pérouse, de la, of, 18, 68
+    Pitcairn Island, 1;
+        arrival at, 3;
+        why chosen by mutineers, 10
+    Plot to take _Pandora_, 7, 106
+    Point Venus, water bad, 34
+    _Port-au-Prince_, taken by natives, 13
+    Providential Channel, 20
+    Pylstaart Island sighted, 16, 138
+
+R.
+
+    Rarotonga, discovery of, 41 _note_
+    Reef Indispensable, 19
+    Religion of the Tahitians, 113
+    _Rembang_, voyage of, 24, 80, 165
+    Renouard, Midshipman,
+        his suffering, 12;
+        appointed to tender, 120
+    Rio di Janeiro,
+        arrival at, 28, 95;
+        life at, 96, 97;
+        slaves, 97;
+        probabilities of revolution, 97
+    Rodney Cape, 19, 69 _note_
+    Rotte Island, 78
+    Rotuma Island
+        discovered, 17, 56, 139;
+        incidents at, 18, 65, 139;
+        giants, 65 _note_;
+        Tongan language spoken, 66
+    Round Head, 70 _note_
+
+S.
+
+    Samarang Island, 80, 166;
+      description of, 166
+    Samoa,
+        appearance of, 66, 129;
+        return to, 136
+    Samoans
+        attack tender, 12;
+        use turmeric, 129;
+        thefts by, 130
+    Saroa district, New Guinea, 19, 70 _note_
+    Saurkraut, as diet, 100
+    Savaii, sighted, 49, 129
+    Schouten,
+        visits Futuna, 65 _note_;
+        visits Niuafoou, 62
+    Scurvy, precautions against, 7
+    Sea-snakes, 155
+    _Seringapatam_, discovers Rarotonga, 41
+    _Shark_, H.M.S., encountered, 27
+    Sickness follows island discoveries, 11
+    Sival, Midshipman,
+        at Palmerston Island, 124;
+        lost, 126
+    Skinner, Richard, 30, 102;
+        drowned, 37, 74 _note_
+    Slave trade in Timor, 161
+    South Sea Islands, their value to England, 98
+    Spices in Samoa, 130
+    Staten Island sighted, 99
+    Stewart, Midshipman, 8;
+        surrenders, 30;
+        drowned, 37, 74 _note_
+    Stewart, "Peggy," 8, 106
+    "Strangers' Cold," 11
+    Sugar, first issued to Navy, 94
+    Sumner, John,
+        arrest of, 34;
+        drowned, 37
+
+T.
+
+    Tahiti, arrival at, 29
+    Tahitians,
+        their religion, 113;
+        weapons, 115;
+        cloth, 115;
+        women, 116;
+        houses, 116
+    Tamarie, chief of Tahiti, 32, 105
+    Tattooing, 122
+    Tea and sugar, first used in Navy, 94
+    Temple, native, food taken from, 104
+    Teneriffe,
+        arrival at, 27, 92;
+        inhabitants of, 93
+    Tender
+        built by mutineers, 37;
+        commissioned, 9, 38, 120;
+        attacked by Samoans, 12, 166;
+        sale of, 16;
+        joins company, 80;
+        her adventures, 81, 166;
+        parts company, 51, 131;
+        her after-history, 33 _note_
+    Theft, punishment for, 111
+    Thompson, Matthew, killed, 30, 37, 110
+    Timor Island,
+        arrival at, 22, 78, 155;
+        governor of, 79;
+        description of, 160, 164;
+        yaws observed at, 164, 165 _note_
+    _Tofoa_,
+        visit of tender to, 13;
+        _Pandora_ visits, 132, 135, 160
+    Tongans
+        misnamed Friendly Islanders, 132;
+        remember Tasman, 133;
+        their women, 133;
+        mercenary character of, 134
+    _Tongatabu_
+        visited, 17;
+        seeds left, 133
+    Torres Straits, 20
+    Tree Island, 77, 150
+    Tubai, 122
+    Tubuai, 34, 53
+    Tubou of Tonga, 135
+    Tucopia, discovery of La Pérouse's relics, 68 _note_
+    Tukuaho, temporal king of Tonga, 52 _note_
+    Turmeric, used by Samoans, 50 129
+    _Tutuila_ visited, 16, 51, 55, 129, 136
+
+U.
+
+    Ulietea Island, 39
+    Ulukalala, Finau, letter left with, 52
+    Union Group, visit to, 11, 40
+    Upolu visited, 16, 50, 129
+
+V.
+
+    Vanikoro sighted, 18, 68 _note_
+    Vanion, Mynheer, Governor of Timor, 159, 161
+    Vatoa, discovered by Cook, 14
+    Vavau visited, 16, 55, 57, 136
+    Victoria, Mount, 20
+    Victualling of Navy, 94, 100
+    Volcanic disturbance in Vavau, 59
+    _Vreedemberg_, voyage of, 24, 81, 83, 88
+
+W.
+
+    Wallis Island visited, 17, 63 _note_
+    Wanjon, Governor of Timor, 79
+    War canoes, 114
+    Weapons of Tahitians, 115
+    Williams, Rev. John, 41 _note_
+    Whales, sperm, 99
+    Wheat, as anti-scorbutic, 100
+    White's patent ventilator, 95
+    Women, status of, 116
+    Wreck of _Pandora_, 21, 72;
+        casualties at, 73 _note_; 142
+
+Y.
+
+    Yaws, 165 _note_
+
+Z.
+
+    Zimers, Surgeon-General, of Timor, 79
+    _Zwan_, voyage home, 83
+
+
+GLASGOW: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes
+
+1. This text contains inconsistencies in spelling, accented characters and
+hyphenated words. They have been left as printed unless otherwise marked.
+
+2. On page 142, a word, 'wastward' appears as printed as either 'eastward'
+or 'westward' could be correct.
+
+3. Obvious punctuation errors have been repaired.
+
+4. Noted corrections:
+Page 13, "Tofua" changed to "Tofoa"
+Page 50, "one one" changed to "one"
+Page 51, "Annanooka" changed to "Annamooka"
+Page 63, "Boscawen's" changed to "Boscowen's"
+Page 72, "threequarters" changed to "three quarters"
+Page 79, "Surgeon General" changed to "Surgeon-General"
+Page 89, "Astrotabe" changed to "Astrolabe"
+Page 97, "Bouganvile" changed to "Bougainville"
+Page 102, "Otaheety" changed to "Otaheitee"
+Page 103, "Alredy" changed to "Aeredy"
+Page 107, "unweildy" changed to "unwieldy"
+Page 131, "Falafagee" changed to "Fallafagee"
+Page 153, "untensils" changed to "utensils"
+Page 159, "and and" changed to "and"
+Page 175, "Macintosh" changed to "Mackintosh",
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora, by 
+Edward Edwards and George Hamilton
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VOYAGE OF H.M.S. PANDORA ***
+
+***** This file should be named 22834-8.txt or 22834-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/8/3/22834/
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the booksmiths at
+http://www.eBookForge.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/22834-8.zip b/22834-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a42bee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-8.zip
diff --git a/22834-h.zip b/22834-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af54581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h.zip
diff --git a/22834-h/22834-h.htm b/22834-h/22834-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a6f471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/22834-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,7794 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Voyage Of H.M.S. 'Pandora', by Edward Edwards and George Hamilton.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+/*<![CDATA[  XML blockout */
+<!--
+    p {  margin-top: .75em;
+         text-align: justify;
+         margin-bottom: .75em;
+         }
+    h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
+         text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+         clear: both;
+         }
+
+    hr                   {text-align: center; width: 50%;}
+    html>body hr         {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;}
+    hr.full              {width: 100%;}
+    html>body hr.full    {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;}
+    hr.short             {text-align: center; width: 20%;}
+    html>body hr.short   {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;}
+    table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}
+
+    body{margin-left: 10%;
+         margin-right: 10%;
+	 }
+
+   /* kludge to get around brain dead IE not understanding CSS */
+    div.centered {text-align: center;}
+    div.centered table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;}
+    img {border: none;}
+    .ctr {text-align: center;}
+    .linenum  {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */
+    .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;}
+    .pagenum  { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */
+            /*  visibility: hidden;  */
+                position: absolute;
+                left: 92%;
+                font-size: smaller;
+                text-align: right;
+              } /* page numbers */
+    .sidenote {width: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em;
+               padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; margin-left: 1em;
+               float: right; clear: right; margin-top: 1em;
+               font-size: smaller; background: #eeeeee; border: dashed 1px;}
+
+    .bb       {border-bottom: solid 2px;}
+    .bl       {border-left: solid 2px;}
+    .bt       {border-top: solid 2px;}
+    .br       {border-right: solid 2px;}
+    .bbox     {border: solid 2px;}
+
+    .center   {text-align: center;}
+    .right   {text-align: right; margin-right: 5em;}
+    .smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+
+    .caption  {font-weight: bold;}
+
+    .figcenter   {margin: auto; text-align: center;}
+
+    .figleft     {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top:
+                 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;}
+
+    .figright    {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;
+                 margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;}
+
+    .footnotes        {border: dashed 1px;}
+    .footnote         {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;}
+    .footnote .label  {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;}
+    .fnanchor         {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;}
+
+    .poem             {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;}
+    .poem br          {display: none;}
+    .poem .stanza     {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+    .poem span        {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    .poem span.ihalf     {display: block; margin-left: .5em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    .poem span.i2     {display: block; margin-left: 2em;}
+    .poem span.i2half  {display: block; margin-left: 2.5em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    .poem span.i4     {display: block; margin-left: 4em;}
+    ins.grk {border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: thin; text-decoration: none;}
+    ins.err {border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: thin; text-decoration: none;}
+    .tnote      {border: dashed 1px; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em;
+                  padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em;}
+    ul.plain {list-style: none;}
+    // -->
+    /* XML end  ]]>*/
+    </style>
+  </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora, by 
+Edward Edwards and George Hamilton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora
+       Despatched to Arrest the Mutineers of the 'Bounty' in the
+              South Seas, 1790-1791
+
+Author: Edward Edwards
+        George Hamilton
+
+Commentator: Basil Thomson
+
+Release Date: October 2, 2007 [EBook #22834]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VOYAGE OF H.M.S. PANDORA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the booksmiths at
+http://www.eBookForge.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i"></a>[<a href="./images/i.png">i</a>]</span></p>
+<h1>VOYAGE OF H.M.S. 'PANDORA'</h1>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii"></a>[<a href="./images/ii.png">ii</a>]</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii"></a>[<a href="./images/iii.png">iii</a>]</span></p>
+
+<h2>VOYAGE OF</h2>
+
+<h1>H.M.S. 'PANDORA'</h1>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>DESPATCHED TO ARREST THE MUTINEERS OF<br />
+THE 'BOUNTY' IN THE SOUTH SEAS, 1790-91</h3>
+
+<h4>BEING THE NARRATIVES OF</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2><span class="smcap">Captain</span> EDWARD EDWARDS, R.N.</h2>
+
+<h4>THE COMMANDER</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>AND</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>GEORGE HAMILTON</h2>
+
+<h4>THE SURGEON</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY</h4>
+
+<h3>BASIL THOMSON</h3>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>LONDON</h4>
+<h3>FRANCIS EDWARDS</h3>
+<h4>83 HIGH STREET, MARYLEBONE</h4>
+<h4>1915</h4>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv"></a>[<a href="./images/iv.png">iv</a>]</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v"></a>[<a href="./images/v.png">v</a>]</span></p>
+
+
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+<div class='centered'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Table of Contents">
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'><span class="smcap">page</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#INTRODUCTION"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#CAPTAIN_EDWARDS_REPORTS"><span class="smcap">Captain Edwards' Reports</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_VOYAGE_ROUND_THE_WORLD91-1"><span class="smcap">A Voyage Round the World</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<a href="#CHAP_II"><span class="smcap">Voyage from Otaheite to Anamooka</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<a href="#CHAP_III"><span class="smcap">Voyage from Anamooka, with an Account of the Loss of the <i>Pandora</i></span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_136">136</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<a href="#CHAP_IV"><span class="smcap">Voyage from the Wreck to the Island of Timor</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_147">147</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<a href="#CHAP_V"><span class="smcap">Occurrences at Coupang; Voyage to Batavia, Etc.; Arrival in England</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_160">160</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#INDEX"><span class="smcap">Index</span></a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_173">173</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#MAP"><span class="smcap">Map of the Pacific Ocean, showing the course followed by H.M.S. <i>Pandora</i> in 1791</span></a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi"></a>[<a href="./images/vi.png">vi</a>]</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1"></a>[<a href="./images/1.png">1</a>]</span></p>
+<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION</h2>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">None</span> of the minor incidents in our naval history has
+inspired so many writers as the Mutiny of the <i>Bounty</i>.
+Histories, biographies and romances, from Bligh's narrative
+in 1790 to Mr. Becke's "Mutineers" in 1898, have been
+founded upon it; Byron took it for the theme of the
+least happy of his dramatic poems; and all these, not
+because the mutiny left any mark upon history, but
+because it ranks first among the stories of the sea, instinct
+with the living elements of romance, of primal passion
+and of tragedy&mdash;all moving to a happy ending in the
+Arcadia of Pitcairn Island. And yet, while every incident
+in the moving story, even to the evidence in the
+famous court-martial, has been discussed over and over
+again, there has been lying in the Record Office for more
+than a century an autograph manuscript, written by one
+of the principal actors in the drama, which no one has
+thought it worth while to print.</p>
+
+<p>Though the story of the mutiny is too well known to
+need repeating in detail, it is necessary to set forth as
+briefly as possible its relation to the history of maritime
+discovery in the Pacific. In the year 1787, ten years
+after the death of Captain Cook in Hawaii, a number of
+West India merchants in London, stirred by the glowing
+reports of the natural wealth of the South Sea Islands
+brought home by Dampier and Cook, petitioned the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2"></a>[<a href="./images/2.png">2</a>]</span>government to acclimatize the bread-fruit in Jamaica.
+A ship of 215 tons was purchased into the service and
+fitted out under the direct superintendence of Sir Joseph
+Banks, who named her the <i>Bounty</i>, and recommended
+William Bligh, one of Cook's officers, for the command. It
+was a new departure. The object of most of the earlier
+government expeditions to the South Seas had been the
+advancement of geographical science and natural history;
+the voyage of the <i>Bounty</i> was to turn former discoveries
+to the profit of the empire.</p>
+
+<p>Bligh was singularly ill-fitted for the command. While
+he had undoubted ability, his whole career shows him to
+have been wanting in the tact and temper without which
+no one can successfully lead men; and in this venture
+his own defects were aggravated by the inefficiency of his
+officers. He took in his cargo of bread-fruit trees at
+Tahiti, and there was no active insubordination until
+he reached Tonga on the homeward voyage. At sunrise
+on April 28th, 1789, the crew mutinied under the leadership
+of Fletcher Christian, the Master's Mate, whom
+Bligh's ungoverned temper had provoked beyond endurance.
+The seamen had other motives. Bligh had kept
+them far too long at Tahiti, and during the five months
+they had spent at the island, every man had formed a
+connection among the native women, and had enjoyed
+a kind of life that contrasted sharply with the lot of
+bluejackets a century ago. Forcing Bligh, and such of
+their shipmates as were loyal to him, into the launch,
+and casting them adrift with food and water barely
+sufficient for a week's subsistence, they set the ship's
+course eastward, crying "Huzza for Tahiti!" There
+followed an open boat voyage that is unexampled in
+maritime history. The boat was only 23 feet long; the
+weight of eighteen men sank her almost to the gunwale;
+the ocean before them was unknown, and teeming with
+hidden dangers; their only arms against hostile natives<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3"></a>[<a href="./images/3.png">3</a>]</span>
+were a few cutlasses, their only food two ounces of biscuit
+each a day; and yet they ran 3618 nautical miles in
+forty-one days, and reached Timor with the loss of only
+one man, and he was killed by the natives at the very
+outset.</p>
+
+<p>The mutineers fared as mutineers have always fared.
+Having sailed the ship to Tahiti, they fell out among
+themselves, half taking the <i>Bounty</i> to the uninhabited
+island of Pitcairn, where they were discovered
+twenty-seven years later, and half remaining at Tahiti.
+Of these two were murdered, four were drowned in the
+wreck of the <i>Pandora</i>, three were hanged in England,
+and six were pardoned, one living to become a post-captain
+in the navy, another to be gunner on the <i>Blenheim</i>
+when she foundered with Sir Thomas Troubridge.</p>
+
+<p>One boat voyage only is recorded as being longer than
+Bligh's. In 1536 Diego Botelho Pereira made the passage
+from Portuguese India to Lisbon in a native <i>fusta</i>, or
+lateen rigged boat, but a little larger than Bligh's. He
+had, however, covered her with a deck, and provisioned
+her for the venture, and he was able to replenish his
+stock at various points on the voyage.</p>
+
+<p>In 1790 the publication of Bligh's account of his
+sufferings excited the strongest public sympathy, and the
+Admiralty lost no time in fitting out an expedition to
+search for the mutineers, and bring them home to punishment.
+The <i>Pandora</i>, frigate, of 24 guns, was commissioned
+for the purpose, and manned by 160 men,
+composed largely of landsmen, for every trained seaman
+in the navy had gone to man the great fleet then assembling
+at Portsmouth under Lord Howe. Captain Edward
+Edwards, the officer chosen for the command, had a high
+reputation as a seaman and a disciplinarian, and from
+the point of view of the Admiralty, who intended the cruise
+simply as a police mission without any scientific object,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a>[<a href="./images/4.png">4</a>]</span>
+no better choice could have been made. Their orders to
+him were to proceed to Tahiti, and, not finding the
+mutineers there, to visit the different groups of the
+Society and Friendly Islands, and the others in the
+neighbouring parts of the Pacific, using his best endeavours
+to seize and bring home in confinement the
+whole, or such part of the delinquents as he might be
+able to discover. "You are," the orders ran, "to keep
+the mutineers as closely confined as may preclude all
+possibility of their escaping, having, however, proper
+regard to the preservation of their lives, that they may
+be brought home to undergo the punishment due to their
+demerits." Edwards belonged to that useful class of
+public servant that lives upon instructions. With a
+roving commission in an ocean studded with undiscovered
+islands the possibilities of scientific discovery were
+immense, but he faced them like a blinkered horse that
+has his eyes fixed on the narrow track before him, and
+all the pleasant byways of the road shut out. A cold,
+hard man, devoid of sympathy and imagination, of every
+interest beyond the straitened limits of his profession,
+Edwards in the eye of posterity was almost the worst
+man that could have been chosen. For, with a different
+commander, the voyage would have been one of the most
+important in the history of South Sea discovery, and the
+account he has written of it compares in style and colour
+with a log-book.</p>
+
+<p>In Edwards' place a more genial man, a Catoira, a
+Wallis, or a Cook, would have written a journal of discovery
+that might have taken a place in the front rank
+of the literature of travel. He would have investigated
+the murder of La P&eacute;rouse's boat's crew in Tutuila on the
+spot; he would have rescued the survivors of that ill-fated
+expedition whose smoke-signals he saw on Vanikoro;
+he would have brought home news of the great Fiji group<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5"></a>[<a href="./images/5.png">5</a>]</span>
+through which Bligh passed in the <i>Bounty's</i> launch; he
+might even have discovered Fletcher Christian's colony of
+mutineers in Pitcairn. But, on the other hand, humanity
+to his prisoners might have furnished them with the means
+of escape, and his ardour for discovery might have led
+him into dangers from which no one would have survived
+to tell the tale. Edwards had the qualities of his defects.
+If he treated his prisoners harshly, he prevented them from
+contaminating his crew, and brought the majority of them
+home alive through all the perils of shipwreck and famine.
+In all the attacks that have been made upon him there is
+not a word against his character as a plain, straight-forward
+officer, who could lick a crew of landsmen into
+shape, and keep them loyal to him through the stress of
+shipwreck and privation. If he was callous to the sufferings
+of his prisoners, he was at least as indifferent to his
+own. If he felt no sympathy with others, he asked for
+none with himself. If he won no love, he compelled
+respect.</p>
+
+<p>Of his officers little need be said. Corner, the first
+lieutenant, was a stout seaman, who bottled up his disapproval
+of his captain's behaviour until the commission
+was out. Hayward, the second lieutenant, was a time-server.
+He had been a midshipman on the <i>Bounty</i> at the
+time of the mutiny, and an intimate friend of young Peter
+Heywood who was constrained to cast in his lot with the
+mutineers, yet, when Heywood gave himself up on the
+arrival of the <i>Pandora</i> at Tahiti, his old comrade, now
+risen in the world, received him with a haughty stare.
+Of Larkin, Passmore, and the rest, we know nothing.</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately for us, the <i>Pandora</i> carried a certain rollicking,
+irresponsible person as surgeon. George Hamilton
+has been called "a coarse, vulgar, and illiterate man, more
+disposed to relate licentious scenes and adventures, in
+which he and his companions were engaged, than to give<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6"></a>[<a href="./images/6.png">6</a>]</span>
+any information of proceedings and occurrences connected
+with the main object of the voyage." From this puritanical
+criticism most readers will dissent. Hamilton was
+bred in Northumberland, and was at this time past forty.
+His portrait, the frontispiece to his book, represents him
+in the laced coat and powdered wig of the period, a man
+of middle age, with clever, well-cut features, and a large,
+humorous, and rather sensual mouth. His book, with all
+its faults of scandalous plain speech, is one that few naval
+surgeons of that day could have written. The style,
+though flippant, is remarkable for a cynical but always
+good-natured humour, and on the rare occasions when he
+thought it professionally incumbent on him to be serious,
+as in his discussion of the best dietary for long voyages,
+and the physical effects of privations, his remarks display
+observation and good sense. It must be admitted, I fear,
+that he relates certain of his own and his shipmates'
+adventures ashore with shameless gusto, but he wrote in
+an age that loved plain speech, and that did not care to
+veil its appetite for licence. Like Edwards, he tells us
+little of the prisoners after they were consigned to "Pandora's
+Box." His narrative is valuable as a commentary
+on Edwards' somewhat meagre report, and for the sidelights
+which it throws upon the manners of naval officers
+of those days. Even Edwards, to whom he is always
+loyal, does not escape his little shaft of satire when he
+relates how the stern captain was driven to conduct
+prayers in the most desperate portion of the boat voyage.
+His book, published at Berwick in 1793, has now become
+so rare that Mr. Quaritch lately advertised for it three
+times without success, and therefore no excuse is needed
+for reprinting it.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Pandora</i> was dogged by ill luck from the first. An
+epidemic fever raging in England at the time of her
+departure, was introduced on board, it was thought, by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7"></a>[<a href="./images/7.png">7</a>]</span>
+infected clothing. The sick bay, and indeed, the officers'
+cabins, too, were crammed with stores intended for the
+return voyage of the <i>Bounty</i>, and there was no accommodation
+for the sick. Hamilton attributes their recovery
+to the use of tea and sugar, then carried for the first time
+in a ship of war. He gives some interesting information
+regarding the precautions taken against scurvy. They had
+essence of malt and hops for brewing beer, a mill for grinding
+wheat, the meal being eaten with brown sugar, and as
+much saurkraut as the crew chose to eat.</p>
+
+<p>The first land sighted after rounding Cape Horn, was
+Ducie's island; probably the same island which, as the
+Encarnacion of Quiros, has dodged about the charts of
+the old geographers, swelling into a continent, contracting
+into an atoll, and finally coming to rest in the
+neighbourhood of the Solomon Islands before vanishing
+for ever. The <i>Pandora</i> was now in the latitude of Pitcairn,
+which lay down wind only three hundred miles distant.
+If she had but kept a westerly course, she must
+have sighted it, for the island's peak is visible for many
+leagues, but relentless ill fortune turned her northward,
+and during the ensuing day she passed the men she was
+in search of scarce thirty leagues away. One glimmer of
+good fortune awaited Edwards in Tahiti. The schooner
+built by the mutineers was ready for sea, but not provisioned
+for a voyage. She put to sea, and outsailed the
+<i>Pandora's</i> boat that went in chase of her, but her crew,
+dreading the inevitable starvation that faced them, put
+back during the night and took to the mountains, where
+they were all captured.</p>
+
+<p>In the matter of "Pandora's Box," there were excuses
+for Edwards, who was bitterly attacked afterwards for his
+inhumanity. One of the chiefs had warned him that there
+was a plot between the natives and the mutineers to cut
+the cable of the <i>Pandora</i> in the night. Most of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8"></a>[<a href="./images/8.png">8</a>]</span>
+mutineers were connected through their women with
+influential chiefs, and nothing was more likely than that
+such a rescue should be attempted. His own crew, moreover,
+were human. They could see for themselves the
+charms of a life in Tahiti; they could hear from the
+prisoners the consideration in which Englishmen were held
+in this delightful land. What had been possible in the
+<i>Bounty</i> was possible in the <i>Pandora</i>. Edwards regarded his
+prisoners as pirates, desperate with the weight of the rope
+about their necks. His orders were definite&mdash;to consider
+nothing but the preservation of their lives&mdash;and he did
+his duty in his own way according to his lights. And that
+he was not insensible to every feeling of humanity is
+shown by the fact that he allowed the native wives of the
+mutineers daily access to their husbands while the ship
+lay there. The infinitely pathetic story of poor "Peggy,"
+the beautiful Tahitian girl who had borne a child to midshipman
+Stewart, was vouched for six years later by the
+missionaries of the "Duff." She had to be separated
+from her husband by force, and it was at his request that
+she was not again admitted to the ship. Poor girl! it
+was all her life to her. A month before her boy-husband
+perished in the wreck of the <i>Pandora</i>, she had died of a
+broken heart, leaving her baby, the first half-caste born
+in Tahiti, to be brought up by the missionaries.</p>
+
+<p>"Pandora's Box" certainly needed some excuse. A
+round house, eleven feet long, accessible only through a
+scuttle in the roof, was built upon the quarter deck as a
+prison for the fourteen mutineers, who were ironed and
+handcuffed. Hamilton says that the roundhouse was
+built partly out of consideration for the prisoners themselves,
+in order to spare them the horrors of prolonged
+imprisonment below in the tropics, and that although the
+service regulations restricted prisoners to two-thirds allowance,
+Edwards rationed them exactly like the ship's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9"></a>[<a href="./images/9.png">9</a>]</span>
+company. Morrison, however, who seems to have
+belonged to that objectionable class of seamen&mdash;the
+sea-lawyer&mdash;having kept a journal of grievances against
+Bligh when on the <i>Bounty</i>, and preserved it even in
+"Pandora's Box," gives a very different account, and
+Peter Heywood, a far more trustworthy witness, declared
+in a letter to his mother, that they were kept "with both
+hands and both legs in irons, and were obliged to eat,
+drink, sleep, and obey the calls of nature, without ever
+being allowed to get out of this den."</p>
+
+<p>Edwards now provisioned the mutineers' little schooner,
+and put on board of her a prize crew of two petty officers
+and seven men to navigate her as his tender. For the
+first few weeks, while the scent was keen, he maintained
+a very active search for the <i>Bounty</i>. He had three clues:
+first, the mention of Aitutaki in a story the mutineers had
+told the natives to account for their reappearance;
+second, a report made to him by Hillbrant, one of his
+prisoners, that Christian, on the night before he left
+Tahiti, had declared his intention of settling on Duke of
+York's Island; and third, the discovery on Palmerston
+Island of the <i>Bounty's</i> driver yard, much worm-eaten from
+long immersion. It must be confessed that hopes founded
+on these clues did little credit to Edwards' intelligence.
+Aitutaki, having been discovered by Bligh, was the last
+place Christian would have chosen: he might have
+guessed that a man of Christian's intelligence would
+intentionally have given a false account of his projects
+to the mutineers he left behind, knowing that even if all
+who were set adrift in the boat had perished, the story of
+the mutiny would be learned by the first ship that visited
+Tahiti; a worm-eaten spar lying on the tide-mark, at an
+island situated directly down-wind from the Society
+Islands, so far from proving that the <i>Bounty</i> had been
+there, indicated the exact contrary. But it is to be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10"></a>[<a href="./images/10.png">10</a>]</span>
+remembered that at this time the islands known to exist
+in the Pacific could almost be counted on the fingers, and
+that Edwards could not have hoped, within the limits of
+a single cruise, to examine even the half of those that
+were marked in his chart. Had he suspected the existence
+of the vast number of islands around him, he would at
+once have realised the hopelessness of attempting to discover
+the hiding-place of an able navigator bent on concealment.
+Whether, as has been suggested by one writer,<a name="FNanchor_10-1" id="FNanchor_10-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_10-1" class="fnanchor">[10-1]</a>
+Christian was piloted to Pitcairn by his Tahitian companions,
+of whom some were descended from the old
+native inhabitants, or had read of it in Carteret's voyage
+in 1767, or had chanced upon it by accident, he could have
+followed no wiser course than to steer eastward, and upwind,
+for any vessel despatched to arrest him would
+perforce go first to Tahiti for information, when it would
+be too late to beat to the eastward without immense loss
+of time.</p>
+
+<p>From Aitutaki Edwards bore north-west to investigate
+the second clue, and in the Union Group he made his first
+important discovery of new land&mdash;Nukunono, inhabited
+by a branch of the Micronesian race, crossed with Polynesian
+blood. From thence he ran southward to Samoa,
+where he came upon traces of the massacre of La P&eacute;rouse's
+second in command, M. de Langle, in the shape of accoutrements
+cut from the uniforms of the French officers.
+Consistent with his usual concentration upon the object
+of his voyage, he does not seem to have cared to make
+enquiries about them.</p>
+
+<p>At this stage in the voyage there occurred an accident
+which, from our point of view, must be regarded as the
+most fortunate incident of the voyage. The tender, very
+imperfectly victualled, parted company in a thick shower
+of rain. At this date Fiji, the most important group in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11"></a>[<a href="./images/11.png">11</a>]</span>
+the South Pacific, was practically unknown. Tasman had
+sighted its north-eastern extremity: Cook had discovered
+Vatoa, an outlying island in the far southward, and had
+heard of it from the Tongans in his second voyage when he
+had not time to look for it; Bligh had passed through the
+heart of it in his boat voyage, and had even been chased
+by two canoes from Round Island, Yasawa; but no European
+had landed or held any intercourse with the natives.
+It is not easy to understand how islands of such magnitude
+as Fiji should have remained undiscovered so long after
+every other important group in the Pacific had found its
+place in the charts of the Pacific. They were known by
+repute; Hamilton writes of "the savage and cannibal
+Feegees"; they lay but two days' sail down-wind from
+Tonga. Three years before the <i>Pandora's</i> cruise the Pacific
+had been thrown open to the sperm whale fishery, which
+has had so large a part in South Sea discovery, by the
+cruise of the English ship <i>Amelia</i>, fitted out by Enderby;
+and yet neither ship of war nor whaler had chanced upon
+them. But for a meagre passage in Edwards' journal, and
+a traditionary poem in the Fijian language, we should not
+know to whom belongs the honour of first visiting them.
+The native tradition sets forth that with the first visit of
+a European ship a devastating sickness, called the Great
+Lila, or "Wasting Sickness," attacked the people of one
+of the Eastern Islands (of the Lau group), and, spreading
+from island to island, swept away vast numbers of the
+people. There are, it may be remarked, innumerable
+instances in history of the contact between continental and
+island peoples, both of them healthy at the time of contact,
+producing fatal epidemics among the islanders. Even
+among our own Hebrides the natives are said to look for
+an outbreak of "Strangers' Cold" after every visit of a
+ship. The Fijian tradition certainly dates from a few
+years before the beginning of the last century.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12"></a>[<a href="./images/12.png">12</a>]</span>
+The real discoverers of Fiji seem to have been Oliver,
+master's mate; Renouard, midshipman; James Dodds,
+quartermaster, and six seamen of the <i>Pandora</i>, who formed
+the crew of Edwards' tender; and surely no ship that ever
+ventured among those dangerous islands was so ill furnished
+for repelling attack. Edwards had sent provisions and ammunition
+on board of her when off Palmerston Island, but
+by this time they were exhausted, and a fresh supply was
+actually on the <i>Pandora's</i> deck when she parted company.
+Her provision for the long and dangerous voyage before
+her was a bag of salt, a bag of nails and ironware, a
+boarding netting, and several seven-barrelled pieces and
+blunderbusses. She had besides the latitude and longitude
+of the places the <i>Pandora</i> would touch at.</p>
+
+<p>The following account of their cruise is drawn from the
+remarks of Edwards and Hamilton on finding the tender
+safe in Samarang, for I have searched the Record Office
+in vain for Oliver's log. If he kept any, it was not thought
+worth preserving. On the night the tender parted company,
+the 22nd June, 1791, the natives of the south-east
+end of Upolu made a determined attack upon the little
+vessel with their canoes. The seven-barrelled pieces made
+terrible havoc among them, but, never having seen fire-arms,
+and not understanding the connection between the
+fall of their comrades and the report, they kept up the
+attack with great fury. But for the boarding netting they
+would easily have taken the schooner, and indeed, one
+fellow succeeded in springing over it, and would have felled
+Oliver with his club had he not been shot dead at the
+moment of striking. On the 23rd they cruised about in
+search of the <i>Pandora</i> until the afternoon when, having
+drunk their last drop of water, they gave her up, and made
+sail for Namuka, the appointed rendezvous. The torture
+they suffered from thirst on the passage was such that
+poor Renouard, the midshipman, became delirious, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13"></a>[<a href="./images/13.png">13</a>]</span>
+continued so for many weeks. Their leeway and the
+easterly current combined to set them to the westward
+of Namuka, and the first land they made was <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Tofua'">Tofoa</ins>,
+which they mistook for Namuka, their rendezvous. The
+natives, the same that had attacked Bligh so treacherously
+two years before, sold them provisions and water, and
+then made an attempt to take the vessel, and would have
+succeeded but for the fire-arms. On the very day of the
+attack the <i>Pandora</i> dropped anchor at Namuka, within
+sight of Tofoa, and not finding her tender, bore down upon
+that island. Had Oliver been able to wait there for her,
+his troubles would have been at an end. But he dared
+not take the risk, and when Edwards sent a boat ashore
+to make enquiries the little schooner had sailed. The
+reception accorded to Edwards at Tofoa is very characteristic
+of the Tongans. Lieutenant Hayward, who had
+been present at the attack made upon Bligh, recognised
+several of the murderers of Norton among the people who
+crowded on board to do homage to the great chief, Fatafehi,
+who had taken passage in the frigate, but Edwards
+dared not punish them for fear that his tender should
+fall among them after he had left. Had he but known
+that these men had come red-handed from a treacherous
+attack upon the tender; that Fatafehi, who so loudly
+condemned their treachery to Bligh, and assured him
+that nothing had been seen of the little vessel, had just
+heard of the abortive attack they had made upon her, he
+would have taught them a lesson that would have lasted
+the Tongans many years, and might have saved the lives
+of the Europeans who perished in the taking of the
+<i>Port-au-Prince</i> and the <i>Duke of Portland</i>. For these
+"Norsemen of the Pacific," whom Cook, knowing nothing
+of the treachery they had planned against him under the
+guise of hospitality, misnamed the "Friendly Islanders,"
+were, in reality, a nation of wreckers.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14"></a>[<a href="./images/14.png">14</a>]</span>
+Leaving Tofoa about July 1st, the schooner ran westward
+for two days "nearly in its latitude," and fell in
+with an island which Edwards supposed to be one of the
+Fiji group. The island of the Fiji group that lies most
+nearly in the latitude of Tofoa is Vatoa, discovered by
+Cook, but there are strong reasons for seeking Oliver's
+discoveries elsewhere. Vatoa lies only 170 miles from
+Tofoa, and, therefore, if Oliver took two days in reaching
+it, he cannot have been running at more than three knots
+an hour. But, early in July, the south-east trade wind
+is at its strongest, and with a fair wind a fast sailer, as
+we know the schooner to have been, cannot have been
+travelling at a slower rate than six knots. We are further
+told that Oliver waited five weeks at the island, and
+took in provisions and water. Now, in July, which is
+the middle of the dry season, no water is to be found on
+Vatoa except a little muddy and fetid liquid at the bottom
+of shallow wells which the natives, who rely upon coconuts
+for drinking water, only use for cooking. Provisions
+also are very scarce there at all times. The same objections
+apply to Ongea and Fulanga which lie fifty miles
+north of Vatoa, in the same longitude, though they
+certainly possess harbours in which a vessel could lie
+for five weeks, which Vatoa does not. If, however, the
+schooner ran at the rate of six knots, as may safely be
+assumed, all difficulties, except that of latitude, vanish
+together, for at the distance of 290 nautical miles from
+Tofoa lies Matuku, which with much justification has been
+described by Wilkes as the most beautiful of all the islands
+in the Pacific. There the natives live in perpetual plenty
+among perennial streams, and could victual the largest
+ship without feeling any diminution of their stock. In
+the harbour three frigates could lie in perfect safety, and
+the people have earned a reputation for honesty and
+hospitality to passing ships which belongs to the inhabi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15"></a>[<a href="./images/15.png">15</a>]</span>tants
+of none of the large islands. There is another
+alternative&mdash;Kandavu&mdash;but to reach that island, the
+schooner must have run at an average of eleven knots,
+and the number and cupidity of the natives would have
+made a stay of five weeks impossible to a vessel so poorly
+manned and armed.</p>
+
+<p>All these considerations point to the fact that Oliver lay
+for five weeks at Matuku, which lies but fifty miles north
+of the latitude of Tofoa. He was, therefore, the first
+European who had intercourse with the Fijians. Their
+traditions have never been collected, and if one be found
+recording the insignificant details so dear to the native
+poet, such as the boarding netting, or the sickness of
+Midshipman Renouard, or better still, the outbreak of the
+Great Lila Sickness, the inference may be taken as
+proved.</p>
+
+<p>Any other navigator than Edwards would have given
+us details of Oliver's wonderful voyage, or, at least, would
+have preserved his log, but the voyage from Fiji to the
+Great Barrier reef is a blank. Hamilton, indeed, alludes
+vaguely to the crew having had to be on their guard "at
+other islands that were inhabited," and since their course
+from Fiji to Endeavour Straits would have carried them
+through the heart of the New Hebrides, and close to
+Malicolo, we may assume that they called at Api, at
+Ambrym or at Malicolo to replenish their stock of water.
+They reached the Great Barrier reef in the greatest distress,
+and having run "from shore to shore," <i>i.e.</i> from
+New Guinea to within sight of the coast of Queensland
+without finding an opening, and having to choose between
+the alternatives of shipwreck or of death by famine, they
+went boldly at it, and beat over the reef. Even then they
+would have starved but for their providential encounter
+with a small Dutch vessel cruising a little to the westward
+of Endeavour Straits, which supplied them with water<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16"></a>[<a href="./images/16.png">16</a>]</span>
+and provisions. The governor of the first Dutch settlement
+they touched at, having a description of the mutineers
+from the British Government, and observing that
+their schooner was built of foreign timber, refused to
+believe their account of themselves, especially as Oliver,
+being a petty officer, could produce no commission or
+warrant in support of his statement, and imprisoned them
+all, without, however, treating them with harshness. On
+the first opportunity he sent them to Samarang, where
+Edwards had them released. The plucky little schooner
+was sold, to begin another career of usefulness as set
+forth in the footnote to <a href="#Footnote_33-1">p. 33</a>, and her purchase money
+was divided among the <i>Pandora's</i> crew.</p>
+
+<p>Thus ended one of the most eventful voyages in the
+history of South Sea discovery, dismissed by Edwards
+in a few lines; by Hamilton in two pages. The search
+made among the naval archives at the Record Office
+leaves but little hope that any log-book or journal has
+been preserved.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile, Edwards, disappointed in his search for the
+tender at Namuka and Tofoa, and prevented by a head
+wind from examining Tongatabu, set his course again for
+Samoa, and passed within sight of Vavau by the way.
+Making the easterly extremity of the group, he visited in
+turn Manua, Tutuila, and Upolu, but, like Bougainville, did
+not sight Savaii, which lay a little to the northward of
+his course. It is not surprising that the natives of Upolu
+denied all knowledge of the tender, seeing that they had
+made a determined attempt upon her less than a month
+before. From Samoa he sailed to Vavau which he named
+Howe's Group, in ignorance that it had been discovered
+by Maurelle ten years before, and subsequently visited by
+La P&eacute;rouse. Running southward, he made Pylstaart, at
+that time inhabited by Tongan castaways, and the fact
+that he did not stop to examine it, although he saw by the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17"></a>[<a href="./images/17.png">17</a>]</span>
+smoke that it was inhabited, shows that he had begun to
+tire of his search for the mutineers. Having enquired
+at Tongatabu and Eua, he returned to Namuka for
+water, and at this point any systematic search either
+for the tender or the mutineers seems to have been
+abandoned.</p>
+
+<p>Edwards had now been nine months at sea, and the prospect
+of the long homeward voyage round the Cape was still
+before him. With every league he had sailed westward
+the scent had grown fainter, and he was about to pass
+the spot from which the mutineers were known to have
+sailed in the opposite direction. His course is not easy
+to explain. To reason that the tender had fallen to leeward
+of her rendezvous, and had been compelled to seek
+shelter and provisions at one of the islands discovered by
+Bligh only two days' sail to the westward, required no high
+degree of foresight; and yet Edwards, who must have
+known the position of the Fiji islands from Bligh's narrative,
+deliberately set his course for Niuatobutabu, two
+days' sail to the north-west. But, falling to leeward of it,
+he made Niuafo'ou, the curious volcanic island discovered
+by Schouten in 1616, and never since visited. The prevailing
+wind making a visit to Niuatobutabu now impossible,
+he visited Wallis Island, and then bore away to
+the west.</p>
+
+<p>On August 8th, 1791, he made the discovery of Rotuma,
+whose enterprising people now furnish the Torres Straits
+pearl fishery with its best divers. It is difficult to forgive
+him for leaving so meagre an account of this interesting
+little community of mixed Polynesian and Micronesian
+blood. Edwards was probably mistaken in thinking their
+intentions hostile. Kau Moala, a Tongan who visited
+them in 1807, and related his experiences to Mariner,
+describes them as always friendly to strangers. Probably
+they took the <i>Pandora</i> for a god-ship, and since the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18"></a>[<a href="./images/18.png">18</a>]</span>
+Immortals of their Pantheon are generally malevolent, they
+left their women behind, and flourished weapons to scare
+the gods into good behaviour. In 1807 they had forgotten
+the visit, perhaps because it had brought them no calamity
+to inspire the native poets. Hamilton relates an incident
+quite in keeping with the character of this determined and
+sturdy little people. "One fellow was making off with
+some booty, but was detected; and although five of the
+stoutest men in the ship were hanging upon him, and had
+fast hold of his long flowing black hair, he overpowered
+them all, and jumped overboard with his prize."</p>
+
+<p>The ill fortune that pursued Edwards, that had baulked
+him of Pitcairn when it lay within a few hours' sail, that
+had cheated him at once of the recovery of his tender and
+the discovery of Fiji, and was soon to rob him of his ship,
+now dealt him the unkindest cut of all. On August 13th,
+he sighted the island of Vanikoro, and ran along its shore,
+sometimes within a mile of the reef. There was no conceivable
+reason why he should not have made some attempt
+to communicate with the inhabitants whose smoke signals
+attracted his attention. Had he done so, he would have
+been the means of rescuing the survivors of La P&eacute;rouse's
+expedition, and of clearing away the mystery that covered
+their fate for so many years. For, after Dillon's discoveries,
+there can be little doubt that they were on the
+island at that very time, and it is not unlikely that the
+smoke was actually a signal made by them to attract his
+attention. The Comte de la P&eacute;rouse, who had been
+despatched on a voyage of discovery by Louis XVI. on
+the eve of the Revolution, handed his journals to Governor
+Phillip in Botany Bay for transmission to Europe in 1788,
+and neither he, nor his two frigates, nor any of their
+company were ever seen again. Their fate produced so
+painful an impression in France that the National Assembly,
+then in the throes of the Revolution, sent out a relief<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19"></a>[<a href="./images/19.png">19</a>]</span>
+expedition under "Citizen-admiral" d'Entrecasteaux, and
+issued a splendid edition of his journals at the public
+expense. We now know from the native account elicited
+by Dillon that during a hurricane on a very dark night
+both frigates struck on the reef of Vanikoro, that the
+<i>Astrolabe</i> foundered with all hands in deep water, and the
+crew of the <i>Boussole</i> got safe to land. They stayed on the
+island until they had built a brig of native timber, in
+which they sailed away to the westward to meet a second
+shipwreck, perhaps on the Great Barrier reef. But two
+of them stayed behind for many years, and of these one
+was certainly alive in 1825. Now, Edwards saw Vanikoro
+just three years after the wreck, and even if the brig had
+sailed, there were two castaways who could have cleared
+up the mystery.</p>
+
+<p>After a narrow escape from shipwreck on the Indispensable
+Reef, he made the coast of New Guinea, supposing
+it to be one of the Louisiades. And here has occurred one
+of those curious errors in geographical nomenclature which
+are perpetuated by the most permanent of all histories&mdash;the
+Admiralty charts. Edwards gives the positions of two
+conspicuous headlands, which he named Cape Rodney and
+Cape Hood, and of a mountain lying between them which
+he called Mount Clarence. All these names appear in the
+Admiralty charts, but they are assigned to the wrong
+places. To a ship coming from the eastward the Cape
+Rodney of the charts is not conspicuous enough to have
+attracted Edwards' attention. The Cape Hood of the
+charts, on the contrary, cannot be mistaken, and it lies
+exactly in the position which Edwards gave for Cape
+Rodney. The "Cape Hood" that Edwards saw was
+undoubtedly Round Head, and his Mount Clarence must
+have been the high cone between them in the Saroa district.
+The <i>Pandora</i> must have approached on one of those
+misty mornings when the clouds creep down the mountain<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20"></a>[<a href="./images/20.png">20</a>]</span>
+sides of New Guinea, and obscure the ranges that rise,
+tier upon tier, right up to the towering peak of Mount
+Victoria, or Edwards could not have mistaken the continent
+for the insignificant islands of the Louisiades. On
+such a morning a narrow line of coast stands out clear
+against a background of sombre fog.</p>
+
+<p>The baleful fortune of the <i>Pandora</i>, now folded her
+wings and perched upon the taffrail. By hugging the
+coast of New Guinea she would have won a clear passage
+through these wreck-strewn straits of Torres, but the
+navigators of those days counted on clear water to
+Endeavour Straits, and recked little of the dangers of the
+Great Barrier reef. Bligh, who chanced upon a passage
+in 12.34 S. Lat. so aptly that he called it "Providential
+Channel," cautioned future navigators in words that
+should have warned Edwards against the course he was
+steering. "These, however, are marks too small for a
+ship to hit, unless it can hereafter be ascertained that
+passages through the reef are numerous along the coast."
+Edwards was not looking for Bligh's passage, which lay
+more than two degrees southward of his course. He
+had lately adopted a most dangerous practice of running
+blindly on through the night. Until he made the coast of
+New Guinea, he had profited by the warning of Bougainville,
+the only navigator whose book he seems to have
+studied, and always lay to till daylight, but now, in the
+most dangerous sea in the world, he threw this obvious
+precaution to the wind. Hamilton, to whom we are
+indebted for this information (for it did not transpire at
+the court martial) says that "the great length of the
+voyage would not permit it." How fatuous a proceeding
+it was in unsurveyed and unknown waters may be judged
+from the fact that in coral seas that have been carefully
+surveyed all ships of war are now compelled to keep the
+lead going whenever they move in coral waters. On<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21"></a>[<a href="./images/21.png">21</a>]</span>
+August 25th he discovered the Murray Islands, and, after
+spending the day in a vain attempt to force a passage
+through them, he followed the reef southward for two
+days without finding a passage. This must have brought
+him very near the latitude of Bligh's passage. On the
+morning of August 28th Lieut. Corner was sent to examine
+what appeared to be a channel, and an hour before dark
+he signalled that he had found a passage large enough for
+the ship. The night fell before the boat could get back,
+and this induced Edwards, who had already lost one boat's
+crew and his tender, to lie much closer to the reef than was
+prudent. The current did the rest. About seven the
+ship struck heavily, and, bumping over the reef, tore her
+planking so that, despite eleven hours incessant pumping,
+she foundered shortly after daylight. Eighty-nine of the
+ship's company and ten of the mutineers were picked up
+by the boats and landed on a sand cay four miles distant,
+and thirty-one sailors, and four mutineers (who went
+down in manacles) were drowned.</p>
+
+<p>Having read the different versions of this affair both
+for and against Edwards, I think it is proved that, besides
+treating his prisoners with inhumanity, he disregarded the
+orders of the Admiralty. His attitude towards the
+prisoners was always consistent. We learn from Corner
+that he allowed Coleman, Norman and Mackintosh to
+work at the pumps, but that when the others implored
+him to let them out of irons he placed two additional
+sentries over them, and threatened to shoot the first man
+who attempted to liberate himself. Every allowance
+must be made for the fear that in the disordered state of
+the ship, they might have made an attempt to escape, but
+during the eleven hours in which the water was gaining
+upon the pumps there was ample time to provide for their
+security. That so many were saved was due, not to him,
+but to a boatswain's mate, who risked his own life to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22"></a>[<a href="./images/22.png">22</a>]</span>
+liberate them. Lieut. Corner, who would not have been
+likely to err on the side of hostility to Edwards, gives his
+evidence against him in this particular. But whether he
+is to be believed or not, the fact that four of the prisoners
+went down in irons is impossible to extenuate.</p>
+
+<p>Edwards dismisses the boat voyage in very few words,
+though, in fact, it was a remarkable achievement to take
+four overloaded boats from the Barrier Reef to Timor
+without the loss of a single man. He made the coast of
+Queensland a little to the south of Albany Island, where
+the blacks first helped him to fill his water breakers, and
+then attacked him. He watered again at Horn Island,
+and then sailed through the passage which bears Flinders'
+name owing to the fallacy that he discovered it. After
+clearing the sound, he seems to have mistaken Prince of
+Wales' Island for Cape York, which he had left many miles
+behind him.</p>
+
+<p>Favoured by a fair wind and a calm sea, he made the
+run from Flinders passage to Timor in eleven days. Like
+Bligh, he found that the young bore their privations better
+than the old, and that the first effect of thirst and famine
+is to make men excessively irritable. Hamilton records a
+characteristic incident. Edwards had neglected to conduct
+prayers in his boat until he was reminded of his duty
+by one of the mutineers, who was leading the devotions
+of the seamen in the bows of the boat. Scandalized at
+the impropriety of a "pirate" daring to appeal to the
+Highest Tribunal for mercy, as it were, behind the back
+of the earthly court before which he was shortly to be
+arraigned, the captain sternly reproved him, and conducted
+prayers himself. A sense of humour was not
+numbered among Edwards' endowments.</p>
+
+<p>Timor was sighted on the 13th September, and on the
+15th the party landed at Coupang, where the Dutch
+authorities received them with every hospitality. Here<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23"></a>[<a href="./images/23.png">23</a>]</span>
+they met the survivors of a third boat voyage, scarcely
+less adventurous than Bligh's and their own. A party
+of convicts, including a woman and two small children,
+had contrived to steal a ship's gig and to escape in her
+from Port Jackson. Sleeping on shore at nights whenever
+possible, subsisting on shell-fish and sea-birds, they ran
+the entire length of the Queensland coast, threaded
+Endeavour Straits, and arrived at Coupang after an
+exposure lasting ten weeks without the loss of a single life.
+Having given themselves out as the survivors from the
+wreck of an English ship, they were entertained with
+great hospitality until the arrival of Edwards two weeks
+later, when they betrayed their story gratuitously. The
+captain of a Dutch vessel, who spoke English, on first
+hearing the news of Edwards' landing, ran to them with
+the glad tidings of their captain's arrival, on which one
+of them started up in surprise and exclaimed, "What
+captain? Dam'me! we have no captain." On hearing
+this the governor had them arrested, and sent to the castle,
+one man and the woman having to be pursued into the
+bush before they were taken. They then confessed that
+they were escaped convicts.</p>
+
+<p>Apart from their adventurous voyage, there is much
+romance about their story. William Bryant, the leader,
+had been transported for smuggling, and his sweetheart,
+Mary Broad, who was maid to a lady in Salcombe, in
+Devonshire for connivance in her lover's escape from Winchester
+Gaol. In due course they were married in Botany
+Bay, where Bryant was employed as fisherman to the
+governor, a post that enabled him to plan their successful
+escape. Bryant and both children died on the voyage
+home, together with three others, Morton, Cox and Simms,
+but the woman survived to obtain a full pardon, owing
+chiefly to the exertions of an officer of marines who went
+home with her in the <i>Gorgon</i>, and eventually married<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24"></a>[<a href="./images/24.png">24</a>]</span>
+her.<a name="FNanchor_24-1" id="FNanchor_24-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_24-1" class="fnanchor">[24-1]</a> Butcher, who was also pardoned, returned to New
+South Wales and became a thriving settler. The remaining
+four were sent back to complete their sentences. Their
+story has been graphically told by Messrs. Louis Becke
+and Walter Jeffery in "The First Fleet Family."</p>
+
+<p>During the voyage from Coupang to Batavia Edwards
+narrowly escaped a second shipwreck. The <i>Rembang</i> was
+dismasted on a lee shore in a cyclone, and, but for the
+exertions of the English seamen, would assuredly have
+been stranded, the Dutch sailors, who, says the facetious
+Hamilton, "would fight the devil should he appear to
+them in any other shape but that of thunder and lightning,"
+having taken to their hammocks. At Samarang,
+as already related, Edwards found the tender, which he
+had long given up for lost, and the price she fetched
+enabled the crew to purchase decent clothing. Heywood
+afterwards asserted that no clothing was given to the
+prisoners but what they could earn by plaiting and selling
+straw hats. They were miserably housed, when on board
+the <i>Rembang</i>, and kept in rigid confinement both at
+Batavia, and on the <i>Vreedemberg</i>, in which they made the
+voyage to the Cape.</p>
+
+<p>At Batavia Edwards divided his men among three
+Dutch vessels homeward bound, but at the Cape he
+removed his own contingent into H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>, and
+arrived at Spithead on June 18th, 1792. Two days later
+the ten mutineers were transferred to H.M.S. <i>Hector</i>,
+Captain Montague, and the convicts were sent to Newgate.
+The court martial, which did not assemble until
+September 12th, lasted five days, with the result that
+Norman, Coleman, Mackintosh and Byrne were acquitted,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25"></a>[<a href="./images/25.png">25</a>]</span>
+and Heywood, Morrison, Ellison, Burkitt, Millward and
+Muspratt were condemned to death, the two first being
+recommended to mercy. On October 24th Heywood and
+Morrison received the King's pardon, and both re-entered
+the Navy, Heywood to retire in 1816, when nearly at the
+head of the list of captains; Morrison to go down in the
+ill-fated <i>Blenheim</i> in which he was serving as gunner.
+Muspratt also was pardoned, but the three others were
+hanged on board the <i>Brunswick</i> in Portsmouth Harbour
+on October 29th, 1792. Thus ended a voyage that, for
+adventure and discovery, deserves a high place in the
+history of maritime enterprise in the Pacific. Voyages
+take their rank from the scientific attainments and literary
+ability of the men who record them, and the <i>Pandora</i>,
+unlucky in her fate as in her ill-omened name, was scarcely
+less unfortunate in her historian.</p>
+
+<p>B. T.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10-1" id="Footnote_10-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10-1"><span class="label">[10-1]</span></a> Mr. Louis Becke, "The Mutineers."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24-1" id="Footnote_24-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24-1"><span class="label">[24-1]</span></a> The <i>Gorgon</i> also carried Lieut. Clark, of the Royal Marines, whose
+journal of the voyage to Botany Bay and Norfolk Island in 1789
+throws a very interesting light upon the early days of the colony.
+Unfortunately the journal says very little of the <i>Gorgon's</i> voyage
+home.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26"></a>[<a href="./images/26.png">26</a>]</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27"></a>[<a href="./images/27.png">27</a>]</span></p>
+<h2><a name="CAPTAIN_EDWARDS_REPORTS" id="CAPTAIN_EDWARDS_REPORTS"></a>CAPTAIN EDWARDS' REPORTS.</h2>
+
+
+<p class="right">"<i>Pandora</i> in Sta Cruz Bay,<br />
+Teneriff,&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<br />
+25th November, 1790.</p>
+
+<p class="center">[R 28 Dec. and Read.]</p>
+
+<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>Be pleased to acquaint My Lords Commissioners
+of the Admiralty that I sailed again from Jack-in-the-Basket
+with His Majesty's Ship <i>Pandora</i> under my
+command on the 7th day of November, and anchored in
+Santa Cruz by Teneriffe on the 22nd: that nothing particular
+occured in my passage to this place, except that
+of my falling in with His Majesty's sloop <i>Shark</i> on the
+17th November in Latitude 32&deg; 33&#8242; Longitude 13&deg; 40&#8242; W.
+bound to Madeira with despatches for Rear Admiral
+Cornish, and my learning from them that the matters in
+dispute with Spain were amicably settled, of which circumstance
+I was unacquainted when I left England. I
+am now compleating my water, and have taken on board
+full 3 months wine for my compliment, with some fruit
+and vegetables, and purpose and flatter myself that I
+shall be able to sail from hence this evening. Inclosed I
+send the state and condition of His Majesty's Ship
+<i>Pandora</i> for their Lordships' information, and I have the
+honour to be,</p>
+
+<p class="center">Sir,<br />
+Your most obedient and ever humble servant,</p>
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edward Edwards</span>.&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+
+<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;Phillip Stevens, Esq."</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28"></a>[<a href="./images/28.png">28</a>]</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="right">"<i>Pandora</i> at Rio Janeiro,&ensp;&ensp;<br />
+the 6th January, 1791.</p>
+
+<p class="center">[Received 29th June and read.]</p>
+
+<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>Be pleased to acquaint My Lords Commissioners
+of the Admiralty that I sailed from Teneriff with His
+Majesty's Ship <i>Pandora</i> on the afternoon of the 25th
+November, agreeable to my intentions signified to their
+Lordships by letter from that island, and anchored off the
+city Rio Janeiro on the evening of the 31st of December
+with a view to compleat my water and to get refreshments
+for the ship's company and from my being persuaded
+that very long runs, particularly with new ships' companies,
+are prejudicial to health, and as my men are of
+that description, and have also suffered in their health
+from a fever which has prevailed amongst them in a
+greater or less degree ever since they left England, were
+other inducements for my touching at this port. I shall
+stay here no longer than is absolutely necessary to procure
+these articles, and which I expect to be able to accomplish
+by the seventh of this month, and I shall then
+proceed on my voyage as soon as wind and weather will
+permit.</p>
+
+<p>Herewith I send the state and condition of His Majesty's
+Ship <i>Pandora</i>, and I have the honour to be, Sir,</p>
+
+<p class="center">Your most obedient and humble servant,</p>
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards</span>."&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="right">"Batavia, the 25th November, 1791.</p>
+<p class="center">29th May, 1792.</p>
+<p class="right">From Amsterdam.&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+
+<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>In a letter dated the 6th day of January, 1791,
+which I did myself the honour to address to you from Rio
+Janeiro I gave an account of my proceedings up to that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29"></a>[<a href="./images/29.png">29</a>]</span>
+time and inclosed the state and condition of His Majesty's
+Ship <i>Pandora</i> under my command, and having compleated
+the water and procured such articles of provision, etc.,
+for the use of the Ship's Company as they were in want of
+and I thought necessary for the voyage, I sailed from that
+port on the 8th January, 1791, run along the coast of
+America, Tierra Del Fuego, Hatin Land, round Cape
+Horn and proceeded directly to Otaheite, and arrived at
+Matavy Bay in that Island on the 23rd March without
+having touched in any other place in my passage thither.</p>
+
+<p>It was my intention to have put into New Year's harbour,
+or some other port in its neighbourhood to complete
+our water and to refresh my people, could I have effected
+that business within the month of January; but as I
+arrived too late on that coast to fulfil my intentions within
+the time, it determined me to push forward without delay,
+by which means I flattered myself I might avoid that
+extreme bad weather and all the evil consequences that
+are usually experienced in doubling Cape Horn in a more
+advanced season of the year, and I had the good fortune
+not to be disappointed in my expectation.</p>
+
+<p>After doubling the Cape, and advancing Northward
+into warmer weather, the fever which had prevailed on
+board gradually declined, and the diseases usually succeeding
+such fevers prevented by a liberal use of the
+antiscorbutics and other nourishing and useful articles
+with which we were so amply supplied, and the ship's
+company arrived at Otaheite in perfect health, except a
+few whose debilitated constitutions no climate, provisions
+or medicine could much improve.</p>
+
+<p>In our run to Otaheite we discovered 3 islands: the
+first, which I called Ducie's Island, lies in Latitude
+24&deg; 40&#8242; 30&#8243; S. and Longitude 124&deg; 36&#8242; 30&#8243; W. from
+Greenwich. It is between 2 and 3 miles long. The
+second I called Lord Hood's Island. It lies in Latitude<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30"></a>[<a href="./images/30.png">30</a>]</span>
+21&deg; 31&#8242; S. and Longitude 135&deg; 32&#8242; 30&#8243; W., and is about 8
+miles long. The third I called Carysfort's Island. It lies
+in Latitude 20&deg; 49&#8242; S. and Longitude 138&deg; 33&#8242; W. and it
+is 5 miles long. They are all three low lagoon islands
+covered with wood, but we saw no inhabitants on either
+of them.<a name="FNanchor_30-1" id="FNanchor_30-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_30-1" class="fnanchor">[30-1]</a> Before we anchored at Matavy Bay, Joseph
+Coleman, Armourer of the <i>Bounty</i>, and several of the
+natives came on board, from whom I learned that Christian
+the pirate had landed and left 16 of his men on the
+Island, some of whom were then at Matavy, and some had
+sailed from there the morning before our arrival (in a
+schooner they had built) for Papara, a distant part of the
+Island, to join other of the pirates that were settled at that
+place, and that Churchill, Master at Arms, had been
+murdered by Matthew Thompson, and that Matthew
+Thompson was killed by the natives and offered as a
+sacrifice on their altars for the murder of Churchill, whom
+they had made a chief.</p>
+
+<p>George Stewart and Peter Heywood, midshipmen of the
+<i>Bounty</i>, came on board the <i>Pandora</i> soon after she came
+to an anchor, and I had also information that Richard
+Skinner was at Matavy. I desired Poen, an inferior chief
+(who, in the absence of Otoo, was the principal person in
+the district) to bring him on board. The chief went on
+shore for the purpose, and soon after he returned again
+and informed me that Skinner was coming on board.
+Before night he did come on board, but whether it was in
+consequence of the chief's instructions, or his own accord,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31"></a>[<a href="./images/31.png">31</a>]</span>
+I am at a loss to say. As soon as the ship was moored
+the pinnace and launch were got ready and sent under
+the direction of Lt. Corner and Hayward in pursuit of the
+pirates and schooner in hopes of getting hold of them
+before they could get information of our arrival, and
+Odiddee, a native of Bolabola, and who has been with
+Capt. Cook, etc., went with them as a guide.</p>
+
+<p>The boats were discovered by the pirates before they
+had arrived at the place where these people had landed,
+and they immediately embarked in their schooner and put
+to sea, and she was chased the remainder of the day by our
+boats, but, it blowing fresh, she outsailed them, and the
+boats returned to the ship. Jno. Brown, the person left
+at Otaheite by Mr. Cox of the <i>Mercury</i>,<a name="FNanchor_31-1" id="FNanchor_31-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_31-1" class="fnanchor">[31-1]</a> and from whom
+their Lordships supposed I might get some useful information,
+had been under the necessity for his own safety to
+associate with the pirates, but he took the opportunity
+to leave them when they were about to embark in the
+schooner and put to sea. He informed me that they had
+very little water and provisions on board, or vessels to
+hold them in, and, of course, could not keep at sea long.
+I entered Brown on the ship's books as part of the compliment
+and found him very intelligent and useful in the
+different capacities of guide, soldier and seaman. I
+employed different people to look out for and to give
+information on their landing either on this or the neighbouring
+islands.</p>
+
+<p>On the 26th, in the evening, sent the pinnace to Edee
+by desire of the old Otoo, or king, to bring him on board
+the <i>Pandora</i>. Early on the morning of the 27th, I had
+information that the pirates were returning with the
+schooner to Papara and that they were landed and retired
+to the mountains, to endeavour to conceal and defend
+themselves. Immediately sent Lt. Corner with 26 men<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32"></a>[<a href="./images/32.png">32</a>]</span>
+in the launch to Papara to pursue them. At night
+the Otoo, his two queens and suite came on board the
+pinnace and slept on board the <i>Pandora</i>, which they
+afterwards frequently did.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning Lt. Hayward was sent with a
+party in the pinnace to join the party in the launch at
+Papara. I found the Otoo ready to furnish me with guides
+and to give me any other assistance in his power, but he
+had very little authority or influence in that part of the
+island where the pirates had taken refuge, and even his
+right to the sovereignty of the eastern part of the island
+had been recently disputed by Tamarie, one of the royal
+family. Under these circumstances I conceived the taking
+of the Otoo and the other chiefs attached to his interest
+into custody would alarm the faithful part of his subjects
+and operate to our disadvantage. I therefore satisfied
+myself with the assistance he offered and had in his power
+to give me, and I found means at different times to send
+presents to Tamarie (and invited him to come on board,
+which he promised to do, but never fulfilled his promise),
+and convinced him I had it in my power to lay his country
+in waste, which I imagined would be sufficient at least to
+make him withhold that support he hitherto, through
+policy, had occasionally given to the pirates in order to
+draw them to his interest and to strengthen his own party
+against the Otoo.</p>
+
+<p>I probably might have had it in my power to have taken
+and secured the person of Tamarie, but I was apprehensive
+that such an attempt might irritate the natives attached
+to his interest, and induce them to act hostilely against
+our party at a time the ship was at too great a distance
+to afford them timely and necessary assistance in case of
+such an event, and I adopted the milder method for that
+reason, and from a persuasion that our business could be
+brought to a conclusion at less risk and in less time by that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33"></a>[<a href="./images/33.png">33</a>]</span>
+means. The yawl was sent to Papara with spare hands to
+bring back the launch which was wanted to water the
+ship, and on the 29th the launch returned to the ship with
+James Morrison,<a name="FNanchor_33-1" id="FNanchor_33-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_33-1" class="fnanchor">[33-1]</a> Charles Norman, and Thomas Ellison,
+belonging to the <i>Bounty</i>, and who had been made prisoners
+at Papara on the 7th April. The companies returned with
+the detachment from Papara, and brought with them the
+pirate schooner which they had taken there. The natives
+had deserted the place, and I had information that the
+six remaining pirates had fled to the mountains.</p>
+
+<p>On the 5th I sent Lt. Hayward with 25 men in
+the schooner and yawl to Papara, the old Otoo and
+several of the youths, &amp;c., went with him. On the 7th, in
+the morning, Lt. Corner was landed with 16 men at
+Point Venus in order to march round the back of the
+mountains, in which the pirates had retreated, to cooperate
+with the party sent to Papara. Orissia, the Otoo's
+brother, and a party of natives went with him as guides
+and to carry the provisions, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>On the 9th Lt. Hayward returned with the schooner
+and yawl and brought with him Henry Hillbrant, Thomas<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34"></a>[<a href="./images/34.png">34</a>]</span>
+M'Intosh, Thomas Burkitt, Jno. Millward, Jno. Sumner
+and William Muspratt, the six remaining pirates belonging
+to the <i>Bounty</i>. They had quitted the mountains and had
+got down near the seashore when they were discovered
+by our party on the opposite side of a river. They submitted,
+on being summoned to lay down their arms. Lt.
+Corner with his party marched across the mountains to
+Papara, and a boat was sent for them there, and they
+returned on board again on the 13th in the afternoon. I
+put the pirates in the round house which I built at the
+after part of the Quarter deck for their more effectual
+security, airy and healthy situation, and to separate them
+from, and to prevent their having any communication
+with, or to crowd and incommode the ship's company.</p>
+
+<p>Contrary to my expectations, the water we got at the
+usual place at Point Venus turned out very bad, and on
+touching for better, most excellent water was found issuing
+out of a rock in a little bay to the southward of One Tree
+Hill. I mention this circumstance because it may be of
+importance to be known to other ships that may hereafter
+touch at that island.</p>
+
+<p>The natives had in their possession a bower anchor
+belonging to the <i>Bounty</i>, which that ship had left in the
+bay, and I took it on board the <i>Pandora</i>, and made them
+a handsome present by way of salvage and as a reward for
+their ingenuity in weighing it with materials so ill calculated
+for the purpose. I learned from different people
+and from journals kept on board the <i>Bounty</i>, which were
+found in the chests of the pirates at Otaheite, that after
+Lt. Bligh and the people with him were turned adrift
+in the launch, the pirates proceeded with the ship to the
+Island of Toobouai in Latitude 20&deg; 13&#8242; S. and Longitude
+149&deg; 35&#8242; W., where they anchored on the 25th May, 1789.
+Before their arrival there they threw the greatest part of
+the bread fruit plants overboard, and the property of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35"></a>[<a href="./images/35.png">35</a>]</span>
+officers and people that were turned out of the ship was
+divided amongst those who remained on board her, and
+the royals and some other small sails were cut up and
+disposed of in the same manner.</p>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding they met with some opposition from
+the natives, they intended to settle on this island, but
+after some time they perceived that they were in want of
+several things necessary for a settlement and which was
+the cause of disagreements and quarrels amongst themselves.
+At last they came to a resolution to come to
+Otaheite to get such of the things wanted as could be
+procured there, and in consequence of that resolution they
+sailed from Toobouai at the latter end of the month and
+arrived at Otaheite on the 6th of June. The Otoo and
+other natives were very inquisitive and desirous to know
+what was become of Lt. Bligh and the other absentees
+and the bread fruit plants, &amp;c. They deceived them by
+saying that they had fallen in with Captain Cook at an
+island he had lately discovered called "Why-Too-Tackee"
+[Aitutaki], and where he intended to settle, and that
+the plants were landed and planted there, and that Lt.
+Bligh and the other absentees were detained to assist
+Captain Cook in the business he had in hand, and that he
+had appointed Christian captain of the <i>Bounty</i> and ordered
+him to Otaheite for an additional supply of hogs, goats,
+fowls, bread fruit plants, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>These humane islanders were imposed upon by this
+artful story, and they were so rejoiced to hear that their
+old friend Captain Cook was alive and was near them that
+they used every means in their power to procure the
+things that were wanted, so that in the course of a few
+days the <i>Bounty</i> took on board 312 hogs, 38 goats,
+eight dozen fowls, a bull and a cow, and a quantity of
+bread fruit plants, &amp;c. They also took with them a
+woman, eight men and seven boys. With these supplies<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36"></a>[<a href="./images/36.png">36</a>]</span>
+they sailed from Otaheite on the 19th June and arrived
+again at Toobouai on the 26th. They landed the live
+stock on the quays that were near the harbour, lightened
+the ship and warped her up the harbour into two fathoms
+water opposite to the place where they intended to build
+the fort. On this occasion their spare masts, yards and
+booms were got out and moored, but they afterwards
+broke adrift and were lost.<a name="FNanchor_36-1" id="FNanchor_36-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_36-1" class="fnanchor">[36-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>On the 19th July they began to build the fort. Its
+dimensions were 50 yards square. These villains had
+frequent quarrels amongst themselves which at last were
+carried to such a length that no order was observed
+amongst them, and by the 30th August the work at the
+fort was discontinued. They had also almost continual
+disputes and skirmishes with the natives, which were
+generally brought on by their own violence and depredations.
+Christian, perceiving that he had lost his authority,
+and that nothing more could be done, desired them to
+consult together and consider what step would be the
+most advisable to take, and said that he would put into
+execution the opinion that was supported by the most
+votes. After long consultation it was at last determined
+that the scheme of staying at Toobouai should be given
+up, and that the ship should be taken to Otaheite, where
+those who chose to go on shore should be at liberty to do
+so, and those who remained on the ship might take her
+away to whatever place they should think fit.</p>
+
+<p>In consequence of this final determination preparations
+were made for the purpose and they sailed from Toobouai
+on the 15th and arrived at Matavy Bay, Otaheite, on the
+20th September 1789. The bull which they took from
+Otaheite died on its passage to Toobouai, and they killed
+the cow before they left that island, yet, notwithstanding
+this and the depredations they committed there, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37"></a>[<a href="./images/37.png">37</a>]</span>
+natives still derived considerable advantage from their
+visits, as several hogs, goats, fowls and other things of
+their introduction were left behind. These sixteen men
+mentioned before were landed at Otaheite, viz.:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<ul class="plain"><li>Joseph Coleman [Armourer].<a name="FNanchor_37-3" id="FNanchor_37-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_37-3" class="fnanchor">[37-3]</a></li>
+<li>Peter Heywood [Midshipman].<a name="FNanchor_37-2" id="FNanchor_37-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_37-2" class="fnanchor">[37-2]</a></li>
+<li>George Stewart [Midshipman].<a name="FNanchor_37-4" id="FNanchor_37-4"></a><a href="#Footnote_37-4" class="fnanchor">[37-4]</a></li>
+<li>Richard Skinner [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-4" class="fnanchor">[37-4]</a></li>
+<li>Michael Burn [A.B. Fiddler].<a href="#Footnote_37-3" class="fnanchor">[37-3]</a></li>
+<li>James Morrison [Boatswain's Mate].<a href="#Footnote_37-2" class="fnanchor">[37-2]</a></li>
+<li>Charles Norman [Carpenter's Mate].<a href="#Footnote_37-3" class="fnanchor">[37-3]</a></li>
+<li>Thomas Ellison [A.B.].<a name="FNanchor_37-1" id="FNanchor_37-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_37-1" class="fnanchor">[37-1]</a></li>
+<li>Henry Hillbrant [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-4" class="fnanchor">[37-4]</a></li>
+<li>John Sumner [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-4" class="fnanchor">[37-4]</a></li>
+<li>Thomas M'Intosh [Carpenter's Crew].<a href="#Footnote_37-3" class="fnanchor">[37-3]</a></li>
+<li>William Muspratt [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-1" class="fnanchor">[37-1]</a></li>
+<li>Thomas Burkitt [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-1" class="fnanchor">[37-1]</a></li>
+<li>John Millward [A.B.].<a href="#Footnote_37-1" class="fnanchor">[37-1]</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>These fourteen were made prisoners by my people and
+Charles Churchill and Matthew Thompson were murdered
+on that island. Previous to these people being put on
+shore the small arms, powder, canvas and the small stores
+belonging to the ship were equally divided amongst the
+whole crew. After building the schooner six of these
+people actually sailed in her for the East Indies, but
+meeting with bad weather and suspecting the abilities of
+Morrison, whom they had chosen to be their captain to
+navigate her there, they returned again to Otaheite on the
+night between the 21st and 22nd of September 1789 and
+were seen in the morning to the N.W. of Point Venus.<a name="FNanchor_37-5" id="FNanchor_37-5"></a><a href="#Footnote_37-5" class="fnanchor">[37-5]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38"></a>[<a href="./images/38.png">38</a>]</span>Fletcher Christian, Edward Young, Matthew Quintall,
+William M'Koy, Alexander Smith, John Williams, Isaac
+Martin, William Brown and John Mills went away in the
+ship and they also took with them several natives of these
+islands, both men and women, but I could not exactly
+learn their numbers, only that they had on board a few
+more women than white men, a deficiency of whom had
+formerly been one of their grievances and the principal
+cause of their quarrels. Christian had been frequently
+heard to declare that he would search for an unknown or
+uninhabited island in which there was no harbour for shipping,
+would run the ship ashore and get from her such
+things as would be useful to him and settle there, but this
+information was too vague to be followed in an immense
+ocean strewed with an almost innumerable number of
+known and unknown islands; therefore after the ship was
+caulked, which I found was necessary to be done, the
+rigging overhauled and in other respects refitted her for
+sea, and fitted the pirates' schooner as a tender, and put on
+board two petty officers<a name="FNanchor_38-1" id="FNanchor_38-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_38-1" class="fnanchor">[38-1]</a> and seven men to navigate her,
+conceiving she would be of considerable use in covering
+the boats in my future search for the <i>Bounty</i>, as well as
+for reconnoitring the passage through the reef leading to
+Endeavour Straits; I sailed from Otaheite on the 8th of
+May with a view to put the remainder of my orders into
+execution.</p>
+
+<p>Oediddee was desirous to go in the <i>Pandora</i> to Ulietia
+and to Bolabola, and as I thought he would be useful as
+a guide for the boats I took him with me and steered for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39"></a>[<a href="./images/39.png">39</a>]</span>
+Huahaine which we saw the next morning. The tender
+and the boats were employed the 9th and part of the 10th
+in examining the harbours, and Oediddee went with them
+as pilot. Several chiefs came on board and brought with
+them hogs and other articles, the produce of the island,
+and a servant of Omai also came on board, and said that
+he was not then much the better for his master's riches,
+however his former connections was the cause of his visit
+to the ship being made very profitable to him, and all the
+chiefs and their attendances received presents from me.
+Two of the chiefs of this island were desirous to go in the
+ship to Ulietia and I had given them leave to, but when the
+ship was about to make sail they suddenly changed their
+minds and went on shore and took Oediddee with them.
+Oediddee promised to follow us there the next day, but
+we did not see him again.</p>
+
+<p>I proceeded to Ulietea Otaka and Bolabola, and the
+tender and boats were employed in examining the bays
+and harbours of these islands, but we got no intelligence
+of the <i>Bounty</i> or her people. Tahatoo, who called himself
+king of Bolabola, informed me that he had been a few
+days before at Tubai, which is a small, low island situated
+on the Northward of Bolabola and under its jurisdiction,
+and that there were no white men upon that island, nor
+upon Maurua, another island in sight of it and to the
+westward of Bolabola. He also mentioned another island
+which I thought he called Mojeshah, but we know no such
+island unless it be Howe's Island, and that seems to be
+situated too far to the South and to the West for the island
+he attempted to describe and point out to us. The chiefs
+and several other people came on board from these islands
+and brought with them the usual produce, and they were
+at all the isles very pressing to prevail upon us to make a
+longer stay with them, but as I had no object particularly
+in view and my people in good health, I did not think it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40"></a>[<a href="./images/40.png">40</a>]</span>
+proper unnecessarily to waste my time for the sake of
+procuring a few articles that were in greater abundance
+in these islands than at Otaheite. I made presents to all
+those chiefs as it was my custom to do to everyone that
+had the least pretension to pre-eminence, and to all the
+people who came on board in the first boat.</p>
+
+<p>After leaving Bolabola I steered for Maurua and passed
+it at a small distance. Howe's Island was not seen by us
+as it is a low island and we passed to the Southward of it.
+I then shaped my course to get into the latitude of and to
+fall in to the Eastward of Why-to-tackee [Aitutaki].</p>
+
+<p>On the 14th, Henry Hillbrant, one of the pirates, gave
+information that Christian had declared to him the evening
+before he left Otaheite that he intended to go with the
+<i>Bounty</i> to an uninhabited island discovered by Mr. Byron,
+situated to the Westward of the Isles of Danger, which,
+from description of the situation, I found to be the island
+called by Mr. Byron "The Duke of York's Island,"<a name="FNanchor_40-1" id="FNanchor_40-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_40-1" class="fnanchor">[40-1]</a> and
+if they could land, would settle there and run the ship
+upon the reef and destroy her, and if they could not land,
+or if on examination found it would not answer their
+purpose, he would look out for some other uninhabited
+island. However, I continued my course for Why-to-tackee,
+being now determined to examine the island in
+preference to following any intelligence, however plausible,
+and on the morning of the 19th saw the Island of Why-to-tackee
+[Aitutaki],<a name="FNanchor_40-2" id="FNanchor_40-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_40-2" class="fnanchor">[40-2]</a> and sent the tender in shore to ground
+and look out for a harbour.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41"></a>[<a href="./images/41.png">41</a>]</span>
+At noon sent Lt. Hayward in the yawl to look into a
+place on the N.W. part of the island that had the appearance
+of a harbour and to get intelligence of the natives.
+In the evening he returned. The place was so far from
+being fit for the reception of the ship that he could scarcely
+find a passage through the reef for the boat; he conversed
+with seven or eight different sets of people, whom he met
+with in canoes, and they all agreed that the <i>Bounty</i> was
+not, nor had not been there since Lt. Bligh left the
+island, nor did any of them known anything of her. Lt.
+Hayward recollected one of the natives, whom he remembered
+to have seen on board the <i>Bounty</i> when he discovered
+the island, and he saw another savage belonging to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42"></a>[<a href="./images/42.png">42</a>]</span>
+a neighbouring island who knew Captain Cook and
+inquired after him, Omai and Oediddee, whom he said he
+had seen.</p>
+
+<p>These people at first approached the boat with caution,
+and could not be prevailed upon to come on board the
+ship. As I was convinced that the <i>Bounty</i> was not on this
+island, and as Hervey's, Mangea and Wattea Islands to
+the S.E. of Why-to-tackee were inhabited, I did not think
+it probable that Christian, in the weak state the ship was
+in, would attempt to settle upon either of them, and as
+there was some plausibility in the information given me
+by Hillbrant the prisoner, and as the Duke of York's
+Island seemed to answer the description of such an island
+as Christian had been heard by others to declare he would
+search for to settle on, it being by Mr. Byron's account
+uninhabited, and with a harbour; and as the fact that
+it was out of the known track of ships in these seas since
+our acquaintance with the Society Islands, made it still
+more eligible for his purpose; from these united circumstances
+I thought it was probable he might make choice
+of the Duke of York's Island for his intended settlement.
+I therefore determined to proceed to that island, taking
+Palmerston's island in my way thither, as it also answered
+in all respects, except situation, to the description of the
+other; and at night I bore away and made sail for
+Palmerston's Island, and made that on the 21st in the
+afternoon.<a name="FNanchor_42-1" id="FNanchor_42-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_42-1" class="fnanchor">[42-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>On the 22nd in the morning sent the schooner tender
+and cutter in shore to look for the harbours or anchorage,
+and soon after Lt. Corner was sent in the yawl for the
+same purpose and to look out for the <i>Bounty</i> and her
+people. At noon, perceiving the schooner and cutter
+had got round the Northernmost island, I stood round the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43"></a>[<a href="./images/43.png">43</a>]</span>
+S.E. island with the ship in order to join the yawl that was
+at a grapnel off that island, and sent the other yawl to
+join Lt. Corner. At 4 the two yawls returned with a
+quantity of cocoanuts and Lt. Corner also returned on
+board. Soon after, Lt. Hayward was sent on shore in
+the yawl to examine the S.W. island. After dark we burnt
+several false fires as signals to the boat, but the weather
+being thick and squally she did not return till the morning
+of the 23rd, but the tender joined us that night and informed
+me that she had found a yard on the island marked
+"Bounty's Driver Yard" and other circumstances that
+indicated that the <i>Bounty</i> was, or had been there. The
+tender was immediately sent on shore after the yawl.</p>
+
+<p>On the 23rd provisions, ammunition, &amp;c., was sent on
+board the tender,<a name="FNanchor_43-1" id="FNanchor_43-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_43-1" class="fnanchor">[43-1]</a> and Lt. Corner with a party of men
+were sent with the yawl and tender to land on the
+Northernmost island. At 4 in the afternoon, perceiving
+that the schooner tender had anchored under that island
+the yawl landing the party on the reef leading to it, Lt.
+Corner had orders to examine that and the Easternmost
+island very minutely to see if any other traces besides the
+yard could be made out of the <i>Bounty</i> or her people.</p>
+
+<p>On the 24th in the morning sent the cutter on board the
+tender for intelligence, but she did not return till nearly
+2 o'clock in the afternoon, when she brought with her
+seven men of Lt. Corner's party. She was sent on
+board the tender again with orders for the remainder of
+the party that was returned from the search to be brought
+on board the <i>Pandora</i> in the yawl, and for the cutter to
+remain on board the tender to embark Lt. Corner when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44"></a>[<a href="./images/44.png">44</a>]</span>
+he returned, the midshipman having represented that she
+answered the purpose of landing and embarking better
+than the larger boat from the particular circumstances of
+the landing place; and I stood over for the S.W. island
+to take on board the other yawl which had been sent to
+ground near the reef of that island and to procure from it
+some cocoanuts, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>At 5 the yawl came on board, and I then stood towards
+the schooner in order to take the other yawl on board,
+but the weather became squally with rain and I stood out
+to sea. During the night the weather was rougher than
+usual, with an ugly sea and I did not get close in with
+them again till the 28th at noon, soon after which the
+yawl came on board from the schooner and informed us to
+my great astonishment and concern that the cutter had
+not been on board her since she left the ship.<a name="FNanchor_44-1" id="FNanchor_44-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_44-1" class="fnanchor">[44-1]</a> The tender
+was ordered to run down by the side of the reef and if
+the cutter was not seen there to run out to sea six leagues
+and to steer about W.N.W.-W., it being the opposite
+point to that on which the wind blew from the preceding
+night, and I waited with the ship to take on board Lt.
+Corner who was not then returned from the search. He
+soon after appeared and was taken on board.</p>
+
+<p>In his search he found a double canoe curiously painted,
+and different in make from those we had seen on the islands
+we had visited. A piece of wood burnt half through was
+also found. The yard and these things lay upon the beach
+at high water mark and were all eaten by the sea worm,
+which is a strong presumption they were drifted there by
+the waves. The driver yard was probably drove from
+Toobouai where the <i>Bounty</i> lost the greater part of her
+spars, and as no recent traces could be found on the island
+of a human being or any part of the wreck of a ship I
+gave up all further search and hopes of finding the <i>Bounty</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45"></a>[<a href="./images/45.png">45</a>]</span>
+or her people there. I then stood out to sea and the ship
+and the tender cruized about in search of the cutter until
+the 29th in the morning, when seeing nothing of her, I
+being at that time well in with the land, sent on shore once
+more to examine the reef and beach of the northernmost
+island, but with no better success than before, as neither
+the cutter or any article belonging to her could be found
+there.</p>
+
+<p>I then steered for the Duke of York's island which we
+got sight of at noon on the 6th June, and in the afternoon
+the tender and two yawls were sent on shore to examine
+the coast. On the 7th in the morning Lt. Corner and
+Hayward were sent on shore with a party of men attended
+by the schooner and two yawls. We soon after saw some
+huts upon the island and so made a signal to the boats
+to warn them of danger, and for them to be upon their
+guard against surprise. They landed and got canoes
+to the within side of the lagoon in which they made a
+circuit of it. A few houses were found in examining the
+hills on the opposite side of the lagoon, and also a ship's
+large wooden buoy, which appeared to be of foreign make,
+and had evident marks of its having been long in the
+water.</p>
+
+<p>As Mr. Byron describes the Duke of York's island to
+be without inhabitants, the sight of the houses and ship's
+buoy, before they were minutely examined wrot so
+strongly on the minds of the people that they saw many
+things in imagination that did not exist, but all tended
+to persuade them that the <i>Bounty's</i> people were really
+upon the island agreeable to the intelligence given by
+Hillbrant, but after a most minute and repeated search,
+no human being of any description could be found upon
+the island. There were a number of canoes, spare
+paddles, fishing gear, and a variety of other things found
+in the houses which seemed to prove that it was an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46"></a>[<a href="./images/46.png">46</a>]</span>
+occasional residence and fishery of the natives of some
+neighbouring islands.<a name="FNanchor_46-1" id="FNanchor_46-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_46-1" class="fnanchor">[46-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>There is so great a difference in the situation of this
+island as laid down in the charts of Hawkesworth's
+collection of voyages and also some others from that of
+Captain Cook that there may be some doubt about its
+real situation. I followed that of Captain Cook, yet the
+situation of this island by our account did not exactly
+agree with him. He lays it down in Latitude 8&deg; 41&#8242; S.
+and Longitude 173&deg; 3&#8242; W., and the centre of the island
+by our account lies Latitude 8&deg; 34&#8242; S. and Longitude by
+observation 172&deg; 6&#8242;, and by timekeeper 172&deg; 39&#8242; W. By
+our estimation this island is not so large as it is by Mr.
+Byron's. In other respects, except the houses, it answers
+his description very well. I should have stood off to the
+westward to have seen if there were any other islands in
+that direction, but I was apprehensive by so doing
+that I might have much difficulty in fetching the island
+I had then to visit, and as the wind was favourable
+to stand to the Southward when I left the island, I therefore
+satisfied myself in passing to the westward of it and
+stretching to the northward so far as to know there was
+no island within thirty miles of it on that point of the
+compass, and also to pass to the windward of the island
+when I put about and stood to the northward.</p>
+
+<p>In standing to the Northward I discovered an island
+on the 12th June.<a name="FNanchor_46-2" id="FNanchor_46-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_46-2" class="fnanchor">[46-2]</a> We soon perceived that it was a
+lagoon island, formed by a great many small islands
+connected together by a reef of rocks, forming a circle
+round the lagoon in its centre. It is low, but well wooded,
+amongst which the cocoanut tree is conspicuous both for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47"></a>[<a href="./images/47.png">47</a>]</span>
+its height and peculiar form. As we approached the
+land we saw several natives on the beach. Lt. Hayward
+was sent with the tender and yawl in shore to reconnoitre
+and to endeavour to converse with the natives,
+and if possible to bring about a friendly intercourse
+with them. They made signs of friendship and beckoned
+him to come on shore, yet, whenever he drew near with
+the boat, they always retired, and he could not prevail
+on them to come to her; and the surf was thought too
+great to venture to land, at least before the friendship
+of the natives was better confirmed.</p>
+
+<p>We soon afterwards saw several sailing canoes with
+stages in their middle, sailing across the lagoon for the
+opposite islands, but whether it was a flight, or that they
+were only going a-fishing, or on some other business,
+we were at that time at a loss to know. Lt. Corner was
+sent to look for a better landing place, and, thinking that
+there was the appearance of an opening into the lagoon
+round the N.W. island, I stood that way with the ship
+to take a view of it but found that it was also barred in
+that part by a reef. Better landing places were found,
+but they were to leeward and at a considerable distance
+from the place that seemed to be the principal residence
+of the natives.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning Lt. Corner and Hayward landed
+with a strong party near the houses, which they found
+deserted by the natives, and they had taken with them
+all the canoes except one. It appeared exactly to resemble
+those we had seen at the Duke of York's island.
+The houses, fishing gear and utensils were also similar
+to those seen there, which made me suppose that these
+were the people who occasionally visited that island,
+but this had the appearance of being the principal residence
+as Morais, or burying places, were found at this,
+but none at the former.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48"></a>[<a href="./images/48.png">48</a>]</span>
+I was very desirous to get into communication with these
+people, as I thought we might possibly get some useful
+information relative to the buoy we had seen at the Duke
+of York's island, or about the <i>Bounty</i> had she touched at
+either of these islands, or at any others in their neighbourhood.
+With that view I left in and about the houses
+hatchets, knives, glasses and a variety of things that I
+thought would be useful or pleasing to them, and also to
+show them that we were disposed to be friendly to them,
+and by that means I hoped they would become less shy,
+and that our intercourse with them would be brought
+about; and I stood round the northernmost island to
+visit other parts of the island, and on the 14th in the
+morning Lt. Corner was sent on shore with the tender,
+yawl and canoe, and he landed to the eastward of the
+northernmost island and marched round to the northeast
+extremity of the islands: he perceived marks of bare
+feet of the natives in different parts, but more particularly
+about the cocoanut trees, most of which were stripped
+of their fruit, but not a single person or canoe could be
+found. He embarked again at that part of the isles
+with great difficulty by the assistance of cork jackets
+and rope and the canoe. I supposed that the natives
+had left the island and I bore away to join the tender
+that had been sent to search for a channel into the lagoon
+near the northernmost isle; and after joining her I went
+once more towards the place we had first examined,
+and seeing no natives or any signs of them there I gave up
+the search.</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th stood to the southward for Navigators'
+islands. I called the island the Duke of Clarence's Island.
+It lies in Latitude 9&deg; 9&#8242; 30&#8243; and Longitude 171&deg; 30&#8242; 46&#8243;.<a name="FNanchor_48-1" id="FNanchor_48-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_48-1" class="fnanchor">[48-1]</a>
+From the abundance of cocoanut trees both on this and
+the Duke of York's island, in the trunks of which holes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49"></a>[<a href="./images/49.png">49</a>]</span>
+were cut transversely to catch and preserve water, and
+as no other water was seen by us we supposed it was the
+only means they had of procuring that useful and necessary
+article. On the 18th in the forenoon we saw a very high
+island and as I supposed it to be a new discovery I called
+it Chatham island,<a name="FNanchor_49-1" id="FNanchor_49-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_49-1" class="fnanchor">[49-1]</a> and standing in for it, I perceived a
+Bay towards the N.E. end and I made a tack to endeavour
+to look into it. Perceiving that I could not accomplish
+my intentions before night I bore away and ran along the
+shore and sent the tender to reconnoitre, and found,
+opposite to a sandy beach where there was an Indian
+town, she got 25 fathoms about a quarter of a mile from
+the reef, which runs off the place and carries soundings of
+sand regularly in to 5 fathoms.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning a boat was sent to ground in an opening
+in the reef before the town, in which 3 fathoms of water
+was found, and 2&frac12; fathoms within it. This harbour is
+situated on the North side near the middle, but rather
+nearest to the West end.<a name="FNanchor_49-2" id="FNanchor_49-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_49-2" class="fnanchor">[49-2]</a> We were told that there was a
+river there, and another or two between it and the South
+end. We then ran round the West to the S.W. end of the
+island and in the bay there 25 fathoms of water was found,
+the bottom rather foul and bad landing for a ship's
+boat. The natives said there was another, but the boat
+being called on board by signal she did not dare to examine
+into the truth of their report. We found here a native of
+the Friendly Islands, who called himself Fenow, and a
+relation of the chief of that name of Tongataboo.<a name="FNanchor_49-3" id="FNanchor_49-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_49-3" class="fnanchor">[49-3]</a> Fenow
+said he had seen Captain Cook and English ships at the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50"></a>[<a href="./images/50.png">50</a>]</span>
+Friendly Islands, and that the natives of this island had
+never seen a ship before they saw the <i>Pandora</i>. The island
+is more than 30 miles long. A high mountain [4000 feet]
+extends almost from one extremity to the other, which
+tapers down gradually at the ends and sides to the sea
+where it generally terminates in perpendicular cliffs of
+moderate height, except in a few places where there is a
+white beach of coral sand. The natives called the island
+Otewhy;<a name="FNanchor_50-1" id="FNanchor_50-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_50-1" class="fnanchor">[50-1]</a> latitude of Northernmost point 13&deg; 27&#8242; 48&#8243; S.
+Longitude 172&deg; 32&#8242; 13&#8243; W. South Point Latitude 13&deg; 46&#8242;
+18&#8243; S., Longitude 172&deg; 18&#8242; 20&#8243; W., and East point in
+Latitude 13&deg; 32&#8242; 20&#8243; S. and Longitude 172&deg; 2&#8242; W.</p>
+
+<p>On the 21st we saw another island<a name="FNanchor_50-2" id="FNanchor_50-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_50-2" class="fnanchor">[50-2]</a> about 4 leagues to
+the Eastward of this, and there are two small islands
+between them, a small one in the middle and four off its
+East end, three of which are of considerable height. There
+is a greater variety of mountains and valleys in this than
+in Chatham's and it is exceedingly well wooded, and the
+trees of enormous size grow upon the very summits of the
+mountains with spreading heads resembling the oak. The
+same sort of trees were also seen in the same situation
+at Chatham, but not in so great abundance. This island
+is near forty miles long and of considerable breadth. The
+natives called it Oattooah.<a name="FNanchor_50-3" id="FNanchor_50-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_50-3" class="fnanchor">[50-3]</a> Their canoes (although not
+so well finished), language and some of their customs much
+resemble those of the Friendly Islands, but they have some
+peculiar to themselves&mdash;that of dyeing their skins yellow
+and which is a mark of distinction amongst them is <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'one one'">one</ins>
+of them.<a name="FNanchor_50-4" id="FNanchor_50-4"></a><a href="#Footnote_50-4" class="fnanchor">[50-4]</a> The Latitude of the West point is 13&deg; 52&#8242;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51"></a>[<a href="./images/51.png">51</a>]</span>
+25&#8243; S. and Longitude 171&deg; 49&#8242; 13&#8243; W. and the S.E. part in
+Latitude 14&deg; 3&#8242; 30&#8243; S. and Longitude 171&deg; 12&#8242; 50&#8243; W. As
+this island by our account was considerably to the Westward
+of the Navigators' islands, we at first supposed it
+to be a new discovery, but in visiting the other of the
+Navigators' islands discovered by Mons. Bougainville
+and running down again upon this we had reason to
+suppose that the S.E. end of Oattooah had been seen by
+him at a distance, and that it was the last island of the
+group that he saw.<a name="FNanchor_51-1" id="FNanchor_51-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_51-1" class="fnanchor">[51-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>Between five and six o'clock of the evening of the
+22nd June lost sight of our tender in a thick shower of
+rain. Some thought that they saw her light again at eight
+o'clock, but in the morning she was not to be seen. We
+cruised about for her in sight of the island on the 23rd
+and 24th and as I could not find the tender near the place
+where she was first lost, I thought it better to make
+the best of my way to <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Annanooka'">Annamooka</ins>, the place appointed
+as a last rendezvous and to endeavour to get there before
+her, lest her small force should be a temptation to the
+natives to attack her, and accordingly we stood to the
+Southward.<a name="FNanchor_51-2" id="FNanchor_51-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_51-2" class="fnanchor">[51-2]</a> When we were to the Eastward of Oattooah
+we saw another island bearing from us about E.S.E.
+eight leagues. We afterwards knew that this was one
+of the Navigators' islands seen by Mons. Bougainville.
+On the morning of the 28th we saw the Happy [Haapai]
+islands, and before noon a group of islands to the Eastward<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52"></a>[<a href="./images/52.png">52</a>]</span>
+of Annamooka. We passed round to the Southward of
+these islands and ran down between little Annamooka
+and the Fallafagee isles and on the 29th anchored in
+Annamooka Road.</p>
+
+<p>Whilst we were watering the ship, &amp;c. I sent Lt. Hayward
+to the Happy [Haapai] Islands in a double canoe, which I
+hired of Tooboo a chief of these islands for the purpose of
+examining them and to make inquiries after the <i>Bounty</i>
+and the tender, but no intelligence could be got of either
+of these vessels at these two islands, nor at either of the
+Happy islands, and having completed our water and got a
+plentiful supply of yams and a few hogs, we sailed from
+thence on the 10th July. The natives were very daring in
+their thefts, but some of the articles stolen were recovered
+again by the chiefs, yet many of them were entirely lost,
+and as I did not think it proper to carry things to extremities
+on that occasion for fear that too much rigour
+might operate to the disadvantage of the tender should
+she arrive at the island in our absence, which I told them
+I expected she would do, and that I intended to return
+with the ship in about 20 days, and I left a letter of
+instructions for the tender with Moukahkahlah, a resident
+chief, which he promised to deliver. He is not the superior
+chief, but we found him most useful to us and I thought
+him the most worthy of trust.</p>
+
+<p>Whilst we were at Annamooka, Fattahfahe [Fatafehi]<a name="FNanchor_52-1" id="FNanchor_52-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_52-1" class="fnanchor">[52-1]</a>
+the chief of all the islands, and who generally resides at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53"></a>[<a href="./images/53.png">53</a>]</span>
+Tongataboo or Amsterdam Island, came to visit us, as
+did also a great number of the chiefs from the adjacent
+islands and to all of whom I gave presents and also to
+such of their friends and attendances that were introduced
+for the purpose of receiving favours. A person called
+Toobou was the principal person in authority at Annamooka
+when we arrived there. I learned that he belonged
+to Tongataboo, and had little property on the island he
+governed, and I supposed that he was a deputy or minister
+of Fattahfahe who is generally acknowledged to be the
+superior chief of all the islands known under the names
+of the Friendly, Happy, and also of many other islands
+unknown to us. Fattahfahe and Toobou were on board
+the <i>Pandora</i> when she got under way, attended by two
+large double sailing canoes, the largest of which had
+upwards of 40 persons on board. I suppose that they
+came on board to take leave and in expectation of getting
+some additional farewell presents, in which they were
+not disappointed.</p>
+
+<p>I knew that Fattahfahe was shortly going to make a
+tour of the Happy Islands, and as I perceived that he
+was exceedingly well pleased with what I had given him,
+and with his situation and accommodation on board the
+ship, I invited him to come with us to Toofoa [Tofoa]
+and Kaho [Kao], two islands I was then steering for and
+that I intended to visit, as I thought he would be useful
+by procuring us a favourable landing at Toofoa, the
+island whose inhabitants had behaved so treacherously
+to Lt. Bligh when he put in there for refreshments in
+the <i>Bounty's</i> launch. Before the sun set we got within
+a small distance of the island, but it was too late
+for our boats to go on shore, and the canoes were
+sent to the islands to announce the arrival of these
+great chiefs; their coming in the ship I made no doubt
+would increase their consequence, and probably also the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54"></a>[<a href="./images/54.png">54</a>]</span>
+tribute they might think proper to impose on their
+subjects.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning Lt. Corner, attended by the two
+chiefs, was sent on shore at Toofoa to search and to make
+the necessary inquiries after the <i>Bounty</i> and our tender, &amp;c.
+and then to cross the channel which is about three or
+four miles over, and to do the same at Kaho, and when I
+saw the boat put off from Toofoa and stand over for the
+other island I bore away with the ship and ran through the
+channel between the two islands. At four in the afternoon
+Lt. Corner, Fattahfahe and Toobou, returned on
+board without success in their search and inquiries. The
+two chiefs were put on board their canoes, and they made
+sail for the Happy Islands.<a name="FNanchor_54-1" id="FNanchor_54-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_54-1" class="fnanchor">[54-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>I now intended to have visited Tongataboo and the
+other of the Friendly Islands, but, as the wind was
+Southerly and unfavourable for the purpose, I took the
+resolution once more to visit Oattooah, and also the
+Navigators' Islands in search of the <i>Bounty</i> and our
+tender and to endeavour to fall in to the eastward of those<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55"></a>[<a href="./images/55.png">55</a>]</span>
+islands. On the morning of the 12th we discovered a
+cluster of islands bearing from us W. by S. to N.W. by N.,
+but as the wind was favourable for us to proceed I did not
+think it proper to lose time in examining them now, but
+intended to do it on my return to the Friendly Islands.<a name="FNanchor_55-1" id="FNanchor_55-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_55-1" class="fnanchor">[55-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>On the 14th, in the forenoon, we saw three islands,
+which we supposed to be the three first islands seen by
+Mons. Bougainville and part of the cluster called by him
+"Navigators' Islands," the largest of these islands the
+natives called Toomahnuah.<a name="FNanchor_55-2" id="FNanchor_55-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_55-2" class="fnanchor">[55-2]</a> We passed them at a convenient
+distance and several canoes came towards the
+ship, and it was with great difficulty that we prevailed
+on them to come alongside, and still greater difficulty
+to get them into the ship. They brought very few things
+in their canoes except cocoanuts, which I bought, and
+then gave them a few things as presents before they left
+the ship, and after making the necessary inquiries as far
+as our limited knowledge of the language would permit
+us, I proceeded to the Westward and before daylight
+on the morning of the 15th we saw another island. We
+ran down on the North side of it and brought to occasionally
+to find and take on board canoes.</p>
+
+<p>We found the same shyness amongst the natives here
+as at the last islands, but a few presents being given to
+them they at last ventured on board. The island is
+called by them Otootooillah.<a name="FNanchor_55-3" id="FNanchor_55-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_55-3" class="fnanchor">[55-3]</a> It is at least 5 leagues
+long; we supposed it to be another of the islands seen by
+Mons. Bougainville. We got soundings in 53 fathoms<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56"></a>[<a href="./images/56.png">56</a>]</span>
+water, and the depth decreased as we stood in shore, and
+there is probable anchorage on this side of the island
+sheltered from the prevailing winds, but we did not see
+the reef mentioned by Mons. Bougainville to run two
+leagues from the West end.</p>
+
+<p>After making inquiries after the <i>Bounty</i> and tender and
+making presents to our visitors, we steered to the Westward,
+inclining to the North and before night saw Oattooa,
+bearing W.N.W. The South East end of this island was
+also probably seen by Mons. Bougainville, but by his
+description he could only have had a distant and a very
+imperfect view of the island. On the 16th we ran down
+on the South side of it, almost to the West end, and had
+frequent communication with the natives, but could get
+no information relative either to the <i>Bounty</i> or our tender.
+We saw a few of the natives with blue, mulberry and other
+coloured beads about their necks, and we understood
+that they got them from Cook at Tongataboo, one of the
+Friendly Islands. Having finished my business here, I
+stood to the Southward with the intention of visiting
+the group of islands we had discovered on our way hither,
+and we got sight of them again in the afternoon of the
+18th.<a name="FNanchor_56-1" id="FNanchor_56-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_56-1" class="fnanchor">[56-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>On the 19th, in the morning we ran down on the North
+side until we came to an opening through which we could
+see the sea on the opposite side, and a kind of sound is
+formed by some islands to the North East and some
+islands of considerable size to the South West, and in the
+intermediate space there are several small islands and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57"></a>[<a href="./images/57.png">57</a>]</span>
+rocks. On the larboard hand of the North entrance there
+is a shoal, on which the sea appears to break although
+there is from ten to twelve fathoms of water upon it. In
+the other part of the entrance there is forty fathoms of
+water or more. Our boat had only time to examine the
+entrance and the larboard side of the sound, in which there
+are interior bays where about 30 fathoms of water is to be
+found within a cables length of the shore. The branches
+of the sound on the starboard side, and which are yet
+unexamined, appear to promise better anchorage than was
+found on the opposite shore, and should it turn out so,
+it will be by far the safest and best anchorage hitherto
+known amongst the Friendly Islands.<a name="FNanchor_57-1" id="FNanchor_57-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_57-1" class="fnanchor">[57-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>The natives told us there was good water at several
+places within the sound, and there is plenty of wood.
+Several of the inferior chiefs were on board us, amongst
+whom were one of Fattahfahe's and one of Toobou's
+family, but the principal chief of the island was not on
+board, but we supposed he was coming at the time we
+made sail.<a name="FNanchor_57-2" id="FNanchor_57-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_57-2" class="fnanchor">[57-2]</a> They brought on board yams, cocoanuts,
+some bread fruit, and a few hogs and fowls, and would
+have supplied us with more hogs had it been convenient
+for us to have made a longer stay with them, and which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58"></a>[<a href="./images/58.png">58</a>]</span>
+they entreated us much to do. We found them very fair
+in their dealings, very inoffensive and better behaved than
+any savages we had yet seen.</p>
+
+<p>They have frequent communication with Annamooka
+and the other Friendly Islands, and their customs and
+language appear to be nearly the same. I called the
+whole group Howe's Islands. The islands on the larboard
+side of the North entrance I distinguished by the names
+of Barrington<a name="FNanchor_58-1" id="FNanchor_58-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-1" class="fnanchor">[58-1]</a> and Sawyer, two to the starboard side
+with the names of Hotham<a name="FNanchor_58-2" id="FNanchor_58-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-2" class="fnanchor">[58-2]</a> and Jarvis.<a name="FNanchor_58-3" id="FNanchor_58-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-3" class="fnanchor">[58-3]</a> A high island
+a considerable way to the North West I called Gardener's
+island,<a name="FNanchor_58-4" id="FNanchor_58-4"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-4" class="fnanchor">[58-4]</a> and another high island to the South West was
+called Bickerton's island.<a name="FNanchor_58-5" id="FNanchor_58-5"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-5" class="fnanchor">[58-5]</a> There is a small high isle
+about four miles to the S.W. of this, and a small low
+island about five or six miles to the S.E. by E. of
+Gardener's island,<a name="FNanchor_58-6" id="FNanchor_58-6"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-6" class="fnanchor">[58-6]</a> and several islands to the S.E. of the
+islands forming the sound and too several small islands
+within it to which no names were given.</p>
+
+<p>On the 20th at two in the morning, we passed within
+two miles of the small island that lies to the S.E. from
+Gardener's island, and soon after saw Gardener's island,
+on the N.W. side of which there appeared to be tolerable
+good landing on shingle beach, and a little to the right
+of this place, at the upper edge of the cliffs is a volcano,
+from which we observed the smoke issuing. There are
+recent marks of convulsion having happened in the island.
+Some parts of it appear to have fallen in, and other parts
+to be turned upside down. This part of the island is the
+most barren land we have seen in the country.<a name="FNanchor_58-7" id="FNanchor_58-7"></a><a href="#Footnote_58-7" class="fnanchor">[58-7]</a> At nine<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59"></a>[<a href="./images/59.png">59</a>]</span>
+o'clock thought we saw a large island bearing N. by W.
+and I made sail towards it, and as the weather was hazy we
+did not discover our mistake till near noon, when I hauled
+the wind to the Southward. On the 23rd saw an island
+from the masthead which I suppose was one of the
+Pylstaart islands.<a name="FNanchor_59-1" id="FNanchor_59-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_59-1" class="fnanchor">[59-1]</a> On the 26th in the morning saw the
+island of Middleburgh and on the 27th ran in between
+Middleburgh, Eooa and Tongataboo.</p>
+
+<p>Several canoes came on board us from the different
+islands. We were then within half a mile of the last, and
+equally near to the shoals of the second, but not so near
+to Middleburgh, yet we were near enough to see into
+English Road. At these islands we could neither see nor
+get any satisfactory information relative to the objects
+of our search. The natives brought in their canoes, yams,
+cocoanuts and a few small hogs, and I made no doubt that
+I should have been able to procure plenty of these articles
+had it been convenient for me to have stayed at these
+islands. The difficulty in getting in and out of the harbour
+and the indifferent quality of the water were alone
+sufficient objections against my stopping here. The road
+at Annamooka was more convenient for getting out and
+in, and the water, although not of the best quality, is
+reported to be better than that found at Amsterdam
+[Tongatabu], and Annamooka being the place I had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60"></a>[<a href="./images/60.png">60</a>]</span>
+appointed as a rendezvous for the tender I did not hesitate
+in giving the preference to it, and accordingly made the
+best of my way thither, and we saw the Fallafagee islands
+(which lie near Annamooka) [Kotu Group?] before dark,
+and also Toofoa, Kaho and Hoonga Tonga islands to the
+Westward, which are visible at a greater distance.</p>
+
+<p>On the 28th July anchored in Annamooka Road. The
+person who now had the principal authority on the shore
+was a young chief whom we had not seen before. There
+was the same respect paid to him as was paid to Fattahfahe
+and to Toobou; neither of these chiefs nor Moukahkahlah
+were now in the islands, and the natives were now more
+daring in their thefts than ever, and would sometimes
+endeavour to take things by force, and robbed and stripped
+some of our people that were separated from the party.
+Lt. Corner, who commanded the watering and wooding
+parties on shore, received a blow on the head and was
+robbed of a curiosity he had bought and held in his hand,
+and with which the thief was making off. Lt. Corner
+shot the thief in the back, and he fell to the ground;
+at the same instant the natives attempted to take axes
+and a saw from the wooding party, and actually got off
+with two axes, one by force and the other by stealth,
+but they did not succeed in getting the saw. Two muskets
+were fired at the thieves, yet it was supposed that they
+were not hurt, but we are told that the other man died
+of his wound. One of the yawls was on shore at the
+time, and the long boat was landing near her with an
+empty cask. Lt. Corner drew the wooding and watering
+parties towards the boats and then began to load them
+with the wood that was cut.</p>
+
+<p>A boat was sent from the ship to inquire the cause of
+the firing that was heard, but before she returned a canoe
+came from the shore to inform the principal chief (whom
+I had brought on board to dine with me) that one of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61"></a>[<a href="./images/61.png">61</a>]</span>
+natives had been killed by our people. The chief was very
+much agitated at the information, and wanted to get out
+of the cabin windows into the canoe, but I would not
+suffer him to do it and told him I would go on shore with
+him myself in a little time in one of the ship's boats. Our
+boat soon returned and gave me an account of what had
+passed on shore. I told the chief that the Lieutenant
+had been struck, and that he and his party had been
+robbed of several things, and that I was very glad that the
+thief had been shot, and that I should shoot every person
+who attempted to rob us, but that no other person except
+the thief should be hurt by us on that account. The
+axes and some other things that had been stolen before
+were returned and very few robbings of any consequence
+were attempted and discovered until the day of our departure.</p>
+
+<p>I took this opportunity of showing the chief what
+execution the cannon and carronades would do by firing
+a six-pound shot on shore and an eighteen-pounder
+carronade loaded with grape shot into the sea. I afterwards
+went on shore with two boats and took with me
+the chief and his attendants, and before I returned on
+board again told him that I should send on shore the next
+morning for water and wood, and that I should also
+come on shore myself in the course of the day, all which
+he approved of and desired me to do, and accordingly
+the next morning, the 31st July the watering and wooding
+parties were sent on shore and carried on their business
+without interruption, and in the afternoon I went on shore
+myself and made a small present to the chief and to some
+other people.</p>
+
+<p>On the 2nd August, having completed my water, &amp;c.
+and thinking it time to return to England I did not think
+proper to wait any longer for the tender, but left instructions
+for her commander should she happen to arrive after<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62"></a>[<a href="./images/62.png">62</a>]</span>
+my departure, and I sailed from Annamooka, attended by
+a number of chiefs and canoes belonging to those and the
+surrounding islands. After the ship was under way
+some of the natives had the address to get in at the cabin
+windows and stole out of the cabin some books and other
+things, and they had actually got into their canoes before
+they were discovered. The thieves were allowed to make
+their escape, but the canoes that had stolen these things
+were brought alongside and broke up for firewood. During
+this transaction the other natives carried on their traffic
+alongside with as much unconcern as if nothing had
+happened.</p>
+
+<p>I made farewell presents to all the chiefs and to many
+others of different descriptions, and after hauling round
+Annamooka shoals, passed to the Eastward of Toofoa
+and Kaho, and in the morning saw Bickerton's island
+and the small island to the Southward of it. On the 4th,
+in the evening, saw land bearing N.N.W. At first we
+took it to be Keppel's and Boscowen's islands, which I
+intended to visit, and by account was only a few miles
+to the Westward of them. As we approached the land we
+perceived that it was only one island, and as I supposed that
+it was a new discovery I called it Proby's island.<a name="FNanchor_62-1" id="FNanchor_62-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_62-1" class="fnanchor">[62-1]</a> The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63"></a>[<a href="./images/63.png">63</a>]</span>
+hills, of which there are a great many of different heights
+and forms, are planted with cocoanuts and other trees,
+and the houses of a larger size than we had usually seen on
+the islands in these seas; were on the tops of hills of
+moderate height. We passed from S.E. end to the East,
+round to the North and N.W.</p>
+
+<p>Landing appeared to be very indifferent until we came
+near the N.W., where the land formed itself into a kind of
+bay, and where the landing appeared to be better. The
+natives brought on board cocoanuts and plantains, all of
+which I bought, and made them a present of a few articles
+of iron. They told us that they had water, hogs, fowls
+and yams on shore and plenty of wood. They spoke
+nearly the same language as at the Friendly Islands. It
+lies in latitude 15&deg; 53&#8242; S. and longitude 175&deg; 51&#8242; W. I
+was now convinced that I was rather further to the Westward
+than I expected, and examining the island had carried
+me still further that way. I therefore gave up my intention
+of visiting <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Boscawen&#39;s'">Boscowen's</ins> and Keppel's islands,<a name="FNanchor_63-1" id="FNanchor_63-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_63-1" class="fnanchor">[63-1]</a> as the
+regaining the Easting necessary would take up more time
+than would be prudent to allow at this advanced time of
+the season, and as soon as I had made the necessary
+inquiries, &amp;c., after the <i>Bounty</i>, &amp;c., our course was shaped
+with a view to fall in to the Eastward of Wallis' Island,<a name="FNanchor_63-2" id="FNanchor_63-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_63-2" class="fnanchor">[63-2]</a>
+and the next day, the 5th, a little before noon saw that
+island bearing West by South, estimated by the master<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64"></a>[<a href="./images/64.png">64</a>]</span>
+at ten leagues, but I did not myself suppose it to be more
+than seven leagues from us at that time.</p>
+
+<p>Canoes came off to us and brought us cocoanuts and fish,
+which they sold for nails, and I also made them a present
+of some small articles which I always made a rule to do to
+first adventurers, hoping that it might turn out advantageous
+to future visitors, but they went away before I
+had given them all I intended. They told us that there
+was running water, hogs and fowls on shore. They spoke
+the language of the Friendly Islands, and I observed
+that one of the men had both of his little fingers cut off,
+and the flesh over his cheekbones very much bruised
+after the manner of the natives of those islands.<a name="FNanchor_64-1" id="FNanchor_64-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_64-1" class="fnanchor">[64-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>In the evening I bore away and made sail to the Westward
+intending to run between Espiritu Santo and Santa
+Cruz, and to keep between the tracks of Captain Carteret
+and Lt. Bligh, and on the 8th at 10 at night saw land
+bearing from the W. by S. We had no ground at
+110 fathoms. At daylight I bore away and passed round
+the East end and ran down on the South side of the island.
+There is a white beach on these parts of the island on
+which there appears to be tolerable good landing, or better
+than is usually seen on the islands in these seas, and there
+is probably anchorage in different places on this side or
+under the small islands, of which there are several near
+the principal island, but as I did not hoist out the boats
+to sound that still remains a doubt.</p>
+
+<p>There are cocoanut trees all along the shore behind
+the beach, and an uncommon number of boughs amongst
+them. The island is rather high, diversified with hills
+of different forms, some of which might obtain the name
+of mountain, but they are cultivated up to their very
+summits with cocoanut trees and other articles, and the
+island is in general as well or better cultivated and its<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65"></a>[<a href="./images/65.png">65</a>]</span>
+inhabitants more numerous for its size than any of the
+islands we have hitherto seen. The principal island is
+about 7 miles long and three or four broad, but including
+the islands off its East and West ends, and which latter
+are joined to it by a reef, it is about ten miles long. I
+called it Grenville Island [Rotuma], supposing it to be a
+new discovery. Its latitude is 12&deg; 29&#8242; and longitude
+183&deg; 03&#8242; W.</p>
+
+<p>A great number of paddling canoes came off and viewed
+the ship at a distance, and I believed that their intentions
+were at first hostile. They were all armed with clubs and
+they had a great quantity of stones in their canoes which
+they use in battle, and they all occasionally joined in
+a kind of war-whoop. We made signs of peace, and
+offered them a variety of toys which drew them alongside,
+and then into the ship where they behaved very quietly;
+probably the unexpected presents they got from us, and
+our number and strength might operate in favour of peace.
+However, they seemed to have the same propensity to
+thieving as the natives of the other islands, and gave us
+many, some of which ludicrous, examples.</p>
+
+<p>Although at so great a distance they said that they
+were acquainted with the Friendly islands, and had
+learned from them the use of iron.<a name="FNanchor_65-1" id="FNanchor_65-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_65-1" class="fnanchor">[65-1]</a> They were tattooed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66"></a>[<a href="./images/66.png">66</a>]</span>
+in a different manner from the natives of the other islands
+we had visited, having the figure of a fish, birds and a
+variety of other things marked upon their arms. Their
+canoes were not so delicately formed nor so well finished
+as at the Friendly islands, but more resemble those of the
+Duke of York's, the Duke of Clarence's and the Navigators'
+islands. Neither sailing or double canoes came on
+board, neither did we see any of either of these descriptions.
+They told us that water and many other useful things,
+the usual produce of the islands in these seas, could be
+procured on shore.</p>
+
+<p>Their language appeared something to resemble that
+spoken at the Friendly islands, and after asking them
+such questions as we thought necessary, some of which
+probably were not understood perfectly by them, or their
+answers by us, we made sail and continued our course to
+the Westward. No women were seen in the canoes that
+visited us, which curiosity or the hope of getting some
+pleasing toys usually bring to our side, but this is another
+proof that their original intentions were hostile. We
+passed the island in so short a time that those who
+neglected to come out at our first appearance had not
+afterwards the opportunity to visit us.</p>
+
+<p>On the 11th at eleven o'clock in the morning we struck
+soundings on a bank in twelve to fourteen fathoms water
+and at ten minutes after eleven had no ground in one
+hundred and forty fathoms. No land was then in sight,
+nor did we get any soundings after in the course of the
+day. It was called Pandora's Bank, its Latitude 12&deg; 11&#8242; S.
+and Longitude 188&deg; 68&#8242; W.</p>
+
+<p>On the next morning saw a small island which met in
+two high hummocks and a steeple rock which lies high on
+the West side of the hummocks. It obtained the name of
+Mitre Island. The shore appeared to be steep to, and we
+had no bottom at 120 fathoms within three quarters of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67"></a>[<a href="./images/67.png">67</a>]</span>
+mile of the shore. There was no landing place or sign of
+inhabitants. The tops of the hills were covered with
+wood. There was also some on the sides, but not in so
+great an abundance they being too steep and too bare
+of soil in some places to support it. Latitude 11&deg; 49&#8242;
+S. and Longitude 190&deg; 04&#8242; 30&#8243; W.<a name="FNanchor_67-1" id="FNanchor_67-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_67-1" class="fnanchor">[67-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>By nine o'clock we had passed it and steered to the
+Westward, and soon afterwards we saw another island
+bearing N.W. by N. We hauled up to the N.W. to make
+it out more distinctly as it is of considerable height, yet
+not much more than a mile long, and the top and the
+side of the hills very well cultivated and a number of
+houses were seen near the beach in a bay on the South
+side of the island. The beach from the East round to the
+South of the West end is of white sand, but there was then
+too much surf for the ship's boat to land upon it with
+safety. I called it Cherry's Island [Native name: Anula].
+Its Latitude is 11&deg; 37&#8242; S. and Longitude 190&deg; 19&#8242; 30&#8243; W.<a name="FNanchor_67-2" id="FNanchor_67-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_67-2" class="fnanchor">[67-2]</a></p>
+
+<p>On the 13th August a little before noon we saw an
+island bearing about N.W. by N. In general it is high,
+but to the West and North West the mountain tapered
+down to a round point of moderate height. It abounds
+with wood, even the summits of the mountain are covered
+with trees. In the S.E. end there was the appearance of a
+harbour, and from that place the reef runs along the South
+side to the Westernmost extremity. In some places its
+distance is not much more than a mile from the shore, in
+other places it is considerably more. Although we were
+sometimes within less than a mile of the reef we saw
+neither house nor people. The haziness of the weather
+prevented us from seeing objects distinctly, yet we saw
+smoke very plain, from which it may be presumed that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68"></a>[<a href="./images/68.png">68</a>]</span>
+the island is inhabited. It is six or seven leagues long
+and of considerable breadth. I called it Pitt's Island.
+Its Latitude is 11&deg; 50&#8242; 30&#8243; S. South point, and Longitude
+193&deg; 14&#8242; 15&#8243; W.<a name="FNanchor_68-1" id="FNanchor_68-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_68-1" class="fnanchor">[68-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>At midnight between the 16th and 17th of August
+breakers were discovered ahead and upon our bow,
+and not a mile from us. We were lying to and heaving
+the lead at the time and had no ground at 120 fathoms.
+We wore the ship and stood from them and in less than an
+hour after more breakers were seen extending more than a
+point before our lee beam, but we made more sail and so
+got clear of them all. At daylight we put about with the
+intention of examining the breakers we had seen in the
+night and we made two boards, but perceiving that I
+could not weather them without some risk I bore up and
+ran round its N.W. end. It is a double reef enclosing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69"></a>[<a href="./images/69.png">69</a>]</span>
+a space of deeper water like the lagoon islands so common
+in these seas, and probably will become one in the course
+of time. The sea breaks pretty high upon it in different
+parts, but there is no part of the reef absolutely above
+water. It is about seven miles long in the direction of
+N.W. by N. Its breadth is not so much. Called it
+Willis's shoal. It lies in Latitude 12&deg; 20&#8242; S. and Longitude
+200&deg; 2&#8242; W.<a name="FNanchor_69-1" id="FNanchor_69-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_69-1" class="fnanchor">[69-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>We pursued our course to the Westward and on the
+23rd saw the land bearing from N.E. to N. by W. The
+Easternmost land when first seen was ten or twelve
+leagues from us and it cannot be far to the Westward
+of the land seen by Mons. Bougainville and called by him
+Louisiade, and probably joins to it. The cape is in
+Latitude 10&deg; 3&#8242; 32&#8243; S. and Longitude 212&deg; 14&#8242; W., was
+called Cape Rodney and another cape in Latitude 9&deg;
+58&#8242; S. and Longitude 212&deg; 37&#8242; W. was called Cape Hood,
+and an island lying between them was called Mount
+Clarence. After passing Cape Hood the land appears
+lower and to branch off about N.N.W. and to form a
+deep and wide bay, or perhaps a passage through, for we
+saw no other land, and there are doubts whether it joins
+New Guinea or not.<a name="FNanchor_69-2" id="FNanchor_69-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_69-2" class="fnanchor">[69-2]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70"></a>[<a href="./images/70.png">70</a>]</span>I pursued my course to the Westward between the
+Latitudes of 10&deg; and 9&deg; 33&#8242; S. keeping the mouth of Endeavour
+Straits open, by which I hoped to avoid the
+difficulties and dangers experienced by Captain Cook in
+his passage through the reef in a higher latitude, and also
+the difficulties he met with when within in his run from
+thence to the Strait's mouth.<a name="FNanchor_70-1" id="FNanchor_70-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_70-1" class="fnanchor">[70-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>On the 25th August at 9 in the morning, saw
+breakers from the mast head bearing from us W. by S.
+to W.N.W. I hauled up to the Southward and passed
+to the Eastward of them. It runs in the direction of
+W.S.W. and E.N.E. 4&#8242; or 5&#8242;, and another side runs in the
+direction of N.W. the distance unknown. The sea broke
+very moderately upon it, in some places barely perceptibly.
+In the interior part a very small sand-bank was seen from
+the mast-head, and no other part of the reef was above
+water. It obtained the name of Look-Out shoal.<a name="FNanchor_70-2" id="FNanchor_70-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_70-2" class="fnanchor">[70-2]</a></p>
+
+<p>Before noon we saw more breakers which proved to
+be one of those half-formed islands enclosing a lagoon,
+the reef of which was composed principally of very large
+stones, but a sandbank was seen from the mast head
+extending to the Southward of it, and as I could not
+weather it and seeing another opening to the Westward,
+I steered to the W.S.W., and a little before two o'clock saw<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71"></a>[<a href="./images/71.png">71</a>]</span>
+the island to the Westward of us, and another reef bearing
+about S.W. by South and I then steered W. &frac12; N. until half
+past five, when a reef was seen extending from the island a
+considerable way to the N.W., the island bearing then
+about W.S.W. I immediately hauled upon the wind in
+order to pass to the Southward of it, and seeing a passage
+to the Northward obstructed<a name="FNanchor_71-1" id="FNanchor_71-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_71-1" class="fnanchor">[71-1]</a> I stood on and off, and
+was still during the night, and in the morning bore away;
+but as we drew near we also saw a reef extending to the
+Southward from the South end of the island. I ran to
+the Southward along the reef with the intention and
+expectation of getting round it, and the whole day was
+spent without succeeding in my purpose and without
+seeing the end of the reef, or any break in it that gave the
+least hopes of a channel fit for a ship.<a name="FNanchor_71-2" id="FNanchor_71-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_71-2" class="fnanchor">[71-2]</a></p>
+
+<p>The islands, which I called Murray's Islands, are four
+in number, two of them are of considerable height and may
+be seen twelve leagues. The principal island is not more
+than three miles long. It is well wooded and at the top
+of the highest hill the rocks have the appearance of a
+fortified garrison. The other high island is only a single
+mountain almost destitute of trees and verdure. The
+other two are only crazy barren rocks. We saw three two
+mast boats under sail near the reef, which we supposed
+belong to the islands. Murray Islands lie in Latitude
+9&deg; 57&#8242; S. and Longitude 216&deg; 43&#8242; W. We kept turning to
+the Southward along the reef until the 28th in search
+of a channel and in the forenoon of that day we thought<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72"></a>[<a href="./images/72.png">72</a>]</span>
+we saw an opening through the reef near a white sandy
+island or key, and a little before Lt. Corner was sent in the
+yawl to examine it. At <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'threequarters'">three quarters</ins> past four he made
+the signal that there was a channel through the reef fit
+for a ship, and after a signal was made and repeated for
+the boat to return on board, and after dark false fires and
+muskets were fired from the ship, and answered with
+muskets by the boat repeatedly to point out the situation
+of each other. We sounded frequently but had no
+ground at 110 fathoms.</p>
+
+<p>At about twenty minutes after seven the boat was seen
+close in under our stern and at the same time we got
+soundings in 50 fathoms water. We immediately made
+sail, but before the tacks were on board and the sails
+trimmed the ship struck upon the reef when we were
+getting 4&frac14; less 2 fathoms water on the larboard side,
+and 3 fathoms on the starboard side. Got out the boats
+with a view to carrying out an anchor, but before it
+could be effected the ship struck so heavily on the reef
+that the carpenters reported that she made 18 inches of
+water in five minutes, and in five minutes after there was
+four feet of water in the hold. Finding the leak increase
+so fast found it necessary to turn all hands to the pumps
+and to bale at the different hatchways. She still continued
+to gain upon us so much that under an hour and
+a half after she had struck there was eight feet of water in
+the hold, and we perceived that the ship had beat over
+the reef where we had 10 fathoms water. We let go the
+small bower and veered away the cable and let go the
+best bower under foot in 15 fathoms water to steady
+the ship. At this time the water only gained upon us in
+a small degree and we flattered ourselves for some time
+that by the assistance of a top sail which we were preparing
+and intended to haul under the ship's bottom we
+might be able to free her of water, but these flattering<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73"></a>[<a href="./images/73.png">73</a>]</span>
+hopes did not continue long, for as she settled in the water
+the leaks increased and in so great a degree that there was
+reason to apprehend that she would sink before daylight.</p>
+
+<p>In the course of the night two of the pumps were for some
+time rendered useless, one, however was repaired, and we
+continued baling and pumping the remainder of the night
+and every effort was made to keep her afloat.<a name="FNanchor_73-1" id="FNanchor_73-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_73-1" class="fnanchor">[73-1]</a> Daylight
+fortunately appeared and gave us the opportunity to see
+our situation and the surrounding danger. Our boats
+were kept astern of the ship; a small quantity of provisions
+and other necessaries were put into them, rafts
+were made, and all floating things upon the deck were
+unlashed. At half past six the hold was filled with water,
+and water was between decks and it also washed in at
+the upper deck ports, and there were strong indications
+that the ship was upon the very point of sinking, and we
+began to leap overboard and to take to the boats, and
+before everybody could get out of her the ship actually
+sank.<a name="FNanchor_73-2" id="FNanchor_73-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_73-2" class="fnanchor">[73-2]</a> The boats continued astern on the ship in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74"></a>[<a href="./images/74.png">74</a>]</span>
+direction of the drift of the tide from here, and took
+up the people that had held on to the rafts or other
+floating things that had been cast loose for the purpose
+of supporting them in the water.<a name="FNanchor_74-1" id="FNanchor_74-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_74-1" class="fnanchor">[74-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>We loaded two of the boats with people and sent them
+to the island, or rather key, about three or four miles from
+the ship, and then other two boats remained near the ship
+for some time and picked up all the people that could be
+seen and then followed the two first boats to the key, and
+after landing the people, &amp;c. the boats were immediately
+sent again to look about the wreck and the adjoining
+reefs for missing people, but they returned without having
+found a single person. On mustering we discovered that
+89 of the ship's company and 10 of the pirates that were on
+board were saved, and that 31<a name="FNanchor_74-2" id="FNanchor_74-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_74-2" class="fnanchor">[74-2]</a> of the ship's company<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75"></a>[<a href="./images/75.png">75</a>]</span>
+and 4 pirates were lost with the ship. The boats were
+hauled up and secured to fit them for the intended run
+to Timor; an account was taken of the provision and other
+articles saved, and they were spread to dry, and we put
+ourselves to the following allowance, to 3 ounces of bread,
+which was occasionally reduced to 2 ounces, to half an
+ounce of portable soup, to half an ounce of essence of
+malt, (but these two articles were not served until after
+we left the key, and they were at other times withheld),
+to two small glasses of water and one of wine.</p>
+
+<p>On the afternoon of the 30th sent a boat to the wreck
+to see if anything could be procured. She returned
+with the head of the T.G. mast, a little of the T.G. rigging,
+and part of the chain of the lightning conductor, but
+without a single article of provision. The boat was also
+sent to examine the channel through the reef &amp;c. and was
+afterwards sent a-fishing. She lost her grapnel, but no
+fish were caught.</p>
+
+<p>On the 31st the boats were completed and were launched,
+and we put everything we had saved on board of them and
+at half past ten in the forenoon we embarked, 30 on board
+the launch, 25 in the pinnace, 23 in one yawl and 21 in
+the other yawl.<a name="FNanchor_75-1" id="FNanchor_75-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_75-1" class="fnanchor">[75-1]</a> We steered N.W. by W. and W.N.W.
+within the reef. This channel through the reef is better
+than any hitherto known, besides the advantage it has<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76"></a>[<a href="./images/76.png">76</a>]</span>
+of being situated further to the North, by which many
+difficulties would be avoided when within the reef. In
+the run from thence to the entrance of Endeavour Straits
+there is a small white island or key on the larboard end
+of the channel, which lies in Latitude 11&deg; 23&#8242; S., the sides
+are strong and irregular.</p>
+
+<p>On the 1st September in the morning saw land, which
+probably was the continent of New South Wales. The
+yawls were sent on shore to ground and look out. They
+saw a run of water, landed and filled their two barricois,
+which were the only vessels of consequence they had with
+them, and I steered for an island called by Lt. Bligh
+Mountainous Island, and when joined by the boats ran
+into a bay of that island where we saw Indians on the
+beach. The water was shoal and the Indians waded off
+to the boats. I gave them some presents and made them
+sensible that we were in want of water. They brought
+us a vessel filled with water which we had given them for
+the purpose, and they returned to fill it again. They
+used many signs to signify that they wished us to land,
+but we declined their invitation from motives of
+prudence.</p>
+
+<p>Just as a person was entering the water with the second
+vessel of fresh water, an arrow was discharged at us by
+another person, which struck my boat on the quarter,
+and perceiving that they were collecting bows and arrows
+a volley of small arms was fired at them which put them
+to flight. I did not think proper to land and get water
+by force as land was seen at that time in different directions,
+which by appearance was likely to produce that
+article, and which I flattered myself we might be able
+to procure without being drove to that extremity. I
+therefore ran close along the shore of this island and
+landed at different places at some distance from the former
+situation. I also landed at another island near it which I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77"></a>[<a href="./images/77.png">77</a>]</span>
+called Plum Island<a name="FNanchor_77-1" id="FNanchor_77-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_77-1" class="fnanchor">[77-1]</a> from its producing a species of that
+fruit, but we were unsuccessful in finding the article we
+were in search of, and in so much want of.</p>
+
+<p>In the evening we steered for the islands which we
+supposed were those called by Captain Cook the Prince
+of Wales' Islands, and before midnight came to a grapnel
+with the boats near one of these islands, in a large sound
+formed by several of the surrounding islands, to several
+of which we gave names, and called the sound Sandwich
+Sound.<a name="FNanchor_77-2" id="FNanchor_77-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_77-2" class="fnanchor">[77-2]</a> It is fit for the reception of ships, having from
+five to seven fathoms of water. There is plenty of wood
+on most of the islands, and by digging we found very
+good water. On the flat part of a large island which I
+called Lafory's Island,<a name="FNanchor_77-3" id="FNanchor_77-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_77-3" class="fnanchor">[77-3]</a> situated on the larboard hand as
+we entered the sound from the Eastward we saw a burying
+place and several wolves<a name="FNanchor_77-4" id="FNanchor_77-4"></a><a href="#Footnote_77-4" class="fnanchor">[77-4]</a> near the watering place,
+but we saw no natives. Here we filled our vessels with
+water and made two canvas bags in which we also put
+water, but with this assistance we had barely the means
+to take a gallon of water for each man in the boats. We
+sent our kettles on shore and made tea and portable
+broth, and a few oysters were picked off the rocks with
+which we made a comfortable meal, indeed the only
+one we had made since the day before we left the ship.</p>
+
+<p>On the 2nd September at half past three in the afternoon
+we stood out of the North entrance of the sound.
+Before five we saw a reef extending from the North to
+the W.N.W. and which appeared to run in the latter
+direction or more to the Westward.<a name="FNanchor_77-5" id="FNanchor_77-5"></a><a href="#Footnote_77-5" class="fnanchor">[77-5]</a> On the edge of
+this reef we had 3&frac14; fathoms of water and after hauling to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78"></a>[<a href="./images/78.png">78</a>]</span>
+the S.W. we soon deepened our water to 5 fathoms. Besides
+Mountainous and West Islands seen by Lt. Bligh
+we saw several other islands between the North and the
+West, one of which I called Hawkesbury Island. We
+saw several large turtle.</p>
+
+<p>In the evening we saw the Northernmost extremity of
+New South Wales, which forms the South side of Endeavour
+Straits. At night the boats took each other in
+tow and we steered to the Westward.</p>
+
+<p>It is unnecessary to retail our particular sufferings in
+the boats during our run to Timor and it is sufficient to
+observe that we suffered more from heat and thirst than
+from hunger, and that our strength was greatly decreased.<a name="FNanchor_78-1" id="FNanchor_78-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_78-1" class="fnanchor">[78-1]</a>
+We fortunately had good weather, and the sea was generally
+not very rough, and the boats were more buoyant and
+lively in the water that we reasonably could have expected
+considering the weight and numbers we had in them.</p>
+
+<p>At seven o'clock in the morning of the 13th September
+we saw the island of Timor bearing N.W. We continued
+our course to the W.N.W. till noon, but the other boats
+hauled for the land and we separated from them. At
+one o'clock we were well in with the land and a party was
+sent on shore in search of water, but none was found
+here, nor at several other places we examined as we passed
+along the coast, until the next morning, when good water
+was found. We also bought a few small fish, which when
+divided afforded some two or three ounces per man.
+Here the launch joined us again. They informed us that
+they had got a supply of water the evening before.</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th in the morning saw the island of Rotte.
+At half past three in the afternoon entered the Straits<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79"></a>[<a href="./images/79.png">79</a>]</span>
+of Samoa. Before midnight we came to a grapnel off
+the float or Coopang and found here one ship, a ketch
+and two or three small craft. The launch separated from
+us soon after dark to get up to Coopang the next day
+in the forenoon. On the morning of the 16th by our
+account (which was the 17th in this country) at daylight
+we hailed the fort and informed them whom we were.
+A small boat was sent to us, and myself and Lt. Hayward
+landed at the usual place near the Chinese Temple
+where we were received by the Lt. Governor, Mr. Fruy
+and Mr. Bouberg, Capt. Lieutenant of a Company ship
+that lay in the road, and conducted by them to Governor
+Wanjon, who received us with great humanity and goodness
+of heart. Refreshments were immediately prepared
+for myself and the lieutenant. Provision was provided,
+the people ordered to land, and they all dined in the
+Governor's own house, and an arrangement was made for
+the reception and accommodation of the whole party
+as they arrived.</p>
+
+<p>The church and the church-yard was assigned for the
+use of the private seamen, a house was hired for the
+warrant and petty officers. The people that were ill
+were put under the care of Mr. Zimers, the Surgeon-General.
+Governor Wanjon did me and Lt. Hayward
+the honour of lodging and entertaining us in his own
+house. Mr. Corner, the second Lieutenant and Mr.
+Bentham, the Purser, were received in the house of
+Mr. Fruy, the Lieutenant-Governor. Lt. Larkin and Mr.
+Passmore were taken into the house of Mr. Brouberg,
+the Captain-Lieutenant of the Company ship, and Mr.
+Hamilton, the surgeon, was accommodated in the house
+of Mr. Zimers, the <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Surgeon General'">Surgeon-General</ins>, and Governor Wanjon
+did everything in his power to supply our present wants,
+or that would contribute to the re-establishment of our
+health and strength and even to our amusement, and this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80"></a>[<a href="./images/80.png">80</a>]</span>
+benevolent example was followed by Mr. Fruy, the
+Lieutenant-Governor and the other gentlemen of the place.
+Two months' provision was provided for the ship's company
+and put on board the <i>Remberg</i> [<i>Rembang</i>], a Dutch
+East India Company ship, and we embarked on board
+the same ship for Batavia on the 6th October, 1791.<a name="FNanchor_80-1" id="FNanchor_80-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_80-1" class="fnanchor">[80-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>Before we sailed Governor Wanjon delivered to me
+eight men, one woman and two children who came to
+Coopang in June last in a six-oared cutter. They are
+supposed to be late deserters from the colony at Port
+Jackson. Food bills were given on the different departments
+of the Navy for the provisions and other necessaries
+we were supplied with at Coopang and also for the maintenance
+and cloathing of the convicts. I sold one of the yawls
+to the Lieutenant-Governor and the longboat and the
+other yawl to the Commander of the <i>Remberg</i>, the ship in
+which we embarked. The latter was not to be delivered
+up until I left Batavia, and I shall make myself accountable
+to the Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy for the
+amount. As I could take no more boats with me and the
+pinnace being out of repair, I left her with the Governor
+Wanjon with permission to do with her what he thought
+proper.</p>
+
+<p>We stopped at Samarang, being an island of Java,
+where we had the good fortune to be joined by our tender
+that had separated from us off the island of Oattoah.
+She had all her people on board except one man, whom<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81"></a>[<a href="./images/81.png">81</a>]</span>
+they had buried a few days before. She had been stopped
+at Java on suspicion, and they were going to send her to
+Batavia. Mr. Overstratin, the Governor of the place,
+delivered her up to me. The tender had contracted
+a small debt for provisions &amp;c. at Java, which I shall
+discharge. She fell in to the Westward of Annamooka,
+the island I had appointed to rendezvous on, without
+seeing it, and then steered two days to the Westward
+nearly in its latitude and fell in with an island which I
+suppose must be one of the Fiji Islands, where they had
+waited for me five weeks, and then proceeded through
+Endeavour Straits and intended to stop at Batavia.
+With the iron and salt I had provided them with they were
+enabled to procure and preserve sufficient provision for
+their run to Java.</p>
+
+<p>I arrived at Batavia on the 7th November and on
+application to the Governor and Council my people were
+put on board a Dutch East India Company's ship that
+was lying in the Road to be kept there until they could
+be sent to Europe, and the sick were ordered to be received
+by the Company's hospital at Batavia, and I have since
+agreed with the Dutch East India Company to divide
+my ship's company into four parts, and to embark them
+on board four of their ships for Holland at no expense to
+the Government further than for the officers and prisoners,
+which appeared to me to be the most eligible and least
+expensive way of getting to England. Lt. Larkin, two
+petty officers, and eighteen seamen embarked on the <i>Zwan</i>,
+a Dutch East India ship on the 19th November and are
+sailing for Europe, and myself and the remainder of the
+<i>Pandora's</i> company and the prisoners are to embark as
+soon as their ships are manned. Myself and the pirates
+are to embark on board the <i>Vreedenberg</i>, Captain Christian
+and I have stipulated that myself and the prisoners may
+be at liberty to go on board any of His Majesty's ships,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82"></a>[<a href="./images/82.png">82</a>]</span>
+or other vessels we may meet with on mine or my officer's
+application for the purpose.</p>
+
+<p>Enclosed is the latitudes and longitudes of several
+islands, &amp;c. we discovered during our voyage, the state
+of the <i>Pandora's</i> company, a list of pirates belonging to
+the <i>Bounty</i>, taken at Otaheite and a list of convicts,
+deserters from the colony at Port Jackson. It may be
+necessary to observe that these last have several names,
+and that William Bryant and James Cox pretend that their
+time of transportation has expired, but these two then
+found a boat and money to procure necessaries to enable
+themselves and others to escape, for which I presume they
+are liable to punishment, and think it my duty to give
+information.</p>
+
+<p>Although I have not had the good fortune to fully
+accomplish the object of my voyage, and that it has in
+other respects been strongly marked with great misfortunes,
+I hope it will be thought that the first is not for
+want of perseverence, or the latter for want of the care
+and attention of myself and those under my command,
+but that the disappointment and misfortune arose from
+the difficulties and peculiar circumstances of the service
+we were upon; that those of my orders I have been able
+to fulfil, with the discoveries that have been made will be
+some compensation for the disappointment and misfortunes
+that have attended us, and should their Lordships
+upon the whole think that the voyage will be profitable
+to our country it will be a great consolation to,</p>
+
+<p class="center">Sir,</p>
+<p class="right">Your most humble and obedient servant,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards</span>.&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+<p>Philip Stevens Esq."</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83"></a>[<a href="./images/83.png">83</a>]</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="right">"Cape of Good Hope,&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<br />
+19th March, 1792.</p>
+
+<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>Agreeable to my intentions which I did myself
+the honour to signify to you in a letter addressed from
+Batavia and sent by a Dutch packet bound to Europe,
+I embarked the remainder of the Company of His Majesty's
+ship <i>Pandora</i>, pirates late belonging to the <i>Bounty</i> and
+the convicts deserters from Port Jackson, on board three
+Dutch East India ships as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Myself, the master, Purser, Gunner, Clerk, two midshipmen,
+twentyone seamen, and ten pirates on board the
+<i>Vreedenburg</i>, bound to Amsterdam.</p>
+
+<p>Lt. Corner, the surgeon, three midshipmen, fourteen
+seamen, and half the convicts on board the <i>Horssen</i>,
+bound to Rotterdam, and Lt. Hayward, the boatswain,
+surgeon's mate, three midshipmen, fifteen seamen and the
+other half of the convicts on board the <i>Hoornwey</i>, bound
+to Rotterdam.</p>
+
+<p>Lt. Larkin with two petty officers and eighteen seamen
+were embarked on board the <i>Zwan</i> and sailed from
+Batavia previous to the date of my former letter, and I
+am now informed that she has been at this port and sailed
+from hence for Europe more than a month before my
+arrival.</p>
+
+<p>I found His Majesty's Ship <i>Gorgon</i> here on her return
+from Port Jackson, and on account both of expedition
+and greater security I intend to avail myself of the opportunity
+to embark on board of her with the ten pirates
+for England, and I request that you will be pleased to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84"></a>[<a href="./images/84.png">84</a>]</span>
+communicate the circumstances to My Lords Commissioners
+of the Admiralty.</p>
+
+<p class="center">I have the honour to be, Sir,</p>
+<p class="right">Your most obedient and humble servant,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards</span>."&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="right">"Admiralty Office,&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<br />
+June, 19th 1792.</p>
+
+<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>I beg leave to inform you that I found His Majesty's
+Ship <i>Gorgon</i> at the Cape of Good Hope on my arrival
+there in the <i>Vreedenburg</i>, a Dutch East India Company's
+ship, from Batavia, and I thought it proper to remove the
+pirates late belonging to His Majesty's armed vessel,
+the <i>Bounty</i>, and the convicts, deserters from Port Jackson
+(whom I had under my charge on board the Dutch East
+India Company's ships) into His Majesty's said ship, for
+their greater security, and I took the same opportunity
+myself to embark on board on her for England and I
+hope that these steps will be approved of by their Lordships.</p>
+
+<p>I gave you an account of my arrival at the Cape of
+Good Hope and of my intentions to embark on board the
+<i>Gorgon</i> with the pirates, convicts, &amp;c. in a letter which I
+did myself the honour to address to you from thence and
+sent by the <i>Baring</i>, Thomas Fingey, Master, an American
+ship bound to Ostend.</p>
+
+<p>Inclosed is the state of the company of His Majesty's
+Ship <i>Pandora</i> at the time I left the Cape of Good Hope,
+and the manner in which they were disposed of on board
+Dutch East India Company's ships in order to be brought
+to Europe and also a list of the pirates late belonging to
+the <i>Bounty</i>, and of the convicts, deserters from Port
+Jackson, delivered to me by Mr. Wanjon, the Governor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85"></a>[<a href="./images/85.png">85</a>]</span>
+of the Dutch settlements in the island of Timor, now on
+board His Majesty's Ship <i>Gorgon</i>.</p>
+
+<p>I arrived yesterday evening at St. Helens, left the
+<i>Gorgon</i>, and landed at Portsmouth last night and I am
+now at this office awaiting their Lordships' Commands.</p>
+
+<p class="center">And I have the honour to be, Sir,</p>
+<p class="right">Your most obedient and humble servant,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards</span>.&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+<p>Philip Stevens, Esq."</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">A list</span> of convicts, deserters from Port Jackson, delivered
+to Captain Edward Edwards of His Majesty's Ship
+<i>Pandora</i> by Timotheus Wanjon, Governor of the
+Dutch Settlements at Timor, 5th October, 1791.</p>
+
+<ul class="plain"><li>William Allen,&ensp;On board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>John Butcher,&ensp;On board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>Nathaniel Lilley,&ensp;On board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>James Martin,&ensp;On board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>Mary Bryant. Transported by the name of Mary Broad.&ensp;On board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>William Morton, Dd on board Dutch East India Co.'s ship, <i>Hoornwey</i>.</li>
+<li>William Bryant, Dd 22nd December 1791, Hospital Batavia.</li>
+<li>James Cox, Dd, fell overboard Straits of Sunda.</li>
+<li>John Simms, Dd on board Dutch East India Co.'s ship <i>Hoornwey</i>.</li>
+<li>Children of the above William and Mary Bryant.<ul class="plain">
+  <li>Emanuel Bryant, Dd 1st December 1791, Batavia.</li>
+  <li>Charlotte Bryant, Dd 6th May 1792 on board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li></ul></li></ul>
+
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards.</span>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86"></a>[<a href="./images/86.png">86</a>]</span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">A list</span> of one Petty Officer and four Seamen lost in a
+cutter belonging to His Majesty's Ship <i>Pandora</i>, at
+Palmerston's Island on the 24th May, 1791.</p>
+
+<ul class="plain"><li>John Sival, Midshipman.</li>
+<li>James Good, Seamen.</li>
+<li>William Wasdel, Seamen.</li>
+<li>James Scott, Seamen.</li>
+<li>Joseph Cunningham, Seamen.</li></ul>
+
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edw. Edwards.</span>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">List</span> of Pirates late belonging to His Majesty's ship
+<i>Bounty</i> taken by His Majesty's Ship <i>Pandora</i>,
+Captain Edward Edwards, at Otaheite.</p>
+
+<ul class="plain"><li>Joseph Coleman, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>Peter Haywood, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>Michael Burn, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>James Morrison, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>Charles Norman, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>. </li>
+<li>Thomas Ellison, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>Thomas MacIntosh, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>William Muspratt, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>Thomas Burkitt, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>John Millward, On Board H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>.</li>
+<li>George Stewart, 29th August 1791, lost with ship.</li>
+<li>Richard Skinner, 29th August 1791, lost with ship.</li>
+<li>Henry Heilbrant, 29th August 1791, lost with ship.</li>
+<li>John Sumner, 29th August 1791, lost with ship.</li></ul>
+
+<p class="right">(Signed) <span class="smcap">Edward Edwards</span>.&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87"></a>[<a href="./images/87.png">87</a>]</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">State</span> of the Company of H.M.S. <i>Pandora</i>, Captain
+Edward Edwards: and the manner disposed of on
+board Dutch East India Company's Ships for their
+voyage to Europe.</p>
+
+<div class='centered'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="State of the Company of H.M.S. Pandora">
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>Com. Off. &amp; Master.</td><td align='right'>Warrant Officers.</td><td align='right'>Petty Officers.</td><td align='right'>Seamen.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Zwan, Lt. John Larkan,</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>17</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Horssen, Lt. Robert Corner,</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>13</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mr. George Hamilton Surgeon.</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hornwey, Lt. Thos. Hayward,</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>John Cunningham, Boatswain,</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>14</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Vreedenberg, Mr. G. Passmore, Master,</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mr. Gregory Bentham, Purser, Mr. Jos.</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>18</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Parker gunner and 1 Supernumary belonging to H.M. armed vessel <i>Supply</i>.</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hospital at Batavia,</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>1</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>H.M.S. <i>Gorgon</i>, Captain Edwards,</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>1</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>64</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<div class='centered'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Pandora Company">
+<tr><td align='left'>Whole Number borne,</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Died since ship was lost,</td><td align='right'>16</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Discharged,</td><td align='right'>1</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Whole number Ship's company saved in ship and tender</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Supernumaries.</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Do. Pirates,</td><td align='right'>10</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Convicts, 4 men and 1 woman</td><td align='right'>5</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edward Edwards.</span>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88"></a>[<a href="./images/88.png">88</a>]</span></p>
+
+<p class="right">"No. 8, Craven Street,&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<br />
+Strand,&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<br />
+9th July, 1792.</p>
+
+<p>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>I beg leave to acquaint you that I have information
+that the <i>Vreedenburg</i> and the <i>Horssen</i>, two Dutch East India
+Company's ships, on board of which part of the company of
+His Majesty's ship <i>Pandora</i> are embarked, were off the
+Start on the 5th of this month, on their way to Holland,
+and that the <i>Hoornwey</i>, the ship on board which the remainder
+of the company of the <i>Pandora</i> were embarked,
+was expected to sail from the Cape of Good Hope in about
+three weeks after the two former ships left that place,
+but the account does not mention the day they left the
+Cape themselves.</p>
+
+<p class="center">I have the honour to be, Sir,</p>
+<p class="right">Your most obedient and humble servant,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Edward Edwards</span>."&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p><span class="smcap">List</span> of islands and places discovered by H.M.S. <i>Pandora</i>,
+with their latitudes and longitudes.</p>
+
+<div class='centered'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Islands discovered by H.M.S. Pandora">
+<tr><td align='left'>Names of Islands.</td><td align='left'>Lat. S.</td><td align='left'>Long. W.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Ducie Island,</td><td align='left'>24&deg; 40&#8242; 30&#8243;</td><td align='left'>124&deg; 40&#8242; 30&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lord Hood's Island,</td><td align='left'>21&deg; 31&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>135&deg; 32&#8242; 30&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Carysfort Island,</td><td align='left'>20&deg; 49&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>138&deg; 33&#8242; 00&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Duke of Clarence Island,</td><td align='left'>9&deg; 09&#8242; 30&#8243;</td><td align='left'>171&deg; 30&#8242; 46&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Otewhy or Chatham,</td><td align='left'>13&deg; 32&#8242; 30&#8243;</td><td align='left'>172&deg; 18&#8242; 25&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Howe's Isles,</td><td align='left'>18&deg; 32&#8242; 30&#8243;</td><td align='left'>173&deg; 53&#8242; 00&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Gardener's Isles,</td><td align='left'>17&deg; 57&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>175&deg; 16&#8242; 54&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bickerton's Isle,</td><td align='left'>18&deg; 47&#8242; 40&#8243;</td><td align='left'>174&deg; 48&#8242; 00&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Onooafow or Probys Isle,</td><td align='left'>15&deg; 53&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>175&deg; 51&#8242; 00&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rotumah or Grenville Isles,</td><td align='left'>12&deg; 29&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>183&deg; 03&#8242; 00&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Pandora's Bank,</td><td align='left'>12&deg; 11&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>188&deg; 08&#8242; 00&#8243;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89"></a>[<a href="./images/89.png">89</a>]</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mitre Island,</td><td align='left'>11&deg; 49&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>190&deg; 04&#8242; 30&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cherry Island,</td><td align='left'>11&deg; 37&#8242; 30&#8243;</td><td align='left'>190&deg; 19&#8242; 30&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Pitt's Isle (South Point),</td><td align='left'>11&deg; 50&#8242; 30&#8243;</td><td align='left'>193&deg; 14&#8242; 05&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wells Shoal on reef,</td><td align='left'>12&deg; 20&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>202&deg; 02&#8242; 00&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cape Rodney,</td><td align='left'>10&deg; 03&#8242; 32&#8243;</td><td align='left'>212&deg; 14&#8242; 05&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mount Clarence between the two Orayas.</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cape Hood,</td><td align='left'>9&deg; 58&#8242; 06&#8243;</td><td align='left'>212&deg; 37&#8242; 10&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Look Out Shoal.</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Stoney Reef Islands.</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Murray's Islands,</td><td align='left'>9&deg; 57&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>216&deg; 43&#8242; 00&#8243;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wreck Reef.</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Escape Key,</td><td align='left'>11&deg; 23&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Entrance Key,</td><td align='left'>11&deg; 23&#8242; 00&#8243;</td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edward Edwards.</span>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p><span class="smcap">A list</span> of 14 pirates, belonging to H.M.S. late ship <i>Bounty</i>,
+taken at Otaheite.</p>
+
+<ul class="plain"><li>Joseph Coleman.</li>
+<li>Peter Haywood.</li>
+<li>Michael Byrne.</li>
+<li>James Morrison.</li>
+<li>Charles Norman.</li>
+<li>Thomas Ellison.</li>
+<li>Thomas M'Intosh.</li>
+<li>William Muspratt.</li>
+<li>Thomas Burkitt.</li>
+<li>John Millward.</li>
+<li>George Stewart, D/d drowned August 29th 1791.</li>
+<li>Richard Skinner, D/d drowned August 29th 1791.</li>
+<li>Henry Hillbrant, D/d drowned August 29th 1791.</li>
+<li>John Sumner, D/d drowned August 29th 1791.</li></ul>
+
+
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Edward Edwards.</span>&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;&ensp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30-1" id="Footnote_30-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30-1"><span class="label">[30-1]</span></a> They sighted Easter Island on March 4th, 1791, Ducie's Island on
+the 16th, Hoods' Island on the 17th, and Carysfort on the 19th. The
+latitude and description of Ducie's Island leaves little doubt that it
+was the first island discovered by Quiros on January 26th, 1606 and
+called by him Luna Puesta. It appears as Encarna&ccedil;ion in Espinosa's
+chart. Quiros thus describes it: "A buen juzgar dista de Lima ochocientas
+leguas: tiene cinco de boj, mucha arboleda y playas de arena,
+y junto &aacute; tierra fondo de ochenta brazas." Had Edwards but sailed
+due west from Ducie Island he must have sighted Pitcairn and discovered
+the hiding-place of Fletcher Christian's ill-fated colony.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_31-1" id="Footnote_31-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31-1"><span class="label">[31-1]</span></a> An American vessel.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33-1" id="Footnote_33-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33-1"><span class="label">[33-1]</span></a> Morrison was Boatswain's Mate of the <i>Bounty</i>. He had previously
+served as midshipman in the navy, and by talent and education he was
+far above the station he held in Bligh's ship. It was he who planned
+and directed the building of the fast-sailing little schooner which acted
+as the <i>Pandora's</i> tender, was the first vessel to anchor in Fiji, and made
+the record passage from China to the Sandwich Islands. Morrison was
+chaplain as well as foreman to the little band of shipwrights. On
+Sundays he hoisted the English colours on a staff and read the Church
+Service to them. He kept a journal, not only throughout the <i>Bounty's</i>
+cruise, but during his sojourn with the mutineers in Tahiti, and, though
+it is not explained how he contrived to preserve it through the wreck
+of the <i>Pandora</i> and the boat voyage, there can be no doubt that it was
+a genuine document. At Captain Heywood's death it passed with his
+other papers to his daughters. This journal has been annotated and
+corrected by another hand, probably Heywood's own, but without
+material alteration of the sense. It is filled with acrimony against
+Bligh from the outset of the <i>Bounty's</i> cruise, and the form of the
+entries shows that it was intended to be the basis for laying serious
+charges against him when the ship was paid off. It is needless to add
+that it does not spare Edwards in respect of his treatment of his
+prisoners.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_36-1" id="Footnote_36-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36-1"><span class="label">[36-1]</span></a> The <i>Pandora</i> found one of them at Palmerston Island.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37-1" id="Footnote_37-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37-1"><span class="label">[37-1]</span></a> Executed at Portsmouth.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37-2" id="Footnote_37-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37-2"><span class="label">[37-2]</span></a> Pardoned.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37-3" id="Footnote_37-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37-3"><span class="label">[37-3]</span></a> Acquitted.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37-4" id="Footnote_37-4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37-4"><span class="label">[37-4]</span></a> Drowned in the wreck of the <i>Pandora</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37-5" id="Footnote_37-5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37-5"><span class="label">[37-5]</span></a> Morrison said that his plan was to reach Batavia in time to secure
+a passage home in the next fleet bound to Holland, and that the return
+to Tahiti was occasioned, not by any distrust of his talents, but by the
+refusal of the natives, who were anxious to keep them in Tahiti, to
+victual the ship for so long a voyage. There were no casks on the
+schooner for storing water. Morrison, Heywood and Stewart had
+planned an escape from Tubuai in the <i>Bounty's</i> boat, but, fortunately
+for them&mdash;since the attempt would have been certain death&mdash;their plan
+was discovered and frustrated by the other mutineers.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38-1" id="Footnote_38-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38-1"><span class="label">[38-1]</span></a> Oliver, master's mate; Renouard, midshipman; James Dodds,
+quartermaster; and six seamen.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40-1" id="Footnote_40-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40-1"><span class="label">[40-1]</span></a> Oatafu, one of the Union Group, discovered by Commodore Byron
+in 1765. If the mutineers had settled there they would have starved,
+for there is neither food nor water. Since Byron's discovery a native
+settlement has been made from Bowditch Island (Fakaago), and the
+people, about 100 in number, live on fish, pandanus, and water caught
+in holes cut on the lee side of the cocoa-palms.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40-2" id="Footnote_40-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40-2"><span class="label">[40-2]</span></a> The northernmost island of the Cook Group, discovered by Bligh,
+April 11, 1798, a few days before the mutiny. In 1823 John Williams,
+the missionary, heard at Rarotonga a native tradition of Bligh's visit.
+The natives heard the first rumours of a world beyond their own from
+two Tahitian castaways who had seen Captain Cook, and had with them
+an iron hatchet obtained from the <i>Resolution</i>. They represented the
+strange beings who traversed the ocean in vast canoes, not lashed with
+sinnet nor furnished with outriggers, as impious people who laughed
+at the tabu, and even ate of the consecrated food from the Mara&eacute;s.
+They were like the gods; if they were attacked they blew at their
+assailants with long blow-pipes (pupuhi) from which flames and stones
+were belched. Such were the Tut&euml; (Cooks)<ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: added missing period">.</ins> Thereafter, having need
+of iron (kurima) and other wonders current in Tahiti the men of Aitutaki
+prayed to their gods to send the Tut&euml; to their island with axes and nails
+and <i>pupuhi</i>, and this, according to an old priest, was their prayer.
+"O great Tangaroa, send your large ship to our land: let us see the
+Cookees. Great Tangiia, send us a dead sea, send us a propitious gale,
+to bring the far-famed Cookees to our land, to give us nails and iron
+and axes; let us see these outriggerless canoes." And with the feast
+presented with the prayer were promises of greater feasts so soon as
+their prayer was answered. The gods heard them. A few months later
+the Cookees came. The great ship did not anchor, but one of the natives
+took his courage in both hands, and went off in his canoe. He brought
+back strange tales of what he had seen. It was a floating island; there
+were two rivers flowing on it (the pumps), and two plantations in which
+grew taro and sugar-cane and bread-fruit, and the keel scraped the
+bottom of the sea, for he dived as deep as he could go without finding it.
+</p><p>
+Williams has fallen into two errors in his account (<a href="#Page_171">p. 171</a>). In the same
+breath he claims for himself the discovery of Rarotonga, in 1823, and
+announces this to have been a visit of the <i>Bounty</i> after she was taken
+by the mutineers, <i>i.e.</i> in April, 1789. Rarotonga was, in fact, discovered
+by the ship <i>Seringapatam</i> in 1814, though Williams may have
+been the first to land. The tradition must have referred to Bligh's visit
+to Aitutaki before the mutiny when the decks were encumbered with
+bread-fruit, for we know that the first thing the mutineers did after
+setting their captain adrift was to throw all the bread-fruit plants overboard,
+and that they steered direct for Tahiti.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_42-1" id="Footnote_42-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42-1"><span class="label">[42-1]</span></a> Discovered by Cook in his second voyage. There are nine small
+islands connected by a reef, covered with trees, but destitute of water.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_43-1" id="Footnote_43-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43-1"><span class="label">[43-1]</span></a> Sufficient for thirty days at most. In the face of the danger of parting
+company, with the <i>Pandora</i> overloaded with stores, and the tender
+too feebly manned to wait at so dangerous a rendezvous as the Friendly
+Islands, Edwards showed very little foresight in neglecting to provision
+the tender for an independent voyage. His neglect nearly cost the crew
+their lives.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_44-1" id="Footnote_44-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44-1"><span class="label">[44-1]</span></a> See <a href="#Page_126">p. 126</a>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46-1" id="Footnote_46-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46-1"><span class="label">[46-1]</span></a> Fakaafo or Bowditch Island, whence the present permanent inhabitants
+migrated.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46-2" id="Footnote_46-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46-2"><span class="label">[46-2]</span></a> Nukunono, a new discovery, another of the Union Group. It was
+surveyed by the American Exploring Expedition in 1840, and was
+found to be 7-2/10 miles long, N. and S., and 5 miles E. and W.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48-1" id="Footnote_48-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48-1"><span class="label">[48-1]</span></a> The actual position is 9&middot;5&#8242; S. Latitude and 171&middot;38&#8242; W. Longitude.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49-1" id="Footnote_49-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49-1"><span class="label">[49-1]</span></a> Savaii in the Samoa Group. If not the 'Beauman' Islands seen by
+Roggewein in 1721, they were discovered by Bougainville in 1768 and
+visited by La P&eacute;rouse in 1787. Freycinet also visited them before
+Edwards.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49-2" id="Footnote_49-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49-2"><span class="label">[49-2]</span></a> Mata-atua Harbour. There is no river there except after heavy rain.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49-3" id="Footnote_49-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49-3"><span class="label">[49-3]</span></a> He had a finger cut off in mourning for Finau Ulukalala, who must
+have died in 1790.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50-1" id="Footnote_50-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50-1"><span class="label">[50-1]</span></a> La P&eacute;rouse and Kotzebue call it Pola.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50-2" id="Footnote_50-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50-2"><span class="label">[50-2]</span></a> Upolu on which is Apia, the present capital of Samoa.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50-3" id="Footnote_50-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50-3"><span class="label">[50-3]</span></a> Upolu is the native name, but it has been called Ojalava, Oahtooha,
+Ojatava, and Opoloo by different navigators, who may have taken the
+names of villages or districts to mean the whole island. The population
+exceeded 20,000 at the beginning of last century.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50-4" id="Footnote_50-4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50-4"><span class="label">[50-4]</span></a> Turmeric powder, never a mark of distinction, was besmeared over
+nursing mothers, chief women at the feasts connected with puberty,
+and persons concerned in certain other ceremonies.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51-1" id="Footnote_51-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51-1"><span class="label">[51-1]</span></a> Bougainville sighted Upolu on May 5th, 1760. A thick fog which
+came on that afternoon, and lasted all the following day, prevented
+him from approaching it, and from seeing Savaii, which he would have
+seen on May 7th in clear weather. La P&eacute;rouse coasted along its southern
+shore on December 17th, 1789. Unfortunately, smarting from the
+massacre of de Langle and his boat's crew at Tutuila, he was in no mood
+for communicating with the natives, and he did not anchor.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51-2" id="Footnote_51-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51-2"><span class="label">[51-2]</span></a> See <a href="#Page_12">p. 12</a>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_52-1" id="Footnote_52-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52-1"><span class="label">[52-1]</span></a> Fatafehi is the hereditary title of one of the spiritual chiefs of Tonga<ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: added missing period">.</ins>
+He had no executive authority, but his wealth, derived from his lands
+and the offerings to which he was entitled, gave him considerable
+influence. The complicated hierarchy of spiritual chiefs in Tonga was
+a continual puzzle to Cook. Fatafehi at this time was an ornamental
+personage, inferior in dignity to the Tui Tonga, and in power to Tukuaho,
+who wielded the authority of his father Mumui, the Tui Kanakubolu.
+The Toobou (Tubou) mentioned here was the deputy of the tyrant
+Tukuaho, who, eight years later, was to pay the penalty of his crimes
+in the Revolution of 1799. Hamilton mentions that the tradition of
+Tasman's visit in 1642 was still preserved.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_54-1" id="Footnote_54-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54-1"><span class="label">[54-1]</span></a> Among the people who boarded the ship from Tofoa Lieut. Hayward
+recognized some of those who attacked Bligh's boat four days after the
+mutiny, and murdered Quartermaster Norton, but solicitude for the
+crew of the tender, which might call there, prevented Edwards from
+punishing them as they deserved. No doubt, both at Tofoa and
+Namuka, the natives would have attempted to take the ship had they
+thought success possible as, we now know, they had planned to capture
+Cook's ships, and as they actually did capture the privateer <i>Port-au-Prince</i>
+in 1806 at Haapai. In 1808 William Mariner, one of the survivors
+of that ill-fated ship, who has left behind him the best account of a
+native race that exists probably in any language, was led by the strange
+native account of Norton's murder, to visit his grave. The natives
+asserted that Norton was killed by a carpenter for the sake of an axe
+which he was carrying; that his body was stripped and dragged some
+distance inland to a <i>Malae</i> where it lay exposed for three days before
+burial; and that the grass had never since grown upon the track of the
+body nor upon its resting-place on the <i>Malae</i>. Mariner found a bare
+track leading inland from the beach and terminating in a bare patch,
+lying transversely, about the length and breadth of a man. It did not
+appear to be a beaten path, nor were there people enough in the neighbourhood
+to make such a path. Probably it was an old track, long
+disused and forgotten, for by such natural causes is man's belief in the
+supernatural fed.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55-1" id="Footnote_55-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55-1"><span class="label">[55-1]</span></a> The Vavau Group, called by the natives Haafuluhao, which then
+as now, owed spiritual allegiance to Tonga.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55-2" id="Footnote_55-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55-2"><span class="label">[55-2]</span></a> Manua, the most Easterly of the Samoa Group, called Opoun by
+La P&eacute;rouse.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55-3" id="Footnote_55-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55-3"><span class="label">[55-3]</span></a> Tutuila, discovered by Roggewein in 1721, visited by Bougainville
+4th May, 1768, and by La P&eacute;rouse 10th December, 1787. On the day
+before his murder by the natives, Comte de Langle, La P&eacute;rouse's second
+in command, discovered Pangopango harbour while on a walk through
+the island, but neither Bougainville nor La P&eacute;rouse seems to have discerned
+the masked fissure in the cliff which forms its entrance. Edwards
+must have had a copy of Bougainville on board, but no record of La
+P&eacute;rouse's visit four years before, or he would have shown greater
+caution in communicating with the natives. That he had heard something
+of La P&eacute;rouse's voyage, and had some ground for suspicion is
+shown by Hamilton. A detailed account of de Langle's murder is to
+be found in "La P&eacute;rouse's Voyage," vol. ii.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_56-1" id="Footnote_56-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56-1"><span class="label">[56-1]</span></a> Vavau.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57-1" id="Footnote_57-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57-1"><span class="label">[57-1]</span></a> He might have added "in the Pacific," for it is a magnificent land-locked
+harbour, a little narrow for sailing ships to beat out of in a
+southerly wind, but excellent for steamships.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57-2" id="Footnote_57-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57-2"><span class="label">[57-2]</span></a> This was Finau Ulukalala, one of the most notable men in Tongan
+history. He had just succeeded his elder brother, the Finau (Feenow)
+of Captain Cook's visit in 1777. On April 21st, 1799, he conspired
+against Tukuaho, the temporal sovereign of Tonga and assassinated
+him, plunging Tonga into a civil anarchy which lasted twenty years.
+He was Mariner's patron and protector until his death in 1809. "The
+great master of Greek drama," says a writer in the "Quarterly Review,"
+"could have desired no better elements than are to be found in the
+history of this remarkable man; his remorseless ambition and his
+natural affections&mdash;his contempt for the fables and ceremonies of his
+country when in prosperity&mdash;his patient submission to them when in
+distress&mdash;his strong intellects&mdash;his evil deeds&mdash;and the death which
+was believed to be inflicted on him in vengeance by the over-ruling
+divinities whom he defied."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-1" id="Footnote_58-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-1"><span class="label">[58-1]</span></a> Hunga.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-2" id="Footnote_58-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-2"><span class="label">[58-2]</span></a> Niuababu.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-3" id="Footnote_58-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-3"><span class="label">[58-3]</span></a> Falevai.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-4" id="Footnote_58-4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-4"><span class="label">[58-4]</span></a> Fonua Lei (Land of Whales' teeth).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-5" id="Footnote_58-5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-5"><span class="label">[58-5]</span></a> Lat&eacute;.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-6" id="Footnote_58-6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-6"><span class="label">[58-6]</span></a> Toku.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58-7" id="Footnote_58-7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58-7"><span class="label">[58-7]</span></a> These islands had already been twice visited and named, and Cook,
+though he did not visit them, gives all their native names in his list
+of the islands composing the Friendly or Tonga Group. The honour of
+their discovery belongs to the Spanish pilot Maurelle, who sailed from
+Manila in 1781, without proper charts or instruments and almost
+without provisions for his long voyage to America. Reduced to
+desperate straits by famine, he sighted Fonua Lei, the northernmost
+of the Tonga Group, which he called Margoura, believing it to be one of
+the Solomon Islands. At Vavau he was liberally entertained by Bau
+or Poulaho, the Tui Tonga of Cook's visit four years before. La P&eacute;rouse
+passed close to the islands in December, 1787, but, consistent with his
+determination to hold no further intercourse with natives after the
+murder of M. de Langle, did not enter the harbour of Neiafu. Edwards
+had no account of either of these voyages. La P&eacute;rouse's journals were
+not published until 1797.
+</p><p>
+Fonua Lei was again destroyed by an eruption in 1846. The inhabitants
+who had plantations on it were removed to Vavau just in time.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_59-1" id="Footnote_59-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59-1"><span class="label">[59-1]</span></a> There is only one. It was so named by Tasman 1642. Maurelle
+called it Sola. But Edwards probably mistook the twin islets of Hunga
+Tonga and Hunga Haapai for Pylstaart.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_62-1" id="Footnote_62-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62-1"><span class="label">[62-1]</span></a> Niua-fo'ou (New Niua), discovered by W. Cornelis Schouten in the
+Dutch ship <i>Eendracht</i> (Unity) on May 14th, 1616, and named by him
+"Good Hope" Island. Twelve canoes came off, and some of them
+attempted to take the boat that he had sent ashore for water, but
+desisted on discharge of a volley which killed two men. He wrote:
+"The island was full of black cliffs, green on the top, and black, and
+was full of coco-trees and black earth. There was a large village,
+and several other houses on the seashore: the land was undulating,
+but not very high." No ship is known to have visited the island from
+1614 to this visit in 1791.
+</p><p>
+The cocoanuts grown here are the largest in the world, but the
+specimens planted in other islands do not appear to maintain their
+abnormal size. The island is further remarkable from the fact that the
+Megapodius, or Scrub hen, is plentiful there, and nowhere else in the
+Pacific further east than the New Hebrides. The natives have no
+traditions of its introduction. The eggs have been prized as a delicacy
+in Tonga for centuries, and are exported thither by every canoe going
+southward during the breeding season. It is said that they are sometimes
+hatched artificially, but the young <i>malao</i> does not take kindly
+to the bush in Tonga, although the vegetation is much the same.
+Why should the bird be found in Polynesia, having skipped all the
+intermediate islands of Melanesia? To what story of the migration
+of races is it the only clue?</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63-1" id="Footnote_63-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63-1"><span class="label">[63-1]</span></a> Niuatobutabu, like Niuafoou, subject to the King of Tonga.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63-2" id="Footnote_63-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63-2"><span class="label">[63-2]</span></a> Uea, discovered by Wallis in 1767, and visited by Maurelle on April
+22nd, 1781. It has 3000 inhabitants who are said by the French missionaries
+to be increasing. Uea is nominally independent under its
+own queen, but the French priests wield the real power in so spirited
+a fashion that the natives frequently attempt to escape from the island
+as stowaways.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_64-1" id="Footnote_64-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64-1"><span class="label">[64-1]</span></a> Mourning for the death of a chief or near relation.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_65-1" id="Footnote_65-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65-1"><span class="label">[65-1]</span></a> This confirms the story of Kau Moala, a Tongan navigator, who
+returned to his native land in 1807 and related his adventures to
+Mariner. He had visited Futuna, Rotuma and Fiji in a double canoe,
+and, in describing Rotuma, he related the legend of two giants who had
+migrated from Tonga to Rotuma in legendary times. He was shown
+gigantic bones in proof of the story, the bones, no doubt, of some
+marine monster. Mention is made of Rotuma in a Tongan saga of the
+early sixteenth century, and there can be no doubt that there was
+occasional intercourse between these distant islands during the period
+when the Tongans were the Norsemen of the Pacific.
+</p><p>
+Kau Moala heard nothing of Edwards' visit, though he brought
+news of the visit of a ship to Futuna, and of an ineffectual attempt to
+take her&mdash;perhaps the visit of Schouten, whose account of the affray
+tallies closely with theirs even to the killing of six natives. The tradition
+was still fresh after 190 years. Edwards' visit, having brought no
+disasters on the natives, escaped the attention of the native poets and
+was forgotten.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67-1" id="Footnote_67-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67-1"><span class="label">[67-1]</span></a> Native name Fataka. The Russian Captain Kroutcheff, who landed
+upon it in 1822, found it uninhabited.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67-2" id="Footnote_67-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67-2"><span class="label">[67-2]</span></a> Kroutcheff placed it 41 minutes further west.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_68-1" id="Footnote_68-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68-1"><span class="label">[68-1]</span></a> This was Vanikoro in the Santa Cruz Group. It was probably seen
+by Menda&ntilde;a in 1595, and again by Carteret in 1767, but the interest
+attached to it by Europeans, and particularly to Edwards' visit, lies
+in the undoubted fact that at that very time there were survivors of
+La P&eacute;rouse's ill-fated expedition upon it. If his search for the mutineers
+had been as keen at this part of his voyage as it was in the earlier
+portion, he would have been the means of rescuing them. The smoke
+he saw may well have been signal fires lighted by the castaways to
+attract his attention.
+</p><p>
+La P&eacute;rouse's ships were cast away in 1788, just three years before,
+shortly after the Commander had delivered his journals to Governor
+Phillip in Botany Bay for transmission to Europe. Their fate was
+unknown until Peter Dillon chanced upon a French swordhilt in Tucopia
+thirty-eight years later in 1826. Satisfying himself that they had
+been brought from Vanikoro, he persuaded the East India Company
+to place him in command of a search expedition. In 1827 he made a
+thorough examination of the island, and found the remains of the
+<i>Boussole</i>; the <i><ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Astrotabe'">Astrolabe</ins></i>, according to the native account, having
+foundered in deep water. He found the clearing where the survivors
+had felled timber to build themselves a brig in which they sailed to meet
+a second shipwreck elsewhere, perhaps on the Great Barrier reef of
+Queensland. But two had been left, and of these one had died shortly
+before his visit, and the other had gone with the natives to another
+island leaving no trace behind him.
+</p><p>
+D'Entrecasteaux, when in search of La P&eacute;rouse in 1793, also passed
+within sight of the castaways.
+</p><p>
+D'Urville made a thorough examination of the island both in 1828
+and 1838. The relics brought home by Dillon may be seen in the
+Gallerie de la Marine in the Louvre.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69-1" id="Footnote_69-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69-1"><span class="label">[69-1]</span></a> This was the dangerous reef now known as Indispensable Reef,
+after the ship <i>Indispensable</i> commanded by Captain Wilkinson, who
+discovered it in 1790.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69-2" id="Footnote_69-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69-2"><span class="label">[69-2]</span></a> It was, in fact, the mainland of New Guinea. The land East of Cape
+Rodney, comprising Orangerie, Table, and Cloudy Bays, lies so low
+and is so generally obscured with haze that on a dull day Edwards
+would not have seen it.
+</p><p>
+It is doubtful whether Edwards' Capes Rodney and Hood, are
+correctly placed in the modern charts. Our Cape Rodney is not a
+conspicuous headland, and it lies half a degree eastward of 212&middot;14 W.
+Longitude, and 9&#8242; South of 10<sup>6</sup>&middot;3&deg; S. Latitude. Edwards' positions are
+usually so accurate that I cannot see why they should have been
+departed from. Our Cape Hood, on the other hand, is exactly in the
+position of his Cape Rodney, and is besides a very conspicuous wooded
+tongue of land. Beyond is another conspicuous point. Round Head,
+which corresponds in position with Edwards' Cape Hood. Mount
+Clarence, moreover, would not appear to lie between Capes Rodney and
+Hood until the former was out of sight astern. I think that Mount
+Clarence must have been hidden by clouds, and that Edwards' Mount
+Clarence was in reality the high cone in the Saroa district, which is a
+conspicuous feature on the coast line. A further indication that the
+day was hazy lies in the fact that Edwards did not see the great Owen
+Stanley Range which towers up 13,000 feet behind. Had he done so
+he would not have mistaken the mainland for a group of scattered
+islands. Hamilton does not call Mount Clarence an "island," but a
+"mountain." A further proof that Edwards' "Cape Hood" was
+Round Head is found in the remark "After passing Cape Hood the
+land appears lower, and to branch off about N.N.W., . . . for we saw
+no other land." This applies to Round Head, and to no other part of
+the coast.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70-1" id="Footnote_70-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70-1"><span class="label">[70-1]</span></a> If he had kept this course he would have struck the New Guinea
+Coast again a little East of the Maikasa River.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70-2" id="Footnote_70-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70-2"><span class="label">[70-2]</span></a> East Bay.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71-1" id="Footnote_71-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71-1"><span class="label">[71-1]</span></a> It is difficult to understand how Edwards failed to see Flinders
+Passage, which, while not free from obstructions to the westward, would
+have admitted him to a safe anchorage at the Murray Islands, inside
+the Barrier Reef.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71-2" id="Footnote_71-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71-2"><span class="label">[71-2]</span></a> It was an unfortunate choice. Had he steered north on first
+encountering the reefs he would have made the coast which he might
+have followed in safety, as Bligh did in his boat voyage after the
+mutiny, by what is now known as the Great North-East Channel.
+He was led Southward by his plan of using the Endeavour Straits.
+See Hamilton's account, <a href="#Page_141">pp. 141-2</a>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73-1" id="Footnote_73-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73-1"><span class="label">[73-1]</span></a> Two men were crushed to death; one by a gun that had broken
+loose, and the other by a falling spar. The whole ship's company
+seems to have behaved splendidly, working at the pumps and at the
+sail they were preparing to haul under the ship's bottom until they
+could scarcely stand for fatigue, with nothing to replenish their strength
+but "a cask of excellent strong ale which we brewed at Anamooka"
+(Hamilton).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73-2" id="Footnote_73-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73-2"><span class="label">[73-2]</span></a> Every reader must be struck by the fact that in his description
+of this disaster, Edwards never once speaks of the prisoners. Hamilton,
+it is true, does say "The prisoners were ordered to be let out of irons,"
+but another account, ascribed to Lieutenant Corner, second lieutenant
+of the <i>Pandora</i>, throws a sinister light on this part of the narrative.
+"Three of the <i>Bounty's</i> people, Coleman, Norman, and M'Intosh, were
+now let out of irons, and sent to work at the pumps. The others offered
+their assistance, and begged to be allowed a chance of saving their
+lives; instead of which, two additional sentinels were placed over
+them, with orders to shoot any who should attempt to get rid of their
+fetters. Seeing no prospect of escape, they betook themselves to prayer,
+and prepared to meet their fate, everyone expecting that the ship would
+soon go to pieces, her rudder and part of the sternpost being already
+beat away. No notice was taken of the prisoners, as is falsely stated
+by the author of the 'Pandora's Voyage,' although Captain Edwards
+was entreated by Mr. Heywood to have mercy upon them, when he
+passed over their prison to make his own escape, the ship then lying on
+her broadside, with the larboard bow completely under water. Fortunately
+the master-at-arms, either by accident or design, when slipping
+from the roof of 'Pandora's Box' into the sea, let the keys of the
+irons fall through the scuttle or entrance, which he had just before
+opened, and thus enabled them to commence their own liberation, in
+which they were generously assisted, at the imminent risk of his own
+life, by William Moulter, a boatswain's mate who clung to the coamings,
+and pulled the long bars through the shackles, saying he would set
+them free, or go to the bottom with them. Scarcely was this effected
+when the ship went down. The master-at-arms and all the sentinels
+sunk to rise no more. Among the drowned were Mr. Stewart, John
+Sumner, Richard Skinner, and Henry Hillbrandt, the whole of whom
+perished with their hands still in manacles."
+</p><p>
+Some allowance is to be made both for the confusion of a shipwreck,
+and for the natural fear of the commander that in the loosening of the
+ties of authority natural to such a moment, the liberation among his
+crew of a number of men who had already mutinied successfully, and
+were going home with a rope about their necks, would be an act of
+merciful folly. This, however, does not excuse him for refusing his
+prisoners the shelter of an old sail on the sand cay, and so obliging them
+to get shelter from the sun by burying themselves neck-deep in the
+sand, as Heywood afterwards stated. Heywood further asserted that
+after the vessel struck the prisoners, having wrenched themselves out
+of their irons, implored Edwards to let them out of "Pandora's Box,"
+but that he had them all ironed again.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74-1" id="Footnote_74-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74-1"><span class="label">[74-1]</span></a> In his evidence before the court-martial Edwards said: "The
+double canoe, that was able to support a considerable number of men,
+broke adrift with only one man, and was bulged upon a reef, and
+afforded us no help when she was so much wanted.<ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: added missing quotation mark">"</ins></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74-2" id="Footnote_74-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74-2"><span class="label">[74-2]</span></a> Hamilton says 34.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_75-1" id="Footnote_75-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75-1"><span class="label">[75-1]</span></a> Each boat was supplied with the latitude and longitude of Timor,
+1100 miles distant. As soon as they embarked the oars were laid athwart
+the boat so that they could stow two tiers of men. The men were distributed
+as follows:
+</p><p>
+<i>Pinnace</i>&mdash;Capt. Edwards; Lieut. Hayward; Rickards, Master's
+Mate; Packer, Gunner; Edmonds, Captain's Clerk; 3 prisoners, 16
+privates.
+</p><p>
+<i>Red Yawl</i>&mdash;Lieut. Larkan; Surgeon Hamilton; Reynolds, Master's
+Mate; Matson, Midshipman; 2 prisoners; 18 privates.
+</p><p>
+<i>Launch</i>&mdash;Lieutenant Corner; Bentham, Purser; Montgomery;
+Carpen Bowling, Master's Mate; Mackendrick, Midshipman; 2
+prisoners; 24 privates.
+</p><p>
+<i>Blue Yawl</i>&mdash;George Passmore, Master; Cunningham, Boatswain;
+Innes, Surgeon's Mate; Fenwick, Midshipman; Pycroft, Midshipman;
+3 prisoners; 15 privates.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77-1" id="Footnote_77-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77-1"><span class="label">[77-1]</span></a> Tree Island.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77-2" id="Footnote_77-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77-2"><span class="label">[77-2]</span></a> Now called Prince of Wales' Channel or Flinders Channel. It is
+the best Channel through Torres Straits, and, if Edwards' narrative
+had been published his discovery would doubtless have been perpetuated
+in his name.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77-3" id="Footnote_77-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77-3"><span class="label">[77-3]</span></a> Horn Island.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77-4" id="Footnote_77-4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77-4"><span class="label">[77-4]</span></a> Dingoes.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77-5" id="Footnote_77-5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77-5"><span class="label">[77-5]</span></a> North West Reef.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_78-1" id="Footnote_78-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78-1"><span class="label">[78-1]</span></a> Like Bligh's men, they wetted their shirts in salt water to cool themselves
+by evaporation, but found that the absorption through the skin
+tainted the fluids of the body with salt so that the saliva became intolerable
+in the mouth. The young bore the want of water better than
+the old, but all alike became excessively irritable.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_80-1" id="Footnote_80-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80-1"><span class="label">[80-1]</span></a> This hospitality was not extended to the prisoners, who were
+confined in irons in the castle, and fed on bad provisions. But on the
+passage to Batavia in the <i>Rembang</i> they had worse in store, for the ship
+was partially dismasted in a cyclone, and would certainly have gone
+ashore but for the exertions of the English passengers. The prisoners
+took their turn at the pumps with the rest, and when their strength
+gave out, they were put in irons and allowed to rest upon a wet sail
+soaked with the drainings of a pig-stye under which it was spread.
+At Batavia Edwards distributed the purchase-money of the tender
+among his people to enable them to buy clothes, and the prisoners,
+having their hands at liberty, made suits and hats for the <i>Pandora's</i>
+crew, and so were able to buy clothes of their own.</p></div>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90"></a>[<a href="./images/90.png">90</a>]</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91"></a>[<a href="./images/91.png">91</a>]</span></p>
+<h2><a name="A_VOYAGE_ROUND_THE_WORLD91-1" id="A_VOYAGE_ROUND_THE_WORLD91-1"></a>A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD.<a name="FNanchor_91-1" id="FNanchor_91-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_91-1" class="fnanchor">[91-1]</a></h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">By George Hamilton, Surgeon of the <i>Pandora</i>.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Government</span> having resolved to bring to punishment
+the mutineers of His Majesty's late ship <i>Bounty</i>, and to
+survey the Straits of Endeavour, to facilitate a passage to
+Botany Bay, on the 10th of August 1790, appointed
+Captain Edward Edwards to put in commission at
+Chatham, and take command of the <i>Pandora</i> Frigate
+of twenty-four guns, and a hundred and sixty men.</p>
+
+<p>A great naval armament then equipping retarded our
+progress, and prevented that particular attention to the
+choice of men which their Lordships so much wished;
+as contagion here crept amongst us from infected clothing,
+the fatal effects of which we discovered, and severely
+experienced, in the commencement of the voyage.</p>
+
+<p>Every thing necessary being completed, and an additional
+complement of naval stores, received for the refitment
+of the <i>Bounty</i>; dropped down to Sheerness, saluted
+Admiral Dalrymple, payed the same compliments to
+Sir Richard King, in passing the Downs, arrived at
+Portsmouth, and found there Lord Howe with the Union
+Flag at the main, and the proudest navy that ever graced
+the British seas under his command.</p>
+
+<p>Here the officers and men received six months pay in
+advance, and after receiving their final orders, got the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92"></a>[<a href="./images/92.png">92</a>]</span>
+time-keeper on board, weighed anchor, and proceeded
+to sea.</p>
+
+<p>As the white cliffs of Albion receded from our view
+alternate hopes and fears took possession of our minds,
+wafting the last kind adieu to our native soil.</p>
+
+<p>We pursued our voyage with a favourable breeze;
+but <i>Pandora</i> now seemed inclined to shed her baneful
+influence among us, and a malignant fever threatened
+much havoc, as in a few days thirty-five men were confined
+to their beds, and unfortunately Mr. Innes, the
+Surgeon's only mate, was among the first taken ill;
+what rendered our situation still more distressing, was
+the crowded state of the ship being filled to the hatchways
+with stores and provisions, for, like weevils, we
+had to eat a hole in our bread, before we had a place to
+lay down in; every officer's cabin, the Captain's not
+excepted, being filled with provisions and stores. Our
+sufferings were much encreased, for want of room to
+accommodate our sick, notwithstanding every effort of
+the Captain that humanity could suggest.</p>
+
+<p>In this sickly lumbered state, near the latitude of
+Madeira, we observed a sail bearing down upon us:
+from her appearance and man&oelig;uvres, we had every
+reason to believe she was a ship of war; and a rumour
+of a Spanish war prevailing when we left England, rendered
+it necessary to clear ship for action; as soon as our
+guns were run out, and all hands at quarters, got along
+side of her, when she proved His Majesty's Ship, <i>Shark</i>,
+sent out with orders of recall to Admiral Cornish, who had
+sailed for the West Indies a few days before we left
+Spithead.</p>
+
+<p>This little disaster deranged us much, having at the
+same time bad weather, attended with heavy thunder
+squals. The Peek of Teneriff now began to shew his
+venerable crest, towering above the clouds; and in two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93"></a>[<a href="./images/93.png">93</a>]</span>
+days more came to an anchor in the road of Santa Cruz,
+but did not salute, as the Commandant had not authority
+to return it.</p>
+
+<p>Immediately on our arrival we were boarded by the
+Port-master, by whom we learnt they had been in much
+apprehension of a disagreeable visit from the English,
+but were happy to hear that matters were amicably
+settled between the Courts of Madrid and St. James's.</p>
+
+<p>With respect to site nothing can be more beautifully
+picturesque than the town of Santa Cruz. It stands in
+the centre of a spacious bay, on a gentle acclivity surrounded
+with retiring hills, and the noble promontory
+of the Peek rising majestically behind it, dignifies the
+scene beyond description, being continually diversified
+with every vicissitude of the surrounding atmosphere,
+emerging and retiring thro' the fleecy clouds, from the
+bottom of the mountain to its summit.</p>
+
+<p>All the circumjacent hills on the margin of the beach
+are tufted with little forts, and barbett batteries, forming
+an Esplanade round the bay, affords a most agreeable
+landscape. The houses being all painted white, pretty
+regularly built, and standing on a rising ground, raises
+one street above another, and heightens the scene from
+the water; to which the Governor's garden contributes
+much to beautify the town.</p>
+
+<p>In the centre of the principal square, is a well built
+fountain, continually playing, which, in a warm climate,
+has a desirable cooling effect. There is but one church,
+which contains a few indifferent paintings.</p>
+
+<p>The inhabitants are civil, but reserved, and the inquisition
+being on the island, spreads a gloomy distrust on
+the countenance of the people.</p>
+
+<p>The troops are miserably cloathed, and poverty and
+superstition lord it wide. The wines of this place, from
+a late improvement in the vines, are equal to the second<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94"></a>[<a href="./images/94.png">94</a>]</span>
+kind of Madeira, and I cannot pass over this subject
+without making honourable mention of the candour of
+Mr. Rooney our wine merchant.</p>
+
+<p>Here we completed our water from an acqueduct
+admirably constructed for the convenience of the shipping,
+and after receiving on board lemons, oranges, pomegranates,
+and bananas, with every variety of fruits and
+other refreshments with which this island most plentifully
+abounds, proceeded again on our voyage.</p>
+
+<p>The fever that prevailed on our leaving England
+became now pretty general, and almost every man had it
+in turn, and as we approached the line many of the
+convalescents had a relapse, but the Lords of the Admirality,
+previous to our sailing, had supplied us with such
+unbounded liberality in every thing necessary for the
+preservation of the seamens' health, that I may venture
+to say many lives were saved from their bounty, and I
+should be wanting in my duty to their Lordships, as well
+as the community, was I to pass over in silence the uncommon
+good effects we experienced from supplying the
+sick and convalescent with tea and sugar; this being the
+first time it has ever been introduced into his Majesty's
+service; but it is an article in life that has crept into
+such universal use, in all orders of society, that it needs no
+comment of mine to recommend it. It may, however,
+be easily conceived that it will be sought with more
+avidity by those whose aliment consists chiefly in animal
+food, and that always salt, and often of the worst kind.
+Their bread too is generally mixed with oatmeal, and of
+a hot drying nature. Scarcity of water is a calamity to
+which seafaring people are always subject; and it is
+an established fact, that a pint of tea will satiate thirst
+more than a quart of water. But when sickness takes
+place, a loathing of all animal food follows; then tea
+becomes their sole existence, and that which can be con<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95"></a>[<a href="./images/95.png">95</a>]</span>veyed
+to them as natural food will be taken with pleasure,
+when any slip slop, given as drink, will be rejected with
+disgust. Suffice it to say, that Quarter-masters, and real
+good seamen have ever been observed to be regular in
+cooking their little pot of tea or coffee, and in America
+seamen going long voyages, always make it an article in
+their agreement to be supplied with tea and sugar.</p>
+
+<p>The air now becoming intolerably hot, and to evacuate
+the foul air from below where the people slept, had
+recourse to Mr. White's new ventilator, but found little
+benefit from it; not from any fault in the machine, but
+from the crowded state of the ship, it was impossible
+to throw a current of air into those places where it was
+most wanted, but by the addition of a flexible leather tube,
+like a water engine, it might be rendered of the utmost
+importance to the service, as in tenders' press-holds, and
+in line-of-battle ships at sea, when the lower deck ports
+cannot be opened; where often the jail fever, and all the
+calamities that attend human nature in crowded situations,
+are engendered, that might be entirely obviated
+by Mr. White's ingenious machine. I should beg to
+recommend wheels to be substituted for legs to it, for its
+easier conveyance from one part of the ship to the other,
+and that he would sacrifice beauty to strength, as a
+slight mahogany jim crack is not well calculated to the
+severity of heat we are exposed to, in climates where it is
+most wanted.</p>
+
+<p>There were now many water spouts about the ship,
+at which we fired several guns: the thermometer fluctuated
+between seventy-nine and eighty, and without any
+thing worthy of remark, in the common occurrence of
+things at sea, on the twenty-eight of December saw the
+land of the Brazils, and in two days saluted the fort at
+Rio Janiero with fifteen guns, which was immediately
+returned.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96"></a>[<a href="./images/96.png">96</a>]</span>
+On our coming to anchor, an officer came to acquaint
+the Captain, that a party of soldiers should be sent on
+board of us, agreeable to their custom, which was most
+peremptorily denied as inadmissable with the dignity of
+the British flag, nor would Captain Edwards go on shore
+to pay his respects to the Vice Roy, till that etiquete
+was settled, that his boat should not be boarded.</p>
+
+<p>After the usual compliments were paid the Vice Roy,
+his suit of carriages were ordered to attend the British
+officers, and Monsieur le Font, the Surgeon-General,
+who spoke English with ease and fluency, shewed us every
+mark of politeness and attention on the occasion, in
+carrying us through the principal streets, then visited the
+public gardens, built by the late Vice Roy, and laid out
+with much taste and expence. All the extremity of the
+garden is a fine terrace which commands a view of the
+water, and is frequented by people of fashion, as their
+Grand Mall: at each end of the terrace there is an
+octagonal built room, superbly furnished, where merendas<a name="FNanchor_96-1" id="FNanchor_96-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_96-1" class="fnanchor">[96-1]</a>
+are sometimes given. On the pannels are painted the
+various productions and commerce of South America,
+representing the diamond fishery, the process of the
+indigo trade. The rice grounds and harvest, sugar
+plantation, South Sea whale fishery, &amp;c. these were
+interspersed with views of the country, and the quadrupedes
+that inhabit those parts. The ceilings contained
+all the variety, the one of the fish, the other of the fowl
+of that continent. The copartments of the ceiling of
+the one room was enriched in shell work, with all the
+variegated shells of that country, and in the copartments
+are delineated all the variety of fish that the coast of
+South America produces. The other copartment is
+enriched with feathers and so inimitably blended as to
+produce the happiest effect. In this ceiling is painted all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97"></a>[<a href="./images/97.png">97</a>]</span>
+the birds and fowls of the country, in all their splendid
+elegance of plumage. The sofas and furniture are rich
+in the extreme: and in this elegant recess, an idle traveller
+may have an agreeable lounge, and at one view comprehend
+the whole natural history of this vast continent.
+In the centre of the terrace there is a Jet d'eau, in form
+of a large palm-tree, made of copper, which at pleasure
+may be made to spout water from the extremity of all
+the leaves. This tree stands on a well disposed grotto,
+which rises from the gravel walk below to the level of
+the terrace, and terminates the view of the principal walk.
+Near the foot of the grotto two large aligators, made of
+copper, are continually discharging water into a handsome
+bason of white marble, filled with gold and silver fishes.</p>
+
+<p>There are fine orangeries, and lofty covered arbours
+in different parts of the garden, capable of containing a
+thousand people. Here the cyprian nymphs hold their
+nocturnal revels; but intrigue is attended with great
+danger, as the stilletto is in general use, and assassination
+frequent, the men being of a jealous sanguinary
+turn, and the women fond of gallantry, who never appear
+in public unveiled. When <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Bouganvile'">Bougainville</ins>, the French circumnavigator
+called here, his chaplain was assassinated in
+an affray of that kind; but since that accident, orders
+were given that a commissioned officer should attend
+all foreign officers, and a soldier the privates; and all
+strangers, on landing, are conducted to the main guard
+for their escort. This answers a double purpose, as they
+are much afraid of strangers smuggling or carrying money
+out of the country, under the mask of personal protection,
+every motion is watched and scrutinized, nor can you
+purchase any thing of a merchant, till he has settled with
+the officer of the police how much he shall exact for his
+goods; so you have always the satisfaction of being rob'd
+as the act directs.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98"></a>[<a href="./images/98.png">98</a>]</span>
+The trade of this country is much cramped by the
+improper policy of the mother country; for although
+it abounds with every thing that the earth produces,
+wealth is far from being diffusive, and a spirit for revolt
+seems to prevail amongst them; but they were rather
+premature in business, a conspiracy being detected
+whilst we were there, many of the first people in the
+country thrown into dungeons, a strong guard put over
+them, and all intercourse denied them. But in order to
+check that spirit of rebellion among the colonists, a
+regiment of black slaves is now embodied, who will
+be very ready to bear arms against their oppressive
+masters; but should a revolution in South America take
+place, which sooner or later must eventually happen,
+some of our South Sea discoveries would then prove an
+advantageous situation for a little British colony.</p>
+
+<p>All public works are done here by slaves in chains, who
+perform a kind of plaintive melancholy dirge in recitative,
+to sooth their unavailing toil, which, with the accompanyment
+of the clanking of their irons, is the real voice of
+wo, and attunes the soul to sympathy and compassion,
+more than the most elaborate piece of music.</p>
+
+<p>The troops are remarkably well cloathed, and in fine
+order, both infantry and cavalry; the horses are small,
+but spirited, and tournaments frequently performed as
+the favourite amusement of the inhabitants, at which
+the cavaliers display a wonderful share of address.</p>
+
+<p>The town is large, built of stone, and the streets very
+regular; there are several handsome churches, monasteries,
+and nunneries, and contains about forty thousand
+inhabitants; but, like the old town of Edinburgh, each
+floor contains a distinct family, and of course liable to the
+same inconveniencies, cleanliness being none of its most
+shining virtues.</p>
+
+<p>The officers of the army shewed us uncommon kindness,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99"></a>[<a href="./images/99.png">99</a>]</span>
+and made us some presents of red bird skins for the
+savages we were going amongst.</p>
+
+<p>I cannot, in words, bestow sufficient panegyric on the
+laudable exertions of my worthy messmates, Lieutenants
+Corner and Hayward, for their unremitting zeal in procuring
+and nursing such plants as might be useful at
+Otaheitee or the islands we might discover.</p>
+
+<p>We now took leave of our friends here, and it was
+with some regret, as it was bidding adieu to civilized life,
+for a very undetermined space of time. Lieutenant
+Hayward having finished his astronomical observations
+on shore, came on board with the time-keeper and instruments,
+and again proceeded on our voyage, on the morning
+of January 8<ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads '.'">,</ins> 1791. In running down the coast of the
+Brazils, saw several spermac&aelig;ti whales, and vessels
+employed on that fishery. Could it have been accomplished
+in the month of January, it was intended to take in a
+supply of water at New-Year's harbour, but the season
+was too far advanced. The weather now became cold,
+and the health of the people mended apace: passed by
+the straits of Magellan, and on the 31st of January saw
+Cape St. Juan, Staten Island, and New-Year's Island.
+The thermometer was at 48 degrees. We were fortunate
+enough to weather the tempestuous regions of Cape
+Horn, without any thing remarkable happening, although
+late in the season.</p>
+
+<p>The weather, as we advanced, became now exceedingly
+pleasant, and the many good things with which we were
+supplied, began to have a wonderful good effect on the
+strength of our convalescents. I here beg the reader's
+indulgence for a small digression on the health of the
+seamen, as it is a subject of much national importance,
+and those voyages the only test of what is found to
+succeed best, my duty leads me to the attempt, however
+unequal to the task:</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100"></a>[<a href="./images/100.png">100</a>]</span>
+It may be remarked, the sour Crout kept during the
+voyage, in the highest perfection, and was often eat as a
+sallad with vinegar, in preference to recent, cut vegetables
+from the shore. A cask of this grand antiscorbutic was
+kept open for the crew to eat as much of as they pleased;
+and I will venture to affirm, that it will answer every
+purpose that can be expected from the vegetable kingdom.</p>
+
+<p>The Essence of Malt afforded a most delightful beverage,
+and, with the addition of a little hops, in the warmest
+climates, made as good strong beer as we could in England.
+We were likewise supplied with malt in grain, but should
+prefer the essence, as it is less liable to decay, and stows
+in much less room, which is a very valuable consideration
+in long voyages.</p>
+
+<p>Cocoa we found great benefit from; it is much relished
+by the men, stows in little room, and affords great
+nourishment. At the close of the war in 1783, in the
+West Indies, men that had been the whole war on salt
+provisions, from a liberal use of the cocoa, got fat and
+strong, and in the <i>Agamemnon</i> we had five hundred men
+who had served most of the war on salt provisions; but
+after the cocoa was introduced, we had not a sick man on
+board till the day she was paid off. Indeed it is the only
+article of nourishment in sea victualling; for what can
+in reason be expected from beef or pork after it has been
+salted a year or two?</p>
+
+<p>Wheat we found answer extremely well, rough ground
+in a mill occasionally as we wanted it, and with the
+addition of a little brown sugar, it made a pleasant
+nourishing diet, of which the men were extremely fond.
+Another great advantage attending it, that it does not
+require half the quantity of water that pease do.</p>
+
+<p>Soft bread was found extremely beneficial to the sick
+and convalescent, and we availed ourselves of every
+opportunity of baking for half the complement at a time.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101"></a>[<a href="./images/101.png">101</a>]</span>
+As the flour keeps so much longer sound than biscuit,
+it may be needless to remark its superior advantages;
+besides, it is not liable to be damaged by water or otherwise,
+so much as bread, as a crust forms outside, which
+protects the rest. In point of stowage it likewise is
+preferable.</p>
+
+<p>As the fate of every expedition of this kind depends
+much on the exertion of the subordinate departments
+of office, the thanks of every individual in the <i>Pandora</i>
+is due to Mr. Cherry, for his uncommon attention to the
+victualling.</p>
+
+<p>The dividing the people into three watches had a double
+good effect as it gave them longer time to sleep, and dry
+themselves before they turned in; and as most of our
+crew consisted of landsmen, the fewer people being on
+deck at a time, rendered it necessary to exert themselves
+more in learning their duty.</p>
+
+<p>The air became now temperate, mild, and agreeable;
+but unfortunately we sprung a leak in the after part of
+the ship, which reached the bread room, and damaged
+much of it, as one thousand five hundred and fifteen
+pounds were thrown over-board, and a great deal much
+injured, that we kept for feeding the cattle. Many blue
+Peterals were seen flying about, and on the 4th of March
+saw Easter Island. We now set the forge to work, and the
+armourers were busily employed in making knives and
+iron work to trade with the savages. On the 16th we
+discovered a Lagoon Island of about three or four miles
+extent; it was well wooded, but had no inhabitants,
+and was named Ducie's Island, in honour of Lord
+Ducie.</p>
+
+<p>On the 17th we discovered another Island, about five
+or six miles long, with a great many trees on it, but was
+not inhabited: this was called Lord Hood's Island.</p>
+
+<p>On the 19th we discovered an Island of the same<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102"></a>[<a href="./images/102.png">102</a>]</span>
+description as the former, which was named Carrisfort
+Island, in honour of Lord Carrisfort.</p>
+
+<p>On the 22nd passed Maitea, and on the morning of the
+23rd of March anchored in Matavy bay, in the Island of
+<ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Otaheety'">Otaheitee</ins>. In the dawn of the morning, a native immediately
+on seeing us, paddled off in his canoe, and came on
+board, who shewed expressions of joy to a degree of madness,
+on embracing and saluting us, by whom we learnt
+that several of the mutineers were on the island; but that
+Mr. Christian and nine men had left Otaheitee long since
+in the <i>Bounty</i>, and amused the natives, by telling them
+Captain Bligh had gone to settle at Whytutakee, and that
+Captain Cook was living there. Language cannot express
+his surprise on Lieutenant Hayward's being introduced
+to him, who had been purposely concealed.</p>
+
+<p>At eleven in the forenoon the Launch and Pinnance
+was dispatched with Lieutenants Corner and Hayward
+and twenty-six men, to the north west part of the island,
+in quest of mutineers. Immediately on our arrival,
+Joseph Coleman, the armourer of the <i>Bounty</i>, came on
+board, and a little after the two midshipmen belonging to
+the <i>Bounty</i>; at three Richard Skinner came off, and on
+the 25th the boats returned, after chasing the mutineers
+on shore, and taking possession of their boat. As they had
+taken to the heights, and claimed the protection of Tamarrah,
+a great chief in Papara, who was the proper king of
+Otaheitee, the present family of Ottoo being usurpers,
+and who intended, had we not arrived with the assistance
+of the <i>Bounty's</i> people, to have disputed the point with
+Ottoo.</p>
+
+<p>On the twenty-seventh we sent the Pinnace with a
+present of a bottle of rum to king Ottoo, who was with his
+two queens at Tiaraboo, requesting the honour of his
+company, but the bottle of rum removed all scruples,
+and next day the royal family paid us a visit, and in his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103"></a>[<a href="./images/103.png">103</a>]</span>
+suit came Oedidy, a chief particularly noticed by Captain
+Cook.</p>
+
+<p>On the first visit they make it a point of honour of
+accepting of no present; but they make sufficient amends
+for that, by introducing a numerous train of dependents
+afterwards, to obtain presents.</p>
+
+<p>The King is a tall handsome looking man, about six
+feet three inches high, good natured, and affable in his
+manners. His principal queen, Edea, is a robust looking,
+course woman, about thirty, and was extremely solicitous
+in learning and adopting our customs, and on hearing
+our English ladies drank tea, became very fond of it.
+The other queen, or concubine, named <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Alredy'">Aeredy</ins>, is a pretty
+young creature, about sixteen years of age: they all three
+sleep together, and live in the most perfect harmony.</p>
+
+<p>A detachment of men were immediately ordered,
+under the command of Lieutenant Corner, to march
+across the country, and if possible to get between the
+mountains and the mutineers; this gentleman was extremely
+well calculated for an expedition of this kind,
+having, in the early part of his life, bore a commission in
+the land service, and next morning they landed on Point
+Venus, attended by the principal chiefs as conductors,
+and a number of the common people to assist in carrying
+the ammunition over the heights: what rendered their
+assistance more necessary, was their having to cross a
+rapid cataract, or river, which came down from the
+mountains, and formed so many curves. They had to
+ford it sixteen times in the course of their journey, which
+gave evident proofs of the superior strength of the natives
+over the English seamen. The former went over with
+ease, where the sailors could not stem the rapidity of the
+torrent without their help. They were, however, forced
+to send to the ship for ropes and tackles to gain some
+heights which were otherwise inaccessible.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104"></a>[<a href="./images/104.png">104</a>]</span>
+On the party coming to a rest, the Lieutenant expressed
+a wish to one of the natives for something to eat, who told
+him he might be supplied with plenty of victuals ready
+dressed; he immediately ran to a temple, or place of
+worship, where meat was regularly served to their god,
+and came running with a roasted pig, that had been
+presented that day. This striking instance of impiety
+rather startled the Lieutenant, which the other easily
+got over, by saying there was more left than the god
+could eat.</p>
+
+<p>It was with much difficulty they could restrain the
+natives from committing depredations on the Cava
+grounds of the upper districts, as they were on the eve
+of a war with them respecting the hereditary right of
+the crown.</p>
+
+<p>The party now arrived at the residence of a great
+chief, who received them with much hospitality and
+kindness; and after refreshing them with plenty of meat
+and drink, carried the officer to visit the Morai of the dead
+chief, his father. Mr. Corner judging it necessary, by
+every mark of attention, to gain the good graces of this
+great man, ordered his party to draw up, and fire three
+vollies over the deceased, who was brought out in his
+best new cloaths, on the occasion; but the burning
+cartridge from one of the muskets, unfortunately set fire
+to the paper cloaths of the dead chief. This unlucky
+disaster threw the son into the greatest perplexity, as
+agreeable to their laws, should the corpse of his father
+be stolen away, or otherwise destroyed, he forfeits his
+title and estate, and it descends to the next heir.</p>
+
+<p>There was at the same time a party embarked by water,
+under the command of Lieutenant Hayward, who took
+with him some of the principal chiefs, amongst whom was
+Oedidy, before mentioned by Captain Cook, who went a
+voyage with him, but fell into disrepute amongst them,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105"></a>[<a href="./images/105.png">105</a>]</span>
+from affirming he had seen water in a solid form; alluding
+to the ice. He also took with him one Brown, an Englishman,
+that had been left on shore by an American vessel
+that had called there, for being troublesome on board:
+but otherwise a keen, penetrating, active fellow, who
+rendered many eminent services, both in this expedition
+and the subsequent part of the voyage. He had lived
+upwards of twelve months amongst the natives, adopted
+perfectly their manners and customs, even to the eating
+of raw fish, and dipping his roast pork into a cocoa nut
+shell of salt water, according to their manner, as substitute
+for salt. He likewise avoided all intercourse
+and communication with the <i>Bounty's</i> people, by which
+means necessity forced him to gain a pretty competent
+knowledge of their language; and from natural complexion
+was much darker than any of the natives.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Edwards had taken every possible means of
+gaining the friendship of Tamarrah, the great prince of
+the upper district, by sending him very liberal presents,
+which effectually brought him over to our interest. The
+mutineers were now cut off from every hope of resource;
+the natives were harrassing them behind, and Mr. Hayward
+and his party advancing in front; under cover of
+night they had taken shelter in a hut in the woods, but
+were discovered by Brown, who creeping up to the place
+where they were asleep, distinguished them from the
+natives by feeling their toes; as people unaccustomed to
+wear shoes are easily discovered from the spread of their
+toes. Next day Mr. Hayward attacked them, but they
+grounded their arms without opposition; their hands were
+bound behind their back and sent down to the boat under
+a strong guard.</p>
+
+<p>During the whole business there was only two natives
+killed; one was shot in the dusk of the evening, two nights
+before the people surrendered, by one of the centinels,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106"></a>[<a href="./images/106.png">106</a>]</span>
+who had his musket twice beat out of his hand from the
+natives pelting our party with large stones; but the
+instant he was shot, some of his friends rushed in and
+carried off the corpse.</p>
+
+<p>The other native was shot by the mutineers; when
+attacked by the natives they took to a river; a stone
+being thrown by one of the natives at the wife, or woman,
+of one of the mutineers, enraged him so much, that he
+immediately shot the offender.</p>
+
+<p>A prison was built for their accommodation on the
+quarter deck, that they might be secure, and apart from
+our ship's company; and that it might have every
+advantage of a free circulation of air, which rendered it
+the most desirable place in the ship. Orders were likewise
+given that they should be victualled, in every respect
+in the same as the ship's company, both in meat, liquor,
+and all the extra indulgencies with which we were so
+liberally supplied, notwithstanding the established laws
+of the service, which restricts prisoners to two-thirds
+allowance: but Captain Edwards very humanely commiserated
+with their unhappy and inevitable length of
+confinement. Oripai, the king's brother, a discerning,
+sensible, and intelligent chief, discovered a conspiracy
+amongst the natives on shore to cut our cables should it
+come to blow hard from the sea. This was more to be
+dreaded, as many of the prisoners were married to the most
+respectable chiefs' daughters in the district opposite to
+where we lay at anchor; in particular one, who took the
+name of Stewart, a man of great possession in landed
+property, near Matavy Bay: a gentleman of that name
+belonging to the <i>Bounty</i> having married his daughter,
+and he, as his friend and father-in law, agreeable to their
+custom, took his name.</p>
+
+<p>Ottoo the king, his two brothers, and all the principal
+chiefs, appeared extremely anxious for our safety; and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107"></a>[<a href="./images/107.png">107</a>]</span>
+after the prisoners were on board, kept watch during the
+night; were always keeping a sharp look out upon our
+cables, and continually spurring the centinels to be careful
+in their duty. The prisoners' wives visited the ship daily
+and brought their children, who were permitted to be
+carried to their unhappy fathers. To see the poor captives
+in irons, weeping over their tender offspring, was too
+moving a scene for any feeling heart. Their wives
+brought them ample supplies of every delicacy that the
+country afforded while we lay there, and behaved with the
+greatest fidelity and affection to them.</p>
+
+<p>Next day the king, his two queens, and retinue, came on
+board to pay us a formal visit, preceded by a band of
+music. The ladies had about sixty or seventy yards of
+Otaheitee cloth wrapt round them, and were so bulky
+and <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'unweildy'">unwieldy</ins> with it, they were obliged to be hoisted on
+board like horn cattle: hogs, cocoa-nuts, bananas, a
+rich sort of peach, and a variety of ready dressed puddings
+and victuals, composed their present to the Captain.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as they were on board, the Captain debarassoit
+the ladies, by rolling their linen round his middle; an
+indispensable ceremony here in receiving a present of cloth:
+and Medua, wife to Oripai, the king's brother, took a
+great liking to the Captain's laced coat, which he immediately
+put on her with much gallantry; and that beautiful
+princess seemed much elated with her new finery. I
+cannot ommit a circumstance of this lady's attachment
+to dress. There was a custom which had prevailed for
+a long time, to present the god with all red feathers that
+could be procured; but thinking she would become
+red feathers full as well as his godship, immediately
+employed all her domestics making them up into fly
+flaps, and other personal ornaments, to prevent the altar
+making a monopoly of all the good things, in this, as
+well as in other countries.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108"></a>[<a href="./images/108.png">108</a>]</span>
+A grand H&aelig;va was next day ordered for our entertainment
+ashore, on Point Venus, and on our landing we were
+preceded by a band of music, and led to where the king
+and his levee were in waiting to receive us. The course
+was soon cleared by the chiefs, and the entertainment
+began by two men, who vied with each other in filthy
+lascivious attitudes, and frightful distortions of their
+mouths. These having performed their part, two ladies,
+pretty fancifully dressed, as described in Captain Cook's
+Voyages, were introduced after a little ceremony. Something
+resembling a turkey-cock's tail, and stuck on their
+rumps in a fan kind of fashion, about five feet in diameter,
+had a very good effect while the ladies kept their faces
+to us; but when in a bending attitude, they presented
+their rumps, to shew the wonderful agility of their loins;
+the effect is better conceived than described. After
+half an hour's hard exercise, the dear creatures had rem&uuml;&eacute;
+themselves into a perfect fureur, and the piece concluded
+by the ladies exposing that which is better felt than seen;
+and, in that state of nature, walked from the bottom of
+the theatre to the top where we were sitting on the grass,
+till they approached just by us, and then we complimented
+them in bowing, with all the honours of war.</p>
+
+<p>These accomplishments are so much prized amongst
+them that girls come from the interior parts of the
+country to the court residence, for improvement in the
+H&aelig;va, just as country gentlemen send their daughters to
+London boarding-schools.</p>
+
+<p>This may well be called the Cytheria of the southern
+hemisphere, not only from the beauty and elegance of
+the women, but their being so deeply versed in, and so
+passionately fond of the Eleusinian mysteries; and
+what poetic fiction has painted of Eden, or Arcadia, is
+here realized, where the earth without tillage produces
+both food and cloathing, the trees loaded with the richest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109"></a>[<a href="./images/109.png">109</a>]</span>
+of fruit, the carpet of nature spread with the most odoriferous
+flowers, and the fair ones ever willing to fill your
+arms with love.</p>
+
+<p>It affords a happy instance of contradicting an opinion
+propagated by philosophers of a less bountiful soil, who
+maintain that every virtuous or charitable act a man
+commits, is from selfish and interrested views. Here
+human nature appears in more amiable colours, and the
+soul of man, free from the gripping hand of want, acts
+with a liberality and bounty that does honour to his
+God.</p>
+
+<p>A native of this country divides every thing in common
+with his friend, and the extent of the word friend, by
+them, is only bounded by the universe, and was he reduced
+to his last morsel of bread, he cheerfully halves it with
+him; the next that comes has the same claim, if he wants
+it, and so in succession to the last mouthful he has. Rank
+makes no distinction in hospitality; for the king and
+beggar relieve each other in common.</p>
+
+<p>The English are allowed by the rest of the world, and I
+believe with some degree of justice, to be a generous,
+charitable people; but the Otaheiteans could not help
+bestowing the most contemptuous word in their language
+upon us, which is, Peery Peery, or Stingy.</p>
+
+<p>In becoming the Tyo, or friend of a man, it is expected
+you pay him a compliment, by cherishing his wife; but,
+being ignorant of that ceremony, I very innocently gave
+high offence to Matuara, the king of York Island, to whom
+I was introduced as his friend: a shyness took place on
+the side of his Majesty, from my neglect to his wife; but,
+through the medium of Brown the interpreter, he put
+me in mind of my duty, and on my promising my endeavours,
+matters were for that time made up. It was to
+me, however, a very serious inauguration: I was, in the
+first place, not a young man, and had been on shore a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110"></a>[<a href="./images/110.png">110</a>]</span>
+whole week; the lady was a woman of rank, being
+sister to Ottoo, the king of Otaheitee, and had in her
+youth been beautiful, and named Peggy Ottoo. She is
+the right hand dancing figure so elegantly delineated in
+Cook's Voyages. But Peggy had seen much service, and
+bore away many honourable scars in the fields of Venus.
+However, his Majesty's service must be done, and Matuara
+and I were again friends. He was a domesticated man,
+and passionately fond of his wife and children; but now
+became pensive and melancholy, dreading the child should
+be Piebald; though the lady was six months advanced in
+her pregnancy before we came to the island.</p>
+
+<p>The force of friendship amongst those good creatures,
+will be more fully understood from the following circumstance:
+Churchhill, the principal ringleader of the
+mutineers, on his landing, became the Tyo, or friend, of
+a great chief in the upper districts. Some time after the
+chief happening to die without issue, his title and estate,
+agreeable to their law from Tyoship, devolved on Churchhill,
+who having some dispute with one Thomson of the
+<i>Bounty</i>, was shot by him. The natives immediately rose,
+and revenged the death of Churchhill their chief, by
+killing Thomson, whose skull was afterwards shown to us,
+which bore evident marks of fracture.</p>
+
+<p>Oedidy, although perfectly devoted to our interest,
+on being appointed one of the guides in the expedition
+against the mutineers, expressed great horror at the act
+he was going to commit, in betraying his friend, being Tyo
+to one of them.</p>
+
+<p>They are much less addicted to thieving than when
+Capt. Cook visited them; and when things were stolen,
+by applying to the magistrate of the district, the goods
+were immediately returned; for, like every other well
+regulated police, the thief and justice were of one gang.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes we slightly punished the offenders, by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111"></a>[<a href="./images/111.png">111</a>]</span>
+cutting off their hair. A beautiful young creature, who
+lived at the Observatory with one of our young gentlemen,
+slipped out of bed from him in the night, and stole all his
+linen. She was punished for the theft, by shaving one
+of her eye-brows, and half of the hair off her head. She
+immediately run into the woods, and used to come once
+or twice a day to the tent, to request looking at herself
+in the glass; but the grotesque figure she cut, with one
+side entirely bald, made her shriek out, and run into the
+woods to shun society.</p>
+
+<p>With respect to agriculture, in a soil where nature has
+done so much, little is left to human industry; but had
+there been occasion for it, abilities would not be wanting.
+It is much to be lamented, that the endeavours of the
+philanthropic Sir Joseph Banks were frustrated, by their
+razing of every thing which he took so much pains to rear
+amongst them, a few shaddocks excepted. Tobacco
+and cotton have escaped their ravage; and they are
+much mortified that they cannot eradicate it from their
+grounds: but were a handloom on a simple construction,
+as used by the natives of Java, introduced amongst
+them, they could soon turn their cotton to good account.
+An instance of their ingenuity and imitative powers in
+matting, was a thing perfectly unknown amongst them till
+Captain Cook introduced it from Anamooka, one of the
+Friendly Isles: but in that branch of manufacture they
+now far surpass their original. They have likewise
+abundance of fine sugarcanes, growing spontaneously
+all over the island, from which rum and sugar might be
+extracted. Indeed an attempt was made by Coleman, the
+armourer of the <i>Bounty</i>, who made a still, and succeeded;
+but, dreading the effects of intoxication, both amongst
+themselves and the natives, very wisely put an end to
+his labours by breaking the still.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Bligh has likewise planted Indian corn, from<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112"></a>[<a href="./images/112.png">112</a>]</span>
+which much may be expected. On our landing, as soon
+as public business of more importance would permit,
+our gentlemen were indefatigable in laying out a piece of
+garden ground, and ditching it round. Lemons, oranges,
+limes, pine-apples, plants of the coffee tree, with all the
+lesser class of things, as onions, lettuces, peas, cabbages,
+and every thing necessary for culinary purposes, were
+planted.</p>
+
+<p>In order that they might not meet the same fate of
+the things planted by Sir Joseph Banks, Captain Edwards
+made use of every stratagem to make the chiefs fond of
+the oranges and limes, by dipping them in sugar, to cover
+the acid before it be presented to them to eat. Messrs.
+Corner and Hayward were equally zealous in using the
+most persuasive arguments with the chiefs to take care
+of our garden, and rear and propagate the plants when we
+were gone; to all which they lent a deaf ear, and treated
+the subject with much levity, saying, they might be very
+good to us, but that they were already plentifully supplied
+with every thing they wished or wanted, and had not
+occasion for more. But on the Lieutenant's representing,
+that if, on our return, they could supply us with plenty of
+such articles as we left with them, they in exchange would
+receive hatchets, knives, and red cloth, they seemed more
+favourably inclined to our project; and I have no doubt
+but that some after navigators will reap the benefit of
+their industry.</p>
+
+<p>The Bread-fruit, although the most delicate and nourishing
+food upon earth, is, with people like them, liable to
+inconveniencies; for in such a group or Archipelago of
+islands, whose inhabitants are in such various gradations
+of refinement, from the gentle and polished Otaheitean,
+to the savage and cannibal Feegee, a war amongst them is
+often attended with devastation as well as famine. By
+cutting round the bark of the Bread-fruit tree, a whole<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113"></a>[<a href="./images/113.png">113</a>]</span>
+country may be laid waste for four or five years, young
+trees not bearing in less time. Crops, such as Indian corn,
+English wheat and peas, that have been left amongst them,
+can in time of war be stored in granaries on the top of their
+almost inaccessible mountains.</p>
+
+<p>While speaking of the Bread-fruit tree, I can exemplify
+my subject from what happened to an island contiguous
+to Otaheite, whose coast abounded with fine fish; and
+the Otaheitans, being themselves too lazy to catch them,
+destroyed all the Bread-fruit trees on this little island; by
+which act of policy, they are obliged to send over boats
+with fish regularly to market, to be supplied with bread
+in barter from Otaheite. To this island they likewise
+send their wives, thinking they become fair by living on
+fish, and low diet. They also send boys for the same
+reason, whom they keep for abominable purposes.</p>
+
+<p>As to the religion of this country, it is difficult for me
+to define it. Their tenets, although equally ignorant of
+heathen mythology or theological intricacies, seem to
+partake of both; and, like other nations in the early
+ages of society, are rendered subservient to political
+purposes, as by the machinery of deification the person
+of the king is sacred and inviolable. Notwithstanding
+the king be a broad shouldered strapping fellow, three
+sturdy stallions of <i>cecisbeos</i>, or lords in waiting, are kept
+for the particular amusement of the queen, when his
+majesty is in his cups. Yet the royal issue is always
+declared to be sprung from the immortal Gods; and the
+heir-apparent, during his minority, is put under the tuition
+of the high priest. Their God is supposed to be omnipresent,
+and is worshipped in spirit, idolatry not being
+known amongst them. The sacred mysteries are only
+known to the priests or augurs, the king, princes, and great
+chiefs, the common people only serving as victims, or to
+fill up the pageantry of a religious procession. One of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114"></a>[<a href="./images/114.png">114</a>]</span>
+our gentlemen expressing a wish to the high priest, of
+carrying from amongst them that God whose altars
+craved so much human blood, he, like a true priest, had
+his subterfuge ready, by saying, there were more of the
+same family in the other islands, from whence they could
+easily be supplied. On all great occasions, each district
+sends a male victim; and the island containing forty
+districts, it may be presumed the mortality is great.
+Between the sacrifices and the ravages of war, a preponderating
+number of females must have taken place;
+to counteract which, a law passed, that every other
+female child should be put to death at birth; and the
+husband always officiating as acoucheur to his wife, the
+child is destroyed as soon as the sex is discovered.</p>
+
+<p>The absurdity of this inhuman law is now pretty
+evident. Women are become more scarce, and set a
+higher value on their charms, which occasions many
+desperate battles amongst them. Some with fractured
+skulls were sent on board of us, which had been got in
+amorous affrays of that kind.</p>
+
+<p>It may naturally be supposed, that people of such
+gentle natures make no conspicuous figure in the theatre
+of war.</p>
+
+<p>Their war-canoes are very large, on which a platform is
+placed, capable of containing from a hundred and fifty
+to two hundred men. But their taste in decorating the
+prow of their men of war, plainly indicates they are more
+versed in the fields of Venus than Mars, every man of
+war having a figure head of the god Priapus, with a preposterous
+insignia of his order; the sight of which never
+fails to excite great glee and good humour amongst the
+ladies.</p>
+
+<p>It is customary with those nations at war, that the
+treaty of peace be confirmed by the conquerors sending a
+certain number of their women to cohabit with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115"></a>[<a href="./images/115.png">115</a>]</span>
+nation that is vanquished, in order to conciliate their
+affection by a bond more lasting than wax and parchment.
+It was the unhappy lot of Otaheite to be overcome by a
+nation whose women were too masculine for them;
+they being accustomed to the amorous dalliance of their
+own beautiful females, were averse to familiar intercourse
+with strangers. The ladies returned with all the rage
+of disappointed women, and the war was renewed with
+all its horrors.</p>
+
+<p>They are well acquainted with the bow and arrow, but
+use it as an amusement. The only missive weapons
+they use are the sling and spear. They have now amongst
+them about twenty stand of arms, and two hundred
+rounds of powder and ball. They can take a musket to
+pieces, and put it up again; are good marksmen, take
+proper care of their arms and ammunition; and are
+highly sensible of the superior advantage it gives them over
+the neighbouring nations.</p>
+
+<p>In the preparing and printing their cloth, the women
+display a great share of ingenuity and good taste. Many
+of their figures were exactly the patterns which prevailed,
+as fashionable, when we left England, both striped and
+figured. They print their figured cloth by dipping the
+leaves in dye-stuffs of different colours, placing them as
+their fancy directs. Their cloth is of different texture
+of fineness, from a stuff of the same nature in quality
+as the slightest India paper, to a kind as durable as some
+of our cottons; but they will not bear water, and of course
+become troublesome and expensive. They are generally
+made up in bales, running about two yards broad, and
+twenty or thirty yards long. We had some thousands of
+yards of it sent on board as presents.</p>
+
+<p>Their sumptuary laws, at first sight, may appear
+severe towards the fair sex, who are not permitted to eat
+butchermeat, nor to eat at all, in the presence of their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116"></a>[<a href="./images/116.png">116</a>]</span>
+husbands. It certainly does not convey the most delicate
+ideas, to a mind impressed with much sensibility, to see a
+fine woman devouring a piece of beef; and those voluptuaries,
+who may be said to exist only by their women,
+would naturally endeavour to remove the possibility of
+presupposing a disgusting idea in that object in which all
+their happiness centres.</p>
+
+<p>Every woman, the queen and royal family excepted,
+on the approach of the king, is denuded down to the waist,
+and continues so whilst his majesty is in sight. Should
+the king enter a woman's house, it is immediately pulled
+down. The king is never permitted to help himself with
+meat or drink, which makes him a very troublesome
+visitor, as he is never quiet whilst a bottle is in sight till
+he has had the last drop of it.</p>
+
+<p>Their houses are well adapted to the temperate climate
+they inhabit, and generally consist of three chambers,
+the interior one of which the chief retires to, after he has
+drank his cava. A profound silence is observed during his
+repose; for should they be suddenly awaked, it produces
+violent vomiting, and a train of uneasy sensations; but,
+otherwise, if undisturbed, it proves a safe anodyne, creates
+amorous dreams, and a powerful excitement to venery.
+In the adjoining chamber, his fair spouse waits, with
+eager expectation, to avail herself of the happy moment
+when her lord should awake, which is by slow degrees;
+and he is roused from Elysium, by her gentle offices, in
+tenderly embracing every part of his body, until his ideal
+scenes of bliss are realised; and when fully sated with the
+luscious banquet, they retire to the bath, to gather fresh
+vigour for a renewal of similar joys. In this mazy round
+of chaste dissipation, the hours glide gently on, and the
+evening is spent in dancing to the music of Pan's pipes,
+the flute, and h&aelig;va drum. They then go to the bath
+again, and the festivity of the evening is concluded with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117"></a>[<a href="./images/117.png">117</a>]</span>
+a repast of fruit, and young cocoanut milk. The whole
+village indiscriminately join the feast; and the demon of
+rank and precedence, with their appendages malevolence
+and envy, has never yet disturbed their happy board.</p>
+
+<p>Happy would it have been for those people had they
+never been visited by Europeans; for, to our shame be
+it spoken, disease and gunpowder is all the benefit they
+have ever received from us, in return for their hospitality
+and kindness. The ravages of the venereal disease is
+evident, from the mutilated objects so frequent amongst
+them, where death has not thrown a charitable veil over
+their misery, by putting a period to their existence.</p>
+
+<p>A disease of the consumptive kind has of late made
+great havoc amongst them; this they call the British
+disease, as they have only had it since their intercourse
+with the English.</p>
+
+<p>In this complaint they are avoided by society, from a
+supposition of its being contagious; and in every old out-house,
+you will find miserable objects, for want of medical
+assistance, abandoned to their wretched fate. From what
+we could learn, it generally terminates fatally in ten or
+twelve months; but I am led to believe, that in many cases
+it originates from the venereal disease.<a name="FNanchor_117-1" id="FNanchor_117-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_117-1" class="fnanchor">[117-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>The voice of humanity honour, and justice, calls upon
+us as a nation to remedy those evils, by sending some
+intelligent surgeon to live amongst them. They at
+present pant for the pruning-hand of civilization and the
+arts; love and adore us as beings of a superior nature, but
+gently upbraid us with having left them in the same
+abject state they were at first discovered.</p>
+
+<p>We had buoyed many of them up with the hopes of
+carrying them to England with us, in order to secure their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118"></a>[<a href="./images/118.png">118</a>]</span>
+fidelity and honesty, especially those who were most
+useful in our domestic concerns; but on explaining to
+them that even bread was not to be obtained in England
+without labour, they lost hopes of their favourite voyage.</p>
+
+<p>Large presents were now brought us for our sea-store;
+and notwithstanding Mr. Bentham our purser having
+most liberally supplied the ship with four pounds of fresh
+pork per man each day, it made no apparent scarcity;
+beside salting some thousand weight, and a prodigious
+number of goats, fowls, and other things. Could we have
+made it convenient to have staid another week, some cows
+were promised to have been sent us from a neighbouring
+island. Capt. Cook had left with them a horse and mare,
+a cow with calf, and a bull; but, from some mistake,
+they killed a horse instead of one of the cows, and found it
+very tough, disagreeable eating, by which means they were
+disgusted with all the horned cattle, and drew an unfavourable
+conclusion that their meat was all of the same
+texture. Had some pains been taken with them, to get
+the better of a dislike they have to milk, and explained to
+them how variously it might be employed as food, I
+have no doubt but they would have paid more attention to
+the horned cattle. They used to persist in saying that
+milk was urine; but on pointing to a woman that was
+suckling her child, and pushing their own argument,
+they seemed convinced of their error. We have left them
+a goose and a gander, which they take a great delight in.</p>
+
+<p>Edea, the Queen, endeavoured to conquer that absurd
+dislike, and at last became fond of milk in her tea.</p>
+
+<p>A painting of Capt. Cook, done in oil by Webber, which
+had been delivered to Capt. Edwards on his first landing,
+was now returned to them. It is held by them in the
+greatest veneration; and I should not be surprised if,
+one day or other, divine honours should be paid to it.
+They still believe Capt. Cook is living; and their seeing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119"></a>[<a href="./images/119.png">119</a>]</span>
+Mr. Bentham our purser, whom they perfectly recollected
+as having been the voyage with him, and spoke their
+language, will confirm them in that opinion.</p>
+
+<p>The harbour was surveyed by Mr. Geo. Passmore, the
+master, an able and experienced officer.</p>
+
+<p>Our officers here, as at Rio Janeiro, showed the most
+manly and philanthropic disposition, by giving up their
+cabins, and sacrificing every comfort and convenience
+for the good of mankind, in accommodating boxes with
+plants of the Bread-fruit tree, that the laudable intentions
+of government might not be frustrated from the loss of
+his majesty's ship <i>Bounty</i>.</p>
+
+<p>We had now completed our water from an excellent
+spring, out of a rock close to the water's edge, at Offaree.</p>
+
+<p>King Ottoo, and his queen Edea, came on board,
+and were very importunate in their solicitations to Capt.
+Edwards, requesting him to take them to England with
+him. Aeredy, the concubine, likewise requested the same
+favour; but she more generously begged they might all
+three go together. But Oripai, and the other chiefs,
+remonstrated against his going, as they were on the eve
+of a war.</p>
+
+<p>We were now perfectly ready for sea; and as Capt.
+Cook's picture is presented to all strangers, it is customary
+for navigators to write their observations on the back of
+it; so our arrival and departure was notified upon it.</p>
+
+<p>The ship was filled with cocoa-nuts and fruit, as many
+pigs, goats, and fowls, as the decks and boats would hold.
+The dismal day of our departure now arrived. This I
+believe was the first time that an Englishman got up his
+anchor, at the remotest part of the globe, with a heavy
+heart, to go home to his own country. Every canoe
+almost in the island was hovering round the ship; and
+they began to mourn, as is customary for the death of a
+near relation. They bared their bodies, cut their heads<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120"></a>[<a href="./images/120.png">120</a>]</span>
+with shells, and smeared their breasts and shoulders with
+the warm blood, as it streamed down; and as the blood
+ceased flowing, they renewed the wounds in their head,
+attended with a dismal yell.</p>
+
+<p>Ottoo now took leave of us; and, with the tears
+trickling down his cheeks, begged to be remembered to
+King George. The tender was put in commission, and the
+command of her given to Mr. Oliver the master's mate,
+Mr. Renouard a midshipman, James Dodds a quartermaster;
+and six privates were put on board of her.
+She was decked, beautifully built, and the size of a
+Gravesend boat.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91-1" id="Footnote_91-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91-1"><span class="label">[91-1]</span></a> First printed at Berwick in 1793.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_96-1" id="Footnote_96-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96-1"><span class="label">[96-1]</span></a> Afternoon entertainments.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_117-1" id="Footnote_117-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_117-1"><span class="label">[117-1]</span></a> Compare the ravages of the great Lila (wasting sickness) in Fiji,
+and the accounts of similar visitations following on the first visit of an
+European ship to an insular people. (The Fijians, p. 243).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121"></a>[<a href="./images/121.png">121</a>]</span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAP_II" id="CHAP_II"></a>CHAP. II.</h2>
+
+<h3>VOYAGE FROM OTAHEITE TO ANAMOOKA.</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">With</span> a pleasant breeze, on the evening of the 8th of May,
+passed Emea or York Island, contiguous to, and in sight
+of Otaheite. It is governed by Matuara, brother-in-law
+to Ottoo. It is a pleasant romantic looking spot, with
+very high hills upon it, and about twelve miles in circumference.
+They were lately attacked by some neighbouring
+power, and Matuara requested the lend of a
+musket from his friend and ally. When peace was restored,
+Ottoo sent for his musket. Matuara represented,
+that as a man, from a sense of honour, he wished to return
+it; but that as a king, the love he bore his subjects
+prevented him complying with the request. That single
+musket, and a few cartridges, gives him no small degree
+of consequence, and are retained as the royal dower of
+his wife.</p>
+
+<p>Next morning we reached Huaheine, and sent the boats
+on shore in Owharre Bay. As Oedidy the chief requested
+to go with us to Whytutakee, he went on shore with the
+officers, in their search for intelligence of the mutineers;
+but they returned without success.</p>
+
+<p>Here we learned the fate of Omai, the native of Otaheite,
+whom Captain Cook brought from England. On his
+return here he had wealth enough to obtain every fine
+woman on the island; and at last fell a martyr to Venus,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122"></a>[<a href="./images/122.png">122</a>]</span>
+having finished his career by the venereal disease, two
+years after his landing. His house and garden are still
+standing; but his musket occasioned a war after his
+death, and was found in the possession of a native of
+Ulitea. His servant was on board of us, but had not
+retained a single article of his property.</p>
+
+<p>On the 10th, we examined Ulitea and Otaha, interchanged
+presents with the natives, and landed in
+Chamanen's Bay; but got no information.</p>
+
+<p>We examined Bolobola on the 11th; and Tatahu, the
+king, honoured us with a visit. The people of this island
+are of a more warlike disposition than any other of the
+Society Islands; and on account of that national ferocity
+of character, are much caressed by the Otaheitans and
+neighbouring islands. They are sensible of their pre-eminence,
+and boast of their country, in whatever island
+you meet them. They are tatooed in a particular manner;
+and whether they may have spread their conquests, or
+other nations imitated them, I could not learn; but a
+prodigious number, in islands we afterwards visited, were
+tatooed in their fashion. What was most singular, we
+saw some with the glans of the penis entirely tatooed;
+and our men, from being tatooed in the legs, arms, and
+breast, places of much less sensation, were often lame
+for a week, from the excruciating torture of the operation.
+Tatahu likewise informed us there were no white men on
+Tubai, a small island to the northward of Bolobola, and
+under his jurisdiction; nor upon Mauruah, another
+island in sight, and to the westward of Bolobola. He also
+mentioned another island, which he called Mopehah.
+Here Oedidy went on shore; but getting drunk in meeting
+some of his old friends, he fell asleep, and lost his passage.
+On the 12th we left Mauruah, and on the 13th lost sight
+of the Society Islands.</p>
+
+<p>Here one of the prisoners begged to speak with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123"></a>[<a href="./images/123.png">123</a>]</span>
+Captain, and gave information of Mr. Christian's intended
+rout.</p>
+
+<p>We now shaped our course to fall in to the eastward of
+Whytutakee, an island discovered by Capt. Bligh, and
+on the 19th made the island. We sent the boat on shore,
+covered by the tender, to examine it; but found it a
+thing impossible for the <i>Bounty</i> to have been there; and
+the natives said they had seen no white people. They
+were very shy, and we could not coax them on board. One
+of them recollected having seen Lieut. Hayward on board
+the <i>Bounty</i>. Here we purchased from the natives a
+spear of most exquisite workmanship. It was nine feet
+long, and cut in the form of a Gothic spire, all its ornaments
+being executed in a kind of alto relievo; which, from the
+slow progress they made with stone tools, must have been
+the labour of a man's whole life.</p>
+
+<p>Here nature begins to assume a ruder aspect; and the
+silken bands of love gives way to the rustic garniture of
+war. The natives of either sex wear no cloathing, but a
+girdle of stained leaves round their middle, and the men
+a gorget, of the exact shape and size as at present wore
+by officers in our service. It is made of the pearl oyster-shell.
+The centre is black, and the transparent part of
+the shell is left as an edge or border to it, which gives it a
+very fine effect. It is slung round their neck with a band
+of human hair, or the fibres of cocoa nut-shell, of admirable
+texture, and a rose worked at each corner of the gorget,
+the same as the military jemmy of the present day.</p>
+
+<p>We now began to discover, that the ladies of Otaheite
+had left us many warm tokens of their affection.</p>
+
+<p>Instructions were given to the commander of the tender
+to be particular in guarding against surprise, and a
+rendezvous established, in case of separation; and on
+Sunday, the 22nd of May, made Palmerston's Islands.</p>
+
+<p>The tender's signal was made to cover the boats in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124"></a>[<a href="./images/124.png">124</a>]</span>
+landing; and some natives were seen rowing across the
+lagoon to a considerable distance. Soon after their
+landing, Lieut. Corner and his party discovered a yard
+and some spars marked <i>Bounty</i>, and the broad arrow upon
+them. When this intelligence was communicated to the
+ship, a signal was made to the party on shore to advance
+with great circumspection, and to guard against surprise.
+Mr. Rickards, the master's mate, went in the cutter, and
+made a circuit of the island.</p>
+
+<p>Lieuts. Corner and Hayward landed on the different
+isles with cork-jackets; but the surf running very high
+all round, rendered it exceedingly dangerous, and in
+many places impracticable. Had they not been expert
+swimmers, in duty of this kind, they must have certainly
+been drowned, as they had not only themselves and the
+party to take care of, but the arms and ammunition to
+land dry.</p>
+
+<p>About four o'clock in the afternoon, Mr. Sival the midshipman
+came on board in the jolly-boat, and brought
+with him several very curious stained canoes, representing
+the figure of men, fishes, and beasts. He had committed
+some mistake in the orders he was sent to execute, and was
+ordered to return immediately to rectify it; but the boat
+did not come back again. A few minutes after she left
+the ship, the weather became thick and hazy, and began to
+blow fresh; so that, even with the assistance of glasses,
+they could not see whether she made the shore or not. It
+continued to blow during the night, so as to prevent the
+party on shore from coming on board. They had been
+employed during the day in searching all the islands with
+particular attention, having every reason to suspect the
+mutineers were there, from finding the <i>Bounty's</i> yard and
+spars. But at last, wore out with fatigue in marching,
+and swimming through so many reefs, and having no
+victuals the whole day, in the evening they began to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125"></a>[<a href="./images/125.png">125</a>]</span>
+forage for something to eat. The gigantic cockle was the
+only thing that presented. Of the shell of one they made
+a kettle, to boil some junks of it in. (It may be necessary
+here to remark, for the information of those who are not
+acquainted with it, that there are some of them larger
+than three men can carry.) Of this coarse fare, and some
+cocoa-nuts, they made shift, with the assistance of a
+good appetite, to make a tolerable hearty supper; they
+then set the watch, and went to sleep. They had thrown
+a large nut on the fire before they lay down, and forgot
+it; but in the middle of the night, the milk of the cocoa-nut
+became so expanded with the heat, that it burst with a
+great explosion. Their minds had been so much engaged
+in the course of the day with the enterprise they were
+employed in, expecting muskets to be fired at them from
+every bush, that they all jumped up, seized their arms,
+and were some time before they could undeceive themselves
+that they were really not attacked.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning the boats returned; and we were much
+concerned to hear that they had seen nothing of the jolly-boat.
+The tender received a fresh supply of provisions
+and ammunition; at the same time they had orders to
+cruise in a certain direction, to look for the jolly-boat;
+and Palmerston's Isles was appointed as a rendezvous
+to meet again. Lieut. Corner now came on board, in a
+canoe not much bigger than a butcher's tray. The cutter
+was sent a second time to search the reefs, but returned
+without success. We then run down with the ship in
+the direction the wind had blown the preceding day, in
+hopes of finding the boat; but after a whole day's run to
+leeward, and working up again by traverses to the isles,
+saw nothing of her. The tender hove in sight in the evening,
+and we again searched the isles without success. All
+further hopes of seeing her were given up, and we proceeded
+on our voyage. It may be difficult to surmise<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126"></a>[<a href="./images/126.png">126</a>]</span>
+what has been the fate of these unfortunate men. They
+had a piece of salt-beef thrown into the boat to them on
+leaving the ship; and it rained a good deal that night and
+the following day, which might satiate their thirst. It is
+by these accidents the Divine Ruler of the universe has
+peopled the southern hemisphere.<a name="FNanchor_126-1" id="FNanchor_126-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_126-1" class="fnanchor">[126-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>Here are innumerable islands in perpetual growth.
+The coral, a marine vegetable, with which the South Seas
+in every part abounds, is continually shooting up from
+the bottom to the surface, which at first forms lagoon
+islands; and the water in the centre is evaporated by
+the heat of the sun, till at last a terra firma is completed.
+In this state it would for ever remain a barren sand, had
+not Divine Providence given birth to the cocoa-nut tree,
+whose fruit is so protected with a hard shell, that after
+floating about for a twelve-month in the sea, it will
+vegetate, take root, and grow in those salt marshes,
+lagoons, incipient islands, or what you please to call them.
+Their roots serve to bind the surface of the coral; and
+the annual shedding of their leaves, in time creates a
+soil which produces a verdure or undergrowth. This
+affords a favourite resting-place to sea-fowls, and the
+whole feathered race, who in their dung drop the seeds of
+shrubs, fruits, and plants; by which means all the variety
+of the vegetable kingdom is disseminated. At last the
+variegated landscape rises to the view; and when the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127"></a>[<a href="./images/127.png">127</a>]</span>
+divine Architect has finished his work, it becomes then a
+residence for man.</p>
+
+<p>From the various accidents incident to man in the early
+stages of society, their wants, and the restless spirit
+inherent in their natures, they are tempted to dare
+the elements, either in fishing, commerce, or war; and
+from their temerity are often blown to remote and uninhabited
+islands. Distressing accidents of this nature
+often happening to inhabitants of the South Seas, they
+now seldom undertake any hazardous enterprise by water
+without a woman, and a sow with pig, being in the canoe
+with them; by which means, if they are cast on any of
+those uninhabited islands, they fix their abode.</p>
+
+<p>Their remote situation from European powers has
+deprived them of the culture of civilised life, as they
+neither serve to swell the ambitious views of conquest,
+nor the avarice of commerce. Here the sacred finger of
+Omnipotence has interposed, and rendered our vices the
+instruments of virtue; and although that unfortunate
+man Christian has, in a rash unguarded moment, been
+tempted to swerve from his duty to his king and country,
+as he is in other respects of an amiable character and
+respectable abilities, should he elude the hand of justice,
+it may be hoped he will employ his talents in humanizing
+the rude savages; so that, at some future period, a
+British Ilion may blaze forth in the south with all the
+characteristic virtues of the English nation, and complete
+the great prophecy, by propagating the Christian knowledge
+amongst the infidels. As Christian has taken fourteen
+beautiful women with him from Otaheite, there is
+little doubt of his intention of colonising some undiscovered
+island.</p>
+
+<p>On the 6th day of June, we discovered an island, which
+was named the Duke of York's island. Lieuts. Corner
+and Hayward were sent out to examine it in the two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128"></a>[<a href="./images/128.png">128</a>]</span>
+yauls, covered by the tender. Some huts being discovered
+by the ship, a signal was immediately made for the party
+on shore to be on their guard, and to advance with caution.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after their arrival on shore, a ship's wooden buoy
+was discovered. On searching the huts, nets of different
+sizes were found hanging in them, and a variety of fishing
+utensils. Stages and wharfs were likewise discovered
+in different parts of the creek, which led us to imagine it
+was only an island resorted to in the fishing season by
+some neighbouring nation. The skeleton of a very large
+fish, supposed to be a whale, was found near the beach;
+and a place of venerable aspect, formed entirely by the
+hand of Nature, and resembling a Druidical temple,
+commanded their attention. The falling of a very large
+old tree, formed an arch, through which the interior
+part of the temple was seen, which heightened the perspective,
+and gave a romantic solemn dignity to the scene.
+At the extreme end of the temple, three altars were placed,
+the centre one higher than the other two, on which some
+white shells were piled in regular order.<a name="FNanchor_128-1" id="FNanchor_128-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_128-1" class="fnanchor">[128-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>After traversing the island, they returned to the huts,
+and hung up a few knives, looking-glasses, and some little
+articles of European manufacture, that the natives, on
+their return, might know the island had been visited.</p>
+
+<p>On the 12th, we discovered another island, which was
+named the Duke of Clarence's island. In running along
+the land, we saw several canoes crossing the lagoons. The
+tender's signal was made, to cover the boats in landing,
+and Lieuts. Corner and Hayward sent to reconnoitre the
+beach, to discover a landing-place. In this duty they came
+pretty near some of the natives in their canoes, who made
+signs of peace to them; but, either from fear or business,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129"></a>[<a href="./images/129.png">129</a>]</span>
+avoided having any intercourse with us. Morais, or
+burying-places, were likewise found here, which indicated
+it to be a principal residence. Here they find
+some old cocoa trees hollowed longitudinally, as tanks
+or reservoirs for the rain water.</p>
+
+<p>On the 18th, we discovered an island of more considerable
+extent than any island that has hitherto been discovered
+in the south; and as there were many collateral
+circumstances which might hereafter promise it to be a
+discovery of national importance, in honour of the first
+lord of the admiralty, it was called Chatham's Island.
+It is beautifully diversified with hills and dales, of twice
+the extent of Otaheite, and a hardy warlike race of people.
+The natives described a large river to us, which disembogued
+itself into a spacious bay, that promises
+excellent anchorage.<a name="FNanchor_129-1" id="FNanchor_129-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_129-1" class="fnanchor">[129-1]</a> Here we learned the death of
+Fenow, king of Anamooka, from one of his family of the
+same name, who had a finger cut off in mourning for him.
+After trading a whole day with the natives, who seemed
+fair and honourable in their dealings, we examined it
+without success, and proceeded on our voyage.</p>
+
+<p>On the 21st we discovered a very considerable island,
+of about forty miles long. It was named by the natives
+Otutuelah. Capt. Edwards gave no name to it; but
+should posterity derive the advantages from it which it
+at present promises, I presume it may hereafter be called
+Edwards's island.<a name="FNanchor_129-2" id="FNanchor_129-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_129-2" class="fnanchor">[129-2]</a></p>
+
+<p>It is well wooded with immense large trees, whose foliage
+spreads like the oak; and there is a deal of shrubbery
+on it, bearing a yellow flower. The natives are remarkably
+handsome. Some of them had their skins tinged
+with yellow, as a mark of distinction, which at first led
+us to imagine they were diseased. Neither sex wear any<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130"></a>[<a href="./images/130.png">130</a>]</span>
+cloathing but a girdle of leaves round their middle,
+stained with different colours. The women adorn their
+hair with chaplets of sweet-smelling flowers and bracelets,
+and necklaces of flowers round their wrists and neck.</p>
+
+<p>On their first coming on board, they trembled for fear.
+They were perfectly ignorant of fire-arms, never having
+seen a European ship before. They made many gestures
+of submission, and were struck with wonder and surprise
+at every thing they saw. Amongst other things, they
+brought us some most remarkable fine puddings, which
+abounded with aromatic spiceries, that excelled in taste
+and flavour the most delicate seed-cake. As we have
+never hitherto known of spices or aromatics being in
+the South Seas, it is certainly a matter worthy the investigation
+of some future circumnavigators. We traded with
+them the whole day, and got many curiosities. Birds
+and fowls, of the most splendid plumage, were brought on
+board, some resembling the peacock, and a great variety
+of the parrot kind.</p>
+
+<p>One woman amongst many others came on board.
+She was six feet high, of exquisite beauty, and exact
+symmetry, being naked, and unconscious of her being so,
+added a lustre to her charms; for, in the words of the
+poet, "She needed not the foreign ornaments of dress;
+careless of beauty, she was beauty's self."</p>
+
+<p>Many mouths were watering for her; but Capt. Edwards,
+with great humanity and prudence, had given previous
+orders, that no woman should be permitted to go below,
+as our health had not quite recovered the shock it received
+at Otaheite; and the lady was obliged to be contented
+with viewing the great cabin, where she was shewn the
+wonders of the Lord on the face of the mighty deep.
+Before evening, the women went all on shore, and the
+men began to be troublesome and pilfering. The third
+lieutenant had a new coat stole out of his cabin; and they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131"></a>[<a href="./images/131.png">131</a>]</span>
+were making off with every bit of iron they could lay
+hands on.</p>
+
+<p>It now came on to blow fresh, and we were obliged
+to make off from the land. Those who were engaged in
+trade on board were so anxious, that we had got almost
+out of sight of their canoes before they perceived the ship's
+motion, when they all jumped into the water like a flock
+of wild geese; but one fellow, more earnest than the
+rest, hung by the rudder chains for a mile or two, thinking
+to detain her.</p>
+
+<p>This evening, at five o'clock, we unfortunately parted
+company, and lost sight of our tender. False fires were
+burnt, and great guns and small arms were fired without
+success, as it came on thick blowing weather.</p>
+
+<p>We cruised for her all the 23rd and 24th, near where we
+parted company, which was off a piece of remarkable
+high land. What was most unfortunate, water and
+provisions were then on deck for her, which were intended
+to have been put on board of her in the morning. She
+had the day before received orders, in case of separation,
+to rendezvous at Anamooka, and to wait there for us. A
+small cag of salt, and another of nails and iron-ware,
+were likewise put on board of her, to traffic with the
+Indians, and the latitudes and longitudes of the places
+we would touch at, in our intended rout. She had a boarding
+netting fixed, to prevent her being boarded, and several
+seven-barrelled pieces and blunderbusses put on board
+of her.</p>
+
+<p>As we proceeded to the eastward, we saw another
+island, which we knew to be one of the navigator's isles,
+discovered by Mons. Bougainville. On the 28th, in the
+morning, saw the Happai Islands, discovered by Capt.
+Cook, and before noon, the group of islands to the eastward
+of Anamooka, and sailed down between Little
+Anamooka and the <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Falafagee'">Fallafagee</ins> Island.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132"></a>[<a href="./images/132.png">132</a>]</span>
+On the 29th, we anchored in the road of Anamooka.
+Immediately on our arrival, a large sailing canoe was
+hired, and Lieut. Hayward and one private sent to the
+Happai and Feegee Islands,<a name="FNanchor_132-1" id="FNanchor_132-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_132-1" class="fnanchor">[132-1]</a> to make inquiry after the
+<i>Bounty</i> and our tender; but received no intelligence.
+Here they found an axe, which had been left by Capt.
+Cook, and bartered with the natives of the different
+islands for hogs, yams, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>The people of Anamooka are the most daring set of
+robbers in the South Seas; and, with the greatest deference
+and submission to Capt. Cook, I think the name of
+Friendly Isles is a perfect misnomer, as their behaviour
+to himself, to us, and to Capt. Bligh's unfortunate boat at
+Murderer's Cove, pretty clearly evinces. Indeed Murderer's
+Cove, in the Friendly Isles, is saying a volume on
+the subject.</p>
+
+<p>Two or three of the officers were taking a walk on shore
+one evening, who had the precaution to take their pistols
+with them. They seemed to crowd round us with more
+than idle curiosity; but, on presenting the pistols to
+them, they sheered off. The Captain soon joined us,
+and brought his servant with him, carrying a bag of nails,
+and some trifling presents, which he meant to distribute
+amongst them; but he took the bag from him, and
+dispatched him with a message to the boat, on which the
+crowd followed him. As soon as he got out of our sight,
+they stripped him naked, and robbed him of his cloaths,
+and every article he had, but one shoe, which he used for
+concealing his nakedness. At this juncture Lieut. Hayward
+arrived from his expedition, and called the assistance
+of the guard in searching for the robbers. We saw
+the natives all running, and dodging behind the trees, which
+led us to suspect there was some mischief brewing; but
+we soon discovered the great Irishman, with his shoe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133"></a>[<a href="./images/133.png">133</a>]</span>
+full in one hand, and a bayonet in the other, naked and
+foaming mad with revenge on the natives, for the treatment
+he had received. Night coming on, we went on
+board, without recovering the poor fellow's cloathes.</p>
+
+<p>Next day we were honoured with a visit from Tatafee,
+king of Anamooka, who was of lineal descent from the
+same family that reigned in the island when discovered
+by Tasman, the Dutch circumnavigator; and the story
+of his landing and supplying them with dogs and hogs,
+is handed down, by oral tradition, to this day.<a name="FNanchor_133-1" id="FNanchor_133-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_133-1" class="fnanchor">[133-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>Here society may be said to exist in the second stage
+with respect to Otaheite. As land is scarcer, private
+property is more exactly ascertained, and each man's
+possession fenced in with a beautiful Chinese railing.
+Highways, and roads leading to public places, are neatly
+fenced in on each side, and a handsome approach to their
+houses by a gravel-walk, with shubbery planted with some
+degree of taste on each side of it. Many of them had
+rows of pine apples on each side of the avenue. Messrs.
+Hayward and Corner, with their usual benevolence,
+took much pains in teaching them the manner of transplanting
+their pine-apples; which hint they immediately
+adopted, and were very thankful for any advice, either in
+rearing their fruit, or cultivating their ground. The
+shaddocks are superior in flavour to those of the West
+Indies; and they will soon have oranges from what we
+have left amongst them.</p>
+
+<p>The women here are extremely beautiful; and although
+they want that feminine softness of manners which the
+Otaheite women possess in so eminent a degree, their
+matchless vivacity, and fine animated countenances,
+compensate the want of the softer blandishments of their
+sister island.</p>
+
+<p>There is a favourite amusement of the ladies here, (the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134"></a>[<a href="./images/134.png">134</a>]</span>
+cup and ball), such as children play at in England. It
+serves to give them a d&eacute;gag&eacute; kind of air, by which means
+you have a more elegant display of their charms. They
+are well aware of their fascinating powers, and use them
+with as much address as our fine women do notting, and
+other acts of industry. Trade went briskly on. They
+brought abundance of hogs, and several ton weight of
+very excellent yams. We found that the pork took salt,
+and was cured much better here than at Otaheite.</p>
+
+<p>Many beautiful girls were brought on board for sale
+by their mothers, who were very exorbitant in their
+demands, as nothing less than a broad axe would satisfy
+them; but after standing their market three days, <i>la
+pucelage</i> fell to an old razor, a pair of scissors, or a very
+large nail. Indeed this trade was pushed to so great a
+height, that the quarter-deck became the scene of the
+most indelicate familiarities. Nor did the unfeeling
+mothers commiserate with the pain and suffering of the
+poor girls, but seemed to enjoy it as a monstrous good
+thing. It is customary here, when girls meet with an
+accident of this kind, that a council of matrons is held,
+and the noviciate has a gash made in her fore finger. We
+soon observed a number of cut fingers amongst them;
+and had the razors held out, I believe all the girls in the
+island would have undergone the same operation.</p>
+
+<p>A party was sent on shore to cut wood for fuel, and
+grass for the sheep; but they would not permit a blade of
+grass to be cut till they were paid for it.</p>
+
+<p>The watering party shared the same fate; and notwithstanding
+a guard of armed men were sent to protect
+the others whilst on that duty, the natives were continually
+harassing them, and commiting depredations.
+One of them came behind Lieut. Corner, and made a
+blow at him with his club, which luckily missed his head,
+and only stunned him in the back of the neck; and,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135"></a>[<a href="./images/135.png">135</a>]</span>
+while in that state, snatched his handkerchief from him;
+but Mr. Corner recovering before the thief got out of sight,
+levelled his piece and shot him dead.</p>
+
+<p>Tatafee<a name="FNanchor_135-1" id="FNanchor_135-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_135-1" class="fnanchor">[135-1]</a> the king was going to collect tribute from the
+islands under his jurisdiction, and went in the frigate to
+Tofoa; but previous to our sailing, a letter was left to
+Mr. Oliver, the commander of the tender, should he chance
+to arrive before our return, with Macaucala, a principal
+chief. In the night, the burning mountain on Tofoa
+exhibited a very grand spectacle; and in the morning two
+canoes were sent on shore, to announce the arrival of
+those two great personages, Tatafee and Toobou, who went
+on shore in the <i>Pandora's</i> barge, to give them more
+consequence; but the tributary princes came off in canoes,
+to do homage to Tatafee before he reached the shore.
+They came alongside the barge, lowered their heads over
+the side of the canoe, and Tatafee, agreeable to their
+custom, put his foot upon their heads. When on shore,
+what presents he had received from us, he distributed
+amongst his subjects, with a liberality worthy of a great
+prince.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the people were here who behaved with such
+savage barbarity to Capt. Bligh's boat at Murderer's
+Cove. They perfectly recollected Mr. Hayward, and
+seemed to shrink from him. Captain Edwards took
+much pains with Tatafee, the king, to make him sensible
+of his disapprobation of their conduct to Capt. Bligh's
+boat. But conciliatory and gentle means were all that
+could be enjoined at present, lest our tender should
+fall in amongst them.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_126-1" id="Footnote_126-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126-1"><span class="label">[126-1]</span></a> This gives occasion for a splenetic and unjust tirade from an
+anonymous writer in the <i>United Service Journal</i> for 1831: "When
+this boat with a midshipman and several men (four) had been inhumanely
+ordered from alongside, it was known that there was nothing
+in her but one piece of salt beef, compassionately thrown in by a
+seaman; and horrid as must have been their fate, the flippant
+surgeon, after detailing the disgraceful fact, adds 'that this is the
+way the world was peopled,' or words to that effect, for we quote
+only from memory." With a fresh E.S.E. breeze and no provisions
+there can be little doubt that Midshipman Sival perished at sea, but
+neither Edwards nor Hamilton are to be censured, the former for
+despatching a boat on ordinary duty, the latter for penning a
+platitude.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_128-1" id="Footnote_128-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_128-1"><span class="label">[128-1]</span></a> This suggests the Fijian <i>Nanga</i>, or 'bed of the ancestors,' a cult
+introduced by native castaways many generations ago. These
+castaways may have been Polynesians.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_129-1" id="Footnote_129-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129-1"><span class="label">[129-1]</span></a> Savaii in the Samoa group. See <a href="#Footnote_49-1">p. 49</a> <i>ante</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_129-2" id="Footnote_129-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129-2"><span class="label">[129-2]</span></a> It is known by its native name, Tutuila.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_132-1" id="Footnote_132-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_132-1"><span class="label">[132-1]</span></a> A mistake. Hayward visited Huapai only.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_133-1" id="Footnote_133-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_133-1"><span class="label">[133-1]</span></a> Tasman visited Namuka in 1642.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_135-1" id="Footnote_135-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135-1"><span class="label">[135-1]</span></a> Fatafehi.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136"></a>[<a href="./images/136.png">136</a>]</span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAP_III" id="CHAP_III"></a>CHAP. III.</h2>
+
+<h3>VOYAGE FROM ANAMOOKA, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE
+LOSS OF THE <i>PANDORA</i>.</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> wind not permitting us to visit Tongataboo, we
+proceeded to Catooa and Navigator's Isles, the loss of
+our tender having prevented us from doing it before,
+and endeavoured to fall in with the eastermost of these
+islands.</p>
+
+<p>On the morning of the 12th of July, we discovered a
+cluster of islands in the N.W. quarter; but the wind being
+favourable for us, left examining of them till our return
+to the Friendly Isles.<a name="FNanchor_136-1" id="FNanchor_136-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_136-1" class="fnanchor">[136-1]</a> On the 14th, in the forenoon,
+saw three isles, supposed to be the cluster of isles called
+by Bougainville Navigator's Isles. The largest the
+natives called Tumaluah.<a name="FNanchor_136-2" id="FNanchor_136-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_136-2" class="fnanchor">[136-2]</a> We passed them at a little
+distance, and found much intreaty necessary to bring
+them on board.</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th, we saw another island, which proved to be
+Otutuelah,<a name="FNanchor_136-3" id="FNanchor_136-3"></a><a href="#Footnote_136-3" class="fnanchor">[136-3]</a> which has been already described. Here
+we found some of the French navigator's cloathing and
+buttons; and there is little doubt but they have murdered
+them.<a name="FNanchor_136-4" id="FNanchor_136-4"></a><a href="#Footnote_136-4" class="fnanchor">[136-4]</a></p>
+
+<p>On the 18th, saw the group of islands we discovered
+on our way here; and on the 19th, ran down the north
+side till we came to an opening, where we saw the sea on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137"></a>[<a href="./images/137.png">137</a>]</span>
+the other side. A sound is formed here by some islands
+to the south east and north west, and interior bays,
+which promises better anchorage than any other place
+in the Friendly Isles. The natives told us there were
+excellent watering-places in several different parts within
+the sound. The country is well wooded. Several of the
+inferior chiefs were on board, one of the Tatafee, and one
+of the Toobou family; but the principal chief was not on
+board. We supposed he was coming off just as we sailed.<a name="FNanchor_137-1" id="FNanchor_137-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_137-1" class="fnanchor">[137-1]</a>
+The natives in general were very fair and honourable in
+their dealings. They were more inoffensive and better
+behaved than any we had seen for some time. They have
+frequent intercourse with Anamooka, and their religion,
+customs, and language, are the same.</p>
+
+<p>A number of beautiful paroquets were brought off by
+the natives, all remarkable for the richness and variety
+of their plumage.</p>
+
+<p>The group of islands was called Howe's Islands, but were
+particularly distinguished by the names of Barrington's,
+Sawyer's, Hotham's, and Jarvis's Islands. The sound
+itself was called Curtis's Sound. Under the general
+denomination of Howe's Islands, were included several
+islands to the south east, to which we gave no particular
+name, and two more islands to the westward, called
+Bickerton's Islands, including two small islands near the
+above. There seems to be a tolerable landing-place on
+the north-west side of Gardner's Island. All this part of
+the island has a most barren aspect. There were evident
+marks of volcanic eruptions having happened. The very
+singular appearance which this part of the island presented,
+I cannot omit mentioning; it bore the figure of a piece
+of flat table-land, without the slightest eminence or
+indentation, and smoke was issuing from the edges,
+round its whole circumference.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138"></a>[<a href="./images/138.png">138</a>]</span>
+On the 23rd, we passed an inhabited island, which we
+supposed to be the Pylestaart island. It has two remarkable
+high peaks upon it.</p>
+
+<p>On the 26th, we saw Middleburg Island, and run down
+between it and Euah; examined it without success;
+passed Tongatabu; got some provisions here, but found
+the water brackish.</p>
+
+<p>On the 29th, we anchored again in the road of Anamooka.
+We were sorry to hear the tender had not been
+there. On the 5th of August, we again proceeded on our
+voyage. As the occurrences at this time bore some
+semblance to the transactions in our last visit, to avoid
+wounding the delicate, or satiating the licentious, we shall
+conclude in the torpid phraseology of the log, with ditto
+repeated.</p>
+
+<p>Every thing being ready for sea on the 3d day of August,
+we sailed from Anamooka; and on the 5th, discovered
+an island of some considerable extent, called by the
+natives Onooafow,<a name="FNanchor_138-1" id="FNanchor_138-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_138-1" class="fnanchor">[138-1]</a> which we called Proby's Island, in
+honour of Commissioner Proby. We traded with the
+inhabitants for some hours. The land was hilly, and the
+houses of much larger construction than we had observed
+in those seas.</p>
+
+<p>We were now convinced that we were further to the
+westward than we imagined, and therefore shaped a
+course to fall in to the eastward of Wallis's Island; and
+next day fell in with it. We gave presents, as customary,
+to the first boat; who, from a theft they committed, were
+afraid to return. Their cheek-bones were much bruised
+and flattened, and some had both their little fingers
+cut off.<a name="FNanchor_138-2" id="FNanchor_138-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_138-2" class="fnanchor">[138-2]</a></p>
+
+<p>We bore away, intending to steer in the track of Carteret
+and Bligh, between Spirito Santo and Santa Cruz; and
+on the 8th saw land to the westward. We sounded, but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139"></a>[<a href="./images/139.png">139</a>]</span>
+found no bottom. We run down the island, and saw a
+vast number of houses amongst the trees. It is very hilly,
+and, from the great height of some of them, may be called
+mountains. They are cultivated to the top; the reason
+of which, I presume, is from its being so full of inhabitants.
+It is about seven miles long; and being a new discovery,
+we called it Grenville's Island, in honour of Lord Grenville.
+The name the natives gave it is Rotumah. They came off
+in a fleet of canoes, rested on their paddles, and gave the
+war-hoop at stated periods. They were all armed with
+clubs, and meant to attack us; but the magnitude and
+novelty of such an object as a man of war, struck them
+with a mixture of wonder and fear. They were, however,
+perfectly ignorant of fire-arms, and seemed much
+startled at the report of a musket, were too shy to
+stand the experiment of a great gun. As they came
+off with hostile intentions, they brought no women with
+them.</p>
+
+<p>They wore necklaces, bracelets, and girdles of white
+shells. Their bodies were curiously marked with the
+figures of men, dogs, fishes, and birds, upon every part of
+them; so that every man was a moving landscape. These
+marks were all raised, and done, I suppose, by pinching
+up the skin.</p>
+
+<p>They were great adepts in thieving, and uncommonly
+athletic and strong. One fellow was making off with
+some booty, but was detected; and although five of the
+stoutest men in the ship were hanging upon him, and had
+fast hold of his long flowing black hair, he overpowered
+them all, and jumped overboard with his prize. There
+is a high promontory on this island, which we named
+Mount Temple.</p>
+
+<p>On the 11th, no land being then in sight, we run over
+a reef of coral, in eleven fathom water. We were much
+alarmed, but passed it in five minutes; and on sounding<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140"></a>[<a href="./images/140.png">140</a>]</span>
+immediately afterwards, found no bottom. This was
+called Pandora's Reef.</p>
+
+<p>On the 12th, in the morning, we discovered an island
+well wooded, but not inhabited. It had two remarkable
+promontories on it, one resembling a mitre, and the
+other a steeple; from whence we called it Mitre Island.
+We passed it, and stood to the westward; and at ten,
+the same morning, discovered another island to the north
+west. It is entirely cultivated, and a vast number of
+inhabitants, though only a mile in length. The beach
+from the east, round by the south, is a white sand, but too
+much surf for a boat to attempt to land. In gratitude
+for the many good things we had on board, and the very
+high state of preservation in which they kept, we called
+this Cherry's Island, in honour of &mdash;&mdash; Cherry, Esq;
+Commissioner of the Victualling-office.<a name="FNanchor_140-1" id="FNanchor_140-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_140-1" class="fnanchor">[140-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>On the 13th of August, we discovered another island
+to the north west. It is mountainous, and covered with
+wood to the very summit. We saw no inhabitants, but
+smoke in many different parts of it, from which it may
+be presumed it is inhabited. This we called Pitt's
+Island.<a name="FNanchor_140-2" id="FNanchor_140-2"></a><a href="#Footnote_140-2" class="fnanchor">[140-2]</a></p>
+
+<p>On the 17th, at midnight, we discovered breakers on
+each bow. We had just room to wear ship; and as this
+merciful escape was from the vigilance of one Wells, who
+was looking out ahead, it was called Wells's Shoals.
+Those hair-breadth escapes may point out the propriety
+of a consort. In the morning, at day-light, we put about,
+to examine the danger we were in, and found we had got
+embayed in a double reef, which will very soon be an
+island. We run round its north west end, and on the
+23d saw land, which we supposed to be the Luisiade, a
+cape bearing north east and by east. We called it Cape
+Rodney. Another contiguous to it was called Cape<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141"></a>[<a href="./images/141.png">141</a>]</span>
+Hood; and a mountain between them, we named Mount
+Clarence.</p>
+
+<p>After passing Cape Hood, the land appears lower, and
+to trench away about north west, forming a deep bay;
+and it may be doubted whether it joins New Guinea or
+not.</p>
+
+<p>We pursued our course to the westward, keeping
+Endeavour Straits open, by which means we hoped to
+avoid the dangers Capt. Cook met with in higher latitudes.</p>
+
+<p>On the 25th, saw breakers; hauled up, and passed to
+the westward of them; the sea broke very gently on them.
+To these we gave the name of Look-out Shoals. Before
+noon we saw more breakers, the reef of which was composed
+of very large stones, and called it Stony-reef Island.</p>
+
+<p>On seeing obstruction to the southward, stood to the
+westward, where there appeared to be an opening. We
+saw an island in that direction, and a reef extending a
+considerable way to the north west. Hauled upon the
+wind, seeing our passage obstructed, and stood off and
+on, under an easy sail in the night, till daylight; and in
+the morning bore away, and discovered four islands, to
+which the name of Murray's Islands was given. On the
+top of the largest, there was something resembling a
+fortification. We saw at the same time three two-masted
+boats. We kept running along the reef, and in
+the forenoon thought we saw an opening. Lieut. Corner
+was immediately ordered to get ready, to discover if there
+was a passage for the ship, and went to the topmasthead,
+to look well round him before he left us. It was judged
+necessary that he should take with him an axe, some fuel,
+provisions, a little water, and a compass, previous to his
+departure.</p>
+
+<p>It was now the 28th of August. It had lately been our
+custom to lay to in the night, M. Bougainville having
+represented this part of the ocean as exceedingly dan<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142"></a>[<a href="./images/142.png">142</a>]</span>gerous;
+and it certainly is the boldest piece of navigation
+that has ever yet been attempted. We would gladly
+have continued the same custom; but the great length
+of the voyage would not permit it, as, after we had passed
+to the wastward of Bougainville's track, the ocean was
+perfectly unexplored.</p>
+
+<p>At five in the afternoon, a signal was made from the
+boat, that a passage through the reef was discovered for
+the ship; but wishing to be well informed in so intricate
+a business, and the day being far spent, we waited the
+boats coming on board, made a signal to expedite her, and
+afterwards repeated it. Night closing fast upon us, and
+considering our former misfortunes of losing the tender
+and jolly-boat, rendered it necessary, both for the preservation
+of the boat, and the success of the voyage, to
+endeavour, by every possible means, to get hold of her.</p>
+
+<p>False fires were burnt, and muskets fired from the ship,
+and answered by the boat reciprocally; and as the flashes
+from their muskets were distinctly seen by us, she was
+reasonably soon expected on board. We now sounded,
+but had no bottom with a hundred and ten fathom line,
+till past seven o'clock, when we got ground in fifty fathom.
+The boat was now seen close under the stern; we were
+at the same time lying to, to prevent the ship fore-reaching.
+Immediately on sounding this last time, the topsails
+were filled; but before the tacks were hauled on board,
+and the sails trimmed, she struck on a reef of rocks, and
+at that instant the boat got on board. Every possible
+effort was attempted to get her off by the sails; but that
+failing, they were furled, and the boats hoisted out with
+a view to carry out an anchor. Before that was accomplished,
+the carpenter reported she made eighteen inches
+water in five minutes; and in a quarter of an hour more,
+she had nine feet water in the hold.</p>
+
+<p>The hands were immediately turned to the pumps,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143"></a>[<a href="./images/143.png">143</a>]</span>
+and to bale at the different hatchways. Some of the
+prisoners were let out of irons, and turned to the pumps.
+At this dreadful crisis, it blew very violently; and she
+beat so hard upon the rocks, that we expected her, every
+minute, to go to pieces. It was an exceeding dark,
+stormy night; and the gloomy horrors of death presented
+us all round, being every where encompassed with rocks,
+shoals, and broken water. About ten she beat over the
+reef; and we let go the anchor in fifteen fathom water.</p>
+
+<p>The guns were ordered to be thrown overboard; and
+what hands could be spared from the pumps, were employed
+thrumbing a topsail to haul under her bottom,
+to endeavour to fodder her. To add to our distress, at
+this juncture one of the chain-pumps gave way; and she
+gained fast upon us. The scheme of the topsail was now
+laid aside, and every soul fell to baling and pumping. All
+the boats, excepting one, were obliged to keep a long
+distance off on account of the broken water, and the
+very high surf that was running near us. We baled
+between life and death; for had she gone down before
+day-light, every soul must have perished. She now took
+a heel, and some of the guns they were endeavouring to
+throw over board run down to leeward, which crushed one
+man to death; about the same time, a spare topmast
+came down from the booms, and killed another man.</p>
+
+<p>The people now became faint at the pumps, and it was
+necessary to give them some refreshment. We had
+luckily between decks a cask of excellent strong ale,
+which we brewed at Anamooka. This was tapped, and
+served regularly to all hands, which was much preferable
+to spirits, as it gave them strength without intoxication.
+During this trying occasion, the men behaved with the
+utmost intrepidity and obedience, not a man flinching
+from his post. We continually cheered them at the pumps
+with the delusive hopes of its being soon day-light.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144"></a>[<a href="./images/144.png">144</a>]</span>
+About half an hour before day-break, a council of war
+was held amongst the officers; and as she was then
+settling fast down in the water, it was their unanimous
+opinion, that nothing further could be done for the preservation
+of his Majesty's ship; and it was their next care
+to save the lives of the crew. To effect which, spars,
+booms, hen-coops, and every thing buoyant was cut loose,
+that when she went down, they might chance to get hold
+of something. The prisoners were ordered to be let out
+of irons. The water was now coming faster in at the gun-ports
+than the pumps could discharge; and to this
+minute the men never swerved from their duty. She now
+took a very heavy heel, so much that she lay quite down
+on one side.</p>
+
+<p>One of the officers now told the Captain, who was
+standing aft, that the anchor on our bow was under
+water; that she was then going; and, bidding him farewell,
+jumped over the quarter into the water. The Captain
+then followed his example, and jumped after him. At
+that instant she took her last heel; and, while every one
+were scrambling to windward, she sunk in an instant.
+The crew had just time to leap over board, accompanying
+it with a most dreadful yell. The cries of the men drowning
+in the water was at first awful in the extreme; but
+as they sunk, and became faint, it died away by degrees.
+The boats, who were at some considerable distance in
+the drift of the tide, in about half an hour, or little better,
+picked up the remainder of our wretched crew.</p>
+
+<p>Morning now dawned, and the sun shone out. A sandy
+key, four miles off, and about thirty paces long, afforded
+us a resting place; and when all the boats arrived, we
+mustered our remains, and found that thirty-five men and
+four prisoners were drowned.</p>
+
+<p>After we had a little recovered our strength, the first
+care was to haul up the boats. A guard was placed over<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145"></a>[<a href="./images/145.png">145</a>]</span>
+the prisoners. Providentially a small barrel of water,
+a cag of wine, some biscuit, and a few muskets and
+cartouch boxes, had been thrown into the boat. The heat
+of the sun, and the reflection from the sand, was now
+excruciating; and our stomachs being filled with salt
+water, from the great length of time we were swimming
+before we were picked up, rendered our thirst most
+intolerable; and no water was allowed to be served out
+the first day. By a calculation which we made, by filling
+the compass boxes, and every utensil we had, we could
+admit an allowance of two small wine glasses of water
+a-day to each man for sixteen days.</p>
+
+<p>A saw and hammer had fortunately been in one of the
+boats, which enabled us, with the greater expedition, to
+make preparations for our voyage, by repairing one of
+the boats, which was in a very bad state, and cutting up
+the floor-boards of all the boats into uprights, round
+which we stretched canvas, to keep the water from breaking
+into the boats at sea. We made tents of the boats'
+sails; and when it was dark, we set the watch, and went
+to sleep. In the night we were disturbed by the irregular
+behaviour of one Connell, which led us to suspect he had
+stole our wine, and got drunk; but, on further inquiry,
+we found that the excruciating torture he suffered from
+thirst led him to drink salt water; by which means he
+went mad, and died in the sequel of the voyage.</p>
+
+<p>Next morning Mr. George Passmore, the master, was
+dispatched in one of the boats to visit the wreck, to see
+if any thing floated round her that might be useful to
+us in our present distressed state. He returned in two
+hours, and brought with him a cat, which he found
+clinging to the top-gallant-mast-head; a piece of the
+top-gallant-mast, which he cut away; and about fifteen
+feet of the lightning chain; which being copper, we cut
+up, and converted into nails for fitting out the boats.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146"></a>[<a href="./images/146.png">146</a>]</span>
+Some of the gigantic cockle was boiled, and cut into junks,
+lest any one should be inclined to eat. But our thirst was
+too excessive to bear any thing which would increase it.
+This evening a wine glass of water was served to each man.
+A paper-parcel of tea having been thrown into the boat,
+the officers joined all their allowance, and had tea in the
+Captain's tent with him. When it was boiled, every
+one took a salt-cellar spoonful, and passed it to his neighbour;
+by which means we moistened our mouths by slow
+degrees, and received much refreshment from it.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136-1" id="Footnote_136-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136-1"><span class="label">[136-1]</span></a> Vavau.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136-2" id="Footnote_136-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136-2"><span class="label">[136-2]</span></a> Manua.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136-3" id="Footnote_136-3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136-3"><span class="label">[136-3]</span></a> Tutuila.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136-4" id="Footnote_136-4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136-4"><span class="label">[136-4]</span></a> De Langle's boat had been cut off on 10 Dec. 1787.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_137-1" id="Footnote_137-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_137-1"><span class="label">[137-1]</span></a> Finau Ulukalala.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_138-1" id="Footnote_138-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138-1"><span class="label">[138-1]</span></a> Niuafoou.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_138-2" id="Footnote_138-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138-2"><span class="label">[138-2]</span></a> A sign of mourning.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_140-1" id="Footnote_140-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140-1"><span class="label">[140-1]</span></a> Anula.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_140-2" id="Footnote_140-2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140-2"><span class="label">[140-2]</span></a> Vanikoro.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147"></a>[<a href="./images/147.png">147</a>]</span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAP_IV" id="CHAP_IV"></a>CHAP. IV.</h2>
+
+<h3>VOYAGE FROM THE WRECK TO THE ISLAND OF TIMOR.</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Every</span> thing being ready on the following day, at twelve
+o'clock, we embarked in our little squadron, each boat
+having been previously supplied with the latitude and
+longitude of the island of Timor, eleven hundred miles
+from this place.</p>
+
+<p>Our order of sailing was as follows.</p>
+
+<p>In the Pinnace:</p>
+
+<ul class="plain"><li>Capt. Edwards,</li>
+<li>Lieut. Hayward,</li>
+<li>Mr. Rickards, Master's Mate,</li>
+<li>Mr. Packer, Gunner,</li>
+<li>Mr. Edmonds, Captain's Clerk,<ul class="plain">
+<li>    Three Prisoners,</li>
+<li>    Sixteen Privates.</li></ul></li></ul>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>In the Red Yaul:</p>
+
+<ul class="plain"><li>Lieut. Larkan,</li>
+<li>Mr. Geo. Hamilton, Surgeon,</li>
+<li>Mr. Reynolds, Master's Mate,</li>
+<li>Mr. Matson, Midshipman,<ul class="plain">
+<li>    Two Prisoners,</li>
+<li>    Eighteen Privates.</li></ul></li></ul>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148"></a>[<a href="./images/148.png">148</a>]</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>In the Launch:</p>
+
+<ul class="plain"><li>Lieut. Corner,</li>
+<li>Mr. Gregory Bentham, Purser,</li>
+<li>Mr. Montgomery, Carpenter,</li>
+<li>Mr. Bowling, Master's Mate,</li>
+<li>Mr. M'Kendrick, Midshipman,<ul class="plain">
+<li>    Two Prisoners,</li>
+<li>    Twenty-four Privates.</li></ul></li></ul>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>In the Blue Yaul:</p>
+<ul class="plain"><li>Mr. Geo. Passmore, Master,</li>
+<li>Mr. Cunningham, Boatswain,</li>
+<li>Mr. James Innes, Surgeon's Mate,</li>
+<li>Mr. Fenwick, Midshipman,</li>
+<li>Mr. Pycroft, Midshipman,<ul class="plain">
+<li>    Three Prisoners,</li>
+<li>    Fifteen Privates.</li></ul></li></ul>
+
+<p>As soon as embarked, we laid the oars upon the thwarts,
+which formed a platform, by which means we stowed
+two tier of men. A pair of wooden scales was made in
+each boat, and a musket-ball weight of bread served to
+each man. At meridian we saw a key, bounded with
+large craggy rocks. As the principal part of our subsistence
+was in the launch, it was necessary to keep together,
+both for our defence and support. We towed each other
+during the night, and at day-break cast off the tow-line.</p>
+
+<p>At eight in the morning, the red and blue yauls were
+sent ahead, to sound and investigate the coast of New
+South Wales, and to search for a watering-place. The
+country had been described as very destitute of the article
+of water; but on entering a very fine bay, we found most
+excellent water rushing from a spring at the very edge
+of the beach. Here we filled our bellies, a tea-kettle,
+and two quart bottles. The pinnace and launch had
+gone too far ahead to observe any signal of our success;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149"></a>[<a href="./images/149.png">149</a>]</span>
+and immediately we made sail after them. The coast
+has a very barren aspect; and, from the appearance of
+the soil and land, looks like a country abounding with
+minerals.</p>
+
+<p>As we passed round the bay, two canoes, with three
+black men in each, put off, and paddled very hard to get
+near us. They stood up in the canoes, waved, and made
+many signs for us to come to them. But as they were
+perfectly naked, had a very savage aspect, and having
+heard an indifferent account of the natives of that country,
+we judged it prudent to avoid them.</p>
+
+<p>In two hours we joined the pinnace and launch, who
+were lying to for us. At ten at night we were alarmed with
+the dreadful cry of breakers ahead. We had got amongst
+a reef of rocks; and in our present state, being worn out
+and fatigued, it is difficult to say how we got out of them,
+as the place was fraught with danger all round; for in
+standing clear of Scylla, we might fall foul of Charybdis;
+the horror of which, considering our present situation,
+may be better understood than expressed. After running
+along, we came to an inhabited island, from which we
+promised ourselves a supply of water. On our approach,
+the natives flocked down to the beach in crowds. They
+were jet black, and neither sex had either covering or
+girdle. We made signals of distress to them for something
+to drink, which they understood; and on receiving some
+trifling presents of knives, and some buttons cut off our
+coats, they brought us a cag of good water, which we
+emptied in a minute, and then sent it back to be filled
+again. They, however, would not bring it the second
+time, but put it down on the beach, and made signs to
+us to come on shore for it. This we declined, as we
+observed the women and children running, and supplying
+the men with bows and arrows. In a few minutes, they
+let fly a shower of arrows amongst the thick of us. Luckily<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150"></a>[<a href="./images/150.png">150</a>]</span>
+we had not a man wounded; but an arrow fell between
+the Captain and Third Lieutenant, and went through
+the boats thwart, and stuck in it. It was an oak-plank
+inch thick. We immediately discharged a volley of
+muskets at them, which put them to flight. There were,
+however, none of them killed. We now abandoned all
+hopes of refreshment here. This island lies contiguous
+to Mountainous Island.</p>
+
+<p>It may be observed, that the channel throughout the
+reef is better than any hitherto known. We ascertained
+the latitudes with the greatest accuracy and exactness;
+and should government be inclined to plant trees on those
+sandy keys, particularly the outermost one, it would
+be a good distinguishing mark; and many difficulties
+which Capt. Cook experienced to the southward would
+also be avoided. The cocoa-nut tree, on account of its
+hardy nature, and the Norfolk and common pines, might
+be preferred, from their height rendering the place more conspicuous.
+The tides or currents are strong and irregular
+here, as may be expected, from the extending reefs,
+shoals, and keys, and its vicinity to Endeavour Straits.</p>
+
+<p>We steered from these hostile savages to other islands
+in sight, and sent some armed men on shore, with orders
+to keep pretty near us, and to run close along shore in
+the boats. But they returned without success. This
+island we called Plumb Island, from its bearing an
+austere, astringent kind of fruit, resembling plumbs, but
+not fit to eat.</p>
+
+<p>In the evening, we steered for those islands which we
+supposed were called the Prince of Wales's Islands; and
+about two o'clock in the morning, came to an anchor
+with a grappling, along side of an island, which we called
+Laforey's Island. As the night was very dark, and this
+was the last land that could afford us relief, all hands
+went to sleep, to refresh our woe-worn spirits.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151"></a>[<a href="./images/151.png">151</a>]</span>
+The morning was ushered in with the howling of wolves,
+who had smelt us in the night, when prowling for food.
+Lieut. Corner and a party were sent at day-light, to
+search again for water; and, as we approached, the wild
+beasts retired, and filled the woods with their hideous
+growling. As soon as we landed, we discovered a foot-path
+which led down into a hollow, where we were led
+to suspect that water might be found; and on digging
+four or five feet, we had the ecstatic pleasure to see a spring
+rush out. A glad messenger was immediately dispatched
+to the beach, to make a signal to the boats of our success.
+On traversing the shore, we discovered a morai, or rather
+a heap of bones. There were amongst them two human
+skulls, the bones of some large animals, and some turtle-bones.
+They were heaped together in the form of a grave,
+and a very long paddle, supported at each end by a bifurcated
+branch of a tree, was laid horizontally alongst it.</p>
+
+<p>Near to this, there were marks of a fire having been
+recently made. The ground about was much footed and
+wore; whence it may be presumed feasts or sacrifices
+had been frequently held, as there were several foot-paths
+which led to this spot. After having gorged our parched
+bodies with water, till we were perfectly water-logged,
+we began to feel the cravings of hunger; a new sensation
+of misery we had hitherto been strangers to, from the
+excess of thirst predominating. Some of our stragglers
+were lucky enough to find a few small oysters on the shore.
+A harsh, austere, astringent kind of fruit, resembling a
+plumb, was found in some places. As I discovered some
+to be pecked at by the birds, we permitted the men to fill
+their bellies with them. There was a small berry, of a
+similar taste to the plumb, which was found by some of
+the party. On observing the dung of some of the larger
+animals, many of them were found in it, in an undigested
+state; we therefore concluded we might venture upon them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152"></a>[<a href="./images/152.png">152</a>]</span>
+with safety. We carefully avoided shooting at any bird,
+lest the report of the muskets should alarm the natives,
+whom we had every reason to suspect were at no great
+distance, from the number of foot paths that led over the
+hill, and the noise we heard at intervals. Centinels
+were placed to prevent stragglers of our party from
+exceeding the proper bounds; and when every other thing
+was filled with water, the carpenter's boots were also
+filled. The water in them was first served out, on account
+of leakage.</p>
+
+<p>There is a large sound formed here, to which we gave
+the name of Sandwich's Sound, and commodious anchorage
+for shipping in the bay, to which we gave the name of
+Wolf's Bay, in which there is from five to seven fathom
+water all round. This is extremely well situated for a
+rendezvous in surveying Endeavour Straits; and were a
+little colony settled here, a concatenation of Christian
+settlements would enchain the world, and be useful to
+any unfortunate ship of whatever nation, that might be
+wrecked in these seas; or, should a rupture take place
+in South America, a great vein of commerce might find
+its way through this channel.</p>
+
+<p>Hammond's Island lies north west and by west, Parker's
+Island from north and by west to north and by east, and
+an island seen to the north entrance north west. We
+supposed it to be an island called by Captain Bligh
+Mountainous Island, laid down in latitude 10.16 South.</p>
+
+<p>Sandwich's Sound is formed by Hammond's, Parker's,
+and a cluster of small islands on the starboard hand, at
+its eastern entrance. We also called a back land behind
+Hammond's Island, and the other islands to the southward
+of it, Cornwallis's Land. The uppermost part of the
+mountain was separated from the main by a large gap.
+Under the gap, low land was seen; but whether that was
+a continuation of the main or not, we could not determine.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153"></a>[<a href="./images/153.png">153</a>]</span>
+Near the centre of the sound is a small dark-coloured,
+rocky island.</p>
+
+<p>This afternoon, at three o'clock, being the 2d of September,
+our little squadron sailed again, and in the evening
+saw a high peaked island lying north west, which we called
+Hawkesbury's Island. The passage through the north
+entrance is about two miles wide. After passing through
+it, saw a reef. As we approached it, we shallowed our
+water to three fathom; but on hauling up more to the
+south west, we deepened it again to six fathom. Saw
+several very large turtle, but could not catch any of them.
+After clearing the reef, stood to the westward. Mountainous
+Island bore N. half E.; Capt. Bligh's west island,
+which appears in Three Hummocks, N.N.W.; a rock
+N.W. at the S.W. extreme of the main land, S. and by E.;
+and the northernmost cape of New South Wales, S.S.E.;
+and to the extreme of the land in sight, the eastward E.
+half N. a small distance from the nearest of the Prince
+of Wales's Islands, we discovered another island, and
+which we called Christian's Island. Saw Two Hummock
+between Hawkesbury's Island and Mountainous Island;
+but could not be certain whether it was one or two islands.</p>
+
+<p>We now entered the great Indian ocean, and had a
+voyage of a thousand miles to undertake in our open
+boats. As soon as we cleared the land, we found a very
+heavy swell running, which threatened destruction to
+our little fleet; for should we have separated, we must
+inevitably perish for want of water, as we had not <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'untensils'">utensils</ins>
+to divide our slender stock. For our mutual preservation,
+we took each other in tow again; but the sea was so
+rough, and the swell running so high, we towed very hard,
+and broke a new tow-line. This put us in the utmost confusion,
+being afraid of dashing to pieces upon each other,
+as it was a very dark night. We again made fast to each
+other; but the tow-line breaking a second time, we were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154"></a>[<a href="./images/154.png">154</a>]</span>
+obliged to trust ourselves to the mercy of the waves. At
+five in the morning, the pinnace lay to, as the other boats
+had passed her under a dark cloud; but on the signal
+being made for the boats to join, we again met at day-light.
+At meridian, we passed some remarkable black
+and yellow striped sea snakes. On the afternoon of the
+4th of September, gave out the exact latitude of our
+rendezvous in writing; also the longitude by the time-keeper
+at this present time, in case of unavoidable
+separation.</p>
+
+<p>On the night between the 5th and 6th, the sea running
+very cross and high, the tow-line broke several times;
+the boats strained, and made much water; and we were
+obliged to leave off towing the rest of the voyage, or it
+would have dragged the boats asunder. On the 7th, the
+Captain's boat caught a booby. They sucked his blood,
+and divided him into twenty-four shares.</p>
+
+<p>The men who were employed steering the boats, were
+often subject to a <i>coup de soleil</i>, as every one else were
+continually wetting their shirts overboard, and putting
+it upon their head, which alleviated the scorching heat
+of the sun, to which we were entirely exposed, most of us
+having lost our hats while swimming at the time the ship
+was wrecked. It may be observed, that this method of
+wetting our bodies with salt water is not advisable, if
+the misery is protracted beyond three or four days, as,
+after that time, the great absorption from the skin that
+takes place from the increased heat and fever, makes
+the fluids become tainted with the bittern of the salt
+water; so much so, that the saliva became intolerable in
+the mouth. It may likewise be worthy of remark, that
+those who drank their own urine died in the sequel of the
+voyage.</p>
+
+<p>We now neglected weighing our slender allowance of
+bread, our mouths becoming so parched, that few<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155"></a>[<a href="./images/155.png">155</a>]</span>
+attempted to eat; and what was not claimed was thrown
+into the general stock. We found old people suffer much
+more than those that were young. A particular instance
+of that we observed in one young boy, a midshipman,
+who sold his allowance of water two days for one allowance
+of bread. As their sufferings continued, they
+became very cross and savage in their temper. In the
+Captain's boat, one of the prisoners took to praying, and
+they gathered round him with much attention and seeming
+devotion. But the Captain suspecting the purity of his
+doctrines, and unwilling he should make a monopoly
+of the business, gave prayers himself. On the 9th, we
+passed a great many of the Nautilus fish, the shell of which
+served us to put our glass of water into; by which means
+we had more time granted to dip our finger in it, and wet
+our mouths by slow degrees. There were several flocks
+of birds seen flying in a direction for the land.</p>
+
+<p>On the 13th, in the morning, we saw the land, and the
+discoverer was immediately rewarded with a glass of water;
+but, as if our cup of misery was not completely full, it
+fell a dead calm. The boats now all separated, every
+one pushing to make the land. Next day we got pretty
+near it; but there was a prodigious surf running. Two
+of our men slung a bottle about their necks, jumped overboard,
+and swam through the surf. They traversed over
+a good many miles, till a creek intercepted them; when
+they came down to the beach, and made signs to us of
+their not having succeeded. We then brought the boat
+as near the surf as we durst venture, and picked them up.
+In running along the coast, about twelve o'clock, we had
+the pleasure to see the red yaul get into a creek. She had
+hoisted an English jack at her mast-head, that we might
+observe her in running down the coast. There was a
+prodigious surf, and many dangerous shoals, between us
+and the mouth of the creek; we, however, began to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156"></a>[<a href="./images/156.png">156</a>]</span>
+share the remains of our water, and about half a bottle
+came to each man's share, which we dispatched in an
+instant.</p>
+
+<p>We now gained fresh spirits, and hazarded every thing
+in gaining our so much wished for haven. It is but justice
+here to acknowledge how much we were indebted to the
+intrepidity, courage, and seaman-like behaviour of Mr.
+Reynolds the master's mate, who fairly beat her over all
+the reefs, and brought us safe on shore. The crew of
+the blue yaul, who had been two or three hours landed,
+assisted in landing our party. A fine spring of water
+near to the creek afforded us immediate relief. As soon
+as we had filled our belly, a guard was placed over the
+prisoners, and we went to sleep for a few hours on the
+grass.</p>
+
+<p>In the afternoon, a Chinese chief came down the creek
+in a canoe, attended by some of the natives, to wait upon
+us. He was a venerable looking old man; we endeavoured
+to walk down to the water-side, to receive him, and acquaint
+him with the nature of our distress.</p>
+
+<p>We addressed him in French and in English, neither
+of which he understood; but misery was so strongly
+depicted in our countenances, that language was superfluous.
+The tears trickling down his venerable cheeks
+convinced us he saw and felt our misfortunes; and
+silence was eloquence on the subject.</p>
+
+<p>He made us understand by signs, that without fee or
+reward we should be supplied with horses, and conducted
+to Coupang, a Dutch East-India settlement, about
+seventy miles distant, the place of our rendezvous. This
+we politely declined, as the nature of our duty in the
+charge of the prisoners would not admit of it. We took
+leave of him for the present, after receiving promises of
+refreshment.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after, crowds of the natives came down with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157"></a>[<a href="./images/157.png">157</a>]</span>
+fowls, pigs, milk, and bread. Mr. Innes, the surgeon's
+mate, happened luckily to have some silver in his pocket,
+to which they applied the touchstone, but would not give
+us any thing for guineas. However, anchor-buttons
+answered the purpose, as they gave us provision for
+a few buttons, which they refused the same number of
+guineas for; till a hungry dog, one of the carpenter's
+crew, happening to pick up an officer's jacket, spoiled the
+market, by giving it, buttons and all, for a pair of fowls,
+which a few buttons might have purchased.</p>
+
+<p>All hands were busied in roasting the fowls, and boiling
+the pork; in the evening we made a very hearty supper.
+While we were regaling ourselves round a large fire, some
+wild beast gave a roar in the bushes. Some who had been
+in India before, declared it was the jackall; we therefore,
+concluded the lion could not be far off. Some were
+jocularly observing what a glorious supper the lord of
+the forest would make of us; but others were rather
+troubled with the dismaloes. This gave a gloomy turn to
+the conversation; and our minds having been previously
+much engaged with savages and wild beasts, and our
+bodies worn out through famine and watching, I believe
+the contagious effects of fear became pretty general.
+From Bligh's narrative, and others, we had been warned
+of the danger of landing in any other part of the island
+of Timor but Coupang, the Dutch settlement, as they
+were represented hostile and savage.</p>
+
+<p>It is customary with those people, as we afterwards
+learnt, to do their hard work, such as beating out their
+rice at night, to avoid the scorching heat of the sun;
+and the whole village, which was about two miles off,
+joined in the general song, which every where chears
+and accompanies labour. As they had made us great
+offers for some cartridges of powder, which our duty
+could not suffer us to part with, we immediately in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158"></a>[<a href="./images/158.png">158</a>]</span>terpreted
+this song into the war-hoop, and concluded,
+that they were going to take by force what they could
+not gain by entreaty. Nature, however, at last worn
+out, inclined to rest. The First Lieutenant and Master
+went on board of the boats, which were at anchor in the
+middle of the river, for the better security of the prisoners;
+and, ranging ourselves round, with our feet to the fire, went
+to sleep.</p>
+
+<p>At dawn of day, the master gave the huntsman's hollow,
+which some, from being suddenly awaked, thought they
+were attacked by the Indians. We were all panic struck,
+and could not get thoroughly awaked, being so exhausted,
+and overpowered with sleep. Most of us were scrambling
+upon all fours down to the river, and crying for Christ's
+sake to have mercy upon them, till those who were foremost
+in the scramble, in crawling into the creek, got
+recovered from their plight by their hands being immersed
+in water; yet those who were foremost in running away,
+were not last in upbraiding the rest with cowardice,
+notwithstanding there were pretty evident marks upon
+some of them, of the cold water having produced its
+usual effects of micturition.</p>
+
+<p>Next day we went up the creek, in one of the boats,
+about four miles, to one of their towns, with an intention
+of purchasing provisions for our sea-store. As we entered
+the town, the king was riding out, attended by twenty
+carabineers or body-guards, well mounted, and respectably
+armed. He passed us with all the <i>sang froid</i> imaginable,
+scarce deigning to glance at us.</p>
+
+<p>In purchasing a pig, the man finding a good price for
+it, offered to traffic with us for the charms of his daughter,
+a very pretty young girl. But none of us seemed inclined
+that way, as there were many good things we stood much
+more in need of.</p>
+
+<p>At one o'clock, being high water, we embarked again<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159"></a>[<a href="./images/159.png">159</a>]</span>
+in our boats for Coupang. We sailed along the coast
+all day till it was dark; and, fearful lest we should over-shoot
+our port in the night, put into a bay. After laying
+some time, we observed a light; and after hallooing
+and making a noise, the natives came down with torches
+in their hands, waded up alongside of us, and offered
+their assistance, which we accepted of, in lighting fires,
+and dressing the victuals we had brought with us, that no
+time might be lost in landing or cooking the next day.</p>
+
+<p>At day break, we again proceeded on our voyage, and
+at five in the afternoon we landed at Coupang. The
+Governor, Mynheer Vanion, received us with the utmost
+politeness, kindness, and hospitality. The Lieutenant-Governor,
+Mynheer Fry, was likewise extremely kind <ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'and and'">and</ins>
+attentive, in rendering every assistance possible, and
+in giving the necessary orders for our support and relief
+in our present distressed state.</p>
+
+<p>Next morning being Sunday, as we supposed, the 17th
+of September, we were preparing for Church, to return
+thanks to Almighty God, for his divine interposition in
+our miraculous preservation; but were disappointed in
+our pious intentions; for we found it was Monday, the
+18th, having lost a day by performing a circuit of the globe
+to the westward.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160"></a>[<a href="./images/160.png">160</a>]</span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAP_V" id="CHAP_V"></a>CHAP. V.</h2>
+
+<h3>OCCURRENCES AT COUPANG; VOYAGE TO BATAVIA, &amp;c.;
+ARRIVAL IN ENGLAND.</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">This</span> is the Montpelier of the East to the Dutch and
+Portuguese settlements in India; and, from the salubrity
+of its air, is the favourite resort of valetudinarians and
+invalids from Batavia and other places. This island is
+fertile, variegated with hill and dale, and equally beautiful
+as diversified with Rotti, and its appendant isles. It is as
+large as the island of Great Britain. Its principal trade
+is wax, honey, and sandlewood; but the whole of its
+revenues do not defray the expence of the settlement
+to the Company; but from the locality of its situation,
+it is convenient for their other islands. They had the
+monopoly of the sandlewood trade, which is used in all
+temples, mosques, and places of worship in the East,
+every Chinese having a sprig of it burning day and night
+near their household-gods.</p>
+
+<p>The exclusive trade of sandlewood was valuable and
+convenient to the Dutch; but, from the vast extent of
+territory lately acquired in India, we have plenty of that
+commodity without going to the Dutch market. Close
+to the Dutch town is a Chinese town and temple. They
+have a governor of their own nation, but pay large
+tribute to the Dutch. Notwithstanding their trade is
+under very severe restrictions, they soon make rich;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161"></a>[<a href="./images/161.png">161</a>]</span>
+and, as soon as they become independent, return to their
+own country. For European and India goods the natives
+barter their produce, and sell their prisoners of war,
+who are carried to Batavia as slaves, and the natives
+of Java sent from Batavia to this place in return. As
+they hold their tenure more from policy than strength,
+it would be impolitic to irritate them, by exposing their
+countrymen, subjugated to the lash of slavery and
+oppression.</p>
+
+<p>An instance of this soul-couping business fell under
+our inspection while here. One of the petty princes, in
+settling his account with a merchant of this place,
+was some dollars short of cash. He just stepped to the
+door, and casting his eye on an elderly man who was near
+him, he laid hold of him; and, with the assistance of some
+of his myrmidons, gave him up as a slave, and so settled
+his account. We felt more interested in the fate of this
+poor wretch, on account of his having been a prince
+himself, but never before saw the face of his oppressor.
+He went passenger in the ship with us to Batavia.</p>
+
+<p>It was a pleasing and flattering sight to an Englishman,
+at this remotest corner of the globe, to see that Wedgewood's
+stoneware, and Birmingham goods, had found their
+way into the shops of Coupang.</p>
+
+<p>During our five weeks stay here, the Governor,
+Mynheer Vanion, by every act of politeness and attention
+endeavoured to make us spend our time agreeably. We
+were sumptuously regaled at his table every day, and the
+evening was spent with cards and concerts. I could
+dwell with pleasure for an age in praise of this honest
+Dutchman; it is the tribute of a grateful heart, and his
+due. This is the third time he has had an opportunity
+of extending his hospitality to shipwrecked Englishmen.</p>
+
+<p>About a fortnight before we arrived, a boat, with eight
+men, a woman, and two children, came on shore here, who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162"></a>[<a href="./images/162.png">162</a>]</span>
+told him they were the supercargo, part of the crew, and
+passengers of an English brig, wrecked in these seas. His
+house, which has ever been the asylum of the distressed,
+was open for their reception. They drew bills on the
+British government, and were supplied with every
+necessary they stood in need of.</p>
+
+<p>The captain of a Dutch East Indiaman, who spoke
+English, hearing of the arrival of Capt. Edwards, and
+our unfortunate boat, run to them with the glad tidings
+of their Captain having arrived; but one of them,
+starting up in surprise, said, "What Captain! dam'me,
+we have no Captain;" for they had reported, that the
+Captain and remainder of the crew had separated from
+them at sea in another boat. This immediately led to a
+suspicion of their being impostors; and they were ordered
+to be apprehended, and put into the castle. One of the
+men, and the woman, fled into the woods; but were
+soon taken. They confessed they were English convicts,
+and that they had made their escape from Botany Bay.
+They had been supplied with a quadrant, a compass, a
+chart, and some small arms and ammunition, from a
+Dutch ship that lay there; and the expedition was conducted
+by the Governor's fisherman, whose time of
+transportation was expired. He was a good seaman,
+and a tolerable navigator. They dragged along the coast
+of New South Wales; and as often as the hostile nature
+of the savage natives would permit, hauled their boat up
+at night, and slept on shore. They met with several
+curious and interesting anecdotes in this voyage. In
+many places of the coast of South Wales, they found very
+good coal; a circumstance that was not before known.
+Our men were now beginning to regain their strength;
+and Captain Dadleberg of the Rembang Indiaman was
+making every possible dispatch with his ship to carry us
+to Batavia.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163"></a>[<a href="./images/163.png">163</a>]</span>
+During this time, the interment of Balthazar, King of
+Coupang, was performed with much funeral pomp. The
+Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and all the Europeans
+were invited. Six months had been spent in preparations
+for this f&ecirc;te, at which an emperor and twenty-five kings
+assisted and attended in person with all their body-guards,
+standards, and standard-bearers, were present.
+When the corpse was deposited in the sepulchre, the
+Company's troops fired three vollies, and victuals and
+drink were immediately served to four thousand people.</p>
+
+<p>The Dutch and English officers were invited to a very
+sumptuous dinner, at a table provided for the emperor
+and all the kings. The first toast after dinner was the
+dead king's health. Next they drank Mynheer Company's
+health, which was accompanied with a volley of
+small arms and paterreros. The singularity of Mynheer
+Company's health, led us to request an explanation;
+when we were informed, they found it necessary to make
+them believe that Mynheer Company was a great and
+powerful king, lest they should not be inclined to pay
+that submission to a company of merchants.</p>
+
+<p>The inaugural ceremony at the installation of the young
+king, was performed by his drinking a bumper of brandy
+and gunpowder, stirred round with the point of a sword.
+After being invested with the regal dignity, he came down
+in state, to pay his respects to the governor. As he was
+preceded by music, and colours flying, every one turned
+out to see him. Amongst the rest was a captive king in
+chains, who was employed blowing the bellows to our
+armourer, whilst he was forging bolts and fetters for our
+prisoners and convicts. Here the sunshine of prosperity,
+and the mutability of human greatness, were excellently
+pourtrayed.</p>
+
+<p>By a policy in the Dutch, in supplying the petty princes
+with ammunition and warlike stores, feuds and dissentions<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164"></a>[<a href="./images/164.png">164</a>]</span>
+are kindled amongst them; and they are kept so completely
+engaged in civil war, that they have no time to
+observe the encroachments of strangers. That domestic
+strife serves likewise amply to supply the slave trade from
+the prisoners of both parties. They, however, some
+time since, made head against the common enemy, and
+forced the Dutch to retire within their trenches.</p>
+
+<p>It is the custom, in this climate, to bathe morning and
+evening. A fine river, which runs in the centre of the
+town, is conveniently situated for that purpose; and we
+availed ourselves of it when our strength would permit.
+Nature has been profusely lavish, in producing, in the
+neighbourhood of this place, all the varied powers of
+landscape that the most luxuriant fancy can suggest.
+But, while enjoying the picturesque beauties of the scene,
+or sheltering in the translucent stream from the fervour
+of meridian heat, you are suddenly chilled with fear,
+from the terrific aspect of the alligator, or crested snake,
+and a number of venomous reptiles, with which this
+country abounds. There is one in particular called the
+cowk cowk; it is the most disgusting looking animal that
+creeps the ground, and its bite is mortal. It is about a
+foot and a half long, and seems a production between the
+toad and lizard. At stated periods it makes a noise
+exactly like a cuckoo clock. Even the natives fly from it
+with the utmost horror. The alligators are daring and
+numerous. There are instances of their devouring men
+and children when bathing in the shallow part of the river
+above the town.</p>
+
+<p>The Governor, Mynheer Vanion, relates a circumstance
+that happened to him while hunting. In crossing a shallow
+part of the river, his black boy was snapped up by an
+alligator; but the Governor immediately dismounted,
+rescued the boy out of his mouth, and slew him.</p>
+
+<p>The natives of Timor are subject to a cutaneous disease<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165"></a>[<a href="./images/165.png">165</a>]</span>
+during their infancy, something similar to the small pox,
+but of longer duration. It seldom terminates fatally,
+and only seizes them once in their lives.<a name="FNanchor_165-1" id="FNanchor_165-1"></a><a href="#Footnote_165-1" class="fnanchor">[165-1]</a></p>
+
+<p>On the 6th of October, we embarked on board the
+Rembang Dutch Indiaman, taking with us the prisoners
+and convicts. Our crew became very sickly in passing the
+Straits of Alice [Allas]. We had frequent calms and sultry
+weather until the 12th. In passing the island of Flores, a
+most tremendous storm arose. In a few minutes every
+sail of the ship was shivered to pieces; the pumps all
+choaked, and useless; the leak gaining fast upon us;
+and she was driving down, with all the impetuosity
+imaginable, on a savage shore, about seven miles under
+our lee. This storm was attended with the most dreadful
+thunder and lightning we had ever experienced. The
+Dutch seamen were struck with horror, and went below;
+and the ship was preserved from destruction by the manly
+exertion of our English tars, whose souls seemed to catch
+redoubled ardour from the tempest's rage. Indeed it is
+only in these trying moments of distress, when the abyss
+of destruction is yawning to receive them, that the
+transcendent worth of a British seaman is most conspicuous.
+Nor would I wish, from what I have observed
+above, to throw any stigma on the Dutch, who I believe
+would fight the devil, should he appear in any other shape
+to them but that of thunder and lightning.</p>
+
+<p>It may be remarked, that the Straits of Alice are not
+so dangerous as those of Sapy [Sapi], and are for many
+reasons preferable; but it is so intricate a navigation<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166"></a>[<a href="./images/166.png">166</a>]</span>
+that a Dutchman bound from Timor to Batavia, after
+beating about for twelve months, found himself exactly
+where he first started from.</p>
+
+<p>On the 21st, we got through Alice, and saw three prow-vessels,
+who are a very daring set of pirates that infest
+those seas. On the 22nd, saw the islands of Kangajunk
+and Ulk, and run through the channel that is between
+them. Next day we saw the island of Madura.</p>
+
+<p>On the 26th, saw the island of Java; and on the 30th,
+anchored at Samarang.</p>
+
+<p>Immediately on our coming to anchor, we were agreeably
+surprised to find our tender here which we had so
+long given up for lost. Never was social affection more
+eminently pourtrayed than in the meeting of these poor
+fellows; and from excess of joy, and a recital of their
+mutual sufferings, from pestilence, famine, and shipwreck,
+a flood of tears filled every man's breast.</p>
+
+<p>They informed us, the night they parted company
+with us, the savages attacked them in a regular and powerful
+body in their canoes; and their never having seen a
+European ship before, nor being able to conceive any idea
+of fire-arms, made the conflict last longer than it otherwise
+would; for, seeing no missive weapon made use of, when
+their companions were killed, they did not suspect any
+thing to be the matter with them, as they tumbled into
+the water. Our seven-barrelled pieces made great havoc
+amongst them. One fellow had agility enough to spring
+over their boarding-netting, and was levelling a blow with
+his war-club at Mr. Oliver, the commanding-officer, who
+had the good fortune to shoot him.</p>
+
+<p>On not finding the ship next day, they gave up all
+further hopes of her, and steered for Anamooka, the
+rendezvous Captain Edwards had appointed. Their distress
+for want of water, if possible, surpassed that of our
+own, and had so strong an effect on one of the young<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167"></a>[<a href="./images/167.png">167</a>]</span>
+gentlemen, that the day following he became delirious,
+and continued so for some months after it.</p>
+
+<p>They at last made the island of Tofoa, near to Anamooka,
+which they mistook for it. After trading with
+the natives for provisions and water, they made an attempt
+to take the vessel from them, which they always will to a
+small vessel, when alone; but they were soon overpowered
+with the fire arms. They were, however, obliged to be
+much on their guard afterwards, at those islands which
+were inhabited.</p>
+
+<p>After much diversity of distress, and similar encounters,
+they at last made the reef that runs between New Guinea
+and New Holland, where the <i>Pandora</i> met her unhappy
+fate; and after traversing from shore to shore, without
+finding an opening, this intrepid young seaman boldly
+gave it the stem, and beat over the reef. The alternative
+was dreadful, as famine presented them on the one hand,
+and shipwreck on the other. Soon after they had passed
+Endeavour Straits, they fell in with a small Dutch vessel,
+who shewed them every tenderness that the nature of
+their distress required.</p>
+
+<p>They were soon landed at a small Dutch settlement;
+but the governor having a description of the <i>Bounty's</i>
+pirates from our court, and their vessel being built of
+foreign timber, served to confirm them in their suspicions;
+and as no officer in the British navy bears a commission
+or warrant under the rank of lieutenant, where, by seal of
+office, their person or quality may be identified, they had
+only their bare <i>ipse dixit</i> to depend on. They, however,
+behaved to them with great precaution and humanity.
+Although they kept a strict guard over them, nothing
+was withheld to render their situation agreeable; and
+they were sent, under a proper escort, to this place.</p>
+
+<p>This settlement is reckoned next to Batavia, and is so
+lucrative, that the governor is changed every five years.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168"></a>[<a href="./images/168.png">168</a>]</span>
+The present governor's name is Overstraaten, a gentleman
+of splendid taste and unbounded hospitality, who lives
+in a princely style; and to the <i>otium dignitate</i> of Asiatic
+luxury, has the happiness to join an honest hearty Dutch
+welcome.</p>
+
+<p>A regiment of the Duke of Wirtemburg is doing duty
+here, amongst whom were several men of rank and
+fashion, who shewed us much civility and politeness.</p>
+
+<p>The town is regular and beautiful, and the houses are
+built in a style of architecture, which has given loose to
+the most sportive fancy. Each street is terminated
+with some public building, such as a great marine school,
+for the education of young officers and seamen; an
+hospital for decayed officers in the Company's service;
+churches; the Governor's palace, &amp;c. &amp;c. Here the
+<i>utile dulce</i> has not been neglected, and those objects of
+national importance are placed in a proper point of view,
+as the just pride and ornament of a great commercial
+people.</p>
+
+<p>Such is the effect of early prejudices, that, under the
+muzle of the sun, a Dutchman cannot exist without
+snuffing the putrid exhalations from stagnant water, to
+which they have been accustomed from their infancy.
+They are intersecting it so fast with canals, that in a year
+or two this beautiful town will be completely dammed.</p>
+
+<p>In a few days, we arrived at Batavia, the emporeum
+of the Dutch in the East; and our first care was employed
+in sending to the hospital the sickly remains of our unfortunate
+crew. Some dead bodies floating down the
+canal struck our boat, which had a very disagreeable
+effect on the minds of our brave fellows, whose nerves
+were reduced to a very weak state from sickness. This
+was a <i>coup de grace</i> to a sick man on his <i>premier entree</i> into
+this painted sepulchre, this golgotha of Europe, which
+buries the whole settlement every five years.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169"></a>[<a href="./images/169.png">169</a>]</span>
+It is not the climate I am inveighing against; it is the
+Gothic, diabolical ideas of the people I indite.</p>
+
+<p>Were they only Dutchmen who supplied the ravenous
+maw of death, it would be impertinence in me to make any
+comment on it; but when the whole globe lends its aid
+to supply this destructive settlement, and its baneful
+effects arising more from the letch a Dutchman has for
+stagnant mud than from climate, I hope the indulgent
+reader will pardon my spleen, when I tell them professionally
+that all the mortality of that place originates
+from marsh effluvia, arising from their stagnant canals
+and pleasure-grounds.</p>
+
+<p>The Chinese are here the Jews of the East, and as soon
+as they make their fortune, they go home. Let the
+amateurs of the Republican system read and learn. Be
+not surprised when it is observed, that these little great
+men, those vile hawkers of spice and nutmegs, exact a
+submission that the most absolute and tyrannical monarch
+who ever swayed a sceptre would be ashamed of. The
+compass of my work will not allow me to be particular;
+but I must instance one among many others. When an
+edilleer, or one of the supreme council, meets a carriage,
+the gentleman who meets him must alight, and make
+him a perfect bow in spirit; not one of Bunburry's long
+bows, but that bow which carries humility and submission
+in it, that sort of bow which every vertebr&aelig; in
+an English back is anchylosed against.</p>
+
+<p>In our passage from this to the Cape, before we left
+Java, one of the convicts had jumped over board in the
+night, and swam to the Dutch arsenal at Honroost. In
+passing Bantan, we viewed the relics of Lord Cathcart.
+We met nothing particular in passing the island of Sumatra,
+but experienced great death and sickness in going through
+the Straits of Sunda; and after a tedious passage, arrived
+at the Cape of Good Hope.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170"></a>[<a href="./images/170.png">170</a>]</span>
+Here we met with many civilities from Colonel Gordon;
+a gentleman no less eminent for his private virtues than
+his extraordinary military and literary accomplishments.
+From his labours, all the host of voyagers and historians
+of that part of the globe have been purloining; but it is to
+be hoped the world will, at some future period, be favoured
+with his works unmutilated.</p>
+
+<p>The town is gay, and from length of habit, the inhabitants
+partake much of the manners of Bath; and,
+for a short season, behave with the utmost attention and
+tenderness. Their dress and customs are more characteristic
+of the English than Dutch. An uncommon rage for
+building has lately prevailed; and although they cannot
+boast of that chastity of style in which Samarang is built
+it is gaudy, and calculated to please the generality of
+observers.</p>
+
+<p>Allow me to mention the singular manner in which the
+monkeys make depredations on the gardens here. They
+place a proper piquet, or advanced guard, as sentinels,
+when a party is drawn up in a line, who hand the fruit from
+one to another; and when the alarm is given by the
+piquet-guard, they all take flight, making sure that by
+that time the booty is conveyed to a considerable distance.
+But should the piquet be negligent in their duty, and
+suffer the main body to be surprised, the delinquents
+are severely punished.</p>
+
+<p>The same ill-fated rage for canalling-murder prevails
+here. They have even contrived to carry canals to the
+top of a mountain. The boors, or country-farmers, are a
+species of the human race, so gigantic and superior to the
+rest of mankind, in point of size and constitution, that
+they may be called nondescripts.</p>
+
+<p>Their hospital, as to scite, surpasses any in the world.
+It may be observed, however, that the architect, by the
+smallness of the windows, which only serve to exclude<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171"></a>[<a href="./images/171.png">171</a>]</span>
+the light and air, seems to have studied, with much
+ingenuity, to render it a cadaverous stinking prison.</p>
+
+<p>After being refreshed at the Cape, we passed St. Helena,
+the island of Ascension, and arrived at Holland; and had
+the happiness, through the interposition of divine Providence,
+to be again landed on our native shore.</p>
+
+<p>The Latitudes and Longitudes of the different places
+touched at or discovered by his Majesty's ship <i>Pandora</i>,
+taken with the greatest accuracy from the centre of the
+islands.</p>
+
+<div class='centered'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="The Latitudes and Longitudes of the different places touched at or discovered by his Majesty's ship Pandora">
+<tr><th align='center' colspan='2'>Names of Places.</th><th align='center' colspan='4'>Latitudes.</th><th align='center' colspan='4'>Longitudes.</th></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Gomera,</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>N</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Canary, N.E. point,</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>N</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Teneriffe, Santa Cruz,</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>N</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Palma,</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>N</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>St. Antonio, Cape de Verd Islands, crossing the Line,</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>N</td><td align='right'>25</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Rio Janeiro,</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Patagonia, Straits of Magellan,</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Cape Julian, Staten Island,</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Cape Horn,</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Diego Ramarez,</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Easter Island,</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Ducie's Island,</td><td align='right'>24</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Lord Hood's Island,</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>31</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>135</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Carysfort Island,</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Maitea,</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Otaheite, Matavy Bay,</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>149</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Huaheine, Owharre Bay,</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>44</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Ulitea and Otaha,</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Bolobola,</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Mauruah,</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Whytutakee,</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>159</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Palmerston's Isles,</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Duke of York's Island,</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Duke of Clarence's Island,</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Chatham's Island,</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Ohatooah,</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Anamooka,</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172"></a>[<a href="./images/172.png">172</a>]</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Toomanuah,</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>43</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Otutuelah,</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>170</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Howe's Island,</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Bickerton's Island,</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Gardner's Island,</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Pylestaart,</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>39</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Eoah or Middleburgh,</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Tongataboo,</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Proby's Island,</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Wallis's Island,</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Grenville Island,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>12</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>29</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>\&nbsp;W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>/&nbsp;E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Pandora's Reef,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>12</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>11</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>188</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>\&nbsp;W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>/&nbsp;E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Mitre Island,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>11</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>49</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>\&nbsp;W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>/&nbsp;E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Cherry Island,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>11</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>37</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>30</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>\&nbsp;W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>/&nbsp;E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Pitt's Island,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>11</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>50</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>30</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>193</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>\&nbsp;W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>/&nbsp;E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Wells's Shoal,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>12</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>20</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>202</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>\&nbsp;W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>/&nbsp;E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cape Rodney,</td><td align='left' rowspan='3'>Point of New Guinea</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>10</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>3</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>32</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>\&nbsp;W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>M. Clarence in shore,</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>/&nbsp;E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Cape Hood,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>9</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>58</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>6</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>37</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>\&nbsp;W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>/&nbsp;E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Murray's Isles,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>9</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>57</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>216</td><td align='right'>43</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>\&nbsp;W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>/&nbsp;E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2' rowspan='2'>Wreck Reef,</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>11</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>22</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right' rowspan='2'>S</td><td align='right'>216</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>\&nbsp;W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>/&nbsp;E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Batavia,</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Straits of Sunda,</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Cape of Good Hope,</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>St. Helena,</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Ascension Island,</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>S</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>W</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_165-1" id="Footnote_165-1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165-1"><span class="label">[165-1]</span></a> This seems to be the earliest description of Yaws (<i>Framb&oelig;sia</i>) in
+these islands. Originating in Africa this contagious disease is believed
+to have been disseminated by the slave trade. The Dutch or Portuguese
+traders carried it from Madagascar and East Africa to Ceylon,
+where it still bears the name of <i>Parangi Lede</i>, or Foreigners' Evil.
+Though Hamilton did not observe it in the South Sea Islands the
+disease was probably there, for Mariner, who was in Tonga in 1810,
+described it as a well-established disease under the name of <i>Tona</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+<h3>FINIS.</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173"></a>[<a href="./images/173.png">173</a>]</span></p>
+<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX</h2>
+
+
+<p>A.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Aitutaki Island,<ul>
+<li>    visit to, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Footnote_40-2">40 <i>note</i></a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li>
+<li>    Bligh supposed to be there, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Ale brewed at Namuka, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li>
+<li>Anti-scorbutics, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li>
+<li>Apia, <a href="#Footnote_50-1">50 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li><i>Astrolabe</i>,<ul>
+<li>    P&eacute;rouse's ship, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li>
+<li>    relics of, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Australia, Northern,<ul>
+<li>    sighted, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>;</li>
+<li>    landing on, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li></ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>B.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Banks, Sir Joseph, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li>
+<li>Baring, carries letters to England, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
+<li>Bark cloth, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li>
+<li>Batavia, arrival at, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
+<li>Beads found in Samoa, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li>
+<li>Becke, Louis,<ul>
+<li>    <i>The Mutineers</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;</li>
+<li>    <i>First Fleet Family</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Bentham, Mr., Purser, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li>
+<li>Blacks attack boats, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li>
+<li><i>Blenheim</i>, wreck of, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li>
+<li>Bligh, Captain, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;<ul>
+<li>    his character, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li>
+<li>    boat voyage of, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li>
+<li>    public sympathy with, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li>
+<li>    supposed to be in Aitutaki, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Boat lost at Palmerston Island, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li>
+<li>Boat voyage<ul>
+<li>    of Bligh, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li>
+<li>    of Pereira, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li>
+<li>    of Edwards, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Bolabola visited, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li>
+<li>Bougainville,<ul>
+<li>    warning, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;</li>
+<li>    discovery of Samoa, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><i>Bounty</i>,<ul>
+<li>    fitting out, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li>
+<li>    mutiny of, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li>
+<li>    driver yard found, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li>
+<li>    anchor found, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><i>Boussole</i>,<ul>
+<li>    P&eacute;rouse's ship, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li>
+<li>    relics of, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Bread fruit,<ul>
+<li>    plan to acclimatize, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;</li>
+<li>    its uses, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Brewing ale at Namuka, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li>
+<li>Broad, Mary, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li>
+<li>Brown, John, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;<ul>
+<li>    his character, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li>
+<li>    identifies mutineers, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Bryant, William, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
+<li>Bull taken by Mutineers, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li>
+<li>Burkitt,<ul>
+<li>    trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li>
+<li>    arrest of, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li>
+<li>    executed, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Burn, Michael, acquitted, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li>
+<li>Butcher, Convict, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li>
+<li>Byron, <i>The Island</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li>
+<li>Byron, Captain, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>C.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Canoes,<ul>
+<li>    war, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>;</li>
+<li>    sailing, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Capetown, description of, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li>
+<li>Carteret visits Vanikoro, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Carysfort Island, discovered, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li>
+<li>Cattle, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+<li>Cherry's Island, sighted, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li>
+<li>Christian, Fletcher, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>;<ul>
+<li>    his plan of forming settlement, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Churchill, murder of, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
+<li>Cloudy Bay, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Coal found in Australia, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li>
+<li>Cockle, gigantic, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li>
+<li>Cocoa, as anti-scorbutic, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li>
+<li>Coleman, Joseph,<ul>
+<li>    surrenders, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>;</li>
+<li>    works pump, <a href="#Footnote_73-1">73 <i>note</i></a>;</li>
+<li>    acquitted, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Consumption, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li>
+<li>Convict jumps overboard, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li>
+<li>Convicts,<ul>
+<li>    escaped, at Timor, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>;</li>
+<li>    list of, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>;</li>
+<li>    find coal in Australia, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Cook, portrait of, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+<li>Coral Islands, how formed, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li>
+<li>Corner, Lieut.,<ul>
+<li>    character of, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;</li>
+<li>    blames Edwards, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>;</li>
+<li>    pursues mutineers, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>;</li>
+<li>    examines sand key, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>;</li>
+<li>    voyage home, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>;</li>
+<li>    ships plants, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>;</li>
+<li>    eats <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174"></a>[<a href="./images/174.png">174</a>]</span>food from native temple, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>;</li>
+<li>    robbed by natives, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Coupang,<ul>
+<li>    arrival at, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>;</li>
+<li>    funeral of king, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Court martial on mutineers, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li>
+<li>Cox, Captain, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
+<li>Cox, James, escaped convict, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>D.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Dances at Tahiti, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li>
+<li>d'Entrecasteaux,<ul>
+<li>    voyage, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li>
+<li>    sights Vanikoro, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>de Langle, massacre of, <a href="#Footnote_51-1">51 <i>note</i></a>, <a href="#Footnote_56-1">56 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Diet<ul>
+<li>    for long voyages, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>;</li>
+<li>    in the <i>Pandora</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Dillon, Peter, discovers relics of La P&eacute;rouse, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Dingoes seen, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li>
+<li>Distilling spirits, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li>
+<li>Drums, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li>
+<li>Ducie Island, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;<ul>
+<li>    identical with Encarnacion, <a href="#Footnote_30-1">30 <i>note</i></a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Duke of Clarence Island, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li>
+<li><i>Duke of Portland</i>, taken by natives, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
+<li>Duke of York Island, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li>
+<li>D'Urville explores Vanikoro, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>E.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>East Bay, <a href="#Footnote_70-1">70 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Easter Island, sighted, <a href="#Footnote_30-1">30 <i>note</i></a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li>
+<li>Edea, Queen of Tahiti, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+<li>Edwards, Captain,<ul>
+<li>    selected, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li>
+<li>    orders to, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>;</li>
+<li>    character of, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>;</li>
+<li>    charged with inhumanity, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>;</li>
+<li>    touches at N. Australia, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>;</li>
+<li>    recklessness in sailing at night, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>;</li>
+<li>    reproves mutineer for praying, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Eimeo, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
+<li>Ellison,<ul>
+<li>    trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li>
+<li>    arrest of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li>
+<li>    execution, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Endeavour Straits, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+<li>Eua visited, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>F.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Fatafehi<ul>
+<li>    at Tofoa, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>;</li>
+<li>    at Namuka, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Fataka, or Mitre Island, <a href="#Footnote_67-1">67 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Female infanticide, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li>
+<li>Fiji,<ul>
+<li>    visited by Kau Moala, <a href="#Footnote_65-1">65 <i>note</i></a>;</li>
+<li>    discovery of, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Finau, Chief of Vavau, <a href="#Footnote_49-1">49 <i>note</i></a>; <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Footnote_57-1">57 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Fire-arms<ul>
+<li>    in Tahiti, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li>
+<li>    in Eimeo, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Flinders' Passage, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li>
+<li>Fruy, Mr., Lieut.-Governor of Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li>
+<li>Fulanga Inland, lack of water, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li>
+<li>Futuna Island, visited by Kau Moala, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Footnote_65-1">65 <i>note</i></a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>G.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Geese, left in Tahiti, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+<li>Geographical position of islands, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li>
+<li>Gordon, Colonel, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li>
+<li><i>Gorgon</i>, H.M.S., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+<li>Governor of Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>H.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Haapai, visited, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li>
+<li>H&aelig;va dance, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li>
+<li>Hamilton, Dr.,<ul>
+<li>    his character, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;</li>
+<li>    account of voyage, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>;</li>
+<li>    on health of seamen, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Hayward, Lieut.,<ul>
+<li>    his character, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;</li>
+<li>    recognizes natives of Tofoa, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Footnote_54-1">54 <i>note</i></a>;</li>
+<li>    pursues mutineers, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li>
+<li>    lands at Aitutaki, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li>
+<li>    ships plants, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>;</li>
+<li>    recognized at Aitutaki, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li>
+<li>    at Tofoa, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Health of seamen, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li>
+<li><i>Hector</i>, H.M.S., <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li>
+<li>Hervey Islands, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+<li>Heywood's<ul>
+<li>    account of "Pandora's Box," <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li>
+<li>    trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li>
+<li>    pardoned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Hillbrandt, Henry,<ul>
+<li>    arrest of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>; <a href="#Footnote_74-1">74 <i>note</i></a>;</li>
+<li>    gives information, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li>
+<li>    drowned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Hood, Cape, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Hood, Lord, Island, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li>
+<li><i>Hoornwey</i>, voyage home, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+<li>Horn Island, visited, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li>
+<li><i>Horssen</i>, voyage of, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li>
+<li>Houses, Tahitian, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li>
+<li>Howe, Lord, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li>
+<li>Huahaine visited, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
+<li>Human sacrifices, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>I.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Indispensable Reef, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Infanticide, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li>
+<li>Innes, Mr., Surgeon's mate, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li>
+<li>Islands, list of, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li></ul>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175"></a>[<a href="./images/175.png">175</a>]</span></p>
+
+
+<p>J.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Java, arrival at, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>K.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Kao Island, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li>
+<li>Kandavu Island, why not visited, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li>
+<li>Kau Moala, his voyage, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Footnote_65-1">65 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Kava-drinking, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li>
+<li>Kroutcheff, Captain, visited Mitre Island, <a href="#Footnote_67-1">67 <i>note</i></a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>L.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Larkin, Lieut., <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;<ul>
+<li>    at Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><i>Lila</i> sickness, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li>
+<li>Look-out Shoal, <a href="#Footnote_70-1">70 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Louisiades, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;<ul>
+<li>    named by Bougainville, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>M.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li><ins class="err" title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Macintosh'">Mackintosh</ins>,<ul>
+<li>    arrest of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li>
+<li>    acquitted, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li>
+<li>    works pumps, <a href="#Footnote_73-1">73 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Maikasa River, <a href="#Footnote_70-1">70 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Malt, as anti-scorbutic, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li>
+<li>Mangaia Island, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+<li>Manua visited, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li>
+<li>Mariner, William,<ul>
+<li>    narrative, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li>
+<li>    account of Norton's murder, <a href="#Footnote_54-1">54 <i>note</i></a>; <a href="#Footnote_57-1">57 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Mata-atua Harbour, <a href="#Footnote_49-1">49 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Matavai Bay, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li>
+<li>Matuku Island,<ul>
+<li>    visited by tender, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li>
+<li>    native traditions, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Maurelle discovers Vavau, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+<li>Maurua Island, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li>
+<li><i>Megapodius</i> at Niuafoou, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li>
+<li>Menda&ntilde;a visits Vanikoro, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Millward,<ul>
+<li>    trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li>
+<li>    arrest of, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li>
+<li>    executed, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Milk, dislike of, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li>
+<li>Mitre Island, visited, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li>
+<li>Moemoe ceremony, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li>
+<li>Morrison,<ul>
+<li>    character of, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li>
+<li>    trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li>
+<li>    arrest of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li>
+<li>    his journal, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li>
+<li>    pardoned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li>
+<li>    plan of escape, <a href="#Footnote_37-1">37 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Mourning<ul>
+<li>    in Tonga, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>;</li>
+<li>    in Wallis Island, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Moulter, William, tries to save mutineers, <a href="#Footnote_74-1">74 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Mountainous Island, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li>
+<li>Murray Islands, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li>
+<li>Musical Instruments, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li>
+<li>Muspratt,<ul>
+<li>    trial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li>
+<li>    arrest of, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li>
+<li>    executed, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Mutineers,<ul>
+<li>    fate of, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li>
+<li>    retire to mountains, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>;</li>
+<li>    their diet, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li>
+<li>    build schooner, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li>
+<li>    adventures at Tubuai, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li>
+<li>    take Tahitian women in <i>Bounty</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li>
+<li>    neglected at Timor, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li>
+<li>    list of, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li>
+<li>    capture of, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li>
+<li>    let out of irons, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li></ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>N.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Namuka,<ul>
+<li>    a rendezvous for tender, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li>
+<li>    visited, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>;</li>
+<li>    native shot, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li>
+<li>    cannon fired, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li>
+<li>    thefts by natives, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Nanga Cult, <a href="#Footnote_128-1">128 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Neiafu Harbour, Vavau, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li>
+<li>New Year's Island, sighted, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
+<li>Niuafoou<ul>
+<li>    visited, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>;</li>
+<li>    large cocoanuts, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li>
+<li>    <i>Megapodius</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Norman,<ul>
+<li>    arrest of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li>
+<li>    acquitted, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li>
+<li>    works pumps, <a href="#Footnote_73-1">73 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>North-West Reef, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li>
+<li>Norton, his murderers recognized, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Footnote_54-1">54 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Nukunono Island, visit to, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Footnote_46-1">46 <i>note</i></a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>O.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Oatafu Island, <a href="#Footnote_40-1">40 <i>note</i></a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+<li>Odiddee (Titi) native of Bolabola, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li>
+<li>Oliver<ul>
+<li>    commands tender, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li>
+<li>    discovers Fiji, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>;</li>
+<li>    his log lost, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;</li>
+<li>    encounters Dutch vessel, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Omai, fate of, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li>
+<li>Ongea Island, lack of water, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li>
+<li>Orangerie Bay, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Orissia, Tahitian chief, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+<li>Otaka Island, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li>
+<li>Otoo, king of Tahiti, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li>
+<li>Overstratin, Governor of Java, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>P.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Palmerston Island,<ul>
+<li>    list of crew lost at, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li>
+<li>    visited, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li>
+<li>    <i>Bounty's</i> yard found at, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><i>Pandora</i>,<ul>
+<li>    fitted out, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li>
+<li>    her ill luck, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>;</li>
+<li>    wrecked, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>;</li>
+<li>    state of crew, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li>
+<li>    disease on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176"></a>[<a href="./images/176.png">176</a>]</span> board, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>;</li>
+<li>    patent ventilator, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Pandora's Bank, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li>
+<li>Pandora's box,<ul>
+<li>    excuse for, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li>
+<li>    cruelty of, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li>
+<li>    men drowned in, <a href="#Footnote_74-1">74 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Pan-pipes, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li>
+<li>Papara district, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+<li>Parrots, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li>
+<li>Passmore, Lieut., <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;<ul>
+<li>    at Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>;</li>
+<li>    surveys harbour, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li>
+<li>    explores wreck, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Pearl shell ornaments, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li>
+<li>"Peggy" Otoo, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
+<li>P&eacute;rouse, de la, of, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li>
+<li>Pitcairn Island, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;<ul>
+<li>    arrival at, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li>
+<li>    why chosen by mutineers, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Plot to take <i>Pandora</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li>
+<li>Point Venus, water bad, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li>
+<li><i>Port-au-Prince</i>, taken by natives, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
+<li>Providential Channel, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+<li>Pylstaart Island sighted, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>R.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Rarotonga, discovery of, <a href="#Footnote_40-2">41 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Reef Indispensable, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+<li>Religion of the Tahitians, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li>
+<li><i>Rembang</i>, voyage of, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li>
+<li>Renouard, Midshipman,<ul>
+<li>    his suffering, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li>
+<li>    appointed to tender, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Rio di Janeiro,<ul>
+<li>    arrival at, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>;</li>
+<li>    life at, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>;</li>
+<li>    slaves, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>;</li>
+<li>    probabilities of revolution, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Rodney Cape, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Footnote_69-1">69 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Rotte Island, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li>
+<li>Rotuma Island<ul>
+<li>    discovered, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>;</li>
+<li>    incidents at, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>;</li>
+<li>    giants, <a href="#Footnote_65-1">65 <i>note</i></a>;</li>
+<li>    Tongan language spoken, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Round Head, <a href="#Footnote_70-1">70 <i>note</i></a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>S.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Samarang Island, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>;<ul>
+<li>  description of, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Samoa,<ul>
+<li>    appearance of, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>;</li>
+<li>    return to, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Samoans<ul>
+<li>    attack tender, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li>
+<li>    use turmeric, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>;</li>
+<li>    thefts by, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Saroa district, New Guinea, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Footnote_70-1">70 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Saurkraut, as diet, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li>
+<li>Savaii, sighted, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li>
+<li>Schouten,<ul>
+<li>    visits Futuna, <a href="#Footnote_65-1">65 <i>note</i></a>;</li>
+<li>    visits Niuafoou, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Scurvy, precautions against, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li>
+<li>Sea-snakes, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li>
+<li><i>Seringapatam</i>, discovers Rarotonga, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+<li><i>Shark</i>, H.M.S., encountered, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+<li>Sickness follows island discoveries, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li>
+<li>Sival, Midshipman,<ul>
+<li>    at Palmerston Island, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li>
+<li>    lost, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Skinner, Richard, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>;<ul>
+<li>    drowned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Footnote_74-1">74 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Slave trade in Timor, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li>
+<li>South Sea Islands, their value to England, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li>
+<li>Spices in Samoa, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li>
+<li>Staten Island sighted, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
+<li>Stewart, Midshipman, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;<ul>
+<li>    surrenders, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li>
+<li>    drowned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Footnote_74-1">74 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Stewart, "Peggy," <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li>
+<li>"Strangers' Cold," <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li>
+<li>Sugar, first issued to Navy, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+<li>Sumner, John,<ul>
+<li>    arrest of, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li>
+<li>    drowned, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li></ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>T.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Tahiti, arrival at, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+<li>Tahitians,<ul>
+<li>    their religion, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>;</li>
+<li>    weapons, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li>
+<li>    cloth, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li>
+<li>    women, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>;</li>
+<li>    houses, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Tamarie, chief of Tahiti, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li>
+<li>Tattooing, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li>
+<li>Tea and sugar, first used in Navy, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li>
+<li>Temple, native, food taken from, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li>
+<li>Teneriffe,<ul>
+<li>    arrival at, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>;</li>
+<li>    inhabitants of, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Tender<ul>
+<li>    built by mutineers, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li>
+<li>    commissioned, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li>
+<li>    attacked by Samoans, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>;</li>
+<li>    sale of, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li>
+<li>    joins company, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>;</li>
+<li>    her adventures, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>;</li>
+<li>    parts company, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li>
+<li>    her after-history, <a href="#Footnote_33-1">33 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Theft, punishment for, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li>
+<li>Thompson, Matthew, killed, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li>
+<li>Timor Island,<ul>
+<li>    arrival at, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>;</li>
+<li>    governor of, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>;</li>
+<li>    description of, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>;</li>
+<li>    yaws observed at, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Footnote_165-1">165 <i>note</i></a></li></ul></li>
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177"></a>[<a href="./images/177.png">177</a>]</span><i>Tofoa</i>,<ul>
+<li>    visit of tender to, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li>
+<li>    <i>Pandora</i> visits, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Tongans<ul>
+<li>    misnamed Friendly Islanders, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>;</li>
+<li>    remember Tasman, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>;</li>
+<li>    their women, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>;</li>
+<li>    mercenary character of, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><i>Tongatabu</i><ul>
+<li>    visited, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li>
+<li>    seeds left, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Torres Straits, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+<li>Tree Island, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li>
+<li>Tubai, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li>
+<li>Tubuai, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li>
+<li>Tubou of Tonga, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li>
+<li>Tucopia, discovery of La P&eacute;rouse's relics, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Tukuaho, temporal king of Tonga, <a href="#Footnote_52-1">52 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Turmeric, used by Samoans, <a href="#Page_50">50</a> 129</li>
+<li><i>Tutuila</i> visited, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>U.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Ulietea Island, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li>
+<li>Ulukalala, Finau, letter left with, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li>
+<li>Union Group, visit to, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li>
+<li>Upolu visited, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>V.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Vanikoro sighted, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Footnote_68-1">68 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Vanion, Mynheer, Governor of Timor, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li>
+<li>Vatoa, discovered by Cook, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li>
+<li>Vavau visited, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li>
+<li>Victoria, Mount, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+<li>Victualling of Navy, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li>
+<li>Volcanic disturbance in Vavau, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li>
+<li><i>Vreedemberg</i>, voyage of, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>W.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Wallis Island visited, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Footnote_63-1">63 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Wanjon, Governor of Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li>
+<li>War canoes, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li>
+<li>Weapons of Tahitians, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li>
+<li>Williams, Rev. John, <a href="#Footnote_40-2">41 <i>note</i></a></li>
+<li>Whales, sperm, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li>
+<li>Wheat, as anti-scorbutic, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li>
+<li>White's patent ventilator, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li>
+<li>Women, status of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li>
+<li>Wreck of <i>Pandora</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>;<ul>
+<li>    casualties at, <a href="#Footnote_73-1">73 <i>note</i></a>; <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li></ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Y.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Yaws, <a href="#Footnote_165-1">165 <i>note</i></a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Z.</p>
+
+
+<ul><li>Zimers, Surgeon-General, of Timor, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li>
+<li><i>Zwan</i>, voyage home, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="figcenter"><a name="MAP" id="MAP"></a><a href="./images/map-voyage.jpg"><img src="./images/map-voyage_th.jpg" alt="Map of the voyage" title="Map of the voyage" /></a></p>
+<p class="figcenter"><span class="smcap">Map of the Voyage</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr />
+<h4>GLASGOW: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<div class='tnote'><h3>Transcriber's Notes</h3>
+
+<p>1. This text contains inconsistencies in spelling, accented characters and
+hyphenated words. They have been left as printed unless otherwise marked.</p>
+
+<p>2. On page <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, a word, 'wastward' appears as printed as either 'eastward'
+or 'westward' could be correct.</p>
+
+<p>3. Corrections which have been made are indicated by dotted lines under
+the corrected text.
+Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will <ins class="err"
+title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'apprear'">appear</ins>.</p>
+
+<p>4. Footnote anchors are labelled with the page on which they originally
+appeared. e.g. [58-3] is the 3rd footnote on page 53. Links are provided to the
+page images to assist the reader.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora, by 
+Edward Edwards and George Hamilton
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VOYAGE OF H.M.S. PANDORA ***
+
+***** This file should be named 22834-h.htm or 22834-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/8/3/22834/
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the booksmiths at
+http://www.eBookForge.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/22834-h/images/1.png b/22834-h/images/1.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62e736d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/1.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/10.png b/22834-h/images/10.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c20ad6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/10.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/100.png b/22834-h/images/100.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c59c407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/100.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/101.png b/22834-h/images/101.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08d432a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/101.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/102.png b/22834-h/images/102.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9458471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/102.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/103.png b/22834-h/images/103.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e54f68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/103.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/104.png b/22834-h/images/104.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34b3aae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/104.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/105.png b/22834-h/images/105.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1388f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/105.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/106.png b/22834-h/images/106.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57ebec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/106.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/107.png b/22834-h/images/107.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9dfa8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/107.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/108.png b/22834-h/images/108.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91d8285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/108.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/109.png b/22834-h/images/109.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..779b320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/109.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/11.png b/22834-h/images/11.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b27442f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/11.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/110.png b/22834-h/images/110.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c394817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/110.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/111.png b/22834-h/images/111.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..278a993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/111.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/112.png b/22834-h/images/112.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c70884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/112.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/113.png b/22834-h/images/113.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f19f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/113.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/114.png b/22834-h/images/114.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce8469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/114.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/115.png b/22834-h/images/115.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6818cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/115.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/116.png b/22834-h/images/116.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..292ec4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/116.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/117.png b/22834-h/images/117.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b43b330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/117.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/118.png b/22834-h/images/118.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd84851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/118.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/119.png b/22834-h/images/119.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09e29e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/119.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/12.png b/22834-h/images/12.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17b2b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/12.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/120.png b/22834-h/images/120.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..988b2ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/120.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/121.png b/22834-h/images/121.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a6f023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/121.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/122.png b/22834-h/images/122.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a153a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/122.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/123.png b/22834-h/images/123.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf4b3aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/123.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/124.png b/22834-h/images/124.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ccafe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/124.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/125.png b/22834-h/images/125.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed90f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/125.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/126.png b/22834-h/images/126.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4d0b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/126.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/127.png b/22834-h/images/127.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4374410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/127.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/128.png b/22834-h/images/128.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f54279e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/128.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/129.png b/22834-h/images/129.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26f35ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/129.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/13.png b/22834-h/images/13.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7687fe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/13.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/130.png b/22834-h/images/130.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..972df89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/130.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/131.png b/22834-h/images/131.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0295ef3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/131.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/132.png b/22834-h/images/132.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..653616d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/132.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/133.png b/22834-h/images/133.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd47f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/133.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/134.png b/22834-h/images/134.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56a7f0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/134.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/135.png b/22834-h/images/135.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bde7e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/135.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/136.png b/22834-h/images/136.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4924390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/136.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/137.png b/22834-h/images/137.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdf1c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/137.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/138.png b/22834-h/images/138.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aae1a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/138.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/139.png b/22834-h/images/139.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7424883
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/139.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/14.png b/22834-h/images/14.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9accac0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/14.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/140.png b/22834-h/images/140.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5de9e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/140.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/141.png b/22834-h/images/141.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b575ea9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/141.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/142.png b/22834-h/images/142.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..339b7a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/142.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/143.png b/22834-h/images/143.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba4946a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/143.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/144.png b/22834-h/images/144.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a9df9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/144.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/145.png b/22834-h/images/145.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e553b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/145.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/146.png b/22834-h/images/146.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15874cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/146.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/147.png b/22834-h/images/147.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dad9a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/147.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/148.png b/22834-h/images/148.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5cd554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/148.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/149.png b/22834-h/images/149.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6acc4e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/149.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/15.png b/22834-h/images/15.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..723dc90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/15.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/150.png b/22834-h/images/150.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7afe903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/150.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/151.png b/22834-h/images/151.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..318353b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/151.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/152.png b/22834-h/images/152.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c2821e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/152.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/153.png b/22834-h/images/153.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b254ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/153.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/154.png b/22834-h/images/154.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34c93ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/154.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/155.png b/22834-h/images/155.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5271f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/155.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/156.png b/22834-h/images/156.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..603930b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/156.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/157.png b/22834-h/images/157.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f376e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/157.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/158.png b/22834-h/images/158.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8830d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/158.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/159.png b/22834-h/images/159.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4f9fbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/159.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/16.png b/22834-h/images/16.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a6d1bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/16.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/160.png b/22834-h/images/160.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f7637e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/160.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/161.png b/22834-h/images/161.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ef9c28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/161.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/162.png b/22834-h/images/162.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2ad176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/162.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/163.png b/22834-h/images/163.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fb63f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/163.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/164.png b/22834-h/images/164.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e07d5bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/164.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/165.png b/22834-h/images/165.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6df7a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/165.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/166.png b/22834-h/images/166.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a60d4cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/166.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/167.png b/22834-h/images/167.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36665ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/167.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/168.png b/22834-h/images/168.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f002df0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/168.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/169.png b/22834-h/images/169.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..059310c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/169.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/17.png b/22834-h/images/17.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b9e53c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/17.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/170.png b/22834-h/images/170.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03e5e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/170.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/171.png b/22834-h/images/171.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..651a3ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/171.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/172.png b/22834-h/images/172.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cde0be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/172.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/173.png b/22834-h/images/173.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3562602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/173.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/174.png b/22834-h/images/174.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6b24a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/174.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/175.png b/22834-h/images/175.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfe9c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/175.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/176.png b/22834-h/images/176.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13fbe71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/176.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/177.png b/22834-h/images/177.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7625b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/177.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/18.png b/22834-h/images/18.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa79248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/18.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/19.png b/22834-h/images/19.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bd5985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/19.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/2.png b/22834-h/images/2.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa27c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/2.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/20.png b/22834-h/images/20.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..362bdf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/20.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/21.png b/22834-h/images/21.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6ce4f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/21.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/22.png b/22834-h/images/22.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..890e170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/22.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/23.png b/22834-h/images/23.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4298ac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/23.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/24.png b/22834-h/images/24.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9833ef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/24.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/25.png b/22834-h/images/25.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52df8a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/25.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/26.png b/22834-h/images/26.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1d7ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/26.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/27.png b/22834-h/images/27.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fff0d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/27.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/28.png b/22834-h/images/28.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83bc2a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/28.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/29.png b/22834-h/images/29.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f2f05d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/29.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/3.png b/22834-h/images/3.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3f3b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/3.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/30.png b/22834-h/images/30.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a47ddbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/30.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/31.png b/22834-h/images/31.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dba34e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/31.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/32.png b/22834-h/images/32.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..788b621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/32.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/33.png b/22834-h/images/33.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d536a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/33.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/34.png b/22834-h/images/34.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e48bf25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/34.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/35.png b/22834-h/images/35.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c3bf2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/35.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/36.png b/22834-h/images/36.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b5bdf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/36.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/37.png b/22834-h/images/37.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8acc5b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/37.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/38.png b/22834-h/images/38.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17d4bcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/38.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/39.png b/22834-h/images/39.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15c5952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/39.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/4.png b/22834-h/images/4.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b1b39f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/4.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/40.png b/22834-h/images/40.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2821678
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/40.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/41.png b/22834-h/images/41.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f079e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/41.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/42.png b/22834-h/images/42.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad58f2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/42.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/43.png b/22834-h/images/43.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ca1b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/43.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/44.png b/22834-h/images/44.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8de069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/44.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/45.png b/22834-h/images/45.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc22e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/45.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/46.png b/22834-h/images/46.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e38d759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/46.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/47.png b/22834-h/images/47.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3cb0ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/47.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/48.png b/22834-h/images/48.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d342d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/48.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/49.png b/22834-h/images/49.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cd7097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/49.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/5.png b/22834-h/images/5.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca12a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/5.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/50.png b/22834-h/images/50.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbefb82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/50.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/51.png b/22834-h/images/51.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbc4c19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/51.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/52.png b/22834-h/images/52.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7575d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/52.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/53.png b/22834-h/images/53.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..323f853
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/53.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/54.png b/22834-h/images/54.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbe538f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/54.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/55.png b/22834-h/images/55.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87ea4b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/55.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/56.png b/22834-h/images/56.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd99d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/56.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/57.png b/22834-h/images/57.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ebdb4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/57.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/58.png b/22834-h/images/58.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56c25c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/58.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/59.png b/22834-h/images/59.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f4face
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/59.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/6.png b/22834-h/images/6.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a08fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/6.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/60.png b/22834-h/images/60.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cd5fbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/60.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/61.png b/22834-h/images/61.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d1df8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/61.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/62.png b/22834-h/images/62.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67e81b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/62.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/63.png b/22834-h/images/63.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3857666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/63.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/64.png b/22834-h/images/64.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22959ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/64.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/65.png b/22834-h/images/65.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eaab82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/65.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/66.png b/22834-h/images/66.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b245a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/66.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/67.png b/22834-h/images/67.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78ff602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/67.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/68.png b/22834-h/images/68.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8f23f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/68.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/69.png b/22834-h/images/69.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b307a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/69.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/7.png b/22834-h/images/7.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96ee97e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/7.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/70.png b/22834-h/images/70.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95e4dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/70.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/71.png b/22834-h/images/71.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8470b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/71.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/72.png b/22834-h/images/72.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ba454d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/72.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/73.png b/22834-h/images/73.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea7d0f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/73.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/74.png b/22834-h/images/74.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42addc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/74.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/75.png b/22834-h/images/75.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a278bad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/75.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/76.png b/22834-h/images/76.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06116f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/76.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/77.png b/22834-h/images/77.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b91ef15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/77.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/78.png b/22834-h/images/78.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..504a9ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/78.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/79.png b/22834-h/images/79.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cccb43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/79.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/8.png b/22834-h/images/8.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3167043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/8.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/80.png b/22834-h/images/80.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47da18a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/80.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/81.png b/22834-h/images/81.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae61756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/81.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/82.png b/22834-h/images/82.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39cb1c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/82.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/83.png b/22834-h/images/83.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d46fb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/83.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/84.png b/22834-h/images/84.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..614f32c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/84.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/85.png b/22834-h/images/85.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1acef66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/85.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/86.png b/22834-h/images/86.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2579466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/86.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/87.png b/22834-h/images/87.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4a2aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/87.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/88.png b/22834-h/images/88.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1145e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/88.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/89.png b/22834-h/images/89.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4222e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/89.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/9.png b/22834-h/images/9.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71041bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/9.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/90.png b/22834-h/images/90.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1d7ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/90.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/91.png b/22834-h/images/91.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c65039c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/91.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/92.png b/22834-h/images/92.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d18507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/92.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/93.png b/22834-h/images/93.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74ac8aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/93.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/94.png b/22834-h/images/94.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef52860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/94.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/95.png b/22834-h/images/95.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ce6405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/95.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/96.png b/22834-h/images/96.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e10f718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/96.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/97.png b/22834-h/images/97.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0703fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/97.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/98.png b/22834-h/images/98.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e88909f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/98.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/99.png b/22834-h/images/99.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99b7905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/99.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/i.png b/22834-h/images/i.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54ce925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/i.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/ii.png b/22834-h/images/ii.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1d7ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/ii.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/iii.png b/22834-h/images/iii.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bffa7b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/iii.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/iv.png b/22834-h/images/iv.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1d7ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/iv.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/map-voyage.jpg b/22834-h/images/map-voyage.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e62c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/map-voyage.jpg
diff --git a/22834-h/images/map-voyage_th.jpg b/22834-h/images/map-voyage_th.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b24f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/map-voyage_th.jpg
diff --git a/22834-h/images/v.png b/22834-h/images/v.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26beb06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/v.png
diff --git a/22834-h/images/vi.png b/22834-h/images/vi.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1d7ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834-h/images/vi.png
diff --git a/22834.txt b/22834.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7ebd3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6461 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora, by
+Edward Edwards and George Hamilton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora
+       Despatched to Arrest the Mutineers of the 'Bounty' in the
+       South Seas, 1790-1791
+
+Author: Edward Edwards
+        George Hamilton
+
+Commentator: Basil Thomson
+
+Release Date: October 2, 2007 [EBook #22834]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VOYAGE OF H.M.S. PANDORA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the booksmiths at
+http://www.eBookForge.net
+
+
+
+
+
+VOYAGE OF
+
+H.M.S. 'PANDORA'
+
+DESPATCHED TO ARREST THE MUTINEERS OF
+THE 'BOUNTY' IN THE SOUTH SEAS, 1790-91
+
+BEING THE NARRATIVES OF
+
+CAPTAIN EDWARD EDWARDS, R.N.
+
+THE COMMANDER
+
+AND
+
+GEORGE HAMILTON
+
+THE SURGEON
+
+WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY
+
+BASIL THOMSON
+
+LONDON
+FRANCIS EDWARDS
+83 HIGH STREET, MARYLEBONE
+1915
+
+
+CONTENTS
+                                                    PAGE
+
+INTRODUCTION                                           1
+CAPTAIN EDWARDS' REPORTS                              27
+A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD                              91
+    VOYAGE FROM OTAHEITE TO ANAMOOKA                 121
+    VOYAGE FROM ANAMOOKA, WITH AN ACCOUNT
+        OF THE LOSS OF THE _PANDORA_                 136
+    VOYAGE FROM THE WRECK TO THE ISLAND OF TIMOR     147
+    OCCURRENCES AT COUPANG; VOYAGE TO BATAVIA,
+        ETC.; ARRIVAL IN ENGLAND                     160
+INDEX                                                173
+    MAP OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN, SHOWING THE COURSE
+        FOLLOWED BY H.M.S. _PANDORA_ IN 1791
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+NONE of the minor incidents in our naval history has inspired so many
+writers as the Mutiny of the _Bounty_. Histories, biographies and
+romances, from Bligh's narrative in 1790 to Mr. Becke's "Mutineers" in
+1898, have been founded upon it; Byron took it for the theme of the least
+happy of his dramatic poems; and all these, not because the mutiny left
+any mark upon history, but because it ranks first among the stories of
+the sea, instinct with the living elements of romance, of primal passion
+and of tragedy--all moving to a happy ending in the Arcadia of Pitcairn
+Island. And yet, while every incident in the moving story, even to the
+evidence in the famous court-martial, has been discussed over and over
+again, there has been lying in the Record Office for more than a century
+an autograph manuscript, written by one of the principal actors in the
+drama, which no one has thought it worth while to print.
+
+Though the story of the mutiny is too well known to need repeating in
+detail, it is necessary to set forth as briefly as possible its relation
+to the history of maritime discovery in the Pacific. In the year 1787,
+ten years after the death of Captain Cook in Hawaii, a number of West
+India merchants in London, stirred by the glowing reports of the natural
+wealth of the South Sea Islands brought home by Dampier and Cook,
+petitioned the government to acclimatize the bread-fruit in Jamaica. A
+ship of 215 tons was purchased into the service and fitted out under the
+direct superintendence of Sir Joseph Banks, who named her the _Bounty_,
+and recommended William Bligh, one of Cook's officers, for the command.
+It was a new departure. The object of most of the earlier government
+expeditions to the South Seas had been the advancement of geographical
+science and natural history; the voyage of the _Bounty_ was to turn
+former discoveries to the profit of the empire.
+
+Bligh was singularly ill-fitted for the command. While he had undoubted
+ability, his whole career shows him to have been wanting in the tact and
+temper without which no one can successfully lead men; and in this
+venture his own defects were aggravated by the inefficiency of his
+officers. He took in his cargo of bread-fruit trees at Tahiti, and there
+was no active insubordination until he reached Tonga on the homeward
+voyage. At sunrise on April 28th, 1789, the crew mutinied under the
+leadership of Fletcher Christian, the Master's Mate, whom Bligh's
+ungoverned temper had provoked beyond endurance. The seamen had other
+motives. Bligh had kept them far too long at Tahiti, and during the five
+months they had spent at the island, every man had formed a connection
+among the native women, and had enjoyed a kind of life that contrasted
+sharply with the lot of bluejackets a century ago. Forcing Bligh, and
+such of their shipmates as were loyal to him, into the launch, and
+casting them adrift with food and water barely sufficient for a week's
+subsistence, they set the ship's course eastward, crying "Huzza for
+Tahiti!" There followed an open boat voyage that is unexampled in
+maritime history. The boat was only 23 feet long; the weight of eighteen
+men sank her almost to the gunwale; the ocean before them was unknown,
+and teeming with hidden dangers; their only arms against hostile natives
+were a few cutlasses, their only food two ounces of biscuit each a day;
+and yet they ran 3618 nautical miles in forty-one days, and reached Timor
+with the loss of only one man, and he was killed by the natives at the
+very outset.
+
+The mutineers fared as mutineers have always fared. Having sailed the
+ship to Tahiti, they fell out among themselves, half taking the _Bounty_
+to the uninhabited island of Pitcairn, where they were discovered
+twenty-seven years later, and half remaining at Tahiti. Of these two were
+murdered, four were drowned in the wreck of the _Pandora_, three were
+hanged in England, and six were pardoned, one living to become a
+post-captain in the navy, another to be gunner on the _Blenheim_ when she
+foundered with Sir Thomas Troubridge.
+
+One boat voyage only is recorded as being longer than Bligh's. In 1536
+Diego Botelho Pereira made the passage from Portuguese India to Lisbon in
+a native _fusta_, or lateen rigged boat, but a little larger than
+Bligh's. He had, however, covered her with a deck, and provisioned her
+for the venture, and he was able to replenish his stock at various points
+on the voyage.
+
+In 1790 the publication of Bligh's account of his sufferings excited the
+strongest public sympathy, and the Admiralty lost no time in fitting out
+an expedition to search for the mutineers, and bring them home to
+punishment. The _Pandora_, frigate, of 24 guns, was commissioned for the
+purpose, and manned by 160 men, composed largely of landsmen, for every
+trained seaman in the navy had gone to man the great fleet then
+assembling at Portsmouth under Lord Howe. Captain Edward Edwards, the
+officer chosen for the command, had a high reputation as a seaman and a
+disciplinarian, and from the point of view of the Admiralty, who intended
+the cruise simply as a police mission without any scientific object, no
+better choice could have been made. Their orders to him were to proceed
+to Tahiti, and, not finding the mutineers there, to visit the different
+groups of the Society and Friendly Islands, and the others in the
+neighbouring parts of the Pacific, using his best endeavours to seize and
+bring home in confinement the whole, or such part of the delinquents as
+he might be able to discover. "You are," the orders ran, "to keep the
+mutineers as closely confined as may preclude all possibility of their
+escaping, having, however, proper regard to the preservation of their
+lives, that they may be brought home to undergo the punishment due to
+their demerits." Edwards belonged to that useful class of public servant
+that lives upon instructions. With a roving commission in an ocean
+studded with undiscovered islands the possibilities of scientific
+discovery were immense, but he faced them like a blinkered horse that has
+his eyes fixed on the narrow track before him, and all the pleasant
+byways of the road shut out. A cold, hard man, devoid of sympathy and
+imagination, of every interest beyond the straitened limits of his
+profession, Edwards in the eye of posterity was almost the worst man that
+could have been chosen. For, with a different commander, the voyage would
+have been one of the most important in the history of South Sea
+discovery, and the account he has written of it compares in style and
+colour with a log-book.
+
+In Edwards' place a more genial man, a Catoira, a Wallis, or a Cook,
+would have written a journal of discovery that might have taken a place
+in the front rank of the literature of travel. He would have investigated
+the murder of La Perouse's boat's crew in Tutuila on the spot; he would
+have rescued the survivors of that ill-fated expedition whose
+smoke-signals he saw on Vanikoro; he would have brought home news of the
+great Fiji group through which Bligh passed in the _Bounty's_ launch; he
+might even have discovered Fletcher Christian's colony of mutineers in
+Pitcairn. But, on the other hand, humanity to his prisoners might have
+furnished them with the means of escape, and his ardour for discovery
+might have led him into dangers from which no one would have survived to
+tell the tale. Edwards had the qualities of his defects. If he treated
+his prisoners harshly, he prevented them from contaminating his crew, and
+brought the majority of them home alive through all the perils of
+shipwreck and famine. In all the attacks that have been made upon him
+there is not a word against his character as a plain, straight-forward
+officer, who could lick a crew of landsmen into shape, and keep them
+loyal to him through the stress of shipwreck and privation. If he was
+callous to the sufferings of his prisoners, he was at least as
+indifferent to his own. If he felt no sympathy with others, he asked for
+none with himself. If he won no love, he compelled respect.
+
+Of his officers little need be said. Corner, the first lieutenant, was a
+stout seaman, who bottled up his disapproval of his captain's behaviour
+until the commission was out. Hayward, the second lieutenant, was a
+time-server. He had been a midshipman on the _Bounty_ at the time of the
+mutiny, and an intimate friend of young Peter Heywood who was constrained
+to cast in his lot with the mutineers, yet, when Heywood gave himself up
+on the arrival of the _Pandora_ at Tahiti, his old comrade, now risen in
+the world, received him with a haughty stare. Of Larkin, Passmore, and
+the rest, we know nothing.
+
+Fortunately for us, the _Pandora_ carried a certain rollicking,
+irresponsible person as surgeon. George Hamilton has been called "a
+coarse, vulgar, and illiterate man, more disposed to relate licentious
+scenes and adventures, in which he and his companions were engaged, than
+to give any information of proceedings and occurrences connected with
+the main object of the voyage." From this puritanical criticism most
+readers will dissent. Hamilton was bred in Northumberland, and was at
+this time past forty. His portrait, the frontispiece to his book,
+represents him in the laced coat and powdered wig of the period, a man of
+middle age, with clever, well-cut features, and a large, humorous, and
+rather sensual mouth. His book, with all its faults of scandalous plain
+speech, is one that few naval surgeons of that day could have written.
+The style, though flippant, is remarkable for a cynical but always
+good-natured humour, and on the rare occasions when he thought it
+professionally incumbent on him to be serious, as in his discussion of
+the best dietary for long voyages, and the physical effects of
+privations, his remarks display observation and good sense. It must be
+admitted, I fear, that he relates certain of his own and his shipmates'
+adventures ashore with shameless gusto, but he wrote in an age that loved
+plain speech, and that did not care to veil its appetite for licence.
+Like Edwards, he tells us little of the prisoners after they were
+consigned to "Pandora's Box." His narrative is valuable as a commentary
+on Edwards' somewhat meagre report, and for the sidelights which it
+throws upon the manners of naval officers of those days. Even Edwards, to
+whom he is always loyal, does not escape his little shaft of satire when
+he relates how the stern captain was driven to conduct prayers in the
+most desperate portion of the boat voyage. His book, published at Berwick
+in 1793, has now become so rare that Mr. Quaritch lately advertised for
+it three times without success, and therefore no excuse is needed for
+reprinting it.
+
+The _Pandora_ was dogged by ill luck from the first. An epidemic fever
+raging in England at the time of her departure, was introduced on board,
+it was thought, by infected clothing. The sick bay, and indeed, the
+officers' cabins, too, were crammed with stores intended for the return
+voyage of the _Bounty_, and there was no accommodation for the sick.
+Hamilton attributes their recovery to the use of tea and sugar, then
+carried for the first time in a ship of war. He gives some interesting
+information regarding the precautions taken against scurvy. They had
+essence of malt and hops for brewing beer, a mill for grinding wheat, the
+meal being eaten with brown sugar, and as much saurkraut as the crew
+chose to eat.
+
+The first land sighted after rounding Cape Horn, was Ducie's island;
+probably the same island which, as the Encarnacion of Quiros, has dodged
+about the charts of the old geographers, swelling into a continent,
+contracting into an atoll, and finally coming to rest in the
+neighbourhood of the Solomon Islands before vanishing for ever. The
+_Pandora_ was now in the latitude of Pitcairn, which lay down wind only
+three hundred miles distant. If she had but kept a westerly course, she
+must have sighted it, for the island's peak is visible for many leagues,
+but relentless ill fortune turned her northward, and during the ensuing
+day she passed the men she was in search of scarce thirty leagues away.
+One glimmer of good fortune awaited Edwards in Tahiti. The schooner built
+by the mutineers was ready for sea, but not provisioned for a voyage. She
+put to sea, and outsailed the _Pandora's_ boat that went in chase of her,
+but her crew, dreading the inevitable starvation that faced them, put
+back during the night and took to the mountains, where they were all
+captured.
+
+In the matter of "Pandora's Box," there were excuses for Edwards, who was
+bitterly attacked afterwards for his inhumanity. One of the chiefs had
+warned him that there was a plot between the natives and the mutineers to
+cut the cable of the _Pandora_ in the night. Most of the mutineers were
+connected through their women with influential chiefs, and nothing was
+more likely than that such a rescue should be attempted. His own crew,
+moreover, were human. They could see for themselves the charms of a life
+in Tahiti; they could hear from the prisoners the consideration in which
+Englishmen were held in this delightful land. What had been possible in
+the _Bounty_ was possible in the _Pandora_. Edwards regarded his
+prisoners as pirates, desperate with the weight of the rope about their
+necks. His orders were definite--to consider nothing but the preservation
+of their lives--and he did his duty in his own way according to his
+lights. And that he was not insensible to every feeling of humanity is
+shown by the fact that he allowed the native wives of the mutineers daily
+access to their husbands while the ship lay there. The infinitely
+pathetic story of poor "Peggy," the beautiful Tahitian girl who had borne
+a child to midshipman Stewart, was vouched for six years later by the
+missionaries of the "Duff." She had to be separated from her husband by
+force, and it was at his request that she was not again admitted to the
+ship. Poor girl! it was all her life to her. A month before her
+boy-husband perished in the wreck of the _Pandora_, she had died of a
+broken heart, leaving her baby, the first half-caste born in Tahiti, to
+be brought up by the missionaries.
+
+"Pandora's Box" certainly needed some excuse. A round house, eleven feet
+long, accessible only through a scuttle in the roof, was built upon the
+quarter deck as a prison for the fourteen mutineers, who were ironed and
+handcuffed. Hamilton says that the roundhouse was built partly out of
+consideration for the prisoners themselves, in order to spare them the
+horrors of prolonged imprisonment below in the tropics, and that although
+the service regulations restricted prisoners to two-thirds allowance,
+Edwards rationed them exactly like the ship's company. Morrison,
+however, who seems to have belonged to that objectionable class of
+seamen--the sea-lawyer--having kept a journal of grievances against Bligh
+when on the _Bounty_, and preserved it even in "Pandora's Box," gives a
+very different account, and Peter Heywood, a far more trustworthy
+witness, declared in a letter to his mother, that they were kept "with
+both hands and both legs in irons, and were obliged to eat, drink, sleep,
+and obey the calls of nature, without ever being allowed to get out of
+this den."
+
+Edwards now provisioned the mutineers' little schooner, and put on board
+of her a prize crew of two petty officers and seven men to navigate her
+as his tender. For the first few weeks, while the scent was keen, he
+maintained a very active search for the _Bounty_. He had three clues:
+first, the mention of Aitutaki in a story the mutineers had told the
+natives to account for their reappearance; second, a report made to him
+by Hillbrant, one of his prisoners, that Christian, on the night before
+he left Tahiti, had declared his intention of settling on Duke of York's
+Island; and third, the discovery on Palmerston Island of the _Bounty's_
+driver yard, much worm-eaten from long immersion. It must be confessed
+that hopes founded on these clues did little credit to Edwards'
+intelligence. Aitutaki, having been discovered by Bligh, was the last
+place Christian would have chosen: he might have guessed that a man of
+Christian's intelligence would intentionally have given a false account
+of his projects to the mutineers he left behind, knowing that even if all
+who were set adrift in the boat had perished, the story of the mutiny
+would be learned by the first ship that visited Tahiti; a worm-eaten spar
+lying on the tide-mark, at an island situated directly down-wind from the
+Society Islands, so far from proving that the _Bounty_ had been there,
+indicated the exact contrary. But it is to be remembered that at this
+time the islands known to exist in the Pacific could almost be counted on
+the fingers, and that Edwards could not have hoped, within the limits of
+a single cruise, to examine even the half of those that were marked in
+his chart. Had he suspected the existence of the vast number of islands
+around him, he would at once have realised the hopelessness of attempting
+to discover the hiding-place of an able navigator bent on concealment.
+Whether, as has been suggested by one writer,[10-1] Christian was piloted
+to Pitcairn by his Tahitian companions, of whom some were descended from
+the old native inhabitants, or had read of it in Carteret's voyage in
+1767, or had chanced upon it by accident, he could have followed no wiser
+course than to steer eastward, and upwind, for any vessel despatched to
+arrest him would perforce go first to Tahiti for information, when it
+would be too late to beat to the eastward without immense loss of time.
+
+From Aitutaki Edwards bore north-west to investigate the second clue, and
+in the Union Group he made his first important discovery of new
+land--Nukunono, inhabited by a branch of the Micronesian race, crossed
+with Polynesian blood. From thence he ran southward to Samoa, where he
+came upon traces of the massacre of La Perouse's second in command, M. de
+Langle, in the shape of accoutrements cut from the uniforms of the French
+officers. Consistent with his usual concentration upon the object of his
+voyage, he does not seem to have cared to make enquiries about them.
+
+At this stage in the voyage there occurred an accident which, from our
+point of view, must be regarded as the most fortunate incident of the
+voyage. The tender, very imperfectly victualled, parted company in a
+thick shower of rain. At this date Fiji, the most important group in the
+South Pacific, was practically unknown. Tasman had sighted its
+north-eastern extremity: Cook had discovered Vatoa, an outlying island in
+the far southward, and had heard of it from the Tongans in his second
+voyage when he had not time to look for it; Bligh had passed through the
+heart of it in his boat voyage, and had even been chased by two canoes
+from Round Island, Yasawa; but no European had landed or held any
+intercourse with the natives. It is not easy to understand how islands of
+such magnitude as Fiji should have remained undiscovered so long after
+every other important group in the Pacific had found its place in the
+charts of the Pacific. They were known by repute; Hamilton writes of "the
+savage and cannibal Feegees"; they lay but two days' sail down-wind from
+Tonga. Three years before the _Pandora's_ cruise the Pacific had been
+thrown open to the sperm whale fishery, which has had so large a part in
+South Sea discovery, by the cruise of the English ship _Amelia_, fitted
+out by Enderby; and yet neither ship of war nor whaler had chanced upon
+them. But for a meagre passage in Edwards' journal, and a traditionary
+poem in the Fijian language, we should not know to whom belongs the
+honour of first visiting them. The native tradition sets forth that with
+the first visit of a European ship a devastating sickness, called the
+Great Lila, or "Wasting Sickness," attacked the people of one of the
+Eastern Islands (of the Lau group), and, spreading from island to island,
+swept away vast numbers of the people. There are, it may be remarked,
+innumerable instances in history of the contact between continental and
+island peoples, both of them healthy at the time of contact, producing
+fatal epidemics among the islanders. Even among our own Hebrides the
+natives are said to look for an outbreak of "Strangers' Cold" after every
+visit of a ship. The Fijian tradition certainly dates from a few years
+before the beginning of the last century.
+
+The real discoverers of Fiji seem to have been Oliver, master's mate;
+Renouard, midshipman; James Dodds, quartermaster, and six seamen of the
+_Pandora_, who formed the crew of Edwards' tender; and surely no ship
+that ever ventured among those dangerous islands was so ill furnished for
+repelling attack. Edwards had sent provisions and ammunition on board of
+her when off Palmerston Island, but by this time they were exhausted, and
+a fresh supply was actually on the _Pandora's_ deck when she parted
+company. Her provision for the long and dangerous voyage before her was a
+bag of salt, a bag of nails and ironware, a boarding netting, and several
+seven-barrelled pieces and blunderbusses. She had besides the latitude
+and longitude of the places the _Pandora_ would touch at.
+
+The following account of their cruise is drawn from the remarks of
+Edwards and Hamilton on finding the tender safe in Samarang, for I have
+searched the Record Office in vain for Oliver's log. If he kept any, it
+was not thought worth preserving. On the night the tender parted company,
+the 22nd June, 1791, the natives of the south-east end of Upolu made a
+determined attack upon the little vessel with their canoes. The
+seven-barrelled pieces made terrible havoc among them, but, never having
+seen fire-arms, and not understanding the connection between the fall of
+their comrades and the report, they kept up the attack with great fury.
+But for the boarding netting they would easily have taken the schooner,
+and indeed, one fellow succeeded in springing over it, and would have
+felled Oliver with his club had he not been shot dead at the moment of
+striking. On the 23rd they cruised about in search of the _Pandora_ until
+the afternoon when, having drunk their last drop of water, they gave her
+up, and made sail for Namuka, the appointed rendezvous. The torture they
+suffered from thirst on the passage was such that poor Renouard, the
+midshipman, became delirious, and continued so for many weeks. Their
+leeway and the easterly current combined to set them to the westward of
+Namuka, and the first land they made was Tofoa, which they mistook for
+Namuka, their rendezvous. The natives, the same that had attacked Bligh
+so treacherously two years before, sold them provisions and water, and
+then made an attempt to take the vessel, and would have succeeded but for
+the fire-arms. On the very day of the attack the _Pandora_ dropped anchor
+at Namuka, within sight of Tofoa, and not finding her tender, bore down
+upon that island. Had Oliver been able to wait there for her, his
+troubles would have been at an end. But he dared not take the risk, and
+when Edwards sent a boat ashore to make enquiries the little schooner had
+sailed. The reception accorded to Edwards at Tofoa is very characteristic
+of the Tongans. Lieutenant Hayward, who had been present at the attack
+made upon Bligh, recognised several of the murderers of Norton among the
+people who crowded on board to do homage to the great chief, Fatafehi,
+who had taken passage in the frigate, but Edwards dared not punish them
+for fear that his tender should fall among them after he had left. Had he
+but known that these men had come red-handed from a treacherous attack
+upon the tender; that Fatafehi, who so loudly condemned their treachery
+to Bligh, and assured him that nothing had been seen of the little
+vessel, had just heard of the abortive attack they had made upon her, he
+would have taught them a lesson that would have lasted the Tongans many
+years, and might have saved the lives of the Europeans who perished in
+the taking of the _Port-au-Prince_ and the _Duke of Portland_. For these
+"Norsemen of the Pacific," whom Cook, knowing nothing of the treachery
+they had planned against him under the guise of hospitality, misnamed the
+"Friendly Islanders," were, in reality, a nation of wreckers.
+
+Leaving Tofoa about July 1st, the schooner ran westward for two days
+"nearly in its latitude," and fell in with an island which Edwards
+supposed to be one of the Fiji group. The island of the Fiji group that
+lies most nearly in the latitude of Tofoa is Vatoa, discovered by Cook,
+but there are strong reasons for seeking Oliver's discoveries elsewhere.
+Vatoa lies only 170 miles from Tofoa, and, therefore, if Oliver took two
+days in reaching it, he cannot have been running at more than three knots
+an hour. But, early in July, the south-east trade wind is at its
+strongest, and with a fair wind a fast sailer, as we know the schooner to
+have been, cannot have been travelling at a slower rate than six knots.
+We are further told that Oliver waited five weeks at the island, and took
+in provisions and water. Now, in July, which is the middle of the dry
+season, no water is to be found on Vatoa except a little muddy and fetid
+liquid at the bottom of shallow wells which the natives, who rely upon
+coconuts for drinking water, only use for cooking. Provisions also are
+very scarce there at all times. The same objections apply to Ongea and
+Fulanga which lie fifty miles north of Vatoa, in the same longitude,
+though they certainly possess harbours in which a vessel could lie for
+five weeks, which Vatoa does not. If, however, the schooner ran at the
+rate of six knots, as may safely be assumed, all difficulties, except
+that of latitude, vanish together, for at the distance of 290 nautical
+miles from Tofoa lies Matuku, which with much justification has been
+described by Wilkes as the most beautiful of all the islands in the
+Pacific. There the natives live in perpetual plenty among perennial
+streams, and could victual the largest ship without feeling any
+diminution of their stock. In the harbour three frigates could lie in
+perfect safety, and the people have earned a reputation for honesty and
+hospitality to passing ships which belongs to the inhabitants of none of
+the large islands. There is another alternative--Kandavu--but to reach
+that island, the schooner must have run at an average of eleven knots,
+and the number and cupidity of the natives would have made a stay of five
+weeks impossible to a vessel so poorly manned and armed.
+
+All these considerations point to the fact that Oliver lay for five weeks
+at Matuku, which lies but fifty miles north of the latitude of Tofoa. He
+was, therefore, the first European who had intercourse with the Fijians.
+Their traditions have never been collected, and if one be found recording
+the insignificant details so dear to the native poet, such as the
+boarding netting, or the sickness of Midshipman Renouard, or better
+still, the outbreak of the Great Lila Sickness, the inference may be
+taken as proved.
+
+Any other navigator than Edwards would have given us details of Oliver's
+wonderful voyage, or, at least, would have preserved his log, but the
+voyage from Fiji to the Great Barrier reef is a blank. Hamilton, indeed,
+alludes vaguely to the crew having had to be on their guard "at other
+islands that were inhabited," and since their course from Fiji to
+Endeavour Straits would have carried them through the heart of the New
+Hebrides, and close to Malicolo, we may assume that they called at Api,
+at Ambrym or at Malicolo to replenish their stock of water. They reached
+the Great Barrier reef in the greatest distress, and having run "from
+shore to shore," _i.e._ from New Guinea to within sight of the coast of
+Queensland without finding an opening, and having to choose between the
+alternatives of shipwreck or of death by famine, they went boldly at it,
+and beat over the reef. Even then they would have starved but for their
+providential encounter with a small Dutch vessel cruising a little to the
+westward of Endeavour Straits, which supplied them with water and
+provisions. The governor of the first Dutch settlement they touched at,
+having a description of the mutineers from the British Government, and
+observing that their schooner was built of foreign timber, refused to
+believe their account of themselves, especially as Oliver, being a petty
+officer, could produce no commission or warrant in support of his
+statement, and imprisoned them all, without, however, treating them with
+harshness. On the first opportunity he sent them to Samarang, where
+Edwards had them released. The plucky little schooner was sold, to begin
+another career of usefulness as set forth in the footnote to p. 33, and
+her purchase money was divided among the _Pandora's_ crew.
+
+Thus ended one of the most eventful voyages in the history of South Sea
+discovery, dismissed by Edwards in a few lines; by Hamilton in two pages.
+The search made among the naval archives at the Record Office leaves but
+little hope that any log-book or journal has been preserved.
+
+Meanwhile, Edwards, disappointed in his search for the tender at Namuka
+and Tofoa, and prevented by a head wind from examining Tongatabu, set his
+course again for Samoa, and passed within sight of Vavau by the way.
+Making the easterly extremity of the group, he visited in turn Manua,
+Tutuila, and Upolu, but, like Bougainville, did not sight Savaii, which
+lay a little to the northward of his course. It is not surprising that
+the natives of Upolu denied all knowledge of the tender, seeing that they
+had made a determined attempt upon her less than a month before. From
+Samoa he sailed to Vavau which he named Howe's Group, in ignorance that
+it had been discovered by Maurelle ten years before, and subsequently
+visited by La Perouse. Running southward, he made Pylstaart, at that time
+inhabited by Tongan castaways, and the fact that he did not stop to
+examine it, although he saw by the smoke that it was inhabited, shows
+that he had begun to tire of his search for the mutineers. Having
+enquired at Tongatabu and Eua, he returned to Namuka for water, and at
+this point any systematic search either for the tender or the mutineers
+seems to have been abandoned.
+
+Edwards had now been nine months at sea, and the prospect of the long
+homeward voyage round the Cape was still before him. With every league he
+had sailed westward the scent had grown fainter, and he was about to pass
+the spot from which the mutineers were known to have sailed in the
+opposite direction. His course is not easy to explain. To reason that the
+tender had fallen to leeward of her rendezvous, and had been compelled to
+seek shelter and provisions at one of the islands discovered by Bligh
+only two days' sail to the westward, required no high degree of
+foresight; and yet Edwards, who must have known the position of the Fiji
+islands from Bligh's narrative, deliberately set his course for
+Niuatobutabu, two days' sail to the north-west. But, falling to leeward
+of it, he made Niuafo'ou, the curious volcanic island discovered by
+Schouten in 1616, and never since visited. The prevailing wind making a
+visit to Niuatobutabu now impossible, he visited Wallis Island, and then
+bore away to the west.
+
+On August 8th, 1791, he made the discovery of Rotuma, whose enterprising
+people now furnish the Torres Straits pearl fishery with its best divers.
+It is difficult to forgive him for leaving so meagre an account of this
+interesting little community of mixed Polynesian and Micronesian blood.
+Edwards was probably mistaken in thinking their intentions hostile. Kau
+Moala, a Tongan who visited them in 1807, and related his experiences to
+Mariner, describes them as always friendly to strangers. Probably they
+took the _Pandora_ for a god-ship, and since the Immortals of their
+Pantheon are generally malevolent, they left their women behind, and
+flourished weapons to scare the gods into good behaviour. In 1807 they
+had forgotten the visit, perhaps because it had brought them no calamity
+to inspire the native poets. Hamilton relates an incident quite in
+keeping with the character of this determined and sturdy little people.
+"One fellow was making off with some booty, but was detected; and
+although five of the stoutest men in the ship were hanging upon him, and
+had fast hold of his long flowing black hair, he overpowered them all,
+and jumped overboard with his prize."
+
+The ill fortune that pursued Edwards, that had baulked him of Pitcairn
+when it lay within a few hours' sail, that had cheated him at once of the
+recovery of his tender and the discovery of Fiji, and was soon to rob him
+of his ship, now dealt him the unkindest cut of all. On August 13th, he
+sighted the island of Vanikoro, and ran along its shore, sometimes within
+a mile of the reef. There was no conceivable reason why he should not
+have made some attempt to communicate with the inhabitants whose smoke
+signals attracted his attention. Had he done so, he would have been the
+means of rescuing the survivors of La Perouse's expedition, and of
+clearing away the mystery that covered their fate for so many years. For,
+after Dillon's discoveries, there can be little doubt that they were on
+the island at that very time, and it is not unlikely that the smoke was
+actually a signal made by them to attract his attention. The Comte de la
+Perouse, who had been despatched on a voyage of discovery by Louis XVI.
+on the eve of the Revolution, handed his journals to Governor Phillip in
+Botany Bay for transmission to Europe in 1788, and neither he, nor his
+two frigates, nor any of their company were ever seen again. Their fate
+produced so painful an impression in France that the National Assembly,
+then in the throes of the Revolution, sent out a relief expedition under
+"Citizen-admiral" d'Entrecasteaux, and issued a splendid edition of his
+journals at the public expense. We now know from the native account
+elicited by Dillon that during a hurricane on a very dark night both
+frigates struck on the reef of Vanikoro, that the _Astrolabe_ foundered
+with all hands in deep water, and the crew of the _Boussole_ got safe to
+land. They stayed on the island until they had built a brig of native
+timber, in which they sailed away to the westward to meet a second
+shipwreck, perhaps on the Great Barrier reef. But two of them stayed
+behind for many years, and of these one was certainly alive in 1825. Now,
+Edwards saw Vanikoro just three years after the wreck, and even if the
+brig had sailed, there were two castaways who could have cleared up the
+mystery.
+
+After a narrow escape from shipwreck on the Indispensable Reef, he made
+the coast of New Guinea, supposing it to be one of the Louisiades. And
+here has occurred one of those curious errors in geographical
+nomenclature which are perpetuated by the most permanent of all
+histories--the Admiralty charts. Edwards gives the positions of two
+conspicuous headlands, which he named Cape Rodney and Cape Hood, and of a
+mountain lying between them which he called Mount Clarence. All these
+names appear in the Admiralty charts, but they are assigned to the wrong
+places. To a ship coming from the eastward the Cape Rodney of the charts
+is not conspicuous enough to have attracted Edwards' attention. The Cape
+Hood of the charts, on the contrary, cannot be mistaken, and it lies
+exactly in the position which Edwards gave for Cape Rodney. The "Cape
+Hood" that Edwards saw was undoubtedly Round Head, and his Mount Clarence
+must have been the high cone between them in the Saroa district. The
+_Pandora_ must have approached on one of those misty mornings when the
+clouds creep down the mountain sides of New Guinea, and obscure the
+ranges that rise, tier upon tier, right up to the towering peak of Mount
+Victoria, or Edwards could not have mistaken the continent for the
+insignificant islands of the Louisiades. On such a morning a narrow line
+of coast stands out clear against a background of sombre fog.
+
+The baleful fortune of the _Pandora_, now folded her wings and perched
+upon the taffrail. By hugging the coast of New Guinea she would have won
+a clear passage through these wreck-strewn straits of Torres, but the
+navigators of those days counted on clear water to Endeavour Straits, and
+recked little of the dangers of the Great Barrier reef. Bligh, who
+chanced upon a passage in 12.34 S. Lat. so aptly that he called it
+"Providential Channel," cautioned future navigators in words that should
+have warned Edwards against the course he was steering. "These, however,
+are marks too small for a ship to hit, unless it can hereafter be
+ascertained that passages through the reef are numerous along the coast."
+Edwards was not looking for Bligh's passage, which lay more than two
+degrees southward of his course. He had lately adopted a most dangerous
+practice of running blindly on through the night. Until he made the coast
+of New Guinea, he had profited by the warning of Bougainville, the only
+navigator whose book he seems to have studied, and always lay to till
+daylight, but now, in the most dangerous sea in the world, he threw this
+obvious precaution to the wind. Hamilton, to whom we are indebted for
+this information (for it did not transpire at the court martial) says
+that "the great length of the voyage would not permit it." How fatuous a
+proceeding it was in unsurveyed and unknown waters may be judged from the
+fact that in coral seas that have been carefully surveyed all ships of
+war are now compelled to keep the lead going whenever they move in coral
+waters. On August 25th he discovered the Murray Islands, and, after
+spending the day in a vain attempt to force a passage through them, he
+followed the reef southward for two days without finding a passage. This
+must have brought him very near the latitude of Bligh's passage. On the
+morning of August 28th Lieut. Corner was sent to examine what appeared to
+be a channel, and an hour before dark he signalled that he had found a
+passage large enough for the ship. The night fell before the boat could
+get back, and this induced Edwards, who had already lost one boat's crew
+and his tender, to lie much closer to the reef than was prudent. The
+current did the rest. About seven the ship struck heavily, and, bumping
+over the reef, tore her planking so that, despite eleven hours incessant
+pumping, she foundered shortly after daylight. Eighty-nine of the ship's
+company and ten of the mutineers were picked up by the boats and landed
+on a sand cay four miles distant, and thirty-one sailors, and four
+mutineers (who went down in manacles) were drowned.
+
+Having read the different versions of this affair both for and against
+Edwards, I think it is proved that, besides treating his prisoners with
+inhumanity, he disregarded the orders of the Admiralty. His attitude
+towards the prisoners was always consistent. We learn from Corner that he
+allowed Coleman, Norman and Mackintosh to work at the pumps, but that
+when the others implored him to let them out of irons he placed two
+additional sentries over them, and threatened to shoot the first man who
+attempted to liberate himself. Every allowance must be made for the fear
+that in the disordered state of the ship, they might have made an attempt
+to escape, but during the eleven hours in which the water was gaining
+upon the pumps there was ample time to provide for their security. That
+so many were saved was due, not to him, but to a boatswain's mate, who
+risked his own life to liberate them. Lieut. Corner, who would not have
+been likely to err on the side of hostility to Edwards, gives his
+evidence against him in this particular. But whether he is to be believed
+or not, the fact that four of the prisoners went down in irons is
+impossible to extenuate.
+
+Edwards dismisses the boat voyage in very few words, though, in fact, it
+was a remarkable achievement to take four overloaded boats from the
+Barrier Reef to Timor without the loss of a single man. He made the coast
+of Queensland a little to the south of Albany Island, where the blacks
+first helped him to fill his water breakers, and then attacked him. He
+watered again at Horn Island, and then sailed through the passage which
+bears Flinders' name owing to the fallacy that he discovered it. After
+clearing the sound, he seems to have mistaken Prince of Wales' Island for
+Cape York, which he had left many miles behind him.
+
+Favoured by a fair wind and a calm sea, he made the run from Flinders
+passage to Timor in eleven days. Like Bligh, he found that the young bore
+their privations better than the old, and that the first effect of thirst
+and famine is to make men excessively irritable. Hamilton records a
+characteristic incident. Edwards had neglected to conduct prayers in his
+boat until he was reminded of his duty by one of the mutineers, who was
+leading the devotions of the seamen in the bows of the boat. Scandalized
+at the impropriety of a "pirate" daring to appeal to the Highest Tribunal
+for mercy, as it were, behind the back of the earthly court before which
+he was shortly to be arraigned, the captain sternly reproved him, and
+conducted prayers himself. A sense of humour was not numbered among
+Edwards' endowments.
+
+Timor was sighted on the 13th September, and on the 15th the party landed
+at Coupang, where the Dutch authorities received them with every
+hospitality. Here they met the survivors of a third boat voyage,
+scarcely less adventurous than Bligh's and their own. A party of
+convicts, including a woman and two small children, had contrived to
+steal a ship's gig and to escape in her from Port Jackson. Sleeping on
+shore at nights whenever possible, subsisting on shell-fish and
+sea-birds, they ran the entire length of the Queensland coast, threaded
+Endeavour Straits, and arrived at Coupang after an exposure lasting ten
+weeks without the loss of a single life. Having given themselves out as
+the survivors from the wreck of an English ship, they were entertained
+with great hospitality until the arrival of Edwards two weeks later, when
+they betrayed their story gratuitously. The captain of a Dutch vessel,
+who spoke English, on first hearing the news of Edwards' landing, ran to
+them with the glad tidings of their captain's arrival, on which one of
+them started up in surprise and exclaimed, "What captain? Dam'me! we have
+no captain." On hearing this the governor had them arrested, and sent to
+the castle, one man and the woman having to be pursued into the bush
+before they were taken. They then confessed that they were escaped
+convicts.
+
+Apart from their adventurous voyage, there is much romance about their
+story. William Bryant, the leader, had been transported for smuggling,
+and his sweetheart, Mary Broad, who was maid to a lady in Salcombe, in
+Devonshire for connivance in her lover's escape from Winchester Gaol. In
+due course they were married in Botany Bay, where Bryant was employed as
+fisherman to the governor, a post that enabled him to plan their
+successful escape. Bryant and both children died on the voyage home,
+together with three others, Morton, Cox and Simms, but the woman survived
+to obtain a full pardon, owing chiefly to the exertions of an officer of
+marines who went home with her in the _Gorgon_, and eventually married
+her.[24-1] Butcher, who was also pardoned, returned to New South Wales
+and became a thriving settler. The remaining four were sent back to
+complete their sentences. Their story has been graphically told by
+Messrs. Louis Becke and Walter Jeffery in "The First Fleet Family."
+
+During the voyage from Coupang to Batavia Edwards narrowly escaped a
+second shipwreck. The _Rembang_ was dismasted on a lee shore in a
+cyclone, and, but for the exertions of the English seamen, would
+assuredly have been stranded, the Dutch sailors, who, says the facetious
+Hamilton, "would fight the devil should he appear to them in any other
+shape but that of thunder and lightning," having taken to their hammocks.
+At Samarang, as already related, Edwards found the tender, which he had
+long given up for lost, and the price she fetched enabled the crew to
+purchase decent clothing. Heywood afterwards asserted that no clothing
+was given to the prisoners but what they could earn by plaiting and
+selling straw hats. They were miserably housed, when on board the
+_Rembang_, and kept in rigid confinement both at Batavia, and on the
+_Vreedemberg_, in which they made the voyage to the Cape.
+
+At Batavia Edwards divided his men among three Dutch vessels homeward
+bound, but at the Cape he removed his own contingent into H.M.S.
+_Gorgon_, and arrived at Spithead on June 18th, 1792. Two days later the
+ten mutineers were transferred to H.M.S. _Hector_, Captain Montague, and
+the convicts were sent to Newgate. The court martial, which did not
+assemble until September 12th, lasted five days, with the result that
+Norman, Coleman, Mackintosh and Byrne were acquitted, and Heywood,
+Morrison, Ellison, Burkitt, Millward and Muspratt were condemned to
+death, the two first being recommended to mercy. On October 24th Heywood
+and Morrison received the King's pardon, and both re-entered the Navy,
+Heywood to retire in 1816, when nearly at the head of the list of
+captains; Morrison to go down in the ill-fated _Blenheim_ in which he was
+serving as gunner. Muspratt also was pardoned, but the three others were
+hanged on board the _Brunswick_ in Portsmouth Harbour on October 29th,
+1792. Thus ended a voyage that, for adventure and discovery, deserves a
+high place in the history of maritime enterprise in the Pacific. Voyages
+take their rank from the scientific attainments and literary ability of
+the men who record them, and the _Pandora_, unlucky in her fate as in her
+ill-omened name, was scarcely less unfortunate in her historian.
+
+B. T.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[10-1] Mr. Louis Becke, "The Mutineers."
+
+[24-1] The _Gorgon_ also carried Lieut. Clark, of the Royal Marines,
+whose journal of the voyage to Botany Bay and Norfolk Island in 1789
+throws a very interesting light upon the early days of the colony.
+Unfortunately the journal says very little of the _Gorgon's_ voyage
+home.
+
+
+
+
+CAPTAIN EDWARDS' REPORTS.
+
+
+"_Pandora_ in Sta Cruz Bay,
+Teneriff,
+25th November, 1790.
+
+[R 28 Dec. and Read.]
+
+SIR,
+
+Be pleased to acquaint My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that I
+sailed again from Jack-in-the-Basket with His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_
+under my command on the 7th day of November, and anchored in Santa Cruz
+by Teneriffe on the 22nd: that nothing particular occured in my passage
+to this place, except that of my falling in with His Majesty's sloop
+_Shark_ on the 17th November in Latitude 32 deg. 33' Longitude 13 deg. 40' W.
+bound to Madeira with despatches for Rear Admiral Cornish, and my
+learning from them that the matters in dispute with Spain were amicably
+settled, of which circumstance I was unacquainted when I left England. I
+am now compleating my water, and have taken on board full 3 months wine
+for my compliment, with some fruit and vegetables, and purpose and
+flatter myself that I shall be able to sail from hence this evening.
+Inclosed I send the state and condition of His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_
+for their Lordships' information, and I have the honour to be,
+
+Sir,
+Your most obedient and ever humble servant,
+EDWARD EDWARDS.
+
+Phillip Stevens, Esq."
+
+
+"_Pandora_ at Rio Janeiro,
+the 6th January, 1791.
+
+[Received 29th June and read.]
+
+SIR,
+
+Be pleased to acquaint My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that I
+sailed from Teneriff with His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_ on the afternoon
+of the 25th November, agreeable to my intentions signified to their
+Lordships by letter from that island, and anchored off the city Rio
+Janeiro on the evening of the 31st of December with a view to compleat my
+water and to get refreshments for the ship's company and from my being
+persuaded that very long runs, particularly with new ships' companies,
+are prejudicial to health, and as my men are of that description, and
+have also suffered in their health from a fever which has prevailed
+amongst them in a greater or less degree ever since they left England,
+were other inducements for my touching at this port. I shall stay here no
+longer than is absolutely necessary to procure these articles, and which
+I expect to be able to accomplish by the seventh of this month, and I
+shall then proceed on my voyage as soon as wind and weather will permit.
+
+Herewith I send the state and condition of His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_,
+and I have the honour to be, Sir,
+
+Your most obedient and humble servant,
+EDW. EDWARDS."
+
+
+"Batavia, the 25th November, 1791.
+29th May, 1792.
+From Amsterdam.
+
+SIR,
+
+In a letter dated the 6th day of January, 1791, which I did myself the
+honour to address to you from Rio Janeiro I gave an account of my
+proceedings up to that time and inclosed the state and condition of His
+Majesty's Ship _Pandora_ under my command, and having compleated the
+water and procured such articles of provision, etc., for the use of the
+Ship's Company as they were in want of and I thought necessary for the
+voyage, I sailed from that port on the 8th January, 1791, run along the
+coast of America, Tierra Del Fuego, Hatin Land, round Cape Horn and
+proceeded directly to Otaheite, and arrived at Matavy Bay in that Island
+on the 23rd March without having touched in any other place in my passage
+thither.
+
+It was my intention to have put into New Year's harbour, or some other
+port in its neighbourhood to complete our water and to refresh my people,
+could I have effected that business within the month of January; but as I
+arrived too late on that coast to fulfil my intentions within the time,
+it determined me to push forward without delay, by which means I
+flattered myself I might avoid that extreme bad weather and all the evil
+consequences that are usually experienced in doubling Cape Horn in a more
+advanced season of the year, and I had the good fortune not to be
+disappointed in my expectation.
+
+After doubling the Cape, and advancing Northward into warmer weather, the
+fever which had prevailed on board gradually declined, and the diseases
+usually succeeding such fevers prevented by a liberal use of the
+antiscorbutics and other nourishing and useful articles with which we
+were so amply supplied, and the ship's company arrived at Otaheite in
+perfect health, except a few whose debilitated constitutions no climate,
+provisions or medicine could much improve.
+
+In our run to Otaheite we discovered 3 islands: the first, which I called
+Ducie's Island, lies in Latitude 24 deg. 40' 30" S. and Longitude 124 deg. 36'
+30" W. from Greenwich. It is between 2 and 3 miles long. The second I
+called Lord Hood's Island. It lies in Latitude 21 deg. 31' S. and Longitude
+135 deg. 32' 30" W., and is about 8 miles long. The third I called
+Carysfort's Island. It lies in Latitude 20 deg. 49' S. and Longitude 138 deg. 33'
+W. and it is 5 miles long. They are all three low lagoon islands covered
+with wood, but we saw no inhabitants on either of them.[30-1] Before we
+anchored at Matavy Bay, Joseph Coleman, Armourer of the _Bounty_, and
+several of the natives came on board, from whom I learned that Christian
+the pirate had landed and left 16 of his men on the Island, some of whom
+were then at Matavy, and some had sailed from there the morning before
+our arrival (in a schooner they had built) for Papara, a distant part of
+the Island, to join other of the pirates that were settled at that place,
+and that Churchill, Master at Arms, had been murdered by Matthew
+Thompson, and that Matthew Thompson was killed by the natives and offered
+as a sacrifice on their altars for the murder of Churchill, whom they had
+made a chief.
+
+George Stewart and Peter Heywood, midshipmen of the _Bounty_, came on
+board the _Pandora_ soon after she came to an anchor, and I had also
+information that Richard Skinner was at Matavy. I desired Poen, an
+inferior chief (who, in the absence of Otoo, was the principal person in
+the district) to bring him on board. The chief went on shore for the
+purpose, and soon after he returned again and informed me that Skinner
+was coming on board. Before night he did come on board, but whether it
+was in consequence of the chief's instructions, or his own accord, I am
+at a loss to say. As soon as the ship was moored the pinnace and launch
+were got ready and sent under the direction of Lt. Corner and Hayward in
+pursuit of the pirates and schooner in hopes of getting hold of them
+before they could get information of our arrival, and Odiddee, a native
+of Bolabola, and who has been with Capt. Cook, etc., went with them as a
+guide.
+
+The boats were discovered by the pirates before they had arrived at the
+place where these people had landed, and they immediately embarked in
+their schooner and put to sea, and she was chased the remainder of the
+day by our boats, but, it blowing fresh, she outsailed them, and the
+boats returned to the ship. Jno. Brown, the person left at Otaheite by
+Mr. Cox of the _Mercury_,[31-1] and from whom their Lordships supposed I
+might get some useful information, had been under the necessity for his
+own safety to associate with the pirates, but he took the opportunity to
+leave them when they were about to embark in the schooner and put to sea.
+He informed me that they had very little water and provisions on board,
+or vessels to hold them in, and, of course, could not keep at sea long. I
+entered Brown on the ship's books as part of the compliment and found him
+very intelligent and useful in the different capacities of guide, soldier
+and seaman. I employed different people to look out for and to give
+information on their landing either on this or the neighbouring islands.
+
+On the 26th, in the evening, sent the pinnace to Edee by desire of the
+old Otoo, or king, to bring him on board the _Pandora_. Early on the
+morning of the 27th, I had information that the pirates were returning
+with the schooner to Papara and that they were landed and retired to the
+mountains, to endeavour to conceal and defend themselves. Immediately
+sent Lt. Corner with 26 men in the launch to Papara to pursue them. At
+night the Otoo, his two queens and suite came on board the pinnace and
+slept on board the _Pandora_, which they afterwards frequently did.
+
+The next morning Lt. Hayward was sent with a party in the pinnace to join
+the party in the launch at Papara. I found the Otoo ready to furnish me
+with guides and to give me any other assistance in his power, but he had
+very little authority or influence in that part of the island where the
+pirates had taken refuge, and even his right to the sovereignty of the
+eastern part of the island had been recently disputed by Tamarie, one of
+the royal family. Under these circumstances I conceived the taking of the
+Otoo and the other chiefs attached to his interest into custody would
+alarm the faithful part of his subjects and operate to our disadvantage.
+I therefore satisfied myself with the assistance he offered and had in
+his power to give me, and I found means at different times to send
+presents to Tamarie (and invited him to come on board, which he promised
+to do, but never fulfilled his promise), and convinced him I had it in my
+power to lay his country in waste, which I imagined would be sufficient
+at least to make him withhold that support he hitherto, through policy,
+had occasionally given to the pirates in order to draw them to his
+interest and to strengthen his own party against the Otoo.
+
+I probably might have had it in my power to have taken and secured the
+person of Tamarie, but I was apprehensive that such an attempt might
+irritate the natives attached to his interest, and induce them to act
+hostilely against our party at a time the ship was at too great a
+distance to afford them timely and necessary assistance in case of such
+an event, and I adopted the milder method for that reason, and from a
+persuasion that our business could be brought to a conclusion at less
+risk and in less time by that means. The yawl was sent to Papara with
+spare hands to bring back the launch which was wanted to water the ship,
+and on the 29th the launch returned to the ship with James
+Morrison,[33-1] Charles Norman, and Thomas Ellison, belonging to the
+_Bounty_, and who had been made prisoners at Papara on the 7th April. The
+companies returned with the detachment from Papara, and brought with them
+the pirate schooner which they had taken there. The natives had deserted
+the place, and I had information that the six remaining pirates had fled
+to the mountains.
+
+On the 5th I sent Lt. Hayward with 25 men in the schooner and yawl to
+Papara, the old Otoo and several of the youths, &c., went with him. On
+the 7th, in the morning, Lt. Corner was landed with 16 men at Point Venus
+in order to march round the back of the mountains, in which the pirates
+had retreated, to cooperate with the party sent to Papara. Orissia, the
+Otoo's brother, and a party of natives went with him as guides and to
+carry the provisions, &c.
+
+On the 9th Lt. Hayward returned with the schooner and yawl and brought
+with him Henry Hillbrant, Thomas M'Intosh, Thomas Burkitt, Jno.
+Millward, Jno. Sumner and William Muspratt, the six remaining pirates
+belonging to the _Bounty_. They had quitted the mountains and had got
+down near the seashore when they were discovered by our party on the
+opposite side of a river. They submitted, on being summoned to lay down
+their arms. Lt. Corner with his party marched across the mountains to
+Papara, and a boat was sent for them there, and they returned on board
+again on the 13th in the afternoon. I put the pirates in the round house
+which I built at the after part of the Quarter deck for their more
+effectual security, airy and healthy situation, and to separate them
+from, and to prevent their having any communication with, or to crowd and
+incommode the ship's company.
+
+Contrary to my expectations, the water we got at the usual place at Point
+Venus turned out very bad, and on touching for better, most excellent
+water was found issuing out of a rock in a little bay to the southward of
+One Tree Hill. I mention this circumstance because it may be of
+importance to be known to other ships that may hereafter touch at that
+island.
+
+The natives had in their possession a bower anchor belonging to the
+_Bounty_, which that ship had left in the bay, and I took it on board the
+_Pandora_, and made them a handsome present by way of salvage and as a
+reward for their ingenuity in weighing it with materials so ill
+calculated for the purpose. I learned from different people and from
+journals kept on board the _Bounty_, which were found in the chests of
+the pirates at Otaheite, that after Lt. Bligh and the people with him
+were turned adrift in the launch, the pirates proceeded with the ship to
+the Island of Toobouai in Latitude 20 deg. 13' S. and Longitude 149 deg. 35' W.,
+where they anchored on the 25th May, 1789. Before their arrival there
+they threw the greatest part of the bread fruit plants overboard, and the
+property of the officers and people that were turned out of the ship was
+divided amongst those who remained on board her, and the royals and some
+other small sails were cut up and disposed of in the same manner.
+
+Notwithstanding they met with some opposition from the natives, they
+intended to settle on this island, but after some time they perceived
+that they were in want of several things necessary for a settlement and
+which was the cause of disagreements and quarrels amongst themselves. At
+last they came to a resolution to come to Otaheite to get such of the
+things wanted as could be procured there, and in consequence of that
+resolution they sailed from Toobouai at the latter end of the month and
+arrived at Otaheite on the 6th of June. The Otoo and other natives were
+very inquisitive and desirous to know what was become of Lt. Bligh and
+the other absentees and the bread fruit plants, &c. They deceived them by
+saying that they had fallen in with Captain Cook at an island he had
+lately discovered called "Why-Too-Tackee" [Aitutaki], and where he
+intended to settle, and that the plants were landed and planted there,
+and that Lt. Bligh and the other absentees were detained to assist
+Captain Cook in the business he had in hand, and that he had appointed
+Christian captain of the _Bounty_ and ordered him to Otaheite for an
+additional supply of hogs, goats, fowls, bread fruit plants, &c.
+
+These humane islanders were imposed upon by this artful story, and they
+were so rejoiced to hear that their old friend Captain Cook was alive and
+was near them that they used every means in their power to procure the
+things that were wanted, so that in the course of a few days the _Bounty_
+took on board 312 hogs, 38 goats, eight dozen fowls, a bull and a cow,
+and a quantity of bread fruit plants, &c. They also took with them a
+woman, eight men and seven boys. With these supplies they sailed from
+Otaheite on the 19th June and arrived again at Toobouai on the 26th. They
+landed the live stock on the quays that were near the harbour, lightened
+the ship and warped her up the harbour into two fathoms water opposite to
+the place where they intended to build the fort. On this occasion their
+spare masts, yards and booms were got out and moored, but they afterwards
+broke adrift and were lost.[36-1]
+
+On the 19th July they began to build the fort. Its dimensions were 50
+yards square. These villains had frequent quarrels amongst themselves
+which at last were carried to such a length that no order was observed
+amongst them, and by the 30th August the work at the fort was
+discontinued. They had also almost continual disputes and skirmishes with
+the natives, which were generally brought on by their own violence and
+depredations. Christian, perceiving that he had lost his authority, and
+that nothing more could be done, desired them to consult together and
+consider what step would be the most advisable to take, and said that he
+would put into execution the opinion that was supported by the most
+votes. After long consultation it was at last determined that the scheme
+of staying at Toobouai should be given up, and that the ship should be
+taken to Otaheite, where those who chose to go on shore should be at
+liberty to do so, and those who remained on the ship might take her away
+to whatever place they should think fit.
+
+In consequence of this final determination preparations were made for the
+purpose and they sailed from Toobouai on the 15th and arrived at Matavy
+Bay, Otaheite, on the 20th September 1789. The bull which they took from
+Otaheite died on its passage to Toobouai, and they killed the cow before
+they left that island, yet, notwithstanding this and the depredations
+they committed there, the natives still derived considerable advantage
+from their visits, as several hogs, goats, fowls and other things of
+their introduction were left behind. These sixteen men mentioned before
+were landed at Otaheite, viz.:--
+
+    Joseph Coleman [Armourer].[37-3]
+    Peter Heywood [Midshipman].[37-2]
+    George Stewart [Midshipman].[37-4]
+    Richard Skinner [A.B.].[37-4]
+    Michael Burn [A.B. Fiddler].[37-3]
+    James Morrison [Boatswain's Mate].[37-2]
+    Charles Norman [Carpenter's Mate].[37-3]
+    Thomas Ellison [A.B.].[37-1]
+    Henry Hillbrant [A.B.].[37-4]
+    John Sumner [A.B.].[37-4]
+    Thomas M'Intosh [Carpenter's Crew].[37-3]
+    William Muspratt [A.B.].[37-1]
+    Thomas Burkitt [A.B.].[37-1]
+    John Millward [A.B.].[37-1]
+
+These fourteen were made prisoners by my people and Charles Churchill and
+Matthew Thompson were murdered on that island. Previous to these people
+being put on shore the small arms, powder, canvas and the small stores
+belonging to the ship were equally divided amongst the whole crew. After
+building the schooner six of these people actually sailed in her for the
+East Indies, but meeting with bad weather and suspecting the abilities of
+Morrison, whom they had chosen to be their captain to navigate her there,
+they returned again to Otaheite on the night between the 21st and 22nd of
+September 1789 and were seen in the morning to the N.W. of Point
+Venus.[37-5]
+
+Fletcher Christian, Edward Young, Matthew Quintall, William M'Koy,
+Alexander Smith, John Williams, Isaac Martin, William Brown and John
+Mills went away in the ship and they also took with them several natives
+of these islands, both men and women, but I could not exactly learn their
+numbers, only that they had on board a few more women than white men, a
+deficiency of whom had formerly been one of their grievances and the
+principal cause of their quarrels. Christian had been frequently heard to
+declare that he would search for an unknown or uninhabited island in
+which there was no harbour for shipping, would run the ship ashore and
+get from her such things as would be useful to him and settle there, but
+this information was too vague to be followed in an immense ocean strewed
+with an almost innumerable number of known and unknown islands; therefore
+after the ship was caulked, which I found was necessary to be done, the
+rigging overhauled and in other respects refitted her for sea, and fitted
+the pirates' schooner as a tender, and put on board two petty
+officers[38-1] and seven men to navigate her, conceiving she would be of
+considerable use in covering the boats in my future search for the
+_Bounty_, as well as for reconnoitring the passage through the reef
+leading to Endeavour Straits; I sailed from Otaheite on the 8th of May
+with a view to put the remainder of my orders into execution.
+
+Oediddee was desirous to go in the _Pandora_ to Ulietia and to Bolabola,
+and as I thought he would be useful as a guide for the boats I took him
+with me and steered for Huahaine which we saw the next morning. The
+tender and the boats were employed the 9th and part of the 10th in
+examining the harbours, and Oediddee went with them as pilot. Several
+chiefs came on board and brought with them hogs and other articles, the
+produce of the island, and a servant of Omai also came on board, and said
+that he was not then much the better for his master's riches, however his
+former connections was the cause of his visit to the ship being made very
+profitable to him, and all the chiefs and their attendances received
+presents from me. Two of the chiefs of this island were desirous to go in
+the ship to Ulietia and I had given them leave to, but when the ship was
+about to make sail they suddenly changed their minds and went on shore
+and took Oediddee with them. Oediddee promised to follow us there the
+next day, but we did not see him again.
+
+I proceeded to Ulietea Otaka and Bolabola, and the tender and boats were
+employed in examining the bays and harbours of these islands, but we got
+no intelligence of the _Bounty_ or her people. Tahatoo, who called
+himself king of Bolabola, informed me that he had been a few days before
+at Tubai, which is a small, low island situated on the Northward of
+Bolabola and under its jurisdiction, and that there were no white men
+upon that island, nor upon Maurua, another island in sight of it and to
+the westward of Bolabola. He also mentioned another island which I
+thought he called Mojeshah, but we know no such island unless it be
+Howe's Island, and that seems to be situated too far to the South and to
+the West for the island he attempted to describe and point out to us. The
+chiefs and several other people came on board from these islands and
+brought with them the usual produce, and they were at all the isles very
+pressing to prevail upon us to make a longer stay with them, but as I had
+no object particularly in view and my people in good health, I did not
+think it proper unnecessarily to waste my time for the sake of procuring
+a few articles that were in greater abundance in these islands than at
+Otaheite. I made presents to all those chiefs as it was my custom to do
+to everyone that had the least pretension to pre-eminence, and to all the
+people who came on board in the first boat.
+
+After leaving Bolabola I steered for Maurua and passed it at a small
+distance. Howe's Island was not seen by us as it is a low island and we
+passed to the Southward of it. I then shaped my course to get into the
+latitude of and to fall in to the Eastward of Why-to-tackee [Aitutaki].
+
+On the 14th, Henry Hillbrant, one of the pirates, gave information that
+Christian had declared to him the evening before he left Otaheite that he
+intended to go with the _Bounty_ to an uninhabited island discovered by
+Mr. Byron, situated to the Westward of the Isles of Danger, which, from
+description of the situation, I found to be the island called by Mr.
+Byron "The Duke of York's Island,"[40-1] and if they could land, would
+settle there and run the ship upon the reef and destroy her, and if they
+could not land, or if on examination found it would not answer their
+purpose, he would look out for some other uninhabited island. However, I
+continued my course for Why-to-tackee, being now determined to examine
+the island in preference to following any intelligence, however
+plausible, and on the morning of the 19th saw the Island of Why-to-tackee
+[Aitutaki],[40-2] and sent the tender in shore to ground and look out for
+a harbour.
+
+At noon sent Lt. Hayward in the yawl to look into a place on the N.W.
+part of the island that had the appearance of a harbour and to get
+intelligence of the natives. In the evening he returned. The place was so
+far from being fit for the reception of the ship that he could scarcely
+find a passage through the reef for the boat; he conversed with seven or
+eight different sets of people, whom he met with in canoes, and they all
+agreed that the _Bounty_ was not, nor had not been there since Lt. Bligh
+left the island, nor did any of them known anything of her. Lt. Hayward
+recollected one of the natives, whom he remembered to have seen on board
+the _Bounty_ when he discovered the island, and he saw another savage
+belonging to a neighbouring island who knew Captain Cook and inquired
+after him, Omai and Oediddee, whom he said he had seen.
+
+These people at first approached the boat with caution, and could not be
+prevailed upon to come on board the ship. As I was convinced that the
+_Bounty_ was not on this island, and as Hervey's, Mangea and Wattea
+Islands to the S.E. of Why-to-tackee were inhabited, I did not think it
+probable that Christian, in the weak state the ship was in, would attempt
+to settle upon either of them, and as there was some plausibility in the
+information given me by Hillbrant the prisoner, and as the Duke of York's
+Island seemed to answer the description of such an island as Christian
+had been heard by others to declare he would search for to settle on, it
+being by Mr. Byron's account uninhabited, and with a harbour; and as the
+fact that it was out of the known track of ships in these seas since our
+acquaintance with the Society Islands, made it still more eligible for
+his purpose; from these united circumstances I thought it was probable he
+might make choice of the Duke of York's Island for his intended
+settlement. I therefore determined to proceed to that island, taking
+Palmerston's island in my way thither, as it also answered in all
+respects, except situation, to the description of the other; and at night
+I bore away and made sail for Palmerston's Island, and made that on the
+21st in the afternoon.[42-1]
+
+On the 22nd in the morning sent the schooner tender and cutter in shore
+to look for the harbours or anchorage, and soon after Lt. Corner was sent
+in the yawl for the same purpose and to look out for the _Bounty_ and her
+people. At noon, perceiving the schooner and cutter had got round the
+Northernmost island, I stood round the S.E. island with the ship in
+order to join the yawl that was at a grapnel off that island, and sent
+the other yawl to join Lt. Corner. At 4 the two yawls returned with a
+quantity of cocoanuts and Lt. Corner also returned on board. Soon after,
+Lt. Hayward was sent on shore in the yawl to examine the S.W. island.
+After dark we burnt several false fires as signals to the boat, but the
+weather being thick and squally she did not return till the morning of
+the 23rd, but the tender joined us that night and informed me that she
+had found a yard on the island marked "Bounty's Driver Yard" and other
+circumstances that indicated that the _Bounty_ was, or had been there.
+The tender was immediately sent on shore after the yawl.
+
+On the 23rd provisions, ammunition, &c., was sent on board the
+tender,[43-1] and Lt. Corner with a party of men were sent with the yawl
+and tender to land on the Northernmost island. At 4 in the afternoon,
+perceiving that the schooner tender had anchored under that island the
+yawl landing the party on the reef leading to it, Lt. Corner had orders
+to examine that and the Easternmost island very minutely to see if any
+other traces besides the yard could be made out of the _Bounty_ or her
+people.
+
+On the 24th in the morning sent the cutter on board the tender for
+intelligence, but she did not return till nearly 2 o'clock in the
+afternoon, when she brought with her seven men of Lt. Corner's party. She
+was sent on board the tender again with orders for the remainder of the
+party that was returned from the search to be brought on board the
+_Pandora_ in the yawl, and for the cutter to remain on board the tender
+to embark Lt. Corner when he returned, the midshipman having represented
+that she answered the purpose of landing and embarking better than the
+larger boat from the particular circumstances of the landing place; and I
+stood over for the S.W. island to take on board the other yawl which had
+been sent to ground near the reef of that island and to procure from it
+some cocoanuts, &c.
+
+At 5 the yawl came on board, and I then stood towards the schooner in
+order to take the other yawl on board, but the weather became squally
+with rain and I stood out to sea. During the night the weather was
+rougher than usual, with an ugly sea and I did not get close in with them
+again till the 28th at noon, soon after which the yawl came on board from
+the schooner and informed us to my great astonishment and concern that
+the cutter had not been on board her since she left the ship.[44-1] The
+tender was ordered to run down by the side of the reef and if the cutter
+was not seen there to run out to sea six leagues and to steer about
+W.N.W.-W., it being the opposite point to that on which the wind blew
+from the preceding night, and I waited with the ship to take on board Lt.
+Corner who was not then returned from the search. He soon after appeared
+and was taken on board.
+
+In his search he found a double canoe curiously painted, and different in
+make from those we had seen on the islands we had visited. A piece of
+wood burnt half through was also found. The yard and these things lay
+upon the beach at high water mark and were all eaten by the sea worm,
+which is a strong presumption they were drifted there by the waves. The
+driver yard was probably drove from Toobouai where the _Bounty_ lost the
+greater part of her spars, and as no recent traces could be found on the
+island of a human being or any part of the wreck of a ship I gave up all
+further search and hopes of finding the _Bounty_ or her people there. I
+then stood out to sea and the ship and the tender cruized about in search
+of the cutter until the 29th in the morning, when seeing nothing of her,
+I being at that time well in with the land, sent on shore once more to
+examine the reef and beach of the northernmost island, but with no better
+success than before, as neither the cutter or any article belonging to
+her could be found there.
+
+I then steered for the Duke of York's island which we got sight of at
+noon on the 6th June, and in the afternoon the tender and two yawls were
+sent on shore to examine the coast. On the 7th in the morning Lt. Corner
+and Hayward were sent on shore with a party of men attended by the
+schooner and two yawls. We soon after saw some huts upon the island and
+so made a signal to the boats to warn them of danger, and for them to be
+upon their guard against surprise. They landed and got canoes to the
+within side of the lagoon in which they made a circuit of it. A few
+houses were found in examining the hills on the opposite side of the
+lagoon, and also a ship's large wooden buoy, which appeared to be of
+foreign make, and had evident marks of its having been long in the water.
+
+As Mr. Byron describes the Duke of York's island to be without
+inhabitants, the sight of the houses and ship's buoy, before they were
+minutely examined wrot so strongly on the minds of the people that they
+saw many things in imagination that did not exist, but all tended to
+persuade them that the _Bounty's_ people were really upon the island
+agreeable to the intelligence given by Hillbrant, but after a most minute
+and repeated search, no human being of any description could be found
+upon the island. There were a number of canoes, spare paddles, fishing
+gear, and a variety of other things found in the houses which seemed to
+prove that it was an occasional residence and fishery of the natives of
+some neighbouring islands.[46-1]
+
+There is so great a difference in the situation of this island as laid
+down in the charts of Hawkesworth's collection of voyages and also some
+others from that of Captain Cook that there may be some doubt about its
+real situation. I followed that of Captain Cook, yet the situation of
+this island by our account did not exactly agree with him. He lays it
+down in Latitude 8 deg. 41' S. and Longitude 173 deg. 3' W., and the centre of
+the island by our account lies Latitude 8 deg. 34' S. and Longitude by
+observation 172 deg. 6', and by timekeeper 172 deg. 39' W. By our estimation this
+island is not so large as it is by Mr. Byron's. In other respects, except
+the houses, it answers his description very well. I should have stood off
+to the westward to have seen if there were any other islands in that
+direction, but I was apprehensive by so doing that I might have much
+difficulty in fetching the island I had then to visit, and as the wind
+was favourable to stand to the Southward when I left the island, I
+therefore satisfied myself in passing to the westward of it and
+stretching to the northward so far as to know there was no island within
+thirty miles of it on that point of the compass, and also to pass to the
+windward of the island when I put about and stood to the northward.
+
+In standing to the Northward I discovered an island on the 12th
+June.[46-2] We soon perceived that it was a lagoon island, formed by a
+great many small islands connected together by a reef of rocks, forming a
+circle round the lagoon in its centre. It is low, but well wooded,
+amongst which the cocoanut tree is conspicuous both for its height and
+peculiar form. As we approached the land we saw several natives on the
+beach. Lt. Hayward was sent with the tender and yawl in shore to
+reconnoitre and to endeavour to converse with the natives, and if
+possible to bring about a friendly intercourse with them. They made signs
+of friendship and beckoned him to come on shore, yet, whenever he drew
+near with the boat, they always retired, and he could not prevail on them
+to come to her; and the surf was thought too great to venture to land, at
+least before the friendship of the natives was better confirmed.
+
+We soon afterwards saw several sailing canoes with stages in their
+middle, sailing across the lagoon for the opposite islands, but whether
+it was a flight, or that they were only going a-fishing, or on some other
+business, we were at that time at a loss to know. Lt. Corner was sent to
+look for a better landing place, and, thinking that there was the
+appearance of an opening into the lagoon round the N.W. island, I stood
+that way with the ship to take a view of it but found that it was also
+barred in that part by a reef. Better landing places were found, but they
+were to leeward and at a considerable distance from the place that seemed
+to be the principal residence of the natives.
+
+The next morning Lt. Corner and Hayward landed with a strong party near
+the houses, which they found deserted by the natives, and they had taken
+with them all the canoes except one. It appeared exactly to resemble
+those we had seen at the Duke of York's island. The houses, fishing gear
+and utensils were also similar to those seen there, which made me suppose
+that these were the people who occasionally visited that island, but this
+had the appearance of being the principal residence as Morais, or burying
+places, were found at this, but none at the former.
+
+I was very desirous to get into communication with these people, as I
+thought we might possibly get some useful information relative to the
+buoy we had seen at the Duke of York's island, or about the _Bounty_ had
+she touched at either of these islands, or at any others in their
+neighbourhood. With that view I left in and about the houses hatchets,
+knives, glasses and a variety of things that I thought would be useful or
+pleasing to them, and also to show them that we were disposed to be
+friendly to them, and by that means I hoped they would become less shy,
+and that our intercourse with them would be brought about; and I stood
+round the northernmost island to visit other parts of the island, and on
+the 14th in the morning Lt. Corner was sent on shore with the tender,
+yawl and canoe, and he landed to the eastward of the northernmost island
+and marched round to the northeast extremity of the islands: he perceived
+marks of bare feet of the natives in different parts, but more
+particularly about the cocoanut trees, most of which were stripped of
+their fruit, but not a single person or canoe could be found. He embarked
+again at that part of the isles with great difficulty by the assistance
+of cork jackets and rope and the canoe. I supposed that the natives had
+left the island and I bore away to join the tender that had been sent to
+search for a channel into the lagoon near the northernmost isle; and
+after joining her I went once more towards the place we had first
+examined, and seeing no natives or any signs of them there I gave up the
+search.
+
+On the 15th stood to the southward for Navigators' islands. I called the
+island the Duke of Clarence's Island. It lies in Latitude 9 deg. 9' 30" and
+Longitude 171 deg. 30' 46".[48-1] From the abundance of cocoanut trees both
+on this and the Duke of York's island, in the trunks of which holes were
+cut transversely to catch and preserve water, and as no other water was
+seen by us we supposed it was the only means they had of procuring that
+useful and necessary article. On the 18th in the forenoon we saw a very
+high island and as I supposed it to be a new discovery I called it
+Chatham island,[49-1] and standing in for it, I perceived a Bay towards
+the N.E. end and I made a tack to endeavour to look into it. Perceiving
+that I could not accomplish my intentions before night I bore away and
+ran along the shore and sent the tender to reconnoitre, and found,
+opposite to a sandy beach where there was an Indian town, she got 25
+fathoms about a quarter of a mile from the reef, which runs off the place
+and carries soundings of sand regularly in to 5 fathoms.
+
+In the morning a boat was sent to ground in an opening in the reef before
+the town, in which 3 fathoms of water was found, and 21/2 fathoms within
+it. This harbour is situated on the North side near the middle, but
+rather nearest to the West end.[49-2] We were told that there was a river
+there, and another or two between it and the South end. We then ran round
+the West to the S.W. end of the island and in the bay there 25 fathoms of
+water was found, the bottom rather foul and bad landing for a ship's
+boat. The natives said there was another, but the boat being called on
+board by signal she did not dare to examine into the truth of their
+report. We found here a native of the Friendly Islands, who called
+himself Fenow, and a relation of the chief of that name of
+Tongataboo.[49-3] Fenow said he had seen Captain Cook and English ships
+at the Friendly Islands, and that the natives of this island had never
+seen a ship before they saw the _Pandora_. The island is more than 30
+miles long. A high mountain [4000 feet] extends almost from one extremity
+to the other, which tapers down gradually at the ends and sides to the
+sea where it generally terminates in perpendicular cliffs of moderate
+height, except in a few places where there is a white beach of coral
+sand. The natives called the island Otewhy;[50-1] latitude of
+Northernmost point 13 deg. 27' 48" S. Longitude 172 deg. 32' 13" W. South Point
+Latitude 13 deg. 46' 18" S., Longitude 172 deg. 18' 20" W., and East point in
+Latitude 13 deg. 32' 20" S. and Longitude 172 deg. 2' W.
+
+On the 21st we saw another island[50-2] about 4 leagues to the Eastward
+of this, and there are two small islands between them, a small one in the
+middle and four off its East end, three of which are of considerable
+height. There is a greater variety of mountains and valleys in this than
+in Chatham's and it is exceedingly well wooded, and the trees of enormous
+size grow upon the very summits of the mountains with spreading heads
+resembling the oak. The same sort of trees were also seen in the same
+situation at Chatham, but not in so great abundance. This island is near
+forty miles long and of considerable breadth. The natives called it
+Oattooah.[50-3] Their canoes (although not so well finished), language
+and some of their customs much resemble those of the Friendly Islands,
+but they have some peculiar to themselves--that of dyeing their skins
+yellow and which is a mark of distinction amongst them is one of
+them.[50-4] The Latitude of the West point is 13 deg. 52' 25" S. and
+Longitude 171 deg. 49' 13" W. and the S.E. part in Latitude 14 deg. 3' 30" S.
+and Longitude 171 deg. 12' 50" W. As this island by our account was
+considerably to the Westward of the Navigators' islands, we at first
+supposed it to be a new discovery, but in visiting the other of the
+Navigators' islands discovered by Mons. Bougainville and running down
+again upon this we had reason to suppose that the S.E. end of Oattooah
+had been seen by him at a distance, and that it was the last island of
+the group that he saw.[51-1]
+
+Between five and six o'clock of the evening of the 22nd June lost sight
+of our tender in a thick shower of rain. Some thought that they saw her
+light again at eight o'clock, but in the morning she was not to be seen.
+We cruised about for her in sight of the island on the 23rd and 24th and
+as I could not find the tender near the place where she was first lost, I
+thought it better to make the best of my way to Annamooka, the place
+appointed as a last rendezvous and to endeavour to get there before her,
+lest her small force should be a temptation to the natives to attack her,
+and accordingly we stood to the Southward.[51-2] When we were to the
+Eastward of Oattooah we saw another island bearing from us about E.S.E.
+eight leagues. We afterwards knew that this was one of the Navigators'
+islands seen by Mons. Bougainville. On the morning of the 28th we saw the
+Happy [Haapai] islands, and before noon a group of islands to the
+Eastward of Annamooka. We passed round to the Southward of these islands
+and ran down between little Annamooka and the Fallafagee isles and on the
+29th anchored in Annamooka Road.
+
+Whilst we were watering the ship, &c. I sent Lt. Hayward to the Happy
+[Haapai] Islands in a double canoe, which I hired of Tooboo a chief of
+these islands for the purpose of examining them and to make inquiries
+after the _Bounty_ and the tender, but no intelligence could be got of
+either of these vessels at these two islands, nor at either of the Happy
+islands, and having completed our water and got a plentiful supply of
+yams and a few hogs, we sailed from thence on the 10th July. The natives
+were very daring in their thefts, but some of the articles stolen were
+recovered again by the chiefs, yet many of them were entirely lost, and
+as I did not think it proper to carry things to extremities on that
+occasion for fear that too much rigour might operate to the disadvantage
+of the tender should she arrive at the island in our absence, which I
+told them I expected she would do, and that I intended to return with the
+ship in about 20 days, and I left a letter of instructions for the tender
+with Moukahkahlah, a resident chief, which he promised to deliver. He is
+not the superior chief, but we found him most useful to us and I thought
+him the most worthy of trust.
+
+Whilst we were at Annamooka, Fattahfahe [Fatafehi][52-1] the chief of all
+the islands, and who generally resides at Tongataboo or Amsterdam
+Island, came to visit us, as did also a great number of the chiefs from
+the adjacent islands and to all of whom I gave presents and also to such
+of their friends and attendances that were introduced for the purpose of
+receiving favours. A person called Toobou was the principal person in
+authority at Annamooka when we arrived there. I learned that he belonged
+to Tongataboo, and had little property on the island he governed, and I
+supposed that he was a deputy or minister of Fattahfahe who is generally
+acknowledged to be the superior chief of all the islands known under the
+names of the Friendly, Happy, and also of many other islands unknown to
+us. Fattahfahe and Toobou were on board the _Pandora_ when she got under
+way, attended by two large double sailing canoes, the largest of which
+had upwards of 40 persons on board. I suppose that they came on board to
+take leave and in expectation of getting some additional farewell
+presents, in which they were not disappointed.
+
+I knew that Fattahfahe was shortly going to make a tour of the Happy
+Islands, and as I perceived that he was exceedingly well pleased with
+what I had given him, and with his situation and accommodation on board
+the ship, I invited him to come with us to Toofoa [Tofoa] and Kaho [Kao],
+two islands I was then steering for and that I intended to visit, as I
+thought he would be useful by procuring us a favourable landing at
+Toofoa, the island whose inhabitants had behaved so treacherously to Lt.
+Bligh when he put in there for refreshments in the _Bounty's_ launch.
+Before the sun set we got within a small distance of the island, but it
+was too late for our boats to go on shore, and the canoes were sent to
+the islands to announce the arrival of these great chiefs; their coming
+in the ship I made no doubt would increase their consequence, and
+probably also the tribute they might think proper to impose on their
+subjects.
+
+The next morning Lt. Corner, attended by the two chiefs, was sent on
+shore at Toofoa to search and to make the necessary inquiries after the
+_Bounty_ and our tender, &c. and then to cross the channel which is about
+three or four miles over, and to do the same at Kaho, and when I saw the
+boat put off from Toofoa and stand over for the other island I bore away
+with the ship and ran through the channel between the two islands. At
+four in the afternoon Lt. Corner, Fattahfahe and Toobou, returned on
+board without success in their search and inquiries. The two chiefs were
+put on board their canoes, and they made sail for the Happy
+Islands.[54-1]
+
+I now intended to have visited Tongataboo and the other of the Friendly
+Islands, but, as the wind was Southerly and unfavourable for the purpose,
+I took the resolution once more to visit Oattooah, and also the
+Navigators' Islands in search of the _Bounty_ and our tender and to
+endeavour to fall in to the eastward of those islands. On the morning of
+the 12th we discovered a cluster of islands bearing from us W. by S. to
+N.W. by N., but as the wind was favourable for us to proceed I did not
+think it proper to lose time in examining them now, but intended to do it
+on my return to the Friendly Islands.[55-1]
+
+On the 14th, in the forenoon, we saw three islands, which we supposed to
+be the three first islands seen by Mons. Bougainville and part of the
+cluster called by him "Navigators' Islands," the largest of these islands
+the natives called Toomahnuah.[55-2] We passed them at a convenient
+distance and several canoes came towards the ship, and it was with great
+difficulty that we prevailed on them to come alongside, and still greater
+difficulty to get them into the ship. They brought very few things in
+their canoes except cocoanuts, which I bought, and then gave them a few
+things as presents before they left the ship, and after making the
+necessary inquiries as far as our limited knowledge of the language would
+permit us, I proceeded to the Westward and before daylight on the morning
+of the 15th we saw another island. We ran down on the North side of it
+and brought to occasionally to find and take on board canoes.
+
+We found the same shyness amongst the natives here as at the last
+islands, but a few presents being given to them they at last ventured on
+board. The island is called by them Otootooillah.[55-3] It is at least 5
+leagues long; we supposed it to be another of the islands seen by Mons.
+Bougainville. We got soundings in 53 fathoms water, and the depth
+decreased as we stood in shore, and there is probable anchorage on this
+side of the island sheltered from the prevailing winds, but we did not
+see the reef mentioned by Mons. Bougainville to run two leagues from the
+West end.
+
+After making inquiries after the _Bounty_ and tender and making presents
+to our visitors, we steered to the Westward, inclining to the North and
+before night saw Oattooa, bearing W.N.W. The South East end of this
+island was also probably seen by Mons. Bougainville, but by his
+description he could only have had a distant and a very imperfect view of
+the island. On the 16th we ran down on the South side of it, almost to
+the West end, and had frequent communication with the natives, but could
+get no information relative either to the _Bounty_ or our tender. We saw
+a few of the natives with blue, mulberry and other coloured beads about
+their necks, and we understood that they got them from Cook at
+Tongataboo, one of the Friendly Islands. Having finished my business
+here, I stood to the Southward with the intention of visiting the group
+of islands we had discovered on our way hither, and we got sight of them
+again in the afternoon of the 18th.[56-1]
+
+On the 19th, in the morning we ran down on the North side until we came
+to an opening through which we could see the sea on the opposite side,
+and a kind of sound is formed by some islands to the North East and some
+islands of considerable size to the South West, and in the intermediate
+space there are several small islands and rocks. On the larboard hand of
+the North entrance there is a shoal, on which the sea appears to break
+although there is from ten to twelve fathoms of water upon it. In the
+other part of the entrance there is forty fathoms of water or more. Our
+boat had only time to examine the entrance and the larboard side of the
+sound, in which there are interior bays where about 30 fathoms of water
+is to be found within a cables length of the shore. The branches of the
+sound on the starboard side, and which are yet unexamined, appear to
+promise better anchorage than was found on the opposite shore, and should
+it turn out so, it will be by far the safest and best anchorage hitherto
+known amongst the Friendly Islands.[57-1]
+
+The natives told us there was good water at several places within the
+sound, and there is plenty of wood. Several of the inferior chiefs were
+on board us, amongst whom were one of Fattahfahe's and one of Toobou's
+family, but the principal chief of the island was not on board, but we
+supposed he was coming at the time we made sail.[57-2] They brought on
+board yams, cocoanuts, some bread fruit, and a few hogs and fowls, and
+would have supplied us with more hogs had it been convenient for us to
+have made a longer stay with them, and which they entreated us much to
+do. We found them very fair in their dealings, very inoffensive and
+better behaved than any savages we had yet seen.
+
+They have frequent communication with Annamooka and the other Friendly
+Islands, and their customs and language appear to be nearly the same. I
+called the whole group Howe's Islands. The islands on the larboard side
+of the North entrance I distinguished by the names of Barrington[58-1]
+and Sawyer, two to the starboard side with the names of Hotham[58-2] and
+Jarvis.[58-3] A high island a considerable way to the North West I called
+Gardener's island,[58-4] and another high island to the South West was
+called Bickerton's island.[58-5] There is a small high isle about four
+miles to the S.W. of this, and a small low island about five or six miles
+to the S.E. by E. of Gardener's island,[58-6] and several islands to the
+S.E. of the islands forming the sound and too several small islands
+within it to which no names were given.
+
+On the 20th at two in the morning, we passed within two miles of the
+small island that lies to the S.E. from Gardener's island, and soon after
+saw Gardener's island, on the N.W. side of which there appeared to be
+tolerable good landing on shingle beach, and a little to the right of
+this place, at the upper edge of the cliffs is a volcano, from which we
+observed the smoke issuing. There are recent marks of convulsion having
+happened in the island. Some parts of it appear to have fallen in, and
+other parts to be turned upside down. This part of the island is the most
+barren land we have seen in the country.[58-7] At nine o'clock thought
+we saw a large island bearing N. by W. and I made sail towards it, and as
+the weather was hazy we did not discover our mistake till near noon, when
+I hauled the wind to the Southward. On the 23rd saw an island from the
+masthead which I suppose was one of the Pylstaart islands.[59-1] On the
+26th in the morning saw the island of Middleburgh and on the 27th ran in
+between Middleburgh, Eooa and Tongataboo.
+
+Several canoes came on board us from the different islands. We were then
+within half a mile of the last, and equally near to the shoals of the
+second, but not so near to Middleburgh, yet we were near enough to see
+into English Road. At these islands we could neither see nor get any
+satisfactory information relative to the objects of our search. The
+natives brought in their canoes, yams, cocoanuts and a few small hogs,
+and I made no doubt that I should have been able to procure plenty of
+these articles had it been convenient for me to have stayed at these
+islands. The difficulty in getting in and out of the harbour and the
+indifferent quality of the water were alone sufficient objections against
+my stopping here. The road at Annamooka was more convenient for getting
+out and in, and the water, although not of the best quality, is reported
+to be better than that found at Amsterdam [Tongatabu], and Annamooka
+being the place I had appointed as a rendezvous for the tender I did not
+hesitate in giving the preference to it, and accordingly made the best of
+my way thither, and we saw the Fallafagee islands (which lie near
+Annamooka) [Kotu Group?] before dark, and also Toofoa, Kaho and Hoonga
+Tonga islands to the Westward, which are visible at a greater distance.
+
+On the 28th July anchored in Annamooka Road. The person who now had the
+principal authority on the shore was a young chief whom we had not seen
+before. There was the same respect paid to him as was paid to Fattahfahe
+and to Toobou; neither of these chiefs nor Moukahkahlah were now in the
+islands, and the natives were now more daring in their thefts than ever,
+and would sometimes endeavour to take things by force, and robbed and
+stripped some of our people that were separated from the party. Lt.
+Corner, who commanded the watering and wooding parties on shore, received
+a blow on the head and was robbed of a curiosity he had bought and held
+in his hand, and with which the thief was making off. Lt. Corner shot the
+thief in the back, and he fell to the ground; at the same instant the
+natives attempted to take axes and a saw from the wooding party, and
+actually got off with two axes, one by force and the other by stealth,
+but they did not succeed in getting the saw. Two muskets were fired at
+the thieves, yet it was supposed that they were not hurt, but we are told
+that the other man died of his wound. One of the yawls was on shore at
+the time, and the long boat was landing near her with an empty cask. Lt.
+Corner drew the wooding and watering parties towards the boats and then
+began to load them with the wood that was cut.
+
+A boat was sent from the ship to inquire the cause of the firing that was
+heard, but before she returned a canoe came from the shore to inform the
+principal chief (whom I had brought on board to dine with me) that one of
+the natives had been killed by our people. The chief was very much
+agitated at the information, and wanted to get out of the cabin windows
+into the canoe, but I would not suffer him to do it and told him I would
+go on shore with him myself in a little time in one of the ship's boats.
+Our boat soon returned and gave me an account of what had passed on
+shore. I told the chief that the Lieutenant had been struck, and that he
+and his party had been robbed of several things, and that I was very glad
+that the thief had been shot, and that I should shoot every person who
+attempted to rob us, but that no other person except the thief should be
+hurt by us on that account. The axes and some other things that had been
+stolen before were returned and very few robbings of any consequence were
+attempted and discovered until the day of our departure.
+
+I took this opportunity of showing the chief what execution the cannon
+and carronades would do by firing a six-pound shot on shore and an
+eighteen-pounder carronade loaded with grape shot into the sea. I
+afterwards went on shore with two boats and took with me the chief and
+his attendants, and before I returned on board again told him that I
+should send on shore the next morning for water and wood, and that I
+should also come on shore myself in the course of the day, all which he
+approved of and desired me to do, and accordingly the next morning, the
+31st July the watering and wooding parties were sent on shore and carried
+on their business without interruption, and in the afternoon I went on
+shore myself and made a small present to the chief and to some other
+people.
+
+On the 2nd August, having completed my water, &c. and thinking it time to
+return to England I did not think proper to wait any longer for the
+tender, but left instructions for her commander should she happen to
+arrive after my departure, and I sailed from Annamooka, attended by a
+number of chiefs and canoes belonging to those and the surrounding
+islands. After the ship was under way some of the natives had the address
+to get in at the cabin windows and stole out of the cabin some books and
+other things, and they had actually got into their canoes before they
+were discovered. The thieves were allowed to make their escape, but the
+canoes that had stolen these things were brought alongside and broke up
+for firewood. During this transaction the other natives carried on their
+traffic alongside with as much unconcern as if nothing had happened.
+
+I made farewell presents to all the chiefs and to many others of
+different descriptions, and after hauling round Annamooka shoals, passed
+to the Eastward of Toofoa and Kaho, and in the morning saw Bickerton's
+island and the small island to the Southward of it. On the 4th, in the
+evening, saw land bearing N.N.W. At first we took it to be Keppel's and
+Boscowen's islands, which I intended to visit, and by account was only a
+few miles to the Westward of them. As we approached the land we perceived
+that it was only one island, and as I supposed that it was a new
+discovery I called it Proby's island.[62-1] The hills, of which there
+are a great many of different heights and forms, are planted with
+cocoanuts and other trees, and the houses of a larger size than we had
+usually seen on the islands in these seas; were on the tops of hills of
+moderate height. We passed from S.E. end to the East, round to the North
+and N.W.
+
+Landing appeared to be very indifferent until we came near the N.W.,
+where the land formed itself into a kind of bay, and where the landing
+appeared to be better. The natives brought on board cocoanuts and
+plantains, all of which I bought, and made them a present of a few
+articles of iron. They told us that they had water, hogs, fowls and yams
+on shore and plenty of wood. They spoke nearly the same language as at
+the Friendly Islands. It lies in latitude 15 deg. 53' S. and longitude 175 deg.
+51' W. I was now convinced that I was rather further to the Westward than
+I expected, and examining the island had carried me still further that
+way. I therefore gave up my intention of visiting Boscowen's and Keppel's
+islands,[63-1] as the regaining the Easting necessary would take up more
+time than would be prudent to allow at this advanced time of the season,
+and as soon as I had made the necessary inquiries, &c., after the
+_Bounty_, &c., our course was shaped with a view to fall in to the
+Eastward of Wallis' Island,[63-2] and the next day, the 5th, a little
+before noon saw that island bearing West by South, estimated by the
+master at ten leagues, but I did not myself suppose it to be more than
+seven leagues from us at that time.
+
+Canoes came off to us and brought us cocoanuts and fish, which they sold
+for nails, and I also made them a present of some small articles which I
+always made a rule to do to first adventurers, hoping that it might turn
+out advantageous to future visitors, but they went away before I had
+given them all I intended. They told us that there was running water,
+hogs and fowls on shore. They spoke the language of the Friendly Islands,
+and I observed that one of the men had both of his little fingers cut
+off, and the flesh over his cheekbones very much bruised after the manner
+of the natives of those islands.[64-1]
+
+In the evening I bore away and made sail to the Westward intending to run
+between Espiritu Santo and Santa Cruz, and to keep between the tracks of
+Captain Carteret and Lt. Bligh, and on the 8th at 10 at night saw land
+bearing from the W. by S. We had no ground at 110 fathoms. At daylight I
+bore away and passed round the East end and ran down on the South side of
+the island. There is a white beach on these parts of the island on which
+there appears to be tolerable good landing, or better than is usually
+seen on the islands in these seas, and there is probably anchorage in
+different places on this side or under the small islands, of which there
+are several near the principal island, but as I did not hoist out the
+boats to sound that still remains a doubt.
+
+There are cocoanut trees all along the shore behind the beach, and an
+uncommon number of boughs amongst them. The island is rather high,
+diversified with hills of different forms, some of which might obtain the
+name of mountain, but they are cultivated up to their very summits with
+cocoanut trees and other articles, and the island is in general as well
+or better cultivated and its inhabitants more numerous for its size than
+any of the islands we have hitherto seen. The principal island is about 7
+miles long and three or four broad, but including the islands off its
+East and West ends, and which latter are joined to it by a reef, it is
+about ten miles long. I called it Grenville Island [Rotuma], supposing it
+to be a new discovery. Its latitude is 12 deg. 29' and longitude 183 deg. 03' W.
+
+A great number of paddling canoes came off and viewed the ship at a
+distance, and I believed that their intentions were at first hostile.
+They were all armed with clubs and they had a great quantity of stones in
+their canoes which they use in battle, and they all occasionally joined
+in a kind of war-whoop. We made signs of peace, and offered them a
+variety of toys which drew them alongside, and then into the ship where
+they behaved very quietly; probably the unexpected presents they got from
+us, and our number and strength might operate in favour of peace.
+However, they seemed to have the same propensity to thieving as the
+natives of the other islands, and gave us many, some of which ludicrous,
+examples.
+
+Although at so great a distance they said that they were acquainted with
+the Friendly islands, and had learned from them the use of iron.[65-1]
+They were tattooed in a different manner from the natives of the other
+islands we had visited, having the figure of a fish, birds and a variety
+of other things marked upon their arms. Their canoes were not so
+delicately formed nor so well finished as at the Friendly islands, but
+more resemble those of the Duke of York's, the Duke of Clarence's and the
+Navigators' islands. Neither sailing or double canoes came on board,
+neither did we see any of either of these descriptions. They told us that
+water and many other useful things, the usual produce of the islands in
+these seas, could be procured on shore.
+
+Their language appeared something to resemble that spoken at the Friendly
+islands, and after asking them such questions as we thought necessary,
+some of which probably were not understood perfectly by them, or their
+answers by us, we made sail and continued our course to the Westward. No
+women were seen in the canoes that visited us, which curiosity or the
+hope of getting some pleasing toys usually bring to our side, but this is
+another proof that their original intentions were hostile. We passed the
+island in so short a time that those who neglected to come out at our
+first appearance had not afterwards the opportunity to visit us.
+
+On the 11th at eleven o'clock in the morning we struck soundings on a
+bank in twelve to fourteen fathoms water and at ten minutes after eleven
+had no ground in one hundred and forty fathoms. No land was then in
+sight, nor did we get any soundings after in the course of the day. It
+was called Pandora's Bank, its Latitude 12 deg. 11' S. and Longitude 188 deg. 68'
+W.
+
+On the next morning saw a small island which met in two high hummocks and
+a steeple rock which lies high on the West side of the hummocks. It
+obtained the name of Mitre Island. The shore appeared to be steep to, and
+we had no bottom at 120 fathoms within three quarters of a mile of the
+shore. There was no landing place or sign of inhabitants. The tops of the
+hills were covered with wood. There was also some on the sides, but not
+in so great an abundance they being too steep and too bare of soil in
+some places to support it. Latitude 11 deg. 49' S. and Longitude 190 deg. 04'
+30" W.[67-1]
+
+By nine o'clock we had passed it and steered to the Westward, and soon
+afterwards we saw another island bearing N.W. by N. We hauled up to the
+N.W. to make it out more distinctly as it is of considerable height, yet
+not much more than a mile long, and the top and the side of the hills
+very well cultivated and a number of houses were seen near the beach in a
+bay on the South side of the island. The beach from the East round to the
+South of the West end is of white sand, but there was then too much surf
+for the ship's boat to land upon it with safety. I called it Cherry's
+Island [Native name: Anula]. Its Latitude is 11 deg. 37' S. and Longitude
+190 deg. 19' 30" W.[67-2]
+
+On the 13th August a little before noon we saw an island bearing about
+N.W. by N. In general it is high, but to the West and North West the
+mountain tapered down to a round point of moderate height. It abounds
+with wood, even the summits of the mountain are covered with trees. In
+the S.E. end there was the appearance of a harbour, and from that place
+the reef runs along the South side to the Westernmost extremity. In some
+places its distance is not much more than a mile from the shore, in other
+places it is considerably more. Although we were sometimes within less
+than a mile of the reef we saw neither house nor people. The haziness of
+the weather prevented us from seeing objects distinctly, yet we saw smoke
+very plain, from which it may be presumed that the island is inhabited.
+It is six or seven leagues long and of considerable breadth. I called it
+Pitt's Island. Its Latitude is 11 deg. 50' 30" S. South point, and Longitude
+193 deg. 14' 15" W.[68-1]
+
+At midnight between the 16th and 17th of August breakers were discovered
+ahead and upon our bow, and not a mile from us. We were lying to and
+heaving the lead at the time and had no ground at 120 fathoms. We wore
+the ship and stood from them and in less than an hour after more breakers
+were seen extending more than a point before our lee beam, but we made
+more sail and so got clear of them all. At daylight we put about with the
+intention of examining the breakers we had seen in the night and we made
+two boards, but perceiving that I could not weather them without some
+risk I bore up and ran round its N.W. end. It is a double reef enclosing
+a space of deeper water like the lagoon islands so common in these seas,
+and probably will become one in the course of time. The sea breaks pretty
+high upon it in different parts, but there is no part of the reef
+absolutely above water. It is about seven miles long in the direction of
+N.W. by N. Its breadth is not so much. Called it Willis's shoal. It lies
+in Latitude 12 deg. 20' S. and Longitude 200 deg. 2' W.[69-1]
+
+We pursued our course to the Westward and on the 23rd saw the land
+bearing from N.E. to N. by W. The Easternmost land when first seen was
+ten or twelve leagues from us and it cannot be far to the Westward of the
+land seen by Mons. Bougainville and called by him Louisiade, and probably
+joins to it. The cape is in Latitude 10 deg. 3' 32" S. and Longitude 212 deg.
+14' W., was called Cape Rodney and another cape in Latitude 9 deg. 58' S. and
+Longitude 212 deg. 37' W. was called Cape Hood, and an island lying between
+them was called Mount Clarence. After passing Cape Hood the land appears
+lower and to branch off about N.N.W. and to form a deep and wide bay, or
+perhaps a passage through, for we saw no other land, and there are doubts
+whether it joins New Guinea or not.[69-2]
+
+I pursued my course to the Westward between the Latitudes of 10 deg. and 9 deg.
+33' S. keeping the mouth of Endeavour Straits open, by which I hoped to
+avoid the difficulties and dangers experienced by Captain Cook in his
+passage through the reef in a higher latitude, and also the difficulties
+he met with when within in his run from thence to the Strait's
+mouth.[70-1]
+
+On the 25th August at 9 in the morning, saw breakers from the mast head
+bearing from us W. by S. to W.N.W. I hauled up to the Southward and
+passed to the Eastward of them. It runs in the direction of W.S.W. and
+E.N.E. 4' or 5', and another side runs in the direction of N.W. the
+distance unknown. The sea broke very moderately upon it, in some places
+barely perceptibly. In the interior part a very small sand-bank was seen
+from the mast-head, and no other part of the reef was above water. It
+obtained the name of Look-Out shoal.[70-2]
+
+Before noon we saw more breakers which proved to be one of those
+half-formed islands enclosing a lagoon, the reef of which was composed
+principally of very large stones, but a sandbank was seen from the mast
+head extending to the Southward of it, and as I could not weather it and
+seeing another opening to the Westward, I steered to the W.S.W., and a
+little before two o'clock saw the island to the Westward of us, and
+another reef bearing about S.W. by South and I then steered W. 1/2 N. until
+half past five, when a reef was seen extending from the island a
+considerable way to the N.W., the island bearing then about W.S.W. I
+immediately hauled upon the wind in order to pass to the Southward of it,
+and seeing a passage to the Northward obstructed[71-1] I stood on and
+off, and was still during the night, and in the morning bore away; but as
+we drew near we also saw a reef extending to the Southward from the South
+end of the island. I ran to the Southward along the reef with the
+intention and expectation of getting round it, and the whole day was
+spent without succeeding in my purpose and without seeing the end of the
+reef, or any break in it that gave the least hopes of a channel fit for a
+ship.[71-2]
+
+The islands, which I called Murray's Islands, are four in number, two of
+them are of considerable height and may be seen twelve leagues. The
+principal island is not more than three miles long. It is well wooded and
+at the top of the highest hill the rocks have the appearance of a
+fortified garrison. The other high island is only a single mountain
+almost destitute of trees and verdure. The other two are only crazy
+barren rocks. We saw three two mast boats under sail near the reef, which
+we supposed belong to the islands. Murray Islands lie in Latitude 9 deg. 57'
+S. and Longitude 216 deg. 43' W. We kept turning to the Southward along the
+reef until the 28th in search of a channel and in the forenoon of that
+day we thought we saw an opening through the reef near a white sandy
+island or key, and a little before Lt. Corner was sent in the yawl to
+examine it. At three quarters past four he made the signal that there was
+a channel through the reef fit for a ship, and after a signal was made
+and repeated for the boat to return on board, and after dark false fires
+and muskets were fired from the ship, and answered with muskets by the
+boat repeatedly to point out the situation of each other. We sounded
+frequently but had no ground at 110 fathoms.
+
+At about twenty minutes after seven the boat was seen close in under our
+stern and at the same time we got soundings in 50 fathoms water. We
+immediately made sail, but before the tacks were on board and the sails
+trimmed the ship struck upon the reef when we were getting 41/4 less 2
+fathoms water on the larboard side, and 3 fathoms on the starboard side.
+Got out the boats with a view to carrying out an anchor, but before it
+could be effected the ship struck so heavily on the reef that the
+carpenters reported that she made 18 inches of water in five minutes, and
+in five minutes after there was four feet of water in the hold. Finding
+the leak increase so fast found it necessary to turn all hands to the
+pumps and to bale at the different hatchways. She still continued to gain
+upon us so much that under an hour and a half after she had struck there
+was eight feet of water in the hold, and we perceived that the ship had
+beat over the reef where we had 10 fathoms water. We let go the small
+bower and veered away the cable and let go the best bower under foot in
+15 fathoms water to steady the ship. At this time the water only gained
+upon us in a small degree and we flattered ourselves for some time that
+by the assistance of a top sail which we were preparing and intended to
+haul under the ship's bottom we might be able to free her of water, but
+these flattering hopes did not continue long, for as she settled in the
+water the leaks increased and in so great a degree that there was reason
+to apprehend that she would sink before daylight.
+
+In the course of the night two of the pumps were for some time rendered
+useless, one, however was repaired, and we continued baling and pumping
+the remainder of the night and every effort was made to keep her
+afloat.[73-1] Daylight fortunately appeared and gave us the opportunity
+to see our situation and the surrounding danger. Our boats were kept
+astern of the ship; a small quantity of provisions and other necessaries
+were put into them, rafts were made, and all floating things upon the
+deck were unlashed. At half past six the hold was filled with water, and
+water was between decks and it also washed in at the upper deck ports,
+and there were strong indications that the ship was upon the very point
+of sinking, and we began to leap overboard and to take to the boats, and
+before everybody could get out of her the ship actually sank.[73-2] The
+boats continued astern on the ship in the direction of the drift of the
+tide from here, and took up the people that had held on to the rafts or
+other floating things that had been cast loose for the purpose of
+supporting them in the water.[74-1]
+
+We loaded two of the boats with people and sent them to the island, or
+rather key, about three or four miles from the ship, and then other two
+boats remained near the ship for some time and picked up all the people
+that could be seen and then followed the two first boats to the key, and
+after landing the people, &c. the boats were immediately sent again to
+look about the wreck and the adjoining reefs for missing people, but they
+returned without having found a single person. On mustering we discovered
+that 89 of the ship's company and 10 of the pirates that were on board
+were saved, and that 31[74-2] of the ship's company and 4 pirates were
+lost with the ship. The boats were hauled up and secured to fit them for
+the intended run to Timor; an account was taken of the provision and
+other articles saved, and they were spread to dry, and we put ourselves
+to the following allowance, to 3 ounces of bread, which was occasionally
+reduced to 2 ounces, to half an ounce of portable soup, to half an ounce
+of essence of malt, (but these two articles were not served until after
+we left the key, and they were at other times withheld), to two small
+glasses of water and one of wine.
+
+On the afternoon of the 30th sent a boat to the wreck to see if anything
+could be procured. She returned with the head of the T.G. mast, a little
+of the T.G. rigging, and part of the chain of the lightning conductor,
+but without a single article of provision. The boat was also sent to
+examine the channel through the reef &c. and was afterwards sent
+a-fishing. She lost her grapnel, but no fish were caught.
+
+On the 31st the boats were completed and were launched, and we put
+everything we had saved on board of them and at half past ten in the
+forenoon we embarked, 30 on board the launch, 25 in the pinnace, 23 in
+one yawl and 21 in the other yawl.[75-1] We steered N.W. by W. and W.N.W.
+within the reef. This channel through the reef is better than any
+hitherto known, besides the advantage it has of being situated further
+to the North, by which many difficulties would be avoided when within the
+reef. In the run from thence to the entrance of Endeavour Straits there
+is a small white island or key on the larboard end of the channel, which
+lies in Latitude 11 deg. 23' S., the sides are strong and irregular.
+
+On the 1st September in the morning saw land, which probably was the
+continent of New South Wales. The yawls were sent on shore to ground and
+look out. They saw a run of water, landed and filled their two barricois,
+which were the only vessels of consequence they had with them, and I
+steered for an island called by Lt. Bligh Mountainous Island, and when
+joined by the boats ran into a bay of that island where we saw Indians on
+the beach. The water was shoal and the Indians waded off to the boats. I
+gave them some presents and made them sensible that we were in want of
+water. They brought us a vessel filled with water which we had given them
+for the purpose, and they returned to fill it again. They used many signs
+to signify that they wished us to land, but we declined their invitation
+from motives of prudence.
+
+Just as a person was entering the water with the second vessel of fresh
+water, an arrow was discharged at us by another person, which struck my
+boat on the quarter, and perceiving that they were collecting bows and
+arrows a volley of small arms was fired at them which put them to flight.
+I did not think proper to land and get water by force as land was seen at
+that time in different directions, which by appearance was likely to
+produce that article, and which I flattered myself we might be able to
+procure without being drove to that extremity. I therefore ran close
+along the shore of this island and landed at different places at some
+distance from the former situation. I also landed at another island near
+it which I called Plum Island[77-1] from its producing a species of that
+fruit, but we were unsuccessful in finding the article we were in search
+of, and in so much want of.
+
+In the evening we steered for the islands which we supposed were those
+called by Captain Cook the Prince of Wales' Islands, and before midnight
+came to a grapnel with the boats near one of these islands, in a large
+sound formed by several of the surrounding islands, to several of which
+we gave names, and called the sound Sandwich Sound.[77-2] It is fit for
+the reception of ships, having from five to seven fathoms of water. There
+is plenty of wood on most of the islands, and by digging we found very
+good water. On the flat part of a large island which I called Lafory's
+Island,[77-3] situated on the larboard hand as we entered the sound from
+the Eastward we saw a burying place and several wolves[77-4] near the
+watering place, but we saw no natives. Here we filled our vessels with
+water and made two canvas bags in which we also put water, but with this
+assistance we had barely the means to take a gallon of water for each man
+in the boats. We sent our kettles on shore and made tea and portable
+broth, and a few oysters were picked off the rocks with which we made a
+comfortable meal, indeed the only one we had made since the day before we
+left the ship.
+
+On the 2nd September at half past three in the afternoon we stood out of
+the North entrance of the sound. Before five we saw a reef extending from
+the North to the W.N.W. and which appeared to run in the latter direction
+or more to the Westward.[77-5] On the edge of this reef we had 31/4 fathoms
+of water and after hauling to the S.W. we soon deepened our water to 5
+fathoms. Besides Mountainous and West Islands seen by Lt. Bligh we saw
+several other islands between the North and the West, one of which I
+called Hawkesbury Island. We saw several large turtle.
+
+In the evening we saw the Northernmost extremity of New South Wales,
+which forms the South side of Endeavour Straits. At night the boats took
+each other in tow and we steered to the Westward.
+
+It is unnecessary to retail our particular sufferings in the boats during
+our run to Timor and it is sufficient to observe that we suffered more
+from heat and thirst than from hunger, and that our strength was greatly
+decreased.[78-1] We fortunately had good weather, and the sea was
+generally not very rough, and the boats were more buoyant and lively in
+the water that we reasonably could have expected considering the weight
+and numbers we had in them.
+
+At seven o'clock in the morning of the 13th September we saw the island
+of Timor bearing N.W. We continued our course to the W.N.W. till noon,
+but the other boats hauled for the land and we separated from them. At
+one o'clock we were well in with the land and a party was sent on shore
+in search of water, but none was found here, nor at several other places
+we examined as we passed along the coast, until the next morning, when
+good water was found. We also bought a few small fish, which when divided
+afforded some two or three ounces per man. Here the launch joined us
+again. They informed us that they had got a supply of water the evening
+before.
+
+On the 15th in the morning saw the island of Rotte. At half past three in
+the afternoon entered the Straits of Samoa. Before midnight we came to a
+grapnel off the float or Coopang and found here one ship, a ketch and two
+or three small craft. The launch separated from us soon after dark to get
+up to Coopang the next day in the forenoon. On the morning of the 16th by
+our account (which was the 17th in this country) at daylight we hailed
+the fort and informed them whom we were. A small boat was sent to us, and
+myself and Lt. Hayward landed at the usual place near the Chinese Temple
+where we were received by the Lt. Governor, Mr. Fruy and Mr. Bouberg,
+Capt. Lieutenant of a Company ship that lay in the road, and conducted by
+them to Governor Wanjon, who received us with great humanity and goodness
+of heart. Refreshments were immediately prepared for myself and the
+lieutenant. Provision was provided, the people ordered to land, and they
+all dined in the Governor's own house, and an arrangement was made for
+the reception and accommodation of the whole party as they arrived.
+
+The church and the church-yard was assigned for the use of the private
+seamen, a house was hired for the warrant and petty officers. The people
+that were ill were put under the care of Mr. Zimers, the Surgeon-General.
+Governor Wanjon did me and Lt. Hayward the honour of lodging and
+entertaining us in his own house. Mr. Corner, the second Lieutenant and
+Mr. Bentham, the Purser, were received in the house of Mr. Fruy, the
+Lieutenant-Governor. Lt. Larkin and Mr. Passmore were taken into the
+house of Mr. Brouberg, the Captain-Lieutenant of the Company ship, and
+Mr. Hamilton, the surgeon, was accommodated in the house of Mr. Zimers,
+the Surgeon-General, and Governor Wanjon did everything in his power to
+supply our present wants, or that would contribute to the
+re-establishment of our health and strength and even to our amusement,
+and this benevolent example was followed by Mr. Fruy, the
+Lieutenant-Governor and the other gentlemen of the place. Two months'
+provision was provided for the ship's company and put on board the
+_Remberg_ [_Rembang_], a Dutch East India Company ship, and we embarked
+on board the same ship for Batavia on the 6th October, 1791.[80-1]
+
+Before we sailed Governor Wanjon delivered to me eight men, one woman and
+two children who came to Coopang in June last in a six-oared cutter. They
+are supposed to be late deserters from the colony at Port Jackson. Food
+bills were given on the different departments of the Navy for the
+provisions and other necessaries we were supplied with at Coopang and
+also for the maintenance and cloathing of the convicts. I sold one of the
+yawls to the Lieutenant-Governor and the longboat and the other yawl to
+the Commander of the _Remberg_, the ship in which we embarked. The latter
+was not to be delivered up until I left Batavia, and I shall make myself
+accountable to the Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy for the amount. As
+I could take no more boats with me and the pinnace being out of repair, I
+left her with the Governor Wanjon with permission to do with her what he
+thought proper.
+
+We stopped at Samarang, being an island of Java, where we had the good
+fortune to be joined by our tender that had separated from us off the
+island of Oattoah. She had all her people on board except one man, whom
+they had buried a few days before. She had been stopped at Java on
+suspicion, and they were going to send her to Batavia. Mr. Overstratin,
+the Governor of the place, delivered her up to me. The tender had
+contracted a small debt for provisions &c. at Java, which I shall
+discharge. She fell in to the Westward of Annamooka, the island I had
+appointed to rendezvous on, without seeing it, and then steered two days
+to the Westward nearly in its latitude and fell in with an island which I
+suppose must be one of the Fiji Islands, where they had waited for me
+five weeks, and then proceeded through Endeavour Straits and intended to
+stop at Batavia. With the iron and salt I had provided them with they
+were enabled to procure and preserve sufficient provision for their run
+to Java.
+
+I arrived at Batavia on the 7th November and on application to the
+Governor and Council my people were put on board a Dutch East India
+Company's ship that was lying in the Road to be kept there until they
+could be sent to Europe, and the sick were ordered to be received by the
+Company's hospital at Batavia, and I have since agreed with the Dutch
+East India Company to divide my ship's company into four parts, and to
+embark them on board four of their ships for Holland at no expense to the
+Government further than for the officers and prisoners, which appeared to
+me to be the most eligible and least expensive way of getting to England.
+Lt. Larkin, two petty officers, and eighteen seamen embarked on the
+_Zwan_, a Dutch East India ship on the 19th November and are sailing for
+Europe, and myself and the remainder of the _Pandora's_ company and the
+prisoners are to embark as soon as their ships are manned. Myself and the
+pirates are to embark on board the _Vreedenberg_, Captain Christian and I
+have stipulated that myself and the prisoners may be at liberty to go on
+board any of His Majesty's ships, or other vessels we may meet with on
+mine or my officer's application for the purpose.
+
+Enclosed is the latitudes and longitudes of several islands, &c. we
+discovered during our voyage, the state of the _Pandora's_ company, a
+list of pirates belonging to the _Bounty_, taken at Otaheite and a list
+of convicts, deserters from the colony at Port Jackson. It may be
+necessary to observe that these last have several names, and that William
+Bryant and James Cox pretend that their time of transportation has
+expired, but these two then found a boat and money to procure necessaries
+to enable themselves and others to escape, for which I presume they are
+liable to punishment, and think it my duty to give information.
+
+Although I have not had the good fortune to fully accomplish the object
+of my voyage, and that it has in other respects been strongly marked with
+great misfortunes, I hope it will be thought that the first is not for
+want of perseverence, or the latter for want of the care and attention of
+myself and those under my command, but that the disappointment and
+misfortune arose from the difficulties and peculiar circumstances of the
+service we were upon; that those of my orders I have been able to fulfil,
+with the discoveries that have been made will be some compensation for
+the disappointment and misfortunes that have attended us, and should
+their Lordships upon the whole think that the voyage will be profitable
+to our country it will be a great consolation to,
+
+Sir,
+Your most humble and obedient servant,
+EDW. EDWARDS.
+Philip Stevens Esq."
+
+
+"Cape of Good Hope,
+19th March, 1792.
+
+SIR,
+
+Agreeable to my intentions which I did myself the honour to signify to
+you in a letter addressed from Batavia and sent by a Dutch packet bound
+to Europe, I embarked the remainder of the Company of His Majesty's ship
+_Pandora_, pirates late belonging to the _Bounty_ and the convicts
+deserters from Port Jackson, on board three Dutch East India ships as
+follows:--
+
+Myself, the master, Purser, Gunner, Clerk, two midshipmen, twentyone
+seamen, and ten pirates on board the _Vreedenburg_, bound to Amsterdam.
+
+Lt. Corner, the surgeon, three midshipmen, fourteen seamen, and half the
+convicts on board the _Horssen_, bound to Rotterdam, and Lt. Hayward, the
+boatswain, surgeon's mate, three midshipmen, fifteen seamen and the other
+half of the convicts on board the _Hoornwey_, bound to Rotterdam.
+
+Lt. Larkin with two petty officers and eighteen seamen were embarked on
+board the _Zwan_ and sailed from Batavia previous to the date of my
+former letter, and I am now informed that she has been at this port and
+sailed from hence for Europe more than a month before my arrival.
+
+I found His Majesty's Ship _Gorgon_ here on her return from Port Jackson,
+and on account both of expedition and greater security I intend to avail
+myself of the opportunity to embark on board of her with the ten pirates
+for England, and I request that you will be pleased to communicate the
+circumstances to My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
+
+I have the honour to be, Sir,
+Your most obedient and humble servant,
+EDW. EDWARDS."
+
+
+"Admiralty Office,
+June, 19th 1792.
+
+SIR,
+
+I beg leave to inform you that I found His Majesty's Ship _Gorgon_ at the
+Cape of Good Hope on my arrival there in the _Vreedenburg_, a Dutch East
+India Company's ship, from Batavia, and I thought it proper to remove the
+pirates late belonging to His Majesty's armed vessel, the _Bounty_, and
+the convicts, deserters from Port Jackson (whom I had under my charge on
+board the Dutch East India Company's ships) into His Majesty's said ship,
+for their greater security, and I took the same opportunity myself to
+embark on board on her for England and I hope that these steps will be
+approved of by their Lordships.
+
+I gave you an account of my arrival at the Cape of Good Hope and of my
+intentions to embark on board the _Gorgon_ with the pirates, convicts,
+&c. in a letter which I did myself the honour to address to you from
+thence and sent by the _Baring_, Thomas Fingey, Master, an American ship
+bound to Ostend.
+
+Inclosed is the state of the company of His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_ at
+the time I left the Cape of Good Hope, and the manner in which they were
+disposed of on board Dutch East India Company's ships in order to be
+brought to Europe and also a list of the pirates late belonging to the
+_Bounty_, and of the convicts, deserters from Port Jackson, delivered to
+me by Mr. Wanjon, the Governor of the Dutch settlements in the island of
+Timor, now on board His Majesty's Ship _Gorgon_.
+
+I arrived yesterday evening at St. Helens, left the _Gorgon_, and landed
+at Portsmouth last night and I am now at this office awaiting their
+Lordships' Commands.
+
+And I have the honour to be, Sir,
+Your most obedient and humble servant,
+EDW. EDWARDS.
+Philip Stevens, Esq."
+
+
+A LIST of convicts, deserters from Port Jackson, delivered to Captain
+Edward Edwards of His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_ by Timotheus Wanjon,
+Governor of the Dutch Settlements at Timor, 5th October, 1791.
+
+William Allen,                }
+John Butcher,                 }
+Nathaniel Lilley,             }
+James Martin,                 } On board H.M.S. _Gorgon_.
+Mary Bryant. Transported      }
+  by the name of Mary         }
+  Broad.                      }
+William Morton, Dd on board Dutch East India Co.'s ship, _Hoornwey_.
+William Bryant, Dd 22nd December 1791, Hospital Batavia.
+James Cox, Dd, fell overboard Straits of Sunda.
+John Simms, Dd on board Dutch East India Co.'s ship _Hoornwey_.
+Emanuel Bryant, Dd 1st        }
+  December 1791,              }
+  Batavia.                    } Children of the above
+Charlotte Bryant, Dd 6th      } William and Mary Bryant.
+  May 1792 on board           }
+  H.M.S. _Gorgon_.            }
+
+EDW. EDWARDS.
+
+
+A LIST of one Petty Officer and four Seamen lost in a cutter belonging to
+His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_, at Palmerston's Island on the 24th May,
+1791.
+
+John Sival, Midshipman.
+James Good,             }
+William Wasdel,         } Seamen.
+James Scott,            }
+Joseph Cunningham,      }
+
+EDW. EDWARDS.
+
+
+LIST of Pirates late belonging to His Majesty's ship _Bounty_ taken by
+His Majesty's Ship _Pandora_, Captain Edward Edwards, at Otaheite.
+
+Joseph Coleman,    }
+Peter Haywood,     }
+Michael Burn,      }
+James Morrison,    }
+Charles Norman,    } On Board H.M.S. _Gorgon_.
+Thomas Ellison,    }
+Thomas MacIntosh,  }
+William Muspratt,  }
+Thomas Burkitt,    }
+John Millward,     }
+
+George Stewart,    }
+Richard Skinner,   }
+Henry Heilbrant,   } 29th August 1791, lost with ship.
+John Sumner.       }
+
+(Signed) EDWARD EDWARDS.
+
+
+STATE of the Company of H.M.S. _Pandora_, Captain Edward Edwards: and the
+manner disposed of on board Dutch East India Company's Ships for their
+voyage to Europe.
+
+                                Com. Off.  Warrant     Petty     Seamen.
+                                & Master.  Officers.  Officers.
+
+Zwan, Lt. John Larkan,              1                     2         17
+Horssen, Lt. Robert Corner,         1          1          2         13
+Mr. George Hamilton Surgeon.
+Hornwey, Lt. Thos. Hayward,
+John Cunningham, Boatswain,         1          1          2         14
+Vreedenberg, Mr. G. Passmore, Master,
+Mr. Gregory Bentham, Purser,
+    Mr. Jos.                        1          2          1         18
+Parker gunner and 1 Supernumary
+    belonging to H.M.
+    armed vessel _Supply_.
+Hospital at Batavia,                                                 1
+H.M.S. _Gorgon_, Captain
+    Edwards,                        1                     2          1
+______________________________________________________________________
+                                    5          4          9         64
+
+Whole Number borne,            82
+Died since ship was lost,      16
+Discharged,                     1
+                             ____
+
+Whole number Ship's company
+saved in ship and tender       99
+Supernumaries.
+Do. Pirates,                   10
+Convicts, 4 men and 1 woman     5
+
+EDWARD EDWARDS.
+
+
+"No. 8, Craven Street,
+Strand,
+9th July, 1792.
+
+SIR,
+
+I beg leave to acquaint you that I have information that the
+_Vreedenburg_ and the _Horssen_, two Dutch East India Company's ships, on
+board of which part of the company of His Majesty's ship _Pandora_ are
+embarked, were off the Start on the 5th of this month, on their way to
+Holland, and that the _Hoornwey_, the ship on board which the remainder
+of the company of the _Pandora_ were embarked, was expected to sail from
+the Cape of Good Hope in about three weeks after the two former ships
+left that place, but the account does not mention the day they left the
+Cape themselves.
+
+I have the honour to be, Sir,
+Your most obedient and humble servant,
+EDWARD EDWARDS."
+
+
+LIST of islands and places discovered by H.M.S. _Pandora_, with their
+latitudes and longitudes.
+
+   Names of Islands.           Lat. S.       Long. W.
+Ducie Island,                24 deg. 40' 30"    124 deg. 40' 30"
+Lord Hood's Island,          21 deg. 31' 00"    135 deg. 32' 30"
+Carysfort Island,            20 deg. 49' 00"    138 deg. 33' 00"
+Duke of Clarence Island,      9 deg. 09' 30"    171 deg. 30' 46"
+Otewhy or Chatham,           13 deg. 32' 30"    172 deg. 18' 25"
+Howe's Isles,                18 deg. 32' 30"    173 deg. 53' 00"
+Gardener's Isles,            17 deg. 57' 00"    175 deg. 16' 54"
+Bickerton's Isle,            18 deg. 47' 40"    174 deg. 48' 00"
+Onooafow or Probys Isle,     15 deg. 53' 00"    175 deg. 51' 00"
+Rotumah or Grenville Isles,  12 deg. 29' 00"    183 deg. 03' 00"
+Pandora's Bank,              12 deg. 11' 00"    188 deg. 08' 00"
+Mitre Island,                11 deg. 49' 00"    190 deg. 04' 30"
+Cherry Island,               11 deg. 37' 30"    190 deg. 19' 30"
+Pitt's Isle (South Point),   11 deg. 50' 30"    193 deg. 14' 05"
+Wells Shoal on reef,         12 deg. 20' 00"    202 deg. 02' 00"
+Cape Rodney,                 10 deg. 03' 32"    212 deg. 14' 05"
+Mount Clarence between the two Orayas.
+Cape Hood,                    9 deg. 58' 06"    212 deg. 37' 10"
+Look Out Shoal.
+Stoney Reef Islands.
+Murray's Islands,             9 deg. 57' 00"    216 deg. 43' 00"
+Wreck Reef.
+Escape Key,                  11 deg. 23' 00"
+Entrance Key,                11 deg. 23' 00"
+
+EDWARD EDWARDS.
+
+
+A LIST of 14 pirates, belonging to H.M.S. late ship _Bounty_, taken at
+Otaheite.
+
+Joseph Coleman.
+Peter Haywood.
+Michael Byrne.
+James Morrison.
+Charles Norman.
+Thomas Ellison.
+Thomas M'Intosh.
+William Muspratt.
+Thomas Burkitt.
+John Millward.
+
+George Stewart,  }
+Richard Skinner, } D/d drowned August 29th 1791.
+Henry Hillbrant, }
+John Sumner.     }
+
+EDWARD EDWARDS.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[30-1] They sighted Easter Island on March 4th, 1791, Ducie's Island on
+the 16th, Hoods' Island on the 17th, and Carysfort on the 19th. The
+latitude and description of Ducie's Island leaves little doubt that it
+was the first island discovered by Quiros on January 26th, 1606 and
+called by him Luna Puesta. It appears as Encarnacion in Espinosa's chart.
+Quiros thus describes it: "A buen juzgar dista de Lima ochocientas
+leguas: tiene cinco de boj, mucha arboleda y playas de arena, y junto a
+tierra fondo de ochenta brazas." Had Edwards but sailed due west from
+Ducie Island he must have sighted Pitcairn and discovered the
+hiding-place of Fletcher Christian's ill-fated colony.
+
+[31-1] An American vessel.
+
+[33-1] Morrison was Boatswain's Mate of the _Bounty_. He had previously
+served as midshipman in the navy, and by talent and education he was far
+above the station he held in Bligh's ship. It was he who planned and
+directed the building of the fast-sailing little schooner which acted as
+the _Pandora's_ tender, was the first vessel to anchor in Fiji, and made
+the record passage from China to the Sandwich Islands. Morrison was
+chaplain as well as foreman to the little band of shipwrights. On Sundays
+he hoisted the English colours on a staff and read the Church Service to
+them. He kept a journal, not only throughout the _Bounty's_ cruise, but
+during his sojourn with the mutineers in Tahiti, and, though it is not
+explained how he contrived to preserve it through the wreck of the
+_Pandora_ and the boat voyage, there can be no doubt that it was a
+genuine document. At Captain Heywood's death it passed with his other
+papers to his daughters. This journal has been annotated and corrected by
+another hand, probably Heywood's own, but without material alteration of
+the sense. It is filled with acrimony against Bligh from the outset of
+the _Bounty's_ cruise, and the form of the entries shows that it was
+intended to be the basis for laying serious charges against him when the
+ship was paid off. It is needless to add that it does not spare Edwards
+in respect of his treatment of his prisoners.
+
+[36-1] The _Pandora_ found one of them at Palmerston Island.
+
+[37-1] Executed at Portsmouth.
+
+[37-2] Pardoned.
+
+[37-3] Acquitted.
+
+[37-4] Drowned in the wreck of the _Pandora_.
+
+[37-5] Morrison said that his plan was to reach Batavia in time to secure
+a passage home in the next fleet bound to Holland, and that the return to
+Tahiti was occasioned, not by any distrust of his talents, but by the
+refusal of the natives, who were anxious to keep them in Tahiti, to
+victual the ship for so long a voyage. There were no casks on the
+schooner for storing water. Morrison, Heywood and Stewart had planned an
+escape from Tubuai in the _Bounty's_ boat, but, fortunately for
+them--since the attempt would have been certain death--their plan was
+discovered and frustrated by the other mutineers.
+
+[38-1] Oliver, master's mate; Renouard, midshipman; James Dodds,
+quartermaster; and six seamen.
+
+[40-1] Oatafu, one of the Union Group, discovered by Commodore Byron in
+1765. If the mutineers had settled there they would have starved, for
+there is neither food nor water. Since Byron's discovery a native
+settlement has been made from Bowditch Island (Fakaago), and the people,
+about 100 in number, live on fish, pandanus, and water caught in holes
+cut on the lee side of the cocoa-palms.
+
+[40-2] The northernmost island of the Cook Group, discovered by Bligh,
+April 11, 1798, a few days before the mutiny. In 1823 John Williams, the
+missionary, heard at Rarotonga a native tradition of Bligh's visit. The
+natives heard the first rumours of a world beyond their own from two
+Tahitian castaways who had seen Captain Cook, and had with them an iron
+hatchet obtained from the _Resolution_. They represented the strange
+beings who traversed the ocean in vast canoes, not lashed with sinnet nor
+furnished with outriggers, as impious people who laughed at the tabu, and
+even ate of the consecrated food from the Maraes. They were like the
+gods; if they were attacked they blew at their assailants with long
+blow-pipes (pupuhi) from which flames and stones were belched. Such were
+the Tute (Cooks). Thereafter, having need of iron (kurima) and other
+wonders current in Tahiti the men of Aitutaki prayed to their gods to
+send the Tute to their island with axes and nails and _pupuhi_, and this,
+according to an old priest, was their prayer. "O great Tangaroa, send
+your large ship to our land: let us see the Cookees. Great Tangiia, send
+us a dead sea, send us a propitious gale, to bring the far-famed Cookees
+to our land, to give us nails and iron and axes; let us see these
+outriggerless canoes." And with the feast presented with the prayer were
+promises of greater feasts so soon as their prayer was answered. The gods
+heard them. A few months later the Cookees came. The great ship did not
+anchor, but one of the natives took his courage in both hands, and went
+off in his canoe. He brought back strange tales of what he had seen. It
+was a floating island; there were two rivers flowing on it (the pumps),
+and two plantations in which grew taro and sugar-cane and bread-fruit,
+and the keel scraped the bottom of the sea, for he dived as deep as he
+could go without finding it.
+
+Williams has fallen into two errors in his account (p. 171). In the same
+breath he claims for himself the discovery of Rarotonga, in 1823, and
+announces this to have been a visit of the _Bounty_ after she was taken
+by the mutineers, _i.e._ in April, 1789. Rarotonga was, in fact,
+discovered by the ship _Seringapatam_ in 1814, though Williams may have
+been the first to land. The tradition must have referred to Bligh's visit
+to Aitutaki before the mutiny when the decks were encumbered with
+bread-fruit, for we know that the first thing the mutineers did after
+setting their captain adrift was to throw all the bread-fruit plants
+overboard, and that they steered direct for Tahiti.
+
+[42-1] Discovered by Cook in his second voyage. There are nine small
+islands connected by a reef, covered with trees, but destitute of water.
+
+[43-1] Sufficient for thirty days at most. In the face of the danger of
+parting company, with the _Pandora_ overloaded with stores, and the
+tender too feebly manned to wait at so dangerous a rendezvous as the
+Friendly Islands, Edwards showed very little foresight in neglecting to
+provision the tender for an independent voyage. His neglect nearly cost
+the crew their lives.
+
+[44-1] See p. 126.
+
+[46-1] Fakaafo or Bowditch Island, whence the present permanent
+inhabitants migrated.
+
+[46-2] Nukunono, a new discovery, another of the Union Group. It was
+surveyed by the American Exploring Expedition in 1840, and was found to
+be 7-2/10 miles long, N. and S., and 5 miles E. and W.
+
+[48-1] The actual position is 9.5' S. Latitude and 171.38' W. Longitude.
+
+[49-1] Savaii in the Samoa Group. If not the 'Beauman' Islands seen by
+Roggewein in 1721, they were discovered by Bougainville in 1768 and
+visited by La Perouse in 1787. Freycinet also visited them before
+Edwards.
+
+[49-2] Mata-atua Harbour. There is no river there except after heavy
+rain.
+
+[49-3] He had a finger cut off in mourning for Finau Ulukalala, who must
+have died in 1790.
+
+[50-1] La Perouse and Kotzebue call it Pola.
+
+[50-2] Upolu on which is Apia, the present capital of Samoa.
+
+[50-3] Upolu is the native name, but it has been called Ojalava,
+Oahtooha, Ojatava, and Opoloo by different navigators, who may have taken
+the names of villages or districts to mean the whole island. The
+population exceeded 20,000 at the beginning of last century.
+
+[50-4] Turmeric powder, never a mark of distinction, was besmeared over
+nursing mothers, chief women at the feasts connected with puberty, and
+persons concerned in certain other ceremonies.
+
+[51-1] Bougainville sighted Upolu on May 5th, 1760. A thick fog which
+came on that afternoon, and lasted all the following day, prevented him
+from approaching it, and from seeing Savaii, which he would have seen on
+May 7th in clear weather. La Perouse coasted along its southern shore on
+December 17th, 1789. Unfortunately, smarting from the massacre of de
+Langle and his boat's crew at Tutuila, he was in no mood for
+communicating with the natives, and he did not anchor.
+
+[51-2] See p. 12.
+
+[52-1] Fatafehi is the hereditary title of one of the spiritual chiefs of
+Tonga. He had no executive authority, but his wealth, derived from his
+lands and the offerings to which he was entitled, gave him considerable
+influence. The complicated hierarchy of spiritual chiefs in Tonga was a
+continual puzzle to Cook. Fatafehi at this time was an ornamental
+personage, inferior in dignity to the Tui Tonga, and in power to Tukuaho,
+who wielded the authority of his father Mumui, the Tui Kanakubolu. The
+Toobou (Tubou) mentioned here was the deputy of the tyrant Tukuaho, who,
+eight years later, was to pay the penalty of his crimes in the Revolution
+of 1799. Hamilton mentions that the tradition of Tasman's visit in 1642
+was still preserved.
+
+[54-1] Among the people who boarded the ship from Tofoa Lieut. Hayward
+recognized some of those who attacked Bligh's boat four days after the
+mutiny, and murdered Quartermaster Norton, but solicitude for the crew of
+the tender, which might call there, prevented Edwards from punishing them
+as they deserved. No doubt, both at Tofoa and Namuka, the natives would
+have attempted to take the ship had they thought success possible as, we
+now know, they had planned to capture Cook's ships, and as they actually
+did capture the privateer _Port-au-Prince_ in 1806 at Haapai. In 1808
+William Mariner, one of the survivors of that ill-fated ship, who has
+left behind him the best account of a native race that exists probably in
+any language, was led by the strange native account of Norton's murder,
+to visit his grave. The natives asserted that Norton was killed by a
+carpenter for the sake of an axe which he was carrying; that his body was
+stripped and dragged some distance inland to a _Malae_ where it lay
+exposed for three days before burial; and that the grass had never since
+grown upon the track of the body nor upon its resting-place on the
+_Malae_. Mariner found a bare track leading inland from the beach and
+terminating in a bare patch, lying transversely, about the length and
+breadth of a man. It did not appear to be a beaten path, nor were there
+people enough in the neighbourhood to make such a path. Probably it was
+an old track, long disused and forgotten, for by such natural causes is
+man's belief in the supernatural fed.
+
+[55-1] The Vavau Group, called by the natives Haafuluhao, which then as
+now, owed spiritual allegiance to Tonga.
+
+[55-2] Manua, the most Easterly of the Samoa Group, called Opoun by La
+Perouse.
+
+[55-3] Tutuila, discovered by Roggewein in 1721, visited by Bougainville
+4th May, 1768, and by La Perouse 10th December, 1787. On the day before
+his murder by the natives, Comte de Langle, La Perouse's second in
+command, discovered Pangopango harbour while on a walk through the
+island, but neither Bougainville nor La Perouse seems to have discerned
+the masked fissure in the cliff which forms its entrance. Edwards must
+have had a copy of Bougainville on board, but no record of La Perouse's
+visit four years before, or he would have shown greater caution in
+communicating with the natives. That he had heard something of La
+Perouse's voyage, and had some ground for suspicion is shown by Hamilton.
+A detailed account of de Langle's murder is to be found in "La Perouse's
+Voyage," vol. ii.
+
+[56-1] Vavau.
+
+[57-1] He might have added "in the Pacific," for it is a magnificent
+land-locked harbour, a little narrow for sailing ships to beat out of in
+a southerly wind, but excellent for steamships.
+
+[57-2] This was Finau Ulukalala, one of the most notable men in Tongan
+history. He had just succeeded his elder brother, the Finau (Feenow) of
+Captain Cook's visit in 1777. On April 21st, 1799, he conspired against
+Tukuaho, the temporal sovereign of Tonga and assassinated him, plunging
+Tonga into a civil anarchy which lasted twenty years. He was Mariner's
+patron and protector until his death in 1809. "The great master of Greek
+drama," says a writer in the "Quarterly Review," "could have desired no
+better elements than are to be found in the history of this remarkable
+man; his remorseless ambition and his natural affections--his contempt
+for the fables and ceremonies of his country when in prosperity--his
+patient submission to them when in distress--his strong intellects--his
+evil deeds--and the death which was believed to be inflicted on him in
+vengeance by the over-ruling divinities whom he defied."
+
+[58-1] Hunga.
+
+[58-2] Niuababu.
+
+[58-3] Falevai.
+
+[58-4] Fonua Lei (Land of Whales' teeth).
+
+[58-5] Late.
+
+[58-6] Toku.
+
+[58-7] These islands had already been twice visited and named, and Cook,
+though he did not visit them, gives all their native names in his list of
+the islands composing the Friendly or Tonga Group. The honour of their
+discovery belongs to the Spanish pilot Maurelle, who sailed from Manila
+in 1781, without proper charts or instruments and almost without
+provisions for his long voyage to America. Reduced to desperate straits
+by famine, he sighted Fonua Lei, the northernmost of the Tonga Group,
+which he called Margoura, believing it to be one of the Solomon Islands.
+At Vavau he was liberally entertained by Bau or Poulaho, the Tui Tonga of
+Cook's visit four years before. La Perouse passed close to the islands in
+December, 1787, but, consistent with his determination to hold no further
+intercourse with natives after the murder of M. de Langle, did not enter
+the harbour of Neiafu. Edwards had no account of either of these voyages.
+La Perouse's journals were not published until 1797.
+
+Fonua Lei was again destroyed by an eruption in 1846. The inhabitants who
+had plantations on it were removed to Vavau just in time.
+
+[59-1] There is only one. It was so named by Tasman 1642. Maurelle called
+it Sola. But Edwards probably mistook the twin islets of Hunga Tonga and
+Hunga Haapai for Pylstaart.
+
+[62-1] Niua-fo'ou (New Niua), discovered by W. Cornelis Schouten in the
+Dutch ship _Eendracht_ (Unity) on May 14th, 1616, and named by him "Good
+Hope" Island. Twelve canoes came off, and some of them attempted to take
+the boat that he had sent ashore for water, but desisted on discharge of
+a volley which killed two men. He wrote: "The island was full of black
+cliffs, green on the top, and black, and was full of coco-trees and black
+earth. There was a large village, and several other houses on the
+seashore: the land was undulating, but not very high." No ship is known
+to have visited the island from 1614 to this visit in 1791.
+
+The cocoanuts grown here are the largest in the world, but the specimens
+planted in other islands do not appear to maintain their abnormal size.
+The island is further remarkable from the fact that the Megapodius, or
+Scrub hen, is plentiful there, and nowhere else in the Pacific further
+east than the New Hebrides. The natives have no traditions of its
+introduction. The eggs have been prized as a delicacy in Tonga for
+centuries, and are exported thither by every canoe going southward during
+the breeding season. It is said that they are sometimes hatched
+artificially, but the young _malao_ does not take kindly to the bush in
+Tonga, although the vegetation is much the same. Why should the bird be
+found in Polynesia, having skipped all the intermediate islands of
+Melanesia? To what story of the migration of races is it the only clue?
+
+[63-1] Niuatobutabu, like Niuafoou, subject to the King of Tonga.
+
+[63-2] Uea, discovered by Wallis in 1767, and visited by Maurelle on
+April 22nd, 1781. It has 3000 inhabitants who are said by the French
+missionaries to be increasing. Uea is nominally independent under its own
+queen, but the French priests wield the real power in so spirited a
+fashion that the natives frequently attempt to escape from the island as
+stowaways.
+
+[64-1] Mourning for the death of a chief or near relation.
+
+[65-1] This confirms the story of Kau Moala, a Tongan navigator, who
+returned to his native land in 1807 and related his adventures to
+Mariner. He had visited Futuna, Rotuma and Fiji in a double canoe, and,
+in describing Rotuma, he related the legend of two giants who had
+migrated from Tonga to Rotuma in legendary times. He was shown gigantic
+bones in proof of the story, the bones, no doubt, of some marine monster.
+Mention is made of Rotuma in a Tongan saga of the early sixteenth
+century, and there can be no doubt that there was occasional intercourse
+between these distant islands during the period when the Tongans were the
+Norsemen of the Pacific.
+
+Kau Moala heard nothing of Edwards' visit, though he brought news of the
+visit of a ship to Futuna, and of an ineffectual attempt to take
+her--perhaps the visit of Schouten, whose account of the affray tallies
+closely with theirs even to the killing of six natives. The tradition was
+still fresh after 190 years. Edwards' visit, having brought no disasters
+on the natives, escaped the attention of the native poets and was
+forgotten.
+
+[67-1] Native name Fataka. The Russian Captain Kroutcheff, who landed
+upon it in 1822, found it uninhabited.
+
+[67-2] Kroutcheff placed it 41 minutes further west.
+
+[68-1] This was Vanikoro in the Santa Cruz Group. It was probably seen by
+Mendana in 1595, and again by Carteret in 1767, but the interest attached
+to it by Europeans, and particularly to Edwards' visit, lies in the
+undoubted fact that at that very time there were survivors of La
+Perouse's ill-fated expedition upon it. If his search for the mutineers
+had been as keen at this part of his voyage as it was in the earlier
+portion, he would have been the means of rescuing them. The smoke he saw
+may well have been signal fires lighted by the castaways to attract his
+attention.
+
+La Perouse's ships were cast away in 1788, just three years before,
+shortly after the Commander had delivered his journals to Governor
+Phillip in Botany Bay for transmission to Europe. Their fate was unknown
+until Peter Dillon chanced upon a French swordhilt in Tucopia
+thirty-eight years later in 1826. Satisfying himself that they had been
+brought from Vanikoro, he persuaded the East India Company to place him
+in command of a search expedition. In 1827 he made a thorough examination
+of the island, and found the remains of the _Boussole_; the _Astrolabe_,
+according to the native account, having foundered in deep water. He found
+the clearing where the survivors had felled timber to build themselves a
+brig in which they sailed to meet a second shipwreck elsewhere, perhaps
+on the Great Barrier reef of Queensland. But two had been left, and of
+these one had died shortly before his visit, and the other had gone with
+the natives to another island leaving no trace behind him.
+
+D'Entrecasteaux, when in search of La Perouse in 1793, also passed within
+sight of the castaways.
+
+D'Urville made a thorough examination of the island both in 1828 and
+1838. The relics brought home by Dillon may be seen in the Gallerie de la
+Marine in the Louvre.
+
+[69-1] This was the dangerous reef now known as Indispensable Reef, after
+the ship _Indispensable_ commanded by Captain Wilkinson, who discovered
+it in 1790.
+
+[69-2] It was, in fact, the mainland of New Guinea. The land East of Cape
+Rodney, comprising Orangerie, Table, and Cloudy Bays, lies so low and is
+so generally obscured with haze that on a dull day Edwards would not have
+seen it.
+
+It is doubtful whether Edwards' Capes Rodney and Hood, are correctly
+placed in the modern charts. Our Cape Rodney is not a conspicuous
+headland, and it lies half a degree eastward of 212.14 W. Longitude, and
+9' South of 10^{6}.3 deg. S. Latitude. Edwards' positions are usually so
+accurate that I cannot see why they should have been departed from. Our
+Cape Hood, on the other hand, is exactly in the position of his Cape
+Rodney, and is besides a very conspicuous wooded tongue of land. Beyond
+is another conspicuous point. Round Head, which corresponds in position
+with Edwards' Cape Hood. Mount Clarence, moreover, would not appear to
+lie between Capes Rodney and Hood until the former was out of sight
+astern. I think that Mount Clarence must have been hidden by clouds, and
+that Edwards' Mount Clarence was in reality the high cone in the Saroa
+district, which is a conspicuous feature on the coast line. A further
+indication that the day was hazy lies in the fact that Edwards did not
+see the great Owen Stanley Range which towers up 13,000 feet behind. Had
+he done so he would not have mistaken the mainland for a group of
+scattered islands. Hamilton does not call Mount Clarence an "island," but
+a "mountain." A further proof that Edwards' "Cape Hood" was Round Head is
+found in the remark "After passing Cape Hood the land appears lower, and
+to branch off about N.N.W., . . . for we saw no other land." This applies
+to Round Head, and to no other part of the coast.
+
+[70-1] If he had kept this course he would have struck the New Guinea
+Coast again a little East of the Maikasa River.
+
+[70-2] East Bay.
+
+[71-1] It is difficult to understand how Edwards failed to see Flinders
+Passage, which, while not free from obstructions to the westward, would
+have admitted him to a safe anchorage at the Murray Islands, inside the
+Barrier Reef.
+
+[71-2] It was an unfortunate choice. Had he steered north on first
+encountering the reefs he would have made the coast which he might have
+followed in safety, as Bligh did in his boat voyage after the mutiny, by
+what is now known as the Great North-East Channel. He was led Southward
+by his plan of using the Endeavour Straits. See Hamilton's account, pp.
+141-2.
+
+[73-1] Two men were crushed to death; one by a gun that had broken loose,
+and the other by a falling spar. The whole ship's company seems to have
+behaved splendidly, working at the pumps and at the sail they were
+preparing to haul under the ship's bottom until they could scarcely stand
+for fatigue, with nothing to replenish their strength but "a cask of
+excellent strong ale which we brewed at Anamooka" (Hamilton).
+
+[73-2] Every reader must be struck by the fact that in his description of
+this disaster, Edwards never once speaks of the prisoners. Hamilton, it
+is true, does say "The prisoners were ordered to be let out of irons,"
+but another account, ascribed to Lieutenant Corner, second lieutenant of
+the _Pandora_, throws a sinister light on this part of the narrative.
+"Three of the _Bounty's_ people, Coleman, Norman, and M'Intosh, were now
+let out of irons, and sent to work at the pumps. The others offered their
+assistance, and begged to be allowed a chance of saving their lives;
+instead of which, two additional sentinels were placed over them, with
+orders to shoot any who should attempt to get rid of their fetters.
+Seeing no prospect of escape, they betook themselves to prayer, and
+prepared to meet their fate, everyone expecting that the ship would soon
+go to pieces, her rudder and part of the sternpost being already beat
+away. No notice was taken of the prisoners, as is falsely stated by the
+author of the 'Pandora's Voyage,' although Captain Edwards was entreated
+by Mr. Heywood to have mercy upon them, when he passed over their prison
+to make his own escape, the ship then lying on her broadside, with the
+larboard bow completely under water. Fortunately the master-at-arms,
+either by accident or design, when slipping from the roof of 'Pandora's
+Box' into the sea, let the keys of the irons fall through the scuttle or
+entrance, which he had just before opened, and thus enabled them to
+commence their own liberation, in which they were generously assisted, at
+the imminent risk of his own life, by William Moulter, a boatswain's mate
+who clung to the coamings, and pulled the long bars through the shackles,
+saying he would set them free, or go to the bottom with them. Scarcely
+was this effected when the ship went down. The master-at-arms and all the
+sentinels sunk to rise no more. Among the drowned were Mr. Stewart, John
+Sumner, Richard Skinner, and Henry Hillbrandt, the whole of whom perished
+with their hands still in manacles."
+
+Some allowance is to be made both for the confusion of a shipwreck, and
+for the natural fear of the commander that in the loosening of the ties
+of authority natural to such a moment, the liberation among his crew of a
+number of men who had already mutinied successfully, and were going home
+with a rope about their necks, would be an act of merciful folly. This,
+however, does not excuse him for refusing his prisoners the shelter of an
+old sail on the sand cay, and so obliging them to get shelter from the
+sun by burying themselves neck-deep in the sand, as Heywood afterwards
+stated. Heywood further asserted that after the vessel struck the
+prisoners, having wrenched themselves out of their irons, implored
+Edwards to let them out of "Pandora's Box," but that he had them all
+ironed again.
+
+[74-1] In his evidence before the court-martial Edwards said: "The double
+canoe, that was able to support a considerable number of men, broke
+adrift with only one man, and was bulged upon a reef, and afforded us no
+help when she was so much wanted."
+
+[74-2] Hamilton says 34.
+
+[75-1] Each boat was supplied with the latitude and longitude of Timor,
+1100 miles distant. As soon as they embarked the oars were laid athwart
+the boat so that they could stow two tiers of men. The men were
+distributed as follows:
+
+_Pinnace_--Capt. Edwards; Lieut. Hayward; Rickards, Master's Mate;
+Packer, Gunner; Edmonds, Captain's Clerk; 3 prisoners, 16 privates.
+
+_Red Yawl_--Lieut. Larkan; Surgeon Hamilton; Reynolds, Master's Mate;
+Matson, Midshipman; 2 prisoners; 18 privates.
+
+_Launch_--Lieutenant Corner; Bentham, Purser; Montgomery; Carpen Bowling,
+Master's Mate; Mackendrick, Midshipman; 2 prisoners; 24 privates.
+
+_Blue Yawl_--George Passmore, Master; Cunningham, Boatswain; Innes,
+Surgeon's Mate; Fenwick, Midshipman; Pycroft, Midshipman; 3 prisoners; 15
+privates.
+
+[77-1] Tree Island.
+
+[77-2] Now called Prince of Wales' Channel or Flinders Channel. It is the
+best Channel through Torres Straits, and, if Edwards' narrative had been
+published his discovery would doubtless have been perpetuated in his
+name.
+
+[77-3] Horn Island.
+
+[77-4] Dingoes.
+
+[77-5] North West Reef.
+
+[78-1] Like Bligh's men, they wetted their shirts in salt water to cool
+themselves by evaporation, but found that the absorption through the skin
+tainted the fluids of the body with salt so that the saliva became
+intolerable in the mouth. The young bore the want of water better than
+the old, but all alike became excessively irritable.
+
+[80-1] This hospitality was not extended to the prisoners, who were
+confined in irons in the castle, and fed on bad provisions. But on the
+passage to Batavia in the _Rembang_ they had worse in store, for the ship
+was partially dismasted in a cyclone, and would certainly have gone
+ashore but for the exertions of the English passengers. The prisoners
+took their turn at the pumps with the rest, and when their strength gave
+out, they were put in irons and allowed to rest upon a wet sail soaked
+with the drainings of a pig-stye under which it was spread. At Batavia
+Edwards distributed the purchase-money of the tender among his people to
+enable them to buy clothes, and the prisoners, having their hands at
+liberty, made suits and hats for the _Pandora's_ crew, and so were able
+to buy clothes of their own.
+
+
+
+
+A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD.[91-1]
+
+BY GEORGE HAMILTON, SURGEON OF THE _PANDORA_.
+
+
+GOVERNMENT having resolved to bring to punishment the mutineers of His
+Majesty's late ship _Bounty_, and to survey the Straits of Endeavour, to
+facilitate a passage to Botany Bay, on the 10th of August 1790, appointed
+Captain Edward Edwards to put in commission at Chatham, and take command
+of the _Pandora_ Frigate of twenty-four guns, and a hundred and sixty
+men.
+
+A great naval armament then equipping retarded our progress, and
+prevented that particular attention to the choice of men which their
+Lordships so much wished; as contagion here crept amongst us from
+infected clothing, the fatal effects of which we discovered, and severely
+experienced, in the commencement of the voyage.
+
+Every thing necessary being completed, and an additional complement of
+naval stores, received for the refitment of the _Bounty_; dropped down to
+Sheerness, saluted Admiral Dalrymple, payed the same compliments to Sir
+Richard King, in passing the Downs, arrived at Portsmouth, and found
+there Lord Howe with the Union Flag at the main, and the proudest navy
+that ever graced the British seas under his command.
+
+Here the officers and men received six months pay in advance, and after
+receiving their final orders, got the time-keeper on board, weighed
+anchor, and proceeded to sea.
+
+As the white cliffs of Albion receded from our view alternate hopes and
+fears took possession of our minds, wafting the last kind adieu to our
+native soil.
+
+We pursued our voyage with a favourable breeze; but _Pandora_ now seemed
+inclined to shed her baneful influence among us, and a malignant fever
+threatened much havoc, as in a few days thirty-five men were confined to
+their beds, and unfortunately Mr. Innes, the Surgeon's only mate, was
+among the first taken ill; what rendered our situation still more
+distressing, was the crowded state of the ship being filled to the
+hatchways with stores and provisions, for, like weevils, we had to eat a
+hole in our bread, before we had a place to lay down in; every officer's
+cabin, the Captain's not excepted, being filled with provisions and
+stores. Our sufferings were much encreased, for want of room to
+accommodate our sick, notwithstanding every effort of the Captain that
+humanity could suggest.
+
+In this sickly lumbered state, near the latitude of Madeira, we observed
+a sail bearing down upon us: from her appearance and manoeuvres, we had
+every reason to believe she was a ship of war; and a rumour of a Spanish
+war prevailing when we left England, rendered it necessary to clear ship
+for action; as soon as our guns were run out, and all hands at quarters,
+got along side of her, when she proved His Majesty's Ship, _Shark_, sent
+out with orders of recall to Admiral Cornish, who had sailed for the West
+Indies a few days before we left Spithead.
+
+This little disaster deranged us much, having at the same time bad
+weather, attended with heavy thunder squals. The Peek of Teneriff now
+began to shew his venerable crest, towering above the clouds; and in two
+days more came to an anchor in the road of Santa Cruz, but did not
+salute, as the Commandant had not authority to return it.
+
+Immediately on our arrival we were boarded by the Port-master, by whom we
+learnt they had been in much apprehension of a disagreeable visit from
+the English, but were happy to hear that matters were amicably settled
+between the Courts of Madrid and St. James's.
+
+With respect to site nothing can be more beautifully picturesque than the
+town of Santa Cruz. It stands in the centre of a spacious bay, on a
+gentle acclivity surrounded with retiring hills, and the noble promontory
+of the Peek rising majestically behind it, dignifies the scene beyond
+description, being continually diversified with every vicissitude of the
+surrounding atmosphere, emerging and retiring thro' the fleecy clouds,
+from the bottom of the mountain to its summit.
+
+All the circumjacent hills on the margin of the beach are tufted with
+little forts, and barbett batteries, forming an Esplanade round the bay,
+affords a most agreeable landscape. The houses being all painted white,
+pretty regularly built, and standing on a rising ground, raises one
+street above another, and heightens the scene from the water; to which
+the Governor's garden contributes much to beautify the town.
+
+In the centre of the principal square, is a well built fountain,
+continually playing, which, in a warm climate, has a desirable cooling
+effect. There is but one church, which contains a few indifferent
+paintings.
+
+The inhabitants are civil, but reserved, and the inquisition being on the
+island, spreads a gloomy distrust on the countenance of the people.
+
+The troops are miserably cloathed, and poverty and superstition lord it
+wide. The wines of this place, from a late improvement in the vines, are
+equal to the second kind of Madeira, and I cannot pass over this subject
+without making honourable mention of the candour of Mr. Rooney our wine
+merchant.
+
+Here we completed our water from an acqueduct admirably constructed for
+the convenience of the shipping, and after receiving on board lemons,
+oranges, pomegranates, and bananas, with every variety of fruits and
+other refreshments with which this island most plentifully abounds,
+proceeded again on our voyage.
+
+The fever that prevailed on our leaving England became now pretty
+general, and almost every man had it in turn, and as we approached the
+line many of the convalescents had a relapse, but the Lords of the
+Admirality, previous to our sailing, had supplied us with such unbounded
+liberality in every thing necessary for the preservation of the seamens'
+health, that I may venture to say many lives were saved from their
+bounty, and I should be wanting in my duty to their Lordships, as well as
+the community, was I to pass over in silence the uncommon good effects we
+experienced from supplying the sick and convalescent with tea and sugar;
+this being the first time it has ever been introduced into his Majesty's
+service; but it is an article in life that has crept into such universal
+use, in all orders of society, that it needs no comment of mine to
+recommend it. It may, however, be easily conceived that it will be sought
+with more avidity by those whose aliment consists chiefly in animal food,
+and that always salt, and often of the worst kind. Their bread too is
+generally mixed with oatmeal, and of a hot drying nature. Scarcity of
+water is a calamity to which seafaring people are always subject; and it
+is an established fact, that a pint of tea will satiate thirst more than
+a quart of water. But when sickness takes place, a loathing of all animal
+food follows; then tea becomes their sole existence, and that which can
+be conveyed to them as natural food will be taken with pleasure, when
+any slip slop, given as drink, will be rejected with disgust. Suffice it
+to say, that Quarter-masters, and real good seamen have ever been
+observed to be regular in cooking their little pot of tea or coffee, and
+in America seamen going long voyages, always make it an article in their
+agreement to be supplied with tea and sugar.
+
+The air now becoming intolerably hot, and to evacuate the foul air from
+below where the people slept, had recourse to Mr. White's new ventilator,
+but found little benefit from it; not from any fault in the machine, but
+from the crowded state of the ship, it was impossible to throw a current
+of air into those places where it was most wanted, but by the addition of
+a flexible leather tube, like a water engine, it might be rendered of the
+utmost importance to the service, as in tenders' press-holds, and in
+line-of-battle ships at sea, when the lower deck ports cannot be opened;
+where often the jail fever, and all the calamities that attend human
+nature in crowded situations, are engendered, that might be entirely
+obviated by Mr. White's ingenious machine. I should beg to recommend
+wheels to be substituted for legs to it, for its easier conveyance from
+one part of the ship to the other, and that he would sacrifice beauty to
+strength, as a slight mahogany jim crack is not well calculated to the
+severity of heat we are exposed to, in climates where it is most wanted.
+
+There were now many water spouts about the ship, at which we fired
+several guns: the thermometer fluctuated between seventy-nine and eighty,
+and without any thing worthy of remark, in the common occurrence of
+things at sea, on the twenty-eight of December saw the land of the
+Brazils, and in two days saluted the fort at Rio Janiero with fifteen
+guns, which was immediately returned.
+
+On our coming to anchor, an officer came to acquaint the Captain, that a
+party of soldiers should be sent on board of us, agreeable to their
+custom, which was most peremptorily denied as inadmissable with the
+dignity of the British flag, nor would Captain Edwards go on shore to pay
+his respects to the Vice Roy, till that etiquete was settled, that his
+boat should not be boarded.
+
+After the usual compliments were paid the Vice Roy, his suit of carriages
+were ordered to attend the British officers, and Monsieur le Font, the
+Surgeon-General, who spoke English with ease and fluency, shewed us every
+mark of politeness and attention on the occasion, in carrying us through
+the principal streets, then visited the public gardens, built by the late
+Vice Roy, and laid out with much taste and expence. All the extremity of
+the garden is a fine terrace which commands a view of the water, and is
+frequented by people of fashion, as their Grand Mall: at each end of the
+terrace there is an octagonal built room, superbly furnished, where
+merendas[96-1] are sometimes given. On the pannels are painted the
+various productions and commerce of South America, representing the
+diamond fishery, the process of the indigo trade. The rice grounds and
+harvest, sugar plantation, South Sea whale fishery, &c. these were
+interspersed with views of the country, and the quadrupedes that inhabit
+those parts. The ceilings contained all the variety, the one of the fish,
+the other of the fowl of that continent. The copartments of the ceiling
+of the one room was enriched in shell work, with all the variegated
+shells of that country, and in the copartments are delineated all the
+variety of fish that the coast of South America produces. The other
+copartment is enriched with feathers and so inimitably blended as to
+produce the happiest effect. In this ceiling is painted all the birds
+and fowls of the country, in all their splendid elegance of plumage. The
+sofas and furniture are rich in the extreme: and in this elegant recess,
+an idle traveller may have an agreeable lounge, and at one view
+comprehend the whole natural history of this vast continent. In the
+centre of the terrace there is a Jet d'eau, in form of a large palm-tree,
+made of copper, which at pleasure may be made to spout water from the
+extremity of all the leaves. This tree stands on a well disposed grotto,
+which rises from the gravel walk below to the level of the terrace, and
+terminates the view of the principal walk. Near the foot of the grotto
+two large aligators, made of copper, are continually discharging water
+into a handsome bason of white marble, filled with gold and silver
+fishes.
+
+There are fine orangeries, and lofty covered arbours in different parts
+of the garden, capable of containing a thousand people. Here the cyprian
+nymphs hold their nocturnal revels; but intrigue is attended with great
+danger, as the stilletto is in general use, and assassination frequent,
+the men being of a jealous sanguinary turn, and the women fond of
+gallantry, who never appear in public unveiled. When Bougainville, the
+French circumnavigator called here, his chaplain was assassinated in an
+affray of that kind; but since that accident, orders were given that a
+commissioned officer should attend all foreign officers, and a soldier
+the privates; and all strangers, on landing, are conducted to the main
+guard for their escort. This answers a double purpose, as they are much
+afraid of strangers smuggling or carrying money out of the country, under
+the mask of personal protection, every motion is watched and scrutinized,
+nor can you purchase any thing of a merchant, till he has settled with
+the officer of the police how much he shall exact for his goods; so you
+have always the satisfaction of being rob'd as the act directs.
+
+The trade of this country is much cramped by the improper policy of the
+mother country; for although it abounds with every thing that the earth
+produces, wealth is far from being diffusive, and a spirit for revolt
+seems to prevail amongst them; but they were rather premature in
+business, a conspiracy being detected whilst we were there, many of the
+first people in the country thrown into dungeons, a strong guard put over
+them, and all intercourse denied them. But in order to check that spirit
+of rebellion among the colonists, a regiment of black slaves is now
+embodied, who will be very ready to bear arms against their oppressive
+masters; but should a revolution in South America take place, which
+sooner or later must eventually happen, some of our South Sea discoveries
+would then prove an advantageous situation for a little British colony.
+
+All public works are done here by slaves in chains, who perform a kind of
+plaintive melancholy dirge in recitative, to sooth their unavailing toil,
+which, with the accompanyment of the clanking of their irons, is the real
+voice of wo, and attunes the soul to sympathy and compassion, more than
+the most elaborate piece of music.
+
+The troops are remarkably well cloathed, and in fine order, both infantry
+and cavalry; the horses are small, but spirited, and tournaments
+frequently performed as the favourite amusement of the inhabitants, at
+which the cavaliers display a wonderful share of address.
+
+The town is large, built of stone, and the streets very regular; there
+are several handsome churches, monasteries, and nunneries, and contains
+about forty thousand inhabitants; but, like the old town of Edinburgh,
+each floor contains a distinct family, and of course liable to the same
+inconveniencies, cleanliness being none of its most shining virtues.
+
+The officers of the army shewed us uncommon kindness, and made us some
+presents of red bird skins for the savages we were going amongst.
+
+I cannot, in words, bestow sufficient panegyric on the laudable exertions
+of my worthy messmates, Lieutenants Corner and Hayward, for their
+unremitting zeal in procuring and nursing such plants as might be useful
+at Otaheitee or the islands we might discover.
+
+We now took leave of our friends here, and it was with some regret, as it
+was bidding adieu to civilized life, for a very undetermined space of
+time. Lieutenant Hayward having finished his astronomical observations on
+shore, came on board with the time-keeper and instruments, and again
+proceeded on our voyage, on the morning of January 8, 1791. In running
+down the coast of the Brazils, saw several spermacaeti whales, and vessels
+employed on that fishery. Could it have been accomplished in the month of
+January, it was intended to take in a supply of water at New-Year's
+harbour, but the season was too far advanced. The weather now became
+cold, and the health of the people mended apace: passed by the straits of
+Magellan, and on the 31st of January saw Cape St. Juan, Staten Island,
+and New-Year's Island. The thermometer was at 48 degrees. We were
+fortunate enough to weather the tempestuous regions of Cape Horn, without
+any thing remarkable happening, although late in the season.
+
+The weather, as we advanced, became now exceedingly pleasant, and the
+many good things with which we were supplied, began to have a wonderful
+good effect on the strength of our convalescents. I here beg the reader's
+indulgence for a small digression on the health of the seamen, as it is a
+subject of much national importance, and those voyages the only test of
+what is found to succeed best, my duty leads me to the attempt, however
+unequal to the task:
+
+It may be remarked, the sour Crout kept during the voyage, in the highest
+perfection, and was often eat as a sallad with vinegar, in preference to
+recent, cut vegetables from the shore. A cask of this grand antiscorbutic
+was kept open for the crew to eat as much of as they pleased; and I will
+venture to affirm, that it will answer every purpose that can be expected
+from the vegetable kingdom.
+
+The Essence of Malt afforded a most delightful beverage, and, with the
+addition of a little hops, in the warmest climates, made as good strong
+beer as we could in England. We were likewise supplied with malt in
+grain, but should prefer the essence, as it is less liable to decay, and
+stows in much less room, which is a very valuable consideration in long
+voyages.
+
+Cocoa we found great benefit from; it is much relished by the men, stows
+in little room, and affords great nourishment. At the close of the war in
+1783, in the West Indies, men that had been the whole war on salt
+provisions, from a liberal use of the cocoa, got fat and strong, and in
+the _Agamemnon_ we had five hundred men who had served most of the war on
+salt provisions; but after the cocoa was introduced, we had not a sick
+man on board till the day she was paid off. Indeed it is the only article
+of nourishment in sea victualling; for what can in reason be expected
+from beef or pork after it has been salted a year or two?
+
+Wheat we found answer extremely well, rough ground in a mill occasionally
+as we wanted it, and with the addition of a little brown sugar, it made a
+pleasant nourishing diet, of which the men were extremely fond. Another
+great advantage attending it, that it does not require half the quantity
+of water that pease do.
+
+Soft bread was found extremely beneficial to the sick and convalescent,
+and we availed ourselves of every opportunity of baking for half the
+complement at a time. As the flour keeps so much longer sound than
+biscuit, it may be needless to remark its superior advantages; besides,
+it is not liable to be damaged by water or otherwise, so much as bread,
+as a crust forms outside, which protects the rest. In point of stowage it
+likewise is preferable.
+
+As the fate of every expedition of this kind depends much on the exertion
+of the subordinate departments of office, the thanks of every individual
+in the _Pandora_ is due to Mr. Cherry, for his uncommon attention to the
+victualling.
+
+The dividing the people into three watches had a double good effect as it
+gave them longer time to sleep, and dry themselves before they turned in;
+and as most of our crew consisted of landsmen, the fewer people being on
+deck at a time, rendered it necessary to exert themselves more in
+learning their duty.
+
+The air became now temperate, mild, and agreeable; but unfortunately we
+sprung a leak in the after part of the ship, which reached the bread
+room, and damaged much of it, as one thousand five hundred and fifteen
+pounds were thrown over-board, and a great deal much injured, that we
+kept for feeding the cattle. Many blue Peterals were seen flying about,
+and on the 4th of March saw Easter Island. We now set the forge to work,
+and the armourers were busily employed in making knives and iron work to
+trade with the savages. On the 16th we discovered a Lagoon Island of
+about three or four miles extent; it was well wooded, but had no
+inhabitants, and was named Ducie's Island, in honour of Lord Ducie.
+
+On the 17th we discovered another Island, about five or six miles long,
+with a great many trees on it, but was not inhabited: this was called
+Lord Hood's Island.
+
+On the 19th we discovered an Island of the same description as the
+former, which was named Carrisfort Island, in honour of Lord Carrisfort.
+
+On the 22nd passed Maitea, and on the morning of the 23rd of March
+anchored in Matavy bay, in the Island of Otaheitee. In the dawn of the
+morning, a native immediately on seeing us, paddled off in his canoe, and
+came on board, who shewed expressions of joy to a degree of madness, on
+embracing and saluting us, by whom we learnt that several of the
+mutineers were on the island; but that Mr. Christian and nine men had
+left Otaheitee long since in the _Bounty_, and amused the natives, by
+telling them Captain Bligh had gone to settle at Whytutakee, and that
+Captain Cook was living there. Language cannot express his surprise on
+Lieutenant Hayward's being introduced to him, who had been purposely
+concealed.
+
+At eleven in the forenoon the Launch and Pinnance was dispatched with
+Lieutenants Corner and Hayward and twenty-six men, to the north west part
+of the island, in quest of mutineers. Immediately on our arrival, Joseph
+Coleman, the armourer of the _Bounty_, came on board, and a little after
+the two midshipmen belonging to the _Bounty_; at three Richard Skinner
+came off, and on the 25th the boats returned, after chasing the mutineers
+on shore, and taking possession of their boat. As they had taken to the
+heights, and claimed the protection of Tamarrah, a great chief in Papara,
+who was the proper king of Otaheitee, the present family of Ottoo being
+usurpers, and who intended, had we not arrived with the assistance of the
+_Bounty's_ people, to have disputed the point with Ottoo.
+
+On the twenty-seventh we sent the Pinnace with a present of a bottle of
+rum to king Ottoo, who was with his two queens at Tiaraboo, requesting
+the honour of his company, but the bottle of rum removed all scruples,
+and next day the royal family paid us a visit, and in his suit came
+Oedidy, a chief particularly noticed by Captain Cook.
+
+On the first visit they make it a point of honour of accepting of no
+present; but they make sufficient amends for that, by introducing a
+numerous train of dependents afterwards, to obtain presents.
+
+The King is a tall handsome looking man, about six feet three inches
+high, good natured, and affable in his manners. His principal queen,
+Edea, is a robust looking, course woman, about thirty, and was extremely
+solicitous in learning and adopting our customs, and on hearing our
+English ladies drank tea, became very fond of it. The other queen, or
+concubine, named Aeredy, is a pretty young creature, about sixteen years
+of age: they all three sleep together, and live in the most perfect
+harmony.
+
+A detachment of men were immediately ordered, under the command of
+Lieutenant Corner, to march across the country, and if possible to get
+between the mountains and the mutineers; this gentleman was extremely
+well calculated for an expedition of this kind, having, in the early part
+of his life, bore a commission in the land service, and next morning they
+landed on Point Venus, attended by the principal chiefs as conductors,
+and a number of the common people to assist in carrying the ammunition
+over the heights: what rendered their assistance more necessary, was
+their having to cross a rapid cataract, or river, which came down from
+the mountains, and formed so many curves. They had to ford it sixteen
+times in the course of their journey, which gave evident proofs of the
+superior strength of the natives over the English seamen. The former went
+over with ease, where the sailors could not stem the rapidity of the
+torrent without their help. They were, however, forced to send to the
+ship for ropes and tackles to gain some heights which were otherwise
+inaccessible.
+
+On the party coming to a rest, the Lieutenant expressed a wish to one of
+the natives for something to eat, who told him he might be supplied with
+plenty of victuals ready dressed; he immediately ran to a temple, or
+place of worship, where meat was regularly served to their god, and came
+running with a roasted pig, that had been presented that day. This
+striking instance of impiety rather startled the Lieutenant, which the
+other easily got over, by saying there was more left than the god could
+eat.
+
+It was with much difficulty they could restrain the natives from
+committing depredations on the Cava grounds of the upper districts, as
+they were on the eve of a war with them respecting the hereditary right
+of the crown.
+
+The party now arrived at the residence of a great chief, who received
+them with much hospitality and kindness; and after refreshing them with
+plenty of meat and drink, carried the officer to visit the Morai of the
+dead chief, his father. Mr. Corner judging it necessary, by every mark of
+attention, to gain the good graces of this great man, ordered his party
+to draw up, and fire three vollies over the deceased, who was brought out
+in his best new cloaths, on the occasion; but the burning cartridge from
+one of the muskets, unfortunately set fire to the paper cloaths of the
+dead chief. This unlucky disaster threw the son into the greatest
+perplexity, as agreeable to their laws, should the corpse of his father
+be stolen away, or otherwise destroyed, he forfeits his title and estate,
+and it descends to the next heir.
+
+There was at the same time a party embarked by water, under the command
+of Lieutenant Hayward, who took with him some of the principal chiefs,
+amongst whom was Oedidy, before mentioned by Captain Cook, who went a
+voyage with him, but fell into disrepute amongst them, from affirming he
+had seen water in a solid form; alluding to the ice. He also took with
+him one Brown, an Englishman, that had been left on shore by an American
+vessel that had called there, for being troublesome on board: but
+otherwise a keen, penetrating, active fellow, who rendered many eminent
+services, both in this expedition and the subsequent part of the voyage.
+He had lived upwards of twelve months amongst the natives, adopted
+perfectly their manners and customs, even to the eating of raw fish, and
+dipping his roast pork into a cocoa nut shell of salt water, according to
+their manner, as substitute for salt. He likewise avoided all intercourse
+and communication with the _Bounty's_ people, by which means necessity
+forced him to gain a pretty competent knowledge of their language; and
+from natural complexion was much darker than any of the natives.
+
+Captain Edwards had taken every possible means of gaining the friendship
+of Tamarrah, the great prince of the upper district, by sending him very
+liberal presents, which effectually brought him over to our interest. The
+mutineers were now cut off from every hope of resource; the natives were
+harrassing them behind, and Mr. Hayward and his party advancing in front;
+under cover of night they had taken shelter in a hut in the woods, but
+were discovered by Brown, who creeping up to the place where they were
+asleep, distinguished them from the natives by feeling their toes; as
+people unaccustomed to wear shoes are easily discovered from the spread
+of their toes. Next day Mr. Hayward attacked them, but they grounded
+their arms without opposition; their hands were bound behind their back
+and sent down to the boat under a strong guard.
+
+During the whole business there was only two natives killed; one was shot
+in the dusk of the evening, two nights before the people surrendered, by
+one of the centinels, who had his musket twice beat out of his hand from
+the natives pelting our party with large stones; but the instant he was
+shot, some of his friends rushed in and carried off the corpse.
+
+The other native was shot by the mutineers; when attacked by the natives
+they took to a river; a stone being thrown by one of the natives at the
+wife, or woman, of one of the mutineers, enraged him so much, that he
+immediately shot the offender.
+
+A prison was built for their accommodation on the quarter deck, that they
+might be secure, and apart from our ship's company; and that it might
+have every advantage of a free circulation of air, which rendered it the
+most desirable place in the ship. Orders were likewise given that they
+should be victualled, in every respect in the same as the ship's company,
+both in meat, liquor, and all the extra indulgencies with which we were
+so liberally supplied, notwithstanding the established laws of the
+service, which restricts prisoners to two-thirds allowance: but Captain
+Edwards very humanely commiserated with their unhappy and inevitable
+length of confinement. Oripai, the king's brother, a discerning,
+sensible, and intelligent chief, discovered a conspiracy amongst the
+natives on shore to cut our cables should it come to blow hard from the
+sea. This was more to be dreaded, as many of the prisoners were married
+to the most respectable chiefs' daughters in the district opposite to
+where we lay at anchor; in particular one, who took the name of Stewart,
+a man of great possession in landed property, near Matavy Bay: a
+gentleman of that name belonging to the _Bounty_ having married his
+daughter, and he, as his friend and father-in law, agreeable to their
+custom, took his name.
+
+Ottoo the king, his two brothers, and all the principal chiefs, appeared
+extremely anxious for our safety; and after the prisoners were on board,
+kept watch during the night; were always keeping a sharp look out upon
+our cables, and continually spurring the centinels to be careful in their
+duty. The prisoners' wives visited the ship daily and brought their
+children, who were permitted to be carried to their unhappy fathers. To
+see the poor captives in irons, weeping over their tender offspring, was
+too moving a scene for any feeling heart. Their wives brought them ample
+supplies of every delicacy that the country afforded while we lay there,
+and behaved with the greatest fidelity and affection to them.
+
+Next day the king, his two queens, and retinue, came on board to pay us a
+formal visit, preceded by a band of music. The ladies had about sixty or
+seventy yards of Otaheitee cloth wrapt round them, and were so bulky and
+unwieldy with it, they were obliged to be hoisted on board like horn
+cattle: hogs, cocoa-nuts, bananas, a rich sort of peach, and a variety of
+ready dressed puddings and victuals, composed their present to the
+Captain.
+
+As soon as they were on board, the Captain debarassoit the ladies, by
+rolling their linen round his middle; an indispensable ceremony here in
+receiving a present of cloth: and Medua, wife to Oripai, the king's
+brother, took a great liking to the Captain's laced coat, which he
+immediately put on her with much gallantry; and that beautiful princess
+seemed much elated with her new finery. I cannot ommit a circumstance of
+this lady's attachment to dress. There was a custom which had prevailed
+for a long time, to present the god with all red feathers that could be
+procured; but thinking she would become red feathers full as well as his
+godship, immediately employed all her domestics making them up into fly
+flaps, and other personal ornaments, to prevent the altar making a
+monopoly of all the good things, in this, as well as in other countries.
+
+A grand Haeva was next day ordered for our entertainment ashore, on Point
+Venus, and on our landing we were preceded by a band of music, and led to
+where the king and his levee were in waiting to receive us. The course
+was soon cleared by the chiefs, and the entertainment began by two men,
+who vied with each other in filthy lascivious attitudes, and frightful
+distortions of their mouths. These having performed their part, two
+ladies, pretty fancifully dressed, as described in Captain Cook's
+Voyages, were introduced after a little ceremony. Something resembling a
+turkey-cock's tail, and stuck on their rumps in a fan kind of fashion,
+about five feet in diameter, had a very good effect while the ladies kept
+their faces to us; but when in a bending attitude, they presented their
+rumps, to shew the wonderful agility of their loins; the effect is better
+conceived than described. After half an hour's hard exercise, the dear
+creatures had remuee themselves into a perfect fureur, and the piece
+concluded by the ladies exposing that which is better felt than seen;
+and, in that state of nature, walked from the bottom of the theatre to
+the top where we were sitting on the grass, till they approached just by
+us, and then we complimented them in bowing, with all the honours of war.
+
+These accomplishments are so much prized amongst them that girls come
+from the interior parts of the country to the court residence, for
+improvement in the Haeva, just as country gentlemen send their daughters
+to London boarding-schools.
+
+This may well be called the Cytheria of the southern hemisphere, not only
+from the beauty and elegance of the women, but their being so deeply
+versed in, and so passionately fond of the Eleusinian mysteries; and what
+poetic fiction has painted of Eden, or Arcadia, is here realized, where
+the earth without tillage produces both food and cloathing, the trees
+loaded with the richest of fruit, the carpet of nature spread with the
+most odoriferous flowers, and the fair ones ever willing to fill your
+arms with love.
+
+It affords a happy instance of contradicting an opinion propagated by
+philosophers of a less bountiful soil, who maintain that every virtuous
+or charitable act a man commits, is from selfish and interrested views.
+Here human nature appears in more amiable colours, and the soul of man,
+free from the gripping hand of want, acts with a liberality and bounty
+that does honour to his God.
+
+A native of this country divides every thing in common with his friend,
+and the extent of the word friend, by them, is only bounded by the
+universe, and was he reduced to his last morsel of bread, he cheerfully
+halves it with him; the next that comes has the same claim, if he wants
+it, and so in succession to the last mouthful he has. Rank makes no
+distinction in hospitality; for the king and beggar relieve each other in
+common.
+
+The English are allowed by the rest of the world, and I believe with some
+degree of justice, to be a generous, charitable people; but the
+Otaheiteans could not help bestowing the most contemptuous word in their
+language upon us, which is, Peery Peery, or Stingy.
+
+In becoming the Tyo, or friend of a man, it is expected you pay him a
+compliment, by cherishing his wife; but, being ignorant of that ceremony,
+I very innocently gave high offence to Matuara, the king of York Island,
+to whom I was introduced as his friend: a shyness took place on the side
+of his Majesty, from my neglect to his wife; but, through the medium of
+Brown the interpreter, he put me in mind of my duty, and on my promising
+my endeavours, matters were for that time made up. It was to me, however,
+a very serious inauguration: I was, in the first place, not a young man,
+and had been on shore a whole week; the lady was a woman of rank, being
+sister to Ottoo, the king of Otaheitee, and had in her youth been
+beautiful, and named Peggy Ottoo. She is the right hand dancing figure so
+elegantly delineated in Cook's Voyages. But Peggy had seen much service,
+and bore away many honourable scars in the fields of Venus. However, his
+Majesty's service must be done, and Matuara and I were again friends. He
+was a domesticated man, and passionately fond of his wife and children;
+but now became pensive and melancholy, dreading the child should be
+Piebald; though the lady was six months advanced in her pregnancy before
+we came to the island.
+
+The force of friendship amongst those good creatures, will be more fully
+understood from the following circumstance: Churchhill, the principal
+ringleader of the mutineers, on his landing, became the Tyo, or friend,
+of a great chief in the upper districts. Some time after the chief
+happening to die without issue, his title and estate, agreeable to their
+law from Tyoship, devolved on Churchhill, who having some dispute with
+one Thomson of the _Bounty_, was shot by him. The natives immediately
+rose, and revenged the death of Churchhill their chief, by killing
+Thomson, whose skull was afterwards shown to us, which bore evident marks
+of fracture.
+
+Oedidy, although perfectly devoted to our interest, on being appointed
+one of the guides in the expedition against the mutineers, expressed
+great horror at the act he was going to commit, in betraying his friend,
+being Tyo to one of them.
+
+They are much less addicted to thieving than when Capt. Cook visited
+them; and when things were stolen, by applying to the magistrate of the
+district, the goods were immediately returned; for, like every other well
+regulated police, the thief and justice were of one gang.
+
+Sometimes we slightly punished the offenders, by cutting off their hair.
+A beautiful young creature, who lived at the Observatory with one of our
+young gentlemen, slipped out of bed from him in the night, and stole all
+his linen. She was punished for the theft, by shaving one of her
+eye-brows, and half of the hair off her head. She immediately run into
+the woods, and used to come once or twice a day to the tent, to request
+looking at herself in the glass; but the grotesque figure she cut, with
+one side entirely bald, made her shriek out, and run into the woods to
+shun society.
+
+With respect to agriculture, in a soil where nature has done so much,
+little is left to human industry; but had there been occasion for it,
+abilities would not be wanting. It is much to be lamented, that the
+endeavours of the philanthropic Sir Joseph Banks were frustrated, by
+their razing of every thing which he took so much pains to rear amongst
+them, a few shaddocks excepted. Tobacco and cotton have escaped their
+ravage; and they are much mortified that they cannot eradicate it from
+their grounds: but were a handloom on a simple construction, as used by
+the natives of Java, introduced amongst them, they could soon turn their
+cotton to good account. An instance of their ingenuity and imitative
+powers in matting, was a thing perfectly unknown amongst them till
+Captain Cook introduced it from Anamooka, one of the Friendly Isles: but
+in that branch of manufacture they now far surpass their original. They
+have likewise abundance of fine sugarcanes, growing spontaneously all
+over the island, from which rum and sugar might be extracted. Indeed an
+attempt was made by Coleman, the armourer of the _Bounty_, who made a
+still, and succeeded; but, dreading the effects of intoxication, both
+amongst themselves and the natives, very wisely put an end to his labours
+by breaking the still.
+
+Captain Bligh has likewise planted Indian corn, from which much may be
+expected. On our landing, as soon as public business of more importance
+would permit, our gentlemen were indefatigable in laying out a piece of
+garden ground, and ditching it round. Lemons, oranges, limes,
+pine-apples, plants of the coffee tree, with all the lesser class of
+things, as onions, lettuces, peas, cabbages, and every thing necessary
+for culinary purposes, were planted.
+
+In order that they might not meet the same fate of the things planted by
+Sir Joseph Banks, Captain Edwards made use of every stratagem to make the
+chiefs fond of the oranges and limes, by dipping them in sugar, to cover
+the acid before it be presented to them to eat. Messrs. Corner and
+Hayward were equally zealous in using the most persuasive arguments with
+the chiefs to take care of our garden, and rear and propagate the plants
+when we were gone; to all which they lent a deaf ear, and treated the
+subject with much levity, saying, they might be very good to us, but that
+they were already plentifully supplied with every thing they wished or
+wanted, and had not occasion for more. But on the Lieutenant's
+representing, that if, on our return, they could supply us with plenty of
+such articles as we left with them, they in exchange would receive
+hatchets, knives, and red cloth, they seemed more favourably inclined to
+our project; and I have no doubt but that some after navigators will reap
+the benefit of their industry.
+
+The Bread-fruit, although the most delicate and nourishing food upon
+earth, is, with people like them, liable to inconveniencies; for in such
+a group or Archipelago of islands, whose inhabitants are in such various
+gradations of refinement, from the gentle and polished Otaheitean, to the
+savage and cannibal Feegee, a war amongst them is often attended with
+devastation as well as famine. By cutting round the bark of the
+Bread-fruit tree, a whole country may be laid waste for four or five
+years, young trees not bearing in less time. Crops, such as Indian corn,
+English wheat and peas, that have been left amongst them, can in time of
+war be stored in granaries on the top of their almost inaccessible
+mountains.
+
+While speaking of the Bread-fruit tree, I can exemplify my subject from
+what happened to an island contiguous to Otaheite, whose coast abounded
+with fine fish; and the Otaheitans, being themselves too lazy to catch
+them, destroyed all the Bread-fruit trees on this little island; by which
+act of policy, they are obliged to send over boats with fish regularly to
+market, to be supplied with bread in barter from Otaheite. To this island
+they likewise send their wives, thinking they become fair by living on
+fish, and low diet. They also send boys for the same reason, whom they
+keep for abominable purposes.
+
+As to the religion of this country, it is difficult for me to define it.
+Their tenets, although equally ignorant of heathen mythology or
+theological intricacies, seem to partake of both; and, like other nations
+in the early ages of society, are rendered subservient to political
+purposes, as by the machinery of deification the person of the king is
+sacred and inviolable. Notwithstanding the king be a broad shouldered
+strapping fellow, three sturdy stallions of _cecisbeos_, or lords in
+waiting, are kept for the particular amusement of the queen, when his
+majesty is in his cups. Yet the royal issue is always declared to be
+sprung from the immortal Gods; and the heir-apparent, during his
+minority, is put under the tuition of the high priest. Their God is
+supposed to be omnipresent, and is worshipped in spirit, idolatry not
+being known amongst them. The sacred mysteries are only known to the
+priests or augurs, the king, princes, and great chiefs, the common people
+only serving as victims, or to fill up the pageantry of a religious
+procession. One of our gentlemen expressing a wish to the high priest,
+of carrying from amongst them that God whose altars craved so much human
+blood, he, like a true priest, had his subterfuge ready, by saying, there
+were more of the same family in the other islands, from whence they could
+easily be supplied. On all great occasions, each district sends a male
+victim; and the island containing forty districts, it may be presumed the
+mortality is great. Between the sacrifices and the ravages of war, a
+preponderating number of females must have taken place; to counteract
+which, a law passed, that every other female child should be put to death
+at birth; and the husband always officiating as acoucheur to his wife,
+the child is destroyed as soon as the sex is discovered.
+
+The absurdity of this inhuman law is now pretty evident. Women are become
+more scarce, and set a higher value on their charms, which occasions many
+desperate battles amongst them. Some with fractured skulls were sent on
+board of us, which had been got in amorous affrays of that kind.
+
+It may naturally be supposed, that people of such gentle natures make no
+conspicuous figure in the theatre of war.
+
+Their war-canoes are very large, on which a platform is placed, capable
+of containing from a hundred and fifty to two hundred men. But their
+taste in decorating the prow of their men of war, plainly indicates they
+are more versed in the fields of Venus than Mars, every man of war having
+a figure head of the god Priapus, with a preposterous insignia of his
+order; the sight of which never fails to excite great glee and good
+humour amongst the ladies.
+
+It is customary with those nations at war, that the treaty of peace be
+confirmed by the conquerors sending a certain number of their women to
+cohabit with the nation that is vanquished, in order to conciliate their
+affection by a bond more lasting than wax and parchment. It was the
+unhappy lot of Otaheite to be overcome by a nation whose women were too
+masculine for them; they being accustomed to the amorous dalliance of
+their own beautiful females, were averse to familiar intercourse with
+strangers. The ladies returned with all the rage of disappointed women,
+and the war was renewed with all its horrors.
+
+They are well acquainted with the bow and arrow, but use it as an
+amusement. The only missive weapons they use are the sling and spear.
+They have now amongst them about twenty stand of arms, and two hundred
+rounds of powder and ball. They can take a musket to pieces, and put it
+up again; are good marksmen, take proper care of their arms and
+ammunition; and are highly sensible of the superior advantage it gives
+them over the neighbouring nations.
+
+In the preparing and printing their cloth, the women display a great
+share of ingenuity and good taste. Many of their figures were exactly the
+patterns which prevailed, as fashionable, when we left England, both
+striped and figured. They print their figured cloth by dipping the leaves
+in dye-stuffs of different colours, placing them as their fancy directs.
+Their cloth is of different texture of fineness, from a stuff of the same
+nature in quality as the slightest India paper, to a kind as durable as
+some of our cottons; but they will not bear water, and of course become
+troublesome and expensive. They are generally made up in bales, running
+about two yards broad, and twenty or thirty yards long. We had some
+thousands of yards of it sent on board as presents.
+
+Their sumptuary laws, at first sight, may appear severe towards the fair
+sex, who are not permitted to eat butchermeat, nor to eat at all, in the
+presence of their husbands. It certainly does not convey the most
+delicate ideas, to a mind impressed with much sensibility, to see a fine
+woman devouring a piece of beef; and those voluptuaries, who may be said
+to exist only by their women, would naturally endeavour to remove the
+possibility of presupposing a disgusting idea in that object in which all
+their happiness centres.
+
+Every woman, the queen and royal family excepted, on the approach of the
+king, is denuded down to the waist, and continues so whilst his majesty
+is in sight. Should the king enter a woman's house, it is immediately
+pulled down. The king is never permitted to help himself with meat or
+drink, which makes him a very troublesome visitor, as he is never quiet
+whilst a bottle is in sight till he has had the last drop of it.
+
+Their houses are well adapted to the temperate climate they inhabit, and
+generally consist of three chambers, the interior one of which the chief
+retires to, after he has drank his cava. A profound silence is observed
+during his repose; for should they be suddenly awaked, it produces
+violent vomiting, and a train of uneasy sensations; but, otherwise, if
+undisturbed, it proves a safe anodyne, creates amorous dreams, and a
+powerful excitement to venery. In the adjoining chamber, his fair spouse
+waits, with eager expectation, to avail herself of the happy moment when
+her lord should awake, which is by slow degrees; and he is roused from
+Elysium, by her gentle offices, in tenderly embracing every part of his
+body, until his ideal scenes of bliss are realised; and when fully sated
+with the luscious banquet, they retire to the bath, to gather fresh
+vigour for a renewal of similar joys. In this mazy round of chaste
+dissipation, the hours glide gently on, and the evening is spent in
+dancing to the music of Pan's pipes, the flute, and haeva drum. They then
+go to the bath again, and the festivity of the evening is concluded with
+a repast of fruit, and young cocoanut milk. The whole village
+indiscriminately join the feast; and the demon of rank and precedence,
+with their appendages malevolence and envy, has never yet disturbed their
+happy board.
+
+Happy would it have been for those people had they never been visited by
+Europeans; for, to our shame be it spoken, disease and gunpowder is all
+the benefit they have ever received from us, in return for their
+hospitality and kindness. The ravages of the venereal disease is evident,
+from the mutilated objects so frequent amongst them, where death has not
+thrown a charitable veil over their misery, by putting a period to their
+existence.
+
+A disease of the consumptive kind has of late made great havoc amongst
+them; this they call the British disease, as they have only had it since
+their intercourse with the English.
+
+In this complaint they are avoided by society, from a supposition of its
+being contagious; and in every old out-house, you will find miserable
+objects, for want of medical assistance, abandoned to their wretched
+fate. From what we could learn, it generally terminates fatally in ten or
+twelve months; but I am led to believe, that in many cases it originates
+from the venereal disease.[117-1]
+
+The voice of humanity honour, and justice, calls upon us as a nation to
+remedy those evils, by sending some intelligent surgeon to live amongst
+them. They at present pant for the pruning-hand of civilization and the
+arts; love and adore us as beings of a superior nature, but gently
+upbraid us with having left them in the same abject state they were at
+first discovered.
+
+We had buoyed many of them up with the hopes of carrying them to England
+with us, in order to secure their fidelity and honesty, especially those
+who were most useful in our domestic concerns; but on explaining to them
+that even bread was not to be obtained in England without labour, they
+lost hopes of their favourite voyage.
+
+Large presents were now brought us for our sea-store; and notwithstanding
+Mr. Bentham our purser having most liberally supplied the ship with four
+pounds of fresh pork per man each day, it made no apparent scarcity;
+beside salting some thousand weight, and a prodigious number of goats,
+fowls, and other things. Could we have made it convenient to have staid
+another week, some cows were promised to have been sent us from a
+neighbouring island. Capt. Cook had left with them a horse and mare, a
+cow with calf, and a bull; but, from some mistake, they killed a horse
+instead of one of the cows, and found it very tough, disagreeable eating,
+by which means they were disgusted with all the horned cattle, and drew
+an unfavourable conclusion that their meat was all of the same texture.
+Had some pains been taken with them, to get the better of a dislike they
+have to milk, and explained to them how variously it might be employed as
+food, I have no doubt but they would have paid more attention to the
+horned cattle. They used to persist in saying that milk was urine; but on
+pointing to a woman that was suckling her child, and pushing their own
+argument, they seemed convinced of their error. We have left them a goose
+and a gander, which they take a great delight in.
+
+Edea, the Queen, endeavoured to conquer that absurd dislike, and at last
+became fond of milk in her tea.
+
+A painting of Capt. Cook, done in oil by Webber, which had been delivered
+to Capt. Edwards on his first landing, was now returned to them. It is
+held by them in the greatest veneration; and I should not be surprised
+if, one day or other, divine honours should be paid to it. They still
+believe Capt. Cook is living; and their seeing Mr. Bentham our purser,
+whom they perfectly recollected as having been the voyage with him, and
+spoke their language, will confirm them in that opinion.
+
+The harbour was surveyed by Mr. Geo. Passmore, the master, an able and
+experienced officer.
+
+Our officers here, as at Rio Janeiro, showed the most manly and
+philanthropic disposition, by giving up their cabins, and sacrificing
+every comfort and convenience for the good of mankind, in accommodating
+boxes with plants of the Bread-fruit tree, that the laudable intentions
+of government might not be frustrated from the loss of his majesty's ship
+_Bounty_.
+
+We had now completed our water from an excellent spring, out of a rock
+close to the water's edge, at Offaree.
+
+King Ottoo, and his queen Edea, came on board, and were very importunate
+in their solicitations to Capt. Edwards, requesting him to take them to
+England with him. Aeredy, the concubine, likewise requested the same
+favour; but she more generously begged they might all three go together.
+But Oripai, and the other chiefs, remonstrated against his going, as they
+were on the eve of a war.
+
+We were now perfectly ready for sea; and as Capt. Cook's picture is
+presented to all strangers, it is customary for navigators to write their
+observations on the back of it; so our arrival and departure was notified
+upon it.
+
+The ship was filled with cocoa-nuts and fruit, as many pigs, goats, and
+fowls, as the decks and boats would hold. The dismal day of our departure
+now arrived. This I believe was the first time that an Englishman got up
+his anchor, at the remotest part of the globe, with a heavy heart, to go
+home to his own country. Every canoe almost in the island was hovering
+round the ship; and they began to mourn, as is customary for the death of
+a near relation. They bared their bodies, cut their heads with shells,
+and smeared their breasts and shoulders with the warm blood, as it
+streamed down; and as the blood ceased flowing, they renewed the wounds
+in their head, attended with a dismal yell.
+
+Ottoo now took leave of us; and, with the tears trickling down his
+cheeks, begged to be remembered to King George. The tender was put in
+commission, and the command of her given to Mr. Oliver the master's mate,
+Mr. Renouard a midshipman, James Dodds a quartermaster; and six privates
+were put on board of her. She was decked, beautifully built, and the size
+of a Gravesend boat.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[91-1] First printed at Berwick in 1793.
+
+[96-1] Afternoon entertainments.
+
+[117-1] Compare the ravages of the great Lila (wasting sickness) in Fiji,
+and the accounts of similar visitations following on the first visit of
+an European ship to an insular people. (The Fijians, p. 243).
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. II.
+
+VOYAGE FROM OTAHEITE TO ANAMOOKA.
+
+
+WITH a pleasant breeze, on the evening of the 8th of May, passed Emea or
+York Island, contiguous to, and in sight of Otaheite. It is governed by
+Matuara, brother-in-law to Ottoo. It is a pleasant romantic looking spot,
+with very high hills upon it, and about twelve miles in circumference.
+They were lately attacked by some neighbouring power, and Matuara
+requested the lend of a musket from his friend and ally. When peace was
+restored, Ottoo sent for his musket. Matuara represented, that as a man,
+from a sense of honour, he wished to return it; but that as a king, the
+love he bore his subjects prevented him complying with the request. That
+single musket, and a few cartridges, gives him no small degree of
+consequence, and are retained as the royal dower of his wife.
+
+Next morning we reached Huaheine, and sent the boats on shore in Owharre
+Bay. As Oedidy the chief requested to go with us to Whytutakee, he went
+on shore with the officers, in their search for intelligence of the
+mutineers; but they returned without success.
+
+Here we learned the fate of Omai, the native of Otaheite, whom Captain
+Cook brought from England. On his return here he had wealth enough to
+obtain every fine woman on the island; and at last fell a martyr to
+Venus, having finished his career by the venereal disease, two years
+after his landing. His house and garden are still standing; but his
+musket occasioned a war after his death, and was found in the possession
+of a native of Ulitea. His servant was on board of us, but had not
+retained a single article of his property.
+
+On the 10th, we examined Ulitea and Otaha, interchanged presents with the
+natives, and landed in Chamanen's Bay; but got no information.
+
+We examined Bolobola on the 11th; and Tatahu, the king, honoured us with
+a visit. The people of this island are of a more warlike disposition than
+any other of the Society Islands; and on account of that national
+ferocity of character, are much caressed by the Otaheitans and
+neighbouring islands. They are sensible of their pre-eminence, and boast
+of their country, in whatever island you meet them. They are tatooed in a
+particular manner; and whether they may have spread their conquests, or
+other nations imitated them, I could not learn; but a prodigious number,
+in islands we afterwards visited, were tatooed in their fashion. What was
+most singular, we saw some with the glans of the penis entirely tatooed;
+and our men, from being tatooed in the legs, arms, and breast, places of
+much less sensation, were often lame for a week, from the excruciating
+torture of the operation. Tatahu likewise informed us there were no white
+men on Tubai, a small island to the northward of Bolobola, and under his
+jurisdiction; nor upon Mauruah, another island in sight, and to the
+westward of Bolobola. He also mentioned another island, which he called
+Mopehah. Here Oedidy went on shore; but getting drunk in meeting some of
+his old friends, he fell asleep, and lost his passage. On the 12th we
+left Mauruah, and on the 13th lost sight of the Society Islands.
+
+Here one of the prisoners begged to speak with the Captain, and gave
+information of Mr. Christian's intended rout.
+
+We now shaped our course to fall in to the eastward of Whytutakee, an
+island discovered by Capt. Bligh, and on the 19th made the island. We
+sent the boat on shore, covered by the tender, to examine it; but found
+it a thing impossible for the _Bounty_ to have been there; and the
+natives said they had seen no white people. They were very shy, and we
+could not coax them on board. One of them recollected having seen Lieut.
+Hayward on board the _Bounty_. Here we purchased from the natives a spear
+of most exquisite workmanship. It was nine feet long, and cut in the form
+of a Gothic spire, all its ornaments being executed in a kind of alto
+relievo; which, from the slow progress they made with stone tools, must
+have been the labour of a man's whole life.
+
+Here nature begins to assume a ruder aspect; and the silken bands of love
+gives way to the rustic garniture of war. The natives of either sex wear
+no cloathing, but a girdle of stained leaves round their middle, and the
+men a gorget, of the exact shape and size as at present wore by officers
+in our service. It is made of the pearl oyster-shell. The centre is
+black, and the transparent part of the shell is left as an edge or border
+to it, which gives it a very fine effect. It is slung round their neck
+with a band of human hair, or the fibres of cocoa nut-shell, of admirable
+texture, and a rose worked at each corner of the gorget, the same as the
+military jemmy of the present day.
+
+We now began to discover, that the ladies of Otaheite had left us many
+warm tokens of their affection.
+
+Instructions were given to the commander of the tender to be particular
+in guarding against surprise, and a rendezvous established, in case of
+separation; and on Sunday, the 22nd of May, made Palmerston's Islands.
+
+The tender's signal was made to cover the boats in landing; and some
+natives were seen rowing across the lagoon to a considerable distance.
+Soon after their landing, Lieut. Corner and his party discovered a yard
+and some spars marked _Bounty_, and the broad arrow upon them. When this
+intelligence was communicated to the ship, a signal was made to the party
+on shore to advance with great circumspection, and to guard against
+surprise. Mr. Rickards, the master's mate, went in the cutter, and made a
+circuit of the island.
+
+Lieuts. Corner and Hayward landed on the different isles with
+cork-jackets; but the surf running very high all round, rendered it
+exceedingly dangerous, and in many places impracticable. Had they not
+been expert swimmers, in duty of this kind, they must have certainly been
+drowned, as they had not only themselves and the party to take care of,
+but the arms and ammunition to land dry.
+
+About four o'clock in the afternoon, Mr. Sival the midshipman came on
+board in the jolly-boat, and brought with him several very curious
+stained canoes, representing the figure of men, fishes, and beasts. He
+had committed some mistake in the orders he was sent to execute, and was
+ordered to return immediately to rectify it; but the boat did not come
+back again. A few minutes after she left the ship, the weather became
+thick and hazy, and began to blow fresh; so that, even with the
+assistance of glasses, they could not see whether she made the shore or
+not. It continued to blow during the night, so as to prevent the party on
+shore from coming on board. They had been employed during the day in
+searching all the islands with particular attention, having every reason
+to suspect the mutineers were there, from finding the _Bounty's_ yard and
+spars. But at last, wore out with fatigue in marching, and swimming
+through so many reefs, and having no victuals the whole day, in the
+evening they began to forage for something to eat. The gigantic cockle
+was the only thing that presented. Of the shell of one they made a
+kettle, to boil some junks of it in. (It may be necessary here to remark,
+for the information of those who are not acquainted with it, that there
+are some of them larger than three men can carry.) Of this coarse fare,
+and some cocoa-nuts, they made shift, with the assistance of a good
+appetite, to make a tolerable hearty supper; they then set the watch, and
+went to sleep. They had thrown a large nut on the fire before they lay
+down, and forgot it; but in the middle of the night, the milk of the
+cocoa-nut became so expanded with the heat, that it burst with a great
+explosion. Their minds had been so much engaged in the course of the day
+with the enterprise they were employed in, expecting muskets to be fired
+at them from every bush, that they all jumped up, seized their arms, and
+were some time before they could undeceive themselves that they were
+really not attacked.
+
+In the morning the boats returned; and we were much concerned to hear
+that they had seen nothing of the jolly-boat. The tender received a fresh
+supply of provisions and ammunition; at the same time they had orders to
+cruise in a certain direction, to look for the jolly-boat; and
+Palmerston's Isles was appointed as a rendezvous to meet again. Lieut.
+Corner now came on board, in a canoe not much bigger than a butcher's
+tray. The cutter was sent a second time to search the reefs, but returned
+without success. We then run down with the ship in the direction the wind
+had blown the preceding day, in hopes of finding the boat; but after a
+whole day's run to leeward, and working up again by traverses to the
+isles, saw nothing of her. The tender hove in sight in the evening, and
+we again searched the isles without success. All further hopes of seeing
+her were given up, and we proceeded on our voyage. It may be difficult to
+surmise what has been the fate of these unfortunate men. They had a
+piece of salt-beef thrown into the boat to them on leaving the ship; and
+it rained a good deal that night and the following day, which might
+satiate their thirst. It is by these accidents the Divine Ruler of the
+universe has peopled the southern hemisphere.[126-1]
+
+Here are innumerable islands in perpetual growth. The coral, a marine
+vegetable, with which the South Seas in every part abounds, is
+continually shooting up from the bottom to the surface, which at first
+forms lagoon islands; and the water in the centre is evaporated by the
+heat of the sun, till at last a terra firma is completed. In this state
+it would for ever remain a barren sand, had not Divine Providence given
+birth to the cocoa-nut tree, whose fruit is so protected with a hard
+shell, that after floating about for a twelve-month in the sea, it will
+vegetate, take root, and grow in those salt marshes, lagoons, incipient
+islands, or what you please to call them. Their roots serve to bind the
+surface of the coral; and the annual shedding of their leaves, in time
+creates a soil which produces a verdure or undergrowth. This affords a
+favourite resting-place to sea-fowls, and the whole feathered race, who
+in their dung drop the seeds of shrubs, fruits, and plants; by which
+means all the variety of the vegetable kingdom is disseminated. At last
+the variegated landscape rises to the view; and when the divine
+Architect has finished his work, it becomes then a residence for man.
+
+From the various accidents incident to man in the early stages of
+society, their wants, and the restless spirit inherent in their natures,
+they are tempted to dare the elements, either in fishing, commerce, or
+war; and from their temerity are often blown to remote and uninhabited
+islands. Distressing accidents of this nature often happening to
+inhabitants of the South Seas, they now seldom undertake any hazardous
+enterprise by water without a woman, and a sow with pig, being in the
+canoe with them; by which means, if they are cast on any of those
+uninhabited islands, they fix their abode.
+
+Their remote situation from European powers has deprived them of the
+culture of civilised life, as they neither serve to swell the ambitious
+views of conquest, nor the avarice of commerce. Here the sacred finger of
+Omnipotence has interposed, and rendered our vices the instruments of
+virtue; and although that unfortunate man Christian has, in a rash
+unguarded moment, been tempted to swerve from his duty to his king and
+country, as he is in other respects of an amiable character and
+respectable abilities, should he elude the hand of justice, it may be
+hoped he will employ his talents in humanizing the rude savages; so that,
+at some future period, a British Ilion may blaze forth in the south with
+all the characteristic virtues of the English nation, and complete the
+great prophecy, by propagating the Christian knowledge amongst the
+infidels. As Christian has taken fourteen beautiful women with him from
+Otaheite, there is little doubt of his intention of colonising some
+undiscovered island.
+
+On the 6th day of June, we discovered an island, which was named the Duke
+of York's island. Lieuts. Corner and Hayward were sent out to examine it
+in the two yauls, covered by the tender. Some huts being discovered by
+the ship, a signal was immediately made for the party on shore to be on
+their guard, and to advance with caution.
+
+Soon after their arrival on shore, a ship's wooden buoy was discovered.
+On searching the huts, nets of different sizes were found hanging in
+them, and a variety of fishing utensils. Stages and wharfs were likewise
+discovered in different parts of the creek, which led us to imagine it
+was only an island resorted to in the fishing season by some neighbouring
+nation. The skeleton of a very large fish, supposed to be a whale, was
+found near the beach; and a place of venerable aspect, formed entirely by
+the hand of Nature, and resembling a Druidical temple, commanded their
+attention. The falling of a very large old tree, formed an arch, through
+which the interior part of the temple was seen, which heightened the
+perspective, and gave a romantic solemn dignity to the scene. At the
+extreme end of the temple, three altars were placed, the centre one
+higher than the other two, on which some white shells were piled in
+regular order.[128-1]
+
+After traversing the island, they returned to the huts, and hung up a few
+knives, looking-glasses, and some little articles of European
+manufacture, that the natives, on their return, might know the island had
+been visited.
+
+On the 12th, we discovered another island, which was named the Duke of
+Clarence's island. In running along the land, we saw several canoes
+crossing the lagoons. The tender's signal was made, to cover the boats in
+landing, and Lieuts. Corner and Hayward sent to reconnoitre the beach, to
+discover a landing-place. In this duty they came pretty near some of the
+natives in their canoes, who made signs of peace to them; but, either
+from fear or business, avoided having any intercourse with us. Morais,
+or burying-places, were likewise found here, which indicated it to be a
+principal residence. Here they find some old cocoa trees hollowed
+longitudinally, as tanks or reservoirs for the rain water.
+
+On the 18th, we discovered an island of more considerable extent than any
+island that has hitherto been discovered in the south; and as there were
+many collateral circumstances which might hereafter promise it to be a
+discovery of national importance, in honour of the first lord of the
+admiralty, it was called Chatham's Island. It is beautifully diversified
+with hills and dales, of twice the extent of Otaheite, and a hardy
+warlike race of people. The natives described a large river to us, which
+disembogued itself into a spacious bay, that promises excellent
+anchorage.[129-1] Here we learned the death of Fenow, king of Anamooka,
+from one of his family of the same name, who had a finger cut off in
+mourning for him. After trading a whole day with the natives, who seemed
+fair and honourable in their dealings, we examined it without success,
+and proceeded on our voyage.
+
+On the 21st we discovered a very considerable island, of about forty
+miles long. It was named by the natives Otutuelah. Capt. Edwards gave no
+name to it; but should posterity derive the advantages from it which it
+at present promises, I presume it may hereafter be called Edwards's
+island.[129-2]
+
+It is well wooded with immense large trees, whose foliage spreads like
+the oak; and there is a deal of shrubbery on it, bearing a yellow flower.
+The natives are remarkably handsome. Some of them had their skins tinged
+with yellow, as a mark of distinction, which at first led us to imagine
+they were diseased. Neither sex wear any cloathing but a girdle of
+leaves round their middle, stained with different colours. The women
+adorn their hair with chaplets of sweet-smelling flowers and bracelets,
+and necklaces of flowers round their wrists and neck.
+
+On their first coming on board, they trembled for fear. They were
+perfectly ignorant of fire-arms, never having seen a European ship
+before. They made many gestures of submission, and were struck with
+wonder and surprise at every thing they saw. Amongst other things, they
+brought us some most remarkable fine puddings, which abounded with
+aromatic spiceries, that excelled in taste and flavour the most delicate
+seed-cake. As we have never hitherto known of spices or aromatics being
+in the South Seas, it is certainly a matter worthy the investigation of
+some future circumnavigators. We traded with them the whole day, and got
+many curiosities. Birds and fowls, of the most splendid plumage, were
+brought on board, some resembling the peacock, and a great variety of the
+parrot kind.
+
+One woman amongst many others came on board. She was six feet high, of
+exquisite beauty, and exact symmetry, being naked, and unconscious of her
+being so, added a lustre to her charms; for, in the words of the poet,
+"She needed not the foreign ornaments of dress; careless of beauty, she
+was beauty's self."
+
+Many mouths were watering for her; but Capt. Edwards, with great humanity
+and prudence, had given previous orders, that no woman should be
+permitted to go below, as our health had not quite recovered the shock it
+received at Otaheite; and the lady was obliged to be contented with
+viewing the great cabin, where she was shewn the wonders of the Lord on
+the face of the mighty deep. Before evening, the women went all on shore,
+and the men began to be troublesome and pilfering. The third lieutenant
+had a new coat stole out of his cabin; and they were making off with
+every bit of iron they could lay hands on.
+
+It now came on to blow fresh, and we were obliged to make off from the
+land. Those who were engaged in trade on board were so anxious, that we
+had got almost out of sight of their canoes before they perceived the
+ship's motion, when they all jumped into the water like a flock of wild
+geese; but one fellow, more earnest than the rest, hung by the rudder
+chains for a mile or two, thinking to detain her.
+
+This evening, at five o'clock, we unfortunately parted company, and lost
+sight of our tender. False fires were burnt, and great guns and small
+arms were fired without success, as it came on thick blowing weather.
+
+We cruised for her all the 23rd and 24th, near where we parted company,
+which was off a piece of remarkable high land. What was most unfortunate,
+water and provisions were then on deck for her, which were intended to
+have been put on board of her in the morning. She had the day before
+received orders, in case of separation, to rendezvous at Anamooka, and to
+wait there for us. A small cag of salt, and another of nails and
+iron-ware, were likewise put on board of her, to traffic with the
+Indians, and the latitudes and longitudes of the places we would touch
+at, in our intended rout. She had a boarding netting fixed, to prevent
+her being boarded, and several seven-barrelled pieces and blunderbusses
+put on board of her.
+
+As we proceeded to the eastward, we saw another island, which we knew to
+be one of the navigator's isles, discovered by Mons. Bougainville. On the
+28th, in the morning, saw the Happai Islands, discovered by Capt. Cook,
+and before noon, the group of islands to the eastward of Anamooka, and
+sailed down between Little Anamooka and the Fallafagee Island.
+
+On the 29th, we anchored in the road of Anamooka. Immediately on our
+arrival, a large sailing canoe was hired, and Lieut. Hayward and one
+private sent to the Happai and Feegee Islands,[132-1] to make inquiry
+after the _Bounty_ and our tender; but received no intelligence. Here
+they found an axe, which had been left by Capt. Cook, and bartered with
+the natives of the different islands for hogs, yams, &c.
+
+The people of Anamooka are the most daring set of robbers in the South
+Seas; and, with the greatest deference and submission to Capt. Cook, I
+think the name of Friendly Isles is a perfect misnomer, as their
+behaviour to himself, to us, and to Capt. Bligh's unfortunate boat at
+Murderer's Cove, pretty clearly evinces. Indeed Murderer's Cove, in the
+Friendly Isles, is saying a volume on the subject.
+
+Two or three of the officers were taking a walk on shore one evening, who
+had the precaution to take their pistols with them. They seemed to crowd
+round us with more than idle curiosity; but, on presenting the pistols to
+them, they sheered off. The Captain soon joined us, and brought his
+servant with him, carrying a bag of nails, and some trifling presents,
+which he meant to distribute amongst them; but he took the bag from him,
+and dispatched him with a message to the boat, on which the crowd
+followed him. As soon as he got out of our sight, they stripped him
+naked, and robbed him of his cloaths, and every article he had, but one
+shoe, which he used for concealing his nakedness. At this juncture Lieut.
+Hayward arrived from his expedition, and called the assistance of the
+guard in searching for the robbers. We saw the natives all running, and
+dodging behind the trees, which led us to suspect there was some mischief
+brewing; but we soon discovered the great Irishman, with his shoe full
+in one hand, and a bayonet in the other, naked and foaming mad with
+revenge on the natives, for the treatment he had received. Night coming
+on, we went on board, without recovering the poor fellow's cloathes.
+
+Next day we were honoured with a visit from Tatafee, king of Anamooka,
+who was of lineal descent from the same family that reigned in the island
+when discovered by Tasman, the Dutch circumnavigator; and the story of
+his landing and supplying them with dogs and hogs, is handed down, by
+oral tradition, to this day.[133-1]
+
+Here society may be said to exist in the second stage with respect to
+Otaheite. As land is scarcer, private property is more exactly
+ascertained, and each man's possession fenced in with a beautiful Chinese
+railing. Highways, and roads leading to public places, are neatly fenced
+in on each side, and a handsome approach to their houses by a
+gravel-walk, with shubbery planted with some degree of taste on each side
+of it. Many of them had rows of pine apples on each side of the avenue.
+Messrs. Hayward and Corner, with their usual benevolence, took much pains
+in teaching them the manner of transplanting their pine-apples; which
+hint they immediately adopted, and were very thankful for any advice,
+either in rearing their fruit, or cultivating their ground. The shaddocks
+are superior in flavour to those of the West Indies; and they will soon
+have oranges from what we have left amongst them.
+
+The women here are extremely beautiful; and although they want that
+feminine softness of manners which the Otaheite women possess in so
+eminent a degree, their matchless vivacity, and fine animated
+countenances, compensate the want of the softer blandishments of their
+sister island.
+
+There is a favourite amusement of the ladies here, (the cup and ball),
+such as children play at in England. It serves to give them a degage kind
+of air, by which means you have a more elegant display of their charms.
+They are well aware of their fascinating powers, and use them with as
+much address as our fine women do notting, and other acts of industry.
+Trade went briskly on. They brought abundance of hogs, and several ton
+weight of very excellent yams. We found that the pork took salt, and was
+cured much better here than at Otaheite.
+
+Many beautiful girls were brought on board for sale by their mothers, who
+were very exorbitant in their demands, as nothing less than a broad axe
+would satisfy them; but after standing their market three days, _la
+pucelage_ fell to an old razor, a pair of scissors, or a very large nail.
+Indeed this trade was pushed to so great a height, that the quarter-deck
+became the scene of the most indelicate familiarities. Nor did the
+unfeeling mothers commiserate with the pain and suffering of the poor
+girls, but seemed to enjoy it as a monstrous good thing. It is customary
+here, when girls meet with an accident of this kind, that a council of
+matrons is held, and the noviciate has a gash made in her fore finger. We
+soon observed a number of cut fingers amongst them; and had the razors
+held out, I believe all the girls in the island would have undergone the
+same operation.
+
+A party was sent on shore to cut wood for fuel, and grass for the sheep;
+but they would not permit a blade of grass to be cut till they were paid
+for it.
+
+The watering party shared the same fate; and notwithstanding a guard of
+armed men were sent to protect the others whilst on that duty, the
+natives were continually harassing them, and commiting depredations. One
+of them came behind Lieut. Corner, and made a blow at him with his club,
+which luckily missed his head, and only stunned him in the back of the
+neck; and, while in that state, snatched his handkerchief from him; but
+Mr. Corner recovering before the thief got out of sight, levelled his
+piece and shot him dead.
+
+Tatafee[135-1] the king was going to collect tribute from the islands
+under his jurisdiction, and went in the frigate to Tofoa; but previous to
+our sailing, a letter was left to Mr. Oliver, the commander of the
+tender, should he chance to arrive before our return, with Macaucala, a
+principal chief. In the night, the burning mountain on Tofoa exhibited a
+very grand spectacle; and in the morning two canoes were sent on shore,
+to announce the arrival of those two great personages, Tatafee and
+Toobou, who went on shore in the _Pandora's_ barge, to give them more
+consequence; but the tributary princes came off in canoes, to do homage
+to Tatafee before he reached the shore. They came alongside the barge,
+lowered their heads over the side of the canoe, and Tatafee, agreeable to
+their custom, put his foot upon their heads. When on shore, what presents
+he had received from us, he distributed amongst his subjects, with a
+liberality worthy of a great prince.
+
+Some of the people were here who behaved with such savage barbarity to
+Capt. Bligh's boat at Murderer's Cove. They perfectly recollected Mr.
+Hayward, and seemed to shrink from him. Captain Edwards took much pains
+with Tatafee, the king, to make him sensible of his disapprobation of
+their conduct to Capt. Bligh's boat. But conciliatory and gentle means
+were all that could be enjoined at present, lest our tender should fall
+in amongst them.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[126-1] This gives occasion for a splenetic and unjust tirade from an
+anonymous writer in the _United Service Journal_ for 1831: "When this
+boat with a midshipman and several men (four) had been inhumanely ordered
+from alongside, it was known that there was nothing in her but one piece
+of salt beef, compassionately thrown in by a seaman; and horrid as must
+have been their fate, the flippant surgeon, after detailing the
+disgraceful fact, adds 'that this is the way the world was peopled,' or
+words to that effect, for we quote only from memory." With a fresh E.S.E.
+breeze and no provisions there can be little doubt that Midshipman Sival
+perished at sea, but neither Edwards nor Hamilton are to be censured, the
+former for despatching a boat on ordinary duty, the latter for penning a
+platitude.
+
+[128-1] This suggests the Fijian _Nanga_, or 'bed of the ancestors,' a
+cult introduced by native castaways many generations ago. These castaways
+may have been Polynesians.
+
+[129-1] Savaii in the Samoa group. See p. 49 _ante_.
+
+[129-2] It is known by its native name, Tutuila.
+
+[132-1] A mistake. Hayward visited Huapai only.
+
+[133-1] Tasman visited Namuka in 1642.
+
+[135-1] Fatafehi.
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. III.
+
+VOYAGE FROM ANAMOOKA, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE LOSS OF THE _PANDORA_.
+
+
+THE wind not permitting us to visit Tongataboo, we proceeded to Catooa
+and Navigator's Isles, the loss of our tender having prevented us from
+doing it before, and endeavoured to fall in with the eastermost of these
+islands.
+
+On the morning of the 12th of July, we discovered a cluster of islands in
+the N.W. quarter; but the wind being favourable for us, left examining of
+them till our return to the Friendly Isles.[136-1] On the 14th, in the
+forenoon, saw three isles, supposed to be the cluster of isles called by
+Bougainville Navigator's Isles. The largest the natives called
+Tumaluah.[136-2] We passed them at a little distance, and found much
+intreaty necessary to bring them on board.
+
+On the 15th, we saw another island, which proved to be Otutuelah,[136-3]
+which has been already described. Here we found some of the French
+navigator's cloathing and buttons; and there is little doubt but they
+have murdered them.[136-4]
+
+On the 18th, saw the group of islands we discovered on our way here; and
+on the 19th, ran down the north side till we came to an opening, where we
+saw the sea on the other side. A sound is formed here by some islands to
+the south east and north west, and interior bays, which promises better
+anchorage than any other place in the Friendly Isles. The natives told us
+there were excellent watering-places in several different parts within
+the sound. The country is well wooded. Several of the inferior chiefs
+were on board, one of the Tatafee, and one of the Toobou family; but the
+principal chief was not on board. We supposed he was coming off just as
+we sailed.[137-1] The natives in general were very fair and honourable in
+their dealings. They were more inoffensive and better behaved than any we
+had seen for some time. They have frequent intercourse with Anamooka, and
+their religion, customs, and language, are the same.
+
+A number of beautiful paroquets were brought off by the natives, all
+remarkable for the richness and variety of their plumage.
+
+The group of islands was called Howe's Islands, but were particularly
+distinguished by the names of Barrington's, Sawyer's, Hotham's, and
+Jarvis's Islands. The sound itself was called Curtis's Sound. Under the
+general denomination of Howe's Islands, were included several islands to
+the south east, to which we gave no particular name, and two more islands
+to the westward, called Bickerton's Islands, including two small islands
+near the above. There seems to be a tolerable landing-place on the
+north-west side of Gardner's Island. All this part of the island has a
+most barren aspect. There were evident marks of volcanic eruptions having
+happened. The very singular appearance which this part of the island
+presented, I cannot omit mentioning; it bore the figure of a piece of
+flat table-land, without the slightest eminence or indentation, and smoke
+was issuing from the edges, round its whole circumference.
+
+On the 23rd, we passed an inhabited island, which we supposed to be the
+Pylestaart island. It has two remarkable high peaks upon it.
+
+On the 26th, we saw Middleburg Island, and run down between it and Euah;
+examined it without success; passed Tongatabu; got some provisions here,
+but found the water brackish.
+
+On the 29th, we anchored again in the road of Anamooka. We were sorry to
+hear the tender had not been there. On the 5th of August, we again
+proceeded on our voyage. As the occurrences at this time bore some
+semblance to the transactions in our last visit, to avoid wounding the
+delicate, or satiating the licentious, we shall conclude in the torpid
+phraseology of the log, with ditto repeated.
+
+Every thing being ready for sea on the 3d day of August, we sailed from
+Anamooka; and on the 5th, discovered an island of some considerable
+extent, called by the natives Onooafow,[138-1] which we called Proby's
+Island, in honour of Commissioner Proby. We traded with the inhabitants
+for some hours. The land was hilly, and the houses of much larger
+construction than we had observed in those seas.
+
+We were now convinced that we were further to the westward than we
+imagined, and therefore shaped a course to fall in to the eastward of
+Wallis's Island; and next day fell in with it. We gave presents, as
+customary, to the first boat; who, from a theft they committed, were
+afraid to return. Their cheek-bones were much bruised and flattened, and
+some had both their little fingers cut off.[138-2]
+
+We bore away, intending to steer in the track of Carteret and Bligh,
+between Spirito Santo and Santa Cruz; and on the 8th saw land to the
+westward. We sounded, but found no bottom. We run down the island, and
+saw a vast number of houses amongst the trees. It is very hilly, and,
+from the great height of some of them, may be called mountains. They are
+cultivated to the top; the reason of which, I presume, is from its being
+so full of inhabitants. It is about seven miles long; and being a new
+discovery, we called it Grenville's Island, in honour of Lord Grenville.
+The name the natives gave it is Rotumah. They came off in a fleet of
+canoes, rested on their paddles, and gave the war-hoop at stated periods.
+They were all armed with clubs, and meant to attack us; but the magnitude
+and novelty of such an object as a man of war, struck them with a mixture
+of wonder and fear. They were, however, perfectly ignorant of fire-arms,
+and seemed much startled at the report of a musket, were too shy to stand
+the experiment of a great gun. As they came off with hostile intentions,
+they brought no women with them.
+
+They wore necklaces, bracelets, and girdles of white shells. Their bodies
+were curiously marked with the figures of men, dogs, fishes, and birds,
+upon every part of them; so that every man was a moving landscape. These
+marks were all raised, and done, I suppose, by pinching up the skin.
+
+They were great adepts in thieving, and uncommonly athletic and strong.
+One fellow was making off with some booty, but was detected; and although
+five of the stoutest men in the ship were hanging upon him, and had fast
+hold of his long flowing black hair, he overpowered them all, and jumped
+overboard with his prize. There is a high promontory on this island,
+which we named Mount Temple.
+
+On the 11th, no land being then in sight, we run over a reef of coral, in
+eleven fathom water. We were much alarmed, but passed it in five minutes;
+and on sounding immediately afterwards, found no bottom. This was called
+Pandora's Reef.
+
+On the 12th, in the morning, we discovered an island well wooded, but not
+inhabited. It had two remarkable promontories on it, one resembling a
+mitre, and the other a steeple; from whence we called it Mitre Island. We
+passed it, and stood to the westward; and at ten, the same morning,
+discovered another island to the north west. It is entirely cultivated,
+and a vast number of inhabitants, though only a mile in length. The beach
+from the east, round by the south, is a white sand, but too much surf for
+a boat to attempt to land. In gratitude for the many good things we had
+on board, and the very high state of preservation in which they kept, we
+called this Cherry's Island, in honour of ---- Cherry, Esq; Commissioner
+of the Victualling-office.[140-1]
+
+On the 13th of August, we discovered another island to the north west. It
+is mountainous, and covered with wood to the very summit. We saw no
+inhabitants, but smoke in many different parts of it, from which it may
+be presumed it is inhabited. This we called Pitt's Island.[140-2]
+
+On the 17th, at midnight, we discovered breakers on each bow. We had just
+room to wear ship; and as this merciful escape was from the vigilance of
+one Wells, who was looking out ahead, it was called Wells's Shoals. Those
+hair-breadth escapes may point out the propriety of a consort. In the
+morning, at day-light, we put about, to examine the danger we were in,
+and found we had got embayed in a double reef, which will very soon be an
+island. We run round its north west end, and on the 23d saw land, which
+we supposed to be the Luisiade, a cape bearing north east and by east. We
+called it Cape Rodney. Another contiguous to it was called Cape Hood;
+and a mountain between them, we named Mount Clarence.
+
+After passing Cape Hood, the land appears lower, and to trench away about
+north west, forming a deep bay; and it may be doubted whether it joins
+New Guinea or not.
+
+We pursued our course to the westward, keeping Endeavour Straits open, by
+which means we hoped to avoid the dangers Capt. Cook met with in higher
+latitudes.
+
+On the 25th, saw breakers; hauled up, and passed to the westward of them;
+the sea broke very gently on them. To these we gave the name of Look-out
+Shoals. Before noon we saw more breakers, the reef of which was composed
+of very large stones, and called it Stony-reef Island.
+
+On seeing obstruction to the southward, stood to the westward, where
+there appeared to be an opening. We saw an island in that direction, and
+a reef extending a considerable way to the north west. Hauled upon the
+wind, seeing our passage obstructed, and stood off and on, under an easy
+sail in the night, till daylight; and in the morning bore away, and
+discovered four islands, to which the name of Murray's Islands was given.
+On the top of the largest, there was something resembling a
+fortification. We saw at the same time three two-masted boats. We kept
+running along the reef, and in the forenoon thought we saw an opening.
+Lieut. Corner was immediately ordered to get ready, to discover if there
+was a passage for the ship, and went to the topmasthead, to look well
+round him before he left us. It was judged necessary that he should take
+with him an axe, some fuel, provisions, a little water, and a compass,
+previous to his departure.
+
+It was now the 28th of August. It had lately been our custom to lay to in
+the night, M. Bougainville having represented this part of the ocean as
+exceedingly dangerous; and it certainly is the boldest piece of
+navigation that has ever yet been attempted. We would gladly have
+continued the same custom; but the great length of the voyage would not
+permit it, as, after we had passed to the wastward of Bougainville's
+track, the ocean was perfectly unexplored.
+
+At five in the afternoon, a signal was made from the boat, that a passage
+through the reef was discovered for the ship; but wishing to be well
+informed in so intricate a business, and the day being far spent, we
+waited the boats coming on board, made a signal to expedite her, and
+afterwards repeated it. Night closing fast upon us, and considering our
+former misfortunes of losing the tender and jolly-boat, rendered it
+necessary, both for the preservation of the boat, and the success of the
+voyage, to endeavour, by every possible means, to get hold of her.
+
+False fires were burnt, and muskets fired from the ship, and answered by
+the boat reciprocally; and as the flashes from their muskets were
+distinctly seen by us, she was reasonably soon expected on board. We now
+sounded, but had no bottom with a hundred and ten fathom line, till past
+seven o'clock, when we got ground in fifty fathom. The boat was now seen
+close under the stern; we were at the same time lying to, to prevent the
+ship fore-reaching. Immediately on sounding this last time, the topsails
+were filled; but before the tacks were hauled on board, and the sails
+trimmed, she struck on a reef of rocks, and at that instant the boat got
+on board. Every possible effort was attempted to get her off by the
+sails; but that failing, they were furled, and the boats hoisted out with
+a view to carry out an anchor. Before that was accomplished, the
+carpenter reported she made eighteen inches water in five minutes; and in
+a quarter of an hour more, she had nine feet water in the hold.
+
+The hands were immediately turned to the pumps, and to bale at the
+different hatchways. Some of the prisoners were let out of irons, and
+turned to the pumps. At this dreadful crisis, it blew very violently; and
+she beat so hard upon the rocks, that we expected her, every minute, to
+go to pieces. It was an exceeding dark, stormy night; and the gloomy
+horrors of death presented us all round, being every where encompassed
+with rocks, shoals, and broken water. About ten she beat over the reef;
+and we let go the anchor in fifteen fathom water.
+
+The guns were ordered to be thrown overboard; and what hands could be
+spared from the pumps, were employed thrumbing a topsail to haul under
+her bottom, to endeavour to fodder her. To add to our distress, at this
+juncture one of the chain-pumps gave way; and she gained fast upon us.
+The scheme of the topsail was now laid aside, and every soul fell to
+baling and pumping. All the boats, excepting one, were obliged to keep a
+long distance off on account of the broken water, and the very high surf
+that was running near us. We baled between life and death; for had she
+gone down before day-light, every soul must have perished. She now took a
+heel, and some of the guns they were endeavouring to throw over board run
+down to leeward, which crushed one man to death; about the same time, a
+spare topmast came down from the booms, and killed another man.
+
+The people now became faint at the pumps, and it was necessary to give
+them some refreshment. We had luckily between decks a cask of excellent
+strong ale, which we brewed at Anamooka. This was tapped, and served
+regularly to all hands, which was much preferable to spirits, as it gave
+them strength without intoxication. During this trying occasion, the men
+behaved with the utmost intrepidity and obedience, not a man flinching
+from his post. We continually cheered them at the pumps with the delusive
+hopes of its being soon day-light.
+
+About half an hour before day-break, a council of war was held amongst
+the officers; and as she was then settling fast down in the water, it was
+their unanimous opinion, that nothing further could be done for the
+preservation of his Majesty's ship; and it was their next care to save
+the lives of the crew. To effect which, spars, booms, hen-coops, and
+every thing buoyant was cut loose, that when she went down, they might
+chance to get hold of something. The prisoners were ordered to be let out
+of irons. The water was now coming faster in at the gun-ports than the
+pumps could discharge; and to this minute the men never swerved from
+their duty. She now took a very heavy heel, so much that she lay quite
+down on one side.
+
+One of the officers now told the Captain, who was standing aft, that the
+anchor on our bow was under water; that she was then going; and, bidding
+him farewell, jumped over the quarter into the water. The Captain then
+followed his example, and jumped after him. At that instant she took her
+last heel; and, while every one were scrambling to windward, she sunk in
+an instant. The crew had just time to leap over board, accompanying it
+with a most dreadful yell. The cries of the men drowning in the water was
+at first awful in the extreme; but as they sunk, and became faint, it
+died away by degrees. The boats, who were at some considerable distance
+in the drift of the tide, in about half an hour, or little better, picked
+up the remainder of our wretched crew.
+
+Morning now dawned, and the sun shone out. A sandy key, four miles off,
+and about thirty paces long, afforded us a resting place; and when all
+the boats arrived, we mustered our remains, and found that thirty-five
+men and four prisoners were drowned.
+
+After we had a little recovered our strength, the first care was to haul
+up the boats. A guard was placed over the prisoners. Providentially a
+small barrel of water, a cag of wine, some biscuit, and a few muskets and
+cartouch boxes, had been thrown into the boat. The heat of the sun, and
+the reflection from the sand, was now excruciating; and our stomachs
+being filled with salt water, from the great length of time we were
+swimming before we were picked up, rendered our thirst most intolerable;
+and no water was allowed to be served out the first day. By a calculation
+which we made, by filling the compass boxes, and every utensil we had, we
+could admit an allowance of two small wine glasses of water a-day to each
+man for sixteen days.
+
+A saw and hammer had fortunately been in one of the boats, which enabled
+us, with the greater expedition, to make preparations for our voyage, by
+repairing one of the boats, which was in a very bad state, and cutting up
+the floor-boards of all the boats into uprights, round which we stretched
+canvas, to keep the water from breaking into the boats at sea. We made
+tents of the boats' sails; and when it was dark, we set the watch, and
+went to sleep. In the night we were disturbed by the irregular behaviour
+of one Connell, which led us to suspect he had stole our wine, and got
+drunk; but, on further inquiry, we found that the excruciating torture he
+suffered from thirst led him to drink salt water; by which means he went
+mad, and died in the sequel of the voyage.
+
+Next morning Mr. George Passmore, the master, was dispatched in one of
+the boats to visit the wreck, to see if any thing floated round her that
+might be useful to us in our present distressed state. He returned in two
+hours, and brought with him a cat, which he found clinging to the
+top-gallant-mast-head; a piece of the top-gallant-mast, which he cut
+away; and about fifteen feet of the lightning chain; which being copper,
+we cut up, and converted into nails for fitting out the boats. Some of
+the gigantic cockle was boiled, and cut into junks, lest any one should
+be inclined to eat. But our thirst was too excessive to bear any thing
+which would increase it. This evening a wine glass of water was served to
+each man. A paper-parcel of tea having been thrown into the boat, the
+officers joined all their allowance, and had tea in the Captain's tent
+with him. When it was boiled, every one took a salt-cellar spoonful, and
+passed it to his neighbour; by which means we moistened our mouths by
+slow degrees, and received much refreshment from it.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[136-1] Vavau.
+
+[136-2] Manua.
+
+[136-3] Tutuila.
+
+[136-4] De Langle's boat had been cut off on 10 Dec. 1787.
+
+[137-1] Finau Ulukalala.
+
+[138-1] Niuafoou.
+
+[138-2] A sign of mourning.
+
+[140-1] Anula.
+
+[140-2] Vanikoro.
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. IV.
+
+VOYAGE FROM THE WRECK TO THE ISLAND OF TIMOR.
+
+
+EVERY thing being ready on the following day, at twelve o'clock, we
+embarked in our little squadron, each boat having been previously
+supplied with the latitude and longitude of the island of Timor, eleven
+hundred miles from this place.
+
+Our order of sailing was as follows.
+
+
+In the Pinnace:
+
+Capt. Edwards,
+Lieut. Hayward,
+Mr. Rickards, Master's Mate,
+Mr. Packer, Gunner,
+Mr. Edmonds, Captain's Clerk,
+    Three Prisoners,
+    Sixteen Privates.
+
+
+In the Red Yaul:
+
+Lieut. Larkan,
+Mr. Geo. Hamilton, Surgeon,
+Mr. Reynolds, Master's Mate,
+Mr. Matson, Midshipman,
+    Two Prisoners,
+    Eighteen Privates.
+
+
+In the Launch:
+
+Lieut. Corner,
+Mr. Gregory Bentham, Purser,
+Mr. Montgomery, Carpenter,
+Mr. Bowling, Master's Mate,
+Mr. M'Kendrick, Midshipman,
+    Two Prisoners,
+    Twenty-four Privates.
+
+
+In the Blue Yaul:
+
+Mr. Geo. Passmore, Master,
+Mr. Cunningham, Boatswain,
+Mr. James Innes, Surgeon's Mate,
+Mr. Fenwick, Midshipman,
+Mr. Pycroft, Midshipman,
+    Three Prisoners,
+    Fifteen Privates.
+
+
+As soon as embarked, we laid the oars upon the thwarts, which formed a
+platform, by which means we stowed two tier of men. A pair of wooden
+scales was made in each boat, and a musket-ball weight of bread served to
+each man. At meridian we saw a key, bounded with large craggy rocks. As
+the principal part of our subsistence was in the launch, it was necessary
+to keep together, both for our defence and support. We towed each other
+during the night, and at day-break cast off the tow-line.
+
+At eight in the morning, the red and blue yauls were sent ahead, to sound
+and investigate the coast of New South Wales, and to search for a
+watering-place. The country had been described as very destitute of the
+article of water; but on entering a very fine bay, we found most
+excellent water rushing from a spring at the very edge of the beach. Here
+we filled our bellies, a tea-kettle, and two quart bottles. The pinnace
+and launch had gone too far ahead to observe any signal of our success;
+and immediately we made sail after them. The coast has a very barren
+aspect; and, from the appearance of the soil and land, looks like a
+country abounding with minerals.
+
+As we passed round the bay, two canoes, with three black men in each, put
+off, and paddled very hard to get near us. They stood up in the canoes,
+waved, and made many signs for us to come to them. But as they were
+perfectly naked, had a very savage aspect, and having heard an
+indifferent account of the natives of that country, we judged it prudent
+to avoid them.
+
+In two hours we joined the pinnace and launch, who were lying to for us.
+At ten at night we were alarmed with the dreadful cry of breakers ahead.
+We had got amongst a reef of rocks; and in our present state, being worn
+out and fatigued, it is difficult to say how we got out of them, as the
+place was fraught with danger all round; for in standing clear of Scylla,
+we might fall foul of Charybdis; the horror of which, considering our
+present situation, may be better understood than expressed. After running
+along, we came to an inhabited island, from which we promised ourselves a
+supply of water. On our approach, the natives flocked down to the beach
+in crowds. They were jet black, and neither sex had either covering or
+girdle. We made signals of distress to them for something to drink, which
+they understood; and on receiving some trifling presents of knives, and
+some buttons cut off our coats, they brought us a cag of good water,
+which we emptied in a minute, and then sent it back to be filled again.
+They, however, would not bring it the second time, but put it down on the
+beach, and made signs to us to come on shore for it. This we declined, as
+we observed the women and children running, and supplying the men with
+bows and arrows. In a few minutes, they let fly a shower of arrows
+amongst the thick of us. Luckily we had not a man wounded; but an arrow
+fell between the Captain and Third Lieutenant, and went through the boats
+thwart, and stuck in it. It was an oak-plank inch thick. We immediately
+discharged a volley of muskets at them, which put them to flight. There
+were, however, none of them killed. We now abandoned all hopes of
+refreshment here. This island lies contiguous to Mountainous Island.
+
+It may be observed, that the channel throughout the reef is better than
+any hitherto known. We ascertained the latitudes with the greatest
+accuracy and exactness; and should government be inclined to plant trees
+on those sandy keys, particularly the outermost one, it would be a good
+distinguishing mark; and many difficulties which Capt. Cook experienced
+to the southward would also be avoided. The cocoa-nut tree, on account of
+its hardy nature, and the Norfolk and common pines, might be preferred,
+from their height rendering the place more conspicuous. The tides or
+currents are strong and irregular here, as may be expected, from the
+extending reefs, shoals, and keys, and its vicinity to Endeavour Straits.
+
+We steered from these hostile savages to other islands in sight, and sent
+some armed men on shore, with orders to keep pretty near us, and to run
+close along shore in the boats. But they returned without success. This
+island we called Plumb Island, from its bearing an austere, astringent
+kind of fruit, resembling plumbs, but not fit to eat.
+
+In the evening, we steered for those islands which we supposed were
+called the Prince of Wales's Islands; and about two o'clock in the
+morning, came to an anchor with a grappling, along side of an island,
+which we called Laforey's Island. As the night was very dark, and this
+was the last land that could afford us relief, all hands went to sleep,
+to refresh our woe-worn spirits.
+
+The morning was ushered in with the howling of wolves, who had smelt us
+in the night, when prowling for food. Lieut. Corner and a party were sent
+at day-light, to search again for water; and, as we approached, the wild
+beasts retired, and filled the woods with their hideous growling. As soon
+as we landed, we discovered a foot-path which led down into a hollow,
+where we were led to suspect that water might be found; and on digging
+four or five feet, we had the ecstatic pleasure to see a spring rush out.
+A glad messenger was immediately dispatched to the beach, to make a
+signal to the boats of our success. On traversing the shore, we
+discovered a morai, or rather a heap of bones. There were amongst them
+two human skulls, the bones of some large animals, and some turtle-bones.
+They were heaped together in the form of a grave, and a very long paddle,
+supported at each end by a bifurcated branch of a tree, was laid
+horizontally alongst it.
+
+Near to this, there were marks of a fire having been recently made. The
+ground about was much footed and wore; whence it may be presumed feasts
+or sacrifices had been frequently held, as there were several foot-paths
+which led to this spot. After having gorged our parched bodies with
+water, till we were perfectly water-logged, we began to feel the cravings
+of hunger; a new sensation of misery we had hitherto been strangers to,
+from the excess of thirst predominating. Some of our stragglers were
+lucky enough to find a few small oysters on the shore. A harsh, austere,
+astringent kind of fruit, resembling a plumb, was found in some places.
+As I discovered some to be pecked at by the birds, we permitted the men
+to fill their bellies with them. There was a small berry, of a similar
+taste to the plumb, which was found by some of the party. On observing
+the dung of some of the larger animals, many of them were found in it, in
+an undigested state; we therefore concluded we might venture upon them
+with safety. We carefully avoided shooting at any bird, lest the report
+of the muskets should alarm the natives, whom we had every reason to
+suspect were at no great distance, from the number of foot paths that led
+over the hill, and the noise we heard at intervals. Centinels were placed
+to prevent stragglers of our party from exceeding the proper bounds; and
+when every other thing was filled with water, the carpenter's boots were
+also filled. The water in them was first served out, on account of
+leakage.
+
+There is a large sound formed here, to which we gave the name of
+Sandwich's Sound, and commodious anchorage for shipping in the bay, to
+which we gave the name of Wolf's Bay, in which there is from five to
+seven fathom water all round. This is extremely well situated for a
+rendezvous in surveying Endeavour Straits; and were a little colony
+settled here, a concatenation of Christian settlements would enchain the
+world, and be useful to any unfortunate ship of whatever nation, that
+might be wrecked in these seas; or, should a rupture take place in South
+America, a great vein of commerce might find its way through this
+channel.
+
+Hammond's Island lies north west and by west, Parker's Island from north
+and by west to north and by east, and an island seen to the north
+entrance north west. We supposed it to be an island called by Captain
+Bligh Mountainous Island, laid down in latitude 10.16 South.
+
+Sandwich's Sound is formed by Hammond's, Parker's, and a cluster of small
+islands on the starboard hand, at its eastern entrance. We also called a
+back land behind Hammond's Island, and the other islands to the southward
+of it, Cornwallis's Land. The uppermost part of the mountain was
+separated from the main by a large gap. Under the gap, low land was seen;
+but whether that was a continuation of the main or not, we could not
+determine. Near the centre of the sound is a small dark-coloured, rocky
+island.
+
+This afternoon, at three o'clock, being the 2d of September, our little
+squadron sailed again, and in the evening saw a high peaked island lying
+north west, which we called Hawkesbury's Island. The passage through the
+north entrance is about two miles wide. After passing through it, saw a
+reef. As we approached it, we shallowed our water to three fathom; but on
+hauling up more to the south west, we deepened it again to six fathom.
+Saw several very large turtle, but could not catch any of them. After
+clearing the reef, stood to the westward. Mountainous Island bore N. half
+E.; Capt. Bligh's west island, which appears in Three Hummocks, N.N.W.; a
+rock N.W. at the S.W. extreme of the main land, S. and by E.; and the
+northernmost cape of New South Wales, S.S.E.; and to the extreme of the
+land in sight, the eastward E. half N. a small distance from the nearest
+of the Prince of Wales's Islands, we discovered another island, and which
+we called Christian's Island. Saw Two Hummock between Hawkesbury's Island
+and Mountainous Island; but could not be certain whether it was one or
+two islands.
+
+We now entered the great Indian ocean, and had a voyage of a thousand
+miles to undertake in our open boats. As soon as we cleared the land, we
+found a very heavy swell running, which threatened destruction to our
+little fleet; for should we have separated, we must inevitably perish for
+want of water, as we had not utensils to divide our slender stock. For
+our mutual preservation, we took each other in tow again; but the sea was
+so rough, and the swell running so high, we towed very hard, and broke a
+new tow-line. This put us in the utmost confusion, being afraid of
+dashing to pieces upon each other, as it was a very dark night. We again
+made fast to each other; but the tow-line breaking a second time, we
+were obliged to trust ourselves to the mercy of the waves. At five in
+the morning, the pinnace lay to, as the other boats had passed her under
+a dark cloud; but on the signal being made for the boats to join, we
+again met at day-light. At meridian, we passed some remarkable black and
+yellow striped sea snakes. On the afternoon of the 4th of September, gave
+out the exact latitude of our rendezvous in writing; also the longitude
+by the time-keeper at this present time, in case of unavoidable
+separation.
+
+On the night between the 5th and 6th, the sea running very cross and
+high, the tow-line broke several times; the boats strained, and made much
+water; and we were obliged to leave off towing the rest of the voyage, or
+it would have dragged the boats asunder. On the 7th, the Captain's boat
+caught a booby. They sucked his blood, and divided him into twenty-four
+shares.
+
+The men who were employed steering the boats, were often subject to a
+_coup de soleil_, as every one else were continually wetting their shirts
+overboard, and putting it upon their head, which alleviated the scorching
+heat of the sun, to which we were entirely exposed, most of us having
+lost our hats while swimming at the time the ship was wrecked. It may be
+observed, that this method of wetting our bodies with salt water is not
+advisable, if the misery is protracted beyond three or four days, as,
+after that time, the great absorption from the skin that takes place from
+the increased heat and fever, makes the fluids become tainted with the
+bittern of the salt water; so much so, that the saliva became intolerable
+in the mouth. It may likewise be worthy of remark, that those who drank
+their own urine died in the sequel of the voyage.
+
+We now neglected weighing our slender allowance of bread, our mouths
+becoming so parched, that few attempted to eat; and what was not claimed
+was thrown into the general stock. We found old people suffer much more
+than those that were young. A particular instance of that we observed in
+one young boy, a midshipman, who sold his allowance of water two days for
+one allowance of bread. As their sufferings continued, they became very
+cross and savage in their temper. In the Captain's boat, one of the
+prisoners took to praying, and they gathered round him with much
+attention and seeming devotion. But the Captain suspecting the purity of
+his doctrines, and unwilling he should make a monopoly of the business,
+gave prayers himself. On the 9th, we passed a great many of the Nautilus
+fish, the shell of which served us to put our glass of water into; by
+which means we had more time granted to dip our finger in it, and wet our
+mouths by slow degrees. There were several flocks of birds seen flying in
+a direction for the land.
+
+On the 13th, in the morning, we saw the land, and the discoverer was
+immediately rewarded with a glass of water; but, as if our cup of misery
+was not completely full, it fell a dead calm. The boats now all
+separated, every one pushing to make the land. Next day we got pretty
+near it; but there was a prodigious surf running. Two of our men slung a
+bottle about their necks, jumped overboard, and swam through the surf.
+They traversed over a good many miles, till a creek intercepted them;
+when they came down to the beach, and made signs to us of their not
+having succeeded. We then brought the boat as near the surf as we durst
+venture, and picked them up. In running along the coast, about twelve
+o'clock, we had the pleasure to see the red yaul get into a creek. She
+had hoisted an English jack at her mast-head, that we might observe her
+in running down the coast. There was a prodigious surf, and many
+dangerous shoals, between us and the mouth of the creek; we, however,
+began to share the remains of our water, and about half a bottle came to
+each man's share, which we dispatched in an instant.
+
+We now gained fresh spirits, and hazarded every thing in gaining our so
+much wished for haven. It is but justice here to acknowledge how much we
+were indebted to the intrepidity, courage, and seaman-like behaviour of
+Mr. Reynolds the master's mate, who fairly beat her over all the reefs,
+and brought us safe on shore. The crew of the blue yaul, who had been two
+or three hours landed, assisted in landing our party. A fine spring of
+water near to the creek afforded us immediate relief. As soon as we had
+filled our belly, a guard was placed over the prisoners, and we went to
+sleep for a few hours on the grass.
+
+In the afternoon, a Chinese chief came down the creek in a canoe,
+attended by some of the natives, to wait upon us. He was a venerable
+looking old man; we endeavoured to walk down to the water-side, to
+receive him, and acquaint him with the nature of our distress.
+
+We addressed him in French and in English, neither of which he
+understood; but misery was so strongly depicted in our countenances, that
+language was superfluous. The tears trickling down his venerable cheeks
+convinced us he saw and felt our misfortunes; and silence was eloquence
+on the subject.
+
+He made us understand by signs, that without fee or reward we should be
+supplied with horses, and conducted to Coupang, a Dutch East-India
+settlement, about seventy miles distant, the place of our rendezvous.
+This we politely declined, as the nature of our duty in the charge of the
+prisoners would not admit of it. We took leave of him for the present,
+after receiving promises of refreshment.
+
+Soon after, crowds of the natives came down with fowls, pigs, milk, and
+bread. Mr. Innes, the surgeon's mate, happened luckily to have some
+silver in his pocket, to which they applied the touchstone, but would not
+give us any thing for guineas. However, anchor-buttons answered the
+purpose, as they gave us provision for a few buttons, which they refused
+the same number of guineas for; till a hungry dog, one of the carpenter's
+crew, happening to pick up an officer's jacket, spoiled the market, by
+giving it, buttons and all, for a pair of fowls, which a few buttons
+might have purchased.
+
+All hands were busied in roasting the fowls, and boiling the pork; in the
+evening we made a very hearty supper. While we were regaling ourselves
+round a large fire, some wild beast gave a roar in the bushes. Some who
+had been in India before, declared it was the jackall; we therefore,
+concluded the lion could not be far off. Some were jocularly observing
+what a glorious supper the lord of the forest would make of us; but
+others were rather troubled with the dismaloes. This gave a gloomy turn
+to the conversation; and our minds having been previously much engaged
+with savages and wild beasts, and our bodies worn out through famine and
+watching, I believe the contagious effects of fear became pretty general.
+From Bligh's narrative, and others, we had been warned of the danger of
+landing in any other part of the island of Timor but Coupang, the Dutch
+settlement, as they were represented hostile and savage.
+
+It is customary with those people, as we afterwards learnt, to do their
+hard work, such as beating out their rice at night, to avoid the
+scorching heat of the sun; and the whole village, which was about two
+miles off, joined in the general song, which every where chears and
+accompanies labour. As they had made us great offers for some cartridges
+of powder, which our duty could not suffer us to part with, we
+immediately interpreted this song into the war-hoop, and concluded, that
+they were going to take by force what they could not gain by entreaty.
+Nature, however, at last worn out, inclined to rest. The First Lieutenant
+and Master went on board of the boats, which were at anchor in the middle
+of the river, for the better security of the prisoners; and, ranging
+ourselves round, with our feet to the fire, went to sleep.
+
+At dawn of day, the master gave the huntsman's hollow, which some, from
+being suddenly awaked, thought they were attacked by the Indians. We were
+all panic struck, and could not get thoroughly awaked, being so
+exhausted, and overpowered with sleep. Most of us were scrambling upon
+all fours down to the river, and crying for Christ's sake to have mercy
+upon them, till those who were foremost in the scramble, in crawling into
+the creek, got recovered from their plight by their hands being immersed
+in water; yet those who were foremost in running away, were not last in
+upbraiding the rest with cowardice, notwithstanding there were pretty
+evident marks upon some of them, of the cold water having produced its
+usual effects of micturition.
+
+Next day we went up the creek, in one of the boats, about four miles, to
+one of their towns, with an intention of purchasing provisions for our
+sea-store. As we entered the town, the king was riding out, attended by
+twenty carabineers or body-guards, well mounted, and respectably armed.
+He passed us with all the _sang froid_ imaginable, scarce deigning to
+glance at us.
+
+In purchasing a pig, the man finding a good price for it, offered to
+traffic with us for the charms of his daughter, a very pretty young girl.
+But none of us seemed inclined that way, as there were many good things
+we stood much more in need of.
+
+At one o'clock, being high water, we embarked again in our boats for
+Coupang. We sailed along the coast all day till it was dark; and, fearful
+lest we should over-shoot our port in the night, put into a bay. After
+laying some time, we observed a light; and after hallooing and making a
+noise, the natives came down with torches in their hands, waded up
+alongside of us, and offered their assistance, which we accepted of, in
+lighting fires, and dressing the victuals we had brought with us, that no
+time might be lost in landing or cooking the next day.
+
+At day break, we again proceeded on our voyage, and at five in the
+afternoon we landed at Coupang. The Governor, Mynheer Vanion, received us
+with the utmost politeness, kindness, and hospitality. The
+Lieutenant-Governor, Mynheer Fry, was likewise extremely kind and
+attentive, in rendering every assistance possible, and in giving the
+necessary orders for our support and relief in our present distressed
+state.
+
+Next morning being Sunday, as we supposed, the 17th of September, we were
+preparing for Church, to return thanks to Almighty God, for his divine
+interposition in our miraculous preservation; but were disappointed in
+our pious intentions; for we found it was Monday, the 18th, having lost a
+day by performing a circuit of the globe to the westward.
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. V.
+
+OCCURRENCES AT COUPANG; VOYAGE TO BATAVIA, &c.; ARRIVAL IN ENGLAND.
+
+
+THIS is the Montpelier of the East to the Dutch and Portuguese
+settlements in India; and, from the salubrity of its air, is the
+favourite resort of valetudinarians and invalids from Batavia and other
+places. This island is fertile, variegated with hill and dale, and
+equally beautiful as diversified with Rotti, and its appendant isles. It
+is as large as the island of Great Britain. Its principal trade is wax,
+honey, and sandlewood; but the whole of its revenues do not defray the
+expence of the settlement to the Company; but from the locality of its
+situation, it is convenient for their other islands. They had the
+monopoly of the sandlewood trade, which is used in all temples, mosques,
+and places of worship in the East, every Chinese having a sprig of it
+burning day and night near their household-gods.
+
+The exclusive trade of sandlewood was valuable and convenient to the
+Dutch; but, from the vast extent of territory lately acquired in India,
+we have plenty of that commodity without going to the Dutch market. Close
+to the Dutch town is a Chinese town and temple. They have a governor of
+their own nation, but pay large tribute to the Dutch. Notwithstanding
+their trade is under very severe restrictions, they soon make rich; and,
+as soon as they become independent, return to their own country. For
+European and India goods the natives barter their produce, and sell their
+prisoners of war, who are carried to Batavia as slaves, and the natives
+of Java sent from Batavia to this place in return. As they hold their
+tenure more from policy than strength, it would be impolitic to irritate
+them, by exposing their countrymen, subjugated to the lash of slavery and
+oppression.
+
+An instance of this soul-couping business fell under our inspection while
+here. One of the petty princes, in settling his account with a merchant
+of this place, was some dollars short of cash. He just stepped to the
+door, and casting his eye on an elderly man who was near him, he laid
+hold of him; and, with the assistance of some of his myrmidons, gave him
+up as a slave, and so settled his account. We felt more interested in the
+fate of this poor wretch, on account of his having been a prince himself,
+but never before saw the face of his oppressor. He went passenger in the
+ship with us to Batavia.
+
+It was a pleasing and flattering sight to an Englishman, at this remotest
+corner of the globe, to see that Wedgewood's stoneware, and Birmingham
+goods, had found their way into the shops of Coupang.
+
+During our five weeks stay here, the Governor, Mynheer Vanion, by every
+act of politeness and attention endeavoured to make us spend our time
+agreeably. We were sumptuously regaled at his table every day, and the
+evening was spent with cards and concerts. I could dwell with pleasure
+for an age in praise of this honest Dutchman; it is the tribute of a
+grateful heart, and his due. This is the third time he has had an
+opportunity of extending his hospitality to shipwrecked Englishmen.
+
+About a fortnight before we arrived, a boat, with eight men, a woman, and
+two children, came on shore here, who told him they were the supercargo,
+part of the crew, and passengers of an English brig, wrecked in these
+seas. His house, which has ever been the asylum of the distressed, was
+open for their reception. They drew bills on the British government, and
+were supplied with every necessary they stood in need of.
+
+The captain of a Dutch East Indiaman, who spoke English, hearing of the
+arrival of Capt. Edwards, and our unfortunate boat, run to them with the
+glad tidings of their Captain having arrived; but one of them, starting
+up in surprise, said, "What Captain! dam'me, we have no Captain;" for
+they had reported, that the Captain and remainder of the crew had
+separated from them at sea in another boat. This immediately led to a
+suspicion of their being impostors; and they were ordered to be
+apprehended, and put into the castle. One of the men, and the woman, fled
+into the woods; but were soon taken. They confessed they were English
+convicts, and that they had made their escape from Botany Bay. They had
+been supplied with a quadrant, a compass, a chart, and some small arms
+and ammunition, from a Dutch ship that lay there; and the expedition was
+conducted by the Governor's fisherman, whose time of transportation was
+expired. He was a good seaman, and a tolerable navigator. They dragged
+along the coast of New South Wales; and as often as the hostile nature of
+the savage natives would permit, hauled their boat up at night, and slept
+on shore. They met with several curious and interesting anecdotes in this
+voyage. In many places of the coast of South Wales, they found very good
+coal; a circumstance that was not before known. Our men were now
+beginning to regain their strength; and Captain Dadleberg of the Rembang
+Indiaman was making every possible dispatch with his ship to carry us to
+Batavia.
+
+During this time, the interment of Balthazar, King of Coupang, was
+performed with much funeral pomp. The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and
+all the Europeans were invited. Six months had been spent in preparations
+for this fete, at which an emperor and twenty-five kings assisted and
+attended in person with all their body-guards, standards, and
+standard-bearers, were present. When the corpse was deposited in the
+sepulchre, the Company's troops fired three vollies, and victuals and
+drink were immediately served to four thousand people.
+
+The Dutch and English officers were invited to a very sumptuous dinner,
+at a table provided for the emperor and all the kings. The first toast
+after dinner was the dead king's health. Next they drank Mynheer
+Company's health, which was accompanied with a volley of small arms and
+paterreros. The singularity of Mynheer Company's health, led us to
+request an explanation; when we were informed, they found it necessary to
+make them believe that Mynheer Company was a great and powerful king,
+lest they should not be inclined to pay that submission to a company of
+merchants.
+
+The inaugural ceremony at the installation of the young king, was
+performed by his drinking a bumper of brandy and gunpowder, stirred round
+with the point of a sword. After being invested with the regal dignity,
+he came down in state, to pay his respects to the governor. As he was
+preceded by music, and colours flying, every one turned out to see him.
+Amongst the rest was a captive king in chains, who was employed blowing
+the bellows to our armourer, whilst he was forging bolts and fetters for
+our prisoners and convicts. Here the sunshine of prosperity, and the
+mutability of human greatness, were excellently pourtrayed.
+
+By a policy in the Dutch, in supplying the petty princes with ammunition
+and warlike stores, feuds and dissentions are kindled amongst them; and
+they are kept so completely engaged in civil war, that they have no time
+to observe the encroachments of strangers. That domestic strife serves
+likewise amply to supply the slave trade from the prisoners of both
+parties. They, however, some time since, made head against the common
+enemy, and forced the Dutch to retire within their trenches.
+
+It is the custom, in this climate, to bathe morning and evening. A fine
+river, which runs in the centre of the town, is conveniently situated for
+that purpose; and we availed ourselves of it when our strength would
+permit. Nature has been profusely lavish, in producing, in the
+neighbourhood of this place, all the varied powers of landscape that the
+most luxuriant fancy can suggest. But, while enjoying the picturesque
+beauties of the scene, or sheltering in the translucent stream from the
+fervour of meridian heat, you are suddenly chilled with fear, from the
+terrific aspect of the alligator, or crested snake, and a number of
+venomous reptiles, with which this country abounds. There is one in
+particular called the cowk cowk; it is the most disgusting looking animal
+that creeps the ground, and its bite is mortal. It is about a foot and a
+half long, and seems a production between the toad and lizard. At stated
+periods it makes a noise exactly like a cuckoo clock. Even the natives
+fly from it with the utmost horror. The alligators are daring and
+numerous. There are instances of their devouring men and children when
+bathing in the shallow part of the river above the town.
+
+The Governor, Mynheer Vanion, relates a circumstance that happened to him
+while hunting. In crossing a shallow part of the river, his black boy was
+snapped up by an alligator; but the Governor immediately dismounted,
+rescued the boy out of his mouth, and slew him.
+
+The natives of Timor are subject to a cutaneous disease during their
+infancy, something similar to the small pox, but of longer duration. It
+seldom terminates fatally, and only seizes them once in their
+lives.[165-1]
+
+On the 6th of October, we embarked on board the Rembang Dutch Indiaman,
+taking with us the prisoners and convicts. Our crew became very sickly in
+passing the Straits of Alice [Allas]. We had frequent calms and sultry
+weather until the 12th. In passing the island of Flores, a most
+tremendous storm arose. In a few minutes every sail of the ship was
+shivered to pieces; the pumps all choaked, and useless; the leak gaining
+fast upon us; and she was driving down, with all the impetuosity
+imaginable, on a savage shore, about seven miles under our lee. This
+storm was attended with the most dreadful thunder and lightning we had
+ever experienced. The Dutch seamen were struck with horror, and went
+below; and the ship was preserved from destruction by the manly exertion
+of our English tars, whose souls seemed to catch redoubled ardour from
+the tempest's rage. Indeed it is only in these trying moments of
+distress, when the abyss of destruction is yawning to receive them, that
+the transcendent worth of a British seaman is most conspicuous. Nor would
+I wish, from what I have observed above, to throw any stigma on the
+Dutch, who I believe would fight the devil, should he appear in any other
+shape to them but that of thunder and lightning.
+
+It may be remarked, that the Straits of Alice are not so dangerous as
+those of Sapy [Sapi], and are for many reasons preferable; but it is so
+intricate a navigation that a Dutchman bound from Timor to Batavia,
+after beating about for twelve months, found himself exactly where he
+first started from.
+
+On the 21st, we got through Alice, and saw three prow-vessels, who are a
+very daring set of pirates that infest those seas. On the 22nd, saw the
+islands of Kangajunk and Ulk, and run through the channel that is between
+them. Next day we saw the island of Madura.
+
+On the 26th, saw the island of Java; and on the 30th, anchored at
+Samarang.
+
+Immediately on our coming to anchor, we were agreeably surprised to find
+our tender here which we had so long given up for lost. Never was social
+affection more eminently pourtrayed than in the meeting of these poor
+fellows; and from excess of joy, and a recital of their mutual
+sufferings, from pestilence, famine, and shipwreck, a flood of tears
+filled every man's breast.
+
+They informed us, the night they parted company with us, the savages
+attacked them in a regular and powerful body in their canoes; and their
+never having seen a European ship before, nor being able to conceive any
+idea of fire-arms, made the conflict last longer than it otherwise would;
+for, seeing no missive weapon made use of, when their companions were
+killed, they did not suspect any thing to be the matter with them, as
+they tumbled into the water. Our seven-barrelled pieces made great havoc
+amongst them. One fellow had agility enough to spring over their
+boarding-netting, and was levelling a blow with his war-club at Mr.
+Oliver, the commanding-officer, who had the good fortune to shoot him.
+
+On not finding the ship next day, they gave up all further hopes of her,
+and steered for Anamooka, the rendezvous Captain Edwards had appointed.
+Their distress for want of water, if possible, surpassed that of our own,
+and had so strong an effect on one of the young gentlemen, that the day
+following he became delirious, and continued so for some months after it.
+
+They at last made the island of Tofoa, near to Anamooka, which they
+mistook for it. After trading with the natives for provisions and water,
+they made an attempt to take the vessel from them, which they always will
+to a small vessel, when alone; but they were soon overpowered with the
+fire arms. They were, however, obliged to be much on their guard
+afterwards, at those islands which were inhabited.
+
+After much diversity of distress, and similar encounters, they at last
+made the reef that runs between New Guinea and New Holland, where the
+_Pandora_ met her unhappy fate; and after traversing from shore to shore,
+without finding an opening, this intrepid young seaman boldly gave it the
+stem, and beat over the reef. The alternative was dreadful, as famine
+presented them on the one hand, and shipwreck on the other. Soon after
+they had passed Endeavour Straits, they fell in with a small Dutch
+vessel, who shewed them every tenderness that the nature of their
+distress required.
+
+They were soon landed at a small Dutch settlement; but the governor
+having a description of the _Bounty's_ pirates from our court, and their
+vessel being built of foreign timber, served to confirm them in their
+suspicions; and as no officer in the British navy bears a commission or
+warrant under the rank of lieutenant, where, by seal of office, their
+person or quality may be identified, they had only their bare _ipse
+dixit_ to depend on. They, however, behaved to them with great precaution
+and humanity. Although they kept a strict guard over them, nothing was
+withheld to render their situation agreeable; and they were sent, under a
+proper escort, to this place.
+
+This settlement is reckoned next to Batavia, and is so lucrative, that
+the governor is changed every five years. The present governor's name is
+Overstraaten, a gentleman of splendid taste and unbounded hospitality,
+who lives in a princely style; and to the _otium dignitate_ of Asiatic
+luxury, has the happiness to join an honest hearty Dutch welcome.
+
+A regiment of the Duke of Wirtemburg is doing duty here, amongst whom
+were several men of rank and fashion, who shewed us much civility and
+politeness.
+
+The town is regular and beautiful, and the houses are built in a style of
+architecture, which has given loose to the most sportive fancy. Each
+street is terminated with some public building, such as a great marine
+school, for the education of young officers and seamen; an hospital for
+decayed officers in the Company's service; churches; the Governor's
+palace, &c. &c. Here the _utile dulce_ has not been neglected, and those
+objects of national importance are placed in a proper point of view, as
+the just pride and ornament of a great commercial people.
+
+Such is the effect of early prejudices, that, under the muzle of the sun,
+a Dutchman cannot exist without snuffing the putrid exhalations from
+stagnant water, to which they have been accustomed from their infancy.
+They are intersecting it so fast with canals, that in a year or two this
+beautiful town will be completely dammed.
+
+In a few days, we arrived at Batavia, the emporeum of the Dutch in the
+East; and our first care was employed in sending to the hospital the
+sickly remains of our unfortunate crew. Some dead bodies floating down
+the canal struck our boat, which had a very disagreeable effect on the
+minds of our brave fellows, whose nerves were reduced to a very weak
+state from sickness. This was a _coup de grace_ to a sick man on his
+_premier entree_ into this painted sepulchre, this golgotha of Europe,
+which buries the whole settlement every five years.
+
+It is not the climate I am inveighing against; it is the Gothic,
+diabolical ideas of the people I indite.
+
+Were they only Dutchmen who supplied the ravenous maw of death, it would
+be impertinence in me to make any comment on it; but when the whole globe
+lends its aid to supply this destructive settlement, and its baneful
+effects arising more from the letch a Dutchman has for stagnant mud than
+from climate, I hope the indulgent reader will pardon my spleen, when I
+tell them professionally that all the mortality of that place originates
+from marsh effluvia, arising from their stagnant canals and
+pleasure-grounds.
+
+The Chinese are here the Jews of the East, and as soon as they make their
+fortune, they go home. Let the amateurs of the Republican system read and
+learn. Be not surprised when it is observed, that these little great men,
+those vile hawkers of spice and nutmegs, exact a submission that the most
+absolute and tyrannical monarch who ever swayed a sceptre would be
+ashamed of. The compass of my work will not allow me to be particular;
+but I must instance one among many others. When an edilleer, or one of
+the supreme council, meets a carriage, the gentleman who meets him must
+alight, and make him a perfect bow in spirit; not one of Bunburry's long
+bows, but that bow which carries humility and submission in it, that sort
+of bow which every vertebrae in an English back is anchylosed against.
+
+In our passage from this to the Cape, before we left Java, one of the
+convicts had jumped over board in the night, and swam to the Dutch
+arsenal at Honroost. In passing Bantan, we viewed the relics of Lord
+Cathcart. We met nothing particular in passing the island of Sumatra, but
+experienced great death and sickness in going through the Straits of
+Sunda; and after a tedious passage, arrived at the Cape of Good Hope.
+
+Here we met with many civilities from Colonel Gordon; a gentleman no less
+eminent for his private virtues than his extraordinary military and
+literary accomplishments. From his labours, all the host of voyagers and
+historians of that part of the globe have been purloining; but it is to
+be hoped the world will, at some future period, be favoured with his
+works unmutilated.
+
+The town is gay, and from length of habit, the inhabitants partake much
+of the manners of Bath; and, for a short season, behave with the utmost
+attention and tenderness. Their dress and customs are more characteristic
+of the English than Dutch. An uncommon rage for building has lately
+prevailed; and although they cannot boast of that chastity of style in
+which Samarang is built it is gaudy, and calculated to please the
+generality of observers.
+
+Allow me to mention the singular manner in which the monkeys make
+depredations on the gardens here. They place a proper piquet, or advanced
+guard, as sentinels, when a party is drawn up in a line, who hand the
+fruit from one to another; and when the alarm is given by the
+piquet-guard, they all take flight, making sure that by that time the
+booty is conveyed to a considerable distance. But should the piquet be
+negligent in their duty, and suffer the main body to be surprised, the
+delinquents are severely punished.
+
+The same ill-fated rage for canalling-murder prevails here. They have
+even contrived to carry canals to the top of a mountain. The boors, or
+country-farmers, are a species of the human race, so gigantic and
+superior to the rest of mankind, in point of size and constitution, that
+they may be called nondescripts.
+
+Their hospital, as to scite, surpasses any in the world. It may be
+observed, however, that the architect, by the smallness of the windows,
+which only serve to exclude the light and air, seems to have studied,
+with much ingenuity, to render it a cadaverous stinking prison.
+
+After being refreshed at the Cape, we passed St. Helena, the island of
+Ascension, and arrived at Holland; and had the happiness, through the
+interposition of divine Providence, to be again landed on our native
+shore.
+
+The Latitudes and Longitudes of the different places touched at or
+discovered by his Majesty's ship _Pandora_, taken with the greatest
+accuracy from the centre of the islands.
+
+Names of Places.                           Latitudes.      Longitudes.
+
+Gomera,                                  | 28  5    N   |   17  8      W
+Canary, N.E. point,                      | 28 13    N   |   15 38      W
+Teneriffe, Santa Cruz,                   | 28 27    N   |   16 16      W
+Palma,                                   | 28 36    N   |   17 45      W
+St. Antonio, Cape de Verd Islands,
+     crossing the Line,                  | 17  0    N   |   25  2      W
+Rio Janeiro,                             | 22 54    S
+Patagonia, Straits of Magellan,
+Cape Julian, Staten Island,              | 54 47 30 S   |   63 58 27   W
+Cape Horn,                               | 55 59    S   |   67 21      W
+Diego Ramarez,
+Easter Island,                           | 27  7    S   |  109 42      W
+Ducie's Island,                          | 24 40 30 S   |  124 40 30   W
+Lord Hood's Island,                      | 21 31    S   |  135 32 30   W
+Carysfort Island,                        | 20 49    S   |  138 33      W
+Maitea,                                  | 17 52    S   |  148  6      W
+Otaheite, Matavy Bay,                    | 17 29    S   |  149 35      W
+Huaheine, Owharre Bay,                   | 16 44    S   |  151  3      W
+Ulitea and Otaha,                        | 16 46    S   |  151 33      W
+Bolobola,                                | 16 33    S   |  151 52      W
+Mauruah,                                 | 16 26    S   |  152 33      W
+Whytutakee,                              | 18 52    S   |  159 41      W
+Palmerston's Isles,                      | 18  0    S   |  162 57      W
+Duke of York's Island,                   |  8 33 30 S   |  172  4  3   W
+Duke of Clarence's Island,               |  9  9 30 S   |  171 30 46   W
+Chatham's Island,                        | 13 32 20 S   |  172 18 20   W
+Ohatooah,                                | 13 50    S   |  171 30  6   W
+Anamooka,                                | 20 16    S   |  174 30      W
+Toomanuah,                               | 14 15    S   |  169 43      W
+Otutuelah,                               | 14 30    S   |  170 41      W
+Howe's Island,                           | 18 32 30 S   |  173 53      W
+Bickerton's Island,                      | 18 47 40 S   |  174 48      W
+Gardner's Island,                        | 17 57    S   |  175 16 54   W
+Pylestaart,                              | 22 23    S   |  175 39      W
+Eoah or Middleburgh,                     | 21 21    S   |  174 34      W
+Tongataboo,                              | 21  9    S   |  174 41      W
+Proby's Island,                          | 15 53    S   |  175 51      W
+Wallis's Island,                         | 13 22    S   |  176 15 45   W
+Grenville Island,                        | 12 29    S   |  183  3    \ W
+                                         |              |  176 57    / E
+Pandora's Reef,                          | 12 11    S   |  188  8    \ W
+                                         |              |  171 52    / E
+Mitre Island,                            | 11 49    S   |  190  4 30 \ W
+                                         |              |  169 55 30 / E
+Cherry Island,                           | 11 37 30 S   |  190 19 30 \ W
+                                         |              |  169 55 30 / E
+Pitt's Island,                           | 11 50 30 S   |  193 14 15 \ W
+                                         |              |  166 45 45 / E
+Wells's Shoal,                           | 12 20    S   |  202  2    \ W
+                                         |              |  157 58    / E
+Cape Rodney,          \   Point of       | 10  3 32 S   |  212 14  5 \ W
+M. Clarence in shore, |                  |              |  147 45 45 / E
+Cape Hood,            /   New Guinea     |  9 58  6 S   |  212 37 10 \ W
+                                         |              |  147 22 50 / E
+Murray's Isles,                          |  9 57    S   |  216 43    \ W
+                                         |              |  143 17    / E
+Wreck Reef,                              | 11 22    S   |  216 22    \ W
+                                         |              |  143 38    / E
+Batavia,                                 |  6 10    S   |  106 51      E
+Straits of Sunda,                        |  6 36 15 S   |  105 17 30   E
+Cape of Good Hope,                       | 34 29    S   |   18 23      E
+St. Helena,                              | 15 55    S   |    5 49      W
+Ascension Island,                        |  7 56    S   |   14 32      W
+
+
+FINIS.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[165-1] This seems to be the earliest description of Yaws (_Framboesia_)
+in these islands. Originating in Africa this contagious disease is
+believed to have been disseminated by the slave trade. The Dutch or
+Portuguese traders carried it from Madagascar and East Africa to Ceylon,
+where it still bears the name of _Parangi Lede_, or Foreigners' Evil.
+Though Hamilton did not observe it in the South Sea Islands the disease
+was probably there, for Mariner, who was in Tonga in 1810, described it
+as a well-established disease under the name of _Tona_.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+A.
+
+    Aitutaki Island,
+        visit to, 10, 40 _note_, 123;
+        Bligh supposed to be there, 102
+    Ale brewed at Namuka, 73
+    Anti-scorbutics, 100
+    Apia, 50 _note_
+    _Astrolabe_,
+        Perouse's ship, 19;
+        relics of, 68 _note_
+    Australia, Northern,
+        sighted, 76;
+        landing on, 149
+
+B.
+
+    Banks, Sir Joseph, 2, 112
+    Baring, carries letters to England, 84
+    Bark cloth, 115
+    Batavia, arrival at, 81
+    Beads found in Samoa, 56
+    Becke, Louis,
+        _The Mutineers_, 1;
+        _First Fleet Family_, 24
+    Bentham, Mr., Purser, 79, 118, 119
+    Blacks attack boats, 66, 149
+    _Blenheim_, wreck of, 3
+    Bligh, Captain, 1;
+        his character, 2;
+        boat voyage of, 2;
+        public sympathy with, 3;
+        supposed to be in Aitutaki, 102
+    Boat lost at Palmerston Island, 86, 126
+    Boat voyage
+        of Bligh, 2;
+        of Pereira, 3;
+        of Edwards, 22, 75, 147, 154
+    Bolabola visited, 39, 122
+    Bougainville,
+        warning, 20;
+        discovery of Samoa, 51, 56
+    _Bounty_,
+        fitting out, 2;
+        mutiny of, 2;
+        driver yard found, 9, 124;
+        anchor found, 34
+    _Boussole_,
+        Perouse's ship, 19;
+        relics of, 68 _note_
+    Bread fruit,
+        plan to acclimatize, 1;
+        its uses, 112
+    Brewing ale at Namuka, 143
+    Broad, Mary, 23
+    Brown, John, 31;
+        his character, 105;
+        identifies mutineers, 105
+    Bryant, William, 23, 82
+    Bull taken by Mutineers, 36
+    Burkitt,
+        trial of, 25;
+        arrest of, 34;
+        executed, 37
+    Burn, Michael, acquitted, 37
+    Butcher, Convict, 24
+    Byron, _The Island_, 1
+    Byron, Captain, 40
+
+C.
+
+    Canoes,
+        war, 114;
+        sailing, 53
+    Capetown, description of, 170
+    Carteret visits Vanikoro, 68 _note_
+    Carysfort Island, discovered, 30, 102
+    Cattle, 118
+    Cherry's Island, sighted, 67
+    Christian, Fletcher, 2, 102, 127;
+        his plan of forming settlement, 38
+    Churchill, murder of, 30, 70, 110
+    Cloudy Bay, 69 _note_
+    Coal found in Australia, 162
+    Cockle, gigantic, 125, 146
+    Cocoa, as anti-scorbutic, 100
+    Coleman, Joseph,
+        surrenders, 30, 102;
+        works pump, 73 _note_;
+        acquitted, 37
+    Consumption, 117
+    Convict jumps overboard, 169
+    Convicts,
+        escaped, at Timor, 23, 80, 161;
+        list of, 85;
+        find coal in Australia, 162
+    Cook, portrait of, 118
+    Coral Islands, how formed, 126
+    Corner, Lieut.,
+        character of, 5;
+        blames Edwards, 22;
+        pursues mutineers, 31, 103;
+        examines sand key, 72;
+        voyage home, 83;
+        ships plants, 99;
+        eats food from native temple, 104;
+        robbed by natives, 60, 134
+    Coupang,
+        arrival at, 79, 159;
+        funeral of king, 163
+    Court martial on mutineers, 24
+    Cox, Captain, 31
+    Cox, James, escaped convict, 82
+
+D.
+
+    Dances at Tahiti, 108
+    d'Entrecasteaux,
+        voyage, 19;
+        sights Vanikoro, 68 _note_
+    de Langle, massacre of, 51 _note_, 56 _note_
+    Diet
+        for long voyages, 6;
+        in the _Pandora_, 7
+    Dillon, Peter, discovers relics of La Perouse, 68 _note_
+    Dingoes seen, 77, 151
+    Distilling spirits, 111
+    Drums, 116
+    Ducie Island, 7, 29;
+        identical with Encarnacion, 30 _note_, 101
+    Duke of Clarence Island, 40, 128
+    _Duke of Portland_, taken by natives, 13
+    Duke of York Island, 48, 128
+    D'Urville explores Vanikoro, 68 _note_
+
+E.
+
+    East Bay, 70 _note_
+    Easter Island, sighted, 30 _note_, 101
+    Edea, Queen of Tahiti, 118
+    Edwards, Captain,
+        selected, 3;
+        orders to, 4;
+        character of, 4;
+        charged with inhumanity, 21;
+        touches at N. Australia, 22, 149;
+        recklessness in sailing at night, 142;
+        reproves mutineer for praying, 155
+    Eimeo, 121
+    Ellison,
+        trial of, 25;
+        arrest of, 33;
+        execution, 37
+    Endeavour Straits, 20
+    Eua visited, 17, 138
+
+F.
+
+    Fatafehi
+        at Tofoa, 13, 135;
+        at Namuka, 52
+    Fataka, or Mitre Island, 67 _note_
+    Female infanticide, 114
+    Fiji,
+        visited by Kau Moala, 65 _note_;
+        discovery of, 81
+    Finau, Chief of Vavau, 49 _note_; 13, 57 _note_
+    Fire-arms
+        in Tahiti, 115;
+        in Eimeo, 121
+    Flinders' Passage, 22, 77
+    Fruy, Mr., Lieut.-Governor of Timor, 79
+    Fulanga Inland, lack of water, 14
+    Futuna Island, visited by Kau Moala, 64, 65 _note_
+
+G.
+
+    Geese, left in Tahiti, 118
+    Geographical position of islands, 88, 89
+    Gordon, Colonel, 170
+    _Gorgon_, H.M.S., 23, 24, 83
+    Governor of Timor, 79, 159, 161
+
+H.
+
+    Haapai, visited, 51, 131
+    Haeva dance, 108
+    Hamilton, Dr.,
+        his character, 5;
+        account of voyage, 6, 91;
+        on health of seamen, 100
+    Hayward, Lieut.,
+        his character, 5;
+        recognizes natives of Tofoa, 13, 54 _note_;
+        pursues mutineers, 31;
+        lands at Aitutaki, 41;
+        ships plants, 99;
+        recognized at Aitutaki, 123;
+        at Tofoa, 135
+    Health of seamen, 99, 100
+    _Hector_, H.M.S., 24
+    Hervey Islands, 42
+    Heywood's
+        account of "Pandora's Box," 9;
+        trial of, 25;
+        pardoned, 37
+    Hillbrandt, Henry,
+        arrest of, 33; 74 _note_;
+        gives information, 40, 123;
+        drowned, 37
+    Hood, Cape, 19, 69 _note_
+    Hood, Lord, Island, 29, 101
+    _Hoornwey_, voyage home, 83
+    Horn Island, visited, 22, 77
+    _Horssen_, voyage of, 83, 88
+    Houses, Tahitian, 116
+    Howe, Lord, 91
+    Huahaine visited, 39, 121
+    Human sacrifices, 114
+
+I.
+
+    Indispensable Reef, 19, 69 _note_
+    Infanticide, 114
+    Innes, Mr., Surgeon's mate, 92, 157
+    Islands, list of, 88, 171
+
+
+J.
+
+    Java, arrival at, 166
+
+K.
+
+    Kao Island, 53, 60
+    Kandavu Island, why not visited, 15
+    Kau Moala, his voyage, 17, 65 _note_
+    Kava-drinking, 116
+    Kroutcheff, Captain, visited Mitre Island, 67 _note_
+
+L.
+
+    Larkin, Lieut., 5;
+        at Timor, 79
+    _Lila_ sickness, 11, 117
+    Look-out Shoal, 70 _note_
+    Louisiades, 20;
+        named by Bougainville, 69 _note_
+
+M.
+
+    Mackintosh,
+        arrest of, 33;
+        acquitted, 37;
+        works pumps, 73 _note_
+    Maikasa River, 70 _note_
+    Malt, as anti-scorbutic, 100
+    Mangaia Island, 42
+    Manua visited, 16, 136
+    Mariner, William,
+        narrative, 17;
+        account of Norton's murder, 54 _note_; 57 _note_
+    Mata-atua Harbour, 49 _note_
+    Matavai Bay, 102
+    Matuku Island,
+        visited by tender, 14, 16;
+        native traditions, 15
+    Maurelle discovers Vavau, 16
+    Maurua Island, 39, 122
+    _Megapodius_ at Niuafoou, 62
+    Mendana visits Vanikoro, 68 _note_
+    Millward,
+        trial of, 25;
+        arrest of, 34;
+        executed, 37
+    Milk, dislike of, 118
+    Mitre Island, visited, 66
+    Moemoe ceremony, 135
+    Morrison,
+        character of, 9;
+        trial of, 25;
+        arrest of, 33;
+        his journal, 33;
+        pardoned, 37;
+        plan of escape, 37 _note_
+    Mourning
+        in Tonga, 49;
+        in Wallis Island, 64
+    Moulter, William, tries to save mutineers, 74 _note_
+    Mountainous Island, 152
+    Murray Islands, 71, 141
+    Musical Instruments, 116
+    Muspratt,
+        trial of, 25;
+        arrest of, 34;
+        executed, 37
+    Mutineers,
+        fate of, 3;
+        retire to mountains, 7;
+        their diet, 8;
+        build schooner, 9;
+        adventures at Tubuai, 35, 36;
+        take Tahitian women in _Bounty_, 38;
+        neglected at Timor, 30;
+        list of, 86, 89;
+        capture of, 105;
+        let out of irons, 144
+
+N.
+
+    Namuka,
+        a rendezvous for tender, 12;
+        visited, 17, 52, 131, 138;
+        native shot, 60;
+        cannon fired, 61;
+        thefts by natives, 62
+    Nanga Cult, 128 _note_
+    Neiafu Harbour, Vavau, 57
+    New Year's Island, sighted, 99
+    Niuafoou
+        visited, 17, 62, 138;
+        large cocoanuts, 62;
+        _Megapodius_, 62
+    Norman,
+        arrest of, 33;
+        acquitted, 37;
+        works pumps, 73 _note_
+    North-West Reef, 77
+    Norton, his murderers recognized, 13, 54 _note_
+    Nukunono Island, visit to, 10, 46 _note_
+
+O.
+
+    Oatafu Island, 40 _note_, 45
+    Odiddee (Titi) native of Bolabola, 31, 39
+    Oliver
+        commands tender, 12, 120;
+        discovers Fiji, 12, 166;
+        his log lost, 15;
+        encounters Dutch vessel, 16, 167
+    Omai, fate of, 39, 121
+    Ongea Island, lack of water, 14
+    Orangerie Bay, 69 _note_
+    Orissia, Tahitian chief, 33
+    Otaka Island, 39
+    Otoo, king of Tahiti, 31, 102, 107, 119
+    Overstratin, Governor of Java, 81, 168
+
+P.
+
+    Palmerston Island,
+        list of crew lost at, 86;
+        visited, 42, 123;
+        _Bounty's_ yard found at, 44
+    _Pandora_,
+        fitted out, 3;
+        her ill luck, 6;
+        wrecked, 21, 142;
+        state of crew, 87;
+        disease on board, 91, 94;
+        patent ventilator, 95
+    Pandora's Bank, 66
+    Pandora's box,
+        excuse for, 7, 8;
+        cruelty of, 9, 34;
+        men drowned in, 74 _note_
+    Pan-pipes, 116
+    Papara district, 31, 33
+    Parrots, 130, 137
+    Passmore, Lieut., 5;
+        at Timor, 79;
+        surveys harbour, 119;
+        explores wreck, 145
+    Pearl shell ornaments, 123
+    "Peggy" Otoo, 110
+    Perouse, de la, of, 18, 68
+    Pitcairn Island, 1;
+        arrival at, 3;
+        why chosen by mutineers, 10
+    Plot to take _Pandora_, 7, 106
+    Point Venus, water bad, 34
+    _Port-au-Prince_, taken by natives, 13
+    Providential Channel, 20
+    Pylstaart Island sighted, 16, 138
+
+R.
+
+    Rarotonga, discovery of, 41 _note_
+    Reef Indispensable, 19
+    Religion of the Tahitians, 113
+    _Rembang_, voyage of, 24, 80, 165
+    Renouard, Midshipman,
+        his suffering, 12;
+        appointed to tender, 120
+    Rio di Janeiro,
+        arrival at, 28, 95;
+        life at, 96, 97;
+        slaves, 97;
+        probabilities of revolution, 97
+    Rodney Cape, 19, 69 _note_
+    Rotte Island, 78
+    Rotuma Island
+        discovered, 17, 56, 139;
+        incidents at, 18, 65, 139;
+        giants, 65 _note_;
+        Tongan language spoken, 66
+    Round Head, 70 _note_
+
+S.
+
+    Samarang Island, 80, 166;
+      description of, 166
+    Samoa,
+        appearance of, 66, 129;
+        return to, 136
+    Samoans
+        attack tender, 12;
+        use turmeric, 129;
+        thefts by, 130
+    Saroa district, New Guinea, 19, 70 _note_
+    Saurkraut, as diet, 100
+    Savaii, sighted, 49, 129
+    Schouten,
+        visits Futuna, 65 _note_;
+        visits Niuafoou, 62
+    Scurvy, precautions against, 7
+    Sea-snakes, 155
+    _Seringapatam_, discovers Rarotonga, 41
+    _Shark_, H.M.S., encountered, 27
+    Sickness follows island discoveries, 11
+    Sival, Midshipman,
+        at Palmerston Island, 124;
+        lost, 126
+    Skinner, Richard, 30, 102;
+        drowned, 37, 74 _note_
+    Slave trade in Timor, 161
+    South Sea Islands, their value to England, 98
+    Spices in Samoa, 130
+    Staten Island sighted, 99
+    Stewart, Midshipman, 8;
+        surrenders, 30;
+        drowned, 37, 74 _note_
+    Stewart, "Peggy," 8, 106
+    "Strangers' Cold," 11
+    Sugar, first issued to Navy, 94
+    Sumner, John,
+        arrest of, 34;
+        drowned, 37
+
+T.
+
+    Tahiti, arrival at, 29
+    Tahitians,
+        their religion, 113;
+        weapons, 115;
+        cloth, 115;
+        women, 116;
+        houses, 116
+    Tamarie, chief of Tahiti, 32, 105
+    Tattooing, 122
+    Tea and sugar, first used in Navy, 94
+    Temple, native, food taken from, 104
+    Teneriffe,
+        arrival at, 27, 92;
+        inhabitants of, 93
+    Tender
+        built by mutineers, 37;
+        commissioned, 9, 38, 120;
+        attacked by Samoans, 12, 166;
+        sale of, 16;
+        joins company, 80;
+        her adventures, 81, 166;
+        parts company, 51, 131;
+        her after-history, 33 _note_
+    Theft, punishment for, 111
+    Thompson, Matthew, killed, 30, 37, 110
+    Timor Island,
+        arrival at, 22, 78, 155;
+        governor of, 79;
+        description of, 160, 164;
+        yaws observed at, 164, 165 _note_
+    _Tofoa_,
+        visit of tender to, 13;
+        _Pandora_ visits, 132, 135, 160
+    Tongans
+        misnamed Friendly Islanders, 132;
+        remember Tasman, 133;
+        their women, 133;
+        mercenary character of, 134
+    _Tongatabu_
+        visited, 17;
+        seeds left, 133
+    Torres Straits, 20
+    Tree Island, 77, 150
+    Tubai, 122
+    Tubuai, 34, 53
+    Tubou of Tonga, 135
+    Tucopia, discovery of La Perouse's relics, 68 _note_
+    Tukuaho, temporal king of Tonga, 52 _note_
+    Turmeric, used by Samoans, 50 129
+    _Tutuila_ visited, 16, 51, 55, 129, 136
+
+U.
+
+    Ulietea Island, 39
+    Ulukalala, Finau, letter left with, 52
+    Union Group, visit to, 11, 40
+    Upolu visited, 16, 50, 129
+
+V.
+
+    Vanikoro sighted, 18, 68 _note_
+    Vanion, Mynheer, Governor of Timor, 159, 161
+    Vatoa, discovered by Cook, 14
+    Vavau visited, 16, 55, 57, 136
+    Victoria, Mount, 20
+    Victualling of Navy, 94, 100
+    Volcanic disturbance in Vavau, 59
+    _Vreedemberg_, voyage of, 24, 81, 83, 88
+
+W.
+
+    Wallis Island visited, 17, 63 _note_
+    Wanjon, Governor of Timor, 79
+    War canoes, 114
+    Weapons of Tahitians, 115
+    Williams, Rev. John, 41 _note_
+    Whales, sperm, 99
+    Wheat, as anti-scorbutic, 100
+    White's patent ventilator, 95
+    Women, status of, 116
+    Wreck of _Pandora_, 21, 72;
+        casualties at, 73 _note_; 142
+
+Y.
+
+    Yaws, 165 _note_
+
+Z.
+
+    Zimers, Surgeon-General, of Timor, 79
+    _Zwan_, voyage home, 83
+
+
+GLASGOW: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes
+
+1. This text contains inconsistencies in spelling, accented characters and
+hyphenated words. They have been left as printed unless otherwise marked.
+
+2. On page 142, a word, 'wastward' appears as printed as either 'eastward'
+or 'westward' could be correct.
+
+3. Obvious punctuation errors have been repaired.
+
+4. Noted corrections:
+Page 13, "Tofua" changed to "Tofoa"
+Page 50, "one one" changed to "one"
+Page 51, "Annanooka" changed to "Annamooka"
+Page 63, "Boscawen's" changed to "Boscowen's"
+Page 72, "threequarters" changed to "three quarters"
+Page 79, "Surgeon General" changed to "Surgeon-General"
+Page 89, "Astrotabe" changed to "Astrolabe"
+Page 97, "Bouganvile" changed to "Bougainville"
+Page 102, "Otaheety" changed to "Otaheitee"
+Page 103, "Alredy" changed to "Aeredy"
+Page 107, "unweildy" changed to "unwieldy"
+Page 131, "Falafagee" changed to "Fallafagee"
+Page 153, "untensils" changed to "utensils"
+Page 159, "and and" changed to "and"
+Page 175, "Macintosh" changed to "Mackintosh",
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora, by
+Edward Edwards and George Hamilton
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VOYAGE OF H.M.S. PANDORA ***
+
+***** This file should be named 22834.txt or 22834.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/8/3/22834/
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the booksmiths at
+http://www.eBookForge.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/22834.zip b/22834.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d977e25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/22834.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7c2079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #22834 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22834)